tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical activity is not associated with spirometric indices in lung-healthy German youth
Authors: Maia P. Smith, Andrea von Berg, Dietrich Berdel, Carl-Peter Bauer, Barbara Hoffmann, Sibylle Koletzko, Dennis Nowak, Joachim Heinrich, Holger Schulz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

In lung disease, physical activity improves lung function and reduces morbidity. However, healthy populations are not well studied. We estimate the relationship between spirometric indices and accelerometric physical activity in lung-healthy adolescents. 895 nonsmoking German adolescents without chronic lung disease (45% male, mean± sd age 15.2±0.26 years) from the GINIplus and LISAplus cohorts completed questionnaires, spirometry, 7-day accelerometry and an activity diary. Physical activity was measured as minutes, quintiles and regularity of daily moderate, vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), participation in sport and active commuting to school. Primary outcomes were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV 1 /FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC; they were separately correlated with physical activity and adjusted for confounders of respiratory function, including early-life exposures. Adolescents averaged 40 min MVPA per day, typical for European youth. 79% participated in sports and 51% commuted actively. An association was suggested between 3% higher FVC (∼100 mL) and either extreme MVPA quintile or percentage of days with &gt;30 min MVPA (p&lt;0.05). However, after Bonferroni correction all associations between spirometry, active lifestyle and physical activity were nonsignificant. Spirometric indices were not significantly associated with active lifestyle or measures of activity in lung-healthy adolescents after adjustment for confounding and multiple-comparison artefacts.
The Pattern of Tumor Shrinkage is Associated with Prognosis in Luminal Breast Cancer During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Ippei Fukada, Kazuhiro Araki, Shunji Takahashi, Takayuki Kobayashi, Kokoro Kobayashi, Tomoko Shibayama, Yoshinori Ito
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. III. Ultrastructure of Different Growths Leading to Lymphoblastoid Transformation In Vitro 2
Authors: Michèle Vuillaume, Guy de-Thé
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. III. Ultrastructure of Different Growths Leading to Lymphoblastoid Transformation In Vitro Get access Michèle Vuillaume, Michèle Vuillaume Unit of Biological Carcinogenesis, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Guy de-Thé Guy de-Thé Unit of Biological Carcinogenesis, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69008 Lyon, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 51, Issue 1, July 1973, Pages 67–80, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/51.1.67 Published: 01 July 1973 Article history Received: 13 February 1973 Accepted: 14 March 1973 Published: 01 July 1973
Light-activated drug therapy in canine prostate
Authors: J. Christophersen, M. J. Winship, L. Keltner, S. S. Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

14671 Background: Light-activated drug therapy is a promising modality for treating a variety of neoplasms. This study evaluated Litx using transurethral light therapy in the beagle dog prostate model. Litx uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to activate LS11 (talaporfin sodium), producing singlet oxygen and leading to localized cell death. The study was designed to assess the result of treatment on the prostate and urethra. Methods: A total of 30 dogs were assigned to 4 groups. In all dogs, a Litx device was inserted into the prostatic urethra. Three groups (n=9/group) were administered LS11 (25 mg/kg, IV) and exposed to a 50 or 70 J/cm light dose. One control group (n=3) received no LS11 and was administered a 70 J/cm light dose. Urethral patency, tissue effects, and recovery were assessed grossly and histologically at timepoints from 48 hours to 1 month post treatment. Results: Treatment with LS11 in combination with Litx therapy had no adverse effect on the general health and well-being of the dogs. Following treatment, all dogs were able to urinate spontaneously and no dogs required urinary catheterization at any time. Gross evaluations at the 48 hour and at 7 day post-treatment necropsies revealed well-demarcated treatment zones of 17.2 ± 3.9 mm × 13.0 ± 3.9 mm × 12.6 ± 2.6 mm (mean ± SD) induced in all dogs treated with the drug/device combination. Additionally, at the 48 hour necropsy, the urothelium was intact or partially intact in 6 of 9 dogs. Likewise, at 7 days post treatment, the urothelium was intact or partially intact in 7 of 9 dogs. No treatment zone was observed in the light-only control group. Histology evaluation performed at 30 day post-treatment revealed complete healing and intact urothelium in all dogs. Conclusions: Litx may be safe and suitable for transurethral treatment of neoplasms of the prostate. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Light Sciences Oncology Light Sciences Oncology Light Sciences Oncology
