tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US panel recommends statins for adults aged 40 to 75 at 10% or greater risk of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Adults aged 40 to 75 years who have no history of cardiovascular disease but who smoke or who have dyslipidemia, diabetes, or hypertension and a 10 year risk of a cardiovascular event of at least 10% should be offered preventive treatment with a low to moderate dose statin, the US Preventive Services Task Force has concluded in draft recommendations released on 22 December.1 For the purposes of this recommendation the task force defined dyslipidemia as a concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of greater than 130 mg/dL. …
C9ORF72 poly(GA) aggregates sequester and impair HR23 and nucleocytoplasmic transport proteins
Authors: Yong-Jie Zhang, Tania F Gendron, Jonathan C Grima, Hiroki Sasaguri, Karen Jansen-West, Ya-Fei Xu, Rebecca B Katzman, Jennifer Gass, Melissa E Murray, Mitsuru Shinohara, Wen-Lang Lin, Aliesha Garrett, Jeannette N Stankowski, Lillian Daughrity, Jimei Tong, Emilie A Perkerson, Mei Yue, Jeannie Chew, Monica Castanedes-Casey, Aishe Kurti, Zizhao S Wang, Amanda M Liesinger, Jeremy D Baker, Jie Jiang, Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne, Dieter Edbauer, Don W Cleveland, Rosa Rademakers, Kevin B Boylan, Guojun Bu, Christopher D Link, Chad A Dickey, Jeffrey D Rothstein, Dennis W Dickson, John D Fryer, Leonard Petrucelli
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2016)
P208 Prevention of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia with Chest Physiotherapy: A Meta-analysis
Authors: GF Javelosa, RK De Borja, M Lagmay, K Villareal
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Research question</h3> Among mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients, can chest physiotherapy (CPT) prevent the onset of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) compared with standard care? <h3>Introduction</h3> VAP is a common nosocomial infection with various known strategies for prevention, including CPT. Conflicting evidence regarding CPT for VAP prevention exist since CPT may cause desaturation and respiratory muscle fatigue. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the efficacy of CPT, compared with standard care, in preventing the onset of VAP among mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients, its effect on ICU mortality, length of ICU stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation. <h3>Inclusion criteria</h3> Controlled trials on adult mechanically ventilated ICU patients, given CPT for VAP prevention, compared with standard care. <h3>Search strategy</h3> An electronic search in PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, BioMedCentral, Elsevier Health, and Herdin was done. Reference lists were checked manually. <h3>Study manoeuvres </h3> The authors arrived at a consensus and the Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for evaluation. <h3>Statistical analysis</h3> Mantel-Haenszel method using the Review manager 5.3. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty studies were found, and 10 were retrieved for review. Five studies were included, representing 595 patients. Evaluation of the included studies found 1 study with low risk of bias, 2 studies with high risk, and 2 studies with unclear risk. Overall combined meta-analysis of all 5 studies found no difference in VAP incidence between the 2 groups (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.23, P = 0.05). A subgroup analysis done excluding the studies with high risk of bias still showed no difference in VAP incidence (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.50, P = 0.86). CPT made no significant difference on ICU mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.97, P = 0.07), duration of ICU stay (RR 0.36, 95% CI -1.83 to 2.55, P = 0.10), and duration of mechanical ventilation (RR 0.23, 95% CI -0.74 to 1.21, P = 0.14). <h3>Conclusions</h3> It is not recommended to perform routine CPT on mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients to prevent the onset of VAP, as this is associated with potential harm and unnecessary costs. The authors recommend that more trials with low risk of bias be conducted on CPT for VAP prevention.
Use of Postprostatectomy Radiation Therapy at an NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Jeffrey M Martin, Tianyu Li, Matthew E Johnson, Colin T Murphy, Alan G Howald, Marc C Smaldone, Alexander Kutikov, David Y T Chen, Rosalia Viterbo, Richard E Greenberg, Robert G Uzzo, Eric M Horwitz
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Characterize use of postprostatectomy radiation (PPRT) for patients with prostate cancer at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center.We queried our prospective prostate cancer database for patients treated with 60 to 68 Gy of radiation therapy (RT) to the prostate bed after prostatectomy from 2003 to 2011. Prostatectomy cases were obtained from billing records. Patients with an intact prostate treated with definitive RT served as a control for the change in volume of patients with prostate cancer treated in the department. Chi-square analysis assessed differences between adjuvant and salvage RT cohorts. Spearman correlation assessed yearly trends in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at the time of referral for RT. Linear regression models tested trends for number of PPRT cases, prostatectomies, and patients with intact prostate receiving radiation across years.PPRT was used to treat 475 men at Fox Chase Cancer Center from 2003 to 2011 (83 adjuvant and 392 salvage). Over time, an increased proportion of patients receiving RT to the prostate were treated with PPRT. No increase was seen in the proportion of patients treated with adjuvant RT compared with salvage RT (P=.5). Patients receiving adjuvant RT were younger, had higher pathologic Gleason score, pathologic T stage, and rates of positive margins than those receiving salvage RT. Pre-RT PSA values were inversely correlated with year (P=.005). The number of patients referred for salvage RT with a PSA of 0.5 ng/mL or less increased significantly from 7.9% in 2003 to 26.6% in 2011 (P=.002).A larger proportion of patients treated with RT for localized prostate cancer are now receiving PPRT. No increase was seen in the proportion of patients treated with adjuvant RT. Over time, patients with lower PSAs were referred for salvage RT.
