tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Controversies in Management: Prevention is possible if doctors are taught how
Authors: H G Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

As I passed through the Avon Gorge on my way into work I saw the emergency services below the Clifton suspension bridge reaching out to the body of someone who had committed suicide. It made me reflect on the terrible psychological pain that forces someone to carry out such an awful irrevocable act - one which to most of us seems inconceivable. I firmly believe that healthcare professionals should attempt to prevent suicide in those who consult them and that it is feasible to try. Clearly, it would be silly to argue that we can prevent all suicides: the task is simply to try to prevent those suicidal deaths that might be avoided. The American psychiatrist George Murphy expressed neatly how little reward there is for undertaking the task but he remains optimistic: “If suicide is prevented the patient will live. Yet to quantify this effect is impossible. The absence of suicide generates no data. Thus we can never prove what has been accomplished, yet we can hardly doubt that it occurs.”1

Some people may feel that suicide is such a private matter that others should not attempt to intervene. Yet those who are suicidal remain …
Efficacy, Safety, and Quality of Life (Qol) Data from the Eortc 18071 Phase III Trial of Ipilimumab (Ipi) Versus Placebo After Complete Resection of Stage III Melanoma
Authors: A.M.M. Eggermont, V. Chiarion-Sileni, J.-. Grob, R. Dummer, J.D. Wolchok, H. Schmidt, O. Hamid, C. Robert, P.A. Ascierto, J.M. Richards, C. Lebbé, V. Ferraresi, M. Smylie, J.S. Weber, M. Maio, C. Konto, R. Karra Gurunath, V. De Pril, S. Suciu, A. Testori
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Allopurinol in the Therapy of Neoplasia and Blood Diseases. Metabolic Aspects
Authors: R. W. E. Watts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1966)

