tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VSTM-v1, a potential myeloid differentiation antigen that is downregulated in bone marrow cells from myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Min Xie, Ting Li, Ning Li, Jinlan Li, Qiumei Yao, Wenling Han, Guorui Ruan
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

Leukocyte differentiation antigens often represent important markers for the diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting of myeloid leukemia. Herein, we report a potential leukocyte differentiation antigen gene VSTM1 (V-set and transmembrane domain-containing 1) that was downregulated in bone marrow cells from leukemia patients and exhibited a higher degree of promoter methylation. The expression level of its predominant encoded product, VSTM1-v1, was positively correlated with myeloid cell maturation state. Restoration of VSTM1-v1 expression inhibited myeloid leukemia cells' growth. Therefore, VSTM1-v1 might represent an important myeloid leukocyte differentiation antigen and provide a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia.
Quantification of Nonenhancing Tumor Burden in Gliomas Using Effective T2 Maps Derived from Dual-Echo Turbo Spin-Echo MRI
Authors: Benjamin M. Ellingson, Albert Lai, Huytram N. Nguyen, Phioanh L. Nghiemphu, Whitney B. Pope, Timothy F. Cloughesy
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Evaluation of nonenhancing tumor (NET) burden is an important yet challenging part of brain tumor response assessment. This study focuses on using dual-echo turbo spin-echo MRI as a means of quickly estimating tissue T2, which can be used to objectively define NET burden. Experimental Design: A series of experiments were performed to establish the use of T2 maps for defining NET burden. First, variation in T2 was determined using the American College of Radiology (ACR) water phantoms in 16 scanners evaluated over 3 years. Next, the sensitivity and specificity of T2 maps for delineating NET from other tissues were examined. Then, T2-defined NET was used to predict survival in separate subsets of patients with glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy, concurrent radiation, and chemotherapy, or bevacizumab at recurrence. Results: Variability in T2 in the ACR phantom was 3% to 5%. In training data, ROC analysis suggested that 125 ms &amp;lt; T2 &amp;lt; 250 ms could delineate NET with a sensitivity of &amp;gt;90% and specificity of &amp;gt;65%. Using this criterion, NET burden after completion of radiotherapy alone, or concurrent radiotherapy, and chemotherapy was shown to be predictive of survival (Cox, P &amp;lt; 0.05), and the change in NET volume before and after bevacizumab therapy in recurrent glioblastoma was also a predictive of survival (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: T2 maps using dual-echo data are feasible, stable, and can be used to objectively define NET burden for use in brain tumor characterization, prognosis, and response assessment. The use of effective T2 maps for defining NET burden should be validated in a randomized, clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res; 21(19); 4373–83. ©2015 AACR.
New Rat Model that Phenotypically Resembles Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: JEROEN NAUTA, MIRIAM A. GOEDBLOED, HARRY VAN HERCK, DENNIS A. HESSELINK, PIM VISSER, ROB WILLEMSEN, RICHARD P. E. VAN DOKKUM, CHRISTOPHER J. WRIGHT, LISA M. GUAY-WOODFORD
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Numerous murine models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) have been described. While mouse models are particularly well suited for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of PKD, rats are well established as an experimental model of renal physiologic processes. Han:SPRD-CY: rats have been proposed as a model for human autosomal dominant PKD. A new spontaneous rat mutation, designated wpk, has now been identified. In the mutants, the renal cystic phenotype resembles human autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD). This study was designed to characterize the clinical and histopathologic features of wpk/wpk mutants and to map the wpk locus. Homozygous mutants developed nephromegaly, hypertension, proteinuria, impaired urine-concentrating capacity, and uremia, resulting in death at 4 wk of age. Early cysts were present in the nephrogenic zone at embryonic day 19. These were localized, by specific staining and electron microscopy, to differentiated proximal tubules, thick limbs, distal tubules, and collecting ducts. In later stages, the cysts were largely confined to collecting ducts. Although the renal histopathologic features are strikingly similar to those of human ARPKD, wpk/wpk mutants exhibited no evidence of biliary tract abnormalities. The wpk locus maps just proximal to the CY: locus on rat chromosome 5, and complementation studies demonstrated that these loci are not allelic. It is concluded that the clinical and renal histopathologic features of this new rat model strongly resemble those of human ARPKD. Although homology mapping indicates that rat wpk and human ARPKD involve distinct genes, this new rat mutation provides an excellent experimental model to study the molecular pathogenesis and renal pathophysiologic features of recessive PKD.
