tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Epinephrine on Pressure, Flow, and Volume Relationships in the Systemic Circulation of Dogs
Authors: PAOLO CALDINI, SOLBERT PERMUTT, JAMES A. WADDELL, RICHARD L. RILEY
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

The effect of epinephrine on peripheral circulation was studied in ten anesthetized open-chest dogs. Blood flow and right atrial pressure were independently controlled by a right heart bypass; changes in blood volume could be precisely determined from the changes occurring in the bypass reservoir. At constant blood flow and right atrial pressure, a constant infusion of epinephrine (5.8 µg/kg min -1 ) decreased blood volume by an average of 208 ml. During epinephrine infusion, the ratio of changes in blood volume to changes in blood flow measured at constant right atrial pressure, (Δ V /Δ Q · ) Pra , decreased from 0.226 minutes to 0.153 minutes and the ratio of changes in blood volume to changes in right atrial pressure at constant blood flow, the vascular compliance, decreased from 27.1 ml/cm H 2 O to 20.7 ml/cm H 2 O. Transient changes in blood volume following a step decrease in right atrial pressure at constant blood flow showed that blood was draining from two vascular compartments with different time constants: 0.059 minutes and 0.388 minutes before epinephrine infusion and 0.058 minutes and 0.486 minutes during epinephrine infusion. We analyzed the data using a mathematical model of the peripheral circulation consisting of two compartments with different time constants. The analysis showed that the primary effect of epinephrine on the systemic circulation was to redistribute blood flow away from the compartment with the longest time constant. The reduction in (ΔV/Δ Q · ) pra and the decrease in blood volume at constant flow and right atrial pressure were essentially determined by the change in flow distribution brought about by a change in arteriolar tone and not by a change in venous tone.
Aortic Valve Replacement in the Elderly
Authors: Elena A. Ashikhmina, Hartzell V. Schaff, Joseph A. Dearani, Thoralf M. Sundt, Rakesh M. Suri, Soon J. Park, Harold M. Burkhart, Zhuo Li, Richard C. Daly
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Few data exist on long-term outcomes of elderly patients after aortic valve replacement. We evaluated latest follow-up information for patients ≥70 years of age after aortic valve replacement.Late overall survival of 2890 consecutive patients ≥70 years of age who underwent aortic valve replacement between January 1993 and December 2007 was reviewed retrospectively, analyzed, and stratified by preoperative and intraoperative variables. Observed 5-, 10-, and 15-year late postoperative survival was lower than generally expected (68%, 34%, and 8% versus 70%, 42%, and 20%, respectively; P<0.001). Independent predictors of late death included older age, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, stroke, myocardial infarction, immunosuppression, prior coronary artery bypass grafting, implanted pacemaker, lower ejection fraction, hypertension, and New York Heart Association class III or IV. After stratification by age-comorbidity risk score, 10-year survival for the lowest-risk group (n=946 [33%]) was similar to expected survival (55% versus 55%; P=0.50), but for the highest-risk group (n=564 [20%]), survival was significantly lower than expected (9% versus 26%; P<0.001). For 229 pairs of propensity-matched patients with mechanical or biological prostheses, survival was not significantly different (67%, 40%, and 19% versus 71%, 45%, and 7% at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively; P=0.81). Structural deterioration of bioprostheses occurred in 64 patients (2.4%).Survival of elderly patients after aortic valve replacement is influenced by age and preoperative comorbidities; 33% at lowest risk had overall survival similar to that of an age- and sex-matched general population. There was no sufficient evidence that valve type affected survival. Structural deterioration of aortic bioprostheses was rare.