Therateofnucleic acidturnover isincreased in malignant tissue, andhyperuricaemia andhyperuricaciduria mayoccurwhenthecondition iswidespread asinthemyeloproliferative disorders and reticuloses. Patients whoareundergoing treatment whichinvolves thedissolution oflarge amountsof malignant tissue areatriskfromacuteurinary obstruction. Thismaybeeither intrarenal, through theprecipitation ofuric acid crystals inthedistal part ofthenephron wheretheurine becomes concentratedandwhereacidification occurs (acute uricacid nephropathy), orpostrenal, through calculi orloose aggregates ofuric acidcrystals. Thissudden increase intherateofuric acid production occurs inthecontext ofacomplex clinical situation andthefactors responsible forthedevelopment ofurinary obstruction insomepatients but notinothers areobscure. Theamountofnucleic acid breaking downandtherate atwhich this occurs areimportant, although inthecaseofleukaemia the pretreatment leucocyte countandtheincidence of obstructive complications arenotclosely correlated. Therateofdenovopurine biosynthesis maybe important, either because thepatient isalsoacongenital uric acidoverproducer orbecause ithasbeen accelerated bydrugtreatment asoccurs whenthe 2-substituted thiadiazoles aregiven(Seegmiller, Grayzel, andLiddle, 1959; Krakoff andBalis, 1959; Seegmiller, Grayzel, Liddle, andWyngaarden, 1963; Krakoff, 1965). Thecatabolism oflarge amounts of tissue protein superimposed ona state ofchronic metabolic acidosis withhyperlacticacidaemia dueto ahighlevel ofanaerobic metabolism inthetumour tissue (Field, Block, Levin, andRall, 1966) could causetheexcretion ofapersistently acidurine and favour uric acid precipitation especially inadehydratedpatient. Thecomplication mayalsobemore *TheMedicalProfessorial Unit,St.Bartholomew's Hospital, London, E.C.I. likely tooccuriftheneoplasia develops insubjects whoalways secrete astrongly acidurine (MetcalfeGibson, McCallum, Morrison, andWrong,1965) andaretherefore genetically predisposed toform uric acidstones. Someofthedrugsusedascytotoxic agents ortotreat complications andsymptoms oftheprimary disease areuricosuric, andsohelpto overload therenaltubular fluid withuricacid. Thus,both6-azauridine andorotic acid(which is excreted when6-azauridine isgiven) haveuricosuric properties (Fallon, Frei,Block,andSeegmiller, 1961), ashavetheadrenocorticosteroids
Genetic Effect of Chemotherapy Exposure in Children of Testicular Cancer Survivors
Authors: Gregory V. Kryukov, Craig M. Bielski, Kaitlin Samocha, Menachem Fromer, Sara Seepo, Carleen Gentry, Benjamin Neale, Levi A. Garraway, Christopher J. Sweeney, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Eliezer M. Van Allen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Cancer survivors express anxiety that chemotherapy exposure may lead to transmissible genetic damage in posttreatment children. Preclinical models suggest that chemotherapy exposure may result in considerable genomic alterations in postexposure progeny. Epidemiologic studies have not demonstrated a significant increase in congenital abnormalities in posttreatment children of cancer survivors, but the inherited genome-wide effect of chemotherapy exposure in humans is unknown. Experimental Design: Two testicular cancer survivors cured with chemotherapy who had children pre- and postexposure without sperm banking were identified. Familial germline whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for these families, and analytic methods were utilized to identify de novo alterations, including mutations, recombinations, and structural rearrangements in the pre- and postexposure offspring. Results: No increase in de novo germline mutations in postexposure children compared with their preexposure siblings was found. Furthermore, there were no increased short insertion/deletions, recombination frequency, or structural rearrangements in these postexposure children. Conclusions: In two families of male cancer survivors, there was no transmissible genomic impact of significant mutagenic exposure in postexposure children. This study may provide possible reassuring evidence for patients undergoing chemotherapy who are unable to have pretreatment sperm cryopreservation. Expanded cohorts that utilize WGS to identify environmental exposure effects on the inherited genome may inform the generalizability of these results. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2183–9. ©2015 AACR.
High- versus low-dose levo-leucovorin as a modulator of 5-fluorouracil in advanced colorectal cancer: A ‘GISCAD’ phase III study
Authors: R. Labianca, S. Cascinu, L. Frontini, S. Barni, G. Fiorentini, G. Comella, A. Zaniboni, O. Gottardi, E. Arnoldi, C. Oliani, M. Duro, G. Pavanato, G. Martignoni, A. Raina, E. Piazza, G. Dallavalle, R. Valsecchi, G. Pancera
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Kidney Cancer, Version 2.2020
Authors: Robert J. Motzer, Eric Jonasch, M. Dror Michaelson, Lakshminarayanan Nandagopal, John L. Gore, Saby George, Ajjai Alva, Naomi Haas, Michael R. Harrison, Elizabeth R. Plimack, Jeffrey Sosman, Neeraj Agarwal, Sam Bhayani, Toni K. Choueiri, Brian A. Costello, Ithaar H. Derweesh, Thomas H. Gallagher, Steven L. Hancock, Christos Kyriakopoulos, Chad LaGrange, Elaine T. Lam, Clayton Lau, Bryan Lewis, Brandon Manley, Brittany McCreery, Andrew McDonald, Amir Mortazavi, Phillip M. Pierorazio, Lee Ponsky, Bruce G. Redman, Bradley Somer, Geoffrey Wile, Mary A. Dwyer, Lydia J. Hammond, Griselda Zuccarino-Catania
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2019)

The NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer provide multidisciplinary recommendations for the clinical management of patients with clear cell and non–clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and are intended to assist with clinical decision-making. These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize the NCCN Kidney Cancer Panel discussions for the 2020 update to the guidelines regarding initial management and first-line systemic therapy options for patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Update: Adverse Events Following Civilian Smallpox Vaccination—United States, 2003
Journal: JAMA (2003)

