tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation between severity of liver disease and renal oxygen consumption in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: A Gadano, R Moreau, J Heller, C Chagneau, F Vachiery, C Trombino, A Elman, C Denie, D Valla, D Lebrec
Journal: Gut (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Worsening cirrhosis may lead to increased renal O<sub>2</sub> metabolism caused by activation of neurohumoral antinatriuretic substances. <h3>AIMS</h3> To evaluate the relation between the severity of liver disease, sodium excretion, and neurohumoral antinatriuretic substances on the one hand and renal O<sub>2</sub> metabolism on the other in patients with cirrhosis. <h3>METHODS</h3> Renal O<sub>2</sub> consumption and haemodynamics as well as plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, renin, and aldosterone were measured. Investigations were performed in 14 patients with Pugh's grade A, 43 with grade B, and 29 with grade C liver disease. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Renal O<sub>2</sub> consumption significantly increased with the severity of cirrhosis (grade A, 8.9 (1.6); grade B, 15.5 (1.3); grade C, 18.0 (1.5) ml/min/m<sup>2</sup>). Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, renin, and aldosterone significantly increased while mean arterial presssure and systemic vascular resistance significantly decreased with the severity of the disease. A significant inverse correlation was found between renal O<sub>2</sub> consumption and sodium excretion. A significant direct correlation was found between plasma levels of noradrenaline and aldosterone on the one hand and renal O<sub>2</sub>consumption on the other. Renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate did not differ significantly between patients with grade C and grade A or B disease. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> This study shows for the first time that, in patients with cirrhosis, worsening of the disease is associated with an increase in renal O<sub>2</sub>consumption. The results suggest that increased renal O<sub>2</sub>consumption is due to renal tubular sodium retention caused by increased levels of neurohumoral antinatriuretic substances. This neurohumoral activation is related to cirrhosis induced vasodilation.
Prognosis of metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer by HER2 status: a European and USA International collaborative analysis
Authors: Y.Y. Janjigian, D. Werner, C. Pauligk, K. Steinmetz, D.P. Kelsen, E. Jäger, H.M. Altmannsberger, E. Robinson, L.J. Tafe, L.H. Tang, M.A. Shah, S.-E. Al-Batran
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Improved Therapeutic Results by Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy of Non–Hodgkin's Lymphoma with a New Recombinant, Trivalent, Anti-CD20, Bispecific Antibody
Authors: Robert M. Sharkey, Habibe Karacay, Samuel Litwin, Edmund A. Rossi, William J. McBride, Chien-Hsing Chang, David M. Goldenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

We examined whether a pretargeting method using a new recombinant anti-CD20 bispecific antibody (bsMAb) followed by (90)Y-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid ((90)Y-DOTA)-peptide could reduce hematologic toxicity yet improve therapeutic responses compared with conventional (90)Y-anti-CD20 IgG and a chemically conjugated bsMAb. TF4, a humanized, tri-Fab bsMAb with two Fabs binding CD20 and one Fab binding histamine-succinyl-glycine (HSG), developed by the dock and lock (DNL) method, was tested in nude mice with Ramos B-cell lymphomas. Optimal pretargeting required a 29-h interval between TF4 and (90)Y-DOTA-HSG, and 20-fold more moles of TF4. TF4 cleared more rapidly from the blood than anti-CD20 IgG, with early processing in the liver, spleen, and kidney. At 24 h, TF4 improved tumor uptake of (111)In-HSG-peptide 2.6-fold [13% versus 5% injected dose per gram (ID/g)] and enhanced tumor to blood ratios >45-fold (770 versus 17), compared with an anti-CD20 Fab x anti-HSG Fab chemical conjugate, and by 1.6-fold (9.0% versus 5.6% ID/g) and 1,600-fold (522 versus 0.32), respectively, compared with radiolabeled anti-CD20 IgG. A severe (>or=90%) and prolonged reduction of WBCs was observed at the maximum dose of (90)Y-anti-CD20 IgG, whereas pretargeting resulted in a <or=60% transient drop. TF4 pretargeting resulted in highly significant improvement in survival, curing 33% to 90% of the animals, even at relatively low doses, whereas most tumors progressed quickly without cures with (90)Y-anti-CD20 IgG. These results indicate an improved therapeutic index with pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) using a DNL-constructed tri-Fab, bsMAb, compared with conventional therapy with directly radiolabeled antibody or with a chemically conjugated bsMAb. These encouraging results prompt testing these constructs for pretargeting RAIT in patients.