Detection of peptidic erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in sport
Authors: Christian Reichel
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Detection methods for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in sport can be classified into direct and indirect approaches. Direct methods comprise electrophoretic techniques (isoelectric focusing (IEF-), sodium-dodecylsulfate (SDS-), sarcosyl (SAR-) polyacrylamide gel-electrophoreses (-PAGE)), ELISAs and mass spectrometric methods. The haematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport is currently the only applied indirect approach. Newer developments include a mass spectrometric test for peginesatide, sequential exoglycosidase digestion of ertythropoietin (EPO) combined with electrophoresis (SDS/SAR-PAGE), a dipstick method (MAIIA), and a study on the differences in sialic acid O-acetylation of tryptic EPO O-glycopeptides. The focus of this article is on direct detection methods.
A MANOMETRIC METHOD FOR MEASURING THE ACTIVITY OF THE CL. WELCHII LECITHINASE AND A DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN PROPERTIES OF THIS ENZYME
Authors: Paul C. Zamecnik, Lydia E. Brewster, Fritz Lipmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

A manometric method has been described for measurement of the activity of Cl. welchii lecithinase. The method depends on displacement of carbon dioxide from a bicarbonate-carbon dioxide-buffered medium by the phosphorylcholine liberated during the enzymatic hydrolysis.
RECURRENCES OF PITYRIASIS ROSEA: REPOTR OF TWO CASES
Authors: ARTHUR SAYER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1934)

Journal Article RECURRENCES OF PITYRIASIS ROSEA: REPOTR OF TWO CASES Get access ARTHUR SAYER, M.D. ARTHUR SAYER, M.D. New York City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 46, Issue 4, 1 April 1934, Pages 181–184, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1934.tb10202.x Published: 01 April 1934
Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: C Uldry, JP Janssens, B de Muralt, JW Fitting
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

In subjects with normal lung mechanics, inspiratory muscle strength can be reliably and easily assessed by the sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), which is the pressure measured in an occluded nostril during a maximal sniff performed through the contralateral nostril. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the SNIP in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where pressure transmission from alveoli to upper airways is likely to be dampened. Twenty eight patients with COPD were studied (mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) = 36% of predicted). The SNIP and the sniff oesophageal pressure (sniff Poes) were measured simultaneously during maximal sniffs, and were compared to the maximal inspiratory pressure obtained against an occlusion (MIP). All measurements were performed from functional residual capacity in the sitting position. The ratio SNIP/sniff Poes was 0.80, and did not correlate with the degree of airflow limitation. The ratio MIP/sniff Poes was 0.87, and the ratio SNIP/MIP was 0.97. Inspiratory muscle weakness, as defined by a low sniff Poes, was present in 17 of the 28 patients. A false diagnosis of weakness was made in eight patients when MIP was considered alone, in four when SNIP was considered alone, and in only three patients when MIP and SNIP were combined. We conclude that both the sniff nasal inspiratory pressure and the maximal inspiratory pressure moderately underestimate sniff oesophageal pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although suboptimal in this condition, the sniff nasal inspiratory pressure appears useful to complement the maximal inspiratory pressure for assessing inspiratory muscle strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Relation of fetal growth to adult lung function in south India.
Authors: C E Stein, K Kumaran, C H Fall, S O Shaheen, C Osmond, D J Barker
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Follow up studies in Britain have shown that low rates of fetal growth are followed by reduced lung function in adult life, independent of smoking and social class. It is suggested that fetal adaptations to undernutrition in utero result in permanent changes in lung structure, which in turn lead to chronic airflow obstruction. India has high rates of intrauterine growth retardation, but no study has examined the association between fetal growth and adult lung function in Indian people. We have related size at birth to lung function in an urban Indian population aged 38-59 years. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty six men and women born in one hospital in Mysore City, South India, during 1934-1953 were traced by a house-to-house survey of the city. Their mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured using a turbine spirometer. These measurements were linked to their size at birth, recorded at the time. RESULTS: In both men and women mean FEV1 fell with decreasing birthweight. Adjusted for age and height, it fell by 0.09 litres with each pound (454 g) decrease in birthweight in men (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 0.16) and by 0.06 (95% CI -0.01 to 0.13) in women. Likewise, mean FVC fell by 0.11 litres (95% CI 0.02 to 0.19) with each pound decrease in birthweight in men, and by 0.08 litres (95% CI 0.002 to 0.16) in women. FEV1 and FVC were lower in men who smoked, but the associations with size at birth were independent of smoking. Small head circumference at birth was associated with a low FEV1/FVC ratio in men which may reflect restriction in airway growth in early gestation. CONCLUSION: This is further evidence that adult lung function is "programmed" in fetal life. Smoking may be particularly detrimental to the lung function of populations already disadvantaged by poor rates of fetal growth.
