tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide for the management of asthma in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Munira Essat, Sue Harnan, Tim Gomersall, Paul Tappenden, Ruth Wong, Ian Pavord, Rod Lawson, Mark L. Everard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

The aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of fractional exhaled nitric oxide ( F eNO ) measured in a clinical setting for the management of asthma in adults. 13 electronic databases were searched and studies were selected against predefined inclusion criteria. Quality assessment was conducted using QUADAS-2. Class effect meta-analyses were performed. Six studies were included. Despite high levels of heterogeneity in multiple study characteristics, exploratory class effect meta-analyses were conducted. Four studies reported a wider definition of exacerbation rates (major or severe exacerbation) with a pooled rate ratio of 0.80 (95% CI 0.63–1.02). Two studies reported rates of severe exacerbations (requiring oral corticosteroid use) with a pooled rate ratio of 0.89 (95% CI 0.43–1.72). Inhaled corticosteroid use was reported by four studies, with a pooled standardised mean difference of −0.24 (95% CI −0.56–0.07). No statistically significant differences for health-related quality of life or asthma control were found. F eNO guided management showed no statistically significant benefit in terms of severe exacerbations or inhaled corticosteroid use, but showed a statistically significant reduction in exacerbations of any severity. However, further research is warranted to clearly define which management protocols (including cut-off points) offer best efficacy and which patient groups would benefit the most.
The process of malignant progression in human breast cancer
Authors: R. Clarke, R.B. Dickson, N. Brünner
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1990)

Malignant progression in breast cancer represents the processes through which localized, hormone-dependent tumor cells become resistant to endocrine manipulations and metastasize to sites distant from the primary tumor. By selection in ovariectomized athymic nude mice, we have isolated a variant (MIII) of the hormone-dependent, poorly invasive, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. MIII cells have lost their absolute requirement for estrogen to form proliferating tumors in nude mice. Furthermore, these tumors are significantly more invasive than the parental MCF-7 cell line. MIII cells retain some responsivity to estrogens and antiestrogens, indicating that they have progressed to a hormone-independent but hormone-esponsive phenotype. In an attempt to determine the nature of this process, we have compared the phenotype of MIII cells with that of other MCF-7 variants. These comparisons strongly suggest that the factors contributing to perturbations in antiestrogen sensitivity, hormone-dependent growth, metastatic potential and tumorigenicity are essentially independent of each other and acquired in a random manner. Loss of estrogen receptor expression and overexpression of EGF receptors tend to occur later in the process of malignant progression.
Intestinal and Hepatocellular Transporters: Therapeutic Effects and Drug Interactions of Herbal Supplements
Authors: Bruno Stieger, Zainab M. Mahdi, Walter Jäger
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2016)

Herbal supplements are generally considered safe; however, drug disposition is influenced by the interactions of herbal supplements and food constituents with transport and metabolic processes. Although the interference of herbal supplements with drug metabolism has been studied extensively, knowledge of how they interact with the drug transport processes is less advanced. Therefore, we describe here specific examples of experimental and human interaction studies of herbal supplement components with drug transporters addressing, for example, organic anion transporting polypeptides or P-glycoprotein, as such interactions may lead to severe side effects and altered drug efficacy. Hence, it is clearly necessary to increase the awareness of the clinical relevance of the interference of herbal supplements with the drug transport processes.
Back pain after trauma
Authors: Layla A Nasr, Ali A Haydar
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A 22 year old man presented because of back pain after a car crash. Physical examination identified tenderness over the mid aspect of the back. Non-contrast computed tomography of the dorsal spine was performed (fig 1). What does the scan show and what is the diagnosis?



