tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of specific citrullination sites on fibrinogen in RA
Authors: E Ossipova, V Malmstrom, A I Catrina, L Klareskog, R Zubarev, P-J Jakobsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies are highly specifi c serological markers for rheumatoid arthritis.Citrullination is a post-translational modifi cation of charged arginine residues to neutral citrulline by peptidyl arginine deiminases.Induced expression of citrullinated proteins are frequently detected in various infl ammatory states including arthritis by anti-citrulline antibodies; however, direct identification and quantifi cation of citrullinated residues in arthritic samples has not been successfully performed in the past.Objectives The aim of this project was to identify by highresolution mass spectrometry citrullinated proteins and within them, to identify the citrullination sites and quantify their occupancies in synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Lifestyle Interventions Reduce Coronary Heart Disease Risk
Authors: Nisa M. Maruthur, Nae-Yuh Wang, Lawrence J. Appel
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Although trials of lifestyle interventions generally focus on cardiovascular disease risk factors rather than hard clinical outcomes, 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk can be estimated from the Framingham risk equations. Our objectives were to study the effect of 2 multicomponent lifestyle interventions on estimated CHD risk relative to advice alone and to evaluate whether differences can be observed in the effects of the lifestyle interventions among subgroups defined by baseline variables. Methods and Results— A total of 810 healthy adults with untreated prehypertension or stage I hypertension were randomized to 1 of 3 intervention groups: An “advice-only” group, an “established” group that used established lifestyle recommendations for blood pressure control (sodium reduction, weight loss, and increased physical activity), or an “established-plus-DASH” group that combined established lifestyle recommendations with the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. The primary outcome was 10-year CHD risk, estimated from follow-up data collected at 6 months. A secondary outcome was 10-year CHD risk at 18 months. Of the 810 participants, 62% were women and 34% were black. Mean age was 50 years, mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 135/85 mm Hg, and median baseline Framingham risk was 1.9%. The relative risk ratio comparing 6-month to baseline Framingham risk was 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.81 to 0.91, P &lt;0.001) in the established group and 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.94, P &lt;0.001) in the established-plus-DASH group relative to advice alone. Results were virtually identical in sensitivity analyses, in each major subgroup, and at 18 months. Conclusions— The observed reductions of 12% to 14% in estimated CHD risk are substantial and, if achieved, should have important public health benefits.
A Paper ON TRAUMATIC TUBERCULOSIS, TRAUMATIC PNEUMONIA, AND TRAUMATIC PLEURISY
Authors: F. P. Weber
Journal: BMJ (1910)

TRAUMATIC TUBERCULOSIS, PATHOLOGICALLY, it would doubtless be correct to assert that many cases of 'local or disseminated tuberculosis in the development of which traumatism has been alleged to play a more or less important part have not beenexamples of "traumatic tuberculosis " at all (the evolution of the disease having been quite independent of, and uninfluenced by, the trauma in question), and that all real "traumatic tuberculosis" (excepting that due to direct inoculation-see later) may be explained as tuberculosis which, as the result of a trauma, has been converted from a "latent" case-that is to say, one in which symptoms either did not exist or were not noticed-into a case with sufficient symptoms to render a diagnosis *possible.fClinically, cases of alleged traumatic tuberculosis may be divided into those due to direct inoculation from cuts, etc., and those due to injuaries by which taberele bacilli could not have been introduced from without.
Is there a direct relationship between serum level of methotrexate and clinical efficacy and tolerability?
Authors: Roy Fleischmann, Yusuf Yazici
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

We have read with interest the article by Schiff et al 1 comparing oral with subcutaneous administration of methotrexate (MTX). The authors, as one would have predicted, have shown that there is higher bioavailability of subcutaneous MTX compared with oral administration.2–4

We are somewhat confused, however, with the interpretation of some of the data.

First, Figure 1 in the article clearly shows that there is an increase in area under the curve (AUC) of MTX with an increase in dose of subcutaneous MTX up to 25 mg. The authors state that with an oral dose of MTX, the AUC plateaus at 15 mg. Yet, in figure 1, it appears there is an increase in AUC of oral MTX 15 mg from approximately 1850 ng.h/mL to approximately 2000 ng.h/mL with 20 mg of oral MTX. The recommended dose of MTX is …
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Deficiency Causes Collateral Vessel Rarefaction and Impairs Activation of a Cell Cycle Gene Network During Arteriogenesis
Authors: Xuming Dai, James E. Faber
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

The collateral circulation is tissue- and life-saving in obstructive arterial disease. Disappointing outcomes in clinical trials aimed at augmenting collateral growth highlight the need for greater understanding of collateral biology.The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in forming native (preexisting) collaterals and remodeling in obstructive disease are unknown or controversial issues, respectively.We compared the native collateral circulation in healthy tissue and collateral remodeling after femoral artery ligation (FAL) in wild-type and eNOS-knockout (KO) mice. Perfusion after FAL fell further in adult eNOS-KOs, in association with fewer native collaterals in hindlimb (confirmed in brain). This was not attributable to impaired collateral formation in the embryo-neonate, but rather from collateral loss during growth to adulthood. Compared to wild-type, eNOS-KOs evidenced reduced collateral remodeling, angiogenesis, and flow-mediated dilation of the arterial bed supplying the collaterals, resulting in lower perfusion and greater ischemic injury at all time points over 21 days following FAL. To probe the mechanism for impaired remodeling, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of isolated, remodeling hindlimb collaterals 24 hour after FAL. Upregulation of genes encoding cytokines/chemokines, inflammatory, stress response, and cell cycle proteins was evident in wild-type mice. In contrast, expression was lower in 40 of 44 cell cycle genes in eNOS-KO mice, in association with impaired proliferation of vascular wall cells.Our findings suggest a novel role for eNOS in maintaining native collateral density during natural growth to adulthood and in collateral remodeling in obstructive disease, the latter through regulation of cell proliferation.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha directly and indirectly regulates hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation: role of colony-stimulating factor receptor modulation.
Authors: S E Jacobsen, F W Ruscetti, C M Dubois, J R Keller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has been shown to both stimulate and inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in vitro, but its mechanisms of action are not known. We demonstrate that the direct effects of TNF-alpha on murine bone marrow progenitors are only inhibitory and mediated at least in part through downmodulation of colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF-R) expression. The stimulatory effects of TNF-alpha are indirectly mediated through production of hematopoietic growth factors, which subsequently results in increased granulocyte-macrophage CSF and interleukin 3 receptor expression. In addition, the effects of TNF-alpha (stimulatory or inhibitory) are strictly dependent on the particular CSF stimulating growth as well as the concentration of TNF-alpha present in culture. A model is proposed to explain how TNF-alpha might directly and indirectly regulate HPC growth through modulation of CSF-R expression.
Variants in the CDKN2B and RTEL1 regions are associated with high-grade glioma susceptibility
Authors: Margaret Wrensch, Robert B Jenkins, Jeffrey S Chang, Ru-Fang Yeh, Yuanyuan Xiao, Paul A Decker, Karla V Ballman, Mitchel Berger, Jan C Buckner, Susan Chang, Caterina Giannini, Chandralekha Halder, Thomas M Kollmeyer, Matthew L Kosel, Daniel H LaChance, Lucie McCoy, Brian P O'Neill, Joe Patoka, Alexander R Pico, Michael Prados, Charles Quesenberry, Terri Rice, Amanda L Rynearson, Ivan Smirnov, Tarik Tihan, Joe Wiemels, Ping Yang, John K Wiencke
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Strain Differences in Response of the Mouse Mammary Gland to Hormones &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D. V. Singh, K. B. DeOme, Howard A. Bern
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Seven strains of mice were examined in regard to the hormonal requirements for the induction of mammary lobuloalveolar differentiation in vitro. The RIII and Is required 5 days of pretreatment in vivo with estradiol and progesterone to show development in vitro; DBA/2, C3H, and BALB/c required 9 days; C57BL and A required 15 days. A greater length of pretreatment was correlated with the absence of the “inherited hormonal influence.” The minimal hormonal requirements in vitro varied with different strains. A concentration of 0.1 μg aldosterone per ml of medium was adequate for all strains except the A, which needed 1.0 μg/ml. Insulin requirements ranged from 0.5–2.5 μg/ml; prolactin and growth hormone requirements, from 0.1–5.0 μg/ml. These in vitro requirements and the “inherited hormonal influence” were not correlated.
Testing for Fragile X Gene Mutations Throughout the Life Span
Authors: Randi J. Hagerman, Paul J. Hagerman
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Real-time quantitative PCR to detect changes in synovial gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis after corticosteroid treatment
Authors: D. M Gerlag, D. L Boyle, S. Rosengren, T. Nash, P. P Tak, G. S Firestein
