tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular response to treatment redefines all prognostic factors in children and adolescents with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results in 3184 patients of the AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 study
Authors: Valentino Conter, Claus R. Bartram, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, André Schrauder, Renate Panzer-Grümayer, Anja Möricke, Maurizio Aricò, Martin Zimmermann, Georg Mann, Giulio De Rossi, Martin Stanulla, Franco Locatelli, Giuseppe Basso, Felix Niggli, Elena Barisone, Günter Henze, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Oskar A. Haas, Giovanni Cazzaniga, Rolf Koehler, Daniela Silvestri, Jutta Bradtke, Rosanna Parasole, Rita Beier, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Andrea Biondi, Martin Schrappe
Journal: Blood (2010)
Morning levels of fibrinogen in children with sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: A.G. Kaditis, E.I. Alexopoulos, E. Kalampouka, E. Kostadima, N. Angelopoulos, A. Germenis, E. Zintzaras, K. Gourgoulianis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Elevated fibrinogen level is a predictor of cardiovascular disease in adults, and it is associated with sleep-disordered breathing. Levels of fibrinogen in adults are affected by other co-existing cardiovascular risk factors, which are not usually present in children. To investigate the association between fibrinogen and sleep-disordered breathing, a case-control study was carried out in children with and without habitual snoring. All snoring children underwent polysomnography. Morning fibrinogen values in 30 children with snoring and an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) > or =5 episodes x h(-1) (median (interquartile range) 318 mg x dL(-1) (290-374)) were similar to values in 61 children with snoring and an AHI <5 episodes x h(-1) (307 (269-346)). Both groups had higher fibrinogen values than those in 23 controls without snoring (271 mg x dL(-1) (244-294)). There was no correlation between fibrinogen values and AHI, respiratory movement/arousal index or haemoglobin desaturation index. In conclusion, fibrinogen values are higher in children with snoring than in controls, but there is no association between these values and polysomnography indices.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2–Mediated Tumor Suppression Is Nitric Oxide Dependent and Involves Angiostasis
Authors: Xueqiang Zhao, Mariette Mohaupt, Jing Jiang, Shubai Liu, Bing Li, Zhihai Qin
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binds to two different receptors. Although most of its functions are attributed to TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), the independent role of TNFR2 is still largely unknown. Using TNFR single or double knock-out mice, we show here that the expression of TNFR2 alone on host cells was sufficient to suppress the growth of TNF-secreting tumors in both immune competent and T/B lymphocyte–deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Histologic studies showed that TNF recruited, via TNFR2, large numbers of macrophages and efficiently inhibited angiogenesis in the tumor. In vitro, TNF activated TNFR1-deficient macrophages to produce nitric oxide (NO). Treatment of TNFR1 knock-out mice with L-NAME, a specific NO synthase inhibitor, almost completely eliminated TNF-induced angiostasis and tumor suppression. Moreover, L-NAME acted only during the first few days of tumor growth. Our results show for the first time that TNFR2 expressed on host innate immune cells is sufficient to mediate the antitumor effect of TNF, and NO is necessary for this process, possibly by inhibition of angiogenesis in the tumor. [Cancer Res 2007;67(9):4443–9]
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Human Leukocyte Interferon Therapy in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Frank Adams
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The conditions of ten patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were serially evaluated by neuropsychiatric examination to determine the nature of the fatigue-asthenia symptoms resulting from human leukocyte interferon alpha therapy. The majority of the patients had moderate to severe behavioral changes and mild to moderate cognitive, affective, and personality changes within the first week of daily intramuscular administration of 3 X 10(6) units of interferon. This descriptive clinical study suggests that the intense fatigue may be a manifestation of a complex neurotoxicity, most suggestive of frontal lobe changes, and resulting in neurasthenia syndrome with reversible impairment of some higher mental functions.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein TaqIB Variant, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels, Cardiovascular Risk, and Efficacy of Pravastatin Treatment
Authors: S.M. Boekholdt, F.M. Sacks, J.W. Jukema, J. Shepherd, D.J. Freeman, A.D. McMahon, F. Cambien, V. Nicaud, G.J. de Grooth, P.J. Talmud, S.E. Humphries, G.J. Miller, G. Eiriksdottir, V. Gudnason, H. Kauma, S. Kakko, M.J. Savolainen, M. Arca, A. Montali, S. Liu, H.J. Lanz, A.H. Zwinderman, J.A. Kuivenhoven, J.J.P. Kastelein
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Several studies have reported that the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB gene polymorphism is associated with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the results are inconsistent. In addition, an interaction has been implicated between this genetic variant and pravastatin treatment, but this has not been confirmed.A meta-analysis was performed on individual patient data from 7 large, population-based studies (each >500 individuals) and 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, pravastatin trials. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the relation between TaqIB genotype and HDL-C levels and CAD risk. After adjustment for study, age, sex, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, LDL-C, use of alcohol, and prevalence of CAD, TaqIB genotype exhibited a highly significant association with HDL-C levels, such that B2B2 individuals had 0.11 mmol/L (0.10 to 0.12, P<0.0001) higher HDL-C levels than did B1B1 individuals. Second, after adjustment for study, sex, age, smoking, BMI, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, LDL-C, and use of alcohol, TaqIB genotype was significantly associated with the risk of CAD (odds ratio=0.78 [0.66 to 0.93]) in B2B2 individuals compared with B1B1 individuals (P for linearity=0.008). Additional adjustment for HDL-C levels rendered a loss of statistical significance (P=0.4). Last, no pharmacogenetic interaction between TaqIB genotype and pravastatin treatment could be demonstrated.The CETP TaqIB variant is firmly associated with HDL-C plasma levels and as a result, with the risk of CAD. Importantly, this CETP variant does not influence the response to pravastatin therapy.
New Methodology for Estimating the Burden of Infectious Diseases in Europe
Authors: Mirjam Kretzschmar, Marie-Josée J. Mangen, Paulo Pinheiro, Beate Jahn, Eric M. Fèvre, Silvia Longhi, Taavi Lai, Arie H. Havelaar, Claudia Stein, Alessandro Cassini, Piotr Kramarz
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

