tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Establishing the Predictive Validity of Intentions to Smoke Among Preadolescents and Adolescents Surviving Cancer
Authors: James L. Klosky, Vida L. Tyc, Ashley Hum, Shelly Lensing, Joanna Buscemi, Danette M. Garces-Webb, Melissa M. Hudson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

A significant proportion of adults surviving childhood cancer are smokers. Although these estimated rates of smoking are slightly lower than those in the US population, they remain alarmingly high for this high-risk group. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive validity of adolescent self-reported smoking intentions for later smoking among childhood cancer survivors.Baseline tobacco intentions were collected from 119 nonsmoking cancer survivors, age 10 to 18 years, who participated in a tobacco-based clinical trial during the late 1990s. Follow-up smoking status was systematically collected annually up to 10 years postintervention (median follow-up, 6.0 years; interquartile range, 3.0 to 6.9 years) as part of clinical survivorship care.Twenty-seven participants (22.7%) subsequently initiated tobacco use within 5 years of study enrollment. The 5-year cumulative incidence was 29.8% +/- 6.0% for those who were susceptible to smoking compared with 12.8% +/- 5.4% for those who were committed never smokers (P = .022). Past use (P < .001) and having friends who smoked (P = .038) were also associated (univariate model) with tobacco initiation, and there was a trend for an association for older adolescents (P = .073). Every unit increase on the intentions scale was associated with a 17% increase in the risk for tobacco initiation (P = .002) after adjusting for age group and past tobacco use in a multivariable model.Because early intentions to smoke are predictive of later tobacco use, survivors as young as 10 years of age who waver in their commitment to remain tobacco abstinent should be targeted for tobacco prevention interventions.
Sμ mutation patterns suggest different progression pathways in follicular lymphoma: early direct or late from FL progenitor cells
Authors: Philippe Ruminy, Fabrice Jardin, Jean-Michel Picquenot, Françoise Parmentier, Nathalie Contentin, Gérard Buchonnet, Sandrine Tison, Vinciane Rainville, Hervé Tilly, Christian Bastard
Journal: Blood (2008)
Adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin for gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy (CLASSIC): 5-year follow-up of an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Sung Hoon Noh, Sook Ryun Park, Han-Kwang Yang, Hyun Cheol Chung, Ik-Joo Chung, Sang-Woon Kim, Hyung-Ho Kim, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Wansik Yu, Jong Inn Lee, Dong Bok Shin, Jiafu Ji, Jen-Shi Chen, Yunni Lim, Stella Ha, Yung-Jue Bang
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Reassessment of the HAMLET study
Authors: Patrick Mitchell, Barbara A Gregson, John Crossman, Chris Gerber, Alastair Jenkins, Claire Nicholson, Nick V Todd, Nick Ross, Parameswaran Bhattathiri, Justin Nissen, Peter J Crawford, Guy Wynne-Jones, Robin P Sengupta, Laura Graham, Akif Gani, Michelle Davis, Chris Gray, David Barer, Paul Dorman, David Millar, Julia Williamson, Holly Durham, Alison Jones, Helen Hastie, A David Mendelow
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2009)
A systematic review of symptomatic outcomes used in oesophagitis drug therapy trials
Authors: N Sharma
Journal: Gut (2004)