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Synovial biomarkers are increasingly important in the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To identify biomarkers correlating with changes in clinical disease activity, real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was used to evaluate changes in synovial gene expression after treatment with corticosteroids. Patients with active RA received either oral prednisolone (n = 10, 60 mg daily for the first week and 40 mg daily for the second week) or placebo (n = 11) for 14 days. Real-time Q-PCR was used to quantify gene expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL1β, IL8 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 in synovial tissue samples obtained through an arthroscopic procedure before and after treatment. mRNA levels were reported as relative expression units compared with a cell-based standard. Statistical analysis was performed using an analysis of covariance model. Prednisolone markedly decreased IL8 and MMP1 expression compared with placebo, and the CIs excluded the likelihood of no effect. A trend towards reduction was seen in IL1β and TNFα mRNA expression in the prednisolone group, although CIs included the value for no effect. These data suggest that Q-PCR can be used to measure synovial mRNA expression of mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of RA in small proof-of-concept trials.
Efficacy of handrubbing with alcohol based solution versus standard handwashing with antiseptic soap: randomised clinical trial
Authors: E. Girou
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To compare the efficacy of handrubbing with an alcohol based solution versus conventional handwashing with antiseptic soap in reducing hand contamination during routine patient care. <b>Design:</b> Randomised controlled trial during daily nursing sessions of 2 to 3 hours <b>Setting:</b> Three intensive care units in a French university hospital <b>Participants:</b> 23 healthcare workers <b>Interventions:</b> Handrubbing with alcohol based solution (n=12) or handwashing with antiseptic soap (n=11) when hand hygiene was indicated before and after patient care. Imprints taken of fingertips and palm of dominant hand before and after hand hygiene procedure. Bacterial counts quantified blindly <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Bacterial reduction of hand contamination. <b>Results:</b> With handrubbing the median percentage reduction in bacterial contamination was significantly higher than with handwashing (83% <i>v</i> 58%, P=0.012), with a median difference in the percentage reduction of 26% (95% confidence interval 8% to 44%). The medianduration of hand hygiene was 30 seconds in each group. <b>Conclusions:</b> During routine patient care handrubbing with an alcohol based solution is significantly more efficient in reducing hand contamination than handwashing with antiseptic soap.
The Mechanisms of Calcium Cycling and Action Potential Dynamics in Cardiac Alternans
Authors: Giedrius Kanaporis, Lothar A. Blatter
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Alternans is a risk factor for cardiac arrhythmia, including atrial fibrillation. At the cellular level alternans manifests as beat-to-beat alternations in contraction, action potential duration (APD), and magnitude of the Ca(2+) transient (CaT). Electromechanical and CaT alternans are highly correlated, however, it has remained controversial whether the primary cause of alternans is a disturbance of cellular Ca(2+) signaling or electrical membrane properties.To determine whether a primary failure of intracellular Ca(2+) regulation or disturbances in membrane potential and AP regulation are responsible for the occurrence of alternans in atrial myocytes.Pacing-induced APD and CaT alternans were studied in single rabbit atrial and ventricular myocytes using combined [Ca(2+)]i and electrophysiological measurements. In current-clamp experiments, APD and CaT alternans strongly correlated in time and magnitude. CaT alternans was observed without alternation in L-type Ca(2+) current, however, elimination of intracellular Ca(2+) release abolished APD alternans, indicating that [Ca(2+)]i dynamics have a profound effect on the occurrence of CaT alternans. Trains of 2 distinctive voltage commands in form of APs recorded during large and small alternans CaTs were applied to voltage-clamped cells. CaT alternans was observed with and without alternation in the voltage command shape. During alternans AP-clamp large CaTs coincided with both long and short AP waveforms, indicating that CaT alternans develop irrespective of AP dynamics.The primary mechanism underlying alternans in atrial cells, similarly to ventricular cells, resides in a disturbance of Ca(2+) signaling, whereas APD alternans are a secondary consequence, mediated by Ca(2+)-dependent AP modulation.
A quantitative assay for transformation of bone marrow cells by Abelson murine leukemia virus.
Authors: N Rosenberg, D Baltimore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

