tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carotid Plaque Calcification Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Saula Vigili de Kreutzenberg, Gian Paolo Fadini, Stefano Guzzinati, Marta Mazzucato, Antonio Volpi, Anna Coracina, Angelo Avogaro
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

The presence of carotid plaques is associated with future cardiovascular events, with local plaque composition being an independent outcome predictor. We examined the association between ultrasonographically determined carotid plaque calcification and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death in type 2 diabetes (T2D).We enrolled 581 patients with T2D who underwent routine carotid ultrasonography. Plaques were classified as echolucent (lipid rich), heterogenous, and echogenic (calcific). We collected demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data at baseline and followed the patients for up to 9 years.Plaques were detected in 81.8% of the patients (echolucent in 16.4%, heterogenous in 43.2%, and echogenic in 22.2%). During follow-up (4.3 ± 0.1 years), 58 deaths (27 cardiovascular) and 236 fatal and nonfatal MACE occurred. In univariate analyses, presence versus absence of any carotid plaque was associated with incident MACE, and the hazard ratio (95% CI) progressively increased from echolucent (1.97 [0.93-3.44]), to heterogeneous (3.10 [2.09-4.23]), to echogenic (3.71 [2.09-5.59]) plaques. Compared with echolucent plaques, echogenic plaques were associated with incident MACE independently from confounders. This association was attenuated after adjusting for the degree of stenosis, but in patients with stenosis ≤30%, echogenic plaque type still predicted total and atherosclerotic MACE, even after further adjusting for mean intima-media thickness.In T2D, carotid plaque calcification predicts MACE, especially in patients with a low degree of stenosis. The biology of atherosclerotic calcification in diabetes needs to be further elucidated to understand the basis of this association.
Tandem Autologous/Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation Versus Autologous Transplantation in Myeloma: Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Bo Björkstrand, Simona Iacobelli, Ute Hegenbart, Astrid Gruber, Hildegard Greinix, Liisa Volin, Franco Narni, Pellegrino Musto, Meral Beksac, Alberto Bosi, Giuseppe Milone, Paolo Corradini, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Theo de Witte, Curly Morris, Dietger Niederwieser, Gösta Gahrton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Results of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo) in myeloma are controversial. In this trial autologous stem-cell transplantation (auto) followed by reduced-intensity conditioning matched sibling donor allo (auto-allo) was compared with auto only in previously untreated multiple myeloma.In all, 357 patients with myeloma up to age 69 years were enrolled from 2001 to 2005. Patients with an HLA-identical sibling donor were allocated to the auto-allo arm (n = 108) and patients without a matched sibling donor were allocated to the auto arm (n = 249). Single (n = 145) or tandem (n = 104) auto was optional. Conditioning for the auto arm was melphalan 200 mg/m(2); conditioning for the allo arm was total-body irradiation 2 Gy plus fludarabine 30 mg/m(2)/d for 3 days. Median follow-up time was 61 months. Primary end point was progression-free survival.Progression-free survival at 60 months was significantly better with auto-allo than with auto [corrected] alone (35% v 18%; P = .001), as was the risk of death and of relapse in the long term (P = .047 and P = .003, respectively). Overall survival at 60 months was 65% versus 58%, and relapse incidence was 49% versus 78%. Complete remission rates were 51% and 41%, respectively (P = .020). Nonrelapse mortality at 24 months was 12% after auto-allo compared with 3% in the auto group (P < .001). The incidence of grade 2 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was 20%, and the incidence of limited and extensive chronic GvHD was 31% and 23%.In patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma, long-term outcome with respect to progression-free survival, overall survival, and relapse rate is superior after auto-allo compared with auto only. Nonrelapse mortality is at a reasonable level in both groups.
A survey of the treatment of 200 cases of basal cell carcinoma (1959–1966 inclusive)
Authors: E. NEVRKLA, K. A. NEWTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

The most satisfactory regime for radiotherapeutic treatment of basal cell carcinoma in this study was ten to twelve daily fractions of 400–500 rad, 5 days a week to a total dose of 4000–5000 rad. This method produced the highest cure rate with the least incidence of radionecrosis and the best cosmetic result. The use of implant methods is retained for lesions in difficult sites, i. e. the inner canthus and the nasolabial folds.
Advances in tuberculosis diagnostics: the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and future prospects for a point-of-care test
Authors: Stephen D Lawn, Peter Mwaba, Matthew Bates, Amy Piatek, Heather Alexander, Ben J Marais, Luis E Cuevas, Timothy D McHugh, Lynn Zijenah, Nathan Kapata, Ibrahim Abubakar, Ruth McNerney, Michael Hoelscher, Ziad A Memish, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Peter Kim, Markus Maeurer, Marco Schito, Alimuddin Zumla
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2013)
Oxygen saturation targets in infants with bronchiolitis (BIDS): a double-blind, randomised, equivalence trial
Authors: Steve Cunningham, Aryelly Rodriguez, Tim Adams, Kathleen A Boyd, Isabella Butcher, Beth Enderby, Morag MacLean, Jonathan McCormick, James Y Paton, Fiona Wee, Huw Thomas, Kay Riding, Steve W Turner, Chris Williams, Emma McIntosh, Steff C Lewis
Journal: The Lancet (2015)

BackgroundThe American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a permissive hypoxaemic target for an oxygen saturation of 90% for children with bronchiolitis, which is consistent with the WHO recommendations for targets in children with lower respiratory tract infections. No evidence exists to support this threshold. We aimed to assess whether the 90% or higher target for management of oxygen supplementation was equivalent to a normoxic 94% or higher target for infants admitted to hospital with viral bronchiolitis.MethodsWe did a parallel-group, randomised, controlled, equivalence trial of infants aged 6 weeks to 12 months of age with physician-diagnosed bronchiolitis newly admitted into eight paediatric hospital units in the UK (the Bronchiolitis of Infancy Discharge Study [BIDS]). A central computer randomly allocated (1:1) infants, in varying length blocks of four and six and without stratification, to be clipped to standard oximeters (patients treated with oxygen if pulse oxygen saturation [SpO2] <94%) or modified oximeters (displayed a measured value of 90% as 94%, therefore oxygen not given until SpO2 <90%). All parents, clinical staff, and outcome assessors were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was time to resolution of cough (prespecified equivalence limits of plus or minus 2 days) in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN28405428.FindingsBetween Oct 3, and March 30, 2012, and Oct 1, and March 29, 2013, we randomly assigned 308 infants to standard oximeters and 307 infants to modified oximeters. Cough resolved by 15·0 days (median) in both groups (95% CI for difference −1 to 2) and so oxygen thresholds were equivalent. We recorded 35 serious adverse events in 32 infants in the standard care group and 25 serious adverse events in 24 infants in the modified care group. In the standard care group, eight infants transferred to a high-dependency unit, 23 were readmitted, and one had a prolonged hospital stay. In the modified care group, 12 infants were transferred to a high-dependency unit and 12 were readmitted to hospital. Recorded adverse events did not differ significantly.InterpretationManagement of infants with bronchiolitis to an oxygen saturation target of 90% or higher is as safe and clinically effective as one of 94% or higher. Future research should assess the benefits and risks of different oxygen saturation targets in acute respiratory infection in older children, particularly in developing nations where resources are scarce.FundingNational Institute for Health Research, Health Technology Assessment programme.
<i>Birth Injuries of the Central Nervous System. Part I—Cerebral Birth Injuries:</i>By Frank R. Ford, Johns Hopkins Hospital.<i>Part II—Cord Birth Injuries:</i>By Bronson Crothers and Marian C. Putnam, Harvard Medical School; with a foreword by Adolf Meyer. Medicine Monographs XI. (<i>Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1927.</i>)
Authors: Leo M. Davidoff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1928)
Prevalence of Body Iron Excess in the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Claudia Bozzini, Domenico Girelli, Oliviero Olivieri, Nicola Martinelli, Antonella Bassi, Giovanna De Matteis, Ilaria Tenuti, Valentina Lotto, Simonetta Friso, Francesca Pizzolo, Roberto Corrocher
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

The metabolic syndrome, clinically defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) (1), affects ∼25% of western adults (2). The metabolic syndrome is closely linked to insulin resistance and implies an increased cardiovascular risk (3,4). Accumulating evidence suggests a link between body iron excess and insulin metabolism (5). Studies have shown an association between serum ferritin and one or more metabolic syndrome feature (6–11). Moreover, a syndrome characterized by hepatic iron overload (HIO) associated with insulin resistance features (insulin resistance–associated HIO [IR-HIO]), unrelated to genetic hemochromatosis, has been described (12,13). IR-HIO currently represents the most frequent indication to venesection in referral care units for iron overload (14). Data on the other side of the phenomenon, namely the prevalence of a potentially relevant iron overload in subjects selected for having metabolic syndrome, are scanty.

