tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors in Northern Plains and Southwest American Indians
Authors: Kaìmi A. Sinclair, Andy Bogart, Dedra Buchwald, Jeffrey A. Henderson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome by age, sex, and diabetes status in Northern Plains and Southwest American Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data for this analysis came from the Education and Research Toward Health (EARTH) study, a 5-year cross-sectional study of Southwest and Northern Plains American Indian adults. The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) guidelines were used to identify adults with metabolic syndrome. RESULTS The age-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 49.8% among 4,457 participants aged 18–88 years. Age-adjusted prevalence was 42.4% for participants without diabetes and 86.6% for participants with diabetes. In participants aged &amp;lt;40 years, the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 53.1%; 44.9% after excluding individuals with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Northern Plains and Southwest American Indians of all ages.
Action of polymeric prodrugs based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide copolymers. II. Body distribution and T-cell accumulation of free and polymer-bound [125i]daunomycin
Authors: B. Říhová, K. Vereš, L Forn.usek, K. Ulbrich, J. Strohalm, V. Větvička, M. Bilej, J. Kopeček
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1989)
Multicenter Validation Study of the Sentinel Lymph Node Concept in Cervical Cancer: AGO Study Group
Authors: Christopher Altgassen, Hermann Hertel, Antje Brandstädt, Christhardt Köhler, Matthias Dürst, Achim Schneider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Single-institution case series have demonstrated the feasibility of the sentinel concept in cervical cancer. However, the diagnostic accuracy remains to be validated. We evaluated detection rate and diagnostic accuracy to predict the histopathologic pelvic nodal status in patients with cervical cancer of all stages.In a hypothesis-based, prospective, multicenter cohort study, patients underwent lymph node detection after labeling with technetium, patent blue, or both. After systematic pelvic and, if indicated, para-aortic node dissection, all lymph nodes were histopathologically examined. Detection rate, sensitivity, and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.According to the protocol, 590 patients were eligible. Detection rate of pelvic sentinel nodes was 88.6% (95% CI, 85.8% to 91.1%) and was significantly higher for the combination of technetium and patent blue (93.5%; 95% CI, 90.3% to 96.0%). Of 106 patients with pelvic lymph node metastases, 82 had pelvic sentinel node metastases. The overall sensitivity was 77.4% (95% CI, 68.2% to 85.0%), which was lower than 90%, the predefined noninferiority margin (P < .001). Sensitivity in women with tumors <or= 20 mm (90.9%), with bilateral detection (87.2%), or with both substances applied (80.3%) was higher compared with the total population. The overall NPV was 94.3% (95% CI, 91.6% to 96.4%) and was higher in patients with tumors <or= 20 mm (99.1%; 95% CI, 96.6% to 100%) compared with patients with tumors more than 20 mm (88.5%; 95% CI, 82.9% to 92.8%; P < .001).In our cohort (all stages), sensitivity of the sentinel concept was low. However, patients with tumor diameter <or= 20 mm may profit from this concept.
Decreased cerebrovascular response to CO<sub>2</sub>in post-menopausal females with COPD: role of oxidative stress
Authors: Sara E. Hartmann, Vincent Pialoux, Richard Leigh, Marc J. Poulin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with cerebrovascular abnormalities and an overproduction of reactive oxygen species. We hypothesised that COPD patients have oxidant-related cerebrovascular dysfunction. Our main objective was to evaluate cerebrovascular reactivity and its relationship with oxidative stress in females with COPD. We studied eight females with moderate COPD and 10 healthy female control subjects of similar age. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound assessed cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity during hypercapnia. Plasma was assessed at rest for DNA oxidation, advanced oxidation protein products, lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine, antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and end-products of nitric oxide metabolism. Moderate COPD patients showed decreased cerebrovascular sensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (COPD 1.17±0.54 versus control 2.15±0.73 cm·s −1 ·mmHg −1 ; p&lt;0.01). COPD patients had higher levels of DNA and lipid oxidation, advanced oxidation protein products and higher glutathione peroxidase activity (p&lt;0.05). Controlling for measures of oxidative stress (DNA and lipid oxidation, and advanced oxidation protein product) eliminates statistically significant differences between the COPD and control groups in the CBF sensitivity to CO 2 . Females with moderate COPD were found to have cerebrovascular dysfunction. Our results suggest that increased levels of systemic oxidative stress may have implications in the cerebrovascular dysfunction observed during hypercapnia in COPD.
