tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rectus sheath haematoma in a canoeist.
Authors: N Maffulli, G J Petri, E Pintore
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

A 26-year-old male canoeist was referred with a 10-day history of abdominal pain, and a palpable mass in the left upper quadrant. No history of direct trauma was given. He was not taking any medication, and malignancy and inflammatory conditions were considered in the differential diagnosis. Ultrasonographic scan identified a mass originating in the rectus abdominis sheath. Ultrasonographically guided aspiration yielded some partially clotted blood, confirming the clinical diagnosis of rectus sheath haematoma. After conservative treatment, the patient resumed training, and is fully asymptomatic 1 year after discharge.
Determination of the Role of Target Tissue Metabolism in Lung Carcinogenesis Using Conditional Cytochrome <i>P</i>450 Reductase-Null Mice
Authors: Yan Weng, Cheng Fang, Robert J. Turesky, Melissa Behr, Laurence S. Kaminsky, Xinxin Ding
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Critical to mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis and the design of chemopreventive strategies is whether procarcinogen bioactivation in an extrahepatic target tissue (e.g., the lung) is essential for tumor formation. This study aims to develop a mouse model capable of revealing the role of pulmonary microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450)–mediated metabolic activation in xenobiotic-induced lung cancer. A novel triple transgenic mouse model, with the NADPH-P450 reductase (Cpr) gene deleted in a lung-specific and doxycycline-inducible fashion (lung-Cpr-null), was generated. CPR, the obligate electron donor for microsomal P450 enzymes, is essential for the bioactivation of many procarcinogens. The lung-Cpr-null mouse was studied to resolve whether pulmonary P450 plays a major role in 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1–(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)–induced lung cancer by producing carcinogenic metabolites in the target tissue. A liver-Cpr-null mouse was also studied to test whether hepatic P450 contributes predominantly to systemic clearance of NNK, thereby decreasing NNK-induced lung cancer. The numbers of NNK-induced lung tumors were reduced in the lung-Cpr-null mice but were increased in the liver-Cpr-null mice, relative to wild-type control mice. Decreased lung tumor multiplicity in the lung-Cpr-null mice correlated with reduced lung O6-methylguanine adduct levels, without decreases in NNK bioavailability, consistent with decreased NNK bioactivation in the lung. Moreover, lung tumors in lung-Cpr-null mice were positive for CPR expression, indicating that the tumors did not originate from Cpr-null cells. Thus, we have confirmed the essential role of pulmonary P450-mediated metabolic activation in NNK-induced lung cancer, and our mouse models should be applicable to studies on other procarcinogens that require P450-mediated metabolic activation. [Cancer Res 2007;67(16):7825–32]
Characterization of a new model of GM2-gangliosidosis (Sandhoff's disease) in Korat cats.
Authors: E A Neuwelt, W G Johnson, N K Blank, M A Pagel, C Maslen-McClure, M J McClure, P M Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We have detected a disorder in Korat cats (initially imported from Thailand) that is analogous to human Sandhoff's disease. Pedigree analysis indicates that this disease in an autosomal recessive disorder in the American Korat. Postmortem studies on one affected cat showed hepatomegaly that was not reported in the only other known feline model of GM2-gangliosidosis type II. Histologic and ultra-structural evaluation revealed typical storage vacuoles. There was a marked deficiency in the activity of hexosaminidase (HEX) A and B in affected brain and liver as compared to controls. Electrophoresis of a liver extract revealed a deficiency of normal HEX A and B in the affected animals. The blocking primary enzyme immunoassay verified the presence of