tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome are caused by somatic mosaic mutations of IDH1 and IDH2
Authors: M Fernanda Amary, Stephen Damato, Dina Halai, Malihe Eskandarpour, Fitim Berisha, Fiona Bonar, Stan McCarthy, Valeria R Fantin, Kimberly S Straley, Samira Lobo, Will Aston, Claire L Green, Rosemary E Gale, Roberto Tirabosco, Andrew Futreal, Peter Campbell, Nadège Presneau, Adrienne M Flanagan
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
The Changing Face of Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: Trends in Clinical Presentation and Primary Management
Authors: Matthew R. Cooperberg, Deborah P. Lubeck, Maxwell V. Meng, Shilpa S. Mehta, Peter R. Carroll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose Early intervention for prostate cancer is associated with excellent long-term survival, but many affected men, especially those with low-risk disease characteristics, might not experience adverse impact to survival or quality of life were treatment deferred. We sought to characterize temporal trends in clinical presentation and primary disease management among patients with low-risk prostate cancer. Methods Data were abstracted from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE), a disease registry of 8,685 men with various stages of prostate cancer. Included were 2,078 men who were diagnosed between 1989 and 2001 and had a serum prostate specific antigen ≤ 10 ng/mL, Gleason sum ≤ 6, and clinical T stage ≤ 2a. Trends in risk distribution, tumor characteristics, and primary treatment were evaluated. Results The proportion of patients with low-risk tumor characteristics rose from 29.8% in 1989 to 1992, to 45.3% in 1999 to 2001 (P &lt; .0001). There have been sharp increases in the use of brachytherapy and androgen deprivation monotherapy, from 3.1% and 3.1%, to 12.0% and 21.7%, respectively. Utilization rates for prostatectomy, external-beam radiotherapy, and observation have fallen accordingly, from 63.8%, 16.1%, and 13.8%, to 51.6%, 6.8%, and 7.9% (P &lt; .0001 for all except prostatectomy [P = .0019]). Age and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with treatment selection, but overall, the treatment trends were echoed on subgroup analysis of patients 75 years or older. Conclusion Low-risk features characterize a growing proportion of prostate cancer patients, and there have been significant shifts in the management of low-risk disease. Overtreatment may be a growing problem, especially among older patients.
Endothelial P-Selectin as a Target of Heparin Action in Experimental Melanoma Lung Metastasis
Authors: Ralf J. Ludwig, Beatrice Boehme, Maurizio Podda, Reinhard Henschler, Elke Jager, Christa Tandi, Wolf-Henning Boehncke, Thomas M. Zollner, Roland Kaufmann, Jens Gille
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Spontaneous and experimental metastasis can be effectively inhibited by the widely used anticoagulant heparin in different tumor models. At the cellular level, many of the antimetastatic effects of heparin in vivo are due to its action on P-selectin-mediated binding. Whereas previous attention has focused on P-selectin-dependent tumor-cell–platelet interactions in blood-borne metastasis, we sought to address the potential contribution of endothelial P-selectin expression to adhesive events between the microvasculature and melanoma cells in vivo. Transplantation of bone marrow from P-selectin-deficient into wild-type mice conveyed inhibition of ex-perimental melanoma metastasis. However, the extent to which bone marrow-conferred lack of platelet P-selectin expression attenuated melanoma lung metastasis was significantly less than that seen in P-selectin-deficient mice, suggesting that endothelial P-selectin expression may additionally contribute to formation of hematogenous metastases. This assumption was supported by our intravital microscopy studies, in which a significant proportion of melanoma cells were capable of directly interacting with postcapillary venules of the murine ear in a P-selectin-dependent manner. Heparin not only inhibits P-selectin-mediated melanoma cell rolling but also attenuates melanoma metastasis formation in vivo, further supporting the concept that endothelial P-selectin expression may represent an additional target of heparin action in experimental melanoma lung metastasis.
