tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Imaging the Single Cell Dynamics of CD4+ T Cell Activation by Dendritic Cells in Lymph Nodes
Authors: Mark J. Miller, Olga Safrina, Ian Parker, Michael D. Cahalan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

The adaptive immune response is initiated in secondary lymphoid organs by contact between antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. However, there is scant information regarding the single cell dynamics of this process in vivo. Using two-photon microscopy, we imaged the real-time behavior of naive CD4+ T cells and in vivo–labeled DCs in lymph nodes during a robust T cell response. In the first 2 h after entry into lymph nodes, T cells made short-lived contacts with antigen-bearing DCs, each contact lasting an average of 11–12 min and occurring mainly on dendrites. Altered patterns of T cell motility during this early stage of antigen recognition promoted serial engagement with several adjacent DCs. Subsequently, T cell behavior progressed through additional distinct stages, including long-lived clusters, dynamic swarms, and finally autonomous migration punctuated by cell division. These observations suggest that the immunological synapse in native tissues is remarkably fluid, and that stable synapses form only at specific stages of antigen presentation to T cells. Furthermore, the serial nature of these interactions implies that T cells activate by way of multiple antigen recognition events.
Functional Neuroanatomy of Successful Paired Associate Learning in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Rebecca L Gould, Richard G Brown, Adrian M Owen, Edward T Bullmore, Steven C R Williams, Robert J Howard
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to develop a strategy for functional imaging of neurodegenerative disorders that overcomes confounds associated with differential performance between patient and comparison groups. METHOD: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine responses to increasing difficulty of visuospatial paired associate learning in 12 patients with mild probable Alzheimer's disease and 12 age-matched healthy comparison subjects. Performance was matched across groups by only examining successful encoding and retrieval attempts. Adjustment for task difficulty was made on an individual basis so that the patients with Alzheimer's disease and the comparison subjects performed at the same relative levels of difficulty. RESULTS: A network of lateral and medial frontoparietal and occipital regions was engaged in all subjects during successful associative learning. As task difficulty increased, blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses increased linearly in occipitoparietal regions during encoding and retrieval. Differential activations in patients with Alzheimer's disease and comparison subjects were small and were found only when an uncorrected statistical threshold was used. CONCLUSIONS: By controlling for confounds of varying task difficulty and subsequent performance, remarkably similar brain activations were identified during successful paired associate learning in patients with Alzheimer's disease and in healthy comparison subjects. The study methods provide a useful model for further applications of functional imaging involving cognitive activation paradigms in the study of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Characterization of Unique Signature Sequences in the Divergent Maternal Protein Bcl2l10
Authors: Y. Guillemin, A. Cornut-Thibaut, G. Gillet, F. Penin, A. Aouacheria
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Insertions or deletions (indels) of amino acids residues have been recognized as an important source of genetic and structural divergence between paralogous Bcl-2 family members. However, these signature sequences have not so far been extensively investigated amongst orthologous Bcl-2 family proteins. Bcl2l10 is an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that has evolved rapidly throughout the vertebrate lineage and which shows conserved abundant expression in eggs and oocytes. In this paper, we have unraveled two major sites of divergence between human Bcl2l10 and its vertebrate homologs. The first one provides length variation at the N-terminus (before the BH4 domain) and the second one is located between the predicted α5–α6 pore-forming helices, providing an unprecedented case in the superfamily of helix-bundled pore-forming proteins. These two particular indels were studied phylogenetically and through biochemical and cell biological techniques, including truncation and site-directed mutagenesis. While deletion of the N-terminal extension had no significant functional impact in HeLa cells, our results suggest that the human Bcl2l10 protein evolved a calcium-binding motif in its α5–α6 interhelical region by acquiring critical negatively charged residues. Considering the reliance of female eggs on calcium-dependent proteins and calcium-regulated processes and the exceptional longevity of oocytes in the primate lineage, we propose that this microstructural variation may be an adaptive feature associated with high maternal expression of this Bcl-2 family member.
