tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2003: More Chest Compressions and Fewer Shocks Are Given During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation With the 2005 AHA Guidelines
Authors: Lynn J White, Sarah A Cantrell, Robert Cronin, Shawn Koser, David Keseg, Michael R Sayre
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction Long pauses without chest compressions (CC) have been identified in CPR provided by EMS professionals for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA). The 2005 AHA ECC CPR guidelines emphasize CC. The 2005 AHA Basic Life Support (BLS) for Healthcare Professionals (HCP) course introduced a training method with more CPR skills practice during the DVD based course. The purpose of this before/after study was to determine whether CC rates increased after introduction of the 2005 course. Methods This urban EMS system has 400 cardiac etiology OOHCA events annually. A convenience sample of 49 continuous electronic ECG recordings of VF patients was analyzed with the impedance channel of the LIFEPAK 12 (Physio-Control, Redmond WA) and proprietary software. A trained researcher verified the automated analysis. Each CC during the resuscitation attempt and pauses in CC before and after the first defibrillation shock were noted. The time of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was determined by medical record review and onset of regular electrical activity without CC. Medical records were reviewed for outcome to hospital discharge. The EMS patient care protocol for VF was changed on July 1, 2006 to comply with the 2005 AHA ECC guidelines. Cases were grouped by the OOHCA date: 9/2004 to 12/31/2006 (pre) and 7/1/2006 to 4/21/2007 (post). EMS personnel began taking the 2005 BLS for HCP course during spring 2006. Monthly courses over 3 years will recertify 1500 personnel. Results 29 cases were analyzed from the pre group and 20 from the post group. Compressions per minute increased from a mean (±SD) of 47 ± 16 pre to 75 ± 33 post (P &lt; 0.01). The mean count of shocks given per victim decreased from 4.5 ± 4.0 pre to 2.8 ± 1.8 post (P &lt; 0.04). The CC pause before the first shock was unchanged (23.6 ± 18.4 seconds to 22.1 ± 17.9). but the CC pause following that shock decreased significantly from 48.7 ± 63.2 to 11.8 ± 22.5 (p=0.008). Rates of ROSC (55% pre, 50% post) and survival to discharge (15% pre, 13% post) were similar. Conclusion Following introduction of the 2005 BLS for HCP course and the EMS protocol change, the quality of CPR delivered to victims of OOHCA improved significantly compared with pre-2006 CPR. The sample size was too small to detect differences in survival rates.
Safety of epicutaneous immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy: A phase 1 study using the Viaskin patch
Authors: Stacie M. Jones, Wence K. Agbotounou, David M. Fleischer, A. Wesley Burks, Robert D. Pesek, Michael W. Harris, Laurent Martin, Claude Thebault, Charles Ruban, Pierre-Henri Benhamou
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Anemic Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: J W Eschbach, M H Abdulhadi, J K Browne, B G Delano, M R Downing, J C Egrie, R W Evans, E A Friedman, S E Graber, N R Haley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine the effectiveness and safety of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo). Patients: Hemodialysis patients (333) with uncomplicated anemia (hematocrit < 0.30). All received rHuEpo intravenously, three times per week at 300 or 150 U/kg body weight, which was then reduced to 75 U/kg and adjusted to maintain the hematocrit at 0.35 ± 0.03 (SD). Results: The baseline hematocrit (0.223 ± 0.002) increased to 0.35, more than 0.06 over baseline within 12 weeks in 97.4% of patients. Erythrocyte transfusions (1030 within the 6 months before rHuEpo therapy) were eliminated in all patients within 2 months of therapy. Sixty-eight patients with iron overload had a 39% reduction in serum ferritin levels after 6 months of therapy. The median maintenance dose of rHuEpo was 75 U/kg, three times per week (range, 12.5 to 525 U/kg). Nonresponders had complicating causes for anemia: myelofibrosis, osteitis fibrosa, osteomyelitis, and acute or chronic blood loss. Adverse effects included myalgias, 5%; iron deficiency, 43%; increased blood pressure, 35%; and seizures, 5.4%. The creatinine, potassium, and phosphate levels increased slightly but significantly. The platelet count increased slightly but there was no increase in clotting of vascular accesses. Conclusions: The anemia of hemodialysis patients is corrected by rHuEpo resulting in the elimination of transfusions, reduction in iron overload, and improved quality of life. Iron stores and blood pressure must be monitored and treated to maintain the effectiveness of rHuEpo and to minimize the threat of hypertensive encephalopathy.
Selexipag for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Olivier Sitbon, Richard Channick, Kelly M. Chin, Aline Frey, Sean Gaine, Nazzareno Galiè, Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani, Marius M. Hoeper, Irene M. Lang, Ralph Preiss, Lewis J. Rubin, Lilla Di Scala, Victor Tapson, Igor Adzerikho, Jinming Liu, Olga Moiseeva, Xiaofeng Zeng, Gérald Simonneau, Vallerie V. McLaughlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

In a phase 2 trial, selexipag, an oral selective IP prostacyclin-receptor agonist, was shown to be beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.In this event-driven, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 1156 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension to receive placebo or selexipag in individualized doses (maximum dose, 1600 μg twice daily). Patients were eligible for enrollment if they were not receiving treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension or if they were receiving a stable dose of an endothelin-receptor antagonist, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, or both. The primary end point was a composite of death from any cause or a complication related to pulmonary arterial hypertension up to the end of the treatment period (defined for each patient as 7 days after the date of the last intake of selexipag or placebo).A primary end-point event occurred in 397 patients--41.6% of those in the placebo group and 27.0% of those in the selexipag group (hazard ratio in the selexipag group as compared with the placebo group, 0.60; 99% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.78; P<0.001). Disease progression and hospitalization accounted for 81.9% of the events. The effect of selexipag with respect to the primary end point was similar in the subgroup of patients who were not receiving treatment for the disease at baseline and in the subgroup of patients who were already receiving treatment at baseline (including those who were receiving a combination of two therapies). By the end of the study, 105 patients in the placebo group and 100 patients in the selexipag group had died from any cause. Overall, 7.1% of patients in the placebo group and 14.3% of patients in the selexipag group discontinued their assigned regimen prematurely because of adverse events. The most common adverse events in the selexipag group were consistent with the known side effects of prostacyclin, including headache, diarrhea, nausea, and jaw pain.Among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, the risk of the primary composite end point of death or a complication related to pulmonary arterial hypertension was significantly lower with selexipag than with placebo. There was no significant difference in mortality between the two study groups. (Funded by Actelion Pharmaceuticals; GRIPHON ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01106014.).
CLIMATE CHANGE: Will Warmer Soil Be as Fertile?
Authors: Lance Frazer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

The Oxidative Punch of Wildfires Thick smoke routinely cloaks Southern California hills, highways, and neighborhoods during this region's autumn wildfire season, with drought contributing to worse fires than usual in the past two years.Wildfire emissions generate larger aerosols than those produced by vehicles-up to 0.4 micrometers (µm) in diameter compared with less than 0.15 µm-according to a new study led by Constantinos Sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles.In findings published online 6 January 2009 ahead of print in Environmental Science & Technology, the larger particles emitted by fires activated a standard assay of oxidative stress even more potently than traffic pollutants.The performance of different types of particulate matter in oxidative stress tests may provide clues as to how these pollutants cause damage such as proinflammatory or cytotoxic effects.Sioutas and colleagues took advantage of wildfires burning in Southern California in October 2007 to investigate their impact on urban air quality relative to traffic pollutants, with a special emphasis on particulate matter small than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM 2.5 ).The researchers collected air samples on the University of Southern California campus, within 150 meters of a busy freeway near downtown Los Angeles.A series of wildfires had started on 20 October 2007, burning more than 500,000 acres of land and stretching from Santa Barbara County to the Mexican border.When air samples were collected on October 24, 25, and 27, fires were raging within 20 miles of the collection site.Measurements were taken from 4:30 p.m. until 10:30 a.m. the following day to capture pollution from evening and morning rush hour traffic as well as from the fires themselves.The fires in Los Angeles County were under control by October 30; post-fire samples collected on November 1 and 14 represented mostly traffic emissions.Compared with postfire samples, samples collected on the three fire days in October contained a higher number of particles larger than 0.1 µm in diameter.Both carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide levels increased by threefold during fire days, while levels of other air pollutantsozone, nitrogen dioxide, most polycyclic aromatic hydro carbons, iron, copper, chromium, zinc, nickel, and vanadium-remained the same.In addition, during the fire period there was an approximate doubling in several indicators for biomass burning: levoglucosan, water-soluble organic carbon, and various minerals (magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and manganese).Various chemical components of PM 2.5 fuel oxidative stress and are toxic
PERIFUSIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR SCREENING ANTIBODIES (Ab) IN LIVING TISSUE.
Authors: G. L. DeNardo, A. W. Saxe, S. J. DeNardo, A. Epstein, C. Suey
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

UCD Medical Center, Sacramento, CA and Northwestern Univ., Chicago, IL. Supported by DOE Grant DE ATO3-82, ACS Grant PDT-94F and UC Cancer Coord. Committee.
Axillary lymph node coverage of tangent radiotherapy: Comparison of supine versus prone positioning.
Authors: Gregory M. Thompson, Ruth F. Lavigne, Mark Dimascio, Carlos Bohorquez, Michael A. S. Lamba
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

200 Background: Recent randomized evidence has demonstrated low rates of axillary nodal failure in patients with one to two positive lymph nodes who receive local therapy with sentinel lymph node biopsy and simple tangential radiotherapy alone. Decreasing utilization of complete axillary nodal dissections has potential implications for radiotherapy treatment delivery design. We sought to compare the inadvertent coverage of the axillary lymph nodal regions between supine versus prone position for whole breast radiotherapy using simple tangent fields. Methods: Twenty patients with breast cancer who had previously received whole breast radiotherapy with simple tangent fields were randomly selected. Patients were selected such that 10 patients had received treatment in the supine position and 10 patients in the prone position. Axillary lymph node levels I-III were contoured by a single physician according to the RTOG breast contouring atlas. The previously generated radiotherapy plans, each to deliver a prescribed dose between 42.56 and 50Gy, were dosimetrically compared to assess differences in coverage of the nodal volumes. Results: In both positions, dose to each of the axillary nodal regions was low. For level I, the volume receiving 95% of the prescribed dose (V95) was 34.7% for supine positioning and 1.6% for prone positioning. All other analyzed volumes, specifically V25 (71.5% vs 32.6%), V50 (63.3% vs 28.2%), and V75 (57.6% vs 24.1%), were 50% greater for supine compared to prone positioning. Level II coverage was less with V95 of 6% and 0.1% respectively. Similarly V25 (32.8% vs 5.7%), V50 (25.7% vs 3.8%), and V75 (20.3% vs 2.1%) were less compared to level one and greater in the supine position. Level III coverage was less than 10% for both positions at all measured volumes of V95, V75, V50, and V25. Conclusions: Delivery of radiotherapy using simple tangents inadequately covers all axillary nodal levels. Coverage is greater in the supine position with very little inadvertent coverage in the prone position. The risk of nodal recurrence should be carefully considered when deciding to use a simple tangential field design. Additional factors such as dose to the lung and heart should also be considered for positioning.
Abstract 16457: Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Cardiac Cells for Cardiac Repair
Authors: Lei Ye, Qiang Xiong, Pengyuan Zhang, Mike Lepley, Cory Swingen, Jianhua Zhang, Timothy J Kamp, Dan Kaufman, Jianyi Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: We investigated cardiac functional improvements using three distinct human induced pluripoent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived cell populations. Methods: Cardiac myocytes (CMs), endothelial c...
