tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What else should a neurobiological theory of language account for?
Authors: Vitor Geraldi Haase, Rui Rothe-Neves
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

We critique five points that impede the target article's far-reaching efforts toward formulating a neurobiological theory of language. Neurolinguistics amounts to no more than neurology in linguistics in this account, because it assumes “perceptual representational isomorphism,” processing autonomy and “meaning,” thereby aiming primarily at justifying modular concepts in terms of associative principles.
HGF and c-Met Participate in Paracrine Tumorigenic Pathways in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Lynn M. Knowles, Laura P. Stabile, Ann Marie Egloff, Mary E. Rothstein, Sufi M. Thomas, Christopher T. Gubish, Edwina C. Lerner, Raja R. Seethala, Shinsuke Suzuki, Kelly M. Quesnelle, Sarah Morgan, Robert L. Ferris, Jennifer R. Grandis, Jill M. Siegfried
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

We determined hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and c-Met expression and signaling in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells and primary tissues and tested the ability of c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to block HGF-induced biological signaling.Expression and signaling were determined using immunoblotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Biological end points included wound healing, cell proliferation, and invasion. c-Met TKIs were tested for their ability to block HGF-induced signaling and biological effects in vitro and in xenografts established in nude mice.c-Met was expressed and functional in HNSCC cells. HGF was secreted by HNSCC tumor-derived fibroblasts, but not by HNSCC cells. Activation of c-Met promoted phosphorylation of AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase as well as release of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8. Cell growth and wound healing were also stimulated by HGF. c-Met TKIs blocked HGF-induced signaling, interleukin-8 release, and wound healing. Enhanced invasion of HNSCC cells induced by the presence of tumor-derived fibroblasts was completely blocked with a HGF-neutralizing antibody. PF-2341066, a c-Met TKI, caused a 50% inhibition of HNSCC tumor growth in vivo with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis within the tumors. In HNSCC tumor tissues, both HGF and c-Met protein were increased compared with expression in normal mucosa.These results show that HGF acts mainly as a paracrine factor in HNSCC cells, the HGF/c-Met pathway is frequently up-regulated and functional in HNSCC, and a clinically relevant c-Met TKI shows antitumor activity in vivo. Blocking the HGF/c-Met pathway may be clinically useful for the treatment of HNSCC.
A novel immunodeficiency associated with hypomorphic RAG1 mutations and CMV infection
Authors: Jean-Pierre de Villartay, Annick Lim, Hamoud Al-Mousa, Sophie Dupont, Julie Déchanet-Merville, Edith Coumau-Gatbois, Marie-Lise Gougeon, Arnaud Lemainque, Céline Eidenschenk, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Laurent Abel, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Alain Fischer, Françoise Le Deist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Amorphic mutations in the recombination activating genes RAG1 and RAG2 have been reported to cause T–B– SCID, whereas hypomorphic mutations led to the expansion of a few autoimmune T cell clones responsible for the Omenn syndrome phenotype. We report here a novel clinical and immunological phenotype associated with recessive RAG1 hypomorphic mutations in 4 patients from 4 different families. The immunological phenotype consists of the oligoclonal expansion of TCRγδ T cells combined with TCRαβ T cell lymphopenia. The clinical phenotype consists of severe, disseminated CMV infection and autoimmune blood cell manifestations. Repertoire studies suggest that CMV infection, in the setting of this particular T cell immunodeficiency, may have driven the TCRγδ T cell clonal expansion. This observation extends the range of clinical and immunological phenotypes associated with RAG mutations, emphasizing the role of the genetic background and microbial environment in determining disease phenotype.
