tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Injuries from Methamphetamine-Related Chemical Incidents — Five States, 2001–2012
Authors: Natalia Melnikova, Maureen F. Orr, Jennifer Wu, Bryan Christensen
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

The reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States has been described as one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the first decade of the 21st century (1).A recent analysis concluded that routine childhood vaccination will prevent 322 million cases of disease and about 732,000 early deaths among children born during 1994-2013, for a net societal cost savings of $1.38 trillion (2).The National Immunization Survey (NIS) has monitored vaccination coverage among U.S. children aged 19-35 months since 1994 (3).This report presents national, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage estimates for children born from January 2011 through May 2013, based on data from the 2014 NIS.For most vaccinations, there was no significant change in coverage between 2013 and 2014.The exception was hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), for which increases were observed in coverage with both ≥1 and ≥2 doses.As in previous years, <1% of children received no vaccinations.National coverage estimates indicate that the Healthy People 2020 target* of 90% was met for ≥3 doses of poliovirus vaccine (93.3%), ≥1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) (91.5%), ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) (91.6%), and ≥1 dose of varicella vaccine (91.0%).Coverage was below target for ≥4 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), the full series of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, hepatitis B (HepB) birth dose, † ≥4 doses pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), ≥2 doses of HepA, the full series of rotavirus vaccine, and the combined vaccine series.§ Examination of coverage by child's race/ethnicity revealed lower estimated coverage among non-Hispanic black children compared with non-Hispanic white children for several vaccinations, including DTaP, the full series of Hib, PCV, rotavirus vaccine, and
Murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies penetrate cells, bind to nuclei, and induce glomerular proliferation and proteinuria in vivo.
Authors: D Vlahakos, M H Foster, A A Ucci, K J Barrett, S K Datta, M P Madaio
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

The production of relatively high quantities of autoantibodies (autoAb) that react with DNA and other intranuclear antigens is characteristic of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. However, the capacity of these Ab to penetrate cells and induce functional perturbations in vivo is not well appreciated. To address this issue, monoclonal (m) anti-DNA Ab (mAb), derived from MRL-lpr/lpr and (NZB x SWR)F1 mice, were administered to normal mice, and the animals were examined for morphologic and functional abnormalities. A subset of five mAb produced intranuclear immunoglobulin deposits in multiple organs. Intranuclear immunoglobulin deposits were also observed after cross-linking the tissue before direct immunofluorescence and after i.v. injection of F(ab')2 fragments of one anti-DNA Ab. This phenomenon was reproducible and was only associated with this subset of autoAb. Furthermore, intranuclear deposits of anti-DNA Ab within glomeruli were associated with morphologic and functional abnormalities including: hypercellularity, epithelial foot process fusion, new fiber bundle formation within the mesangium suggestive of new collagen synthesis, and proteinuria. These results indicate that a subset of autoAb may penetrate cells in vivo to influence normal cellular and nuclear function and to contribute to functional and pathologic abnormalities in individuals with systemic lupus.
An Effective and Tolerable Chemoimmunotherapy Regimen For Relapsed/Refractory and Very-High Risk Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Combining Alemtuzumab With Pentostatin and Low Dose Rituximab
Authors: Clive S. Zent, Betsy R LaPlant, Wenting Wu, Timothy G. Call, Deborah Bowen, Michael J. Conte, George J. Weiner, Thomas E Witzig
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 17430: Cd44 Contributes to the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice Through the Interaction With Hyaluronic Acid and the Recruitment of Macrophages
Authors: Toru Miyoshi, Tomoko Yonezawa, Satoshi Hirohata, Kazufumi Nakamura, Shozo Kusachi, Kengo Kusano, Yoshifumi Ninomiya, Hiroshi Ito
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease characterized by mobilization of inflammatory cells into vessel walls and activation of vascular cells, leading to degradation of extracellular matrix(ECM). CD44 is not only a principle receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA), but also an adhesion molecule expressed on inflammatory and vascular cells. Recently, we have reported that low-molecular weight HA induced inflammatory cytokines from human peripheral mononuclear cells. We investigated the potential role of CD44 in the development of AAA. Methods: For induction of AAA, we applied 0.5 M CaCl2 to the infrarenal aortae of mice deficient for CD44, and wild type (WT) littermates as a control. Results: Six week after application of CaCl2, the diameter of aorta in CD44−/−mice (12%±13%, n=8) was significantly smaller than that in WT mice (53%±12%, n=10). The elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9, -12 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in WT aorta at one week after CaCl2 treatme...
