tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Injury Outcomes in Racial/Ethnic Minorities in California
Authors: Michelle Ramirez, David C. Chang, Stephen W. Bickler
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2012)

Differences in health outcomes are well documented in adult racial/ethnic minorities. We hypothesize that similar differences exist in pediatric racial/ethnic minorities because their care is a function of their parents' access. We investigated this issue by examining pediatric injury outcomes in California.Retrospective analysis of the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development hospital discharge database.Sample of all California hospitalized patients.In a sample of patients aged 18 years or younger at admission, injury patients were defined as having International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, primary diagnosis codes between 800 and 959, with certain exclusions, from January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2010.Adjusted risk of in-hospital death, controlling for age, sex, injury severity measured by survival risk ratio, Charlson comorbidity index, insurance status, admission year, teaching hospital status, and mechanism of injury.A total of 47 000 pediatric patients were identified. Bivariate analysis showed a significant difference in mortality by race/ethnicity among non-Hispanic whites (0.8%), blacks (1.2%), Hispanics (1.1%), Asians (1.2%), and American Indians/others (0.6%) (P = .01). However, with the exception of Asians (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.90), adjusted odds ratios of death relative to non-Hispanic whites for blacks (1.33; 0.71-2.46), Hispanics (1.06; 0.71-1.58), and American Indians/others (0.60; 0.17-2.10) showed no significant differences.Unlike previous studies that have shown that adult racial/ethnic minorities (age, 18-64 years) have higher mortality relative to non-Hispanic whites, our study demonstrated no significant racial/ethnic differences among pediatric patients with injuries. It may be that differential access does not exist for children. In addition, it may also be possible that the diversity in California leads to culturally competent care and such care has been reported to improve patient outcomes.
Liver changes in porphyria cutanea tarda patients treated with chloroquine
Authors: A. CHLUMSKA, J. CHLUMSKY, L. MALINA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

