tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physician Gender and Patient-Centered Communication: A Critical Review of Empirical Research
Authors: Debra L. Roter, Judith A. Hall
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2004)

Physician gender has stimulated a good deal of interest as a possible source of variation in the interpersonal aspects of medical practice, with speculation that female physicians are more patient-centered in their communication with patients. Our objective is to synthesize the results of two meta-analytic reviews the effects of physician gender on communication in medical visits within a communication framework that reflects patient-centeredness and the functions of the medical visit. We performed online database searches of English-language abstracts for the years 1967 to 2001 (MEDLINE, AIDSLINE, PsycINFO, and BIOETHICS), and a hand search was conducted of reprint files and the reference sections of review articles and other publications. Studies using a communication data source such as audiotape, videotape, or direct observation were identified through bibliographic and computerized searches. Medical visits with female physicians were, on average, two minutes (10%) longer than those of male physicians. During this time, female physicians engaged in significantly more communication that can be considered patient-centered. They engaged in more active partnership behaviors, positive talk, psychosocial counseling, psychosocial question asking, and emotionally focused talk. Moreover, the patients of female physicians spoke more overall, disclosed more biomedical and psychosocial information, and made more positive statements to their physicians than did the patients of male physicians. Obstetrics and gynecology may present a pattern different from that of primary care: Male physicians demonstrated higher levels of emotionally focused talk than their female colleagues. Female primary care physicians and their patients engaged in more communication that can be considered patient-centered and had longer visits than did their male colleagues. Limited studies exist outside of primary care, and gender-related practice patterns might differ in some subspecialties from those evident in primary care.
Patient-Reported Quality of Life (Qol) with Sonidegib (Lde225) in Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma (Bcc)
Authors: R. Dummer, R. Gutzmer, M.R. Migden, L. Dirix, K. Lewis, P. Combemale, K. Higuchi, S. Gogov, T. Yi, R. Herd, R. Kudchadkar, U. Trefzer, J. Lear, D. Sellami, A. Guminski
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Phase III Trial of Carmustine and Cisplatin Compared With Carmustine Alone and Standard Radiation Therapy or Accelerated Radiation Therapy in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme: North Central Cancer Treatment Group 93-72-52 and Southwest Oncology Group 9503 Trials
Authors: Jan C. Buckner, Karla V. Ballman, John C. Michalak, Gary V. Burton, Terrence L. Cascino, Paula J. Schomberg, Roland B. Hawkins, Bernd W. Scheithauer, Howard M. Sandler, Randolph S. Marks, Judith R. O'Fallon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

In patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme, to determine whether cisplatin plus carmustine (BCNU) administered before and concurrently with radiation therapy (RT) improves survival compared with BCNU and RT and whether survival using accelerated RT (ART) is equivalent to survival using standard RT (SRT).After surgery, patients were stratified by age, performance score, extent of surgical resection, and histology (glioblastoma v gliosarcoma) and then randomly assigned to arm A (BCNU plus SRT), arm B (BCNU plus ART), arm C (cisplatin plus BCNU plus SRT), or arm D (cisplatin plus BCNU plus ART).Four hundred fifty-one patients were randomly assigned, and 401 were eligible. Frequent toxicities included myelosuppression, vomiting, sensory neuropathy, and ototoxicity and were worse with cisplatin. There was no difference in toxicity between SRT and ART. Median survival times and 2-year survival rates for patients who received BCNU plus RT (arms A and B) compared with cisplatin, BCNU, and RT (arms C and D) were 10.1 v 11.5 months, respectively, and 11.5% v 13.7%, respectively (P = .19). Median survival times and 2-year survival rates for patients who received SRT (arms A and C) compared with ART (arms B and D) were 11.2 v 10.5 months, respectively, and 13.8% v 11.4%, respectively (P = .33).Cisplatin administered concurrently with BCNU and RT resulted in more toxicity but provided no significant improvement in survival. SRT and ART produced similar toxicity and survival.
Molecular Identification of SV40 Infection in Human Subjects and Possible Association with Kidney Disease
Authors: Rui-Mei Li, Mary H. Branton, Somsak Tanawattanacharoen, Ronald A. Falk, J. Charles Jennette, Jeffrey B. Kopp
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

