tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stroke in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Jonas Lanz, James M. Brophy, Judith Therrien, Mohammed Kaouache, Liming Guo, Ariane J. Marelli
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Stroke is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, although there is a lack of comprehensive data on its incidence, cumulative risk, and predictors in patients with adult congenital heart disease.This retrospective study of 29 638 Quebec patients with adult congenital heart disease aged 18 to 64 years between 1998 and 2010 was based on province-wide administrative data. The cumulative risk of ischemic stroke estimated up to age 64 years was 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0-7.0%) in women and 7.7% (95% CI, 6.4-8.8%) in men; the risk of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.4-1.2%) and 1.3% (95% CI, 0.8-1.8%), respectively. Compared with rates reported for the general Quebec population, age-sex standardized incidence rates of ischemic stroke were 9 to 12 times higher below age 55 years and 2 to 4 times higher in the age group 55 to 64 years; hemorrhagic stroke rates were 5 to 6 times (age <55 years) and 2 to 3 times higher. Using a combination of stepwise model selection and Bayesian model averaging, the strongest predictors of ischemic stroke were heart failure (odds ratio for age group 18-49 years, 5.94 [95% CI, 3.49-10.14], odds ratio for age group 50-64 years, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.06-2.66]), diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.66-3.28]), and recent myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 8.38 [95% CI, 1.77-39.58]).Among patients with adult congenital heart disease, 1 in 11 men and 1 in 15 women experienced a stroke between ages 18 and 64 years. Stroke incidence was considerably higher than in the general population, especially at a younger age. The most important predictors of ischemic stroke were heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and recent myocardial infarction. Additional research is required to see whether advances in the management of adult congenital heart disease may reduce this substantial stroke rate.
The combined evaluation ofp53 accumulation and of Ki-67 (MIBI) labelling index provides independent information on overall survival of ovarian carcinoma patients
Authors: G. Viale, P. Maisonneuve, E. Bonoldi, A. Di Bacco, P. Bevilacqua, G.A. Panizzoni, U. Radaelli, G. Gasparini
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
‘Compliance’ versus ‘adherence’ in sport injury prevention: why definition matters
Authors: Carly D McKay, Evert Verhagen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

For sport injury prevention efforts to be successful, athletes must adopt and continue to use preventive measures.1 To this end, researchers have conceptualised intervention uptake as both a modifying factor in efficacy trials,2 and as an outcome in effectiveness and implementation studies.3 While this has advanced our understanding of effective intervention designs, dose–response relationships, and barriers to programme use, the definition of ‘uptake’ has been inconsistent. Researchers often use ‘compliance’ and ‘adherence’ interchangeably, overlooking important differences in these constructs.4 We propose that efficacy trials require ‘compliance’, but effectiveness studies do not; instead, these should measure and interpret ‘adherence’ in real-life contexts. This distinction is an important first step for developing a framework to guide appropriate selection of outcome measures, measurement tools and analysis strategies to answer specific research questions.

‘Compliance’ refers to the act of an individual conforming to professional recommendations with regard to prescribed dosage, timing and frequency of an intervention.5 This requires the measurement of behaviour relative to a fixed standard, …
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in a German traveller returning from the Masai Mara area, Kenya, January 2012
Authors: T Wolf, T Wichelhaus, S Göttig, C Kleine, H R Brodt, G Just-Nuebling
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

