tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Author's response
Authors: J. G. C. Kingham
Journal: Gut (2010)

The report by Goel et al 1 from Vellore is interesting and valuable. The authors identified 34 patients who had undergone liver biopsy for suspected pregnancy-related liver disease in their institution over a 9-year period. Twenty-four of those cases were deemed suitable for retrospective study. They applied the Swansea criteria for acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) and found that of the 20 cases fulfilling those criteria, in only 17 …
Influence of Smoking on Mortality from Various Diseases in Scotland and in England and Wales
Authors: E. Crofton, J. Crofton
Journal: BMJ (1963)

During an investigation into the relative frequency of bronchitis mortality in England and Wales and in Scotland over the years 1940 to 1960 (to be published) it was found, when standardized death rates were compared, that there was an average excess in England and Wales over Scotland of 28.5% in males and 23.6% in females.In attempting to discover an explanation for this difference, one of the factors to be examined was the influence of smoking.As no figures for the relative consumption of tobacco or cigarettes in the two countries are available, an indirect approach to the problem was adopted.Cigarette smoking in the United Kingdom virtually began, among males, at the beginning of the century (Fig. 1), and increased steadily, with further sharp increases at the time of the two world wars.Among women the habit, always less extensive than in the males, began later and rose more slowly, but also showed a marked increase in the second world war.Consequently if a disease, such Co10-A 9/ MALES w-J 7 WJ< a:,6 U. 2 X / FEMALES Po:0 O1 0N00 6tt FJ so 6 4 X6 F1 6 0
Down-staging of locally advanced prostate cancer with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody prior to radical prostatectomy
Authors: C. Granberg, R. H. Thompson, J. F. Quevedo, R. J. Karnes, I. Frank, E. D. Kwon, M. L. Blute
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e16103 Background: At present, androgen ablation (AA) therapy ± radiation therapy represents a first-line treatment for patients with unresectable locally advanced prostate cancer (CAP), typically resulting in palliative disease control. Immunotherapy, in the form of CTLA-4 blockade, has been shown to potentiate T-cell responses, representing a potential antitumoral immunotherapy for treating CAP. Here, we discuss the outcomes of 5 locally advanced CAP patients treated with the monoclonal antibody MDX-CTLA-4 (MDX-010) + AA who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy (RP), 2 of whom exhibited striking down-staging of their disease. Methods: A Phase II trial testing AA + MDX-010 therapy for treatment of locally or systemically advanced CAP is currently ongoing at our institution. To date, 5/85 patients have electively opted for off-study RP with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy after documentation of robust treatment response by PSA, staging digital rectal exam, and 3-D imaging. Results: All men had unresectable, locally advanced disease (stage T2c-T4) prior to treatment with AA + MDX-010 and subsequently underwent RP. Median blood loss was 400mL (400–900). All patients had negative surgical margins. Of the 5 patients, 2 exhibited dramatic and indisputable down-staging of their disease. These two patients presented with 80% of biopsies involved with cancer, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle (SV) invasion, and bladder base involvement. On final pathology, both exhibited extensive treatment effect, remission of SV involvement, and robust disaggregation of solid tumors resulting in only microscopic, non-contiguous foci of residual intraprostatic cancer. Both had T4 disease pre-treatment, and had stage T2c on final pathology. One patient is free of disease with undetectable PSA for 19 months following adjuvant radiation treatment but no further therapy, while the other patient is awaiting follow-up. Conclusions: We have been able to demonstrate true down-staging of locally advanced prostate cancer with neoadjuvant AA + MDX-010 therapy. This therapeutic modality exhibits significant promise for men with unresectable disease and may provide durable and potentially curative cancer control. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cytogenetic Study of Human Lymphoid T -Cell Lines Derived From Lymphocytic Leukemia 2
Authors: C. C. Huang, Y. Hou, L. K. Woods, G. E. Moore, J. Minowada
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Studied were the chromosomes of lymphoid cell lines with characteristics of thymus-derived Iymphocytes (T cells), established from the blood of 1 female patient and 1 male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The primary blood culture of the female patient had a pseudodiploid mode with characteristic markers; only a few cells were normal diploid. Eight cell lines were established from this patient. Shortly after establishment, all 8 lines had the same predominant karyotype as the primary culture. Several months later, 5 lines lost T-cell characteristics and had characteristics of Iymphocytes derived from the bone marrow (8 cells). At the same time, their karyotype became normal. The 8 cells with diploid karyotype may have represented a selection of normal Iymphocytes that were always present in the patient as well as in the cultures. Two lines were lost in handling. Only 1 line had T-cell characteristics, with a consistent pseudodiploid karyotype, 14 months after establishment. These cells with T -cell markers were probably leukemic. Trypsin and Giemsa banding study revealed the detailed rearrangements and the derivation of the markers in the pseudodiploid karyotype. The cell line from the male patient had a modal chromosome number of 47 at 2-4 months after establishment but a hypertetraploid mode after 11 months in vitro.
