tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies: to lump or split?
Authors: P Nash
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

The advent of novel biological therapies for the treatment of rheumatic disease has renewed interest in the seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). International efforts are redefining disease classification and measures of disease activity, outcome, metrology, and imaging. However, opinion is divided between those who propose that the SpA group represents the same disease with variable expression (the "lumpers") and those who consider these to be separate diseases with shared clinical features (the "splitters"). This review presents the evidence for both approaches.
Effect of Hemorrhage on Hepatic Blood Flow Determined by Radioactive Colloidal Chromic Phosphate Removal
Authors: CHEVES McC. SMYTHE
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

In a group of 18 anesthetized dogs hepatic blood flow measured by the BSP removal technic of Bradley and the radioactive colloidal chromic phosphate disappearance method of Dobson gave comparable results of 38.7 and 38.3 ml./Kg./min. respectively. In response to acute hemorrhage of 25 ml./Kg., hepatic blood flow fell from 42.3 to 35.4 ml./Kg. A more severe hemorrhage of 33 ml./Kg. produced a more profound decrease of hepatic blood flow, from 43.4 to 20.8 ml./Kg./min.
Redefining the overtraining syndrome as the unexplained underperformance syndrome
Authors: R Budgett, E Newsholme, M Lehmann, C Sharp, D Jones, T Jones, T Peto, D Collins, R Nerurkar, P White
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Unexplained underperformance in athletes is a common problem, occurring in around 10–20% of elite endurance squads.1 The terms “overtraining syndrome”, “staleness”, “chronic fatigue in athletes”, and “sports fatigue syndrome” have been used.2 “Burn out” with depressed mood state may occur in power athletes. There has been some confusion in the literature on the definition and diagnostic criteria. On 19 April 1999 the authors held a round table discussion at St Catherine's College, Oxford in order to clarify the diagnostic criteria to be used in the future. The format of the meeting was modelled on the consensus meeting held at Green College, Oxford on 23 March 1990 on the criteria for diagnosis of patients with chronic fatigue.3

Unfortunately the term overtraining syndrome implies causation, which limits investigations of this …
General Health Status of Children With d-Transposition of the Great Arteries After the Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Carolyn Dunbar-Masterson, David Wypij, David C. Bellinger, Leonard A. Rappaport, Annette L. Baker, Richard A. Jonas, Jane W. Newburger
Journal: Circulation (2001)

To study the long-term impact on general health status of D-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) after the arterial switch operation (ASO) during infancy, we asked parents to complete the Child Health Questionnaire, Parent Form-50 when their children were 8 years old.Of 160 eligible patients, questionnaires were completed for 155 subjects (96%). Median age at surgery was 6 days (range 1 to 67 days), and median age at completion of the Child Health Questionnaire was 8.1 years (7.6 to 10.0 years). Subsequent to questionnaire completion, children underwent psychometric testing. Mean Physical Health Summary and Psychosocial Summary scores were 54.0+/-6.1 and 49.7+/-9.9, respectively, which were similar to those of normal subjects. Compared with the normative sample, parents of D-TGA patients reported more problems with attention, learning, and speech, as well as greater frequency of developmental delay (P<0.001 for each). Worse Psychosocial Summary scores were significantly associated with lower full-scale IQ (P=0.001) and lower achievement in reading (P=0.005) and math (P=0.007). Worse Physical Health Summary scores were associated with longer hospital stay after the ASO (P=0.02). General health status scores were not significantly related to presence of ventricular septal defect, age at surgery, perfusion variables during the ASO, sex, or history of cardiac reoperation.At age 8 years, children with D-TGA after ASO have an overall physical and psychosocial health status similar to that of the general population. Lower IQ and academic achievement are associated with worse psychosocial health status, whereas longer hospital course after initial surgery is associated with worse physical health status.
