tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bromocriptine (Ergoset) Reduces Body Weight and Improves Glucose Tolerance in Obese Subjects
Authors: Anthony H Cincotta, Albert H Meier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE A double-blind placebo controlled study investigated long-term effects of Ergoset, a new quick release formulation of bromocriptine, on body weight, body fat, and glucose tolerance in a group (n = 17) of obese subjects who were instructed to follow a moderate hypocaloric diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Obese individuals (&amp;gt; 25% body fat for men and &amp;gt; 30% body fat for women) were instructed to follow a calorie-restricted diet (70% of weight maintaining based on study entry weight) and were randomized to daily treatment with Ergoset (1.6–2.4 mg/day) or placebo at 0800 over an 18-week treatment period. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on subjects before initiation and again at termination of treatment. Body weight and body fat (determined by skinfold measurements) were quantified every 2 weeks during the course of treatment. RESULTS Ergoset treatment for 18 weeks significantly reduced body weight and body fat versus placebo (6.3 ± 1.5 and 5.4 ± 1.1 kg vs. 0.9 ± 1.0 and 1.5 ± 0.6 kg. respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Ergoset, but not placebo, also improved glucose tolerance (P &amp;lt; 0.02); the stimulated area under the oral glucose tolerance curve was reduced by 46% (from 121 ± 23 to 64 ± 32 mg · h−1 · dl−1), while the stimulated area under the insulin curve was reduced by 30%. CONCLUSIONS When combined with instruction to follow a moderate hypocaloric diet, Ergoset, but not placebo, improves glucose tolerance and promotes significant weight and body fat loss in obese subjects over an 18- week treatment period.
Outcome Reporting in Neoadjuvant Surgical Trials: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Proposals for New Standards
Authors: N. S. Blencowe, P. Chana, R. N. Whistance, D. Stevens, N. A. C. S. Wong, S. J. Falk, J. M. Blazeby
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

The use of neoadjuvant therapy before surgery for gastrointestinal cancer is increasing; however, patients may not complete both treatment components. Understanding completion rates of each treatment stage is necessary for treatment evaluation and to inform decision-making. This study evaluates reporting for recent neoadjuvant surgical trials, focusing on treatment progression and other key outcomes. Systematic literature searches identified randomized and nonrandomized phase II and III studies evaluating neoadjuvant treatment and surgery for esophageal, stomach, and colorectal cancer, and colorectal liver metastases. Rates of reporting of failure to complete neoadjuvant treatment, nonprogression to surgery after neoadjuvant treatment, and nonresection at planned surgery were assessed. For each measure, reporting was categorized as “full,” “partial,” and “absent” according to predefined criteria, and reasons for nonprogression at each stage of treatment were examined to inform proposed standards. Of 9854 abstracts, 123 papers were reviewed and 62 articles were included, reporting outcomes for 9126 patients. Details of noncompletion of neoadjuvant treatment and nonprogression to surgery were completely absent in 21 (33.9%) and 19 (30.6%) studies, respectively. Reporting of nonresection at planned surgery was also deficient, with 21 (33.9%) studies providing no information about this outcome. Reasons for noncompletion and nonprogression were similar and included disease progression, treatment toxicity, and patient choice. Common reasons for nonresection were locally advanced disease and the discovery of unsuspected metastases. Reports of recent neoadjuvant surgical trials often fail to include treatment progression and other key outcomes. These findings support the need for minimum reporting standards.
