tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of Quinone-metabolizing Enzymes and Susceptibility to Ozone-induced Acute Effects
Authors: ENRICO BERGAMASCHI, GIUSEPPE DE PALMA, PAOLA MOZZONI, SIMONA VANNI, MARIA VITTORIA VETTORI, FABRICE BROECKAERT, ALFRED BERNARD, ANTONIO MUTTI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The role of the genetic polymorphism of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and glutathione-S-transferase μ -1 (GSTM1) in the responsiveness to O3-induced acute effects was investigated in 24 healthy nonsmokers performing 2-h bike rides at ambient O3 varying from 32 to 103 ppb. Before and after rides, each subject performed spirometric tests and provided a blood sample for the measurement of the Clara cell protein CC16. NQO1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms were characterized by polymerase chain reaction– based methods. The 8-hydroxy-2 ′ -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adduct was also measured in DNA of peripheral leukocytes. Rides at O3 > 80 ppb resulted in significant decrements of pulmonary function tests and increased levels of serum CC16, consistent with mild impairment in respiratory function and increased lung epithelial permeability, respectively. Whereas NQO1wt and GSTM1null subjects showed both functional changes and increased serum CC16 after acute O3 exposure, people with other haplotypes showed a rise in serum CC16 but no changes in lung function tests. In NQO1wt and GSTM1null subjects, partial correlation analysis showed that functional decrements and increased serum CC16 are closely associated with each other and with O3 levels, whereas no such relationships were found among subjects bearing other haplotypes. An increased reaction rate between O3 and hydroquinones would be consistent with the greater increase in 8-OHdG after O3 exposure in this "susceptible" group.
Prognostic time dependence of deletions affecting codons 557 and/or 558 of KIT gene for relapse-free survival (RFS) in localized GIST: a Spanish Group for Sarcoma Research (GEIS) Study
Authors: J. Martin-Broto, A. Gutierrez, X. Garcia-del-Muro, J.A. Lopez-Guerrero, J. Martinez-Trufero, L.M. de Sande, N. Lainez, J. Maurel, A. De Juan, F. Losa, R. Andres, A. Casado, P.G. Tejido, R. Blanco, J. Carles, J. Bellmunt, A. Gomez-España, R. Ramos, J. Martinez-Serra, A. Llombart-Bosch, A. Poveda
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Illnesses Occurring After Initiation of Potent Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Bruno Ledergerber, Matthias Egger, Véronique Erard, Rainer Weber, Bernard Hirschel, Hansjakob Furrer, Manuel Battegay, Pietro Vernazza, Enos Bernasconi, Milos Opravil, Daniel Kaufmann, Philippe Sudre, Patrick Francioli, Amalio Telenti, None for the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome–related opportunistic illnesses (OIs) continue to occur after initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Risk factors for clinical progression to OIs during potent therapy are not well defined.ObjectiveTo examine the incidence of and risk factors for OIs among patients treated with potent antiretroviral therapy in a population-based study.DesignThe Swiss HIV Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study of adult HIV-infected persons.SettingSeven study centers throughout Switzerland.PatientsA total of 2410 cohort study participants with a potential follow-up of at least 15 months after starting potent therapy between September 1995 and December 1997.Main Outcome MeasuresDisease-specific incidence of OIs during the 6 months preceding potent antiretroviral therapy and at 3 intervals after initiating therapy; risk factors for development of OIs during therapy.ResultsOf the 2410 participants, 143 developed 186 OIs after initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy. Incidence of any OI decreased from 15.1 per 100 person-years in the 6 months before therapy to 7.7 in the first 3 months after starting treatment, 