tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A prospective epidemiological study of injuries in four English professional football clubs.
Authors: R D Hawkins, C W Fuller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

To define the causes of injuries to players in English professional football during competition and training.Lost time injuries to professional and youth players were prospectively recorded by physiotherapists at four English League clubs over the period 1994 to 1997. Data recorded included information related to the injury, date and place of occurrence, type of activity, and extrinsic Playing factors.In all, 67% of all injuries occurred during competition. The overall injury frequency rate (IFR) was 8.5 injuries/1000 hours, with the IFR during competitions (27.7) being significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that during training (3.5). The IFRs for youth players were found to increase over the second half of the season, whereas they decreased for professional players. There were no significant differences in IFRs for professional and youth players during training. There were significantly (p < 0.01) injuries in competition in the 15 minute periods at the end of each half. Strains (41%), sprains (20%), and contusions (20%) represented the major types of injury. The thigh (23%), the ankle (17%), knee (14%), and lower leg (13%) represented the major locations of injury, with significantly (p < 0.01) more injuries to the dominant body side. Reinjury counted for 22% of all injuries. Only 12% of all injuries were caused by a breach of the rules of football, although player to player contact was involved in 41% of all injuries.The overall level of injury to professional footballers has been showed to be around 1000 times higher times higher than for industrial occupations generally regarded as high risk. The high level of muscle strains, in particular, indicates possible weakness in fitness training programmes and use of warming up and cooling down procedures by clubs and the need for benchmarking players' levels of fitness and performance. Increasing levels of injury to youth players as a season progresses emphasizes the importance of controlling the exposure of young players to high levels of competition.
Mice Lacking Expression of Secondary Lymphoid Organ Chemokine Have Defects in Lymphocyte Homing and Dendritic Cell Localization
Authors: Michael D. Gunn, Shigeru Kyuwa, Carmen Tam, Terutaka Kakiuchi, Akio Matsuzawa, Lewis T. Williams, Hideki Nakano
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Secondary lymphoid organ chemokine (SLC) is expressed in high endothelial venules and in T cell zones of spleen and lymph nodes (LNs) and strongly attracts naive T cells. In mice homozygous for the paucity of lymph node T cell (plt) mutation, naive T cells fail to home to LNs or the lymphoid regions of spleen. Here we demonstrate that expression of SLC is undetectable in plt mice. In addition to the defect in T cell homing, we demonstrate that dendritic cells (DCs) fail to accumulate in spleen and LN T cell zones of plt mice. DC migration to LNs after contact sensitization is also substantially reduced. The physiologic significance of these abnormalities in plt mice is indicated by a markedly increased sensitivity to infection with murine hepatitis virus. The plt mutation maps to the SLC locus; however, the sequence of SLC introns and exons in plt mice is normal. These findings suggest that the abnormalities in plt mice are due to a genetic defect in the expression of SLC and that SLC mediates the entry of naive T cells and antigen-stimulated DCs into the T cell zones of secondary lymphoid organs.
Poor perception of dyspnoea in children with undiagnosed asthma
Authors: R. van Gent, L. E. M. van Essen-Zandvliet, M. M. Rovers, J. L. L. Kimpen, G. de Meer, C. K. van der Ent
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The aim of the present study was to establish the differences in dyspnoea perception between children with undiagnosed and diagnosed asthma. A cross-sectional community-based study was performed, which included a parental questionnaire on the child's respiratory health and testing of airway reversibility and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). "Diagnosed asthma" was defined by a physician's diagnosis of asthma. "Undiagnosed asthma" was defined by the presence of asthma symptoms combined with either airway reversibility or BHR without a physician's diagnosis of asthma. Only children with a positive BHR test were selected for further analysis. Perception of dyspnoea was assessed using the Borg scale and the visual analogue scale (VAS), plotted against the percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second and expressed as the slope of the regression line. Of the initial 1,758 participating children, 70 had undiagnosed asthma and 38 had diagnosed asthma. The Borg and VAS slopes in children with undiagnosed asthma were less steep than those of children with diagnosed asthma (Borg: 0.07 and 0.14, respectively; VAS: 0.06 and 0.11, respectively). Among children with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, those without a parent's report of physician's diagnosis of asthma had a worse perception of dyspnoea than children with diagnosed asthma.