Abstract 3657: Non-pulsatile Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Patients Have Exaggerated Hemodynamic and Autonomic Responses to Head up Tilting Compared to Pulsatile LVAD Patients and Controls
Authors: David W Markham, Qi Fu, Eric Pacini, Paul Bhella, Nicole Minniefield, Liseth F Metzemaekers, Dominik Ridder, M M Galbreath, Dean Palmer, Shigeki Shibata, Rong Zhang, Brian T Bethea, Dan M Meyer, Parag C Patel, Mark H Drazner, Benjamin D Levine
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction: The physiologic and hemodynamic differences between patients with pulsatile and non-pulsatile (axial flow) left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are largely unknown. We characterize...
EEG frequency and the size of cognitive neuronal assemblies
Authors: Astrid von Stein, Johannes Sarnthein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

We have performed a set of experiments that correlate EEG spectral parameters with cognitive functions. The tasks (visual perception, supramodal object recognition, short-term memory) were chosen so that the cortical area involved extended over different length scales. The extent of the cognitive neuronal assemblies correlated inversely with the frequency where EEG synchronization was found. This provides a further relation between experiment and the theory put forward in the Nunez target article.
Association of the percentage of peripheral lymphocytes with disease severity and nutritional status in patients with COPD
Authors: Ryuko Furutate, Kouichi Yamada, Takeo Ishii, Takashi Motegi, Kumiko Hattori, Yuji Kusunoki, Akihiko Gemma, Kozui Kida
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  Several studies have suggested that a low percentage of peripheral lymphocytes (LYM%) is associated with malnutrition, inflammation, and mortality in diseases such as cancer and chronic kidney disease. In COPD cases, malnutrition is very common, and its prevalence increases with disease severity.   Objectives:  We evaluated whether the LYM% is associated with disease severity and nutritional status in patients with COPD.   Methods:  We recruited clinically stable male outpatients with COPD for a cross-sectional study. We conducted the following examinations: blood tests, pulmonary function tests, pulmonary computed tomography image analyses, anthropometric measurements, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and dyspnoea evaluation. We examined the correlations between the LYM% and the clinical variables.   Results:  We evaluated 72 patients (mean age, 70.6 years). The LYM% was significantly correlated with FEV1% predicted (Pearson9s coefficient, r = 0.496; p  2  = 0.252).   Conclusions:  A low LYM% is associated with impaired nutritional status, exercise capacity, and pulmonary function. The LYM% may serve as a clinically convenient and useful biomarker for predicting disease severity in patients with COPD.
Relationship between supramaximal flow during cough and mortality in motor neurone disease
Authors: M.B. Chaudri, C. Liu, R. Hubbard, D. Jefferson, W.J. Kinnear
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The main function of cough is clearance of intrathoracic airways. A normal cough is characterized by a transient increase in expiratory flow above the maximal flow-volume loop envelope, known as cough "spikes". They may be absent in patients with motor neurone disease. The relationship between cough pattern, pulmonary function and survival was studied. Fifty-three patients were recruited (25 bulbar). Vital capacity, maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures and cough flow/volume curves were performed on all patients, and the presence or absence of spikes were recorded. The primary endpoints were mortality or initiation of ventilatory support over a period of 18 months. Thirty-five patients died over the 18-month period of the study (including the six who were started on noninvasive ventilation). Twelve of the 24 patients with spikes died compared to 23 out of 29 patients without spikes (p&lt;0.05). Patients without spikes were more likely to be bulbar on clinical grounds (p&lt;0.0001) and had poorer lung function. The results showed an association between the absence of cough spikes and increased mortality. However the main determinants of survival in motor neurone disease are age, vital capacity and inspiratory mouth pressure, and it remains to be shown whether regular monitoring of cough conveys any additional advantage.