Royal Marsden phase III trial of fluorouracil with or without interferon alfa-2b in advanced colorectal cancer.
Authors: M Hill, A Norman, D Cunningham, M Findlay, V Nicolson, A Hill, A Iveson, C Evans, J Joffe, M Nicolson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Phase II studies have shown that the combination of interferon alfa-2b (IFN) and fluorouracil (5-FU) is active in patients with metastatic colon cancer. This study was designed to investigate whether treatment with the combination of IFN and 5-FU could improve the response rate, duration of response, or survival compared with treatment with 5-FU alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed advanced colorectal cancer were randomized to receive 5-FU 750 mg/m2/d by continuous infusion for 5 consecutive days followed by weekly bolus 5-FU 750 mg/m2 either with or without IFN 10 MU subcutaneously three times weekly. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity for up to 12 months. RESULTS Radiologic response was observed in 26 of 106 assessable patients (25%): 10 of 52 (19%) in the group that received 5-FU plus IFN (all partial responses [PRs]) and 16 of 54 (30%) in the 5-FU-alone group (three complete responses [CRs] and 13 PRs) (P = .21). There was similarly no significant difference between the two groups in progression-free survival (median, 3 months), 1-year survival, or overall survival (median, 8 months). However, patients who received IFN did experience significantly more toxicity in the form of leukopenia (P = .013), lymphopenia (P = .01), depression (P = .014), and alopecia (P = .002), and were significantly more likely to be withdrawn due to adverse events (P = .003). There were four toxic deaths, all of which occurred in patients who had received IFN. CONCLUSION At the doses and schedules used in this study, IFN affords no benefit to 5-FU in terms of response and survival and significantly increases toxicity for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Abstract 18913: Regional Variation in Heart Transplant Outcomes in the United States: Trends Over Time
Authors: Marjan Mujib, Tanush Gupta, Nabila K Mazumder, Sahil Khera, Dhaval Kolte, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Jalaj Garg, Sachin Sule, Gregg C Fonarow, Ali Ahmed, William H Frishman, Wilbert S Aronow
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Clinical outcomes after heart transplant have improved considerably in the United States over the past several decades. However, the degree to which this has occurred uniformly across the country is unknown. Methods: We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) databases to identify patients who received heart transplant (ICD 9 procedure codes 37.51) during the years 2003 through 2010. Using discharge weights an estimated 13,084 nationwide heart transplant patients were identified. Patients were stratified on the basis of hospitals’ census region as obtained from the AHA Annual Survey of Hospitals: Northeast (17%), Midwest (23%), South (29%), and West (31%). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of hospital region and in-hospital mortality. To estimate trends over time, a subsequent analysis was performed within strata of three time-periods: time-period 1 (2003-2005), time-period 2 (2006-2007) and time-period 3 (2008-2010). Results: Overall, in-hospital mortality was lowest in the West (4.2% versus 5.2% in the South, 5.6% in the Midwest, and 7.3% in the Northeast; P&lt;0.001). After adjusting for patient demographics, co-morbidities, pay status, median household income status, and hospital characteristics, compared to the West, in-hospital mortality remained higher in the South (OR; 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.60; P=0.037), Midwest (OR; 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.76; P=0.006) and the Northeast (OR; 1.77; 95% CI, 1.39-2.27; P&lt;0.001). When stratified by three time-periods, in-hospital mortality rates during time-period 1 were similar across all regions. Compared to the West, Northeast (OR, 5.84; P&lt;0.001) and Midwest (OR, 1.91; P=0.019) had significant higher mortality rates during time-period 2. During time-period 3, Northeast (OR, 2.57; P&lt;0.001), Midwest (OR, 1.92; P=0.002) and South (OR,1.67; P=0.019) regions had higher in-hospital mortality compared to the West. Conclusions: Regional differences in in-hospital mortality after heart transplant were not prevalent until 2006. The inpatient mortality remained worse in the Northeast, Midwest and South regions compared to the West. Further prospective studies are required to identify factors responsible for these regional differences.