In January 2012, a case of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) has been identified in Germany in a traveller returning from the Masai Mara area in Kenya. The 62-year-old man had travelled to the Masai Mara game park from 18 to 19 January 2012 and developed fever on 28 January. The infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense was confirmed by laboratory testing three days hereafter.
Preclinical Evaluation of Orally Bioavailable Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Complement Factor D As a Potential Treatment for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: Jason Wiles, Steven Podos, Jane Thanassi, Avinash Phadke, Venkat Gadhachanda, Godwin Pais, Akihiro Hashimoto, Qiuping Wang, Dawei Chen, Xiangzhu Wang, Atul Agarwal, Jose Rivera, Michael Elliot, Christopher Marlor, Jay Zhang, Milind Deshpande, Mingjun Huang, Yongqing Huang
Journal: Blood (2014)
Prognostic Value Of GELF Criteria and FLIPI2 For Newly Diagnosed Follicular Lymphoma Receiving R-CHOP Chemotherapy
Authors: Satsuki Murakami, Harumi Kato, Kazuhito Yamamoto, Hirofumi Taji, Daiki Hirano, Yasushi Yatabe, Shigeo Nakamura, Tomohiro Kinoshita
Journal: Blood (2013)
Five advanced pancreatic cancer patients in a Phase I study of anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR bispecific antibody armed activated T cells (BATS)
Authors: Lawrence G Lum, Minsig Choi, Archana Thakur, Abhinav Deol, Kristie Fields, Elyse Tomaszewski, Dana Schalk, Vidya Kondadasule, Greg Dyson, Hemchandra Mahaseth, Philip Philip, Anthony Shields
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Conventional chemotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) and metastatic PC (MPC) is associated with clinical toxicities, dismal response, and poor survival rates. Novel approaches are needed. Preclinical studies show that bispecific antibody armed T cells exhibit
The Process of NCCN Guidelines™ Adaptation to the Middle East and North Africa Region
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Jazieh, Hamdy A. Azim, Joan McClure, Mohammad Jahanzeb
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

The NCCN developed clinical practice guidelines for oncology that set the standard of cancer care in the United States. Because of wide acceptance of, need for, and interest in standardized treatment practices across the world, NCCN launched initiatives to help international groups adapt these guidelines. This article describes the initiative in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A group of oncology experts and key opinion leaders were assembled into 7 specific committees to develop treatment guidelines for breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, hepatobiliary cancer, lymphoma, and palliative care. The committees reviewed the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) to identify any modifications required for them to be more applicable to the MENA region based on available evidence and regional experience. These modifications were discussed with NCCN experts and summarized for each specific area. The development of these guidelines generated a strong interest in the region to develop more evidence-based practice and create further networking and collaboration.
Activation of Lipoprotein Lipase
Authors: THOMAS F. WHAYNE, JAMES M. FELTS
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) from rat heart acetone powders has been reported to depend on the presence of NH 4 + , calcium, or other divalent cations for optimal activity. In addition, the enzyme will not hydrolyze an artificial triglyceride emulsion unless it is converted to an active substrate by the addition of very low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins (HDL), or certain peptides contained in these complexes. We observed earlier that HDL that had been extensively dialyzed against 0.005M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which probably removed most of the divalent cations, produced little lipolytic activity in LPL from rat heart acetone powders. This observation led us to evaluate the cation requirements for LPL. LPL was prepared in soluble form from rat heart acetone powders. HDL was isolated from rat serum by ultracentrifugation. The assay system contained a phospholipid-stabilized triglyceride emulsion as substrate. The addition of the whole rat serum to the LPL assay system produced high LPL activity. The addition of dialyzed HDL isolated from the same volume of serum produced low LPL activity. The addition of calcium in physiological concentration to the assay containing HDL increased LPL activity markedly. The high enzyme activity produced by both serum and HDL plus calcium was inhibited by ethyleneglycol bis(β-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a specific calcium chelating agent. The addition of NH 4 + or magnesium at several concentrations did not replace calcium in stimulating LPL activity. We conclude that calcium has a cofactor function in the LPL lipolytic reaction and that the optimal enzyme reaction rate is attained in the presence of calcium concentrations found in serum.
Hormonal contraception: what is new?
Authors: None The ESHRE Capri Workshop Group
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2002)