Deep brain stimulation plus best medical therapy versus best medical therapy alone for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD SURG trial): a randomised, open-label trial
Authors: Adrian Williams, Steven Gill, Thelekat Varma, Crispin Jenkinson, Niall Quinn, Rosalind Mitchell, Richard Scott, Natalie Ives, Caroline Rick, Jane Daniels, Smitaa Patel, Keith Wheatley
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2010)

Surgical intervention for advanced Parkinson's disease is an option if medical therapy fails to control symptoms adequately. We aimed to assess whether surgery and best medical therapy improved self-reported quality of life more than best medical therapy alone in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease.The PD SURG trial is an ongoing randomised, open-label trial. At 13 neurosurgical centres in the UK, between November, 2000, and December, 2006, patients with Parkinson's disease that was not adequately controlled by medical therapy were randomly assigned by use of a computerised minimisation procedure to immediate surgery (lesioning or deep brain stimulation at the discretion of the local clinician) and best medical therapy or to best medical therapy alone. Patients were analysed in the treatment group to which they were randomised, irrespective of whether they received their allocated treatment. The primary endpoint was patient self-reported quality of life on the 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39). Changes between baseline and 1 year were compared by use of t tests. This trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials, number ISRCTN34111222.366 patients were randomly assigned to receive immediate surgery and best medical therapy (183) or best medical therapy alone (183). All patients who had surgery had deep brain stimulation. At 1 year, the mean improvement in PDQ-39 summary index score compared with baseline was 5.0 points in the surgery group and 0.3 points in the medical therapy group (difference -4.7, 95% CI -7.6 to -1.8; p=0.001); the difference in mean change in PDQ-39 score in the mobility domain between the surgery group and the best medical therapy group was -8.9 (95% CI -13.8 to -4.0; p=0.0004), in the activities of daily living domain was -12.4 (-17.3 to -7.5; p<0.0001), and in the bodily discomfort domain was -7.5 (-12.6 to -2.4; p=0.004). Differences between groups in all other domains of the PDQ-39 were not significant. 36 (19%) patients had serious surgery-related adverse events; there were no suicides but there was one procedure-related death. 20 patients in the surgery group and 13 in the best medical therapy group had serious adverse events related to Parkinson's disease and drug treatment.At 1 year, surgery and best medical therapy improved patient self-reported quality of life more than best medical therapy alone in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. These differences are clinically meaningful, but surgery is not without risk and targeting of patients most likely to benefit might be warranted.
Distinct outcomes of chloride diarrhoea in two siblings with identical genetic background of the disease: implications for early diagnosis and treatment
Authors: P Höglund, C Holmberg, P Sherman, J Kere
Journal: Gut (2001)

BACKGROUND Congenital chloride diarrhoea (CLD, OMIM 214700) is a serious inherited defect of intestinal electrolyte absorption transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion. The major clinical manifestation is diarrhoea with high chloride content which can be balanced by substitution. The molecular pathology involves an epithelial Cl − /HCO 3 − exchanger protein, encoded by the solute carrier family 26, member 3 gene (SLC26A3), previously known as CLD or DRA (downregulated in adenomas). To date, almost 30 different mutations in the SLC26A3 gene have been identified throughout the world. No clear genotype-phenotype correlation has been established. PATIENTS/METHODS Two siblings presenting with CLD were studied for disease history, supplementation, or other treatments, and for mutations in the SLC26A3 gene. RESULTS Mutation analysis revealed a homozygous I544N mutation in both patients. However, despite the uniform genetic background of CLD in this family, the clinical picture and outcome of the disease were remarkably different between siblings. The older sibling had a late diagnosis and chronic course of the disease whereas the younger one, who was diagnosed soon after birth and immediately received supplementation therapy, grows and develops normally. CONCLUSION Time of diagnosis, substitution therapy, compliance, and compensatory mechanisms are more important modulators of the clinical picture of CLD than the type of mutation in the SLC26A3 gene.
