tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Talcage by medical thoracoscopy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax is more cost-effective than drainage: a randomised study
Authors: J-M. Tschopp, C. Boutin, P. Astoul, J-P. Janssen, S. Grandin, C-T. Bolliger, L. Delaunois, P. Driesen, G. Tassi, A-P. Perruchoud
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Simple thoracoscopic talcage (TT) is a safe and effective treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). However, its efficacy has not previously been estimated in comparison with standard conservative therapy (pleural drainage (PD)). In this prospective randomised comparison of two well-established procedures of treating PSP requiring at least a chest tube, cost-effectiveness, safety and pain control was evaluated in 108 patients with PSP (61 TT and 47 PD). Patients in both groups had comparable clinical characteristics. Drainage and hospitalisation duration were similar in TT and PD patients. There were no complications in either group. The immediate success rate was different: after prolonged drainage (&gt;7 days), 10 out of 47 PD patients, but only 1 out of 61 TT patients required a TT as a second procedure. Total costs of hospitalisation including any treatment procedure were not significantly different between TT and PD patients. Pain, measured daily by visual analogue scales, was statistically higher during the first 3 days in TT patients but not in those patients receiving opiates. One month after leaving hospital, there was no significant difference in residual pain or full working ability: 20 out of 58 (34%) versus 10 out of 47 (21%) and 36 out of 61 (59%) versus 26 out of 39 (67%) in TT versus PD groups, respectively. After 5 yrs of follow-up, there had been only three out of 59 (5%) recurrences of pneumothorax after TT, but 16 out of 47 (34%) after conservative treatment by PD. Cost calculation favoured TT pleurodesis especially with regard to recurrences. In conclusion, thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis under local anaesthesia is superior to conservative treatment by chest tube drainage in cases of primary spontaneous pneumothorax that fail simple aspiration, provided there is efficient control of pain by opioids.
Impaired Microvascular Function in Obesity
Authors: Renate T. de Jongh, Erik H. Serné, Richard G. IJzerman, Greetje de Vries, Coen D.A. Stehouwer
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing microangiopathy, hypertension, and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that obesity is a primary cause of microvascular dysfunction, which may contribute to the development of these obesity-related disorders. Methods and Results— We examined microvascular function in 16 lean (body mass index &lt;24 kg/m 2 ) and 12 obese (body mass index &gt;30 kg/m 2 ) healthy women (mean age, 38.9±6.7 years) in the basal state and during physiological systemic hyperinsulinemia. We determined skin capillary recruitment after arterial occlusion with capillaroscopy and skin endothelium–(in)dependent vasodilation by iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Obese women, compared with lean women, had higher systolic blood pressure ( P &lt;0.05), impaired insulin sensitivity ( P &lt;0.01), impaired capillary recruitment in the basal state ( P &lt;0.05) and during hyperinsulinemia ( P &lt;0.05), and impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation in the basal state ( P &lt;0.05) and during hyperinsulinemia ( P &lt;0.01). Sodium nitroprusside–mediated vasodilation was similar in lean and obese women. Capillary recruitment and acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation were positively correlated with insulin sensitivity ( r =0.58, P &lt;0.01 and r =0.55, P &lt;0.01, respectively) and negatively with blood pressure ( r =−0.64, P &lt;0.001 and r =−0.42, P &lt;0.05, respectively) in both lean and obese women. Conclusions— Obesity is characterized by impaired microvascular function in the basal state and during hyperinsulinemia and, in both lean and obese women, microvascular dysfunction is associated with increased blood pressure and decreased insulin sensitivity. These findings are consistent with a contribution of impaired microvascular function to the development of obesity-related microangiopathy, hypertension, and insulin resistance.
Sleep hypoxia in myotonic dystrophy and its correlation with awake respiratory function.