Symptoms are an important outcome for measurement in clinical trials into gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, but the optimal approach to symptom assessment has not been formally evaluated. The authors conducted a systematic review to assess how reflux symptoms have been evaluated and how well these correlate with oesophagitis healing and relapse.
Pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and metabolites in a randomized comparative study in platinum-pretreated ovarian cancer patients.
Authors: M T Huizing, A C Keung, H Rosing, V van der Kuij, W W ten Bokkel Huinink, I M Mandjes, A C Dubbelman, H M Pinedo, J H Beijnen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE To investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel in a randomized comparative study with four different treatment arms in patients with platinum-pretreated ovarian carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighteen patients were entered onto this study in which paclitaxel was administered at a high dose of 175 mg/m2 versus a low dose of 135 mg/m2 on a 3- or 24-hour infusion schedule. A solid-phase extraction technique for sample pretreatment followed by a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was used for analysis of plasma. RESULTS Grade 3 neutropenia occurred in all four treatment arms. However, it was more severe on the 24-hour infusion schedule. Paclitaxel concentrations as low as 0.012 mumol/L were measured with the HPLC assay. With this low quantitation threshold, we found the plasma disappearance of paclitaxel to be triphasic, with half-lives t1/2(alpha), t1/2(beta), and t1/2(gamma) mean values for the different treatment arms of 0.19 hours (range, 0.01 to 0.4), 1.9 hours (range, 0.5 to 2.8), and 20.7 hours (range, 4 to 65), respectively. Eleven possible metabolites were found, of which three were identified as taxanes by on-line HPLC-photodiode array (PDA) detection. Investigation of pharmacodynamics shows no clear relationship between the pharmacokinetic parameters area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC), area under the plasma concentration moment curve (AUMC), maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), clearance, and toxicity. However, a relationship was found between the duration of plasma concentrations above a threshold of 0.1 mumol/L with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and white blood cell count (WBC). CONCLUSION Paclitaxel is metabolized, and putative metabolic products can be found in plasma of patients treated with the drug. Our results indicate that myelosuppression can be predicted by the measurement of the duration of plasma concentrations above the threshold of 0.1 mumol/L.
Natural History of Early, Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jan-Erik Johansson
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Context Among men with early prostate cancer, the natural history without initial therapy determines the potential for survival benefit following radical local treatment.However, little is known about disease progression and mortality beyond 10 to 15 years of watchful waiting.Objective To examine the long-term natural history of untreated, early stage prostatic cancer.Design Population-based, cohort study with a mean observation period of 21 years.Setting Regionally well-defined catchment area in central Sweden (recruitment March 1977 through February 1984).Patients A consecutive sample of 223 patients (98% of all eligible) with early-stage (T0-T2 NX M0 classification), initially untreated prostatic cancer.Patients with tumor progression were hormonally treated (either by orchiectomy or estrogens) if they had symptoms.Main Outcome Measures Progression-free, cause-specific, and overall survival. ResultsAfter complete follow-up, 39 (17%) of all patients experienced generalized disease.Most cancers had an indolent course during the first 10 to 15 years.However, further follow-up from 15 (when 49 patients were still alive) to 20 years revealed a substantial decrease in cumulative progression-free survival (from 45.0% to 36.0%), survival without metastases (from 76.9% to 51.2%), and prostate cancerspecific survival (from 78.7% to 54.4%).The prostate cancer mortality rate increased from 15 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 10-21) during the first 15 years to 44 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 22-88) beyond 15 years of follow-up (P=.01). ConclusionAlthough most prostate cancers diagnosed at an early stage have an indolent course, local tumor progression and aggressive metastatic disease may develop in the long term.These findings would support early radical treatment, notably among patients with an estimated life expectancy exceeding 15 years.
The European Community Respiratory Health Survey: what are the main results so far?
Authors: C. Janson, J. Anto, P. Burney, S. Chinn, R. de Marco, J. Heinrich, D. Jarvis, N. Kuenzli, B. Leynaert, C. Luczynska, F. Neukirch, C. Svanes, J. Sunyer, M. Wjst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The European Community Respiratory Heath Survey (ECRHS) was the first study to assess the geographical variation in asthma and allergy in adults using the same instruments and definitions. The database of the ECRHS includes information from ∼140,000 individuals from 22 countries. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of the ECRHS to date. The ECRHS has shown that there are large geographical differences in the prevalence of asthma, atopy and bronchial responsiveness, with high prevalence rates in English speaking countries and low prevalence rates in the Mediterranean region and Eastern Europe. Analyses of risk factors have highlighted the importance of occupational exposure for asthma in adulthood. The association between sensitization to individual allergens and bronchial responsiveness was strongest for indoor allergens (mite and cat). Analysis of treatment practices has confirmed that the treatment of asthma varies widely between countries and that asthma is often undertreated. In conclusion, the European Community Respiratory Health Survey has shown that the prevalence of asthma varies widely. The fact that the geographical pattern is consistent with the distribution of atopy and bronchial responsiveness supports the conclusion that the geographical variations in the prevalence of asthma are true and most likely due to environmental factors.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Induces a Novel Transcription Factor That Causes Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis and Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Limei Zhou, Asim Azfer, Jianli Niu, Sarabeth Graham, Mahua Choudhury, Frances M. Adamski, Craig Younce, Phillip F. Binkley, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1; CCL2)–mediated inflammation plays a critical role in the development of ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, the gene expression changes caused by signal transduction, triggered by MCP-1 binding to its receptor CCR2, and their possible role in the development of IHD are not understood. We present evidence that MCP-1 binding to CCR2 induces a novel transcription factor (MCP-induced protein [MCPIP]) that causes cell death. Gene microarray analysis showed that when expressed in hiuman embryonic kidney 293 cells, MCPIP induced apoptotic gene families before causing cell death. Mutagenesis studies showed that the structural features required for transcription factor–like activity were also required for causing cell death. Activation of caspase-3 was detected after MCPIP transfection and Z-VAD-fmk partially inhibited cell death. Cardiomyocyte-targeted expression of MCP-1 in mice caused death by heart failure at 6 months of age. MCPIP expression increased in parallel with the development of ventricular dysfunction. In situ hybridization showed the presence of MCPIP transcripts in the cardiomyocytes and immunohistochemistry showed that MCPIP was associated with the cardiomyocyte nuclei of apoptotic cardiomyocytes. CCR2 expression in cardiomyocytes increased with the development of IHD. MCPIP production induced by MCP-1 binding to CCR2 in the cardiomyocytes is probably involved in the development of IHD in this murine model. MCPIP transcript levels were much higher in the explanted human hearts with IHD than with nonischemic heart disease. These results provide a molecular insight into how chronic inflammation and exposure to MCP-1 contributes to heart failure and suggest that MCPIP could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B (REACH-B): development and validation of a predictive score
Authors: Hwai-I Yang, Man-Fung Yuen, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Kwang-Hyub Han, Pei-Jer Chen, Do-Young Kim, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Chien-Jen Chen, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Wai-Kay Seto
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
Cytotoxic T cells specific for antigens expressed on surface immunoglobulin-positive cells.
Authors: J Forman, R Ciavarra, E S Vitetta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

