tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lettsomian Lectures ON JAUNDICE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TYPES OCCURRING DURING THE WAR
Authors: W. H. Willcox
Journal: BMJ (1919)

THE subject of these leotures-" Jaundice: wvih special reffrence to types occurring during, the war "--wa s-chosen bbeause it has arousedduwing th:periodbf the-wara-.greatdeal of-interest, owmgtto the manynw.typesstdiedeandbrought ;to ~ebice; and, heosuse dilring the lastfour and -a halL&yeesa.-greatm1a of original wrk - Lasbee carried out on this important subject.I hava^ersouially-had the privilege of studymig closely some of the new types of jaundice.T-hus, in November, 1914, at my out-patient departmetit at St. Mary's Hos- pital,-London, I examined-tbi first case oif jaundice re- cordedI as being directly-due to the ijallation of the vapour-of' tetracliloride of ethane; an-investigation-of th-is case led o on to the discovery of thbe caus of an out- bra-of toxi.JmAdioE oocurring-at that-time amonget wIIpin brk*ssJiithiweouatryJ Ixthis,researeh2 Dr.MadnalInjpbtOtefPitoriss, and Dr. B. Hi SWpilbry, pwthdogisti. of St., Mary% Hospital, Loadon, coftboir&adW In 1914.and pweiomly, the toxicology-of' the arseo- benxel compounds had'been a snbject of great int6est-to mn, especially initw-elation to tonie jaundice,-and inz1916, in conjunction with Mr. John Webster, F..C., a-record of thiww-wrk-bwas-pnbllshed.8'In ' 1915 and -1916, while serving with the Mbditerranean Expeditionary Force as consalting physieiau ILsawawvery large nunmber of cases of epidemic jaundice, beth-in Egypt andin 'the Dardanelles.From 1916 to 1919, whilst serving with the.Mses-Lotamian Expeditionary Fore-as; consuting physician, h ve had the opporttnibtof' seeing a very lrge naumber of oases of jaundice of opidemio type similaT to these occurring in the Dardanelkn, and also a-large number of caet-*due to suoh; infetiosas -paratyploid~euterie, and reAigi fever, malaria, etc;The word "jaundice " is derived from the French jaune (yellow).Wickham Legg gives' several possible deriva.tions for icterus in his work on -ile, Jaundice, and Bilioiss Dima,ses-namely, "'ILKM, the yellOw;breasted marten Lfctepos, the golden oriole, the sight'of-which was supposed to cure jaundice, whereas the bird died (Pliny); and Zcrwor, a kite, from the colour of its eyes."DEFINITION.Osler gives the following brief but excellent definition: "Jaundice or icterus is a condition characterized by, coloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and fluids of the body by the bile pigment."It must be remembered that jaundice, like albuminuria, is a symptom, and not a disease, and may be met with in a variety of oonditions, the common and essential factor being obstruction at some point to the passage of bile along the bile capillaries or ducts. HtISTORICAL.Jaundice has attracted a great deal of attention in medical literature fro-m the-earliest times.There are frequent references to.it-in the writings of Hippocrates, Galen, and Celsus.
A Case of Extra-Skeletal Ewing Sarcoma Elevated with Plasma Pro-GRP and Serum CA125
Authors: S. Yamamoto, T. Kozuki, D. Harada, K. Ohashi, H. Kitajima, N. Nogami, R. Nishimura, N. Teramoto, N. Takigawa, T. Shinkai
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer Stimulates Tumor Angiogenesis by Elevating Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinases
Authors: Yi Tang, Marian T. Nakada, Prabakaran Kesavan, Francis McCabe, Hillary Millar, Patricia Rafferty, Peter Bugelski, Li Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that play pivotal roles in promoting tumor disease progression, including tumor angiogenesis. In many solid tumors, MMP expression could be attributed to tumor stromal cells and is partially regulated by tumor-stroma interactions via tumor cell–associated extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). The role of EMMPRIN during tumor angiogenesis and growth was explored by modulating EMMPRIN expression and activity using recombinant DNA engineering and neutralizing antibodies. In human breast cancer cells, changes in EMMPRIN expression influenced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production at both RNA and protein levels. In coculture of tumor cells and fibroblasts mimicking tumor-stroma interactions, VEGF expression was induced in an EMMPRIN- and MMP-dependent fashion, and was further enhanced by overexpressing EMMPRIN. Conversely, VEGF expression was inhibited by suppressing EMMPRIN expression in tumor cells, by neutralizing EMMPRIN activity, or by inhibiting MMPs. In vivo, EMMPRIN overexpression stimulated tumor angiogenesis and growth; both were significantly inhibited by antisense suppression of EMMPRIN. Expression of both human and mouse VEGF and MMP, derived from tumor and host cells, respectively, was regulated by EMMPRIN. These results suggest a novel tumor angiogenesis mechanism in which tumor-associated EMMPRIN functionally mediates tumor-stroma interactions and directly contributes to tumor angiogenesis and growth by stimulating VEGF and MMP expression.
