tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood Psychiatric Disorders and Young Adult Crime: A Prospective, Population-Based Study
Authors: William E. Copeland, Shari Miller-Johnson, Gordon Keeler, Adrian Angold, E. Jane Costello
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: While psychopathology is common in criminal populations, knowing more about what kinds of psychiatric disorders precede criminal behavior could be helpful in delineating at-risk children. The authors determined rates of juvenile psychiatric disorders in a sample of young adult offenders and then tested which childhood disorders best predicted young adult criminal status. Method: A representative sample of 1,420 children ages 9, 11, and 13 at intake were followed annually through age 16 for psychiatric disorders. Criminal offense status in young adulthood (ages 16 to 21) was ascertained through court records. Results: Thirty-one percent of the sample had one or more adult criminal charges. Overall, 51.4% of male young adult offenders and 43.6% of female offenders had a child psychiatric history. The population-attributable risk of criminality from childhood disorders was 20.6% for young adult female participants and 15.3% for male participants. Childhood psychiatric profiles predicted all levels of criminality. Severe/violent offenses were predicted by comorbid diagnostic groups that included both emotional and behavioral disorders. Conclusions: The authors found that children with specific patterns of psychopathology with and without conduct disorder were at risk of later criminality. Effective identification and treatment of children with such patterns may reduce later crime.
Immune modulatory activity in probiotic supernatants
Authors: Inge Kepert, Juliano Fonseca, Kerstin Hochwind, Oliver Eickelberg, Michael Schmid, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Anton Hartmann, Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aims:  Probiotic bacteria were suggested for primary prevention of allergic diseases, but clinical studies targeting infants perinatally were inconclusive. One reason might be the unpredictable individual crosstalk between bacterium and host. Therefore, the use of soluble, biochemically defined probiotic compounds might be advantageous. We aimed to develop biological screening tools to detect immune regulatory activity in probiotic supernatants and further to perform a chemical characterization.   Methods:  The human T-cell line KM-H2, which secretes the allergy-associated chemokine CCL17 abundantly, was incubated with crude supernatants of 50 strains. CCL17 levels were then measured by ELISA. Selected supernatants were chemically fractionated (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry MS) and single fractions were retested on KM-H2. Further confirmation of bioactivity was done with human monocyte derived dendritic cells (DCs) that were matured with lipopolysaccharide in the presence or absence of supernatants or fractions. The expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD83, CD86 and CD40 was then assessed by flow cytometry.   Results:  15 supernatants from 50 strains significantly reduced both CCL17 secretion of KM-H2 and LPS-induced upregulation of DC markers. The immune modulatory activity could be assigned to single fractions with different polarity. Moreover, MS analysis indicates the presence of a single bioactive compound.   Conclusion:  Supernatants from selected probiotic strains have immune modulatory activity in the screening assays applied. Furthermore, we have preliminary indications of the chemical nature of one soluble probiotic compound with  in vitro  immune modulatory effects.
Comparison of the Effect of Plasma Glucose Concentrations on Microvascular Disease Between Pima Indian Youths and Adults
Authors: Jonathan Krakoff, Robert L. Hanson, Sayuko Kobes, William C. Knowler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To examine whether the current adult guidelines for diagnosis of diabetes are applicable to youth (age &amp;lt;20 years). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We analyzed fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose (PG) in two groups of Pima Indians, youths aged 5–19 years and adults aged 20–34 years, in relation to the incidence of microvascular disease when subjects were reexamined at ages 25–39 (youths) and 40–54 (adults). Microvascular disease was defined as retinopathy or a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≥0.5 g. RESULTS—An increase in the incidence of microvascular disease occurred at nearly the same level of glycemia in both groups. For youths, this increase occurred at FPG ∼7.3 mmol/l and 2-h PG ∼10.0 mmol/l; for adults, this increase occurred at FPG ∼7.5 mmol/l and 2-h PG ∼10.3 mmol/l. Sensitivity of the adult diagnostic guidelines of FPG ≥7.0 mmol/l and 2-h PG ≥11.1 mmol/l for the detection of microvascular disease was much lower (with higher specificity) in youths than in adults. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve areas were lower for FPG and 2-h PG for youths, suggesting that microvascular disease was less strongly predicted by baseline glucose. CONCLUSION—The current adult guidelines for diagnosis of diabetes are applicable to youth, as they identify a population at high risk of microvascular complications.
