tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of non-contingent and accurate performance feedback on pacing and time trial performance in 4-km track cycling
Authors: A R Mauger, A M Jones, C A Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Objective To determine whether the provision of comparative performance feedback during 4 km track cycling affects completion time. Design Five highly trained male cyclists first performed a baseline (BL) 4-km time trial (TT) on a velodrome track, followed by two further randomised 4-km TT, during which riders received either correct (COR) or non-contingent (FAL) feedback based on their BL performance. Results Participants completed the COR TT in a significantly faster time (t 4 =−3.10, p&lt;0.05) than the FAL TT (341 (8) s vs 350 (12) s). Over the TT, a significant difference in mean speed was apparent between the two conditions ( F 15,60 =1.95, p&lt;0.05) on the second (t 4 =4.71, p&lt;0.05), 15th (t 4 =3.45, p&lt;0.05) and final lap (t 4 =3.30, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion The significant difference in completion time and pacing strategy between the two conditions suggests that accurate, comparative performance feedback is beneficial to performance, especially during the start and end of an exercise bout. The results support the previously unfounded assumption that performance feedback is advantageous during exercise and highlights the importance of an athlete's support team during an event.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: is all-cause mortality a practical and realistic end-point for clinical trials?
Authors: Tamera Jo Corte, Nicole S Goh, Ian N Glaspole, Christopher J Zappala, Peter M Hopkins, Margaret L Wilsher
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Dear Editor,

We read with interest the article by Wells et al 1 in which the problematic selection of primary end-points for treatment studies in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients is addressed. In this document endorsed by respiratory physicians across Europe, the authors explore the implications of using all-cause mortality as a primary end-point in response to a recent statement by a working group on this topic.2 In a rather controversial statement by this working group, Raghu et al suggested that all-cause mortality and all-cause non-elective hospitalisation are the strongest and cleanest clinically meaningful end-points for use in Phase 3 clinical …
Dieulafoy's disease controlled by Doppler ultrasound endoscopic treatment.
Authors: D Jaspersen
Journal: Gut (1993)

Dieulafoy9s disease is a gastric vascular malformation, that presents clinically as acute upper intestinal haemorrhage. Emergency endoscopy is the most effective method of diagnosing the disease. Until recently surgical resection was the most usual treatment. A case is reported of Dieulafoy9s lesion with haemodynamically relevant bleeding. Successful endoscopic treatment was performed with the aid of Doppler ultrasound. A follow up of 11 months with no haemorrhaging was recorded.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Are Associated with Adiposity in Moderate to Severe CKD
Authors: Luis F. Ramos, Ayumi Shintani, T. Alp Ikizler, Jonathan Himmelfarb
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Adiposity contributes to inflammation and oxidative stress in the general population, but this association has not been examined in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. We investigated the relationship between body mass index, body fat percentage, and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress (F(2)-isoprostanes and protein thiols) in 184 patients with stages III to IV CKD and 43 healthy controls. We found that, on average, patients with CKD had 62% higher F(2)-isoprostanes, 7% lower protein thiols (a measure of endogenous anti-oxidant capacity, inversely related to protein oxidation), and 150% higher C-reactive protein levels than healthy controls (all unadjusted P < 0.001). In separate multivariable linear regression models, body mass index and body fat percentage each positively correlated with levels of F(2)-isoprostanes and C-reactive protein and negatively correlated with levels of protein thiols among patients with CKD after adjusting for age, sex, race, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, estimated glomerular filtration rate, total cholesterol, serum albumin, and study site. We conclude that increased adiposity may amplify the oxidative stress and inflammation that accompany moderate to severe CKD. Interventions focused on weight loss may decrease the inflammatory and oxidative burden in CKD, which may ultimately attenuate cardiovascular risk in this population.
