tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Homeostatic and Mass Culture Technology12
Authors: Raymond H. Kahn, William E. Burkel, Vernon P. Perry
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Mass culture technology is reviewed by an analysis of the variables (e.g., pH, temperature, osmolality, gaseous environments, perfusion rate)which influence the maintenance of cells in vitro. Techniques used for seeding and maintenance of multilayered cellular linings (pseudointima) on microfiber vascular prostheses are reported. Preliminary results with potential autologous cells, derived from human epidermis, are presented. Moreover, the equipment utilized for dynamic testing of the pseudointimally lined prostheses with pulsatile systolic/diastolic pressure is described. The future of large-scale tissue culture technique is briefly considered. One major concern expressed is the number of potentially toxic agents (e.g., water and steam contaminants, plasticizers, etc.) which influence cell viability and which are not adequately controlled.
Epidemiologic and Dietary Evidence for a Specific Nutritional Predisposition to Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Schalk J. van Rensburg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

A total of 21 different regions were found to have a very low relative frequency and/or low incidence rates of esophageal cancer (the male mean being 0.6 and the range being 0.1--1.0/100,000 per annum). In all these areas the dietary staples were either sorghum, millet, cassava, yams, or peanuts or a combination of these items. In another 17 areas that had a high risk for esophageal cancer (the male mean being 41.3 ad the range being 16.5--86.0/100,000 per annum), the dietary staple was invariably corn or wheat. It is calculated that dietary staples associated with a high risk for esophageal cancer will be marginal or deficient particularly in riboflavin, nicotinic acid, magnesium, and zinc, whereas dietary staples associated with a low risk for esophageal cancer will be rick in these substances. the evidence presented supports the concept that these high rates of esophageal cancer in diverse peoples are associated with long-standing deficiencies of a few micronutrients and explains epidemiologic features such as geographic variation, recent emergence of the disease in Africa, and the role of alcohol abuse.
Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical markers in endometrial cancer treated with chemotherapy
Authors: S. R. Lord, N. Vasudev, S. Knight, V. Speirs, G. Hall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e16551 Background: The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy for endometrial cancer is increasing both in the adjuvant and advanced setting. The literature describes many prognostic immunohistochemical factors in early stage endometrial cancer, the majority of whom will not receive chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to describe the biomarker expression for endometrial tumours treated with chemotherapy and to assess what constitutes a favourable and unfavourable profile for this patient group. Methods: For a subset of patients with either endometrioid, serous or a mixed mullerian morphology treated with chemotherapy at our centre between 1996 and 2008 an immunohistochemical profile of 14 biomarkers was studied (ERα, Erβ1, Erβ2, PR, PRB, P53, Rb, E-cad, MDM2, MIB-1, E2F1, p16, p13, and p21). A univariate analysis using cox regression of potential prognostic factors was then carried out. Results: In total 199 patients received chemotherapy for endometrial cancer over the 12 year period studied. Two year survival from commencement of chemotherapy for patients receiving adjuvant treatment was 45.2% and palliative treatment 28.1%. The commonest histological subtypes were endometrioid adenocarcinoma (40%), serous carcinoma (24.1%) and mixed mullerian tumours (14.6%). For the subset of 35 patients 38.2% of patients had positive immunohistochemical staining for ERα, 53% for PR, 73.5% for p16, and 94% for E2F1. Good prognosis was predicted by the strength of staining for E2F1 (HR 0.757, CI 0.216/0.902, p = 0.025) and poor prognosis by p16 (HR 1.470, CI 1.040/2.077, p = 0.029). Conclusions: Positive staining for ERα and PR was of similar frequency to previous studies of early stage endometrial cancer and did not significantly influence prognosis. Good prognosis correlated with E2F1 expression and poor prognosis with p16. A greater proportion of patients had serous morphology compared to published series of early stage endometrial cancer. Further study of prognostic factors in larger numbers of patients and built into prospective randomised trials may allow the creation of a prognostic model and guide the development of future clinical trials of targeted therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
