tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of intensive chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia associated with a preleukemic syndrome.
Authors: J L Gajewski, W G Ho, S D Nimer, K F Hirji, L Gekelman, A D Jacobs, R E Champlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

One hundred ninety-six patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were treated with intensive induction chemotherapy using similar daunorubicin/cytarabine/thioguanine regimens. Treatment results of 44 patients who had a documented preleukemic syndrome or cytopenia present for more than 2 months before developing over AML were compared with 152 patients with de novo AML. Eighteen (41%) patients with preleukemia evolving into AML achieved complete remission compared with 111 (73%) patients with de novo AML (P less than .01). Patients with preleukemia-AML had a significantly longer period to recovery of granulocytes. Multivariate analysis indicated that presence of a previous preleukemic syndrome and advancing age were independent poor prognostic indicators for achieving remission. For patients who achieved remission, disease-free survival and overall survival were also inferior for patients with previous preleukemia; disease-free survival was 17 +/- 17% at 3 years compared with 29 +/- 10% in patients with de novo AML (P = .02). These data indicate that intensive chemotherapy has limited efficacy in patients with AML following a preleukemic syndrome. Durable remissions may be achieved in some patients.
TNF antagonists and shingles: is vaccination advisable?
Authors: Muhammad K Nisar, Andrew J K Ostor
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

We read with interest the report by Galloway et al 1 on the risk of skin and soft tissue infections (including shingles) in patients exposed to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists from the British Society of Rheumatology biologics register (BSRBR). In the light of our recently published systematic literature review of the risk of shingles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, we would like to address several issues raised in the report.2 The authors state that the incidence of shingles is 1.6/100 patient-year (PY) in the anti-TNF cohort compared with 0.8/100PY in the non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (nbDMARD) group. However, it is well established that RA patients have an inherently higher risk of shingles irrespective of treatment modality.3 In a retrospective analysis of data from a US managed care database (n=122 272) and a UK general practice research database (n=38 621), an increased risk of shingles was found among all patients with RA …
Acute-Onset Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Syndrome Secondary to Metastatic Endometrioid Carcinoma of the Ovaries As a Fatal Complication
Authors: Maryam I. Khan, Steven G. Waguespack, Mouhammed A. Habra, Russell Broaddus, Camilo Jimenez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)
The Relationship Between Maximal Expiratory Flow and Increases of Maximal Exercise Capacity with Exercise Training
Authors: TONY G. BABB, KELLY A. LONG, JOSEPH R. RODARTE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We previously reported that patients with mild to moderate airflow limitation have a lower exercise capacity than age-matched controls with normal lung function, but the mechanism of this reduction remains unclear (1). Although the reduced exercise capacity appeared consistent with deconditioning, the patients had altered breathing mechanics during exercise, which raised the possibility that the reduced exercise capacity and the altered breathing mechanics may have been causally related. Reversal of reduced exercise capacity by an adequate exercise training program is generally accepted as evidence of deconditioning as the cause of the reduced exercise capacity. We studied 11 asymptomatic volunteer subjects (58 ± 8 yr of age [mean ± SD]) selected to have a range of lung function (FEV1 from 61 to 114% predicted, with a mean of 90 ± 18% predicted). Only one subject had an FEV1 of less than 70% predicted. Gas exchange and lung mechanics were measured during both steady-state and maximal exercise before and after training for 30 min/d on 3 d/wk for 10 wk, beginning at the steady-state workload previously determined to be the maximum steady-state exercise level that subjects could sustain for 30 min without exceeding 90% of their observed maximal heart rate (HR). The training workload was increased if the subject's HR decreased during the training period. After 10 wk, subjects performed another steady-state exercise test at the initial pretraining level, and another maximal exercise test. HR decreased significantly between the first and second steady-state exercise tests (p < 0.05), and maximal oxygen uptake (V˙ o 2max) and ventilation increased significantly (p < 0.05) during the incremental test, indicating a training effect. However, the training effect did not occur in all subjects. Relationships between exercise parameters and lung function were examined by regression against FEV1 expressed as percent predicted. There was a significant positive correlation between V˙ o 2max percent predicted and FEV1 percent predicted (p < 0.02), and a negative correlation between FEV1 and end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) at maximal exercise (p < 0.03). There was no significant correlation between FEV1 and maximal HR achieved during exercise; moreover, all subjects achieved a maximal HR in excess of 80% predicted, suggesting a cardiovascular limitation to exercise. These data do not support the hypothesis that the lower initial V˙ o 2max in the subjects with a reduced FEV1 was due to deconditioning. Although increased EELV at maximal exercise, reduced V˙ o 2max, and a reduced V˙ o 2max response with training are all statistically associated with a reduced FEV1, there is no direct evidence of causality.
Cardiac Rhythm Disturbances and the Release of Catecholamines After Acute Coronary Occlusion in Dogs
Authors: L. Ceremuzynski, J. Staszewska-Barczak, K. Herbaczynska-Cedro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Acute occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery in dogs led to a development of ventricular arrhythmias in 39 of 68 animals examined. In 35 of these 39 dogs ventricular arrhythmias were associated with an increased release of catecholamines into the bloodstream. In dogs which failed to secrete catecholamines and showed no ectopic activity after coronary ligation, intravenous infusions of adrenaline provoked ventricular arrhythmias after coronary ligation, but not before. The specific β-receptor blocking agents, propranolol and I.C.I. 50 172, suppressed arrhythmias after coronary occlusion.
Change in Airway Responsiveness among Apprentices Exposed to Metalworking Fluids
Authors: SUSAN M. KENNEDY, MOIRA CHAN-YEUNG, KAY TESCHKE, BARBARA KARLEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

