tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity vs Health Education for Cognition in Sedentary Older Adults—Reply
Authors: Jeffrey A. Katula, Timothy Church, Kaycee M. Sink
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Randomized Phase 2 of Amrubicin(A) Vs Re-Challenge of Platinum(P) in Sensitive-Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer(Sclc)
Authors: Satoshi Oizumi, Akira Inoue, Shunichi Sugawara, Makoto Maemondo, Yoshiaki Mori, Masao Harada, Kageaki Taima, Naoto Morikawa, Takashi Ishida, Ichiro Kinoshita
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Polyoma Virus and L Cell Relationship. I. Some Characteristics of a Cell Line Persistently Infected With Polyoma Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. Donald Hare, Piero Balduzzi, Herbert R. Morgan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Clone 929, derived from the strain L cell of Earle, was infected with polyoma virus and maintained in continuous subculture for 2 years, supporting active viral proliferation without evidence of cytopathic effect. Furthermore, there was no demonstrable increase in the neoplastic capacity of the carrier cells, as indicated by their failure to produce solid tumors in C3H mice. Likewise, there was no measurable difference in the ability of the carrier line to produce tumors in the cheek pouches of cortisone-treated hamsters when compared to the parental cell line. Maintenance of the carrier state is not dependent entirely on replacement of infected, dying cells by rapid cellular proliferation or on the addition of viral inhibitors or specific antibody that might be in the serum supplement. Evidence is presented to indicate that the establishment of persistent infection is the usual relationship between polyoma virus and the strain L cell.
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition induces oxidative stress and decreases intracellular glutathione to reduce survival of human B lymphoma/leukemia cells
Authors: E. P. Ryan, I. Rahman, R. P. Phipps
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18522 We recently reported that inhibition of Cox-2 reduced human B-CLL proliferation and survival. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms whereby a small molecule Cox-2 selective inhibitor (SC-58125) blunts survival of human B cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. SC-58125 (a celecoxib analogue) and OSU03012 (a celecoxib analogue that lacks Cox-2 inhibitory activity) both decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in malignant human B cells, as well as in Cox-2 deficient mouse B cells. This new finding supports Cox-2 independent effects of SC-58125. Interestingly, SC-58125 also significantly increased B cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting that ROS are a pathway that reduces malignant cell survival. Addition of GSH ethyl ester protected B lymphomas from the increased mitochondrial membrane permeability and reduced survival induced by SC-58125. Moreover, the SC-58125-mediated GSH depletion resulted in elevated steady-state levels of the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit mRNA and protein. These new findings of increased ROS and diminished GSH levels following SC-58125 exposure support novel mechanisms whereby a Cox-2 selective inhibitor reduces malignant B cell survival. These observations also support the concept that certain Cox-2 selective inhibitors may have therapeutic value in combination with other drugs to kill malignant B lineage cells. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Expression and Prognostic Significance of Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients With Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: M. Michael, B. Babic, R. Khokha, M. Tsao, J. Ho, M. Pintilie, K. Leco, D. Chamberlain, F. A. Shepherd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are important in tumor development and progression. MMP expression has been correlated with advanced clinical stage and poor survival in some tumors, but data for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in SCLC and to evaluate their importance relative to standard prognostic factors.Expression of MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, -11, -13, and -14 and TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In situ hybridization was used to confirm expression of specific mRNAs. Clinical data collected included sex, tumor stage, performance status, weight loss, hematology (hemoglobin, WBC, platelets) and biochemistry (sodium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase), treatment, and survival.Samples from 46 patients were evaluated: 30 males, 16 females; 29 limited, 17 extensive stage; 35 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1. Positive IHC staining was evident for MMP-1 and -9 in 60% to 70% of tumor cells, and for MMP-11, -13, and -14 and TIMP-2 and -3 in 70% to 100% of tumor cells. Stromal staining of TIMP-1 to -3 was present in less than 30% of specimens. On multivariate analysis, only stage and decreased tumoral expression of TIMP-1 were significant for response (P =.043). Significant factors for survival were tumor stage (P =.0021); weight loss (P =. 013); and high tumor cell expression of MMP-3 (P =.077), MMP-11 (P =. 031), and MMP-14 (P =.019). MMP and TIMP expression did not differ significantly between stages.MMPs and TIMPs are widely expressed in SCLC. Increased tumoral expression of MMP-3, -11, and -14 were independent negative prognostic factors for survival. The results support the evaluation of synthetic MMP inhibitors in patients with SCLC.
Ferritin and Transferrin Are Associated With Metabolic Syndrome Abnormalities and Their Change Over Time in a General Population
Authors: Istvan S. Vari, Beverley Balkau, Adrian Kettaneh, Philippe André, Jean Tichet, Frédéric Fumeron, Emile Caces, Michel Marre, Bernard Grandchamp, Pierre Ducimetière
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The aim of this work was to study cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between iron stocks (ferritin) and the iron transport protein (transferrin) with the metabolic syndrome and its abnormalities.A total of 469 men and 278 premenopausal and 197 postmenopausal women from the French Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort, aged 30-65 years, were followed over 6 years.Higher concentrations of both ferritin and transferrin were associated with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Adult Treatment Panel III original and revised definitions of the metabolic syndrome at baseline: for the IDF definition of the metabolic syndrome, the standardized, age-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for log(ferritin) were 1.49 (1.14-1.94) for men, 2.10 (1.27-3.48) for premenopausal women, and 1.80 (1.21-2.68) for postmenopausal women; for transferrin they were, respectively, 1.94 (1.53-2.47), 2.22 (1.32-3.75), and 2.14 (1.47-3.10). After 6 years of follow-up, the change in the presence of the metabolic syndrome was associated with higher baseline values in all three groups: log(ferritin), 1.46 (1.13-1.89), 1.28 (0.85-1.94), and 1.62 (1.10-2.38); and transferrin, 1.41 (1.10-1.81), 1.63 (1.05-2.52), and 1.51 (1.02-2.22). Among syndrome components, hypertriglyceridemia at 6 years was the component most strongly associated with baseline ferritin and transferrin. The odds of an incident IDF-defined metabolic syndrome after 6 years was more than fourfold higher when ferritin and transferrin values were both above the group-specific top tertile, in comparison with participants with both parameters below these thresholds.This is the first prospective study associating ferritin and transferrin with the metabolic syndrome and its components. When both markers of the iron metabolism are elevated, the incidence of the metabolic syndrome is increased in men and both pre- and postmenopausal women.
Cardiac Surveillance Guidelines for Trastuzumab-Containing Therapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Getting to the Heart of the Matter
Authors: Chau T. Dang, Anthony F. Yu, Lee W. Jones, Jennifer Liu, Richard M. Steingart, Daniel F. Argolo, Larry Norton, Clifford A. Hudis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Trastuzumab-containing regimens for breast cancer have significantly improved survival both in the early-stage and metastatic settings.1-8 Nevertheless, given the early signals of cardiotoxicity, a prevailing concern exists regarding the risk of cardiotoxicity, defined as a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) both asymptomatic and symptomatic. This concern that LVEF decline would be an early and actionable surrogate for subsequent development of congestive heart failure (CHF) led to the design and implementation of specific eligibility criteria and LVEF surveillance guidelines for the pivotal randomized adjuvant trials. These guidelines were subsequently adopted as the standard of care. However, it is increasingly unclear whether these specific recommendations are justified for all patients. Resolution of this matter is critical for our community because adherence to these guidelines was recently proposed as a quality metric.9 This issue raises the general question of the level of evidence needed to accept a toxicity screening schedule as a quality indicator. If following these guidelines is not associated with improved outcomes, then adherence to them as a quality metric should be challenged. Cardiotoxicity screening can serve to illuminate this issue. Here, we review the historical events that led to the development of the current guidelines and highlight critical knowledge gaps with regard to the benefits of screening and intervention.