Authors: A J Finnimore, R V Jackson, A Morton, E Lynch
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Tiredness and daytime respiratory failure occur frequently in myotonic dystrophy. Sleep hypoxaemia was studied in 12 patients with myotonic dystrophy and correlations were sought with their daytime lung and respiratory muscle function. METHODS--All patients underwent overnight sleep studies, clinical assessment, measurement of flow-volume loops and carbon monoxide transfer factor, arterial blood gas analysis, and physiological assessment of both thoracic muscle function and upper airways obstruction. RESULTS--The mean nadir of oxygen saturation during sleep was 75% (95% confidence interval 69% to 81%). A mean of 3.4% of total sleep duration was spent at an oxygen saturation level below 85%. Five of the 12 patients had an apnoea index of &gt; 5, the group mean apnoea/hypopnoea index being 15.8 events/sleep hour. The mean awake arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was 10.7 kPa. There was a trend to hypercapnoea with a mean awake arterial carbon dioxide tension of 6.1 kPa; carbon dioxide retention worsened during sleep. Respiratory muscle dysfunction was mainly evident as a low maximum expiratory mouth pressure. Upper airway obstruction assessed by physiological criteria was found in four of the 12 patients. The proportion of total sleep duration with oxygen saturation levels below 85% was directly related to body mass index (weight/height2) and inversely related to the awake PaO2. Body mass index was inversely related to the overnight nadir of oxygen saturation. CONCLUSIONS--Patients with myotonic dystrophy are often hypoxic during sleep and the subgroup that are obese, or have symptoms of sleep apnoea, or both, are particularly at risk. Sleep studies should be considered in this subgroup of patients with myotonic dystrophy.
Effect of House Dust Mite (HDM) Avoidance Measure on The Clinical Symptoms in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
Authors: S. Kawarai, H. Shirai, M. Sakaguchi, K. Ohmori, N. Yasuda, H. Yasuda, K. Ikeda, H. Tsujimoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Specific Lymphocyte Subsets Predict Response to Adoptive Cell Therapy Using Expanded Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Metastatic Melanoma Patients
Authors: Laszlo G. Radvanyi, Chantale Bernatchez, Minying Zhang, Patricia S. Fox, Priscilla Miller, Jessica Chacon, Richard Wu, Gregory Lizee, Sandy Mahoney, Gladys Alvarado, Michelle Glass, Valen E. Johnson, John D. McMannis, Elizabeth Shpall, Victor Prieto, Nicholas Papadopoulos, Kevin Kim, Jade Homsi, Agop Bedikian, Wen-Jen Hwu, Sapna Patel, Merrick I. Ross, Jeffrey E. Lee, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Anthony Lucci, Richard Royal, Janice N. Cormier, Michael A. Davies, Rahmatu Mansaray, Orenthial J. Fulbright, Christopher Toth, Renjith Ramachandran, Seth Wardell, Audrey Gonzalez, Patrick Hwu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is a promising treatment for metastatic melanoma unresponsive to conventional therapies. We report here on the results of an ongoing phase II clinical trial testing the efficacy of ACT using TIL in patients with metastatic melanoma and the association of specific patient clinical characteristics and the phenotypic attributes of the infused TIL with clinical response.
Evolution of Cell-Mediated Immunity in Mice Bearing Tumors Produced by a Mammary Carcinoma Cell Line. Influence of Tumor Growth, Surgical Removal, and Treatment With Irradiated Tumor Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Danielle le François, Jung Koo Youn, Jean Belehradek, Jr., Georges Barski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The test of colony growth inhibition of target tumor cells by host lymphoid cells in vitro was applied to study specific cell immunity in mammary tumor virus-free C3HeB/Fe mice. These mice bore neoplasms produced by inoculation of a cell line developed from a syngeneic spontaneous mammary tumor. Peritoneal washings were used as the source of lymphoid cells so that the mice could be checked periodically to follow the evolution of their specific immunological status during tumor growth and after surgical removal of the tumor, followed or not by other treatment. As previously demonstrated in other host-tumor systems, peritoneal cells taken from animals at the beginning of tumor growth had a moderate, but significant, specific immunological activity which disappeared entirely when the tumors reached 7 mm or more in diameter. After surgical removal of the tumors, this activity reappeared but only after a delay of nearly 20 days. This delay could be significantly shortened if the animals were inoculated subcutaneously, 4 days after surgery, with their own tumor cells that had been trypsinized, irradiated, and frozen.
