tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of shear rate variation on apparent viscosity of human blood in tubes of 29 to 94 microns diameter.
Authors: W Reinke, P C Johnson, P Gaehtgens
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

In order to test the hypothesis that the increase of vascular resistance observed in vivo at low flow rates is due in part to blood rheological properties, the apparent viscosity of human blood was measured in small tubes in a range of shear rates. Pressure-flow relationships were obtained in vertical glass tubes (29 to 94 microns i.d.) perfused with blood at hematocrits between 0.13 and 0.65. Viscosity of blood and plasma was calculated using Poiseuille's law. With the exception of data obtained in the largest tube at a hematocrit of 0.6, relative blood viscosity was found to be independent of shear rate in the range between 1 and 120 s-1. Microscopic observation revealed pronounced red cell aggregation at low shear rates. Velocity profiles obtained by the use of fluorescence-labelled red cells showed increased blunting with decreasing shear rate. The Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect was evident in a reduction of viscosity with tube size at a given feed hematocrit. The observed constancy of apparent blood viscosity with decreasing shear is attributed to the opposing effects of a cell-depleted marginal layer and red cell aggregation or deformation in the cell core. The findings indicate that the increase of vascular resistance at low arterial pressure cannot be explained by shear-dependent changes of apparent blood viscosity observed in macroviscometers.
Sun Exposure, Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, and Risk of Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Esther M. John, Gary G. Schwartz, Jocelyn Koo, David Van Den Berg, Sue A. Ingles
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Substantial experimental evidence indicates that the hormonal form of vitamin D promotes the differentiation and inhibits the proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis of human prostatic cancer cells. Results from epidemiologic studies of vitamin D status and/or vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk have been mixed. We conducted a population-based, case-control study of advanced prostate cancer among men ages 40 to 79 years from the San Francisco Bay area. Interview data on lifetime sun exposure and other risk factors were collected for 905 non-Hispanic White men (450 cases and 455 controls). Using a reflectometer, we measured constitutive skin pigmentation on the upper underarm (a sun-protected site) and facultative pigmentation on the forehead (a sun-exposed site) and calculated a sun exposure index from these measurements. Biospecimens were collected for 426 cases and 440 controls. Genotyping was done for VDR polymorphisms in the 5′ regulatory region (Cdx-2), exon 2 (FokI), and the 3′ region (TaqI and BglI). Reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer was associated with high sun exposure determined by reflectometry [odds ratio (OR), 0.51; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.33-0.80] and high occupational outdoor activity (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.48-1.11). Significant risk reductions with the high-activity alleles FokI FF or Ff, TaqI tt, and BglI BB genotypes and a nonsignificant reduction with Cdx-2 AG or AA genotype were observed in the presence of high sun exposure, with ORs ranging from 0.46 to 0.67. Our findings support the hypothesis that sun exposure and VDR polymorphisms together play important roles in the etiology of prostate cancer.
The Emergence of Youth Suicide: An Epidemiologic Analysis and Public Health Perspective
Authors: M L Rosenberg, J C Smith, L E Davidson, J M Conn
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1987)

In this epidemiologic analysis, we examine death certificate data to identify significant patterns and trends in suicide in the United States. Although the overall suicide rate did not change from 1950 to 1980, fundamental and important changes did occur: suicide rates among older persons decreased and rates among younger persons increased markedly. Suicide rates have increased most dramatically among young white men aged 15 to 24. From 1950 to 1980, rates among white males aged 15 to 19 increased by 305%; among white males aged 20 to 24, by 196%. The percentage of suicides in which firearms were used has also increased markedly, most dramatically in young men and women. These fundamental changes in the pattern of suicide in the United States have critical implications for how the mental health and public health communities approach the problem. Suicide has traditionally been considered a mental health problem, and our approach to prevention was based on a portrait of the typical suicidal individual as an older, depressed, white male. The basic prevention strategy involved detection and treatment of depression. If, as some recent research suggests, most young persons at high risk for suicide are not depressed, the whole approach to prevention must be reexamined. There is an urgent need to reexamine and advance our understanding of what causes suicide. Who are the persons at greatest risk, and what can be done to prevent these deaths? Although increased use of drugs and alcohol has been proposed as a possible cause of the increase in suicides, it is only one hypothesis among others that must be examined. The significance of mental illness, suicide clusters and contagion, and the availability of firearms need further study as possible risk factors for youth suicide. Suicide represents the second leading cause of death among young persons aged 15 to 24. A problem of this magnitude should be given high priority by the public health community in planning and implementing research and interventions.
