tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma MMP-9 is related to a bronchitic COPD phenotype - Report from the obstructive lung disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) studies
Authors: Robert Linder, Anders Blomberg, Jamshid Pourazar, Annelie F. Behndig, Eva Rönmark, Bo Lundbäck, Anne Lindberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  Several studies acknowledge the importance of inflammation in the development of COPD. However, regarding potential systemic inflammatory biomarkers that may correlate to disease severity, more studies are needed.  Aim  The aim was to assess the relationships between FEV1, COPD, CPC (chronic productive cough) and two putative inflammatory biomarkers in blood plasma.  Methods  The OLIN COPD study comprised 993 subjects with FEV1/FVC   Results  MMP-9 was significantly higher in COPD compared with non-COPD (median 612 vs. 550 ng/ml; p=0.029). In univariate analysis, FEV1 (% predicted) was inversely associated with MMP-9 (r=-0.141; p=  Conclusions  Results indicated that MMP-9 was increased in COPD and inversely related to FEV1. MMP-9 levels were further increased in COPD patients with CPC, indicating an enhanced systemic inflammatory response in patients with a bronchitic phenotype and thus, an increased risk of exacerbations. Additional analysis will contribute to the evaluation of these biomarkers in relation to other predictors and to disease severity in COPD.
Centromere Protein H Is Up-regulated in Primary Human Colorectal Cancer and Its Overexpression Induces Aneuploidy
Authors: Takeshi Tomonaga, Kazuyuki Matsushita, Masumi Ishibashi, Masahiko Nezu, Hideaki Shimada, Takenori Ochiai, Kinya Yoda, Fumio Nomura
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Chromosomal instability (CIN) has been recognized as a hallmark of human cancer and is caused by continuous chromosome missegregation during mitosis. Proper chromosome segregation requires a physical connection between spindle microtubules and centromeric DNA and this attachment occurs at proteinaceous structures called kinetochore. Several centromere proteins such as CENP-A and CENP-H are the fundamental components of the human active kinetochore, and inappropriate expression of the centromere proteins could be a major cause of CIN. We have previously shown that CENP-A was overexpressed in primary human colorectal cancer. In this study, we show that CENP-H was also up-regulated in all of 15 primary human colorectal cancer tissues as well as in CIN tumor cell lines. Surprisingly, transient transfection of CENP-H expression plasmid into the diploid cell line HCT116 remarkably induced aneupoidy. Moreover, CENP-H stable transfectant of mouse embryonic fibroblast/3T3 cell lines showed aberrant interphase micronuclei, characteristic of chromosome missegregation. In these CENP-H overexpressed cells, CENP-H completely disappeared from the centromere of mitotic chromosomes, which might be the cause of the chromosome segregation defect. These results suggest that the aberrant expression and localization of a kinetochore protein CENP-H plays an important role in the aneuploidy frequently observed in colorectal cancers.
The discrepancy between quantitative IgE serology, skin test sensitivity and basophil releasability analysed with recombinant Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen
Authors: Ashok Purohit, S Laffer, Verena Niederberger, Florence Lieutier-Colas, Frédéric De Blay, R Valenta, Gabrielle Pauli
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Last call for the flight simulation test?
Authors: Luke S. Howard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Measuring PO 2 during flight simulation fails to predict which COPD patients develop complications during air travel http://ow.ly/nQ1Xo''Dear Colleague, Please see and advise on this patient with COPD who wishes to fly''.This is a common request from our non-respiratory colleagues and although we have guidelines to follow to assist in answering their queries, the evidence on which the guidelines are based is weak.The most recently published air travel recommendations are those from the British Thoracic Society (BTS) [1], which try to make some sense of the evidence and provide guidance based on expert consensus, but the recommendations for prescribing oxygen during a flight remain, at best, level C.Respiratory symptoms during flights are relatively common in studies of patients with COPD, with varying frequencies being reported, most likely depending on the method of recruitment.The UK Flight Outcomes Study [6] was a prospective study in which 243 patients with COPD took part (Global Initiative for Chronic
Absence of β7 integrin results in less graft-versus-host disease because of decreased homing of alloreactive T cells to intestine
Authors: Elisha Waldman, Sydney X. Lu, Vanessa M. Hubbard, Adam A. Kochman, Jeffrey M. Eng, Theis H. Terwey, Stephanie J. Muriglan, Theo D. Kim, Glenn Heller, George F. Murphy, Chen Liu, Onder Alpdogan, Marcel R. M. van den Brink