Investigation of Hematological Changes, Serum Tnf-&amp;Agr; and Ifn-Γ Level in an Inadvertent Radium-226(226Ra) Irradiated Person in Hilla City, Nader 3 District, Iraq
Authors: S. Al-Alwachi, N.J. Al Sabak
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Abstract 3522: Transfer Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Do Not Impact Hospital Quality Measurements, Despite Being Sicker Than Directly Admitted Patients
Authors: Creighton Don, Douglas Stewart, Susan Heckbert, Charles Maynard, Richard Goss
Journal: Circulation (2007)

BACKGROUND Studies of hospital quality and national performance measures for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) frequently exclude transfer patients. Little is known about the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with AMI transferred for revascularization. HYPOTHESIS Transfer patients have greater clinical comorbidity and worse hospital survival than non-transfer patients, and negatively impact hospital quality measures. METHODS A retrospective-cohort study was performed using all patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction who underwent coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in Washington State from 2002 – 2005. Data on clinical and procedural characteristics, medications, and complications were obtained from the Clinical Outcomes Assessment Program. Hospitals were compared by rates of death and discharge with aspirin, beta-blockers, lipid lowering agents, and ACE inhibitors. Logistic regression was used for adjusted analysis. RESULTS Of patients undergoing revascularization for AMI, 7080 were directly admitted and 2910 were transferred. Diabetes (23.4 v. 19.7%, p&lt;0.01), hypertension (61.3 v. 55.7%, p&lt;0.01), and thrombolysis (32.3 v. 3.4%, p &lt;0.01) were greater among transfers. Transfers presented with a higher rate of left main and three-vessel disease, intra-aortic balloon pump use (6.4 v. 3.6%, p&lt;0.01) and underwent CABG more frequently (15.4 v. 5.5%, p &lt;0.01). Transfer patients had a lower risk of death (3.9 v. 4.9%, p=0.03), but no difference in discharge medication prescription. Adjusting for major risk factors, procedure, and hospital type, transfers had a similar risk for in-hospital death compared to non-transfers (OR 0.9, CI 0.5 – 1.6). Hospitals with a high percentage of transfers treated higher-risk patients, but had similar outcomes to those with few transfers. Excluding transfers from the hospital-level analysis did not appreciably change these results. CONCLUSION Transfers were higher-risk, but had similar in-hospital mortality and were equally likely to receive appropriate medication at discharge compared to directly admitted patients. Inclusion of transfers did not affect hospital-level inpatient mortality or measurements of adherence to quality guidelines.
Asian ethnicity and survival outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving systemic therapy: A regional Canadian experience.
Authors: R. Y. Tsang, F. El-Gehani, S. Ghosh, D. Morris, C. A. Butts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e18081 Background: Recent studies in advanced NSCLC have identified Asian ethnicity as a favorable survival prognosticator, possibly attributed to the use of antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agents. We investigate the validity of this finding in a regional, Canadian population in the anti-EGFR era. Methods: East/Southeast Asian-born patients newly diagnosed with advanced stage IIIB or IV NSCLC from 2002 to 2007 were identified via the Alberta Cancer Registry (Alberta, Canada). Retrospective chart reviews were performed to obtain relevant clinical and histological parameters. A control group consisting of Alberta-born, non-Asian patients was randomly selected and matched for age, gender, stage, and treatment type received. Patients incorrectly classified or who received non-palliative intent therapies were excluded. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS v9.1. Results: 197 Asian patients in total were identified. Of the 67 Asian patients and 67 controls receiving systemic therapy, median overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in the Asian group at 15.9 mo (95% CI: 11.5-20.2) vs 9.7 mo (95% CI: 8.4- 10.9) in the control group (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.27-2.68, p = 0.001). Use of an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) during any line of treatment was associated with improved OS in both the Asian and control groups (20.8 mo, 95% CI: 10.3-31.3; vs 12.7 mo, 95% CI: 11.6-13.8), as compared with no EGFR TKI use (7.1 mo, 95% CI: 3.3-10.8; vs 9.0 mo, 95% CI: 8.4-9.6, respectively). On multivariate analysis, use of an EGFR TKI was associated with OS advantage in both groups, especially in the Asian group (HR = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.90-8.02, p = 0.0002). Conclusions: This regional, Canadian study demonstrates a survival advantage associated with Asian ethnicity in advanced NSCLC patients receiving systemic therapy in the anti-EGFR era, particularly associated with EGFR TKI use. These findings likely relate to the higher prevalence of EGFR mutations reported in this population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cell-Targeted Optogenetics and Electrical Microstimulation Reveal the Primate Koniocellular Projection to Supra-granular Visual Cortex
Authors: Carsten Klein, Henry C. Evrard, Katharine A. Shapcott, Silke Haverkamp, Nikos K. Logothetis, Michael C. Schmid
Journal: Neuron (2016)
Inhibition by Dexamethasone of Intracellular Binding of Phorbol Esters to Mouse Skin2
Authors: Thomas J. Slaga, John D. Scribner, Jannas M. Rice, Sarojini B. Das, Sara Thompson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Inhibition by Dexamethasone of Intracellular Binding of Phorbol Esters to Mouse Skin Get access Thomas J. Slaga, Thomas J. Slaga Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John D. Scribner, John D. Scribner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jannas M. Rice, Jannas M. Rice Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sarojini B. Das, Sarojini B. Das Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sara Thompson Sara Thompson Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1102 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. 98104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 5, May 1974, Pages 1611–1618, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.5.1611 Published: 01 May 1974 Article history Received: 26 November 1973 Accepted: 10 February 1974 Published: 01 May 1974
Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Pravastatin in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Wendy E. Hague, John Simes, Adrienne Kirby, Anthony C. Keech, Harvey D. White, David Hunt, Paul J. Nestel, David M. Colquhoun, Helen Pater, Ralph A. Stewart, David R. Sullivan, Peter L. Thompson, Malcolm West, Paul P. Glasziou, Andrew M. Tonkin
Journal: Circulation (2016)

We aimed to assess the long-term effects of treatment with statin therapy on all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and cancer incidence from extended follow-up of the Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) trial.LIPID initially compared pravastatin and placebo over 6 years in 9014 patients with previous coronary heart disease. After the double-blind period, all patients were offered open-label statin therapy. Data were obtained over a further 10 years from 7721 patients, by direct contact for 2 years, by questionnaires thereafter, and from mortality and cancer registries. During extended follow-up, 85% assigned pravastatin and 84% assigned placebo took statin therapy. Patients assigned pravastatin maintained a significantly lower risk of death from coronary heart disease (relative risk [RR] 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.97; P=0.009), from cardiovascular disease (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95; P=0.002), and from any cause (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97; absolute risk reduction, 2.6%; P=0.003).Cancer incidence was similar by original treatment group during the double-blind period (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.82-1.08; P=0.41), later follow-up (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.91-1.14; P=0.74), and overall (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91-1.08; P=0.83). There were no significant differences in cancer mortality, or in the incidence of organ-specific cancers. Cancer findings were confirmed in a meta-analysis with other large statin trials with extended follow-up.In LIPID, the absolute survival benefit from 6 years of pravastatin treatment appeared to be maintained for the next 10 years, with a similar risk of death among survivors in both groups after the initial period. Treatment with statins does not influence cancer or death from noncardiovascular causes during long-term follow-up.
A Multi-Centre, Phase Ii, Open-Label, Single Arm Study of Panitumumab, Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in Biliary Tract Cancer: Primary Results of the Agitg Tactic Study
Authors: J. Shannon, D. Goldstein, N. Wong, S. Chinchen, K. Sjoquist, R. O'Connell, P. Grimison, S. McLachlan, N.C. Tebbutt, L. Lipton, P. Vasey, M. Cronk, S.C. Varma, M. Jefford, E. Segelov, E. Abdi, S. Ng, C. Karapetis, V. Gebski, J. Zalcberg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Survival of patients with multidrug-resistant TB in Eastern Europe: what makes a difference?
