tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nitrosamine Studies: Induction of Lung Adenomas by Concurrent Administration of Sodium Nitrite and Secondary Amines in Swiss Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: M Greenblatt, S Mirvish, B T So
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Piperazine (6.25 g/kg of food), morpholine (6.33 g/kg of food), and N-methylaniline (1.95 g/kg of food) given together with sodium nitrite (1.0 g/liter of drinking water) to Swiss mice resulted in a highly significant increase in lung adenoma incidence. This increase was more pronounced in males than in females. Dimethylamine hydrochloride (5.9 g/kg of food) was ineffective when given with nitrite, probably because of the strong basicity of the amine. Dinitrosopiperazine given as a 40 mg/liter solution in the drinking water, nitrosomorpholine (80 mg/liter), dimethylnitrosamine (10 mg/liter), and N-nitroso-N-methylaniline (70 mg/liter) increased the number of lung adenomas per mouse tenfold to thirtyfold over control untreated mice. Treatment with sodium nitrite alone or with the secondary amines alone produced no effect. The data strongly suggest that the induction of lung adenomas in animals treated with these secondary amines and nitrite is due to in vivo nitrosation (presumably in the stomach) with the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines.
Retrospective analysis of patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in the MRI era
Authors: L. M. DeAngelis, J. L. Clarke, H. R. Perez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2070 Background: The leptomeninges are an increasingly frequent site of cancer relapse. The traditional gold-standard for diagnosis of LMD is CSF cytology, but MRI is now used routinely as a diagnostic tool; LMD has not been studied in the MRI era. Methods: Cases of metastatic LMD from 2002 through 2004 were obtained by querying a neurology database, as well as reviewing all patients with abnormal CSF cytology. Cases were diagnosed with LMD either by a malignant cytology or by LMD on imaging. Suspicious cases treated as LMD were also included. Results: 186 cases were collected; 149 had solid tumors and 37 hematopoietic. Median age was 56.6 years; median KPS was 70. The most common solid tumors were breast (64 patients), lung (47), GI (11) and melanoma (9). Of the hematopoietic tumors, 21 were lymphoma and 15 were leukemia. 53% of patients were diagnosed via imaging, 22% via cytology, and 25% via both. Cytology established the diagnosis more often in hematopoietic cancers (51% vs. 15%), while imaging identified LMD more often in solid tumors (65% vs. 11%). Of the 47 patients with complete neuraxis imaging and CSF cytology performed, 23% had negative cytology despite definite LMD on imaging, and 31% had negative imaging despite a positive cytology. Treatment included radiation therapy in 54%, intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy in 28%, and systemic chemotherapy in 17%; 21% received supportive care only because they had end-stage disease. Treatment patterns were similar between solid and hematopoietic tumor patients, except patients with hematopoietic tumors more often received IT chemotherapy (46% vs. 24%). Median survival in weeks for patients with hematopoietic tumors was 20.4 and for solid tumors was 9.9 (p =0.0005). Median survival in weeks for leukemia was 25.1, for lymphoma 19.9, for breast cancer 11.3, for lung cancer 9.7, and for melanoma 7.4. Conclusions: Diagnosis of LMD remains challenging, and a negative cytology or MRI does not exclude the disease. LMD remains a disease with very poor prognosis, though less so in hematopoietic than in solid tumors. In our series, there was no difference in survival between types of solid tumor, method of diagnosis, or type of treatment given. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Randomized Phase 2 Study Evaluating Optimal Sequencing of Sipuleucel-T (Sip-T) and Androgen Deprivation Therapy (Adt) in Biochemically-Recurrent Prostate Cancer (Brpc): Variables that Correlate with Immune Response
Authors: C.G. Drake, A.S. Kibel, G.W. Adams, L.I. Karsh, A. Elfiky, N.D. Shore, N.J. Vogelzang, J.M. Corman, R.C. Tyler, C. McCoy, T. Devries, N. Sheikh, E.S. Antonarakis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Induction of Liver Tumors in Sherman Strain Female Rats by Polychlorinated Biphenyl Aroclor 1260 2
Authors: Renate D. Kimbrough, Robert A. Squire, Ralph E. Linder, John D. Strandberg, Richard J. Montali, Virlyn W. Burse
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Induction of Liver Tumors in Sherman Strain Female Rats by Polychlorinated Biphenyl Aroclor 1260 Get access Renate D. Kimbrough, Renate D. Kimbrough Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert A. Squire, Robert A. Squire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ralph E. Linder, Ralph E. Linder Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John D. Strandberg, John D. Strandberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard J. Montali, Richard J. Montali Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Virlyn W. Burse Virlyn W. Burse Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 55, Issue 6, December 1975, Pages 1453–1459, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.6.1453 Published: 01 December 1975 Article history Received: 20 May 1975 Accepted: 24 July 1975 Published: 01 December 1975
Treatment and outcomes of elderly versus younger patients with advanced NSCLC at Mayo Clinic Arizona (MCA)
Authors: H. Paripati, W. Tong, N. J. Karlin, A. C. Dueck, H. J. Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e19047 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is predominantly a disease of the elderly. Most patients (pts) present with incurable advanced disease, but chemotherapy for good performance status (PS) pts improves quality and quantity of life. Despite good PS, many elderly pts with metastatic NSCLC do not receive chemotherapy. This study compared treatment, outcomes, and survival in elderly vs younger pts with stage IV NSCLC. Methods: All analytic MCA Cancer Registry pts with stage IV NSCLC from 1998–2007 were retrospectively reviewed for type of therapy and outcome. Pts were analyzed by age: &lt;75 vs ≥75 years old. Categorical variables were compared using chi-squared tests and survival was compared by Cox regression. Results: 344 pts with stage IV NSCLC were identified. 234 (68%) pts were &lt;75 years old, and 110 pts (32%) were ≥75 years old. Median survival for all pts was 7 months. Among 302 pts with treatment data available, 60.8% of pts &lt;75 years old received some form of systemic therapy (chemotherapy/targeted therapy) compared to only 32% of pts ≥ 75 years old (p &lt;0.0001). Among pts with PS 0–1, pts &lt;75 years old more frequently received systemic therapy than elderly patients (88.5% vs 32.1%, p&lt;0.0001); whereas a difference was not evident in pts with PS 2–4 (34.1% vs 41.7%, p=0.49). Median survival in the &lt;75 age group was 7 months vs. 3.4 months in the ≥75 age group (p=0.048). In the &lt;75 age group, median survival was 12 months in pts who received chemotherapy vs. 2 months in the other or no treatment group (p&lt;0.0001). In the elderly group, median survival was 10 months in the chemotherapy group vs. 2 months in the pts who received other or no treatment (p=0.0003). Thus, the median survival was significantly improved among the pts who received systemic therapy independent of age. Statistical significance persisted when stratifying by PS. Conclusions: Pts with stage IV NSCLC have improved survival with systemic therapy independent of age. Our results confirm that despite an improvement in survival similar to younger pts, elderly patients with metastatic NSCLC are often undertreated. Prospective trials should be designed to include metastatic NSCLC patients without age discrimination No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Systemic treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma: current status and future directions.
Authors: T D Moore, P H Phillips, S R Nerenstone, B D Cheson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Multiple systemic therapies have been used to treat patients with endometrial cancer. Although progestins have been the standard initial treatment for metastatic disease for the past 30 years, they are effective in only 20% of patients, and several large randomized trials have failed to demonstrate any benefit in the adjuvant setting. Alternative agents such as tamoxifen have shown modest activity. Few studies have investigated combinations of hormonally active drugs. Doxorubicin and cisplatin are the most active cytotoxic agents; a current randomized study is comparing the combination of these drugs with single-agent doxorubicin. Maximizing the effectiveness of established drugs, possibly with hematopoietic growth factors, and identifying alternative hormonal and cytotoxic agents with a sound scientific rationale will hopefully increase the effective treatment options for these patients.
Epidemiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria: results from a nationwide, population-based study in Italy
Authors: F. Lapi, N. Cassano, V. Pegoraro, N. Cataldo, F. Heiman, I. Cricelli, M. Levi, D. Colombo, E. Zagni, C. Cricelli, G.A. Vena
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common skin disease, but there is a paucity of precise epidemiological data on this disease.To obtain information on the epidemiology of CSU in Italy.The data source was the Health Search IMS Health Longitudinal Patient Database. The study population was formed by patients aged ≥ 15 years, registered with a total of 700 general practitioners, homogeneously distributed across Italy. An algorithm based on the International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, Clinical Modification was used for the identification of patients with CSU. The annual prevalence and incidence rates of CSU over a 12-year period (2002-2013) were estimated, along with demographic and clinical determinants.The annual prevalence of CSU ranged from 0·02% in 2002 to 0·38% in 2013. The incidence was 0·10-1·50 per 1000 person-years. For both prevalence and incidence rates, female patients outnumbered male. The risk of CSU was statistically significantly higher in the presence of the following variables: obesity; anxiety, dissociative and somatoform disorders; malignancies; use of immunosuppressive drugs; and chronic use of systemic corticosteroids. History of autoimmune thyroiditis showed a trend towards an increased risk of CSU, though it was not statistically significant. Smoking was associated with a significantly reduced risk of CSU.Our findings on CSU prevalence are consistent with those obtained in previous studies. Furthermore, this large population-based study provides important information regarding the association of CSU with demographic and clinical determinants, which have been examined in the primary-care setting.
연구논문 : 간경변증 환자의 생존율 예측에 있어 ΔMELD 측정의 유용성
Authors: 은수훈 ( Soo Hoon Eun ), 김연수 ( Yun Soo Kim ), 장재영 ( Jae Young Jang ), 천영국 ( Young Gook Cheon ), 김영석 ( Young Seok Kim ), 조영덕 ( Young Deok Cho ), 이준성 ( Joon Sung Lee ), 이문성 ( Moon Sung Lee ), 김주현 ( Ju Hyun Kim ), 심찬섭 ( Chan Sup Shim ), 김부성 ( Boo Sung)
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2006)
Upregulation of the Secretory-Type Na+/K+/2Cl--Cotransporter in the Kidney by Metabolic Acidosis and Dehydration in Rats
Authors: MIKA IKEBE, HIROSHI NONOGUCHI, YUSHI NAKAYAMA, YUKA TASHIMA, KIMIO TOMITA
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. The functional role and mechanisms of regulation of the Na + /K + /2Cl - -cotransporter NKCC1 in the kidney have not yet been clarified. NKCC1 mRNA and protein expression in control rats, rats with dehydration (2 d), and rats with metabolic acidosis (NH 4 Cl in the food for 6 to 7 d) was examined using reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. In contrast to the abundant NKCC1 mRNA expression in the terminal inner medullary collecting ducts in mice, expression was found to be most abundant in the outer medullary collecting ducts (OMCD) in rats. Dehydration and metabolic acidosis increased NKCC1 mRNA expression three- to fivefold not only in the OMCD but also in the cortical collecting ducts and inner medullary collecting ducts. Dehydration and metabolic acidosis increased NKCC1 protein expression twofold in the membrane fraction from the outer medulla. NKCC1 protein expression was observed not in the microdissected medullary thick ascending limbs but in the OMCD, and it was stimulated twofold by dehydration and metabolic acidosis. Incubation of OMCD in low-pH medium increased NKCC1 mRNA expression. In summary, NKCC1 mRNA and protein expression is upregulated with dehydration and metabolic acidosis. NKCC1 may play an important role in adaptation to these physiologic conditions. Low pH and possibly hypertonicity stimulate NKCC1 mRNA expression in OMCD.
Phase II Study of Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin as Second-Line Treatment in Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Christos Kosmas, Nicolas B. Tsavaris, Nikolaos A. Malamos, Maria Vadiaka, Christos Koufos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: The aim of the present phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy of the paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (PIC) combination in relapsed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients were those with SCLC who had progressed or relapsed after therapy with carboplatin and etoposide (with or without chest radiotherapy). The PIC regimen consisted of paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 on day 1, ifosfamide 5 g/m 2 divided over days 1 and 2, and cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 divided over days 1 and 2; PIC was given every 21 days with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients (30 men and three women) were entered onto the study (median age, 62 years [range, 55 to 70 years]; median performance status, 1 [range, 0 to 2]). Metastatic sites at study entry included the lymph nodes (n = 13 patients), bone (n = 9), liver (n = 5), brain (n = 6), lung nodules (n = 8), adrenal glands (n = 9), and other (n = 2) Responses included eight complete remissions and 16 partial remissions (overall response rate, 73% [24 of 33 patients]). Five patients had stable disease and two had progressive disease. Median time to progression and overall survival were 21 and 28 weeks, respectively. The 1-year survival rate was 12%, with two patients alive without evidence of disease at 76 and 104 weeks since PIC initiation. Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included neutropenia in 30 patients (24 [73%] developed grade 4 neutropenia [ &lt; 5 days]) and febrile neutropenia in six patients (18%); grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was seen in nine patients (27%) . No grade 3 neuropathy was observed; grade 1 or 2 CNS toxicity was seen in five patients, there was no renal toxicity, grade 2 myalgias were seen in nine patients, grade 2 diarrhea was seen in one patient, and grade 3 nausea or vomiting was seen in seven patients. There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION: In the present phase II study, the PIC combination seemed highly active and tolerable in patients with relapsed SCLC when it was administered as second-line treatment. Given the present experience, an evaluation of the PIC regimen as front-line treatment of SCLC is planned.
Human Models for Identification of Photosensitizing Chemicals&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Albert M. Kligman, M.D., Ph.D., Kays H. Kaidbey, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

The human is an appropriate and sensitive animal for identifying photosensitizing drugs administered either topically or systemically. Topically effective phototoxic agents are quite easily revealed when they are applied to normal or scarified skin which is subsequently exposed to 2 X 10(5) J.m-2 of near UV light (UVA, 320-400 nm). Systemically effective phototoxic drugs can be identified by exposing intradermally injected sites to either solar-simulating or UVA radiation. Drugs that cause photocontact allergy can usually be recognized by irradiating pretreated sites six times over a 3-week period with a solar simulator and then challenging the sites with UVA. Existing models, the human model especially, should make it possible to recognize important photosensitizing drugs before they are marketed.
CEA radioimmunotherapy with 131I-labetuzumab improves survival post salvage resection of colorectal cancer metastases in the liver
Authors: T. Liersch, J. Meller, B. Kulle, I. D. Horak, T. M. Behr, L. Claus, W. A. Wegener, H. Becker, D. M. Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3627 Background: Although complete (R0) resection of liver metastases (LM) remains the treatment of choice for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients amenable to curative therapy, only about one-third survive 5 years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) post salvage resection of LM. Methods: Twenty-three patients who underwent surgery for LM of CRC received a dose of 40–60 mCi/m2 131I-labetuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Safety (n=23), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (n=19) were determined, and efficacy then compared retrospectively to similar control patients treated at the same institution and during a similar timeframe, but without RAIT. Results: With a median follow-up of 64 months, median OS from the first liver resection for RAIT patients was 68.0 months (95% CI: 46.0 months, infinity) vs. 31.0 months (95% CI: 24.0, 59.0 months) for the control group (p=0.004). DFS for RAIT patients had a median of 18.0 months (95% CI: 11.0, 31.0 months) vs. 12.0 months (95% CI: 6.5, 21.5 months) for the controls (p=0.284). Five-year survival was 51.3% and 7.4% for RAIT and control groups, respectively. Also, RAIT benefited patients independently of bilobar involvement, the size and number of LM, or the resection margins. The major side effect was a transient myelosuppression, resulting mostly in a grade =< 3 neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Since both median OS and the 5-year survival rate appear to be improved with adjuvant RAIT post complete LM resection in CRC, these results justify further evaluation in a multicenter, randomized trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Timing of baseline quality of life assessment in an international adjuvant breast cancer trial: Its effect on patient self-estimation
Authors: C. Hūirny, J. Bernhard, A. Coates, M. Castiglione, H.F. Peterson, R.D. Gelber, C.-M. Rudenstam, A. Goldhirsch, H.-J. Senn
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)
Aggressive regional therapy vs conventional treatment of patients with unresected liver metastases from colorectal cancer: A multivariate analysis focused on overall survival
Authors: H. J. Wanebo, G. Begossi, I. Ponomarenko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3675 Background: The prognosis of unresected colorectal (CRC) liver metastases is poor. Most patients receive systemic chemotherapy or supportive care only. There is suggested survival benefit with aggressive regional treatment such as hepatic artery infusion (HAI), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and cryosurgical ablation (CSA). We have analyzed various therapies for unresected liver metastases to determine survival impact. Methods: Survival was analyzed in 173 patients with hepatic metastases from CRC according to variables of: site (colon vs rectum) and stage of the primary tumor (ages +/− 65 years), gender, timing of metastases (synchronous vs metachronous), extent of metastatic disease (regional vs regional plus extra hepatic), and type of treatment. The latter included primary tumor resection (yes/no), systemic therapy vs supportive care, and treatment of liver metastases by regional therapy (HAI,RFA,CSA) vs systemic therapy or supportive care. Survival results were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis according to Log-rank and proportional hazard regression. Results: The median and five-year overall survival of the entire series was 13 months and 1.6% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a better survival in patients who had primary tumor resection (p=0.001), had early stage disease (p=0.001), and had metachronous (vs. synchronous) metastases (p=0.02). Extent of metastatic disease and treatment of liver metastases were significant only in univariate analysis (p=0.01 and 0.0008 respectively). Site of the primary tumor, gender, chronologic age, and type of systemic treatment did not effect overall or median survival. Conclusions: Although survival is poor with unresected liver metastases from CRC, prognosis is better in patients with early stage, whos primary cancer is resected, and who develop metachronous vs synchronous metastases. If extent of metastases precludes liver resection (potentially curable), removal of the primary cancer is of value. Aggressive regional treatment has palliative value and may improve survival and quality of life. Clinical trials are warranted to test these issues. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
5-fluorouracil (5FU) pharmacokinetic and hormonal status in female colorectal cancer patients
Authors: A. Bononi, M. Gusella, G. Crepaldi, R. Padrini, E. Ferrazzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

13576 Background: It is well known that females present a significantly reduced clearance of 5FU compared to males treated with the same doses.We tested the hypothesis that it may depend on the hormonal status, so that pre-menopausal women would have different 5FU pharmacokinetics compared with both postmenopausal women and elderly women. Methods: 48 colorectal cancer patients were prospectively studied: all of them were on adjuvant treatment based on 5FU repeated boluses. On the second day of the first cycle peripheral blood was drawn after drug administration. Plasma level were detected by HPLC analysis and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated trough a one phase exponential decay model. Results: All patients had 100–90 Karnosky Performance status score. 12 were in pre-menopausal phase (age range : 40–55 years); among the others we distinguished a younger 19 people group (age lower than 70 years old) and an elderly 17 patient group (age equal or higher than 70 years old). They received a 5FU mean dose of 406 ± 15 mg/mq, not significantly different among the three groups. After intravenous bolus injection a high interindividual variability of 5-FU pharmacokinetics was detected: AUC 0-∞ (area under the curve of drug plasma levels versus time) ranged between 368 and 1236 mg × min/L and the highest values (&gt;1000) were found in two elderly patients, considered fit; anyway there was no significant difference among AUC of the three groups. 5FU total clearance ranged between 0.53 and 1.9 L/min and means were 1.07 ± 0.3, 1.02 ± 0.3 and 0.98 ± 0.3 L/min in pre-menopausal, postmenopausal and elderly women respectively; again 5FU clearance/ BSA (body surface area), half live elimination times and peak concentration plasma levels were not significantly different among the three groups. Conclusions: It seems that sexual hormonal status do not influence 5FU total body elimination capability, and that pharmacokinetic differences between genders should be related to other factors,as for example Body Composition. Funded by AIRC-Veneto No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 12323: Prevalence and Severity of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kentaro Kakuta, Kaoru Dohi, Yoshiko Sato, Takashi Yamanaka, Masaki Kawamura, Shiro Nakamori, Hiroshi Nakajima, Takashi Tanigawa, Norikazu Yamada, Mashio Nakamura, Masaaki Ito
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Connective tissue diseases are associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Since the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for CMD can vary depending on the underlying...