tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bariatric Surgery in the United Kingdom: A Cohort Study of Weight Loss and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Clinical Care
Authors: Ian J. Douglas, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Rachel L. Batterham, Liam Smeeth
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Background Bariatric surgery is becoming a more widespread treatment for obesity. Comprehensive evidence of the long-term effects of contemporary surgery on a broad range of clinical outcomes in large populations treated in routine clinical practice is lacking. The objective of this study was to measure the association between bariatric surgery, weight, body mass index, and obesity-related co-morbidities. Methods and Findings This was an observational retrospective cohort study using data from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. All 3,882 patients registered in the database and with bariatric surgery on or before 31 December 2014 were included and matched by propensity score to 3,882 obese patients without surgery. The main outcome measures were change in weight and body mass index over 4 y; incident diagnoses of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, fractures, obstructive sleep apnoea, and cancer; mortality; and resolution of hypertension and T2DM. Weight measures were available for 3,847 patients between 1 and 4 mo, 2,884 patients between 5 and 12 mo, and 2,258 patients between 13 and 48 mo post-procedure. Bariatric surgery patients exhibited rapid weight loss for the first four postoperative months, at a rate of 4.98 kg/mo (95% CI 4.88–5.08). Slower weight loss was sustained to the end of 4 y. Gastric bypass (6.56 kg/mo) and sleeve gastrectomy (6.29 kg/mo) were associated with greater initial weight reduction than gastric banding (2.77 kg/mo). Protective hazard ratios (HRs) were detected for bariatric surgery for incident T2DM, 0.68 (95% CI 0.55–0.83); hypertension, 0.35 (95% CI 0.27–0.45); angina, 0.59 (95% CI 0.40–0.87);MI, 0.28 (95% CI 0.10–0.74); and obstructive sleep apnoea, 0.55 (95% CI 0.40–0.87). Strong associations were found between bariatric surgery and the resolution of T2DM, with a HR of 9.29 (95% CI 6.84–12.62), and between bariatric surgery and the resolution of hypertension, with a HR of 5.64 (95% CI 2.65–11.99). No association was detected between bariatric surgery and fractures, cancer, or stroke. Effect estimates for mortality found no protective association with bariatric surgery overall, with a HR of 0.97 (95% CI 0.66–1.43). The data used were recorded for the management of patients in primary care and may be subject to inaccuracy, which would tend to lead to underestimates of true relative effect sizes. Conclusions Bariatric surgery as delivered in the UK healthcare system is associated with dramatic weight loss, sustained at least 4 y after surgery. This weight loss is accompanied by substantial improvements in pre-existing T2DM and hypertension, as well as a reduced risk of incident T2DM, hypertension, angina, MI, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Widening the availability of bariatric surgery could lead to substantial health benefits for many people who are morbidly obese.
Final analysis of intergroup randomized phase III study of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus radiation therapy (RT) in locally advanced prostate cancer (CaP) (NCIC-CTG, SWOG, MRC-UK, INT: T94-0110).