Simian virus 40 (SV40), a monkey polyomavirus that is believed to have entered the human population through contaminated vaccines, is known to be renotropic in simians. If indeed SV40 is endemic within the human population, the route of transmission is unknown. It was therefore hypothesized that SV40 might be renotropic in humans and be detected more frequently in samples obtained from patients with kidney diseases. This study found that typical polyomavirus cytopathic effects (CPE) were present and SV40 T antigen was detected in CV-1 cells cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or urinary cells obtained from patients with kidney disease and healthy volunteers. DNA sequences homologous to the SV40 viral regulatory genome were detected by PCR in urinary cells from 15 (41%) of 36 patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 2 (10%) of 20 patients with other kidney diseases, and 1 (4%) of 22 healthy volunteers (FSGS compared with other glomerular disease, P < 0.02; FSGS compared with healthy volunteers, P = 0.003). SV40 viral regulatory region genome was detected from PBMC at similar frequencies in patients with FSGS (35%), other glomerular diseases (20%), and healthy volunteers (22%). SV40 genome was detected by PCR in kidney tissues from 17 (56%) of 30 of patients with FSGS and 4 (20%) of 20 patients with minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy (P < 0.01). Considerable genetic heterogeneity of the viral regulatory region was detected, which argues against laboratory contamination. SV40 genome was localized to renal tubular epithelial cell nuclei in renal biopsies of patients with FSGS by in situ hybridization. This study demonstrates for the first time that human kidney can serve as a reservoir for SV40 replication and that SV40 may contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney disease, particularly FSGS.
Dynamic Coding for Cognitive Control in Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Mark G. Stokes, Makoto Kusunoki, Natasha Sigala, Hamed Nili, David Gaffan, John Duncan
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Cognitive flexibility is fundamental to adaptive intelligent behavior. Prefrontal cortex has long been associated with flexible cognitive function, but the neurophysiological principles that enable prefrontal cells to adapt their response properties according to context-dependent rules remain poorly understood. Here, we use time-resolved population-level neural pattern analyses to explore how context is encoded and maintained in primate prefrontal cortex and used in flexible decision making. We show that an instruction cue triggers a rapid series of state transitions before settling into a stable low-activity state. The postcue state is differentially tuned according to the current task-relevant rule. During decision making, the response to a choice stimulus is characterized by an initial stimulus-specific population response but evolves to different final decision-related states depending on the current rule. These results demonstrate how neural tuning profiles in prefrontal cortex adapt to accommodate changes in behavioral context. Highly flexible tuning could be mediated via short-term synaptic plasticity.
Cross‐reactivity of IgE‐binding components between boiled Atlantic shrimp and German cockroach
Authors: J. F. Crespo, C. Pascual, R. Helm, S. Sanchez‐Pastor, I. Ojeda, L. Romualdo, M. Martin‐Esteban, J. A. Ojeda
Journal: Allergy (1995)

IgE‐antibody reactivity to boiled Atlantic shrimp ( Pandalus borealis ) and German cockroach ( Blattella germanica ) of sera from 89 patients, sensitive to one or the other, was investigated with an enzymatic immunoassay for specific IgE detection (CAP‐FEIA System, Pharmacia, Sweden). IgE serum levels to both antishrimp and anticockroach allergens were found to be positive in 76 of the 89 (85.4%) tested sera. A positive anticockroach IgE was very rare in the absence of detectable antishrimp IgE (five of 89 sera). Linear regression analysis on antishrimp and anti‐German cockroach IgE levels‐log plot revealed correlation coefficient (r) of 0.73. Inhibition experiments showed that boiled Atlantic shrimp extract inhibited CAP with German cockroach, and vice versa. Immunoblotting showed the strongest IgE binding for both allergenic extracts between 30 and 43 kDa. By blot inhibition, the binding capacity of German cockroach was totally‐abolished by Atlantic shrimp extract, while German cockroach extract only partially IgE binding to Atlantic shrimp. Cross‐reactivity exists between shrimp, an important food allergen, and German cockroach, which has an increasing role in allergic asthma. It could be important to determine the clinical significance of cross‐allergy to both allergens, in which exposures occur in different ways.
Kinetics of the recovery from bronchial obstruction due to hyperventilation of cold air in asthmatic subjects
Authors: JL Malo, A Cartier, J L'Archeveque, H Ghezzo, RR Martin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

The timecourse of recovery from bronchial obstruction due to inhaled cold air was studied in eight adult asthmatic subjects. On the first visit, bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine was assessed. On the other two visits, after assessment of baseline lung resistance (RL) and spirometry, dry cold (-20 degrees C) air was inhaled for three minutes. RL was monitored continuously until its return to baseline +/- 20%. The baseline concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) varied from 0.03 to 5.9 mg.ml-1. The mean maximum increase in RL was 2-fold (2.03 +/- 0.41) and was reached 2-11 min after the challenge. RL values were linearly correlated to time (r2 values greater than 0.80 in 14/16 instances). The two slopes of recovery were not significantly different. Slopes of recovery and total time of recovery (14-55 min) varied greatly between subjects. No relationship was found between baseline airway calibre, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and maximal increase in baseline RL on the one hand and the slopes of recovery on the other.
Shelton's response
Authors: Don Shelton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

It is clear from their comments that no respondent has elected to read the supporting evidence referred to in my paper, where 150 pages of facts and evidence discuss in detail the points now raised.1

Camper's 1752 comment refers to the 20 line drawings, as he drew but one detailed drawing, plate 12. Hence, only 15 subjects were needed for Smellie's 39 plates and 17 for Hunter's 34 plates. In my full analysis, the 1750–1754 subjects are combined with those of Jenty and Shippen.

