tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Two Cases of Trigeminal Neuralgia and Trismus Associated with Loss of Teeth
Authors: J. S. Sewill
Journal: BMJ (1897)

1971JLMEDICLI, JOURNAM 13 cases in which improvement might be expected under appro- priate treatment, others being more advanced, while yet others were in such a stage as to make it improbable that much good from any form of treatment would accrue.In all cases the dose to begin with was fixed at 5 gr.three times a day, and this was gradually increased until 20, and in one case 25 gr.were given for a dose.So far as could be
Deleterious Associations of Sitting Time and Television Viewing Time With Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers
Authors: Alicia A. Thorp, Genevieve N. Healy, Neville Owen, Jo Salmon, Kylie Ball, Jonathan E. Shaw, Paul Z. Zimmet, David W. Dunstan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of sitting time and television (TV) viewing time with continuously measured biomarkers of cardio-metabolic risk in Australian adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Waist circumference, BMI, resting blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting and 2-h postload plasma glucose, and fasting insulin were measured in 2,761 women and 2,103 men aged ≥30 years (mean age 54 years) without clinically diagnosed diabetes from the 2004–2005 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Multivariate linear regression analyses examined associations of self-reported sitting time and TV viewing time (hours per day) with these biomarkers, adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS For both women and men, sitting time was detrimentally associated with waist circumference, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, 2-h postload plasma glucose, and fasting insulin (all P &amp;lt; 0.05), but not with fasting plasma glucose and diastolic blood pressure (men only). With the exception of HDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in women, the associations remained significant after further adjustment for waist circumference. TV viewing time was detrimentally associated with all metabolic measures in women and all except HDL cholesterol and blood pressure in men. Only fasting insulin and glucose (men only) remained deleteriously associated with TV viewing time after adjustment for waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS In women and men, sitting time and TV viewing time were deleteriously associated with cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers, with sitting time having more consistent associations in both sexes and being independent of central adiposity. Preventive initiatives aimed at reducing sitting time should focus on both nonleisure and leisure-time domains.
Listeria monocytogenes empyema in an HIV infected patient
Authors: A. Marron, B. Roson, J. Mascaro, J. Carratala
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Listeriosis in HIV infected patients is uncommon and usually presents as meningitis or bacteraemia. Pleural fluid infections caused by this organism are extremely rare. A case is described of empyema caused by Listeria monocytogenes in an HIV infected patient that was successfully treated with medical treatment only.
Plasma Adiponectin, Insulin Sensitivity, and Subclinical Inflammation in Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Christine Winzer, Oswald Wagner, Andreas Festa, Barbara Schneider, Michael Roden, Dagmar Bancher-Todesca, Giovanni Pacini, Tohru Funahashi, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and associated vasculopathy. Because increased fat mass and inflammatory processes are angiopathic risk factors, the relationship between insulin sensitivity, parameters of subclinical inflammation, and plasma concentrations of adipocytokines was investigated in pGDM both at 3 months and 12 months after delivery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Insulin sensitivity (through a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) and plasma concentrations of ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, leptin, and interleukin-6 were measured in 89 pGDM (BMI 26.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2, age 32 ± 0.5 years) and in 19 women with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy (NGT) (23.7 ± 0.9 kg/m2, 31 ± 1.3 years). RESULTS—pGDM showed lower (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) plasma adiponectin (6.7 ± 0.2 μg/ml) than NGT (9.8 ± 0.6 μg/ml) and a decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.003) insulin sensitivity index (Si) and disposition index (P &amp;lt; 0.03), but increased plasma leptin (P &amp;lt; 0.003), PAI-1 (P &amp;lt; 0.002), and CRP (P &amp;lt; 0.03). After adjustment for body fat mass, plasma adiponectin remained lower in pGDM (P &amp;lt; 0.004) and correlated positively with Si (P &amp;lt; 0.003) and HDL cholesterol (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) but negatively with plasma glucose (2-h oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), leptin (P &amp;lt; 0.01), CRP (P &amp;lt; 0.007), and PAI-1 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). On regression analysis, only HDL cholesterol, postload (2-h OGTT) plasma glucose, and Si remained significant predictors of plasma adiponectin, explaining 42% of its variability. Of note, adiponectin further decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) only in insulin-resistant pGDM despite unchanged body fat content and distribution after a 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS—Lower plasma adiponectin concentrations characterize women with previous GDM independently of the prevailing insulin sensitivity or the degree of obesity and are associated with subclinical inflammation and atherogenic parameters.