Pattern of head and neck cancers in a Nigerian tertiary health center: A 10-year review
Authors: S. Alabi, G. Rahman, K. Badmos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e17054 Background: Cancer is a rising health problem worldwide, Nigeria inclusive. A variety of different tumour types may arise at a host of sites within the head and neck region. This 10-year review is to assess the various sites of primary lesion, gender and age distribution and histopathological types, so as to update data with an earlier study done in our centre between 1997–2001. Methods: This 10 year review of patients with head and neck cancers was carried out at the University of Ilorin teaching, Ilorin, North central Nigeria between January 1997 and December 2006.The hospital is one of 2 teaching hospitals in the zone of 6 constituent states out of 36 states in Nigeria, with an average population of 5 to 6 million (2003 Nigerian census). Information extracted from the case notes of patients with histological results included: Age, sex, clinical features, site of tumour, and the histological types of tumour. The International classification of disease oncology (ICDO) ninth version was used to categorize the sites of the tumour. Results: A total of 138 cases of head and cancers were seen over the 10 year period with an average occurrence of 14 cases/year, male/ female ratio of 1.1 to 1.0, age range of 1.5 years to 85 years with a mean age of 45.23 years, the peak age incidence of fifth to sixth decades of life being 47.2%.The commonest histological type was carcinoma (78.3%), then lymphomas (12.3%), blastomas (5.1%), sarcomas (4.3%). The commonest site were the nose, paranasal sinuses and ears (23.9%), eye (15.2%), nasopharynx (13%), neck (13% -metastatic unknown primary 4.3%), thyroid (12.3%), larynx (10.2%), oral cavity and oropharynx (6.5%), salivary glands (3.6%), mandible (1.4%), and skin (0.74%). Conclusions: This result shows that head and neck cancers occur among Nigerians with no sex differentiation in their prime of life, the histological types are similar to the previous series, however the site seems to have changed with the nose and paranasal sinuses, eye, and nasopharynx being the commonest sites. The metastatic unknown primaries in the neck are much lower. The devastating effects on the individual, family and the community are enormous in a setting with late presentations at the hospital and a strong belief in traditional medicine. Emphasis on prevention of these cancers is stressed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 309: Miniaturized Chest Compressor Improves Cerebral Perfusion Without Increases in Intracranial Pressure During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Porcine Model
Authors: Jiefeng Xu, Xianwen Hu, Xiaobo Wu, Shijie Sun, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Previously, we demonstrated that the miniaturized mechanical chest compressor (MCC) improved hemodynamic efficacy and the success of CPR. Currently, we investigated the effects of the same device on cerebral perfusion and intracranial pressure (ICP). Hypothesis: Mechanical chest compression with MCC would improve cerebral perfusion without increases in ICP during CPR. Methods: Thirteen male domestic pigs weighing 39 ± 3 kg were utilized. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and untreated for 7 mins. The animals were then randomized to receive mechanical chest compression with the MCC (n=7), or the Thumper device (n=6). Defibrillation was attempted after 5 mins of CPR. If resuscitation was not successful, CPR was resumed for 2 mins prior to the next defibrillation until either successful resuscitation or for a total of 15 mins. Results: During CPR, significantly greater mean cerebral perfusion pressure was produced by the MCC when compared with the Thumper device. However, there was no significant difference in mean ICP. Interestingly, diastolic ICP was significantly lower in the MCC group, which was closely related to the significantly lower negative intrathoracic pressure in the animals that received the MCC (Table). Conclusion: During CPR, mechanical chest compression with MCC significantly improved cerebral perfusion without increases in ICP.
Abstract 10144: Uncovering the Burden of Familial Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Disease
Authors: Elizabeth N Robertson, Richmond W Jeremy
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (fTAAD) has been linked with multiple gene mutations in large family studies. Unlike Marfan Syndrome, fTAAD has no characteristic physical signs. Therefore the overall burden of fTAAD and its demographics remain uncertain. We hypothesized that fTAAD may be more common than previously recognized. All probands presenting with TAAD aged less than 60 years in the absence of predisposing conditions (ie hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, aortitis, Marfan Syndrome, Loeys Dietz syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve) were enrolled, and their first-degree relatives screened for fTAAD. Aortic diameter was measured by 2D echocardiography, with maximum diameter at sinus of valsalva or ascending aorta recorded and indexed to body size. A total of 178 probands were identified, 93 of whom had no identifiable affected family members and were defined as sporadic TAAD (sTAAD). The remaining 85 had 1 or more affected family members. Screening of 383 at risk family members identified a further 181 affected individuals (total fTAAD n = 266). The demographics and dissection rates are compared for fTAAD and sTAAD in the Table. Both sTAAD and fTAAD may manifest at young ages, however diagnosis is commonly delayed until middle life, when severe aortic dilatation is already present. Both sTAAD and fTAAD exhibit significant male predominance. Both sTAAD and fTAAD are associated with a high rate of aortic dissection, although fatal dissection is more frequently observed in fTAAD. In conclusion, fTAAD is more common than previously recognized and is associated with high rates of dissection. Clinicians should have a high degree of suspicion for presence of fTAAD in young and middle-aged patients presenting with thoracic aortic disease, and screening of at risk relatives is warranted.
