tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temperature Observation Time and Type Influence Estimates of Heat-Related Mortality in Seven U.S. Cities
Authors: Robert E. Davis, David M. Hondula, Anjali P. Patel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Extreme heat is a leading weather-related cause of mortality in the United States, but little guidance is available regarding how temperature variable selection impacts heat-mortality relationships.We examined how the strength of the relationship between daily heat-related mortality and temperature varies as a function of temperature observation time, lag, and calculation method.Long time series of daily mortality counts and hourly temperature for seven U.S. cities with different climates were examined using a generalized additive model. The temperature effect was modeled separately for each hour of the day (with up to 3-day lags) along with different methods of calculating daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperature. We estimated the temperature effect on mortality for each variable by comparing the 99th versus 85th temperature percentiles, as determined from the annual time series.In three northern cities (Boston, MA; Philadelphia, PA; and Seattle, WA) that appeared to have the greatest sensitivity to heat, hourly estimates were consistent with a diurnal pattern in the heat-mortality response, with strongest associations for afternoon or maximum temperature at lag 0 (day of death) or afternoon and evening of lag 1 (day before death). In warmer, southern cities, stronger associations were found with morning temperatures, but overall the relationships were weaker. The strongest temperature-mortality relationships were associated with maximum temperature, although mean temperature results were comparable.There were systematic and substantial differences in the association between temperature and mortality based on the time and type of temperature observation. Because the strongest hourly temperature-mortality relationships were not always found at times typically associated with daily maximum temperatures, temperature variables should be selected independently for each study location. In general, heat-mortality was more closely coupled to afternoon and maximum temperatures in most cities we examined, particularly those typically prone to heat-related mortality.Davis RE, Hondula DM, Patel AP. 2016. Temperature observation time and type influence estimates of heat-related mortality in seven U.S. cities. Environ Health Perspect 124:795-804; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509946.
Efficacy of transfusion with granulocytes from G-CSF/dexamethasone–treated donors in neutropenic patients with infection
Authors: Thomas H. Price, Michael Boeckh, Ryan W. Harrison, Jeffrey McCullough, Paul M. Ness, Ronald G. Strauss, W. Garrett Nichols, Taye H. Hamza, Melissa M. Cushing, Karen E. King, Jo-Anne H. Young, Eliot Williams, Janice McFarland, Jennifer Holter Chakrabarty, Steven R. Sloan, David Friedman, Samir Parekh, Bruce S. Sachais, Joseph E. Kiss, Susan F. Assmann
Journal: Blood (2015)
Long noncoding RNA <i>Chast</i> promotes cardiac remodeling
Authors: Janika Viereck, Regalla Kumarswamy, Ariana Foinquinos, Ke Xiao, Petros Avramopoulos, Meik Kunz, Marcus Dittrich, Tobias Maetzig, Karina Zimmer, Janet Remke, Annette Just, Jasmin Fendrich, Kristian Scherf, Emiliano Bolesani, Axel Schambach, Frank Weidemann, Robert Zweigerdt, Leon J. de Windt, Stefan Engelhardt, Thomas Dandekar, Sandor Batkai, Thomas Thum
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2016)

Recent studies highlighted long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to play an important role in cardiac development. However, understanding of lncRNAs in cardiac diseases is still limited. Global lncRNA expression profiling indicated that several lncRNA transcripts are deregulated during pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Using stringent selection criteria, we identified Chast (cardiac hypertrophy-associated transcript) as a potential lncRNA candidate that influences cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cell fractionation experiments indicated that Chast is specifically up-regulated in cardiomyocytes in vivo in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-operated mice. In accordance, CHAST homolog in humans was significantly up-regulated in hypertrophic heart tissue from aortic stenosis patients and in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes upon hypertrophic stimuli. Viral-based overexpression of Chast was sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. GapmeR-mediated silencing of Chast both prevented and attenuated TAC-induced pathological cardiac remodeling with no early signs on toxicological side effects. Mechanistically, Chast negatively regulated Pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein family M member 1 (opposite strand of Chast), impeding cardiomyocyte autophagy and driving hypertrophy. These results indicate that Chast can be a potential target to prevent cardiac remodeling and highlight a general role of lncRNAs in heart diseases.