up, and reported adverse events after vaccination receive follow-up as needed.TheU.S.DepartmentofDefense is conducting surveillance for vaccine-associated adverse events among military vaccinees and providing follow-up care to those persons with reported adverse events. Adverse events that have been associated with smallpox vaccinationareclassifiedonthebasisofevidence supporting the reported diagnoses. Cases verified by virologic testing are classified as confirmed (Table).Casesareclassifiedasprobable if possible alternative etiologies are investigated and excluded and supportiveinformationforthediagnosis is found. Cases are classified as suspected if they have clinical features compatible with the diagnosis, but either further investigationisrequiredorinvestigationof the case did not provide supporting evidence for the diagnosis. All reports of events that follow vaccination are accepted (i.e., events associatedtemporally);however,reported adverseeventsarenotnecessarilyassociated causally with vaccination, andsomeoralloftheseeventsmight be coincidental. This report includescasesthatareeitherunderinvestigation or have a reported final diagnosis. Because of ongoing discussions of final case definitions, numbers and classifications of adverse events might change and will be updated regularly in MMWR. AsofApril25,atotalof15cases of myopericarditis have been reported (Table); four new or reclassified cases were recorded during April 19-25. One new case of acute myocardialinfarction(MI)alsowas reported.
Effect of age and cancer on peripheral immune cell subsets and their PD-1 and PD-L1 expression
Authors: Italia Grenga, Lauren Lepone, Renee Donahue, Jacob Richards, Simon Metenou, Christopher R Heery, Ravi Madan, James L Gulley, Jeffrey Schlom
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Immunotherapies aiming to interfere with the immune checkpoint molecule PD-1 (programmed death-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are currently being investigated in several clinical trials to treat cancer patients. Little is known about the effect of age or cancer on peripheral immune cell
Novel Circulating Proteins, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPS), and Molecular Tumor Markers as Potential Biomarkers of Sunitinib Efficacy in Treatment-Naïve Patients (PTS) with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)
Authors: R.J. Motzer, T.E. Hutson, G.R. Hudes, R.A. Figlin, J. Martini, P.A. English, L. Wood, X. Huang, O. Valota, J.A. Williams
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Can mitomycin C represent a valid partner for 5-fluorouracil in second-line chemotherapy of colorectal cancer?
Authors: D. Tassinari, V. Arcangeli, I. Panzini, S. Sartori, L. Gianni, A. Ravaioli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)

7 mg/m 2 every 6 weeks and infusional 5-FU 300 mg/m 2 /24 hours; the treatment was continued for 24 weeks or until evidence of treatment failure. The results are interesting, with three partial responses (12%), two minor responses (8%), five stabilizations of disease (21%), and a median survival of nine months. In our department we are treating patients with advanced colorectal cancer who progressed after a first-line chemotherapy, with bolus mitomycin C 10 mg/m 2 every six weeks, and continuous infusion of 5-FU 200 mg/m 2 and 1-folinic acid 10 mg/m 2
Use of chest radiography in the 22 highest tuberculosis burden countries
Authors: Tripti Pande, Madhukar Pai, Faiz Ahmad Khan, Claudia M. Denkinger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

An estimated 9 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases and 1.5 million deaths were caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2013 [1], more than 80% of which occurred in the 22 highest TB burden countries (HBCs). Among the confirmed incident cases, 4.9 million were pulmonary TB (PTB), of which 58% were bacteriologically confirmed. For many of these cases, chest radiography (CXR) was used as an important tool for triaging, particularly in smear-negative patients, to select patients for further microbiological workup with culture or Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) [2, 3]. For the diagnosis of 42% of PTB cases who were microbiologically negative, CXR was often used to support the clinical decision, particularly in children [1, 4]. CXR is used widely in the 22 highest TB burden countries but we need strategies for cost and human resources <http://ow.ly/RT7fq> We thank all participants of the 22 high TB burden countries for their time and support. We additionally would like to thank Yogesh Jha (Médecins sans Frontières, Paris, France) and Faiz Ahmad Khan (Montreal Chest Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada) for contacting additional participants in countries where it was difficult to receive a response. Srinath Satyanarayana (McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada), Neeraj Raizada (Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland), Sandra Kik (KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands) and Sarder Hossain (TB control program, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh) helped greatly in improving the survey instrument.
A Selective Review of Cerebral Abnormalities in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia Before and After Treatment
Authors: Qiyong Gong, Su Lui, John A Sweeney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