A phase II multicenter study evaluating the efficacy and safety of IMC-11F8, a recombinant human IgG<sub>1</sub> anti- epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (Mab), combined with 5-FU/FA and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX-6) as first- line therapy
Authors: J. Tabernero, J. Sastre Valera, T. Delaunoit, A. Cervantes, A. Hendlisz, H. Youssoufian, E. K. Rowinsky, G. Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

4066 Background: Targeting the EGFR using cetuximab, a chimeric IgG1 anti-EGFR MAb, has resulted in significant clinical activity in a wide range of cancers, including colorectal neoplasms. IMC-11F8 is a recombinant human IgG1 Mab with EGFR-binding characteristics similar to those of cetuximab. In preclinical studies, IMC-11F8 has demonstrated activity alone and in combination with irinotecan and oxaliplatin in both drug-sensitive and -resistant CRC xenografts. In phase I, IMC-11F8 has been well-tolerated with promising antitumor activity, dose-dependent elimination and nonlinear exposure consistent with saturable clearance mechanism(s). This phase II study evaluated the overall response rate associated with IMC-11F8 in combination with mFOLFOX-6 in patients (pts) with unresectable, locally- advanced or metastatic CRC who have not received chemotherapy in the advanced setting. Methods: IMC-11F8 is administered at an absolute dose of 800 mg on Day 1 of each cycle followed by treatment with mFOLFOX-6 (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m², folinic acid 400 mg/m², and 5-fluorouracil [400 mg/m² bolus followed by 2400 mg/m² as a continuous 46-hour infusion]). Each cycle is repeated every 2 weeks until disease progression or toxicity requiring discontinuation. Pts undergo radiologic tumor response evaluation every 8 weeks. Results: 19 pts have been enrolled (18 ongoing). Of 10 pts who have had response assessments, six (60%) experienced partial responses (PRs). The most common adverse event (AE), at least possibly-related to IMC-11F8, was skin rash. One pt experienced a grade 2 infusion reaction to IMC-11F8 during Cycle 2. Other Aes reported to date are consistent with mFOLFOX-6 therapy. One pt died due to an intestinal obstruction that was not considered related to IMC-11F8 (this pt had a PR at the time of death). PK results will be reported. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that the addition of IMC-11F8 to the mFOLFOX-6 regimen in metastatic CRC pts is well tolerated with notable antitumor activity. This convenient every-2-week schedule merits further evaluation in this setting. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ImClone Systems Incorporated ImClone Systems Incorporated
Immunotoxins: prospects and problems.
Authors: J Mendelsohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.12.2088 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 1960548 Immunotoxins: prospects and problems. J MendelsohnxJ MendelsohnSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1991.9.12.2088 First Page PDF © 1991 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Could methylated reprimo cell-free DNA serve as a novel tumor marker to assess response in locally advanced gastric cancer treated with preoperative chemotherapy?