TLR9- and Src-dependent expression of Krueppel-like factor 4 controls interleukin-10 expression in pneumonia
Authors: Janine Zahlten, Robert Steinicke, Wilhelm Bertrams, Andreas C. Hocke, Stefanie Scharf, Bernd Schmeck, Martin Witzenrath, Sven Hammerschmidt, Norbert Suttorp, Stefan Hippenstiel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The release of potent pro-inflammatory mediators is crucial to mounting an efficient host response during infection. However, excessive inflammation may lead to deleterious tissue damage. This is highlighted in severe pneumococcal pneumonia, in which the delicate balance between a robust inflammatory response necessary to kill pneumococci and the loss of organ function determines the outcome of the disease. We assessed the regulation of the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 in pneumococcal infection via Western blot, ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Streptococcus pneumoniae induced IL-10 expression in mouse lungs and human lung epithelial cells. Pneumococcal infection resulted in a strong induction of Krueppel-like factor (KLF)4 expression in vivo and in vitro . The induction of both IL-10 and KLF4 is mediated by a pathway involving bacterial DNA, Toll-like receptor (TLR)9, MyD88 and Src kinase. KLF4 is recruited to the il10 promoter, and small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of KLF4 expression blocked IL-10 expression during pneumococcal infection. In conclusion, KLF4 is induced in a bacterial DNA–TLR9–Src-dependent manner and regulates IL-10 expression, linking the detection of bacterial DNA by TLR9 to the control of an inflammatory response.
Prevalence and clinical course of hepatitis delta infection in Greece: A 13-year prospective study
Authors: Emanuel K. Manesis, Georgia Vourli, George Dalekos, Themistoclis Vasiliadis, Nina Manolaki, Athina Hounta, Sotirios Koutsounas, Irini Vafiadis, Georgia Nikolopoulou, Gregory Giannoulis, George Germanidis, George Papatheodoridis, Giota Touloumi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Bacteriology of Infected Cavitating Lung Tumor
Authors: WEI-YU LIAO, YUANG-SHUANG LIAW, HAO-CHIEN WANG, KUAN-YU CHEN, KWEN-TAY LUH, PAN-CHYR YANG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Differentiation between in situ infection and simple tumor necrosis in cavitating lung tumors by means of imaging studies is difficult. In this study, we prospectively investigated the role of ultrasound (US)-guided transthoracic aspiration for bacteriologic examination of infected cavitating lung tumors, and the influence of the culture results on the treatment of patients. Twenty-two patients (18 men and four women) with cavitating lung tumors treated from January 1996 to October 1998 were included. All patients underwent US-guided transthoracic aspiration for bacterial, fungal, and mycobacterial cultures. Microorganisms were isolated from six of seven febrile patients and one of 15 nonfebrile patients. A total of nine pathogens were isolated from seven patients: Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3); Haemophilus influenzae (n = 2); Enterococcus faecium (n = 1); Bifidobacterium (n = 1); Shewanella putrefaciens (n = 1); and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 1). Two pathogens were isolated from the aspirate cultures in two patients, while the others had monomicrobial infection. The six febrile patients who had positive lung aspirate cultures were treated with empiric antimicrobial agents before the culture results were available, and the culture results led to adjustment of the antibiotic regimen in five of these. The clinical conditions of the six patients with infected cavitating lung tumors improved after the initiation of individualized antimicrobial treatment. Pneumothorax occurred in one patient, and was the sole procedure-related complication. In conclusion, US-guided transthoracic aspiration is helpful for differentiating infected cavitating lung tumors from simple tumor necrosis. Infection in cavitating lung tumors is common among febrile patients, and the culture results can guide modification of the antimicrobial therapy.
Atypical ossification in bronchial carcinoid
Authors: L Vanmaele, M Noppen, N Frecourt, N Impens, B Welch, W Schandevijl
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

A patient is described with bronchial carcinoid and ossification in the surrounding bronchial wall. The osseous metaplasia was the only histologic abnormality discovered in bronchial biopsy specimens taken pre-operatively. We propose that underlying bronchial carcinoid tumour should be considered in isolated bronchial or bronchopulmonary ossification.