Journal: Blood (2005)
Geographic and temporal variations in pollen exposure across <scp>E</scp>urope
Authors: M. Smith, S. Jäger, U. Berger, B. Šikoparija, M. Hallsdottir, I. Sauliene, K‐C. Bergmann, C. H. Pashley, L. de Weger, B. Majkowska‐Wojciechowska, O. Rybníček, M. Thibaudon, R. Gehrig, M. Bonini, R. Yankova, A. Damialis, D. Vokou, A. M. Gutiérrez Bustillo, K. Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, R. van Ree
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background The EC ‐funded E uro P revall project examined the prevalence of food allergy across E urope. A well‐established factor in the occurrence of food allergy is primary sensitization to pollen. Objective To analyse geographic and temporal variations in pollen exposure, allowing the investigation of how these variations influence the prevalence and incidence of food allergies across E urope. Methods Airborne pollen data for two decades (1990–2009) were obtained from 13 monitoring sites located as close as possible to the E uro P revall survey centres. Start dates, intensity and duration of B etulaceae, O leaceae, P oaceae and A steraceae pollen seasons were examined. Mean, slope of the regression, probability level ( P ) and dominant taxa (%) were calculated. Trends were considered significant at P &lt; 0.05. Results On a E uropean scale, B etulaceae, in particular B etula , is the most dominant pollen exposure, two folds higher than to P oaceae, and greater than five folds higher than to O leaceae and A steraceae. Only in R eykjavik, M adrid and D erby was P oaceae the dominant pollen, as was O leaceae in T hessaloniki. Weed pollen ( A steraceae) was never dominant, exposure accounted for &gt;10% of total pollen exposure only in S iauliai ( A rtemisia ) and L egnano ( A mbrosia ). Consistent trends towards changing intensity or duration of exposure were not observed, possibly with the exception of (not significant) decreased exposure to A rtemisia and increased exposure to A mbrosia . Conclusions This is the first comprehensive study quantifying exposure to the major allergenic pollen families B etulaceae, O leaceae, P oaceae and A steraceae across E urope. These data can now be used for studies into patterns of sensitization and allergy to pollen and foods.
Human natural killer (NK) alloreactivity and its association with the major histocompatibility complex: ancestral haplotypes encode particular NK-defined haplotypes.
Authors: F T Christiansen, C S Witt, E Ciccone, D Townend, D Pende, D Viale, L J Abraham, R L Dawkins, L Moretta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

As ancestral haplotypes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) appear to define identical MHC haplotypes in unrelated individuals, unrelated individuals sharing the same ancestral haplotype should also share the same NK-defined allospecificities that have recently been shown to map to the human MHC. To test this prediction, multiple cell lines from unrelated individuals sharing the same ancestral haplotypes were tested for the NK-defined allospecificities. It was found that cells sharing the same ancestral haplotypes do have the same NK-defined specificities. Furthermore, the NK-defined phenotype of cells that possess two different ancestral haplotypes can be predicted from the NK-defined phenotypes of unrelated cells that are homozygous for the ancestral haplotypes concerned. Although the group 1 and 2 NK-defined allospecificities can be explained to some extent by HLA-C alleles, evidence is presented that additional genes may modify the phenotype conferred by HLA-C.
Role of the H-2 complex in the induction of T cell tolerance to self minor histocompatibility antigens.
Authors: E S Groves, A Singer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The present study has utilized cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses specific for minor histocompatibility (minor H) antigens as an experimental approach to determining whether recognition of self MHC determinants is involved in the induction of T cell tolerance to self antigens. It was observed that C3H.SW splenic T cells from C3H.SW leads to B10 X B10.BR radiation bone marrow chimeras contained CTL precursors (pCTL) reactive against self C3H minor H antigens + H-2k but were tolerant to self C3H minor H antigens + H-2b. Precursor CTL with the reciprocal reactivity pattern were observed for C3H leads to B10 X B10.BR chimeras. In addition, it was observed that C3H.SW thymocytes from C3H.SW leads to B10 X B10.BR chimeras could generate minor H-specific CTL responses and were reactive against self C3H minor H antigens + H-2k, but were tolerant to self C3H minor H antigens + H-2b. Thus, the present study demonstrates that for peripheral and intrathymic T cell populations at least a component of T cell tolerance to self antigens is restricted by products of the MHC.