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Glomerular TGF-β Signaling via SMOC-1
Authors: Ellen Dreieicher, Karl-Friedrich Beck, Sandra Lazaroski, Meike Boosen, Wasiliki Tsalastra-Greul, Martina Beck, Ingrid Fleming, Liliana Schaefer, Josef Pfeilschifter
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) stimulate rat mesangial cells to synthesize and secrete inflammatory mediators. To understand better the signaling pathways that contribute to this response, we exposed rat mesangial cells to the prototypic inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and analyzed the changes in the pattern of gene expression. IL-1β downregulated the gene encoding the matricellular glycoprotein secreted modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC-1) in mesangial cells. Inflammatory cytokines attenuated SMOC-1 mRNA and protein expression through endogenous production of NO, which activated the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Silencing SMOC-1 expression with small interfering RNA decreased the formation of TGF-β, reduced SMAD binding to DNA, and decreased mRNA expression of genes regulated by TGF-β. In a rat model of anti–Thy-1 glomerulonephritis, glomerular SMOC-1 mRNA and protein decreased and inducible NO synthase expression increased simultaneously. Treatment of nephritic rats with the inducible NO synthase–specific inhibitor l-N<sup>6</sup>-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine prevented SMOC-1 downregulation. In summary, these data suggest that NO attenuates SMOC-1 expression in acute glomerular inflammation, thereby limiting TGF-β–mediated profibrotic signaling.
Effect of community-based behaviour change management on neonatal mortality in Shivgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vishwajeet Kumar, Saroj Mohanty, Aarti Kumar, Rajendra P Misra, Mathuram Santosham, Shally Awasthi, Abdullah H Baqui, Pramod Singh, Vivek Singh, Ramesh C Ahuja, Jai Vir Singh, Gyanendra Kumar Malik, Saifuddin Ahmed, Robert E Black, Mahendra Bhandari, Gary L Darmstadt
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Synaptic Proteins in the Hippocampus Indicative of Increased Neuronal Activity in CA3 in Schizophrenia
Authors: Wei Li, Subroto Ghose, Kelly Gleason, Anita Begovic, Jessica Perez, John Bartko, Scott Russo, Anthony D. Wagner, Lynn Selemon, Carol A. Tamminga
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

In schizophrenia, hippocampal perfusion is increased and declarative memory function is degraded. Based on an a priori model of hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenic psychosis, the authors postulated molecular and cellular changes in CA3 consistent with increased NMDA receptor signaling.Postmortem hippocampal subfield tissue (CA3, CA1) from subjects with schizophrenia and nonpsychiatric comparison subjects was analyzed using Western blotting and Golgi histochemistry to examine the hypothesized outcomes.The GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (GluN2B/GluN1) and their associated postsynaptic membrane protein PSD95 were both increased in schizophrenia in CA3 tissue, but not in CA1 tissue. Quantitative analyses of Golgi-stained hippocampal neurons showed an increase in spine density on CA3 pyramidal cell apical dendrites (stratum radiatum) and an increase in the number of thorny excrescences.The hippocampal data are consistent with increased excitatory signaling in CA3 and/or with an elevation in silent synapses in CA3, a state that may contribute to an increase in long-term potentiation in CA3 with subsequent stimulation and "unsilencing." These changes are plausibly associated with increased associational activity in CA3, with degraded declarative memory function, and with formation of false memories with psychotic content. The influence of these hyperactive hippocampal projections on targets in the limbic neocortex could contribute to components of schizophrenia manifestations in other cerebral regions.
When patients with rheumatoid arthritis fail tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: what is the next step?