Clinical Effects of Exposure to Heat and Sunlight--I
Authors: B. G. Maegraith
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Three conditions of clinical importance may result from exposure to heat-namely, heat pyrexia and hyperpyrexia, thermogenic anhidrosis, and heat exhaustion.Exposure to sunlight may giye rise to acute sunburn, to hyperpigmentation, or to a variety of chronic intractable skin conditions.This article deals with heat hyperpyrexia and thermogenic anhidrosis, both conditions in which the basic pathogenic factor is inhibition of sweating.Part II, which will appear next week, will be concerned with heat exhaustion, in which disturbances of both the cardiovascular system and the body electrolyte balance are prominent, and with the clinical effects of sunlight, particularly sunburn. HEAT PYREXIA AND HYPERPYREXIAThis syndrome covers a wide variety of clinical conditions, ranging from mild fever to hyperpyrexia, and is usually defined as a body temperature of 107°F.(41.70 C.) or higher.The fully developed syndrome of hyperpyrexia is described here; the milder forms of pyrexia call for no special comment.There is a good deal of confusion about this syndrome, owing mainly to the failure to appreciate that it may occur with or without the complicating factors of water and salt deficiency and vascular collapse.Exposure to heat must continue for some time before the syndrome can develop.Its appearance is not dependent on exposure to direct sunlight.Short bursts of exposure, as, for instance, in stokers, do not usually give rise to serious symptoms.Hyperpyrexia may appear in either sex
Margaret McCartney: Why GPs are stressed
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2016)

GPs in the United Kingdom are stressed. 1A "state of emergency," said the chair of the BMA's General Practitioners Committee. 2Here are some reasons why, from a typical day:1.A patient was discharged 45 minutes ago from day case surgery without any drugs but urgently needs pain relief.A relative waits while you try to sort this out, between seeing other patients and with no discharge paperwork.1 Campbell D. NHS has the west's most stressed GPs, survey reveals.
Prognostic factors for patients with newly diagnosed low-grade oligodendroglial tumors: molecular genetics, histopathology, and neuroimaging
Authors: L. S. Ashby, J. K. Pueschel, A. C. Scheck, S. W. Coons, W. R. Shapiro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

1501 Background: Olidogdendroglial tumors demonstrate both indolent and aggressive growth patterns. Age, MRI enhancement, and proliferative activity are potential predictors of outcome. Deletion of 1p/19q chromosomal arms correlates with survival and responsiveness to chemotherapy in anaplastic tumors, but this relationship has not been established for low-grade tumors. Methods: Low-grade tumors were identified from 210 oligodendroglial cases accrued through the end of the year 2000. We reviewed the histology and measured proliferative activity by Ki67/MIB-1 immunohistochemistry. Molecular analysis (FISH) identified deletions of 1p and 19q. Preoperative MRIs were reviewed for the presence of enhancement. Treatment and survival data were obtained from clinical records. Results: There were 139 cases: 95 oligodendrogliomas (O) and 44 oligoastrocytomas (OA). The median ages were 39 and 34 years for O and OA, respectively. The median survival (MST) did not differ between O (495 weeks) and OA (559 weeks). Patients whose tumors had MIB-1 <5% had MST of 495 weeks, compared to 220 weeks for those with MIB-1 ≥5% (log rank p=0.0001). There was a significant difference in MST between patients with non-enhancing versus enhancing tumors: 447 weeks and 343 weeks, respectively (log rank p<0.04). Deletion of 1p correlated significantly with survival (log rank p=0.0003). No additional advantage was seen with codeletion of 19q. MST for patients whose tumors had no 1p deletion was 361 weeks, but for those with 1p deletion MST has not yet been reached. Fifty-two patients (37%) received treatment at the time of diagnosis: 31 had radiotherapy, 10 had chemotherapy, and 11 had combination therapy. Improved survival did not correlate with treatment. Conclusions: Individuals with low-grade O and OA are expected to survive longer than those with anaplastic variants. Regardless of favorable low-grade histology, high proliferative activity or the presence of enhancement on MRI are associated with shortened survival. 1p deletion is a powerful prognostic variable for patients with low-grade oligodendroglial tumors. The contribution of treatment to extended survival remains unclear. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Profile of ovarian cancer patients seeking information from a proprietary web-based decision support program