Phase I study of gadolinium texaphyrin in newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Authors: E. G. Shaw, S. A. Grossman, K. A. Carson, J. D. Fisher, L. Kleinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

2064 Background: Gadolinium texaphyrin (Gad Tex) is a putative radiosensitizer which inhibits cellular respiration resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species and induces apoptosis (Drugs R D. 2004; 5(1):52–7). Methods: The New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy (NABTT) consortium conducted a prospective phase I dose-escalation trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose of Gad Tex along with brain radiation therapy (RT) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme with KPS &gt; 60. RT was 60 Gy in 30 fractions, 5 days per week over 6 weeks, to localized treatment fields. Two different dosing regimens of Gad Tex were utilized. In regimen A, the initial dose was 2.5 mg/kg with each daily fraction of RT whereas in regimen B it was 5.5 mg/kg with every fraction of RT. Gad Tex was administered 2–5 hours before each radiation treatment. Results: The initial dose in both regimen A and B was found not to be tolerable. Of three patients treated at 2.5 mg/kg/dose on regimen A (daily dosing), one completed planned therapy (30 doses of Gad Tex), one had treatment stopped after 16 doses of Gad Tex when diffuse pulmonary infiltrates with shortness of breath developed and returned after rechallenge with an additional dose of Gad Tex, and one patient developed an allergic reaction after 15 doses of Gad Tex which returned on rechallenge. Of three patients treated at 5.5 mg/kg/dose (qod dosing) on regimen B, one completed planned therapy (15 doses of Gad Tex) after a dose reduction related for skin blisters, and the other two patients discontinued treatment after 9 doses of Gad Tex for debilitating skin blisters. Conclusions: Gad Tex was poorly tolerated as administered in this small phase I study as 4 of 6 patients experienced dose limiting toxicities. As such, NABTT elected not to pursue this drug in subsequent clinical trials. However, similar or more intensive regimens utilizing Gad Tex in combination with brain RT have been successfully administered in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma and brain metastases. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cytology and Quantitative Cytochemistry of a Proliferative Atypical Hemocytic Condition in Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia, Mollusca) 2 3
Authors: D. M. Lowe, M. N. Moore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Proliferative lesions were found in 16 of 994 Mytilus edulis mussels obtained from the mouth of the River Lynher at Plymouth, England. These lesions were characterized by infiltration and replacement of the connective tissue by enlarged, atypical, mitotically active, basophilic, hemocyte-like cells. Cytologic examination indicated the involvement of two cell types in this disorder, both of which were similar in appearance to the much smaller, normal basophilic agranular hemocyte. The abnormal cells were rich in cytoplasmic RNA and had significantly higher DNA levels than normal hemocytes as determined by scanning microdensitometry. A few of the atypical cells contained small cytoplasmic granules that were positive for lysosomal hydrolases. This condition was observed sequentially from what is believed to be the earliest stage of the disease, in which only a few atypical cells were present, to the terminal stage, in which the connective tissue was almost completely replaced and the digestive gland cells were necrotized. Some potentially carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons have been identified in the substrate of the mussel bed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
Association of dyslipidemia with the aggressive molecular subtypes and pathologic profile of newly diagnosed nonmetastatic breast cancer patients.