Authors: Yanina Balabanova, Olga Ignatyeva, Lena Fiebig, Vija Riekstina, Manfred Danilovits, Kadri Jaama, Edita Davidaviciene, Birute Radiulyte, Christina Marcela Popa, Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy, Francis Drobniewski
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> The quality of care for patients with TB in Eastern Europe has improved significantly; nevertheless drug resistance rates remain high. We analysed survival in a cohort of patients with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (MDR-/XDR-) TB from Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Bucharest city. <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive adult new and retreatment patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary MDR-TB registered for treatment in 2009 (and in 2007 in Latvia) were enrolled; prospective survival information was collected. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 737 patients were included into the cohort. Of all MDR-TB cases, 46% were newly diagnosed; 56% of all MDR-TB cases had no additional resistance to fluoroquinolones or injectable agents, 33% had pre-XDR-TB and 11% XDR-TB. Median survival was 5.9 years in patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB; 1.9 years in patients coinfected with HIV. Older age, male gender, alcohol abuse, retirement, co-morbidities, extrapulmonary involvement and HIV coinfection independently worsened survival. Inclusion of fluoroquinolones and injectable agents improves survival in patients with MDR-TB. Pre-XDR and XDR status did not significantly shorten survival as long as fluoroquinolones and injectable agents were part of the regimen. Moxifloxacin seems to improve survival in ofloxacin-susceptible patients when compared with older generation fluoroquinolones. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The burden of additional resistances in patients with MDR-TB is high likely due to primary transmission of resistant strains. Social and programmatic factors including management of alcohol dependency, expansion of HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment need to be addressed in order to achieve cure and to interrupt transmission. The role of last generation fluoroquinolones and injectable agents in treatment of patients with pre-XDR and XDR-TB needs to be further investigated.
Compassionate and Proactive Interventions by Health Workers in the United Kingdom: A Better Approach to Prevent and Respond to Female Genital Mutilation?
Authors: Maria Luisa Amasanti, Mendinaro Imcha, Comfort Momoh
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Amasanti and colleagues consider female genital mutilation in the UK, how overly intrusive efforts to help might make the problem worse, and how best to move forwards.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and other cancers: Cambridge GIST Study Group experience.
Authors: V. R. Bulusu, N. Carroll, S. Pursglove, V. Save, R. Hardwick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

10084 Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) may coexist with other cancers either metachronously or synchronously. This study examines the occurrence of GISTS in association with other cancers. Methods: The records of 150 patients (pts) with a diagnosis of GIST from Cambridge GIST database (2005-2009) were analysed for the coexistence of GISTS with other cancers. The following data was collected: age, gender, site of GIST, risk category, family history, survival and any known association between GISTS and other cancers. The pts were divided into 3 groups: 1) Pre-existing cancer in patients with diagnosis of GIST. 2) Incidental diagnosis of GIST during evaluation of a cancer. 3) A new cancer diagnosis during treatment/follow-up of GISTS. All cancers had histology confirmed. Results: 21/150 pts had other synchronous or metachronous cancers. Median age 69 yrs (range 46-88 yrs). Males:Females = 1.3:1. Site of GISTs: esophagus 4.5%, stomach 66%, duodenum 4.5%, small bowel 4.5%, colorectal 4.5% and extragastrointestinal 14%. The NIH risk categories: Very low risk/low risk 71%, Intermediate risk 9% and High risk 20%. Mean tumor size 5 cm (range 0.13-12 cm). All were spindle cell histology.The GISTs were incidental diagnosis in 62% of pts. In 28% pts, the other cancer was a pre-existing diagnosis. 1 pt had a new metastatic pancreatic cancer with liver metastases diagnosed during imatinib treatment for inoperable GIST. The sites of other cancers recorded: Esophagus 4.5%, stomach 14%, colorectal cancer 19%, 14% prostate cancer. Rare associations include 1pt-NF1 syndrome-somatostatinoma with duodenal GIST, 1 pt CLL and Gastric GIST, 1 pt male ER+ve breast cancer and Gastric GIST, 1 pt with abdominal soft tissue sarcoma with Gastric GIST, 1 pt with paraganglioma with MIBG +ve Gastric GIST. 76% of pts are still alive with no evidence of recurrence of their GISTs or the other cancers. All the incidental GISTs were very low risk/low risk. Conclusions: GISTs can occur in pts with a previous diagnosis of cancer or can be seen as incidental lesions in patients with other cancers. Other cancers can occur in pts with GISTs on tyrosine kinase inhibitors. All these scenarios have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis, Pfizer
