tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Historical, Psychopathological, Neurological, and Neuropsychological Aspects of Deficit Schizophrenia: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Silvana Galderisi, Mario Maj, Armida Mucci, Giovanni Battista Cassano, Giordano Invernizzi, Alessandro Rossi, Antonio Vita, Liliana Dell'Osso, Enrico Daneluzzo, Stefano Pini
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

This multicenter study aimed to verify whether the historical and psychopathological characteristics of a large group of patients with deficit schizophrenia were consistent with those reported in previous studies. The authors also tested the hypothesis that neurological and neuropsychological indices sensitive to frontoparietal dysfunction, but not those sensitive to temporal lobe dysfunction, are more impaired in patients with deficit schizophrenia than in those with non-deficit schizophrenia.For each patient with deficit schizophrenia enrolled in the study, a matched subject with non-deficit schizophrenia was recruited. Historical, psychopathological, neurological, and neuropsychological evaluations were carried out for all patients.Patients with deficit schizophrenia, compared with patients with non-deficit schizophrenia, had a similar severity of positive symptoms and disorganization and less hostility. They had poorer premorbid adjustment during childhood and early adolescence and exhibited more impairment in general cognitive abilities. The deficit state was associated with impairment in sequencing of complex motor acts, which suggests frontoparietal dysfunction.Previous reports of differences in historical, psychopathological, and neuropsychological characteristics between patients with deficit schizophrenia and those with non-deficit schizophrenia were mostly supported by the present findings. Neurological findings suggest that frontoparietal functioning is more impaired in patients with deficit schizophrenia. Deficit schizophrenia might represent a neurodevelopmental subtype of schizophrenia in which significant behavioral and cognitive impairment since childhood compromises the development of basic capacities relevant to subsequent cognitive and social functioning.
SERUM FACTORS OF ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA IN LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA*
Authors: Jerome I. Brody, Stuart C. Finch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the abnormal serum factors of acquired hemolytic anemia in patients with leukemia and lymphoma could be characterized as antibody by the immune adherence technique.The pathogenesis of this disorder has not been completely explained and it was felt that the study of specific immunologic reactions might help to determine whether these serum factors are erythrocyte anti- body.The technique of immune adherence (1, 2) was used not only because its flexibility and sensi- tivity make it most suitable for the study of anti- gen-antibody reactions but particularly because, insofar as is at present known, immune adherence will not occur unless antigen and specific comple- ment-fixing antibody are present.The basic premise of this reaction states that in the presence of antigen, specific antibody, complement, and indicator (either primate red cells or nonprimate platelets), the antigen will adhere to the indicator particles.Immune adherence may be determined either macroscopically by red cell floccule forma- tion or microscopically by dark-field illumination. METHODS AND MATERIALSA. Patient group Serum samples taken from a total of 7 patients with acquired hemolytic anemia, ranging in age from 45 to 75 years, were studied.Two of the patients had lymphocytic lymphoma, 1 had Hodgkin's disease, 2 had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 1 had acute monocytic leukemia and 1 had multiple myeloma.One patient with lymphoma bad been treated with X-ray, nitrogen mustard, adreno- cortical steroids and blood transfusions.Blood trans- * This investigation was supported by a
SM22α, a Marker of Adult Smooth Muscle, Is Expressed in Multiple Myogenic Lineages During Embryogenesis
Authors: Li Li, Joseph M. Miano, Peter Cserjesi, Eric N. Olson
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

SM22 alpha is a calponin-related protein that is expressed specifically in adult smooth muscle. To begin to define the mechanisms that regulate the establishment of the smooth muscle lineage, we analyzed the expression pattern of the SM22 alpha gene during mouse embryogenesis. In situ hybridization demonstrated that SM22 alpha transcripts were first expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells at about embryonic day (E) 9.5 and thereafter continued to be expressed in all smooth muscle cells into adulthood. In contrast to its smooth muscle specificity in adult tissues, SM22 alpha was expressed transiently in the heart between E8.0 and E12.5 and in skeletal muscle cells in the myotomal compartment of the somites between E9.5 and E12.5. The expression of SM22 alpha in smooth muscle cells, as well as early cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, suggests that there may be commonalities between the regulatory programs that direct muscle-specific gene expression in these three myogenic cell types.
