tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P044: Urine Arsenic Concentrations and Glycated Hemoglobin: Associations by Diabetes Status in the Strong Heart Study
Authors: Matthew O Gribble, Barbara V Howard, Jason G Umans, Nawar Shara, Kevin A Francesconi, Walter Goessler, Ciprian M Crainiceanu, Ellen K Silbergeld, Eliseo Guallar, Ana Navas-Acien
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Low-moderate exposure to inorganic arsenic has been associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in some studies. While HbA1c is a marker of diabetes control among individuals with treated diabetes, the association between arsenic and HbA1c has not been evaluated according to diabetes status. Hypothesis: Arsenic is positively associated with HbA1c. Methods: We included 3,567 (1774 with diabetes and 1793 without diabetes) American Indian adults who participated in the Strong Heart Study in 1989-1991 with measured urine arsenic, HbA1c and other covariates. We compared HbA1c levels by urine arsenic quartiles using linear regression stratified by diabetes status and adjusted for urine creatinine, demographic variables, body mass index and smoking. Among diabetics, we ran models stratified by fasting glucose and by diabetes treatment. Results: Median (interquartile range) HbA1c levels were 8.1 (6.1, 10.3)% and 5.1 (4.7, 5.4)%, in participants with and without diabetes, respectively. Adjusted mean HbA1c levels were 0.55 (95% CI 0.20, 0.90)%, 1.13 (0.76, 1.49)% and 1.28 (0.77, 1.59)% higher in quartiles 2-4 compared to the lowest quartile; p for trend &lt;0.001. Urine arsenic was not associated with HbA1c levels in those without diabetes: mean difference in HbA1c levels comparing quartiles 2-4 to the lowest quartile were 0.08 (0.01, 0.15)%, -0.03 (-0.10, 0.05)% and -0.05 (-0.13, 0.04)%, respectively; p for trend =0.10. Among diabetics, the association between arsenic and HbA1c was strongest among participants with fasting glucose ≥180 mg/dL, in untreated participants, and in those taking only oral hypoglycemics (Table). Difference (95% Confidence Interval) in HbA1c by Total Urine Arsenic (adjusted for age, sex, region, obesity, smoking and urine creatinine) Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) Diabetes Treatment Urine Arsenic (μg/L) &lt;1.6 (N=291) ≥126 and &lt;180 (N=594) ≥180(N=865) None (N=688) Oral(N=637) Insulin (N=436) Q1 (&lt;8.83) 0.00 (referent) 0.00 (referent) 0.00 (referent) 0.00 (referent) 0.00 (referent) 0.00 (referent) Q2 (≥8.83 and &lt;15.38) 0.15 (-0.33,0.64) 0.04 (-0.34, 0.42) 0.41 (0.03, 0.80) 0.57 (0.07, 1.06) 0.37 (-0.15, 0.89) 0.35 (-0.27, 0.97) Q3 (≥15.38 and &lt;26.37) 0.43 (-0.12, 0.98) 0.38 (-0.04, 0.80) 0.49 (0.09, 0.90) 0.93 (0.39, 1.46) 0.73 (0.19, 1.28) 0.61 (-0.07, 1.28) Q4(≥26.37) −0.21 (-0.86, 0.44) 0.27 (-0.17, 0.71) 0.58 (0.12, 1.04) 0.91 (0.34, 1.49) 0.90 (0.25, 1.54) 0.36 (-0.38, 1.11) p for trend * 0.29 0.22 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.69 * Based on quartile medians Urine arsenic concentrations were positively associated with HbA1c in Strong Heart Study participants with diabetes. No association was found among participants without diabetes. Prospective analyses that evaluate the relationship between arsenic exposure and diabetes, including measures of diabetes control, are needed.
Quantitative Histologic Analysis of the Effect of Chronic Whole-body Irradiation with Gamma Rays on the Spermatogenic Elements and the Interstitial Tissue of the Testes of Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Allen B. Eschenbrenner, Eliza Miller, Egon Lorenz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1948)