antigenically reactive HEX present in affected cat livers in quantities slightly elevated with respect to the normal HEX concentration in control cats. In leukocytes, obligate heterozygotes had intermediate levels of total HEX activity with a slight increase in the percent activity due to HEX A. Indeed, 4 of 11 phenotypically normal animals in addition to four obligate heterozygotes appear to be carriers using this assay. Affected brain and liver compared with control brain and liver contained a great excess of bound N-acetylneuraminic acid in the Folch upper-phase solids; thin-layer chromatography showed a marked increase in GM2-ganglioside. In summary, we have characterized the pedigree, pathology, and biochemistry of a new feline model of GM2-gangliosidosis which is similar to but different from the only other known feline model.
microRNAome Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Comparison with Normal B-cell Subsets and Correlations with Prognostic and Clinical Parameters
Authors: Massimo Negrini, Giovanna Cutrona, Cristian Bassi, Sonia Fabris, Barbara Zagatti, Monica Colombo, Manuela Ferracin, Lucilla D'Abundo, Elena Saccenti, Serena Matis, Marta Lionetti, Luca Agnelli, Massimo Gentile, Anna Grazia Recchia, Sabrina Bossio, Daniele Reverberi, Gianmatteo Rigolin, George A. Calin, Silvia Sabbioni, Giandomenico Russo, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Fortunato Morabito, Manlio Ferrarini, Antonino Neri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Despite its indolent nature, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. To establish the potential pathogenic role of miRNAs, the identification of deregulated miRNAs in CLL is crucial. Experimental Design: We analyzed the expression of 723 mature miRNAs in 217 early-stage CLL cases and in various different normal B-cell subpopulations from tonsils and peripheral blood. Results: Our analyses indicated that CLL cells exhibited a miRNA expression pattern that was most similar to the subsets of antigen-experienced and marginal zone–like B cells. These normal subpopulations were used as reference to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in comparison with CLL. Differences related to the expression of 25 miRNAs were found to be independent from IGHV mutation status or cytogenetic aberrations. These differences, confirmed in an independent validation set, led to a novel comprehensive description of miRNAs potentially involved in CLL. We also identified miRNAs whose expression was distinctive of cases with mutated versus unmutated IGHV genes or cases with 13q, 11q, and 17p deletions and trisomy 12. Finally, analysis of clinical data in relation to miRNA expression revealed that miR26a, miR532-3p, miR146-5p, and miR29c* were strongly associated with progression-free survival. Conclusion: This study provides novel information on miRNAs expressed by CLL and normal B-cell subtypes, with implication on the cell of origin of CLL. In addition, our findings indicate a number of deregulated miRNAs in CLL, which may play a pathogenic role and promote disease progression. Collectively, this information can be used for developing miRNA-based therapeutic strategies in CLL. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 4141–53. ©2014 AACR.
Meckel's diverticulum: a systematic review
Authors: J. Sagar, V. Kumar, D K Shah
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital malformation of gastrointestinal tract. It can cause complications in the form of ulceration, haemorrhage, intussusception, intestinal obstruction, perforation and, very rarely, vesicodiverticular fistulae and tumours. These complications, especially bleeding, are more common in the paediatric age group than in adults; however it is not uncommon to miss the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum in adults. Here, we reviewed the literature regarding the complications of this forgotten clinical entity in adults with potential diagnostic difficulties and management strategies.
CALMETTE'S OPHTHALMO-REACTION
Authors: T. H. Butler
Journal: BMJ (1908)

