tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risks and Benefits of Insulin-like Growth Factor
Authors: Anton-Lewis Usala
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 October 1994Risks and Benefits of Insulin-like Growth FactorAnton-Lewis Usala, MDAnton-Lewis Usala, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-7-199410010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I report some additional uses and potentially serious side effects of intravenous IGF-I not mentioned in the recently published NIH conference on clinical uses of IGF-I [1]. We have shown that high-dose (500 µg/kg of body weight), bolus intravenous IGF-I therapy resulted in both temporal and prolonged insulin sensitivity in two patients with type I diabetes complicated by severe insulin resistance [2-4]. In both patients, daily subcutaneous IGF-I administration with insulin resulted in temporal glycemic control, but severe resistance returned 48 hours after therapy was discontinued. Therapy had to be discontinued after 2 to 6 weeks because ...References1. Bondy CA, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR, Guler HP, Bach MA, Skarulis M. Clinical uses of insulin-like growth factor I. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:593-601. Google Scholar2. Usala AL, Madigan T, Burguera B, Sinha MK, Caro JF, Cunningham P, et al. Brief report: Treatment of insulin-resistant ketoacidosis with insulin-like growth factor I in an adolescent with insulin diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:853-7. Google Scholar3. Usala AL, Powell JP, Madigan T, Burguera B, Usala SJ. Intravenous or subcutaneous IGF-I therapy induces symptomatic hypophosphatemia in patients with severe insulin resistance [Abstract]. 76th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting; 1993:131. Google Scholar4. Usala AL, Madigan T, Burguera B, Sinha MK, Cefalu W, Powell JP, et al. High dose intravenous, but not low dose subcutaneous, IGF-I induces sustained insulin sensitization in severely resistant type I diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994; [In press]. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1994Volume 121, Issue 7Page: 549-550KeywordsAttentionDyspneaGlucoseInsulinInsulin resistanceInsulin-like growth factorsParalysisPhosphatesPotassiumRisk management ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Should Cervical Cancer Be an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome–Defining Cancer?
Authors: Mark Bower, Danish Mazhar, Justin Stebbing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

In 1987, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created a list of clinical diagnoses that defined the types of AIDS that were indicative of severe immunosuppression, especially defective cell-mediated immunity. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) were included in this list of AIDS-defining illnesses. More precisely, KS and primary cerebral NHL in people less than 60 years old were AIDS-defining illnesses even in the absence of HIV serology. In contrast, systemic highgrade B-cell NHL had to have either small noncleaved (Burkitt’s and Burkitt’s-like) or immunoblastic histology and have positive HIV serology to be an AIDS-defining illness. 1
Role of reactive oxygen metabolites in experimental colitis.
Authors: A Keshavarzian, G Morgan, S Sedghi, J H Gordon, M Doria
Journal: Gut (1990)

Reactive oxygen metabolites are potent inflammatory mediators that may be involved in tissue injury in inflammatory bowel disease. To evaluate their role in inflammatory bowel disease, we investigated the effects of lowering the activities of reactive oxygen metabolites in experimental colitis induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid in rats. Intracolonic administration of 5% acetic acid caused severe inflammation (mean (SEM) inflammatory score was 24.3 (0.7) of a maximum score of 32). Acetic acid at 2.5% produced moderate inflammation (score = 17 (1.4) v 4.0 (0.5) in control rats). This lower dose was used for subsequent experiments. Specific superoxide anion scavenger methoxypolyethylene glycol:superoxide dismutase, and reactive oxygen metabolites scavenger, sulfasalazine, significantly decreased the severity of inflammation (scores: 8 (4.4) and 9.8 (2.2) respectively). The xanthine oxidase inhibitors, tungsten and pterin aldehyde, failed to improve inflammation but another xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, a compound with known superoxide anion scavenging effect, did limit the inflammation (10(2)). Inhibition of hydroxyl radical production by deferoxamine or lowering hydroxyl radical values by a scavenger, dimethyl sulfoxide, did not affect the severity of inflammation. These data suggest: (1) that reactive oxygen metabolites play an important role in experimental colitis, (2) that the xanthine oxidase pathway is not a major source of reactive oxygen metabolites in colitis, and (3) that tissue injury in experimental colitis is not caused by generation of hydroxyl radicals.
The Munich Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Oliver Schnell, Wolfgang Otter, Eberhard Standl
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are closely connected fields of medicine. Diabetes is a major risk factor and cause of cardiovascular disease and many patients with cardiovascular disorders, not the least coronary heart disease, have glucometabolic perturbations (1). Diabetic patients without a previous myocardial infarction have a risk for cardiac mortality of 20% over 7 years, which is largely equal to the risk of nondiabetic patients after myocardial infarction (3). Furthermore, the risk for cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction over a time period of 7 years has been observed to be up to 45% (3).

In diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction, hospital mortality has also been reported to be substantially enhanced (4). A twofold increase in total hospital mortality has been reported in these patients (5). In 1999, the Munich Myocardial Infarction Registry reported a nearly threefold increase in hospital mortality within 24 h after admission (6). A total of 14% of diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction died within the first 24 h compared with 5% in nondiabetic patients (6). The Munich Myocardial Infarction Registry focuses on the inpatient management of acute myocardial infarction.

Although mortality-reducing effects of evidence-based treatment like reperfusion are equally beneficial in patients with and without diabetes, evidence-based treatment has formerly somehow been demonstrated to be less used in diabetic patients (4,6,7). The initial analysis of the Munich Myocardial Infarction Registry confirmed the underuse of early treatment strategies in diabetic patients (6). Coronary angiography, percutaneous transluminal balloon coronary angioplasty, and stenting were performed less frequently in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic patients (6). The underuse had also been reported in previous registries: the Swedish registry (Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admission [RIKS-HIA]) included patients with myocardial infarction, who were admitted between …
Modeling gene expression using chromatin features in various cellular contexts
Authors: Xianjun Dong, Melissa C Greven, Anshul Kundaje, Sarah Djebali, James B Brown, Chao Cheng, Thomas R Gingeras, Mark Gerstein, Roderic Guigó, Ewan Birney, Zhiping Weng
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Previous work has demonstrated that chromatin feature levels correlate with gene expression. The ENCODE project enables us to further explore this relationship using an unprecedented volume of data. Expression levels from more than 100,000 promoters were measured using a variety of high-throughput techniques applied to RNA extracted by different protocols from different cellular compartments of several human cell lines. ENCODE also generated the genome-wide mapping of eleven histone marks, one histone variant, and DNase I hypersensitivity sites in seven cell lines. We built a novel quantitative model to study the relationship between chromatin features and expression levels. Our study not only confirms that the general relationships found in previous studies hold across various cell lines, but also makes new suggestions about the relationship between chromatin features and gene expression levels. We found that expression status and expression levels can be predicted by different groups of chromatin features, both with high accuracy. We also found that expression levels measured by CAGE are better predicted than by RNA-PET or RNA-Seq, and different categories of chromatin features are the most predictive of expression for different RNA measurement methods. Additionally, PolyA+ RNA is overall more predictable than PolyA- RNA among different cell compartments, and PolyA+ cytosolic RNA measured with RNA-Seq is more predictable than PolyA+ nuclear RNA, while the opposite is true for PolyA- RNA. Our study provides new insights into transcriptional regulation by analyzing chromatin features in different cellular contexts.
Ecdysozoan Clade Rejected by Genome-Wide Analysis of Rare Amino Acid Replacements
Authors: I. B. Rogozin, Y. I. Wolf, L. Carmel, E. V. Koonin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