Transmission dynamics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli clones in rehabilitation wards at a tertiary care centre
Authors: A. Adler, M. Gniadkowski, A. Baraniak, R. Izdebski, J. Fiett, W. Hryniewicz, S. Malhotra-Kumar, H. Goossens, C. Lammens, Y. Lerman, M. Kazma, T. Kotlovsky, Y. Carmeli, None MOSAR
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Etiological Differences Between Subtypes of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study2
Authors: J. Mark Elwood, Richard P. Gallagher, Anne J. Worth, William S. Wood, James C. G. Pearson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Journal Article Etiological Differences Between Subtypes of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study Get access J. Mark Elwood, J. Mark Elwood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard P. Gallagher, Richard P. Gallagher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anne J. Worth, Anne J. Worth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William S. Wood, William S. Wood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James C. G. Pearson James C. G. Pearson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 78, Issue 1, January 1987, Pages 37–44, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/78.1.37 Published: 01 January 1987 Article history Received: 23 December 1985 Revision received: 11 June 1986 Accepted: 09 July 1986 Published: 01 January 1987
Radiotherapy Protocol Deviations and Clinical Outcomes: A Meta-analysis of Cooperative Group Clinical Trials
Authors: N. Ohri, X. Shen, A. P. Dicker, L. A. Doyle, A. S. Harrison, T. N. Showalter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

BackgroundNoncompliance with radiotherapy (RT) protocol guidelines has been linked to inferior clinical outcomes. We performed a meta-analysis of cooperative group trials to examine the association between RT quality assurance (QA) deviations and disease control and overall survival (OS).
<i>S</i>-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) Augmentation of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Antidepressant Nonresponders With Major Depressive Disorder: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: George I. Papakostas, David Mischoulon, Irene Shyu, Jonathan E. Alpert, Maurizio Fava
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Objective Despite the progressive increase in the number of antidepressants, many patients with major depressive disorder continue to be symptomatic. Clearly, there is an urgent need to develop better tolerated and more effective treatments for this disorder. The use of S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe), a naturally occurring molecule that serves as a methyl donor in human cellular metabolism, as adjunctive treatment for antidepressant nonresponders with major depressive disorder represents one such effort toward novel pharmacotherapy development. Method Participants were 73 serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) nonresponders with major depressive disorder enrolled in a 6-week, double-blind, randomized trial of adjunctive oral SAMe (target dose: 800 mg/twice daily). Patients continued to receive their SRI treatment at a stable dose throughout the 6-week trial. The primary outcome measure for the study was the response rates according to the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM–D). Results The HAM–D response and remission rates were higher for patients treated with adjunctive SAMe (36.1% and 25.8%, respectively) than adjunctive placebo (17.6% versus 11.7%, respectively). The number needed to treat for response and remission was approximately one in six and one in seven, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of SAMe- versus placebo-treated patients who discontinued the trial for any reason (20.6% versus 29.5%, respectively), due to adverse events (5.1% versus 8.8%, respectively), or due to inefficacy (5.1% versus 11.7%, respectively). Conclusions These preliminary results suggest that SAMe can be an effective, well-tolerated, and safe adjunctive treatment strategy for SRI nonresponders with major depressive disorder and warrant replication.
