tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Profiles and predictors of assaultiveness for different psychiatric ward populations
Authors: R J Miller, K Zadolinnyj, R J Hafner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors examined associations between patient-related characteristics and assaultiveness on six different psychiatric wards to determine 1) the relative contributions of demographic, disorder-related, and diagnostic variables to prediction of assaultiveness and 2) how ward composition and type of victim affect prediction of assaultiveness.Hospital records of 1,025 inpatients residing in psychiatric wards within a 6-month time frame were reviewed for evidence of assaultiveness. Data on all 260 assaultive patients and a sample of 136 of the nonassaultive patients were analyzed with multiple regression to predict assaultiveness scores for each ward and each victim category.The findings indicated high rates of assaultive patients and assaults on fellow patients. Multiple regression results produced different predictors of assaultiveness for different wards but not for different categories of assault victim within each ward. Overall, age and sex consistently failed to predict assaultiveness, whereas greater assaultiveness was significantly associated with a greater proportion of time hospitalized since first admission. The most powerful unique predictors of assaultiveness scores were diagnostic distinctions derived from data on coexistent diagnoses. The most assaults were by acute patients whose diagnoses excluded organic mental disorder but included either bipolar disorder or personality disorder and longer-stay patients whose exclusive diagnosis was organic mental disorder.This identification, albeit modest, of risk factors for assaultiveness on different wards nevertheless provides information fundamental to the management policies of psychiatric institutions. The findings caution against aggregating different ward populations for research on assaultiveness and endorse the usefulness of coexistent diagnoses for predicting assaultiveness.
Factors associated with increasing rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.
Authors: Danny Yakoub, Eli Avisar, Tulay Koru-Sengul, Feng Miao, Stacey L. Tannenbaum, Margaret M Byrne, Frederick L. Moffat, Alan S Livingstone, Dido Franceschi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

57 Background: Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) is an option increasingly used by women who wish to reduce their risk of breast cancer or its local recurrence. There is limited data on demographic differences among patients who choose to undergo this procedure. Methods: The population-based Florida cancer registry, Florida’s Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA) data, and U.S. census data were linked and queried for patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 1996 to 2009. The main outcome variable was the rate of CPM in those with a single unilateral cancer diagnosis. Primary predictors were race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), marital status, and insurance status. Results: The rates of CPM rose from 2% in 1996 to 4.8% in 2006 up to 8% in 2009. The population studied was 91.1% white and 7.5% black; 89.1% non-Hispanic and 10.9% Hispanic. Out of 21,608 included patients, 837 (3.9%) underwent CPM. Significantly more white than black (3.9 versus 2.8%; p &lt; 0.001) and more Hispanic than non-Hispanic (4.5 versus 3.8%; p = 0.0909) underwent CPM. Those in the highest SES category had higher rates of CPM compared to the lowest SES category (5.3 versus 2.9%; p &lt; 0.001). In multivariate analyses, Blacks and uninsured patients had significantly less CPM compared to whites and private patients (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.42- 0.83, p = 0.002) and (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.36- 0.98, p = 0.043), respectively. Conclusions: CPM rates are significantly increasing; these rates were significantly different among patients of different race, socioeconomic class, and insurance coverage. This observation is not accounted for by population distribution, incidence or disease stage. More in-depth study of the causes of this increase and the disparities in healthcare delivery is critically needed.
Exertional dyspnoea, dynamic hyperinflation and respiratory muscle function in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAHi)
Authors: Pierantonio Laveneziana, Gilles Garcia, Marc Humbert, Christian Straus, Thomas Similowski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Despite the absence of spirometric obstruction, PAHi patients may exhibit a reduction in inspiratory capacity (IC) during exercise which could contribute to increased exertional dyspnoea. Whether the reduced IC is related to reduced expiratory flows in tidal operating range or to overt inspiratory muscle dysfunction is unknown. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships between inspiratory muscle function, change in IC and the intensity of dyspnoea in PAHi patients during symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary cycle exercise test (CPET).  Maximal inspiratory sniff pressure (Poes sniff ), Poes changes during IC manoeuvers (Poes IC ), IC and dyspnoea intensity (Borg scale) were obtained during CPET in 10 non-smokers PAHi patients.  IC decreased progressively throughout CPET in 5 PAHi (average 0.50L, PAH-hyperinflators), whereas it increased in the remainder (average 0.40L, PAHi-non-hyperinflators). No differences in anthropometric and spirometric variables were found between the two groups.Poes sniff  was not significantly different before and after CPET or between the two groups. Poes IC  did not change significantly during exercise within and between the two groups. Despite similarities in Poes-derived measurements, dyspnoea intensity was greater in PAHi-hyperinflators during exercise compared with PAHi-non-hyperinflators.  Inspiratory muscle function was similar and preserved in both groups despite greater changes (reduction) in IC during exercise in PAHi-hyperinflators. The reduction of IC during exercise was independent of inspiratory muscle function and contributed to the greater exertional dyspnoea intensity in PAHi-hyperinflators.
Karyotype of the Syrian Hamster&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John M. Lehman, Ian MacPherson, Paul S. Moorhead
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