Authors: Bettina Gabriele Muller, Alejandra Alarcon, Jorge M Arancibia, Francisca Alfaro, Jose Antonio Sola, Maria J. Maturana, Rodrigo Andres Ascui, Wanda Fernandez, Alejandro Corvalan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

101 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Perioperative chemotherapy (CT) for locally advanced GC improves curative resection rates and survival compared to surgery alone. Response assessment is challenging and no tumor markers have been validated for this purpose. We conducted a pilot study to investigate the role of methylated Reprimo (RPRM) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as tumor marker for assessment of response to preoperative CT in patients enrolled in the study GOCCHI 2009-01 (NCT01633203). Methods: Patients with locally advanced GC referred to receive preoperative CT with Epirubicin + Cisplatin + Capecitabine for 3 cycles were offered to enter the study. Patients had to have operable GC, with baseline CT showing a transmural tumor and/or regional lymphnode metastasis with no distant spread assessed by a multidisciplinary tumor board. After the approval of the amendment of the protocol to allow blood sampling for tumor marker measurement and only if informed consent had been given, blood samples were taken at day one of each cycle of preoperative CT. The status of methylated RPRM cfDNA was assessed by Methylight and the number of copies per mL was determined. Patients with at least 2 samples were analyzed. Results: Thirteen patients signed the informed consent form for this substudy, and 11 patients had blood samples available for analysis. Of these, 8 patients had detectable methylated RPRM cfDNA on Day 1 of the first cycle (i.e. baseline). Five patients showed decrease in methylated RPRM cfDNA, while 5 patients had increased levels of the tumor marker in subsequent measurements. In one patient, methylated RPRM cfDNA was not detected in either of two assessments. One patient with a marked increase in methylated RPRM cfDNA after two cycles of CT had metastatic disease at laparotomy. Correlation between pathological findings and changes in methylated RPRM cfDNA will be presented. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that methylated RPRM cfDNA could serve as a novel tumor marker to assess response in locally advanced GC treated with preoperative chemotherapy. Further validation of these preliminary results is warranted.
Randomized double blind (DB) placebo (Plcb) controlled phase III study assessing the efficacy of xaliproden (X) in reducing the cumulative peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) induced by the oxaliplatin (Ox) and 5-FU/LV combination (FOLFOX4) in first-line treatment of patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC)
Authors: J. Cassidy, G. A. Bjarnason, T. Hickish, C. Topham, M. Provencio, G. Bodoky, L. Landherr, P. Koralewski, G. Lopez-Vivanco, G. Said
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

3507 Background: X, an orally administered non-peptide neurotrophic agent developed by sanofi-aventis, was shown in vitro to minimize neuritic damage induced by Ox (co-culture of Schwann cells and dorsal roots ganglia explant). The probability of occurrence of Grade (Gr) 3–4 PSN at a cumulative dose of Ox of 1000 mg/m 2 , was consistently reported to be of 18–20%. Methods: First line MCRC pts were randomized to receive, in a DB fashion, FOLFOX4 and either Plcb or X 1mg daily. X was administered from the 1 st day of chemotherapy till 15 days post last Ox cycle. Co-primary objectives were reduction in the risk of occurrence of Gr 3–4 PSN relative to cumulative dose of Ox (Kaplan-Meier method) and non-inferiority in response rate (RR). Secondary endpoints included evaluation of sensory action potential (SAP) and safety. Results: From July 2002 to May 2004, 649 pts were randomized (324 Plcb, 325 X). Pts characteristics were well balanced across arms, median number of Ox cycles was 12 in both arms, median relative dose intensity (%) was 83.8 (Plcb) and 85.2 (X). A significant risk reduction of 39% in the probability of Grade 3–4 PSN in favor of X was reported (hazard ratio [95% CI] = 0.61 [0.40; 0.93], p= 0.0203). Overall RR [95 % CI] was: Plcb 42.6% [37.1; 48.2] and X 44.9% [39.4; 50.6]. As prospectively defined in the protocol, the lower bound of the CI of the RR ratio above 0.8 confirms noninferiority in RR (1.055 [0.88; 1.26]). In both arms the mean % of change in SAP worsens as a function of PSN severity. 