An Immune Basis for Malaria Protection by the Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: Thomas N Williams, Tabitha W Mwangi, David J Roberts, Neal D Alexander, David J Weatherall, Sammy Wambua, Moses Kortok, Robert W Snow, Kevin Marsh
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Malaria resistance by the sickle cell trait (genotype HbAS) has served as the prime example of genetic selection for over half a century. Nevertheless, the mechanism of this resistance remains the subject of considerable debate. While it probably involves innate factors such as the reduced ability of Plasmodium falciparum parasites to grow and multiply in HbAS erythrocytes, recent observations suggest that it might also involve the accelerated acquisition of malaria-specific immunity.We studied the age-specific protection afforded by HbAS against clinical malaria in children living on the coast of Kenya. We found that protection increased with age from only 20% in the first 2 y of life to a maximum of 56% by the age of 10 y, returning thereafter to 30% in participants greater than 10 y old.Our observations suggest that malaria protection by HbAS involves the enhancement of not only innate but also of acquired immunity to the parasite. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms might yield important insights into both these processes.
Studies of carcinoembryonic antigen of whole and extracted serum in ulcerative colitis
Authors: S. K. Khoo, P. S. Hunt, I. R. Mackay
Journal: Gut (1973)

The present study has used a microradioimmunoassay to detect carcinoembryonic antigen(s) (CEA) in whole and extracted serum in 77 patients with ulcerative colitis, two of whom had coexisting colonic carcinoma, and 69 patients with carcinoma of the colon or rectum. Taking 5 ng/ml as the level of positivity, the CEA assay on whole serum showed positive results in patients with `active9 ulcerative colitis (15 of 17) but not in those with `inactive9 disease (0 of 23). In two patients, levels fell during drug-induced remission. Our results also indicated that a positive result for CEA on extracted serum was associated with carcinomatous changes in ulcerative colitis in contrast to uncomplicated ulcerative colitis in which positive results were obtained only with whole serum.
Specific airway resistance in vivo - Discussion on irritant induced nasobronchial reflex
Authors: Jana Plevkova, Martina Sutovska, Silvia Gavliakova, Zuzana Biringerova, Eva Hanuskova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Terminals of the trigeminal afferents innervating nasal mucosa are called gate- keepers, since these fibres are the first to detect substances entering the airways. Trigeminal excitation by irritants initiates airway defensive mechanisms, and it is also attributed to the influence of lower airways resistance in terms of nasobronchial reflex. This phenomenon is frequently under debate, because some investigators have been unable to confirm its existence. Pennock9s method which is frequently used to measure airway resistance (Raw) in vivo measures total airway resistance. However, the results are commonly misinterpreted as a bronchoconstriction in case of its rise and upper airways are forgotten. 30 Dunkin Hartely guinea pigs, twice adapted to stay in plethysmograph were exposed to nasal stimuli (TRPA1 agonist – irritant allylisocyanate (AITC), TRPM8 agonist with antiirritating potential – menthol and saline as a control). Raw was measured pre challenges as baseline, after nasal provocation, and further after inhalation of 10-6 histamine and 10-6 methacholine. The data showed rise of Raw only after nasal AITC challenge, with further increased responsiveness to histamine and methacholine (5.3 vs. 10.18 vs.11.26 vs 17.32 cmH2O.s-1, p
Long-term remission after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in LPS-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) deficiency
Authors: Markus G. Seidel, Tatjana Hirschmugl, Laura Gamez-Diaz, Wolfgang Schwinger, Nina Serwas, Andrea Deutschmann, Gregor Gorkiewicz, Werner Zenz, Christian Windpassinger, Bodo Grimbacher, Christian Urban, Kaan Boztug
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Phase 2 study of weekly irinotecan in adults with recurrent malignant glioma: Final report of NABTT 97-11
Authors: Tracy T Batchelor, Mark R Gilbert, Jeffrey G Supko, Kathryn A Carson, Louis B Nabors, Stuart A Grossman, Glenn J Lesser, Tom Mikkelsen, Surasak Phuphanich
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2004)

The primary objective of this study was to determine the proportion of patients exhibiting a radiographic response in a cohort of patients with recurrent malignant glioma who were treated with irinotecan. Secondary objectives were to determine progression-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity. The trial was terminated after the first 18 patients were enrolled in this multicenter, 2-stage, phase 2 study. Twelve patients received concurrent enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs, and 6 did not. Each cycle consisted of a 90-min i.v. infusion of irinotecan every week for 4 consecutive weeks, followed by 2 weeks off. One patient had a complete response, 5 patients had stable disease, 5 patients had radiographic progression, 6 patients were removed from the study because of toxicity, and 1 patient refused further therapy and was removed from the study. The response rate in this study was 6% (1/18), and 28% (5/18) of these patients progressed while receiving irinotecan. Dose-limiting toxicities consisted of diarrhea in 5 patients, neutropenia in 1 patient, infection in 1 patient, and respiratory failure in 1 patient. Irinotecan had minimal efficacy in this cohort of 18 patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Toxicity was significant but similar to that reported in other patient populations.