HIV-Related Risk Behaviors Among Male High School Students Who Had Sexual Contact with Males — 17 Large Urban School Districts, United States, 2009–2013
Authors: Laura Kann, Emily O’Malley Olsen, Steve Kinchen, Elana Morris, Richard J. Wolitski
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Young persons aged 13-24 years accounted for an estimated 22% of all new diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States in 2014. Most new HIV diagnoses among youths occur among males who have sex with males (MSM). Among all MSM, young black MSM accounted for the largest number of new HIV diagnoses in 2014 (1). To determine whether the prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors among black male high school students who had sexual contact with males differed from the prevalence among white and Hispanic male students who had sexual contact with males, potentially contributing to the racial/ethnic disparities in new HIV diagnoses, CDC analyzed data from Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted by 17 large urban school districts during 2009-2013. Although other studies have examined HIV-related risk behaviors among MSM (2,3), less is known about MSM aged <18 years. Black male students who had sexual contact with males had a lower or similar prevalence of most HIV-related risk behaviors than did white and Hispanic male students who had sexual contact with males. These findings highlight the need to increase access to effective HIV prevention strategies for all young MSM.
Placebo-controlled trials (PCT) in cancer research: Patient and oncologist perspectives.
Authors: A. B. Fede, M. C. Miranda, A. T. Lera, P. Prestes, H. L. Schaffhausser, D. Matushita, L. Uehara, A. Del Giglio, R. Riechelmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e19626 Background: The ethics involving PCT is controversial, with placebo being perceived as an important barrier to patient enrollment in many countries. Here we have evaluated the perceptions of oncologists and cancer patients living in Brazil on this matter. Methods: Twenty-five research-oriented oncologists from across the country and 100 ambulatory patients with advanced cancer from a single public and academic institution completed two different questionnaires about their understanding and perceptions of placebo use in cancer clinical trials, whether patients would participate in PCT, and when and whether oncologists would offer such trials to their patients. The definitions of placebo and its utilization in cancer trials were based on a recommendation article recently published (Dagherty et al. J Clin Oncol 2008), and consisted of the following statements to endorse cancer trials controlled by placebo: (1) when the existing therapies are minimally effective or may potentially offer serious adverse events, (2) or in the absence of proven effective therapy. A pre-determined brief explanation on placebo and its use in cancer research was provided to patients before they answered the study questionnaire. Results: Among 104 cancer patients, 102 (98%) had never heard of or knew what a PCT was. After the brief explanation, 61 (59%) patients agreed to participate in a PCT, with the main reasons for participating being “to obtain any treatment” or “to help medicine.” The main reasons for not participating were “because I do not want to be treated anymore” or “due to the placebo.” Nearly half (48%) of oncologists had objections to offer a PCT to patients, with the main reasons being “feeling that the patients would not accept it” and “I feel uncomfortable about not offering any treatment to my patients.” None of the tested variables (educational level, gender, prior knowledge about clinical trials) was associated with patients' acceptance to enroll in a PCT. Conclusions: PCT trials are perceived as an important barrier to trial participation by both Brazilian cancer patients and their oncologists. New cancer trials should develop alternative designs to fulfill patients and physicians preferences. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Bitter taste receptors are expressed and induce relaxation of human bronchi
Authors: Stanislas Grassin-Delyle, Charlotte Abrial, Sarah Taleb-Fayad, Marion Brollo, Emmanuel Naline, Philippe Devillier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Bitter-taste receptors (TAS2Rs) have recently been involved in the relaxation of mouse and guinea pig airways, and increased expression of TAS2Rs was shown in blood leucocytes from asthmatic children. We addressed the expression and relaxant effect of TAS2Rs in human bronchi.

Methods: Human bronchi were isolated from resected lungs and TAS2R transcripts were assessed with RT-qPCR. Relaxation to TAS2R agonists was tested in organ bath in the presence or absence of pharmacological modulators of the signalling pathways involved in bronchial relaxation.