2.6 in the following 6 months, and 2.2 per 100 person-years between 9 and 15 months. Reductions in incidence ranged from 38% per month for Kaposi sarcoma (P&lt;.001) to 5% per month for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (P = .31). Baseline CD4 cell count continued to predict the risk of disease progression after initiating potent therapy. Compared with CD4 cell counts above 200×106/L, the hazard ratio for developing OIs was 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-4.5) for counts between 51 and 200×106/L and 5.8 (95% CI, 3.2-10.5) for counts below 51×106/L at baseline. Independent of baseline CD4 cell count, a rise in CD4 cell count by 50×106/L or more and undetectable HIV-1 RNA in plasma (&lt;400 copies/mL) by 6 months reduced risk of subsequent events, with hazard ratios of 0.32 (95% CI, 0.20-0.52) and 0.39 (0.24-0.65), respectively.ConclusionsOur data indicate that the risk of developing an OI for a person receiving potent antiretroviral therapy is highest during the initial months of therapy. Baseline CD4 cell count and immunologic and virologic response to treatment were strong predictors of disease progression in patients receiving potent therapy. Individuals with CD4 cell counts of 50×106/L or below may need close clinical surveillance after initiation of potent therapy.
Low Levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Blood Pressure and Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Adnan K. Chhatriwalla, Stephen J. Nicholls, Thomas H. Wang, Kathy Wolski, Ilke Sipahi, Tim Crowe, Paul Schoenhagen, Samir Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Trends in the epidemiology and prescribing of medication for allergic rhinitis in England
Authors: Nazim Ghouri, Julia Hippisley-Cox, John Newton, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Summary Objective To investigate recent trends in the recorded incidence, lifetime prevalence and prescribing of symptom relief medication for allergic rhinitis in England. Design Analysis of primary healthcare datasets. Setting The UK prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased very significantly over recent decades. Analysis of primary healthcare datasets offers the possibility to advance understanding about the changing epidemiology and management of allergic rhinitis. QRESEARCH is one of the world's largest national aggregated health databases containing the records of over nine million patients. We extracted data on all patients with a recorded diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and calculated annual age–sex standardized incidence and lifetime period prevalence rates for each year from 2001–2005. We also analysed prescribing trends for antihistamines and drugs used in nasal allergy in those with a recorded diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Main outcome measures Age-sex standardized incidence, lifetime prevalence rates and prescribing trends for symptom relief medication for allergic rhinitis in England. Results The age-sex standardized incidence of allergic rhinitis was 5.57 per 1000 person-years in 2001 and increased by 33.0% to 7.41 per 1000 person-years in 2005 ( P&lt;0.001). Lifetime age-sex standardized prevalence of a recorded diagnosis of allergic rhinitis increased by 43.2% from 46.35 per 1000 in 2001 to 66.37 per 1000 in 2005 ( P&lt;0.001). Over this period a 41.7% overall increase in prescriptions for antihistamines and drugs used in nasal allergy was observed (antihistamines 45.5%, drugs used in nasal allergies 35.5%). Conclusions Recorded incidence and lifetime prevalence of allergic rhinitis have increased substantially in recent years. A similar increase in prescriptions for antihistamines and drugs used in nasal allergy in patients with allergic rhinitis is also observed.
VARIATION OCCURRING IN GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI DURING HUMAN INFECTION
Authors: Sidney Rothbard, Robert F. Watson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

