tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Associations of Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Tools With Tumor Characteristics and Metastasis
Authors: Johanna Holm, Jingmei Li, Hatef Darabi, Martin Eklund, Mikael Eriksson, Keith Humphreys, Per Hall, Kamila Czene
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose The association between established risk factors for breast cancer and subtypes or prognosis of the disease is not well known. We analyzed whether the Tyrer-Cuzick–predicted 10-year breast cancer risk score (TCRS), mammographic density (MD), and a 77-single nucleotide polymorphism polygenic risk score (PRS) were associated with breast cancer tumor prognosticators and risk of distant metastasis. Patients and Methods We used a case-only design in a population-based cohort of 5,500 Swedish patients with breast cancer. Logistic and multinomial logistic regression of outcomes, estrogen receptor (ER) status, lymph node involvement, tumor size, and grade was performed with TCRS, PRS, and percent MD as exposures. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of distant metastasis. Results Women at high risk for breast cancer based on PRS and/or TCRS were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with favorable prognosticators, such as ER-positive and low-grade tumors. In contrast, PRS weighted on ER-negative disease was associated with ER-negative tumors. When stratifying by age, the associations of TCRS with favorable prognosticators were restricted to women younger than age 50. Women scoring high in both TCRS and PRS had a lower risk of distant metastasis (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.98). MD was not associated with any of the examined prognosticators. Conclusion Women at high risk for breast cancer based on genetic and lifestyle factors were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancers with a favorable prognosis. Better knowledge of subtype-specific risk factors could be vital for the success of prevention programs aimed at lowering mortality.
Infectious Diseases of Children.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Infections are the most common cause of acute illness in children. Most commonly these are respiratory infections which peakwhen the child starts to go to school or out-of-home day care. Although the majority of these diseases have benign course, they cause significant discomfort, anxiety, missed work, and stress to many families caring for children. Frequent office visits, and unnecessarily prescribed medications, and sometimes dubious home remedies can be reduced by following best evidence-based practice and having a good doctor-patient (and parent) relationship. In developed countries, morbidity and mortality from infections have declined dramatically, and deaths from infectious diseases are uncommon. However, serious infections still occur, e.g., meningococcal septicemia, meningitis, and multidrug-resistant pathogens, and some have reemerged, for example, tuberculosis and PVL-toxin-secreting Staphylococcus aureus, which requires early recognition and treatment. With an increase of global air travel, tropical diseases are encountered in all countries. In addition, epidemics may spread widely, e.g., SARS and H1N1 influenza, with children (and the elderly) being the most vulnerable. Family physicians spend about 10 % of their time caring for children. About two-thirds of practicing family physicians report that they provide care for children [1]. Thus, the family physician’s role in early proper management of infections is of paramount importance. Office visits must concentrate on clinical evaluation and diagnosis, appropriate management and advice, and prevention and early detection of complications. In this chapter, the clinical presentations, differential diagnosis, and management of common acute infectious diseases in children will be discussed.
Brief Report: Interleukin‐38 Exerts Antiinflammatory Functions and Is Associated With Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ina Rudloff, Jack Godsell, Claudia A. Nold‐Petry, James Harris, Alberta Hoi, Eric F. Morand, Marcel F. Nold
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Knowledge of interleukin-38 (IL-38), formerly IL-1 family member 10, is sparse, but Il1f10 polymorphisms are associated with inflammatory diseases, and recombinant IL-38 inhibits inflammatory responses similar to those reported in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We undertook this study to explore the function of endogenous IL-38 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as its abundance in serum in a well-characterized cohort of SLE patients.Serum IL-38 and IL-10 levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 142 SLE patients at ≤3 consecutive visits and in 28 healthy volunteers. To assess IL-38 function, we silenced IL-38 in PBMCs from healthy donors using IL-38 small interfering RNA (siRNA).IL-38 (63-5,928 pg/ml) was detectable in 16% of 372 serum samples. IL-38 abundance was significantly