Authors: Herdee Gloriane Cristal Luna, Cher Alaine Cristal Luna, Gloria R. Cristal-Luna, Cesar Vilela Luna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

19 Background: To investigate the association of dyslipidemia with the aggressive pathologic profile and molecular subtypes among the premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective review of Filipino breast cancer patients from 1990 to 2010 from an oncology clinic was done. Patients were grouped to pre- and post-menopausal and each group were divided to those with and without dyslipidemia. Association of dyslipidemia with breast cancer aggressiveness, (1) by pathology (histopathologic diagnosis, grade, invasion, TNM stage) and (2) by molecular phenotype (using the hormone status: estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity) and HER-2 neu status (overexpression by immunohistochemical stain / gene amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization), was assessed using Fisher exact test. Results: Among 728 breast cancer patients, 201 met the inclusion criteria with 103 premenopausal (36 with dyslipidemia, 67 without dyslipidemia) and 98 were postmenopausal (42 with dyslipidemia, 56 without dyslipidemia). Significant association was noted only among pre-menopausal in terms of the molecular phenotypes (p value 0.002) when compared to individual parameters: total cholesterol (p value &lt;0.001), LDL (p value &lt;0.001), HDL (p value 0.006), and triglyceride (p value &lt;0.001). Conclusions: Dyslipidemia was not found to be a factor associated with aggressiveness of breast cancer in terms of the pathology for both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal groups. Only among premenopausal patients was dyslipidemia shown to be a significant marker of aggressiveness in terms of poorer molecular subset (luminal B, HER-2, basal like). This finding was not observed among post-menopausal group.
The global threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis [editorial]
Authors: Snider De, Castro Kg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

This editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine responds to a current issue article that reports on drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in 35 countries or regions.  Findings that should be a cause of great concern include: 1) resistance to at least 1 drug among 2-41% of patients with no history of prior treatment; 2) resistance to any drug among 5.3-100% of patients and of multidrug resistance among 0-54% of patients with histories of more than 1 months prior treatment; and 3) drug resistance existing in all countries/regions surveyed.  Multidrug treatment regimens were developed in the 1950s to overcome resistance arising from spontaneous mutations.  However inadequate prescribing and patient noncompliance caused drug resistance to continue to emerge in some patients who then transmitted drug-resistant strains to their contacts.  The frequency of this transmission was thought to be low from the 1950s to the 1980s but the situation has changed recently with the emergence of HIV infections.  Many countries affected by HIV and increases in TB cannot afford TB treatment regimens.  Any resulting substantial increase in the incidence of drug-resistant TB will soon affect developed countries because of international travel migration and trade.  Therefore all countries share an interest in reducing the incidence of drug-resistant TB by ensuring that TB patients have access to adequate control programs.  The recent action of the US Congress to provide funds for TB control in developing countries is a step in the right direction.
Feline Leukemia-Virus Infection of Kittens: Mortality Associated With Atrophy of the Thymus and Lymphoid Depletion<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: Lindsay J. Anderson, W. F. H. Jarrett, O. Jarrett, Helen M. Laird
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Cats infected neonatally with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) had a higher death rate than their littermate controls. Many showed retarded growth rate and died at 8–12 weeks of age. The major pathological finding was atrophy of the thymus and depletion of other lymphoid tissues; some cats had intercurrent infections. Catsdeveloping lymphoid malignancies as well as atrophy of the thymus died with either alimentary lymphosarcoma or lymphoblastic leukemia. Thesyndrome as found in 29 cats is described.
Addition of bevacizumab (beva) to xeliri/xelox chemoradiotherapy in neoadjuvant setting for patients (pts) with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC): A feasibility study