Authors: Malcolm David Mason, Wendy Parulekar, Matthew Robert Sydes, Mahesh Parmar, John Anderson, Jim Barber, Michael Donald Brundage, Richard Cowan, Mary K. Gospodarowicz, Charles Hayter, John Hetherington, Andrea Clare Hiltz, Peter Kirkbride, Edward Kostashuk, Karen Sanders, Jinka Sathya, Gregory P. Swanson, Bingshu E Chen, Padraig Richard Warde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

4509 Background: Data from the SPCG-7 study and interim analysis of this trial have demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit for RT when added to ADT. We present the protocol specified final analysis of PR3/PR07. Methods: Patients with locally advanced (T3/T4, N0/NX, n=1057) or organ-confined prostate cancer (T2,N0/NX, with either PSA &gt; 40 μg/l or PSA &gt; 20 μg/l and Gleason &gt; 8, n=144) were randomized to lifelong ADT (bilateral orchiectomy or LHRH agonist) or ADT + RT (65-69 Gy to prostate + seminal vesicles with or without 45Gy to pelvic nodes). The primary outcome measure was OS; secondary outcomes included disease-specific survival (DSS), time to disease progression and quality of life. Final analysis was planned after 421 deaths. Results: 1,205 patients were randomized from 1995-2005, 602 to ADT alone and 603 to ADT+RT (well balanced with respect to baseline characteristics). The median follow-up is 8.0 years and 465 patients have died (260 ADT, 205 ADT+RT). Adding RT to ADT significantly reduced the risk of death (Hazard Ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.57-0.85, p=0.001). 199 patients died of disease and/or treatment (134 on ADT alone and 65 on ADT+RT). Competing risk analysis demonstrated that patients on the ADT alone arm had a significantly higher chance of dying of disease related causes than those treated with ADT+RT (10 year cumulative disease specific death rates 15% with ADT+ RT, 26% with ADT alone, p&lt;0.0001). The addition of RT to ADT had a small detrimental effect on late gastrointestinal toxicity and health-related quality-of-life (&gt; grade II proctitis, 0.3% ADT alone, 1.0% ADT+RT; mean change EORTC Rectal symptoms -0.3 ADT vs 1.7 ADT + RT, p=0.54). Conclusions: Mature data indicate a sustained and substantial overall survival and disease specific survival benefit for ADT+RT in the management of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer with minimal increase in late treatment toxicity. The benefits of combined modality treatment should be discussed with all patients. Supported by NCI-US Grant CA077202, CCSRI Grants #14469 and # 015469, UK Medical Research Council Grant G9805643, UK National Cancer Research Network.
Cancer mediates effector T cell dysfunction by targeting microRNAs and EZH2 via glycolysis restriction
Authors: Ende Zhao, Tomasz Maj, Ilona Kryczek, Wei Li, Ke Wu, Lili Zhao, Shuang Wei, Joel Crespo, Shanshan Wan, Linda Vatan, Wojciech Szeliga, Irene Shao, Yin Wang, Yan Liu, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Arul M Chinnaiyan, Theodore H Welling, Victor Marquez, Jan Kotarski, Hongbo Wang, Zehua Wang, Yi Zhang, Rebecca Liu, Guobin Wang, Weiping Zou
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Beneficial influence of ketanserin on autoregulation of blood flow in post-ischemic kidneys.
Authors: M Verbeke, B Smöllich, J van de Voorde, L de Ridder, N Lameire
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

The influence of ketanserin, a S2-serotonergic receptor blocker, on the impaired renal hemodynamics in a clamp model of renal ischemia in rats was investigated in this study. Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction of the renal vascular bed was augmented after ischemia. This constriction is blocked by ketanserin (0.05 mg/kg i.v. bolus, followed by 0.1 mg/kg per h infusion). The influence of the same ketanserin treatment on the response of RBF versus a stepwise lowering of the renal perfusion pressure was studied in post-ischemic kidneys with an established loss of autoregulation of RBF. An almost perfect restoration of the autoregulatory response was apparent after the S2-serotonergic antagonism. Despite this beneficial effect on renal hemodynamics, renal function, judged by measurement of GFR and urinary sodium excretion rate, was not influenced by an acute infusion of ketanserin in post-ischemic kidneys. It is suggested that serotonin plays a pivotal role in the suppression of autoregulation of RBF by a S2-serotonergic receptor-mediated vasoconstrictor effect in the post-ischemic kidney. It most likely masks the potential myogenic dilatory response of the smooth muscle cells in renal preglomerular microvasculature. Restoration of the renal autoregulatory capacity by S2-serotonergic receptor antagonism could be of clinical relevance in human post-ischemic acute renal failure.
