tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S11 Feasibility of conducting complex physiological measurements in london primary schools: the Size &amp; Lung function in children (SLIC) Study: Abstract S11 Table 1.
Authors: S Lum, S Sonnappa, A Wade, J Kirkby, R Bonner, S Lee, V Bountziouka, S Legg, E Raywood, D Sears, P Cottam, J Stocks
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3></h3> Despite recognised ethnic differences in lung function, most reference ranges are based on White subjects. Ethnic minorities comprise 40% of the London population, which impacts on healthcare provision. Even when available, selection of appropriate equations is complicated by the increase in admixed populations and complexities of defining ‘ethnicity’. As part of the Wellcome Trust SLIC study (www.ucl.ac.uk/slic) to determine the extent to which body shape, size and composition contributes to ethnic differences in lung function, we examined the feasibility of conducting complex physiological measurements in a multi-ethnic population of London primary school children. <h3>Methods</h3> 14 London schools participated in the study. Science workshops were presented one week prior to commencing assessments. Consent forms and information packs were distributed to all children. All children with parental consent were eligible and were categorised into 4 broad ethnic groups: White; Black; South-Asian (Indian subcontinent) and Other/mixed. Assessments were performed at school in 5 11 year-old children and included detailed anthropometry, 3D phototonic scan for body shape; body composition; spirometry and saliva samples (cotinine and DNA analysis). <h3>Results</h3> Parental consent for anthropometry and spirometry was obtained in 54% of those approached. Amongst these, 88% and 96% provided specific consent for DNA samples and access to GP records respectively (Table 1). Assessments were performed in 2175 children (mean (SD)age: 8.22(1.63); 34%White; 29%Black; 25%South-Asian; 12%Other/mixed ethnicities), 1045(48%) of whom had follow-up assessments a year later. Preliminary analysis indicates: 18% had chronic respiratory illness or acute symptoms at time of test. 12% children had a diagnosis of ‘asthma ever’, with 6% having current asthma (Table 1). Acceptable spirometry<sup>1</sup> was obtained from 1574(72%) healthy children. <h3>Summary</h3> Conducting a field study to undertake complex physiological measurements is feasible even in young children. However, the relatively high prevalence of chronic or acute respiratory disease at time of testing in this age group, combined with exclusions due to technically unsatisfactory spirometry means that results from ~30% of children may be excluded if analysis of results is to be based on a ‘healthy’ population. Such factors must be accounted for when designing respiratory field studies to ensure adequate sample size to reach definitive conclusions. <h3>Reference</h3> Kirkby <i>et al. Pediatr Pulmonol</i> 2008.
PD5-1-8: 4D CT imaging impacts lung volume definitions and dose-volume relationships in radiation treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yixiu Kang, M Kara Bucci, Zhongxing Liao, Helen H. Liu, Susan L. Tucker, Joe Y. Chang, Ritsuko Komaki, James D. Cox, Radhe Mohan, Lei Dong
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Triplets vs. doublets in the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using third generation chemotherapeutic agents: A meta-analysis
Authors: H. A. Azim, A. K. Ganti, I. Elattar, H. Azim, F. R. Loberiza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7580 Background: A platinum-based doublet is the current standard of care in the management of NSCLC. Addition of a third agent to the doublet has not shown to improve outcomes in a previous meta-analysis. Since one of the reasons for this may have been the inclusion of trials utilizing agents inferior to the currently used, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit of adding a third generation cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent to a platinum doublet in terms of response rate, survival, and toxicity in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: Randomized controlled trials for advanced NSCLC, published as full papers in English, comparing doublets to triplets restricted to platinum salts and third-generation cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents (vinorelbine, gemcitabine, docetaxel, paclitaxel) were analyzed. A Medline search was performed using the search terms “lung cancer” and “randomized trials”. Manual searches were also performed in the Journal of Clinical Oncology and Annals of Oncology. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the objective response and toxicity rates were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel estimate. Pooled median ratios for median survival were calculated using the weighted sum of the log-ratio of median ratios of individual study. Results: Eight trials (2,107 patients) published between 2000 and 2006 were eligible. Patients receiving triplet therapy had a significantly increased response rate (OR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.53 –2.26; P&lt;0.001) and median survival (41.9 weeks vs. 37.05 weeks; OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00–1.31; P=0.047), at the expense of higher grade III/IV hematological and neurological toxicity (P&lt;0.001) ( Table ). Conclusions: The addition of a third-generation cytotoxic agent to a platinum-based doublet was associated with improved response rate and survival, but with increased hematological and neurological toxicity. Thus, triplet therapy may be considered in selected good performance status patients with advanced NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]
Long-term sorafenib (SOR) safety profile in more than 700 patients (pts) with renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) treated for 12 to 42 months (mos).