The Policy Forum allows health policy makers around the world to discuss challenges
The involucrin gene of the orangutan: generation of the late region as an evolutionary trend in the hominoids.
Authors: P Djian, H Green
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1989)

In the evolutionary line leading to the higher primates, the coding region of the involucrin gene evolved a segment consisting of numerous repeats of a 10-codon sequence. Additions to this segment of repeats have been made successively, thus generating regions that can be defined as early, middle, and late. The involucrin gene of the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) possesses a segment of repeats whose early region has the same repeat structure as that in other anthropoids. The middle region is not similar in repeat structure to that of all anthropoids but is similar to that of other hominoids. The late region is unique to the species; it does not correspond at all in its repeat structure to that of the human or gorilla and is much larger. The late region of the orangutan was generated by duplications of blocks of older repeats clearly belonging to the middle region. Continued duplications extending the late region are an evolutionary trend in the hominoids. The process of addition of repeats at a particular location is a more significant aspect of the evolution of involucrin than are random nucleotide substitutions; in addition, it has proceeded more rapidly.
Negative Regulation of T Cell Proliferation and Interleukin 2 Production by the Serine Threonine Kinase Gsk-3
Authors: Toshiaki Ohteki, Michael Parsons, Arsen Zakarian, Russell G. Jones, Linh T. Nguyen, James R. Woodgett, Pamela S. Ohashi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 is a protein serine/threonine kinase that regulates differentiation and cell fate in a variety of organisms. This study examined the role of GSK-3 in antigen-specific T cell responses. Using resting T cells from P14 T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mice (specific for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and H-2Db), we demonstrated that GSK-3β was inactivated by serine phosphorylation after viral peptide–specific stimulation in vitro. To further investigate the role of GSK-3, we have generated a retroviral vector that expresses a constitutively active form of GSK-3β that has an alanine substitution at the regulatory amino acid, serine 9 (GSK-3βA9). Retroviral transduction of P14 TCR–transgenic bone marrow stem cells, followed by reconstitution, led to the expression of GSK-3βA9 in bone marrow chimeric mice. T cells from chimeric mice demonstrate a reduction in proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 production. In contrast, in vitro assays done in the presence of the GSK-3 inhibitor lithium led to dramatically prolonged T cell proliferation and increased IL-2 production. Furthermore, in the presence of lithium, we show that nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT)c remains in the nucleus after antigen-specific stimulation of T cells. Together, these data demonstrate that GSK-3 negatively regulates the duration of T cell responses.
Ejaculation Frequency and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Michael F. Leitzmann
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Sexual activity has been hypothesized to play a role in the development of prostate cancer, but epidemiological data are virtually limited to case-control studies, which may be prone to bias because recall among individuals with prostate cancer could be distorted as a consequence of prostate malignancy or ongoing therapy.To examine the association between ejaculation frequency, which includes sexual intercourse, nocturnal emission, and masturbation and risk of prostate cancer.Prospective study using follow-up data from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (February 1, 1992, through January 31, 2000) of 29 342 US men aged 46 to 81 years, who provided information on history of ejaculation frequency on a self-administered questionnaire in 1992 and responded to follow-up questionnaires every 2 years to 2000. Ejaculation frequency was assessed by asking participants to report the average number of ejaculations they had per month during the ages of 20 to 29 years, 40 to 49 years, and during the past year (1991).Incidence of total prostate cancer.During 222 426 person-years of follow-up, there were 1449 new cases of total prostate cancer, 953 organ-confined cases, and 147 advanced cases of prostate cancer. Most categories of ejaculation frequency were unrelated to risk of prostate cancer. However, high ejaculation frequency was related to decreased risk of total prostate cancer. The multivariate relative risks for men reporting 21 or more ejaculations per month compared with men reporting 4 to 7 ejaculations per month at ages 20 to 29 years were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-1.10); ages 40 to 49 years, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.53-0.86); previous year, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.27-0.88); and averaged across a lifetime, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.51-0.89). Similar associations were observed for organ-confined prostate cancer. Ejaculation frequency was not statistically significantly associated with risk of advanced prostate cancer.Our results suggest that ejaculation frequency is not related to increased risk of prostate cancer.
The Advent of Home Parenteral Nutrition Support
Authors: Maurice E. Shils
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2010)

I review here some key developments of personal and professional interest, with special reference to total parenteral nutrition (TPN), an area in which I have been involved from 1937 until recently. As a result of basic and biomedical science advances achieved in university and industrial laboratories in numerous countries, many essential nutrients were identified, synthesized, produced, and provided to patients in safe and effective forms both enterally and parenterally. This period also saw important developments in analytic instrumentation. I have had the privilege of seeing major advances in nutrition during my lifetime, and it is my belief and my hope for the future that with the advent of bowel transplants and tissue growth from cells, TPN will be a temporary measure rather than a lifetime regimen.
Sixty percent salvage rate for germ-cell tumours using sequential m-BOP, surgery and ifosfamide-based chemotherapy
Authors: J. Shamash, R.T.D. Oliver, J. Ong, M. Raja, P. Edmonds, C.J. Gallagher, M.J. Ostrowski, J. LeVay, M. Williams
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)
Effect of regular terbutaline and budesonide on bronchial reactivity to allergen challenge.
Authors: C S Wong, I Wahedna, I D Pavord, A E Tattersfield
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

There is a transient rebound increase in bronchial reactivity to histamine and methacholine following regular treatment with an inhaled beta 2-agonist. We set out to determine whether the response to allergen was increased after cessation of regular inhaled terbutaline and whether concomitant inhaled budesonide modifies this response. In a double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group design we studied 41 subjects (37 evaluable) with mild asthma who were allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, grass pollen, or cat fur. Following a 2 wk run-in period, subjects underwent a fixed three-dose allergen challenge based on their previously determined provocative concentration of allergen producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) before starting terbutaline 1,000 micrograms or placebo three times daily and budesonide 800 micrograms or placebo twice daily for a period of 2 to 4 wk (mean 18 d). The same three-dose allergen challenge was repeated 33 h after stopping treatment. During treatment evening peak flow values were highest in the terbutaline plus budesonide group. Following regular terbutaline there was no rebound increase in bronchial reactivity to allergen. Following budesonide there was a significantly smaller response to allergen and an increased FEV1 compared with the other three groups, including the budesonide plus terbutaline group. The changes in median (95% CI) allergen PC20 after budesonide, terbutaline, budesonide plus terbutaline, and placebo were 0.79 (0.3, 2.3), 0.11 (-0.4, 0.6), 0.24 (-0.4, 0.5) and -0.47 (-1.5, 0.1) doubling doses (p < 0.01). The respective changes in mean FEV1 were 0.34, -0.16, -0.01, and 0.06 L (p < 0.005). Thus bronchial reactivity to allergen was not increased after regular inhaled terbutaline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Oxidant Stress
Authors: Hua Cai, David G. Harrison
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidant stress alters many functions of the endothelium, including modulation of vasomotor tone. Inactivation of nitric oxide (NO(.)) by superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to occur in conditions such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Loss of NO(.) associated with these traditional risk factors may in part explain why they predispose to atherosclerosis. Among many enzymatic systems that are capable of producing ROS, xanthine oxidase, NADH/NADPH oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been extensively studied in vascular cells. As the role of these various enzyme sources of ROS become clear, it will perhaps be possible to use more specific therapies to prevent their production and ultimately correct endothelial dysfunction.
Prevention of falls in hospital inpatients
Authors: A Nair
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

The recommendations of Dr Vassallo and his colleagues (June 2004 JRSM1) for prevention of falls in patients with unsafe gait, by simple risk stratification and targeting, seem a notably practical option. They identify confusion and previous falls as the main predictors. It is important to highlight that most of the patients in the study were elderly (mean age 82 years).

Falls are also very troublesome in post-acute rehabilitation in younger patients. The Alderbourne Neuro-rehabilitation Unit treats a younger age group of patients with traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, strokes, and non-traumatic spinal cord injury. The average age in May 2004 was 56. We audit all the incident forms pertaining to falls on the unit and a pattern similar to that observed by Vassallo et al. is emerging.