Pneumomediastinography in carcinoma of the oesophagus
Authors: E. Holub, C. Simecek
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Forty-one patients with carcinoma of the gullet and oesophagogastric junction have been investigated by means of a new pneumomediastinographic method of pertracheal insufflation. More than 1,600 patients suffering from various pulmonary or mediastinal lesions have undergone this simple time-saving procedure. Pneumomediastinography cannot replace radiography of the gullet or oesophagoscopy in cases of cancer of the oesophagus. Since it reveals valuable details, which remain hidden in conventional radiographs or during oesophagoscopy, it may complement the findings of two traditional methods of investigation. The main advantages of pneumomediastinography in the diagnosis of cancer of the gullet are: it permits accurate assessment of the size and shape of the tumour; in patients submitted to radiotherapy, the local response to this treatment may be determined by changes in the size of the tumour shadow in pneumomediastinal tomograms; it establishes reliably that the tumour does not invade the adjacent organs; it facilitates visualization of some of the enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum which are not visible in conventional radiographs or tomograms; and the radiological characteristics of these lymph nodes facilitate an approximate differentiation between inflammatory and metastatic enlargements.
Abnormalities in Glucose Uptake and Metabolism in Imatinib-Resistant Human BCR-ABL–Positive Cells
Authors: Douglas J. Kominsky, Jelena Klawitter, Jaimi L. Brown, Laszlo G. Boros, Junia V. Melo, S. Gail Eckhardt, Natalie J. Serkova
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The development of imatinib resistance has become a significant therapeutic problem in which the etiology seems to be multifactorial and poorly understood. As of today, clinical criteria to predict the development of imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), other than rebound of the myeloproliferation, are under development. However, there is evidence that the control of glucose-substrate flux is an important mechanism of the antiproliferative action of imatinib because imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal KIT-positive tumors reveal highly elevated glucose uptake in radiologic images. We used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry to assess 13C glucose uptake and metabolism (glycolysis, TCA cycle, and nucleic acid ribose synthesis) during imatinib treatment in CML cell lines with different sensitivities to imatinib. Our results show that sensitive K562-s and LAMA84-s BCR-ABL–positive cells have decreased glucose uptake, decreased lactate production, and an improved oxidative TCA cycle following imatinib treatment. The resistant K562-r and LAMA84-r cells maintained a highly glycolytic metabolic phenotype with elevated glucose uptake and lactate production. In addition, oxidative synthesis of RNA ribose from 13C-glucose via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was decreased, and RNA synthesis via the nonoxidative transketolase pathway was increased in imatinib-resistant cells. CML cells which exhibited a (oxidative/nonoxidative) flux ratio for nucleic acid ribose synthesis of &amp;gt;1 were sensitive to imatinib. The resistant K562-r and LAMA84-r exhibited a (oxidative/nonoxidative) flux ratio of &amp;lt;0.7. The changes in glucose uptake and metabolism were accompanied by intracellular translocation of GLUT-1 from the plasma membrane into the intracellular fraction in sensitive cells treated with imatinib, whereas GLUT-1 remained located at the plasma membrane in LAMA84-r and K562-r cells. The total protein load of GLUT-1 was unchanged among treated sensitive and resistant cell lines. In summary, elevated glucose uptake and nonoxidative glycolytic metabolic phenotype can be used as sensitive markers for early detection of imatinib resistance in BCR-ABL–positive cells.
Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Jeremy Signe, Boris Jung, Stephanie Nougaret, Fouad Belafia, Fabrizio Panaro, Michael Bismuth, Samir Jaber
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Lack of HLA class I antigen expression by cultured melanoma cells FO-1 due to a defect in B2m gene expression.
Authors: C M D'Urso, Z G Wang, Y Cao, R Tatake, R A Zeff, S Ferrone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The melanoma cell line FO-1 does not express HLA class I antigens and does not acquire them on the cell surface after incubation with IFN-gamma. Immunochemical studies showed that FO-1 cells synthesize HLA class I heavy chain, but do not synthesize beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-mu). The latter abnormality is associated with lack of beta 2-mu mRNA which remains undetectable in FO-1 cells incubated with IFN-gamma. The defect was identified as a genetic lesion in the B2m gene, since DNA hybridization analysis detected a deletion of the first exon of the 5'-flanking region, and of a segment of the first intron of the B2m gene. HLA class I antigen expression was reconstituted on melanoma cells FO-1 after transfection with the wild-type mouse B2m gene, thereby confirming the abnormality of the endogenous B2m gene. The defect identified in FO-1 cells is distinct from that underlying the lack of HLA class I antigen expression by lymphoblastoid cells Daudi, but is remarkably similar to that causing lack of H-2 class I antigen expression by mouse lymphoblastoid cells R1 (TL-). These results suggest that genetic recombination in the 5' region of the B2m gene is a recurrent mechanism in B2m gene defects. In addition to contributing to our understanding of molecular abnormalities in HLA class I antigen expression by melanoma cells, FO-1 cells represent a useful model for analyzing the role of HLA class I antigens in the biology of melanoma cells and in their interaction with cells of the immune system.