Quantitative analysis of nucleoside transporter and metabolism gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): identification of fludarabine-sensitive and -insensitive populations
Authors: John R. Mackey, Carlos M. Galmarini, Kathryn A. Graham, Anil A. Joy, Alain Delmer, Laith Dabbagh, Darryl Glubrecht, Lawrence D. Jewell, Raymond Lai, Thack Lang, John Hanson, James D. Young, Helene Merle-Béral, Jacques L. Binet, Carol E. Cass, Charles Dumontet
Journal: Blood (2004)
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2006 Update of the Breast Cancer Follow-Up and Management Guidelines in the Adjuvant Setting
Authors: James L. Khatcheressian, Antonio C. Wolff, Thomas J. Smith, Eva Grunfeld, Hyman B. Muss, Victor G. Vogel, Francine Halberg, Mark R. Somerfield, Nancy E. Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

To update the 1999 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guideline on breast cancer follow-up and management in the adjuvant setting.An ASCO Expert Panel reviewed pertinent information from the literature through March 2006. More weight was given to studies that tested a hypothesis directly relating testing to one of the primary outcomes in a randomized design.The evidence supports regular history, physical examination, and mammography as the cornerstone of appropriate breast cancer follow-up. All patients should have a careful history and physical examination performed by a physician experienced in the surveillance of cancer patients and in breast examination. Examinations should be performed every 3 to 6 months for the first 3 years, every 6 to 12 months for years 4 and 5, and annually thereafter. For those who have undergone breast-conserving surgery, a post-treatment mammogram should be obtained 1 year after the initial mammogram and at least 6 months after completion of radiation therapy. Thereafter, unless otherwise indicated, a yearly mammographic evaluation should be performed. Patients at high risk for familial breast cancer syndromes should be referred for genetic counseling. The use of CBCs, chemistry panels, bone scans, chest radiographs, liver ultrasounds, computed tomography scans, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, or tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 15-3, and CA 27.29) is not recommended for routine breast cancer follow-up in an otherwise asymptomatic patient with no specific findings on clinical examination.Careful history taking, physical examination, and regular mammography are recommended for appropriate detection of breast cancer recurrence.
Pulsatile pressure-flow relations and pulse-wave propagation in the umbilical circulation of fetal sheep.
Authors: S L Adamson, K J Whiteley, B L Langille
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The relations between pulsatile pressures and flows in the umbilico-placental circulation have been investigated using chronically instrumented fetal sheep. Under resting conditions, mean arterial pressure fell by 30 +/- 6%, from 44 +/- 2 to 31 +/- 2 mm Hg between the aortic termination and the arteries feeding the cotyledons, and pressure waves were substantially damped during propagation between the two recording sites. This high flow resistance and wave attenuation are attributed to the very thick walls and extreme length of the umbilical arteries. Unique relations between pulsatile components of pressure and flow, characterized as vascular impedance spectra, were also observed. At rest, impedance to pulsatile flow was only slightly below resistance to steady flow, and impedance phase was positive at low frequencies. Pulse-wave reflections had more modest effects in this bed than others. Thus, oscillations in impedance spectra and percent wave transmission with increasing frequency, which are widely accepted manifestations of wave reflections, were relatively small. Positive impedance phases at low frequencies indicated that novel mechanisms influence phase relations between pressure and flow. A significant vascular compliance residing in the peripheral vascular beds could account for this findings. The vasodilator nitroprusside enhanced wave-reflection effects, whereas the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II reduced these effects. These changes were opposite to the effects of vasoactive substances in other systems, probably because these drugs act predominantly on the supply (umbilical) arteries rather than on the peripheral placental vasculature. When peripheral vascular resistance was selectively elevated by infusing 50-microns microspheres, reflection effects were enhanced: the pressure pulse in the umbilical artery was transmitted without attenuation, or was amplified, and impedance spectra more closely resembled patterns typical of other vascular beds. Specifically, impedance modulus fell sharply with increasing frequency, and impedance phase was negative at low frequency. In addition, we observed coordinated oscillations in impedance modulus and phase that are characteristic of beds that exhibit wave-reflection effects. These findings indicate that the specialized anatomy and control mechanisms observed in the umbilical circulation result in unique hemodynamic function, in which wave-propagation effects exert influences not readily predictable from studies on other systems.
