tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The specific antigen-binding cell populations of individual fetal mouse spleens: repertoire composition, size, and genetic control
Authors: JE Cohen, P D'Eustachio, GM Edelman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

In order to analyze the genetic and physiological basis of controls affecting the generation of the repertoire of antigen-binding cells in fetal mice, we have measured the numbers of spleen cells specific for each of four antigens as a function of the total numbers of nucleated and Ig-bearing cells in inbred, hybrid, and random bred fetuses. For each of the two inbred strains BALB/c and CBA/J, the proportion of nucleated cells specific for a given antigen was the same for all individuals of the strain at the 18th day of gestation. The proportion did vary from antigen to antigen, however, and for each antigen the proportion of specific cells observed in CBA/J fetuses was approximately four times that observed in BALB/c fetuses. This difference appeared to be due to a difference between the two strains in the relative size of the repertoire of antigen-binding spleen cells at this stage of development, inasmuch as the frequency of Ig-bearing spleen cells in CBA/J fetuses was likewise approximately four times that observed in BALB/c fetuses. In random bred Swiss-L fetal mice at the 18th day of gestation, the proportion of cells specific for a given antigen varied significantly from one individual to the next. The ratio of proportions of the two antigens observed was constant from individual to individual, however, and this constant ratio differed significantly from the ratio observed for the same two antigens in fetal BALB/c and CBA/J inbred mice. These data suggest that the ontogeny of the repertoire of antigen-binding cells in fetal mice is subject to at least two independent sets of controls, one affecting the relative size of the repertoire in the spleen, and the other affecting the distribution of antigen-binding specificities within that repertoire. Analysis of repertoire size and composition in the spleens of hybrid fetuses confirmed the observation that the two parameters are controlled independently, and suggested further that the control of repertoire size in these fetuses is due to the action of one or a few closely-linked autosomal Mendelian genes. These data are consistent with models for the origin of antibody diversity in which the genes coding for the full repertoire of antibodies are generated somatically from a small number of germ-line genes early in development and in the absence of any strong positive or negative selection with respect to antigenic specificity.
Effect of Individual Psychological Intervention in Chinese Women With Gynecologic Malignancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Y.M. Chan, Peter W.H. Lee, Daniel Y.T. Fong, Amy S.M. Fung, Lina Y.F. Wu, Alice Y.Y. Choi, T.Y. Ng, Hextan Y.S. Ngan, L.C. Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of psychological intervention in the care of cancer patients and to determine whether routine use of individual psychological therapies is indicated. Patients and Methods Patients with newly diagnosed gynecologic malignancies from August 1999 to November 2000 were recruited and randomly assigned to either a control group receiving routine medical care or to an intervention group receiving individual psychotherapy. A set of fixed-choice, self-report questionnaires assessing the patients' psychological status, quality of life, and their perceptions related to the medical consultations was completed at recruitment and then every 3 months for 18 months. Data analysis was performed according to the intention-to-treat principle by fitting the data into a linear mixed-effects model. Multivariable analyses were performed to examine the effects of confounding factors. Results One hundred fifty-five patients participated in the trial. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at baseline. There was a trend toward better quality of life and functional status and also improvement of the symptoms over time for both groups. No differences were found between the groups in the scores measured by any of the instruments at baseline and at any time points after the cancer diagnosis. Psychological intervention had no significant effects on the psychosocial parameters. Conclusion Routine use of psychological therapies as given in our format has no significant effect on the patients' quality of life and psychological status.
