tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pyogenic, tuberculous, and brucellar vertebral osteomyelitis: a descriptive and comparative study of 219 cases
Authors: J D Colmenero, M E Jiménez-Mejías, F J Sánchez-Lora, J M Reguera, J Palomino-Nicás, F Martos, J García de las Heras, J Pachón
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To describe a large series of patients with vertebral osteomyelitis (VO), and to compare the clinical, biological, radiological, and prognostic features of pyogenic (PVO), tuberculous (TVO), and brucellar vertebral osteomyelitis (BVO). <h3>METHODS</h3> A retrospective multicentre study, which included 219 adult patients with VO with confirmed aetiology, who were diagnosed between 1983 and 1995 in two tertiary care centres. Of these patients, 105 (48%) had BVO, 72 (33%) PVO, and 42 (19%) TVO. <h3>RESULTS</h3> One hundred and forty eight (67.6%) patients were male and 71 (32.4%) female. The mean (SD) age was 50.4 (16.4) years (range 14–84) and the mean (SD) duration of symptoms before the diagnosis was 14 (16.8) weeks. In 127 patients (57.9%) the vertebral level involved was lumbar, in 70 (31.9%) thoracic, and in 16 (7.3%) cervical. One hundred and nineteen patients (54.4%) received only medical treatment and 100 (45.6%) required both medical and surgical treatment. The presence of diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug abuse, underlying chronic debilitating diseases or immunosuppression, previous infections, preceeding bacteraemia, recent vertebral surgery, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were significantly associated to PVO. A prolonged clinical course, thoracic segment involvement, absence of fever, presence of spinal deformity, neurological deficit, and paravertebral or epidural masses, were significantly more frequent in the group of TVO. The need for surgical treatment and the presence of severe functional sequelae were more frequent in the groups of PVO and TVO. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> There are significant clinical, biological, radiological, and prognostic differences between BVO, PVO, and TVO. These differences can point to the causal agent and orient the initial empirical medical treatment while awaiting a final microbiological diagnosis.
Lung Transplantation at the Turn of the Century
Authors: Dawn L. DeMeo, Leo C. Ginns
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2001)

▪ Abstract Lung transplantation has become a viable treatment option for patients with end-stage lung disease. Donor selection and organ allocation must follow specific guidelines. Single, bilateral, and living-donor lobar transplantation have all been performed successfully for a variety of diseases. Complications include reimplantation response and airway complications. Rejection may occur in the hyperacute, acute, or chronic settings and requires judicious management with immunosuppression. Infection and malignancy remain potential complications of the commitment to lifelong systemic immunosuppression. Survival statistics have remained encouraging and continue to improve with experience. Improved exercise tolerance and quality of life have been demonstrated in the years following transplantation. Remaining obstacles include limited donor organ availability, long-term graft function, and patient survival. However, ongoing advances in immune tolerance and standardized training of physicians in the care of transplant patients should carry lung transplant forward in the twenty-first century.
Perturbation of the T4 molecule transmits a negative signal to T cells.
Authors: I Bank, L Chess
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

We investigated the functional role of the T4 molecule in the activation of T cells by OKT3. T4+ cells were induced to proliferate by OKT3 and erythrocyte rosette-negative accessory cells in the presence or absence of OKT4C, OKT4, and OKT1. OKT4C (IgG1), and not OKT4 (IgG2) or OKT1 (IgG1) inhibited proliferation when OKT4C was added during the first 24 h of cell culture. The inhibition of OKT3 activation by OKT4C did not require Ia+ accessory cells, since T4+ cells could be activated by OKT3 in the presence of Ia- U937 cells, and this activation was markedly inhibited by OKT4C. Furthermore, T4+ cells could be induced to proliferate by OKT3 covalently linked to Sepharose beads, in the absence of any accessory cells. Under these conditions, OKT4C, but not OKT4 or OKT1 significantly inhibited proliferation. These data demonstrate that at least one mechanism by which anti-T4 antibodies inhibit T cell activation is independent of any putative role of T4 molecules in the recognition of Ia on target cells. The data are compatible with the idea that perturbation of the T4 molecules can transmit a negative signal to T4+ cells.