To investigate early pulmonary responses to metalworking fluid exposure, we enrolled first-year machinist apprentices and apprentices in three other trades into a 2-yr longitudinal study. We obtained complete data for 82 machinists and 159 control subjects. Tests included respiratory questionnaires, spirometry, methacholine challenge, and allergy skin tests. Details on duration of exposure were collected by interview and 68 representative full shift personal samples for "total aerosol" were obtained from 13 shops (mean: 0.46 mg/m3, range: < 0.7 to 3.65 mg/m3). Machinists and control subjects did not differ at baseline. At follow-up, average change in bronchial responsiveness was double in machinists compared with control subjects (p = 0.05), and machinists were more likely to have developed new bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) with asthmalike symptoms. In linear regression analysis, for predictors of methacholine slope, increased BHR was associated with duration of exposure to both synthetic and soluble metalworking fluids (p < 0.05); in logistic regression analysis, for predictors of BHR, only duration of exposure to synthetic fluids was a significant predictor. Results were not changed when workers with PC20 < 8 mg/ml at baseline were excluded. We conclude that exposure to water-based metalworking fluids (especially synthetic fluids) is associated with increasing BHR during the first 2 yr of exposure.
Nail dystrophy, an unusual presentation of incontinentia pigmenti
Authors: N. Nicolaou, R.A.C. Graham-Brown
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

We describe a 57-year-old woman with a history of nail dystrophy since the age of 11 years. Multiple nail clippings were negative and multiple empirical treatments for presumed onychomycosis were unsuccessful. The patient has a daughter with classical incontinentia pigmenti. Molecular genetic analysis was positive for the NEMO gene deletion on the X chromosome, confirming the diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti. Nail dystrophy was the sole feature of the disease in our patient.
Effects of cigarette smoking upon clinical outcomes of assisted reproduction: a meta-analysis
Authors: A.L. Waylen, M. Metwally, G.L. Jones, A.J. Wilkinson, W.L. Ledger
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2008)

