tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RAZOXANE IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS
Authors: G.W.R. Hill, M. Roach
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article RAZOXANE IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS Get access G.W.R. Hill, G.W.R. Hill Lederle Laboratories, Fareham Road, Gosport, Hampshire PO13 oAS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Roach M. Roach Lederle Laboratories, Fareham Road, Gosport, Hampshire PO13 oAS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 103, Issue 5, 1 November 1980, Page 583, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb01675.x Published: 01 November 1980
Electrochemical behavior of paclitaxel and its determination at glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Jayant I. Gowda, Sharanappa T. Nandibewoor
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

The electrochemical behavior of paclitaxel drug was studied at a glassy carbon electrode in phosphate buffer solutions using cyclic and differential-pulse voltammetric techniques. The oxidation process was shown to be irreversible over the pH range (3.0–10.4) and was diffusion controlled. Effects of anodic peak potential (Ep), anodic peak current (Ipa), scan rate, pH, heterogeneous rate constant (k0), etc have been discussed. A possible electro-oxidation mechanism was proposed. An analytical method was developed for the determination of paclitaxel in phosphate buffer solution at pH = 7.0 as a supporting electrolyte. The anodic peak current varied linearly with paclitaxel concentration in the range 1.0 × 10−6 M to 1.0 × 10−5 M with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.23 × 10−8 M and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 4.10 × 10−8 M. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of paclitaxel in pure and real samples.
Integrated Molecular Genetic Profiling of Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas Reveals Key Differences With the Adult Disease
Authors: Barbara S. Paugh, Chunxu Qu, Chris Jones, Zhaoli Liu, Martyna Adamowicz-Brice, Junyuan Zhang, Dorine A. Bax, Beth Coyle, Jennifer Barrow, Darren Hargrave, James Lowe, Amar Gajjar, Wei Zhao, Alberto Broniscer, David W. Ellison, Richard G. Grundy, Suzanne J. Baker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

To define copy number alterations and gene expression signatures underlying pediatric high-grade glioma (HGG).We conducted a high-resolution analysis of genomic imbalances in 78 de novo pediatric HGGs, including seven diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, and 10 HGGs arising in children who received cranial irradiation for a previous cancer using single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis. Gene expression was analyzed with gene expression microarrays for 53 tumors. Results were compared with publicly available data from adult tumors.Significant differences in copy number alterations distinguish childhood and adult glioblastoma. PDGFRA was the predominant target of focal amplification in childhood HGG, including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, and gene expression analyses supported an important role for deregulated PDGFRalpha signaling in pediatric HGG. No IDH1 hotspot mutations were found in pediatric tumors, highlighting molecular differences with adult secondary glioblastoma. Pediatric and adult glioblastomas were clearly distinguished by frequent gain of chromosome 1q (30% v 9%, respectively) and lower frequency of chromosome 7 gain (13% v 74%, respectively) and 10q loss (35% v 80%, respectively). PDGFRA amplification and 1q gain occurred at significantly higher frequency in irradiation-induced tumors, suggesting that these are initiating events in childhood gliomagenesis. A subset of pediatric HGGs showed minimal copy number changes.Integrated molecular profiling showed substantial differences in the molecular features underlying pediatric and adult HGG, indicating that findings in adult tumors cannot be simply extrapolated to younger patients. PDGFRalpha may be a useful target for pediatric HGG, including diffuse pontine gliomas.
Survival of patients with small cell lung cancer undergoing lung resection in England, 1998–2009
Authors: Margreet Lüchtenborg, Sharma P Riaz, Eric Lim, Richard Page, David R Baldwin, Erik Jakobsen, Peter Vedsted, Mike Lind, Michael D Peake, Anders Mellemgaard, James Spicer, Loic Lang-Lazdunski, Henrik Møller
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is the recommended treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), except in stage I disease where clinical guidelines state there may be a role for surgery based on favourable outcomes in case series. Evidence supporting adjuvant chemotherapy in resected SCLC is limited but this is widely offered.Data on 359 873 patients who were diagnosed with a first primary lung cancer in England between 1998 and 2009 were grouped according to histology (SCLC or non-SCLC (NSCLC)) and whether they underwent a surgical resection. We explored their survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity and socioeconomic status.The survival of 465 patients with resected SCLC was lower than patients with resected NSCLC (5-year survival 31% and 45%, respectively), but much higher than patients of either group who were not resected (3%). The difference between resected SCLC and NSCLC diminished with time after surgery. Survival was superior for the subgroup of 198 'elective' SCLC cases where the diagnosis was most likely known before resection than for the subgroup of 267 'incidental' cases where the SCLC diagnosis was likely to have been made after resection.These data serve as a natural experiment testing the survival after surgical management of SCLC according to NSCLC principles. Patients with SCLC treated surgically for early stage disease may have survival outcomes that approach those of NSCLC, supporting the emerging clinical practice of offering surgical resection to selected patients with SCLC.