Human rights in youth sport
Authors: Nicola Maffulli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Edited by P David. London: Published by Routledge, 2005, £70.00 (soft cover), pp 338. ISBN 0415305594

It may not be apparent unless one works in the field, but abuse of athletic children in the name of their sports is relatively widespread, even in so-called civilised societies. It includes the imposition of training regimes suited for adult athletes, punishment, encouraging the development of eating disorders and doping, psychological, sexual and emotional abuse from parents and coaches (who should be the protectors of the child athlete), and other competitors (who might be …
Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: systematic review
Authors: Penny Whiting, Roger Harbord, Caroline Main, Jonathan J Deeks, Graziella Filippini, Matthias Egger, Jonathan A C Sterne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging criteria for the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in patients with suspected disease. <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Data sources</b> 12 electronic databases, citation searches, and reference lists of included studies. <b>Review methods</b> Studies on accuracy of diagnosis that compared magnetic resonance imaging, or diagnostic criteria incorporating such imaging, to a reference standard for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. <b>Results</b> 29 studies (18 cohort studies, 11 other designs) were included. On average, studies of other designs (mainly diagnostic case-control studies) produced higher estimated diagnostic odds ratios than did cohort studies. Among 15 studies of higher methodological quality (cohort design, clinical follow-up as reference standard), those with longer follow-up produced higher estimates of specificity and lower estimates of sensitivity. Only two such studies followed patients for more than10 years. Even in the presence of many lesions (&gt; 10 or &gt; 8), magnetic resonance imaging could not accurately rule multiple sclerosis in (likelihood ratio of a positive test result 3.0 and 2.0, respectively). Similarly, the absence of lesions was of limited utility in ruling out a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (likelihood ratio of a negative test result 0.1 and 0.5). <b>Conclusions</b> Many evaluations of the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for the early detection of multiple sclerosis have produced inflated estimates of test performance owing to methodological weaknesses. Use of magnetic resonance imaging to confirm multiple sclerosis on the basis of a single attack of neurological dysfunction may lead to over-diagnosis and over-treatment.
Native and reconstituted HDL protect cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis
Authors: Miguel A. Frias, Ursula Lang, Christine Gerber-Wicht, Richard W. James
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

We analysed the impact of native and reconstituted HDL on doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. While it is an effective anti-cancer agent, doxorubicin has serious cardiotoxic side effects. HDL has been shown to protect cardiomyocytes, notably against oxidative stress. Cultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were subjected to doxorubicin-induced stress, monitored as caspase3 activation, apoptotic DNA fragmentation and cell viability. The protective effects of HDL and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) were investigated using native HDL, reconstituted HDL of varied composition and agonists and antagonists of S1P receptors. Anti-apoptotic signalling pathways were identified with specific inhibitors. Native and reconstituted HDL significantly decreased doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, essentially due to the S1P component of HDL. The latter was mediated by the S1P2 receptor, but not the S1P1 or S1P3 receptors. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signalling pathway was required for the anti-apoptotic effects of HDL and S1P. The transcription factor Stat3 also played an important role, as inhibition of its activity compromised the protective effects of HDL and S1P on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. HDL and its sphingosine-1-phosphate component can protect cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin toxicity and may offer one means of reducing cardiotoxic side effects during doxorubicin therapy. The study identified anti-apoptotic pathways that could be exploited to improve cardiomyocyte survival.