The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether any difference exists in success rate of clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) between women who actively smoke cigarettes at the time of treatment and those who do not.An intensive computerized search was conducted on published literature from eight databases, using search terms related to smoking, assisted reproduction and outcome measures. Eligible studies compared outcomes of ART between cigarette smoking patients and a control group of non-smoking patients and reported on live birth rate per cycle, clinical pregnancy rate per cycle, ectopic pregnancy rate per pregnancy or spontaneous miscarriage rate per pregnancy, and 21 studies were included in the meta-analyses. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the data, and statistical heterogeneity was tested for using chi(2) and I(2) values. A systematic review examined the effect of smoking upon fertilization rates across 17 studies.Smoking patients demonstrated significantly lower odds of live birth per cycle (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30-0.99), significantly lower odds of clinical pregnancy per cycle (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43-0.73), significantly higher odds of spontaneous miscarriage (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.33-5.30) and significantly higher odds of ectopic pregnancy (OR 15.69, 95% CI 2.87-85.76). A systematic literature review revealed that fertilization rates were not significantly different between smoking and non-smoking groups in most studies.This meta-analysis provides compelling evidence for a significant negative effect of cigarette smoking upon clinical outcomes of ART and should be presented to infertility patients who smoke cigarettes in order to optimize success rates.
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL, MANCHESTER. ULCERATION OF CERVIX UTERI, FOLLOWED BY PERIOSTEAL INFLAMMATION OF HIP-JOINT
Authors: Geo. B. Masfen
Journal: BMJ (1856)

aoartion of the bowels: it shows that primary suppurtive i;nfammation of the liver may exist for aie years without leading to any ulceration, or, indeed, disme of any kind, of the intestine.
Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure in the longitudinal assessment of young Duchenne muscular dystrophy children
Authors: Véronique Nève, Jean-Marie Cuisset, Jean-Louis Edmé, Alain Carpentier, Mike Howsam, Olivier Leclerc, Régis Matran
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Traditional measures of respiratory function in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are based on maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and vital capacity (VC). Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) measurements are easily performed by young children with neuromuscular disorders. The clinical value of SNIP in the longitudinal assessment of respiratory weakness remains to be assessed. The objective of the present study was to assess longitudinally the changes in SNIP, PImax and VC with age in DMD children. We hypothesised that their longitudinal assessment would show an earlier decline in SNIP than VC. A 3-year, prospective follow-up, at 6-month intervals of, 33 steroid-naïve, 5-20-year-old DMD patients was analysed using a linear mixed model. SNIP measurements were reliable (within-session coefficient of variation 8%). SNIP and VC increased until 10.5 and 12.5 years of age, respectively, and declined thereafter, while PImax did not change with age. SNIP was an earlier marker of decline in respiratory muscle strength (at 10.5 years) than VC (at 12.5 years) in young DMD patients. SNIP longitudinal assessment is useful in the detection of inspiratory strength decline in young DMD patients when VC values remain within normal values and as an outcome measure in clinical trials for emerging therapeutics in young DMD patients from the age of 5 years.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Debra L. Safer, Christy F. Telch, W. Stewart Agras
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

