tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOTOMIMETIC DRUGS AND BRAIN BIOGENIC AMINES
Authors: DANIEL X. FREEDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

These studies would indicate that the endogenous brain amines are responsive not only to LSD-25 and psychoactive congeners but also to some factor or factors of intense stress. If so, this would provide some biological link between psychoactive drugs, their effects upon amine metabolism and conditions which give rise to the need for such drugs. Perhaps, if endogenous amine mechanisms are chemically or genetically impaired, this could be reflected in altered psychophysiologic function in the face of excessive activation or demand. These studies refer largely to changes in the rat brain. If we are not to anthropomorphize the rat nor "rodentomorphize" man, our speculation must be limited. Within the rat some psychotomimetic drugs show a pattern of effects on biogenic amines and vice versa. There are little data for the rat which firmly link rates of binding and release within a specific animal with specific patterns of physiological or behavioral response. With respect to psychophysiological effects, these changes in amine levels could conceivably reflect an incidental rather than a necessary and sufficient response to the drug. Differential effects of drugs on amine levels are reliably observed, but for other than time of onset, the changes in levels have not been linked with the pattern of effects. We do not know if the similarity in pattern of amine response to certain stressors and to psychotomimetic drugs reflects similarities in mechanism. Thus, 8 years after Woolley's hypothesis, a relationship of LSD-25 to central amines and certain correlations of amines with autonomic and psychomotor function in the rat and in man can be demonstrated. The mechanisms accountable for these facts and their specific relationship to disturbed patterns of function have not been unraveled, even in the rat.
Gut's golden anniversary and a new Editor-in-Chief
Authors: E. El-Omar
Journal: Gut (2010)

It is with a great sense of pride, honour and humility that I take up the position of Editor-in-Chief of Gut . What heightens this sense of pride is that 1 March is the 50th anniversary of Gut . I am honoured to be involved with such a significant institution, one which has been led over the years by the icons of our beloved speciality. As an aspiring young gastroenterologist, I remember having my very first paper published in Gut and feeling so proud. It is my great privilege now to steer this journal towards higher achievement and impact. I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank my friend and colleague Robin Spiller who has served the journal admirably over the past 7 years. I have been privileged to work with and learn from him. His astute leadership has ensured that the journal enjoyed its most successful period ever. He hands the journal to me in perfect working order and with the foundations of continued success fully established. On behalf of all the Associate Editors, editorial board members, journal staff and the wider gastroenterology community I would like to convey our gratitude and thanks to him.

Gut is a truly international journal. Having started …
Clinical, functional, and genetic characterization of chronic granulomatous disease in 89 Turkish patients
Authors: Mustafa Yavuz Köker, Yıldız Camcıoğlu, Karin van Leeuwen, Sara Şebnem Kılıç, Işıl Barlan, Mustafa Yılmaz, Ayşe Metin, Martin de Boer, Hüseyin Avcılar, Türkan Patıroğlu, Alişan Yıldıran, Olcay Yeğin, İlhan Tezcan, Özden Sanal, Dirk Roos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
21st-Century Hazards of Smoking and Benefits of Cessation in the United States
Authors: Prabhat Jha, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, Victoria Landsman, Brian Rostron, Michael Thun, Robert N. Anderson, Tim McAfee, Richard Peto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Extrapolation from studies in the 1980s suggests that smoking causes 25% of deaths among women and men 35 to 69 years of age in the United States. Nationally representative measurements of the current risks of smoking and the benefits of cessation at various ages are unavailable.
IL-4Ra, IL-13 and IL-10 Polymorphisms in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: A.P. Knutsen, B. Kariuki, M.R. Shah
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)