Adult onset Still's disease: clinical experience with 18 patients over 15 years in northern India.
Authors: P Bambery, R.J Thomas, H.S Malhotra, U Kaur, S.R Bhusnurmath, S.D Deodhar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Over a 15 year period 18 patients (eight men, 10 women), 16-50 years old, were diagnosed as having adult onset Still's disease. Fever and arthralgia were always present but prominent lymphadenopathy was uncommon and the serosa were rarely affected. The typical rash of this disease was observed in nine patients. Several complications, including deforming arthritis, amyloidosis, granulomatous hepatitis, uveitis, scleritis, cutaneous vasculitis, and cardiomyopathy, were observed during follow up. Two patients were affected by a nosocomial infection during immunosuppressive treatment for uncontrolled disease. There were no characteristic features at necropsy. Ten patients had a monocyclic course that responded well to aspirin and indomethacin, whereas eight had a polycyclic pattern which invariably required treatment with corticosteroids. Serious complications developed exclusively in the latter group. This group of patients requires early, intensive disease modifying treatment.
Can Choline PET Tackle the Challenge of Imaging Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Hossein Jadvar
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

Positron emission tompography with radiolabeled (with 11C- or 18F-) choline has received much attention, particularly in Europe and Japan, over the past several years. While monitoring cellular membrane lipogenesis with radiolabeled choline is nonspecific for cancer, the malignancy-induced increased demand for cellular membrane synthesis can be a useful feature for imaging-based diagnosis and treatment evaluation. Many choline PET(/CT) studies have focused on prostate cancer given that 18F-flurodeoxyglucose appears to be primarily useful in progressive metastatic disease and is overall limited in the initial staging of disease or for evaluation of men with biochemical recurrence. The current evidence suggests that choline PET(/CT), particularly the 18F- label, may become routinely available, initially in many European countries, for the clinical imaging evaluation of men with prostate cancer.
Biochemical Assay of Alzheimer's Disease—Associated Protein(s) in Human Brain Tissue
Authors: H A Ghanbari, B E Miller, H J Haigler, M Arato, G Bissette, P Davies, C B Nemeroff, E K Perry, R Perry, R Ravid
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The concentration of Alzheimer's disease-associated protein (ADAP) was measured in postmortem brain tissue samples of temporal or frontal cortex from 111 human brains using a sandwich immunoassay. Alzheimer's disease-associated protein has three major ALZ-50-reactive subunits, including A-68. This assay utilizes ALZ-50 and a rabbit antibody raised against a highly ADAP-enriched brain protein fraction. The frequently observed cross-reactivity of ALZ-50 with normal brain components in direct immunoassays is minimized by this configuration. There were 27 normal controls, 28 neurologic disease controls, and 56 Alzheimer's disease cases. The normal control and neurologic disease control cases had essentially no detectable level of ADAP, while ADAP was clearly detected in 85.7% of the Alzheimer's disease cases. Clinical dementia, neuritic plaques, and old age per se are not correlated with increased ADAP levels. This biochemical assay of ADAP may prove to be helpful as an adjunct in the clinicopathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Method for manipulating peak flow measurements producing falsely raised readings
Authors: S Ross
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Methods by which patients can artificially produce raised peak flow measurements have been described.We recently observed a patient manipulating the peak flow meter in a way that had not been described before.A study was therefore undertaken to determine if this technique could repeatedly produce clinically significant changes in peak flow readings.Fifteen adults, using a mini-Wright peak flow meter, made five measurements using the correct technique followed by five manipulated measurements under observation.Significant increases in peak flow measurements were observed in 14 of the 15 subjects.The mean increase in peak flow rate using the incorrect technique was 56% (range -4% to 86%).Clinicians should be aware that patients might employ this technique to manipulate measurements which could have consequences for management.