A quantitative Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) lymphoid cell transformation assay has been developed using a semisolid agarose culture system. Under these conditions lymphoid cell transformation was shown to vary linearly with the dose of A-MuLV used. The susceptibility of bone marrow cells from different strains of mice to A-MuLV-induced transformation can be estimated using the agarose assay. Strains with bone marrow cells of high, medium, and low susceptibility to A-MuLV can be identified. The assay has been used to study the susceptibility of cells from lymphoid organs of fetal and adult mice to A-MuLV. Cell suspensions from fetal liver, adult bone marrow, and adult spleen are susceptible to A-MuLV, while thymocytes are resistant to A-MuLV-induced transformation. Bovine serum albumin gradient fractionation of bone marrow cells before infection with A-MuLV demonstrates that the majority of A-MuLV-sensitive cells are recovered in a broad band partially overlapping the majority of the nucleated cells. The agarose assay system allows study of A-MuLV-lymphoid cell interaction at the level of single cell-single virus particle interaction.
Fusidic acid cream in the treatment of impetigo in general practice: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: S. Koning
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To test the hypothesis that fusidic acid would not increase the treatment effect of disinfecting with povidone-iodine alone in children with impetigo. <b>Design:</b> Randomised placebo controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> General practices in Greater Rotterdam. <b>Participants:</b> 184 children aged 0-12 years with impetigo. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Clinical cure and bacterial cure after one week. <b>Results:</b> After one week of treatment 55% of the patients in the fusidic acid group were clinically cured compared with 13% in the placebo group (odds ratio 12.6, 95% confidence interval 5.0 to 31.5, number needed to treat 2.3). After two weeks and four weeks the differences in cure rates between the two groups had become smaller. More children in the placebo group were non-compliant (12 <i>v</i> 5) and received extra antibiotic treatment (11 <i>v</i> 3), and more children in the placebo group reported adverse effects (19 <i>v</i> 7). <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was found in 96% of the positive cultures; no strains were resistant to fusidic acid. <b>Conclusions:</b> Fusidic acid is much more effective than placebo (when both are given in combination with povidone-iodine shampoo) in the treatment of impetigo. Because of the low rate of cure and high rate of adverse events in the placebo group, the value of povidone-iodine in impetigo can be questioned. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Impetigo is the most common skin infection in children Fusidic acid, which is advocated as topical treatment in several countries, has never been investigated in a placebo controlled study <h3>What this study adds</h3> In combination with povidone-iodine, treatment with fusidic acid is much more effective than placebo None of the strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated at baseline showed resistance to fusidic acid The value of treatment with povidone-iodine alone can be questioned
Involvement of the Activin-Follistatin System in Tubular Regeneration after Renal Ischemia in Rats
Authors: AKITO MAESHIMA, YOU-QING ZHANG, YOSHIHISA NOJIMA, TAKUJI NARUSE, ITARU KOJIMA
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. This study was conducted to investigate the involvement of the activin-follistatin system in renal regeneration after ischemic injury. Expression of mRNA for the activin β A subunit was not detected in normal kidneys but increased markedly after renal ischemia. Immunoreactive β A subunit was detected in tubular cells of the outer medulla in ischemic but not normal kidneys. Expression of mRNA for follistatin, an antagonist of activin A, was abundant in tubular cells of the outer medulla in normal kidneys and decreased significantly after renal ischemia. For assessment of the role of the activin-follistatin system in renal regeneration after ischemic injury, recombinant follistatin was intravenously infused into rats with renal ischemia, at the time of reperfusion. Exogenous follistatin prevented the histologic changes induced by ischemic injury, reduced apoptosis in tubular cells, and accelerated tubular cell proliferation. Serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower in follistatin-treated rats. Conversely, intravenous administration of recombinant activin A inhibited tubular cell proliferation after ischemic injury. These results indicate that the activin-follistatin system participates in renal regeneration after ischemic injury. Follistatin administered intravenously accelerates renal regeneration after renal ischemia, presumably by blocking the actions of endogenous activin.
Homeless families in England report high levels of depression
Authors: Tiago Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Depression is one of the main problems affecting the health of people living in temporary accommodation, according to a report by Shelter, a UK organisation dedicated to tackling homelessness and bad housing.

The report is based on a survey conducted by Shelter of 2000 homeless households (single people and families). A total of 417 households, from nine local authorities in London, the South East, South West, North, and Midlands, replied to the survey. Of the 375 households who responded to the specific section on health 78% reported at least one specific health problem.

Fifty six per cent of the 375 respondents reported feeling depressed. Around half of the parents with children and 71% of childless people reported feeling depressed.

In its report Shelter said that there were many reasons for the respondents' depression, including the current …
61 FACTORS INFLUENCING PROGRESSION OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: RESULTS OF THE 3-YEAR T2S-918-HCV STUDY WITH HCVE1 THERAPEUTIC VACCINATION
Authors: H. Wedemeyer, W. Mazur, F. Nevens, Y. Horsmans, M. Adler, H. Blum, M. Inglot, G. Gerken, E. Janczewska, T. Roskams, V. Desmet, J.Y. Renault, E. Joos, E. Coart, G. Maertens, H. De Winter
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)