Longitudinal changes in symptoms, function, utility (U) and quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients (pts) on palliative care (PC)
Authors: V. T. Chang, S. S. Hwang, Q. Xia, P. Osenenko, Y. Alejandro, H. Yan, M. L. Gonzalez, S. Srinivas, F. Zhong, B. Kasimis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

8079 Background: Terminal cancer pts experience changes in symptoms, function and QOL in a declining trajectory during the last few months (m) of life. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify the longitudinal course and patterns of changes in symptoms, function, QOL and U measures from 6 m prior to death (PTD) and (2) examine the association between changes in U and multidimensional measures. Methods: 103 cancer pts completed the EQ5D, FACT-G, EFAT and MSAS-SF every 4 weeks from the start of PC to death. The KPS was determined at each time point. We defined four time points (6, 3, 2 and 1 m PTD) and calculated the changes in all measures between the last two visits with the last assessment performed within 1 m PTD (n = 49). We performed (1) mixed effect modeling to estimate the mean value and the rate of change of each measure over time; (2) the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression modeling to assess the association between changes in U and other measures. Results: Of 103 pts, 101 pts had expired with median survival of 3.7 m (range 1.3–38.2). (1) The MSAS-SF, EFAT, KPS, U and QOL measures deteriorated significantly over time (Table) with most deterioration seen at 1 and 2 m PTD. (2) Accelerated worsening in EFAT (1.5/m), FACT-G FWB (-1.5/m) and MSAS-SF PSYCH (0.2/m) started at 2 m PTD while number of symptoms (2/m), KPS (-17/m) and U (-0.25/m) started at 1 m PTD. (3) Changes in U 1 month PTD correlated significantly with changes in KPS, EFAT, MSAS-SF and FACT-G QOL measures (all p<0.05); the changes in EFAT (p<0.0001) and PHYS (p=0.009) predicted changes in U independently (R2=0.71, p<0.00001). Conclusions: These results suggest that changes in EQ5D U, KPS, EFAT, MSAS-SF and FACT-G measures may guide estimates of prognosis. The changes in symptoms, function, U and QOL were relatively small until the last 1–2 months, similar to our previous model (Hwang et al, JPSM 2003;25:225). Supported by PDIA & NJCCR Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration NJCCR, PDIA
Content is king
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We’re continuing to mark the 20 years since The BMJ launched itself on the internet. In 1995, with the then web editor, Tony Delamothe, at the helm, bmj.com was innovative simply by being the first medical journal website. Under our digital editor, David Payne, it has continued to lead the way, aiming to offer readers the very best access, interaction, and experience that technology can provide.

But rather than itemising these developments and plans, we have chosen to celebrate this 20th anniversary by highlighting the content hosted on the website in the past two decades. Twenty readers and contributors have each chosen one outstanding article, and the result is our top 20. As David Payne says (doi:10.1136/bmj.h3660), they …
Using a symptom observation chart for dying patients: Review of a service improvement tool.
Authors: Lauren Z Waterman, Neha Varma, Ambre Doherty, Max Cooper, Louise D Mason
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

57 Background: In July 2014, following judicial review, the Liverpool Care Pathway for Dying Patients was withdrawn from the UK. An individualised approach to care for dying patients was advised, laid out in “One chance to get it right”. To support this, a symptom observation chart was developed at BSUH, a UK teaching hospital with cancer centre. At the point where a patient is diagnosed as dying, this innovative tool replaces vital signs assessment tools and facilitates regular and rigorous assessment of symptoms. Additionally, it aims to improve communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs), by showing trends in symptoms over time, and to trigger urgent physician review if optimal comfort is not achieved. It has scoring and escalation prompts, similar to early warning score charts, using a red-amber-green system. Methods: 8 months after introduction, a self-completed questionnaire was distributed to HCPs. Questions related to demographic data, opinion on the chart using a 4-point Likert scale and a qualitative component. Results: 135 adequately completed questionnaires (of 150) were returned by ward nurses (61%), physicians (30%), nursing assistants (7%) and palliative care specialist nurses (3%). The majority "agreed" or “strongly agreed” that the chart was user-friendly (97%); not time consuming (98%); facilitated communication between staff of the multidisciplinary team (87%); prompted earlier intervention from physicians (83%); was useful to indicate poorly controlled symptoms (96%); had improved the symptom assessment of dying patients (91%); and had contributed to improvements in the overall care of dying patients (87%). Additionally, 86% of nurses felt the chart helped them know when to request an urgent physician review to optimise comfort. Only 51% felt they had received enough training in using the chart. These findings were also reflected in free text responses. Conclusions: The vast majority of HCPs found the chart easy to use and felt it improved overall care of dying patients. Therefore, the chart may be a valuable addition to Comfort Care Order Sets. Prospective research is warranted to further assess the chart. The chart will be visually presented. It may be adapted and reproduced with permission.
