tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract PD08-05: Spanning the Continuum to assess, serve and navigate Latinas with breast cancer: A Tale of Six Projects
Authors: AG Ramirez, AE Holden, K Gallion, SA SanMiguel, E Munoz, FJ Penedo, EJ Perez-Stable, GG Talavera, JE Carrillo, ME Fernandez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Latinas: 14,200 diagnosed in 2009. Groundbreaking work has shown that patient navigation may assist minority patients to negotiate the Cancer Care Continuum. Here we report the efforts of Redes En Acción: The National Latino Cancer Research Network at the Institute for Health Promotion Research in San Antonio, Texas in applying these findings to Latinas. Methods We conducted six studies to assess and address the needs and self-reported barriers to care of Latina breast cancer patients, leading to the development and controlled trial of a theory-driven, culturally appropriate patient navigation model and program. We currently are evaluating health-related quality of life and barriers to genetic testing in Latina breast cancer survivors. Results Latinas with breast cancer face significant obstacles across the cancer care continuum, originating from multiple domains, including traditional values, timely access to care and cultural orientation. These have a direct influence on interaction with the system or indirectly via influences on existing barriers including socioeconomic marginalization and affective response to the stress of any of these. Conclusion Although not considered as such, the Cancer Care Continuum implicitly demands consideration of the cultural underpinnings of behavior that govern interaction with it. Further research is required to understand these underpinnings. Simultaneously, culturally-sensitive services must be incorporated into the medical care system in order to ensure its successful function. Acknowledgement This research was enabled by grants from the San Antonio Cancer Institute/Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, Texas (P30-CA054174), Susan G. Komen for the Cure (POP 2000 704), and the National Cancer Institute via Redes En Acción (U01-CA86117 and U54 CA153511-01). Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD08-05.
Bacterial Chemotaxis in Relation to Neurobiology
Authors: D E Koshland
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1980)

Bacteria have a simple sensory system and they exhibit behavioral re­ sponses. Since they are monocellular organisms it is legitimate to ask whether the study of such a system can be relevant to neurobiology, which, by its nature, involves interaction between many cells. The answer is that relevant information has already been uncovered, which may be helpful in studies on neural networks, and this chapter attempts to describe some of the findings in bacteria and their relationships to more complex systems. To a first approximation the understanding of a brain involves two ex­ treme problems. On the one hand there is the wiring problem, and on the other hand there is the problem of the  However, the neuron is not simply a switch. It is a relatively complex cell that adds enormously to the capacity of the brain because it is by itself able to perform a great deal of information processing. If the brain is considered to be analogous to a giant computer, the neuron must be'considered closer to a pocket calculator than fl simple switch. In such a system, therefore, a fundamental under­ standing of the role of the individual cell will not only be important per se but will also help in understanding the design of the wiring diagram. If one is willing to accept that the chemistry of the individual neuron is relevant to an understanding of the overall system, it remains to decide whether the study of a bacterial cell is relevant to the understanding of the neuron. The answer to this question can be answered in part by historical precedent. At the biochemical level it has been proved repeatedly that all cells have characteristics in common. The same question of relevance of the bacterial system has been asked in relation to the genetic code, carbohydrate metabolism, energy sources, transport properties, etc. In each case the
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction and Hypertension in Mice With Targeted Disruption of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS 3) Gene
Authors: Wolfgang Steudel, Fumito Ichinose, Paul L. Huang, William E. Hurford, Rosemary C. Jones, John A. Bevan, Mark C. Fishman, Warren M. Zapol
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract NO, synthesized in endothelial cells by endothelial NO synthase (NOS 3), is believed to be an important endogenous pulmonary vasodilator substance that contributes to the normal low pulmonary vascular resistance. To selectively investigate the role of NOS 3 in the pulmonary circulation, mice with targeted disruption of the NOS 3 gene were studied. Pulmonary hemodynamics were studied by measuring pulmonary artery pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and lower thoracic aortic flow by using a novel open-chest technique. Transient partial occlusion of the inferior vena cava was used to assess the pulmonary artery pressure-flow relationship. Tension developed by isolated pulmonary artery segments after acetylcholine stimulation was measured in vitro. The histological appearance of NOS 3–deficient and wild-type murine lungs was compared. NOS 3–deficient mice (n=27), when compared with wild-type mice (n=32), had pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery pressure, 19.0±0.8 versus 16.4±0.6 mm Hg [mean±SE]; P &lt;.05) that was due to an increased total pulmonary resistance (62±6 versus 33±2 mm Hg·min·g·mL −1 ; P &lt;.001). In vitro, acetylcholine induced vasodilation in the main pulmonary arteries of wild-type but not NOS 3–deficient mice. The morphology of the lungs of NOS 3–deficient mice did not differ from that of wild-type mice. We conclude that NOS 3 is a key enzyme responsible for providing basal pulmonary NO release. Congenital NOS 3 deficiency produces mild pulmonary hypertension in mice.