Authors: T. E. Hutson, G. Procopio, B. Escudier, S. Negrier, J. J. Knox, U. Keilholz, C. Szczylik, A. Brueckner, J. Kalmus, C. Bokemeyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4614 Background: While clinical trials have demonstrated that SOR is well tolerated in pts with RCC, data on pts treated for ≥12 mos are limited. With more pts receiving extended SOR treatment, it is important to establish its long-term safety profile. The recent development of a large integrated database of >4,600 pts from 8 company-sponsored studies provided the opportunity to characterize the long-term tolerability of SOR in >700 pts treated ≥12 mos. The long-term safety profile of SOR is presented in 6-mo intervals from 0 to 42 mos. Methods: An integrated database (N=4,684) was created using individual patient data from 6 clinical trials and 2 expanded-access studies evaluating SOR monotherapy in RCC. Patients who received SOR for ≥12 mos were included in the long-term safety population described here. Prevalence rates of selected drug-related adverse events (DRAEs) (NCI-CTCAE v3 terms) and mean dose of SOR were calculated in 6-mo intervals. Results: 707 pts (75% male, 88% aged 45-75 yrs, 57% ECOG PS 0, 70% prior cytokine treatment, 48% prior nephrectomy) received SOR for ≥12 mos. SOR mean treatment duration was 20.2 mos (SD 7.1 mos), with 384 pts treated for ≥18 mos. The DRAEs evaluated were generally mild or moderate in severity throughout the 42 mos, with the greatest decline in prevalence seen during the 12-18 mo interval (Table). Conclusions: The long-term safety profile of SOR, characterized in the largest number of pts treated for ≥12 mos reported to date (n=707), suggests that SOR is well tolerated and that pts can be maintained on long-term SOR with minimal changes in mean SOR dose. Selected DRAEs in pts (%) treated ≥12 mos with SOR by 6-mo intervals Months 0-6(n=707)* 6-12(n=707)* 12-18(n=707)* 18-24(n=384)* 24-30(n=160)* 30-36(n=70)* 36-42(n=28)* Grade, % of pts 1-2 3-4 1-2 3-4 1-2 3-4 1-2 3-4 1-2 3-4 1-2 3-4 1-2 3-4 Diarrhea 55 4 58 4 53 2 49 3 42 3 46 0 57 0 Hand-foot skin reaction 47 10 41 3 33 2 33 1 34 0 31 3 32 0 Alopecia 40 0 31 0 18 0 15 0 13 0 14 0 14 0 Rash/desquamation 36 4 20 1 11 <1 9 0 11 0 14 0 18 0 Fatigue 24 2 21 1 18 1 15 1 13 0 11 3 11 0 Hypertension 18 7 12 5 11 5 14 4 14 3 21 4 25 0 Mean SOR dose, mg/d 697(n=653) 659(n=648) 652(n=650) 641(n=349) 652(n=141) 696(n=61) 688(n=25) * Number of patients entering time interval. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bayer AVEO, Bayer, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Wyeth Bayer AVEO, Bayer, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, Schering-Plough, Wyeth AVEO, Bayer, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, Wyeth
A pilot trial of chemo-embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma using a mixture of docetaxel and polyvinyl alcohol particles