The question of whether there are significant changes in brain anatomy and function at illness onset and over the early course of schizophrenia is a crucial issue with broad implications for prognosis, patient care, and models of illness pathophysiology. Prefrontal hypoactivity and hippocampal and subcortical hyperactivity at the onset of illness may represent a core illness pathophysiology. Gray matter changes have been most robust within thalamo-cortical networks, whereas altered brain activity has been most pronounced in fronto-parietal and default-mode networks. These findings indicate that regional anatomical and functional brain abnormalities are significantly dissociated during the early course of schizophrenia prior to antipsychotic treatment. One possible explanation is that functional MRI may reflect physiological alterations related to acute psychosis or consequences of distal anatomic changes, while changes in brain anatomy reflect more stable and long-standing alterations. The relative stability of brain measures in the early years after illness onset stands in contrast to indirect evidence for moderate progressive changes provided by our recent study of chronic never-treated patients. Our recent cross-sectional study of never-treated patients with chronic schizophrenia found an accelerated age-related decline in cortical thickness, relative to healthy controls, that could not be attributed to medication effects. Studies must consider both the clinical heterogeneity that affects findings of brain changes within schizophrenia and the low specificity of the brain changes, which can occur in other early-onset mental disorders as well.
Surveillance des infections humaines à Campylobacter en France - Partie 1 - Quelles données ? Etude auprès des laboratoires de microbiologie, 2000
Authors: A Gallay, F Simon, F. Mégraud
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