17.3 (Plcb) and 13.5% (X) of the pts discontinued Ox because of PSN. Severe toxicities (% Gr 3–4), reported with a ≥2% difference between arms, were (plcb vs X): diarrhea 10.9 vs 13.0, pulmonary embolism 0.9 vs 3.1, fatigue 3.7 vs 1.5, neutropenia 43.0 vs 37.8. Conclusion: X was shown to be efficient in reducing the risk of Grade 3–4 oxaliplatin-induced PSN without impacting FOLFOX4 antitumor activity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Rifampin Does Not Improve the Efficacy of Quinolone Antibacterial Prophylaxis in Neutropenic Cancer Patients: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Carlos Gomez-Martin, Claudio Solá, Javier Hornedo, Sofia Perea, Carlos Lumbreras, Vicente Valentí, Alberto Arcediano, Milva Rodriguez, Ramon Salazar, Hernán Cortés-Funes, Manuel Hidalgo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine whether the addition of rifampin to a quinolone-based antibacterial prophylactic regimen in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT) decreases the incidence of neutropenia and fever, Gram-positive bacteremia, and infection-related morbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with solid tumors undergoing HDC with PBSCT were randomized to receive prophylactic antibiotics with either ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally every 8 hours or the same ciprofloxacin regimen with rifampin 300 mg orally every 12 hours. Prophylaxis was started 48 hours before stem-cell reinfusion. Patients were monitored to document the occurrence of neutropenia and fever, incidence and cause of bacterial infection, time to onset and duration of fever, requirement for intravenous antimicrobials, and length of hospital admission. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin and 65 to receive ciprofloxacin plus rifampin, and from these groups, 62 and 61 were assessable, respectively. The proportion of patients who developed neutropenia and fever was 87% in the group treated with ciprofloxacin and 78% in the group treated with ciprofloxacin and rifampin (P = .25). Although there was a trend toward a reduction in the overall incidence of bacteremia (12 v 4 patients), and Gram-positive bacteremia (8 v 2 patients) with the addition of rifampin, none of these comparisons was statistically significant (P = .05 and P = .09, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results of this study, which demonstrate that rifampin does not improve ciprofloxacin antibacterial prophylaxis in cancer patients undergoing HDC with PBSCT support but that it does increase the occurrence of undesirable side effects, do not support the routine use of rifampin in this setting.
Abstract 78: Multi-Criteria Evaluations for Improved Placement of Defibrillators: Preliminary Results
Authors: Yifang Ban, David Fredman, Martin Jonsson, Leif Svensson
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: When a person suffers an out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), help within the first 3-5 minutes is critical for survival. In many cases, ambulances do not arrive within these critical minutes. Past studies show that early use of an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) can improve the survival rate from 10% to 50%. Therefore Swedish Resuscitation Council has recommended placement of AEDs in public places so that the general public can assist when an OHCA is taking place. However, the defibrillators in Stockholm as well as in most parts of Sweden are financed and placed by individuals, companies or organizations at their own initiative. Where are the defibrillators most needed? Is the current placement of defibrillators suitable? These are the research issues for this study. Hypothesis: Can Multi-Criteria Evaluations (MCE) be used to determine the most suitable placements of AED based on historical data for OHCA and analysis of risk groups? Method: Census data on nighttime population (age and gender) over Stockholm in 250 m by 250 m grid were collected from Statistics Sweden. Data on previous OHCA in Stockholm during 2006-2012 were provided by the cardiology center of Södersjukhuset. Prior heart disease information was extracted from the Swedish OHCA database. MCE, a spatial analysis tool in GIS for decision support, were performed to determine the most suitable locations for placing defibrillators based on four different scenarios with different weights of the risk factors. Results: Preliminary results show that a number of areas in Stockholm are in need of more strategic placement of AEDs. The most suitable locations complement the existing defibrillators are presented in the first three scenarios. In scenario four, only based on the historical OHCA occurrences, the placements somewhat overlap with the existing defibrillators plus the need of additional AEDs in several areas. These results indicate that MCE is a promising tool to support decision-making on the placement of AEDs. Future research is planned to take into account more risk factors and to improve the data availability and quality.