Authors: G. Privitera, C. Spatola, G. Acquaviva, G. Di Franco, R. Salvo, L. Raffaele, V. Salamone, G. Ettorre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14583 Background: Preoperative chemo-radiotherapy in pts with LARC has been extensively evaluated, although no standard treatment has been defined. We planned to add the new anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab in the neoadjuvant setting, in order to evaluate whether the modifications induced in normal and tumor microcirculation and vascularity could increase the treatment toxicity profile and induce relevant complications during the surgery. Methods: From Jul 05 to Sept 06, pts with histologically proven uT3–4 N± or uT2 N+ rectal cancer were treated with capecitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 bid on days 1–14 before chemoradiation phase and then 825 mg/m 2 bid on days 22–55 plus irinotecan 180 mg/m 2 (XELIRI) or oxaliplatin 130 mg/m 2 (XELOX) on days 1, 22, 43 in combination with BEVA 5 mg/kg q2w starting on day 1 until the completion of the treatment. Radiotherapy was administered according to our previous study (45 Gy to the whole pelvis, plus 9 Gy as conc. boost to the CTV during the last six fractions). Surgery was carried out 8 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. Results: Eleven pts (7 male/4 female), ECOG PS 0–1, were enrolled in this study. No patient showed systemic disease at the time of diagnosis. Six pts received XELIRI chemotherapy, 5 pts XELOX. Ten pts completed the planned chemotherapy schedule, one patient discontinued chemotherapy administration after the second irinotecan infusion due to GI grade III toxicity. All eleven pts completed the planned radiation treatment, with a total dose of 54 Gy. Three pts reported moderate hypertension, treated with standard anti-hypertensive drugs, and one had epistaxis, but no one required discontinuation of BEVA Conclusions: The use of BEVA in the neoadjuvant setting of pts with LARC is feasible and safe. In combination with XELIRI/XELOX chemoradiation, BEVA does not increase the treatment toxicity profile, nor provoke any surgical delay or modifications. BEVA in this setting should be further evaluated in larger phase II studies, in order to estimate the rates of clinical and pathologic complete and partial response, compared to XELIRI/XELOX chemoradiation schedules. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A New Pharmacological Approach for Asthma through Tissue-Specific Modulation of the GABA(A) Receptor
Authors: Leggy A. Arnold, Gloria S. Forkuo, Amanda N. Nieman, Olivia B. Yu, Margaret L. Guthrie, Nina Y. Yuan, Revathi Kodali, Rajwana Jahan, Charles W. Emala, James M. Cook, Douglas C. Stafford, Mitchell H. Grayson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Lung Paracoccidioidomycosis
Authors: Olívia M. Dias, Bruno G. Baldi, André N. Costa, Ellen T. Nascimento
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

A 44-year-old man living in the rural area of Sao Paulo state, Brazil, was admitted to the emergency department with dyspnea, hypoxemia, and fever for 4 days. Six months previously, he had been treated for myasthenia gravis using prednisone (20 mg daily) and for partially resected thymoma using adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. During hospitalization, he developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and required mechanical ventilation. Fever, hemodynamic instability, and a PaO2/FIO2 ratio of 110 persisted despite treatment with teicoplanin and meropenem. Alveolar lavage was negative for bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. High-resolution chest computed tomography showed bilateral micronodular pulmonary infiltrates (Figure 1A). Lung biopsy and histopathological analysis revealed diffuse alveolar damage in an organizing phase, with interstitial fibroblast Figure 1. (A) Computed tomography with diffuse pulmonary micronodulary infiltrates. (B) Intrapulmonary abscesses characterized by suppurative foci of necrosis with cellular debris (black arrow) and fibrin deposition (white arrow). In the middle of necrosis, some rounded structures are seen, suggestive of fungal infection (orange arrow) (hematoxylin and eosin, 350). (C and D) Lung biopsy with findings of diffuse alveolar damage in an organizing phase. Interstitial fibroblast proliferation over the alveolar septa (blue arrow), some hyaline membranes (red arrow), intraalveolar edema (yellow arrow), and pneumocytes hyperplasia (green arrow). Yeast-like structures are seen within the alveolar spaces (orange arrows) (hematoxylin and eosin,3100). (E) Grocott staining showing multiple fungal yeasts with a double wall, with or without single or multiple budding, compatible with Paracoccioides brasiliensis (orange arrows) (Grocott, 3200).