A prospective randomized phase III study in non-small-cell lung cancer comparing cisplatin, ifosfamide, vinblastine (VIP) versus cisplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide (VIP-16)
Authors: P. Kosmidis, N. Mylonakis, G. Fountzilas, N. Pavlidis, E. Samantas, A. Karabelis, K. Kattis, D. Skarlos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)
Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in HPV-Positive Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer and Their Partners
Authors: Gypsyamber D'Souza, Neil D. Gross, Sara I. Pai, Robert Haddad, Karen S. Anderson, Shirani Rajan, Jennifer Gerber, Maura L. Gillison, Marshall R. Posner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

To better understand oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cancer risk among long-term sexual partners of patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC).An oral rinse sample, risk factor survey, cancer history, and oral examination (partners only) were collected from patients with HPV-OPC and their partners. Oral rinse samples were evaluated for 36 types of HPV DNA using PGMY 09/11 primers and line-blot hybridization and HPV16 copy number using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Oral HPV prevalence was compared with infection among those age 45 to 65 years using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010.A total of 164 patients with HPV-OPC and 93 of their partners were enrolled. Patients were primarily men (90%), were never-smokers (51%), and had performed oral sex (97%), with a median age of 56 years; they had a high prevalence of oncogenic oral HPV DNA (61%) and oral HPV16 DNA (54%) at enrollment. Female partners had comparable oncogenic oral HPV prevalence compared with members of the general population of the same age (1.2% v 1.3%). Among the six male partners, no oncogenic oral HPV infections were detected. No precancers or cancers were identified during partner oral cancer screening examinations. However, a history of cervical disease was reported by nine partners (10.3%) and two female patients (11.8%), and three patients (2.0%) reported a previous partner who developed invasive cervical cancer.Oral HPV16 DNA is commonly detected among patients with HPV-OPC at diagnosis, but not among their partners. Partners of patients with HPV-OPC do not seem to have elevated oral HPV infection compared with the general population.
Comparative Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Therapy for HER2–Positive Breast Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aiko Nagayama, Tetsu Hayashida, Hiromitsu Jinno, Maiko Takahashi, Tomoko Seki, Akiko Matsumoto, Takeshi Murata, Hutan Ashrafian, Thanos Athanasiou, Koji Okabayashi, Yuko Kitagawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

The growing number of antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) agents suggests the need for defining the optimal choice of neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer.Randomized trials that compared different anti-HER2 regimens in the neoadjuvant setting were included. The odds ratio (OR) for pathological complete response (pCR), treatment completion, and safety was utilized for pooling effect sizes. Network meta-analysis using a Bayesian statistical model was performed to combine the direct and indirect evidence of neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer. All statistical tests were two-sided.A database search identified 1047 articles, with 10 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. A total of 2247 patients in seven different treatment arms were assessed. Anti-HER2 agents evaluated included trastuzumab (tzmb), lapatinib (lpnb), and pertuzumab (pzmb). Network meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between dual targeting treatment arms; however, lpnb reduced treatment completion due to adverse events. Patients in dual targeting arms had statistically significantly more pCR than those in other treatment arms (chemotherapy [CT] + tzmb + pzmb vs CT + tzmb, OR = 2.29, 95% credibility interval = 1.02 to 5.02, P = .02). The surface under the cumulative ranking probability curve indicated that CT + tzmb + pzmb had the highest probability of being the best treatment arm in terms of pCR.This study indicates that combining two anti-HER2 agents with CT is the most effective treatment modality in the neoadjuvant setting for HER2-positive breast cancer.
Molecular characterisation of C4 null alleles found in Felty's syndrome.
Authors: M C Hillarby, T Strachan, D M Grennan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

A higher prevalence of C4B null alleles is found in Felty9s syndrome. The molecular basis of C4 null alleles was investigated by studying restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) obtained with C4 and 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) DNA probes and by pulsed field gel electrophoresis in 30 subjects with Felty9s syndrome. C4A null alleles were found in 10 subjects, and in five of these were associated with a deletion that included C4A and adjacent 21-OHA gene sequences. A 6.4 kilobase C4B-59-specific Taq I fragment usually provided a reliable guide to the presence of a C4A deletion but unusually in one instance this fragment was found to be a marker of a functioning C4A gene. A C4B null allele was found in 17 subjects and was associated with a deletion involving C4B and 21-OHA gene sequences on only two occasions. There were no instances in which deletion of the 21-OHB gene occurred.