High-Normal Serum Uric Acid Increases Risk of Early Progressive Renal Function Loss in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Linda H. Ficociello, Elizabeth T. Rosolowsky, Monika A. Niewczas, Nicholas J. Maselli, Janice M. Weinberg, Ann Aschengrau, John H. Eckfeldt, Robert C. Stanton, Andrzej T. Galecki, Alessandro Doria, James H. Warram, Andrzej S. Krolewski
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE We previously described a cross-sectional association between serum uric acid and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in nonproteinuric patients with type 1 diabetes. Here, we prospectively investigated whether baseline uric acid impacts the risk of early progressive renal function loss (early GFR loss) in these patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion (n = 355) were followed for 4–6 years for changes in urinary albumin excretion and GFR. The changes were estimated by multiple determinations of albumin-to-creatinine ratios (ACRs) and serum cystatin C (GFRcystatin). RESULTS At baseline, the medians (25th–75th percentiles) for uric acid, ACR, and GFRcystatin values were 4.6 mg/dl (3.8–5.4), 26.2 mg/g (15.1–56.0), and 129 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (111–145), respectively. During the 6-year follow-up, significant association (P &amp;lt; 0.0002) was observed between serum uric acid and development of early GFR loss, defined as GFRcystatin decline exceeding 3.3% per year. In baseline uric acid concentration categories (in mg/dl: &amp;lt;3.0, 3.0–3.9, 4.0–4.9, 5.0–5.9, and ≥6), the risk of early GFR loss increased linearly (9, 13, 20, 29, and 36%, respectively). This linear increase corresponds to odds ratio 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8) per 1 mg/dl increase of uric acid. The progression and regression of urinary albumin excretion were not associated with uric acid. CONCLUSIONS We found a clear dose-response relation between serum uric acid and risk of early GFR loss in patients with type 1 diabetes. Clinical trials are warranted to determine whether uric acid–lowering drugs can halt renal function decline before it becomes clinically significant.
A COMPARATIVE MATCHED-ANALYSIS OF MAJOR CLINICAL OUTCOMES USING DIFFERENT DRUG-ELUTING STENTS VS. BARE-METAL STENTS IN A LARGE CONSECUTIVE PATIENT COHORT
Authors: Ran Kornowski, Tamir Bental, Abid Assali, Hana Vaknin-Assa, Eli I. Lev, Eldad Rechavia, Danny Dvir, David Brosh, Igal Teplisky, Alexander Battler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
What Happened to Lithium? Antidepressant Augmentation in Clinical Settings
Authors: Marcia Valenstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Antidepressant augmentation is recommended when patients do not respond to antidepressant monotherapy. However, little is know about antidepressant augmentation in clinical settings and whether these practices reflect the research evidence. Method: The authors identified 244,859 patients in Veterans Administration mental health settings with a diagnosis of depression and an antidepressant prescription during fiscal year 2002. Patients with schizophrenia, dementia, or bipolar I disorder were excluded. The authors examined the prevalence and characteristics of antidepressant augmentation during the year, defined as receiving an antidepressant and an augmenting agent (lithium, second-generation antipsychotics, combinations of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or “other”) for ≥60 consecutive days in specified doses for those without other clinical indications. Mixed-effect models were used to examine predictors of augmentation. Results: Some patients (22%) received an augmenting agent. The most commonly used agents were a second antidepressant (11%) and a second-generation antipsychotic (7%). Only 0.5% of the patients received lithium. Whites, younger patients, and those with a prior hospitalization were more likely to receive augmentation. African Americans were more likely to receive antipsychotic augmentation; whites were more likely to receive lithium. Conclusions: Antidepressant augmentation is common in clinical settings. Although lithium currently has the most research support, antipsychotic medications and a second antidepressant are the most widely used augmenting agents. Many augmenting agents are used across clinical and demographic groups. Research is needed on the relative effectiveness of these agents, along with efforts to promote the use of agents with the greatest level of research support.
Analysis of the MammaPrint Breast Cancer Assay in a Predominantly Postmenopausal Cohort
Authors: Ben S. Wittner, Dennis C. Sgroi, Paula D. Ryan, Tako J. Bruinsma, Annuska M. Glas, Anitha Male, Sonika Dahiya, Karleen Habin, Rene Bernards, Daniel A. Haber, Laura J. Van't Veer, Sridhar Ramaswamy
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Most node-negative breast cancer patients are older and postmenopausal and are increasingly being offered adjuvant chemotherapy despite their low overall risk of distant relapse. A molecular diagnostic test with high negative predictive value (NPV) for distant metastasis in this subgroup would spare many older breast cancer patients adjuvant treatment. Experimental Design: We determined the NPV and positive predictive value of the MammaPrint assay in breast cancer patients who were consecutively diagnosed and treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1985 and 1997. Primary tumors from 100 patients with node-negative, invasive breast cancer (median age, 62.5 years; median follow-up, 11.3 years) were subjected to MammaPrint analysis and classified as being at either low or high risk for distant metastasis. Results: The MammaPrint 70-gene signature displayed excellent NPV as in previous studies, correctly identifying 100% of women at low risk for distant metastases at 5 years. However, this assay had a lower positive predictive value (12% at 5 years) than previously observed. Conclusions: The MammaPrint assay was originally designed to identify younger breast cancer patients at low risk for distant metastasis, who might consequently be spared systemic treatment. We show here that the same signature has a very high NPV for distant recurrence after adjuvant treatment in older breast cancer patients.