The sagittal computed tomogram on bone window shows a wedge shaped fracture of the anterior aspect of the T8 vertebral body (arrows) with the fracture line …
Adolescent pregnancy [letter]
Authors: Cheng L, Cheng Pt
Journal: JAMA (1996)

According to a study by Spitz and colleagues  of adolescent pregnancies are unintended.  This figure is questionable; whatever the surveyed adolescent girl thought prior to conceiving the reality of child rearing would lead her to believe that she had never intended to get pregnant.  Adolescent sex has less to do with sex and contraception and more to do with the physical and emotional world of American teenagers.  Although the study by Spitz implies that adolescent pregnancy can lead to reduced income and educational opportunities other studies imply that reduced opportunities can lead to adolescent pregnancy.  Interviews with unwed mothers in impoverished circumstances often reveal the hope that a child will bring meaning into their lives.  Questioning the 95% figure also means rethinking the sex education strategies that Spitz and colleagues suggest; evidence indicates that family planning classes do not decrease the rate of subsequent births for mothers on welfare.  To truly reduce adolescent pregnancy young men and women must be provided with a reason to make responsible childbearing decisions; teens in poverty need educational and employment opportunities emotional support role models and moral encouragement.
Abstract 18561: Late Restenosis After Treatment of Bifurcation Lesions Using the Two-stent Strategy
Authors: Seiji Habara, Kazushige Kadota, Naoki Saito, Suguru Otsuru, Daiji Hasegawa, Yoshikazu Shigemoto, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serial angiographic outcomes in patients with bifurcation lesions that were treated with two DESs. Methods: From June 2004 to December 2010, 492 consecutive bifurcation lesions were treated with two DESs. We treated 217 lesions using a sirolimus-eluting stent (SES); 58 using a zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES); 44 using a biolimus-eluting stent (BES); 40 using a everolimus-eluting stent (EES); 19 using a paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES); 66 with SES+BES; 30 with SES+PES; 7 with SES+ZES; 6 with EES+ZES. The bifurcation lesions were located in the left anterior descending coronary artery/diagonal branch (LAD/D) in 178 lesions, left main distal bifurcation (LM) in 192 lesions, left circumflex coronary artery/obtuse marginal branch (LCX/OM) in 65 lesions and right coronary artery (RCA) distal bifurcation in 57 lesions. The T-stenting technique was used to treat 251 bifurcation lesions, and the culotte stenting technique was used to treat 241 lesions. Angiographic follow-up was performed routinely 8 and 20 months after a successful procedure. Angiographic outcomes were compared between the T-stenting technique and the culotte stenting technique. Results: Of 492 lesions, 407 (83%) underwent 8-month follow-up angiography. The incidence of binary restenosis at 8-month follow-up was 22.8% (45/197) for the culotte stenting technique and 19.5% (41/210) for the T-stenting technique (p=0.5). The incidence of target lesion revascularization at 8-month follow-up was 12.2% (24/197) for the culotte stenting technique and 11.0% (23/210) for the T-stenting technique (p=0.8). Twenty-month follow-up angiography was performed in 297 lesions (78% of lesions without restenosis at 8-month follow-up angiography). Late restenosis was observed in 17 lesions (11%) with the T-stenting technique and in 5 lesions (3%) with the culotte stenting technique (p=0.014). The incidence of target lesion revascularization at 20-month follow-up was 1.4% (2/145) for the culotte stenting technique and 6.7% (10/152) for the T-stenting technique (p=0.035). Conclusions: The stenting technique affects the outcomes in patients with bifurcation lesions that are treated with two DESs.
Regression of Grafted Bone Marrow in Homologous Irradiated Mouse Chimeras
Authors: Raymond A. Popp
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Lethally irradiated (C57BL × 101)F1 mice receiving injections of C57BL bone marrow exhibited only a transitory production of graft-derived erythrocytes, the tendency for regression of the grafted marrow apparently varying with the X-ray dose and number of marrow cells infused. Judged on the basis of circulating erythrocytes, the grafted marrow persisted longer and regressions occurred later and less frequently in lethally than in midlethally irradiated recipients of 75 × 106 cells. Regression of grafted 101 marrow was not observed in lethally irradiated (C57BL × 101)F1 mice, though such marrow did regress in midlethally irradiated hybrid recipients. The delayed mortality of the irradiated recipients was not consistently correlated with persistence or regression of the grafted marrow. The regression of grafted parental marrow noted under these conditions cannot as yet be conclusively explained, but might have resulted from an immunological rejection of the grafted cells. Genetic mechanisms for such a phenomenon are discussed, along with other mechanisms that might favor the selective growth of autologous hematopoietic cells.
Margaret McCartney: Passing the patient
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Epilepsy services managed by nurses. Heart failure services run by pharmacists. General practices staffed by nurses who do almost everything, save for a GP here and there. Have expensive doctors outlived our usefulness in some (or many) quarters?

What happens to a patient who gets intermittent mild breathlessness and chest ache sometimes, but not always, on exertion? History, examination: a little bit of ankle swelling indicates several possibilities. Some basic tests, and a process of exclusion.

A chest pain clinic offers to diagnose cardiac chest pain. A low risk exercise test suggests a low probability of angina. I still don’t know why this person is breathless.

A heart failure …
Respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, dyspnea, fatigue and physical activity in patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Burcu Camcioglu, Muserrefe Nur Karadalli, Meral Bosnak Guclu, Zeynep Aribas, Gulsah Bargi, Nurdan Kokturk, Haluk Turktas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) causes muscle weakness, dyspnea and functional limitation. However, studies investigated pulmonary and extrapulmonary characteristics in patients with ILD are limited.

Aim : To compare pulmonary functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, fatigue and dyspnea in patients with ILD and healthy subjects and determine physical activity in patients with ILD.

Methods : Thirty-five patients (47.14±12.35 years) with ILD and 23 healthy subjects (47.43±7.50 years) were compared. Pulmonary functions were measured. Functional exercise capacity was evaluated using 6-minute walk test (6MWT), respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP) using a mouth pressure device, peripheral muscle strength using dynamometer, dyspnea using Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea scale, fatigue using Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). Physical activity were assessed using a multisensory armband device.

Results: Demographics, FEV1/FVC and FVC% were similar in groups (p>0.05). FEV1%, PEF% and FEF25-75%, 6MWT distance, MIP, MEP, peripheral muscle strength were significantly lower; MMRC and FIS scores higher in patients with ILD (p<0.05). All of the patients with ILD were inactive (<3.0 METs) according to daily average METs (1.44±0.29 METs) and 65.2% of the patients with ILD were walking <7.500 steps/day.

Conclusions: Patients with ILD were physically inactive and have lower muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, and higher dyspnea and fatigue. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation programs in patients with ILD.
Effect of the Synthetic Protease Inhibitor [&lt;italic&gt;N,N&lt;/italic&gt;-Dimethylcarbamoyl-methyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate on Carcinogenesis by 3-Methylcholanthrene in Mouse Skin&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M Ohkoshi, S Fujii
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The effect of the potent synthetic protease inhibitor [N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate (FOY-305) on skin carcinogenesis in ddY mice was examined over a total observation period of 105 days. Administration of 0.1% FOY-305 in the diet suppressed the incidence of carcinomas induced by repeated local application of the carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) (P less than .05) in mouse skin and delayed the time of appearance of the skin tumors (P less than .001). There was no significant difference in the number of tumors per tumor-bearing mouse and the size of the tumors between mice treated with MCA and mice treated with MCA plus FOY-305.
An open clinical trial of L-dopa and carbidopa in adults with minimal brain dysfunction
Authors: F W Reimherr, D R Wood, P H Wender
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

MBD has long been considered a childhood disorders. Recent research suggests that in some it persists into adult life and that at least one form is a consequence of reduced activity of dopaminergic systems in the brain. To test this hypothesis, three adults with "presumptive" MBD were given L-dopa plus carbidopa. Although overall this combination was less effective than stimulant medication, all the patients showed an initial response, and in one patient L-dopa seemed to potentiate the effect of methylphenidate. The authors point out that various dopamine agonists have different effects and that the possible potentiation effect is consistent with a dopaminergic hypothesis.
Suppression of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity to Radiation [UV, 280–320 nm (UVB)]-Induced Tumor Cells With Serum Factors From UVB-Irradiated Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R P Swartz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Irradiation--UV, 280-320 nm (UVB)--of the shaved dorsal skin of mice induces a systemic immunosuppression that interferes with the normal rejection of highly antigenic UVB radiation-induced skin cancers. Sera from C3H/HeNCr- female mice, exposed either to a single dose of UVB radiation (8.6 X 10(4) J/m2) or who received a 5-second thermal injury, were evaluated for ability to induce suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to a syngeneic UVB-induced fibrosarcoma cell line, UV-2240. Sera from both UVB-irradiated and thermally injured donors could suppress the DTH responses of recipients, but only sera from UVB-irradiated donors could induce suppressor spleen cells to UV-2240 in recipient mice. The molecular-weight range of the UVB-induced serum factors is between 1,000 and 10,000.
Y-Box Binding Protein-1 Activation May Modify the Responses to Endocrine and Her2-Targeted Therapeutics in Breast Cancer
Authors: Michihiko Kuwano, Tomohiro Shibata, Akihiko Kawahara, Satoshi Hattori, Ryuji Takahashi, Kosuke Watari, Yuichi Murakami, Hiroto Izumi, Masayoshi Kage, Mayumi Ono
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Variability in the Rates of Some Common Naturally Occurring Tumors in Fischer 344 Rats and (C57BL/6N × C3H/HeN)Fl (B6C3F1) Mice2, 3
Authors: Robert E. Tarone, Kenneth C. Chu, Jerrold M. Ward
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Variability in the incidence rates of some common naturally occurring tumors for 72 inbred F344 rat and 54 (C57BL/6N × C3H/HeN)F1 (B6C3F1) mouse control groups used in carcinogenesis bioassays was evaluated. Significant heterogeneity of control rates was observed in at least two of six laboratories for lymphomas-leukemias, liver tumors, and pituitary tumors in the male rat and for pituitary tumors and endometrial stromal polyps in the female rat. Significant interlaboratory heterogeneity was observed for several tumor types in the F344 rat. In contrast, control incidence rates for tumors of the lung and liver and lymphomas-leukemias in B6C3F1 mice were relatively homogeneous within four of five laboratories. Significant interlaboratory heterogeneity was observed, however, for these mouse tumors. The causes of significant heterogeneity in naturally occurring tumor incidence rates within and among laboratories are unknown. Although the most appropriate and important comparison of an experimental group is with its matched control, there may be instances in which the historical control rates provide relevant data needed to clearly interpret carcinogenesis bioassay results. With the use of data from bioassays of 4-chloro-m-phenylenediamine and nitrilotriacetic acid, two examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the historical control data.
Book: Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: the Narrative Structure of Experience
Authors: F Lortie
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Cheryl Mattingly Cambridge University Press, £14.95, pp 192 ISBN 0 521 63004 5 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> In this book anthropologist Cheryl Mattingly analyses communication by occupational therapists treating life altering illnesses such as spinal cord injuries. Her opening statement admits that the book gave her trouble as her thoughts developed over a decade. She also wondered how much of her personal opinions and feelings should be openly expressed, and her analysis ultimately reflects the interaction between patients, therapists, and observer. The book, which … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Neoplastic Response of F344 Rats and B6C3F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; Mice to the Polymer and Dyestuff Intermediates 4,4′-Methylenebis(&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;,&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-dimethyl)-benzenamine, 4,4′-Oxydianiline, and 4,4′-Methylenedianiline&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Elizabeth K. Weisburger
 4, A. S. Krishna Murthy, Herman S. Liljaand, James C. Lamb, IV
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Feeding 4,4′-methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine [CAS: 101-61-1; 4,4′methylenebis(N,N-dimethylaniline)] to inbred F344 rats increased the incidence of thyroid lesions (hyperplasia, adenomas, and carcinomas) in both sexes, especially in the female rats. 4,4′-Oxydianiline (CAS: 101-80-4) in the diet increased adenomas and carcinomas in the thyroid gland and neoplastic nodules and carcinomas in the liver of male and female F344 rats. In addition to increasing thyroid adenomas in females and hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas in male and female B6C3F1 mice, 4,4′-oxydianiline increased adenomas of the harderian gland in male and female mice. 4,4′-Methylenedianiline (CAS: 101-77-9) in the drinking water increased neoplasms of the thyroid gland and liver in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.
Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patient (Ayas) Participation As Driver of a New “Aya Proof” Cancer Care Concept
Authors: S.E.J. Kaal, E. Manten-Horst, R. Jansen, M. Witte, A. Broekhuizen Van, R. Bexkens, J. Boland, J.B. Prins, L.J.L.P.G. Engelen, P. Servaes, L. Bogemann, W.J.F.M. van der Velden, I. Hendriks, H.W.B. Schreuder, I.C.M. van der Geest, J.P.M. Sedelaar, C.C.M. Beerendonk, J.J. Bonenkamp, M. Dronkers, W.T.A. van der Graaf
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir (12 and 8 weeks) in hepatitis C virus genotype 1‐infected patients without cirrhosis: OPTIMIST‐1, a phase 3, randomized study
Authors: Paul Kwo, Norman Gitlin, Ronald Nahass, David Bernstein, Kyle Etzkorn, Sergio Rojter, Eugene Schiff, Mitchell Davis, Peter Ruane, Ziad Younes, Ronald Kalmeijer, Rekha Sinha, Monika Peeters, Oliver Lenz, Bart Fevery, Guy De La Rosa, Jane Scott, James Witek
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Effective antiviral therapy is essential for achieving sustained virological response (SVR) in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients. The phase 2 COSMOS study reported high SVR rates in treatment‐naive and prior null‐responder HCV genotype (GT) 1‐infected patients receiving simeprevir+sofosbuvir±ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks. OPTIMIST‐1 (NCT02114177) was a multicenter, randomized, open‐label study assessing the efficacy and safety of 12 and 8 weeks of simeprevir+sofosbuvir in HCV GT1‐infected treatment‐naive and treatment‐experienced patients without cirrhosis. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1; stratified by HCV GT/subtype and presence or absence of NS3 Q80K polymorphism [GT1b, GT1a with Q80K, GT1a without Q80K]), prior HCV treatment history, and IL28B GT [CC, non‐CC]) to simeprevir 150 mg once daily+sofosbuvir 400 mg once daily for 12 or 8 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR rate 12 weeks after end of treatment (SVR12). Superiority in SVR12 was assessed for simeprevir+sofosbuvir at 12 and 8 weeks versus a composite historical control SVR rate. Enrolled were 310 patients, who were randomized and received treatment (n = 155 in each arm). SVR12 with simeprevir+sofosbuvir for 12 weeks (97% [150/155; 95% confidence interval 94%‐100%]) was superior to the historical control (87%). SVR12 with simeprevir+sofosbuvir for 8 weeks (83% [128/155; 95% confidence interval 76‐89%]) was not superior to the historical control (83%). The most frequent adverse events were nausea, headache, and fatigue (12‐week arm: 15% [23/155], 14% [22/155], and 12% [19/155]; 8‐week arm: 9% [14/155], 17% [26/155], and 15% [23/155], respectively). No patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse event. One (1%, 12‐week arm) and three (2%, 8‐week arm) patients experienced a serious adverse event (all unrelated to study treatment). Conclusion : Simeprevir+sofosbuvir for 12 weeks is highly effective in the treatment of HCV GT1‐infected patients without cirrhosis, including those with Q80K. (H epatology 2016;64:370‐380)
Effect of hearing enhancement on mental status ratings in geriatric psychiatric patients
Authors: J L Kreeger, M L Raulin, J Grace, B L Priest
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

This study looked at the impact of hearing deficits on the assessment of psychopathology in geriatric psychiatric patients.Psychiatric functioning and speech discrimination were measured in 21 elderly psychiatric patients in a crossover design.Patients displayed less psychopathology when tested wearing a functioning hearing aid.Gradual hearing loss may confound the assessment of psychopathology in geriatric psychiatric patients.
Brief Communication: Concanavalin A Agglutinability of Normal Hamster Cells Grown in 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose2
Authors: Sheldon Steiner, Betty Altenburg, Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Brief Communication: Concanavalin A Agglutinability of Normal Hamster Cells Grown in 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Get access Sheldon Steiner, Sheldon Steiner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Betty Altenburg, Betty Altenburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph L. Melnick Joseph L. Melnick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 2, February 1974, Pages 617–620, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.2.617 Published: 01 February 1974 Article history Received: 24 October 1973 Accepted: 01 November 1973 Published: 01 February 1974