Tumor Cell Radiosensitivity Is a Major Determinant of Tumor Response to Radiation
Authors: Leo E. Gerweck, Shashirekha Vijayappa, Akihiro Kurimasa, Kazuhiko Ogawa, David J. Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Substantial evidence suggests that the radiosensitivity of the tumor cells is the primary determinant of tumor response to radiation. More recent studies suggest that tumor stroma radiosensitivity is the principle determinant of response. To assess the relationship between intrinsic tumor cell radiosensitivity and tumor response, we altered the intrinsic radiosensitivity of a cloned tumor cell line and analyzed the effect of this alteration on tumor response. A cloned tumor cell line derived from DNA double-strand break repair–deficient severe combined immunodeficient mice was transfected with the double-strand break repair gene DNA-PKcs. The intrinsic radiosensitivity of the transfected tumor line was decreased by a factor of ∼1.5. The isogenic lines were used to initiate tumors in NCr-nu/nu mice. When transplanted in the same strain of mice and exposed to the same dose of radiation, the isogenic tumors may be expected to exhibit a similar response to radiation if radiation damage to host stroma is the principle determinant of response. This was not observed. Over the dose range of 20 Gy in four 5-Gy fractions to a single dose of 30 Gy, the 1.5-fold increase in intrinsic tumor cell radioresistance conferred by the introduction of DNA-PKcs caused a 1.5-fold decrease in tumor growth delay. The results show that the intrinsic radiosensitivity of tumor cells is a major determinant of tumor response to radiation. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8352-5)
Intranephron Distribution and Regulation of Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 in Cyclosporin A-Induced Acute Renal Failure in Rats
Authors: YUSHI NAKAYAMA, HIROSHI NONOGUCHI, SHIGERU KIYAMA, MIKA IKEBE, YUKA TASHIMA, KOHEI SHIMADA, KAZUHIKO TANZAWA, KIMIO TOMITA
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is thought to play a significant role in acute renal failure induced by cyclosporin A (CsA). The cDNA sequence encoding endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), which produces the active form of ET-1 from big ET-1, was recently reported. To elicit the role of ECE-1 in the glomerular and tubular dysfunction induced by CsA, the effects of CsA on mRNA and protein expression of ECE-1 in rat kidney and on mRNA expression of prepro-ET-1 and ET A- and B-type receptors in glomeruli were studied. ECE-1 mRNA was detected in glomeruli and in whole nephron segments. ECE-1 mRNA expression was downregulated in all nephron segments at 24 h after CsA injection. Protein levels were also downregulated in glomeruli and in the outer and inner medulla. CsA rapidly increased prepro-ET-1 mRNA expression in glomeruli at 30 to 60 min after injection; this rapid increase was followed by an increase in plasma ET-1 levels. These increases were followed by decreased expression of ECE-1, ET A-type receptor, and ET B-type receptor mRNA at 6 h after injection, and serum creatinine levels were increased at 24 h after CsA injection. It is suggested that downregulation of glomerular and tubular ECE-1 expression may be caused by increased ET-1 synthesis in CsA-induced acute renal failure.
Implications of Phytoestrogen Intake for Breast Cancer
Authors: C. Duffy, K. Perez, A. Partridge
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2007)

Phytoestrogens are a group of plant-derived substances that are structurally or functionally similar to estradiol. Interest in phytoestrogens has been fueled by epidemiologic data that suggest a decreased risk of breast cancer in women from countries with high phytoestrogen consumption. Women with a history of breast cancer may seek out these "natural" hormones in the belief that they are safe or perhaps even protective against recurrence. Interpretation of research studies regarding phytoestrogen intake and breast cancer risk is hampered by differences in dietary measurement, lack of standardization of supplemental sources, differences in metabolism amongst individuals, and the retrospective nature of much of the research in this area. Data regarding the role of phytoestrogens in breast cancer prevention is conflicting, but suggest early exposure in childhood or early adolescence may be protective. In several placebo-controlled randomized trials among breast cancer survivors, soy has not been found to decrease menopausal symptoms. There is very little human data on the role of phytoestrogens in preventing breast cancer recurrence, but the few studies conducted do not support a protective role. There is in vivo animal data suggesting the phytoestrogen genistein may interfere with the inhibitive effects of tamoxifen on breast cancer cell growth.