In thirty-four patients with porphyria cutanea tarda treated with small doses of chloroquine, liver biopsies were performed before and after treatment. In seventeen cases (50%) the morphological patterns before treatment corresponded to unstabilized fibrosis, while in eleven (32.4%) there were non-specific changes in the form of focal fatty change, haemosiderosis, and mild fibrosis of the portal tracts. Active chronic hepatitis was found in three patients (8.8%), and cirrhosis also in three cases. Although in all patients a clinical and metabolic remission of porphyria cutanea tarda occurred during treatment, the morphological patterns in the liver parenchyma remained on the whole unchanged. Only in five cases was there an increase in the inflammatory changes, while in two patients these changes tended to disappear.
The Prevention of Hepatitis B with Vaccine
Authors: DONALD P. FRANCIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A randomized, double-blind, vaccine/placebo trial of the Merck 20-µg hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine was done among 1402 homosexual men attending venereal disease clinics in five American cities. Vaccination was followed by only minimal side effects. Two doses of vaccine induced antibody in 80% of vaccine recipients. A booster dose 6 months after the first dose induced antibody in 85% of recipients and markedly increased the proportion of recipients who produced high antibody titers. The incidence of HBV events was markedly less in the vaccine recipients compared to that in the placebo recipients (p = 0.0004). Between month 3 and 15 after the first dose, 56 more significant HBV events (hepatitis, or hepatitis B surface antigen positive, or both) occurred in the placebo group while only 11 occurred in the vaccine group. Ten of the 11 HBV events in the vaccine recipients occurred in hypo- or nonresponders to the vaccine. This vaccine appears to be safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in preventing infection with hepatitis B virus.
Randomised trial of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on infectious morbidity in patients with multiple trauma
Authors: Alexander PJ Houdijk, Emmy R Rijnsburger, Jaap Jansen, Robert IC Wesdorp, Jeffery K Weiss, Mark A McCamish, Tom Teerlink, Stephan GM Meuwissen, Henk J Th M Haarman, Lambertus G Thijs, Paul AM van Leeuwen
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
Awareness of driving while sleepy and road traffic accidents: prospective study in GAZEL cohort
Authors: Hermann Nabi, Alice Guéguen, Mireille Chiron, Sylviane Lafont, Marie Zins, Emmanuel Lagarde
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To examine the association between self assessed driving while sleepy and the risk of serious road traffic accidents (RTAs). <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> France. <b>Participants</b> 13 299 of the 19 894 living members of the GAZEL cohort, workers and recent retirees of a French national utility company followed up since 1989. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Frequency of driving while sleepy in the previous 12 months, reported in 2001; rate ratios for serious RTAs in 2001-3, estimated by using generalised linear Poisson regression models with time dependent covariates. <b>Results</b> The risk of serious RTAs increased proportionally with the frequency of self reported driving while sleepy. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, driving behaviour variables, work conditions, retirement, medical conditions and treatments, depressive symptoms, and sleep disorders, the adjusted rate ratios of serious RTAs for participants who reported driving while sleepy in the previous 12 months “a few times” or “once a month or more often” were 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.0) and 2.9 (1.3 to 6.3) respectively compared with those who reported not driving while sleepy over the same period. These associations were not explained by any reported sleep disorders. <b>Conclusions</b> Self assessed driving while sleepy was a powerful predictor of serious RTAs, suggesting that drivers9 awareness of their sleepiness while driving is not sufficient to prevent them from having RTAs. Messages on prevention should therefore focus on convincing sleepy drivers to stop driving and sleep before resuming their journey.
Myocardial glucose utilization. Failure of adenosine to alter it and inhibition by the adenosine analogue N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine.
Authors: W E Dale, C C Hale, H D Kim, M J Rovetto
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The effects of adenosine and the nonmetabolizable adenosine analogue N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA) on glucose transport or metabolism were determined in purified myocardial sarcolemmal vesicles, isolated cardiocytes, and perfused hearts. Adenosine (100 microM) did not affect hexose transport in myocytes. Also, adenosine deaminase, added to metabolize adenosine to inosine, did not alter transport of hexose into myocytes regardless of whether or not insulin was present. In contrast, PIA effectively inhibited 3-O-methyl-D-glucose uptake in myocytes even during insulin stimulation. PIA inhibited D-glucose-specific transport in both rat and bovine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles (Ki = 26 microM at [D-glucose] = 5 mM). However, insulin did not affect glucose transport in