Authors: H. G. Chun, G. N. Rozenblit, G. A. Crea, S. Maddineni, C. Sauerland, L. Kim-Schluger, D. C. Wolf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4228 Background: We have conducted a pilot trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemo-embolization (CE) using a mixture of docetaxel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Eligibility criteria included diagnosis of HCC with discrete lesion on radiologic studies, ANC ≥ 1,000/mm3, platelet ≥ 75,000/mm3, no metabolic encephalopathy, and informed consent. Arterial catheter was introduced via percutaneous transfemoral approach selectively into a branch of the hepatic artery feeding HCC and the arterial branch was embolized with a mixture of docetaxel and PVA particles. Docetaxel (80 mg) was reconstituted in the initial diluent (8 ml) and was then mixed with PVA particles (100–300 μm) immediately prior to CE. Therapeutic response was evaluated in 3–5 weeks after the procedure either by radiological studies or on pathology of explant liver. Results: A total of 26 CEs have been performed in 18 patients. Patient characteristics include median (range) age, 57 (43–75) years; male, 15; Child A/B/C 2/14/2; hepatitis C antibody, 11; prior therapy (resection/acetic acid ablation/alcohol ablation/intrahepatic CDDP/systemic chemotherapy), 1/3/2/1/2. Therapeutic response was not evaluable after 3 CEs; one patient died of neutropenic sepsis on post-CE day 8, another died of variceal rupture on post-CE day 10, and the third died of hepatic failure on post-CE day 6. Two CEs are too early to evaluate. After 21 evaluable CEs, there have been 9 good responses (≥50% tumor necrosis), 4 partial responses (25–49% tumor necrosis), 8 no responses. Six patients subsequently underwent liver transplantation and 3 had liver transplantation within 3 weeks after CE. Significant tumor cell deaths (> 90% tumor necrosis) were observed in all three explant livers. Toxicities included grade ≥ grade 3 neutropenia (3 episodes; including 1 septic death), transient hyperbilirubinemia (5), grade I/II mucositis (4) and transient grade I/II pain (7). Conclusions: This preliminary experience suggests a significant efficacy of the CE with a mixture of docetaxel/PVA particles, with acceptable safety profile in patients with HCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Isozymes of Acid Esterase and Acid Phosphatase in Permanent Human Hematopoietic Cell Lines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C Sundström, H J Radzun, M R Parwaresch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Net enzyme activities of normal human blood cells were measured, and isoelectric focusing patterns of acid esterase (AcE) (EC 3.1.1.6) and acid phosphatase (AcP) (EC 3.1.3.2) were compared with corresponding data obtained for two acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (JM, Molt-4), one acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (Ball-1), one acute non-B-non-T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (KM 3), and one promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60). The AcE isozymes, found in the individual blood cell types, were regularly expressed by the corresponding cell lines. AcP was regularly expressed by lines HL-60 and KM 3, but lines JM, Molt-4, and Ball-1 showed additional isozymes and/or reduction of the intensity of the typical isozymes found in the presumed normal counterparts. This phenomenon resulted partly in an obscuration of the typical isozyme patterns. Our study documents the applicability of isozyme mapping to the characterization of permanent hematopoietic cell lines. The results suggest that long-term culture conditions can repress phenotypic properties and/or derepress gene activities.