There was no network of resurrectionists in 1750–1754. Hunter's anatomy school commenced in late 1746 and he was the first anatomist to guarantee each student a subject. Prior to that, each London anatomist lectured upon one subject before his students, with single subjects resurrected as necessary. Resurrections were technically illegal, but condoned by authorities. Smellie never had an anatomy school and in 1750 Hunter only had about 50 students.

Undelivered subjects were extremely rare as doctors intervened to save the mother, or child if the mother died first. Applying MMR to Smellie's patient numbers infers one or two child-bed deaths per year, but undelivered cadavers were damaged by intervention and unsuitable as subjects.

As discussed in my analysis, resurrected cadavers were not fresh enough to reflect windows, as with Hunter's plate XXVI.

The supporting evidence shows murder was the only practical way for Hunter and Smellie to procure 20 fresh, undelivered cadavers within five years, when one, or perhaps two, undelivered subjects might have been expected, but those were rendered useless by intervention.

Even Hunter commented in his preface: ‘the opportunities for dissecting the human pregnant uterus at leisure, very rarely occur. Indeed, to most anatomists, if they happen at all, it has been but once or twice in their whole lives.’
Long term clinical outcome of chronic hepatitis C patients with sustained virological response to interferon monotherapy
Authors: B J Veldt
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> The key end point for treatment efficacy in chronic hepatitis C is absence of detectable virus at six months after treatment. However, the incidence of clinical events during long term follow up of patients with sustained virological response is still poorly documented and may differ between the Eastern and Western world. <b>Aims:</b> To assess clinical end points during long term follow up of European patients with a sustained virological response to interferon monotherapy. <b>Methods:</b> Meta-analysis of individual patient data from eight European protocolled follow up studies of interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C. <b>Results:</b> A total of 286 sustained virological responders and 50 biochemical responders (detectable virus but normal alanine aminotransferase levels) were followed up for 59 months. Fifteen sustained virological responders (5.2%) had cirrhosis before treatment and 112 (39%) had genotype 1. The late virological relapse rate after five years of follow up was 4.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–7.4) among sustained virological responders; all late relapses occurred within four years after treatment. Among sustained virological responders, the rate of decompensation after five years of follow up was 1.0% (95% CI 0.0–2.3) and none developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Survival was comparable with the general population, matched for age and sex, the standard mortality ratio being 1.4 (95% CI 0.3–2.5). Clinical outcome of patients with cirrhosis was similar to other sustained virological responders. For biochemical responders, the rates of development of decompensation and HCC during long term follow up were 9.1% (95% CI 0.5–17.7) and 7.1% (95% CI 0–15.0), respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Five year survival of European sustained virological responders was similar to the overall population, matched for age and sex. No HCCs were detected during long term follow up.
Treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters: results of a prospective multicentre study
Authors: None Mrowietz, None Christophers, None Altmeyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Systemic treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters (FAE) has been found effective by empirical means. In recent years clinical studies have confirmed the antipsoriatic activity of a defined mixture of different FAE. The aim of the present prospective multicentre study was to investigate further the efficacy and safety of FAE therapy in a large number of patients with severe psoriasis vulgaris. From 101 patients included in the study 70 completed the treatment period of 4 months. Discontinuation was due to adverse events in seven, lack of efficacy in two, and other reasons, such as non‐attendance for scheduled visits, in 22 patients. Evaluation of overall efficacy showed a decrease in psoriasis area and severity index of 80% after 4 months of FAE therapy. Laboratory investigations revealed a slight overall decrease of lymphocytes during the treatment period which was more than 50% below baseline in 10 patients. During weeks 4 and 8 mean eosinophil counts were above the normal range. At the end of FAE therapy elevated eosinophil counts had returned to normal values. None of the patients showed changes in renal function parameters throughout the study. Adverse events were reported in 69% of the patients mainly consisting of gastrointestinal complaints (56%) and flushing (31%). In five patients gastrointestinal complaints and in two patients flushing led to withdrawal from the study. Taken together the results of this multicentre study showed in a large number of patients that systemic FAE treatment is effective in severe psoriasis vulgaris. Transient eosinophilia seems to be a characteristic feature of FAE therapy, while lymphocytopenia is usually mild. Adverse effects are dose‐related and consist mainly of gastrointestinal complaints and flushing.