Authors: Josef S Smolen, Michael E Weinblatt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

The advent of biological agents in general and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in particular has dramatically changed the outcomes and outlooks for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).1 Not only have they expanded the treatment options in quantitative terms, but their combination with methotrexate (MTX) or other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has also led to a quantitative revolution in the therapeutic response of patients with RA: never before have we experienced so profound effects with American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 50% improvement responses being achieved by 40–60% of the patients, ACR70 responses by 20–40%, and remission having become an achievable goal.2 The efficacy of these therapies relates to all characteristics of RA: disease activity, joint damage and physical function. Alas, these results also reveal that up to 60% of patients with RA do not reach a degree of 50% improvement and, while most patients treated in clinical care who fail these therapies are primary non-responders, some experience reactivation of their disease after an initial major improvement.3

In general, TNF inhibitors are used in patients with RA in whom at least one DMARD, usually MTX, has shown insufficient efficacy.4 …
Characterization of familial Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: S.P. Treon, Z.R. Hunter, A. Aggarwal, E.P. Ewen, S. Masota, C. Lee, D. Ditzel Santos, E. Hatjiharissi, L. Xu, X. Leleu, O. Tournilhac, C.J. Patterson, R. Manning, A.R. Branagan, C.C. Morton
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Mainuddin Ahmed Archibald Cabbourn ("Bill") Boyle Alexander McCorkindale Campbell Peter Seymour Virgil Cox James Gray Denholm Eric Charles ("Buster") Glover Robert Emil Albert Saabye Hansen Jonathan ("John") James Mercer Kew Samuel Reid Campbell Ritchie William Michael Brian Strangeways Alistair James Thomson Thomas James ("Johnny") Walker
Authors: M Shahidullah, D. L Woolf, A G M Campbell, S. Cox, J. Hockings and Neil Hockings, J. Lister, R. Packard, J. Kanski, A. Withnell, H. Jenkins, D. Playford, A. Kennedy, N D Wright, P. Strangeways, A. Gwynne, P G Kernohan
Journal: BMJ (1998)

General practitioner Lincoln 1981Lincoln -95 (b 1931;; q Dhaka 1962), died of cardiac arrest after a myocardial infarction on 16 May 1997.He came to Britain in 1964 after a short period in the United States and worked in various hospitals and general practices before settling in Lincoln.He was well read and highly disciplined, with many outside interests, including gardening, current affairs, and reading.He leaves a wife, Jahanara (a partner in the practice), and two daughters.[M Shahidullah] Archibald Cabbourn ("Bill") Boyle Director department of rheumatology Middlesex Hospital 1954-83 (b 1918; q St Bartholomew's 1941; MD, FRCP), died of carcinoma of the prostate on 17 June 1998.After house jobs he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps, serving in the Middle East and then as a command specialist in physical medicine.He was consultant to the Bromley group of hospitals in 1950-4, and then played an important part in developing rheumatology at the Middlesex, being responsible for the development of Arthur Stanley House to house the departments of rheumatology, immunology, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy.He contributed much to training junior staff, emphasising clinical skills and the importance of devoting sufficient time to listening to patients' problems.Bill was president of the section of physical medicine at the Royal Society of Medicine in 1956, and before his presidency of the British Association for Physical Medicine and Rheumatology in 1973-4 had held every honorary post in the association.Outside medicine, his main interest was his garden, where weeds and unshapely stones were not tolerated.There was a daughter of his first marriage to Patricia, who was killed by a flying bomb in 1944; his marriage to Evelyn, by whom he had a son, was
Cigarette tar yield and risk of upper digestive tract cancers:case–control studies from Italy and Switzerland
Authors: S. Gallus, A. Altieri, C. Bosetti, S. Franceschi, F. Levi, E. Negri, L. Dal Maso, E. Conti, P. Zambon, C. La Vecchia
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
The term “asthma” should be avoided in describing the chronic pulmonary disease of prematurity
Authors: Marco Filippone, Silvia Carraro, Eugenio Baraldi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The term ''asthma'' should be avoided in describing the chronic pulmonary disease of prematurityTo the Editor:We read with interest the report from KA ¨LLE ´N et al. [1] that preterm birth and (to a lesser extent) restricted intrauterine growth both substantially increase the risk of developing ''childhood asthma''.Their data are interesting, and several plausible hypotheses are advanced to explain the correlation between prematurity (and intrauterine growth restriction) and the development of asthma later on.The term ''asthma'' should be avoided when dealing with ex-preterm and bronchopulmonary dysplasia subjects http://ow.
Paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) plus carboplatin (6 AUC) versus paclitaxel (225 mg/m2) plus carboplatin (6 AUC) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: P. Kosmidis, N. Mylonakis, D. Skarlos, E. Samantas, M. Dimopoulos, C. Papadimitriou, C. Kalophonos, N. Pavlidis, C. Nikolaidis, C. Papaconstantinou, G. Fountzilas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Endogenous retrovirus expression in stimulated murine lymphocytes. Identification of a new locus controlling mitogen induction of a defective virus.