International Adoption, Behavior, and Mental Health
Authors: Laurie C. Miller
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Defining Cancer Patients As Being in the Terminal Phase: Who Receives a Formal Diagnosis, and What Are the Effects?
Authors: B. Aabom, J. Kragstrup, H. Vondeling, L.S. Bakketeig, H. Stovring
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Physicians either do not define cancer patients as being terminal, or their prognostic estimates tend to be optimistic. This might affect patients' appropriate and timely referral to specialist palliative care services or can lead to unintended acute hospitalization.We used the Danish Cancer Register and four administrative registers to perform a retrospective cohort study in 3,445 patients who died as a result of cancer. We used the Danish "terminal declaration" issued by a physician as a proxy for a formal terminal diagnosis (prognosis of death within 6 months). The terminal declaration gives right to economic benefits and increased care for the dying. We investigated patient-related factors of receiving an explicit terminal diagnosis by logistic regression and then analyzed the effects of such a diagnosis on admission rate per week and place of death.Thirty-four percent of patients received a formal terminal diagnosis. Age of > or = 70 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.56; P < .001), women (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.96; P = .02), hematologic cancer (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.41; P < .001), and a less than 1-month survival time (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.15; P < .001) were associated with a lesser likelihood of receiving a formal terminal diagnosis. Explicit terminal diagnosis was associated with lower admission rate and an adjusted OR of hospital death of 0.25 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.29).Women and the elderly were less likely to receive a formal terminal diagnosis. The formal terminal diagnosis reduced hospital admissions and increased the possibilities of dying at home.
Evolution of the Voltage Sensor Domain of the Voltage-Sensitive Phosphoinositide Phosphatase VSP/TPTE Suggests a Role as a Proton Channel in Eutherian Mammals
Authors: K. A. Sutton, M. K. Jungnickel, L. Jovine, H. M. Florman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

The voltage-sensitive phosphoinositide phosphatases provide a mechanism to couple changes in the transmembrane electrical potential to intracellular signal transduction pathways. These proteins share a domain architecture that is conserved in deuterostomes. However, gene duplication events in primates, including humans, give rise to the paralogs TPTE and TPTE2 that retain protein domain organization but, in the case of TPTE, have lost catalytic activity. Here, we present evidence that these human proteins contain a functional voltage sensor, similar to that in nonmammalian orthologs. However, domains of these human proteins can also generate a noninactivating outward current that is not observed in zebra fish or tunicate orthologs. This outward current has the anticipated characteristics of a voltage-sensitive proton current and is due to the appearance of a single histidine residue in the S4 transmembrane segment of the voltage sensor. Histidine is observed at this position only during the eutherian radiation. Domains from both human paralogs generate proton currents. This apparent gain of proton channel function during the evolution of the TPTE protein family may account for the conservation of voltage sensor domains despite the loss of phosphatase activity in some human paralogs.
Accessory Cells of the Microenvironment Protect Multiple Myeloma from T-Cell Cytotoxicity through Cell Adhesion-Mediated Immune Resistance
Authors: Sanne J. de Haart, Niels W.C.J. van de Donk, Monique C. Minnema, Julie H. Huang, Tineke Aarts-Riemens, Niels Bovenschen, Huipin Yuan, Richard W.J. Groen, Douglas W. McMillin, Jana Jakubikova, Henk M. Lokhorst, Anton C. Martens, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Tuna Mutis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Cellular immunotherapy frequently fails to induce sustained remissions in patients with multiple myeloma, indicating the ability of multiple myeloma cells to evade cellular immunity. Toward a better understanding and effective therapeutic modulation of multiple myeloma immune evasion mechanisms, we here investigated the role of the tumor microenvironment in rendering multiple myeloma cells resistant to the cytotoxic machinery of T cells.Using a compartment-specific, bioluminescence imaging-based assay system, we measured the lysis of luciferase-transduced multiple myeloma cells by CD4(+) or CD8(+) CTLs in the presence versus absence of adherent accessory cells of the bone marrow microenvironment. We simultaneously determined the level of CTL activation by measuring the granzyme B release in culture supernatants.Bone marrow stromal cells from patients with multiple myeloma and healthy individuals, as well as vascular endothelial cells, significantly inhibited the lysis of multiple myeloma cells in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner and without substantial T-cell suppression, thus showing the induction of a cell adhesion-mediated immune resistance (CAM-IR) against CTL lysis. Further analyses revealed that adhesion to accessory cells downregulated Fas and upregulated the caspase-3 inhibitor survivin in multiple myeloma cells. Reconstitution of Fas expression with bortezomib enhanced the CTL-mediated lysis of multiple myeloma cells. Repressing survivin with the small-molecule YM155 synergized with CTLs and abrogated CAM-IR in vitro and in vivo.These results reveal the cell adhesion-mediated induction of apoptosis resistance as a novel immune escape mechanism and provide a rationale to improve the efficacy of cellular therapies by pharmacologic modulation of CAM-IR.