Identification of novel immune regulators of tumor growth using RIPPS screening in vivo
Authors: Tom Brennan, David Bellovin, Jacqueline de la Torre, Nebiyu Wondyfraw, Servando Palencia, Kevin Hestir, Ernestine Lee
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Identification of novel targets in cancer immunotherapy is needed to address the significant number of patients that either do not respond to current therapies or encounter unacceptable toxicities. The discovery of such targets, including novel checkpoint regulators and the
Dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study of ABT-510 with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: F. Y. De Vos, R. Hoekstra, F. A. L. M. Eskens, E. G. De Vries, A. Van der Gaast, H. J. M. Groen, R. Knight, R. A. Humerickhouse, J. A. Gietema, J. Verweij
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3077 Background: Thrombospondin-1 is a naturally occurring angiogenesis inhibitor. ABT-510, a thrombospondin-mimetic peptide that exhibits anti-angiogenic and tumor growth inhibition in preclinical models. In a single-agent phase I study twice daily (BID) subcutaneous (s.c.) showed good tolerability and exceeded the target concentration of 100 ng/mL over 3 h a day (De Vos et al, Eur. J. Cancer, 2002; 38 S7: 78). In an extension study, ABT-510 was combined with gemcitabine-cisplatin chemotherapy to determine safety profile, pharmacokinetics (PK) and potential drug-interaction. Methods: Patients (pts) with advanced solid tumor received gemcitabine (Gem) 1250 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin (Cis) 80 mg/m2 on day 1 q 3 weeks iv along with 50 or 100 mg BID ABT-510 sc starting on day 2. Plasma samples for PK were obtained on days 1 (Gem, Cis), 15 (ABT-510) and 22 (Gem, Cis, ABT-510). The samples were analyzed by LC/MS/MS (ABT-510), HPLC (Gem) or AAS (Cis). Toxicity was scored according to CTC v.2 criteria. Anti-tumor activity was evaluated according to WHO criteria after every 2 cycles. Results: Thirteen pts were treated with 50 mg ABT-510 BID + Gem-Cis (7 pts) and 100 mg ABT-510 BID + Gem-Cis (6 pts). The most commonly observed adverse events reflected the known toxicity profile induced by Gem-Cis without ABT-510. One episode of hemoptysis occurred in a NSCLC patient after 15 days of combination treatment (possibly related). The analysis of AUC showed no drug-interactions for Gem and its metabolite 2-difluoro-2-deoxyuridine (dFdU), total and unbound platinum (Pt) and for ABT-510 (Table). Two partial responses were observed in 12 evaluable pts (1 melanoma and 1 NSCLC). Conclusions: Combining ABT-510 with Gem-Cis is feasible. No interaction was observed. Adding ABT-510 does not appear to have an additive toxicity effect. Phase II studies are underway. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Abbott Laboratories Abbott Laboratories; PharmaMar Abbott Laboratories Bristol-Myers Squibb; Novartis
"Folk" criteria for the diagnosis of mental illness in rural Laos: on being insane in sane places
Authors: J Westermeyer, R Wintrob
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

"Folk" criteria for identifying the mentally ill, as distinguished from folk theories about the causes of mental illness, have been comparatively neglected in cultural psychiatry. The authors describe the criteria by which villagers in Laos labeled 35 subjects as baa (insane). Unprovoked assaultive or destructive behavior, social isolation, self-endangerment due to neglect of personal needs, nonviolent but socially disruptive or inappropriate behavior, and inability to do productive work were found to be important folk criteria. The authors emphasize that folk criteria for mental illness are determined primarily by the persistence of socially dysfunctional behavior rather than by disturbances in thought and affect.