THE RESOLUTE ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IN PATIENTS WIH DIABETES MELLITUS: TWO YEAR OUTCOMES
Authors: Alan C. Yeung, Martin Leon, Sigmund Silber, Patrick Serruys, Stephan Windecker, Jorge Belardi, Ian T. Meredith, Franz&ndash;Josef Neumann, Petr Widimsky, Shigeru Saito, Joseph Massaro, Laura Mauri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate with GreenLight 120-W Laser Compared with Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bertrand Lukacs, Joyce Loeffler, Franck Bruyère, Pascal Blanchet, Albert Gelet, Patrick Coloby, Alexandre De la Taille, Philippe Lemaire, Jean-Christophe Baron, Jean-Nicolas Cornu, Mounir Aout, Helene Rousseau, Eric Vicaut
Journal: European Urology (2012)
INTER-CATHETER REPRODUCIBILITY OF NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE IN-VIVO DETECTION OF CORONARY LIPID CORE PLAQUES
Authors: Abdul-rahman R. Abdel-Karim, Bavana V. Rangan, Subhash Banerjee, Emmanouil S. Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Informed consent
Authors: Donna O'Boyle
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Endovascular repair is not worse than open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysmsEditor-The title and interpretation of the EVAR trial results in the POEM are misleading and incorrect. 1Mortality figures were quoted both as aneurysm related and all cause deaths.The 30 day mortality was 1.7% in the EVAR group, which is significantly lower than 4.7% in the open repair group.Surprisingly, the POEM somehow interpreted 30 day mortality to be less than 1% for both groups, which is clearly an error.The confidence intervals (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.77, P = 0.009) make type I error unlikely.If preintervention deaths are added to the figures 30 day mortality was calculated at 3.5% for endovascular repair and 7.1% for open surgery. 2 The advantage of endovascular repair is sustained at four years, with 4% aneurysm related deaths in the EVAR group compared with 7% in the open repair group.This confers a 3% absolute reduction in aneurysm related mortality.The all cause mortality rate was comparable in both groups at four years.Endovascular repair offers a 30 day lower risk treatment compared with open surgery in patients who are medically fit with an abdominal aortic aneurysm.Compared with open repair, endovascular repair offers no advantage with respect to all cause mortality and health related quality of life; and is more expensive; however, it confers a 3% improved aneurysm related survival which persists at four years.The POEM's message that endovascular repair is worse than open repair is inaccurate and not evidence based.
RINF (CXXC5) is overexpressed in solid tumors and is an unfavorable prognostic factor in breast cancer
Authors: S. Knappskog, L.M. Myklebust, C. Busch, T. Aloysius, J.E. Varhaug, P.E. Lønning, J.R. Lillehaug, F. Pendino
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Middle East respiratory syndrome
Authors: Alimuddin Zumla, David S Hui, Stanley Perlman
Journal: The Lancet (2015)

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel single-stranded, positive-sense RNA betacoronavirus (MERS-CoV). Dromedary camels, hosts for MERS-CoV, are implicated in direct or indirect transmission to human beings, although the exact mode of transmission is unknown. The virus was first isolated from a patient who died from a severe respiratory illness in June, 2012, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. As of May 31, 2015, 1180 laboratory-confirmed cases (483 deaths; 40% mortality) have been reported to WHO. Both community-acquired and hospital-acquired cases have been reported with little human-to-human transmission reported in the community. Although most cases of MERS have occurred in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, cases have been reported in Europe, the USA, and Asia in people who travelled from the Middle East or their contacts. Clinical features of MERS range from asymptomatic or mild disease to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure resulting in death, especially in individuals with underlying comorbidities. No specific drug treatment exists for MERS and infection prevention and control measures are crucial to prevent spread in health-care facilities. MERS-CoV continues to be an endemic, low-level public health threat. However, the virus could mutate to have increased interhuman transmissibility, increasing its pandemic potential.
Long-term stability of bronchial responsiveness to histamine.
Authors: E F Juniper, P A Frith, F E Hargreave
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Bronchial responsiveness to histamine was measured in 35 adult asthmatics whose symptoms were controlled on a minimum of medication. The tests were carried out on two occasions separated by 10-30 months. On each occasion the subjects had no symptoms of respiratory infection and no exposure to relevant allergens for at least six weeks. Bronchial responsiveness did not change in those who required no medication or inhaled salbutamol only to control their symptoms, but was significantly improved in those who required continuous treatment with both beclomethasone and salbutamol (p = 0.03). The results suggest that non-specific bronchial responsiveness remains similar over long periods when exacerbating factors are not present and that treatment with beclomethasone may reduce hyperresponsiveness.