The origins of aggression sex differences: Evolved dispositions versus social roles
Authors: Alice H. Eagly, Wendy Wood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The ultimate causes of sex differences in human aggressive behavior can lie mainly in evolved, inherited mechanisms that differ by sex or mainly in the differing placement of women and men in the social structure. The present commentary contrasts Campbell's evolutionary interpretation of aggression sex differences with a social structural interpretation that encompasses a wider range of phenomena.
Efficacy and Safety of Sirolimus in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Francis X. McCormack, Yoshikazu Inoue, Joel Moss, Lianne G. Singer, Charlie Strange, Koh Nakata, Alan F. Barker, Jeffrey T. Chapman, Mark L. Brantly, James M. Stocks, Kevin K. Brown, Joseph P. Lynch, Hilary J. Goldberg, Lisa R. Young, Brent W. Kinder, Gregory P. Downey, Eugene J. Sullivan, Thomas V. Colby, Roy T. McKay, Marsha M. Cohen, Leslie Korbee, Angelo M. Taveira-DaSilva, Hye Seung Lee, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Bruce C. Trapnell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive, cystic lung disease in women; it is associated with inappropriate activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which regulates cellular growth and lymphangiogenesis. Sirolimus (also called rapamycin) inhibits mTOR and has shown promise in phase 1-2 trials involving patients with LAM.We conducted a two-stage trial of sirolimus involving 89 patients with LAM who had moderate lung impairment--a 12-month randomized, double-blind comparison of sirolimus with placebo, followed by a 12-month observation period. The primary end point was the difference between the groups in the rate of change (slope) in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)).During the treatment period, the FEV(1) slope was -12±2 ml per month in the placebo group (43 patients) and 1±2 ml per month in the sirolimus group (46 patients) (P<0.001). The absolute between-group difference in the mean change in FEV(1) during the treatment period was 153 ml, or approximately 11% of the mean FEV(1) at enrollment. As compared with the placebo group, the sirolimus group had improvement from baseline to 12 months in measures of forced vital capacity, functional residual capacity, serum vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), and quality of life and functional performance. There was no significant between-group difference in this interval in the change in 6-minute walk distance or diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. After discontinuation of sirolimus, the decline in lung function resumed in the sirolimus group and paralleled that in the placebo group. Adverse events were more common with sirolimus, but the frequency of serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups.In patients with LAM, sirolimus stabilized lung function, reduced serum VEGF-D levels, and was associated with a reduction in symptoms and improvement in quality of life. Therapy with sirolimus may be useful in selected patients with LAM. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; MILES ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00414648.).
The Future Care of Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Napoleon A. Saliba
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Because of current trends in reducing tuberculosis hospital facilities somewhat erratically, we propose a close look at the future of tuberculosis control. Need for hospital treatment will persist for many years to come, and such units should ideally be closely affiliated with medical schools. Outpatient clinic surveillance has many pitfalls; therefore experienced professional personnel are needed. We have recently observed a series of cases in which relapse occurred 10 to 30 years after the original diagnosis of tuberculosis. Therefore the need for adequate tuberculosis control measures and treatment facilities can be projected many years ahead.