The ENFUMOSA cross-sectional European multicentre study of the clinical phenotype of chronic severe asthma
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Since severe asthma is a poorly understood, major health problem, 12 clinical specialist centres in nine European countries formed a European Network For Understanding Mechanisms Of Severe Asthma (ENFUMOSA). In a cross-sectional observational study, a total of 163 subjects with severe asthma were compared with 158 subjects whose asthma was controlled by low doses of inhaled corticosteroids (median dose of beclomethasone equivalents 666 microg). Despite being treated with higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids (median dose 1773 microg) and for a third of the severe asthmatics also being treated with regular, oral-steroid therapy (median daily dose 19 mg), the subjects with severe asthma met the inclusion criteria. The criteria required subjects to have undergone at least one asthma exacerbation in the past year requiring oral steroid treatment. Females dominated the severe asthma group (female/male ratio 4.4:1 versus 1.6:1 in the controlled asthmatics), and compared with controlled asthmatics, they had a predominantly neutrophilic inflammation (sputum neutrophils, 36 versus 28%) and evidence of ongoing mediator release but less atopy. From these findings and other physiological and clinical data reported in this paper, it is suggested that severe asthma might be a different form of asthma rather than an increase in asthma symptoms. The findings prompt for longitudinal studies and interventions to define the mechanisms in severe asthma.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Reveals Distinct Immunoglobulin Light Chain Variable Region Usage In Systemic Versus Localized AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Oana M Mereuta, Surendra Dasari, Jason D Theis, Julie A Vrana, Karen L Grogg, Morie A Gertz, Steven R. Zeldenrust, Angela Dispenzieri, Marina Ramirez-Alvarado, Diane F. Jelinek, Paul J Kurtin, Ahmet Dogan
Journal: Blood (2013)
Hysterosalpingo contrast sonography as a screening test for tubal patency in infertile women
Authors: Stephen R Killick
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1999)

The most informative method for assessing tubal patency in subfertile women is laparoscopy-and-dye. This investigation, however, puts a large burden on services and a screening test is needed that identifies a high likelihood of occlusion. In our infertility programme we introduced hysterosalpingo contrast sonography for this purpose, operated entirely by ultrasonographers. A series of audits indicated that this innovation speeded the process of investigation by several weeks and reduced the number of laparoscopy-and-dye procedures by 75%. The negative predictive value was 89% and the positive predictive value was 44%. The main limitation of the method was the long period required for training, in those without extensive experience of vaginal ultrasonography.
Clinically defined vascular depression
Authors: G S Alexopoulos, B S Meyers, R C Young, T Kakuma, D Silbersweig, M Charlson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The authors' goal was to examine the clinical presentation of a group of depressed elderly patients with clinically defined risk factors for vascular depression compared with a group of elderly depressed patients without such risk factors.Cognitive deficits, disability, and depressive symptoms were examined in 33 consecutively recruited elderly patients defined as having vascular depression and 32 patients defined as having nonvascular depression according to their scores on the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics.The patients with vascular depression had greater overall cognitive impairment and disability than those with nonvascular depression. Fluency and naming were more impaired in patients with vascular depression, and they had more retardation and less agitation as well as less guilt feelings and greater lack of insight.The symptoms of vascular depression are consistent with lesions that may damage striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical pathways and other areas. The concept of vascular depression can provide the impetus for investigations of prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease and for studies of the course of vascular depression and selection of antidepressants.