Vascular Compression of the Duodenum
Authors: R Moskovich, P Cheong-Leen
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1986)

Compression of the third or fourth part of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery or one of its branches is the anatomic basis for some cases of duodenal obstruction. Two cases of vascular obstruction of the duodenum after surgical correction of scoliosis are presented. The embryologic and pathoanatomic bases for this condition, and the rationale for treatment, are described.
Anaphylaxis to amoxycillin but good tolerance for benzyl penicillin
Authors: M. Blanca, E. Perez, J. Garcia, A. Miranda, J. Fernandez, J. M. Vega, S. Terrados, M. Avila, A. Martin, R. Suau
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Three patients are reported on who suffered anaphylactic reactions after amoxycillin (AX) treatment and challenge but tolerated benzylpenicillin (BP) parenterally and orally. Two of the three patients had positive skin tests and RAST to AX reagents but negative responses to benzyl penicilloyl (BPO) specific skin tests and RAST and the minor determinant mixture (MDM) skin test reagent. The third case was negative to all skin tests and RAST. RAST and RAST inhibition on the two positive sera suggest that the response is related to the acyl side chain of AX.
National Medical Association Surgical Section Position Paper on Violence Prevention
Authors: E E Cornwell, D Jacobs, M Walker, L Jacobs, J Porter, A Fleming
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The epidemic of intentional injury continues to be a leading cause of premature death in America. The ravages of violence are particularly devastating within the minority community. With this position paper from the Surgical Section of the National Medical Association (the country's oldest and largest organization of minority physicians), a group of trauma surgeons and surgical intensivists resolve to focus on underused violence prevention opportunities and to extend their spheres of influence beyond the walls of their institutions and emphasize violence prevention activities.
C5a Receptor Deficiency Attenuates T Cell Function and Renal Disease in MRLlpr Mice
Authors: Scott E Wenderfer, Baozhen Ke, Travis J Hollmann, Rick A Wetsel, Hui Yao Lan, Michael C Braun
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

The development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is strongly associated with complement activation and deposition. To characterize the role of C5a and its receptor (C5aR) in SLE, C5aR-deficient mice were backcrossed nine generations onto the lupus-like MRLlpr genetic background. Evidence is presented that C5aR modulates both renal injury and T cell responses in MRLlpr mouse. C5aR-deficient MRLlpr mice had prolonged viability, with a mean survival time of 33.0 wk compared with 22.6 wk in control mice. Renal injury was also attenuated in the C5aR−/−MRLlpr mice. At 20 wk of age C5aR−/−MRLlpr mice had a complete absence of glomerular crescents and marked reductions in glomerular hypercellularity. There was no difference in the degree of glomerular C3 deposition; however, IgG deposits were reduced in the C5aR−/−MRLlpr mice. The reduction in glomerular injury was also associated with a four-fold decrease in renal CD4+ T cell infiltrates. Whereas there were modest differences in total IgG anti-dsDNA antibody titers, C5aR-deficient mice had 3.5-fold higher levels of IgG1 and 15-fold lower levels of IgG2a anti-dsDNA antibody titers compared to controls. The differences in anti-dsDNA IgG subclasses were associated with reduced CD4+ Th-1 responses in the C5aR−/−MRLlpr mice, including diminished production of IL-12p70, IFN-γ, and increased expression of the Th-2 transcription factor GATA-3. These findings indicate that the C5aR plays a major role in modulating complement-dependent renal injury and T helper cell Th-1 responses in the MRLlpr mouse.