Outcomes of the oldest patients with primary CNS lymphoma treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Authors: M. R. Welch, A. Omuro, L. M. DeAngelis
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

Up to 20% of all primary CNS lymphoma (PCNLS) patients are aged 80 years or older, yet data are limited on how best to treat this rapidly growing population. Despite demographic pressures and the proven efficacy of methotrexate (MTX)-based regimens, automatic de-escalation of care based on age is standard practice outside of tertiary care centers. We performed a retrospective review of all PCNSL patients aged 80 years or older treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1993 to 2011. Demographic and clinical variables were evaluated as predictors of survival by multivariate analysis. Twenty-three of 24 patients were treated with chemotherapy (92% with high-dose MTX, typically in combination with vincristine and procarbazine). One patient received ocular radiation alone for disease limited to the eyes. Response to treatment was noted in 62.5% of patients; 9 (37.5%) had refractory disease. Median overall survival was 7.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.8–53), and median progression-free survival was 6.5 months (95% CI: 4.4–29.5). Two-year survival rate was 33%; 3-year survival rate was 17%. Three patients lived more than 4 years postdiagnosis. Most patients tolerated therapy well, and despite low baseline creatinine clearance, no significant renal toxicity was noted. Response status and deep brain involvement were identified as the most important predictors of survival. Multidrug regimens containing high-dose MTX are feasible and efficacious among the oldest patients, particularly those who achieve a complete response by their fifth treatment cycle. Aggressive therapy should be offered to select patients irrespective of advanced age.
Hepatocyte and Kupffer cell functions during liver regeneration in streptozotocin-diabetic rats
Authors: Robert P. Cornell, Brenda K. Hinck, Randall E. Halley
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

The insulinoprivic influence of acute severe streptozotocin diabetes on liver regeneration in rats was evaluated by determining liver weights as well as hepatocyte and Kupffer cell functional capacities. Functional capacities were assessed by bromosulfophthalein uptake for hepatocytes and carbon phagocytosis for Kupffer cells. Evaluation immediately after partial hepatectomy revealed a 66% reduction of liver mass, a 63% decrease in hepatocyte bromosulfophthalein removal, and a 65% decline in Kupffer cell carbon phagocytosis. Per cent recovery at 48-hr posthepatectomy was considerably greater for carbon phagocytosis than for bromosulfophthalein removal by regenerating livers. This apparent difference in functional recovery was likely due in part to enhanced non-Kupffer cell carbon phagocytosis. No significant differences of the three regeneration indices were noted for untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats compared to nondiabetic animals. However, insulin administration to fasted streptozotocin diabetics significantly stimulated liver regeneration above that of untreated fasted rats and almost equivalent to that of pair-fed animals. Fasted rats had in general slower liver regeneration than pair-fed animals as expected. Furthermore, insulin administration to fasted nondiabetic rats after partial hepatectomy caused severe hypoglycemia and resulted in a further depression of liver regeneration.
Variation in Hospital Episode Costs With Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Tyler R. Grenda, Jason C. Pradarelli, Jyothi R. Thumma, Justin B. Dimick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Under bundled payment programs, hospitals receive a single payment for all services provided surrounding an episode of care. Because health care providers, such as hospitals and physicians, accept more financial risk under these programs, they will need a better understanding of episode costs to identify areas to target improvements in quality and cost-efficiency.To examine hospital variation in episode costs for a common high-risk procedure that is a prime candidate for bundled payment programs (ie, bariatric surgery).In this retrospective cohort study, we used national Medicare claims data and identified patients undergoing bariatric procedures in 2011-2012 (N = 24 647 patients; 463 hospitals). We calculated risk-adjusted Medicare payments from the date of admission for the index procedure to 30 days following discharge. We then divided hospitals into equally sized quartiles and examined variation in payments for services around episodes of care. Medicare payments were examined by service payment type (ie, payments to hospitals, payments to physicians, and payments for postacute care services) across hospital quartiles.Hospital variation in episode costs for services around an episode of bariatric surgery.Mean total payments for bariatric procedures varied from $11 086 to $13 073 per episode of care, resulting in a mean difference of $1987 (16.5% difference) per episode of care between the lowest and highest hospital quartiles. The index hospitalization was responsible for the largest portion of total payments (75%), followed by physician services (21%) and postacute care services (2.8%). Payments for index hospitalization accounted for the greatest variation in payments.There are variations in hospital episode payments among Medicare patients undergoing bariatric surgery procedures. As hospitals enter bundled payment programs, they will need to target areas with the largest variation in costs for quality- and efficiency-improvement activities.