Low-Dose Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality From Preeclampsia: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Authors: Michael L. LeFevre
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Update of the 1996 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on aspirin prophylaxis in pregnancy.The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of low-dose aspirin in preventing preeclampsia in women at increased risk and in decreasing adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes, and assessed the maternal and fetal harms of low-dose aspirin during pregnancy.This recommendation applies to asymptomatic pregnant women who are at increased risk for preeclampsia and who have no prior adverse effects with or contraindications to low-dose aspirin.The USPSTF recommends the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg/d) as preventive medication after 12 weeks of gestation in women who are at high risk for preeclampsia. (B recommendation).
Placebo-controlled Trial of House Dust Mite–impermeable Mattress Covers
Authors: Laurens P. Koopman, Rob T. van Strien, Marjan Kerkhof, Alet Wijga, Henriette A. Smit, Johan C. de Jongste, Jorrit Gerritsen, Rob C. Aalberse, Bert Brunekreef, Herman J. Neijens
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

We investigated the effect of house dust mite (HDM)-allergen avoidance on the development of respiratory symptoms, atopic dermatitis, and atopic sensitization by performing a double blind, placebo-controlled trial. In total, 1,282 allergic pregnant women were selected (416 received HDM allergen–impermeable mattress covers for the parents' and child's mattress in the third trimester of pregnancy [active], 394 received placebo covers, 472 received no intervention). Data on allergen exposure, clinical symptoms, and immunoglobulin E were collected prospectively. The prevalence of night cough without a cold in the second year of life was lower in the group with active covers compared with the group with placebo covers (adjusted odds ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.4–1.0). No effect of the intervention was seen on other respiratory symptoms, atopic dermatitis, and total and specific immunoglobulin E. It can be concluded that application of HDM-impermeable mattress covers on the child's and parents' beds reduced night cough, but not other respiratory symptoms, atopic dermatitis, and atopic sensitization in the first 2 years of life. Follow-up will determine the long-term effect of the intervention on the development of atopic disease.
The principle of ontological commitment in pre- and postmortem multiple agent tracking
Authors: Nicolas J. Bullot
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

This commentary suggests that understanding the “Folk Psychology of Souls” requires studying a problem articulating ontology with psychology: How do human beings, both as perceivers and thinkers, track and refer to (1) living and dead intentional agents and (2) supernatural agents? The problem is discussed in the light of the principle of the ontological commitment in agent tracking.
Therapy of inflammation in light of respiratory and inflammatory markers in experimental model of meconium aspiration syndrome
Authors: Pavol Mikolka, Jana Kopincova, Jozef Hatok, Daniela Mokra, Andrea Calkovska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Severe neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is treated with exogenous surfactant. However, surfactant may be inactivated due to meconium-induced inflammation and oxidation damage followed by lung edema, what finally reduces the effect of therapy.  Aims and objectives: Anti-inflammatory agent budesonide was combined with exogenous surfactant to enhance effectiveness of therapy in experimental model of MAS.  Methods: Rabbits with meconium-induced lung injury were divided into four groups (n=6 in each): without therapy (Mec), with surfactant (Surf), with budesonide (Bud), and with combined therapy (Surf+Bud). Respiratory parameters were registered for additional 5 hours. After sacrificing animals, lung edema (expressed as wet/dry weight ratio), oxidative damage markers, i.e. thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and 3-nitrotyrosine, interleukins (IL)-1β,-6,-8, and TNFalpha were determined in plasma.  Results: Combined Surf+Bud therapy rapidly improved oxygenation compared with other groups (p  Conclusions: Budesonide combined with exogenous surfactant improved respiratory parameters, lung edema, oxidative damage and inflammation, indicating that anti-inflammatory therapy reduces inactivation of surfactant and provides more effective therapy of MAS.  Supported by: APVV-0435-11, VEGA 1/0057/11, VEGA 1/0291/12, Toxlab ITMS 26220220111.