Pulmonary immune cells in health and disease: the eosinophil leucocyte (Part II)
Authors: C Kroegel, JA Warner, None Virchow JC, H Matthys
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The second part of this review on eosinophils focuses on biological cell functions and surveys the various deleterious mechanisms involved in the eosinophil-dominated inflammatory reaction. It discusses the possible pathogenic role of eosinophils in several eosinophil-related diseases, such as parasitic infections, interstitial lung disorders and bronchial diseases, such as parasitic infections, interstitial lung disorders and bronchial diseases, graft rejection, vasculitic granulomatous disorders, pleural effusion, and bronchogenic tumours. The final section of the article highlights the possible recent pharmacological and future therapeutic approaches in modifying eosinophil recruitment and function.
Mitral valve repair in patients over 75 years
Authors: Eric Braunberger, Patrick Meimoun, Alain Deloche, Rochde Sayah, Jean-Pierre Marino, Sylvain Chauvaud, Jean-Paul Couëtil, Alain Berrebi, Jean-Noël Fabiani, Alain Carpentier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A survey of validity and utility of electronic patient records in a general practice
Authors: A. Hassey
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To develop methods of measuring the validity and utility of electronic patient records in general practice. <b>Design:</b> A survey of the main functional areas of a practice and use of independent criteria to measure the validity of the practice database. <b>Setting:</b> A fully computerised general practice in Skipton, north Yorkshire. <b>Subjects:</b> The records of all registered practice patients. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Validity of the main functional areas of the practice clinical system. Measures of the completeness, accuracy, validity, and utility of the morbidity data for 15 clinical diagnoses using recognised diagnostic standards to confirm diagnoses and identify further cases. Development of a method and statistical toolkit to validate clinical databases in general practice. <b>Results:</b> The practice electronic patient records were valid, complete, and accurate for prescribed items (99.7%), consultations (98.1%), laboratory tests (100%), hospital episodes (100%), and childhood immunisations (97%). The morbidity data for 15 clinical diagnoses were complete (mean sensitivity=87%) and accurate (mean positive predictive value=96%). The presence of the Read codes for the 15 diagnoses was strongly indicative of the true presence of those conditions (mean likelihood ratio=3917). New interpretations of descriptive statistics are described that can be used to estimate both the number of true cases that are unrecorded and quantify the benefits of validating a clinical database for coded entries. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study has developed a method and toolkit for measuring the validity and utility of general practice electronic patient records. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Delivering the performance management agenda in the NHS will depend on the availability of high quality information in general practice Record entries in GP systems generally consist of a mixture of text and Read coded entries Sensitivity and positive predictive value have been used to measure the completeness and accuracy of data recording in electronic patient record systems <h3>What this study adds</h3> This study has developed a standard method and toolkit for measuring the validity and utility of electronic patient record systems The principal innovation in this study is to consider the Read codes in the records as tests for the true presence of the associated diagnoses This study has developed a new approach to the validation of electronic patient record systems.
The Leukotriene B4 Receptor Antagonist ONO-4057 Inhibits Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis in WKY Rats
Authors: SATORU SUZUKI, TAKESHI KURODA, JUN-ICHIROU KAZAMA, NAOFUMI IMAI, HIDEKI KIMURA, MASAAKI ARAKAWA, FUMITAKE GEJYO
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. To evaluate the role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in glomerulonephritis, this study was conducted to examine whether ONO-4057, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, moderated nephritis caused by the injection of nephrotoxic serum (NTS) into Wistar-Kyoto rats. Rats were given intraperitoneal injections of ONO-4057 or phosphate-buffered saline 24 h before the injection of NTS. These rats subsequently received equal doses of ONO-4057 or phosphate-buffered saline 3 h and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 d later. Compared with the control groups, ONO-4057 treatment significantly reduced proteinuria and hematuria, suppressed the glomerular accumulation of monocytes/macrophages, and reduced the formation of crescentic glomeruli in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that LTB4 is responsible for the crescentic formations and renal dysfunction associated with NTS nephritis. The LTB4 receptor antagonist ONO-4057 may thus be beneficial in the treatment of crescentic glomerulonephritis.