Clearance of inhaled 99mTc-DTPA predicts the clinical course of fibrosing alveolitis
Authors: AU Wells, DM Hansell, NK Harrison, R Lawrence, CM Black, RM du Bois
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

The aim of this study was to determine whether the speed of technetium-labelled diethylene-triamine-pentacetate (99mTc-DTPA) clearance from the lung is predictive of disease progression in fibrosing alveolitis, as judged by changes in respiratory function tests. 82 nonsmoking patients with fibrosing alveolitis were studied (progressive systemic sclerosis, n = 53; lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, n = 29). Normal 99mTc-DTPA clearance at initial measurement predicted stable disease; rapid 99mTc-DTPA clearance identified patients at risk of deterioration. Repeat measurement of clearance, approximately 12 months later, enabled the definition of a subgroup at higher risk, with persistently abnormal 99mTc-DTPA clearance, and a smaller subgroup in whom reversion of clearance to normal was associated with a sustained improvement in respiratory function indices. These findings were not attributable to differences in treatment between subgroups. We conclude that the speed of 99mTc-DTPA clearance discriminates between stable and progressive disease in fibrosing alveolitis.
Sequencing Of The ST2 Gene and The Identification Of Genetic Determinants Of Serum Total ST2 Levels: Strong Evidence For Replication Across European and African American Populations
Authors: Rasika A. Mathias, Lili Huang, Candelaria I. Vergara, Li Gao, Nicholas M. Rafaels, Joseph Potee, Monica Campbell, Hironori Masuko, Justyna Fert-Bober, James Snider, Margaret Taub, Ingo Ruczinski, Terri H. Beaty, Jennifer E. Van Eyk, Kathleen C. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Clinical and human leucocyte antigen class II haplotype associations of autoantibodies to small ubiquitin-like modifier enzyme, a dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen target, in UK Caucasian adult-onset myositis
Authors: Z E Betteridge, H Gunawardena, H Chinoy, J North, W E R Ollier, R G Cooper, N J McHugh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> Autoantibodies to a novel autoantigen small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme (SAE) associated with dermatomyositis (DM) have previously been identified. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of anti-SAE autoantibodies in a UK myositis cohort and investigate clinicoimmunogenetic associations. <h3>Methods:</h3> Clinical data and sera were studied from 266 patients recruited to the Adult Onset Myositis Immunogenetic Collaboration. Myositis sera, control sera including 250 patients with other connective tissue diseases and 50 healthy participants were screened using radio-immunoprecipitation. Immunodepletion was performed on all sera immunoprecipitating 40 and 90 kDa bands to confirm the presence of anti-SAE. DNA from 202 patients with myositis was genotyped for human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and DQB1; DQA1 data were inferred. <h3>Results:</h3> Out of 266 patients with myositis, 11 (4%) were positive for anti-SAE, which was found exclusively in DM with a frequency of 8%. Patients with anti-SAE had a high frequency of cutaneous lesions including heliotrope (82%) and Gottron rash (82%). Of the 11, 9 (82%) had systemic features and 7 of 9 (78%) developed dysphagia. Of those nine, seven (78%) presented with skin disease before myositis onset. All patients with anti-SAE possessed at least one copy of HLA-DQB1*03. HLA-DRB1*04-DQA1*03-DQB1*03 was a significant risk factor in anti-SAE positive versus patients who were anti-SAE negative (haplotype frequency 18% vs 6%, p&lt;0.001, OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.9 to 17.3). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Anti-SAE is a myositis-specific autoantibody that identifies a subset of patients with adult DM. The majority of patients with anti-SAE presented with cutaneous disease and progressed to myositis with systemic features including dysphagia. This novel autoantibody has a strong association with the HLA-DRB1*04-DQA1*03-DQB1*03 haplotype.
