tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asthma related hospital treatment in Finland: 1972-86.
Authors: T Keistinen, T Tuuponen, S L Kivela
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND: The number of asthma related treatment periods in hospital has increased in many countries, particularly among children. The aim of the present investigation was to describe the use made of hospital services by asthmatic patients over a wide range in Finland. METHODS: A total of 255,387 treatment periods for asthma that had occurred between 1972 and 1986 was collected from the discharge register maintained by the National Board of Health (diagnosis 493, International Classification of Diseases). The numbers of admissions, days in hospital, and new occurrences of asthma were calculated by sex and age in relation to the total population at the end of each year. RESULTS: Asthma induced treatment periods in hospital in Finland were 12,860 (277 treatment periods per 100,000 inhabitants) in 1972 and 20,000 (406 per 100,000 inhabitants) in 1986. The annual increase in the number of such periods was 4.7% for men (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.5 to 5.9%) and 3.4% for women (2.1 to 4.7%) in relation to population. The most pronounced change was found in those aged 65 years and over, in which the number of treatment periods was found to increase annually by 7.5% (6.0 to 9.0%) for men and 4.9% (3.4 to 6.5%) for women, whereas the smallest increase was found among persons under 15 years with an annual change of 1.3% (0.2 to 2.3%) for boys and 1.1% (-0.1 to 2.4%) for girls. Although the number of asthma related treatment periods increased, that of new patients with asthma did not. An average of 114 new male asthmatic patients per 100,000 men were treated in hospitals annually between 1977 and 1986, whereas the figure for women was 115; the annual change during this 10 year period was 0.2% (-0.8 to 1.2%) for men and -0.8% (-1.8 to 0.2%) for women. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the number of asthma related hospital treatment periods seemed attributable to the frequent treatment of the same patients. Treatment periods for persons aged 40 years or over were found to increase most, suggesting that the treatment of these asthmatic patients should be optimised and its organisation improved.
Injuries to junior club cricketers: the effect of helmet regulations
Authors: L Shaw, C F Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Objective: Despite the popularity of cricket at the junior community level, few studies have described injuries for this level of play. This study describes the epidemiology of cricket injuries in junior club cricket across three playing seasons to identify priorities for prevention. Design: Prospective on-field injury data collection during match observation of acute injuries. Pre and post observational evaluation of mandatory helmet wearing. Setting: The Sutherland Shire Junior Cricket Association, New South Wales, Australia during the 2002–03, 2003–04 and 2004–05 playing seasons. Participants: All junior teams (Under 8 (U8)–U16). Intervention: Compulsory headgear introduced for all batters before the 2004–05 season. Main outcome measures: Frequency of injury according to age level, grade of play and playing position, and injury rates per 100 registered players. Results: 155 injuries were reported. No U8 player sustained an injury, and injury frequency increased with age. Traditional cricket was associated with more injuries than modified cricket. At each age level, the most skilled players had the lowest frequency of injury. Overall, batting accounted for 49% of all injuries and 29% occurred when fielding; contact with a moving ball was responsible for 55% of injuries. The most commonly injured body region was the face (20%), followed by the hand (14%). In batters, the frequency of head/neck/facial injuries fell from 62% in 2002/03 to 35% in 2003–04 to just 4% in 2004–05 after headgear use was compulsory. Conclusions: Injury rates in junior players are low, but increase with age and level of play. Use of protective headgear, particularly by batters, leads to a significant reduction in injuries.