Hormonal contraception has become more effective and more widely used, while the world population has grown from 3000 million in 1960 to 6000 million in 2000. There is a need for improved contraception, because legal abortion is used in a high proportion of pregnancies and illegal abortion continues to be common in some countries. Hormonal contraception now includes different choices of administration and dose regimens. The best selection depends on the benefits and risks of the method and whether there is a medical disability. Medical eligibility for combined oral contraceptives has improved during the past 40 years so that, for most women, all currently available low-dose products are safe. For women with medical conditions, wider eligibility for oral contraceptive use has evolved from better knowledge of the risk factors. The long-term risks of rare cardiovascular and malignant adverse events remain controversial. There are long-term benefits, however, as oral contraceptive use appears to protect against endometrial, ovarian and colorectal cancers. Emergency contraception provides an option that reduces the number of unplanned pregnancies with little or no long-term risk. Endometrial contraception is an option that would ideally have no influence on ovarian function or the bleeding pattern, and cause no significant side-effects. Hormonal male contraception, with indirect suppression of spermatogenesis by decreasing gonadotrophin output, is a further choice. Although hormonal contraception is effective and safe, many research investigations remain to be carried out in order to improve tolerance and achieve wider utilization.
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression after subtotal nephrectomy and blockade of the renin-angiotensin system.
Authors: L L Wu, A Cox, C J Roe, M Dziadek, M E Cooper, R E Gilbert
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is an extracellular matrix-associated protein with antiadhesive, antiproliferative, and matrix remodeling properties. SPARC gene and protein expression were investigated after subtotal nephrectomy (STNx), a model of noninflammatory progressive renal injury. In addition, the effect of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril or by the angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan was examined. The STNx rats developed hypertension, proteinuria, and renal impairment. These changes were associated with a 2.4-fold increase in SPARC gene expression in STNx compared with SHAM kidneys (P < 0.001). In situ hybridization revealed increased SPARC mRNA in glomeruli and interstitial cells, as well as de novo expression by tubular epithelial cells at sites of renal injury. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed concordant changes in SPARC protein. Both ramipril and valsartan ameliorated renal injury and significantly reduced SPARC overexpression in the STNx animals. The findings of the present study suggest that SPARC, in the context of its known biological actions, may influence some of the pathological features associated with significant renal mass reduction.
CT coronary angiography in patients with suspected angina due to coronary heart disease (SCOT-HEART): an open-label, parallel-group, multicentre trial
Journal: The Lancet (2015)