The Glucocorticoid Receptor Cooperates With the Erythropoietin Receptor and c-Kit to Enhance and Sustain Proliferation of Erythroid Progenitors In Vitro
Authors: Marieke von Lindern, Wolfgang Zauner, Georg Mellitzer, Peter Steinlein, Gerhard Fritsch, Klaus Huber, Bob Löwenberg, Hartmut Beug
Journal: Blood (1999)
Premature Ovarian Failure and Fertility in Long-Term Survivors of Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group and Groupe d'Étude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte Cohort Study
Authors: Marleen A.E. van der Kaaij, Natacha Heutte, Paul Meijnders, Edwige Abeilard-Lemoisson, Michele Spina, Elizabeth C. Moser, Anouk Allgeier, Bart Meulemans, Arnold H.M. Simons, Pieternella J. Lugtenburg, Berthe M.P. Aleman, Evert M. Noordijk, Christophe Fermé, José Thomas, Aspasia Stamatoullas, Christophe Fruchart, Pauline Brice, Isabelle Gaillard, Serge Bologna, Francisca Ong, Houchingue Eghbali, Jeanette K. Doorduijn, Franck Morschhauser, Catherine Sebban, Judith M. Roesink, Marie Bouteloup, Achiel Van Hoof, John M.M. Raemaekers, Michel Henry-Amar, Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose In this large cohort of Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors with long follow-up, we estimated the impact of treatment regimens on premature ovarian failure (POF) occurrence and motherhood, including safety of nonalkylating chemotherapy and dose-response relationships for alkylating chemotherapy and age at treatment. Patients and Methods The Life Situation Questionnaire was sent to 1,700 women treated in European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Groupe d'Étude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte trials between 1964 and 2004. Women treated between ages 15 and 40 years and currently not using hormonal contraceptives (n = 460) were selected to assess occurrence of POF. Cumulative POF risk was estimated using the life-table method. Predictive factors were assessed by Cox regression analysis. Results Median follow-up was 16 years (range, 5 to 45 years). Cumulative risk of POF after alkylating chemotherapy was 60% (95% CI, 41% to 79%) and only 3% (95% CI, 1% to 7%) after nonalkylating chemotherapy (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine; epirubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and prednisone). Dose relationship between alkylating chemotherapy and POF occurrence was linear. POF risk increased by 23% per year of age at treatment. In women treated without alkylating chemotherapy at age younger than 32 years and age 32 years or older, cumulative POF risks were 3% (95% CI, 1% to 16%) and 9% (95% CI, 4% to 18%), respectively. If menstruation returned after treatment, cumulative POF risk was independent of age at treatment. Among women who ultimately developed POF, 22% had one or more children after treatment, compared with 41% of women without POF. Conclusion Nonalkylating chemotherapy carries little to no excess risk of POF. Dose-response relationships for alkylating chemotherapy and age at treatment are both linear. Timely family planning is important for women at risk of POF.
A 3-Year Panel Study of Mental Disorders Among Adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Susan S.F. Gau, M.Y. Chong, Tony H.H. Chen, Andrew T.A. Cheng
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

This study investigated the prevalence and changing trends of mental disorders and the effects of gender and urbanization among adolescents in Taiwan.A random sample of seventh-grade students (N=1,070) was recruited from one urban and one rural junior high school in which 1,051 (98.2%) and 1,035 (96.7%) were reassessed in the second and third years, respectively. A two-stage case identification was conducted by mental health professionals with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Epidemiologic Version, supplemented by information from the Child Behavior Checklist.The weighted 3-month prevalence rates across the 3 consecutive years for overall psychiatric disorders were 20.3%, 22.7%, and 14.8%, respectively. The most prevalent psychiatric condition was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the first 2 years and substance use disorders in the third. During the 3 years, the rates for ADHD, specific phobia, and social phobia decreased, and the rates for major depression and substance use disorders, conversely, increased. Although conduct disorder, ADHD, and substance use disorders were more prevalent among boys, the rates for major depression, social phobia, specific phobia, and adjustment disorder were higher among girls. Rural adolescents had higher rates of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and substance use disorders than their urban counterparts.Our findings are similar to those of previous studies among adolescents in prevalence rates, changing trends of most mental disorders, and gender effects. The differential changing trends in various diagnostic groups may imply the importance of specific measures for prevention during adolescence.