La frequence des infections humaines a Campylobacter, leur gravite potentielle et l'existence de mesures de prevention justifient une surveillance. Avant la mise en place d'une telle surveillance, une etude des pratiques diagnostiques des 
campylobacters a ete realisee aupres des laboratoires. Parmi les laboratoires repondant, une majorite avait realise une recherche de Campylobacter au moins une fois en 1999. Quatre-vingt six pour cent des laboratoires hospitaliers et 37 % des laboratoires de ville procedaient a une identification de l'espece, et respectivement 75 % et 32 % d'entre eux realisaient des tests de sensibilite aux antibiotiques. 
De nombreux laboratoires realisent une recherche de Campylobacter dans les selles et les methodes utilisees sont comparables montrant la faisabilite d'une surveillance des infections a Campylobacter.
Hypocomplementemia Discloses Genetic Predisposition to Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: MARINA NORIS, PIERO RUGGENENTI, ANNALISA PERNA, SILVIA ORISIO, JESSICA CAPRIOLI, CHRISTINE SKERKA, BEATRICE VASILE, PETER F. ZIPFEL, GIUSEPPE REMUZZI
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Familial hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) carry a very poor outcome and have been reported in association with decreased serum levels of the third complement component (C3). Uncontrolled consumption in the microcirculation, possibly related to genetically determined deficiency in factor H—a modulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation—may account for decreased C3 serum levels even during disease remission and may predispose to intravascular thrombosis. In a case-control study by multivariate analysis, we correlated putative predisposing conditions, including low C3 serum levels, with history of disease in 15 cases reporting one or more episodes of familial HUS and TTP, in 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls and in 63 case-relatives and 56 control-relatives, respectively. The relationship between history of disease, low C3, and factor H abnormalities was investigated in all affected families and in 17 controls. Seventy-three percent of cases compared with 16% of controls ( P &lt; 0.001), and 24% of case-relatives compared with 5% of control-relatives ( P = 0.005) had decreased C3 serum levels. At multivariate analysis, C3 serum level was the only parameter associated with the disease within affected families ( P = 0.02) and in the overall study population ( P = 0.01). Thus, subjects with decreased C3 serum levels had a relative risk of HUS or TTP of 16.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66 to 162.39) within families and of 27.77 (95% CI, 2.44 to 314.19) in the overall population, compared to subjects with normal serum levels. Factor H abnormalities were found in four of the cases, compared with three of the healthy family members ( P = 0.02) and none of the controls ( P = 0.04) and, within families, factor H abnormalities were correlated with C3 reduction ( P &lt; 0.05). Reduced C3 clusters in familial HUS and TTP is likely related to a genetically determined deficiency in factor H and may predispose to the disease. Its demonstration may help identify subjects at risk in affected families.
The Ebola Vaccine, Iatrogenic Injuries, and Legal Liability
Authors: Amir Attaran, Kumanan Wilson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Points• The development and eventual deployment of an Ebola vaccine was delayed for various technical and financial reasons, but with the apparent success of a vaccine candidate in a recently reported clinical trial, an urgent problem is the lack of any system to protect vaccine firms from the risks of legal liability caused by vaccine-related injuries.
A Phase 1 Study Of TH-302, An Investigational Hypoxia-Targeted Drug, In Patients With Advanced Leukemias
Authors: Marina Konopleva, Damian R Handisides, Mary Ann Richie, Juliana M Benito, Gautam Borthakur, Elias J. Jabbour, Stefan H. Faderl, Jorge E. Cortes, Stewart Kroll, Michael Andreeff, Hagop M Kantarjian, Deborah A. Thomas
Journal: Blood (2013)
Capacity of unprimed CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing V beta 11 receptors to respond to I-E alloantigens in vivo.
Authors: E K Gao, O Kanagawa, J Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Self tolerance induction in the thymus is known to delete T cells expressing certain V beta TCR molecules. In particular, V beta 17a+ and V beta 11+ T cells are selectively deleted in mice expressing H-2 I-E molecules. Although this finding implies that V beta 17a+ and V beta 11+ T cells have specificity for self I-E molecules, studies with V beta 11+ hybridomas prepared from mature lymphocytes taken from I-E- mice have shown that the vast majority of these hybridomas do not display I-E alloreactivity, at least in vitro. To examine whether V beta 11+ T cells are capable of reacting to I-E antigens in vivo, normal unprimed T cells from I-E- B10.A(4R) mice were transferred to irradiated I-E+ B10.A(2R) hosts and harvested from thoracic duct lymph of the recipients at various intervals. The donor T cells recovered in early lymph collections showed no reactivity to the I-E antigens of the host in vitro, presumably as a reflection of selective sequestration of the host-reactive cells in the lymphoid organs. Significantly, the disappearance of functional host-reactive cells from TDL was paralleled by a 90-95% reduction of V beta 11+ CD4+ cells. Blast cells were rare in early lymph collections but accounted for nearly all of the lymph-borne cells by day 3 after transfer. These blast cell populations contained a surprisingly high proportion of V beta 11+ cells, i.e., up to 25% in some experiments. Interestingly, the enrichment for V beta 11+ cells in the blast populations applied to CD8+ cells as well as to CD4+ cells. Collectively, the data suggest that in marked contrast to the failure of V beta 11+ cells to respond to I-E antigens in vitro, a high proportion of normal resting V beta 11+ cells are capable of reacting to I-E alloantigens in vivo.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a program of intensive sequential chemotherapy for children and young adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission.
Authors: G V Dahl, D K Kalwinsky, J Mirro, A T Look, C H Pui, S B Murphy, C Mason, M Ruggiero, M Schell, F L Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Eighty-seven consecutive children and young adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were treated uniformly with induction chemotherapy based on daunorubicin and cytarabine (ara-C), with the addition of etoposide (VP-16) and azacytidine (5-Az) for refractory patients. Of the 65 patients who entered complete remission, 42 were eligible for assessment of response to intensive chemotherapy consisting of four pairs of drugs administered in sequential fashion. Nineteen others with available histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA)-compatible donors were assigned to receive allogeneic bone marrow transplants within 16 weeks from their dates of complete remission. Durations of continuous complete remission (CCR) in the two groups were not significantly different at a median follow-up time of 6 years (P = .30 by log-rank analysis). Kaplan-Meier estimates of CCR probabilities (+/- SE) at 6 years were 43% +/- 13% (transplantation) and 31% +/- 7% (sequential chemotherapy). Postremission failures in the sequential chemotherapy group resulted from bone marrow relapse in 23 of 29 patients (79%), whereas in the transplantation group, failures were equally divided between marrow relapse and transplantation-related complications of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or infection due to the immunosuppressive effects of ablative chemotherapy. Comparison of hematologic remission curves indicated a significant advantage for marrow transplantation in terms of systemic leukemia control (P = .06). Thus, in programs of intensive chemotherapy of the type described here, allogeneic marrow transplantation should be seriously considered as alternative therapy for patients in first remission who have an HLA-matched sibling donor, provided that effective methods for control of transplant-related complications are available.
Impact of Crizotinib Treatment on Patient-Reported Symptoms and Quality of Life (QOL) in Advanced Alk-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: F.H. Blackhall, T.L. Evans, J. Han, R. Salgia, D. Moro-Sibilot, S. Gettinger, L. Crino, K. Wilner, A. Reisman, S. Iyer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)