tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PLASMA LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINS, HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, AND REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT
Authors: Can Bruce, Roland A. Chouinard, Alan R. Tall
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1998)

▪ Abstract Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) are members of the lipid transfer/lipopolysaccharide binding protein gene family. Recently, the crystal structure of one of the members of the gene family, bactericidal permeability increasing protein, was solved, providing potential insights into the mechanisms of action of CETP and PLTP. These molecules contain intrinsic lipid binding sites and appear to act as carrier proteins that shuttle between lipoproteins to redistribute lipids. The phenotype of human CETP genetic deficiency states and CETP transgenic mice indicates that CETP plays a major role in the catabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl esters and thereby influences the concentration, apolipoprotein content, and size of HDL particles in plasma. PLTP also appears to have an important role in determining HDL levels and speciation. Recent data indicate that genetic CETP deficiency is associated with an excess of coronary heart disease in humans, despite increased HDL levels. Also, CETP expression is anti-atherogenic in many mouse models, even while lowering HDL. These data tend to support the reverse cholesterol transport hypothesis, i.e. that anti-atherogenic properties of HDL are related to its role in reverse cholesterol transport. Recently, another key molecule involved in this pathway was identified, scavenger receptor BI; this mediates the selective uptake of HDL cholesteryl esters in the liver and thus constitutes a pathway of reverse cholesterol transport parallel to that mediated by CETP. Reflecting its role in reverse cholesterol transport, the CETP gene is up-regulated in peripheral tissues and liver in response to dietary or endogenous hypercholesterolemia. An analysis of the CETP proximal promoter indicates that it contains sterol regulatory elements highly homologous to those present in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase; the CETP gene is transactivated by the binding of SREBP-1 to these elements. A challenge for the future will be the manipulation of components of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, such as CETP, PLTP, or scavenger receptor BI for therapeutic benefit.
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Allan S. Brett
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prostaglandins, COX-2, and sensory perception
Authors: D McCarthy
Journal: Gut (2000)

Identification and understanding of the various processes which may underlie the pathogenesis of functional bowel diseases are complex. Apart from the possible contributions of misperception or error, there seem to be four major types of processes potentially involved, namely: (a) motor or secretomotor abnormalities; (b) enteric nervous dysfunction; (c) abnormal sensation; and (d) abnormal central responses to sensory input from peripheral sensations, leading to abnormal responses of efferent autonomic, endocrine, or behavioural activities. In this brief review I will focus on (c) and (d).

Unknown at the present time are: (i) the extent to which visceral pain emanates from hypersensitivity to mechanical, chemical, or other stimuli and (ii) the ways in which learning, conditioning, habituation, long term and short term memory, and explicit or implicit memory or neuronal potentiation, participate in these processes, including the possibility that plastic “memory” (for want of a better word) in peripheral cells and their components (dendrites, nuclei, or axons) or connections (synapses, ganglia, neural networks) is involved in ways in which early or repetitive traumatic life events might act to condition patients to have abnormal sensory responses to normal stimuli at a later stage. My particular inquiries have principally explored the answers to two questions: (1) Are prostaglandins (PGs) involved in these processes? (2) Is PG production from arachidonic acid, the action of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), most relevant to functional bowel disease?

Various types of eicosanoids are made by a variety of cells of the nervous system including neurones (benign and neoplastic) in cell culture, nerve cells in brain, spinal cord, autonomic nerves, and peripheral ganglia, and also in juxtaneuronal cells (astroglia and capillary endothelia) in various sites: products include those of both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways.1 While much is known about …
Adolescence: What the cystic fibrosis team needs to know
Authors: Terry Y Segal
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Adolescence can be defined as a period of biopsychosocial transition from a dependent child to an autonomous/independent adult, usually taking place between 13 and 20 years of age. There is considerable variation between individuals and cultures – in some it is truncated to circumcision. As a group adolescents make up 13% of the general population, but they probably account for about 30–40% of both the paediatrician and adult physician's workload, especially when dealing with a chronic disease of limited life span. Adolescence constitutes a large proportion of the life of a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF).