Influence of Leukotriene Pathway Polymorphisms on Response to Montelukast in Asthma
Authors: John J. Lima, Shu Zhang, Audrey Grant, Lianhe Shao, Kelan G. Tantisira, Hooman Allayee, Jianwei Wang, James Sylvester, Janet Holbrook, Robert Wise, Scott T. Weiss, Kathleen Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Interpatient variability in montelukast response may be related to variation in leukotriene pathway candidate genes.To determine associations between polymorphisms in leukotriene pathway candidate genes with outcomes in patients with asthma receiving montelukast for 6 mo who participated in a clinical trial.Polymorphisms were typed using Sequenom matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass array spectrometry and published methods; haplotypes were imputed using single nucleotide polymorphism-expectation maximization (SNP-EM). Analysis of variance and logistic regression models were used to test for changes in outcomes by genotype. In addition, chi(2) and likelihood ratio tests were used to test for differences between groups. Case-control comparisons were analyzed using the SNP-EM Omnibus likelihood ratio test.Outcomes were asthma exacerbation rate and changes in FEV(1) compared with baseline.DNA was collected from 252 participants: 69% were white, 26% were African American. Twenty-eight SNPs in the ALOX5, LTA4H, LTC4S, MRP1, and cysLT1R genes, and an ALOX5 repeat polymorphism were successfully typed. There were racial disparities in allele frequencies in 17 SNPs and in the repeat polymorphism. Association analyses were performed in 61 whites. Associations were found between genotypes of SNPs in the ALOX5 (rs2115819) and MRP1 (rs119774) genes and changes in FEV(1) (p < 0.05), and between two SNPs in LTC4S (rs730012) and in LTA4H (rs2660845) genes for exacerbation rates. Mutant ALOX5 repeat polymorphism was associated with decreased exacerbation rates. There was strong linkage disequilibrium between ALOX5 SNPs. Associations between ALOX5 haplotypes and risk of exacerbations were found.Genetic variation in leukotriene pathway candidate genes contributes to variability in montelukast response.
Plasma protein C levels in immunocompromised septic patients are significantly lower than immunocompetent septic patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Rakshit Panwar, Bala Venkatesh, Peter Kruger, Robert Bird, Devinder Gill, Leo Nunnink, Goce Dimeski
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

Activated Protein C [APC] improves outcome in immunocompetent patients with severe sepsis particularly in those who are perceived to have high mortality risk. Before embarking on a trial of APC administration in immunocompromised septic patients, a preliminary study on plasma levels of protein C in this cohort is essential. To assess serum Protein C concentrations in immunocompromised patients as compared to immunocompetent patients during sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock and recovery. Prospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital. Patients satisfying inclusion criteria were enrolled after informed consent. Clinical variables were noted with sample collection when patients met criteria for sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock and recovery. Protein C levels were measured using monoclonal antibody based fluorescence immunoassay. Thirty one patients participated in this study (22 immunocompromised, 9 immunocompetent). Protein C levels were found to be significantly lower in the immunocompromised group compared to the immunocompetent group, particularly observed in severe sepsis [2.27 (95% CI: 1.63-2.9) vs 4.19 (95% CI: 2.87-5.52) mcg/ml] (p = 0.01) and sepsis [2.59 (95% CI: 1.98-3.21) vs 3.64 (95% CI: 2.83-4.45) mcg/ml] (p = 0.03). SOFA scores were similar in both the groups across sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock categories. Protein C levels improved significantly in recovery (p = 0.001) irrespective of immune status. Protein C levels were significantly lower in immunocompromised patients when compared to immunocompetent patients in severe sepsis and sepsis categories. Our study suggests a plausible role for APC in severely septic immunocompromised patients which need further elucidation.
Oncologists Push Beyond New Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Guidelines
Authors: K. Garber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Personalized treatment for lung cancer is evolving faster than professional organizations can issue treatment guidelines. In October, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) endorsed the 2013 molecular testing guidelines issued jointly by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer and two pathology organizations. These guidelines set standards to test for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene translocations. Randomized clinical trials underlying these guidelines showed that, in patients with these tumor mutations, targeted drugs yield better response rates and progressionfree survival than chemotherapy. These drugs include the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib and ALK inhibitors crizotinib and ceritinib. But practices had already widely adopted such testing. Lung cancer specialist Paul Bunn, M.D., of the University of Colorado, estimated that only 20% of U.S. oncology practices don’t test advanced lung tumors for EGFR and ALK mutations. “It’s not totally clear how to get to that 20%,” he said. “ASCO can help with adoption by making [the guidelines] well known.” As those remaining practices gradually adopt tumor genetic testing, academic medical centers and many community oncology practices have already moved on, greatly expanding its scope. Besides EGFR and ALK, research has found more than a dozen other genetic alterations in driver oncogenes in non–small-cell lung cancer. Doctors are already testing for these and prescribing drugs according to the results. They are doing this without guidelines— and mostly without reporting clinical outcomes. Philip Stella, M.D., medical director for the St. Joseph Mercy cancer center in Ann Arbor, Mich., calls this the Wild West.
Prevalence and Type of<i>BRCA</i>Mutations in Hispanics Undergoing Genetic Cancer Risk Assessment in the Southwestern United States: A Report From the Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network
Authors: Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Jessica Clague, Arelis Martir-Negron, Raquel Ogaz, Josef Herzog, Charité Ricker, Chelsy Jungbluth, Cheryl Cina, Paul Duncan, Gary Unzeitig, J. Salvador Saldivar, Mary Beattie, Nancy Feldman, Sharon Sand, Danielle Port, Deborah I. Barragan, Esther M. John, Susan L. Neuhausen, Garrett P. Larson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

To determine the prevalence and type of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) mutations among Hispanics in the Southwestern United States and their potential impact on genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA).Hispanics (n = 746) with a personal or family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer were enrolled in an institutional review board-approved registry and received GCRA and BRCA testing within a consortium of 14 clinics. Population-based Hispanic breast cancer cases (n = 492) enrolled in the Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry, negative by sequencing for BRCA mutations, were analyzed for the presence of the BRCA1 ex9-12del large rearrangement.Deleterious BRCA mutations were detected in 189 (25%) of 746 familial clinic patients (124 BRCA1, 65 BRCA2); 21 (11%) of 189 were large rearrangement mutations, of which 62% (13 of 21) were BRCA1 ex9-12del. Nine recurrent mutations accounted for 53% of the total. Among these, BRCA1 ex9-12del seems to be a Mexican founder mutation and represents 10% to 12% of all BRCA1 mutations in clinic- and population-based cohorts in the United States.BRCA mutations were prevalent in the largest study of Hispanic breast and/or ovarian cancer families in the United States to date, and a significant proportion were large rearrangement mutations. The high frequency of large rearrangement mutations warrants screening in every case. We document the first Mexican founder mutation (BRCA1 ex9-12del), which, along with other recurrent mutations, suggests the potential for a cost-effective panel approach to ancestry-informed GCRA.
Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident cases
Authors: P Stolt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Objective:</b> To quantify the influence of cigarette smoking on the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <b>Methods:</b> 679 cases and 847 controls included during May 1996–June 2000 in a case-control study, using incident cases, comprising the population aged 18–70 years of a defined area of Sweden, were investigated. A case was defined as a person from the study base who received for the first time a diagnosis of RA using the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria, and controls were randomly selected from the study base. Self reported smoking habits among cases and controls, and rheumatoid factor status among cases were registered. The incidence of RA in current smokers, ex-smokers, and ever-smokers, respectively, was compared with that of never-smokers. <b>Results:</b> Current smokers, ex-smokers, and ever-smokers of both sexes had an increased risk for seropositive RA (for ever-smokers the odds ratio was 1.7 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2 to 2.3) for women, and 1.9 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.5) for men), but not for seronegative RA. The increased risk was only apparent among subjects who had smoked ⩾20 years, was evident at an intensity of smoking of 6–9 cigarettes/day, and remained for up to 10–19 years after smoking cessation. The risk increased with increasing cumulative dose of smoking. <b>Conclusion:</b> Smokers of both sexes have an increased risk of developing seropositive, but not seronegative, RA. The increased risk occurs after a long duration, but merely a moderate intensity, of smoking and may remain for several years after smoking cessation.
Neuropsychological Outcomes From a Randomized Trial of Triple Intrathecal Chemotherapy Compared With 18 Gy Cranial Radiation As CNS Treatment in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Findings From Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium Protocol 95-01
Authors: Deborah P. Waber, Jennifer Turek, Lori Catania, Kristen Stevenson, Philippe Robaey, Ivonne Romero, Heather Adams, Cheryl Alyman, Christine Jandet-Brunet, Donna S. Neuberg, Stephen E. Sallan, Lewis B. Silverman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

We evaluated late neuropsychological toxicity in children treated for standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were randomly assigned to receive either cranial radiation therapy (CRT) with double intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy or intensive triple IT chemotherapy (no CRT) as CNS-directed therapy.Between 1996 and 2000, 164 children with standard-risk ALL treated on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Consortium Protocol 95-01 were randomly assigned to receive either 18 Gy CRT delivered in twice daily fractions (0.9 [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] Gy) with double IT therapy (methotrexate and cytarabine) or intensive triple IT drug (methotrexate, cytarabine and hydrocortisone) without CRT. Neuropsychological testing was completed at a median 6 years postdiagnosis for 79 children (CRT, n = 39; triple IT, n = 40), all of whom were in continuous complete remission.Cognitive function for both groups was solidly in the average range, with no consistent group differences in basic cognitive skills. Children treated on the CRT plus double IT arm did, however, exhibit less fluent output and were less effective at modulating their behavior by parent report.This randomized trial revealed only subtle differences 6 years after diagnosis between children who received CNS therapy as CRT plus double IT drug or as intensive triple IT drug. In most situations where comparable therapeutic efficacy can be achieved without CRT, it is preferable to do so. Where therapeutically necessary, however, CRT at lower doses may not add risk for significant neurotoxicity.
Training in elite young athletes (the Training of Young Athletes (TOYA) Study): injuries, flexibility and isometric strength.
Authors: N Maffulli, J B King, P Helms
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1994)

Using a mixed longitudinal design, the incidence of injuries, and the development of flexibility and isometric strength of the upper and lower limbs were studied for 2 years in 453 élite young athletes (aged between 9 and 18 years) practising football, gymnastics, swimming or tennis. The children suffered from a low incidence of injuries. Strength and flexibility did not exert a significant role in determining injuries. The rate of injury was not significantly different between the 2 years of the study. Young swimmers showed a greater generalized flexibility. Girls were more flexible than boys between the ages of 13 to 16 years. Athletic children are able to exert greater isometric strength than normal schoolchildren. Boys diverged from the normal population at 14 years, while athletic girls were stronger at all ages. Girls were stronger than boys up to age 12, who were still increasing their muscle strength at 19 years. The average maximal isometric strength exerted in both upper and lower limbs in the four sports was not significantly different. Male gymnasts over 11 years old were significantly stronger than all other athletes.