As the number of sequenced genomes from diverse walks of life rapidly increases, phylogenetic analysis is entering a new era: reconstruction of the evolutionary history of organisms on the basis of full-scale comparison of their genomes. In addition to brute force, genome-wide analysis of alignments, rare genomic changes (RGCs) that are thought to comprise derived shared characters of individual clades are increasingly used in genome-wide phylogenetic studies. We propose a new type of RGCs designated RGC_CAMs (after Conserved Amino acids-Multiple substitutions), which are inferred using a genome-scale analysis of protein and underlying nucleotide sequence alignments. The RGC_CAM approach utilizes amino acid residues conserved in major eukaryotic lineages, with the exception of a few species comprising a putative clade, and selects for phylogenetic inference only those amino acid replacements that require 2 or 3 nucleotide substitutions, in order to reduce homoplasy. The RGC_CAM analysis was combined with a procedure for rigorous statistical testing of competing phylogenetic hypotheses. The RGC_CAM method is shown to be robust to branch length differences and taxon sampling. When applied to animal phylogeny, the RGC_CAM approach strongly supports the coelomate clade that unites chordates with arthropods as opposed to the ecdysozoan (molting animals) clade. This conclusion runs against the view of animal evolution that is currently prevailing in the evo-devo community. The final solution to the coelomate–ecdysozoa controversy will require a much larger set of complete genome sequences representing diverse animal taxa. It is expected that RGC_CAM and other RGC-based methods will be crucial for these future, definitive phylogenetic studies.
Comparison of community-wide, integrated mass drug administration strategies for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: a cost-effectiveness modelling study
Authors: Nathan C Lo, Isaac I Bogoch, Brian G Blackburn, Giovanna Raso, Eliézer K N'Goran, Jean T Coulibaly, Sören L Becker, Howard B Abrams, Jürg Utzinger, Jason R Andrews
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundMore than 1·5 billion people are affected by schistosomiasis or soil-transmitted helminthiasis. WHO's recommendations for mass drug administration (MDA) against these parasitic infections emphasise treatment of school-aged children, using separate treatment guidelines for these two helminthiases groups. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of expanding integrated MDA to the entire community in four settings in Côte d'Ivoire.MethodsWe extended previously published, dynamic, age-structured models of helminthiases transmission to simulate costs and disability averted with integrated MDA (of praziquantel and albendazole) for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. We calibrated the model to data for prevalence and intensity of species-specific helminth infection from surveys undertaken in four communities in Côte d'Ivoire between March, 1997, and September, 2010. We simulated a 15-year treatment programme with 75% coverage in only school-aged children; school-aged children and preschool-aged children; adults; and the entire community. Treatment costs were estimated at US$0·74 for school-aged children and $1·74 for preschool-aged children and adults. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated in 2014 US dollars per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted.FindingsExpanded community-wide treatment was highly cost effective compared with treatment of only school-aged children (ICER $167 per DALY averted) and WHO guidelines (ICER $127 per DALY averted), and remained highly cost effective even if treatment costs for preschool-aged children and adults were ten times greater than those for school-aged children. Community-wide treatment remained highly cost effective even when elimination of helminth infections was not achieved. These findings were robust across the four diverse communities in Côte d'Ivoire, only one of which would have received annual MDA for both schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis under the latest WHO guidelines. Treatment every 6 months was also highly cost effective in three out of four communities.InterpretationIntegrated, community-wide MDA programmes for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis can be highly cost effective, even in communities with low disease burden in any helminth group. These results support an urgent need to re-evaluate current global guidelines for helminthiases control programmes to include community-wide treatment, increased treatment frequency, and consideration for lowered prevalence thresholds for integrated treatment.FundingStanford University Medical Scholars Programme, Mount Sinai Hospital-University Health Network AMO Innovation Fund.
Predictive Value of Whole Blood Chemiluminescence in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Françoise Lunel, Beatrice Descamps-Latscha, Diane Descamps, Yves Le Charpentier, Patrick Grippon, Dominique Valla, Jean-François Cadranel, Johannes Trum, Pierre Opolon
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Recent reports suggest that ethanol metabolism leads to reactive oxygen intermediates that may be responsible for the lesions observed in alcoholic hepatitis. This study investigated the production of reactive oxygen intermediates in peripheral blood phagocytes of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and attempts to evaluate its predictive value. Using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method, reactive oxygen intermediate production was measured directly within microamounts of whole blood, both in the absence (basal chemiluminescence production) and in the presence of phagocyte-stimulating agents including latex, zymosan, phorbol myristate acetate and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Thirty patients with well-documented and histologically proven alcoholic hepatitis were studied. Pugh's and Child's classification, Orrego's composite clinical and laboratory index and Maddrey's discriminant function were used to assess the prognosis of the liver disease. Patients were followed up monthly for 6 mo. Results were compared with those obtained in 17 patients with nonalcoholic liver disease and in 78 normal control subjects. Basal chemiluminescence production was significantly higher in patients with alcoholic hepatitis than in those with nonalcoholic liver disease and in normal subjects (p less than 0.001). Chemiluminescence responses to latex, zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate were significantly lower in alcoholic hepatitis patients than in normal subjects (p less than 0.001); however, when compared with nonalcoholic liver disease patients, these responses were significantly decreased only in the presence of zymosan (p less than 0.05). Both basal chemiluminescence production (p less than 0.001) and zymosan-induced chemiluminescence responses (p less than 0.02) were closely related to alcoholic hepatitis prognosis indices (i.e., Pugh's and Child's classification, Orrego's composite clinical and laboratory index and Maddrey's discriminant function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hepatic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and liver transplantation.
Authors: P Pitt, A Mowat, R Williams, E Hamilton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVES--To document the variety of liver diseases and the clinical picture of hepatic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) complicated by arthritis and to report the effects of successful liver transplantation on this disabling condition. METHODS--Seven patients with severe liver disease (two biliary atresia, two primary sclerosing cholangitis, one Wilson9s disease, one primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and one alcoholic cirrhosis) complicated by radiologically proven hepatic HOA and suffering from arthritis are described. RESULTS--In four of the six patients who required hepatic transplantation for inadequate liver function successful grafting was achieved with complete clinical remission of the painful arthritis. This occurred three days to 18 months later. CONCLUSIONS--Hepatic HOA with arthritis occurs in a variety of liver diseases. Despite resistance of this arthritis to conventional therapies, successful liver transplantation was associated with complete clinical remission in four of the cases reported.
Colony-Stimulating Factor-1
Authors: Julia Menke, Kerstin Amann, Lorenzo Cavagna, Maria Blettner, Arndt Weinmann, Andreas Schwarting, Vicki R. Kelley
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