Authors: S. E. Rivkin, M. Markman, M. R. Markman, A. Belland, J. Petersen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5135 Background: There is limited information available regarding the characteristics of patients who elect to gather, and share, information regarding their malignancy on the internet. Methods: Aggregrate data from ovarian cancer patients providing information into one of two proprietary ovarian cancer decision-support programs embedded into a number of established web-sites (NexProfiler™Treatment Option Tools for Cancer, NexCuraR, Inc.) were analyzed. Results: Of the > 6,500 ovarian cancer patients who had entered data into the two profilers between early 2002–8/2004, 90% considered themselves to be in “good health”. 65% of “newly diagnosed” vs. 51% of “recurrent disease” patients declared their activity level to be “normal”. The “recurrent disease” population appeared to represent individuals with a particularly “aggressive” management philosophy, as 34% stated they had undergone a secondary-surgical procedure, 34% had received ≥ 4 prior chemotherapy regimens, 80% were interested in clinical trials, and 98% desired additional treatment. Conclusions: Ovarian cancer patients seeking assistance from web-based information programs may represent a sub-group of individuals with unique clinical features, and aspirations, compared to the general patient population. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration NexCura
Abstract 14833: Chronic Cardiac Injury Identifies a Malignant Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Phenotype in the General Population
Authors: Ian J Neeland, Mark H Drazner, Jarett D Berry, Christopher R deFilippi, Colby R Ayers, Sandeep R Das, Amit Khera, Darren K McGuire, Torbjorn Omland, James A de Lemos
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: The interaction between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and chronic cardiac injury, as reflected by very low but detectable circulating levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), on outcom...
進行性尿路上皮癌(UC)患者(pts)におけるゲムシタビン/カルボプラチン(GC)とメトトレキサート/カルボプラチン/ビンブラスチン(M-CAVI)を比較する無作為化第2/3相試験は,シスプラチンに基づいた化学療法(CHT)に適さない:EORTC30986第3相試験の結果
Authors: M De Santis, J Bellmunt, G Mead, J M Kerst, M G Leahy, G Daugaard, T Gil, J P Maroto, S Marreaud, R Sylvester
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
CMS Reports Uptick in Health Care Spending
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Demonstration in Normal Human Plasma of an Antigen That Cross-Reacts With the Carcinoembryonic Antigen of Digestive Tract Tumors
Authors: P. Burtin, G. Chavanel, S. von Kleist
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Demonstration in Normal Human Plasma of an Antigen That Cross-Reacts With the Carcinoembryonic Antigen of Digestive Tract Tumors Get access P. Burtin, P. Burtin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Chavanel, G. Chavanel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. von Kleist S. von Kleist Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 49, Issue 6, December 1972, Pages 1727–1728, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/49.6.1727 Published: 01 December 1972 Article history Received: 10 July 1972 Accepted: 05 September 1972 Published: 01 December 1972
간이식의 시기와 관리 : 바이러스 간질환의 간이식 전후 관리
Authors: 서경석
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2006)

바이러스 간질환은 간이식의 대표적인 적응증이다. 그러나 이러한 간질환은 이식 후 재발률이 높고 재발 시간 손상의 진행이 빠르기 때문에 재발 여부가 이식 후 예후에 절대적인 영향을 미친다. 90년대 초까지 이식의 상대적인 금기로까지 여겨지던 B형간염 관련 간질환은 HBIG과 lamivudine이 도입되면서 괄목할 만한 성적의 향상을 이루어 현재는 HBIG과 lamivudine의 복합 예방요법으로 2년 재발률을 10% 미만으로 낮추었다. 하지만 이러한 복합치료는 고가의 비용이 들고 번거로워 능동면역 등 새로운 예방치료 방법들이 적극적으로 연구되고 있다. HCV 관련 간질환은 외국에 비해 우리나라에서 빈도가 낮은 편이기는 하지만 이식 후 거의 모든 환자에서 재발하고 우리나라에서도 서서히 빈도가 증가하고 있어 관심이 고조되고 있는 분야이다. C형간염 관련 간질환은 pegylated interferon과 ribavirin이 치료의 중심이나 아직 합병증이 많고 치료성적도 HBV에 비해 떨어져 만족스럽지 못한 상태다. 따라서 이식 후 C형간염의 진행을 최대한 억제할 새로운 약제의 개발과 치료 시기 및 치료기간을 포함하여 최적의 치료 방침을 확립하는 것이 시급하다.
Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer 2
Authors: J. Mark Elwood, Philip Cole, Kenneth J. Rothman, Samuel D. Kaplan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

For a population-based, case-control study of cancer of the endometrium in Greater Boston from 1965 through mid-1969, 440 cases were drawn from nearly all hospitals in the area; controls were drawn at random from the general population. The age-adjusted incidence rate was 18.1/100,000 woman-years, with a peak at ages 55–59 and a gradual decline thereafter. Information was provided from 212 cases and 1,198 controls by mail questionnaire. A trend of reduced risk of endometrial cancer with increased parity was noted, the relative incidence (RI) for multiparous women being 0.3 compared to a RI of unity for married nulliparous women. The association of risk with age at first birth was irregular. Early menarche (RI = 1.6) and late menopause (RI = 1.7) were associated with increased risk of disease. Endometrial cancer risk was also found to be directly related to socioeconomic status, relative weight, diabetes, hypertension, and arthritis. The findings supported the idea that hormone activity during, and perhaps after, reproductive life is an important cause of this disease.
Neutrophilic Cell Production by Combination of Stem Cell Factor and Thrombopoietin From CD34+ Cord Blood Cells in Long-Term Serum-Deprived Liquid Culture
Authors: Nobukuni Sawai, Kenichi Koike, Susumu Ito, Hadija Hemed Mwamtemi, Yumi Kurokawa, Tatsuya Kinoshita, Kazuo Sakashita, Tsukasa Higuchi, Kouichi Takeuchi, Masaaki Shiohara, Hiroshi Miyazaki, Takashi Kato, Atsushi Komiyama
Journal: Blood (1999)
Abstract 15633: Triiodothyronine Modifies Mitochondrial Substrate Utilization and Facilitates Weaning From Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Following Cardiac Injury
Authors: Masaki Kajimoto, Dolena R Ledee, Chun Xu, Nancy Isern, Aaron K Olson, Michael A Portman
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides a rescue for infants and children with severe cardiac failure occurring in clinical scenarios such as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mo...