A randomized, double-blind, placebo (P) controlled, multicenter phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding bevacizumab (B) to erlotinib (E) and gemcitabine (G) in patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: W. Vervenne, J. Bennouna, Y. Humblet, S. Gill, M. J. Moore, J. Van Laethem, A. Shang, J. Cosaert, C. Verslype, E. Van Cutsem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

4507 Background: The phase II B+G trial showed a 21% response rate (RR) with a median overall survival (OS) of 8.8 months [Kindler, JCO 2005]. In the phase III OS trial of G+E vs. G the hazard ratio (HR) was 0.82 (95% CI 0.69–0.99; p=0.0328) [Moore, JCO 2007]. Therefore, a phase III trial exploring GE±B was conducted. Methods: Eligible pts had chemonaive, metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and KPS 60–100. The primary endpoint was OS. The sample size allowed the detection of a 30% improvement in median OS (6.9 vs. 9.0 mo, 80% power). Pts received B/P at 5 mg/kg q2w (IV) added to daily E (100 mg/day PO) and G (1,000 mg/m2 30 min IV) given weekly for 7 weeks during first 8-weekly cycle, followed by weekly for 3 weeks during subsequent 4-weekly cycles. CT scans were performed every 8 weeks. Results: 607 pts were enrolled (Jul05-Sep06). Pt characteristics (301GE-P/306GE-B): male 62%/57%; median age 61y/62y; KPS <80 13%/13%. Median duration of follow-up: 177/203 days. As of Mar07 454 pts (233/221) had died. Median OS 6.0/7.1 mo (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.74–1.07). Median PFS 3.6/4.6 mo (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.61–0.86; p=0.0002). Response: complete response 0%/0.7%; partial response 8.6%/12.8%, progressive disease 24.3%/19.9%. Grade 3–4 AEs: no clinically relevant difference observed (see table). Hypertension (Gr 3): 1%/3%; GI perforation 1%/<1%. All grade AEs: bleeding: 23%/42% (mainly epistaxis, 11%/29%); proteinuria 1%/5%; venous thrombosis 18%/15%. Multiple cox regression analysis was performed on OS adjusting for baseline covariates. Conclusion: Addition of B to GE did not lead to significantly longer OS, but there was a trend towards improved OS (95% CI 0.74–1.07) with significantly improved PFS (p=0.0002) in metastatic pancreatic cancer. GEB was very well tolerated. A further update of the data is planned in early 2008. Grade 3 - 4 AEs GE-P (N-287) GE-B (N-296) Pts % Pts % Neutropenia 50 17 62 21 Anemia 26 9 20 7 Thrombocytopenia 18 6 24 8 Fatigue 19 7 16 5 Rash 9 3 23 8 Diarrhea 16* 6 11 4 *1 pt died Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Hoffmann-La Roche Hoffmann-La Roche Hoffmann-La Roche Hoffmann-La Roche Hoffmann-La Roche Hoffmann-La Roche
Genetic variability in DNA repair and clinical outcome in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with concurrent platinum-based chemoradiation
Authors: A. Al Omari, D. J. Murry, B. J. Smith, G. Clamon, S. Bhatia, D. Vaena
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e14621 Background: Concurrent platinum-based chemoradiation (CRT) is the standard of care for stage III NSCLC. CRT is associated with multiple toxicities and substantial interpatient variability in clinical outcomes, with a 20% cure rate. We evaluated the relationship of genetic polymorphisms in platinum metabolic and DNA repair pathways with clinical outcomes in patients treated for stage III NSCLC. Methods: This pilot study was IRB approved and all patients provided written informed consent. Patients with stage III NSCLC who completed CRT were eligible for enrollment. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Genotyping using Pyrosequencing™ was performed for 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): the detoxification enzyme GSTP1 I105V, and the DNA repair genes ERCC1 N118N, ERCC2 K751Q, ERCC2 R156R and XRCC1 R399Q. Pre-treatment variables, progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicity data were obtained from retrospective review of medical records. Results: 23 pts have been enrolled to date. Median age was 58 yrs (49–81). 5 pts received cisplatin and 18 carboplatin. Median radiation dose was 6480 cGy (5000–7020) and median V20 was 27%. 10 pts had grade 3/4 acute CRT toxicities and 7 pts required treatment breaks. Median duration of follow-up was 21 months (4–100). 14 pts recurred and median PFS was 12 months (4–100). 15 pts remain alive. Controlling for age, V20 and radiation dose and using multivariate cox proportional hazards regression, the ERCC2 K751Q and R156R genotypes were independent predictors of PFS (HRs= 0.404 &amp; 2.184, p-values= 0.0172 &amp; 0.0152, respectively, subjects with at least 1 variant allele being reference group). Using multiple logistic regression, the ERCC2 R156R variant showed a trend towards improved response (OR=2.98, p-value= 0.09). Overall survival data is limited by the majority of pts still being alive. Conclusions: Clinical and treatment variables were typical of a stage III NSCLC population. This pilot pharmacogenomic study indicates that outcomes were independently affected by genetic polymorphisms. Our findings, if validated prospectively, could have significant impact on optimizing treatment selection for stage III NSCLC pts, without need for additional tumor tissue. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 184: Consideration of the Patient’s Age Is Important to Predict the Need for Massive Transfusion in Patients with Severe Blunt Trauma