Two cycles of MOPP and radiotherapy: Effective treatment for stage IIIA and IIIB Hodgkin's disease
Authors: F B Hagemeister, L M Fuller, W S Velasquez, P McLaughlin, J R Redman, F Swan, M A Rodriguez, L North, D Dixon, K Silvermintz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1991)

Two cycles of MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine (Oncovin), procarbazine, prednisone) and radiotherapy were used to treat 197 patients with stage III Hodgkin's disease. Prior to 1980, radiotherapy was delivered to the mantle, abdomen and pelvis; thereafter, pelvic irradiation was deleted for patients with stage III1 disease. Complete remission rates for IIIA and IIIB presentations were 91% and 89%. The 10-year freedom from tumor mortality (FTM) rate for all patients was 81%; for IIIA, it was 87% and for IIIB, it was 72%. Results were not significantly affected by gender, age, pathology, or deletion of pelvic radiotherapy. However, a subgroup of 28 patients with a tumor burden that included pelvic disease who also had B symptoms was identified as having a poor prognosis. Their FTM was 43%, compared with 87% for all other patients combined (P = 0.002). Based on this analysis, we conclude that limited chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy can yield results similar to programs that use more chemotherapy for all patients with IIIA disease and for most patients with stage IIIB. However, patients with tumor burdens which include pelvic disease and B symptoms require a different approach.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide-dependent calcium influx in renal epithelial cells by cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Authors: K Kitamura, K Tomita, R T Miller
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Cell injury frequently occurs in the setting of tissue destruction and inflammation and is associated with a rise in intracellular calcium (Cai) and increased NO production. The mechanisms that trigger rises in Cai and NO during cell injury are not fully defined, but they may involve activation of G protein-coupled receptors for substances such as bradykinin, Ang II, thromboxane, and thrombin. These receptors act through G proteins from different families that have distinct functions. Receptors for bradykinin and Ang II act through members of the G alpha i and G alpha q families, whereas receptors for thrombin and thromboxane act through members of the G alpha i, G alpha q, and G alpha 12/13 families. These G proteins cooperate to regulate Cai and NO in epithelial cells through distinct mechanisms. In a number of experimental settings, activators of the adenylyl cyclase system reduce the severity of cell injury. To understand the mechanisms by which G protein-dependent signaling systems may contribute to cell injury and to define the role of adenylyl cyclase in ameliorating cell injury, the effects of adenylyl cyclase on bradykinin-stimulated Ca influx and NO in cultured renal epithelial cells that stably overexpress G alpha q and G alpha 13 were studied. This system allowed for the separation of different components of the signals initiated by receptors for thromboxane and thrombin. G alpha 13 increased bradykinin-stimulated Ca influx by a mechanism that depends on NO and cGMP. The increased Ca influx was blocked by inhibitors of NO synthase and guanylyl cyclase and by activation of adenylyl cyclase. NO production was inhibited by activators of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which indicated that cAMP blocks Ca influx by inhibiting NO production. Expression of G alpha q, the G protein that regulates phospholipase C, also increased bradykinin-stimulated Ca influx, but by an NO, cGMP-independent mechanism that was insensitive to inhibition by adenylyl cyclase. The authors conclude that Ca influx is modulated by NO-dependent and independent mechanisms, and that to the extent that increased NO production contributes to increased Ca influx and cell injury, cell injury may be reduced by agents that activate adenylyl cyclase.
Skin expression of mammalian target of rapamycin and forkhead box transcription factor O1, and serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in patients with acne vulgaris and their relationship with diet
Authors: N.F. Agamia, D.M. Abdallah, O. Sorour, B. Mourad, D.N. Younan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disorder of the pilosebaceous units. Several studies have reported that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, forkhead box transcription factor (Fox)O1 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) interactions may be the key to understanding the links between genetic and environmental factors in acne vulgaris.To evaluate the immunohistochemical detection of mTOR and FoxO1 in the skin, and the serum level of IGF-1 in patients with acne vulgaris.This study was carried out on 60 participants, including 40 patients with acne and 20 controls. A diet questionnaire was administered to the patients and controls. Serum levels of IGF-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and skin biopsies were taken from lesions on the backs of the patients and controls. FoxO1 and mTOR expression was detected using immunohistochemistry.A significantly higher serum IGF-1 level was found in the patients with acne than in the controls. The cytoplasmic expression of FoxO1 was found to be significantly greater in the acne group, whereas in the control subjects this expression was likely to be nuclear. Both the cytoplasmic expression and the nuclear expression of mTOR were significantly more intense in the patients with acne than in the controls. Excess consumption of a high-glycaemic-load diet was significantly associated with higher serum levels of IGF-1 and cytoplasmic expression of FoxO1 and mTOR.These results suggest that FoxO1, mTOR, serum IGF-1 and a high-glycaemic-load diet may play a role in acne pathogenesis.