higher in samples from SLE patients than in samples from healthy controls (P = 0.004) and 11-fold higher in patients with active disease (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 [SLEDAI-2K] score of ≥4) than in those with inactive disease (SLEDAI-2K score of <4) (P = 0.044). Importantly, IL-38 detection was associated with increased risk of renal lupus (relative risk [RR] 1.6, P = 0.027) and central nervous system lupus (RR 2.3, P = 0.034), and detectable baseline IL-38 entailed a 1.6-fold increased risk of subsequently meeting criteria for persistently active disease (P = 0.0097). Longitudinal time-adjusted mean IL-38 concentration was also 6-fold higher in patients with persistently active disease than in those without (P = 0.023). Remarkably, PBMCs treated with IL-38 siRNA produced up to 28-fold more of the proinflammatory mediators IL-6, CCL2, and APRIL than did control siRNA-transfected cells upon stimulation with Toll-like receptor agonists. Similarly, in SLE patients, the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 was 5-fold more abundant when IL-38 was detectable.This is the first study of the function of endogenous IL-38, and the data suggest that IL-38 may be protective in SLE. A strong association between IL-38 and SLE severity suggests that IL-38 expression is driven by processes linked to SLE pathogenesis. Exploitation of the regulatory effects of IL-38 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in SLE.
The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Produced by Anaerobic Bacteria, in the Cystic Fibrosis Airway
Authors: Bojana Mirković, Michelle A. Murray, Gillian M. Lavelle, Kevin Molloy, Ahmed Abdul Azim, Cedric Gunaratnam, Fiona Healy, Dubhfeasa Slattery, Paul McNally, Joe Hatch, Matthew Wolfgang, Michael M. Tunney, Marianne S. Muhlebach, Rosaleen Devery, Catherine M. Greene, Noel G. McElvaney
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Anaerobic bacteria are present in large numbers in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (PWCF). In the gut, anaerobes produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that modulate immune and inflammatory processes.To investigate the capacity of anaerobes to contribute to cystic fibrosis (CF) airway pathogenesis via SCFAs.Samples of 109 PWCF were processed using anaerobic microbiological culture with bacteria present identified by 16S RNA sequencing. SCFA levels in anaerobic supernatants and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were determined by gas chromatography. The mRNA and/or protein expression of two SCFA receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, in CF and non-CF bronchial brushings and 16HBE14o(-) and CFBE41o(-) cells were evaluated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, laser scanning cytometry, and confocal microscopy. SCFA-induced IL-8 secretion was monitored by ELISA.Fifty-seven (52.3%) of 109 PWCF were anaerobe positive. Prevalence increased with age, from 33.3% to 57.7% in PWCF younger (n = 24) and older (n = 85) than 6 years of age. All evaluated anaerobes produced millimolar concentrations of SCFAs, including acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. SCFA levels were higher in BAL samples of adults than in those of children. GPR41 levels were elevated in CFBE41o(-) versus 16HBE14o(-) cells; CF versus non-CF bronchial brushings; and 16HBE14o(-) cells after treatment with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitor CFTR(inh)-172, CF BAL, or inducers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. SCFAs induced a dose-dependent and pertussis toxin-sensitive IL-8 response in bronchial epithelial cells, with a higher production of IL-8 in CFBE41o(-) than in 16HBE14o(-) cells.This study illustrates that SCFAs contribute to excessive production of IL-8 in CF airways colonized with anaerobes via up-regulated GPR41.
A Three-Step Strategy of Induction Chemotherapy, Chemo-Radiotherapy and Surgery in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (Lapc) Patients. Role of a Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling to Predict Outcome
Authors: J.P. Fusco, J.C. Subtil, N. Buil, A. Chopitea, E. Castanon Alvarez, P. Martín, L. Arbea, L. Zubiri, O.E. Carranza Rua, F. Pardo, J. Rodriguez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
A new serologic index for low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma based on initial CA125 and LDH serum levels
Authors: L Benboubker, C Valat, C Linassier, G Cartron, M Delain, M Bout, F Fetissof, T Lefranq, J P Lamagnere, P Colombat
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
A phase I–II study of bi-weekly paclitaxel as first-line treatment in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: K.A. Gelmon, A. Tolcher, S. O’Reilly, C. Campbell, C. Bryce, T. Shenkier, J. Ragaz, D. Ayers, L. Nakashima, S. Rielly, H. Dulude
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)
Many in US Congress hold health industry investments, news site reports
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