The effects of dialectical behavior therapy adapted for the treatment of binge/purge behaviors were examined.Thirty-one women (averaging at least one binge/purge episode per week) were randomly assigned to 20 weeks of dialectical behavior therapy or 20 weeks of a waiting-list comparison condition. The manual-based dialectical behavior therapy focused on training in emotion regulation skills.An intent-to-treat analysis showed highly significant decreases in binge/purge behavior with dialectical behavior therapy compared to the waiting-list condition. No significant group differences were found on any of the secondary measures.The use of dialectical behavior therapy adapted for treatment of bulimia nervosa was associated with a promising decrease in binge/purge behaviors.
Assessment of algorithms for mitosis detection in breast cancer histopathology images
Authors: Mitko Veta, Paul J. van Diest, Stefan M. Willems, Haibo Wang, Anant Madabhushi, Angel Cruz-Roa, Fabio Gonzalez, Anders B.L. Larsen, Jacob S. Vestergaard, Anders B. Dahl, Dan C. Cireşan, Jürgen Schmidhuber, Alessandro Giusti, Luca M. Gambardella, F. Boray Tek, Thomas Walter, Ching-Wei Wang, Satoshi Kondo, Bogdan J. Matuszewski, Frederic Precioso, Violet Snell, Josef Kittler, Teofilo E. de Campos, Adnan M. Khan, Nasir M. Rajpoot, Evdokia Arkoumani, Miangela M. Lacle, Max A. Viergever, Josien P.W. Pluim
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2014)
In early rheumatoid arthritis, patients with a good initial response to methotrexate have excellent 2-year clinical outcomes, but radiological progression is not fully prevented: data from the methotrexate responders population in the SWEFOT trial
Authors: Hamed Rezaei, Saedis Saevarsdottir, Kristina Forslind, Kristina Albertsson, Helena Wallin, Johan Bratt, Sofia Ernestam, Pierre Geborek, Ingemar F Pettersson, Ronald F van Vollenhoven
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the 2-year clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA; symptom duration &lt;1 year) who had initially responded well to methotrexate monotherapy. <h3>Methods</h3> In the SWEFOT trial, all 487 patients started methotrexate (target dose 20 mg/week). After 3–4 months, 147 had low disease activity, 28-joint based disease activity score (DAS28) ≤3.2. These patients were not randomly selected but were followed in regular care for 2 years. Clinical outcomes and radiographic progression according to the van der Heijde modified Sharp (SvdH) score were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> The majority of the 147 patients continued on methotrexate monotherapy. After 1 and 2 years, DAS28 remission was achieved in 59.6% and 71.8% and mean observed DAS28 values were 2.53 and 2.25, respectively. Despite the favourable clinical course, a proportion of the patients progressed radiographically with a mean (SD) increase in the SvdH score after 2 years of 3.90 (6.84). There was no significant difference in progression between patients in DAS28 remission versus not in remission (p=0.73). At baseline, approximately half the patients had no radiographic damage, while after 2 years the proportion was approximately 20%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Most early RA patients who achieve low disease activity after 3–4 months of methotrexate monotherapy continue to have low disease activity during 2 years follow-up, and additional treatment is needed infrequently. Some radiological progression occurs in most patients, and may be marked or severe in some, even despite sustained DAS28 remission. Close monitoring for radiological progression is thus warranted.
Responses to sustained use of anabolic steroid.
Authors: R. J. Shephard, D. Killinger, T. Fried
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

Description is given of six body-builders who had been taking Methandrostenolone (up to 20 mg/day in intermittent courses for a year or more). At the time of examination there was no subjective disturbance of sexual function, but testosterone levels were low relative to laboratory standards and luteinizing hormone levels were also reduced - particularly in relation to testosterone concentrations. Abnormal liver function tests were seen in three of the six subjects, and one had mild diabetes with high serum cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid. The weight gain of the group was not outstanding, and the only possible finding was a high haemoglobin and haematocrit in one of the six subjects.
Guidelines for the Reporting of Renal Artery Revascularization in Clinical Trials
Authors: John H. Rundback, David Sacks, K. Craig Kent, Christopher Cooper, Daniel Jones, Timothy Murphy, Kenneth Rosenfield, Christopher White, Michael Bettmann, Stanley Cortell, Jules Puschett, Dan Clair, Patricia Cole
Journal: Circulation (2002)

HomeCirculationVol. 106, No. 12Guidelines for the Reporting of Renal Artery Revascularization in Clinical Trials
An Anatomical Evaluation of the Myocardial Length-Tension Diagram
Authors: WILLIAM A. GAY, EDWARD A. JOHNSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

A method of examining a small (50 to 100 µ o.d.) strand of living cardiac muscle containing several fibers with a high power optical system is described. When the strand was stretched so that it was just taut, the muscle fibers within were found to be slack and severely buckled. An extension of 40 to 60% of this initial length was required before the fibers became straightened and aligned with the long axis of the strand. This finding can account for the fact that cardiac muscle, unlike skeletal muscle, must be subjected to considerable passive tension before its maximum active tension can develop. The resting sarcomere length (that observed when the fiber is just straightened) was 2.0 to 2.2µ. Overall strand length and sarcomere length were measured and had no accurately predictable relation. Rabbit papillary muscle fixed at a length at which the passive tension was just zero showed similar buckling of the muscle fibers. The collagen content (in the form of hydroxyproline analysis) of heart muscle was approximately 6 times that of skeletal muscle. The significance of these findings and their relation to some previously reported mechanical properties of cardiac muscle are discussed.
Hormone levels of world class cyclists during the Tour of Spain stage race
Authors: A Lucía, B Díaz, J Hoyos, C Fernández, G Villa, F Bandrés, J L Chicharro
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