Multiple Effects of Glucocorticoids and Hyperosmolality on Isoenzyme Expression in Cultured KB Cells 2
Authors: Robert M. Singer, Fritz Herz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The KB cell line, though indicted as a HeLa-contaminated line, is a useful in vitro model for the study of the regulation of isoenzyme expression. KB cells produced three isoenzymic forms of alkaline phosphatase. When KB cells were grown in the presence of prednisolone and/or in hyperosmolar medium, the total enzyme activity was reduced. This change in activity was coupled with specific alterations in the proportion of each isoenzyme. The slow-moving form (identified biochemically and immunologically as the heat-stable, placental, Regan Isoenzyme) was substantially increased by the steroid hormone and/ or hyperosmolality. The fast-moving form [identified as the Intestine- like, amnion (FL) isoenzyme] was strikingly diminished by either treatment. The intermediate form (tentatively referred to as “hybrid,” inasmuch as it shared properties of the other two isoenzymes) was decreased only when KB cells were grown in hyperosmolar medium containing prednisolone. These results corroborated the notion that these stimuli cause the induction of increased levels of the heat-stable Regan alkaline phosphatase only. They also point out the necessity of performing isoenzyme analysis when one is investigating the regulation of this enzyme.
Results of MIME salvage regimen for recurrent or refractory lymphoma.
Authors: F Cabanillas, F B Hagemeister, P McLaughlin, W S Velasquez, S Riggs, L Fuller, T Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Based on encouraging results of two previous ifosfamide-VP-16 salvage combinations, methyl-gag was added to ifosfamide, methotrexate, and etoposide (VP-16). This combination is called MIME. A total of 208 patients with recurrent lymphoma were treated with this regimen. Response rates were 24% for complete remission and 36% for partial remission. The MIME regimen was more effective in patients who were treated after being off front-line therapy for longer than 6 months. However, responses were also seen in patients with disease clearly resistant to front-line therapy, suggesting that MIME was at least partially non-cross-resistant with front-line doxorubicin-containing regimens. The 15-month median relapse-free survival of complete responders and the 9-month overall median survival time for all patients treated were both similar to results from previous ifosfamide-VP-16 combination use. This regimen has been effective in the treatment of patients with recurrent or refractory lymphoma, but cannot be considered curative in the majority of cases.
Phase III trial of concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) with either the first cycle or the third cycle of cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy to determine the optimal timing of TRT for limited-disease small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Keunchil Park, Jong-Mu Sun, Sang-We Kim, Myung-ju Ahn, Jin Seok Ahn, Dae Ho Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Yong Chan Ahn, Hongryull Pyo, Eun Kyung Choi, Si Yeol Song, Se-Hoon Lee, Jung Shin Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

7004 Background: Concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) with chemotherapy has been regarded as optimal treatment for limited-disease small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the issue on how early TRT should be commenced is not yet defined. Methods: A total of 219 patients with limited-disease SCLC, who were enrolled from July 2003 to June 2010, received four cycles of cisplatin plus etoposide (cisplatin 70 mg/m 2 on day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/m 2 on days 1 to 3 every 3 weeks). We randomly assigned these patients to receive concurrent TRT, beginning with the first cycle (initial arm) or the third cycle (delayed arm) of chemotherapy. In both arms, patients received 2.1 Gy once-daily in 25 fractions over a period of five weeks, with a total dose of 52.5 Gy. Patients with partial or complete response were recommended to receive prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). Results: Approximately 82% of patients completed planned four cycles of chemotherapy with 52.5 Gy TRT (81.1% and 82.4% in the initial and delayed arm, respectively). After a median follow-up of 4.9 years (range, 1.2 – 8.1 years), the median overall survivals were 24.1 and 26.8 months (P=0.60) in the initial and delayed arm, respectively. Progression-free survival and complete response rates were 12.2 vs. 12.1 months (P=0.94) and 36.0% vs. 38.0% (P=0.77) in the initial and delayed arms, respectively. PCI was given to 49.5% and 55.6% of patients in the initial and delayed arms, respectively (P = 0.37). Febrile neutropenia was significantly more frequent with the initial arm, occurring in 21.6% of patients, as compared with 10.2% in the delayed arm (P = 0.02). All grade esophagitis occurred in 45.0% and 37.0% of the initial and delayed arms, respectively (p = 0.23). Conclusions: TRT (52.5 Gy, once daily) beginning with the third cycle of chemotherapy showed comparable survival outcomes and complete response rates with TRT beginning with the first cycle of chemotherapy, with a lower frequency of febrile neutropenia.