IgA-anti-yersinia antibodies in yersinia triggered reactive arthritis.
Authors: K Granfors, A Toivanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Patients who develop reactive arthritis after yersinia enteritis are characterised by high and persisting IgA-anti-yersinia antibodies. We have further analysed the humoral immune response to yersinia in this condition. Total concentrations of IgM, IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA in the serum and specific anti-yersinia antibodies belonging to IgA1, IgA2, or secretory IgA were compared in patients with or without reactive arthritis. In the former group the serum concentration of secretory IgA and of yersinia specific antibodies in all categories studied was raised compared with the level in patients without joint symptoms; the difference was most significant for the IgA-anti-yersinia antibodies with secretory piece or with J chain. The findings suggest that the strong antibody response in the patients developing reactive arthritis is due to a chronic stimulation of the intestinal lymphoid tissue.
Iron deficiency anaemia 10 years after small bowel resection in infancy
Authors: R K Weersma, A J Limburg, A Karrenbeld, J J Koornstra
Journal: Gut (2007)

A 23 year old male with a history of a segmental small bowel resection in infancy for ileal atresia presented at the age of 13 with iron deficiency anaemia. No overt blood loss was reported …
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Working Case Definition
Authors: GARY P. HOLMES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

The chronic Epstein-Barr virus syndrome is a poorly defined symptom complex characterized primarily by chronic or recurrent debilitating fatigue and various combinations of other symptoms, including sore throat, lymph node pain and tenderness, headache, myalgia, and arthralgias. Although the syndrome has received recent attention, and has been diagnosed in many patients, the chronic Epstein-Barr virus syndrome has not been defined consistently. Despite the name of the syndrome, both the diagnostic value of Epstein-Barr virus serologic tests and the proposed causal relationship between Epstein-Barr virus infection and patients who have been diagnosed with the chronic Epstein-Barr virus syndrome remain doubtful. We propose a new name for the chronic Epstein-Barr virus syndrome--the chronic fatigue syndrome--that more accurately describes this symptom complex as a syndrome of unknown cause characterized primarily by chronic fatigue. We also present a working definition for the chronic fatigue syndrome designed to improve the comparability and reproducibility of clinical research and epidemiologic studies, and to provide a rational basis for evaluating patients who have chronic fatigue of undetermined cause.
Systemic sclerosis and its pulmonary complications in The Netherlands: an epidemiological study
Authors: M C Vonk, B Broers, Y F Heijdra, E Ton, R Snijder, A P J van Dijk, J M van Laar, H Bootsma, P T. W van Hal, F H J van den Hoogen, P L A van Daele
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

The prevalence and incidence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in The Netherlands is unknown. The same holds true for its leading causes of death: pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), for which effective treatment options have recently become available.To establish the prevalence and incidence of SSc and its pulmonary complications.Detailed information on patients in the POEMAS registry, "Pulmonary Hypertension Screening, a Multidisciplinary Approach in Scleroderma", consisting of 819 patients, was combined with a nationwide questionnaire.By combining the two sources the prevalence of SSc was found to be 8.9 per 100 000 adults. The incidence was 0.77 patients per 100 000 per year. PAH was diagnosed in 9.9% of SSc patients. The prevalence of interstitial lung disease in SSc varied from 19% to 47% depending on the definition used.This study clarifies the epidemiology of SSc in The Netherlands and confirms the frequent occurrence of pulmonary complications, based on 654 cases. This can and will be studied further in the ongoing POEMAS study.