Biomineral Coating Increases Bone Formation by Ex Vivo BMP‐7 Gene Therapy in Rapid Prototyped Poly(<scp>l</scp>‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) Porous Scaffolds
Authors: Eiji Saito, Darilis Suarez‐Gonzalez, William L. Murphy, Scott J. Hollister
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Porousbiodegradable polymer scaffolds are widely utilized for bone tissue engineering, but are not osteoconductive like calcium phosphate scaffolds. We combine indirect solid freeform fabrication (SFF), ex vivo gene therapy, with biomineral coating to compare the effect of biomineral coating on bone regeneration for Poly ( l ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and Poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds with the same porous architecture. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro‐computed tomography (μ‐CT) demonstrate PLLA and PCL scaffolds have the same porous architecture and are completely coated. All scaffolds are seeded with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) transduced with adenovirus encoded with either bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP‐7) or green fluorescent protein (GFP), and implanted into mice subcutaneously for 3 and 10 weeks. Only scaffolds with BMP‐7 transduced HGFs show mineralized tissue formation. At 3 weeks some blood vessel‐like structures are observed in coated PLLA and PCL scaffolds, but there is no significant difference in bone ingrowth between the coated and uncoated scaffolds for either PLLA or PCL. At 10 weeks, however, coated scaffolds (both PLLA and PCL) have significantly more bone ingrowth than uncoated scaffolds, which have more fibrous tissue. Coated PLLA scaffolds have improved mechanical properties compared with uncoated PLLA scaffolds due to increased bone ingrowth.
Adiponectin, Metabolic Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Events among Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Carmine Zoccali, Francesca Mallamaci, Giovanni Tripepi, Francesco A. Benedetto, Sebastiano Cutrupi, Saverio Parlongo, Lorenzo S. Malatino, Graziella Bonanno, Giuseppe Seminara, Francesco Rapisarda, Pasquale Fatuzzo, Michele Buemi, Giacomo Nicocia, Sachiyo Tanaka, Noriyuki Ouchi, Shinji Kihara, Tohru Funahashi, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Adiponectin (ADPN), which is a secretory protein of adipose tissue, attenuates endothelial inflammatory responses in vitro. Among human subjects, plasma ADPN concentrations are reduced among patients with atherosclerotic complications but are substantially increased among patients with advanced renal failure. The clinical and biochemical correlates of plasma ADPN levels were investigated and the predictive power of ADPN levels with respect to survival rates and cardiovascular events was prospectively tested in a cohort of 227 hemodialysis patients, who were monitored for 31 ± 13 mo. Plasma ADPN levels were 2.5 times higher (P < 0.0001) among dialysis patients (15.0 ± 7.7 μg/ml) than among healthy subjects (6.3 ± 2.0 μg/ml), were independent of age, and were higher (P = 0.03) among women (15.2 ± 7.9 μg/ml) than among men (14.0 ± 7.4 μg/ml). For both genders, plasma ADPN levels were inversely related to body mass index values, plasma leptin levels, insulin levels, serum triglyceride levels, and homeostatic model assessment index values. Furthermore, plasma ADPN levels were directly related to HDL cholesterol levels and inversely related to von Willebrand factor levels. Plasma ADPN levels were lower (P < 0.05) among patients who experienced new cardiovascular events (13.7 ± 7.3 μg/ml) than among event-free patients (15.8 ± 7.8 μg/ml). There was a 3% risk reduction for each 1 μg/ml increase in plasma ADPN levels, and the relative risk of adverse cardiovascular events was 1.56 times (95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.99 times) higher among patients in the first ADPN tertile, compared with those in the third tertile. Plasma ADPN levels are an inverse predictor of cardiovascular outcomes among patients with end-stage renal disease. Furthermore, ADPN is related to several metabolic risk factors in a manner consistent with the hypothesis that this protein acts as a protective factor for the cardiovascular system.
Diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of lung infiltrates in febrile neutropenic patients (allogeneic SCT excluded): updated guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)
Authors: G. Maschmeyer, J. Carratalà, D. Buchheidt, A. Hamprecht, C.P. Heussel, C. Kahl, J. Lorenz, S. Neumann, C. Rieger, M. Ruhnke, H. Salwender, M. Schmidt-Hieber, E. Azoulay
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)

Up to 25% of patients with profound neutropenia lasting for >10 days develop lung infiltrates, which frequently do not respond to broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy. While a causative pathogen remains undetected in the majority of cases, Aspergillus spp., Pneumocystis jirovecii, multi-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, mycobacteria or respiratory viruses may be involved. In at-risk patients who have received trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) prophylaxis, filamentous fungal pathogens appear to be predominant, yet commonly not proven at the time of treatment initiation. Pathogens isolated from blood cultures, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or respiratory secretions are not always relevant for the etiology of pulmonary infiltrates and should therefore be interpreted critically. Laboratory tests for detecting Aspergillus galactomannan, β-d-glucan or DNA from blood, BAL or tissue samples may facilitate the diagnosis; however, most polymerase chain reaction assays are not yet standardized and validated. Apart from infectious agents, pulmonary side-effects from cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy or pulmonary involvement by the underlying malignancy should be included into differential diagnosis and eventually be clarified by invasive diagnostic procedures. Pre-emptive treatment with mold-active systemic antifungal agents improves clinical outcome, while other microorganisms are preferably treated only when microbiologically documented. High-dose TMP/SMX is first choice for treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia, while cytomegalovirus pneumonia is treated primarily with ganciclovir or foscarnet in most patients. In a considerable number of patients, clinical outcome may be favorable despite respiratory failure, so that intensive care should be unrestrictedly provided in patients whose prognosis is not desperate due to other reasons.
Validity of Therapy for Mild Hypertension
Authors: E D Freis
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1979)

Hypertension affects at least one in ten adults in nearly every country in the world. It ranks third only to atherosclerosis and cancer as a cause of death. It is also a leading risk factor in atherosclerotic complications such as myocardial infarction, sudden death, and atherothrombotic stroke. Hyper­ tension, therefore, is a double-edged sword. It produces complications spe­ cifically related to hypertension per se, such as hemorrhagic stroke, congestive heart failure, and renal failure, and, in addition, it aggravates and accelerates atherosclerosis.
Insulin Suppresses Endotoxin-Induced Oxidative, Nitrosative, and Inflammatory Stress in Humans
Authors: Paresh Dandona, Husam Ghanim, Arindam Bandyopadhyay, Kelly Korzeniewski, Chang Ling Sia, Sandeep Dhindsa, Ajay Chaudhuri
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether insulin reduces the magnitude of oxidative, nitrosative, and inflammatory stress and tissue damage responses induced by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine normal subjects were injected intravenously with 2 ng/kg LPS prepared from Escherichia coli. Ten others were infused with insulin (2 units/h) for 6 h in addition to the LPS injection along with 100 ml/h of 5% dextrose to maintain normoglycemia. RESULTS LPS injection induced a rapid increase in plasma concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites, nitrite and nitrate (NOM), and thiobarbituric acid–reacting substances (TBARS), an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), and marked increases in plasma free fatty acids, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF), C-reactive protein, resistin, visfatin, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), high mobility group-B1 (HMG-B1), and myoglobin concentrations. The coinfusion of insulin led to a total elimination of the increase in NOM, free fatty acids, and TBARS and a significant reduction in ROS generation by PMNLs and plasma MIF, visfatin, and myoglobin concentrations. Insulin did not affect TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, LBP, resistin, and HMG-B1 increases induced by the LPS. CONCLUSIONS Insulin reduces significantly several key mediators of oxidative, nitrosative, and inflammatory stress and tissue damage induced by LPS. These effects of insulin require further investigation for its potential use as anti-inflammatory therapy for endotoxemia.