As a preliminary to studies on malignancy and transformation in vitro by polyoma virus, karyotypic comparisons were made between representative metaphases obtained from inbred Syrian hamster strains CB, MHA, and LSH and the noninbred stock LAKEVIEW. A karyotype of the CB strain was prepared from bone marrow and tissue-cultured embryonic cells and is presented as a standard. Of the 22 chromosome pairs, 8 could readily be identified individually. Between strains, a minor variation in chromosome #1 was noted. In addition, an anomalous sex chromosome constitution was found in hamsters obtained from noninbred stock source LENZIE. Different animals from the LENZIE source revealed 2 apparent forms of the Y chromosome, one a long telocentric and the other a medium-sized metacentric. The latter form of the Y was characteristic of the CB inbred strain and also of the other 3 hamster stocks studied. Recently published interpretations of the Y chromosome of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) are compared with this CB karyotype.
Expansion of an unstable trinucleotide CAG repeat in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
Authors: Harry T. Orr, Ming-yi Chung, Sandro Banfi, Thomas J. Kwiatkowski, Antonio Servadio, Arthur L. Beaudet, Alanna E. McCall, Lisa A. Duvick, Laura P. W. Ranum, Huda Y. Zoghbi
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Altered haemodynamic response to norepinephrine following diesel exhaust inhalation
Authors: Jon Unosson, Jenny Bosson, Jeremy Langrish, Jamshid Pourazar, Ala Muala, Anders Blomberg, Nicholas Mills, Thomas Sandström, David Newby
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Exposure to particulate air pollution, of which diesel exhaust (DE) is a major component, increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although the underlying mechanisms of these effects are not fully understood, there are reports of increased blood pressure and reduced heart rate variability consistent with altered autonomic nervous function following exposure to particulate air pollution.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that exposure to DE alters the haemodynamic response to systemic infusion of norepinephrine (NE).

Methods: In a randomized double-blind crossover study, 14 healthy non-smoking volunteers were exposed to dilute diesel exhaust or filtered air for one hour during intermittent exercise. Two hours after the exposure, the subjects received intravenous infusions of NE (50 ng/kg/min over 15 mins) and the haemodynamic response was assessed using invasive blood pressure, pulse wave velocity and thoracic bioimpedance.

Results: In comparison to filtered air, cardiac index was reduced (P=0.027) and systemic vascular resistance was increased (P<0.0001) following DE exposure. Despite this, the vasopressor response to infused NE was attenuated: increases in mean arterial pressure and pulse wave velocity were both reduced (P<0.0001 for both) whilst changes in heart rate were similar (P=0.28).

