tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Enoxaparin with Placebo for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Acutely Ill Medical Patients
Authors: Meyer Michel Samama, Alexander Thomas Cohen, Jean-Yves Darmon, Louis Desjardins, Amiram Eldor, Charles Janbon, Alain Leizorovicz, Hélène Nguyen, Carl-Gustav Olsson, Alexander Graham Turpie, Nadine Weisslinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis in patients with acute medical illnesses who may be at risk for venous thromboembolism have not been determined in adequately designed trials.In a double-blind study, we randomly assigned 1102 hospitalized patients older than 40 years to receive 40 mg of enoxaparin, 20 mg of enoxaparin, or placebo subcutaneously once daily for 6 to 14 days. Most patients were not in an intensive care unit. The primary outcome was venous thromboembolism between days 1 and 14, defined as deep-vein thrombosis detected by bilateral venography (or duplex ultrasonography) between days 6 and 14 (or earlier if clinically indicated) or documented pulmonary embolism. The duration of follow-up was three months.The primary outcome could be assessed in 866 patients. The incidence of venous thromboembolism was significantly lower in the group that received 40 mg of enoxaparin (5.5 percent [16 of 291 patients]) than in the group that received placebo (14.9 percent [43 of 288 patients]) (relative risk, 0.37; 97.6 percent confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.63; P< 0.001). The benefit observed with 40 mg of enoxaparin was maintained at three months. There was no significant difference in the incidence of venous thromboembolism between the group that received 20 mg of enoxaparin (43 of 287 patients [15.0 percent]) and the placebo group. The incidence of adverse effects did not differ significantly between the placebo group and either enoxaparin group. By day 110, 50 patients had died in the placebo group (13.9 percent), 51 had died in the 20-mg group (14.7 percent), and 41 had died in the 40-mg group (11.4 percent); the differences were not significant.Prophylactic treatment with 40 mg of enoxaparin subcutaneously per day safely and effectively reduces the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute medical illnesses.
Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplasia without abnormalities of chromosome 11q23 following treatment of acute leukemia with topoisomerase II-based chemotherapy
Authors: K Seiter, EJ Feldman, C Sreekantaiah, M Pozzuoli, J Weisberger, D Liu, C Papageorgio, M Weiss, R Kancherla, T Ahmed
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
Goodwill Shown Year-Round by Flying Santas
Authors: T. Parkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Goodwill Shown Year-Round by Flying Santas Get access Troy Parkins Troy Parkins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 24, December 1993, Pages 1990–1991, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.24.1990 Published: 01 December 1993
Methylmalonic Aciduria without Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>Deficiency in an Adult Sibship
Authors: Anthony J. Giorgio, Mason Trowbridge, Alan W. Boone, Roy S. Patten
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Two brothers 62 and 70 years old, without evidence of vitamin B12 lack, excreted 12 to 115 mg of methylmalonic acid daily (normal, less than 9 mg per day). Neither had anemia or hepatic dysfunction, and serum vitamin B12 concentrations ranged from 369 to 800 pg per milliliter. The propositus, the younger brother, continued to excrete excessive methylmalonate, 103 to 115 mg per day, after 2000 mug of parenterally administered vitamin B12 at the fifth and 11th months of study. Leukocyte activities of the cobalamin-linked enzyme methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase were respectively reduced in the propositus and his brother, to 0.04 and 0.11 nmoles of 3-(14)-C Ls methylmalonyl coenzyme A metabolized per hour per milligram of leukocyte protein (normal, 0.286 +/- 0.079 [S.D.]). These activities were not enhanced by 2 mug of 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin added to the assays. A heritable benign form of adult methylmalonic aciduria rather than vitamin B12 lack best explains these findings.
Unusual Appearance of Viable Liver on Tc-99m Mebrofenin Hepatobiliary Imaging
Authors: Adil M. Al-Nahhas, Andrew Kingsnorth
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 51-year-old woman with a known history of polycystic disease of the liver and kidneys presented with jaundice and abdominal pain. A Tc-99m mebrofenin hepatobiliary scan showed a 'Cupid-heart' shaped area of uptake in the right iliac fossa and pelvic cavity, which persisted throughout the study. CT scan images showed replacement of the left lobe and most of the right lobe of the liver with multiple-sized cysts, except for the inferior parts allowing for the unusual appearance. The scintigraphic diagnosis of cholestatic intrahepatic biliary obstruction was confirmed on laparotomy. This was associated with extra hepatic obstruction treated with hepaticojejunostomy.