Brain Hypoxia and Ischemia After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Paul M. Vespa
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
ITGA6 is directly regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors and enriches for cancer stem cell activity and invasion in metastatic breast cancer models
Authors: Danielle L. Peacock Brooks, Luciana P. Schwab, Raisa Krutilina, Deanna N. Parke, Aarti Sethuraman, David Hoogewijs, Alexandra Schörg, Lauren Gotwald, Meiyun Fan, Roland H. Wenger, Tiffany N. Seagroves
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2016)

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are well-established mediators of tumor growth, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. In several types of solid tumors, including breast cancers, the HIFs play a critical role in maintaining cancer stem cell (CSC) activity. Thus, we hypothesized that HIFs may also regulate transcription of markers of breast CSC activity. One approach to enrich for breast cells with stem-like phenotypes is FACS sorting, in which sub-populations of live cells are gated based on the expression of cell surface antigens, including various integrin subunits. Integrin alpha 6 (ITGA6; CD49f) is routinely used in combination with other integrin subunits to enrich for breast stem cells by FACS. Integrins not only mediate interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), but also drive intracellular signaling events that communicate from the tumor microenvironment to inside of the tumor cell to alter phenotypes including migration and invasion. We used two models of metastatic breast cancer (MBC), polyoma middle T (MMTV-PyMT) and MDA-MB-231 cells, to compare the expression of ITGA6 in wild type and knockout (KO) or knockdown cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays verified that ITGA6 is a direct HIF transcriptional target. We also used FACS sorting to enrich for CD49f + cells to compare tumorsphere formation, tumor initiating cell activity, invasion and HIF activity relative to CD49fneg or low cells. Knockdown of ITGA6 significantly reduced invasion, whereas re-expression of ITGA6 in the context of HIF knockdown partially rescued invasion. A search of public databases also revealed that ITGA6 expression is an independent prognostic factor of survival in breast cancer patients. We report that ITGA6 is a HIF-dependent target gene and that high ITGA6 expression enhances invasion and tumor-initiating cell activities in models of MBC. Moreover, cells that express high levels of ITGA6 are enriched for HIF-1α expression and the expression of HIF-dependent target genes. Our data suggest that HIF-dependent regulation of ITGA6 is one mechanism by which sorting for CD49f + cells enhances CSC and metastatic phenotypes in breast cancers. Our results are particularly relevant to basal-like breast cancers which express higher levels of the HIFα subunits, core HIF-dependent target genes and ITGA6 relative to other molecular subtypes.
Distinct Subtypes of Gastric Cancer Defined by Molecular Characterization Include Novel Mutational Signatures with Prognostic Capability
Authors: Xiangchun Li, William K.K. Wu, Rui Xing, Sunny H. Wong, Yuexin Liu, Xiaodong Fang, Yanlin Zhang, Mengyao Wang, Jiaqian Wang, Lin Li, Yong Zhou, Senwei Tang, Shaoliang Peng, Kunlong Qiu, Longyun Chen, Kexin Chen, Huanming Yang, Wei Zhang, Matthew T.V. Chan, Youyong Lu, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Jun Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Gastric cancer is not a single disease, and its subtype classification is still evolving. Next-generation sequencing studies have identified novel genetic drivers of gastric cancer, but their use as molecular classifiers or prognostic markers of disease outcome has yet to be established. In this study, we integrated somatic mutational profiles and clinicopathologic information from 544 gastric cancer patients from previous genomic studies to identify significantly mutated genes (SMG) with prognostic relevance. Gastric cancer patients were classified into regular (86.8%) and hypermutated (13.2%) subtypes based on mutation burden. Notably, TpCpW mutations occurred significantly more frequently in regular, but not hypermutated, gastric cancers, where they were associated with APOBEC expression. In the former group, six previously unreported (XIRP2, NBEA, COL14A1, CNBD1, ITGAV, and AKAP6) and 12 recurrent mutated genes exhibited high mutation prevalence (≥3.0%) and an unexpectedly higher incidence of nonsynonymous mutations. We also identified two molecular subtypes of regular-mutated gastric cancer that were associated with distinct prognostic outcomes, independently of disease staging, as confirmed in a distinct patient cohort by targeted capture sequencing. Finally, in diffuse-type gastric cancer, CDH1 mutation was found to be associated with shortened patient survival, independently of disease staging. Overall, our work identified previously unreported SMGs and a mutation signature predictive of patient survival in newly classified subtypes of gastric cancer, offering opportunities to stratify patients into optimal treatment plans based on molecular subtyping. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1724-32. ©2016 AACR.