Renal Tumor Contact Surface Area: A Novel Parameter for Predicting Complexity and Outcomes of Partial Nephrectomy
Authors: Scott Leslie, Inderbir S. Gill, Andre Luis de Castro Abreu, Syed Rahmanuddin, Karanvir S. Gill, Mike Nguyen, Andre K. Berger, Alvin C. Goh, Jie Cai, Vinay A. Duddalwar, Monish Aron, Mihir M. Desai
Journal: European Urology (2014)
REQUIREMENT OF THYMUS (T) LYMPHOCYTES FOR RESISTANCE TO LISTERIOSIS
Authors: F. C. Lane, E. R. Unanue
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Spleen cells of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes were adoptively transferred to normal mice. Such lymphocytes conferred resistance to a lethal challenge with Listeria. Hyperimmunization of the donor reduces the number of cells necessary to transfer effective immunity. Such spleen cells if treated with anti-theta serum do not transfer resistance to Listeria. Hence, thymus (T) lymphocytes are involved in the resistance to infection with the facultative intracellular bacteria L. monocytogenes.
Targeted Genetic Disruption of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-δ and Colonic Tumorigenesis
Authors: Xiangsheng Zuo, Zhanglong Peng, Micheline J. Moussalli, Jeffrey S. Morris, Russell R. Broaddus, Susan M. Fischer, Imad Shureiqi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-delta (PPAR-δ) is overexpressed in human colon cancer, but its contribution to colonic tumorigenesis is controversial. We generated a mouse model in which PPAR-δ was genetically disrupted in colonic epithelial cells by targeted deletion of exon 4. Elimination of colon-specific PPAR-δ expression was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and activity assays. Mice with and without targeted PPAR-δ genetic disruption (10–11 mice per group) were tested for incidence of azoxymethane-induced colon tumors. The effects of targeted PPAR-δ deletion on vascular endothelial growth factor expression were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Targeted PPAR-δ genetic disruption inhibited colonic carcinogenesis: Mice with PPAR-δ (−/−) colons developed 98.5% fewer tumors than wild-type mice (PPAR-δ (−/−) vs wild-type, mean = 0.1 tumors per mouse vs 6.6 tumors per mouse, difference = 6.5 tumors per mouse, 95% confidence interval = 4.9 to 8.0 tumors per mouse, P < .001, two-sided test). Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in colon tumors vs normal colon was suppressed by loss of PPAR-δ expression. These findings indicate that PPAR-δ has a crucial role in promoting colonic tumorigenesis.
Substance Use Following Bariatric Weight Loss Surgery
Authors: Alexis Conason, Julio Teixeira, Chia-Hao Hsu, Lauren Puma, Danielle Knafo, Allan Geliebter
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3>To assess substance use before and after bariatric weight loss surgery (WLS). There is a paucity of research investigating the occurrence of substance use following bariatric WLS. It was hypothesized that patients who underwent WLS would exhibit an increase in substance use (drug use, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking) following surgery to compensate for a marked decrease in food intake.<h3>Design</h3>Prospective study.<h3>Setting</h3>A major urban community hospital.<h3>Participants</h3>A total of 155 participants (132 women and 23 men) who underwent WLS were recruited from a preoperative information session at a bariatric surgery center.<h3>Intervention</h3>Participants received either laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (n = 100) or laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery (n = 55). Participants completed questionnaires to assess eating behaviors and substance use at preoperative baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>Substance use as assessed by the Compulsive Behaviors Questionnaire.<h3>Results</h3>Participants reported significant increases in the frequency of substance use (a composite of drug use, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking, hereafter referred to as composite substance use) 24 months after surgery. Specifically, participants experienced a significant increase in the frequency of composite substance use from baseline to 24 months after surgery (P = .02), as well as significant increases from 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months to 24 months after surgery (all P ≤ .002). In addition, participants who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery reported a significant increase in the frequency of alcohol use from baseline to 24 months after surgery (P = .011). The response rate to the survey was 61% at 1-month follow-up, 41% at 3-month follow-up, 43% at 6-month follow-up, 49% at 12-month follow-up, and 24% at 24-month follow-up.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Patients may be at increased risk for substance use following bariatric WLS. In particular, patients who undergo laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery may be at increased risk for alcohol use following WLS. Our study is among the first to document significant increases in substance use following WLS using longitudinal data.
Detection of platelet-activating factor in plasma of patients with streptococcal nephritis.