High Incidence of Vertebral Fractures in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 12 Months After the Initiation of Therapy
Authors: Nathalie Alos, Ronald M. Grant, Timothy Ramsay, Jacqueline Halton, Elizabeth A. Cummings, Paivi M. Miettunen, Sharon Abish, Stephanie Atkinson, Ronald Barr, David A. Cabral, Elizabeth Cairney, Robert Couch, David B. Dix, Conrad V. Fernandez, John Hay, Sara Israels, Caroline Laverdière, Brian Lentle, Victor Lewis, MaryAnn Matzinger, Celia Rodd, Nazih Shenouda, Robert Stein, David Stephure, Shayne Taback, Beverly Wilson, Kathryn Williams, Frank Rauch, Kerry Siminoski, Leanne M. Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis are a potential complication of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To date, the incidence of vertebral fractures during ALL treatment has not been reported.We prospectively evaluated 155 children with ALL during the first 12 months of leukemia therapy. Lateral thoracolumbar spine radiographs were obtained at baseline and 12 months. Vertebral bodies were assessed for incident vertebral fractures using the Genant semiquantitative method, and relevant clinical indices such as spine bone mineral density (BMD), back pain, and the presence of vertebral fractures at baseline were analyzed for association with incident vertebral fractures.Of the 155 children, 25 (16%; 95% CI, 11% to 23%) had a total of 61 incident vertebral fractures, of which 32 (52%) were moderate or severe. Thirteen (52%) of the 25 children with incident vertebral fractures also had fractures at baseline. Vertebral fractures at baseline increased the odds of an incident fracture at 12 months by an odds ratio of 7.3 (95% CI, 2.3 to 23.1; P = .001). In addition, for every one standard deviation reduction in spine BMD Z-score at baseline, there was 1.8-fold increased odds of incident vertebral fracture at 12 months (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.7; P = .006).Children with ALL have a high incidence of vertebral fractures after 12 months of chemotherapy, and the presence of vertebral fractures and reductions in spine BMD Z-scores at baseline are highly associated clinical features.
Use of the Enteroscope for Colo-Ileoscopy: Low Yield in Unexplained Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: None Belaiche, None Van Kemseke, None Louis
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: The small intestine is a potential origin of bleeding in patients with unexplained gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage or iron-deficiency anemia. Most reports on the investigation of these patients describe the use of upper tract enteroscopy. The diagnostic yield of combined upper and lower enteroscopy has not been widely assessed and remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to assess the benefit of lower gastrointestinal tract enteroscopy in occult digestive bleeding.
Antibody targeted CpG for the immunotherapy of solid tumors
Authors: Alan L Epstein, Julie Jang, Peisheng Hu, Leslie A Khawli
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts This work describes a method to improve the therapeutic effects of unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) analogues which can be used to stimulate the innate immune system. It is based upon the generation of novel reagents that can be used to target tumors after linkage of
Developmental Programming of Branching Morphogenesis in the Kidney
Authors: Rosemary V. Sampogna, Laura Schneider, Qais Al-Awqati
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

The kidney developmental program encodes the intricate branching and organization of approximately 1 million functional units (nephrons). Branching regulation is poorly understood, as is the source of a 10-fold variation in nephron number. Notably, low nephron count increases the risk for developing hypertension and renal failure. To better understand the source of this variation, we analyzed the complete gestational trajectory of mouse kidney development. We constructed a computerized architectural map of the branching process throughout fetal life and found that organogenesis is composed of two distinct developmental phases, each with stage-specific rate and morphologic parameters. The early phase is characterized by a rapid acceleration in branching rate and by branching divisions that repeat with relatively reproducible morphology. The latter phase, however, is notable for a significantly decreased yet constant branching rate and the presence of nonstereotyped branching events that generate progressive variability in tree morphology until birth. Our map identifies and quantitates the contribution of four developmental mechanisms that guide organogenesis: growth, patterning, branching rate, and nephron induction. When applied to organs that developed under conditions of malnutrition or in the setting of growth factor mutation, our normative map provided an essential link between kidney architecture and the fundamental morphogenetic mechanisms that guide development. This morphogenetic map is expected to find widespread applications and help identify modifiable targets to prevent developmental programming of common diseases.
Association of bronchiolitis with connective tissue disorders.