Bone Marrow Transplantation or Chemotherapy After Remission Induction for Adults with Acute Nonlymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Appelbaum Fr, Dahlberg S, Thomas Ed, Buckner Cd, Cheever Ma, Clift Ra, Crowley J, Deeg Hj, Fefer A, Greenberg Pd
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

We compared the outcome of marrow transplantation with that of continued chemotherapy for adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia who achieve a first remission. From May 1977 to July 1982, 111 consecutive adults (ages 17 to 50) with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia were treated with induction chemotherapy. Ninety patients (81%) had a complete remission. Forty-four remission patients had available donors: 33 received a transplant and 11 did not. Forty-six patients in remission without matched donors were treated with continued chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year, disease-free survival from complete remission are 49% ± 18% for the transplant group and 20% ± 13% for the chemotherapy group. When compared to the chemotherapy group, patients undergoing transplantation had a higher risk of dying during the first 6 months after remission induction but a lower risk of dying thereafter. Within the transplant group, only age influenced survival. Within the chemotherapy group, a leukocyte count of greater than 10 000 mm3 at diagnosis, a French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group morphologic status of M-4, M-5, or M-6, and the presence of infection at diagnosis were all associated with shorter survival.
Congenital broncho-oesophageal fistula in the adult.
Authors: O Osinowo, H R Harley, D Janigan
Journal: Thorax (1983)

The case of a 46-year-old man with congenital broncho-oesophageal fistula is presented. The patient had had recurrent chest infections since childhood and a recent history of heartburn and flatulence. A barium-swallow examination showed a small sliding hiatal hernia and an oesophageal diverticulum communicating via a fistula with the apical and posterior segmental bronchi of the left lower lobe. Bronchography showed bronchiectasis in this lobe. At thoracotomy resection of the broncho-oesophageal fistula and left lower lobectomy were performed. The patient9s recovery was uneventful. Twenty published cases are reviewed. The classification of congenital broncho-oesophageal fistulae should take account not only of the type of fistula but also of the type and size of the bronchus with which the fistula communicates, the age of the patient at the first appearance of symptoms, and the duration of symptoms.
The validity of the diagnostic code for hidradenitis suppurativa in an electronic database
Authors: G.E. Kim, J. Shlyankevich, A.B. Kimball
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Electronic claims and medical record databases are important sources of information for medical research. However, potential sources of error and bias, including inaccurate diagnoses, incomplete data, incorrect data entry and misclassification bias, necessitate studies that assess the validity of these databases.To assess the validity of the diagnostic code for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), which is an increasingly studied disease.In this retrospective study, the medical records of 1168 patients in the Massachusetts General Hospital database who had received at least two International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision 705·83 codes were manually screened.Of the screened patients, 1046 (89·6%) were confirmed as having HS. The mean age ± SD was 44·0 ± 15·7 years, the median age was 43·0 years and 748 (71·5%) were female. The majority were white (66·7%), while a significant minority were black (13·9%) or Hispanic (13·4%). An increasing number of codes and specific terms used to describe HS in the medical record, including 'hydradenitis', 'boil', 'draining', 'abscess', 'fistula', 'cyst' and 'nodule', could be used to improve the positive predictive value of the search.Our results highlight the importance of establishing the validity of diagnostic codes in electronic databases, and allow for refinements of appropriate ways to design future searches. Given the potential for misclassification of patients with HS, establishing the validity of diagnostic codes and search strategies in electronic databases represents a crucial step for subsequent studies utilizing these databases.
How Valuable the Dog in the Routine Testing of Suspected Carcinogens?
Authors: Georgiana M. Bonser
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

The demand for tests in animals to eliminate carcinogenic substances from man's environment is likely to increase. It is therefore important to use available resources in personnel, facilities, and money as advantageously as possible. Long-term experiments (usually inconclusive) in dogs are reviewed and the conclusion is reached that, as far as routine tests are concerned, the resources and expense needed for tests on dogs would, except in special circumstances, be more wisely diverted to the rodent.