Androgen deprivation therapy, osteoporosis in prostate cancer: An evaluation of risk factors and patient awareness
Authors: N. Bhoopalam, T. Tanvetyanon, Z. K. Basrawala, J. D. Branch, S. C. Campbell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4693 Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is often used early for treatment of men with prostate cancer (CAP), but recent studies show that ADT can decrease bone mineral density (BMD) and predispose to osteoporotic fractures. Patients on ADT should have DEXA scan to monitor BMD, and counseling about lifestyle modifications and vitamin supplementation to optimize bone health. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this was commonly practiced among a large group of patients receiving ADT at Hines VA hospital. Methods: A retrospective medical record review and telephone survey was conducted to evaluate risk factors for osteoporosis among 184 CAP patients on LHRH agonist therapy (>1 year duration), and to assess whether patients were counseled about lifestyle modifications (exercise, smoking cessation, alcohol moderation), calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Results: Chart review was completed in 184 patients and complemented by completed questionnaires in 106 (58%). Mean age 77 years; mean BMI 28; Caucasian 76% and African-American 24%. 7.6% were taking steroids, and 10.9% had a history of fracture(s). Despite only 29% of patients being counseled about calcium or vitamin D, nearly half (47%) were taking these supplements. Conversely, despite 58% of men being counseled about exercise, 42% were sedentary and only 27% routinely exercised. Most men were not currently smoking or consuming alcohol regularly, (12% and 11%, respectively). Only 24% had a DEXA scan. Finally, only 14% remembered any discussion with a physician regarding osteoporosis prior to initiation of ADT. An additional 5% recall osteoporosis counseling on follow-up visits. Conclusions: The majority of patients with CAP undergoing ADT did not receive counseling focused on osteoporosis prevention, despite the prevalence of concurrent risk factors for osteoporosis. Based on this data, we have now developed a brochure to educate our patients on ADT about osteoporosis, and we have organized an osteoporosis prevention and treatment clinic for this vulnerable population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase I and Pharmacologic Study of Sequences of Gemcitabine and the Multitargeted Antifolate Agent in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Alex A. Adjei, Charles Erlichman, Jeff A. Sloan, Joel M. Reid, Henry C. Pitot, Richard M. Goldberg, Prema Peethambaram, Pamela Atherton, Lorelei J. Hanson, Steven R. Alberts, James Jett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Multitargeted antifolate (MTA) is an investigational agent that, like gemcitabine, exhibits broad activity in solid tumors. A phase I trial of MTA and gemcitabine was undertaken, based on the demonstration of preclinical cytotoxic synergy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients (group I) received 164 courses (median, four; range, one to 14 courses) of treatment of gemcitabine at doses of 1,000 and 1,250 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8 and MTA at doses of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mg/m 2 , given 90 minutes after gemcitabine on day 1. Courses were repeated every 3 weeks. Because the day 8 dose of gemcitabine was reduced or omitted in 57% of courses due to neutropenia, 21 patients (group II) were treated on an alternate schedule, with MTA administered on day 8 rather than day 1. This group received 85 treatment courses (median, four; range, one to 10 courses). RESULTS: The most common and dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia. Other toxicities included nausea, fatigue, rash, and elevated hepatic transaminases. The maximum-tolerated dose was gemcitabine/MTA 1,000/500 mg/m 2 for group I and 1,250/500 mg/m 2 for group II. Thirteen objective responses were documented (colorectal cancer, n = 3; non–small-cell lung cancer, n = 3; cholangiocarcinoma, n = 2; ovarian carcinoma, n = 2; mesothelioma, n = 1; breast cancer, n = 1; and adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site, n = 1). Gemcitabine had no effect on the disposition of MTA. CONCLUSION: The gemcitabine/MTA combination is broadly active and warrants further evaluation. The sequence of gemcitabine administered on days 1 and 8 with MTA administered on day 8 is better tolerated and is recommended for further study at doses of gemcitabine/MTA 1,250/500 mg/m 2 .