tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase I/II study of erlotinib combined with cisplatin and radiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN)
Authors: D. Herchenhorn, F. L. Dias, C. G. Ferreira, M. Bezerra, A. J. Fonseca, P. Mora, R. M. Pineda, K. Fontão, R. E. Knust, R. G. Martins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

5575 Background: Erlotinib has single agent activity in SCCHN. Preclinical data indicates synergy with both cisplatin and radiotherapy (RT). Methods: This phase I/II study included patients (pts) with stages III and IV SCCHN. Pts received therapy with RT 70.2 Gy for 8 weeks and cisplatin (C) 100 mg/m 2 , 3 doses every 3 weeks, both starting on Day 8. Erlotinib (E) was started on Day 1 and continued until the end of RT. Phase I doses were escalated in cohorts of 3 pts/dose level: level 1–50 mg, level 2–100 mg and level 3–150 mg. In case of grade IV toxicity leading to RT interruption, 3 additional pts were included in the same dose level. Frozen tissue for molecular studies was collected before and after treatment. Results: Phase I was completed with 9 patients. No patient had RT interruption due to grade IV toxicity. Consequently 150 mg/day was established as the phase II dose. Twelve patients have been included in the phase II part of the trial. Final toxicity data is available for 13 patients (9 from phase I and 4 from phase II). Median age was 58 years, 10 pts had laryngeal carcinoma (stage III 4pts, IVA 3 pts, IVB 3 pts) and 3 oropharyngeal carcinoma (stage III 1pt, IVA 1pt, IVB 1 pt). The dose of C was reduced or held in 3 pts due to ototoxicity (2 pts) and neutropenia (1 pt). Other grade III or IV toxicity included dermatitis (8 pts), skin rash (3 pts), respiratory infection (2 pts), nausea (2 pts), neutropenia (2 pts), mucositis (2 pts) and cutaneous infection (1 pt). Response was accessed by direct visualization/biopsy and CT/MRI scans. Among the 13 patients who have completed treatment, 11 (84.6%) achieved complete pathological response, 1 had residual disease and 1 disease progression. Conclusions: This trial establishes the standard dose of erlotinib, 150 mg/day, as safe to be combined with full dose cisplatin and radiotherapy, in locally advanced SCCHN. Accrual for the phase II study is ongoing and additional response and toxicity data will be presented at the meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Long-term risk for acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, and malignancy more than 15 years after endoscopic sphincterotomy: a population-based study
Authors: Ann Langerth, Gabriel Sandblom, Britt-Marie Karlson
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> It has been suggested that endoscopic sphincterotomy predisposes a patient to cholangitis, pancreatitis, and carcinoma in the pancreaticobiliary tract in the long term. Previous studies have shown an increased risk for acute cholangitis and pancreatitis but not for carcinoma. The aim of this study was to analyze these risks by conducting a long-term follow-up study of patients who underwent treatment for gallstone disease, comparing patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy with those who did not. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A cohort of 1113 Swedish patients who were treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy between 1977 and 1990 for common bile duct stones was compared with two age-and sex-matched control groups with a history of cholecystectomy or cholecystectomy and cholangiotomy. <b>Results:</b> Over a median follow-up of more than 15 years after endoscopic sphincterotomy, the hazard ratio for endoscopic sphincterotomy versus cholecystectomy was 5.5 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 3.5 – 8.4) for cholangitis and 4.9 (95 %CI 2.8 – 8.6) for pancreatitis. The hazard ratio for endoscopic sphincterotomy versus cholangiotomy was 1.7 (95 %CI 1.3 – 2.4) for cholangitis and 1.5 (95 %CI 1.0 – 2.4) for pancreatitis. There was no significant increase in risk for malignant diagnoses. <b>Conclusion:</b> Patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis had an increased risk for acute pancreatitis and cholangitis in the long term compared with those not treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy. There was no increase in risk for malignancy in the pancreaticobiliary tract.
Platelet-rich plasma does not enhance return to play in hamstring injuries: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bruce Hamilton, Johannes L Tol, Emad Almusa, Sirine Boukarroum, Cristiano Eirale, Abdulaziz Farooq, Rodney Whiteley, Hakim Chalabi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background To evaluate the efficacy of a single platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in reducing the return to sport duration in male athletes, following an acute hamstring injury. Methods A randomised, three-arm (double-blind for the injection arms), parallel-group trial, in which 90 professional athletes with MRI positive hamstring injuries were randomised to injection with PRP-intervention, platelet-poor plasma (PPP-control) or no injection. All received an intensive standardised rehabilitation programme. The primary outcome measure was time to return to play, with secondary measures including reinjury rate after 2 and 6 months. Results The adjusted HR for the PRP group compared with the PPP group was 2.29 (95% CI 1.30 to 4.04) p=0.004; for the PRP group compared with the no injection group 1.48 (95% CI 0.869 to 2.520) p=0.15, and for the PPP group compared with the no injection group 1.57 (95% CI 0.88 to −2.80) p=0.13. The adjusted difference for time to return to sports between the PRP and PPP groups was −5.7 days (95% CI −10.1 to −1.4) p=0.01; between the PRP and no injection groups −2.9 days (95% CI −7.2 to 1.4) p=0.189 and between the PPP and no injection groups 2.8 days (95% CI −1.6 to 7.2) p=0.210. There was no significant difference for the secondary outcome measures. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions Our findings indicate that there is no benefit of a single PRP injection over intensive rehabilitation in athletes who have sustained acute, MRI positive hamstring injuries. Intensive physiotherapy led rehabilitation remains the primary means of ensuring an optimal return to sport following muscle injury. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01812564 .
Abdominal catecholamine producing paragangliomas: A rare disease
Authors: R. Karras, A. Sardi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14144 Background: Paragangliomas are rare extra-adrenal neuroendocrine tumors of chromaffin cells. It is estimated that 90 percent of paragangliomas are intra-abdominal. 50% of which are catecholamine secreting. Patients with abdominal masses are not routinely screened. A literature review and our experience is reported. Methods: A retrospective literature review of 85 cases reported over the past 26 years are discussed with regard to age, gender, clinical presentation, catecholamine status, preoperative evaluation, clinical course and outcome. Additionally, a review of compiled data from 1997 to 2005 identified 4 cases at our institution. Results: Males numbered 57.3% of the cases reviewed. The mean age was 57.9 years (range 11–76). The primary site of tumor included: 42 retroperitoneal, 44 intra-abdominal and 1 multifocal. 61/89 (68.5%) reported elevated urine and/or plasma catecholamines. Clinical presentations included, abdominal pain (10%), hematuria (3%), and a history of hypertension (46%). Only one case presented as an incidental finding. Primary work-up consisted of a CT scan in 86/89 (96.6%) of cases. Tumor size ranged from 1.2 cm to 25 cm. CAT scan preceded appropriate medical therapy with alpha blockade, and subsequent surgical excision via laparoscopy, laparotomy and one case of ERCP. Of the 63 cases which reported follow-up, 2 patients developed metastatic disease, 1 patient had unresolved hypertension and 60 were disease free. Conclusions: This retrospective review demonstrates the importance of pre-operative screening for safe and efficacious treatment of patients with paragangliomas. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The first report of detecting the bla SIM-2 gene and determining the complete sequence of the SIM-encoding plasmid
Authors: F. Sun, D. Zhou, Q. Wang, J. Feng, W. Feng, W. Luo, D. Zhang, Y. Liu, X. Qiu, Z. Yin, W. Chen, P. Xia
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Moving pathogen genomics out of the lab and into the clinic: what will it take?
Authors: Leila M. Luheshi, Sobia Raza, Sharon J. Peacock
Journal: Genome Medicine (2015)

Pathogen genomic analysis is a potentially transformative new approach to the clinical and public-health management of infectious diseases. Health systems investing in this technology will need to build infrastructure and develop policies that ensure genomic information can be generated, shared and acted upon in a timely manner.
US research bodies aren’t reporting trial results as required, report finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

US academic, non-profit, and government research institutions are failing to report the results of clinical trials as required by law, an investigation has found. The investigation report was published on 14 December by the health news website STAT.1

Under a 2007 US federal law, institutions and companies are required to post summary data, adverse event reports, and participants’ demographic information from clinical trials on the website ClinicalTrials.gov within 12 months of completion of a trial. The aim of the law was to make sure that all …
Sacubitril-Valsartan for the Treatment of Heart Failure
Authors: Daniel A. Ollendorf, Alexander T. Sandhu, Steven D. Pearson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Phase II data for entinostat, a class 1 selective histone deacetylase inhibitor, in patients whose breast cancer is progressing on aromatase inhibitor therapy.
Authors: A. M. Wardley, R. Stein, J. McCaffrey, J. Crown, Z. Malik, D. Rea, P. J. Barrett-Lee, G. T. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1052 Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AI) block estrogen synthesis and are effective for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Despite initial benefit, resistance to AIs and disease progression occur, at which point cytotoxic chemotherapy is often the remaining treatment option. Entinostat, an oral class 1 isoform-selective HDACi, has been shown in preclinical studies to restore sensitivity to acquired AI resistance. The goal of this study was to determine whether the addition of entinostat to AI therapy in patients currently progressing on AI therapy could restore AI sensitivity and prolong the clinical benefit. Methods: Postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer progressing on an AI after 3 months were enrolled. Additional entry criteria included measurable disease by RECIST and ≤1 chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Patients with rapidly-progressive breast cancer were excluded. Patients continued with the AI on which they progressed plus entinostat 5 mg wkly in 28-day cycles. Primary objective was CBR (CR, PR or SD >6 months) during the first 6 cycles; secondary objectives included ORR and PFS. Biomarkers and pharmacology were also measured. Results: Twenty-seven (27) patients were enrolled with median age of 69 years. Nineteen patients (70%) had visceral involvement; none had bone-only disease. Eighteen (67%) had adjuvant hormone therapy; 14 (52%) had adjuvant chemotherapy. Six (22%) had received chemotherapy in the metastatic setting. Eleven (41%) received study treatment >4 months, 3 (11%) >6 months. One had confirmed PR, and one patient had SD > 6 months. The most common toxicities were nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue, primarily low grade. Grade ≥3 toxicities were fatigue, dyspnea, diarrhea, and lethargy. Biomarker analysis revealed a trend of increased protein lysine acetylation in CD8, CD14, and CD19/20 cells; increased apoptosis in PMCs was also observed. Conclusions: Entinostat in combination with AIs in patients with progressive breast cancer demonstrated clinical benefit as evidenced by PR and SD > 6 months. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Syndax Syndax Syndax
Quality of life impact of childhood skin conditions measured using the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI): a meta-analysis
Authors: J.R. Olsen, J. Gallacher, A.Y. Finlay, V. Piguet, N.A. Francis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

The Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) is the most widely used instrument for measuring the impact of skin disease on quality of life (QoL) in children. To provide a meta‐analysis of all published QoL scores for a range of childhood skin conditions. Studies using the CDLQI questionnaire to measure QoL in skin conditions were identified by searching Medline and Embase from January 1995 (CDLQI creation) to December 2014. Studies were grouped according to condition and baseline scores were combined using meta‐analysis. Sixty‐seven studies using the CDLQI met the inclusion criteria. The overall estimated CDLQI scores for conditions reported more than once were [point estimate (95% confidence interval, CI), number of studies (n), score range]: atopic eczema [8·5 (7·1–9·8), n =38, 0–29], acne [5·3 (1·9–8·5), n =5, 0–30], alopecia [3·1 (0–7·7), n =2, 0–6], molluscum contagiosum [3·5 (0·6–6·7), n =5, 0–27], psoriasis [8·0 (3·9–12·1), n =6, 0–29], scabies [9·2 (0·0–20·3), n =2, 1–26], urticaria [7·1 (0–15·4), n =2, 0–22], vitiligo [6·5 (0·7–12·2), n =2, 0–20] and warts [2·9 (0–5·8), n =4, 0–16]. Overall, the mean effect on QoL [weighted average CDLQI score 4·6 (95% CI 3·9–5·4)] for children with these conditions was small. However, many children were found to experience a very large impact on QoL (34% of children with atopic eczema, 10% with molluscum contagiosum and 1–5% with acne) in studies where the distributions of scores were provided. Most skin conditions in children have a 'small' mean effect on QoL. However, the range is large and a significant proportion of children with many common skin conditions will experience a very large effect on quality of life.
Beedi rolling- its impact on workers health
Authors: Deepu Cheriamane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

A beedi is a thin South Asian cigarette made of 0.2-0.3 g of tobacco flake wrapped in a tendu(Diospyrox melanoxylon) leaf and secured with colored thread at both ends. As it is a cheap form of tobacco consumption, it is extremely popular among the poor but it carries greater health risks as it delivers more nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar than conventional cigarettes.The Beedi industry in India is an age- old industry. A large part of this industry is unregulated, home based and is dominated by women who are usually involved in the process of rolling of raw Beedis. Beedi rolling is a major occupation for a lot of women, who form the root of the industry. Since they do not make use of any protective wear they get exposed to unburnt tobacco mainly through the cutaneous and nasopharyngeal route and Cotinine was detected in urine and saliva indicating that there is absorption of substantial levels of nicotine.  Purpose : To determine the health problems suffered by women involved in beedi rolling.  Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted among the Women Beedi Rollers attending outreach centers consenting to participate in the study. The study subjects were interviewed and a questionnaire was filled.  Results: 200 subjects were included in the study. The study showed that following findings 100% of the subjects had symptoms, burning of eyes 60%, knee and joint problems 70%, burning sensation of skin 40%, respiratory symptoms in 80%. Main respiratory complaints were rhinitis, non productive cough , asthmatic attacks.  Conclusion: Following study found a significant adverse health events in women involved in beedi rolling which is an unorganized sector. Proper legislative measures should be formed to ensure their health.
The benefits of an evolutionary framework for the investigation of teaching behaviour: Emphasis should be taken off humans as a benchmark
Authors: Amanda R. Ridley, Benjamin J. Ashton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

We agree with Kline that a lack of unification is preventing progress in understanding the occurrence of teaching behaviour and the selective pressures influencing its presence. However, we feel that the proposed framework, which incorporates mentalistic and cultural approaches, continues to overlook cases of teaching in nonhuman animals. We advocate the comparative functionalist framework to identify the proximate causes of teaching behaviour in both humans and other animals.
Amplification of MET in a Patient with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Serena Varesano, Sandra Salvi, Simona Boccardo, Jean Louis Ravetti, Paola Ferro, Pier Aldo Canessa, Franco Fedeli, Maria Pia Pistillo, Silvio Roncella
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Design and Control of Nanoconfinement to Achieve Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents with High Relaxivity
Authors: Kerstin Malzahn, Sandro Ebert, Isabel Schlegel, Oliver Neudert, Manfred Wagner, Gunnar Schütz, Andreas Ide, Farnoosh Roohi, Kerstin Münnemann, Daniel Crespy, Katharina Landfester
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

The enhanced relaxation of hydrogen atoms of surrounding water from suitable contrast agent promotes magnetic resonance imaging as one of the most important medical diagnosis technique. The key challenge for the preparation of performant contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging with high relaxivity is to ensure a high local concentration of contrast agent while allowing a contact between water and the contrast agent. Both requirements are answered by tailoring a semipermeable confinement for a gadolinium complex used as contrast agent. A locally high concentration is achieved by successfully encapsulating the complex in polymer nanocontainers that serves to protect and retain the complex inside a limited space. The access of water to the complex is achieved by carefully controlling the chemistry of the shell and the core of the nanocontainers. The confinement of the nanocontainers enables an increased relaxivity compared to an aqueous solution of the contrast agent. The nanocontainers are successfully applied in vivo to yield enhanced contrast in magnetic resonance imaging.
An Analysis of Telephone Calls to an Inner-City Accident and Emergency Department
Authors: Robert Crouch, Anita Patel, Susan Williams, Jeremy Dale
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

The general public in the UK often telephone accident and emergency (A&amp;E) departments for medical advice. Such calls are usually dealt with by nursing staff in an informal manner (often with no written record of the call being made). The specific questions addressed in this study are who was calling for advice, when did they call, what were their presenting complaints, and what was the outcome of the call? In addition, the study provided an opportunity to test the implementation of a new system of record-keeping for telephone consultation. A telephone consultation record (TCR) was developed and used to record details of each call made to the A&amp;E department for medical/health advice. An analysis of 597 consecutive documented calls is presented in this paper. The majority of calls were dealt with by ‘E’ grade nursing staff (42.7%); only four calls (0.7%) were recorded by medical staff. Two hundred and six (43.5%) calls related to patients aged up to 15 years. In 57% of the cases the call was made by a third party. In all, 149 different presenting complaints were recorded on the TCRs. The three most common presenting complaints were dental problems (7.4%), fever (4.3%), and concerns about drug reactions (23%). Seventy-three per cent of callers were advised that a visit to the A&amp;E department was not immediately necessary. The study identifies several important issues for development of a more formal and effective system of telephone advice. The majority of calls made to the A&amp;E department appeared to be of a primary care nature but the extent to which nurses are trained to assess and advise on these problems needs to be questioned. A reluctance to document the calls to A&amp;E was identified, one reason being a concern about accountability. Training and support are clearly required.
What Does This Retina Examination Show?
Authors: Wenyu Huang, Rukhsana G. Mirza, Mark E. Molitch
Journal: JAMA (2015)

A 50-year-old man reported experiencing blurry vision for 5 months. He has a BMI of 30.6 and blood pressure of 160/102 mm Hg. Dilated retinal examination showed arteriolar narrowing, microaneurysms, intraretinal hemorrhaging, and cotton-wool spots. What would you do next?