About one in three US senators and one in five members of the House of Representatives hold investments in biomedical and healthcare companies or in specialty funds that invest in those industries, an investigation by the health news website STAT has found.1

For the investigation two STAT reporters, Sheila Kaplan and Ike Swetlitz, reviewed thousands of pages of congressional disclosure …
Midazolam: Significant Pain Reduction in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Puncture - a Clinical Trial.
Authors: Ralph Naumann, Ellen Schneider, Franziska Einsle, Alexander Kiani, Andreas Jenke, Linda Lerche, In-Maria Klut, Gerhard Ehninger, Peter Joraschky, Volker Koellner
Journal: Blood (2004)
Phase II, randomized, open-label study of durvalumab (MEDI4736) or tremelimumab monotherapy, or durvalumab + tremelimumab, in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN): CONDOR
Authors: Jill Gilbert, Christophe Le Tourneau, Hisham Mehanna, Jerome Fayette, Trishna Goswami, Ugochi Emeribe, Anthony Jarkowski, Giovanni Melillo, Lilian L Siu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts First-line palliative treatment for patients with R/M SCCHN includes platinum-based chemotherapy. There are no standard second-line options upon relapse and median survival is limited. In SCCHN, tumors create a highly immunosuppressive environment and evade immune detection by
Changes in atopy over a quarter of a century, based on cross sectional data at three time periods
Authors: Malcolm Law, Joan K Morris, Nicholas Wald, Christina Luczynska, Peter Burney
Journal: BMJ (2005)

tion of the national and global asthma prevention programmes that have led to improved asthma management are thought to be involved in this change 5 ; the impact of other (environmental) factors is more difficult to evaluate.A similar steadily decreasing trend was not found, however, in the percentage of men discharged during service as a result of asthma, which points to a need to re-examine selection and classification criteria for asthmatic men at call-up, as well as to better treatment during service.
The assessment of tubal functional status by tubal perfusion pressure measurements
Authors: C V Karande, E D Pratt, N Gleicher
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

The measurement of tubal perfusion pressures (TPP) is a recent advance in the field of gynaecoradiology. Measurement of TPP involves a standardized technique using transcervically placed tubal catheters which is reviewed in detail. TPP assesses the functional status of the Fallopian tubes, i.e. their ability to permit pregnancy. Infertile patients with normal TPP demonstrated a higher pregnancy rate (10 out of 23) than patients with elevated TPP (four out of 24, P < 0.05). Analysis of patients who had undergone a laparoscopy as well as measurement of TPP suggest that elevated TPP are highly indicative of tubal endometriosis. Tubal catheterization with wireguides was successful in reducing mildly elevated TPP. The impact of this procedure on pregnancy rates is not known. The use of the gynaecoradiological techniques discussed in this paper has reduced the need for diagnostic laparoscopy at our centre by >60%. This was achieved without compromise in pregnancy rates and has resulted in a considerable reduction in cost.
Towards the standardisation of lung sound nomenclature
Authors: Hans Pasterkamp, Paul L.P. Brand, Mark Everard, Luis Garcia-Marcos, Hasse Melbye, Kostas N. Priftis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Auscultation of the lung remains an essential part of physical examination even though its limitations, particularly with regard to communicating subjective findings, are well recognised. The European Respiratory Society (ERS) Task Force on Respiratory Sounds was established to build a reference collection of audiovisual recordings of lung sounds that should aid in the standardisation of nomenclature. Five centres contributed recordings from paediatric and adult subjects. Based on pre-defined quality criteria, 20 of these recordings were selected to form the initial reference collection. All recordings were assessed by six observers and their agreement on classification, using currently recommended nomenclature, was noted for each case. Acoustical analysis was added as supplementary information. The audiovisual recordings and related data can be accessed online in the ERS e-learning resources. The Task Force also investigated the current nomenclature to describe lung sounds in 29 languages in 33 European countries. Recommendations for terminology in this report take into account the results from this survey.
Platelet MAO during the alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Authors: G S Alexopoulos, K W Lieberman, R Frances, P E Stokes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors explored platelet MAO activity in alcoholism and focused on the impact of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome on MAO values. They found that platelet MAO activity is relatively increased in alcoholic patients who are experiencing withdrawal symptoms from alcohol and that it does not appear to be stable during the period of withdrawal.
Subcellular Targets for Photodynamic Therapy: Implications for Initiation of Apoptosis and Autophagy
Authors: David Kessel
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

Direct lethal effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on a cell population were initially shown to occur via initiation of apoptosis, with high doses having a necrotic effect. Selective induction of cellular “self-digestion,” better known as autophagy, represents a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of tumor growth and metastasis. It should be noted that autophagy has conflicting roles in the regulation of cell death, which, when applied to oncology, may produce both positive and negative effects on tumor development. Through better understanding the complex parts played by autophagy among diverse cellular signaling pathways in preclinical models, it may be possible to selectively regulate autophagy in response to specific stimuli, thereby inhibiting its oncogenic tendencies while preserving its tumor-suppressive capabilities.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors and natural history in a monocentric study with a conservative policy
Authors: J.-C. Soria, K. Fizazi, D. Piron, A. Kramar, A. Gerbaulet, C. Haie-Meder, J.-L. Perrin, B. Court, P. Wibault, C. Théodore
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Orthopaedic and trauma surgery
Authors: D S Johnson, R B Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