Authors: S Mezzano, M Kunick, F Olavarria, L Ardiles, G Montrucchio, L Silvestro, L Biancone, G Camussi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether platelet-activating factor (PAF) is released in the plasma of patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, because previous studies have shown an involvement of platelets in the active phase of this disease. The results of this study indicate that PAF bioactive material is released in significant amounts in the plasma of 49 out of 50 patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The observed release of PAF was not a direct consequence of the bacterial infection, because it was minimal or absent in patients with streptococcal infection without glomerular involvement. PAF bioactive material extracted and purified from the plasma of patients was shown to be chemically and biologically identical to the synthetic C-16 PAF (1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl 3-phosphorylcholine).
Worldwide, economic development and gender equality correlate with liberal sexual attitudes and behavior: What does this tell us about evolutionary psychology?
Authors: Dory A. Schachner, Joanna E. Scheib, Omri Gillath, Phillip R. Shaver
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Shortcomings in the target article preclude adequate tests of developmental/attachment and strategic pluralism theories. Methodological problems include comparing college student attitudes with societal level indicators that may not reflect life conditions of college students. We show, through two principal components analyses, that multiple tests of the theories reduce to only two findings that cannot be interpreted as solid support for evolutionary hypotheses.
Self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Carl Heneghan, Alison Ward, Rafael Perera, Clare Bankhead, Alice Fuller, Richard Stevens, Kairen Bradford, Sally Tyndel, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Jack Ansell, Rebecca Beyth, Artur Bernardo, Thomas Decker Christensen, Manon Cromheecke, Robert G Edson, David Fitzmaurice, Alain PA Gadisseur, Josep M Garcia-Alamino, Chris Gardiner, Michael Hasenkam, Alan Jacobson, Scott Kaatz, Farhad Kamali, Tayyaba Irfan Khan, Eve Knight, Heinrich Körtke, Marcel Levi, David Bruce Matchar, Bárbara Menéndez-Jándula, Ivo Rakovac, Christian Schaefer, Andrea Siebenhofer, Juan Carlos Souto, Rubina Sunderji, Kenneth Gin, Karen Shalansky, Heinz Völler, Otto Wagner, Armin Zittermann
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Tibial plateau size is related to grade of joint space narrowing and osteophytes in healthy women and in women with osteoarthritis
Authors: A E Wluka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To determine the relation of bone size to radiographic severity in knee osteoarthritis.149 women (81 healthy and 68 with knee osteoarthritis) underwent knee radiography and magnetic resonance imaging on their symptomatic or dominant knee. Tibial plateau bone area was measured at baseline and at follow up.Women with osteoarthritis had larger medial and lateral tibial plateau bone area (mean (SD): 1850 (240) mm2 and 1279 (220) mm2, respectively) than healthy women (1670 (200) mm2 and 1050 (130) mm2) (p<0.001 for both differences). For each increase in grade of osteophyte, an increase in bone area was seen of 146 mm2 in the medial compartment and 102 mm2 in the lateral compartment. Similarly, for each increase in grade of joint space narrowing, tibial plateau bone area increased by 160 mm2 in the medial compartment and 131 mm2 in the lateral compartment (significance of regression coefficients all p<0.001). These relations persisted after adjusting for potential confounders, with the exception of the association between grade of medial osteophytes and medial plateau area.With increasing severity of radiographic knee osteoarthritis, tibial plateau size increases. Whether this bone increase plays a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remains to be determined.