Bosentan: A novel therapy for leg ulcers in Werner syndrome
Authors: Shinji Noda, Yoshihide Asano, Sho Masuda, Takuya Miyagawa, Miki Sugita, Mizuho Yamamoto, Asako Kogure, Zenshiro Tamaki, Hiroshi Mitsui, Toshihiko Hoashi, Makoto Sugaya, Shinichi Sato
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Influence of Oxygen and Culture Media on Plating Efficiency of Some Mammalian Tissue Cells
Authors: Alan Richter, Katherine K. Sanford, Virginia J. Evans
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Influence of Oxygen and Culture Media on Plating Efficiency of Some Mammalian Tissue Cells Get access Alan Richter, Alan Richter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Katherine K. Sanford, Katherine K. Sanford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Virginia J. Evans Virginia J. Evans Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 49, Issue 6, December 1972, Pages 1705–1712, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/49.6.1705 Published: 01 December 1972 Article history Received: 07 June 1972 Revision received: 17 August 1972 Accepted: 23 August 1972 Published: 01 December 1972
MILKER'S NODULES
Authors: C. Guy Lane
Journal: JAMA (1953)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —I noted with interest the editorial on milker's nodules in the May 2, 1953, issue of The Journal. While there have been very few cases in the country, there was at least one in New England. I discussed that case and showed a very good photograph of the nodules when I presented a paper, Criteria for Diagnosis of Occupational Skin Diseases, in Ohio. The paper was published later (Ohio State M. J.36:937 [Sept.] 1940). I think it was excellent that the disease was described in an editorial, because I imagine that more cases have been seen than have been reported in the literature.
Low temperature and conventional scanning electron microscopic observations of dog femoral condylar cartilage surface after anterior cruciate ligament division.
Authors: P O'Connor, K Oates, D L Gardner, J F Middleton, C R Orford, J D Brereton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The left stifle joints of 16 beagle dogs were subjected to surgical division of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The femoral condyles showed surface alterations and damage after 14 days when examined by low temperature (LTSEM) and conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The first change was an increase in the fibrous texture of the articular cartilage surface. Folds and surface roughening were later recognised. After 112 days deformation and disruption gave way to cracking or fracture of the surface layers. Superficial damage was focal in distribution and accompanied by a decrease in the frequency of tertiary elevations. The affected areas of cartilage increased in frequency and size with time and surgery. The observations obtained from LTSEM, in which the tissue remains fully hydrated during examination, may be caused by alterations in water content and a loss of proteoglycan at the surface, together with changes in cell shape and size. Surface cracks may be the en face appearance of histological fibrillation.