Overexpressed Cyclophilin A in Cancer Cells Renders Resistance to Hypoxia- and Cisplatin-Induced Cell Death
Authors: Kyu Jin Choi, Yu Ji Piao, Min Jin Lim, Jin Hwan Kim, Joohun Ha, Wonchae Choe, Sung Soo Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cyclophilin A (CypA) has been reported to be overexpressed in cancer cells, especially in solid tumors. To determine the role of CypA in tumorigenesis, we investigated the induction of CypA as well as the role it plays in cancer cells. Here, we have shown that induction of CypA is associated with hypoxia in a variety of cells, including DU145 human prostate cancer cell line. Our analysis of the CypA promoter clearly showed that CypA up-regulation is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α transcription factor. Interestingly, overexpression of CypA prevented hypoxia- and cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and this was associated with the suppression of reactive oxygen species generation and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas small interfering RNA–based CypA knockdown aggravated these factors. These results suggest that CypA is important in tumorigenesis, especially in tumor apoptosis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3654–62]
Targeted agents in metastatic Xp11 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion renal cell carcinoma (RCC): a report from the Juvenile RCC Network
Authors: G.G. Malouf, P. Camparo, S. Oudard, G. Schleiermacher, C. Theodore, A. Rustine, J. Dutcher, B. Billemont, O. Rixe, E. Bompas, A. Guillot, L. Boccon-Gibod, J. Couturier, V. Molinié, B. Escudier
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Anti-inflammatory and cartilage-protecting effects of an intra-articularly injected anti-TNFα single-chain Fv antibody (ESBA105) designed for local therapeutic use
Authors: D M Urech, U Feige, S Ewert, V Schlosser, M Ottiger, K Polzer, G Schett, P Lichtlen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Objectives: (1) To show that a single-chain Fv antibody (scFv) against tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) (ESBA105) has efficacy comparable to a full length anti-TNFα IgG (infliximab); (2) to evaluate whether ESBA105 has all the properties required for the local treatment of arthritis; and (3) to investigate its discriminative tissue penetration properties. Methods: In vivo efficacy was measured in arthritis of the knee joint induced by the intra-articular injection of recombinant human TNFα (rhTNFα) in Lewis rats. Cartilage penetration of scFv (ESBA105) and full length IgG (infliximab) were studied in bovine cartilage specimens ex vivo. Tissue penetration, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of ESBA105 were followed and compared after intra-articular and intravenous administration. Results: In cell culture, ESBA105 showed similar TNFα inhibitory potency to infliximab. In vivo, ESBA105 inhibited rhTNFα-induced synovial inflammation in rats with efficacy again comparable to infliximab. An 11-fold molar excess of ESBA105 over rhTNFα resulted in 90% inhibition of knee joint swelling, inflammatory infiltrates and proteoglycan loss from cartilage. In ex vivo studies of bovine cartilage, ESBA105 penetrated well into the cartilage whereas infliximab remained on the surface. In vivo, rapid penetration into the synovial tissue, cartilage and surrounding tissues was observed following intra-articular injection of [ 125 I]-ESBA105 into the knee joint of rabbits. Conclusions: ESBA105 potently inhibits inflammation and prevents cartilage damage triggered by TNFα. In contrast to a full length IgG, ESBA105 also penetrates into cartilage and can be expected to reverse the TNFα-induced catabolic state of articular cartilage in arthritides.
Predictive factors for fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: M. Sarioglu, O. Uzunalimoglu, E. Erden, B. Cicek, H. Cetinkaya, K. Cinar, R. Mas, S. Ozenirler, M. Bozdayi, H. Bozkaya, C. Yurdaydin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Training for minor surgery in general practice
Authors: S. O'Connell
Journal: BMJ (1991)

It is obvious that the most important message to be given to anybody taking blood samples is to adhere to the local recommendations and that no samples should be left unlabelled or improperly labelled.The importance of training to ensure appropriate identification of donor and patient samples cannot be overemphasised.The minimum information that should go on the tube consists of the patient's name, date of birth or identification number (Danish social security number or hospital number in Britain), and the date when the sample was drawn.There are hospitals in Australia where no sample will be accepted for pretransfusion testing if the label has not been checked and countersigned by the patient.If the patient is unable to sign, then the reason has to be stated in writing by the person drawing the sample.