Expression of Megsin mRNA, a Novel Mesangium-Predominant Gene, in the Renal Tissues of Various Glomerular Diseases
Authors: DAISUKE SUZUKI, TOSHIO MIYATA, MASAOMI NANGAKU, HIDEO TAKANO, NOBORU SAOTOME, MASAO TOYODA, YASUO MORI, SHAO-YU ZHANG, REIKO INAGI, MASAYUKI ENDOH, KIYOSHI KUROKAWA, HIDETO SAKAI
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Mesangial cells play an important role in maintaining a structure and function of the glomerulus and in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases. Recently, we discovered a new mesangium-predominant gene termed “megsin.” Megsin is a novel protein that belongs to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. To elucidate the pathophysiologic role of megsin in the kidney, the expression and localization of megsin mRNA in renal tissues of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA-N), diabetic nephropathy (DN), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), membranous nephropathy (MN), and normal human kidney (NHK) was evaluated by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide. Individual cells positive for megsin mRNA were observed only in glomeruli in all renal tissues. Their localization coincided with those of mesangial cells. The percentage of positive cells for megsin mRNA in total glomerular cells was significantly greater in IgA-N than in MCNS, MN, and NHK. It was also significantly greater in DN than in MCNS and NHK. In IgA-N, the percentage of megsin mRNA-positive cells was greater in tissues from those with mesangial cell proliferation and slightly mesangial matrix expansion (periodic acid-Schiff-positive area in the total glomerulus area, &lt;30%; cell number in mesangial matrix area, &gt;30; assessed in cross-sections through their vascular poles) than in tissues from those with severe mesangial matrix expansion (periodic acid-Schiff-positive area in total glomerulus area, &gt;30%; cell number in mesangial matrix area, &lt;30). In conclusion, megsin mRNA was predominantly expressed in glomerular mesangial cells in all renal tissues. The expression of megsin mRNA was upregulated in IgA-N and DN, both of which are diseases accompanied with mesangial cell proliferation and/or mesangial matrix expansion. These data suggest a link of megsin expression to the pathogenesis of IgA-N and DN, two major causes of end-stage renal failure.
Oncogenic Wip1 Phosphatase Is Inhibited by miR-16 in the DNA Damage Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xinna Zhang, Guohui Wan, Sizolwenkosi Mlotshwa, Vicki Vance, Franklin G. Berger, Hexin Chen, Xiongbin Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) was identified as an oncogene amplified and overexpressed in several human cancers. Recent evidence suggested that Wip1 is a critical inhibitor in the ATM/ATR-p53 DNA damage signaling pathway. Wip1 dephosphorylates several key DNA damage-responsive proteins and reverses DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints. Previous reports showed that Wip1 was transcriptionally induced by p53 at the early stage of the DNA damage response. To investigate the temporal and functional regulation of Wip1, we identified a microRNA, miR-16, that specifically targets the mRNA of Wip1 and thus negatively regulates the expression level of Wip1. miR-16 itself is induced immediately after DNA damage. Therefore, the increase in Wip1 protein level is significantly postponed compared with that of its mRNA level, preventing a premature inactivation of ATM/ATR signaling and allowing a functional completion of the early DNA damage response. To better understand miR-16 biological functions in the context of cancer cells, we examined its expression in mammary tumor stem cells and found it to be markedly downregulated in mammary tumor stem cells. Overexpression of miR-16 or inhibition of Wip1 suppresses the self-renewal and growth of mouse mammary tumor stem cells and sensitizes MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Together, our results suggest an important role of miR-16 in the regulation of Wip1 phosphatase in the DNA damage response and mammary tumorigenesis.
Low-dose progestogens and ectopic pregnancy.
Authors: R Corcoran, M W Rizk
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A commentary on the results reported previously of a higher relative risk for the progestogens D-norgestrel and norethisterone in developing an ectopic pregnancy as compared with lynestrenol questions the characteristics of the group studied. It is pointed out that the incidence of ectopic pregnancy for these 3 closely related 19-norsteroids is more pronounced than their relative contraceptive efficiency as indicated by the Pearl Index figures quoted in the original communication. The inquiry has included such questions as: 1) the form of the hormone administered, 2) were members of the study from the same ethnic group, 3) were the subjects of the same stature and weight, 4) were the women married and able to have unrestricted intercourse, and 5) were they of proven fertility. The results reported indicate a disparity of action between 3 closely related steroids. It is implied that lynestrenol has an efficient action on the cervical mucus and that the other 2 compounds achieve their action by means of the endometrium.