C.B-20 mice were immunized with splenocytes or B leukemia cells (BCL1) from Ig H chain allotype congenic strains. Spleen cells from these immunized mice were rechallenged in vitro to generate H-2-restricted cytotoxic T cells that were specific for target antigens controlled by genes linked to the Ig H chain locus. The anti-Ig H cytotoxic T cells detected an antigen(s) expressed only on surface Ig+ cells. Thus, T cell lymphoblasts, eight BALB/c myeloma cell lines, and a T cell lymphoma were not lysed by the effector cells. In contrast, B cell lymphoblasts and the surface Ig+ BCL1 cells were sensitive to lysis. A surface Ig- hybridoma (which secretes the IgM from the BCL1 cells) generated by fusing BCL1 cells to X63 myeloma cells was not killed by the effector cells. These data indicate that cytotoxic T cells specific for antigenic determinants on either surface IgM+ or IgD+ or on a molecule that is coordinately expressed on IgM+ or IgD+ cells can be generated and that such cells might play a role in regulating the growth of normal B cells or surface Ig+ tumor cells in vivo.
Dexamethasone and length of hospital stay in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Sabine CA Meijvis, Hans Hardeman, Hilde HF Remmelts, Rik Heijligenberg, Ger T Rijkers, Heleen van Velzen-Blad, G Paul Voorn, Ewoudt MW van de Garde, Henrik Endeman, Jan C Grutters, Willem Jan W Bos, Douwe H Biesma
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Influence of Race, Insurance, Socioeconomic Status, and Hospital Type on Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Locoregional Breast Cancers
Authors: Xiao-Cheng Wu, Mary Jo Lund, Gretchen G. Kimmick, Lisa C. Richardson, Susan A. Sabatino, Vivien W. Chen, Steven T. Fleming, Cyllene R. Morris, Bin Huang, Amy Trentham-Dietz, Joseph Lipscomb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

For breast cancer, guidelines direct the delivery of adjuvant systemic therapy on the basis of lymph node status, histology, tumor size, grade, and hormonal receptor status. We explored how race/ethnicity, insurance, census tract-level poverty and education, and hospital Commission on Cancer (CoC) status were associated with the receipt of guideline-concordant adjuvant systemic therapy.Locoregional breast cancers diagnosed in 2004 (n = 6,734) were from the National Program of Cancer Registries-funded seven-state Patterns of Care study of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Predictors of guideline-concordant (receiving/not receiving) adjuvant systemic therapy, according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines, were explored by logistic regression.Overall, 35% of women received nonguideline chemotherapy, 12% received nonguideline regimens, and 20% received nonguideline hormonal therapy. Significant predictors of nonguideline chemotherapy included Medicaid insurance (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.86), high-poverty areas (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.96), and treatment at non-CoC hospitals (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.85), with adjustment for age, registry, and clinical variables. Predictors of nonguideline regimens among chemotherapy recipients included lack of insurance (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.92), high-poverty areas (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.97), and low-education areas (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.89) after adjustment. Living in high-poverty areas (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.96) and treatment at non-CoC hospitals (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.83) predicted nonguideline hormonal therapy after adjustment. ORs for poverty, education, and insurance were attenuated in the full models.Sociodemographic and hospital factors are associated with guideline-concordant use of systemic therapy for breast cancer. The identification of modifiable factors that lead to nonguideline treatment may reduce disparities in breast cancer survival.
T-cell clones can be rendered specific for CD19: toward the selective augmentation of the graft-versus-B–lineage leukemia effect
Authors: Laurence J. N. Cooper, Max S. Topp, Lisa Marie Serrano, Sergio Gonzalez, Wen-Chung Chang, Araceli Naranjo, Christine Wright, Leslie Popplewell, Andrew Raubitschek, Stephen J. Forman, Michael C. Jensen
Journal: Blood (2003)
Anticipation of distress after discontinuation of mechanical ventilation in the ICU at the end of life
Authors: E. J. O. Kompanje, B. van der Hoven, J. Bakker
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

