tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OCEANS: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Trial of Chemotherapy With or Without Bevacizumab in Patients With Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal, or Fallopian Tube Cancer
Authors: Carol Aghajanian, Stephanie V. Blank, Barbara A. Goff, Patricia L. Judson, Michael G. Teneriello, Amreen Husain, Mika A. Sovak, Jing Yi, Lawrence R. Nycum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose This randomized, multicenter, blinded, placebo-controlled phase III trial tested the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab (BV) with gemcitabine and carboplatin (GC) compared with GC in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer (ROC). Patients and Methods Patients with platinum-sensitive ROC (recurrence ≥ 6 months after front-line platinum-based therapy) and measurable disease were randomly assigned to GC plus either BV or placebo (PL) for six to 10 cycles. BV or PL, respectively, was then continued until disease progression. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) by RECIST; secondary end points were objective response rate, duration of response (DOR), overall survival, and safety. Results Overall, 484 patients were randomly assigned. PFS for the BV arm was superior to that for the PL arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.484; 95% CI, 0.388 to 0.605; log-rank P &lt; .0001); median PFS was 12.4 v 8.4 months, respectively. The objective response rate (78.5% v 57.4%; P &lt; .0001) and DOR (10.4 v 7.4 months; HR, 0.534; 95% CI, 0.408 to 0.698) were significantly improved with the addition of BV. No new safety concerns were noted. Grade 3 or higher hypertension (17.4% v &lt; 1%) and proteinuria (8.5% v &lt; 1%) occurred more frequently in the BV arm. The rates of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were similar in both arms. Two patients in the BV arm experienced GI perforation after study treatment discontinuation. Conclusion GC plus BV followed by BV until progression resulted in a statistically significant improvement in PFS compared with GC plus PL in platinum-sensitive ROC.
Survival, hypothalamic obesity, and neuropsychological/psychosocial status after childhood-onset craniopharyngioma: newly reported long-term outcomes
Authors: Anthe S. Sterkenburg, Anika Hoffmann, Ursel Gebhardt, Monika Warmuth-Metz, Anna M.M. Daubenbüchel, Hermann L. Müller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Quality of life (QoL) and long-term prognosis are frequently, and often severely, impaired in craniopharyngioma (CP) patients. Knowledge of risk factors for long-term outcome is important for optimization of treatment.Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), body mass index (BMI), neuropsychological status (EORTCQLQ-C30, MFI-20), and psychosocial status were analyzed in 261 patients with childhood-onset CP diagnosed before 2000 and longitudinally observed in HIT-Endo.Twenty-year OS was lower (P = .006) in CP with hypothalamic involvement (HI) (n = 132; 0.84 ± 0.04) when compared with CP without HI (n = 82; 0.95 ± 0.04). OS was not related to degree of resection, sex, age at diagnosis, or year of diagnosis (before/after 1990). PFS (n = 168; 0.58 ± 0.05) was lower in younger patients (<5 y at diagnosis) (n = 30; 0.39 ± 0.10) compared with patients aged 5-10 years (n = 66; 0.52 ± 0.08) and older than 10 years (n = 72; 0.77 ± 0.06) at diagnosis. PFS was not associated with HI, degree of resection, or sex. HI led to severe weight gain during the first 8-12 years of follow-up (median BMI increase: +4.59SD) compared with no HI (median increase: +1.20SD) (P = .00). During >12 years of follow-up, patients with HI presented no further increase in BMI. QoL in CP patients with HI was impaired by obesity, physical fatigue, reduced motivation, dyspnea, diarrhea, and nonoptimal psychosocial development.OS and QoL are impaired by HI in long-term survivors of CP. HI is associated with severe obesity, which plateaus after 12 years. OS/PFS are not related to degree of resection, but gross-total resection should be avoided in cases of HI to prevent further hypothalamic damage, which exacerbates sequelae.
Randomized phase III trial of carboplatin(C) plus etoposide (E) vs. split doses of cisplatin (P) plus etoposide (E) in elderly or poor-risk patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC): JCOG9702
Authors: H. Okamoto, K. Watanabe, H. Kunikane, A. Yokoyama, S. Kudoh, N. Ishizuka, H. Fukuda, T. Tamura, N. Saijo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