RATIONALE: ABPA is a Th2 hypersensitivity lung disease resulting from bronchial colonization by Aspergillus fumigatus in asthmatic and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Previously, we reported HLA-DR2/DR5 restriction in ABPA patients. We hypothesized that other genetic risks predispose these patients to develop ABPA. METHODS: DNA was extracted from cultures of B-cell lines of 40 ABPA and 56 non-ABPA patients and sequenced for IL-4Ra polymorphisms, including 1 extracellular (ile75val) and 4 cytoplasmic (glu400ala, cys431arg, ser503pro, and gln576arg) SNPs. IL-13 arg110gln IL-13 SNP and genotypes of the IL-10 promoter -1082GA were determined. IL-4 stimulated PBL from ABPA and control subjects were examined for the expression of CD23 on B cells by flow cytometry. HLA-DR genotyping was performed using standards techniques. RESULTS: IL-4Ra single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were present in 95% of ABPA patients with the ile75val present in 80%. The IL-13 arg110gln SNP was present in 53% of patients, and the ile75val/arg110gln SNPs were present in 42% of ABPA patients. The IL-10 -1082GG genotype was present in 50%, GA genotypes in 43% and AA genotype in 7%. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of IL-4Ra SNPs, particularly ile75val allele located within the IL-4 binding region may confer susceptibility to developing ABPA. In addition, the IL-13 arg110gln SNP and IL-10 GG and GA genotypes may confer additional susceptibility. Thus, In addition to HLA-DR2 and DR5 restriction, IL-4Ra, IL-13 and IL-10 polymorphisms may predispose asthmatic and CF patients to develop ABPA.
Dialysis unit and patient characteristics associated with reuse practices and mortality
Authors: A J Collins, J Z Ma, E G Constantini, S E Everson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

The diverse patient and dialysis unit characteristics in the United States pose challenges for assessing the safety and efficacy of reuse practices. A 10% random sample of period-prevalent hemodialysis patients from units practicing conventional dialysis (<25% of patients with high-efficiency/high-flux dialysis) were analyzed. The data included 13,926 patient observations in 1989-1990 and 20,422 in 1991-1993. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Care Financing Administration facility survey Medicare data were analyzed with a Cox regression model, evaluating the risk of reuse compared with no reuse and adjusting for comorbidity, unit characteristics, and profit status. In 1989-1990, freestanding and hospital-based units that did not reuse dialyzers were not significantly different from each other in mortality rates. In 1991-1993, however, no-reuse, freestanding, for-profit units had higher risks (relative risk [RR] = 1.23, P = 0.003) compared with no-reuse, hospital-based, nonprofit units. No-reuse, hospital-based, for-profit units, in contrast, were associated with a lower mortality risk (RR = 0.70, P = 0.0001). An isolated higher risk associated with peracetic acid manual reuse in freestanding units (1989-1990) was identified in for-profit units only. In the 1991-1993 period, an increased mortality risk was noted in hospital-based, nonprofit units practicing formaldehyde automatic reuse, and in freestanding, for-profit units using glutaraldehyde, which accounted for <5% of all units. All other interactions of reuse germicide and technique were not different from no-reuse. The varying mortality rates identified in both no-reuse and reuse units using conventional dialysis suggest that other factors, such as dialysis therapy and anemia correction (both known predictors of patient survival), have a greater influence on U.S. mortality than reuse germicides and techniques.
Gut epithelium: food processor for the mucosal immune system?
Authors: P W BLAND
Journal: Gut (1998)

See article on page 538 

To those outside the field of mucosal immunology it must seem incredible that we do not yet understand something so basic as the interaction of protein antigens with the intestinal epithelium. Although we now know in some detail the mechanisms by which the mucosal immune system is regulated and we can construct elegant adjuvant–peptide fusion proteins with systems capable of precise delivery in conjunction with what we think are appropriate cytokines, we know very little of what happens to even the most simple protein antigens during transport. Conversely, the emergence of several good rodent models of intestinal inflammation has had a major impact on our understanding of inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis, but without further information on T cell–epithelial cell–antigen interactions, the vital mechanisms of the initial “barrier” defect will continue to elude us. Are antigens selectively degraded during transport across the epithelium? If so, is this essential to the maintenance of immune homeostasis? How is the relative transport of intact protein, peptides and amino acids controlled and is the maintenance of a “normal” flora important in this control? All these are vital questions to which we have few sensible responses.