miR-20a Encoded by the miR-17–92 Cluster Increases the Metastatic Potential of Osteosarcoma Cells by Regulating Fas Expression
Authors: Gangxiong Huang, Kazumasa Nishimoto, Zhichao Zhou, Dennis Hughes, Eugenie S. Kleinerman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The ability of osteosarcoma cells to form lung metastases has been inversely correlated to cell surface Fas expression. Downregulation of Fas allows osteosarcoma cells to circumvent FasL-mediated apoptosis upon entrance into the FasL+ lung microenvironment. However, the mechanism of Fas regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that miRNA plays a role in the downregulation of Fas expression in osteosarcoma. Expression levels of several members of the miR-17–92 cluster including miR-20a and miR-19a were found to be higher in metastatic low-Fas–expressing LM7 cells than in the parental nonmetastatic high-Fas–expressing SAOS-2 cells. We also found an inverse correlation between Fas and miR-20a expression in all 8 cell lines derived from patient samples. Overexpression of miR-20a consistently resulted in the downregulation of Fas expression in SAOS-2 cells and thus in decreased sensitivity to FasL. Conversely, inhibiting miR-20a in LM7 cells increased Fas expression and their sensitivity to FasL. Mice injected with LM7 stably transfected with anti-miR-20a had fewer metastases than those with control plasmids. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-20a, encoded by miR-17–92, downregulates Fas expression in osteosarcoma, thus contributing to the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma cells by altering the phenotype and allowing survival in the FasL+ lung microenvironment. Cancer Res; 72(4); 908–16. ©2011 AACR.
To be or not to be a piRNA: genomic origin and processing of piRNAs
Authors: Adrien Le Thomas, Katalin Fejes Tóth, Alexei A Aravin
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Abstract Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) originate from genomic regions dubbed piRNA clusters. How cluster transcripts are selected for processing into piRNAs is not understood. We discuss evidence for the involvement of chromatin structure and maternally inherited piRNAs in determining their fate.
Transcriptional Response to Hypoxia in Human Tumors
Authors: A. Lal, H. Peters, B. St. Croix, Z. A. Haroon, M. W. Dewhirst, R. L. Strausberg, J. H. A. M. Kaanders, A. J. van der Kogel, G. J. Riggins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: The presence of hypoxic regions within solid tumors is associated with a more malignant tumor phenotype and worse prognosis. To obtain a blood supply and protect against cellular damage and death, oxygen-deprived cells in tumors alter gene expression, resulting in resistance to therapy. To investigate the mechanisms by which cancer cells adapt to hypoxia, we looked for novel hypoxia-induced genes. Methods: The transcriptional response to hypoxia in human glioblastoma cells was quantified with the use of serial analysis of gene expression. The time course of gene expression in response to hypoxia in a panel of various human tumor cell lines was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hypoxic regions of human carcinomas were chemically marked with pimonidazole. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to examine gene expression in the tumor's hypoxic regions. Results: From the 24 504 unique transcripts expressed, 10 new hypoxia-regulated genes were detected—all induced, to a greater extent than vascular endothelial growth factor, a hypoxia-induced mitogen that promotes blood vessel growth. These genes also responded to hypoxia in breast and colon cancer cells and were activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1, a key regulator of hypoxic responses. In tumors, gene expression was limited to hypoxic regions. Induced genes included hexabrachion (an extracellular matrix glycoprotein), stanniocalcin 1 (a calcium homeostasis protein), and an angiopoietin-related gene. Conclusions: We have identified the genes that are transcriptionally activated within hypoxic malignant cells, a crucial first step in understanding the complex interactions driving hypoxia response. Within our catalogue of hypoxia-responsive genes are novel candidates for hypoxia-driven angiogenesis.
Management and morbidity of cellulitis of the leg
Authors: Neil H Cox, Graham B Colver, William D Paterson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

Ascending cellulitis of the leg is a common emergency. An audit was conducted in two district general hospitals to determine how it is managed and the long-term morbidity, and to formulate a treatment strategy. Case notes were reviewed for 92 patients admitted to hospital under adult specialties. Mean duration of inpatient therapy was 10 days. A likely portal of entry was identified in 51/92 cases, of which the commonest were minor injuries and tinea pedis. Pathogens were rarely identified, group G streptococci being the single most frequent organism. Benzylpenicillin was administered in only 43 cases. Long-term morbidity, identified in 8 of 70 patients with over six months' follow-up, included persistent oedema (6) and leg ulceration (2); an additional 19 patients had either suffered previous episodes or experienced a further episode subsequently. Ascending cellulitis of the leg has substantial short-term and long-term morbidity. Important but often neglected therapeutic suggestions are the inclusion of benzylpenicillin in all cases without a contraindication, assessment and treatment of tinea pedis, use of support hosiery, and serological testing for streptococci to confirm the diagnosis in retrospect. The high frequency of recurrent episodes suggests that longer courses of penicillin, or penicillin prophylaxis, might be useful.