Randomized Exercise Trial of Aromatase Inhibitor–Induced Arthralgia in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Melinda L. Irwin, Brenda Cartmel, Cary P. Gross, Elizabeth Ercolano, Fangyong Li, Xiaopan Yao, Martha Fiellin, Scott Capozza, Marianna Rothbard, Yang Zhou, Maura Harrigan, Tara Sanft, Kathryn Schmitz, Tuhina Neogi, Dawn Hershman, Jennifer Ligibel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Arthralgia occurs in up to 50% of breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and is the most common reason for poor AI adherence. We conducted, in 121 breast cancer survivors receiving an AI and reporting arthralgia, a yearlong randomized trial of the impact of exercise versus usual care on arthralgia severity.Eligibility criteria included receiving an AI for at least 6 months, reporting ≥ 3 of 10 for worst joint pain on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and reporting < 90 minutes per week of aerobic exercise and no strength training. Participants were randomly assigned to exercise (150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise and supervised strength training twice per week) or usual care. The BPI, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire were completed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Intervention effects were evaluated using mixed-model repeated measures analysis, with change at 12 months as the primary end point.Over 12 months, women randomly assigned to exercise (n = 61) attended 70% (± standard deviation [SD], 28%) of resistance training sessions and increased their exercise by 159 (± SD, 136) minutes per week. Worst joint pain scores decreased by 1.6 points (29%) at 12 months among women randomly assigned to exercise versus a 0.2-point increase (3%) among those receiving usual care (n = 60; P < .001). Pain severity and interference, as well as DASH and WOMAC pain scores, also decreased significantly at 12 months in women randomly assigned to exercise, compared with increases for those receiving usual care (all P < .001).Exercise led to improvement in AI-induced arthralgia in previously inactive breast cancer survivors.
A Multinational Comparison of Complications Assessment in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Michael G. Walsh, Janice Zgibor, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Trevor J. Orchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To describe the global geographic variation of micro- and macrovascular complications in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes assessed by both reported and measured disease and risk factors and relate any such variation to diabetes control and health care activities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The DiaComp study is a multinational (17 countries) cross-sectional study of complications in type 1 diabetes and is comprised of two levels (level 1 includes survey only and level 2 includes survey plus examination). This report concerns level 2, representing 12 countries (n = 892). All participants were diagnosed at &amp;lt;15 years of age and had a diabetes duration of 5–24 years when surveyed. All complications were assessed by self-report and for microalbuminuria by Micral II dipstick, neuropathy by the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument exam, and hypertension using the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) protocol. HbA1c was determined by using the DCA analyzer. RESULTS—A wide variation in neuropathy, reported renal disease/proteinuria, and hypertension among those of short diabetes duration was noted, with central Europe (Romania and Lithuania) standing out for both self-reported renal disease and measured microalbuminuria and for both self-reported and examined neuropathy. The Caribbean (Puerto Rico) also had high rates of microalbuminuria and examined neuropathy. For those of long duration, variation was more moderate. We found generally good agreement between the reported and clinically determined measures for neuropathy (r = 0.5, P = 0.01) and hypertension (r = 0.61, P = 0.001) as demonstrated by the high overall correlation between examination and self-report for these two complications. However, the agreement between examination and self-report for renal disease/proteinuria was less, with low overall correlation (r = −0.05, P = 0.86) and incongruous centers (Slovakia and Finland). Geographic variation in prevalence was not consistently explained for all complications, even with strong independent prediction by systolic blood pressure, although the variation in microalbuminuria was largely accounted for by self-monitored blood glucose, which was significantly protective. CONCLUSIONS—This report has identified wide variation and geographic patterns in complication prevalence, with a further indication that self-report is generally in agreement with examined prevalence, though less for renal disease/proteinuria. However, this level of DiaComp, with more complete assessment of risk factors and health care practice, was still not able to completely explain the variation in complication prevalence, except for microalbuminuria.