Reply to “Properties of a disease-specific prion probe”
Authors: Eustache Paramithiotis, Marc Pinard, Trebor Lawton, Sylvie LaBoissiere, Valerie L Leathers, Wen-Quan Zou, Lisa A Estey, Julie Lamontagne, Marty T Lehto, Leslie H Kondejewski, Gregory P Francoeur, Maria Papadopoulos, Ashkan Haghighat, Stephen J Spatz, Mark Head, Robert Will, James Ironside, Katherine O'Rourke, Quentin Tonelli, Harry C Ledebur, Avi Chakrabartty, Neil R Cashman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Physician Predictors of Mammographic Accuracy
Authors: R. Smith-Bindman, P. Chu, D. L. Miglioretti, C. Quale, R. D. Rosenberg, G. Cutter, B. Geller, P. Bacchetti, E. A. Sickles, K. Kerlikowske
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Background: The association between physician experience and the accuracy of screening mammography in community practice is not well studied. We identified characteristics of U.S. physicians associated with the accuracy of screening mammography. Methods: Data were obtained from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium and the American Medical Association Master File. Unadjusted mammography sensitivity and specificity were calculated according to physician characteristics. We modeled mammography sensitivity and specificity by multivariable logistic regression as a function of patient and physician characteristics. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: We studied 209 physicians who interpreted 1 220 046 screening mammograms from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2000, of which 7143 (5.9 per 1000 mammograms) were associated with breast cancer within 12 months of screening. Each physician interpreted a mean of 6011 screening mammograms (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4998 to 6677), including a mean of 34 (95% CI = 28 to 40) from women diagnosed with breast cancer. The mean sensitivity was 77% (range = 29%–97%), and the mean false-positive rate was 10% (range = 1%–29%). After adjustment for the patient characteristics of those whose mammograms they interpreted, physician characteristics were strongly associated with specificity. Higher specificity was associated with at least 25 years (versus less than 10 years) since receipt of a medical degree (for physicians practicing for 25–29 years, odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.14 to 2.08; P = .006), interpretation of 2500–4000 (versus 481–750) screening mammograms annually (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.59; P = .011) and a high focus on screening mammography compared with diagnostic mammography (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.37 to 1.82; P <.001). Higher overall accuracy was associated with more experience and with a higher focus on screening mammography. Compared with physicians who interpret 481–750 mammograms annually and had a low screening focus, physicians who interpret 2500–4000 mammograms annually and had a high screening focus had approximately 50% fewer false-positive examinations and detected a few less cancers. Conclusion: Raising the annual volume requirements in the Mammography Quality Standards Act might improve the overall quality of screening mammography in the United States.
Clinical Features and Outcomes in Children with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody–Positive Glomerulonephritis Associated with Propylthiouracil Treatment
Authors: Mikiya Fujieda, Motoshi Hattori, Hideaki Kurayama, Yasushi Koitabashi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. A retrospective investigation was conducted by members of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Nephrology from 1990 to 1997 to define the clinical features and outcomes in children with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)–positive glomerulonephritis associated with propylthiouracil treatment. Seven Japanese pediatric patients who had myeloperoxidase-specific ANCA-positive biopsy-proven pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with propylthiouracil administration were entered in the study. Three patients had nephritis alone, and four had nephritis and extrarenal organ system vasculitis. Females predominated, and the mean age at onset was 14 yr. Propylthiouracil was reduced or discontinued in all patients and was switched to methimazole in three patients. For the treatment of nephritis, five patients received corticosteroids; three had pulse methylprednisolone, one had plasma exchange, and one had plasma exchange and pulse methylprednisolone before initiating oral prednisolone. The remaining two patients received cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, one of whom had pulse methylprednisolone before initiating oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. All patients achieved remission. In general, ANCA titers correlated with the response to treatment and disease activity, with some exceptions. No patient progressed to end-stage renal disease, renal dysfunction, or death during the follow-up period (58 ± 25 mo; range, 32 to 108 mo). All but one patient remained euthyroid. In conclusion, this experience suggests that the clinical disease spectrum of ANCA-positive disease associated with propylthiouracil treatment is similar in pediatric and adult patients and that the overall prognosis may be better than that in the non–drug-induced ANCA-positive disease.