Treatment outcome of thalidomide based regimens in newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory non-transplant multiple myeloma patients: a single center experience from Thailand
Authors: Pimjai Niparuck, Ladda Sorakhunpipitkul, Vichai Atichartakarn, Suporn Chuncharunee, Artit Ungkanont, Pantep Aungchaisuksiri, Teeraya Puavilai, Saengsuree Jootar
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2010)

Thalidomide based regimen is an effective and well tolerated therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, however, there were a small number of studies written about the results of thalidomide therapy in non-transplant MM patients. We therefore conducted a retrospective study of 42 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM treated with thalidomide- based induction regimens followed by thalidomide maintenance therapy.Induction regimens with thalidomide and dexamethasone, and the oral combination of melphalan, prednisolone and thalidomide were administrated in 22 and 16 patients, respectively. The remaining 4 patients received other thalidomide- containing regimens. Twenty-nine patients received thalidomide as a salvage regimen. Twenty-three out of 26 patients achieving complete remission (CR) and very good partial remission (VGPR) received thalidomide maintenance. Of the 41 evaluable patients, median time of treatment was 21 months (3- 45 months), ORR was 92.7% with a 63.4% CR/VGPR. With a median follow up of 23 months, 3-year- PFS and 3-year-OS were 58.6 and 72.6%, respectively. Median time to progression was 42 months. While 3-year-PFS and 3-year-OS in non-transplant patients receiving thalidomide maintenance therapy were 67 and 80%, respectively.Prolonged thalidomide therapy enhanced survival rate and less frequently developed serious toxicity in non-transplant multiple myeloma patients.
The Cerebellum and the Adaptive Coordination of Movement
Authors: W T Thach, H P Goodkin, J G Keating
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1992)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Suppression of the immune response by alpha-fetoprotein on the primary and secondary antibody response.
Authors: R A Murgita, T B Tomasi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Mouse amniotic fluid was shown to contain a noncytotoxic inhibitor of primary gammaM and secondary gammaM, gammaG subclass splenic plaque forming cells in vitro to SRBC. The suppressive effect was not abolished by exhaustive dialysis or by absorption of mouse amniotic fluid (MAF) with SRBC. Polyacrylamide gel analysis showed that dialyzed MAF was composed of three major protein components, transferrin, albumin, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The selective removal of each of these patients from MAF by affinity chromatography suggested that AFP was the immunosuppressive substance in MAF. This conclusion was verified by the demonstration that pure AFP suppressed in vitro antibody synthesis in microgram quantities whereas equivalent amounts of normal mouse serum, transferrin, or albumin did not. Dose-response studies showed that the effect of AFP in the isolated form was equivalent to the suppressive effect of comparable amounts of AFP in MAF. gammaA and gammaG plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses were suppressed by a significantly lower concentration of AFP than was the gammaM PFC response. The degree of suppression watration of AFP than was the gammaM PFC response. The degree of suppression was dependent on the time at which AFP was added to the cultures; MAF added to antigen-stimulated cultures up to 24 h after initiation of cultures was immunosuppressive whereas similar additions of MAF at 48 h after initiation or later did not suppress. The duration of exposure of spleen cells to MAF in cultures without antigen necessary to achieve suppression of a subsequent primary immune response was determine-d to be approximately 8 h. The results suggest that AFP may have an immunoregulatry function. This has potentially important implications in the maternal-fetal relationship, the immune capabilities of the fetus and newborn, and in certain malignant and nonmalignant diseases in which AFP is elevated.
UNUSUAL BRAIN SYNDROME SEEN WITH DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN AND PENTOBARBITAL
Authors: P. C. S. HOAKEN, FRANCIS J. KANE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

An unusually severe acute brain syndrome secondary to diphenylhydantoin and pentobarbital is reported. Evaluation and diagnosis were delayed by the periodic quality of the disturbance seen which misled many to view it primarily as hysterical or schizophrenic in nature. The use of diphenylhydantoin in excess of 300 mg. daily seems ill advised.