e 'AL?T ¶tS HTHLMO'0W.! i8, :. itot disprove the existence 'of a body 'periodicity, they ,nd; to show the 'fMMrance of mu lar adtivity in deteruining the maximum of the diurnAl varkition.The temperatures in the case of H. P. after the raee are 4nteresting, and m followrs: TABLE IIl.
Variation of the Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 (TCF7L2) Gene Predicts Impaired Fasting Glucose in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Olli T. Raitakari, Tapani Rönnemaa, Risto Huupponen, Liisa Viikari, Meng Fan, Jukka Marniemi, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Terho Lehtimäkimd
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Recently, Grant et al. (1) reported an association between type 2 diabetes and variation in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene. Thereafter, the relation has been replicated in several populations (2–11). The mechanisms by which TCF7L2 variants contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes are incompletely understood. To gain insight on potential mechanisms, we examined the effects of TCF7L2 on the incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in young adults.

The Young Finns Study is a longitudinal study that included 3,596 healthy children and adolescents at baseline in 1980 (12–14). In the present analysis, we used data collected in 1986 and 2001 to assess the effect of the TCF7L2 gene on IFG incidence. Details of methods have been described (15–18). IFG was defined as fasting glucose 5.6–7.0 mmol/l (19,20). Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to assess β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (21). We genotyped two TCF7L2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): 47833C>T (rs7903146) and 98368G>T (rs12255372) (22). These two SNPs were shown to have robust associations with type 2 diabetes and were recommended to be genotyped in attempts at replication (1). Both genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Linkage …
MicroRNA-32 Upregulation by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells Leads to Bim Targeting and Inhibition of AraC-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Elzbieta Gocek, Xuening Wang, Xiuping Liu, Chang-Gong Liu, George P. Studzinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D) used to treat human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells induces features of normal monocytes, but the mechanisms underlying this response are not fully understood. We hypothesized that one or more microRNAs (miRNA) known to control mouse hematopoiesis and lineage commitment might contribute to the ability of 1,25D to control the malignant phenotype. Here we report that 1,25D markedly induces expression of miR-32 in human myeloid leukemia cells, in which it targets the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA encoding the proapoptotic factor Bim to reduce its expression. RNAi-mediated suppression of the miRNA-processing enzymes Drosha and Dicer increased Bim levels, in support of the concept that Bim is under miRNA control in AML cells. Antisense-mediated suppression of miR-32 was sufficient to upregulate Bim expression in AML cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of miR-32 downregulated Bim expression and increased the differentiation response to 1,25D treatment in a manner that was associated with increased cell survival. The positive effects of miR-32 on cell survival were confirmed by evidence of increased cell death in AML cells preexposed to antisense miR-32 before treatment with arabinocytosine, a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat human AML. Together, our findings indicate that miR-32 blockade is sufficient to elevate Bim expression and sensitize AML cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Thus, agents which can inhibit miR-32 expression may offer clinical utility by enhancing therapeutic efficacy in human AML.
Asthma, airway inflammation and epithelial damage in swimmers and cold-air athletes
Authors: V. Bougault, J. Turmel, J. St-Laurent, M. Bertrand, L-P. Boulet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Endurance athletes show an increased prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of training on airway responsiveness, inflammation and epithelial damage in swimmers and cold-air athletes. In total, 64 elite athletes (32 swimmers and 32 cold-air athletes), 32 mild asthmatic subjects and 32 healthy controls underwent allergy skin prick testing, methacholine challenge and induced sputum analysis. Overall, 69% of swimmers and 28% of cold-air athletes had airway hyperresponsiveness. Sputum neutrophil count correlated with the number of training hours per week in both swimmers and cold-air athletes. Eosinophil counts were higher in swimmers than in healthy subjects, although they were lower than in asthmatic subjects, and correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness in swimmers only. The eosinophil count in cold-air athletes was similar to that in healthy subjects. Bronchial epithelial cell count was not correlated with airway hyperresponsiveness but was significantly increased in swimmers, compared with healthy and asthmatic controls. In conclusion, the present authors observed significant airway inflammation only in competitive athletes with airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the majority of elite athletes showed evidence of bronchial epithelial damage that could possibly contribute to the development of airway hyperresponsiveness.