The Value and Future of the Olympic Games
Authors: Maxwell L. Howell
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The modern Olympic Games and Baron Pierre de Coubertin were products of their times. The modern Games were idealistically based, differing markedly from the ancient Games. And the 1972 Games, in turn, differ greatly from the 1896 Games. The Games have also been subject to change, with 120 nations competing in 1972 and a mere 12 in 1896. Perhaps the modern values of the Games are (1) the opportunity for the athletes to meet and participate against athletes of all colors, races, and creeds; (2) the opportunity for the athlete to travel to other countries and learn to understand better the way of life in those lands; and (3) the opportunity for the athlete to test himself in a supreme challenge, physically and emotionally.
Randomised controlled trial of two models of care for discharged psychiatric patients
Authors: P. Tyrer, K. Evans, N. Gandhi, A. Lamont, P. Harrison-Read, T. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To compare the clinical outcome and costs of care of psychiatric patients allocated to community multidisciplinary teams or to hospital based care programmes after discharge from inpatient care.Randomised controlled trial.Inner London (Paddington and North Kensington) and outer London (Brent) psychiatric services.155 patients with severe mental illness with a previous admission within the past 2 years.Ratings of clinical psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and social functioning; comprehensive costs of health care.Clinical outcomes were available for 133 patients and cost data for 144 patients after 1 year. The clinical outcomes of the two models of care were essentially similar, but admission to hospital was more likely in the hospital based care group and the costs of health care were 14% greater per patient than in the community group. This difference, however, was dwarfed by a twofold difference in the costs of care in the outer London services compared with those in inner London. This was explained largely by greater inpatient care for outer London patients (58 median bed days v 18 for inner London patients), more of which was provided by extracontractual referrals to other psychiatric hospitals as Brent had only 0.28/1000 beds available for acute adult patients compared with 0.82/1000 in Paddington and North Kensington over the period of the study.Aftercare by community teams for psychiatric patients with severe mental illness has a similar outcome to hospital based aftercare but with fewer admissions to hospital. When psychiatric bed requirements are insufficient for a population, however, neither form of aftercare is effective as greater use of hospital beds elsewhere swamps any advantage of community care programmes, with disintegration and discontinuity of psychiatric services leading to escalating costs.
Novel expression signatures identified by transcriptional analysis of separated leucocyte subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis
Authors: Paul A Lyons, Eoin F McKinney, Tim F Rayner, Alexander Hatton, Hayley B Woffendin, Maria Koukoulaki, Thomas C Freeman, David R W Jayne, Afzal N Chaudhry, Kenneth G C Smith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Objective To optimise a strategy for identifying gene expression signatures differentiating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis that provide insight into disease pathogenesis and identify biomarkers. Methods 44 vasculitis patients, 13 SLE patients and 25 age and sex-matched controls were enrolled. CD4 and CD8 T cells, B cells, monocytes and neutrophils were isolated from each patient and, together with unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), were hybridised to spotted oligonucleotide microarrays. Results Using expression data obtained from purified cells a substantial number of differentially expressed genes were identified that were not detectable in the analysis of PBMC. Analysis of purified T cells identified a SLE-associated, CD4 T-cell signature consistent with type 1 interferon signalling driving the generation and survival of tissue homing T cells and thereby contributing to disease pathogenesis. Moreover, hierarchical clustering using expression data from purified monocytes provided significantly improved discrimination between the patient groups than that obtained using PBMC data, presumably because the differentially expressed genes reflect genuine differences in processes underlying disease pathogenesis. Conclusion Analysis of leucocyte subsets enabled the identification of gene signatures of both pathogenic relevance and with better disease discrimination than those identified in PBMC. This approach thus provides substantial advantages in the search for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in autoimmune disease.
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: _ _
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2008)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women in the United States. An estimated 213,380 new cases (114,760 men and 98,620 women) of lung and bronchus cancer will be diagnosed in 2007, and 160,390 deaths (89,510 in men, 70,880 in women) are estimated to occur because of the disease. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% to 85% of all lung cancer cases and includes 3 major types: (1) adenocarcinoma; (2) squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinoma; and (3) large-cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer seen in the United States and is also the most frequently occurring cell type in nonsmokers. Important updates to the 2008 guidelines on NSCLC include the addition of tables on drugs and dosing information on chemotherapy regimens for adjuvant therapy. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org