Prediagnostic circulating vitamin D levels and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in European populations: A nested case-control study
Authors: Veronika Fedirko, Talita Duarte-Salles, Christina Bamia, Antonia Trichopoulou, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Elisabeth Trepo, Anne Tjønneland, Anja Olsen, Kim Overvad, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Marina Kvaskoff, Tilman Kühn, Annie Lukanova, Heiner Boeing, Brian Buijsse, Eleni Klinaki, Chrysanthi Tsimakidi, Alessio Naccarati, Giovanna Tagliabue, Salvatore Panico, Rosario Tumino, Domenico Palli, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Peter D. Siersema, Petra H. Peters, Eiliv Lund, Magritt Brustad, Karina Standahl Olsen, Elisabete Weiderpass, Raul Zamora-Ros, María-José Sánchez, Eva Ardanaz, Pilar Amiano, Carmen Navarro, J. Ramón Quirós, Mårten Werner, Malin Sund, Björn Lindkvist, Johan Malm, Ruth C. Travis, Kay-Tee Khaw, Magdalena Stepien, Augustin Scalbert, Isabelle Romieu, Pagona Lagiou, Elio Riboli, Mazda Jenab
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

The association between vitamin D status and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well investigated, despite experimental evidence supporting an important role of vitamin D in liver pathophysiology. Our objective was to investigate the association between prediagnostic circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum levels and the risk of HCC in a prospective, nested case-control study among 520,000 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Each case (n = 138) diagnosed between 1992 and 2010 was matched to one control by age, sex, study center, date and time of blood collection, and fasting status. Serum baseline levels of 25(OH)D were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable incident rate ratios (IRRs) of HCC associated with continuous (per 10 nmol/L) or categorical levels (tertiles or a priori -defined categories) of prediagnostic 25(OH)D were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with a 49% reduction in the risk of HCC (highest versus lowest tertile: multivariable IRR = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26 to 0.99; P trend = 0.04; per 10 nmol/L increase: IRR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.68–0.94). The finding did not vary substantially by time from enrolment to diagnosis, and did not change after adjustment for biomarkers of preexisting liver damage, nor chronic infection with hepatitis B or C viruses. The findings were not modified by body size or smoking status. Conclusion : In this prospective study on western European populations, serum levels of 25(OH)D were inversely associated with the risk of HCC. Given the rising incidence of this cancer in low-risk developed countries and the strong public health interest surrounding the potentially cancer-protective roles of vitamin D, additional studies in different populations are required. (Hepatology 2014;60:1222–1230)
Estrogen Receptor–Mediated, Nitric Oxide–Dependent Modulation of the Immunologic Barrier Function of the Endothelium
Authors: Carole Amant, Pernille Holm, Shu-hua Xu, Neil Tritman, Marianne Kearney, Douglas W. Losordo
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Premenopausal women have a lower incidence of coronary artery disease than postmenopausal women or same-age men. Although the mechanisms of this apparent relative protection against atherosclerosis remain ill defined, estradiol, which is present in higher concentrations before menopause, is considered to play a central role. Recently, Fas ligand (FasL) expression by the vascular endothelium has been shown to inhibit the migration of inflammatory cells into the vessel wall, an event that is considered crucial for the development of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results The regulation of endothelial FasL expression by estradiol was investigated in vivo and in vitro. In an ovariectomized, cholesterol-clamped rabbit model, FasL expression was shown to be downregulated by elevations in serum cholesterol, which also resulted in invasion of the arterial wall by macrophages. Estradiol replacement resulted in restoration of FasL expression, with resultant inhibition of leukocyte traffic across the endothelium. Inhibition of NO production by addition of L-NAME to the drinking water of the estradiol-treated rabbits abrogated these effects. In vitro, estradiol is shown to regulate FasL expression at the transcriptional level via an estrogen receptor–mediated, NO-dependent mechanism. Conclusions Estradiol transcriptionally regulates endothelial FasL expression by a mechanism involving at least one of the estrogen receptors. In an animal model of atherosclerosis, estradiol restores FasL expression, which is suppressed by atherogenic levels of serum cholesterol. The maintenance of endothelial FasL expression by estradiol may represent a mechanism of estrogen’s apparent antiatherogenic effect.