S48 Mucoidy and the microbiome: community composition in relation to the presence of culturable, mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: M. J. Cox, A. L. Jones, M. R. Loebinger, R. M. Duff, N. J. Simmonds, J. C. Davies, R. Wilson, E. W. Alton, W. O. C. M. Cookson, D. Bilton, M. F. Moffatt
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (BX) are chronic airway diseases with significant microbial involvement. The presence of mucoid <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (mPA) is associated with worse outcomes in these patients. We hypothesised that the presence of this organism would also influence the microbial community structure. We used high throughput sequencing to identify microorganisms present in sputum from these patients, and to associate culture data of mPA with this analysis. <h3>Methods</h3> Expectorated sputum was collected from 16 patients (9 CF, 7 BX) and DNA extracted using standard protocols. PCR of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and subsequent sequencing using a Roche 454 GS Junior sequencer was compared with standard clinical culture. Non-parametric t test was used to identify significant differential abundance of taxa in the molecular data (Bonferonni-corrected). <h3>Results</h3> In the pilot study, 35 000 high quality 16S rRNA sequences were generated and could be assigned to 240 different bacterial taxa. Both CF and BX samples were dominated by the γ-proteobacteria. The presence of culturable <i>P aeruginosa</i> in a sample had no significant effect on either community composition or structure. However, Principal Coordinate Analysis indicated that the presence of mPA in clinical culture was associated with a different community structure. Though there were no significant differences between the diversity of mPA positive samples (p&gt;0.15), there were significant differences in the abundance of particular species; <i>Achromobacter</i> spp. and <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. increased in relative abundance (p&lt;0.001 in each case) and <i>Haemophilus</i> spp., <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> spp. and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. decreased in mPA positive vs mPA negative samples (p&lt;0.001 in each case). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Deep sequencing of sputum samples from CF and BX patients revealed a relationship between culture positivity for mPA and the presence of other known pathogens such as <i>Achromobacter</i> spp., suggesting an alternative mechanism for worse outcomes in these patients. This pilot has been extended to a larger cohort of 120 patients in order to confirm the result and data will be presented at the meeting.
Reliabilities of Parsimony-based and Likelihood-based Methods for Detecting Positive Selection at Single Amino Acid Sites
Authors: Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Masatoshi Nei
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The reliabilities of parsimony-based and likelihood-based methods for inferring positive selection at single amino acid sites were studied using the nucleotide sequences of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, in which positive selection is known to be operating at the antigen recognition site. The results indicate that the inference by parsimony-based methods is robust to the use of different evolutionary models and generally more reliable than that by likelihood-based methods. In contrast, the results obtained by likelihood-based methods depend on the models and on the initial parameter values used. It is sometimes difficult to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates of parameters for a given model, and the results obtained may be false negatives or false positives depending on the initial parameter values. It is therefore preferable to use parsimony-based methods as long as the number of sequences is relatively large and the branch lengths of the phylogenetic tree are relatively small.
Successful treatment of severe respiratory papillomatosis with intravenous cidofovir and interferon α-2b
Authors: C. Armbruster, A. Kreuzer, H. Vorbach, M. Huber, C. Armbruster
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