sarcolemmal vesicles, which implies that receptor-coupled processes probably are not intact in this preparation. Thus, inhibition of PIA may not be receptor mediated. Also, PIA inhibited binding of cytochalasin B to bovine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles, which supports the idea that PIA inhibits glucose flux by binding to the glucose transporter. To determine if adenosine altered glucose metabolism rather than transport, we measured the rate of 3H2O production from metabolism of D-[2-3H]glucose in paced rat hearts ([D-glucose] = 5.5 mM, [pyruvate] = 0.2 mM) perfused with a range of PIA or adenosine concentrations with or without 0.01 microM insulin. Adenosine (0.01-100 microM) in the presence or absence of insulin increased coronary flow but did not change glycolytic rates. Similar results were obtained with PIA (no insulin) rather than adenosine in the perfusate. However, with glucose as the only exogenous substrate, 100 microM PIA inhibited glycolysis by approximately 50%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1134. Intratumoral Injection of Dendritic Cells Engineered to Secrete Interleukin-12 by Recombinant Adenovirus in Patients with Metastatic Gastrointestinal Carcinomas
Authors: Guillermo D. Mazzolini, Carlos Alfaro, Bruno Sangro, Esperanza Feijoo, Juan Ruiz, Alberto Benito, Inigo Tirapu, Ainhoa Arina, Josu Sola, Maite Herraiz, Felipe Lucena, Cristina Olague, Jose Subtil, Jorge Quiroga, Ignacio Herrero, Belen Sadaba, Maurizio Bendandi, Cheng Qian, Jesus Prieto, Ignacio Melero
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Two monoclonal antibodies generated against human hsp60 show reactivity with synovial membranes of patients with juvenile chronic arthritis.
Authors: C J Boog, E R de Graeff-Meeder, M A Lucassen, R van der Zee, M M Voorhorst-Ogink, P J van Kooten, H J Geuze, W van Eden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Heat-shock proteins have been shown to be critical antigens in a number of autoimmune diseases. In human arthritis and in experimentally induced arthritis in animals, disease development was seen to coincide with development of immune reactivity directed against not only bacterial hsp60, but also against its mammalian homologue. We have developed murine monoclonal antibodies after immunization with recombinant human hsp60. Antibodies with unique specificity for mammalian hsp60, not crossreactive with the bacterial counterpart (LK1), and antibodies recognizing both human and bacterial hsp60 (LK2) were selected. Both antibodies recognize epitopes located between amino acid positions 383 and 447 of human hsp60. In immunogold electron microscopy, the mitochondrial localization of hsp60 in HepG2 cells was shown. Furthermore, both LK1 and LK2 showed a raised level of staining in light microscopy immunohistochemistry of synovial membranes in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis. The increased staining for LK1, with a unique specificity for mammalian hsp60, thus unequivocally demonstrates that this is due to a raised level of expression of endogenously produced host hsp60 and not to deposition of bacterial antigens.
CDX2 Regulates <i>Multidrug Resistance 1</i> Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
Authors: Yuji Takakura, Takao Hinoi, Naohide Oue, Tatsunari Sasada, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Masazumi Okajima, Aytekin Akyol, Eric R. Fearon, Wataru Yasui, Hideki Ohdan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2 has a key role in intestinal development and differentiation. CDX2 heterozygous mutant mice develop colonic polyps, and loss of CDX2 expression is seen in a subset of colon carcinomas in humans. Ectopic CDX2 expression in the stomach of transgenic mice promotes intestinal metaplasia, and CDX2 expression is frequently detected in intestinal metaplasia in the stomach and esophagus. We sought to define CDX2-regulated genes to enhance knowledge of CDX2 function. HT-29 colorectal cancer cells have minimal endogenous CDX2 expression, and HT-29 cells with ectopic CDX2 expression were generated. Microarray-based gene expression studies revealed that the Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein/ABCB1) gene was activated by CDX2. Evidence that the MDR1 gene was a direct transcriptional target of CDX2 was obtained, including analyses with MDR1 reporter gene constructs and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RNA interference-mediated inhibition of CDX2 decreased endogenous MDR1 expression. In various colorectal cancer cell lines and human tissues, endogenous MDR1 expression was well correlated to CDX2 expression. Overexpression of CDX2 in HT-29 cells revealed increased resistance to the known substrate of MDR1, vincristine and paclitaxel, which was reversed by an MDR1 inhibitor, verapamil. These data indicate that CDX2 directly regulates MDR1 gene expression through binding to elements in the promoter region. Thus, CDX2 is probably important for basal expression of MDR1, regulating drug excretion and absorption in the lower gastrointestinal tract, as well as for multidrug resistance to chemotherapy reagent in CDX2-positive gastrointestinal cancers.
IL-25 Causes Apoptosis of IL-25R–Expressing Breast Cancer Cells Without Toxicity to Nonmalignant Cells
Authors: Saori Furuta, Yung-Ming Jeng, Longen Zhou, Lan Huang, Irene Kuhn, Mina J. Bissell, Wen-Hwa Lee
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