Adult height and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: a case-control study using the UK General Practice Research Database
Authors: R. Hubbard
Journal: Thorax (2000)

BACKGROUND The reasons why cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis has emerged as a new clinical entity during the second half of the 20th century are unclear. Some environmental exposures have been identified as potential risk factors including occupational dust, cigarette smoking and antidepressants, but there have been no studies of the role of early life exposures. Since adult height reflects, in part, early life experience, we have examined the relation between adult height and the risk of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. METHODS A case-control study of 569 cases and 3669 age, sex, and community matched controls drawn from the UK General Practice Research Database was undertaken. RESULTS Evidence was found of an inverse association between quintile of height and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (odds ratio (OR) per increase in height quintile 0.93, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.99). This association was not diminished by adjustment for smoking status (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.00), but some minor attenuation did occur after adjustment for oral corticosteroid use (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.02). There was a significant interaction with sex such that the effect of height was strong in women (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.97) and absent in men (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.09). CONCLUSIONS These findings raise the possibility that early life exposures may be important in determining the lifetime risk of developing cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.
Cognitive ethology, over-attribution of agency and focusing abilities as they relate to the origin of concepts
Authors: Carolyn A. Ristau
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Carey's superb discussion of the origin of concepts is extended into the field of cognitive ethology. I also suggest that agency may be a default mechanism, often leading to over-attribution. The problem therefore becomes one of specifying the conditions in which agency is not attributed. The significance of attentional/focusing abilities on conceptual development is also emphasized.
Finnish HLA studies confirm the increased risk conferred by HLA-B27 homozygosity in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: E Jaakkola
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine the influence of <i>HLA-B27</i> homozygosity and <i>HLA-DRB1</i> alleles in the susceptibility to, and severity of, ankylosing spondylitis in a Finnish population. <b>Methods:</b> 673 individuals from 261 families with ankylosing spondylitis were genotyped for <i>HLA-DRB1</i> alleles and <i>HLA-B27</i> heterozygosity/homozygosity. The frequencies of <i>HLA-B27</i> homozygotes in probands from these families were compared with the expected number of <i>HLA-B27</i> homozygotes in controls under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The effect of <i>HLA-DRB1</i> alleles was assessed using a logistic regression procedure conditioned on <i>HLA-B27</i> and case–control analysis. <b>Results:</b><i>HLA-B27</i> was detected in 93% of cases of ankylosing spondylitis. An overrepresentation of <i>HLA-B27</i> homozygotes was noted in ankylosing spondylitis (11%) compared with the expected number of <i>HLA-B27</i> homozygotes under HWE (4%) (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 6.8), p = 0.002). <i>HLA-B27</i> homozygosity was marginally associated with reduced BASDAI (<i>HLA-B27</i> homozygotes, 4.5 (1.6); <i>HLA-B27</i> heterozygotes, 5.4 (1.8) (mean (SD)), p = 0.05). Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) was present in significantly more <i>HLA-B27</i> positive cases (50%) than <i>HLA-B27</i> negative cases (16%) (OR = 5.4 (1.7 to 17), p&lt;0.004). <i>HLA-B27</i> positive cases had a lower average age of symptom onset (26.7 (8.0) years) compared with <i>HLA-B27</i> negative cases (35.7 (11.2) years) (p&lt;0.0001). <b>Conclusions:</b><i>HLA-B27</i> homozygosity is associated with a moderately increased risk of ankylosing spondylitis compared with <i>HLA-B27</i> heterozygosity. <i>HLA-B27</i> positive cases had an earlier age of onset of ankylosing spondylitis than <i>HLA-B27</i> negative cases and were more likely to develop AAU. <i>HLA-DRB1</i> alleles may influence the age of symptom onset of ankylosing spondylitis.