Genome-wide linkage and exome sequencing analyses identify an initiation codon mutation of<i>KRT5</i>in a unique Chinese family with generalized Dowling–Degos disease
Authors: M. Li, J. Wang, J. Zhang, C. Ni, X. Li, J. Liang, R. Cheng, Z. Li, Z. Yao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Genome‐wide linkage and exome sequencing analyses identify an initiation codon mutation of KRT5 in a unique Chinese family with generalized Dowling–Degos disease Get access M. Li, M. Li Department of Dermatology Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road Shanghai 200092 China Correspondence: Ming Li; Zhirong Yao. E‐mails: aypyslm@163.com; zryaosmu@sohu.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Wang, J. Wang Department of Dermatology Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou Henan China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Zhang, J. Zhang Department of Dermatology Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road Shanghai 200092 China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Ni, C. Ni Department of Dermatology Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road Shanghai 200092 China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Li, X. Li Department of Dermatology Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou Henan China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Liang, J. Liang Department of Dermatology Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road Shanghai 200092 China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Cheng, R. Cheng Department of Dermatology Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road Shanghai 200092 China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Z. Li, Z. Li Department of Dermatology Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou Henan China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Z. Yao Z. Yao Department of Dermatology Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road Shanghai 200092 China Correspondence: Ming Li; Zhirong Yao. E‐mails: aypyslm@163.com; zryaosmu@sohu.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 174, Issue 3, 1 March 2016, Pages 663–666, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14178 Published: 01 March 2016
Intraperitoneal Therapy for Ovarian Cancer: A Sacrifice Bunt
Authors: William P. McGuire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools EDITORIAL Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.4.921 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11181653 Intraperitoneal Therapy for Ovarian Cancer: A Sacrifice Bunt William P. McGuirexWilliam P. McGuireSearch for articles by this author Show More Co-Chairman, Ovarian Cancer Committee, The Gynecologic Oncology Group, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, Cancer Center, Franklin Square Hospital, Baltimore, MD https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.4.921 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
A randomized controlled study of reviewer bias against an unconventional therapy
Authors: K I Resch, E Ernst, J Garrow
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2000)

Summary A study was designed to test the hypothesis that experts who review papers for publication are prejudiced against an unconventional form of therapy. Two versions were produced (A and B) of a ‘short report’ that related to treatments of obesity, identical except for the nature of the intervention. Version A related to an orthodox treatment, version B to an unconventional treatment. 398 reviewers were randomized to receive one or the other version for peer review. The primary outcomes were the reviewers’ rating of ‘importance’ on a scale of 1-5 and their verdict regarding rejection or acceptance of the paper. Reviewers were unaware that they were taking part in a study. The overall response rate was 41.7%, and 141 assessment forms were suitable for statistical evaluation. After dichotomization of the rating scale, a significant difference in favour of the orthodox version with an odds ratio of 3.01 (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 8.25), was found. This observation mirrored that of the visual analogue scale for which the respective medians and interquartile ranges were 67% (51% to 78.5%) for version A and 57% (29.7% to 72.6%) for version B. Reviewers showed a wide range of responses to both versions of the paper, with a significant bias in favour of the orthodox version. Authors of technically good unconventional papers may therefore be at a disadvantage in the peer review process. Yet the effect is probably too small to preclude publication of their work in peer-reviewed orthodox journals.
Abstract 858: Increase in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is Not Related With Higher Non-Cardiovascular Mortality; Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis
Authors: Elena Burillo, Eva M Andres, Rocio Mateo-Gallego, Sarah Fiddyment, Estibaliz Jarauta, Ana Cenarro, Fernando Civeira
Journal: Circulation (2009)