Conclusions: Our results show unexpected haemodynamic responses to NE after exposure to dilute DE, with both attenuated vasopressor responses and an inhibitory effect on cardiac index. These novel findings suggest that DE inhalation alters the cardiovascular response to adregenic stimulation, which could represent an effect on the autonomic nervous system.
Prediction of survival in individual patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: G. D. Francis, S. R. Stein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9680 Background: Currently, the most important prognostic markers for breast carcinoma are the components of the staging system . The usefulness of these conventional indicators is limited and more than 100 prognostic variables have been described to attempt to improve the prognostic accuracy. A neural network model was developed to predict prognosis in breast cancer patients using multiple conventional and novel prognostic biomarkers. Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue was collected from 144 patients. Putative predictive antigens including ER, PR, HER-2, p53, MIB1, microvessel density, Rb1, nm23, KAI1, CD9 and p27 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Patients were partitioned into training and testing sets using time as an input variable and overall survival as the single output node. 20% of the data was used for a validation set. Twenty-two patients died from disease. Individual survival curves were then evaluated for each patient. Treatment options were utilised in the final model. A further 14 patients who were not included in the initial database were used to validate the model. Results: The correlation between the actual survival and predicted survival for the 144 patients is indicated in the Table. Of the 14 test patients, one was alive at 28 months (survival probability 1), one was alive at 30 months (survival probability 0.87), one was deceased at 60 months (survival probability 0.02) and 11 patients were alive at 60 months (survival probability for 8 patients 1 and 0.94, 0.77 and 0.1 for the remaining 3 patients). Altering the treatment options results in a modified probability for the patient increasing the probability of survival for Patient 3 from 0.77 to 1 at 60 months with the addition of CMF chemotherapy. Conclusions: Artificial neural networks can be used to predict probability survival curves for individual breast cancer patients and the effect of treatment options can be evaluated using these models. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 18570: Intronic SCARB1 (Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I, SR-BI) rs10846744 Variant Mediates Functional Effect by Enhancer Activity
Authors: Rashid Ali, Antonina Kolmakova, Lane Christenson, Annabelle Rodriguez
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objective: We previously reported the significant association of SCARB1 intronic rs10846744 in reducing odds ratio for incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Using in vitro and ex vivo approaches, we sought to define the underlining molecular mechanism for this clinical association. Methods and results: Using publicly available genome databases, a bioinformatic screen revealed that rs10846744 resided in a region exhibiting DNase I hypersensitivity and H3K4me1 chromatin methylation markers. Gel shift assays revealed significantly lower binding of nuclear proteins to the probe expressing the risk C allele for CHD ( p &lt;0.001). Yeast-One Hybrid screening revealed NR2F2 as a candidate transcription factor (TF), while bioinformatic screens (HaploReg v2) predicted binding of multiple TFs such as AP2[[Unable to Display Character: 𝛄]], Max, ERα, FOXA1, GATA3 and p300 to this region. Using RNA Seq, we confirmed that lymphocytes isolated from hyperalphalipoproteinemic (HALP) carriers of the risk C allele had significantly higher NR2F2 expression (6.3-fold upregulated, p &lt;0.001). Interestingly, under basal conditions rs10846744 did not significantly regulate SR-BI RNA and protein expression in these lymphocytes. Global metabolic profiling from plasma samples of HALP carriers of the risk C allele had significantly higher markers of oxidative stress (42% higher cysteinyl-glycine, oxidized, p =0.0136, q =0.2437) and lower levels of lysolipids (46% lower, p =0.0043, q =0.1605). Conclusion: The intronic rs10846744 variant resides within a functionally active regulatory region of SCARB1 , without directly regulating SR-BI expression itself. Our results confirm the importance of dissecting the pathway by which this region influences CHD.
Vitamin D–Binding Protein Concentrations Quantified by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Andrew N Hoofnagle, John H Eckfeldt, Pamela L Lutsey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