Results: The non-selective agonists chloroquine, quinine, caffeine, strychnine and diphenidol produced a concentration-dependant relaxation, with a maximal effect equivalent to about 90% of the relaxation observed with 3 mM theophylline. pD2 values were between 3.7 and 4.6, similar to that of theophylline but 3- to 5-fold less than that with formoterol and isoproterenol. Denatonium, saccharin and colchicine did not produce relaxation. Receptor expression analysis together with the use of most selective agonists suggested a predominant role for TAS2R5, 10 and 14 in the bitter taste agonist-induced relaxation. In contrast to the non-selective agonist chloroquine, the relaxation to the selective TAS2R5 agonist chloroquine was in part dependent from an intact epithelium. Bitter taste agonist-induced relaxation was independent from the intracellular signalling pathways modulated by conventional bronchodilators.

Conclusion: The stimulation of TAS2Rs expressed in human bronchi induces a marked relaxation. Bitter taste receptors may become a target for the pharmacological management of obstructive lung diseases.
Conventional chemoimmunotherapy (R-CHOEP-14) or high-dose therapy (R-Mega-CHOEP) for young, high-risk patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma: Final results of the randomized Mega-CHOEP trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphona Study Group (DSHNHL).
Authors: N. Schmitz, M. Nickelsen, M. Ziepert, M. Haenel, P. Borchmann, C. Schmidt, A. Viardot, M. Bentz, N. Peter, G. Ehninger, G. Doelken, L. H. Truemper, M. Loeffler, M. Pfreundschuh, B. Glass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

8002 Background: Studies comparing HDT with conventional first-line therapy for younger patients (pts.) with aggressive B-cell lymphoma gave conflicting results. None of these studies combined chemotherapy with Rituximab (R). Methods: In younger pts. (< 61 yrs) with aggressive B-cell lymphoma, the study compared 8 cycles of CHOE(etoposide, 300 mg/m2)P-14 to 4 courses of MegaCHOEP (cyclophosphamide 1500/4500/4500/6000 mg/m2; doxorubicin 70 mg/m2; vincristine 2 mg/m2; etoposide 600/960/960/1480 mg/m2; prednisone 500 mg) followed by repeated transplantation of autologous blood stem cells. All pts. additionally received 6 infusions of R (375/ mg/m²). Results: Between 3/2003 and 4/2009 306 pts. with CD 20-positive aggressive B-cell lymphoma were enrolled: 130 pts. were randomized to 8 x CHOEP-14 plus 6 x R, 132 pts. were randomized to 4 x MegaCHOEP plus 6 x R. 31 pts. who did not receive R and 13 patients with missing data/withdrawn informed consent were excluded from this analysis. The median observation time for all pts. (median age 47.5 years) with aggressive B-cell lymphoma and aaIPI 2 (73.3%) or 3 (26.7%) was 43 months. The overall response rate was 77.9 % (CR/CRu 75.1%, PR 2.8%). Three-year-progression-free survival (PFS) was 73.7% for pts. treated with 8 x CHOEP-14 plus 6 x R compared to 69.8% in pts. given 4 x MegaCHOEP plus 6 x R (p = 0.475). Three-year- overall survival (OS) was 84.6% in pts. treated with 8 x CHOEP-14 as compared to 77.0 % in pts. given 4 x MegaCHOEP plus 6 x R (p = 0.081). OS was significantly better for pts. with aaIPI 2 who received conventional chemotherapy plus R (p = 0.013) while survival curves for pts. with aaIPI 3 were superimposable. Conclusions: Conventional chemoimmunotherapy (8 x CHOEP-14 plus 6 x R) resulted in excellent PFS (73.7 %) and OS (84.6%) representing the best results ever reported for young, high-risk pts. with aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Conventional therapy was significantly better than HDT/ ASCT in pts. with aaIPI 2. In the R era, HDT should no longer be standard first-line therapy for young, high-risk pts.
Effect of Thyroxine on Induction of Lucké Renal Adenocarcinomas in Lucké Tumor Herpesvirus-Infected Leopard Frog Tadpoles&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L A Rollins-Smith, N Cohen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The incidence of Lucké renal adenocarcinomas and premalignant kidney lesions in leopard frog tadpoles (Rana pipiens) was determined at specified ages and metamorphic stages following embryonic infection with the Lucké tumor herpesvirus. Tumor incidence increased with time elapsed after virus infection but was not strictly correlated with advanced metamorphic stages. When the rate of tadpole development was altered by thiourea or thyroxine treatment, the onset of tumor development was unchanged. These results show that neither increased nor decreased thyroxine levels affect the induction of Lucké tumors.
Classification of myelodysplastic syndrome in a national registry of recently-diagnosed patients—the Patient Registries at Slone: MDS
Authors: C. M. Van Bennekom, G. A. Abel, R. M. Stone, T. E. Anderson, D. W. Kaufman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