Follicle culture in reproductive toxicology: a tool for in-vitro testing of ovarian function?
Authors: R. G. Cortvrindt
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2002)

Public opinion and official bodies place great emphasis on the reduction, refinement and replacement of the use of laboratory animals in testing protocols. In the field of toxicology, major efforts are being made to commit to this goal. The testing of reproductive function is currently still performed by in-vivo tests, mainly in rodents. In the past, follicle culture models were developed for the in-vitro production of mature oocytes and used to study the process of folliculogenesis and oogenesis in vitro. These culture systems might be able to acquire a place in fertility testing, replacing in-vivo studies for ovarian function and female gamete quality testing. The proficiency data from a well-characterized follicle culture system suggest that this bioassay might be of potential use for in-vitro screening of xenobiotic substances affecting ovarian function and fertility.
Some Observations ON THE INVESTIGATION OF THE TOXAEMIAS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: A. L. McIlroy
Journal: BMJ (1922)

Or late years mucll stresslhas been laid great value and benefit to be derived from tle miiedical the pregnant womani, not only toherself but the welfare oflher clhild.It hias been proved by experience that to tlle disorderis of pregnancy lhas brouLglht sidcerable reduction in foetal mnortality, the tions of labour ancd the puerperium.The subject of pre-natal care is very witlh tllat ofinfant miortality, as child life begins the conception of the ovumn.The miedical profession owes gratitude to the work of Dr. Ballantyne of Edinburglh, lhe the first.stimulus to the initerest in ante-natal hygiene pathology, anid it is due to hlis entlhusiasm, Dr. Amiiand Routhl,, tllat we are now anid reacling ituportance of the subject.Obstetricsliaving been rescued fi-om thelhands of the uaitrainedmididwife is now a science wliich hlas rarpidly than almost any othler branchl medicine.Now, wlhen every possible surgical methDd hlas exhausted for alleviatingy chlildbirth, we the medical aspect of the subject to find thlat worki the future les in thle investigation of the physiological and pathtological conditions of pregnancy.By thle or relief of many conditions we will sWoon that muchi the.loperative interference advocated hIithlerto unnecessary, and that by reducing the number of chiildbirth muchi will hiave been done to diminishi maternal infanat mortality.For thle same reason puerperal sepsis a close association withi the prevention of found during pregnancy.The main work of the future lies in the thle toxacmias of pregnancy.At present we the thireshiold of the subject and contemp!ate mnist the difficulties and complications whichh confront Alrelady the literature is burdened with inexactitudes, phlysiologists and pathologists vwho not only anotier but themselves in their subsequent Such a condition of affairs proves thle difficulties the researchi.Clinicians look for guidance workers, but muchl patience will be required before problems involved are ready for solution.for the amimonia coefficient in the urine of pregnancy, whichll looked upon as an almost infallible test the the condition, and was employed as an indication the tion of pregnancy.It is now admitted that value, as it is so readily modified by various such diet, vomiting, and thie administration of alkalis.covery of vast importance is that the clinical no longer stand alone in his diagnosis of the of pregnancy, but that he must hiave hielp rom Th'e m-iain source of hielp is to be authorities, and (2) expert laboratory 1. Putblic Authorities.
Wnt5a-treated midbrain neural stem cells improve dopamine cell replacement therapy in parkinsonian mice
Authors: Clare L. Parish, Gonçalo Castelo-Branco, Nina Rawal, Jan Tonnesen, Andreas Toft Sorensen, Carmen Salto, Merab Kokaia, Olle Lindvall, Ernest Arenas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Dopamine (DA) cell replacement therapy in Parkinson disease (PD) can be achieved using human fetal mesencephalic tissue; however, limited tissue availability has hindered further developments. Embryonic stem cells provide a promising alternative, but poor survival and risk of teratoma formation have prevented their clinical application. We present here a method for generating large numbers of DA neurons based on expanding and differentiating ventral midbrain (VM) neural stem cells/progenitors in the presence of key signals necessary for VM DA neuron development. Mouse VM neurospheres (VMNs) expanded with FGF2, differentiated with sonic hedgehog and FGF8, and transfected with Wnt5a (VMN-Wnt5a) generated 10-fold more DA neurons than did conventional FGF2-treated VMNs. VMN-Wnt5a cells exhibited the transcriptional and biochemical profiles and intrinsic electrophysiological properties of midbrain DA cells. Transplantation of these cells into parkinsonian mice resulted in significant cellular and functional recovery. Importantly, no tumors were detected and only a few transplanted grafts contained sporadic nestin-expressing progenitors. Our findings show that Wnt5a improves the differentiation and functional integration of stem cell–derived DA neurons in vivo and define Wnt5a-treated neural stem cells as an efficient and safe source of DA neurons for cell replacement therapy in PD.