LBA7010 Background: We have reported that CE is an active and less toxic regimen in elderly patients (pts) with SCLC (Okamoto et al. J Clin Oncol 1999). However, other clinical trials have indicated that the combination chemotherapy of reduced or split doses of P plus E (SPE) can be safely and effectively administered in elderly or poor-risk pts with SCLC (Westeel et al. J Clin Oncol 1998). Therefore, we conducted a phase III trial comparing CE with SPE in elderly or poor-risk pts with SCLC. Methods: Eligibility criteria included; untreated; ED-SCLC or limited disease (LD) with pleural effusion; age ≥70 and performance status (PS) 0–2, or age<70 and PS 3. Pts were randomized to receive either CE or SPE with minimization method balancing center, PS (0–1 vs. 2–3) and age (≥70 vs. <70). Both regimens were given in a 21-day cycle for up to 4 courses. CE comprised C (AUC 5) iv day 1 and E 80mg/m2 iv days 1–3. PE comprised P 25 mg/m2 iv days 1–3 and E 80mg/m2 iv days 1–3. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) to be compared by log-rank test. Assuming 110 eligible pts in each arm, the study had 80% power to detect 0.67 hazard ratio for CE to SPE in OS at 0.05 two-sided alpha. Results: Between Aug 1998 and Feb 2004, 220 pts were randomized. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the arms; median age 74 years (92% of pts ≥ 70 years), >5% weight loss: 29%, male/female: 88/12%, PS 0–1/2–3: 74/26%. Of these 62% in CE and 65% in SPE completed 4 courses. Most toxicities except for thrombocytopenia were similar between the arms. Major Gr3–4 toxicities were (%CE/SPE): leukopenia 54/50, neutropenia 95/88, anemia 30/24, thrombocytopenia 55/16, infection 7/6, hypoxemia 7/3. Gr ≥2 toxicities were (%CE/SPE): nausea/vomiting 24/28, diarrhea 9/4, alopecia 21/14. TRD occurred in 2 pts for CE and 1 pt for SPE. Data for efficacy endpoints (OS, progression-free survival, response rate, palliation score) will be available for the final analysis at Feb 2005. Conclusions: To be reached after the final analysis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in an Estimated Measure of Insulin Resistance Among Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kirstie K. Danielson, Melinda L. Drum, Carmela L. Estrada, Rebecca B. Lipton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance is greater in racial/ethnic minorities than in non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) for those with and without type 2 diabetes. Because previous research on insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes was limited to NHWs, racial/ethnic variation in an estimated measure of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes was determined. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The sample included 79 individuals with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at age &amp;lt;18 years (32.9% NHWs, 46.8% non-Hispanic black [NHB], 7.6% other/mixed, and 12.7% Hispanic) and their families. Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) (milligrams per kilogram per minute; a lower eGDR indicates greater insulin resistance) was calculated using A1C, waist circumference, and hypertension status. RESULTS Mean current age was 13.5 years (range 3.2–32.5) and diabetes duration was 5.7 years (0.1–19.9). eGDR was inversely associated with age. Compared with that in NHWs, age-adjusted eGDR was significantly lower among nonwhites (NHB, other/mixed, and Hispanic: Δ = −1.83, P = 0.0006). Age-adjusted eGDR was negatively associated with body fat, triglycerides, urinary albumin/creatinine, acanthosis nigricans, parental obesity, and parental insulin resistance and positively related to HDL and sex hormone–binding globulin. In multivariable analysis, lower eGDR was significantly associated with older age, nonwhite race/ethnicity, acanthosis, and lower HDL. CONCLUSIONS Minorities with type 1 diabetes are significantly more insulin resistant, as measured by eGDR, than NHWs. Exploring potential mechanisms, including disparities in care and/or physiological variation, may contribute to preventing racial/ethnic differences in insulin resistance–associated outcomes.
Distribution of <i>Malassezia</i> species in pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis in Greece. Typing of the major pityriasis versicolor isolate <i>M. globosa</i>
Authors: G. Gaitanis, A. Velegraki, E.C. Alexopoulos, V. Chasapi, A. Tsigonia, A. Katsambas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Distribution of Malassezia species in pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis in Greece. Typing of the major pityriasis versicolor isolate M. globosa Get access G. Gaitanis, G. Gaitanis Mycology Laboratory, Microbiology DepartmentDermatology Clinic, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece George Gaitanis, Mikras Asias 75‐77, Athens 115 27, Greece. E‐mail: ggaitanis@med.uoa.gr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Velegraki, A. Velegraki Mycology Laboratory, Microbiology Department Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.C. Alexopoulos, E.C. Alexopoulos Mycology Laboratory, Microbiology Department Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Chasapi, V. Chasapi 3rd Dermatology Department, 'A. Sygros' Hospital, Athens, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Tsigonia, A. Tsigonia School of Health and Welfare, Technological Educational Institute, Athens, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Katsambas A. Katsambas Dermatology Clinic, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 5, 1 May 2006, Pages 854–859, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07114.x Published: 01 May 2006 Article history Accepted: 28 September 2005 Published: 01 May 2006
Measuring and enhancing elective service performance in NHS operating theatres: an overview
Authors: Erik Mayer, Omar Faiz, Thanos Athanasiou, Charles Vincent
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Between April 2005 and April 2006 approximately seven million operations were performed on patients admitted to hospitals in England and Wales.1 Just over half of these procedures were carried out as day cases and nearly one million were classified as emergency cases.