As cells differentiate into tissues, the microenvironment that surrounds these cells must cooperate so that properly organized, growth-controlled tissues are developed and maintained. We asked whether substances produced from this collaboration might thwart malignant cells if they arise in the vicinity of normal tissues. Here, we identified six factors secreted by nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells (MECs) differentiating in three-dimensional laminin-rich gels that exert cytotoxic activity on breast cancer cells. Among these, interleukin-25 (IL-25/IL-17E) had the highest anticancer activity without affecting nonmalignant MECs. Apoptotic activity of IL-25 was mediated by differential expression of its receptor, IL-25R, which was expressed in high amounts in tumors from patients with poor prognoses but was low in nonmalignant breast tissue. In response to IL-25, the IL-25R on the surface of breast cancer cells activated caspase-mediated apoptosis. Thus, the IL-25/IL-25R signaling pathway may serve as a new therapeutic target for advanced breast cancer.
Boning up on vitamin K
Authors: J E COMPSTON
Journal: Gut (2001)

See article on page 473 

The nature and significance of the relationship between vitamin K status and bone health has been debated for some years. Vitamin K is required for the gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in three bone proteins, namely osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein, and protein S. Although the roles of these proteins have not been clearly defined, there is evidence that osteocalcin, which is produced by cells of the osteocyte/osteoblast lineage and has three vitamin K dependent gamma carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues, may be involved in the mineralisation of bone matrix1; in addition, it may function as a negative regulator of bone formation, deletion of the osteocalcin gene in mice resulting in increased bone mass.2 Approximately 30% of synthesised osteocalcin is released into the circulation and serum levels of the protein are widely used as an indicator of bone formation.3 Vitamin K deficiency is associated with a reduction in circulating osteocalcin concentrations and a decrease in the …
Injury risk for goalkeepers in norwegian male professional football
Authors: E Strand, T Krosshaug, T E Andersen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The role of goalkeepers differs considerably from that of outfield players, but there are no previous studies specifically investigating their injury risk. Objective To investigate injury patterns, identify high-risk situations and describe injury mechanism for goalies. Design Prospective cohort study. Participants 12 male goalkeepers from five of 14 teams in the Norwegian male professional league. Methods Injury information and exposure data were collected for one competitive season, from April until mid-November 2008. Video recordings from 178 of 182 matches were analyzed to identify high-risk injury situations and to describe injury mechanisms. Results A total of 43 injuries were registered. The injury incidence was 27.9 per 1000 playing hours (95% CI 25.8 to 30.4) during matches, 23.6 (21.2 to 26.7) for specific goalkeeper training and 9.1 (8.3 to 10.1) during other football training (RR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.3 specific goalkeeper training compared to football training). Injuries to the upper extremities accounted for 36% of all injuries. The most frequent overuse injury location was the shoulder. Video analysis identified two high-risk situations during matches: 1) Duel in the airspace in front of goal after a cross pass, where the goalkeeper was hit in the stomach/chest by the opponent's shoulder/upper arm. 2) Duel where the goalkeeper collided with the opponent when coming out to save a backroom pass and the goalkeeper was hit in stomach/chest or the knee by the opponent's foot or knee. Video analysis did not reveal any typical mechanism of injury. Conclusion This study provides novel information about injuries and high-risk situations for goalkeepers. Football goalies have higher injury risk during specific goalkeeper training compared to football training. Two high-risk situations for goalkeepers in matches were identified.
The individual-tailored treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Taisiya Ivanushkina, Sergey Borisov, Natalia Litvinova, Yulia Garmash
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background. MDR-TB treatment based, in common case, on K/Cap, Ofl/Lev, Pt, Cs, PAS and, depend on the drug-resistance pattern (DRP), E and/or Z. But the adequate chemotherapy regimen (min 3-4 drugs) is often impossible due to the DRP and/or drugs intolerance.  Aims. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the individual-tailored regimens (ITR) for new and re-treatment TB patients, based on total both express and liquid and solid media DST and accessibility to TB drugs of the all lines (the present Moscow TB Control Center setting).  Methods. The prospective unblinded non-randomized one-centered study includes 66 pulmonary TB patients, 18-71 y.o., 40 male and 26 female. MDR-TB in 38 pts (14 new and 24 re-treatment), XDR-TB in 28 (4 and 24). The ITR included in all cases first/second-line TB drugs (accordingly DRP and drug tolerance) and linezolid (Lz), in 42 pts moxifloxacin (Mox) was used and azithromycin (Az) / clarithromycin (Cl), meropenem (Mrn) / imipenem + cilastatin must be added.  Results. The sputum smear conversion for MDR-TB pts - 97,4% (37/38, 36 - at the end of the 8th week) and for XDR-TB - 82,1% (23/28, 20 - at the end of the 16th week). The severe side-effects, attributed to Lz, were obtained in 5 pts (7,6%): peroneal neuropathy (3 pts, Lz excluded in 1), obstinate vomiting (1 pts, Lz excluded) and anemia (2 pts, Lz continued). The severe tachycardia, attributed to Az, were obtained in 1 pts (Az excluded).  Conclusion. The regimens, based on second-line TB-drugs (include Mox) and drugs from the WHOs fifth group are well-tolerated and high effective in MDR- and XDR-TB, but require the timely drug susceptibility testing and the full set of the expensive drugs.
Hormonal Etiology of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, With a Hypothesis Concerning the Role of Androgens and Progesterone
Authors: H. A. Risch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