BackgroundThe benefit of CT coronary angiography (CTCA) in patients presenting with stable chest pain has not been systematically studied. We aimed to assess the effect of CTCA on the diagnosis, management, and outcome of patients referred to the cardiology clinic with suspected angina due to coronary heart disease.MethodsIn this prospective open-label, parallel-group, multicentre trial, we recruited patients aged 18–75 years referred for the assessment of suspected angina due to coronary heart disease from 12 cardiology chest pain clinics across Scotland. We randomly assigned (1:1) participants to standard care plus CTCA or standard care alone. Randomisation was done with a web-based service to ensure allocation concealment. The primary endpoint was certainty of the diagnosis of angina secondary to coronary heart disease at 6 weeks. All analyses were intention to treat, and patients were analysed in the group they were allocated to, irrespective of compliance with scanning. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01149590.FindingsBetween Nov 18, 2010, and Sept 24, 2014, we randomly assigned 4146 (42%) of 9849 patients who had been referred for assessment of suspected angina due to coronary heart disease. 47% of participants had a baseline clinic diagnosis of coronary heart disease and 36% had angina due to coronary heart disease. At 6 weeks, CTCA reclassified the diagnosis of coronary heart disease in 558 (27%) patients and the diagnosis of angina due to coronary heart disease in 481 (23%) patients (standard care 22 [1%] and 23 [1%]; p<0·0001). Although both the certainty (relative risk [RR] 2·56, 95% CI 2·33–2·79; p<0·0001) and frequency of coronary heart disease increased (1·09, 1·02–1·17; p=0·0172), the certainty increased (1·79, 1·62–1·96; p<0·0001) and frequency seemed to decrease (0·93, 0·85–1·02; p=0·1289) for the diagnosis of angina due to coronary heart disease. This changed planned investigations (15% vs 1%; p<0·0001) and treatments (23% vs 5%; p<0·0001) but did not affect 6-week symptom severity or subsequent admittances to hospital for chest pain. After 1·7 years, CTCA was associated with a 38% reduction in fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction (26 vs 42, HR 0·62, 95% CI 0·38–1·01; p=0·0527), but this was not significant.InterpretationIn patients with suspected angina due to coronary heart disease, CTCA clarifies the diagnosis, enables targeting of interventions, and might reduce the future risk of myocardial infarction.FundingThe Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates funded the trial with supplementary awards from Edinburgh and Lothian's Health Foundation Trust and the Heart Diseases Research Fund.
Airway diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases: is it something in the air (pollution)?
Authors: Jeremy A. Hirota, Chris Carlsten, Mohsen Sadatsafavi, Gilaad Kaplan, Simon A. Hirota
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Our group has recently discussed the exciting European Respiratory Journal publication by Brassard et al. [1] that shows an increased incidence of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in subjects with airway disease. In this population-based cohort study, the incidence of Crohn's disease was higher in the asthma (by 27%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (by 55%) groups relative to the general population. This study complements other recent observations showing increased gut permeability in those with COPD relative to healthy controls [2], which is a potential mechanism for development of IBD. Taken together, these data suggest a common link in the pathogenesis of IBD and airway disease; however, the mechanisms responsible for these interesting observations remain unclear. A discussion of the environmental factors influencing lung and gut disease: is it something in the air? <http://ow.ly/MW86M>
Research is the future: get involved
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Research and journalism can work together to achieve better outcomes for patients. In 2013 The BMJ published a feature on the fashionable practice of sentinel node biopsy in people with malignant melanoma (doi:10.1136/bmj.e8645). The journalist Ingrid Torjesen reported that follow-up data from a key clinical trial had not been published. Her article prompted a commentary in the British Journal of Dermatology raising doubts about the benefits of sentinel node biopsy (doi:10.1111/bjd.12487). When the long awaited data were eventually published in the New England Journal of Medicine last year (doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1310460 …
The China Cancer Screening Trial Feasibility Study
Authors: Min Dai, Ping Hu, Ju-Fang Shi, Jian-Song Ren, Xian-Zhen Liao, Ling-Bin Du, Yu-Qin Liu, Zhao-Li Chen, Ning Wu, Qian Liu, Paul Pinsky, Philip Prorok, Richard Fagerstrom, Martina Taylor, Barnett Kramer, Jie He
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Heterogeneity of postpartum depression: a latent class analysis
Authors: Kt Putnam, E Robertson-Blackmore, Km Sharkey, Jl Payne, V Bergink, T Munk-Olsen, Km Deligiannidis, M Altemus, Dj Newport, G Apter, E Devouche, A Vikorin, Pk Magnusson, P Lichtenstein, Bw Penninx, A Buist, J Bilszta, Mw O’hara, S Stuart, Rl Brock, Sj Roza, H Tiemeier, C Guille, Cn Epperson, Dr Kim, Pj Schmidt, P Martinez, Kl Wisner, Zn Stowe, I Jones, Dr Rubinow, Pf Sullivan, S. Meltzer-Brody
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2015)
Evidence against increased hydroxyl radical production during oxygen deprivation-reoxygenation proximal tubular injury.
Authors: R A Zager, D J Gmur, B A Schimpf, C R Bredl, C A Foerder
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