Multiparameter flow cytometric remission is the most relevant prognostic factor for multiple myeloma patients who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Bruno Paiva, Maria-Belén Vidriales, Jorge Cerveró, Gema Mateo, Jose J. Pérez, Maria A. Montalbán, Anna Sureda, Laura Montejano, Norma C. Gutiérrez, Alfonso García de Coca, Natalia de las Heras, Maria V. Mateos, Maria C. López-Berges, Raimundo García-Boyero, Josefina Galende, Jose Hernández, Luis Palomera, Dolores Carrera, Rafael Martínez, Javier de la Rubia, Alejandro Martín, Joan Bladé, Juan J. Lahuerta, Alberto Orfao, Jesús F. San Miguel
Journal: Blood (2008)
ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC MEMORY B CELL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Louise J. McHeyzer-Williams, Michael G. McHeyzer-Williams
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2004)

Helper T (Th) cell-regulated B cell immunity progresses in an ordered cascade of cellular development that culminates in the production of antigen-specific memory B cells. The recognition of peptide MHC class II complexes on activated antigen-presenting cells is critical for effective Th cell selection, clonal expansion, and effector Th cell function development (Phase I). Cognate effector Th cell-B cell interactions then promote the development of either short-lived plasma cells (PCs) or germinal centers (GCs) (Phase II). These GCs expand, diversify, and select high-affinity variants of antigen-specific B cells for entry into the long-lived memory B cell compartment (Phase III). Upon antigen rechallenge, memory B cells rapidly expand and differentiate into PCs under the cognate control of memory Th cells (Phase IV). We review the cellular and molecular regulators of this dynamic process with emphasis on the multiple memory B cell fates that develop in vivo.
Histocompatibility linked immune responsiveness and restrictions imposed on sensitized lymphocytes.
Authors: J F Miller, M A Vadas, A Whitelaw, J Gamble, C Bernard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) transfer to GAT was restricted by the I-A region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Sensitized cells from F1 hybrid mice between responder and nonresponder strains transferred DTH to syngeneic F1 mice and to naive parental strain recipients of the responder but not of the nonresponder haplotypes. These results are interpreted to favor the postulate that the MHC-linked Ir genes exert their effects by coding for components which allow interactions between particular I region gene products and the region to form stable structures immunogenic for DTH T cells.
Agranulocytosis in an Infant: Recovery
Authors: H. C. Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1941)

The following case appears to warrant record because of its severity and the part played by blood transfusion and pentnucleotide in recovery.Ca-e Rep)rt A girl aged I year and 11 months was admitted to hospital on November 16. 1940, obviously very ill.Dr. J. S. Topping, her doctor, gives the following account of her illness.She was seen first on October 25, 1940.She was pale, seemed ill, and would not put any weight on the left leg: she appeared to have pain in the left knee.She was put to bed, the left leg was wrapped in wool, and she was given 7 grains of sodium salicylate with 15 grains of sodium bicarbonate e v e r v four hours.
Determinants of Drug Disposition in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Pierre-Michel Huet, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

The effects of alterations of the hepatic blood flow, the intrinsic clearance, and the anatomy of the portal circulation on drug disposition were investigated in 53 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension using indocyanine green (ICG) and lidocaine as model drugs. ICG disposition was studied by sampling from an artery and one hepatic vein following i.v. injection, with determination of systemic and intrinsic clearances and hepatic blood flow. Lidocaine disposition was studied following i.v. and oral administration from peripheral vein disappearance curves, with determination of systemic and intrinsic clearances and systemic availability. The shunted fraction of intestinal blood flow (f) was measured from the combined ICG and lidocaine disposition studies. In the 53 patients, systemic clearances of ICG and lidocaine varied widely and were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.725, p &lt; 0.001). The systemic clearances of both ICG and lidocaine were not related to hepatic blood flow but were significantly correlated to their respective intrinsic clearances (for ICG: r = 0.948, p &lt; 0.001; for lidocaine: r = 0.873, p &lt; 0.001). Lidocaine systemic availability was also found to vary widely from 0.2 to 1.0. In 28 patients, f was &lt;0.1 indicating minimal extrahepatic shunting and in these patients, lidocaine systemic availability was related to its intrinsic clearance (r = -0.717, p &lt; 0.001); in the 25 other patients with significant extrahepatic shunting (f &gt; 0.1), the extent of lidocaine systemic availability was related to both intrinsic clearance (r = −0.819, p &lt; 0.001) and extrahepatic shunting (r = 0.913, p &lt; 0.001). It is concluded that, in patients with cirrhosis: (i) the disposition of drugs with intermediate-high hepatic extraction ratios is no longer influenced by hepatic blood flow but becomes limited by intrinsic clearance; and (ii) the decrease of intrinsic clearance plus extrahepatic shunting, when present, are responsible for the increased systemic availability of this type of drug.