Increased expression of an inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase and the formation of peroxynitrite in colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis
Authors: H Kimura, R Hokari, S Miura, T Shigematsu, M Hirokawa, Y Akiba, I Kurose, H Higuchi, H Fujimori, Y Tsuzuki, H Serizawa, H Ishii
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Increased production of reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen has been implicated in chronic inflammation of the gut. The object of this study was to examine the magnitude and location of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and peroxynitrite formation in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis in relation to the degree of inflammation. Subjects —Thirty three patients with active ulcerative colitis (17 with mild or moderate inflammation, 16 with severe inflammation). Methods —Inducible NOS activity was determined in the colonic mucosa by measuring the conversion of l -arginine to citrulline in the absence of calcium. The localisation of NOS and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was assessed immunohistochemically using the labelled streptavidin biotin method. Results —Inducible NOS activity increased in parallell with the degree of inflammation of the mucosa. Expression of inducible NOS was found not only in the lamina propria, but also in the surface of the epithelium. Peroxynitrite formation as assessed by nitrotyrosine staining was frequently observed in the lamina propria of actively inflamed mucosa. Conclusions —Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite formation may play an important role in causing irreversible cellular injury to the colonic mucosa in patients with active ulcerative colitis.
Serum HER2 extracellular domain predicts an aggressive clinical outcome and biological PSA response in hormone-independent prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel
Authors: J. Domingo-Domenech, P.L. Fernandez, X. Filella, A. Martinez-Fernandez, R. Molina, E. Fernandez, A. Alcaraz, J. Codony, P. Gascon, B. Mellado
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
‘Organised crime and drugs in sport’: did they teach us about that in medical school?
Authors: David Hughes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

▸ Some sports scientists and medical practitioners are involved in supplying peptides and hormones to athletes. These revelations rocked the Australian sporting community and have caused significant soul-searching and reflection within sporting organisations, particularly at high-performance level. A number of organisations conducted or are conducting internal reviews of their processes and protocols around the administration of supplements and medications. What was initially perceived as a widespread issue across elite sport in Australia now appears, at the time of writing, to be a more focal issue, concentrated in small pockets of professional sport. Again at the time of writing, no athlete or club has been found guilty of a doping violation, but ASADA continues to conduct focused investigations which have some way to run. The claims and counterclaims swing with each news cycle. It will be some time before the facts are clear. How has it come to this? There are assertions, yet to be validated, that in some professional clubs there were systemic injection programmes as part of the supplementation strategy. It is almost inconceivable that such practices did not cause alarm bells to ring for club officials. If the claims are proved to be correct, then one can only conclude that those organisations do not have robust internal governance processes or have drifted away from such processes.
Response to Sharma and Sommerdyk
Authors: Crystal T. Clark, Katherine L. Wisner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2014)

As Drs.Sharma and Sommerdyk highlight, optimizing medication management in pregnant women with Bipolar Disorder (BD) is an area with urgent need for data to drive decision making.The objectives of the Treatment in Psychiatry publication were to combine a review of the data on the pharmacokinetic changes of LTG in pregnant women with epilepsy (WWE) with observations from our case series and generate recommendations for LTG dosing in pregnant women with Bipolar Disorder (1).These investigators raise an important point about whether women treated with LTG in pregnancy experience an increase in mood symptoms due to declining LTG concentrations.Serum level reductions of psychotropic medications due to dose decreases or non-adherence are associated with episode recurrence and symptom worsening.Data on LTG use in pregnant women with Bipolar Disorder are sparse; however, the literature on managing LTG in WWE is relevant for guidance about pharmacokinetic changes during gestation.WWE suffer increased seizure frequency associated with declining LTG levels in pregnancy.Similarly, if the bioavailability of LTG for maintenance treatment of Bipolar Disorder is not sustained in the pregnant woman, she is at risk for symptom worsening.As Sharma et al recommended, careful monitoring of symptoms is essential in the gravid woman taking LTG since pregnancy may increase clearance and lower levels (2).Establishing a baseline serum level at the patient's therapeutic dose of LTG and adjusting the dose to maintain the baseline level increases the likelihood of preventive efficacy.