Effect of Diacerein on Insulin Secretion and Metabolic Control in Drug-Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Maria G. Ramos-Zavala, Manuel González-Ortiz, Esperanza Martínez-Abundis, José A. Robles-Cervantes, Roberto González-López, Nestor J. Santiago-Hernández
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of diacerein on insulin secretion and metabolic control in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 40 drug-naïve adult patients with type 2 diabetes. A metabolic profile including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and fasting insulin levels was carried out before the intervention and 2 months afterward. A hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was performed to assess the phases of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. After randomization, 20 patients received diacerein (50 mg once daily) for the first 15 days and twice daily for 45 additional days. The remaining patients received placebo. Intra- and intergroup differences were calculated by Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS There were significant increases in first (102 ± 63 vs. 130 ± 75 pmol/L; P &amp;lt; 0.01), late (219 ± 111 vs. 280 ± 135 pmol/L; P &amp;lt; 0.01), and total insulin (178 ± 91 vs. 216 ± 99 pmol/L; P &amp;lt; 0.01) secretions without changes in insulin sensitivity after diacerein administration. There were significant decreases in fasting glucose (7.9 ± 1.4 vs. 6.8 ± 1.0 mmol/L; P &amp;lt; 0.01) and in A1C levels (8.3 ± 1.0 vs. 7.0 ± 0.8%; P &amp;lt; 0.001) after diacerein administration. There were no significant changes after placebo administration in the above-mentioned evaluations. CONCLUSIONS Insulin secretion increased and metabolic control improved after diacerein administration in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
The Sick Sinus Syndrome in Atrial Disease
Authors: M. Irene Ferrer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Although little basic information exists regarding atrial disease, certain clinical states can be grouped into a syndrome resulting from a failing sinoatrial (SA) node. One or more of the following symptoms appears: persistent, severe, and unexpected sinus bradycardia; cessation of sinus rhythm for short intervals with other rhythms supervening; long periods of sinus arrest without rescue rhythm, which produces cardiac arrest; untreated chronic atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular rate; no sinus rhythm after cardioversion; SA exit block. Symptoms spring from hypoperfusion of vital organs.
Combining guilt-by-association and guilt-by-profiling to predict Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene function
Authors: Weidong Tian, Lan V Zhang, Murat Taşan, Francis D Gibbons, Oliver D King, Julie Park, Zeba Wunderlich, J Michael Cherry, Frederick P Roth
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract Background: Learning the function of genes is a major goal of computational genomics. Methods for inferring gene function have typically fallen into two categories: 'guilt-by-profiling', which exploits correlation between function and other gene characteristics; and 'guilt-by-association', which transfers function from one gene to another via biological relationships. Results: We have developed a strategy (' Funckenstein ') that performs guilt-by-profiling and guilt-by-association and combines the results. Using a benchmark set of functional categories and input data for protein-coding genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Funckenstein was compared with a previous combined strategy. Subsequently, we applied Funckenstein to 2,455 Gene Ontology terms. In the process, we developed 2,455 guilt-by-profiling classifiers based on 8,848 gene characteristics and 12 functional linkage graphs based on 23 biological relationships. Conclusion: Funckenstein outperforms a previous combined strategy using a common benchmark dataset. The combination of 'guilt-by-profiling' and 'guilt-by-association' gave significant improvement over the component classifiers, showing the greatest synergy for the most specific functions. Performance was evaluated by cross-validation and by literature examination of the top-scoring novel predictions. These quantitative predictions should help prioritize experimental study of yeast gene functions.
Effect of maternal mental health on infant growth in low income countries: new evidence from South Asia
Authors: Vikram Patel, Atif Rahman, K S Jacob, Marcus Hughes
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Impaired infant growth, a major problem in South Asia, may require interventions to improve maternal mental health in addition to current interventions targeting infant nutrition Unicef estimates that over 220 million children aged less than 5 years in the developing world have significantly impaired growth. 1 The South Asian region is perhaps worst affected, being home to more than half of all the underweight children in the world. 2 This article considers the relevance of new evidence on the epidemiology and impact of postnatal depression in South Asia on poor infant growth in low income countries.This evidence shows, for the first time, that a common and potentially treatable mental health problem in mothers is one of the causes of infant failure to thrive.We use this evidence to present a case that child focused interventions, largely aiming to provide supplementary nutrition, may need to be combined with mother focused interventions that target maternal mental health.