Death by homicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes between 2003 and 2013
Authors: Ashwin L Rao, Steven Poon, Jonathan A Drezner, Monica Zigman, Irfan M Asif, Kimberly G Harmon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background The incidence of homicide-related death among individuals of college age in the United States population is estimated at 15.5/100 000. The incidence of homicide among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes is unknown. Aim To investigate the rate of homicide-related death in NCAA athletes and to identify associated risk factors. Methods The NCAA Resolutions list, NCAA catastrophic insurance claims, media reports, and published NCAA demographic data were used to identify student athlete deaths and total participant seasons from 2003–04 through 2012–13. Homicide-related deaths were analysed by sex, race, division, sport, method, location, and circumstance. Internet searches were used to gather case details. Results Forty-two cases of homicide-related death were identified from 4 242 519 individual participant seasons during the ten-year study period. The incidence of homicide-related death in NCAA athletes was 1.0/100 000. The incidence in males was 1.45/100 000 and in females was 0.4/100 000 (relative risk (RR) 2.9, p=0.01). The incidence in black athletes was 4.2/100 000 and in white athletes was 0.4/100 000 (RR 7.0, p&lt;0.001). The highest sport-specific homicide-related death rate was in American football (3.7/100 000), with a RR of 4.4 (p=0.002) compared to all other sports. 88% of cases occurred off-campus. 38% of cases occurred at a social gathering, and 38% of cases occurred in a place of residence. 74% involved a fatal shooting. Conclusions Homicide-related deaths in NCAA athletes occur most commonly in males, black athletes, and American football players. Understanding the incidence, risk factors, and circumstances of homicide-related deaths in college athletes may assist NCAA institutions in developing preventative measures. Trial registration number University of Washington Human Subjects Application, HSD No. 42077.
Toxic Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Melanocytes: Use of Animal Models in Pigment Research<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">1</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: George Szabo, Frederick B. Blog, Andrija Kornhauser
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Quantitative histologic investigations on the effect of UV radiation on mammalian melanocytes have shown similarities in the response to carcinogenic chemicals, UV radiation, and 8-methoxypsoralen combined with UV radiation. With all three regimens the melanocyte number increased in mice, whereas long-wavelength UV radiation alone did not change the numerical distribution of these cells. Although it is too early to say that similarity in response of these agents indicates identity in harmful effects of these agents, great care should be exercised in the application of psoralens to human skin in a combined treatment with UV radiation.
Role of palliative chemotherapy in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: Retrospective analysis of 488 patients
Authors: V. Karavasilis, B. Seddon, O. Al-Muderis, S. Ashley, I. Judson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

9520 Background: Advanced soft tissue sarcomas (aSTS) represent an incurable clinical entity of poor prognosis, in which chemotherapy is frequently viewed as relatively ineffective. We aimed to review the efficacy of palliative chemotherapy and investigate prognostic factors in a large group of patients treated on routine palliative protocols. Methods: Patients with STS who had first line chemotherapy for advanced and/or metastatic disease between 1991 and 2005 were identified from the Royal Marsden Hospital’s sarcoma database. Patients with Ewing’s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumour and GIST were excluded from the study. Patients who were treated elsewhere more than 1 year before they come to our hospital were also excluded. Results: 488 patients (242M/286F) fulfilled the criteria. Median age at the time of treatment was 50 years (range 19–79). The main tumour types were leiomyosarcomas (35%) synovial sarcoma (13%), liposarcoma (10%) and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (10%). The majority of patients (83%) received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. 71% of patients had single organ involvement and 29% had multiple disease sites. Lung was the most common site of metastasis (56%). 54% were treated with single agent chemotherapy. Response rate to chemotherapy was 33% (53% for synovial sarcoma); 22% achieved stable disease for a median duration of 8 months; 45% progressed through chemotherapy. Median time to progression was 3 months, duration of response 9 months and post treatment survival (OS) 12 months. In multivariate analysis, age &lt;60, liposarcoma and synovial histology were found as positive and bone involvement as negative independent prognostic factors. Patients treated with combination chemotherapy experienced longer survival (11 vs 14 months OS; p=0.001). Conclusions: This retrospective study of standard palliative chemotherapy in unselected patients with aSTS shows that more than half of patients benefit from treatment, indicating that this is a worthwhile treatment option. Synovial sarcoma and liposarcoma represent the most chemosensitive sarcoma subtypes. Nevertheless, continuing search for new agents is strongly warranted to improve the survival of these patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Observation versus late reintroduction of letrozole as adjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (ANZ0501 LATER): an open-label randomised, controlled trial
Authors: N. Zdenkowski, J.F. Forbes, F.M. Boyle, G. Kannourakis, P.G. Gill, E. Bayliss, C. Saunders, S. Della-Fiorentina, N. Kling, I. Campbell, G.B. Mann, A.S. Coates, V. Gebski, L. Davies, R. Thornton, L. Reaby, J. Cuzick, M. Green
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)