The purpose of this study was to assess whether proximal renal tubules generate excess hydroxyl radical (.OH) during hypoxia/reoxygenation or ischemia/reperfusion injury, thereby supporting the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species contribute to the pathogenesis of postischemic acute renal failure. In the first phase of the study, rat isolated proximal tubular segments (PTS) were subjected to hypoxia (95% N2- 5% CO2) for 15, 30, or 45 min, followed by 15 to 30 min of reoxygenation in the presence of sodium salicylate, a stable .OH trap. Cellular injury after hypoxia and reoxygenation was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release; .OH production was gauged by hydroxylated salicylate by-product generation (2,3-, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids (DHBA); quantified by HPLC/electrochemical detection). Continuously oxygenated PTS served as controls. Despite substantial lactate dehydrogenase release during hypoxia (8 to 46%) and reoxygenation (8 to 11%), DHBA production did not exceed that of the coincubated, continuously oxygenated control PTS. In the second phase of the study, salicylate-treated rats were subjected to 25 or 40 min of renal arterial occlusion +/- 15 min of reperfusion. No increase in renal DHBA concentrations occurred during ischemia or reperfusion, compared with that in sham-operated controls. To validate the salicylate trap method, PTS were incubated with a known .OH-generating system (Fe2+/Fe3+); in addition, rats were treated with antioxidant interventions (oxypurinol plus dimethylthiourea). Fe caused marked DHBA production, and the antioxidants halved in vivo DHBA generation. In conclusion, these results suggest that exaggerated .OH production is not a consequence of O2 deprivation/reoxygenation tubular injury.
Advantage of Systematic Random Ultrasound-Guided Biopsies, Measurement of Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Level and Determination of Prostate Volume in the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: T Billebaud, A Villers, L Astier, L Boccon-Gibod, M C Dauge, A Sibert, J C Baron, V Delmas, L Boccon-Gibod
Journal: European Urology (1992)
Identification of men with a genetic predisposition to prostate cancer: Targeted screening in men at higher genetic risk and controls—The IMPACT study.
Authors: Ros A. Eeles, Elizabeth Bancroft, Elizabeth Page, Elena Castro, Natalie Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

12 Background: IMPACT is a multi-national targeted prostate cancer screening study of men with a known germline mutation which is thought to predispose to the disease. The study is recruiting male BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and a control group, who have tested negative for a mutation present in their family, from 52 centres in 17 countries. Methods: Eligible men aged 40-69 years are offered annual serum PSA testing for at least five years. The PSA threshold used to determine prostate biopsy is &gt;3ng/ml. All men are offered a biopsy irrespective of PSA level after 5 years of screening. Men are also invited to take part in a Quality of Life sub-study. Results: To date 1819/ 1850 men have been recruited (593 BRCA1, 580 BRCA2, 638 Controls). 213 presented with a PSA ≥3ng/ml and 159 biopsies have been performed (54 men have either declined the biopsy or are awaiting results) and 60 men have been diagnosed with prostate cancer (31 BRCA2 carriers, 16 BRCA1 carriers and 13 controls). 45% of cases diagnosed in BRCA1/2 carriers were Gleason score ≥7. The estimated positive predictive value (PPV) for PSA screening in Controls was 28%, similar to that in the general population, whilst it was 36% for BRCA1 and 46% for BRCA2. Conclusions: Our preliminary results show that annual PSA screening using a cut-off of 3.0ng/ml detects aggressive prostate cancer in BRCA carriers. Early data indicate that a larger proportion of gene carriers have developed clinically significant prostate cancers (those that would need radical treatment on UK treatment guidelines) compared with the control group. The higher risk of PrCa observed in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers will need to be confirmed with further data Acknowledgements: The IMPACT study collaborators and participants, The Ronald and Rita McAulay Foundation, Cancer Research UK, NIHR. Clinical trial information: NCT00261456.
Transferring the costs of expensive treatments
Authors: M. Young, S. Colwill, J. Spiby
Journal: BMJ (1995)

36%) should also be viewed with concern.Changes in personality can be induced by exposure to chemicals; some people may be more susceptible than others.Many men reported serious side effects after taking nerve agent pretreatment sets, including enhanced aggression.These reports should be investigated thoroughly.We must protect our troops as well as possible in modern warfare.That implies an objective approach to all complaints after service in a particular field.It is to be hoped that the Ministry of Defence will now ensure thorough research into its own findings, preferably through civilian and NHS establishments.