tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alabama pays town’s residents to undergo TB testing
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The US state of Alabama, struggling to gain control of a tuberculosis epidemic around the small town of Marion, has discovered more than 100 infections after offering money to citizens to undergo testing and treatment.

With a population of under 4000, the town’s active tuberculosis case rate has been around 100 times the state and national average, at 253 per 100 000 population. But efforts by the state’s public health department to trace potential contacts and persuade residents to get tested have met with suspicion and hostility.

“We had a very, very poor turnout,” Pam Barrett, director of the tuberculosis control division, told a local news outlet, AL.com .1 She said that, at one state sponsored health fair last year, “people threw beer bottles at us.”

The pervasive mistrust of government health workers among …
Aspirin Hepatotoxicity
Authors: DON L. GOLDENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 June 1974Aspirin HepatotoxicityDON L. GOLDENBERG, M.D.DON L. GOLDENBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-6-773_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The papers by Seaman, Ishak, and Plotz (1) and Wolfe, Metzger, and Goldstein (2) described four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity. We have recently observed another patient who was initially thought to have lupoid hepatitis but who had aspirin hepatitis.A 16-year-old white girl was evaluated for arthralgia and Raynaud's phenomenon of 6 months' duration. Results of a physical examination were unremarkable, except for synovitis of the right elbow. The laboratory findings were leukopenia (leukocyte count, 3500/mm3), anemia, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 74 mm/hr (Westergren), a C3 level of 90 mg/100 ml,...References1. SEAMAN W, ISHAK K, and PLOTZ P: Aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med 80:1-8, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. WOLFE J, METZGER A, and GOLDSTEIN R: Aspirin hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 80:74-76, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar3. RICH R and JOHNSON J: Salicylate hepatotoxicity in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 16:1-9, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DON L. GOLDENBERG, M.D.Affiliations: Rheumatology Service Department of Medicine Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma, Washington 98431 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUse of Salicylates in Rheumatic and Related ConditionsPrediction of organ system toxicity with antirheumatic drug therapyHepatotoxicity Associated with Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate: Case Report and Review of Salicylate-Induced HepatotoxicityThe spectrum of liver disease in systemic lupus erythematosusThe gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of the literatureAspirin and the SalicylatesHepatic reactions to drugs.Autophagy in mouse hepatocytes induced by lysine acetylsalicylateHepatotoxicity of salicylates in monolayer cell culturesAntirheumatika und LeberSalicylate HepatitisTOXIC HEPATITIS AFTER THERAPEUTIC DOSES OF BENORYLATE AND D-PENICELLAMINECorrelations between transaminase concentrations and serum salicylate concentration in juvenile rheumatoid arthritisAspirin HepatotoxicityELAYNE GARBER, B. A., ROBERT M. CRAIG, M.D., RAJA M. BAHU, M.D. 1 June 1974Volume 80, Issue 6 Page: 773-773 Keywords Anemia Arthralgia Aspirin Elbow Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Hepatitis Lupus erythematosus Raynaud syndrome Research laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
HIV Infection in Heterosexual Female Intravenous Drug Users in New York City, 1977–1980
Authors: A J Snyder, J M Vergeront
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

By December 1987 there were 44 sites for anonymous testing for HIV in Wisconsin.  11 chapters of the American Red Cross are located in communities that have a testing site out of 63 chapters in the Badger Regional Blood Service.  In these 11 communities 4 of 197751 donated units (0.002%) were positive for HIV versus 9 of 182720 donated units (0.005%) in communities without a testing site.  9 of the 13 positive donors were interviewed and all had HIV risk factors.  6 should have been excluded by donor deferral criteria.  5867 people were seen at the Wisconsin HIV testing sites in 1987.  9.2% had donated blood or plasma since 1985 although 48.8% identified a risk factor in themselves for which they should have deferred donation.  Only 14 (2.6%) were HIV positive 12 of whom had risk factors.  This experience indicates that persons with known HIV risk factors may be less likely to donate blood if a testing site is accessible.  Some people may donate blood to learn their HIV status.  Testing sites may increase the safety of the blood supply.  It is of concern that people at risk for HIV continue to donate blood and plasma despite recommendations for self deferral.
Segregation and integration: roles played by caveolae and caveolins in the cardiovascular system.
Authors: I FLEMING
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

See reviews in the series by Feron and Balligand  [15]  (pages 788–797), Maguy et al.  [21]  (pages 798–807), and Hardin and Vallejo  [24]  (pages 808–815) in this issue and by Mineo and Shaul  [26]  and Schwencke et al.  [30]  in next month's issue. 