Simultaneous vs Sequential Initiation of Therapy With Indinavir, Zidovudine, and Lamivudine for HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Roy M. Gulick, John W. Mellors, Diane Havlir, Joseph J. Eron, Charles Gonzalez, Deborah McMahon, Leslie Jonas, Anne Meibohm, Daniel Holder, William A. Schleif, Jon H. Condra, Emilio A. Emini, Robin Isaacs, Jeffrey A. Chodakewitz, Douglas D. Richman
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Combination antiretroviral therapy can markedly suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication but the duration of HIV suppression varies among patients.Objective.-Tocompare the antiretroviral effect of a 3-drug regimen started simultaneously or sequentially in patients with HIV infection.Design.-A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, modified after at least 24 weeks of blinded therapy to provide open-label 3-drug therapy with follow-up through 100 weeks.Setting.-Four clinical research units Patients.-Ninety-sevenpatients with HIV infection who had taken zidovudine for at least 6 months with serum HIV RNA level of at least 20 000 copies/mL and CD4 cell count of 0.05 to 0.40 ϫ 10 9 /L.Interventions.-Patients were initially randomized to receive 1 of 3 antiretroviral regimens: indinavir, 800 mg every 8 hours; zidovudine, 200 mg every 8 hours and lamivudine, 150 mg every 12 hours; or all 3 drugs.After at least 24 weeks of blinded therapy, all patients received open-label 3-drug therapy.Main Outcome Measures.-Antiretroviralactivity was assessed by changes in HIV RNA level and CD4 cell count from baseline.Data through 100 weeks were summarized.Results.-Simultaneous initiation of indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine suppressed HIV RNA in 78% (25/32) of contributing patients to less than 500 copies/ mL and increased CD4 cell count to a median of 0.209 ϫ 10 9 /L above baseline at 100 weeks.When these 3 drugs were initiated sequentially, only 30% to 45% of contributing patients (10 of 33 in the zidovudine-lamivudine group and 13 of 29 in the indinavir group, respectively) had a sustained reduction in HIV RNA to less than 500 copies/mL, and median CD4 cell count increased to 0.101 to 0.163 ϫ 10 9 /L above baseline at 100 weeks.Conclusions.-A3-drug combination of indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine started simultaneously has durable antiretroviral activity for at least 2 years.Sequential initiation of the same 3 drugs is much less effective.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Dietary - and -Tocopherols on Genetic Instability in Mouse Mutatect Tumors
Authors: C. C.-Y. Soo, A. S. Haqqani, N. Hidiroglou, J. E. Swanson, R. S. Parker, H. C. Birnboim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Vitamin E in foodstuffs is a mixture of tocopherols. In mouse Mutatect tumors, a model designed to detect DNA mutations, the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) gene mutation frequency is associated with the number of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and both are markedly decreased in mice fed high levels of α-tocopherol. Dietary α-tocopherol is also associated with a decrease in neutrophil-associated loss of an interleukin 8 (IL-8)-expressing transgene in this tumor model. We examined Hprt gene mutation frequency (expressed as the number of 6-thioguanine–resistant colonies per 105 clonable tumor cells), IL-8 transgene loss, and myeloperoxidase activity (an indirect measure of neutrophil number) in tumors from Mutatect mice fed diets supplemented with various concentrations of d-α-tocopherol acetate and/or d-γ-tocopherol acetate or neither tocopherol for 4 weeks. Hprt gene mutation frequency and myeloperoxidase activity were statistically significantly lower in tumor cells from mice fed α-tocopherol at 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight per day than in tumor cells from mice fed 0 mg/kg body weight per day α-tocopherol (P<.001 for each comparison). IL-8 transgene loss occurred in 28 of 28 tumors (100%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 86% to 100%) from mice fed α-tocopherol at 50 mg or less/kg body weight per day and seven of 18 tumors (39%; 95% CI = 24% to 54%) from mice fed 100 mg/kg body weight per day (P<.001, Fisher’s exact test, referent groups [pooled] 0, 25, and 50 mg/kg). γ-Tocopherol had no detectable effect on any of the three endpoints. Thus, dietary α-tocopherol decreases two forms of genetic instability in a dose-dependent manner in this experimental tumor model.