Neonatal administration of idiotype or antiidiotype primes for protection against Escherichia coli K13 infection in mice.
Authors: K E Stein, T Söderström
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Antibodies directed against the capsular polysaccharides (Ps) of encapsulated pathogenic bacteria can protect the host against infection with such organisms. The immune response to Ps, however, does not develop until relatively late in ontogeny. We have, therefore, studied alternative ways to stimulate anti-Ps antibody responses in neonates, namely priming with idiotype (Id) and anti-Id. We believe that these studies provide the first demonstration of the use of an anti-Id antibody to prime for protection against a bacterial infection and the first demonstration of the ability of a monoclonal anti-Id to prime for protection against any microbial infection. We have used a monoclonal IgM Id, anti-K13 capsular antibody, and a monoclonal IgG1 anti-Id in studies of the effects of administration of anti-Id or Id within 24 h after birth on the ability of mice to respond to subsequent immunization and challenge with live bacteria. These studies show that neonatal administration of 1 micrograms of Id or 50 ng of anti-Id lead to significantly enhanced protection in mice immunized at 4 wk of age and challenged at 5 wk with an intraperitoneal injection of 20-30 LD50 of E. coli 06:K13:H1, as compared with unprimed or antigen (Ps)-primed controls. Mice primed at birth, immunized at 12 wk of age, a time when they can respond fully to Ps itself, and challenged 1 wk later, were still significantly protected by anti-Id priming but no longer showed the effects of Id. We conclude that administration of protective Id early in life may serve a dual function in providing immediate passive protection as well as priming for protective antibodies upon subsequent antigen exposure.
Nearest neighbor affects G:C to A:T transitions induced by alkylating agents.
Authors: B W Glickman, M J Horsfall, A J Gordon, P A Burns
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The influence of local DNA sequence on the distribution of G:C to A:T transitions induced in the lacI gene of E. coli by a series of alkylating agents has been analyzed. In the case of nitrosoguanidine, two nitrosoureas and a nitrosamine, a strong preference for mutation at sites proceeded 5' by a purine base was noted. This preference was observed with both methyl and ethyl donors where the predicted common ultimate alkylating species is the alkyl diazonium ion. In contrast, this preference was not seen following treatment with ethylmethanesulfonate. The observed preference for 5'PuG-3' site over 5'-PyG-3' sites corresponds well with alterations observed in the Ha-ras oncogene recovered after treatment with NMU. This indicates that the mutations recovered in the oncogenes are likely the direct consequence of the alkylation treatment and that the local sequence effects seen in E. coli also appear to occur in mammalian cells.
Yeast Proteome Variations Reveal Different Adaptive Responses to Grape Must Fermentation
Authors: Mélisande Blein-Nicolas, Warren Albertin, Benoît Valot, Philippe Marullo, Delphine Sicard, Christophe Giraud, Sylvie Huet, Aurélie Bourgais, Christine Dillmann, Dominique de Vienne, Michel Zivy
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. uvarum are two domesticated species of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto clade that diverged around 100 Ma after whole-genome duplication. Both have retained many duplicated genes associated with glucose fermentation and are characterized by the ability to achieve grape must fermentation. Nevertheless, these two species differ for many other traits, indicating that they underwent different evolutionary histories. To determine how the evolutionary histories of S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum are mirrored on the proteome, we analyzed the genetic variability of the proteomes of domesticated strains of these two species by quantitative mass spectrometry. Overall, 445 proteins were quantified. Massive variations of protein abundances were found, that clearly differentiated the two species. Abundance variations in specific metabolic pathways could be related to phenotypic traits known to discriminate the two species. In addition, proteins encoded by duplicated genes were shown to be differently recruited in each species. Comparing the strain differentiation based on the proteome variability to those based on the phenotypic and genetic variations further revealed that the strains of S. uvarum and some strains of S. cerevisiae displayed similar fermentative performances despite strong proteomic and genomic differences. Altogether, these results indicate that the ability of S. cerevisae and S. uvarum to complete grape must fermentation arose through different evolutionary roads, involving different metabolic pathways and duplicated genes.