Original articles in the series are by Calaghan and White  [16]  (pages 816–824) and Shaw et al.  [25]  (pages 825–835) in this issue. 

Over the last two decades our view of the cell membrane has progressed from that of a relatively homogenous protein-containing lipid bilayer that simply separates the cytosol from the extracellular milieu. We now know that the cell membrane is composed of many and varied types of lipids and that their properties largely determine protein localisation and thus protein–protein interactions and cellular signalling. There has also been a veritable explosion of knowledge regarding lipid membrane compartmentalisation, and this Review Focus Series on “Caveolae in Cardiovascular Signalling” provides a timely reminder of the importance of caveolae in the regulation of cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cell function.

Caveolae were first described over 50 years ago using electron microscopy as flask-like invaginated structures of the plasma membrane [1]. These cellular micro-domains are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids as well as in specific proteins such as the scaffolding protein caveolin (for recent comprehensive reviews see Refs. [2–4]). Endothelial cells are one of the most abundant sources of caveolae, and the plasma membrane surfaces of the endothelial cells that face the blood contain numerous caveolae. These “little caves” have been attributed several functions, and a series of elegant electron microscopic studies provided the first hint that caveolae act as trans-endothelial carriers by demonstrating the sequential movement of probes from one side of the endothelial cell layer to the other in a process that seems to involve …
Inhibition of tumor growth in a murine xenograft model by thalidomide
Authors: L. Horn, M. Hermes, J. Schwock, M. Brulport, J. G. Hengstler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

20083 Background: Limitations in the treatment of recurrent disease in cervical carcinoma are for radiation therapy large tumor size and pelvic side wall involvement and for exenteration procedurde previous radiation therapy, bulky disease, and others. Alternative approaches including chemotherapy, chemo-radiation, radiation plus hyperthermia and others are accompanied by a failure rate of 50 to 80%. Recent research has shown that the antineoplastic effect of thalidomide (TD) is due to the inhibition of neo-angiogenesis, a decrease of TNF-a, blocking of nuclear factor κβ-kinase activity, stimulation of the IL-2 and downregulation of cell adhesion molecules. Here, we have studied the effect of TD on a cervical cancer cell line in a murine xenograft model. Methods: We injected 7 × 10 6 HELA cells s.c. into the dorsal skin of 6–8 week-old male nude mice (cd nu − /nu − ; Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany). The tumor diameter was measured with a caliber rule. The maximum and minimum diameters of the tumor were determined. Tumor volume (V) was calculated by the formula: V = a × b × b/2, where a represents the minimum and b the maximum tumor diameter. As soon as tumors reached a volume of 0.25 cm 3 the mice were randomized into a treatment (n = 9) and a control group (n = 9). The mice in the treatment group received 14 daily injections of 300 mg/kg (i.p.) thalidomide for 14 days. Animals were housed under specific pathogen-free conditions. The experiments have been approved by the local animal welfare committee. Results: Thalidomide caused a clear delay in tumor growth. Already 7 days after onset of thalidomide therapy the mean tumor volume was smaller in the treated (0.24 ± 0.03 cm 3 ) compared to the control mice (0.73 ± 0.15 cm 3 ; mean ± standard error; p &lt; 0.01). After 14 days of thalidomide treatment the mean tumor volumes were 0.37 ± 0.05 and 1.05 ± 0.19 cm 3 in the treated and in the control mice, respectively (p &lt; 0.01). However, after the end of the 14 days treatment period a new onset of tumor growth was observed. In conclusion, thalidomide delayed tumor growth but did not cause tumor remission. Conclusions: TD is effective in inhibition of tumor growth of a cervical cancer cell line in a mouse xenograft model and might be an alternative drug in patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma without any options for established standard therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Gemcitabine plus erlotinib followed by capecitabine versus capecitabine plus erlotinib followed by gemcitabine: Interim toxicity analysis of a multicenter, randomized, cross-over phase III trial of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO)
Authors: V. Heinemann, U. Vehling-Kaiser, D. Waldschmidt, E. Kettner, A. Marten, C. Winkelmann, S. Klein, G. Kojouharoff, T. Gauler, S. Boeck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