Glycerol and Fatty Acids in Serum Predict the Development of Hyperglycemia and Type 2 Diabetes in Finnish Men
Authors: Yuvaraj Mahendran, Henna Cederberg, Jagadish Vangipurapu, Antti J. Kangas, Pasi Soininen, Johanna Kuusisto, Matti Uusitupa, Mika Ala-Korpela, Markku Laakso
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We investigated the association of fasting serum glycerol and fatty acids (FAs) as predictors for worsening of hyperglycemia and incident type 2 diabetes.Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the population-based METabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) Study included 9,398 Finnish men (mean age 57 ± 7 years). At baseline, levels of serum glycerol, free FAs (FFAs), and serum FA profile, relative to total FAs, were measured with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.At baseline, levels of glycerol, FFAs, monounsaturated FAs, saturated FAs, and monounsaturated n-7 and -9 FAs, relative to total FAs, were increased in categories of fasting and 2-h hyperglycemia, whereas the levels of n-3 and n-6 FAs, relative to total FAs, decreased (N = 9,398). Among 4,335 men with 4.5-year follow-up data available, 276 developed type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels of glycerol, FFAs, monounsaturated FAs, and saturated and monounsaturated n-7 and -9 FAs, relative to total FAs, predicted worsening of hyperglycemia and development of incident type 2 diabetes after adjustment for confounding factors. n-6 FAs, mainly linoleic acid (LA), relative to total FAs, were associated with reduced risk for the worsening of hyperglycemia and conversion to type 2 diabetes.Our large population-based study shows that fasting serum levels of glycerol, FFAs, monounsaturated FAs, saturated FAs, and n-7 and -9 FAs are biomarkers for an increased risk of development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes, whereas high levels of serum n-6 FAs, reflecting dietary intake of LA, were associated with reduced risk for hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes.
Gene-Expression and Immunohistochemical Study of Specific T-Cell Subsets and Accessory Cell Types in the Transformation and Prognosis of Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Annuska M. Glas, Laurent Knoops, Leonie Delahaye, Marie José Kersten, Robby E. Kibbelaar, Lodewyk A. Wessels, Ryan van Laar, J. Han J.M. van Krieken, Joke W. Baars, John Raemaekers, Philip M. Kluin, Laura J. van ’t Veer, Daphne de Jong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Despite the generally favorable clinical course in follicular lymphoma (FL), a minority of patients have a poor prognosis-with death within 3 years of diagnosis-most often due to transformation to aggressive disease.In this study, we analyzed the potential of predicting early transformation on the basis of gene expression and immunologic parameters in FL biopsy samples taken at diagnosis.At the gene-expression level, FL is a highly uniform disease at the time of diagnosis, precluding the detection of sufficiently validated prognostic gene-expression profiles suitable for a clinical setting. Combinations of differentially expressed genes indicate that immunologic mechanisms play a differential role in the risk of early transformation. Using immunohistochemistry for specific cell populations, the spatial distribution to neoplastic follicles and the activation of CD4-positive T-helper cells (P = .002) and specifically T-helper 1 (P = .004) were shown to be highly discriminatory to predict early transformation. A role for functional modulation of follicular dendritic cells could also be supported (P = .04). Other cell populations, including CD68-positive macrophages and regulatory T cells, were not differentially present.These results support the identification of FL as an immunologically functional disease in which an interaction of the tumor cells and the functional composition of the microenvironment determines the clinical behavior.