A considerable number of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) die following withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. After discontinuation of ventilation without proper preparation, excessive respiratory secretion is common, resulting in a 'death rattle'. Post-extubation stridor can give rise to the relatives' perception that the patient is choking and suffering. Existing protocols lack adequate anticipatory preparation to respond to all distressing symptoms.We analyzed existing treatment strategies in distressing symptoms after discontinuation of mechanical ventilation.The actual period of discontinuation of mechanical ventilation can be very short, but thoughtful anticipation of distressing symptoms takes time. There is an ethical responsibility to anticipate and treat (iatrogenic) symptoms such as pain, dyspnea-associated respiratory distress, anxiety, delirium, post-extubation stridor, and excessive broncho-pulmonary secretions. This makes withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in ICU patients a thoughtful process, taking palliative actions instead of fast terminal actions. We developed a flowchart covering all possible distressing symptoms that can occur after withdrawal of mechanical ventilation and extubation. We recommend a two-phase process. Six hours before extubation, enteral feeding should be stopped and parenteral fluids reduced, overhydrated patients should be dehydrated with furosemide, administration of sedatives (for distress) and opioids (for pain and/or dyspnea) should be continued or started and methylprednisolone should be given in anticipation of stridor after extubation. Thirty minutes before extubation, Butylscopolamine should be given and methylprednisolone repeated. After this the patient should be extubated to secure a dying process as natural as possible with the lowest burden due to distress.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Long-Term Survivors of Testicular Cancer
Authors: Philip Blach Rossen, Anette Fischer Pedersen, Robert Zachariae, Hans von der Maase
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

A growing number of patients with testicular cancer (TC) become long-term survivors. As a consequence, quality-of-life (QOL) issues become increasingly important. The objective of this study was to investigate QOL among Danish TC survivors.A long-term follow-up assessment of all patients with TC treated at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark between 1990 and 2000 was conducted. A total of 401 survivors (response rate, 66%) completed questionnaires concerning QOL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20), and health-related issues such as neurotoxic symptoms and Raynaud-like phenomena. On the basis of their treatment, participants were categorized as having received surveillance, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy.QOL among patients with TC was equal to that of men from the general population. Although patients who received chemotherapy reported higher levels of peripheral sensory neuropathy, ototoxicity, and Raynaud-like phenomena, treatment strategies were generally unrelated to QOL and depressive symptoms.Overall, the patients in this study reported high levels of QOL. The results suggest that patients treated for TC should be informed about the anticipated good post-therapeutic QOL and the low risk of psychosocial and physical long-term effects.
A covariotide model explains apparent phylogenetic structure of oxygenic photosynthetic lineages
Authors: P J Lockhart, M A Steel, A C Barbrook, D H Huson, M A Charleston, C J Howe
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

The aims of the work were (1) to develop statistical tests to identify whether substitution takes place under a covariotide model in sequences used for phylogenetic inference and (2) to determine the influence of covariotide substitution on phylogenetic trees inferred for photosynthetic and other organisms. (Covariotide and covarion models are ones in which sites that are variable in some parts of the underlying tree are invariable in others and vice versa.) Two tests were developed. The first was a contingency test, and the second was an inequality test comparing the expected number of variable sites in two groups with the observed number. Application of these tests to 16S rDNA and tufA sequences from a range of nonphotosynthetic prokaryotes and oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes suggests the occurrence of a covariotide mechanism. The degree of support for partitioning of taxa in reconstructed trees involving these organisms was determined in the presence or absence of sites showing particular substitution patterns. This analysis showed that the support for splits between (1) photosynthetic eukaryotes and prokaryotes and (2) photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic organisms could be accounted for by patterns arising from covariotide substitution. We show that the additional problem of compositional bias in sequence data needs to be considered in the context of patterns of covariotide/covarion substitution. We argue that while covariotide or covarion substitution may give rise to phylogenetically informative patterns in sequence data, this may not always be so.
Enlightenment grows from fundamentals
Authors: Daniel Joseph Navarro, Amy Francesca Perfors
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Jones &amp; Love (J&amp;L) contend that the Bayesian approach should integrate process constraints with abstract computational analysis. We agree, but argue that the fundamentalist/enlightened dichotomy is a false one: Enlightened research is deeply intertwined with – and to a large extent is impossible without – the basic, fundamental work upon which it is based.