Quantitative Histologic Analysis of the Effect of Chronic Whole-body Irradiation with Gamma Rays on the Spermatogenic Elements and the Interstitial Tissue of the Testes of Mice Get access Allen B. Eschenbrenner, Allen B. Eschenbrenner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eliza Miller, Eliza Miller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Egon Lorenz Egon Lorenz National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 9, Issue 3, December 1948, Pages 133–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/9.3.133 Published: 01 December 1948 Article history Received: 22 March 1948 Published: 01 December 1948
Abstract 29: Novel Atheroma-specific Atheroprotective Factor Promotes VSMC Pro-survival Signaling
Authors: Amanda K Segedy, Amy L Pyle, Bin Li, Youmin Zhang, Vladimir Babaev, Parmjit Jat, Sergio Fazio, James B Atkinson, MacRae F Linton, Pampee P Young
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, is primarily driven by atherosclerosis. In recent years, studies have focused on identification of naturally expressed, atheroprotective genes for use in delaying development of or preventing complications from atherosclerosis. To this end, we previously identified SPRR3 (small proline rich protein 3) as a gene specifically upregulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of atheroma versus healthy arterial tissue of humans and mice. In the present study, we generated ApoE-null mice lacking SPRR3, which displayed significantly increased atheroma burden compared with ApoE-null controls. To determine the cellular driver(s) of this phenotype, we investigated SPRR3-dependent changes in bone marrow-derived cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and VSMCs. Bone marrow transplant of SPRR3-expressing cells into SPRR3-/-ApoE-/- recipients failed to rescue atheroma burden. Similarly, no change was observed in SPRR3-deficient versus control ECs. However, apoptosis was significantly reduced in SPRR3-overexpressing VSMCs in vitro. A positive association was also observed between SPRR3 expression and PI3K/Akt activity in VSMCs. The SPRR3-dependent survival advantage observed in SPRR3-overexpressing cells was lost following treatment with PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor. Our data indicate that SPRR3 protects the atheroma from VSMC loss by promoting survival signaling in lesion VSMCs, thereby modulating atherosclerosis development. As the first identified atheroma-specific VSMC pro-survival factor, SPRR3 represents a potential target for lesion-specific modulation of VSMC survival to inhibit plaque progression.
The clinical significance of markers of endothelial dysfunction (ED) inprogression of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP)
Authors: Andrew Ponomarev, Elena Popova, Marina Lebedeva, Sergei Bolevich, Vera Osypencko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Angiogenesis and ED in IIP are considered as key mechanisms of remodeling in lung tissue and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The

Aim of present study was to define some mediators of ED and angiogenesis (endothelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in patients with different clinical forms of IIP.

Patients and methods: 39 patients (22 – usual interstitial pneumonia, 17 – nonspecific interstitial pneumonia) with morphologically proved IIP were investigated. Plasma concentrations of ET-1, VEGF and PAI-1 (ELISA) and morphometrics of lung biopsy for estimation of intensity of neoangiogenesis were performed.

Results: Markes of ED positively correlated with HRCT patterns of lung fibrosis (VEGF r=0,31, p=0,004; ET-1 r=0,37 p=0,003, PAI-1 r=0,38, p=0,006 respectively) the level of VEGF in the blood correlated with parameters of neoangiogenesis in the lung tissue (r=0,37, p=0,001). Patients with PH in comparison with patients without PH demonstrated higher concentrations of ET-1 and PAI-1 (r=0,34, p=0,005 and r=0,37, p=0,002 respectively). Invert correlation was established between PAI-1 and DLCO (r = -0,71, p<0,05), PAI-1 and FVC (r = -0,72, p<0,05).

Conclusion: These data demonstrate the important role of the studied markers of ED and neoangiogenesis in the mechanisms of IIP progression and may be used as predictors of survival.
Cerebrovascular accidents and oral contraception. (Letter to the editor.)
Authors: Zilkha Kj
Journal: BMJ (1964)