Within the registry of the Verona Heart Project (15), we identified metabolic syndrome subjects according to ATPIII because of three of more of the following: 1 ) fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dl or antidiabetes medication, 2 ) hypertension (blood pressure ≥135/85 mmHg or medication), 3 ) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, 4 ) HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men and <50 mg/dl in women, and 5 ) obesity (BMI ≥27 kg/m2 instead of waist circumference, due to unavailability of waist circumference measurement in all subjects). An age-matched control group was extracted from the registry, requiring the absence of either metabolic syndrome or any evidence of cardiovascular disease. We excluded patients who were homozygous for the main HFE mutation associated with genetic hemochromatosis (C282Y) or who …
Survey of non-invasive ventilation (NIPPV) in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the UK
Authors: M J Doherty, M A Greenstone
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated by respiratory failure. A survey was undertaken to assess the availability of NIPPV for the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD and to determine how NIPPV is delivered in hospitals in the UK.A questionnaire was sent to consultants with an interest in respiratory medicine from 268 of the hospitals found in the BTS directory. The questionnaire enquired about the hospital as well as the availability of NIPPV in the hospital. If NIPPV was available in the hospital, details of implementation, staffing and funding were determined.Replies to the questionnaire were received from 98.5% of consultants. NIPPV was available in 48% of hospitals, these hospitals tending to serve larger populations and to have more respiratory physicians than the hospitals where NIPPV was not available. There was considerable regional variation in the availability of NIPPV. In hospitals where NIPPV was not available the reason(s) were lack of consultant training in 53%, lack of other staff training in 63%, financial in 63%, and doubt about the benefit of NIPPV in 15% of cases. In those hospitals where NIPPV was available, clinical practice varied greatly: 68% of centres treated fewer than 20 patients a year with this form of treatment and 9% treated more than 60 patients a year. Although NIPPV was paid for completely from the trust equipment budget in 46 hospitals (41%), other money such as research or charitable funds were used at least partially in the other hospitals and NIPPV was financed solely from research or charitable funds in 41 hospitals (37%).Equipment for NIPPV is available in less than half of the acute hospitals in the UK. In those in which it is available it is generally underused. Lack of training and problems with funding are generally given for the failure to introduce NIPPV.
Multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase mediates Ca(2+)-induced enhancement of the L-type Ca2+ current in rabbit ventricular myocytes.
Authors: M E Anderson, A P Braun, H Schulman, B A Premack
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The intracellular mechanism underlying the Ca(2+)-induced enhancement of the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) was examined in adult rabbit cardiac ventricular myocytes by using patch-clamp methodology. Internal Ca2+ was elevated by flash photolysis of the Ca2+ chelator Nitr 5, and intracellular Ca2+ levels were simultaneously monitored by Fluo 3 fluorescence. Flash photolysis of Nitr 5 produced a rapid (&lt; 1-second) elevation of internal Ca2+, which led to enhancement (39% to 51% above control) of the peak inward Ca2+ current after a delay of 20 to 120 seconds. Internal dialysis of myocytes with synthetic inhibitory peptides derived from the pseudosubstrate (peptide 273-302) and calmodulin binding (peptide 291-317) regions within the regulatory domain of multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) blocked enhancement of ICa produced by elevation of internal Ca2+ but not that produced by beta-adrenergic stimulation. These inhibitory peptides also had no effect on the elevation of internal Ca2+ produced by flash photolysis of Nitr 5. A pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptide derived from protein kinase C had no significant effect on Ca(2+)-dependent enhancement of ICa. We conclude that CaM kinase mediates the Ca(2+)-induced enhancement of ICa in mammalian cardiac myocytes by a mechanism likely involving direct phosphorylation of the L-type Ca2+ channel complex or an associated regulatory protein.
An Unusual Hemoglobin Anomaly and Its Relation to α-Thalassemia and Hemoglobin-H Disease
Authors: G. D. Efremov, Ruth N. Wrightstone, T. H. J. Huisman, W. A. Schroeder, Carol Hyman, Jorge Ortega, Kenneth Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

A Chinese family with hemoglobin H in the propositus has been reinvestigated. Although the original propositus is now deceased, a sister has the same hematological manifestations. Her hemoglobin, like that of the deceased sister, contains hemoglobins A, H, and Bart's. In addition, however, two minor components have been detected. These minor components appear to have abnormal α-chains and are also present in the maternal grandmother, the mother, a maternal aunt, and three other siblings but only in about one-tenth the amount. One of the minor components may be the same as Hb-Thai (25). The father has the characteristics of classical α-thalassemia. These results are discussed in relation to current concepts of α-thalassemia as they relate to "silent" and "classical" α-thalassemia and to possible multiple α-chain loci.