Use of a Novel Endoscopic Catheter for Direct Visualization and Ablation in an Ovine Model of Chronic Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Brian P. Betensky, Miguel Jauregui, Bieito Campos, John Michele, Francis E. Marchlinski, Leslie Oley, Bryan Wylie, David Robinson, Edward P. Gerstenfeld
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Defining the arrhythmogenic substrate is essential for successful ablation of scar-related ventricular tachycardia. The visual characteristics of endocardial ischemic scar have not been described in vivo. The goal of this study was (1) to quantify the visual characteristics of normal tissue, scar border zone, and dense scar in vivo with the use of a novel endoscopic catheter that allows direct endocardial visualization and (2) to correlate visual attributes of myocardial scar with bipolar voltage. Methods and Results— Percutaneous transient balloon occlusion (150 minutes) of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in an ovine model. Animals survived for 41.5±0.7 days. Detailed bipolar voltage maps of the left ventricle were acquired with the use of NavX. Video snapshots of the endocardium were acquired at sites distributed throughout the left ventricle. Visual tissue characteristics of normal (&gt;1.5 mV), border (0.5–1.5 mV), and dense scar (&lt;0.5 mV) were quantified with the use of image processing. Radiofrequency lesions (10–20 W, 30 seconds) were delivered under direct visualization. Mean white-threshold pixel area was lowest in normal tissue (189 969±41 478 pixels 2 ), intermediate in scar border zone (255 979±36 016 pixels 2 ), and highest in dense scar (324 452±30 152 pixels 2 ; P &lt;0.0001 for all pairwise comparisons). Tissue whiteness, characteristic of scar, was inversely correlated with bipolar voltage ( P &lt;0.0001). During radiofrequency lesions, there was a significant increase in white-thresholded pixel area of the visual field after ablation (average increase, 85 381±52 618 pixels 2 ; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— Visual characteristics of chronic infarct scar in vivo observed with the use of a novel endoscopic catheter correlate with bipolar electrogram voltage. Irrigated radiofrequency lesions in normal endocardial tissue and postinfarction zone can be visualized and quantified with the use of image processing. This technology shows promise for visually based delivery of radiofrequency lesions for the treatment of scar-based ventricular tachycardia.
Comparison of 2 Transvaginal Surgical Approaches and Perioperative Behavioral Therapy for Apical Vaginal Prolapse
Authors: Matthew D. Barber, Linda Brubaker, Kathryn L. Burgio, Holly E. Richter, Ingrid Nygaard, Alison C. Weidner, Shawn A. Menefee, Emily S. Lukacz, Peggy Norton, Joseph Schaffer, John N. Nguyen, Diane Borello-France, Patricia S. Goode, Sharon Jakus-Waldman, Cathie Spino, Lauren Klein Warren, Marie G. Gantz, Susan F. Meikle
Journal: JAMA (2014)

More than 300,000 surgeries are performed annually in the United States for pelvic organ prolapse. Sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) and uterosacral ligament suspension (ULS) are commonly performed transvaginal surgeries to correct apical prolapse. Little is known about their comparative efficacy and safety, and it is unknown whether perioperative behavioral therapy with pelvic floor muscle training (BPMT) improves outcomes of prolapse surgery.
Analysis of Competing Risks of Causes of Death and their Variation Over Different Time Periods in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Mariano Provencio, Isabel Millán, Pilar España, Antonio C. Sánchez, José J. Sánchez, Blanca Cantos, Juan A. Vargas, Carmen Bellas, Vanesa García, Pilar Sabin, Félix Bonilla
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Hodgkin's disease is considered a model of curable illness. However, long-term studies show excessive mortality in relation to the general population. We studied the various causes of death by use of competing risks and their evolution over the years. Experimental Design: All patients diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease at our institution between 1967 and 2003 were included. The competing risks of causes of death and their vital situation were examined in three time periods: cohort A with patients treated before 1980, cohort B with patients treated from 1981 to 1986, and cohort C with patients treated from 1986 onwards. Results: We studied 534 patients, with a median follow-up time of 9.1 years for the whole cohort. The 5-year, 15-year, and 20-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for all patients were 81%, 72%, and 65%, respectively. At the close of the study, 337 (63.1%) were alive and 170 (31.8%) patients had died. The most common cause of death was the progression of Hodgkin's disease, followed by deaths due to a second tumor. Survival was significantly worse in the first period than in the other two (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and in the three periods, the main cause of death was tumor progression. Conclusions: The progression of Hodgkin's disease is the main cause of death. Over time, a reduction in death related to infection and the acute toxicity of treatment was seen. A lot of patients still die for reasons linked to delayed side effects of radiotherapy, such as second tumors and heart disease, which is important to plan preventive activities and clinical research.
Clinical Lecture on Bone and Joint Changes in Connection with Thoracic Disease: Delivered at the Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Chest, Brompton
Authors: R. J. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (1896)

CARIES OF SPINE AND CHRONIC TUBERCULOUS JOINTS.BONE and joint troubles in connection with diseases of the chest have of late years attracted considerable attention.Amongst the " accidents," to use a logical phrase, of phthisis