2 cases of cerebrovascular incidents in young women taking oral contraceptives are reported.  One patient was 23 and the other 26.  Both had small cerebrovascular episodes for which there was no obvious source for the embolus.  Other cases of cerebrovascular accidents in oral contraceptive users are mentioned.  It is noted that although a relationship of progestagens to thromboembolic incidents has not been proved all cases should be reported and physicians should be made aware of the possible hazards of using oral contraceptives.
Adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for early colon cancer (ECC): What do investigators think makes it worthwhile
Authors: P. Beale, A. K. Nowak, V. Duric, H. Dhillon, M. Stockler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6112 Background: ACT improves survival in ECC. The aim of this study was to determine the survival gains clinical researchers considered necessary to make ACT worthwhile for people with ECC. Methods: We developed a questionnaire from a trade-off interview used to determine preferences for ACT in early breast cancer. The questionnaire elicits the minimum benefits considered sufficient to make worthwhile the side effects and inconvenience of 4 ACT regimens: 1) ‘Mayo’ 5FU-FA; 2) weekly 5FU-FA; 3) oxaliplatin (Ox) with weekly 5FU-FA; and 4) oral capecitabine. The questionnaire was given with verbal and written or written instructions only to 2 groups of investigators at the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group Annual Scientific Meeting. Results: Questionnaires were returned by 64 researchers (38 medical oncologists; 11 study-nurse/data-managers; 9 surgeons; 5 radiation oncologists; 1 other); 40 in the verbal group, and 24 in the written group. Baseline characteristics, mean time to complete the questionnaire (7 min), and proportion of questionnaires wrongly completed (5%) were similar for the 2 groups, as were their preferences and rating of the questionnaire as clear (77%) and easy to understand (73%). Investigators rated smaller survival benefits sufficient to make capecitabine worthwhile (mean of 2 months less, p<0.001), and larger survival benefits necessary to make Ox-based regimens worthwhile (mean of 2 months more, p<0.001), compared with their preferences for the standard Mayo and weekly 5FU-FA regimens. Medical oncologists required smaller benefits than others (p<0.05). The demographic characteristics studied (age, gender, number of dependents/children, marital status) did not influence preferences. Conclusions: The preferences questionnaire was quick and easy to administer, and written instructions were adequate. The questionnaire detected expected differences in preferences between regimens and investigators. Eliciting preferences this way could help plan future clinical trials. We are now studying patients' preferences and what influences them. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Recurrence patterns among T1-2N0 triple-negative breast cancer patients following mastectomy.
Authors: Rebekah Young, Kimberly Gergelis, Shalom Kalnicki, Jana Lauren Fox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

93 Background: Women with early-stage TN breast cancers are at increased risk for recurrence (RR) compared to other molecular subtypes, and are often treated with mastectomy without local adjuvant therapy. We wish to evaluate the RR for these women. Methods: In this single institution retrospective study, women with T1-2N0 TN breast cancer who underwent mastectomy between 2008-12 were identified from tumor registry. Adjuvant chemotherapy was allowed, but adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) was excluded. Of 3,000 cases reviewed, 52 women were identified. Median age was 58.5 (30–90). Lesions were high-grade (83%), and T1-2 (47%, 53%). 21 women (42%) had at least 1 risk factor. 5 women were BRCA+. Women underwent total mastectomy or modified radical mastectomy, and the majority (84%) had adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: At a median follow-up of 3.5 years (6-71 months), there were 8 recurrences (15.4%). 3 (5.8% of cohort) were locoregional (LR) only (2 chest wall (CW) and 1 ipsilateral axilla), 6 (11.5%) involved a concurrent LR and distant recurrence, and 2 (3.8%) were distant only. Median time to recurrence was 17.3 months. The isolated LR recurrences (LRR) were at 14, 15.6 and 15.1 months. Most women (41, 78.8%) were alive with NED. 3 were alive with disease, underdoing treatment, and 1 woman was disease free after treatment for CW recurrence. 8 patients (15.4%) are deceased, half from their cancer. On univariate analysis, there was no significant correlation (p&gt;0.05) between age or high-risk features and RR (STATA v 11). Conclusions: T1-2N0 breast cancer patients are believed to have a low RR following mastectomy. TN disease, however, is more aggressive, and the question of irradiating early stage disease after mastectomy has arisen. A single institution, retrospective study found women with T1-2N0 TN disease fare better with BCT that includes RT, compared to mastectomy alone. Other studies have shown no statistical difference in RR between these 2 groups. We found an isolated LRR rate at 3.5 years of 5.8%. Follow-up and ultimately prospective data is needed to determine whether the isolated LRR warrants a change in treatment recommendations for this pt subset.
제 7 차 춘계학술대회 초록집 : 구연 ; 만성 C 형 간염 바이러스 ( HCV ) 감염자에서 HCV Core 단백과 NS3 단백에 대한 말초혈액단핵세포의 증식반응 및 Cytokine 발현 양상
Authors: 정숙향, 양민진, 이기호, 최요한, 성영철
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2001)
Effect of early chemotherapy intensification with BEACOPP in high-risk, interim-PET positive, advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma on overall treatment outcome of ABVD.
Authors: F. Fiore, K. Patti, S. Viviani, A. Rossi, F. Di Raimondo, M. Cantonetti, T. Feldman, A. Biggi, S. Barrington, A. Gallamini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