6628 Background: The WHO classification system for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) includes more extensive morphologic and cytogenetic criteria important for prognosis and treatment than the older FAB scheme (e.g., 5q-), but it is not known to what extent the WHO scheme has been adopted by practicing hematologists and pathologists. Methods: The Patient Registries at Slone: MDS is a national disease-based observational registry maintained at Boston University. All patients with MDS diagnosed within 4 months of enrollment are eligible for inclusion; subjects enroll by mail or over the Internet. For this analysis, we reviewed the medical records of enrollees from June 2006 through December 2007 to determine which classification scheme was used and by whom (hematologists or pathologists). Results: Records were available for 127 patients, representing 38 states (46% male; median age 64). MDS classification was as follows: No clear association with documentation of MDS or subtype was seen for age, geographic region, education, race, or prescription drug coverage. Patients with a documented MDS diagnosis were more likely to be treated than those whose diagnosis was not documented (74% vs. 47%; p=0.04). Conclusions: For patients with documented MDS, clear WHO subtypes are recorded 39% of the time, compared to 8% for FAB subtypes; this finding from our national cohort bodes well for increasing consistency between MDS researchers and caregivers. The finding that 13% of patients who believe they have MDS have no documentation of the disease may reflect doctors raising this possibility before confirming the diagnosis. Many fewer pathologists than hematologists document MDS in their reports, which may be due to differential application of diagnostic criteria. Hematologist (%) Pathologist (%) Anywhere in Record (%) No documentation of MDS or alternative diagnosis 17 54 13 MDS diagnosis without subtype 38 12 28 WHO subtype 21 20 32 FAB subtype 4 2 5 Both WHO & FAB subtypes 2 2 2 Subtype provided, schema unclear 20 9 20 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Celgene, Pharmion Celgene
Plasminogen Activators in Human Malignant Melanoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Gabor Markus, Shin Kohga, Sarah M. Camiolo, Judith M. Madeja, Julian L. Ambrus, Constantine Karakousis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Metastatic malignant melanomas from 16 patients, extracted with Triton X-100, were analyzed for plasminogen activator activity by azocaseinolysis . In 6 cases tumor explants were set up also in short-term organ culture, and the rate of plasminogen activator secretion into the culture medium was determined. Both the extractable activator content [8.66 +/- 7.8 "Committee on Thrombolytic Agents" (CTA) U/g tissue] and the activator secretion rates (0.90 +/- 1.6 CTA U/g/hr) were low in comparison with values for other human tumors. In addition to the activity, the type of plasminogen activator also was determined by immunoinhibition with goat antihuman urokinase antibody in the azocaseinolytic assay, as well as by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis followed by zymography on fibrin-agar, in the presence and absence of antibody. On the average, 77% of the activator activity was of the urokinase type in the extracts, and 90% in the culture fluids. Immunoperoxidase reaction for the detection of urokinase showed this enzyme to be localized mainly in the cell membrane of the melanoma cells; stromal elements showed no specific staining. These results are of interest in view of the findings made recently by investigators in several laboratories that in all but one of the melanoma cell cultures derived from metastatic human tumors, only the vascular type ("tissue activator") was cell associated or was secreted into the culture medium. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Individual patient data-based meta-analysis assessing pre-operative chemotherapy in resectable oesophageal carcinoma
Authors: P. G. Thirion, S. Michiels, A. Le Maître, J. Tierney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