Screening of inhibitors of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in a cultured malignant melanoma cell line
Authors: S. Hu, S-K. Liao, J-H.S. Pang, M-C. Chen, C-H. Chen, H-S. Hong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Screening of inhibitors of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in a cultured malignant melanoma cell line Get access S. Hu, S. Hu Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, and Biostatistics Centre and Department of Public Health, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S‐K. Liao, S‐K. Liao Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, and Biostatistics Centre and Department of Public Health, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐H.S. Pang, J‐H.S. Pang Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, and Biostatistics Centre and Department of Public Health, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan Jong‐Hwei S. Pang, E‐mail: jonghwei@mail.cgu.edu.tw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M‐C. Chen, M‐C. Chen Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, and Biostatistics Centre and Department of Public Health, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C‐H. Chen, C‐H. Chen Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, and Biostatistics Centre and Department of Public Health, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H‐S. Hong H‐S. Hong Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, and Biostatistics Centre and Department of Public Health, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 2, 1 February 2004, Pages 388–390, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05802.x Published: 01 February 2004
THE CAISSON EXPLOSION OF BATTERY F, SECOND REGIMENT OF THE U. S. LIGHT ARTILLERY.
Authors: EDMUND ANDREWS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The writer is at present in charge of a number of soldiers wounded by an accident so rare, that hardly any officer in the United States service has seen an example of it. The singular character of the wounds produced, and the rarity of the causes producing them, render the cases most instructive for study. The late riots in Chicago, by obstructing the United States mails, and arresting commerce on interstate railways obliged the general government to send to Chicago about 2,000 regular troops to maintain order. On the 16th of July, Battery F of the Second Regiment of U. S. Light Artillery was moving at a trot on Grand Boulevard, supported by a company of the Seventh Regular Cavalry, when suddenly the three ammunition chests of the first caisson exploded with terrific violence. The caisson was drawn by four horses, which were guided by two mounted drivers. Two cannoneers
SOX9 regulates ERBB signalling in pancreatic cancer development
Authors: Adrien Grimont, Andreia V Pinho, Mark J Cowley, Cécile Augereau, Amanda Mawson, Marc Giry-Laterrière, Géraldine Van den Steen, Nicola Waddell, Marina Pajic, Christine Sempoux, Jianmin Wu, Sean M Grimmond, Andrew V Biankin, Frédéric P Lemaigre, Ilse Rooman, Patrick Jacquemin
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> The transcription factor SOX9 was recently shown to stimulate ductal gene expression in pancreatic acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and to accelerate development of premalignant lesions preceding pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we investigate how SOX9 operates in pancreatic tumourigenesis. <h3>Design</h3> We analysed genomic and transcriptomic data from surgically resected PDAC and extended the expression analysis to xenografts from PDAC samples and to PDAC cell lines. SOX9 expression was manipulated in human cell lines and mouse models developing PDAC. <h3>Results</h3> We found genetic aberrations in the <i>SOX9</i> gene in about 15% of patient tumours. Most PDAC samples strongly express SOX9 protein, and SOX9 levels are higher in classical PDAC. This tumour subtype is associated with better patient outcome, and cell lines of this subtype respond to therapy targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) signalling, a pathway essential for pancreatic tumourigenesis. In human PDAC, high expression of SOX9 correlates with expression of genes belonging to the ERBB pathway. In particular, ERBB2 expression in PDAC cell lines is stimulated by SOX9. Inactivating Sox9 expression in mice confirmed its role in PDAC initiation; it demonstrated that Sox9 stimulates expression of several members of the ERBB pathway and is required for ERBB signalling activity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> By integrating data from patient samples and mouse models, we found that SOX9 regulates the ERBB pathway throughout pancreatic tumourigenesis. Our work opens perspectives for therapy targeting tumourigenic mechanisms.
Pathogenesis of Sudden Unexpected Death in a Clinical Trial of Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Heart Failure, or Both
Authors: Anne-Catherine Pouleur, Ebrahim Barkoudah, Hajime Uno, Hicham Skali, Peter V. Finn, Steven L. Zelenkofske, Yuri N. Belenkov, Viacheslav Mareev, Eric J. Velazquez, Jean L. Rouleau, Aldo P. Maggioni, Lars Køber, Robert M. Califf, John J.V. McMurray, Marc A. Pfeffer, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— The frequency of sudden unexpected death is highest in the early post–myocardial infarction (MI) period; nevertheless, 2 recent trials showed no improvement in mortality with early placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator after MI. Methods and Results— To better understand the pathophysiological events that lead to sudden death after MI, we assessed autopsy records in a series of cases classified as sudden death events in patients from the VALsartan In Acute myocardial infarctioN Trial (VALIANT). Autopsy records were available in 398 cases (14% of deaths). We determined that 105 patients had clinical circumstances consistent with sudden death. On the basis of the autopsy findings, we assessed the probable cause of sudden death and evaluated how these causes varied with time after MI. Of 105 deaths considered sudden on clinical grounds, autopsy suggested the following causes: 3 index MIs in the first 7 days (2.9%); 28 recurrent MIs (26.6%); 13 cardiac ruptures (12.4%); 4 pump failures (3.8%); 2 other cardiovascular causes (stroke or pulmonary embolism; 1.9%); and 1 noncardiovascular cause (1%). Fifty-four cases (51.4%) had no acute specific autopsy evidence other than the index MI and were thus presumed arrhythmic. The percentage of sudden death due to recurrent MI or rupture was highest in the first month after the index MI. By contrast, after 3 months, the percentage of presumed arrhythmic death was higher than recurrent MI or rupture (χ 2 =23.3, P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions— Recurrent MI or cardiac rupture accounts for a high proportion of sudden death in the early period after acute MI, whereas arrhythmic death may be more likely subsequently. These findings may help explain the lack of benefit of early implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy.
Weight and Leptin Changes Among Risperidone-Treated Youths With Autism: 6-Month Prospective Data
Authors: Andrés Martin, Lawrence Scahill, George M. Anderson, Michael Aman, L. Eugene Arnold, James McCracken, Christopher J. McDougle, Elaine Tierney, Shirley Chuang, Benedetto Vitiello
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the developmental impact and temporal characteristics of risperidone-associated weight change. METHOD: Weight change was measured for 63 children and adolescents with autism treated with risperidone for 6 months. Change in serum leptin levels after 2 months was examined as a predictor of final weight gain in mixed regression models that controlled for site, gender, age, and risperidone dose. RESULTS: Age- and gender-standardized weight increased after 6 months of treatment (gross: mean=5.6 kg [SD=3.9]; standardized: mean=0.6 z [SD=0.5]) and was positively correlated with weight gained after 1 month. Change in leptin levels after 2 months of treatment (mean=–0.3 ng/ml, SD=6.2) (N=48) did not predict final weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic risperidone exposure in children with autism causes weight gain in excess of developmentally expected norms that follows a curvilinear trajectory and decelerates over time. Serum leptin change does not reliably predict risperidone-associated weight gain.
Mannan-binding lectin and complement C4A in Icelandic multicase families with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: S Saevarsdottir, H Kristjansdottir, G Grondal, T Vikingsdottir, K Steinsson, H Valdimarsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine whether low mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and C4A null alleles (C4AQ0) are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in multicase families with SLE. <b>Methods:</b> Low MBL level was determined by measuring serum levels and by genotyping for mutant structural (B/C/D, designated as 0) and promoter (LX) alleles (by real-time polymerase chain reaction). C4AQ0 was detected by protein electrophoresis and corroborated with haplotype and genotype analysis. In nine Icelandic families, 24 patients with SLE were compared with 83 first-degree and 23 second-degree relatives without SLE. Twenty four unrelated family members and a population group of 330 Icelanders served as controls. <b>Results:</b> Overall, the frequency of low MBL genotypes (0/0, LX/0 and wild-type/0) tended to be higher in patients with SLE than in their first-degree and second-degree relatives (p = 0.06), but the frequency was similar in the families and in the controls (p = 0.6). The frequency of C4AQ0 was, however, increased in patients and their relatives compared with that in the controls (p = 0.04). The combination of low MBL genotypes and C4AQ0 was found more often in the patients than in their relatives (p = 0.03) and controls (p = 0.02). However, low MBL level was observed only in patients and first-degree relatives in five of the nine multicase families. In these five families, patients with SLE had low MBL genotypes more often (64%) than their first-degree (38%) and second-degree (0%) relatives (p = 0.001), and the patients with SLE also had, accordingly, lower MBL levels than their relatives (p = 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings indicate that low MBL levels can predispose people to SLE and highlight the genetic heterogeneity of this disease.