Frequency of Sit-Down Patient Care Rounds, Attainment of Clinical Performance Targets, Hospitalization, and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Laura C Plantinga, Nancy E Fink, Bernard G Jaar, John H Sadler, Josef Coresh, Michael J Klag, Andrew S Levey, Neil R Powe
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

Sit-down patient rounding in hemodialysis units allows providers to focus collectively on each patient's needs and may affect patient outcomes positively. The objective was to examine whether sit-down rounding practices improve patient outcomes in a cohort of 644 adult hemodialysis patients from 75 outpatient dialysis clinics in 17 states throughout the United States who survived at least 6 mo after enrollment (average follow-up, 3.2 yr). Achievement of well-accepted 6-mo clinical performance targets of albumin (> or =3.5 g/dl), hemoglobin (> or =11 g/dl), calcium-phosphate product (<60 mg(2)/dl(2)), dose (Kt/V > or =1.2), and vascular access type (fistula); hospitalization rates; and all-cause mortality served as outcomes. Monthly or more frequent sit-down rounds were conducted in 36 (48%) of 75 clinics, representing 287 (45%) of 644 patients. More frequent sit-down rounds were positively associated with an increased chance of achieving the 6-mo clinical performance target for albumin compared with less frequent rounds (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 3.15); patients who were treated at clinics with more frequent rounds also had nearly twice the odds of achieving more of the five performance targets (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.42). After adjustment for potential confounders, patients who were treated at clinics with more frequent sit-down rounds were 32% less likely to be hospitalized (incidence rate ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.91), had fewer hospital days per year (rate ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.98), and were 29% less likely to die (relative hazard, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.95). Adjustment for some clinical performance targets attenuated the statistical significance of the association with hospitalization. More frequent sit-down rounds in hemodialysis units are associated with better patient outcomes, including an increased chance of meeting the albumin clinical performance target, decreased hospitalization, and decreased risk of mortality. This association may be due to the positive effect of collaborative discussion by the patient care team of short- and long-term care goals for individual patients.
Foul play is associated with injury incidence: an epidemiological study of three FIFA World Cups (2002–2010)
Authors: Jaakko Ryynänen, Astrid Junge, Jiri Dvorak, Lars Peterson, Hannu Kautiainen, Jón Karlsson, Mats Börjesson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Foul play has been considered as one of the most important known extrinsic risk factors for injuries in football.To compare the incidence and characteristics of foul play injuries and non-foul injuries.Team physicians' postmatch injury reports and official match statistics were obtained from all matches of the 2002, 2006 and 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cups.The number of injuries was associated with the number of fouls in a match. The incidence of foul play injuries (20.6/1000 match-hours, 95% CI 17.3 to 24.4) was significantly lower than that of non-foul injuries (42.6, 37.7 to 47.9), which also applied to all playing positions. The causation of injury (foul/non-foul), match period and teams' drawing/losing/winning status were associated with the injury incidence. The interactions between the causation of injury (foul/non-foul) and match time, as well as the teams' drawing/losing/winning status or playing position were not statistically significant. The median (IQR) days of absence resulting from foul play injuries were significantly shorter than that of non-foul injuries. The lower leg and ankle were more common locations for foul play injuries than for non-foul injuries, whereas the opposite was observed for thigh injuries. Contusions were a more common type of foul play injuries than non-foul injuries, while the opposite was found for muscle strains/ruptures/tears.The numbers of injuries and fouls in a match were significantly associated. No significant differences in the variation of foul play and non-foul injury incidences regarding match period, teams' current winning/drawing/losing status and playing position were observed, suggesting that foul play injuries and non-foul injuries may share similar underlying risk factors.