Migraine History and Breast Cancer Risk Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Christopher I. Li, Robert W. Mathes, Elizabeth C. Bluhm, Bette Caan, Mary F. Cavanagh, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Yvonne Michael, Mary Jo O'Sullivan, Marcia L. Stefanick, Ross Prentice
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

PURPOSE Both migraine and breast cancer are hormonally mediated. Two recent reports indicate that women with a migraine history may have a lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer than those who never suffered migraines. This finding requires confirmation; in particular, an assessment of the influence of use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is needed, because many studies indicate that NSAID use also may confer a reduction in breast cancer risk. METHODS We assessed the relationship between self-reported history of migraine and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in 91,116 women enrolled on the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study prospective cohort from 1993 to 1998 at ages 50 to 79 years. Through September 15, 2005, there were 4,006 eligible patients with breast cancer diagnosed. Results Women with a history of migraine had a lower risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 98) than women without a migraine history. This risk did not vary by recent NSAID use. The lower risk was somewhat more pronounced for invasive estrogen-receptor-positive and progesterone-receptor-positive tumors (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.97), as no reduction in risk was observed for invasive ER-negative/PR-negative tumors (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.57), and this difference in risk estimates was borderline statistically significant (P = .06). CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that a history of migraine is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer and that this relationship is independent of recent NSAID use.
Hip arthroscopy for intra-articular pathology: a systematic review of outcomes with and without femoral osteoplasty
Authors: Joanne L Kemp, Natalie J Collins, Michael Makdissi, Anthony G Schache, Zuzana Machotka, Kay Crossley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Arthroscopy is increasingly used to improve pain and function in athletes with hip joint pathology. Surgical techniques have evolved to utilise arthroscopic femoral osteoplasty to address potential morphological contributors to pathology. Purpose Investigate pain and function outcomes following hip arthroscopy with and without femoral osteoplasty in individuals with intra-articular hip pathology. Study design Systematic review. Methods A comprehensive search strategy identified studies that evaluated the outcome over at least 3 months following arthroscopy for intra-articular hip pathology, using patient-reported outcomes of pain and/or function. Methodological quality was evaluated (Downs and Black scale), and effect sizes calculated when sufficient data were available. Results Twenty-nine studies of moderate methodological quality were included. Of 16 studies investigating arthroscopy alone, two studies showed large effects (3.12–5.46) at 1–2 years. Pain reduction and functional improvement (median 47%) were consistently reported by the remaining 14 studies up to 10 years postsurgery. Of 15 studies investigating arthroscopy with osteoplasty, nine papers showed mostly large effects (0.78–2.93) over 6–28 months. Adverse events were minimal (7% of participants, 12 studies, predominantly transient neuropraxia (83%)). Conclusion Current evidence indicates that hip arthroscopy can significantly reduce pain and improve function in patients with intra-articular hip pathology. While benefits of arthroscopy alone can persist up to 10 years postsurgery, effects of osteoplasty beyond 3 years need to be established. Future studies should investigate rehabilitation in this population, and the impact of surgery on development of osteoarthritis.
Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy: A Multicenter Analysis in Japan
Authors: Osamu Kamihira, Ryohei Hattori, Akito Yamaguchi, Gen Kawa, Osamu Ogawa, Tomonori Habuchi, Akihiro Kawauchi, Jiro Uozumi, Shigeaki Yokoi, Masao Tsujihata, Yoshihiro Hasui, Keiko Miyakoda, Harue Tada, Yoshinari Ono, Seiji Naito
Journal: European Urology (2009)
The Mitochondrial Genome of the Sipunculid Phascolopsis gouldii Supports Its Association with Annelida Rather than Mollusca
Authors: Jeffrey L. Boore, Joseph L. Staton
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

We determined the sequence of about half (7,470 nt) of the mitochondrial genome of the sipunculid Phascolopsis gouldii, the first representative of this phylum to be so studied. All of the 19 identified genes are transcribed from the same DNA strand. The arrangement of these genes is remarkably similar to that of the oligochaete annelid Lumbricus terrestris. Comparison of both the inferred amino acid sequences and the gene arrangements of a variety of diverse metazoan taxa reveals that the phylum Sipuncula is more closely related to Annelida than to Mollusca. This requires reinterpretation of the homology of several embryological features and of patterns of animal body plan evolution.
Digital PCR quantification of MGMT methylation refines prediction of clinical benefit from alkylating agents in glioblastoma and metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: L. Barault, A. Amatu, F.E. Bleeker, C. Moutinho, C. Falcomatà, V. Fiano, A. Cassingena, G. Siravegna, M. Milione, P. Cassoni, F. De Braud, R. Rudà, R. Soffietti, T. Venesio, A. Bardelli, P. Wesseling, P. de Witt Hamer, F. Pietrantonio, S. Siena, M. Esteller, A. Sartore-Bianchi, F. Di Nicolantonio
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Substitution of Moxifloxacin for Isoniazid during Intensive Phase Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Susan E. Dorman, John L. Johnson, Stefan Goldberg, Grace Muzanye, Nesri Padayatchi, Lorna Bozeman, Charles M. Heilig, John Bernardo, Shurjeel Choudhri, Jacques H. Grosset, Elizabeth Guy, Priya Guyadeen, Maria Corazon Leus, Gina Maltas, Dick Menzies, Eric L. Nuermberger, Margarita Villarino, Andrew Vernon, Richard E. Chaisson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Moxifloxacin has potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in a mouse model of antituberculosis (TB) chemotherapy, but data regarding its activity in humans are limited.Our objective was to compare the antimicrobial activity and safety of moxifloxacin versus isoniazid during the first 8 weeks of combination therapy for pulmonary TB.Adults with sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB were randomly assigned to receive either moxifloxacin 400 mg plus isoniazid placebo, or isoniazid 300 mg plus moxifloxacin placebo, administered 5 days/week for 8 weeks, in addition to rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. All doses were directly observed. Sputum was collected for culture every 2 weeks. The primary outcome was negative sputum culture at completion of 8 weeks of treatment.Of 433 participants enrolled, 328 were eligible for the primary efficacy analysis. Of these, 35 (11%) were HIV positive, 248 (76%) had cavitation on baseline chest radiograph, and 213 (65%) were enrolled at African sites. Negative cultures at Week 8 were observed in 90/164 (54.9%) participants in the isoniazid arm, and 99/164 (60.4%) in the moxifloxacin arm (P = 0.37). In multivariate analysis, cavitation and enrollment at an African site were associated with lower likelihood of Week-8 culture negativity. The proportion of participants who discontinued assigned treatment was 31/214 (14.5%) for the moxifloxacin group versus 22/205 (10.7%) for the isoniazid group (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.81, 2.25).Substitution of moxifloxacin for isoniazid resulted in a small but statistically nonsignificant increase in Week-8 culture negativity.
Shrinking the Gap Between Research and Practice: Tailoring and Testing Youth Psychotherapies in Clinical Care Contexts
Authors: John R. Weisz, Lauren S. Krumholz, Lauren Santucci, Kristel Thomassin, Mei Yi Ng
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2015)

Most youth psychotherapy research involves conditions quite unlike the clinical practice it is designed to strengthen. Most studies have not tested interventions with clinically referred youths and practicing clinicians in clinical care settings, nor have they tested whether new treatments produce better outcomes than usual practice. Limited exposure to real-world conditions and questions may partially explain why empirically supported treatments show such modest effects when tested under more representative conditions, against usual care. Our deployment-focused model calls for intervention development and testing with the kinds of participants (e.g., clients and clinicians) and in the contexts (e.g., clinics) for which the interventions are ultimately intended, and for randomized comparisons to usual clinical care. Research with the Child STEPs (system and treatment enhancement projects) treatment approach illustrates the methods and potential benefits of the deployment-focused model. Findings supporting Child STEPs are but one part of a rich research matrix needed to shrink the gap between intervention research and clinical practice.
Trauma Critical Care
Authors: LARRY M. GENTILELLO, DAVID J. PIERSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The surgical approach to the most injured patients has changed in recent years. Many patients arrive in the intensive care unit with problems that in the past would have been definitively addressed in the operating room, or led to the patient's demise due to continued attempts to complete all surgical procedures, despite deteriorating physiology. As a result, the triad of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy, along with the frequent complication of abdominal compartment syndrome, are critical factors that require correction in the intensive care unit. Prompt correction is necessary not only to allow expeditious completion of required surgical procedures, but because this triad, unless interrupted, invariably leads to death during resuscitation.