P610 Wnt AND NOTCH REGULATE PROLIFERATION, MIGRATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN HEPATIC PROGENITOR CELLS AND CANINE LIVER ORGANOIDS
Authors: B.A. Schotanus, S. Nantasanti, M. Huch, L. Oosterhoff, H. Fieten, H.S. Kruitwagen, M. van Wolferen, G.C.M. Grinwis, R. Wubbolts, R.P. Favier, L.C. Penning, R.G.J. Vries, H. Clevers, J. Rothuizen, B. Spee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract 2890: Effects of calcium and vitamin D on markers of vitamin D metabolism in normal colon mucosa: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Thomas Ahearn, Marjorie L. McCullough, W. Dana Flanders, Qi Long, Jessica Fung, Anita Ofori-Addo, Shuva Dawadi, Roberd M. Bostick
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: In colon cancer cell lines and rodent models calcium and vitamin D favorably modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and affect and are affected by local expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), CYP27B1, and CYP24A1; however, the latter has not been investigated in humans. To evaluate the effects of supplemental calcium and vitamin D3 on VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 expression in the normal colorectal epithelium, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 2×2 factorial clinical trial. Methods: Ninety-two men and women with at least one pathology-confirmed sporadic colorectal adenoma were treated with calcium 2 g/day or vitamin D3 800 IU/day, alone or in combination vs. placebo over six months. VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 were detected in biopsies of normal-appearing colorectal mucosa using standardized automated immunohistochemistry, and their overall expression and distributions within the colon crypts were quantified by novel image analysis methods. The relative treatment effects were calculated and assessed using a MIXED effects model as implemented by SAS v9.2. Results: Relative to the placebo group, in the calcium + vitamin D3 group VDR expression increased 19% (p=0.13) along the full length of crypts, 19% (p=0.09) in the upper 40% (differentiation zone) of crypts, and 31 % (p=0.13) in the lower 60% (proliferation zone) of crypts. In the vitamin D3 only group CYP27B1 expression increased 259% (p=0.04) along the full length of crypts, 211% (p=0.04) in the upper 40% of crypts, and 210% (p=0.04) in the lower 60% of crypts. CYP24A1 expression along the full length of crypts decreased 21% (p=0.51) in the calcium group, and increased 65% (p=0.22) and 51% (p=0.37) in the vitamin D3 and calcium + vitamin D3 groups, respectively. Discussion: These preliminary results 1) suggest that, as hypothesized, calcium and vitamin D3, individually or in combination may modulate VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 expression in the normal-appearing human colorectal epithelium, which may promote normal patterns of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis; 2) provide further evidence to the potential importance of vitamin D metabolism and its autocrine/paracrine function in colorectal mucosa; 3) provide support for the efficacy of calcium and vitamin D3 in reducing risk for colorectal neoplasms; and 4) present the potential of the VDR and CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 as potential modifiable biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2890.
Consumer acceptance of patient-performed mobile teledermoscopy for the early detection of melanoma
Authors: C. Horsham, L.J. Loescher, D.C. Whiteman, H.P. Soyer, M. Janda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Mobile teledermoscopy allows consumers to send images of skin lesions to a teledermatologist for remote diagnosis. Currently, technology acceptance of mobile teledermoscopy by people at high risk of melanoma is unknown.We aimed to determine the acceptance of mobile teledermoscopy by consumers based on perceived usefulness, ease of use, compatibility, attitude/intention, subjective norms, facilitators and trust before use. Consumer satisfaction was explored after use.Consumers aged 50-64 years at high risk of melanoma (fair skin or previous skin cancer) were recruited from a population-based cohort study and via media announcements in Brisbane, Australia in 2013. The participants completed a 27-item questionnaire preteledermoscopy modified from a technology acceptance model. The first 49 participants with a suitable smartphone then conducted mobile teledermoscopy in their homes for early detection of melanoma and were asked to rate their satisfaction.The preteledermoscopy questionnaire was completed by 228 participants. Most participants (87%) agreed that mobile teledermoscopy would improve their skin self-examination performance and 91% agreed that it would be in their best interest to use mobile teledermoscopy. However, nearly half of participants (45%) were unsure about whether they had complete trust in the telediagnosis. The participants who conducted mobile teledermoscopy (n = 49) reported that the dermatoscope was easy to use (94%) and motivated them to examine their skin more often (86%). However, 18% could not take photographs in hard-to-see areas and 35% required help to submit the photograph to the teledermatologist.Mobile teledermoscopy consumer acceptance appears to be favourable. This new technology warrants further assessment for its utility in the early detection of melanoma or follow-up.