In contrast to uncomplicated juvenile laryngeal papillomas which may regress spontaneously, papillomatosis involving pulmonary parenchyma is associated with a poor outcome. This report represents the case of a 34 yr-old female in whom respiratory papillomatosis resulted in voice problems and recurrent pneumonias due to bronchial obstruction. A computed tomographic scan of the chest showed worsening bilateral round cavitating consolidations. Bronchoscopy revealed polypoid lesions of the right vocal cord and the midtrachea which were confirmed as squamous papillomatosis by histology. Interferon (IFN)α-2b treatment was inefficient as was cidofovir monotherapy on a maintenance basis. Six months of IFN-α-2b and cidofovir in combination led to a complete macroscopic disappearance of the laryngeal lesions and to an impressive regression of the tracheal papillomas and of the intrapulmonary consolidations. These data provide support that severe respiratory papillomatosis can be safely treated by interferon α-2b and cidofovir in combination. Probably the same mechanisms as in ribavirin plus interferon α-2b, in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C, are responsible for the therapeutic success in this case.
Variations in trypsinogen expression may influence the protective effect of the p.G191R PRSS2 variant in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: F. U. Weiss, M. Sahin-Toth
Journal: Gut (2009)

The description of a family with inherited chronic relapsing pancreatitis by Comfort and Steinberg (1952) provided the first indication towards a possible genetic component in the aetiology of chronic pancreatitis (CP).1 Subsequent genetic linkage studies and candidate gene sequencing in families with hereditary CP led to the identification of autosomal dominant mutations in the cationic trypsinogen ( PRSS1 ) gene. Biochemical studies demonstrated that these mutations facilitated the activation of trypsinogen, suggesting that trypsinogen activation can trigger pancreatitis in humans, a concept previously proposed on the basis of animal experiments.2 Screening efforts for novel, CP-associated gene variants identified a number of other important genetic factors, which included loss-of-function variants in the genes for the serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC). In 2006 a surprising study by Witt and co-workers demonstrated that the p.G191R mutation in the anionic typsinogen ( PRSS2 ) gene conferred protection against chronic pancreatitis.3 In this European multicentre study the p.G191R mutation was detected in 1.3% of 2466 patients with CP and in 3.4% of 6459 healthy controls, indicating that subjects carrying a heterozygous p.G191R mutation have an approximately 3-fold decreased risk of developing CP compared to carriers of the wild-type allele. At the biochemical …
SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE FOR ANTIGENS CONTROLLED BY THE Ir REGION IN MICE
Authors: D. Götze, R. A. Reisfeld, J. Klein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Antibodies produced in B10.D2 mice against soluble lymphocyte membrane antigens of B10.A (H-2(a)) mice reacted only with lymphocytes of the strains carrying the Ir(k) region, i.e., B10.A(2R), B10.K, B10.BR, B10.HTT, AQR, A.TE, C3H, and CBA; they did not react with cells of strains carrying different Ir regions, i.e., B10.A(4R), B10, B10.M, A.SW, DBA/1. It is therefore concluded that the antigen detected with these antibodies is apparently controlled by the Ir region of the H-2 complex. The antigen is present on some T lymphocytes and absent on B lymphocytes. Its presence or absence seems to correlate with MLC and GVH reactivity.
HO-1, a new target of PPAR with 'anti-atherogenic' properties: is it the one?
Authors: N. Thorin-Trescases, E. Thorin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

While synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARα (fibrates) and PPARγ (thiazolinediones) agonists are used clinically in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia and diabetes, respectively, the function of PPARδ has not clearly been defined, although fatty acids and prostacyclin have been proposed to be endogenous PPARδ ligands.1 PPARs can exert positive and negative regulatory control over a range of genes involved in metabolism and inflammation,2–5 and thus their impact on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology is potentially enormous. Using synthetic PPARα and PPARγ ligands, Kronke et al .5 were the first to demonstrate in vitro that the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARs could be related to the up-regulation of one of the PPAR target genes, the haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible stress-response protein known for its cytoprotective functions.6,7

In the current issue, Ali et al .8 use an in vivo approach with the ‘en face’ measurement of aortic HO-1 expression from PPARδ ligand-treated mice to extend this concept by demonstrating that … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +1 514 376 3330; Fax: +1 514 376 1355, Email: eric.thorin{at}umontreal.ca
Nervous Manifestations of Infectious Hepatitis
Authors: W. F. T. McMath
Journal: BMJ (1955)

A deliberate search for such abnormalities is advisable before operative measures, such as creation of an artificial ductus arteriosus or pulmonary valvulotomy, are considered, as it has been found (Campbell and Deuchar, 1953) that the mortality in cases with complex lesions is rather high.I wish to thank the Director of Medical Services, Federation of Malaya, for permission to publish this case.I am also indebted to the staff of the x-ray department of the Malacca General Hospital for the radiograph, and to Dr.
Depression and Cognition in the Elderly
Authors: Sophia Wang, Dan G. Blazer
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2015)

This review provides an overview of the relationship between depression and cognition in the elderly, with an emphasis on psychotherapies and nonpharmacologic approaches. We first review the clinical presentation of late-life depression and comorbid cognitive impairment, as well as the epidemiology and risk factors for cognitive impairment in late-life depression and the temporal relationship between depression and cognitive impairment. Next, we discuss the salient topic of elderly suicide and cognitive impairment. We then touch briefly on the neuropsychological deficits, biomarkers, and neuroimaging findings in late-life depression with comorbid cognitive impairment. We then focus most of this review on psychotherapies and nontraditional treatments for late-life depression with comorbid cognitive impairment and examine what evidence, if any, exists of the cognitive and functional benefits of these treatments. Finally, we examine the cognitive effects of pharmacologic treatments and brain stimulation therapies.