Advances in In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Gene Expression
Authors: Christopher H. Contag, Michael H. Bachmann
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2002)

To advance our understanding of biological processes as they occur in living animals, imaging strategies have been developed and refined that reveal cellular and molecular features of biology and disease in real time. One rapid and accessible technology for in vivo analysis employs internal biological sources of light emitted from luminescent enzymes, luciferases, to label genes and cells. Combining this reporter system with the new generation of charge coupled device (CCD) cameras that detect the light transmitted through the animal's tissues has opened the door to sensitive in vivo measurements of mammalian gene expression in living animals. Here, we review the development and application of this imaging strategy, in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI), together with in vivo fluorescence imaging methods, which has enabled the real-time study of immune cell trafficking, of various genetic regulatory elements in transgenic mice, and of in vivo gene transfer. BLI has been combined with fluorescence methods that together offer access to in vivo measurements that were not previously available. Such studies will greatly facilitate the functional analysis of a wide range of genes for their roles in health and disease.
Differential Effects of the Ca <sup>2+</sup> Sensitizers Caffeine and CGP 48506 on the Relaxation Rate of Rat Skinned Cardiac Trabeculae
Authors: Sue Palmer, Jonathan C. Kentish
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

During heart failure, force production by the heart decreases. This may be overcome by Ca2+-sensitizing drugs, which increase myofibril Ca2+ sensitivity without necessarily altering intracellular Ca2+ concentration. However, Ca2+ sensitizers slow the relaxation of intact cardiac muscle. We used diazo-2, a caged chelator of Ca2+, to study the effects of the Ca2+ sensitizers caffeine and CGP 48506 on the intrinsic relaxation rate of cardiac myofibrils. Trabeculae from rat right ventricles were skinned by 1% Triton X-100 and were activated in a 10-microL bath. In steady state experiments, CGP 48506 (10 micromol/L) shifted the force-pCa curve leftward by 0.41+/-0.03 pCa units (mean+/-SEM, n=6). An identical shift was induced by caffeine (20 mmol/L). Photolysis of diazo-2 by a flash of light (160 mJ, 310 to 400 nm) caused an immediate decrease in Ca2+-activated force produced by the trabeculae. Relaxation was fitted by a double-exponential decay, and the rate constants were found to be independent of force and preflash Ca2+ concentration. The initial fast rate, corresponding to myofibrillar relaxation, was increased from 17.3+/-2.0 to 30.9+/-3.7 s(-1) (n=4) by caffeine but was unaffected by CGP 48506 (16.6+/-1.7 and 14.4+/-2.3 s(-1) in the absence and presence of drug, respectively; n=5). Thus, myofibril relaxation need not be slowed by Ca2+-sensitizing agents but can even be accelerated. Despite similarities in their effects on myofibril Ca2+ sensitivity, caffeine and CGP 48506 affect the myofibrils at least partly via different mechanisms.