Epidemiology of Adenocarcinoma of the Kidney<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
Authors: E L Wynder, K Mabuchi, W F Whitmore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

A case-control study was conducted in 202 patients with renal adenocarcinoma and 394 controls matched for sex, age, race, and hospital. The results were evaluated with other epidemiologic and laboratory findings in the literature. The case-control study showed a significant but moderate association between cigarette smoking and renal adenocarcinoma, though the specific nature of the association was not determined. Male cases included a significantly larger proportion than did controls of persons with prior myocardial infarction. Female cases contained a significantly larger proportion of persons ≥ 20% overweight than did controls. A relationship to marital status was suggested in females. No significant relationship was found with coffee drinking, alcohol consumption, occupational exposure, or previous disease history. From the current epidemiologic and pathophysiologic data, a working hypothesis was derived which suggested that dietary factors, possibly related to a fat and/or cholesterol intake, were involved in the pathogenesis of renal adenocarcinoma.
Prediction of improvement in skin fibrosis in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a EUSTAR analysis
Authors: Rucsandra Dobrota, Britta Maurer, Nicole Graf, Suzana Jordan, Carina Mihai, Otylia Kowal-Bielecka, Yannick Allanore, Oliver Distler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Improvement of skin fibrosis is part of the natural course of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc). Recognising those patients most likely to improve could help tailoring clinical management and cohort enrichment for clinical trials. In this study, we aimed to identify predictors for improvement of skin fibrosis in patients with dcSSc.We performed a longitudinal analysis of the European Scleroderma Trials And Research (EUSTAR) registry including patients with dcSSc, fulfilling American College of Rheumatology criteria, baseline modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) ≥7 and follow-up mRSS at 12±2 months. The primary outcome was skin improvement (decrease in mRSS of >5 points and ≥25%) at 1 year follow-up. A respective increase in mRSS was considered progression. Candidate predictors for skin improvement were selected by expert opinion and logistic regression with bootstrap validation was applied.From the 919 patients included, 218 (24%) improved and 95 (10%) progressed. Eleven candidate predictors for skin improvement were analysed. The final model identified high baseline mRSS and absence of tendon friction rubs as independent predictors of skin improvement. The baseline mRSS was the strongest predictor of skin improvement, independent of disease duration. An upper threshold between 18 and 25 performed best in enriching for progressors over regressors.Patients with advanced skin fibrosis at baseline and absence of tendon friction rubs are more likely to regress in the next year than patients with milder skin fibrosis. These evidence-based data can be implemented in clinical trial design to minimise the inclusion of patients who would regress under standard of care.
Spontaneous Ovarian Tumors in Han:NMRI Mice: Histologic Classification, Incidence, and Influence of Food Restriction
Authors: Sabine Rehm, Detlef Dierksen, Friedrich Deerberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

In a life-span study with female Han:NMRI virgin mice (300 of a fat subline, 300 of a lean subline, and 300 controls), a total of 424 mice developed 673 ovarian tumors. Half of the mice in each group were fed ad libitum, and for the other half food was restricted. Most prevalent were tubular adenomas followed by granulosa and Sertoli cell tumors. Altogether, 42 neoplasms were classified as tubular adenocarcinomas, and 21, as luteomas. The general incidence of tumors increased sharply beyond the 18th month of age. Granulosa cell tumors arose relatively early, and tubular adenocarcinomas occurred very late in life. The occurrence of ovarian tumors depended mainly on life expectancy. All animals subjected to food restriction lived longer and developed more ovarian neoplasms than those fed ad libitum.