A noninvasive means to predict the onset and recurrence of lupus nephritis (LN) before overt renal injury is needed to optimize and individualize treatment. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is expressed by kidney tubules at the onset of LN, increases with disease progression, and spills into the circulation in lupus-prone mice. We tested the hypothesis that amplified expression of CSF-1 detected in the serum or urine correlates with intrarenal CSF-1 expression and histopathology (increased macrophage accumulation, activity indices) and clinical kidney disease activity and predicts the onset and recurrence of nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We found increased serum or urine CSF-1 levels in patients with cutaneous, serositis, and musculoskeletal disease; however, the increase in CSF-1 levels was far greater in LN. Moreover, an elevation in serum or urine CSF-1 levels correlated with increasing intrarenal CSF-1 expression and histopathology. By longitudinally tracking patients, we found that elevated serum CSF-1 heralded the initial onset of disease, and a rise in serum or urine CSF-1 predicted recurrences of LN before clinical evidence of glomerular dysfunction and conventional serologic measures, even in patients with other manifestations of SLE. These findings indicate that serial monitoring for a rise in serum or urine CSF-1 levels in patients with SLE reflects kidney histopathology and may predict renal disease activity and the onset and recurrence of LN more accurately than conventional laboratory measures.
Adult Stem Cells for Tissue Repair — A New Therapeutic Concept?
Authors: Martin Körbling, Zeev Estrov
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Adult human stem cells that are intrinsic to various tissues have been described and characterized, some only recently. Analysis of recent data suggests that adult stem cells can generate differentiated cells beyond their own tissue boundaries, a process termed "developmental stem-cell plasticity." This review focuses on in vivo models of adult stem cells derived from bone marrow and peripheral blood and their potentially novel therapeutic applications.
Marked longevity of human lung parenchymal elastic fibers deduced from prevalence of D-aspartate and nuclear weapons-related radiocarbon.
Authors: S D Shapiro, S K Endicott, M A Province, J A Pierce, E J Campbell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Normal structure and function of the lung parenchyma depend upon elastic fibers. Amorphous elastin is biochemically stable in vitro, and may provide a metabolically stable structural framework for the lung parenchyma. To test the metabolic stability of elastin in the normal human lung parenchyma, we have (a) estimated the time elapsed since the synthesis of the protein through measurement of aspartic acid racemization and (b) modeled the elastin turnover through measurement of the prevalence of nuclear weapons-related 14C. Elastin purified by a new technique from normal lung parenchyma was hydrolyzed; then the prevalences of D-aspartate and 14C were measured by gas chromatography and accelerator-mass spectrometry, respectively. D-aspartate increased linearly with age; Kasp (1.76 x 10(-3) yr(-1) was similar to that previously found for extraordinarily stable human tissues, indicating that the age of lung parenchymal elastin corresponded with the age of the subject. Radiocarbon prevalence data also were consistent with extraordinary metabolic stability of elastin; the calculated mean carbon residence time in elastin was 74 yr (95% confidence limits, 40-174 yr). These results indicate that airspace enlargement characteristic of "aging lung" is not associated with appreciable new synthesis of lung parenchymal elastin. The present study provides the first tissue-specific evaluation of turnover of an extracellular matrix component in humans and underscores the potential importance of elastin for maintenance of normal lung structure. Most importantly, the present work provides a foundation for strategies to directly evaluate extracellular matrix injury and repair in diseases of lung (especially pulmonary emphysema), vascular tissue, and skin.
Minehead as a Winter-Residence for those Suffering from Chest-Diseases
Authors: T. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1877)

Up to the present moment, there have been very few surgical cases, only three having been admitted; viz.: I. Accidentally shot himself in the thigh with a revolver.The bullet lodged in the muscles and was extracted.Doing well.2. Sailor wounded in the right arm by cannon going off whilst he was loading it during the engagement at Oltenitza.Brought to hos- pital three days afterwards.Thumb and two fingers blown off; com-