In his Perspective article (June 25 issue), 1 Ubel contends that the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines fail to consider patient preferences and values.Clinical practice guidelines are designed to assist physicians and patients in decision making in specific clinical circumstances and do not remove the physician's or patient's autonomy in decision making, nor do they eliminate the need for shared decision making between patient and physician.The NCCN guidelines were the first in oncology to incorporate patient preference in decision making.Patient advocates with full voice and vote serve on many NCCN guidelines panels, transparency procedures are in place, and the NCCN has patient versions of selected guidelines.The NCCN is developing evidence blocks to provide patients and physicians with additional information that will stimulate discussion on patient preferences and values.These evidence blocks provide information on options for therapy, including efficacy, safety (toxicity), quality of data, consistency of data, and affordability (cost).The NCCN shares Ubel's conviction that patient preferences and values should be incorporated into the application of clinical practice guidelines and is actively evolving the NCCN guidelines to better accomplish that goal.
Reporting the results of randomized trials of empiric antibiotics in febrile neutropenic patients--a critical survey.
Authors: J L Pater, L Weir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Twenty-one randomized trials of empiric antibiotic therapy in febrile neutropenic patients were reviewed and scored by methods suggested by Chalmers. In general, the scores were low, indicating that many of these articles failed to meet currently suggested methodologic standards for publication of results of clinical trials. Particularly striking was the lack of attention paid to statistical issues, such as power, exclusions, and repeated analyses. In addition, there appears to be a need for a better-developed system for assessing response in these circumstances.
Evolution and phylogenetic information content of the ITS-1 region in the tiger beetle Cicindela dorsalis.
Authors: A P Vogler, R DeSalle
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1994)

Sequence divergence in the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS-1) of the ribosomal DNA locus was assessed in subspecies of the coastal North American tiger beetle, Cicindela dorsalis. The spacer region was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and cloned for sequencing. Of a total of 50 clones obtained from 12 specimens, 42 clones were different in at least one nucleotide position. In a parsimony analysis of these sequences, the main phylogenetic distinction was found to separate sequences from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Within these two assemblages phylogenetic resolution was low, and the variation within individuals was almost as high as the variation within the entire lineage. The pattern of sequence variation suggests the existence of two forms of the ITS-1 that are maintained on different chromosomes. Polymorphisms of limited geographical distribution could be detected, and 41 additional clones were partly sequenced, to assess the geographic distribution of these polymorphisms in more detail. In a population aggregation analysis, the geographic pattern of ITS-1 distribution was basically congruent with that obtained in earlier studies from mitochondrial DNA in the same C. dorsalis populations.
Surgical adjuvant therapy of large-bowel carcinoma: an evaluation of levamisole and the combination of levamisole and fluorouracil. The North Central Cancer Treatment Group and the Mayo Clinic.
Authors: J A Laurie, C G Moertel, T R Fleming, H S Wieand, J E Leigh, J Rubin, G W McCormack, J B Gerstner, J E Krook, J Malliard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