Muc5ac: a critical component mediating the rejection of enteric nematodes
Authors: Sumaira Z. Hasnain, Christopher M. Evans, Michelle Roy, Amanda L. Gallagher, Kristen N. Kindrachuk, Luke Barron, Burton F. Dickey, Mark S. Wilson, Thomas A. Wynn, Richard K. Grencis, David J. Thornton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

De novo expression of Muc5ac, a mucin not normally expressed in the intestinal tract, is induced in the cecum of mice resistant to Trichuris muris infection. In this study, we investigated the role of Muc5ac, which is detected shortly before worm expulsion and is associated with the production of interleukin-13 (IL-13), in resistance to this nematode. Muc5ac-deficient mice were incapable of expelling T. muris from the intestine and harbored long-term chronic infections, despite developing strong T(H)2 responses. Muc5ac-deficient mice had elevated levels of IL-13 and, surprisingly, an increase in the T(H)1 cytokine IFN-γ. Because T(H)1 inflammation is thought to favor chronic nematode infection, IFN-γ was neutralized in vivo, resulting in an even stronger T(H)2-type immune response. Nevertheless, despite a more robust T(H)2 effector response, the Muc5ac-deficient mice remained highly susceptible to chronic T. muris infection. Importantly, human MUC5AC had a direct detrimental effect on nematode vitality. Moreover, the absence of Muc5ac caused a significant delay in the expulsion of two other gut-dwelling nematodes (Trichinella spiralis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis). Thus, for the first time, we identify a single mucin, Muc5ac, as a direct and critical mediator of resistance during intestinal nematode infection.
Short term outcomes of the first round of a pilot colorectal cancer screening programme with guaiac based faecal occult blood test
Authors: B. Denis, M. Ruetsch, P. Strentz, J. Y. Vogel, F. Guth, J. M. Boyaval, X. Pagnon, J. F. Ebelin, I. Gendre, P. Perrin
Journal: Gut (2007)

Amphotericin B (AmB) has been in clinical use for more than 30 yr but has remained the most effective drug for treatment of serious fungal infections. Its use has increased in recent years, as the result of increases in aggressive intensive care support and increased numbers of immunocompromised patients. Nephrotoxic manifestations are common, and this is the major factor limiting the clinical use of the drug. A number of recent studies have contributed to a better understanding of the mechanism by which AmB exerts its nephrotoxic effect. AmB alters cell membrane permeability and probably as a consequence alters tubular and vascular smooth muscle cell function, leading to various tubular transport defects and vasoconstriction. Decreased RBF appears to play a major role in AmB-induced reduction GFR, and recurrent ischemia may be the basis of permanent structural nephrotoxic effects. Salt loading is the only measure proven by controlled prospective study to ameliorate AmB nephrotoxicity in humans. Liposomal AmB and the formulation of an emulsion of AmB in lipid may provide a protective effect based on altering the affinity of AmB for mammalian cell membranes, while preserving high efficacy against fungal cells. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these new AmB formulations.
Herpes Zoster: Adenosine Monophosphate for the Prevention of Post-Neuralgia
Authors: S. Harvey Sklar
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the March 8 issue ofThe Journal, our article, "Herpes Zoster: The Treatment and Prevention of Neuralgia With Adenosine Monophosphate,"<sup>1</sup>published together with an editorial by Sherlock and Corey,<sup>2</sup>in which they suggest "a large dose of caution." We agree that there is a need for additional investigations, especially for testing in an expanded patient population, pharmacokinetic evaluations, and in vitro and animal studies pertaining to the efficacy and mechanism of action of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) against the herpesviruses. In fact, we suggested the need for future studies in our article. We strongly believe, however, that there is no evidence to promote "concerns about the potential toxic effects of AMP in humans." Sherlock and Corey based much of their concern on reports of in vitro cellular (not human) toxicity of adenosine (not AMP). Adenosine monophosphate is a naturally occurring metabolite, not an analogue drug
Saturated Fatty Acid and TLR Signaling Link β Cell Dysfunction and Islet Inflammation
Authors: Kosei Eguchi, Ichiro Manabe, Yumiko Oishi-Tanaka, Mitsuru Ohsugi, Nozomu Kono, Fusa Ogata, Nobuhiro Yagi, Umeharu Ohto, Masao Kimoto, Kensuke Miyake, Kazuyuki Tobe, Hiroyuki Arai, Takashi Kadowaki, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Intra-uterine tissue engineering of full-thickness skin defects in a fetal sheep model
Authors: Nynke A. Hosper, Alex J. Eggink, Luc A.J. Roelofs, Rene M.H. Wijnen, Marja J.A. van Luyn, Ruud A. Bank, Martin C. Harmsen, Paul J. Geutjes, Willeke F. Daamen, Toin H. van Kuppevelt, Dorien M. Tiemessen, Egbert Oosterwijk, Jane J. Crevels, Willeke A.M. Blokx, Fred K. Lotgering, Paul P. van den Berg, Wout F.J. Feitz
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Small Heterodimer Partner Blocks Cardiac Hypertrophy by Interfering With GATA6 Signaling
Authors: Yoon Seok Nam, Yoojung Kim, Hosouk Joung, Duk-Hwa Kwon, Nakwon Choe, Hyun-Ki Min, Yong Sook Kim, Hyung-Seok Kim, Don-Kyu Kim, Young Kuk Cho, Yong-Hoon Kim, Kwang-Il Nam, Hyoung Chul Choi, Dong Ho Park, Kyoungho Suk, In-Kyu Lee, Youngkeun Ahn, Chul-Ho Lee, Hueng-Sik Choi, Gwang Hyeon Eom, Hyun Kook
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Rationale : Small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) is an atypical orphan nuclear receptor that lacks a conventional DNA-binding domain. Through interactions with other transcription factors, SHP regulates diverse biological events, including glucose metabolism in liver. However, the role of SHP in adult heart diseases has not yet been demonstrated. Objective : We aimed to investigate the role of SHP in adult heart in association with cardiac hypertrophy. Methods and Results : The roles of SHP in cardiac hypertrophy were tested in primary cultured cardiomyocytes and in animal models. SHP-null mice showed a hypertrophic phenotype. Hypertrophic stresses repressed the expression of SHP, whereas forced expression of SHP blocked the development of hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. SHP reduced the protein amount of Gata6 and, by direct physical interaction with Gata6, interfered with the binding of Gata6 to GATA-binding elements in the promoter regions of natriuretic peptide precursor type A. Metformin, an antidiabetic agent, induced SHP and suppressed cardiac hypertrophy. The metformin-induced antihypertrophic effect was attenuated either by SHP small interfering RNA in cardiomyocytes or in SHP-null mice. Conclusions : These results establish SHP as a novel antihypertrophic regulator that acts by interfering with GATA6 signaling. SHP may participate in the metformin-induced antihypertrophic response.
Assessing physiological responses to training in young children.
Authors: R J Shephard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

Health professionals are currently concerned about what seem to be low levels of habitual activity and poor aerobic fitness among young children in developed countries.''There are claims that many youngsters already show not only major cardiac risk factors, but also overt coronary vascular and hypertensive disease.4However, the ability of prepubescent children to respond to aerobic training remains controversial."'0Those who find little or no response argued that the prepubescent child is naturally active,6 1' or that there is a threshold age of maturation" below which training cannot be initiated successfully.The issue has important implications for the allocation of resources to school physical education programmes."If young children cannot be trained, then there may be reason to reorient programmes of health promotion and physical education.However, before we accept the con- cept of a lack of trainability in preadolescent children, it is important to exclude technical explanations of this finding, including limita- tions in the selection of subjects, the choice of conditioning programmes and the methods used to assess their effectiveness.