Authors: J P Stoye, C Moroni
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Germ line DNA from all strains of mice contains numerous endogenous retroviruses. One of these viruses, a virus with xenotropic host range is induced from lymphocytes of most strains by treatment with B cell mitogens. Virus induction is amplified by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment. We report here studies of the genetic control of retrovirus induction from lymphocytes in crosses between BALB/cTif mice and noninducible 129/Rrj mice. We identify a novel locus, Bdv-1, which controls the expression of a reverse transcriptase-positive, defective retrovirus in BALB/cTif lymphocytes. In addition, we confirm previous reports that xenotropic virus is controlled by a locus, Bxv-1, mapping to chromosome 1. The two loci are nonlinked and respond differently to inducing stimuli. Bxv-1 is induced mainly by BrdU and only marginally by mitogen; in contrast, Bdv-1 is induced by mitogen and BrdU has little effect. The induction of these two loci is discussed with respect to B cell differentiation.
Expansion of Highly Cytotoxic Human Natural Killer Cells for Cancer Cell Therapy
Authors: Hiroyuki Fujisaki, Harumi Kakuda, Noriko Shimasaki, Chihaya Imai, Jing Ma, Timothy Lockey, Paul Eldridge, Wing H. Leung, Dario Campana
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Infusions of natural killer (NK) cells are an emerging tool for cancer immunotherapy. The development of clinically applicable methods to produce large numbers of fully functional NK cells is a critical step to maximize the potential of this approach. We determined the capacity of the leukemia cell line K562 modified to express a membrane-bound form of interleukin (IL)-15 and 41BB ligand (K562-mb15-41BBL) to generate human NK cells with enhanced cytotoxicity. Seven-day coculture with irradiated K562-mb15-41BBL induced a median 21.6-fold expansion of CD56(+)CD3(-) NK cells from peripheral blood (range, 5.1- to 86.6-fold; n = 50), which was considerably superior to that produced by stimulation with IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and/or IL-21 and caused no proliferation of CD3(+) lymphocytes. Similar expansions could also be obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with acute leukemia undergoing therapy (n = 11). Comparisons of the gene expression profiles of the expanded NK cells and their unstimulated or IL-2-stimulated counterparts showed marked differences. The expanded NK cells were significantly more potent than unstimulated or IL-2-stimulated NK cells against acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. They could be detected for >1 month when injected into immunodeficient mice and could eradicate leukemia in murine models of acute myeloid leukemia. We therefore adapted the K562-mb15-41BBL stimulation method to large-scale clinical-grade conditions, generating large numbers of highly cytotoxic NK cells. The results that we report here provide rationale and practical platform for clinical testing of expanded and activated NK cells for cell therapy of cancer.
Listeria monocytogenes septic arthritis following intra-articular yttrium-90 therapy.
Authors: A P Wilson, P J Prouse, J M Gumpel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of septic arthritis, which usually occurs in a host compromised by systemic illness. Intra-articular irradiation with yttrium-90 is generally free of complication. We report a case of intra-articular sepsis of the knee joint by Listeria monocytogenes acquired under unusual circumstances.
Narrative Review: Antiretroviral Therapy to Prevent the Sexual Transmission of HIV-1
Authors: Myron S. Cohen, Cynthia Gay, Angela D.M. Kashuba, Sally Blower, Lynn Paxton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has prolonged and improved the lives of persons infected with HIV. Theoretically, it can also be used to prevent the transmission of HIV. The pharmacology of ART in the male and female genital tract can be expected to affect the success of the intervention, and ART agents differ considerably in their ability to concentrate in genital tract secretions. Emergency ART is considered to be the standard of care after occupational exposures to fluids or tissues infected with HIV. More recently, ART for prophylaxis after nonoccupational HIV exposures has been widely used and most countries have developed specific guidelines for its implementation. However, developing clinical trials to prove the efficacy of ART postexposure prophylaxis has not been possible. Experiments with rhesus macaques suggest that therapy must be offered as soon as possible after exposure (within 72 hours) and must be continued for 28 days. Additional nonhuman primate experiments have demonstrated protection from HIV infection with ART preexposure prophylaxis, and several clinical trials are under way to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach. The degree to which ART offered to infected persons reduces infectiousness is of considerable public health importance, but the question has not been sufficiently answered. This article provides a review of the data on the use of ART to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV and identify challenges to improving and clarifying this approach.