4512 Background: Optimal management of operable localised oesophageal carcinoma remains to be determined. The debate is fuelled by some positive individual trials showing a benefit of preoperative chemotherapy (CT+S) or preoperative chemo-radiotherapy (CRT+S) over surgery alone (S). Our group has initiated an individual patient data-based meta-analysis to quantify the potential benefit of CT+S over S. Methods: The methodology used for trial identification and data analysis has been previously reported. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were disease-free-survival (DFS) analyzed with a 6 months landmark method, tumour resectability (complete resection rate) and post-operative mortality. The logrank-test, stratified by trial, and hazard ratio (HR) were used for comparison. Subgroup analyses by age, sex, performance status, and histologic type were prospectively planned. Results: Twelve eligible randomized trials (2,284 patients) were identified. Individual patient data from 9 trials (2,102 patients) with a median follow-up of 5.3 years were available for the OS analysis. There was a statistically significant OS benefit in favour of CT+S (HR=0.87, 95% CI 0.79–0.95, p=0.003) translating into a 5-year absolute OS increase of 4% (from 16 to 20%). Based on 7 trials (1,849 patients), the HR for DFS was 0.82 (95% CI 0.74–0.91, p=0.001) in favour of CT+S, representing a 5-year absolute DFS benefit of 4% (from 6 to 10%). The complete resection rate across 8 trials (1,933 patients) was significantly greater in the CT+S arm (67%) compared to the S arm (62%) (OR=0.81, 95% CI 0.67–0.98, p=0.03). No difference was seen in postoperative death (6.7%). No interaction between treatment effect and patients characteristics was seen. Conclusions: Individual patient data-based meta-analysis represents the highest level of evidence and this study shows a small but significant overall and disease-free survival benefit in favour of preoperative chemotherapy over surgery alone. Unrestricted grants from LNCC and Sanofi-Aventis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
이번 호의 간 영상 : 간의 신경내분비종양
Authors: 이원재 ( Won Jae Lee )
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2009)

간에 생긴 신경내분비종양의 대표적인 세 가지 조영증강 양상들을 삼중시기 나선식 CT 영상으로 예시하고 그 기전을 설명하였는데, 동맥기에서는 종괴의 혈관분포의 정도가 중요하고 평형기로 가면서 섬유화 정도가 중요하다. 이런 영상 소견을 잘 이해함으로써 간에 생긴 신경내분비종양의 진단 및 감별진단에 도움이 될 수 있겠다.
Depression and personality in lung cancer patients
Authors: Marina Serdarevic, Branka Aukst-Margetic, Suzana Kukulj, Bernard Budimir, Gordana Drpa, Miroslav Samarzija
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective : Depression is highly prevalent in cancer patients. Additional studies are needed to identify the patients particularly at risk for depressive reactions, evaluate differences in reactions to diagnosis of lung cancer, as well as intensity of depressive reactions. Our aim was to asses if personality dimensions predicted depression in lung cancer patients.

Methods : Fifty four newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer patients in oncology unit before starting any therapy procedure were assessed on oncology unit with Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ) C30 subscales for physical health and pain and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Disease severity was determined by the cancer stage.

Results : 24(44.4%) of the patients fulfilled the cut-off criteria for depression. Mean pain perception was 31.94 (SD 31.57) and physical health 72.05 (SD 19.8).

The logistic regression analyses revealed pain (B=0.025; Wald=4.622; p=0.032) and personality dimension Harm avoidance (B=0.190; Wald 5.836; p=0.016) as significant predictors of depression

Conclusions : Depression is highly prevalent in lung cancer patients and should be screened in regular clinical practice. Due its associations with depression, patients’ personality should be taken in account in preventing depressive reactions using adequate psychosocial interventions.