Interactions, Functions, and Independence of Plasma Membrane STIM1 and TRPC1 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Jing Li, Piruthivi Sukumar, Carol J. Milligan, Bhaskar Kumar, Zhi-Yong Ma, Christopher M. Munsch, Lin-Hua Jiang, Karen E. Porter, David J. Beech
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a predicted single membrane-spanning protein involved in store-operated calcium entry and interacting with ion channels including TRPC1. Here, we focus on endogenous STIM1 of modulated vascular smooth muscle cells, which exhibited a nonselective cationic current in response to store depletion despite strong buffering of intracellular calcium at the physiological concentration. STIM1 mRNA and protein were detected and suppressed by specific short interfering RNA. Calcium entry evoked by store depletion was partially inhibited by STIM1 short interfering RNA, whereas calcium release was unaffected. STIM1 short interfering RNA suppressed cell migration but not proliferation. Antibody that specifically bound STIM1 revealed constitutive extracellular N terminus of STIM1 and extracellular application of the antibody caused fast inhibition of the current evoked by store depletion. The antibody also inhibited calcium entry and cell migration but not proliferation. STIM1 interacted with TRPC1, and TRPC1 contributed partially to calcium entry and cationic current. However, the underlying processes could not be explained only by a STIM1-TRPC1 partnership because extracellular TRPC1 antibody suppressed cationic current only in a fraction of cells, TRPC1-containing channels were important for cell proliferation as well as migration, and cell surface localization studies revealed TRPC1 alone, as well as with STIM1. The data suggest a complex situation in which there is not only plasma membrane-spanning STIM1 that is important for cell migration and TRPC1-independent store-operated cationic current but also TRPC1-STIM1 interaction, a TRPC1-dependent component of store-operated current, and STIM1-independent TRPC1 linked to cell proliferation.
Myocardial contractile function during ischemia and hypoxia.
Authors: D G Allen, C H Orchard
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

There is good evidence that elevated [Ca2+]i, produced by an influx of Ca2+ in exchange for Na+, is the underlying pathology in reperfusion or reoxygenation damage. Further measurements of [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i during ischemia and reperfusion, coupled with information about metabolic levels, are needed to confirm or refute this hypothesis. Contributions to cell damage by other mechanisms, e.g., oxygen free radicals, certainly cannot yet be excluded.
40-Year Follow-Up After the Fontan Operation
Authors: Kavitha N. Pundi, Jonathan N. Johnson, Joseph A. Dearani, Krishna N. Pundi, Zhuo Li, Cynthia A. Hinck, Sonja H. Dahl, Bryan C. Cannon, Patrick W. O’Leary, David J. Driscoll, Frank Cetta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Methylene blue decreases brain mitochondrial ABAD and amyloid beta levels protecting mitochondrial functions in LPS-mouse model
Authors: Reham M Abdel-Kader, Aya Zakaria, Nabila Hamdi
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Background Methylene blue (MB) is lately being proposed to be effective in treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Phase 2 clinical trials reported improvements in cognitive functions of AD patients after MB treatment. One of the main mechanisms of action that has been described for MB is inhibition of Tau aggregation [1]. Moreover, its antioxidant and mitochondrial protection have been previously described [2]. Only recently, a study using a triple transgenic AD mouse model has tested the mechanism of MB in vivo, showing improved cognition and reduced Ab levels after MB treatment [3]. Recently, the mitochondrial enzyme Amyloid binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) has been shown to bind Ab inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, providing a direct relation between Ab and mitochondrial dysfunction occurring in AD. Previous studies have shown that inhibiting ABAD protects mitochondrial functions and prevented Ab-induced toxicity [4][5]. Taking into consideration the mitochondrial protective effect of MB and the recent data suggesting its ability to reduce Ab levels, our aim was to investigate the effect of MB on ABAD and mitochondrial function in an LPS mouse model that has been previously described to induce memory impairment, with Ab accumulation in hippocampus and cerebral cortex [6].