8006 Background: Early interim 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) performed after two ABVD courses (PET2) is the most reliable prognosticator in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (AS-HL) patients (pt.). We evaluated retrospectively the results of a therapeutic strategy based on early chemotherapy (CT) intensification with BEACOPP in PET2 positive (PET2+) in AS-HL. Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2007 164 newly diagnosed HL pt. consecutively admitted to 8 Italian and 1 American centers sharing this PET response adapted strategy were enrolled. Results: Prognostic factors were well-balanced between PET2+ and PET2- pt. (p= 0.14-0.89). In 97/164 pt. (59%) PET2 scans underwent central review (CREw) according to a 5-point semiquantitative score with the liver as reference organ for FDG uptake. (Meignan 2009). In 90/97 pt. CREw confirmed the PET2 interpretation of the local PET center (LOPc). Four pt. with a PET2- by LOPc, reclassified as PET2+, showed CT failure after a median of 1.7 months after ABVD CT end. In 3 pt. a PET2+ by LOPc was redefined as PET2- by CREw: 2 were treated with BEACOPP, 1 with ABVD for medical decision: they are all in CCR 22.6 months (20-22.9) after diagnosis. After a median follow up of 26 (10-44) months the 2-year failure free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort (164 pt.) were 88% and 97.5%; 61% and 96% for PET2+, 92.5% and 98% for PET2- pt. (p<0.0001 and p<0.05, respectively). In the 97 pt. with a reviewed PET2 scan the 2-y FFS was 86.5%, 95% for PET2-, 43.8% for PET2+ pt. HR 14.26; p<0.00001. Conclusions: PET response-adapted treatment outcome in this 164 pt. cohort is comparable with that obtained with front-line BEACOPP chemotherapy for all AS- HL pt., however toxicity from over-treatment was spared on most of them. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Parental smoking puts 400 000 UK children into poverty, researchers say
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Some 400 000 children in the United Kingdom live in poverty because their parents smoke and forgo basic household and food essentials to fund their habit, researchers have estimated. They argue that spending more on services to help smokers quit would improve the lives of children.

For the study, published in the journal BMC Public Health ,1 researchers analysed findings from the 2012 Households Below Average Income report and the 2012 Opinions and Lifestyle Survey to estimate the number of children living in poor households containing smokers, how …
Abstract P053: Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension Among U.S. Adults - Results From NHANES 2003-2008
Authors: Zefeng Zhang, Mary Cogswell, Cathleen Gillespie, Jing Fang, Shifan Dai, Carma Ayala, Janelle Peralez, Elena Kuklina, Alicia Carriquiry, Yuling Hong, Robert Merritt, Quanhe Yang
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Evidence from randomized controlled trials demonstrates higher sodium and/or lower potassium intake increase blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. However, the relationship between sodium, potassium and blood pressure has not been examined using nationally representative sample and estimated usual intakes of these nutrients. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that usual sodium and potassium intake have opposing effects on blood pressure and a higher sodium-to-potassium ratio is associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Methods: We analyzed data on 12,854 participants aged 20 years and older from the 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We estimated the usual intakes of sodium and potassium from the diet accounting for measurement error. Mean blood pressure was calculated from up to three readings on each subject and hypertension included both diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the associations between intakes of sodium, potassium and their ratio with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and logistic regression for associations with hypertension. Results: The average estimated usual intakes of sodium and potassium were 3465 and 2741 mg/d, respectively. The average sodium-to-potassium ratio was 1.39; higher ratios were observed among males, younger and non-Hispanic black participants. After adjustment for potential confounders, usual intakes of sodium, potassium and their ratio were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, with an increase of 1.08 mm Hg (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30 – 1.86) and a decrease of 1.47 mmHg (95% CI: -2.31, -0.63) for every 1000 mg/d increase in sodium and potassium intake, respectively, and an increase of 2.80 mmHg (95% CI: 0.90 - 4.70) for every unit increase in sodium-to-potassium ratio. No association was found for diastolic blood pressure. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of usual sodium or potassium intakes were 1.63 (95% CI: 1.14 - 2.34) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.45 - 0.82), respectively, for risk of hypertension. For sodium-to-potassium ratio, the adjusted OR was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.17 - 1.89). The patterns of association were largely consistent across age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and education subgroups. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results indicated higher sodium and lower potassium intakes were associated with increased systolic blood pressure and risk for hypertension. The combined effect of sodium and potassium might play a central role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The results further confirm that reducing sodium and increasing potassium intakes concurrently may have important implications in the prevention of hypertension, and hence, of cardiovascular disease.
Nova et Vetera
Authors: C C BOOTH, W N PICKLES
Journal: BMJ (1957)