Gastric outlet obstruction syndrome due to an obstructed hepaticojejunostomy loop treated by one-step endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy
Authors: Bojan Kovacevic, Peter Vilmann, John Karstensen
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gastroenterostomy is an experimental procedure that is emerging as a minimally invasive alternative to surgical bypass and to luminal endoscopic stent placement [1] [2]. We report successful treatment of a 50-year-old woman who was referred with malignant obstruction of the afferent loop of a Roux-en-Y anastomosis due to local recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma following an earlier pancreaticoduodenectomy. Because the severely dilated afferent loop was compressing the stomach, sufficient nutrition was impossible. Additionally, the patient was jaundiced because of extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Abstract 2124: The analysis of EGFR genetic heterogeneity on mixed adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Nanae Tomonaga, Katsumi Nakatomi, Yoichi Nakamura Nakamura, Daiki Ogawara, Hiroaki Senju, Takaya Ikeda, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Seiji Doi, Tetsuya Iida, Tomayoshi Hayashi, Takeshi Nagayasu, Kazuhiro Tsukamoto, Shigeru Kohno
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor thyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring sensitive EGFR mutations. However, every patient eventually relapse even if the treatment of EGFR-TKIs was effective remarkably. It have been reported a secondary T790M mutation, MET amplification and some mechanisms attribute to the drug resistance. Intratumor EGFR genetic heterogeneity has also been considered as a potential cause of the acquired resistance. We previously reported a patient with mixed adenocarcinoma of the lung that had different EGFR mutations in papillary, acinar and BAC subtypes. In this study, we analyzed EGFR mutations in each histological subtypes of mixed adenocarcinoma after surgery and pre EGFR-TKIs treatment. Material and Methods: We recruited twelve mixed adenocarcinoma patients who were treated surgical therapy. Tumor cells in different histological subtypes were microdissected from paraffin-embedded surgical specimens with AS LMD system. Genomic DNA was extracted from each sampled area. EGFR mutations, limited to exon19 deletions and L858R mutations, were examined using the simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Results: Acinar, BAC and papillary sanmples were microdissected from six, ten and eleven tumor tissues. Exon19 deletions and L858R mutation were detected in five and one tissues. From acinar, BAC and papillary samples, one exon19 deletion, two exon19 deletions and three exon19 delitions and one L858R were detected. Out of the six mixed adenocarcinoma, five tissues consisted both mutated and non-mutated cells. Conclusions: Our results indicates that 41% of lung adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes have intratoumor genetic heterogeneity. EGFR mutations were detected most frequently in papillary samples. There may be some relations between histological subtype and EGFR mutation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2124.
Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Silent Myocardial Ischemia Due to Coronary Artery Spasm
Authors: R J Myerburg, K M Kessler, S M Mallon, M M Cox, E deMarchena, A Interian, A Castellanos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary atherosclerosis is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiac events, including sudden death. The relation between silent ischemia and the initiation of potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias has not been defined, however.
Randomized phase II trial of sunitinib four-week on and two-week off versus two-week on and one-week off in metastatic clear cell type renal cell carcinoma: RESTORE trial.
Authors: Jae-Lyun Lee, Min Kyoung Kim, Inkeun Park, Jin-Hee Ahn, Dae Ho Lee, Hun-Mo Ryoo, Cheryn Song, Bum-Sik Hong, Jun Hyuck Hong, Hanjong Ahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

427 Background: Standard sunitinib schedule, 4-week on followed by 2-week off (schedule 4/2), is associated with troublesome toxicities, and maintenance of sunitinib dose intensity has been challenging, especially in patients with Asian ethnicity. To determine the efficacy and safety of an alternative dosing schedule, 2-week on and 1-week off (schedule 2/1), we conducted a randomized phase II study. Methods: Treatment-naïve patients ≥18 years with clear cell type, mRCC were randomly assigned 1:1 to schedule 4/2 or schedule 2/1 after stratification for MSKCC risk group. The primary endpoint was failure-free survival (FFS) at 6 months. Results: From November 2007 to February 2014, 76 patients were enrolled (38 to schedule 4/2 and 38 to schedule 2/1). Two patients in schedule 4/2 were later found to be ineligible due to brain metastases and excluded from the analysis. FFS at 6 months was 44% in schedule 4/2 and 63% in schedule 2/1. Patients with schedule 2/1 were treated for a median of 7.7 months (95% CI, 3.0-12.3) of initial assigned schedule, while patients with schedule 4/2 were treated for a median of 5.7 months (95% CI, 5.0-6.5) (HR=0.54, 95% CI, 0.32-0.91, p=0.021). Seven patients in the schedule 4/2 crossed over to the schedule 2/1. Neutropenia (all grade 61% vs. 37%; grade 3-4 28% vs. 11%, p=0.0368) and fatigue (all grade 83% vs. 58%, p=0.0167) were more frequently observed with schedule 4/2. There is a strong tendency of lower incidence of mucositis (all grade, 86% vs.71%, p=0.116), and hand-foot syndrome (grade 3-4, 33% vs. 18%, p=0.143) and rash (all grade, 56% vs. 34%, p=0.0648) with schedule 2/1. Eighteen patients (ORR, 47%) in the schedule 2/1 achieved a partial response (PR) while one patient had a complete response and 11 patients had a PR (ORR, 36%, 95% CI) in the schedule 4/2. With a median follow-up duration of 47 months, the median time-to-progression was 15.1 months in the schedule 2/1 and 10.1 months in the schedule 4/2 (HR=0.69, 95% CI, 0.39-1.20). Conclusions: Sunitinib given with the schedule 2/1 is associated with less toxicity and longer FFS than the schedule 4/2 without compromising the efficacy in terms of ORR and PFS (NCT00570882). Clinical trial information: NCT00570882.
In Vivo Amplification and Rearrangement of c-myc Oncogene in Human Breast Tumors
Authors: M. Bonilla, M. Ramirez, J. Lopez-Cueto, P. Gariglio
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

We have studied the genomic organization of cellular myc (c-myc) proto-oncogene in 48 human primary breast tumors. Two types of alterations (amplification and rearrangement) were observed in 27 (56%) of the tumors studied. The c-myc proto-oncogene appeared to be amplified 2- to 15-fold in the DNA of 20 tumors (41%). Non-germ line c-myc-related fragments (rearrangements) of variable size were detected in 7 primary breast tumors (6 malignant, 1 benign); 4 of these tumors presented both rearrangement and amplification, and the other 3 presented rearrangement only. The majority of the tumors analyzed were invasive ductal adenocarcinomas; 58% of these showed c-myc locus genetic alterations. Although the c-myc alterations described here do not appear to correlate with the aggressive behavior of primary breast tumors, they seem to be associated with development of breast carcinoma.
PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE AMONG ASYMPTOMATIC KOREAN AND UNITED STATES ADULTS: A PROPENSITY-MATCHED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Donghee Han, Briain O. Hartaigh, Heidi Gransar, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyo Eun Park, Su-Yeon Choi, Jidong Sung, Tracy Callister, James Min, Hyuk-Jae Chang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 941: Elucidation of chemopreventive effects of aerosolized rapamycin and dietary myoinositol by mechanistic biomarkers in mouse lung
Authors: Sheela Sharma, Jin Lee, Brian Wong, Mark Sochaski, Phillip A. Dennis, Vernon E. Steele
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Rapamycin, an approved anti-rejection drug for patients undergoing organ transplantation, has shown antitumor activity in preclinical studies and clinical trials. However, concerns regarding the prevalence of pneumanitis in a small percentage of patients receiving the drug by injection have prompted us to test an alternative route of administration. Myoinositol is another agent that has shown excellent chemopreventive activity both in preclinical and clinical settings and is very well tolerated in humans. The objective of the current study is to investigate whether aerosolized rapamycin or myoinositol fortified diet can inhibit two key biomarkers of lung cancer, activated Akt and mTOR, in lungs and test the feasibility of two dosing regimens (continuous or intermittent dosing) on the same biomarker expression at multiple time points after the last dosing. Female A/J mice (8 wks old) were exposed to 5 different doses of myoinositol (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3 and 1% diet) or rapamycin by inhalation (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) continuously for 5 days or every other day for 3 days in two separate experiments. After the last exposure, blood concentration (measured by GC-MS) and effect of each agent on phosphorylated-AKT (phospho-AKT at Thr308) and mTOR (phospho-S6 at Ser235/236) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. There was a good correlation between the dose-dependent increase in blood concentration of myoinositol (20 − 255 μM) or rapamycin (0.033-1.75 μM) and corresponding dose-dependent decrease in the expression of phospho-AKT (21-85%) and mTOR (10-69%) or phospho-AKT (54-60%) and mTOR (28-73%), respectively, in the lung compared to untreated controls. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between the two regimens in reducing the biomarker expression by either myoinositol or rapamycin and the expression levels continued to remain the same for up to 3 days after the last exposure or treatment. No toxicity was observed during or after the exposure and all animals showed normal body weight gain. In conclusion, this study showed that both rapamycin and myoinositol showed significant inhibition of phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR expression from the basal level (AIN-76A diet control for myoinositol or air control for rapamycin) and that both these agents can be administered intermittently instead of continuously to observe similar effects. In addition, subsequent cancer prevention studies that are planned by administering agents at selected intervals should reduce or eliminate any associated toxicities from long term exposures (Supported by NCI #N01-CN-53301). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 941.