Abstract 233: Engineering Growth Factors For Cardiomyocyte Survival and Regeneration Following Ischemic Injury
Authors: Timothy R Stowe, Shawdee Eshghi, Laura D Jennings-Antipov, Yan Zhang, Phung Gip, Matthew D Onsum
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Background: Despite the benefits of reperfusion therapy after myocardial infarction (MI), one-year mortality and morbidity rates remain high. Silver Creek Pharmaceuticals is engineering a new class of protein therapeutics, termed Smart Growth Factors (SGFs), designed to act directly on cardiomyocytes (CMs) to promote survival and regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our approach is to maximize pro-survival growth factor signaling in damaged cells by creating targeted molecules with optimized pharmacokinetics and dynamics. Methods and Results: Computer model simulations guided the design of a panel of SGFs comprising various growth factors, targeting arms, half-life modulators, and linkers. SGF constructs were cloned and subsequently produced using a HEK 293F expression system. This panel was screened in vitro for signaling pathway activation and target affinity. The top hits were assayed for pro-survival activity in a chemical injury model in human CMs, where a targeted SGF significantly reduced caspase activation (p&lt;0.0084; SGF-treated 3.82±0.64-fold, IGF1-treated 16.25±3.6-fold) Based on these data and additional simulations, a class of SGFs that utilized annexin V to target IGF1 to apoptotic cells via phosphatidylserine binding was selected for screening in animal models. In vivo, these SGFs extended pAKT signaling in heart tissue compared to wild-type IGF1 and had increased accumulation in the infarcted region of mouse hearts after MI. Preliminary data suggests that a single low intravenous dose (16 pmol) of SGF delivered one hour after LAD ligation could significantly reduce scar size in animals assessed at 12 weeks post MI (p&lt;0.05; SGF-treated 9.3±1.3%, n=10; vehicle 18.1±3.13%, n=8). Finally, SGF treatment at the time of reperfusion in a rat I/R model was able to significantly reduce infarct size (p&lt;0.05; SGF-treated 27.0±1.8% n=7; vehicle 33.6±1.92% n=8). Conclusions: This work demonstrates an enhanced ability of SGFs in preventing apoptosis in vitro and reducing infarct sizes in animal models of MI. By taking a systems biology approach to SGF engineering, Silver Creek is developing cardioprotective therapies with the hope of improving patient health and addressing unmet medical need.
Tamoxifen therapy in primary breast cancer: biology, efficacy, and side effects.
Authors: R R Love
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Since its introduction into clinical use in the early 1970s, the synthetic antiestrogen tamoxifen citrate has been shown to contribute to the control of human breast cancer in increasingly significant ways. While its mechanisms of action and pharmacology are incompletely understood, tamoxifen appears to act predominantly by blocking the action of estrogen by binding to the estrogen receptor. Clinical trials of tamoxifen for 1 to 2 years in primary breast cancer demonstrate consistent beneficial effects on disease-free survival, but only suggested beneficial effects on survival. Routine use of adjuvant tamoxifen for 5 years or more will depend on the results of ongoing large clinical trials of efficacy and detailed studies of unknown biological effects on other tissues.
Generation of Cell Types With Myoepithelial and Mesenchymal Phenotypes During the Conversion of Rat Mammary Tumor Epithelial Stem Cells Into Elongated Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M J Warburton, S A Ferns, C M Hughes, C H Sear, P S Rudland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Epithelial cell lines isolated from benign rat mammary tumors converted to elongated cells that showed some aspects of myoepithelial differentiation. This cellular conversion was blocked in cells isolated from malignant tumors. For investigation of the pathway of the conversion, a rat mammary epithelial cell line (Rama 25) that converted to elongated cells through a series of morphologically distinct intermediates was isolated. These intermediates formed a series in the order: Rama 25, Rama 25-I2, Rama 25-I1, Rama 25-I4, and elongated cells. These cell lines were examined for aspects of myoepithelial or mesenchymal differentiation with the use of a polyclonal antibody to type IV collagen and a keratin monoclonal antibody, LP34 (myoepithelial markers), or a polyclonal antibody to type I procollagen (mesenchymal marker) for cells grown on plastic or as tumors in nude mice. The more epithelial-like cell lines Rama 25 and Rama 25-I2 produced relatively small amounts of type IV collagen and did not stain with LP34 or anti-type I procollagen. The flatter, polygonal cell line Rama 25-I1 stained more strongly with the antibody to type IV collagen but did not stain with anti-type I procollagen. Rama 25-I1 cells, and to a lesser extent Rama 25-I4 cells in tumors, contained a network of cytoplasmic filaments that stained strongly with LP34. The elongated cells, Rama 25-I4 and Rama 25-floaters (Rama 25-FL), did not stain with LP34 in vitro but produced an extracellular matrix that stained with antibodies to both type I procollagen and type IV collagen. The results obtained with these marker proteins suggested that, in this series of morphologic intermediates, the myoepithelial phenotype was best expressed in Rama 25-I1 cells and to a lesser extent in 25-I4 cells. However, this phenotype was relatively unstable, converting to elongated cells, some of which have decreased myoepithelial and increased mesenchymal characteristics. Such a pathway may explain the mixed population of cells seen in some types of benign mammary tumor.