A total of 401 eligible patients with resected stages B and C colorectal carcinoma were randomly assigned to no-further therapy or to adjuvant treatment with either levamisole alone, 150 mg/d for 3 days every 2 weeks for 1 year, or levamisole plus fluorouracil (5-FU), 450 mg/m2/d intravenously (IV) for 5 days and beginning at 28 days, 450 mg/m2 weekly for 1 year. Levamisole plus 5-FU, and to a lesser extent levamisole alone, reduced cancer recurrence in comparison with no adjuvant therapy. These differences, after correction for imbalances in prognostic variables, were only suggestive for levamisole alone (P = .05) but quite significant for levamisole plus 5-FU (P = .003). Whereas both treatment regimens were associated with overall improvements in survival, these improvements reached borderline significance only for stage C patients treated with levamisole plus 5-FU (P = .03). Therapy was clinically tolerable with either regimen and severe toxicity was uncommon. These promising results have led to a large national intergroup confirmatory trial currently in progress.
Predictors of outcome in children with Langerhan's cell histiocytosis
Authors: R. F. Jubran, A. Marachelian, F. Dorey, M. Malogolowkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8550 Background:Analysis of the clinical course of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH). Methods:We conducted a retrospective chart review of 132 patients treated at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles for LCH from 1984 to 2001. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically in all cases. Age at first diagnosis, number of bone lesions involved, organ involvement, and outcomes after initial therapy were evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups: Patients with single bone lesions at presentation, patients with multiple bone lesions at presentation and patients with multiple organ involvement. Results:The mean age at presentation was five years in patients with bone disease only as compared with two years in patients with other organs involved. Patients were either treated with surgical curettage, chemotherapy, and or external beam radiation. The risk for reactivation after initial management is significantly higher for patients with multiple bone and those with multiple organ involvement as compared with patients who had a single lesion at presentation. Hazard raios are 7.1 and 11.6 respectively. However the risk of death or progression is highest in patients with multiple organ involvement. Patients younger than one year of age in the multiple organ group have a significant increased risk of death at two years when compared with older patients in that group (hazard ratio=6.2, p=0.022). Endocrine abnormalities due to pituitary dysfunction were seen in 20% and 7.5% of the patients with or without skull lesions respectively. In addition, more patients with multiple organ involvement developed endocrine abnormalities when compared with the other two groups (p0.001). Conclusions: Patients with LCH involving only the bones have a significantly better outcome than those with multiple organ involvement. However, the rate of reactivation after initial therapy is significantly higher for patients with multiple bone involvement as compared with patients in the single bone lesion group. Patients with multiple organ involvement who are less than one year of age are at particular high risk of death and should be approached more aggressively upfront. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Visual complications in childhood cancer survivors: A Childhood Cancer Survivor Study report
Authors: K. Whelan, A. Mertens, R. Castleberry, P. Mitby, T. Kawashima, C. Sklar, R. Packer, J. Waterbor, J. Blatt, L. Robison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

9006 Background: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) is an NIH funded project (U01-CA 55727) designed to study the effects of childhood cancer treatment on long- term survivors. Previous studies have found associations between certain cancer therapies and visual complications. Methods: The CCSS is a retrospective cohort study investigating health outcomes of long-term survivors (&gt; 5 years) diagnosed and treated between 1970 and 1986 compared to a randomly selected sibling cohort. Questionnaires were completed by 14,362 survivors of childhood cancer and 3,901 sibling controls. Analysis determined the first occurrence of 8 visual conditions in 3 time periods: during therapy, end of therapy to 5 years post diagnosis, and greater than or equal to 5 years post diagnosis. Multivariate analyses, adjusting for current age and gender, determined the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of visual conditions by treatment exposure. Results: Survivors had statistically significant increases in the RR of cataracts, glaucoma, legal blindness, double vision, retinal condition, and dry eyes, across all time periods, when compared to siblings. During the time period of 5 or more years post-diagnosis, statistically significant positive associations were present for cataracts and other head radiation, craniospinal radiation, total body radiation, and prednisone; glaucoma and craniospinal radiation; double vision and craniospinal radiation; legally blind and other head radiation and craniospinal radiation; and dry eyes and other head radiation, total body radiation, and dexamethasone. There were no statistically significant associations between treatment factors and retinal conditions. Conclusions: Childhood cancer survivors are at risk of developing visual complications and treatment related factors are important determinants of this risk. Follow-up is needed to evaluate the impact of visual conditions on quality of life. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Evaluation of Antibody, Cytokine and Mirnas in Patients with Ige-Mediated and Non-IgE Mediated Rhinitis in Brazilian Subjects Triggered By House Dust Allergen Exposure
Authors: Ernesto A. Taketomi, Juliana S. Miranda, Jair Cunha-Júnior, Ana C.A.M. Pajuaba
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)