Operating theatres are core business in healthcare; they are a source of significant financial overheads, despite their potential for generating essential revenue. In the 2005/06 financial period the average annual cost of running a single operating theatre in Scottish NHS Trusts for 27 hours per week was £1.1 million.2 Optimizing the utilization of such an expensive resource is clearly economically desirable. In addition to potential financial benefits, the political pressures on NHS waiting lists serve to amplify the importance of effecting efficient theatre usage. If current government plans for a progressive reduction in waiting times are set to continue, national theatre output will need to be enhanced. Methods that aim to expand surgical output include: a greater shift towards ambulatory operating3,4 the development of new NHS and independent sector Treatment Centres5,6 and an enhancement of main theatre productivity in acute Trusts.7 Today's government has targeted all of the above areas through a number of national initiatives.

The appropriateness of current measures of theatre performance is unsubstantiated. The first part of this article explores commonly used existing measures of theatre performance; reflects on their limitations and possible alternatives. The remainder of the article discusses strategies by which theatre productivity and hence performance can be improved.
Modern Christian healing of mental illness
Authors: A R Favazza
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

Healing of mental illness through religious practices was a key element of early Christianity. In the early twentieth century such healing was associated with blue-collar and rural Fundamentalists, but religious healing practices have gained widespread acceptance by many middle-class, conservative Christian groups. "Evil demons" are now equated with envy, pride, avarice, hatred, and obsessions with alcohol and gambling. Many psychotherapeutic techniques of modern Christian healers appear to be rediscoveries of psychoanalytic insights expressed in religious metaphors. Most responsible healers encourage clients to seek medical and psychiatric help, especially for serious mental disorders. Psychiatrists need not share patients' religious beliefs, but for treatment to be effective these beliefs must be understood and respected.
CYTOKINE REGULATION OF HOST DEFENSE AGAINST PARASITIC GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES:Lessons from Studies with Rodent Models<sup>*</sup>
Authors: Fred D. Finkelman, Terez Shea-Donohue, Jon Goldhill, Carolyn A. Sullivan, Suzanne C. Morris, Kathleen B. Madden, William C. Gause, Joseph F. Urban
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1997)

▪ Abstract Studies with rodents infected with Trichinella spiralis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and Trichuris muris have provided considerable information about immune mechanisms that protect against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes. Four generalizations can be made: 1. CD4 + T cells are critical for host protection; 2. IL-12 and IFN-γ inhibit protective immunity; 3. IL-4 can: (a) be required for host protection, (b) limit severity of infection, or (c) induce redundant protective mechanisms; and 4. Some cytokines that are stereotypically produced in response to gastrointestinal nematode infections fail to enhance host protection against some of the parasites that elicit their production. Host protection is redundant at two levels: 1. IL-4 has multiple effects on the immune system and on gut physiology (discussed in this review), more than one of which may protect against a particular parasite; and 2. IL-4 is often only one of multiple stimuli that can induce protection. Hosts may have evolved the ability to recognize features that characterize parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes as a class as triggers for a stereotypic cytokine response, but not the ability to distinguish features of individual parasites as stimuli for more specific protective cytokine responses. As a result, hosts deploy a set of defense mechanisms against these parasites that together control infection by most members of that class, even though a specific defense mechanism may not be required to defend against a particular parasite and may even damage a host infected with that parasite.
The HIV-1 Viral Protein R Induces Apoptosis via a Direct Effect on the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
Authors: Etienne Jacotot, Luigi Ravagnan, Markus Loeffler, Karine F. Ferri, Helena L.A. Vieira, Naoufal Zamzami, Paola Costantini, Sabine Druillennec, Johan Hoebeke, Jean Paul Briand, Theano Irinopoulou, Eric Daugas, Santos A. Susin, Denis Cointe, Zhi Hua Xie, John C. Reed, Bernard P. Roques, Guido Kroemer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Viral protein R (Vpr) encoded by HIV-1 is a facultative inducer of apoptosis. When added to intact cells or purified mitochondria, micromolar and submicromolar doses of synthetic Vpr cause a rapid dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), as well as the mitochondrial release of apoptogenic proteins such as cytochrome c or apoptosis inducing factor. The same structural motifs relevant for cell killing are responsible for the mitochondriotoxic effects of Vpr. Both mitochondrial and cytotoxic Vpr effects are prevented by Bcl-2, an inhibitor of the permeability transition pore complex (PTPC). Coincubation of purified organelles revealed that nuclear apoptosis is only induced by Vpr when mitochondria are present yet can be abolished by PTPC inhibitors. Vpr favors the permeabilization of artificial membranes containing the purified PTPC or defined PTPC components such as the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) combined with Bax. Again, this effect is prevented by addition of recombinant Bcl-2. The Vpr COOH terminus binds purified ANT, as well as a molecular complex containing ANT and the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), another PTPC component. Yeast strains lacking ANT or VDAC are less susceptible to Vpr-induced killing than control cells yet recover Vpr sensitivity when retransfected with yeast ANT or human VDAC. Hence, Vpr induces apoptosis via a direct effect on the mitochondrial PTPC.
Attempted and Completed Suicide in Adolescence
Authors: Anthony Spirito, Christianne Esposito-Smythers
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2005)

Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescence, and medically serious suicide attempts occur in approximately 3% of adolescents. This review examines a number of risk factors that contribute to suicidal behavior. A prior suicide attempt is one of the best predictors of both a repeat attempt and eventual completed suicide. Depression, disruptive behavior disorders, and substance-use disorders also place adolescents at high risk for suicidal behavior, with comorbidity further increasing risk. Research on families indicates that suicidal behavior is transmitted through families. Groups at high risk for suicidal behavior include gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths, incarcerated adolescents, and homeless/runaway teens. Although abnormalities in the serotonergic system have not been consistently linked to suicidal behavior, genetic and neurobiologic studies suggest that impulsive aggression may be the mechanism through which decreased serotonergic activity is related to suicidal behavior. Findings from prevention and intervention studies are modest and indicate the need for substantially more theory-driven treatment research.
Quality of Life in Individuals With Anxiety Disorders
Authors: M V Mendlowicz, M B Stein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Quality-of-life indices have been used in medical practice to estimate the impact of different diseases on functioning and well-being and to compare outcomes between different treatment modalities. An integrated view of the issue of quality of life in patients with anxiety disorders can provide important information regarding the nature and extent of the burden associated with these disorders and may be useful in the development of strategies to deal with it.METHOD: A review of epidemiological and clinical studies that have investigated quality of life (broadly conceptualized) in patients with panic disorder, social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder was conducted by searching MEDLINE and PsycLIT citations from 1984 to 1999. A summary of the key articles published in this area is presented.RESULTS: The studies reviewed portray an almost uniform picture of anxiety disorders as illnesses that markedly compromise quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Significant impairment can also be found in individuals with subthreshold forms of anxiety disorders. Effective pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatment has been shown to improve the quality of life for patients with panic disorder, social phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Limitations in current knowledge in this area are identified, and suggestions for needed future research are provided.CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that a more thorough understanding of the impact on quality of life will lead to increased public awareness of anxiety disorders as serious mental disorders worthy of further investment in research, prevention, and treatment.
Private finance initiative condemned
Authors: Rhona MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Hospitals built in the United Kingdom through the private finance initiative do not take adequate account of local needs and have contributed little to hospital design, says a new report from the King's Fund, an independent healthcare charity. The scheme also involves considerable risks for hospital trusts.

The private finance initiative was introduced by the Conservatives in 1992 but was continued by the current Labour government. It is now the government's main way of financing hospital building projects. Thirty two have already been funded through this scheme, even though …
Pathomorphologic characteristics of small hepatocellular carcinoma: A special reference to small hepatocellular carcinoma with indistinct margins
Authors: Osamu Nakashima, Shigetaka Sugihara, Masayoshi Kage, Masamici Kojiro
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Some surgically resected small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to 2 cm in diameter have indistinct margins, and it is sometimes difficult to identify the margins of the cancer nodule in the resected specimen. We classified such tumors as small HCC with indistinct margins and carried out a morphological study to define their characteristics in comparison with small HCC with distinct margins as a control group. We have encountered 27 examples among 86 tumors smaller than 2.0 cm in diameter. The tumors of this type indistinctly retained the basic architecture of the background and were vaguely demarcated. Most tumors were uniformly composed of well-differentiated cancer tissue, which is characterized by increased cell density with increased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia, and irregular thin-trabecular pattern with occasional pseudoglandular pattern. Portal tracts were included within the cancerous tissue. There was a "replacing" growth pattern at the tumor/nontumor boundary. Four of the 27 lesions had a nodule-in-nodule appearance, and the inner nodules consisted of moderately differentiated HCC without portal tracts. In all of the small HCC with indistinct margins, tumor invasion into the portal vein and intrahepatic metastasis were not found. In a control group, the tumors were well-demarcated, and 53% of them were encapsulated. They were well-differentiated in 9, moderately differentiated in 38 and mixed well and moderately in 12. Tumor invasion into the portal vein and intrahepatic metastasis was found in 16 (27.1%) and 6 (10.2%), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)