Physicians’ Duty to Participate in Pandemic Care
Authors: M. Carmen Meerschaert
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Inhibition in the Development of Hypertrophy in the Hyperthyroid Rat Heart
Authors: Helen J. Atherton, Michael S. Dodd, Lisa C. Heather, Marie A. Schroeder, Julian L. Griffin, George K. Radda, Kieran Clarke, Damian J. Tyler
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Hyperthyroidism increases heart rate, contractility, cardiac output, and metabolic rate. It is also accompanied by alterations in the regulation of cardiac substrate use. Specifically, hyperthyroidism increases the ex vivo activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, thereby inhibiting glucose oxidation via pyruvate dehydrogenase. Cardiac hypertrophy is another effect of hyperthyroidism, with an increase in the abundance of mitochondria. Although the hypertrophy is initially beneficial, it can eventually lead to heart failure. The aim of this study was to use hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the rate and regulation of in vivo pyruvate dehydrogenase flux in the hyperthyroid heart and to establish whether modulation of flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase would alter cardiac hypertrophy.Hyperthyroidism was induced in 18 male Wistar rats with 7 daily intraperitoneal injections of freshly prepared triiodothyronine (0.2 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). In vivo pyruvate dehydrogenase flux, assessed with hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was reduced by 59% in hyperthyroid animals (0.0022 ± 0.0002 versus 0.0055 ± 0.0005 second(-1); P=0.0003), and this reduction was completely reversed by both short- and long-term delivery of dichloroacetic acid, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor. Hyperpolarized [2-(13)C]pyruvate was also used to evaluate Krebs cycle metabolism and demonstrated a unique marker of anaplerosis, the level of which was significantly increased in the hyperthyroid heart. Cine magnetic resonance imaging showed that long-term dichloroacetic acid treatment significantly reduced the hypertrophy observed in hyperthyroid animals (100 ± 20 versus 200 ± 30 mg; P=0.04) despite no change in the increase observed in cardiac output.This work has demonstrated that inhibition of glucose oxidation in the hyperthyroid heart in vivo is mediated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Relieving this inhibition can increase the metabolic flexibility of the hyperthyroid heart and reduce the level of hypertrophy that develops while maintaining the increased cardiac output required to meet the higher systemic metabolic demand.
THE ASSAY OF HYPERTENSIN FROM THE ARTERIAL BLOOD OF NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE HUMAN BEINGS
Authors: Joseph R. Kahn, Leonard T. Skeggs, Norman P. Shumway, Paul E. Wisenbaugh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Hypertensin has been assayed in the blood of patients with normal blood pressure and in those with essential hypertension in both the benign and malignant phases. 250 ml. samples of arterial blood were obtained, chemically purified, and concentrated to a volume of 1 ml. These extracts were then assayed in anesthetized rats. The concentrations of hypertensin in the blood of patients with the malignant phase of essential hypertension were found to be greatly increased. The concentrations of hypertensin found in patients with benign hypertension had a moderate degree of overlapping with those found in the normotensive group, but the mean concentration of hypertensin in the former group was twice that of the controls. Although these results are statistically significant, the amounts of hypertensin recovered in the benign group are so small that no conclusions can be drawn as to its effectiveness in producing vasoconstriction in these patients.
Associations between Extreme Precipitation and Gastrointestinal-Related Hospital Admissions in Chennai, India
Authors: Kathleen F. Bush, Marie S. O’Neill, Shi Li, Bhramar Mukherjee, Howard Hu, Santu Ghosh, Kalpana Balakrishnan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Understanding the potential links between extreme weather events and human health in India is important in the context of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. Research exploring such linkages in India is sparse.Objectives: We evaluated the association between extreme precipitation and gastrointestinal (GI) illness-related hospital admissions in Chennai, India, from 2004 to 2007.Methods: Daily hospital admissions were extracted from two government hospitals in Chennai, India, and meteorological data were retrieved from the Chennai International Airport. We evaluated the association between extreme precipitation (≥ 90th percentile) and hospital admissions using generalized additive models. Both single-day and distributed lag models were explored over a 15-day period, controlling for apparent temperature, day of week, and long-term time trends. We used a stratified analysis to explore the association across age and season.Results: Extreme precipitation was consistently associated with GI-related hospital admissions. The cumulative summary of risk ratios estimated for a 15-day period corresponding to an extreme event (relative to no precipitation) was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.98) among all ages, 2.72 (95% CI: 1.25, 5.92) among the young (≤ 5 years of age), and 1.62 (95% CI: 0.97, 2.70) among the old (≥ 65 years of age). The association was stronger during the pre-monsoon season (March–May), with a cumulative risk ratio of 6.50 (95% CI: 2.22, 19.04) for all ages combined compared with other seasons.Conclusions: Hospital admissions related to GI illness were positively associated with extreme precipitation in Chennai, India, with positive cumulative risk ratios for a 15-day period following an extreme event in all age groups. Projected changes in precipitation and extreme weather events suggest that climate change will have important implications for human health in India, where health disparities already exist.Citation: Bush KF, O'Neill MS, Li S, Mukherjee B, Hu H, Ghosh S, Balakrishnan K. 2014. Associations between extreme precipitation and gastrointestinal-related hospital admissions in Chennai, India. Environ Health Perspect 122:249–254; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306807