Allergic contact dermatitis to 5-aminolaevulinic acid methylester but not to 5-aminolaevulinic acid after photodynamic therapy
Authors: H.C. Wulf, P. Philipsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Allergic contact dermatitis to 5‐aminolaevulinic acid methylester but not to 5‐aminolaevulinic acid after photodynamic therapy Get access H.C. Wulf, H.C. Wulf Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark Professor Hans Christian Wulf. E‐mail: hcw01@bbh.hosp.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Philipsen P. Philipsen Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 1, 1 January 2004, Pages 143–145, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05723.x Published: 01 January 2004 Article history Accepted: 01 August 2003 Published: 01 January 2004
The optimal dose of 5-aminosalicylic acid in active ulcerative colitis: A dose-finding study with newly developed mesalamine
Authors: Wolfgang Kruis, Simon Bar–Meir, Janos Feher, Oliver Mickisch, Horst Mlitz, Marek Faszczyk, Yehuda Chowers, Gabriella Lengyele, Agotá Kovacs, László Lakatos, Manfred Stolte, Michael Vieth, Roland Greinwald
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2003)
Study of Intrachromosomal Duplications Among the Eukaryote Genomes
Authors: Guillaume Achaz, Pierre Netter, Eric Coissac
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Complete eukaryote chromosomes were investigated for intrachromosomal duplications of nucleotide sequences. The analysis was performed by looking for nonexact repeats on two complete genomes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans, and four partial ones, Drosphila melanogaster, Plasmodium falciparum, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Homo sapiens. Through this analysis, we show that all eukaryote chromosomes exhibit similar characteristics for their intrachromosomal repeats, suggesting similar dynamics: many direct repeats have their two copies physically close together, and these close direct repeats are more similar and shorter than the other repeats. On the contrary, there are almost no close inverted repeats. These results support a model for the dynamics of duplication. This model is based on a continuous genesis of tandem repeats and implies that most of the distant and inverted repeats originate from these tandem repeats by further chromosomal rearrangements (insertions, inversions, and deletions). Remnants of these predicted rearrangements have been brought out through fine analysis of the chromosome sequence. Despite these dynamics, shared by all eukaryotes, each genome exhibits its own style of intrachromosomal duplication: the density of repeated elements is similar in all chromosomes issued from the same genome, but is different between species. This density was further related to the relative rates of duplication, deletion, and mutation proper to each species. One should notice that the density of repeats in the X chromosome of C. elegans is much lower than in the autosomes of that organism, suggesting that the exchange between homologous chromosomes is important in the duplication process.
CONFIDENTIALITY AND THE REQUEST FOR PSYCHIATRIC INFORMATION FOR NONTHERAPEUTIC PURPOSES
Authors: W. WALTER MENNINGER, JOSEPH T. ENGLISH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

As more agencies and organizations have become aware of psychiatric insights, they have requested information from psychiatrists about patients who have made application for special positions or situations with them. The Peace Corps is one agency which has sought information, with permission of the applicant, from psychiatrists about individuals who have seen them prior to making application for Peace Corps service. The Peace Corps recognizes that its seeking of information about an applicant's psychiatric contact is not primarily for therapeutic but for evaluative purposes. This request for information has been respected and acknowledged by most psychiatrists, but a good number have been concerned about confidentiality and a possible conflict of interest between psychiatric treatment and the use of psychiatric information for evaluative purposes. This paper has reviewed some of the complex questions surrounding this issue, utilizing the Peace Corps situation and policies as a basis for concrete discussion. Most of the questions raised are moot and have no simple resolution. An objective of this discussion is to provoke further thought as well as to urge careful consideration by all psychiatrists of the implications of the use of psychiatric information for nontherapeutic purposes, albeit with the permission of the patient.
Inhibition of Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor-κB Phosphorylation Increases the Efficacy of Paclitaxel in <b> <i>in Vitro</i> </b> and <b> <i>in Vivo</i> </b> Ovarian Cancer Models
Authors: Seiji Mabuchi, Masahide Ohmichi, Yukihiro Nishio, Tadashi Hayasaka, Akiko Kimura, Tsuyoshi Ohta, Jun Kawagoe, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Namiko Yada-Hashimoto, Hozumi Seino-Noda, Masahiro Sakata, Teiichi Motoyama, Hirohisa Kurachi, Joseph R. Testa, Keiichi Tasaka, Yuji Murata
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract We investigated whether inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) increases the efficacy of paclitaxel in in vitro and in vivo ovarian cancer models. Treatment of paclitaxel-sensitive Caov-3 cells with paclitaxel transiently activated the phosphorylation of Akt, the phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK), and the phosphorylation of inhibitor of NFκB (IκBα). Paclitaxel also caused a transient increase in NFκB activity, followed by a decrease in NFκB activity. We show an association between Akt and IKK and show that the phosphorylation of IKK induced by paclitaxel is blocked by treatment with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor (wortmannin or LY294002). Furthermore, interference of the Akt signaling cascade inhibits the transient induction of IκBα phosphorylation and NFκB activity by paclitaxel. Inhibition of NFκB activity by treatment with an IκBα phosphorylation inhibitor (BAY 11-7085) attenuated both basal and transient induction of IκBα phosphorylation by paclitaxel. Treatment with BAY 11-7085 also enhanced the inhibition of NFκB activity by paclitaxel for up to 24 hours. In addition, treatment with BAY 11-7085 decreased the viability of cells treated with paclitaxel. Moreover, treatment with BAY 11-7085 increased the efficacy of paclitaxel-induced inhibition of intraabdominal dissemination and production of ascites in athymic nude mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Caov-3 cells. These results suggest that paclitaxel transiently induces NFκB activity via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt cascade and that combination therapy with paclitaxel and an NFκB inhibitor would increase the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel.