tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Potential Benefit of Sigmoidoscopic Rescreening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: N. S. Weiss, P. A. Newcomb
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

After a person has tested as negative on their first screening test for a given cancer, how soon should a second test be performed? In a perfect world, the answer to this question, at least in terms of efficacy, would be obtained from the results of randomized trials that examine the occurrence of cancer mortality in persons assigned to different rescreening frequencies. However, trials of this type are difficult and not commonly conducted, so it is necessary to look for guidance from studies that seek to estimate the occurrence of clinically important lesions after an initially negative screen (1). Some relevant data can come from studies that document the incidence of clinically detected disease over time following a negative screening exam. For flexible sigmoidoscopy, such studies have been both cohort (2) and case–control (3–6) in design. The results of randomized trials of screening sigmoidoscopy, in which the incidence of distal colon and rectal cancers is monitored over time among initially screen-negative persons, are relevant as well (7,8). Each of these study designs has the virtue of focusing on an endpoint that generally is clinically relevant but has some potential limitations with respect to informing decisions regarding a screening interval. For example, some tumors are not detectable by screening before their clinical presentation. It is also possible that by the time they are clinically apparent, some malignancies may no longer be amenable to effective treatment; a screening interval determined by the period between a negative screening exam and the clinical diagnosis may be longer than the one that could best
Role of mechanical and psychosocial factors in the onset of forearm pain: prospective population based
Authors: G. J Macfarlane
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the aetiology of forearm pain. In particular to determine the relative contribution of (<i>a</i>) psychological factors, features of somatisation, and health anxiety and behaviour, (<i>b</i>) work related mechanical factors, and (<i>c</i>) work related psychosocial factors in the onset of forearm pain. <b>Design:</b> 2 year prospective population based cohort study, with retrospective assessment of exposures at work. <b>Setting:</b> Altrincham, Greater Manchester. <b>Participants:</b> 1953 individuals aged 18-65 years. <b>Outcome measures:</b> Forearm pain of new onset. <b>Results:</b> At follow up, 105 (8.3%) participants reported forearm pain of new onset lasting at least one day in the past month. Among these, 67% also reported shoulder pain, 65% back pain, and 45% chronic widespread pain. Increased risks of onset were associated with high levels of psychological distress (relative risk 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 3.8), reporting at least two other somatic symptoms (1.7, 0.95 to 3.0), and high scores on the illness behaviour subscale of the illness attitude scales. The two work related mechanical exposures associated with the highest risk of forearm pain in the future were repetitive movements of the arm (4.1, 1.7 to 10) or wrists (3.4, 1.3 to 8.7), whereas the strongest work related psychosocial risk was dissatisfaction with support from colleagues or supervisors (4.7, 2.2 to 10). <b>Conclusions:</b> Psychological distress, aspects of illness behaviour, and other somatic symptoms are important predictors of onset of forearm pain in addition to work related psychosocial and mechanical factors. Misleading terms such as "cumulative trauma disorder" or "repetitive strain injury," implying a single uniform aetiology, should be avoided.
The Dynamics of Both Right and Left Ventricles at Rest and During Exercise in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: BENJAMIN M. LEWIS, HECTOR E. HOUSSAY, FLORENCE W. HAYNES, LEWIS DEXTER
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

Right auricular pressure, pulmonary "capillary" pressure (a measure of left auricular pressure) and cardiac output were measured at rest and during exercise in 14 patients with cardiovascular disease affecting primarily the left ventricle. In five patients these measurements were normal at rest, in nine abnormal. In all physiologic abnormalities developed on exercise in the sequence: increased pulmonary "capillary" pressure, increased right auricular pressure, decreased cardiac output. Definite abnormalities of left ventricular function were demonstrable when right ventricular function was entirely normal. These results are discussed in relation to the clinical status of the patients.