To evaluate the hormonal response to strenuous endurance exercise performed by elite athletes.Nine professional cyclists (mean (SD) age 28 (1) years; mean (SD) VO(2)MAX 75.3 (2.3) ml/kg/min) who participated in a three week tour race (Vuelta a España 1999) were selected as subjects. Morning urinary levels of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and morning serum levels of testosterone, follicle stimulating (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), and cortisol were measured in each subject at t(0) (before the competition), t(1) (end of first week), t(2) (end of second week), and t(3) (end of third week). Urine samples of aMT6s were also evaluated in the evening at t(0), t(1), t(2), and t(3).Mean urinary aMT6s levels had increased significantly (p<0.01) during the day after each stage (1091 (33) v 683 (68) ng/ml at t(1); 955 (19) v 473 (53) ng/ml at t(2); 647 (61) v 337 (47) ng/ml at t(3)). Both morning and evening aMT6s levels decreased significantly during the study. A similar pattern was observed for morning serum levels of cortisol and testosterone.The results suggest that the basal activity of the pineal gland, adrenal glands, and testis may be decreased after consecutive days of intense, long term exercise.
LMX1B Mutations Cause Hereditary FSGS without Extrarenal Involvement
Authors: Olivia Boyer, Stéphanie Woerner, Fan Yang, Edward J. Oakeley, Bolan Linghu, Olivier Gribouval, Marie-Josèphe Tête, José S. Duca, Lloyd Klickstein, Amy J. Damask, Joseph D. Szustakowski, Françoise Heibel, Marie Matignon, Véronique Baudouin, François Chantrel, Jacqueline Champigneulle, Laurent Martin, Patrick Nitschké, Marie-Claire Gubler, Keith J. Johnson, Salah-Dine Chibout, Corinne Antignac
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

LMX1B encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that is essential during development. Mutations in LMX1B cause nail-patella syndrome, characterized by dysplasia of the patellae, nails, and elbows and FSGS with specific ultrastructural lesions of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). By linkage analysis and exome sequencing, we unexpectedly identified an LMX1B mutation segregating with disease in a pedigree of five patients with autosomal dominant FSGS but without either extrarenal features or ultrastructural abnormalities of the GBM suggestive of nail-patella-like renal disease. Subsequently, we screened 73 additional unrelated families with FSGS and found mutations involving the same amino acid (R246) in 2 families. An LMX1B in silico homology model suggested that the mutated residue plays an important role in strengthening the interaction between the LMX1B homeodomain and DNA; both identified mutations would be expected to diminish such interactions. In summary, these results suggest that isolated FSGS could result from mutations in genes that are also involved in syndromic forms of FSGS. This highlights the need to include these genes in all diagnostic approaches to FSGS that involve next-generation sequencing.
Teaching Preventive Medicine and Health Maintenance
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher, Suzanne W. Fletcher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Preventive health care is an important part of the practice of internal medicine but is poorly taught and practiced in most residencies. A successful curriculum would impart knowledge of the preventive health care guidelines recommended by expert groups; provide opportunities for residents to understand the conceptual basis of preventive care; expose residents to clinical faculty with positive attitudes toward prevention; help residents to learn skills in physical examination, screening tests, and counseling in behavioral modification relevant to prevention; and provide a practice environment in which high-quality preventive health care is possible. All of the skills can be learned as other aspects of medicine are now learned--under the guidance of capable and respected faculty teaching at the bedside, in the clinics, and during ward rounds and conferences.
Epidemiology and Outcome of Child Abuse
Authors: Donna A. Rosenberg, Richard D. Krugman
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1991)

Maltreatment in childhood can result in problems that eventually present to the internist. The common somatic, psychosomatic, and psychiatric presentations in adults are reviewed. Mental health referral is often appropriate. When a case of child abuse is reported to the physician by a patient, the physician's legal responsibilities and protections are summarized.