Deletion of FMR1 in Purkinje Cells Enhances Parallel Fiber LTD, Enlarges Spines, and Attenuates Cerebellar Eyelid Conditioning in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: S.K.E. Koekkoek, K. Yamaguchi, B.A. Milojkovic, B.R. Dortland, T.J.H. Ruigrok, R. Maex, W. De Graaf, A.E. Smit, F. VanderWerf, C.E. Bakker, R. Willemsen, T. Ikeda, S. Kakizawa, K. Onodera, D.L. Nelson, E. Mientjes, M. Joosten, E. De Schutter, B.A. Oostra, M. Ito, C.I. De Zeeuw
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Disease-associated mutations in CIAS1 induce cathepsin B–dependent rapid cell death of human THP-1 monocytic cells
Authors: Akihiro Fujisawa, Naotomo Kambe, Megumu Saito, Ryuta Nishikomori, Hideaki Tanizaki, Nobuo Kanazawa, Souichi Adachi, Toshio Heike, Junji Sagara, Takashi Suda, Tatsutoshi Nakahata, Yoshiki Miyachi
Journal: Blood (2006)
Magnetic Susceptibility and Electron Spin Resonance Absorption Spectra of Mouse Melanomas S91 and S91A&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Indumati L. Mulay, L. N. Mulay
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

A study of magnetic susceptibility and electron spin resonance (E.S.R.) spectra of Cloudman 591 and 591 A melanomas and various mouse tissues was correlated with trace-meted analysis and known biochemical reactions. Average magnetic moments obtained from temperature-dependence studies showed the following order for tissues: S91 > S91 A > leg muscle. These results indicated a similar order in the. relative concentration of magnetic species (free radicals and/or paramagnetic ions) and were Confirmed by E.S.R. The E.S.R. spectra cit: different power levels showed that the free radical activity cnul the Cu2+ and Fe3+ activity attributed to different signals was generally higher in S91 them in S91A, which did not show an Fe2+ type sisnal. Normal tissues such as liver, spleen, heart, kidney, brain, and leg muscle showed varying amounts of free radical activity but not signals attributable to paramagnetic ions. E.S.R. spectra and trace-metal analysis at different stages of S91, tumor growth indicated a systematic increase in the free rad cal activity, total copper and iron concentrations, and paramagnetic ions, presumed to be Cu2+ and Fe3+. The S91 A melanoma showed increase in total copper, but not in free radical and paramagnetic ion (Cu2+) activity, after the initial growth. Correlation of these findings with known biochemical reactions suggests that the free radical activity may be attributed partly to melanin and intermediates of various enzymatic reactions. Presumed paramagnetic ion activity cannot yet be ascribed to specific biostates.
Failure of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction in the phagocytic vacuoles of leukocytes in chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: David G. Nathan, Robert L. Baehner, Don K. Weaver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The leukocytes of patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) may be identified by their failure to reduce Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) during phagocytosis. This reaction, normally detected in the phagocytic vacuole, is absent or delayed in CGD monocytes and eosinophils as well as in neutrophils, even though sonicates of normal and CGD leukocytes contain equal activities of a cyanide insensitive enzyme system capable of reduction of NBT in the presence of pyridine nucleotide. Enlargement of CGD phagocytic vacuoles appears to be inhibited. Histochemical estimates of the rate of release of alkaline phosphatase are normal in CGD cells. Peroxidase activity is released from CGD cells, but the rate appears to be somewhat slower than normal in some cases. The latter observation may be explained by the increased intensity of the peroxidase stain in resting and phagocytizing CGD cells. The severity of the defect in NBT reduction within the phagocytic vacuoles of the leukocytes of patients and carriers is more variable than was previously appreciated. Some female carriers have profoundly reduced dye reduction and others are nearly indistinguishable from normal. Three brothers with CGD demonstrated significant, albeit delayed, NBT reduction in phagocytic vacuoles during prolonged incubation of their leukocytes. No obvious relationship exists, however, between the rate of reduction of NBT in vacuoles and the clinical severity of the disease.