A study was made of the variation occurring in group A streptococci during the natural course of infection in man. From 54 patients with 56 different group A streptococcal infections of the upper respiratory tract, 251 strains of streptococci, isolated at weekly intervals following infection, were tested for their capacity to resist the bacteriostatic action of normal human blood. In 52 of the infections the streptococci were of recognized serological types and were also tested for variation in their ability to produce the type-specific M protein antigen. Strains isolated in the 1st week of infection were uniformly highly resistant to bacteriostasis and elaborated large amounts of M substance. In 42 per cent of the 52 infections, strains isolated in the convalescent and carrier stages showed an increasing susceptibility to bacteriostasis correlated with a progressive loss of M substance; whereas in the remaining 58 per cent resistance to bacteriostasis and the capacity to produce M protein were maintained throughout the observation period. In 3 different infections, the streptococci became so degraded that no M protein could be demonstrated in acid extracts of these variants. Concomitantly these strains became highly susceptible to bacteriostasis. Spontaneous reversion did not occur, but serial mouse passage reestablished these functions. These degraded variants had the same T antigen as their respective original strains. No evidence was obtained that variation of group A streptococci in resistance to bacteriostasis or in the ability to produce the type-specific M antigen was associated (a) with the appearance of type-specific bacteriostatic antibodies; (b) with any particular serological type of streptococcus; (c) with the production of streptococcal proteinase which digests the M protein; (d) with the therapeutic administration of sulfadiazine; or (e) with the development of complications. The possible relationship of these observations to the problem of the "dangerous carrier" of group A hemolytic streptococci is discussed.
Urinary leukotriene E<sub>4</sub>in preschool children with acute clinical viral wheeze
Authors: A. Oommen, J. Grigg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cystLTs) are important mediators of wheeze in atopic asthma, but the role of cystLTs in the pathogenesis of preschool viral wheeze (PVW) is unclear. Therefore, evidence for increased production of cystLTs in PVW was sought. Urinary leukotriene E<sub>4</sub> (uLTE<sub>4</sub>) and serum total immunoglobulin (Ig)E were measured in children (1–5 yrs) with PVW during an acute attack (n=44) and in the convalescent phase (n=19), and compared with normal controls (n=15). The effect of atopic sensitisation was assessed in a separate group of atopic controls (n=6) in whom only uLTE<sub>4</sub> was measured. The levels of uLTE<sub>4</sub> were similar in normal and atopic controls and increased in acute PVW (median (interquartile range) 165 (101–285) <i>versus</i> 125 (82–163) ng·mM creatinine<sup>−1</sup>). Stratification by IgE showed that whereas uLTE<sub>4</sub> was increased in 23 children with acute PVW and IgE &gt;95th percentile (median 211 (118–312) ng·mM creatinine<sup>−1</sup>), uLTE<sub>4</sub> was not increased in the 21 children with acute PVW and IgE ≤95th percentile. In the convalescent phase, uLTE<sub>4</sub> fell in the subgroup with high IgE but not in the subgroup with low IgE. It is concluded that increased cysteinyl leukotriene production during acute preschool viral wheeze is associated with high serum immunoglobulin E.
Oxantel Pamoate–Albendazole for<i>Trichuris trichiura</i>Infection
Authors: Benjamin Speich, Shaali M. Ame, Said M. Ali, Rainer Alles, Jörg Huwyler, Jan Hattendorf, Jürg Utzinger, Marco Albonico, Jennifer Keiser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Infections with soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura) are widespread and often occur concomitantly. These parasitic-worm infections are typically treated with albendazole or mebendazole, but both drugs show low efficacy against T. trichiura. Albendazole is the drug of choice against hookworm.In this double-blind trial conducted on Pemba Island, Tanzania, we randomly assigned children, 6 to 14 years of age, to receive one of four treatments: oxantel pamoate at a dose of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight, plus 400 mg of albendazole, administered on consecutive days; oxantel pamoate at a single dose of 20 mg per kilogram; albendazole at a single dose of 400 mg; or mebendazole at a single dose of 500 mg. We assessed the efficacy and safety profile of oxantel pamoate-albendazole when used in the treatment of T. trichiura infection (primary outcome) and concomitant soil-transmitted helminth infection (secondary outcome). Efficacy was determined by means of assessment of the cure rate and egg-reduction rate. Adverse events were assessed four times after treatment.Complete data were available for 458 children, of whom 450 were infected with T. trichiura, 443 with hookworm, and 293 with A. lumbricoides. The cure rate of T. trichiura infection was significantly higher with oxantel pamoate-albendazole than with mebendazole (31.2% vs. 11.8%, P=0.001), as was the egg-reduction rate (96.0% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 93.5 to 97.6] vs. 75.0% [95% CI, 64.2 to 82.0]). The cure rate with albendazole (2.6%) and the egg-reduction rate with albendazole (45.0%; 95% CI, 32.0 to 56.4) were significantly lower than the rates with mebendazole (P=0.02 for the comparison of cure rates). Oxantel pamoate had low efficacy against hookworm and A. lumbricoides. Adverse events (mainly mild) were reported by 30.9% of all children.Treatment with oxantel pamoate-albendazole resulted in higher cure and egg-reduction rates for T. trichiura infection than the rates with standard therapy. (Funded by the Medicor Foundation and the Swiss National Science Foundation; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN54577342.).
Mast cell migration to Th2 stimulated airway smooth muscle from asthmatics
Authors: A Sutcliffe, D Kaur, S Page, L Woodman, C L Armour, M Baraket, P Bradding, J M Hughes, C E Brightling
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Mast cell microlocalisation within the airway smooth muscle (ASM) bundle is an important determinant of the asthmatic phenotype. We hypothesised that mast cells migrate towards ASM in response to ASM derived chemokines. <b>Methods:</b> Primary ASM cultures from subjects with and without asthma were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, and IL-13 alone and in combination. Mast cell chemotaxis towards these ASM supernatants was investigated, and the chemotaxins mediating migration by using specific blocking antibodies for stem cell factor (SCF) and the chemokine receptors CCR3, CXCR1, 3 and 4 as well as the Gi inhibitor pertussis toxin and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein were defined. The concentrations of CCL11, CXCL8, CXCL10, TGF-β, and SCF in the supernatants were measured and the effect of non-asthmatic ASM supernatants on the mast cell chemotactic activity of asthmatic ASM was examined. <b>Results:</b> Human lung mast cells and HMC-1 cells migrated towards Th2 stimulated ASM from asthmatics but not non-asthmatics. Mast cell migration was mediated through the combined activation of CCR3 and CXCR1. CCL11 and CXCL8 expression by ASM increased markedly after stimulation, but was similar in those with and without asthma. ASM supernatants from non-asthmatics inhibited mast cell migration towards the asthmatic ASM supernatant. <b>Conclusion:</b> Th2 stimulated ASM from asthmatics is chemotactic for mast cells. Non-asthmatic ASM releases a mediator or mediators that inhibit mast cell migration towards stimulated asthmatic ASM. Specifically targeting mast cell migration into the ASM bundle may provide a novel treatment for asthma.
Three-year follow-up of advanced melanoma patients who received ipilimumab plus fotemustine in the Italian Network for Tumor Biotherapy (NIBIT)-M1 phase II study
Authors: A.M. Di Giacomo, P.A. Ascierto, P. Queirolo, L. Pilla, R. Ridolfi, M. Santinami, A. Testori, E. Simeone, M. Guidoboni, A. Maurichi, L. Orgiano, G. Spadola, M. Del Vecchio, R. Danielli, L. Calabrò, D. Annesi, D. Giannarelli, C. Maccalli, E. Fonsatti, G. Parmiani, M. Maio
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Facile Synthesis and Potential Bioimaging Applications of Hybrid Upconverting and Plasmonic NaGdF<sub>4</sub>: Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Er<sup>3+</sup>/Silica/Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Sha Liu, Guanying Chen, Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy, Mark T. Swihart, Paras N. Prasad
Journal: Theranostics (2013)