Chemoprevention and Treatment of Experimental Cowden's Disease by mTOR Inhibition with Rapamycin
Authors: Cristiane H. Squarize, Rogerio M. Castilho, J. Silvio Gutkind
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Cowden's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of multiple mucocutaneous lesions and benign tumors, and enhanced cancer predisposition. Most Cowden's disease patients harbor inactivating mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene which encodes a lipid phosphatase, PTEN, which restrains the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–Akt signaling pathway. We observed that the epithelial-specific deletion of Pten in mice causes multiple hyperproliferative and tumor lesions that strikingly resemble Cowden's disease. This animal model system provided an opportunity to explore novel therapeutic approaches in Cowden's disease. Indeed, we show here that rapamycin administration, which inhibits a key downstream target of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), promotes the rapid regression of advanced mucocutaneous lesions. Furthermore, when administered before disease manifestation, rapamycin can halt the development of Cowden's disease–like lesions, thereby prolonging animal survival. These findings suggest that mTOR inhibition with rapamycin may represent a suitable therapeutic option for the chemoprevention and treatment of Cowden disease patients and others tumor syndromes that involve defective PTEN function. [Cancer Res 2008;68(17):7066–72]
Mutations in KCNJ5 Gene Cause Hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Maria-Christina Zennaro, Xavier Jeunemaitre
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

published or not.The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.Mutations in KCNJ5 Gene Cause Hyperaldosteronism.
2-Hour Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol to Assess Patients With Chest Pain Symptoms Using Contemporary Troponins as the Only Biomarker
Authors: Martin Than, Louise Cullen, Sally Aldous, William A. Parsonage, Christopher M. Reid, Jaimi Greenslade, Dylan Flaws, Christopher J. Hammett, Daren M. Beam, Michael W. Ardagh, Richard Troughton, Anthony F.T. Brown, Peter George, Christopher M. Florkowski, Jeffrey A. Kline, W. Frank Peacock, Alan S. Maisel, Swee Han Lim, Arvin Lamanna, A. Mark Richards
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Electron spin resonance spectroscopic demonstration of the generation of reactive oxygen species by diseased human synovial tissue following ex vivo hypoxia-reoxygenation.
Authors: D Singh, N.B. Nazhat, K Fairburn, T Sahinoglu, D.R. Blake, P Jones
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To apply an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic technique as a means of determining the oxidising capacity of reactive oxygen species produced during hypoxia and reoxygenation of diseased human synovial tissue. Twenty four specimens of fresh synovial tissue were obtained from patients undergoing primary total knee joint replacement and graded according to the degree of inflammation present. Tissue samples were subjected to an ex vivo hypoxia-reoxygenation cycle in the presence of the nitroso based spin trap, 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzene sulphonate. The degree of oxidation of the spin trap to a stable free radical was determined and followed with time. Control samples were subjected to hypoxia only. The results indicate that the oxidising capacity of reactive oxygen species produced by human synovial tissue varies with the degree of inflammation present. Only the more inflamed specimens, from both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients, demonstrated increased production of reactive oxygen species when subjected to a hypoxia-reoxygenation cycle. This change was reduced by both competitive and non-competitive inhibitors of the endothelial based enzyme xanthine oxidase. The relative concentration of reactive oxygen species generated by the synovial tissue samples correlated with the mean capillary density of the specimens. This study supports the hypothesis of movement induced hypoxicreperfusion injury of the chronically inflamed joint by demonstrating the generation of reactive oxygen species within inflamed human synovium following an ex vivo hypoxia-reoxygenation cycle. Evidence is presented that the microvascular endothelial based enzyme xanthine oxidase is the predominant source of ESR detectable oxidising species in inflamed synovial specimens exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation.
Hepatitis B virus X protein induced expression of interleukin 18 (IL-18): a potential mechanism for liver injury caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection
Authors: Mi-Ock Lee, Youn-Hee Choi, Eui-Cheol Shin, Hyo-Jin Kang, Young-Mee Kim, Su-Yon Jeong, Je Kyung Seong, Dae-Yeul Yu, Hyeseong Cho, Jeon Han Park, Se Jong Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Left Atrial Myxoma
Authors: D. John Coltart
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A patient first seen with cardiac cachexia was found to have a large left atrial myxoma. The diagnosis was first suggested by echocardiographic examination. Cure was achieved by surgery. Light and electron microscopic studies indicate a multipotential mesenchymal cell origin of myxomata. (<i>JAMA</i>234:950-953, 1975)