Interaction between gas cooking and<i>GSTM1</i>null genotype in bronchial responsiveness: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey
Authors: André F S Amaral, Adaikalavan Ramasamy, Francesc Castro-Giner, Cosetta Minelli, Simone Accordini, Inga-Cecilie Sørheim, Isabelle Pin, Manolis Kogevinas, Rain Jõgi, David J Balding, Dan Norbäck, Giuseppe Verlato, Mario Olivieri, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Christer Janson, Jan-Paul Zock, Joachim Heinrich, Deborah L Jarvis
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Increased bronchial responsiveness is characteristic of asthma. Gas cooking, which is a major indoor source of the highly oxidant nitrogen dioxide, has been associated with respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. However, little is known about the effect of gas cooking on bronchial responsiveness and on how this relationship may be modified by variants in the genes <i>GSTM1</i>, <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTP1</i>, which influence antioxidant defences. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was performed in subjects with forced expiratory volume in one second at least 70% of predicted who took part in the multicentre European Community Respiratory Health Survey, had bronchial responsiveness assessed by methacholine challenge and had been genotyped for <i>GSTM1</i>, <i>GSTT1</i> and <i>GSTP1</i>-rs1695. Information on the use of gas for cooking was obtained from interviewer-led questionnaires. Effect modification by genotype on the association between the use of gas for cooking and bronchial responsiveness was assessed within each participating country, and estimates combined using meta-analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, gas cooking, as compared with cooking with electricity, was not associated with bronchial responsiveness (β=−0.08, 95% CI −0.40 to 0.25, p=0.648). However, <i>GSTM1</i> significantly modified this effect (β for interaction=−0.75, 95% CI −1.16 to −0.33, p=4×10<sup>−4</sup>), with <i>GSTM1</i> null subjects showing more responsiveness if they cooked with gas. No effect modification by <i>GSTT1</i> or <i>GSTP1</i>-rs1695 genotypes was observed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Increased bronchial responsiveness was associated with gas cooking among subjects with the <i>GSTM1</i> null genotype. This may reflect the oxidant effects on the bronchi of exposure to nitrogen dioxide.
Blocking of Direct Membrane Immunofluorescence in Titration of Membrane-Reactive Antibodies Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Peter Gunvén, George Klein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Blocking the direct membrane immunofluorescence reaction, obtained by exposure of cells carrying Epstein-Barr virus to the fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated reference IgG of a Burkitt's lymphoma patient (Mutua), wds evaluated in relation to variou's test conditions. Membrane antigen expression, assessed by the frequency of positive cells, and conjugate dilution did not significantly affect, within the set limits, the blocking activity of undiluted and serially diluted sera, except for a small decrease in the activity of low-blocking sera with increasingly reactive cells. The tests showed good reproducibility, but 1 of 5 observers recorded higher blocking activities than the other observers in parallel tests. From repeated blind tests, confidence intervals were obtained for the mean blocking activity of one serum dilution. Twofold dilutions of reactive sera give a linear decrease of blocking activity within certain ranges. This can be used for the titration of membrane-reactive antibodies. An arbitrarily chosen blocking level (0.5 or 0.4 blocking index units) may serve to define the titer endpoint. Evaluation by the same observer of repeated titrations over 5 two-fold dilution steps is recommended, with all sera from the patient to be tested included each time. Adaptation of the observer to the reaction patterns in each test by reading reference cell samples after no, low, and high blocking of the reactions gives higher accuracy.