We present a simple method for preparing water dispersible NaGdF4: Yb3+, Er3+/silica/gold nanoparticles. The emission intensity and color of the upconverting cores are modulated by the plasmonic absorbance and field enhancement from the gold nanoparticles. The applicability of hybrid NPs for multi-modal bioimaging probes is illustrated by in vitro confocal microscopy of living cancer cells.
<i>Toxo</i> has a ticket to ride
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

A vacuole encapsulating a parasite of warm-blooded animals shuttles peptides for cross-presentation in a report from Goldszmid and colleagues on page [399][1].

![Figure][2] 

Antigen hand-off may occur when the ER (green) membrane fuses with the vacuole surrounding T. gondii (red). Arrowheads
Structure and Function of Salmonella SifA Indicate that Its Interactions with SKIP, SseJ, and RhoA Family GTPases Induce Endosomal Tubulation
Authors: Maikke B. Ohlson, Zhiwei Huang, Neal M. Alto, Marie-Pierre Blanc, Jack E. Dixon, Jijie Chai, Samuel I. Miller
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
EFFICACY OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG TREATMENT ACCORDING TO AGE, SEX, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND PREVIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN PATIENTS OVER THE AGE OF 60
Authors: A. Amery, R. Brixko, D. Clement, A. De Schaepdryver, R. Fagard, J. Forte, J.F. Henry, G. Leonetti, K. O'Malley, T. Strasser, W. Birkenhäger, C. Bulpitt, M. Deruyttere, C. Dollery, F. Forette, R. Hamdy, J.V. Joossens, P. Lund-Johansen, J.C. Petrie, J. Tuomilehto, B. Williams
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Immediate versus deferred chemotherapy after radical cystectomy in patients with pT3–pT4 or N+ M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (EORTC 30994): an intergroup, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Cora N Sternberg, Iwona Skoneczna, J Martijn Kerst, Peter Albers, Sophie D Fossa, Mads Agerbaek, Herlinde Dumez, Maria de Santis, Christine Théodore, Michael G Leahy, John D Chester, Antony Verbaeys, Gedske Daugaard, Lori Wood, J Alfred Witjes, Ronald de Wit, Lionel Geoffrois, Lisa Sengelov, George Thalmann, Danielle Charpentier, Frédéric Rolland, Laurent Mignot, Santhanam Sundar, Paul Symonds, John Graham, Florence Joly, Sandrine Marreaud, Laurence Collette, Richard Sylvester
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Nomogram for use with cardiac output measuring equipment
Authors: J. A. Lack
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Journal Article Nomogram for use with cardiac output measuring equipment Get access J. A. Lack J. A. Lack From the Department of Clinical Measurement, Westminster Children's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 4, Issue 4, October 1970, Pages 529–530, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/4.4.529 Published: 01 October 1970
What are “normal movements” in atypical populations?
Authors: Mark L. Latash, J. Greg Anson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Redundancy of the motor control system is an important feature that gives the central control structures options for solving everyday motor problems. The choice of particular control patterns is based on priorities (coordinative rules) that are presently unknown. Motor patterns observed in unimpaired young adults reflect these priorities. We hypothesize that under certain atypical conditions, which may include disorders in perception of the environment and in decision making, structural or biochemical changes within the central nervous system (CNS), and/or structural changes of the effectors, the central nervous system may reconsider its priorities. A new set of priorities will reflect the current state of the system and may lead to different patterns of voluntary movement. Under such conditions, changed motor patterns should be considered not pathological but rather adaptive to a primary disorder and may even be viewed as optimal for a given state of the system of movement production. Therapeutic approaches should not be directed toward restoring the motor patterns to as close to “normal” as possible but rather toward resolving the original underlying problem. We illustrate this approach using, as examples, movements in amputees, in patients with Parkinson's disease, in patients with dystonia, and in persons with Down syndrome.
The Importance of Ventilation in Exercise‐Induced Asthma
Authors: Allan Bundgaard, Thorsten Ingemann‐Hansen, Anders Schmidt, Jens Halkjaer‐Kristensen, Inge Bloch
Journal: Allergy (1981)

The degree of post treadmill‐running decrease in pulmonary function (Exercise‐Induced Asthma) in 11 adult asthmatics was compared with the decrease in pulmonary function followed by resting isocapnic hyperventilation. It was checked that ventilation during the hyperventilation was kept identical to the ventilation during treadmill‐running by continuous recording of respiratory frequency, minute ventilation, tidal volume and accumulated ventilation. The temperature of the inspired air was identical in the two situations and the relative humidity was 40% during treadmill‐running and 15% during hyperventilation. The average accumulated ventilation during treadmill‐running and hyperventilation was 411 1/6 min in both events. The decrease in peak expiratory flow after treadmill‐running was 25% and after isocapnic hyperventilation 24%. It is concluded that the ventilation is of more importance for the decrease in pulmonary function after exercise, than the work load.
Simulation of multiple ion channel block provides improved early prediction of compounds’ clinical torsadogenic risk
Authors: Gary R. Mirams, Yi Cui, Anna Sher, Martin Fink, Jonathan Cooper, Bronagh M. Heath, Nick C. McMahon, David J. Gavaghan, Denis Noble
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

AimsThe level of inhibition of the human Ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel is one of the earliest preclinical markers used to predict the risk of a compound causing Torsade-de-Pointes (TdP) arrhythmias. While avoiding the use of drugs with maximum therapeutic concentrations within 30-fold of their hERG inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values has been suggested, there are drugs that are exceptions to this rule: hERG inhibitors that do not cause TdP, and drugs that can cause TdP but are not strong hERG inhibitors. In this study, we investigate whether a simulated evaluation of multi-channel effects could be used to improve this early prediction of TdP risk.
MPs call for new national patient safety body to lead clinical accident investigations
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2015)

An independent national investigator of clinical accidents should be created to improve on the speed, quality, and thoroughness of investigations, say MPs.

MPs of the House of Commons Public Administration Select Committee have called for the next government to make changes to improve the current system for dealing with clinical incidents, which they said was too complex, time consuming, and preoccupied with blame. In a report published on 27 March the committee called on the next health secretary after the May general election to establish a national independent patient safety investigation body.1

This body should be a centre of knowledge and promote good investigatory practice and skills, and investigations should ideally be carried out locally, they said. It should have …