Rise in serum C reactive protein after hip and knee arthroplasties in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: K Laiho
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Serum C reactive protein (CRP) concentration was evaluated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to ascertain the postoperative CRP response.Thirty seven consecutive patients with RA who had undergone THA or TKA were included in the study. The CRP concentration was measured in every patient once preoperatively and every other day for one week postoperatively.The peak median CRP concentration (94 mg/l) was achieved on the first and second day postoperatively and was seven times higher than the median preoperative concentration (13 mg/l). CRP declined to the preoperative concentration in about one week. The rise of the CRP concentration was significant (p< 0.001). No infection was encountered in this series.A rapid rise in the postoperative CRP concentration is normal in patients with RA treated by THA or TKA. The CRP concentration decreases to the preoperative value in about one week. Serial CRP measurements, including at least one preoperative measurement, are needed when the clinical significance of the postoperative CRP values is evaluated. When the postoperative CRP concentration remains raised for several days compared with the preoperative value, or even rises, it may indicate the presence of a complication in these patients.
microRNA Expression Profiles Identify Subtypes of Mantle Cell Lymphoma with Different Clinicobiological Characteristics
Authors: Alba Navarro, Guillem Clot, Miriam Prieto, Cristina Royo, Maria Carmela Vegliante, Virginia Amador, Elena Hartmann, Itziar Salaverria, Sílvia Beà, Jose Ignacio Martín-Subero, Andreas Rosenwald, German Ott, Adrian Wiestner, Wyndham H. Wilson, Elías Campo, Luis Hernández
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: microRNAs (miRNA) are posttranscriptional gene regulators that may be useful as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. We aim to study the expression profiles of a high number of miRNAs and their relationship with clinicopathologic and biologic relevant features in leukemic mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). Experimental Design: Expression profiling of 664 miRNAs was investigated using a high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR platform in 30 leukemic MCLs. Statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to define miRNAs associated with different clinicopathologic parameters. Gene expression profiling was investigated by microarrays in 16 matching cases to study the potential genes and pathways targeted by selected miRNAs. The prognostic value of miR-34a was investigated in 2 independent series of 29 leukemic and 50 nodal MCLs. Results: Robust consensus clustering defined 2 main MCL subgroups with significant differences in the immunoglobulin (IGHV) mutational status, SOX11 expression, genomic complexity, and nodal clinical presentation. Supervised analyses of IGHV and SOX11 categories identified 17 and 22 miRNAs differentially expressed, respectively. Enriched targets of these miRNAs corresponded to relevant pathways in MCL pathogenesis such as DNA stress response, CD40 signaling, and chromatin modification. In addition, we found 7 miRNAs showing prognostic significance independently of IGHV status and SOX11 expression. Among them, miR-34a was also associated with poor prognosis in 2 independent series of leukemic and nodal MCL, and in cooperation with high expression of the MYC oncogene. Conclusion: We have identified miRNAs and target pathways related to clinical and biologic variants of leukemic MCL, and validated miR-34a as a prognostic marker in MCL. Clin Cancer Res; 19(12); 3121–9. ©2013 AACR.
Management of elderly patients with NSCLC; updated expert's opinion paper: EORTC Elderly Task Force, Lung Cancer Group and International Society for Geriatric Oncology
Authors: A.G. Pallis, C. Gridelli, U. Wedding, C. Faivre-Finn, G. Veronesi, M. Jaklitsch, A. Luciani, M. O'Brien
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
SEVENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, HELD AT MANCHESTER
Authors: ARTHUR WHITFIELD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1902)

LUPUS ERYTHENATOSUS.noted the scarcity of wax, but did not expect to find it absent in such a large proportion of cases.The appearance of the meatus suggested that there was an atrophy of the deep parts and an increase of the surface horny layer.The same, as has been shown, occurs frequently in the nose, and, as I hope to have an opportunity, in a future communication, of showing, in the mouth as well.
Optimization of Rituximab for the Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (II): Extended Rituximab Exposure Time in the SMARTE-R-CHOP-14 Trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Michael Pfreundschuh, Viola Poeschel, Samira Zeynalova, