tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Depression Care Management on Diabetes-Related Outcomes in Older Patients
Authors: John W. Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Depression frequently occurs in combination with diabetes mellitus, adversely affecting the course of illness. Objective: To determine whether enhancing care for depression improves affective and diabetic outcomes in older adults with diabetes and depression. Design: Preplanned subgroup analysis of the Improving Mood–Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT) randomized, controlled trial. Setting: 18 primary care clinics from 8 health care organizations in 5 states. Patients: 1801 patients 60 years of age or older with depression; 417 had coexisting diabetes mellitus. Intervention: A care manager offered education, problem-solving treatment, or support for antidepressant management by the patient's primary care physician; diabetes care was not specifically enhanced. Measurements: Assessments at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months for depression, functional impairment, and diabetes self-care behaviors. Hemoglobin A1c levels were obtained for 293 patients at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Results: At 12 months, diabetic patients who were assigned to intervention had less severe depression (range, 0 to 4 on a checklist of 20 depression items; between-group difference, −0.43 [95% CI, −0.57 to −0.29]; P < 0.001) and greater improvement in overall functioning (range, 0 [none] to 10 [unable to perform activities]; between-group difference, −0.89 [CI, −1.46 to −0.32]) than did participants who received usual care. In the intervention group, weekly exercise days increased (between-group difference, 0.50 day [CI, 0.12 to 0.89 day]; P = 0.001); other self-care behaviors were not affected. At baseline, mean (±SD) hemoglobin A1c levels were 7.28% ± 1.43%; follow-up values were unaffected by the intervention (P > 0.2). Limitations: Because patients had good glycemic control at baseline, power to detect small but clinically important improvements in glycemic control was limited. Conclusions: Collaborative care improves affective and functional status in older patients with depression and diabetes; however, among patients with good glycemic control, such care minimally affects diabetes-specific outcomes. *For a list of the IMPACT investigators, see the Appendix.
BioGraph: unsupervised biomedical knowledge discovery via automated hypothesis generation
Authors: Anthony ML Liekens, Jeroen De Knijf, Walter Daelemans, Bart Goethals, Peter De Rijk, Jurgen Del-Favero
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

We present BioGraph, a data integration and data mining platform for the exploration and discovery of biomedical information. The platform offers prioritizations of putative disease genes, supported by functional hypotheses. We show that BioGraph can retrospectively confirm recently discovered disease genes and identify potential susceptibility genes, outperforming existing technologies, without requiring prior domain knowledge. Additionally, BioGraph allows for generic biomedical applications beyond gene discovery. BioGraph is accessible at http://www.biograph.be .
Experimental Investigations into the Haemagglutinating Factor in Blood and Joint Fluid in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: N. Svartz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

Shortly after Rose, Ragan, Pearce, and Lipman (1948) had published their paper on the agglutination of sensitized sheep cells in rheumatoid arthritis, investigations were started at the King Gustaf V Research Institute into the haemagglutinating factor that induces the reaction.The first reports of our experiments, presented by Svartz and Schlossmann (1949) and Svartz (1951a, b; 1952), were mainly concerned with the importance of removing the heterophil haemagglutinins which almost invariably exist in human serum, before carrying out the principal reaction.Similar observations were published by Sulkin, Pike, and Coggeshall (1952).The first attempts to absorb heterophil haemagglutinins had been made by Meyer (1922).Schlossmann and I have obtained positive results with our type of modification of the sheep cell test in 85 to 90 per cent. of cases of rheumatoid arthritis (Schlossmann and Svartz, 1950).The test was considered positive when the titre was I : 64 or higher.The frequency of positive reactions varied somewhat from one period to another depending on the nature of the cases tested.The more cases of active rheumatoid arthritis are included in a series the higher will be the percentage of positive reactions.But purely technical factors also influence the results.The sheep cells must be fresh and the amboceptor suitable, and the results should be read on two occasions: first when the
CEACAM1 dampens antitumor immunity by down-regulating NKG2D ligand expression on tumor cells
Authors: Zhangguo Chen, Lanfen Chen, Kristi Baker, Torsten Olszak, Sebastian Zeissig, Yu-Hwa Huang, Timothy T. Kuo, Ofer Mandelboim, Nicole Beauchemin, Lewis L. Lanier, Richard S. Blumberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Although carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)–related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) has been viewed as a tumor suppressor, increasing clinical evidence shows that high levels of CEACAM1 expression on tumors correlates with poor prognosis and high risk of metastasis. Here, we examined the consequences of CEACAM1 expression on tumor cells. We show that tumor cell–associated CEACAM1 causes intracellular retention of various NKG2D ligands in mouse and human tumor cells. CEACAM1-silenced tumor cells expressed more cell surface NKG2D ligands and exhibited greater sensitivity to natural killer cell–mediated cytolysis in vitro and rejection in vivo. Our studies reveal a novel mechanism through which CEACAM1-bearing tumor cells may escape immune-surveillance.
Patient Perspectives on Consistency of Medical Care With Recommended Care in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jafar S. Tabrizi, Andrew J. Wilson, Peter K. O’Rourke, Eleanor T. Coyne
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Technical quality in health care refers to clinical or disease-specific aspects of care (1) and deals with what the patient receives relative to what is known to be effective, largely reflecting issues related to health care providers. It is widely accepted that improving disease-specific aspects of care improves health outcomes (2–4). This study determined technical quality for individuals with type 2 diabetes, one of the most common chronic diseases in Australia, based on the degree of adherence to type 2 diabetes management guidelines in Queensland, Australia. Medical records can be a flawed and impractical source of information on quality of care (5,6), while patient-based reports are independent of the practitioner and practice setting and provide a valuable assessment of the quality of care for chronic diseases from the patients’ perspective (7). However, patient reports rely on the individual being aware of what care was provided and may therefore be subject to recall bias.

Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of type 2 diabetes quality of care in 2005. Of the random sample of 1,500 members of Diabetes Australia-Queensland (DAQ), 603 adult subjects with diagnosed type 2 diabetes responded (40.2%). Nonresponders were slightly younger ( P   …
Soluble E-cadherin is a valid prognostic marker in gastric carcinoma
Authors: A O O Chan, S K Lam, K M Chu, C M Lam, E Kwok, S Y Leung, S T Yuen, S Y K Law, W M Hui, K C Lai, C Y Wong, H C Hu, C L Lai, J Wong
Journal: Gut (2001)

Gastric cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality globally but no good prognostic tumour marker is available. Soluble fragment of E-cadherin protein has been reported to increase in the sera of patients with cancer and recently was found to be elevated in 67% of patients with gastric cancer.To investigate if serum soluble E-cadherin is a valid prognostic marker in gastric cancer.Concentrations of soluble E-cadherin from 116 patients with histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma and 40 healthy subjects were measured using an immunoenzymometric method with a commercially available sandwich ELISA kit based on monoclonal antibodies.The logarithm of the means of soluble E-cadherin concentration was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancers (mean 3.85 (SD 0.28)) than in healthy subjects (3.71 (0.18)) (p=0.001), and in palliative/conservatively treated cancers (3.91 (0.35)) than in operable cancers (3.78 (0.19)) (p=0.015). The logarithm of the concentrations correlated with tumour size (p=0.032) and carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations (p=0.001). The cut off value calculated from discriminant analysis on operability and inoperability/palliative treatment was 7025 ng/ml. Soluble E-cadherin concentrations higher than this cut off value predicted tumour (T4) depth invasion (p=0.020, confidence interval (CI) 1.008-1.668) and palliative/conservative treatment (p=0.023, CI 1.038-2.514). In contrast, the relative risks for lymph node (N2) metastasis, distant metastasis, and stage III/IV disease were 1.41, 1.33, and 1.55 respectively, despite not reaching statistical significance.Serum soluble E-cadherin is a potential valid prognostic marker for gastric cancer. A high concentration predicts palliative/conservative treatment and T4 invasion.
Psoriatic arthritis treatment: biological response modifiers
Authors: P J Mease, C E Antoni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

In recent years there has been a surge of interest in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders as a result of the development and application of targeted biological therapies. The elucidation of the overlapping cellular and cytokine immunopathology of such diverse conditions as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease, and psoriasis points to specific targets for bioengineered proteins or small molecules. Similar to clinical trials in RA, trials in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have shown excellent clinical results with the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers, etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab in a variety of domains including the joints, quality of life, function, and slowing of disease progress as evidenced radiologically. In addition, these agents have shown benefit in domains more unique to PsA, such as the skin lesions of psoriasis, enthesitis, and dactylitis, pointing out the similar pathogenesis of the disease in the skin, the tendons, and the synovial membrane. This therapy has been generally safe and well tolerated in clinical trials of PsA. Other logical candidates for targeted therapy in development include other anti-TNF agents, costimulatory blockade agents that affect T cell function, blockers of other cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, 6, 12, 15, or 18, and B cell modulatory medicines. Also, it will be useful to learn more about the effects of combining traditional disease modifying drugs and the newer biologicals.
Abstract 1901: Detection of EML4-ALK fusion gene expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) captured from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients
Authors: Joo Kyung Park, Ji Kon Ryu, Se-Hoon Lee, Eun-Hye Kim, Byung-Chul Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background &amp; Aims: Detection of unique genomic profile such as EML4-ALK rearrangement in CTCs can be directly implicated to the course of treatment in patients with NSCLC. The aims of this study were to determine 1) if CTC could reliably be identified using microfabricated porous filter platform in advanced NSCLC; 2) feasibility of RT-PCR as a useful tool in detection of EML4-ALK rearrangement from CTCs. Method: Lung cancer cell lines with EML4-ALK rearrangement (NCI-H3122, NCI-H2228) were spiked into 5 ml of blood and were passed through the CTC platform. Twenty-five patients (19 FISH-proven ALK positive and 6 ALK negative in tissue) were prospectively enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples were drawn from the study patients and processed through CTC platform. Captured cells were characterized by IF staining; DAPI (nucleated cell marker), cancer cells by EpCAM and WBCs by CD45. RNA was extracted from the captured CTCs and RT-PCR was used to detect EML4-ALK fusion gene. Results: EpCAM expression was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in NSCLC cell lines by FACS analysis. Surprisingly, 100% of NSCLC cells expressed EpCAM, most at very high levels (165,000 ∼ 215,274 EpCAM antigens/cell). EpCAM was uniformly expressed throughout the population. The capture yield of ALK positive lung cancer cells were varied in spiking experiments (41-59%). There were 25 stage IV NSCLC patients whose clinical situations were variable in the aspect of previous cytotoxic chemotherapies and ALK-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. CTCs were detected in 41% and EML4-ALK expressions were detected by RT-PCR in 58% of initially EML4-ALK positive NSCLC patients. Sequencing of PCR products identified the expression of EML4-ALK fusion gene. The sensitivity and the specificity of RT-PCR in detection of EML4-ALK fusion gene expression from the CTCs of NSCLCs were 58% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion We have proved the existence of EML4-ALK positive CTCs using RT-PCR after the enrichment of CTCs from the peripheral blood of NSCLC patients. Being able to reliably capture and molecularly characterize CTC may not only allow us to characterize a patient's cancer from a simple blood draw but investigation of genomic profile from CTCs may give us insights into the genetics and biology of tumor cell dissemination with further investigation. Citation Format: Joo Kyung Park, Ji Kon Ryu, Se-Hoon Lee, Eun-Hye Kim, Byung-Chul Kim. Detection of EML4-ALK fusion gene expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) captured from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1901. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1901
Extensive Urban Outbreak Caused by Antibiotic-Sensitive Shigella sonnei
Authors: W. Edmund Farrar
Journal: JAMA (1976)

During 1970 and 1971, a large increase in the number of isolations of<i>Shigella</i>organisms (90%<i>S sonnei</i>) occurred among patients of Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta. Examination of strains isolated during this outbreak showed a marked decline in the frequency of antibiotic resistance, especially multiple resistance, from that which had been observed during the preceding three years, in spite of continued heavy usage of antibiotics. These findings are contrary to most recently reported experience, which has indicated a rapidly increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance, especially to ampicillin. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1026-1029, 1976)
Molecular Approaches in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Chand Khanna, Lee J. Helman
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2005)

The use of molecular approaches has become part of the standard of care in the management of pediatric cancer patients. Molecular approaches are now included in the initial diagnosis, definition of prognostically distinct patient subgroups, selection of patients for specific therapies, prediction of risk for toxicities to therapy, and monitoring of patients receiving both conventional and novel targeted therapies. This clinical application of molecular medicine has been based on a growing molecular understanding of cancer biology. Studies of pediatric cancers have contributed to this understanding in many ways. We present a model for understanding cancer biology, using specific examples taken from pediatric oncology, and then discuss the application of molecular techniques to the clinical management of pediatric cancer patients.
HMMC-1
Authors: Shiro Nozawa, Daisuke Aoki, Katsumi Tsukazaki, Nobuyuki Susumu, Motoko Sakayori, Nao Suzuki, Atsushi Suzuki, Rie Wakita, Makio Mukai, Yuko Egami, Kyoko Kojima-Aikawa, Isao Ishida, Frederic Belot, Ole Hindsgaul, Minoru Fukuda, Michiko N. Fukuda
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this research was to generate a human monoclonal antibody specific to gynecological cancers and to evaluate such an antibody as therapy for gynecological cancers. Experimental Design: Transchromosomal KM mice were immunized with the human uterine endometrial cancer cell line SNG-S. Hybridomas were constructed between spleen cells from KM mice and mouse myeloma cells. Reactivity of the antibody was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of pathological specimens of gynecological cancers. Cytotoxicity of HMMC-1 against SNG-S cells was tested by in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The epitope of HMMC-1 was determined by transfection with a panel of glycosyltransferase cDNAs and by inhibition assays with chemically synthesized oligosaccharides. Results: HMMC-1 is a human IgM monoclonal antibody that reacts positively with müllerian duct-related carcinomas with positive rates of 54.6% against uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma, 76.9% against uterine cervical adenocarcinoma, and 75.0% against epithelial ovarian cancer. HMMC-1 does not react with normal endometrium at proliferative or secretory phases, normal uterine cervix, or normal and malignant tissue from other organs, whereas it reacts weakly with the epithelium of the gall bladder and the collecting duct of the kidney. HMMC-1 exhibits antigen-dependent and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Upon cotransfection with cDNAs encoding two glycosyltransferases required for fucosylated extended core 1 O-glycan, mammalian cells express HMMC-1 antigen. Finally, binding of HMMC-1 to SNG-S cells is inhibited by synthetic Fucα1→2Galβ1→4GlcNAcβ1→3Galβ1→3GalNAcα1-octyl. Conclusions: These results indicate that HMMC-1 specifically recognizes a novel O-glycan structure. The unique specificity and cytotoxicity of HMMC-1 strongly suggest a therapeutic potential of this antibody.
Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma and relation to cirrhosis: Comparison of two different cities of the world—Trieste, Italy, and Chiba, Japan
Authors: Claudio Tiribelli, Mauro Melato, Lory S. Crocè, Luigi Giarelli, Kunio Okuda, Kunihiko Ohnishi
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

A comparative, descriptive study on the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma either associated or not with cirrhosis was undertaken between the cities of Trieste, Italy, and Chiba, Japan. Data were derived from 12,340 and 2,052 autopsies consecutively performed in Trieste and Chiba during 1980 to 1984 and 1975 to 1985, respectively. During these years, more than 70% of all deaths were studied by autopsy in Trieste. Clinical cases of hepatocellular carcinoma admitted to the Chiba University Hospital were also analyzed to correct for the bias induced by the relatively small number of autopsies in Chiba. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen was more frequent in Chiba, whereas alcohol intake was greater in Trieste. From the comparison of the data, we conclude: (i) hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with cirrhosis in the large majority of the cases both in Trieste (87%) and Chiba (81%); (ii) in both sexes, the average age of hepatocellular carcinoma patients was significantly older (p less than 0.005) in Trieste than in Chiba; (iii) in the autopsy series, cirrhosis was more frequent in Trieste (9.7%) than in Chiba (1.5%); (iv) in Chiba, hepatocellular carcinoma was more frequent than cirrhosis not complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (6.9 vs. 1.5%) at necroscopy, and (v) the age-standardized rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in Trieste than in Chiba. These geographical differences might be related to the different type of cirrhosis observed in Trieste (alcoholic) and Chiba (postnecrotic).
Maximal oxygen uptake in trained and untrained 15-year-old boys.
Authors: Z Nikolić, N Ilić
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

The purpose of this study was to assess maximal aerobic power (VO2max) in trained and untrained 15-year-old boys. The trained subjects (18) were junior swimmers from a Belgrade swimming team, and the untrained ones (12) were from a Belgrade high school. VO2max was directly measured during progressive cycle ergometer exercise using open circuit spirometry. No significant differences in height, mass, percentage fat and vital capacity were noted between the trained and untrained groups. Maximal aerobic power (overall, relative and in relation to lean body mass) in absolute values, and expressed per kilogram of body mass and lean body mass, was 31.5%, 21.2% and 20.6%, respectively, higher in the trained than in the untrained group (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that physical training significantly increases maximal aerobic power in young subjects.
Penicillin for acute sore throat: randomised double blind trial of seven days versus three days treatment or placebo in adults
Authors: S. Zwart
Journal: BMJ (2000)

To assess whether treatment with penicillin for three days and the traditional treatment for seven days were equally as effective at accelerating resolution of symptoms in patients with sore throat compared with placebo.Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial.43 family practices in the Netherlands.561 patients, aged 15-60 years, with sore throat for less than seven days and at least three of the four Centor criteria-that is, history of fever, absence of cough, swollen tender anterior cervical lymph nodes, and tonsillar exudate. 142 patients were excluded for medical reasons and 73 needed penicillin.Patients were randomly assigned to penicillin V for seven days, penicillin V for three days followed by placebo for four days, or placebo for seven days.Resolution of symptoms in the first week, eradication of bacteria after two weeks, and recurrences of sore throat after two, four, and six months.Symptoms resolved 1.9 and 1.7 days earlier in patients taking penicillin for seven days than in those taking penicillin for three days or placebo respectively. Symptoms resolved 2.5 days earlier in patients with group A streptococci and 1.3 days earlier in patients with high colony counts of non-group A streptococci. 23 (13%) of the placebo group had to be given antibiotics later in the week because of clinical deterioration; three developed a peritonsillar abscess. The eradication rate for group A streptococci was 72% in the seven day penicillin group, 41% in the three day penicillin group, and 7% in the placebo group. Sore throat recurred more often in the three day penicillin group than in the seven day penicillin or placebo groups.Penicillin treatment for seven days was superior to treatment for three days or placebo in resolving symptoms of sore throat in patients with group A streptococcal pharyngitis and, possibly, in those with non-group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
Cardiovascular Drug Development
Authors: Christopher B. Fordyce, Matthew T. Roe, Tariq Ahmad, Peter Libby, Jeffrey S. Borer, William R. Hiatt, Michael R. Bristow, Milton Packer, Scott M. Wasserman, Ned Braunstein, Bertram Pitt, David L. DeMets, Katharine Cooper-Arnold, Paul W. Armstrong, Scott D. Berkowitz, Rob Scott, Jayne Prats, Zorina S. Galis, Norman Stockbridge, Eric D. Peterson, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)