B,R,So oxygen supplied to the Air Ministry for high flying, it was not possible to say with any degree of certainty what was the loss (if any) on sales of oxygen for medical purposes in the strict sense of the term.The records of the company showed an average loss of 11 % on cost for medical oxygen in all forms, including liquid oxvgen for high flying, and there did not seem to the Commission to be any justification for any losses sustained on the sales of medical oxygen being in effect carried by the industrial consumers.They recommended that published price scales for medical oxygen should be prepared on the same lines as for industrial oxygen.
Headaches and hormones: a potentially lethal combination
Authors: Ramdeep Bajwa, Paven Preet Kaur, Alessandro Paluzzi
Journal: BMJ (2016)

An 85 year old man presented to the emergency department with a five day history of headache, vomiting, and progressive visual loss in both eyes. He had no history of weight loss, seizures, or limb or facial weakness. He had hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm (under surveillance), hypothyroidism, and benign prostatic hypertrophy.

His blood pressure was 110/75 mm Hg, pulse 80 beats/min and regular, Glasgow coma score (GCS) 15. Peripheral neurological examination was normal. Cranial nerve examination showed bitemporal hemianopia with normal fundoscopy. 

Initial investigations showed deranged biochemistry: sodium 126 mmol/L (reference range 135-145), potassium 3.6 mmol/L (3.5-5), urea 5.6 mmol/L (2.5-6.7), creatinine 101 µmol/L (70-150), C reactive protein 66 mg/L (<10). Full blood count and liver function tests were normal.

He was admitted to the acute medical unit after computed tomography of the head showed a mass arising from the pituitary fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a sellar mass compressing the optic chiasm and signal changes suggestive of haemorrhagic regions within the mass (fig 1⇓).



Coronal T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the head without contrast





### 1. What are the differential diagnoses for patients presenting with bitemporal hemianopia?

#### Short answer

Pituitary adenomas, pituitary apoplexy, craniopharyngiomas, meningiomas, gliomas, and rarely intracranial aneurysms.

#### Discussion

The optic chiasm is the anatomical territory where the nasal fibres of the optic nerve decussate. The retinal fibres that receive stimuli from the superior visual field take an inferior course through the optic chiasm, whereas fibres that receive stimuli from the inferior visual field take a superior course.

Bitemporal hemianopia is classically caused by …
Response to Doxorubicin of Cultured Normal and Cancerous Human Mammary Epithelial Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H S Smith, M E Lippman, A J Hiller, M R Stampfer, A J Hackett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Epithelial cells were isolated and cultured from a number of human mammary specimens of both cancerous and noncancerous origin. Doxorubicin (Dx) sensitivity was measured at second passage with the use of a highly efficient clonogenic assay. For 23 different tumor specimens derived from patients without previous chemotherapy, the drug concentrations required to kill 50% of the cells varied approximately 35-fold. In contrast, for 11 tumor specimens from patients who relapsed after regimens containing Dx, the drug concentration for 50% survival varied only fivefold and the dose-response curves for these specimens clustered at the more resistant end of the spectrum. A wide range of sensitivities was also observed among 13 noncancerous mammary specimens; however, tumor tissue and noncancerous tissue from the same donor were similar. When cultures were subjected to drug incubation periods of 1 and 4 hours, dose-response curves were superimposable when plotted as a function of drug concentration multiplied by time.
Reply to the letter to the editor ‘Integration between oncology and palliative care: does one size fit all?’ by Verna et al.
Authors: D. Hui, S. Bansal, F. Strasser, T. Morita, A. Caraceni, M. Davis, N. Cherny, S. Kaasa, D. Currow, A. Abernethy, C. Nekolaichuk, E. Bruera
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)