Effective Cancer Vaccine Platform Based on Attenuated<i>Salmonella</i>and a Type III Secretion System
Authors: Xin Xu, Wael A.H. Hegazy, Linjie Guo, Xiuhua Gao, Amy N. Courtney, Suhrab Kurbanov, Daofeng Liu, Gengwen Tian, Edwin R. Manuel, Don J. Diamond, Michael Hensel, Leonid S. Metelitsa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Vaccines explored for cancer therapy have been based generally on injectable vector systems used to control foreign infectious pathogens, to which the immune system evolved to respond naturally. However, these vectors may not be effective at presenting tumor-associated antigens (TAA) to the immune system in a manner that is sufficient to engender antitumor responses. We addressed this issue with a novel orally administered Salmonella-based vector that exploits a type III secretion system to deliver selected TAA in the cytosol of professional antigen-presenting cells in situ. A systematic comparison of candidate genes from the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI2) locus was conducted in the vaccine design, using model antigens and a codon-optimized form of the human TAA survivin (coSVN), an oncoprotein that is overexpressed in most human cancers. In a screen of 20 SPI2 promoter:effector combinations, a PsifB::sseJ combination exhibited maximal potency for antigen translocation into the APC cytosol, presentation to CD8 T cells, and murine immunogenicity. In the CT26 mouse model of colon carcinoma, therapeutic vaccination with a lead PsifB::sseJ-coSVN construct (p8032) produced CXCR3-dependent infiltration of tumors by CD8 T cells, reversed the CD8:Treg ratio at the tumor site, and triggered potent antitumor activity. Vaccine immunogenicity and antitumor potency were enhanced by coadministration of the natural killer T-cell ligand 7DW8-5, which heightened the production of IL12 and IFNγ. Furthermore, combined treatment with p8032 and 7DW8-5 resulted in complete tumor regression in A20 lymphoma-bearing mice, where protective memory was demonstrated. Taken together, our results demonstrate how antigen delivery using an oral Salmonella vector can provide an effective platform for the development of cancer vaccines. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6260–70. ©2014 AACR.
Treatment of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Two-Drug Combinations
Authors: Paul A. Bunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.17.3565 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12202651 Treatment of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Two-Drug Combinations Paul A. Bunn JrxPaul A. Bunn JrSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Colorado Cancer Center, Denver, CO https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.17.3565 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
THE MOTOR SHOW: FROM THE MEDICAL MAN'S POINT OF VIEW
Authors: H. M. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1912)

On tlle matter of the use of the medical assessor, the author is a strong advocate of freer facilities being given to eitlher party to a suit to have a medical assessor sitting with the judge.The book will no doubt be serviceable as an elementary treatise on the subject with which it deals.
Patients Admitted to Emergency Services for Drunkenness: Moderate Alcohol Users or Harmful Drinkers?
Authors: M Reynaud, R Schwan, M N Loiseaux-Meunier, E Albuisson, P Deteix
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

Most of the patients admitted to hospital emergency services are drunk. Some of them may need specific treatment after acute intoxication remits. At present, treatment for alcoholism is offered to less than 5% of these patients. The authors evaluated the biological markers carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in patients admitted for acute alcohol intoxication (per DSM-IV criteria) supported by blood alcohol assay. These tests distinguished between otherwise moderate alcohol users who were acutely intoxicated and harmful drinkers or alcohol-dependent patients.The authors conducted an exhaustive survey 24 hours a day during 2 nonconsecutive months. The study involved 166 patients (124 men and 42 women) who were admitted for acute alcohol intoxication as a principal or additional diagnosis. Their blood was analyzed for alcohol, GGT, and CDT levels. The CAGE questionnaire was administered, and social and demographic data were collected.About 80% of the population studied displayed elevated GGT or CDT levels (65.7% had CDT levels >60 mg/liter; 41.6% had GGT levels >65 IU/liter). Less than 10% of the patients with acute alcohol intoxication revealed results in the normal range for both markers and a negative finding on the CAGE questionnaire.Patients admitted to emergency services with high blood alcohol levels should not be assumed to be moderate drinkers. Any drunkenness should be interpreted as a sign of likely harmful alcohol consumption or alcohol dependency requiring clinical and biological tests, including GGT and CDT assays. Specific treatment for alcoholism should be systematically offered to these patients.