The Skin Cancer Objective Structured Clinical Examination (SCOSCE): A multi-institutional collaboration to develop and validate a clinical skills assessment for melanoma
Authors: Amit Garg, Katie Biello, Joyce W. Hoot, Shalini B. Reddy, Lindsay Wilson, Paul George, Leslie Robinson-Bostom, Leah Belazarian, Erik Domingues, Jennifer Powers, Reza Jacob, Michael Powers, Justin Besen, Alan C. Geller
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Achilles tendon disorders
Authors: C. A. Asplund, T. M. Best
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To investigate CSF biomarkers in presymptomatic and symptomatic mutation carriers with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis–Dutch type (HCHWA-D), a model for sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and to determine the earliest deposited form of β-amyloid (Aβ). <h3>Methods:</h3> HCHWA-D mutation carriers and controls were enrolled in the cross-sectional EDAN (Early Diagnosis of Amyloid Angiopathy Network) study. The HCHWA-D group was divided into symptomatic carriers with a previous intracerebral hemorrhage and presymptomatic carriers. CSF concentrations of Aβ<sub>40</sub>, Aβ<sub>42</sub>, total tau, and phosphorylated tau<sub>181</sub> proteins were compared to those of controls of a similar age. Correlations between CSF biomarkers, MRI markers, and age were investigated with multivariate linear regression analyses. <h3>Results:</h3> We included 10 symptomatic patients with HCHWA-D (mean age 55 ± 6 years), 5 presymptomatic HCHWA-D carriers (mean age 36 ± 13 years), 31 controls &lt;50 years old (mean age 31 ± 7 years), and 50 controls ≥50 years old (mean age 61 ± 8 years). After correction for age, CSF Aβ<sub>40</sub> and Aβ<sub>42</sub> were significantly decreased in symptomatic carriers vs controls (median Aβ<sub>40</sub> 1,386 vs 3,867 ng/L, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; median Aβ<sub>42</sub> 289 vs 839 ng/L, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and in presymptomatic carriers vs controls (median Aβ<sub>40</sub> 3,501 vs 4,684 ng/L, <i>p</i> = 0.011; median Aβ<sub>42</sub> 581 vs 1,058 ng/L, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Among mutation carriers, decreasing CSF Aβ<sub>40</sub> was associated with higher lobar microbleed count (<i>p</i> = 0.010), increasing white matter hyperintensity volume (<i>p</i> = 0.008), and presence of cortical superficial siderosis (<i>p</i> = 0.02). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Decreased levels of CSF Aβ<sub>40</sub> and Aβ<sub>42</sub> occur before HCHWA-D mutation carriers develop clinical symptoms, implicating vascular deposition of both Aβ species as early steps in cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathogenesis. CSF Aβ<sub>40</sub> and Aβ<sub>42</sub> may serve as preclinical biomarkers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathology.
Ground reaction forces associated with an effective elementary school based jumping intervention
Authors: H McKay, G Tsang, A Heinonen, K MacKelvie, D Sanderson, K M Khan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Mechanical loading during childhood plays a critical role in normal growth and development of the skeleton. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) may provide a surrogate measure for the strain experienced by bone on landing and at take off. However, there appear to be no paediatric studies that assess GRFs across a variety of loading activities.To measure biomechanical variables in commonly performed childhood activities used in an elementary physical education intervention study which augmented bone health in boys and girls.Maximal GFR, maximal rates of force, and time to maximum force were measured for 12 different jumping activities on a force platform. The jumps measured were drop jumps from 10, 30, and 50 cm, all followed by a plyometric jump, submaximal and maximal jumping jacks, alternating feet jump, counter movement jumps, and side to side jumps over 10 and 20 cm foam barriers. The subjects were 70 children (36 boys and 34 girls), 8.3-11.7 years old.Subjects ranged in height from 128.4 to 172.6 cm and had a mass of 25.0-57.0 kg. Mean (SD) for vertical jump was 24.2 (5.5) cm and 135.2 (16.6) cm for standing long jump. The children engaged in loaded physical activity 5.7 (5.3) hours a week, on average. The highest mean maximal GRFs, normalised for body weight (BW), were generated from the plyometric portion of the drop jumps and the counter movement jump (about 5 times BW) compared with 3.5 times BW for jumping jacks. Similarly, the highest rates of change in force were 514 times BW/s for the drop jump from 10 cm and 493 times BW/s for the counter movement jump.Simple jumps requiring minimal equipment produce GRFs of 3.5-5 times BW and rates of force of around 500 times BW/s. As children appear to attenuate higher impact forces when jumping from increased heights, it cannot be assumed that merely increasing the height of the jump will necessarily "progress" the exercise intervention.
Accelerated versus standard cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and5-fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and5-fluorouracil: a randomized phase III trial in locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: E. Baldini, G. Gardin, P.G. Giannessi, G. Evangelista, M. Roncella, T. Prochilo, P. Collecchi, R. Rosso, R. Lionetto, P. Bruzzi, F. Mosca, P.F. Conte
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
The Cancer Patient at Work
Authors: S. J. Mellette
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1985)

The person who has been treated for cancer may have unique problems resuming employment or starting a new job. Cancer represents a spectrum of diseases, and posttreatment impairments may vary from none, in the majority of cases, to major functional disability. Employers understandably have difficulty recognizing the variability that exists, both in terms of functional capacity and prognosis, and they are often unaware of the improved prognosis for many cancers. Today, many patients receive adjuvant chemotherapy or prolonged intermittent treatment and need to adjust their work schedule to allow for this. Some people need job training or vocational counseling; in many states, vocational rehabilitation agencies now have an increased interest in providing services to cancer patients. Discrimination against the cancer patient has been demonstrated; the major problems are in the area of hiring practices. Efforts need to be continued to educate employers and the public and to ensure that the rights of the cancer patient are recognized. We may, however, do our patients a disservice if we overemphasize potential problems to a degree that increases patient fear and insecurity in regard to employment. Instead, we as physicians may be able to help prevent problems by more effective communication with employers on behalf of our patients, as well as by direct patient counseling. The insurance problems of cancer patients, particularly those relating to health insurance, do require major attention. The potential productivity, as well as the quality of life, of the cancer patient are jeopardized when he or she feels unable to change jobs because of fear of loss of insurance coverage. The relatively high number of reported cancellations and changes in insurance benefits that have been reported by cancer patients also represents an area of concern, since some of these appear medically unjustified. The physician's opinion and input may be of importance in preventing or solving individual insurance problems. The physician can also help the cancer patient who has employment problems by providing information about available resources. The above-mentioned employment booklet (#4585-PS), available from the ACS, may be useful and contains information about legal resources. Referral to a vocational rehabilitation agency may be indicated. The best medicine of all may be a positive and optimistic attitude toward the patient's participation in the work force.
Heparanase Alters Arterial Structure, Mechanics, and Repair Following Endovascular Stenting in Mice
Authors: Aaron B. Baker, Adam Groothuis, Michael Jonas, David S. Ettenson, Tarek Shazly, Eyal Zcharia, Israel Vlodavsky, Philip Seifert, Elazer R. Edelman
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are potent regulators of vascular remodeling and repair. Heparanase is the major enzyme capable of degrading heparan sulfate in mammalian cells. Here we examined the role of heparanase in controlling arterial structure, mechanics, and remodeling. In vitro studies supported that heparanase expression in endothelial cells serves as a negative regulator of endothelial inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) proliferation. Arterial structure and remodeling to injury were also modified by heparanase expression. Transgenic mice overexpressing heparanase had increased arterial thickness, cellular density, and mechanical compliance. Endovascular stenting studies in Zucker rats demonstrated increased heparanase expression in the neointima of obese, hyperlipidemic rats in comparison to lean rats. The extent of heparanase expression within the neointima strongly correlated with the neointimal thickness following injury. To test the effects of heparanase overexpression on arterial repair, we developed a novel murine model of stent injury using small diameter self-expanding stents. Using this model, we found that increased neointimal formation and macrophage recruitment occurs in transgenic mice overexpressing heparanase. Taken together, these results support a role for heparanase in the regulation of arterial structure, mechanics, and repair.
Margaret McCartney: General practice is still the best job in the world
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2015)

GlasgowDespite political inference, wasteful awareness campaigns, misleading advertisements, poor evidence, and ridiculous media stories, general practice is still the best job in the world.GPs witness the life stories of individuals and families unfolding in real time.Often you're a port in a storm; sometimes you offer a hand on the rudder, helping to steer the ship.You don't perform complex surgery, and the work isn't glamorous.But it is complex, requiring incisive intelligence-and, if you want glamour, you can wear whatever shoes you like.