Authors: Takayuki Ogura, Kenji Fujizuka, Minoru Nakano, Mitsunobu Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Back Ground: The aging of society is progressing rapidly, and the aging of the trauma patient has also progressed over time. Age-related physiologic or anatomic loss of organ function, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, and reduction in the average amount of subcutaneous tissue may lead to more serious effects of a traumatic injury. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of patient’s age in the need for massive transfusion. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at a single institution, all patients in this study experienced blunt traumatic injuries. Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or isolated head trauma were excluded. We reviewed data from severely injured trauma patients admitted between Jan. 2008 and Mar. 2012. The following parameters were evaluated: age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), results of the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST), unstable pelvic fracture, femoral fracture, serum lactate, base excess, hemoglobin level (Hb), platelet count (Plt), prothrombin time (PT), antithrombotic agents, active outer bleeding, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Massive transfusion was defined as the transfusion of 10 or more units of packed red blood cells, within 24 hours of the time of injury. We compared the parameters in patients who underwent massive transfusion (the MT group) with those who did not (the non-MT group), and independent contributed variables were detected by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: 232 patients were included. Age, positive FAST, serum lactate, active outer bleeding, the presence of unstable pelvic fracture, and ISS in the MT group were all significantly greater than in the non-MT group. SBP, GCS, Hb, Plt, and PT were significantly less in the MT group than in the non-MT group. Age (p=0.02), SBP (p&lt;0.01), positive FAST (p&lt;0.01), the presence of unstable pelvic fracture (p&lt;0.01), PT (p=0.01), and ISS (p&lt;0.01) were independent contributed variables for massive transfusion. Conclusion: Elderly blunt trauma patient tended to be transfused massively, and consideration of the patient’s age is important to predict the need for massive transfusion in severe blunt trauma patients.
Tumor registry versus physician medical record review: A head-to-head comparison of malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (mPNET) cases
Authors: E. E. Manasanch, T. P. McDade, A. Bodnari, J. McKinney, M. E. Sullivan, G. F. Whalen, B. Piperdi, A. G. Rosmarin, J. F. Tseng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

6600 Background: Researchers have underutilized single-institution tumor registry (TR) data, instead using researcher medical record review and/or personal, departmental or institutional databases to identify patients with particular malignancies. However, TR data is becoming increasingly prominent on a national level through broader use of the National Cancer Database (NCDB). We selected mPNETs as example to compare the accuracy of TR identification of these tumors with physician medical record review (MD Review). Methods: For MD Review, the health information services department of a single academic medical center was queried for all patients with pancreatic ICD9 codes (157.0–157.9; 211.6–211.7) January 2000-August 2008. A single physician reviewer analyzed computerized and paper medical records and identified mPNET cases. For TR data, mPNET patients were identified using the TR database with assistance of TR staff by two separate strategies. From January 2000-December 2006, patients were identified by using diagnosis codes from manual review of admission, discharge, clinic and pathology reports. From January 2007-August 2008 the TR used an automated case finding program (CAL by C/NET, California, USA) that downloaded cases with terms and codes related to malignancy. All MD Review- and TR-identified mPNET cases were reviewed by a second investigator blinded to identification strategy to assure consistency of mPNET definitions. Results: Using MD Review, 1194 pts with pancreatic ICD9 codes were identified. After MD Review, 42 mPNET patients were identified and confirmed. In comparison, TR identified 17 patients, of whom 5 were not identified by MD Review. Of the 47 patients identified by either strategy, TR identified 17/47 (32.6%) patients, whereas MD Review identified 42/47 (89.4%). TR identification rate in time periods 1 and 2 were 30% and 40%, respectively. Conclusions: Analysis of an academic tumor registry demonstrates that a substantial proportion of mPNET cases are missed when compared to ICD-9 identification and physician medical record review. Since MD review is imperfect, the TR may be even less effective at identifying PNETs than our data suggest. This may be applicable to other tumor registries and TR-based national studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.