4604 Background: To date, only limited toxicity data are available for the combination of erlotinib (E; 150 mg/d) with either gemcitabine (G) or capecitabine (C) as first-line therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods: Within a prospective multicenter phase III trial, 281 patients (pts) with histologically confirmed advanced exocrine PC were randomly assigned to first-line treatment with either C (2000 mg/m 2 /d, d1–14 q3w) plus E (150 mg/d, arm A) or G (1000 mg/m 2 over 30 min weekly x 7, then d1, 8, 15 q4w) plus E (150 mg/d, arm B). In case of treatment-failure (e.g. disease progression or toxicity), pts were “crossed-over” to second-line treatment with the comparator cytostatic drug without E. The primary study endpoint was time to treatment failure of second-line therapy (TTF2). Results: While the trial has completed recruitment, toxicity data (secondary endpoint) are available from the first 127 randomized pts. Sixty pts were randomized to arm A (55% male, 83% metastatic PC), 67 pts to arm B (55% male, 82% metastatic PC); median age was 64 years. During first-line therapy, pts received a median number of 3 treatment cycles (range 0–13) in both arms; overall 456 treatment cycles were applied (arm A: 218, arm B: 238). Regarding chemotherapy, a treatment delay was observed in 12% of the cycles in arm A and in 22% of the cycles in arm B. Dose reductions of the cytostatic drug were performed in 18% and 27% of treatment cycles, respectively. E dose reductions were performed in 6% and 11% of all cycles. Grade 3/4 hematological toxicity was &lt;15% in both arms; in arm A, grade 3/4 diarrhea was observed in 9% of pts (arm B: 7%), grade 3/4 skin rash in 4% (12%) and grade 3/4 hand-foot syndrome in 7% (0%), respectively. Nine pts in arm A (7 of them due to PC) and 8 pts in arm B (6 due to PC) died within 60 days after randomization. Conclusion: G/E and C/E were both tolerated well and toxicity was manageable. This first analysis suggests that treatment with E 150 mg/d is feasible in combination with G or C. [Table: see text]
Co-cultivation of keratinocyte-human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on sericin loaded electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold (cationic gelatin/hyaluronan/chondroitin sulfate) stimulates epithelial differentiation in hMSCs: In vitro study
Authors: Sirsendu Bhowmick, Dieter Scharnweber, Veena Koul
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Pituitary Adenomas in Old Sprague-Dawley Rats: A Histologic, Ultrastructural, and Immunocytochemical Study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: D J McComb, K Kovacs, J Beri, F Zak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Fifty-five adenomas were identified and characterized in the anterior pituitaries of 27 male and 39 female SD rats, over 24 months of age, by histology, ultrastructural morphology, and immunocytochemistry. Adenomas were found in 85% of male and 79% of female rats; all known adenohypophysial hormones were represented in various tumors. Prolactin (PRL)-containing adenomas were the most common (47.2%); luteinizing hormone-(LH)-containing adenomas (16.3%), immunonegative adenomas (12.7%), PRL- and growth hormone (GH)-containing adenomas (10.9%), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-containing adenomas (3.6%), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-containing adenomas (3.6%), and GH-containing adenomas (1.8%) were also identified. Unexpected combinations were observed in 3 tumors (5.4%); a GH-LH-containing adenoma, a PRL-ACTHcontaining adenoma, and a PRL-LH-TSH-containing adenoma were noted. One intermediate lobe adenoma and 1 metastatic plasmacytoma were diagnosed. It can be concluded that spontaneous pituitary adenomas in aging SO rats are potential models of the human disease because of diversity of hormone content and morphologic appearance.
EBF1-PDGFRB fusion in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL): genetic profile and clinical implications
Authors: Claire Schwab, Sarra L. Ryan, Lucy Chilton, Alannah Elliott, James Murray, Stacey Richardson, Christopher Wragg, John Moppett, Michelle Cummins, Oliver Tunstall, Catriona A. Parker, Vaskar Saha, Nicholas Goulden, Ajay Vora, Anthony V. Moorman, Christine J. Harrison