Contrasting genetic architectures of schizophrenia and other complex diseases using fast variance-components analysis
Authors: Po-Ru Loh, Gaurav Bhatia, Alexander Gusev, Hilary K Finucane, Brendan K Bulik-Sullivan, Samuela J Pollack, Teresa R de Candia, Sang Hong Lee, Naomi R Wray, Kenneth S Kendler, Michael C O'Donovan, Benjamin M Neale, Nick Patterson, Alkes L Price
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Adenosine A<sub>2B</sub>Receptor Deficiency Promotes Host Defenses against Gram-Negative Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Kathryn E. Barletta, R. Elaine Cagnina, Marie D. Burdick, Joel Linden, Borna Mehrad
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Activation of the adenosine A(2B) receptor (A(2B)R) promotes antiinflammatory effects in diverse biological settings, but the role of this receptor in antimicrobial host defense in the lung has not been established. Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia is a common and serious illness associated with high morbidity and mortality, the treatment of which is complicated by increasing rates of antibiotic resistance.
O-Glycosylation Regulates LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cell Susceptibility to Apoptosis Induced by Galectin-1
Authors: Hector F. Valenzuela, Karen E. Pace, Paula V. Cabrera, Rachel White, Katja Porvari, Helena Kaija, Pirkko Vihko, Linda G. Baum
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Resistance to apoptosis is a critical feature of neoplastic cells. Galectin-1 is an endogenous carbohydrate-binding protein that induces death of leukemia and lymphoma cells, breast cancer cells, and the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line, but not other prostate cancer cell lines. To understand the mechanism of galectin-1 sensitivity of LNCaP cells compared with other prostate cancer cells, we characterized glycan ligands that are important for conferring galectin-1 sensitivity in these cells, and analyzed expression of glycosyltransferase genes in galectin-1–sensitive, prostate-specific antigen–positive (PSA+) LNCaP cells compared with a galectin-1–resistant PSA− LNCaP subclone. We identified one glycosyltransferase, core 2 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, which is down-regulated in galectin-1–resistant PSA− LNCaP cells compared with galectin-1–sensitive PSA+ LNCaP cells. Intriguingly, this is the same glycosyltransferase required for galectin-1 susceptibility of T lymphoma cells, indicating that similar O-glycan ligands on different polypeptide backbones may be common death trigger receptors recognized by galectin-1 on different types of cancer cells. Blocking O-glycan elongation by expressing α2,3-sialyltransferase 1 rendered LNCaP cells resistant to galectin-1, showing that specific O-glycans are critical for galectin-1 susceptibility. Loss of galectin-1 susceptibility and synthesis of endogenous galectin-1 has been proposed to promote tumor evasion of immune attack; we found that galectin-1–expressing prostate cancer cells killed bound T cells, whereas LNCaP cells that do not express galectin-1 did not kill T cells. Resistance to galectin-1–induced apoptosis may directly contribute to the survival of prostate cancer cells as well as promote immune evasion by the tumor. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6155–62]
Prevalence and predictors of positional sleep apnea in the general population
Authors: Sopharat Vat, Jose Haba-Rubio, Daniela Andries, Nadia Tobback, Mehdi Tafti, Raphaël Heinzer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Some patients have a predominance of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the supine position (POSA). Identifying patients presenting OSA exclusively in the supine position (POSA excl ) could help selecting candidates for a positional therapy.   Objectives:  To determine the prevalence and predictors of OSA, POSA and POSA excl  in the general population.   Method : 2020 subjects (50.0% women, 57.3 ± 10.7 years old, BMI 25.5 ± 4.3 kg/m 2 ) participating in an ongoing population-based sleep cohort study (HypnoLaus, Lausanne, Switzerland) underwent complete polysomnographic recordings at home. Respiratory events were scored according to the AASM Chicago criteria. POSA was defined as ≥ 50% reduction in AHI from the supine to the non-supine position. POSA excl  was present if AHI returned to normal (   Results : Overall, 73.5% had an AHI ≥5/h. Among these, 73.3% had POSA and 35.7% had POSAexcl. Male to female ratio for OSA, POSA and POSA excl  was 1.35, 0.98 and 0.72 respectively. The main predictors for POSA and POSA excl  were a lower total AHI (p excl  (p excl .   Conclusions : A third of the OSA subjects in our population had POSA excl . A male predominance was observed in OSA but female have more POSA and POSA excl . Individuals with a lower BMI, AHI and neck size (for postmenopausal women) as well as higher waist-hip ratio (for men) are more likely to have POSA and POSA excl .