Venous access devices—The questionnaire regarding estimation of patient satisfaction
Authors: M. Piatek, A. I. Jagiello-Gruszfeld, A. Lachowski, M. Sikorska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20723 Background: Implantable venous access systems with a long-term usage called port catheters are widely used in patients with cancer. They facilitate work on chemotherapy departments, but first off all they significantly improve the quality of life of patients with cancer who receive chemotherapy drugs administered intravenously. Methods: We decided to make a questionnaire among the patients with implantable venous access systems with a long-term usage to determine that the patients find the benefit from implanted port catheters and also to determine that the implantation of the port catheter is a significant agent influencing the quality of life. The questionnaire filled in 81 patients with implanted port catheters, 68%-women, 32%-men. The range of age was 26–77 years, the median age was 55 years. Results: We determined, based on received answers that the 12% of patients who filled in the questionnaire had implanted port catheter on 2005, 43% on 2006 and 45% on 2007. 11% of respondents have never chemotherapy before the implantation venous access system. The rest of the patients who filled in the questionnaire (89%) estimated that the chemotherapy delivered to the port catheter is easier to accept than previously used method of chemotherapy delivery by peripheral veins. Subsequently the patients estimated in 10 degree linear scale the level of their satisfaction depending to port catheter implantation. 76.5% who filled in the questionnaire defined their level of satisfaction for 10, the lowest result was 5, and the median result was 8.346. Only 7% of respondents published that the complications or problems occurred due to implanted port catheter. 5% of cases the complications regarded to the procedure of port catheter implantation (hematoma, pain after implantation). The other cases regarded late complications related to usage of devices (thrombosis). Conclusions: The results of questionnaire proved that the most of the patients who have planned long-term chemotherapy should have implanted port catheters. Foregoing conclusions are most adequate for palliative care where the maintenance of good quality of life is specially significant. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 130: Ox-LDL Impairs The Survival Of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Partially Through Membrane Damage Independent Of ROS Production In Vitro
Authors: Xin Li, Yuan Xiao, Yuqi Cui, Hua Zhu, Chandrakala A Narasimhulu, Jia Zhang, Hong Hao, Lingjuan Liu, Xiaoyun Xie, Guanglong He, Jianjie Ma, Catherine M Verfaillie, Sampath Parthasarathy, Zhenguo Liu
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Aims: cell-based therapy with bone marrow stem cells (MSCs) remains a viable option for tissue repair and regeneration. One of the major challenges for cell-based therapy is the limited survival of the cells after in vivo administration. The exact mechanism(s) for impaired in vivo survival of the implanted MSCs remains to be defined. Oxidized low-density lipid protein (ox-LDL) is a natural product in human blood, and the major contributor to the development of atherosclerosis. The present study was to investigate the effect of ox-LDL on the survival of bone marrow stem cells and the mechanisms in vitro. Methods and Results: Rat bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) were treated with ox-LDL (with the final concentration of 10 and 20 ug/ml) for up to 48 hours. Exposure to ox-LDL resulted in significant cell death and apoptosis of MAPCs in association with a significant increase in LDH release in the conditioned media in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating significant cell membrane damage. The membrane damage was further confirmed with the rapid entry of the small fluorescent dye FM1-43 as detected using confocal microscope. Ox-LDL generated a significant amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the culture system as measured with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 0.1 mM) completely inhibited the production of ROS from ox-LDL. However, it didn’t prevent ox-LDL-induced cell death or apoptosis. However, pre-treatment of the cells with the specific membrane protective recombinant human MG53 protein (rhMG53)(66 ug/ml, final concentration) significantly, reduced LDH release and the entry of FM1-43 dye into the cells exposed to ox-LDL. Conclusion: Ox-LDL enhanced cell death and apoptosis of MAPCs with a mechanism independent of ROS generation in vitro. Ox-LDL impaired the survival of MAPCs partially through cell membrane damage in vitro.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in the Diagnosis of Human Benign and Malignant Brain Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Gerhardt, W., Clausen, J., Christensen, E., Riishede, J.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Journal Article Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in the Diagnosis of Human Benign and Malignant Brain Tumors Get access W. Gerhardt, M.D., W. Gerhardt, M.D. Neurochemical Institute, University Laboratory of Neuropathology, Rigshospitalet, and University Clinic of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Clausen, M.D., Ph.D., J. Clausen, M.D., Ph.D. 3 Neurochemical Institute, University Laboratory of Neuropathology, Rigshospitalet, and University Clinic of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark 3All requests for reprints should be addressed to: Dr. J. Clausen, Chief, Neurochemical Institute, 58 Rådmandsgade, Copenhagen N, Denmark. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. Christensen, M.D., E. Christensen, M.D. Neurochemical Institute, University Laboratory of Neuropathology, Rigshospitalet, and University Clinic of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Riishede, M.D. J. Riishede, M.D. Neurochemical Institute, University Laboratory of Neuropathology, Rigshospitalet, and University Clinic of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 38, Issue 3, March 1967, Pages 343–357, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/38.3.343 Published: 01 March 1967 Article history Received: 13 May 1966 Revision received: 25 October 1966 Published: 01 March 1967
Efficacy of clonidine in 24 patients with acute mania
Authors: M C Hardy, Y Lecrubier, D Widlöcher
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors treated 24 newly hospitalized patients suffering from acute mania with 450-900 micrograms/day of clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, for 2 weeks. A marked decrease in manic symptoms was observed after 5 and 13 days of treatment in about half of the patients. Early response seemed to predict the final result. Patients with a family history of affective disorder and patients who had had a good response to neuroleptics during a previous manic episode tended not to respond to clonidine. At the doses given, the patients' tolerance to clonidine was excellent: sedation was markedly lower than it is with neuroleptic treatment.