In the United States, ovarian cancer is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer death among women, following lung, breast, and colorectal cancers. Each year, approximately 26 000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 14 000 die of it. Germline mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, or other genes have been implicated in a small fraction of cases. However, it has been suggested that, for the great majority of patients, the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer could be related to "incessant ovulation" (i.e., to the chronically repeated formation of stromal epithelial clefts and inclusion cysts following ovulation) or to some type of hormonal stimulation of ovarian epithelial cells, either on the surface of the ovary or within ovarian inclusion cysts, possibly mediated through excessive gonadotropin secretion. From the evidence to date, the relative importance of these two hypotheses— incessant ovulation and gonadotropin stimulation— cannot be distinguished. While either or both may play a role in the development of ovarian cancer, it appears that an additional major factor must also be involved. The purpose of this review is to evaluate evidence for and against the incessant ovulation and gonadotropin hypotheses, as well as to consider the possibility that risk of ovarian cancer may be increased by factors associated with excess androgenic stimulation of ovarian epithelial cells and may be decreased by factors related to greater progesterone stimulation. Many features of the evidence bearing on the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer appear to support a connection with androgens and progesterone.
Metastatic Insulinoma: Current Molecular and Cytotoxic Therapeutic Approaches for Metastatic Well-Differentiated panNETs
Authors: Iulia Giuroiu, Diane Reidy-Lagunes
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs) are a type of neuroendocrine tumor with 5-year overall survival rates of approximately 50% when metastasis is present at diagnosis. Tumor grade, as defined by Ki-67 proliferation index, influences overall survival, with low-grade tumors portending a better outcome than intermediate- and high-grade tumors. This case report follows the clinical course and management of a patient with an insulin-secreting metastatic panNET who died 10 years after diagnosis after a treatment course with regional therapy and multiple forms of cytotoxic and molecularly targeted agents. This report presents the various treatment options available for patients with insulin-secreting metastatic panNETs.
Early pulmonary rehabilitation for exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease (CRD): Functional results
Authors: Theresa Harvey-Dunstan, Neil Greening, Johanna Williams, John Bankart, Syed Hussain, Emma Chaplin, Emma Vincent, Rudo Chimera, Mike Morgan, Sally Singh, Michael Steiner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Exacerbations are important events in the natural history of CRD (AE), which early pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may benefit.

Aim: Determine the effects of an early PR programme delivered during, & immediately after, an AE of CRD on exercise capacity and quadriceps strength.

Methods: A single-blinded, randomised control trial of early PR, including a home component, versus usual care. Outcome measures; incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) & quadriceps muscle strength (QMVC). These were taken at baseline(QMVC only), discharge, 6 weeks & 3 months.

Results: 389 subjects were recruited. Significant improvements in ISWT & ESWT at 3 months were seen in both groups (p<0.05). No difference was seen between groups (p=NS). There was a non-significant trend for early improvement in the PR group during the intervention period. See Table1 & Figure1.

View this table:

Table 1





![Figure][1] 



Conclusion: Significant recovery in function was seen in both groups. Early PR did not improve function at 3 months over usual care, though a trend was seen for accelerated recovery at 6 weeks.

 [1]: pending:yes
Alterations in potassium channel gene expression in atria of patients with persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: differential regulation of protein and mRNA levels for K+channels
Authors: Bianca J.J.M Brundel, Isabelle C Van Gelder, Robert H Henning, Anton E Tuinenburg, Mirian Wietses, Jan G Grandjean, Arthur A.M Wilde, Wiek H Van Gilst, Harry J.G.M Crijns
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)