Macromolecular transport by the adult gut epithelium was established in the 1970s, in particular by the extensive work from Allan Walker’s …
Sgk, a Putative Serine/Threonine Kinase, Is Differentially Expressed in the Kidney of Diabetic Mice and Humans
Authors: JANET M. KUMAR, DAVID P. BROOKS, BARBARA A. OLSON, NICHOLAS J. LAPING
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Differential display PCR was used to identify alternate expression of serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (Sgk) mRNA in diabetes-induced renal disease. Differential expression of Sgk mRNA was identified in the kidneys of normal and obese db/db mice, a model of select aspects of human diabetic nephropathy. Sgk mRNA was selectively increased in diabetic mouse kidneys. The Sgk mRNA levels remained constant in other tissues from obese db/db mice. An increase in Sgk mRNA was also observed in the human diabetic kidney. In addition, thrombin, which may play a role in the progression of renal disease, increased Sgk message in cell culture. Because the diabetes-induced increase in Sgk was only observed in the kidney, which is particularly susceptible to diabetes-induced damage, Sgk may play a role in diabetic nephropathy.
The population structure of Staphylococcus aureus in China and Europe assessed by multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis; clues to geographical origins of emergence and dissemination
Authors: X. Yan, L.M. Schouls, G.N. Pluister, X. Tao, X. Yu, J. Yin, Y. Song, S. Hu, F. Luo, W. Hu, L. He, F. Meng, T. Donker, E. Tsompanidou, J.M. van Dijl, J. Zhang, H. Grundmann
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Incidence of Precancerous Foci of Mammary Glands and Growth Rate of Transplantable Mammary Cancers in Sialoadenectomized Mice
Authors: T. Inui, A. Tsubura, S. Morii
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Incidence of Precancerous Foci of Mammary Glands and Growth Rate of Transplantable Mammary Cancers in Sialoadenectomized Mice Get access Toshihiko Inui, Toshihiko Inui * Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical UniversityMoriguchi, Osaka, Japan *Correspondence to: Toshihiko Inui, M.D., Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Furnizonocho-1, Moriguchi, Osaka 570, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Airo Tsubura, Airo Tsubura Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical UniversityMoriguchi, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sotokichi Morii Sotokichi Morii Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical UniversityMoriguchi, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 21, 1 November 1989, Pages 1660–1663, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.21.1660 Published: 01 November 1989 Article history Received: 23 January 1989 Revision received: 08 May 1989 Accepted: 02 August 1989 Published: 01 November 1989
Nonsmoking: A Surrogate Factor in Primary Lung Cancer in Survivors of Cervical Adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Pentti A. Leppäluoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

I thank Dr Vordermark 1 for his interest in our articles and useful comments.I agree with his analysis of our report 2 that concluded that the cisplatin-based arm was less effective for local control and lead to a higher rate of colostomy than the mitomycinbased arm.At the present time, I am unable to supply the Kaplan-Meier survival curve that he requests but agree that it would be of considerable interest.I am, however, intrigued by his views that in certain patients, the treatment intensity can be reduced.This compliments the concept of individualization of therapy and a need for understanding the factors that mediate chemoradiotherapy resistance.We have previously suggested that understanding the molecular biology of anal canal cancer by studying pretreatment tissue for various relevant biomarkers could allow optimization of therapy. 2,3However, Dr Vordermark makes a point that takes such concepts to a higher level.By knowing in advance whose cancer is highly chemoradiotherapy sensitive, not only we can optimize therapy but we can also reduce its intensity (and thereby reduce toxicity).This type of concept building will benefit our future patients.
Endocrine Relations Between Mother and Fetus
Authors: S Solomon, H G Friesen
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1968)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Independent Impact of Gout on Mortality and Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Hyon K. Choi, Gary Curhan
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Although gout and hyperuricemia are related to several conditions that are associated with reduced survival, no prospective data are available on the independent impact of gout on mortality. Furthermore, although many studies have suggested that hyperuricemia is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), limited data are available on the impact of gout on CVD.Over a 12-year period, we prospectively examined the relation between a history of gout and the risk of death and myocardial infarction in 51,297 male participants of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. During the 12 years of follow-up, we documented 5825 deaths from all causes, which included 2132 deaths from CVD and 1576 deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD). Compared with men without history of gout and CHD at baseline, the multivariate relative risks among men with history of gout were 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.41) for total mortality, 1.38 (95% CI, 1.15 to 1.66) for CVD deaths, and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.24 to 1.93) for fatal CHD. The corresponding relative risks among men with preexisting CHD were 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.45), 1.26 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.50), and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.49), respectively. In addition, men with gout had a higher risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction than men without gout (multivariate relative risk, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.41).These prospective data indicate that men with gout have a higher risk of death from all causes. Among men without preexisting CHD, the increased mortality risk is primarily a result of an elevated risk of CVD death, particularly from CHD.
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma presenting as a giant pleural mass
Authors: K Kaira
Journal: Thorax (2005)

A 57 year old female non-smoker with no asbestos exposure was admitted with right chest pain and fever. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a huge mass occupying the right hemithorax (fig 1). She underwent right posterolateral thoractomy following a negative bronchoscopic examination with transbronchial lung biopsy and transthoracic needle biopsy. A giant, well circumscribed, lobulated solitary tumour 13 cm in diameter attached with a pedicle to the visceral pleura was surgically removed (fig 2A). Macroscopically, the tumour was nearly protruding …
Genotype Versus Phenotype: The Yin and Yang of Germline <i>TP53</i> Mutations in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Kim E. Nichols, David Malkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is one of the most well-recognized cancer predisposition syndromes and serves as a paradigm for the study of heritable susceptibility to cancer.LFS was first reported in 1969 by Li and Fraumeni on the basis of the identification of four families characterized by the autosomal dominant transmission of early-onset tumors. 1,25][6][7] Individuals with LFS are also prone to develop second malignant neoplasms (SMNs); the risk is greatest in those who survive cancer during childhood. 8In 1990, it was determined that LFS is caused by heterozygous germline mutations in TP53, which encodes the p53 tumor suppressor. 9Also known as the so-called guardian of the genome, p53 is a critical transcription factor that promotes cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair in response to cellular stresses such as exposure to ionizing radiation. 10Mutations that interfere with the transcriptional activity of p53 reduce its growth suppressive functions.Accordingly, individuals with LFS, who harbor one mutated copy of TP53 in the germline, are at increased risk for tumor formation.The discovery of TP53 as the gene that is defective in LFS has paved the way for its analysis in cancer-prone individuals and families; more than 500 patients with LFS have been described in the literature, 11 and many more have been identified but not yet reported.It is currently estimated that the TP53 mutation carrier rate is at least one in 5,000. 124][15] The spectrum of LFS-associated TP53 mutations can be separated into two general categories on the basis of the mutations' effects on p53 function.The first category includes missense alterations within the DNA binding domain, which confer a dominant-negative effect on wild-type p53 function, as well as enable mutated p53 to acquire additional activities that promote cancer development (these are collectively referred to as gain of function mutations).The second category includes nonsense and frame shift mutations, as well as partial or whole gene deletions, which confer a loss of function. 11lthough initial genetic studies allowed for a better understanding of the incidence and spectrum of LFS-associated TP53 mutations,
Deficiencies in Lung Surfactant Proteins A and D Are Associated with Lung Infection in Very Premature Neonatal Baboons
Authors: SHANJANA AWASTHI, JACQUELINE J. COALSON, BRADLEY A. YODER, ERIKA CROUCH, RICHARD J. KING
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are important in the innate host defense against pathogenic microorganisms. A deficit in these proteins in premature infants, either because of immaturity or as a consequence of superimposed chronic lung disease (CLD), could increase their susceptibility to infection. The study reported here examined infection in CLD in the premature newborn baboon, and correlated it with the amounts of SP-A and SP-D in lung tissue and lavage fluid. Two groups of baboons were delivered prematurely, at 125 d gestational age (g.a.), and differed principally in whether they developed naturally acquired pulmonary infections and sepsis. Group I animals were ventilated with clinically appropriate oxygen for 6 d and 14 d without clinical incident. Group II animals were ventilated for 5 to 71 d, but differed from those in Group I in that most developed pulmonary infection and/or sepsis. In Group I animals, tissue pools of both SP-A and SP-D were equal to or exceeded those in adults, and lavage pools of SP-A increased progressively with the time of ventilation to about 35% of adult levels after 14 d. In contrast, most Group II animals had concentrations of lavage SP-A that were less than 20% of that in adult animals. A low concentration of lavage SP-A correlated with the release of interleukin-8, and with a high "infection index" based on histopathology, microbiologic cultures, and clinical indications of sepsis. Our data suggest that the amounts of SP-A and SP-D in lavage fluid are indicators of the risk of infection in the evolution of neonatal CLD. Deficits in the amount of lavage SP-A, even after 60 d of ventilation, may have inhibited the resolution of infection and thereby contributed to the developing injury among our Group II animals.
Cases of Salmonella Urbana in Finland, the Czech Republic and Latvia, January-February 2010
Authors: R Rimhanen-Finne, S Lukinmaa, T Martelius, H Rossow, R Karpíšková, D Dedicova, J Galajeva, A Bormane, A Siitonen, M Kuusi
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

A cluster of 14 cases of Salmonella Urbana cases in Finland, the Czech Republic and Latvia were identified in January-February, 2010. The majority of cases (11) were male and children under 16 years of age. The investigation is currently ongoing and comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of the isolates suggests that the cases may have a common source of infection.
MYOCARDIAL TRIGLYCERIDE ACCUMULATION IS A POSSIBLE LINK BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION AND CORONARY MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Janet Wei, Michael Nelson, Edward Szczepaniak, Louise Thomson, Daniel Berman, Debiao Li, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Lidia Szczepaniak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)