tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pathways: New Signaling Considerations When Targeting Cytoskeletal Balance to Reduce Tumor Growth
Authors: Kristi R. Chakrabarti, Lindsay Hessler, Lekhana Bhandary, Stuart S. Martin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

The dynamic balance between microtubule extension and actin contraction regulates mammalian cell shape, division, and motility, which has made the cytoskeleton an attractive and very successful target for cancer drugs. Numerous compounds in clinical use to reduce tumor growth cause microtubule breakdown (vinca alkaloids, colchicine-site, and halichondrins) or hyperstabilization of microtubules (taxanes and epothilones). However, both of these strategies indiscriminately alter the assembly and dynamics of all microtubules, which causes significant dose-limiting toxicities on normal tissues. Emerging data are revealing that posttranslational modifications of tubulin (detyrosination, acetylation) or microtubule-associated proteins (Tau, Aurora kinase) may allow for more specific targeting of microtubule subsets, thereby avoiding the broad disruption of all microtubule polymerization. Developing approaches to reduce tumor cell migration and invasion focus on disrupting actin regulation by the kinases SRC and ROCK. Because the dynamic balance between microtubule extension and actin contraction also regulates cell fate decisions and stem cell characteristics, disrupting this cytoskeletal balance could yield unexpected effects beyond tumor growth. This review will examine recent data demonstrating that cytoskeletal cancer drugs affect wound-healing responses, microtentacle-dependent reattachment efficiency, and stem cell characteristics in ways that could affect the metastatic potential of tumor cells, both beneficially and detrimentally.
Neurotransmission in the Auditory System: A Primer for Pharmacologists
Authors: P S Guth, B Melamed
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1982)

Sensory processes have not been a traditional concern of pharmacologists. An occasional review article on the pharmacology of sensation has appeared but the pharmacological literature concerned with afferent or sensory sys­ tems is practically nonexistent. This, despite the fact that the information transfer in afferent or sensory systems apparently involves that favorite playground of the neuropharmacologist, the chemically-mediated synapse, as much as efferent systems do. There is an inertia in pharmacological thought which tends to produce continued interest and productivity in efferent and central systems but opposes efforts to move into nontraditional areas such as sensation. Pharmacologists, furthermore, are not trained to deal with sensory processes and so sensation has been out of the pharmaco­ logical mainstream. One result of this neglect is the fact that with the still arguable exceptions of substance P and adenosine triphosphate none of the primary afferent transmitters has been identified. In fact, as will be clear· later, some of the primary afferent transmitters may not belong to the universe of classical putative transmitters at all. Pharmacologists commonly say that drugs affecting nervous structures do so mainly by influencing processes associated with transmission. That is, that chemical transmission, as against conduction, is a particularly drug-
Predictive Value of Cytokines and Immune Activation Biomarkers in AIDS-Related Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated with Rituximab plus Infusional EPOCH (AMC-034 trial)
Authors: Marta Epeldegui, Jeannette Y. Lee, Anna C. Martínez, Daniel P. Widney, Larry I. Magpantay, Deborah Regidor, Ronald Mitsuyasu, Joseph A. Sparano, Richard F. Ambinder, Otoniel Martínez-Maza
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

The aims of this study were to determine whether pretreatment plasma levels of cytokines and immune activation-associated molecules changed following treatment for AIDS-NHL with rituximab plus infusional EPOCH, and to determine whether pretreatment levels of these molecules were associated with response to treatment and/or survival.We quantified plasma levels of B-cell activation-associated molecules (sCD27, sCD30, and sCD23) and cytokines (IL6, IL10, and CXCL13) before and after the initiation of treatment in persons with AIDS-NHL (n = 69) in the AIDS Malignancies Consortium (AMC) 034 study, which evaluated treatment of AIDS-NHL with EPOCH chemotherapy and rituximab.Treatment resulted in decreased plasma levels of some of these molecules (CXCL13, sCD27, and sCD30), with decreased levels persisting for one year following the completion of treatment. Lower levels of CXCL13 before treatment were associated with complete responses following lymphoma therapy. Elevated levels of IL6 pretreatment were associated with decreased overall survival, whereas higher IL10 levels were associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS), in multivariate analyses. Furthermore, patients with CXCL13 or IL6 levels higher than the median levels for the NHL group, as well as those who had detectable IL10, had lower overall survival and PFS, in Kaplan-Meier analyses.These results indicate that CXCL13, IL6, and IL10 have significant potential as prognostic biomarkers for AIDS-NHL.
Modeling pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis by epithelial deletion of the Npt2b sodium phosphate cotransporter reveals putative biomarkers and strategies for treatment
Authors: Atsushi Saito, Nikolaos M. Nikolaidis, Hassane Amlal, Yasuaki Uehara, Jason C. Gardner, Kathleen LaSance, Lori B. Pitstick, James P. Bridges, Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Dennis W. McGraw, Jason C. Woods, Yves Sabbagh, Susan C. Schiavi, Göksel Altinişik, Marko Jakopović, Yoshikazu Inoue, Francis X. McCormack
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Epithelial deletion of Npt2b results in a tractable mimic of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.
Measurement Is Essential for Improving Diagnosis and Reducing Diagnostic Error
Authors: Elizabeth A. McGlynn, Kathryn M. McDonald, Christine K. Cassel
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessment of genomic damage in colorectal cancer by DNA fingerprinting: prognostic applications.
Authors: R Arribas, G Capellà, S Tórtola, L Masramon, W E Grizzle, M Perucho, M A Peinado
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE Here we evaluate the prognostic significance of the relative value of genomic damage assessed by DNA fingerprinting in colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-three tumor and paired normal mucosa samples were included in the study. Genomic damage was assessed by comparative analysis of paired normal and tumor tissue DNA fingerprints by the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Decreases and increases of intensity in bands were computed and referred to the total number of visualized bands per case. An index reflecting the genomic damage fraction (GDF), with separated values for losses and gains, was obtained for each tumor. This index was used to determine molecular and clinicopathologic correlates after exclusion of eight cases displaying microsatellite instability. RESULTS Fifty-five cases were considered for the statistical analysis. The average fraction of altered bands per tumor was 0.287+/-0.121. When losses and gains were computed separately, the average fraction of changes was 0.126+/-0.113 and 0.161+/-0.120, respectively. Tumors lacking a ras mutation showed an increased GDF, primarily because of a higher fraction of gains. Tumors that were at advanced Dukes' stages and that were poorly differentiated also displayed a higher GDF. Finally, disease-free survival was significantly diminished in tumors with a GDF greater than 0.314 (P &lt; .001). The prognostic significance of the GDF was independent of Dukes' stage (Cox multivariate analysis, P = .005). CONCLUSION The degree of genomic damage assessed by unbiased DNA fingerprinting correlates with genotypic, phenotypic, and clinical variables in colorectal carcinoma and may be useful in assessing prognosis in colorectal cancer.
Intraoperative 3D Navigation for Single or Multiple 125I-Seed Localization in Breast-Preserving Cancer Surgery
Authors: Bas Pouw, Linda J. de Wit-van der Veen, Frederieke van Duijnhoven, Emiel J.Th. Rutgers, Marcel P.M. Stokkel, Renato A. Valdés Olmos, Marie-Jeanne T.F.D. Vrancken Peeters
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Mammographic screening has led to the identification of more women with nonpalpable breast cancer, many of them to be treated with breast-preserving surgery. To accomplish radical tumor excision, adequate localization techniques such as radioactive seed localization (RSL) are required. For RSL, a radioactive I-seed is implanted central in the tumor to enable intraoperative localization using a γ-probe. In case of extensive tumor or multifocal carcinoma, multiple I-seeds can be used to delineate the involved area. Preoperative imaging is performed different from surgical positioning; therefore, exact I-seed depth remains unknown during surgery.Twenty patients (mean age, 56.8 years) with 25 implanted I-seeds scheduled for RSL were included. Sixteen patients had 1 I-seed implanted in the primary lesion, 3 patients had 2 I-seeds, and 1 patient had 3 I-seeds. Freehand SPECT localized I-seeds by measuring γ-counts from different directions, all registered by an optical tracking system. A reconstruction and visualization algorithm enabled 3-dimensional (3D) navigation toward the I-seeds.Freehand SPECT visualized all I-seeds in primary tumors and provided preincision depth information. The deviation, mean (SD), between the freehand SPECT depth and the surgical depth estimation was 1.9 (2.1) mm (range, 0-7 mm). Three-dimensional freehand SPECT was especially useful identifying multiple implanted I-seeds because the conventional γ-probe has more difficulty discriminating I-seeds transcutaneous.Freehand SPECT with 3D navigation is a valuable tool in RSL for both single and multiple implanted I-seeds in breast-preserving cancer surgery. Freehand SPECT provides continuous updating 3D imaging with information about depth and location of the I-seeds contributing to adequate excision of nonpalpable breast cancer.