Results of the CONFIRM Phase III Trial Comparing Fulvestrant 250 mg With Fulvestrant 500 mg in Postmenopausal Women With Estrogen Receptor–Positive Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Angelo Di Leo, Guy Jerusalem, Lubos Petruzelka, Roberto Torres, Igor N. Bondarenko, Rustem Khasanov, Didier Verhoeven, José L. Pedrini, Iya Smirnova, Mikhail R. Lichinitser, Kelly Pendergrass, Sally Garnett, Justin P.O. Lindemann, Francisco Sapunar, Miguel Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose We compared fulvestrant 500 mg regimen with the approved dose of fulvestrant 250 mg per month for treatment of postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive advanced breast cancer who experienced progression after prior endocrine therapy. Patients and Methods Comparison of Faslodex in Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer (CONFIRM) is a double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter, phase III study. Patients were randomly assigned to fulvestrant 500 mg (500 mg intramuscularly [IM] on day 0, then 500 mg IM on days 14 and 28 and every 28 days thereafter) or 250 mg every 28 days. Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included objective response rate, clinical benefit rate (CBR), duration of clinical benefit (DoCB), overall survival (OS), and quality of life (QOL). Results PFS was significantly longer for fulvestrant 500 mg (n = 362) than 250 mg (n = 374) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.94; P = .006), corresponding to a 20% reduction in risk of progression. Objective response rate was similar for fulvestrant 500 mg and 250 mg (9.1% v 10.2%, respectively). CBR was 45.6% for fulvestrant 500 mg and 39.6% for fulvestrant 250 mg. DoCB and OS were 16.6 and 25.1 months, respectively, for the 500-mg group, whereas DoCB and OS were 13.9 and 22.8 months, respectively, in the 250-mg group. Fulvestrant 500 mg was well tolerated with no dose-dependent adverse events. QOL was similar for both arms. Conclusion Fulvestrant 500 mg was associated with a statistically significant increase in PFS and not associated with increased toxicity, corresponding to a clinically meaningful improvement in benefit versus risk compared with fulvestrant 250 mg.
International Consensus Conference on High-Dose Therapy With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas: Report of the Jury
Authors: M.A. Shipp, M.D. Abeloff, K.H. Antman, G. Carroll, A. Hagenbeek, M. Loeffler, E. Montserrat, J.A. Radford, G. Salles, N. Schmitz, M. Symann, J.O. Armitage, T. Philip, B. Coiffier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

Article Tools SPECIAL ARTICLE Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.1.423 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10458261 International Consensus Conference on High-Dose Therapy With Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas: Report of the Jury M.A. ShippxM.A. ShippSearch for articles by this author , M.D. AbeloffxM.D. AbeloffSearch for articles by this author , K.H. AntmanxK.H. AntmanSearch for articles by this author , G. CarrollxG. CarrollSearch for articles by this author , A. HagenbeekxA. HagenbeekSearch for articles by this author , M. LoefflerxM. LoefflerSearch for articles by this author , E. MontserratxE. MontserratSearch for articles by this author , J.A. RadfordxJ.A. RadfordSearch for articles by this author , G. SallesxG. SallesSearch for articles by this author , N. SchmitzxN. SchmitzSearch for articles by this author , M. SymannxM. SymannSearch for articles by this author , J.O. ArmitagexJ.O. ArmitageSearch for articles by this author , T. PhilipxT. PhilipSearch for articles by this author , B. CoiffierxB. CoiffierSearch for articles by this author Show More https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.1.423 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Neutrophil-endothelial cell interaction: evidence in vitro for a regulation by endothelial cells of neutrophil functions
Authors: P Lassalle, Y Delneste, P Gosset, B Wallaert, AB Tonnel, JP Dessaint, A Capron
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) triggered by ionophore A23187 at different doses (0.5-2.5 microM) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). EC supernatants were shown to contain neutrophil chemoattractant activity (NCA) and in parallel a factor inducing an inhibition of PMN chemiluminescence (PMN CL). Supernatants obtained from EC triggered by A23187 exhibited a high level of NCA (73 +/- 5 PMN.hpf-1 compared to 21 +/- 4 PMN.hpf-1 in untreated EC supernatants, p less than 0.01). This NCA was independent from arachidonic acid metabolites, since indomethacin and nordi-hydroguaiaretic acid failed to suppress the chemotactic activity. Using gel filtration chromatography (AcA 54) the NCA was recovered in a single peak of apparent molecular weight of 37,000 +/- 4,000 daltons. Checkerboard analysis indicated that NCA exhibited both chemotactic and chemokinetic activities. In addition, supernatants of A23187-stimulated EC, and at a lesser degree, supernatants of unstimulated EC, inhibited PMN CL induced by N-formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine (61% inhibition, p less than 0.05), and by A23187 itself (80% inhibition, p less than 0.01), but not that induced by phorbol-myristate-acetate. Indomethacin and protamine sulphate did not modulate this inhibitory activity. By contrast, EC-derived inhibitory activity was inhibited (50%) by an adenosine antagonist (8-phenyltheophylline), indicating a participation of adenosine in this inhibitory activity of PMN CL. These data suggest the possibility that activated endothelial cells could both enhance PMN migration and protect themselves against potential damaging effects of oxygen metabolites produced by PMN, particularly during transvascular migration.
Biliary lipids, faecal steroids, and liver function in patients with chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis: significance of hepatic orcein-stained complexes.
Authors: Y A Kesaniemi, T A Miettinen, M P Salaspuro
Journal: Gut (1981)

Biliary lipids, faecal steroids, and serum bile acids were studied in patients with chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. The results were correlated with excretory and parenchymal liver function tests and with the presence or absence of orcein-positive copper-protein complexes in histological liver specimens. In general, faecal bile acids, but not neutral and total sterols, correlated negatively with the percentage of biliary cholic acid, serum cholesterol, and serum bile acids and positively with the percentage of biliary deoxycholic acid. In orcein-positive subjects-indicative of long-standing cholestasis-the bile was undersaturated with cholesterol, biliary deoxycholic acid was subnormal, cholic acid correspondingly increased, and serum cholesterol and bile acids were raised. Only patients with marked impairment of both excretory and parenchymal liver functions had a decreased output of neutral sterols, bile acids, and total steroids, and, thus, low bile acid and cholesterol synthesis. The findings indicate that mild disturbances in parenchymal liver function infrequently cause major changes in cholesterol metabolism, while abnormalities in secretory liver function-in orcein-positive subjects especially-are frequently associated with proportionate changes in parameters of cholesterol metabolism.
The role of the nose in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring
Authors: M. Kohler, K. E. Bloch, J. R. Stradling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Data from observational studies suggest that nasal obstruction contributes to the pathogenesis of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). To define more accurately the relationship between snoring, OSA and nasal obstruction, the current authors have summarised the literature on epidemiological and physiological studies, and performed a systematic review of randomised controlled trials in which the effects of treating nasal obstruction on snoring and OSA were investigated. Searches of bibliographical databases revealed nine trials with randomised controlled design. External nasal dilators were used in five studies, topically applied steroids in one, nasal decongestants in two, and surgical treatment in one study. Data from studies using nasal dilators, intranasal steroids and decongestants to relieve nasal congestion showed beneficial effects on sleep architecture, but only minor improvement of OSA symptoms or severity. Snoring seemed to be reduced by nasal dilators. Nasal surgery also had minimal impact on OSA symptoms. In conclusion, chronic nasal obstruction seems to play a minor role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea, and seems to be of some relevance in the origin of snoring. The impact of treating nasal obstruction in patients with snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea on long-term outcome remains to be defined through randomised controlled trials of medical and surgical therapies.
Automated, electronic alerts for acute kidney injury: a single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial
Authors: F Perry Wilson, Michael Shashaty, Jeffrey Testani, Iram Aqeel, Yuliya Borovskiy, Susan S Ellenberg, Harold I Feldman, Hilda Fernandez, Yevgeniy Gitelman, Jennie Lin, Dan Negoianu, Chirag R Parikh, Peter P Reese, Richard Urbani, Barry Fuchs
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Modulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue adipokines by TNF- blockade therapy in patients with inflammatory arthritides
Authors: L. Senolt, M. Kuklova, L. Bosanska, L. Andres Cerezo, H. Hulejova, M. Filkova, K. Pavelka, M. Haluzik, J. Vencovsky
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> Increased adiposity has been recently shown to protect against radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, low adiponectin serum levels were suggested as mechanistic link between high adiposity and decreased radiographic damage in RA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that beneficial effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockade therapy may be associated with local changes of adipokines in subcutaneous adipose tissue. <h3>Methods</h3> Samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue for protein analysis were obtained from the same abdominal region in patients with RA (n=9) and ankylosing spondylitis (n=4) prior to and 6 months after the commencement of etanercept. Commercial ELISA assays were used for detection of subcutaneous adipose tissue concentrations of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, vaspin and omentin. Western blotting was used to confirm modulated levels of the protein(s). <h3>Results</h3> Subcutaneous adipose tissue concentrations of IL-1, TNF-α, leptin, resistin, visfatin, vaspin and omentin have not changed during the observation period. However, the levels of adiponectin and IL-6 decreased significantly 6 months following initiation of etanercept therapy (from 35.65±16.45 μg/ml to 15.70±10.40 μg/ml (p=0.003) and from 102.36±45.26 pg/ml to 79.66±31.92 (p=0.049), respectively). This observation was confirmed by western blotting. None of the cytokines or adipokines was associated with serum C-reactive protein. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Beneficial effect of TNF-α blockade therapy on structural joint damage in patients with inflammatory arthritides may be, at least in part, mediated through the decrease of subcutaneous adipose tissue adiponectin and IL-6.