Chemical peeling with salicylic acid in polyethylene glycol vehicle suppresses skin tumour development in hairless mice
Authors: T. Dainichi, S. Ueda, M. Isoda, T. Koga, N. Kinukawa, Y. Nose, K. Ishii, S. Amano, I. Horii, M. Furue
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Chemical peeling with salicylic acid in polyethylene glycol (PEG) vehicle is used clinically to improve the cosmetic appearance of skin that has been damaged by exposure to the sun. It is well known that cancers of the skin such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma may be induced by the sun. However, the carcinogenic potential of chemical peeling agents has not been studied.To evaluate the effects of chemical peeling with 30% salicylic acid in PEG on skin tumour formation in treated vs. control mice.To serve as a model of sun-damaged skin, hairless SKH/hr1 mice were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) B for 14 weeks, with or without treatment every 2 weeks with 30% salicylic acid in PEG for a total of 18 weeks.Not only was the total number of tumours greatly reduced in the treated vs. the control mice, but skin tumour development was also slower in the treated vs. the control mice. At the final treatment, the fractions of T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells from spleens of both groups of mice were comparable, and interferon-gamma production did not differ.Our findings suggest that chemical peeling with salicylic acid in PEG may help to prevent as well as to reduce the number of UVB-induced skin tumours.
Follicular Helper T Cells
Authors: Carola G. Vinuesa, Michelle A. Linterman, Di Yu, Ian C.M. MacLennan
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2016)

Although T cell help for B cells was described several decades ago, it was the identification of CXCR5 expression by B follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and the subsequent discovery of their dependence on BCL6 that led to the recognition of Tfh cells as an independent helper subset and accelerated the pace of discovery. More than 20 transcription factors, together with RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs, control the expression of chemotactic receptors and molecules important for the function and homeostasis of Tfh cells. Tfh cells prime B cells to initiate extrafollicular and germinal center antibody responses and are crucial for affinity maturation and maintenance of humoral memory. In addition to the roles that Tfh cells have in antimicrobial defense, in cancer, and as HIV reservoirs, regulation of these cells is critical to prevent autoimmunity. The realization that follicular T cells are heterogeneous, comprising helper and regulatory subsets, has raised questions regarding a possible division of labor in germinal center B cell selection and elimination.
Alterations in influence of granuloma-derived cytokines on fibrogenesis in the course of murineSchistosoma mansoni infection
Authors: Sadhana Prakash, Arnold E. Postlethwaite, David J. Wyler
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Schistosomiasis is the main cause of hepatic fibrosis worldwide, yet its pathogenesis remains unknown. We previously reported that conditioned medium from cultures of hepatic egg granulomas (isolated from mice acutely infected with Schistosoma mansoni ) can stimulate fibroblast proliferation and matrix production in vitro . We have proposed that initiation of hepatic fibrosis in this infection might be under the control of granuloma-derived cytokines. We now report that conditioned medium from cultures of schistosomal egg granulomas isolated from liver of chronically infected mice has reduced fibrogenic activity compared with medium from cultures of granulomas obtained from more acutely infected mice. In related studies, we adoptively transferred splenocytes from infected mice and examined the fibrogenic activity in culture supernatants of hepatic egg granulomas isolated from the recipients. Those prepared from recipients of splenocytes from chronically infected mice contained substantially less fibrogenic activity than did those from recipients of splenocytes of acutely infected mice. These findings suggest that the fibrogenic influence of schistosomal egg granuloma products decreases during the course of chronic murine S. mansoni infection. Furthermore, our preliminary findings suggest that immunoregulatory cells may be responsible for the down-regulation of this influence. Previous observations indicating that in murine schistosomiasis hepatic collagen and hyaluronate synthesis and deposition are elevated in acute but not chronic infection might be explained on the basis of our observations. (Hepatology 1991;13:970-976.)
PEA-15 Induces Autophagy in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells and Is Associated with Prolonged Overall Survival
Authors: Chandra Bartholomeusz, Daniel Rosen, Caimiao Wei, Anna Kazansky, Fumiyuki Yamasaki, Takeshi Takahashi, Hiroaki Itamochi, Seiji Kondo, Jinsong Liu, Naoto T. Ueno
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Phospho-enriched protein in astrocytes (PEA-15) is a 15-kDa phosphoprotein that slows cell proliferation by binding to and sequestering extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting ERK-dependent transcription and proliferation. In previous studies of E1A human gene therapy for ovarian cancer, we discovered that PEA-15 induced the antitumor effect of E1A by sequestering activated ERK in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the role of PEA-15 in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, the expression levels of PEA-15 in human ovarian cancer, and whether PEA-15 expression correlated with overall survival in women with ovarian cancer. We overexpressed PEA-15 in low-PEA-15-expressing cells and knocked down PEA-15 in high-PEA-15-expressing cells and analyzed the effects on proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and cell cycle progression. We then assessed PEA-15 expression in an annotated tissue microarray of tumor samples from 395 women with primary epithelial ovarian cancer and tested whether PEA-15 expression was linked with overall survival. PEA-15 expression inhibited proliferation, and cell cycle analysis did not reveal apoptosis but did reveal autophagy, which was confirmed by an increase in LC3 cleavage. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway decreased PEA-15-induced autophagy. These findings suggest that the antitumor activity of PEA-15 is mediated, in part, by the induction of autophagy involving activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Multivariable analyses indicated that the women with high-PEA-15-expressing tumors survived longer than those with low-PEA-15-expressing tumors (hazard ratio, 1.973; P = 0.0167). Our findings indicate that PEA-15 expression is an important prognostic marker in ovarian cancer.
Vertebral Venous System
Authors: Geza de Takats
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Dr Hussey's editorial on the vertebral venous system (235:2524,1976) properly draws attention to a much-neglected venous segment and its role in the metastatic process. Coelho and I 1 presented three case histories in 1954 illustrating the following sequence of events: (1) venous thrombosis of the lower extremities or pelvis, (2) the history of sudden strain or compression of the lower abdomen, and (3) transient spinal cord block with a gradually receding level of paraplegia. In one case, a laminectomy disclosed a nonpulsating dura mater.  The visualization of the vertebral venous plexus is possible by injecting an opaque substance into the spinous process.
Prevention of allergic asthma through Der p 2 peptide vaccination
Authors: Gregory Bouchaud, Faouzi Braza, Julie Chesné, David Lair, Kuan-Wei Chen, Camille Rolland-Debord, Dorian Hassoun, Tiphaine Roussey-Bihouée, Marie-Aude Cheminant, Sophie Brouard, Marie Bodinier, Susanne Vrtala, Antoine Magnan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Critical Role and Regulation of Transcription Factor FoxM1 in Human Gastric Cancer Angiogenesis and Progression
Authors: Qiang Li, Nu Zhang, Zhiliang Jia, Xiangdong Le, Bingbing Dai, Daoyan Wei, Suyun Huang, Dongfeng Tan, Keping Xie
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The mammalian forkhead box (Fox) transcription factor FoxM1b is implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the presence of expression and role of FoxM1b in gastric cancer remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated FoxM1b expression in 86 cases of primary gastric cancer and 57 normal gastric tissue specimens. We further investigated the underlying mechanisms of altered FoxM1b expression in and the effect of this altered expression on gastric cancer growth and metastasis using in vitro and animal models of gastric cancer. We found weak expression of FoxM1b protein in the mucous neck region of gastric mucosa, whereas we observed strong staining for FoxM1b in tumor cell nuclei in various gastric tumors and lymph node metastases. A Cox proportional hazards model revealed that FoxM1b expression was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Experimentally, overexpression of FoxM1b by gene transfer significantly promoted the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells in orthotopic mouse models, whereas knockdown of FoxM1b expression by small interfering RNA did the opposite. Promotion of gastric tumorigenesis by FoxM1b directly and significantly correlated with transactivation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and elevation of angiogenesis. Given the importance of FoxM1b to regulation of the expression of genes key to cancer biology overall, dysregulated expression and activation of FoxM1b may play important roles in gastric cancer development and progression. [Cancer Res 2009;69(8):3501–9]
An annexin A1–FPR1 interaction contributes to necroptosis of keratinocytes in severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions
Authors: Nao Saito, Hongjiang Qiao, Teruki Yanagi, Satoru Shinkuma, Keiko Nishimura, Asuka Suto, Yasuyuki Fujita, Shotaro Suzuki, Toshifumi Nomura, Hideki Nakamura, Koji Nagao, Chikashi Obuse, Hiroshi Shimizu, Riichiro Abe
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Annexin A1 secreted from drug-stimulated monocytes contributes to keratinocyte necroptosis in serious drug-related adverse events in skin.
STUDIES ON THE RÔLE OF THE SPLEEN IN EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Edwin H. Lennette
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. No difference in susceptibility to infection between splenectomized and non-splenectomized monkeys was observed when virus was injected intravenously in large amounts. 2. In a small series of animals, the results suggested that splenectomy decreased resistance to amounts of virus subinfective for non-splenectomized monkeys. 3. Splenectomy subsequent to intravenous or intrasplenic inoculation of amounts of virus subinfective for non-splenectomized monkeys did not render the animals susceptible. 4. Following vascular injection, the virus accumulates in the spleen, where it can be detected 24 hours after inoculation, but not at 3 or 5 days. 5. Evidence that splenectomy interferes with antibody formation is presented and discussed. 6. We were unable to demonstrate virus in crude extracts of poliomyelitic spleens but were successful with perfused spleen extracts. This may be due to removal of a neutralizing factor. 7. Attempts to immunize test animals with virus present in poliomyelitic spleens were negative.
Glycemic Control Associated With Secure Patient-Provider Messaging Within a Shared Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Lynne T. Harris, Thomas D. Koepsell, Sebastien J. Haneuse, Diane P. Martin, James D. Ralston
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To study differences in glycemic control and HbA1c testing associated with use of secure electronic patient-provider messaging. We hypothesized that messaging use would be associated with better glycemic control and a higher rate of adherence to HbA1c testing recommendations.
Actinic keratoses: non-invasive diagnosis for field cancerisation
Authors: M. Ulrich, A. Maltusch, J. Röwert-Huber, S. González, W. Sterry, E. Stockfleth, S. Astner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Actinic keratoses: non‐invasive diagnosis for field cancerisation Get access M. Ulrich, M. Ulrich Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Correspondence: Martina Ulrich. E‐mail:martina.ulrich@charite.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Maltusch, A. Maltusch Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Röwert‐Huber, J. Röwert‐Huber Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. González, S. González Dermatology Service, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, SpainDermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Sterry, W. Sterry Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Stockfleth, E. Stockfleth Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Astner S. Astner Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue s3, 1 May 2007, Pages 13–17, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07865.x Published: 01 May 2007
Variable Expressivity in Fundus Albipunctatus
Authors: Sheila Margolis, Irwin M. Siegel, Harris Ripps
Journal: Ophthalmology (1987)

A healthy, 14-year-old girl presented with nyctalopia, good vision, and multiple, irregular, yellowish lesions of the fundus. Dark adaptometry showed prolonged cone and rod branches, elevated thresholds, and the cone-rod transition occurring after 50 minutes in darkness. Her scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave attained normal amplitudes after 45 minutes of dark adaptation. The half-time for regeneration of rhodopsin after an extensive bleach was 16 minutes, four times longer than normal, and the maximum density difference measured by fundus reflectometry was at the lower limit of the normal range. Although photopigment kinetics were significantly faster than observed in other reported cases of fundus albipunctatus, it appears likely that there is a wide spectrum of functional and funduscopic abnormalities in this disorder. However, fundus appearance, adaptometric findings, and rhodopsin determinations serve to distinguish fundus albipunctatus from other flecked retina diseases.
USE OF REFINED PERINATAL MORTALITY RATE TRENDS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF A CONFIDENTIAL INQUIRY
Authors: Joyce Thomas, Joan Edwards, Peter Bowen-Simpkins, DewiR. Evans, StuartP. Jenkins, G. Stewart, Mary Collins, MaryI. Lloyd, WilliamR. Forbes, Mark Vernon-Roberts, Elizabeth Jones, Arwyn Davies, J.P. Calver
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Antitachycardia Pacing and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: S Furman, A D Mercando
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1989)

Cardiac pacing can inhibit or terminate a tachyarrhythmia but may also accelerate it to a more malignant rhythm. The automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) terminates ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation and has thus enhanced patient survival. The combination of the two may yet be the most effective means of controlling ventricular tachyarrhythmias and fibrillation.
Recurrence Rates of Anaphylaxis in Children
Authors: Andrew O'Keefe, Yvan St. Pierre, Christopher Mill, Jennifer Mill, Alizee Dery, Yuka Asai, Harley Eisman, Sebastien La Vieille, Reza Alizadehfar, Lawrence Joseph, Judy Morris, Ann Clarke, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)

RATIONALE: IgE to galactose-a1,3-galactose(''alpha-gal'') is associated with delayed onset anaphylaxis and has been measured in sub-Saharan Africa, but without reports of anaphylaxis.We present three siblings with rapid onset anaphylaxis to red meat while in a Uganda refugee camp.METHODS: Commercial extracts, raw and cooked meats were used for SPT.Allergen specific IgE (sIgE) was measured to foods, alpha-gal, cat, Fel d 1, Fel d 2 and parasites.Alpha-gal was then absorbed with beef thyroglobulin conjugated to sepharose beads.RESULTS: The siblings developed anaphylaxis within an hour of consuming goat, beef or pork.SPT for all siblings was positive to commercial beef, pork; raw beef, goat; cooked beef, and cat.Sibling 3 SPT was also positive to cooked goat.sIgE for all siblings was positive to alpha-gal (5.62; 8.38; 6.70 KU/L), beef (4.82; 6.72; 7.00 KU/L), pork (4.60; 5.86; 6.46 KU/L), cow's milk (3.02; 4.38; 5.26 KU/L), cat (1.62; 2.58; 3.92 KU/L) and echinococcus (2.02; 3.26; 5.04 KU/L).Pork albumin, Fel d 1, Fel d 2, ascaris, and anisakis sIgE were negative.Goat sIgE was not available.After depletion of alpha-gal from the sera, beef, pork, cow's milk, cat and echinococcus sIgE were negative.The siblings consume chicken, fish and cow's milk.There is no clear history of tick bites.CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of red meat anaphylaxis from Africa.The early onset of their symptoms may indicate another spectrum of red meat allergy with IgE to alpha-gal in a specific population.
Letter: Beta-adrenergic blocking agents in patients with renal failure.
Authors: D J Warren, C P Swainson, N Wright
Journal: BMJ (1974)

24 August, p. 520) by our suggestion that beta-adrenergic blocking agents should not be used in patients with moderately severe renal failure (27 April, p. 193).They refer to a previous publication' to show that temporary deterioration in renal function in such patients may occur with the introduction of any hypotensive drug.Their evidence appears to be based on experience with one patient with malignant hypertension who was given 6 different drugs, and is not relevant to the cases described by us.We refer Drs.Kincaid-Smith and Hua to our paper, where they will find that the maximum change in diastolic blood pressure in any of the three cases was 10 mm Hg during the period that renal function deteri- orated.Their comments do not shed any light on the mechanism of the events we described.Drs. Kincaid-Smith and Hua will no doubt agree that renal function should be moni- tored during the course of therapy with hypotensive drugs in patients with renal failure.Our exoerience leads us to suggest that this may be especially important when beta-blocking drugs are prescribed and needs to be emphasized now that these agents are being so forcefully promoted in general prac- tice.-Weare, etc.,