PROSPECTIVE USE OF A NEUROMUSCULAR SCREENING TOOL TO DETERMINE RISK OF ATHLETIC INJURY
Authors: PD Horobin, P Thawley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Aim Athletes with poor neuromuscular control of the lower limb and pelvis are more susceptible to non-contact injuries such as primary1 and secondary2 ACL injury. Neuromuscular screening methods can be utilised to identify individuals that may benefit from injury preventative methods. The aim of this pilot study is to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of a visual rating criteria that does not limit focus to knee valgus alone and has not previously been used in a prospective study. The null hypothesis for this study is: poor neuromuscular control does not predispose an athlete to an increased risk of injury. Methods 21 male footballers and 9 hockey players (4 male, 5 female) with a mean age of 21.5 years (SD 7.74) performed 3 repetitions of the single leg squat test on each limb whilst 2D video analysis software captured the movement in the sagittal plane. A single-leg loading qualitative assessment tool (QASLS) proposed by Herrington et al 3 was used to grade the neuromuscular control and injury statistics were collated throughout the remaining seasons of both sports. Results Individuals that sustained injury (n=7), were found to have a poorer QASLS score than those that did not. Statistical significance was observed (p=0.01) between the two groups and inter-reliability of the assessment tool was good with no statistical difference (P=0.72) between two examiners who independently scored the athletes. Conclusions The findings indicate that the QASLS is an effective and reliable tool for predicting injuries in athletes and as such can be used as a neuromuscular screening method as part of an injury preventative screening approach. These findings offer great potential for larger repeat studies of longer duration.
Signal intensity alteration in the infrapatellar fat pad at baseline for the prediction of knee symptoms and structure in older adults: a cohort study
Authors: Weiyu Han, Dawn Aitken, Zhaohua Zhu, Andrew Halliday, Xia Wang, Benny Antony, Flavia Cicuttini, Graeme Jones, Changhai Ding
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

To describe the associations between infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) signal intensity alteration at baseline and knee symptoms and structural changes in older adults.A total of 874 subjects (mean 62.1 years, 50.1% female) selected randomly from local community were studied at baseline and 770 were followed up (only 357 had MRI at follow-up) over 2.6 years. T1-weighted or T2-weighted fat suppressed MRI was used to assess IPFP signal intensity alteration (0-3), cartilage volume, cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) at baseline and 2.6 years later. Knee pain was assessed by self-administered Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire. Radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) was assessed.In cross-sectional analyses, IPFP signal intensity alteration was significantly and positively associated with total knee pain as well as knee cartilage defects, BMLs and knee radiographic OA and negatively associated with patellar cartilage volume after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index and/or radiographic OA. Longitudinally, baseline signal intensity alteration within IPFP was significantly and positively associated with increases in knee pain when going upstairs/downstairs as well as increases in tibiofemoral cartilage defects and BMLs, and negatively associated with change in lateral tibial cartilage volume in multivariable analyses.IPFP signal intensity alteration at baseline was associated with knee structural abnormalities and clinical symptoms cross-sectionally and longitudinally in older adults, suggesting that it may serve as an important imaging biomarker in knee OA.
Cellular Mechanisms of Acute Ischemic Injury in the Kidney
Authors: Mayer Brezis, Franklin H. Epstein
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1993)

Hypoxic injury to tubular cells represents an early event in acute renal failure. Although important advances have been made in the understanding of hypoxic injury at the cellular level (e.g. loss of cell polarity, production of free radicals, calcium entry, and the activation of genes for protection or regeneration), the basic mechanisms responsible for organ failure remain elusive. The renal medulla, working on the brink of anoxia and being the site of concentration for many toxins, may be an important target for the synergistic events of hypoperfusion and nephrotoxic exposure that often precede human acute renal failure.