Authors: M Hakala, P Paakko, S Sutinen, E Huhti, O Koivisto, M Tarkka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Among 173 consecutive open lung biopsies, nine gave a histopathological diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Seven of these patients had some connective tissue disorder (CTD), six of whom are presented in this report; two had classical and one possible rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one ankylosing spondylitis, one scleroderma, and one developed classical RA four years after biopsy. Four of the patients were smokers, most suffered from breathlessness and cough. In terms of lung function three patients had obstruction, one both restriction and obstruction and three a decreased diffusion capacity. For control purposes peripheral lung tissue was studied histologically from 24 consecutive smoking patients without CTD who underwent a lobectomy for cancer. Intraluminal plugs and mucosal lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the bronchiolar walls were more prevalent and abundant in the CTD patients than in the controls (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001 respectively). Two CTD patients also showed some obliterative bronchiolitis. Corticosteroids were effective in one out of four patients treated. One patient improved and the others did not show any progression during the follow up. The results suggest that smoking alone does not explain the lesions of the small airways found in CTD patients, and that bronchiolitis may be specifically associated with the basic disorder in such cases.
Microvesicle-mediated RNA Molecule Delivery System Using Monocytes/Macrophages
Authors: Yukihiro Akao, Akio Iio, Tomohiro Itoh, Shunsuke Noguchi, Yuko Itoh, Yoshinori Ohtsuki, Tomoki Naoe
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, which are shed from cells as a cell-to-cell communication tool, are possible vehicles for navigating RNA molecules to body tissues. It is considered that intravenous injection of such MVs or exosomes from patients would not cause severe not-self and toxic reactions. Previously, we found that macrophages take up liposome-entrapped RNA molecules, some of which remain undegraded in the cells. Here, we demonstrate that transfected RNA molecules in human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells were shed from THP-1 macrophages as contents in MVs during incubation in serum-free medium, which shedding was shown by biochemical analyses such as quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR, expression of TSG101 (a membrane-associated exosomal protein), and immunoelectron microscopic study. More chemically modified RNA molecules (miR-143BPs) entrapped by MVs (MV-miR-143BPs) were secreted from THP-1 macrophages after miR-143BP transfection compared with the amount after transfection with nonmodified miR-143 transfection. Furthermore, we show that the THP-1 macrophages, which were transfected with the miR-143BP ex vivo, secreted MV-miR-143BPs in xenografted nude mice after intravenous injection, because miR-143 levels were significantly increased in the serum, tumor, and kidney of the host animals. These data suggest that some of the transfected miR-143BPs were secreted from THP-1 macrophages as MV-RNAs both in vitro and in vivo.
T-cadherin upregulation correlates with cell-cycle progression and promotes proliferation of vascular cells
Authors: D IVANOV
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

In vascular tissue, T-cadherin (T-cad) levels correlate with the progression of atherosclerosis, restenosis and tumour neovascularization. This study investigates whether T-cad influences proliferation of vascular cells.Cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and rat and human aortic smooth muscle cells (rSMC, hSMC) were used. T-cad was overexpressed in HUVEC and hSMC using an adenoviral expression system. In cultures released from G(1)/G(0) synchrony parallel immunoblot analysis of T-cad and cell cycle phase specific markers (p27(Kip1), cyclin D1, E2F1, PCNA, cyclin B) showed increased T-cad protein levels subsequent to entry into early S-phase with sustained elevation through S-and M-phases. T-cad was increased in G(2)/M-phase (colchicine) synchronized cultures. In FACS-sorted cell populations, expression of T-cad in S-and G(2)/M-phase was higher than G(1)/G(0)-phase. Compared with empty-and LacZ-vector infected controls, HUVEC and hSMC overexpressing T-cad exhibited increased proliferation as assessed in enumeration and DNA synthesis assays. Additionally, following release from G(1)/G(0) synchrony, HUVEC and hSMC overexpressing T-cad enter S-phase more rapidly. Flow cytometry after BrdU/propidium labelling confirmed increased cell cycle progression in T-cad overexpressing cells.In vascular cells, T-cad is dynamically regulated during the cell cycle and its expression functions in the promotion of proliferation. T-cad may facilitate progression of proliferative vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, restenosis and tumour angiogenesis.