Therapeutic Effect of Rapamycin on Gallbladder Cancer in a Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Qi Wu, Kaoru Kiguchi, Toru Kawamoto, Tetsuo Ajiki, Jeanine Traag, Steve Carbajal, Lynnsie Ruffino, Howard Thames, Ignacio Wistuba, Melanie Thomas, Karen M. Vasquez, John DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The macrolide fungicide rapamycin has shown significant antiproliferative action toward a variety of tumor types. In this study, we used BK5.erbB2 transgenic mice as an animal model to examine the therapeutic effect of rapamycin as a potential treatment for gallbladder cancer. Homozygous BK5.erbB2 mice overexpressing the wild-type rat erbB2 gene in basal epithelial cells of the gallbladder have an ∼70% incidence of gallbladder adenocarcinoma by 2 to 3 months of age. Groups of mice (∼2–3 months of age) were treated with rapamycin by i.p. injection (once daily for 14 days) and then sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment. Rapamycin significantly reduced the incidence and severity of gallbladder carcinoma in BK5.erbB2 mice in a dose-dependent manner. Tumors responsive to treatment exhibited a higher number of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, rapamycin treatment led to decreased levels of phosphorylated p70 S6 kinase (Thr389) in gallbladder tissue as assessed by both Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Finally, immunofluorescence staining revealed elevated phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; Ser2448) in human gallbladder cancer compared with normal gallbladder tissue. Based on our results using a novel genetically engineered mouse model and the fact that the Akt/mTOR pathway is activated in human gallbladder cancer, rapamycin and related drugs may be effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of human gallbladder cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3794–800]
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous tissue inhibitors in skin lesions from patients with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Eleni Papakonstantinou, Alexander Dionyssopoulos, Alexios J. Aletras, Chrisanthi Pesintzaki, Aristippos Minas, George Karakiulakis
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2004)
Autocrine/paracrine TGFβ1 is required for the development of epidermal Langerhans cells
Authors: Daniel H. Kaplan, Ming O. Li, Matthew C. Jenison, Warren D. Shlomchik, Richard A. Flavell, Mark J. Shlomchik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Langerhans cells (LCs) are bone marrow (BM)–derived epidermal dendritic cells (DCs) that develop from precursors found in the dermis. Epidermal LCs are absent in transforming growth factor (TGF) β1-deficient mice. It is not clear whether TGFβ1 acts directly on LC precursors to promote maturation or whether it acts on accessory cells, which in turn affect LC precursors. In addition, the physiologic source of TGFβ1 is uncertain because BM chimera experiments showed that neither hematopoietic nor nonhematopoietic-derived TGFβ1 is required for LC development. To address these issues, we created mice transgenic for a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing the gene for human Langerin into which Cre recombinase had been inserted by homologous recombination (Langerin-Cre). These mice express Cre selectively in LCs, and they were bred to floxed TGFβRII and TGFβ1 mice, thereby generating mice with LCs that either cannot respond to or generate TGFβ1, respectively. Langerin-Cre TGFβRII mice had substantially reduced numbers of epidermal LCs, demonstrating that TGFβ1 acts directly on LCs in vivo. Interestingly, Langerin-Cre TGFβ1 mice also had very few LCs both in the steady state and after BM transplantation. Thus, TGFβ1 derived from LCs acts directly on LCs through an autocrine/paracrine loop, and it is required for LC development and/or survival.
Tai Chi Chuan Exercise Decreases A1C Levels Along With Increase of Regulatory T-Cells and Decrease of Cytotoxic T-Cell Population in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Shu-Hui Yeh, Hau Chuang, Li-Wei Lin, Chiu-Yueh Hsiao, Pei-Wen Wang, Kuender D. Yang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic syndrome associated with chronic inflammation (1–3). Although exercise training has been proven beneficial in treatment of type 2 diabetes (4,5), this preventive and therapeutic modality remains underused (5). Recently, evidence (6) indicates that physical inactivity can increase proinflammatory burden independently of obesity, and exercise may induce anti-inflammatory mediators (7). Strenuous exercise has been shown to augment proinflammatory reaction (8,9) and compromise adaptive immunity with a higher risk of upper respiratory tract infections (9,10). Moreover, strenuous exercise might also potentiate hypoglycemia in elderly diabetic patients (11). In contrast, certain studies show that moderate exercise enhances T-cell function (12) and decreases respiratory infections (13), which suggests that the volume of exercise is a critical element of inducing a positive or negative immune response in diabetic patients. Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) exercise, a traditional Chinese martial art that is classified as a moderate exercise because it does not demand >55% of maximal oxygen intake (14), can benefit balance and cardiovascular and respiratory function (14–16). We have previously shown (17) that a regular TCC exercise for 12 weeks significantly enhances functional mobility and regulatory T-cell function of normal adult volunteers; however, we could not assess the effect of TCC …
Vinflunine (Vfl) Plus Capecitabine (Cape) for Advanced Breast Cancer (Abc) Previously Treated with or Resistant to Anthracycline and Resistant to Taxane : a Phase 3 Study Versus Capecitabine
Authors: M. Martin, Y. Demidchik, I. Bondarenko, I. Siedakov, D. Sakaeva, S. Krishnamurthy, L. Roman, L. Lebedeva, F. Mefti, T. Bachelot, O. Ponomarova, S. Delaloge, I. Lytvyn, A. Kupp, Y. Karchmit, P. Bougnoux, M. Campone, M.S. Aapro
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Long-term Air Pollution Exposure and Acceleration of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Inflammation in an Animal Model
Authors: Qinghua Sun
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Recent studies have suggested a link between inhaled particulate matter exposure in urban areas and susceptibility to cardiovascular events; however, the precise mechanisms remain to be determined.To test the hypothesis that subchronic exposure to environmentally relevant particulate matter, even at low concentrations, potentiates atherosclerosis and alters vasomotor tone in a susceptible disease model.Between July 21, 2004, and January 12, 2005, 28 apolipoprotein E-/- (apoE-/-) mice were, based on randomized assignments, fed with normal chow or high-fat chow and exposed to concentrated ambient particles of less than 2.5 microm (PM2.5) or filtered air (FA) in Tuxedo, NY, for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for a total of 6 months.Composite atherosclerotic plaque in the thoracic and abdominal aorta and vasomotor tone changes.In the high-fat chow group, the mean (SD) composite plaque area of PM2.5 vs FA was 41.5% (9.8%) vs 26.2% (8.6%), respectively (P<.001); and in the normal chow group, the composite plaque area was 19.2% (13.1%) vs 13.2% (8.1%), respectively (P = .15). Lipid content in the aortic arch measured by oil red-O staining revealed a 1.5-fold increase in mice fed the high-fat chow and exposed to PM2.5 vs FA (30.0 [8.2] vs 20.0 [7.0]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-1.83; P = .02). Vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine and serotonin challenge in the thoracic aorta of mice fed high-fat chow and exposed to PM2.5 were exaggerated compared with exposure to FA (mean [SE], 134.2% [5.2%] vs 100.9% [2.9%], for phenylephrine, and 156.0% [5.6%] vs 125.1% [7.5%], for serotonin; both P = .03); relaxation to the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine was attenuated (mean [SE] of half-maximal dose for dilation, 8.9 [0.2] x 10(-8) vs 4.3 [0.1] x 10(-8), respectively; P = .04). Mice fed high-fat chow and exposed to PM2.5 demonstrated marked increases in macrophage infiltration, expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase, increased generation of reactive oxygen species, and greater immunostaining for the protein nitration product 3-nitrotyrosine (all P<.001).In an apoE-/- mouse model, long-term exposure to low concentration of PM2.5 altered vasomotor tone, induced vascular inflammation, and potentiated atherosclerosis.