Design of an Epidemiologic Study of Drinking Water Arsenic Exposure and Skin and Bladder Cancer Risk in a U.S. Population
Authors: Margaret R. Karagas, Tor D. Tosteson, Joel Blum, J. Steven Morris, John A. Baron, Bjoern Klaue
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Ingestion of arsenic-contaminated drinking water is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including skin and bladder malignancies; but it is not yet clear whether such adverse effects are present at levels to which the U.S. population is exposed.In New Hampshire, detectable levels of arsenic have been reported in drinking water supplies throughout the state.Therefore, we have begun a population-based epidemiologic case-control study in which residents of New Hampshire diagnosed with primary squamous cell (n=900) and basal cell (n= 1200) skin cancers are being selected from a special statewide skin cancer incidence survey; patients diagnosed with primary bladder cancers (n=450) are being identified through the New Hampshire State Cancer Registry.Exposure histories of these patients will be compared to a control group of individuals randomly selected from population lists (n= 1200).Along with a detailed personal interview, arsenic and other trace elements are being measured in toenail clipping samples using instrumental neutron activation analysis.Household water samples are being tested on selected participants using a hydride generation technique with high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.In the first 793 households tested, arsenic concentrations ranged from undetectable (0.01 pg/l) to 180 pg/I.Over 10% of the private wells contained levels above 10 pg/i and 2.5% were above 50 pg/i.Based on our projected sample size, we expect at least 80% power to detect a 2-fold risk of basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or bladder cancer among individuals with the highest 5% toenail concentrations of arsenic.
Biological and Tribological Assessment of Poly(Ethylene Oxide Terephthalate)/Poly(Butylene Terephthalate), Polycaprolactone, and Poly (L\DL) Lactic Acid Plotted Scaffolds for Skeletal Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Wilhelmus J. Hendrikson, Xiangqiong Zeng, Jeroen Rouwkema, Clemens A. van Blitterswijk, Emile van der Heide, Lorenzo Moroni
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Additive manufactured scaffolds are fabricated from three commonly used biomaterials, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (L\DL) lactic acid (P(L\DL)LA), and poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT). Scaffolds are compared biologically and tribologically. Cell-seeded PEOT/PBT scaffolds cultured in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation media show statistical significantly higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity/DNA and glycosaminoglycans (GAG)/DNA ratios, followed by PCL and P(L\DL)LA scaffolds, respectively. The tribological performance is assessed by determining the friction coefficients of the scaffolds at different loads and sliding velocities. With increasing load or decreasing sliding velocity, the friction coefficient value decreases. PEOT/PBT show to have the lowest friction coefficient value, followed by PCL and P(L\DL)LA. The influence of the scaffold architecture is further determined with PEOT/PBT. Reducing of the fiber spacing results in a lower friction coefficient value. The best and the worst performing scaffold architecture are chosen to investigate the effect of cell culture on the friction coefficient. Matrix deposition is low in the cell-seeded scaffolds and the effect is, therefore, undetermined. Taken together, our studies show that PEOT/PBT scaffolds support better skeletal differentiation of seeded stromal cells and lower friction coefficient compared to PCL and P(L/DL)A scaffolds.
Medical Education and Training: Building In-Country Capacity at All Levels
Authors: Fredrick Chite Asirwa, Anne Greist, Naftali Busakhala, Barry Rosen, Patrick J. Loehrer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Poorly trained workers and limited workforce capacity contribute immensely to barriers in cancer control in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Because of an increasing disease burden and the gap in trained personnel, it is critical that LMICs must develop appropriate in-country training programs at all levels to adequately address their cancer-related outcomes. The training in LMICs of cancer health personnel should address priority cancer diseases in the specific country by developing caregivers, trainers, researchers, and administrators at all levels of health care and all cadres of staff, from the community level to the national level. The Academic Model of Providing Access to Health care is a representative model of how a public tertiary hospital like the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in an LMIC setting can leverage its resources, collaborate with partners from high-resource countries, and assist in the development of a training center to spearhead a sustainable education program.
Patient Contribution to Reconstructive Decision—Reply
Authors: Jayne Joo, Daniel B. Eisen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
‘Washout’ period for oral tetracycline antibiotics prior to systemic isotretinoin
Authors: D.M. Caruana, G. Wylie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article ‘Washout’ period for oral tetracycline antibiotics prior to systemic isotretinoin Get access D.M. Caruana, D.M. Caruana Department of Dermatology South Glasgow University Hospital Govan Road Glasgow G51 4TF U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Wylie G. Wylie Department of Dermatology South Glasgow University Hospital Govan Road Glasgow G51 4TF U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 174, Issue 4, 1 April 2016, Pages 929–930, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14294 Published: 01 April 2016
Retrospective Analysis of Chemotherapy for Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinomas(Epnec)
Authors: Jun Taguchi, Ichiro Kinoshita, Naoki Fukuda, Shin Ariga, Tomohiro Goda, Rio Honma, Toraji Amano, Satoshi Takeuchi, Yasushi Shimizu, Hirotoshi Akita
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)