population of 2 101 252 (1991 census data, Basque Institute of Statistics) with about 80000 children aged less than 5 in 1993-4.During 1993-4 H influenzae type b was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and blood from 42 children aged less than 5 with invasive disease, 29 of whom had meningitis.The annual incidence of bacteriologically confirmed invasive type b infections was 53, 59, and 26 per 100 000 children aged < 1, < 3, and < 5 years respectively.If there is any bias in our figures it is likely to be due to underdetection, as several small hospital centres do not have appropriate facilities for culturing bacteria.Of the 42 cases, 29 were recorded by the two main paediatric hospitals in the area.These hospitals saw 88 other cases of invasive disease in children aged less than 5 from 1986 to 1992; 49 of the children had meningitis.The proportion of the strains of H influenzae type b isolated from these children in Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia that produced ,B-lactamase was 59% and 53% respectively.More than a third of these strains, which are resistant to ampicillin, were also resistant to chloramphenicol.The incidence in the Basque region is similar to the incidences estimated for most western European countries before the introduction of conjugate vaccines.'The high proportion of strains of H influenzae type b that are resistant to antibiotics emphasises the need for the H influenzae type b conjugate vaccine to be given to Spanish infants, even when a regional variation in incidence within Spain is allowed for.
Plasma Total Homocysteine Levels among Patients Undergoing Nocturnal versus Standard Hemodialysis
Authors: Allon N. Friedman, Andrew G. Bostom, Andrew S. Levey, Irwin H. Rosenberg, Jacob Selhub, Andreas Pierratos
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia, a putative risk factor for arteriosclerotic outcomes, is seen in >85% of hemodialysis patients. Therapeutic strategies, including pharmacologic-dose B vitamin supplementation and "high-flux" or "super-flux" hemodialysis, have consistently failed to normalize total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in these patients. Predialysis plasma tHcy levels in 23 patients who were undergoing nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) six or seven nights/wk were compared with those in 31 patients from the same Canadian dialysis unit who were undergoing chronic standard hemodialysis (SHD) (all <65 yr of age, undergoing thrice-weekly treatments). The SHD patients were similar to typical North American chronic hemodialysis patients with respect to B vitamin status and albumin, creatinine, and tHcy levels. Geometric mean tHcy levels for the NHD patients were significantly lower (12.7 versus 20.0 μM, P < 0.0001), as was the prevalence of mild-to-moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (>12 μM; NHD, 57%; SHD, 94%; P = 0.002). Analysis of covariance adjusted for plasma folate, vitamin B12, and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate levels, age, and gender confirmed that NHD was independently associated with 6.0 μM lower geometric mean tHcy levels (P = 0.001). It is concluded that tHcy levels are significantly lower among NHD patients, compared with SHD patients. Clinical trials will be necessary to confirm that NHD is effective in reducing tHcy levels among patients with dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease.
Reflections on medical oncology: an appeal for better clinical trials and improved reporting of their results.
Authors: I Tannock, K Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1983.1.1.66 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 6668484 Reflections on medical oncology: an appeal for better clinical trials and improved reporting of their results. I TannockxI TannockSearch for articles by this author , K MurphyxK MurphySearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1983.1.1.66 First Page PDF © 1983 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Computer-aided Therapeutics in Treating Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Jagannadha Avasarala
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Phase II trial of the oral platinum complex JM216 in non-small-cell lung cancer: An EORTC early clinical studies group investigation
Authors: I. Judson, T. Cerny, R. Epelbaum, D. Dunlop, J. Smyth, B. Schaefer, M. Roelvink, S. Kaplan, A. Hanauske
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
The primary structure of langur (Presbytis entellus) pancreatic ribonuclease: adaptive features in digestive enzymes in mammals.
Authors: J J Beintema
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1990)

The primary structure of pancreatic ribonuclease from langur (Presbytis entellus) has been determined. This sequence differs from that of human pancreatic ribonuclease at 14 (11%) of the amino acid positions. Eight of these 14 differences involve changes of charge, with the langur enzyme having five fewer positive charges than the human enzyme. The difference in charge between human and langur ribonuclease may be an adaptation to the different requirements for a nondigestive and a digestive role, respectively. A number of similarities in expression, gene duplications, and properties between mammalian ribonucleases and lysozymes have been observed, indicating similar adaptations in both enzyme systems.