The treatment of adolescents poses specific challenges for treating disease and promoting health. In working with adolescents, the treatments for disease are played out against a background of rapid physical, psychological and social developmental changes; changes that produce unique communication and management challenges. At no other time of life are the physical and psychosocial elements of illness and behaviour so inextricably intertwined as in adolescence. This can make working with adolescents difficult; however, given the right skills – which can be learned! – practising medicine with young people can be extremely rewarding and productive.
Stem Cell Factor Gene Transfer Promotes Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction via In Situ Recruitment and Expansion of c-kit <sup>+</sup> Cells
Authors: Elisa Yaniz-Galende, Jiqiu Chen, Elie Chemaly, Lifan Liang, Jean-Sebastien Hulot, LaTronya McCollum, Teresa Arias, Valentin Fuster, Krisztina M. Zsebo, Roger J. Hajjar
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Rationale: There is growing evidence that the myocardium responds to injury by recruiting c-kit + cardiac progenitor cells to the damage tissue. Even though the ability of exogenously introducing c-kit + cells to injured myocardium has been established, the capability of recruiting these cells through modulation of local signaling pathways by gene transfer has not been tested. Objective: To determine whether stem cell factor gene transfer mediates cardiac regeneration in a rat myocardial infarction model, through survival and recruitment of c-kit + progenitors and cell-cycle activation in cardiomyocytes, and explore the mechanisms involved. Methods and Results: Infarct size, cardiac function, cardiac progenitor cells recruitment, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activation were measured at different time points in controls (n=10) and upon stem cell factor gene transfer (n=13) after myocardial infarction. We found a regenerative response because of stem cell factor overexpression characterized by an enhancement in cardiac hemodynamic function: an improvement in survival; a reduction in fibrosis, infarct size and apoptosis; an increase in cardiac c-kit + progenitor cells recruitment to the injured area; an increase in cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activation; and Wnt/β-catenin pathway induction. Conclusions: Stem cell factor gene transfer induces c-kit + stem/progenitor cell expansion in situ and cardiomyocyte proliferation, which may represent a new therapeutic strategy to reverse adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction.
Gene Expression Signature to Improve Prognosis Prediction of Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ramon Salazar, Paul Roepman, Gabriel Capella, Victor Moreno, Iris Simon, Christa Dreezen, Adriana Lopez-Doriga, Cristina Santos, Corrie Marijnen, Johan Westerga, Sjoerd Bruin, David Kerr, Peter Kuppen, Cornelis van de Velde, Hans Morreau, Loes Van Velthuysen, Annuska M. Glas, Laura J. Van't Veer, Rob Tollenaar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose This study aims to develop a robust gene expression classifier that can predict disease relapse in patients with early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients and Methods Fresh frozen tumor tissue from 188 patients with stage I to IV CRC undergoing surgery was analyzed using Agilent 44K oligonucleotide arrays. Median follow-up time was 65.1 months, and the majority of patients (83.6%) did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. A nearest mean classifier was developed using a cross-validation procedure to score all genes for their association with 5-year distant metastasis–free survival. Results An optimal set of 18 genes was identified and used to construct a prognostic classifier (ColoPrint). The signature was validated on an independent set of 206 samples from patients with stage I, II, and III CRC. The signature classified 60% of patients as low risk and 40% as high risk. Five-year relapse-free survival rates were 87.6% (95% CI, 81.5% to 93.7%) and 67.2% (95% CI, 55.4% to 79.0%) for low- and high-risk patients, respectively, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.33 to 4.73; P = .005). In multivariate analysis, the signature remained one of the most significant prognostic factors, with an HR of 2.69 (95% CI, 1.41 to 5.14; P = .003). In patients with stage II CRC, the signature had an HR of 3.34 (P = .017) and was superior to American Society of Clinical Oncology criteria in assessing the risk of cancer recurrence without prescreening for microsatellite instability (MSI). Conclusion ColoPrint significantly improves the prognostic accuracy of pathologic factors and MSI in patients with stage II and III CRC and facilitates the identification of patients with stage II disease who may be safely managed without chemotherapy.
Lymphocytic infiltration (Jessner?Kanof): lupus erythematosus tumidus or a manifestation of borreliosis?
Authors: M. Kaatz, B. Zelger, J. Norgauer, M. Ziemer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Lymphocytic infiltration (Jessner–Kanof): lupus erythematosus tumidus or a manifestation of borreliosis? Get access M. Kaatz, M. Kaatz Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Friedrich Schiller University, Erfurter Strasse 35, 07743 Jena, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Zelger, B. Zelger Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Norgauer, J. Norgauer Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Friedrich Schiller University, Erfurter Strasse 35, 07743 Jena, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Ziemer M. Ziemer Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Friedrich Schiller University, Erfurter Strasse 35, 07743 Jena, Germany Correspondence: Mirjana Ziemer. E‐mail: mirjana.ziemer@derma.uni‐jena.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 2, 1 August 2007, Pages 403–405, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07997.x Published: 01 August 2007
Cathepsins D and E in normal, metaplastic, dysplastic, and carcinomatous gastric tissue: an immunohistochemical study.
Authors: T Saku, H Sakai, N Tsuda, H Okabe, Y Kato, K Yamamoto
Journal: Gut (1990)