Journal: Blood (2016)
Absolute lymphocyte count at time of radioimmunotherapy predicted time to progression in patients with relapsed follicular lymphomas
Authors: L. F. Porrata, K. Ristow, T. E. Witzig, G. A. Wiseman, N. Tuinstra, S. N. Markovic, S. N. Markovic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18505 Background: Besides radiation, the immunologic mechanisms of action of 90 Y ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) radioimmunotherapy (RIT) have been attributed to complement mediated lysis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We hypothesized that a stronger host immune system prior to Zevalin therapy for relapsed follicular (grade 1&amp;2) lymphomas (FL) would result in an improved time to progression (TTP). As a surrogate marker of host immune status, we studied absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) prior to Zevalin therapy and its impact on TTP in relapsed FL patients. Methods: Between 1996 and 2006, 75 patients with relapsed FL were treated with single agent Zevalin (0.4 mCi/kg, maximum of 32 mCi) at the Mayo Clinic. ALC was obtained from the complete blood cell count prior to RIT. Results: The median age of the cohort was 60 years (range, 29–82 years). 36% (27/75) patients were rituximab refractory. The median TTP in all patients was 6.4 months (range, 1–99+ months). Univariately, ALC as a continuous (HR = 0.448, p &lt; 0.006) or dichotomized [ALC = 1.0 x 10 9 /l (HR = 0.684, p &lt; 0.007)] variable was identified as a prognostic factor for TTP. Superior TTP was observed with an ALC = 1.0 x 10 9 /l (N = 32) compared with an ALC &lt; 1.0 x 10 9 /l (N=43) (median: 12.4 months vs 6.5 months, respectively, p &lt; 0.007). Both groups were balanced in regard to the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI). ALC, as a continuous (HR = 0.507, p &lt; 0.02) or dichotomized [ALC = 1.0 x 10 9 /l (HR = 0.697, p &lt; 0.01)] variable was identified as an independent prognostic factor for TTP in the multivariate analysis when compared with FLIPI. In the ALC = 1.0 x 10 9 /l group, 14/32 (44%) of FL patients achieved a TTP = 12 months compared to only 7/43 (16%) in the ALC &lt; 1.0 x 10 9 /l group, (p &lt; 0.02). Conclusions: This study supports our hypothesis that a higher ALC, as a marker of immune status of the patient, predicts longer TTP following Zevalin therapy in relapsed FL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Alive but Confused: Heterogeneity of CD11c + MHC Class II + Cells in GM-CSF Mouse Bone Marrow Cultures
Authors: Julie Helft, Jan P. Böttcher, Probir Chakravarty, Santiago Zelenay, Jatta Huotari, Barbara U. Schraml, Delphine Goubau, Caetano Reis e Sousa
Journal: Immunity (2016)
Isochromosome 17 in Atypical Myeloproliferative and Lymphoproliferative Disorders2
Authors: Peter C. Nowell, Janet B. Finan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Two patients with uncommon blood disorders who had abnormal hemic cell clones with an isochromosome for the long arm of #17, i(17q), were described. The first patient, with an atypical myeloproliferative syndrome, had an i(17q) replacing a normal #17 in all marrow cells. Review of the few reports of myeloid disorders with i(17q) as the sole abnormality suggested that they constitute a specific preleukemic entity characterized by anemia, near-normal leukocyte count with slight immaturity of neutrophils, and abnormal myelopoiesis in the bone marrow. The second patient had T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with skin involvement, probably identical with the “small cell” variant of the Sézary syndrome. A clone of cells in blood and lymph node had an i(17q) plus other cytogenetic changes. Rearrangements involving chromosome #17 can apparently provide a selective growth advantage to many types of neoplastic cell.
A first-in-human phase I study of 4SC-201, an oral histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: A. T. Brunetto, J. E. Ang, R. Lal, D. Olmos, S. Frentzas, A. Mais, B. Hauns, M. Mollenhauer, G. Lahu, J. S. de Bono
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

3530 Background: 4SC-201 (former code BYK408740) is a specific, potent, pan-HDAC inhibitor with improved ADME properties. Methods: Patients (pts) with advanced refractory solid tumors were dosed once daily (QD) d1–5 in a 14-day cycle in sequential cohorts of 3–6 pts with 50 or 100% dose increments. Primary objectives were to determine safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 4SC-201. Pharmacodynamic assessment (histone acetylation and HDAC enzyme activity) and anti-tumor efficacy were secondary objectives. Blood samples for PK and PD were taken on days 1, 5 and 47 of treatment. Results: 18 pts (9M/9F) with a median age of 58.5 yrs (range 40–70) were treated at five dose levels: 3 pts each at 100mg, 200mg, 400mg and 600mg and 6 pts at 800mg. All pts were evaluable for toxicity and received at least 2 treatment cycles. Grade 3 DLT of nausea and vomiting occurred in 1 pt dosed at 800mg. Most common adverse events included nausea, vomiting and fatigue. 8 of 9 pts treated in the 600mg and 800mg cohorts had stable disease during the main phase of the study (4 treatment cycles). A patient with liposarcoma and another with thymoma (marginal response) continued treatment beyond 6 months. PK parameters were dose-proportional with a low inter-individual variability and indicated good bioavailability. The apparent t1/2 of oral 4SC-201 ranged from 2.3 to 4.4 hours. The degree of HDAC inhibition measured in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell functional assay was dose- dependent and increased from 50 to 100 %, although histone H4 acetylation accumulation after dosing did not differ significantly between dose levels. Conclusions: Oral 4SC-201 has favorable disposition and can be safely administered; 600mg QD d1–5 in a 14-day cycle is recommended for phase II evaluation. Safely administered doses modulate target with antitumor activity. [Table: see text]
Disposition of Endogenous Homocysteine by Mouse Fibroblast C3H/10T1/2 CI 8 and the Chemically Transformed C3H/10T1/2 MCA CI 16 Cells Following Methotrexate Exposure&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P M Ueland, H Refsum, R Male, J R Lillehaug
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The tumorigenic cell line termed "MCA Cl 16" was derived from C3H/10T1/2 clone (Cl) 8 cells by chemical transformation in the presence of 3-methylcholanthrene [(MCA) CAS: 56-49-5]. Transformed (Cl 16) cells were more sensitive toward the cytotoxic effect of methotrexate (MTX) than their normal counterpart Cl 8 cells. The disposition of endogenous L-homocysteine (Hcy) was investigated in these two cell lines after MTX exposure. Both nonmalignant and transformed cells exported Hcy into the extracellular medium, and only small amounts were retained within the cells. The Hcy efflux from the malignant cells was markedly increased after MTX exposure (0.5-10 microM), and this effect was almost completely prevented by 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (THF), whereas treatment with thymidine plus hypoxanthine did not inhibit the MTX-dependent Hcy efflux. Cytotoxic concentration of MCA reduced rather than increased the Hcy efflux from these cells. High concentrations of MTX (greater than 10 microM) were required to increase the release of Hcy from nonmalignant cells. The enhancement of Hcy export from the malignant cells in the presence of MTX was not associated with cellular build-up of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy), indicating that the amount of intracellular Hcy was kept below the level required for inhibition or reversion of the AdoHcy hydrolase reaction. MTX-dependent Hcy efflux probably reflects cellular deficiency of 5-methyl-THF required for the salvage of Hcy to methionine and may therefore be a measure of lack of this reduced folate relative to the metabolic demand.
Genetically modified mosquitos may be used in fight against Zika
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The World Health Organization is considering introducing transgenic mosquitos as a way of tackling the Zika virus.

WHO’s vector control advisory group is to be convened in the next few weeks to look at how to control the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, the main vector of the Zika virus. Besides looking at conventional vector control techniques, the group will consider the introduction of transgenic mosquitoes.

Pedro Alonso, director of WHO’s global malaria programme, told a press conference that controlling A Aegypti was complex. These mosquitoes have adapted well to human environments, live in urban areas, and have a particular attraction to humans. They bite during the day, unlike most malaria transmitting mosquitoes, and their eggs are sticky so are difficult to eliminate. Their larvae can also …