Fracture Risk Associated with Inhaled Corticosteroid Use in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Todd A. Lee, Kevin B. Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequently treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). However, the impact of ICS use on fracture risk remains unclear in these patients. This nested case-control study examines the association between ICS use and nonvertebral fractures in Veterans Affairs patients with COPD. From a cohort of 40,157 patients with a COPD diagnosis between October 1, 1998 and September 30, 1999, and that used services in the preceding 12-month period but did not have a COPD diagnosis, 1,708 cases with nonvertebral fractures were identified and matched to 6,817 control patients. Patients were 94% male, and average age was 62.7 years. ICS exposure was identified through prescription records and converted to beclamethasone equivalents. In conditional logistic regression models, exposure to ICS at any time during follow-up was not associated with an increased fracture risk (adjusted odds ratio = 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.11). However, current high-dose ICS users (> or = 700 microg per day) had an increased risk of fractures compared with patients with no exposure (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.57). In patients with COPD, current use of high-dose ICS was associated with an increased risk of nonvertebral fractures.
Direct, fully intentional self-deception is also real
Authors: Christian Perring
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

An important way to become self-deceived, omitted by Mele, is by intentionally ignoring and avoiding the contemplation of evidence one has for an upsetting conclusion, knowing full well that one is giving priority to one's present peace of mind over the search for truth. Such intentional self-deception may be especially hard to observe scientifically.
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXVI. Current Progress in the Mammalian TRP Ion Channel Family
Authors: Long-Jun Wu, Tara-Beth Sweet, David E. Clapham
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2010)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large family of ion channel proteins, surpassed in number in mammals only by voltage-gated potassium channels. TRP channels are activated and regulated through strikingly diverse mechanisms, making them suitable candidates for cellular sensors. They respond to environmental stimuli such as temperature, pH, osmolarity, pheromones, taste, and plant compounds, and intracellular stimuli such as Ca<sup>2+</sup> and phosphatidylinositol signal transduction pathways. However, it is still largely unknown how TRP channels are activated in vivo. Despite the uncertainties, emerging evidence using TRP channel knockout mice indicates that these channels have broad function in physiology. Here we review the recent progress on the physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiological function of mammalian TRP channels.
Gender Effects on Persistent Cerebral Metabolite Changes in the Frontal Lobes of Abstinent Cocaine Users
Authors: L Chang, T Ernst, T Strickland, C M Mehringer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Previous studies found functional changes in the frontal brain region and regions with projections to the frontal lobe in cocaine users. The aim of this study was to investigate persistent neurochemical changes in the frontal lobes of subjects with a history of crack cocaine dependence and to determine whether these changes are different in male and female users.The frontal gray and white matter of 64 young asymptomatic and abstinent (> 5 months) cocaine users (34 male and 30 female) and 58 healthy comparison subjects without a history of drug abuse was evaluated with localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).Two-way analysis of variance showed significant cocaine effects on the concentration of frontal gray matter N-acetyl compounds, on the ratio of frontal white matter N-acetyl compounds to creatine levels, on frontal gray and white matter myoinositol levels, and on the ratio of myoinositol to creatine. Significant gender effects were observed for frontal gray matter choline-containing compounds, the ratio of choline-containing compounds to creatine, and the percentage of CSF in both gray and white matter. Interaction effects of cocaine and gender were observed for creatine, N-acetyl/creatine ratio, and myoinositol/creatine ratio in frontal white matter.Cocaine use is associated with neuronal injury (with decreased N-acetyl compounds) in the frontal cortex and glial activation (with increased myoinositol) in both frontal gray and white matter. In the frontal lobe, cocaine affects male users differently than female users. Future studies on the effects of cocaine abuse should control for the effects of gender-specific neurotoxicity.