Evidence-informed frameworks for cost-effective cancer care and prevention in low, middle, and high-income countries
Authors: Kalipso Chalkidou, Patricio Marquez, Preet K Dhillon, Yot Teerawattananon, Thunyarat Anothaisintawee, Carlos Augusto Grabois Gadelha, Richard Sullivan
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
PAX2 Gene Mutation in a Family with Isolated Renal Hypoplasia
Authors: KAORI NISHIMOTO, KAZUMOTO IIJIMA, TAKU SHIRAKAWA, KOUSAKU KITAGAWA, KENICHI SATOMURA, HAJIME NAKAMURA, NORISHIGE YOSHIKAWA
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. The PAX2 gene encodes a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the development of the urogenital tract, eyes, ears, and central nervous system. Recently, renal hypoplasia was observed to be part of the renal-coloboma syndrome, which is caused by heterozygous mutations of the PAX2 gene. The renal-coloboma syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome that involves optic nerve colobomas and renal anomalies. For investigation of whether PAX2 mutations occur in patients with isolated renal hypoplasia, patient DNA was analyzed for PAX2 mutations, by using PCR and direct sequencing. The study involved 20 patients with bilateral renal hypoplasia associated with decreased renal function. Heterozygous PAX2 mutations were detected in two patients, i.e. , a novel nonsense mutation (C to A transversion at position 1566 in exon 9) in patient 1 and another novel nonsense mutation (C to T transversion at position 1318 in exon 7) in patient 2. The nucleotide changes for patients 1 and 2 directly introduced stop codons, presumably resulting in a message for a truncated PAX2 protein that lacked a partial transactivation domain. An ophthalmologic examination revealed a very mild, asymptomatic coloboma in patient 2, whereas the fundus was normal for patient 1. The mutation cosegregated with the presence of renal hypoplasia in the family of patient 1, appearing de novo in the mother of the patient, which strongly suggests that this mutation was the cause of renal hypoplasia in this family. This study demonstrates for the first time that PAX2 mutations can be responsible for isolated renal hypoplasia.
EVALUATION OF SCAFFOLDS IN VITRO FOR USE IN TENDON REGENERATION
Authors: J Cornish, D S Musson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction Injuries to tendons can cause major morbidity in healthy, young active people as well as in the increasing aged population. Providing a scaffold that encourages appropriate cell attachment, growth, and ultimately tissue regeneration, could improve the clinical outcomes from injuries such as rotator cuff tears. Millions of dollars are spent annually on the development of biomaterial scaffolds and many are put into clinical use without proper cell compatibility and immunogenicity evaluation leading to many instances of unfavourable results with associate patient morbidity. The purpose of this study was to set-up an evaluation package to assess scaffold materials of both natural and synthetic origin for their potential utility in tendon regenerative medicine. Methods Two novel scaffolds were evaluated as biomaterials: Spidrex 543 (Oxford Biomaterials Ltd, UK), a spider-like silk fabric; and Endoform (Mesynthes, New Zealand), a decellularised ovine forestomach matrix then compared to three-dimensional (3D) collagen gels as a control and FiberWire (Athrex. Inc, USA), a polyethylene and polyester composite suture, which is currently utilised in orthopaedic surgery. Primary human dendrocytic cells were exposed to scaffolds, with cell-surface activation markers analysed using FACS to determine scaffold immunogenicity. Attachment and growth of primary tenocytes were analysed using live-dead staining and alamar Blue fluorescence. Phenotypic retention was assessed through morphological studies, while real-time PCR was employed to evaluate cell differentiation. Results FACS analysis determined that Spidrex 543, invoked a high immune response in the primary human dendrocytes, while Endoform and the 3D collagen gels provided relatively low immunogenicity. FiberWire, the synthetic suture material currently used in orthopaedic surgery produced relatively high immune activation within these cells. Tenocytes successfully adhered to and grew on the Endoform, Spidrex 543 and within the 3D collagen gels, whereas the orthopaedic suture material proved unsuitable for cell attachment/growth. Gene analysis and morphology in the three permissible scaffolds suggest cells retain their phenotype when cultured in them. Discussion 3D culture systems support and amplify tenocyte proliferation and differentiation whilst gene expression data indicated increases of tenocyte-like markers, such as tenomodulin, scleraxis and collagen IA1 We have developed an in vitro evaluation package to identify the biocompatibility of biomaterial scaffolds- whether the materials support and promote target cell growth and have potential for use in tendon regeneration. Much time and expense can be saved by such in vitro evaluation of biomaterials prior to embarking on in vivo studies.