Anisotropic Conduction Properties in Canine Atria Analyzed by High-Resolution Optical Mapping
Authors: Takahiro Koura, Motoki Hara, Susumu Takeuchi, Kenichi Ota, Yasumasa Okada, Shunichiro Miyoshi, Atsushi Watanabe, Kazumi Shiraiwa, Hideo Mitamura, Itsuo Kodama, Satoshi Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Anisotropic conduction properties may provide a substrate for reentrant arrhythmias. We investigated the age-dependent changes of structural and functional anisotropy in isolated right atria from infant (1 to 2 months), young (6 to 12 months), and old (6 to 10 years) dogs.The histology of the mapped atrial tissues (a small subepicardial area, 2.8x4.2 mm) was characterized by an age-dependent increase of myofiber width and fat cell infiltration between myofibers. Cx43 was distributed homogeneously over the entire cell surface in infant dogs, whereas it progressively polarized to the cell termini with increasing age. The activation sequences were analyzed by high-resolution optical mapping using a voltage-sensitive dye. Activation fronts from the pacing site proceeded more rapidly along fiber orientation (longitudinal) than across it (transverse). Infant dogs showed "elliptical" isochrones with a smooth transition between longitudinal and transverse propagation, whereas old dogs had a "square" pattern with a sharp transition. Conduction block occurred predominantly during longitudinal propagation in infant dogs but during transverse propagation in old dogs. The shape of the wave front and the degree of lateral uncoupling seemed to decide the preferential direction of block. A zigzag activation causing an extremely slow transverse conduction was observed only in old dogs.Along with the age-dependent structural anisotropy, the preferential direction of block changed from longitudinal to transverse in association with a change in the wave front configuration. A zigzag propagation based on lateral uncoupling would predispose the elderly to multiple reentry and a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation.
Randomized Phase III Trial of Ixabepilone Plus Capecitabine Versus Capecitabine in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With an Anthracycline and a Taxane
Authors: Joseph A. Sparano, Eduard Vrdoljak, Oliver Rixe, Binghe Xu, Alexey Manikhas, Carlos Medina, Susanne Crocamo Ventilari Da Costa, Jungsil Ro, Gonzalo Rubio, Monica Rondinon, Gumersindo Perez Manga, Ronald Peck, Valerie Poulart, Pierfranco Conte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

We sought to determine whether the combination of ixabepilone plus capecitabine improved overall survival (OS) compared with capecitabine alone in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes.A total of 1,221 patients with MBC previously treated with anthracycline and taxanes were randomly assigned to ixabepilone (40 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 1) plus capecitabine (2,000 mg/m(2) orally on days 1 through 14) or capecitabine alone (2,500 mg/m(2) on the same schedule) given every 21 days. The trial was powered to detect a 20% reduction in the hazard ratio (HR) for death.There was no significant difference in OS between the combination and capecitabine monotherapy arm, the primary end point (median, 16.4 v 15.6 months; HR = 0.9; 95% CI, 078 to 1.03; P = .1162). The arms were well balanced with the exception of a higher prevalence of impaired performance status (Karnofsky performance status 70% to 80%) in the combination arm (32% v 25%). In a secondary Cox regression analysis adjusted for performance status and other prognostic factors, OS was improved for the combination (HR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.98; P = .0231). In 79% of patients with measurable disease, the combination significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS; median, 6.2 v 4.2 months; HR = 0.79; P = .0005) and response rate (43% v 29%; P < .0001). Grade 3 to 4 neuropathy occurred in 24% treated with the combination, but was reversible.This study confirmed a previous trial demonstrating improved PFS and response for the ixabepilone-capecitabine combination compared with capecitabine alone, although this did not result in improved survival.