Outcome after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: MARIUS M. HOEPER, NAZZARENO GALIÈ, SRINIVAS MURALI, HORST OLSCHEWSKI, MELVYN RUBENFIRE, IVAN M. ROBBINS, HARRISON W. FARBER, VALLERIE MCLAUGHLIN, SHELLEY SHAPIRO, JOANNA PEPKE-ZABA, JOERG WINKLER, RALF EWERT, CHRISTIAN OPITZ, VOLKER WESTERKAMP, JEAN-LUC VACHIÉRY, ADAM TORBICKI, JUERGEN BEHR, ROBYN J. BARST
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) often die from right heart failure or sudden cardiac death. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be instituted in these patients but there are no data in the medical literature about the outcome of CPR in this group of patients. We conducted a retrospective multicenter international study on the frequency and results of CPR in patients with PAH. A total of 3,130 patients with PAH were treated between 1997 and 2000 in 17 referral centers in Europe and in the United States. During this period, 513 patients had circulatory arrest and CPR was attempted in 132 (26%) of these patients. Although 96% of the CPR attempts took place in hospitalized patients (74% in intensive care units or equally equipped facilities) and although there was only minimal delay between collapse and initiation of CPR, resuscitation efforts were primarily unsuccessful in 104 patients (79%). Only eight patients (6%) survived for more than 90 d; these patients had no residual neurologic deficit. Hemodynamics obtained within 3 mo before CPR did not show any significant differences between the survivors and nonsurvivors. Except for one patient, all long-term survivors had identifiable causes of circulatory arrest that were rapidly reversible. Our data indicate that CPR for circulatory arrest in patients with PAH is rarely successful unless the cause of the cardiopulmonary decompensation can be corrected.
Randomized comparison of MACOP-B with CHOP in patients with intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Australian and New Zealand Lymphoma Group.
Authors: I A Cooper, M M Wolf, T I Robertson, R M Fox, J P Matthews, J M Stone, J C Ding, G Dart, J Matthews, F C Firkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE To compare complete response rates, time to failure, survival, and toxicity for patients with intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) versus those treated with a regimen consisting of methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, and bleomycin (MACOP-B), in a multicenter, randomized controlled trial performed by 22 centers of the Australian and New Zealand Lymphoma Group (ANZLG). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between October 1986 and June 1991, 304 patients were randomized, of whom 236 were eligible for analysis. Eligibility criteria included diffuse small cleaved-cell, diffuse mixed small- and large-cell, follicular large-cell, diffuse large-cell, and large-cell immunoblastic, stages I bulky or II to IV. RESULTS There was no significant difference in complete response rates (51% for MACOP-B v 59% for CHOP), failure-free survival, or overall survival in the two treatment arms. The rate of death of MACOP-B patients relative to CHOP patients was estimated to be 0.91 (P = .64) when stratified by prognostic group. There were no significant differences between the two regimens in any of the prognostic subgroups. Toxicity was significantly more severe with MACOP-B, particularly cutaneous toxicity, stomatitis, and gastrointestinal ulceration. The average relative dose-intensity (RDI) of MACOP-B was 0.91 and of CHOP was 0.90, indicating good dose delivery in this multicenter group setting. CONCLUSION CHOP chemotherapy produced results equivalent to those of MACOP-B in patients with intermediate-grade NHL and with significantly fewer toxic complications. Despite relatively poor results in some patient subgroups, CHOP remains the standard chemotherapy for this disease, against which all new regimens should be compared.