Monocytic CCR2+ Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Promote Immune Escape by Limiting Activated CD8 T-cell Infiltration into the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Alexander M. Lesokhin, Tobias M. Hohl, Shigehisa Kitano, Czrina Cortez, Daniel Hirschhorn-Cymerman, Francesca Avogadri, Gabrielle A. Rizzuto, John J. Lazarus, Eric G. Pamer, Alan N. Houghton, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D. Wolchok
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of cells that accumulate during tumor formation, facilitate immune escape, and enable tumor progression. MDSCs are important contributors to the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that blocks the action of cytotoxic antitumor T effector cells. Heterogeneity in these cells poses a significant barrier to studying the in vivo contributions of individual MDSC subtypes. Herein, we show that granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, a cytokine critical for the numeric and functional development of MDSC populations, promotes expansion of a monocyte-derived MDSC population characterized by expression of CD11b and the chemokine receptor CCR2. Using a toxin-mediated ablation strategy to target CCR2-expressing cells, we show that these monocytic MDSCs regulate entry of activated CD8 T cells into the tumor site, thereby limiting the efficacy of immunotherapy. Our results argue that therapeutic targeting of monocytic MDSCs would enhance outcomes in immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 72(4); 876–86. ©2011 AACR.
Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum in human β-mannosidosis: Report of a new case and a novel mutation
Authors: Vered Molho-Pessach, Ruth Bargal, Yigal Abramowitz, Victoria Doviner, Arieh Ingber, Annick Raas-Rothschild, Zvi Ne'eman, Marsha Zeigler, Abraham Zlotogorski
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa.
Authors: A L Pozniak, A S Latif, P Neill, S Houston, K Chen, V Robertson
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: A study was carried out to identify the main clinical radiological and bronchoscopic features of HIV related Kaposi9s sarcoma of the lung in African patients. METHODS: Forty seven HIV positive patients with epidemic Kaposi9s sarcoma who had clinical or radiological respiratory changes were investigated by simple lung function tests and fibreoptic bronchoscopy. RESULTS: The most common respiratory symptoms in the 47 patients were persistent cough in 42, haemoptysis in 23, and breathlessness in 38. A restrictive spirometric pattern was most common. The mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 1.88 (0.62) 1 with a forced vital capacity (FVC) of 2.66 (0.87) 1 and a FEV1/FVC% of 73.2 (7.5). On the chest radiograph 26 patients had diffuse reticulonodular shadows, 11 focal nodular shadows, seven a pleural effusion, and one a substantial increase in vascular markings; in two the radiograph was normal. At bronchoscopy characteristic discrete lesions were easily visible in 37 patients and were often bright red. Multiple nodules were seen in 11, flat or early plaque lesions in 12 (14 had both), proximal flat lesions and diffuse infiltration in three, diffuse infiltration alone in four, and masses in two; one had normal appearances at bronchoscopy. One patient had Pneumocystis carinii and two had a single bacterial pathogen cultured from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Only two of 29 bronchoscopic biopsies showed classical histological Kaposi9s sarcoma. After cytotoxic treatment 20 patients have died, with an overall median survival of 70 days. CONCLUSION: In this African population symptomatic pulmonary Kaposi9s sarcoma was common, with lesions seen in all but one patient at bronchoscopy. Coexistent infection was uncommon. Prognosis was poor despite treatment.
HORMONE STUDIES WITH THE ULTRACENTRIFUGE
Authors: James A. Chiles, Aura E. Severinghaus
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

1. An ultracentrifuge is described in which the rotor is driven by a compressed air turbine, and is spun in an evacuated chamber to minimize friction and heating. The rotating parts are supported by a cushion of air in an air bearing. 2. The centrifuge rotor holds 10 test tubes inclined at 45 degrees to the axis, and has a capacity of 55 cc. It is operated at a maximum speed of 51,000 R.P.M., which develops at the top of the fluid column in the test tubes a centrifugal field of over 100,000 times gravity, and at the bottom of the fluid column a field of over 200,000 times gravity. 3. By means of a reverse turbine, the rotor can be brought to a stop from full speed in a relatively short time. 4. A precession damping device is described, which effectively damps the precession and wobbling of the rotor that usually occurs at certain speeds in machines of this type. 5. A relatively long section of shaft is used between the centrifuge rotor and lower bearings. This prevents vibrations from being appreciably transmitted through the shaft to the lower bearings and driving mechanism, and results in a negligible wear on the bearings. 6. The driving mechanism is designed so that the positions of its parts are adjustable, and so that the driving mechanism may be dismantled without disturbing these adjustments.