Analysis of Catheter-Tip (8-mm) and Actual Tissue Temperatures Achieved During Radiofrequency Ablation at the Orifice of the Pulmonary Vein
Authors: T. Jared Bunch, G. Keith Bruce, Susan B. Johnson, Alvaro Sarabanda, Mark A. Milton, Douglas L. Packer
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Many ablative approaches in or near the orifice of the pulmonary vein (PV) have demonstrated success in eliminating atrial fibrillation. Despite current practice, there are no data regarding the in vivo efficacy and safety of an 8-mm catheter tip for ablation at the PV orifice.Ten mongrel dogs were studied. Thermocouples were implanted in the atrial muscle of the PV orifice. Intracardiac echocardiography monitored catheter position, tip/tissue orientation, and microbubble formation. Ninety-four ablations were performed for 120 seconds. A temperature discrepancy >10 degrees C between the catheter tip and tissue occurred during 47 (50%) of the ablations. Despite termination of energy delivery, the average tissue temperature remained within 1 degrees C of the achieved steady state for 9 seconds. A temperature discrepancy >10 degrees C was more common in the right superior PV, with oblique catheter positioning, when tissue temperatures were >60 degrees C or 80 degrees C, and with type 1 or type 2 microbubble formation. However, microbubbles were not present in 7 (13%, type 1) and 10 (40%, type 2) ablations with tissue temperatures >80 degrees C. The maximum tissue temperature achieved with non-full-thickness lesions was 47.3+/-7.4 degrees C vs 75.9+/-11.7 degrees C (P<0.0001) for full-thickness lesions.Marked discrepancies between catheter-tip and tissue temperatures occurred with higher temperatures, prolonged ablation times, and unfavorable catheter thermistor-tissue contact. Also, these data suggest a conservative approach to atrial ablation, because full-thickness lesions were obtained when tissue temperatures reached 50 degrees C to 60 degrees C and the tissue retained high heat levels despite termination of radiofrequency energy. Finally, microbubbles are inconsistent markers of tissue overheating.
Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Behavioral Couples Therapy in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Comparative Evaluation in Community-Based Addiction Treatment Centers
Authors: Ellen Vedel, Paul M.G. Emmelkamp, Gerard M. Schippers
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Alcohol abuse serves as a chronic stressor between partners and has a deleterious effect on relationship functioning. Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT) for alcohol dependence, studied as an adjunct to individual outpatient counseling, has shown to be effective in decreasing alcohol consumption and enhancing marital functioning, but no study has directly tested the comparative effectiveness of stand-alone BCT versus an individually focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in a clinical community sample. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The present study is a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of stand-alone BCT (n = 30) compared to individual CBT (n = 34) in the treatment of alcohol use disorders in community treatment centers in Dutch male and female alcoholics and their partners. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Results show both BCT and CBT to be effective in changing drinking behavior after treatment. BCT was not found to be superior to CBT. Marital satisfaction of the spouse increased significantly in the BCT condition but not in the CBT condition, the differences being significant at the post-test. Patients’ self-efficacy to withstand alcohol-related high-risk situations increased significantly in both treatment conditions, but more so in CBT than in BCT after treatment. Treatment involvement of the spouse did not increase retention. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Regular practitioners in community treatment centers can effectively deliver both treatments. Stand-alone BCT is as effective as CBT in terms of reduced drinking and to some extent more effective in terms of enhancing relationship satisfaction. However, BCT is a more costly intervention, given that treatment sessions lasted almost twice as long as individual CBT sessions.