Medical treatment of biliary duct stones: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid administration.
Authors: G Salvioli, R Salati, R Lugli, C Zanni
Journal: Gut (1983)

Twenty-eight patients with radiolucent biliary duct stones without cholangitis and jaundice were randomly allocated into two treatment groups receiving ursodeoxycholic acid 12 mg/kg (group A) or placebo (group B) in three daily doses for 24 months. In group A stones disappeared completely in seven patients and partially in one; placebo administration had no effect on stone size and three patients of group B (only one of group A) went to surgery for complications. Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment did not adversely affect liver function tests, and alkaline phosphatase decreased. Abdominal and biliary colics also became less frequent in the first six months of therapy in group A, but not in the placebo group. The bile was supersaturated with cholesterol in both groups, but decreased significantly only in patients receiving ursodeoxycholic acid even though the lithogenic index remained high. Cholesterol saturation of bile does not seem to be the only factor determining the dissolution of biliary duct stones which sometimes contain cholesterol as the main component.
Bipolar Esophageal Electrocardiography in Unusual Cardiac Mechanisms.
Authors: G. D. Copeland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Bipolar Esophageal Electrocardiography in Unusual Cardiac Mechanisms.G. D. Copeland, M.D. (Associate), N. K. Salky, M.D., D. A. Brody, M.D.G. D. Copeland, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, N. K. Salky, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. A. Brody, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-711_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the past 5 years, the salt-bridge bipolar esophageal lead has proved, in our hands, superior to the unipolar esophageal lead and to body surface leads in the diagnosis of complex and unusual cardiac mechanisms. Technical difficulties, particularly erratic baseline behavior, are greatly minimized by the salt-bridge technique. Properly positioned esophageal leads serve as near-direct leads to the left atrium and thus enlarge the deflection of atrial depolarization.It is possible, with the bipolar esophageal electrode, to record tracings which show virtual cancellation of the ventricular complexes; by contrast, the enlargement of the atrial deflections is greatly accentuated. Furthermore, this... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: G. D. Copeland, M.D. (Associate); N. K. Salky, M.D.; D. A. Brody, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 711-712KeywordsBehaviorDepolarizationElectrocardiographyElectrode recordingLeft atrium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
SPECIFICITY OF FIXATION LOCI FOR HOMOCYTOTROPIC ANTIBODIES
Authors: Jack R. Battisto, Daniel Budman, Robert Freedman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The heat-stable, homocytotropic antibody synthesized by guinea pigs to highly purified dextran has been studied by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). Antibody arising in single guinea pigs was found to give PCA in some homologous recipients but not in others. Data are presented which indicate that the antibodies are bound in the skin of some animals to a greater degree than in that of others. This suggests some type of variability, perhaps allotypic, in the Fc portion of these immunoglobulins which relates to specificities of the loci where Fc becomes fixed in skin.
When Wishful Thinking Leads to a Misty-Eyed Appraisal: The Story of the Adjuvant Colon Cancer Trials With Edrecolomab
Authors: Hans-Joachim Schmoll, Dirk Arnold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Colorectal cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer in the Western world, with a worldwide incidence of about 1 million, and with 70% to 80% of patients presenting initially with potentially curable stage I to III disease, according to International Union Against Cancer criteria of tumor staging. Today, the 5-year survival rates of patients with high-risk stage II and III colon cancer treated with adjuvant fluorouracil (FU) plus oxaliplatin chemotherapy and patients with stage II to III rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy are 78.5% and 67%, respectively, whereas in the 1980s,thesurvivalrateofpatientswithstageIIIcolonandrectalcancer undergoingsurgeryalonewasonly45%to55%. 1-3 Therefore,20years