Immunohistochemical distributions of cathepsins D and E were determined in normal mucosa, metaplastic, dysplastic, and cancerous lesions of the human stomach. Cathepsins D and E were localised in the foveolar epithelium and parietal cells of the normal gastric mucosa, but their intracytoplasmic distributions were different - cathepsin E distribution was even and diffuse in the cytoplasm while cathepsin D was found in coarse intracytoplasmic granules. Chronic inflammation and ulcer did not influence the distribution of these enzymes. No positive staining was obtained in the incomplete type of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Tumour cells of signet ring cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells, however, gave strong and diffuse stainings for cathepsins D and E in the cytoplasm. The results suggest that the distribution of cathepsins D and E is related to each specialised function of the foveolar epithelium and the parietal cells, and that their disappearance is associated with development of well differentiated adenocarcinoma from intestinal metaplasia.
The effects of N-acetylcysteine and anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat steatotic liver produced by a choline-methionine-deficient diet
Authors: H Nakano
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Abundant fat in the liver has been implicated in poor outcome after liver transplantation or liver surgery, but the reasons for this association are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine mechanisms that may be involved in hepatic dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of the steatotic rat liver. Steatosis was produced by a choline-methionine-deficient (CMDD) diet. In the first experiment, isolated perfused rat livers, subjected to 24-hour cold storage followed by 120-minute reperfusion, were used to investigate hypothermic I/R injury of the steatotic rat liver. In the second experiment, livers were subjected to 60-minute partial left lobar vascular clamping to allow study of normothermic I/R injury. In the first experiment, compared with normal nonsteatotic liver, steatotic livers showed significantly greater injury, as assessed by amounts of hepatic enzymes released into the perfusate, bile production, the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the perfusate, as well as in the livers themselves, and electron microscopic findings of sinusoidal microcirculatory injury. The addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, to the liver before cold storage significantly improved these parameters in steatotic livers. The second experiment showed that, compared with nonsteatotic livers, steatotic livers had lower concentrations of GSH and impaired rates of bile production. There was also evidence of increased oxidative stress in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in liver or peripheral blood of rats with fatty livers. An anti-rat intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) monoclonal antibody inhibited neutrophil infiltration into pericentral sinusoids and improved these parameters in the steatotic rats. We conclude that sinusoidal microcirculatory injury is involved in hypothermic I/R injury, that oxidative stress produced by PMNLs is involved in normothermic I/R injury, and that NAC and anti-rat ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody restore liver integrity in I/R injury.
Endogenous Nitric Oxide Release by Vasoactive Drugs Monitored in Exhaled Air
Authors: Rickard E. Malmström, Daniel C. Törnberg, Göran Settergren, Jan Liska, Monika Angdin, Jon O. Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Direct measurements of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) release is of great interest but difficult to perform in vivo. We hypothesized that endogenous NO release from vasoactive substances would be detectable in exhaled air. Exhaled NO was measured after intravenous injections of various endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasoactive drugs, in anesthetized pigs and humans. In pigs, a dose-dependent release of exhaled NO was observed for acetylcholine (ACh), bradykinin, substance P, endothelin (ET)-1, and nitroglycerine. Each compound had an individual and highly reproducible release pattern. Bradykinin-induced NO release was enhanced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. ET receptor antagonism markedly reduced the response in exhaled NO to ET-1, whereas atropin abolished the NO response to ACh. NO synthase inhibition abolished basal levels of exhaled NO as well as the responses in exhaled NO to all compounds except nitroglycerine. In humans, ACh evoked a dose-dependent increase of NO levels in exhaled air. NO release by endogenous vasoactive agonists can be measured online in the exhaled air of pigs and humans. These novel findings may be useful when characterizing NO release from compounds that interfere with NO synthesis or drugs that act as donors of NO. Moreover, the possibility of using exhaled NO as an indicator of pulmonary endothelial dysfunction merits further studies.
Re: Digital compression of facial arteries facilitates cutaneous nasal surgery
Authors: S. Haworth, G. Knepil
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Re: Digital compression of facial arteries facilitates cutaneous nasal surgery Get access S. Haworth, S. Haworth Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Knepil G. Knepil Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 6, 1 December 2013, Page 1357, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12464 Published: 01 December 2013
Antithymocyte globulin treatment for patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: 12-month results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Stephen E Gitelman, Peter A Gottlieb, Mark R Rigby, Eric I Felner, Steven M Willi, Lynda K Fisher, Antoinette Moran, Michael Gottschalk, Wayne V Moore, Ashley Pinckney, Lynette Keyes-Elstein, Sudeepta Aggarwal, Deborah Phippard, Peter H Sayre, Linna Ding, Jeffrey A Bluestone, Mario R Ehlers
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2013)
Periodontal and peri‐implant wound healing following laser therapy
Authors: Akira Aoki, Koji Mizutani, Frank Schwarz, Anton Sculean, Raymond A. Yukna, Aristeo A. Takasaki, Georgios E. Romanos, Yoichi Taniguchi, Katia M. Sasaki, Jorge L. Zeredo, Geena Koshy, Donald J. Coluzzi, Joel M. White, Yoshimitsu Abiko, Isao Ishikawa, Yuichi Izumi
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

Abstract Laser irradiation has numerous favorable characteristics, such as ablation or vaporization, hemostasis, biostimulation (photobiomodulation) and microbial inhibition and destruction, which induce various beneficial therapeutic effects and biological responses. Therefore, the use of lasers is considered effective and suitable for treating a variety of inflammatory and infectious oral conditions. The CO 2 , neodymium‐doped yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet (Nd: YAG ) and diode lasers have mainly been used for periodontal soft‐tissue management. With development of the erbium‐doped yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet (Er: YAG ) and erbium, chromium‐doped yttrium‐scandium‐gallium‐garnet (Er,Cr: YSGG ) lasers, which can be applied not only on soft tissues but also on dental hard tissues, the application of lasers dramatically expanded from periodontal soft‐tissue management to hard‐tissue treatment. Currently, various periodontal tissues (such as gingiva, tooth roots and bone tissue), as well as titanium implant surfaces, can be treated with lasers, and a variety of dental laser systems are being employed for the management of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases. In periodontics, mechanical therapy has conventionally been the mainstream of treatment; however, complete bacterial eradication and/or optimal wound healing may not be necessarily achieved with conventional mechanical therapy alone. Consequently, in addition to chemotherapy consisting of antibiotics and anti‐inflammatory agents, phototherapy using lasers and light‐emitting diodes has been gradually integrated with mechanical therapy to enhance subsequent wound healing by achieving thorough debridement, decontamination and tissue stimulation. With increasing evidence of benefits, therapies with low‐ and high‐level lasers play an important role in wound healing/tissue regeneration in the treatment of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases. This article discusses the outcomes of laser therapy in soft‐tissue management, periodontal nonsurgical and surgical treatment, osseous surgery and peri‐implant treatment, focusing on postoperative wound healing of periodontal and peri‐implant tissues, based on scientific evidence from currently available basic and clinical studies, as well as on case reports.
Double Heterozygous Germline HNF1A Mutations in a Patient With Liver Adenomatosis
Authors: Emmanuelle Jeannot, Geneviève Lacape, Henri Gin, Gabrielle Couchy, Jean Saric, Hervé Laumonier, Brigitte Le Bail, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Charles Balabaud, Jessica Zucman-Rossi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The HNF1A gene is inactivated by mutations in 35% of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) (1,2), rare benign liver tumors. In 90% of these HCAs, mutations are biallelic and somatic. In rare cases, one mutation has a germline origin and the second mutation is somatic, thus meeting the genetic criteria of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3).

Liver adenomatosis (LA) with more than 30 nodules was diagnosed in a 27-year-old patient during the second trimester of a first pregnancy. She has taken oral contraceptives for 10 years and had a slightly abnormal glucose tolerance test at age 18. Gestational diabetes was diagnosed at the 6th month, but she refused insulin therapy and had induced labor at 8 months. Glycemia came back to normal 6 days after delivery and always has been since.

Three …