Evaluation of the efficacy of topical corticosteroids
Authors: S.T. ZAYNOUN, A.K. KURBAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Evaluation of the efficacy of topical corticosteroids Get access S.T. ZAYNOUN, S.T. ZAYNOUN Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.K. KURBAN A.K. KURBAN Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 90, Issue 1, 1 January 1974, Pages 85–90, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06365.x Published: 01 January 1974 Article history Accepted: 22 May 1973 Published: 01 January 1974
PWE-017 is Bowel Screening Effective At Identifying Bowel Cancer Early?: Abstract PWE-017 Table
Authors: H Glover, N Townsend, M Guy, D Bowen
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bowel screening aims to identify bowel cancer early to achieve a lower mortality. We looked at whether patients diagnosed with cancer on a bowel screening list have disease at an earlier Dukes stage and thus better prognosis than those with symptoms. <h3>Methods</h3> 176 patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of bowel cancer were identified retrospectively, 63 patients from the Bowel Screening Wales (BSW) list and 137 from all other lists. All patients underwent colonoscopy in Glangwili Hospital between Jan 2009 and Dec 2011. All cases had a histological diagnosis of bowel cancer and subsequent staging using the Dukes classification. <h3>Results</h3> Results showed similar M:F ratios of 73:27% (BSW cohort) and 63:37% (symptomatic cohort). The median ages were 66 yrs (BSW) and 67 yrs (symptomatic).The age range for both groups was 60–72 yrs. The table below compares the no. of patients (%) with each Dukes stage of disease and its statistical significance. A fishers analysis was carried out. Using a P value &lt; 0.05 there was a significant difference in the number of patients presenting at stages A (p = 0.019) and D (p = 0.01) and no statistical difference at stages B (p = 0.19) and C (p = 0.26). In the BSW cohort 4 patients (6.4%) had advance disease and were not fit for surgery compared to 12 patients (8.6%) in the symptomatic cohort. The number of patients cured by polypectomy was 7 (11.1%) in the BSW cohort and 1 (0.7%) in the symptomatic group. 52 patients (82.5%) had bowel resection in the BSW group and 124 (90.5%) in the symptomatic group. The only group with a significant difference statistically was the number of patients treated with polypectomy (p value = 0.0014). The number of patients in each group that were inoperable due to advanced disease or that went on to have bowel resection did not differ statistically with p values of 0.78 and 0.16 respectively. Data was also collected identifying the number of patients in each group by the site of bowel cancer. The distribution was similar in both groups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study demonstrates that more patients are identified with Dukes stage A (p = 0.019) disease through the bowel screening programme and that significantly more patients are managed by polypectomy alone (p = 0.0014). It also demonstrates that significantly less patients are diagnosed with Dukes stage D (p = 0.01) disease through bowel screening. This supports the role of bowel screening and its clinical role in reducing mortality from bowel cancer. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Re: Meta-analysis of Efficacy of Interventions Elevated Depressive Symptoms in Adults Diagnosed With Cancer
Authors: J. C. Coyne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

Despite the fundamental importance of the question of whether interventions can reduce depressive symptoms among can- cer patients, Hart and colleagues (1) had to contend with a literature that is limited in both quality and quantity of studies in their effort to establish basic effect sizes. With few studies to begin with, they had to eliminate four studies because of incom- plete data, and they eliminated another study as an extreme outlier in effect size. They were left with five studies they clas- sified as psychotherapeutic and four studies as pharmacologic. (5) contributed two effect sizes based on comparisons of 29 patients receiving cogni- tive behavior therapy and 23 receiving sup- portive therapy with the same 26-patient no-treatment control group, thus violating the assumption of independence of effect sizes. In sum, the authors identified only weak evidence for the efficacy of psycho- therapeutic interventions from two small studies with no control group for minimal attention and support. Of the four pharmacologic studies, one (6) substantially differed from the others in inadequacies in both its determination of depression and its medication management by mail, and reduction in depressive symp- toms was not its primary outcome. Of the 163 patients randomized to either treat- ment or control group, only 93 were avail- able at follow-up. The other three studies also involved substantial loss of patients to follow-up; one of these studies (7) began with a total of 35 patients randomized to active medication or placebo and retained only 21 at follow-up. Overall, effect sizes for psychothera- peutic and pharmacologic interventions generated by this meta-analysis are mis- leading as estimates of the efficacy of intervention for depressive symptoms among cancer patients. Any verdicts on the efficacy of interventions for depressive symptoms or calls for these interventions to be disseminated and implemented and integrated into routine care are prema- ture. What would seem most appropriate is acknowledgment of the weakness of available data and the need for more and better quality research with more appro- priate control groups.
Genome-wide association analyses identify variants in developmental genes associated with hypospadias
Authors: Frank Geller, Bjarke Feenstra, Lisbeth Carstensen, Tune H Pers, Iris A L M van Rooij, Izabella Baranowska Körberg, Shweta Choudhry, Juha M Karjalainen, Tine H Schnack, Mads V Hollegaard, Wout F J Feitz, Nel Roeleveld, David M Hougaard, Joel N Hirschhorn, Lude Franke, Laurence S Baskin, Agneta Nordenskjöld, Loes F M van der Zanden, Mads Melbye
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Inflammatory Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Postoperative Myocardial Infarction After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: M.V. Podgoreanu, W.D. White, R.W. Morris, J.P. Mathew, M. Stafford-Smith, I.J. Welsby, H.P. Grocott, C.A. Milano, M.F. Newman, D.A. Schwinn
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— The inflammatory response triggered by cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a primary mechanism in the pathogenesis of postoperative myocardial infarction (PMI), a multifactorial disorder with significant inter-patient variability poorly predicted by clinical and procedural factors. We tested the hypothesis that candidate gene polymorphisms in inflammatory pathways contribute to risk of PMI after cardiac surgery. Methods and Results— We genotyped 48 polymorphisms from 23 candidate genes in a prospective cohort of 434 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPB. PMI was defined as creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme level ≥10× upper limit of normal at 24 hours postoperatively. A 2-step analysis strategy was used: marker selection, followed by model building. To minimize false-positive associations, we adjusted for multiple testing by permutation analysis, Bonferroni correction, and controlling the false discovery rate; 52 patients (12%) experienced PMI. After adjusting for multiple comparisons and clinical risk factors, 3 polymorphisms were found to be independent predictors of PMI (adjusted P &lt;0.05; false discovery rate &lt;10%). These gene variants encode the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 ( IL6 −572G&gt;C; odds ratio [OR], 2.47), and 2 adhesion molecules: intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM1 Lys469Glu; OR, 1.88), and E-selectin ( SELE 98G&gt;T; OR, 0.16). The inclusion of genotypic information from these polymorphisms improved prediction models for PMI based on traditional risk factors alone (C-statistic 0.764 versus 0.703). Conclusions— Functional genetic variants in cytokine and leukocyte–endothelial interaction pathways are independently associated with severity of myonecrosis after cardiac surgery. This may aid in preoperative identification of high-risk cardiac surgical patients and development of novel cardioprotective strategies.
Transesophageal echocardiography as the guiding imaging technique during port access minimally invasive cardiac surgery
Authors: R.M. Applebaum, W.M. Cutler, N. Bhardwaj, S.B. Colvin, A.C. Galloway, G.H. Ribakove, E.A. Grossi, D.S. Schwartz, R.V. Anderson, P.A. Tunick, I. Kronzon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
A Study of the Pancreatic Response to Food after Gastrectomy in Man
Authors: T. J. Butler
Journal: Gut (1960)

The results of intubation tests on 50 patients before and after gastrectomy have been reviewed. Following gastrectomy, the pancreatic response to food is modified in the following manner. (1) There is an increase in the resting volume of secretion. (2) After a Billroth I operation, the output in one hour after a meal is some two-thirds of the pre-operative output. (3) After a Polya gastrectomy, the pancreas continues to secrete at its resting rate after meals. (4) Dissociation of enzymes occurs in the afferent loop after a Polya operation. Lipase is frequently absent from the intestinal contents, and trypsin occasionally so. (5) Vagal section appears to be an important factor in the production of the new pattern of response.