A randomized trial of amantadine and interferon versus interferon alone as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Alessandra Mangia, Nicola Minerva, Mauro Annese, Gioacchino Leandro, Maria Rosaria Villani, Rosanna Santoro, Vito Carretta, Donato Bacca, Antonio Giangaspero, Michele Bisceglia, Francesco Ventrella, G. Dell'Erba, Angelo Andriulli
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The aim of this study was to compare, in an open–label study, the efficacy and safety of a combination of interferon (IFN) and amantadine (AMA) with that of IFN alone in previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. A total of 200 patients were randomized to 6 MU of IFN–α2a 3 times per week, with 200 mg of AMA daily (n = 99) or to an identical dose of interferon α2a (n = 101). Patients were treated for 12 months and observed for 6 months' posttreatment. At the completion of treatment, 28.7% of patients in the monotherapy group and 45.5% in the combination group had a virologic response ( P = .014). At 6 months' posttreatment, a sustained virologic response was observed in 16.8% (95% CI: 9–23) of patients with IFN alone versus 29.3% (95% CI: 19–37) of patients who were treated with combination therapy ( P = .036). In each of the 2 treatments, genotype was the only predictive parameter for a sustained response. At the logistic regression analysis, therapy and genotype were the only 2 parameters with an independent predictive value. In the combination group, at examination of month 3, hepatitis C virus (HCV)–RNA status had a 97.6% (95% CI: 93–102) positive predictive value and a 50% (95% CI: 37–63) negative predictive value for a sustained virologic clearance. A substantial proportion of naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C have an end–of–treatment and end–of–follow–up virologic and biochemical response to a combination of IFN and AMA. This new treatment appears safe and well tolerated. (Hepatology 2001;33:989–993.)
Dobutamine-Precipitated Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Mimicking Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Aníbal M. Arias, Pablo F. Oberti, Rodolfo Pizarro, Mariano L. Falconi, Diego Pérez de Arenaza, Susana Zeffiro, Arturo M. Cagide
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Increased bronchial responsiveness in workers sawing Scots pine.
Authors: P O Malmberg, A Rask-Andersen, K A Larsson , N Stjernberg, B M Sundblad, K Eriksson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The purpose of the present investigation was to study bronchial responsiveness and pulmonary function in Swedish sawmill workers, who are not exposed to plicatic acid, the sensitizer in red wood cedar asthma. Bronchial responsiveness, transfer factor, spirometry, and precipitating antibodies in serum against sawmill fungi were measured in 164 workers at five sawmills. The results from workers inside the sawing area (sawyers, n=59), in the trimming department (trimmers, n=66), and from other workers in the sawmill (sawyer-referents, n=39) were compared. Sawyers had higher bronchial responsiveness than referents. In 55% of the sawyers FEV1 decreased by 20% or more within the highest dose of methacholine compared with 31% of sawyer-referents and 41% of trimmers (p<0.01, sawyers/referents). Sawyers decreased 74% more in FEV1 per milligram of inhaled methacholine compared with referents (geometric means, p<0.01). The transfer test in never-smokers was 13% lower in sawyers than in trimmers (p<0.01) and 8% lower compared with sawyer-referents (nonsignificant p<0.1). Presence of precipitating antibodies was not associated with changes in pulmonary function. Some agents in the sawing area of sawmills appear to increase bronchial responsiveness and decrease diffusion capacity.
Does rational analysis stand up to rational analysis?
Authors: Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract I agree with Oaksford &amp; Chater (O&amp;C) that human beings resemble Bayesian reasoners much more closely than ones engaging standard logic. However, I have many problems with their “rational analysis” framework, which appears to be rooted in normative rather than ecological rationality. The authors also overstate everyday rationality and neglect to account for much relevant psychological work on reasoning.