During the eighteen months January 2003 to June 2004 there were 34 falls recorded among inpatients admitted for rehabilitation. 19 (55%) were isolated incidents but the other 15 were recurrent falls (6 patients with an average of 2.5 falls each). All of these fallers had cognitive impairment. Whilst most of these falls only resulted in minor injury, 2 resulted in trauma sufficient to affect the ability to participate in rehabilitation and increased the length of stay.

Whilst a history of previous falls is a predictor of potential risk of future falls, cognitive impairment is the other predictor that requires highlighting. Low scores on three items of the admission Functional Independence Measure (a standardized outcome measure regularly used on neurological rehabilitation units)—namely, comprehension, memory and safety awareness—coupled with a history of falls, should assist in the risk assessment process for these patients.

Having identified patients at high risk of falls the interventions to prevent further falls that have been reviewed include alert bracelets,2 attention to flooring,3 and corridor lighting, additional exercises as well as a multidisciplinary multiple intervention programme including the use of hip protectors. Vassallo et al. state that the 'arguments for a multifactorial intervention remain weak'. However in a randomized controlled trial Haines et al.4 showed a 30% reduction in falls using a targeted multiple interventions falls prevention programme. Chang et al.5 likewise concluded that such programmes are effective.
More Than Meets the Ear
Authors: Spyridon S. Marinopoulos, Megan Coylewright, Paul G. Auwaerter, John A. Flynn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 62-year-old, generally healthy man presented with a “clogged” sensation and a 6-week history of diminished hearing in his right ear. He had no tinnitus, ear pain, or dizziness.
Epidemiological Study of Anti-HPV16/18 Seropositivity and Subsequent Risk of HPV16 and -18 Infections
Authors: M. Safaeian, C. Porras, M. Schiffman, A. C. Rodriguez, S. Wacholder, P. Gonzalez, W. Quint, L.-J. van Doorn, M. E. Sherman, V. Xhenseval, R. Herrero, A. Hildesheim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 or HPV18 elicits an antibody response, but whether the elicited antibodies protect women against subsequent infection by a homologous HPV type compared with seronegative women is unknown.Study participants were women aged 18-25 years at enrollment in the control group of the ongoing National Cancer Institute-sponsored, community-based, randomized HPV16/18 Costa Rica Vaccine Trial. At enrollment, 2813 participants were negative for cervical HPV16 DNA and 2950 for HPV18 DNA. Women were interviewed regarding sociodemographic data and medical and health history. Medical and pelvic examinations were conducted for all consenting sexually experienced women. Serum samples taken at enrollment were tested for total HPV16/18 antibodies with a polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cervical specimens were tested for type-specific HPV DNA over 4 years of follow-up. Using Poisson regression, we compared rate ratios of newly detected cervical HPV16 or HPV18 infection among homologous HPV-seropositive and HPV-seronegative women, adjusting for age, education, marital status, lifetime number of sexual partners, and smoking.There were 231 newly detected HPV16 infections during 5886 person-years among HPV16-seronegative women compared with 12 newly detected HPV16 infections during 581 person-years among HPV16-seropositive women with the highest HPV16 sero-levels. There were 136 newly detected HPV18 infections during 6352 person-years among HPV18-seronegative women compared with six new infections detected during 675 person-years among HPV18 seropositives with the highest sero-levels. After controlling for risk factors associated with newly detected HPV infection, having high HPV16 antibody titer at enrollment was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent HPV16 infection (women in the highest tertile of HPV16 antibody titers, adjusted rate ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval = 0.26 to 0.86 vs HPV16-seronegative women). Similarly, having high HPV18 antibody titer at enrollment was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent HPV18 infection (women in the highest tertile of HPV18 antibody titers, adjusted rate ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.14 to 0.76 vs HPV18-seronegative women).In this study population, having high antibody levels against HPV16 and HPV18 following natural infection was associated with reduced risk of subsequent HPV16 and HPV18 infections.
Impaired flow-dependent control of vascular tone and remodeling in P2X4-deficient mice
Authors: Kimiko Yamamoto, Takaaki Sokabe, Takahiro Matsumoto, Kimihiro Yoshimura, Masahiro Shibata, Norihiko Ohura, Toru Fukuda, Takashi Sato, Keisuke Sekine, Shigeaki Kato, Masashi Isshiki, Toshiro Fujita, Mikio Kobayashi, Koichi Kawamura, Hirotake Masuda, Akira Kamiya, Joji Ando
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Suetonia Palmer, Mariacristina Vecchio, Jonathan C. Craig, Marcello Tonelli, David W. Johnson, Antonio Nicolucci, Fabio Pellegrini, Valeria Saglimbene, Giancarlo Logroscino, Steven Fishbane, Giovanni F.M. Strippoli
Journal: Kidney International (2013)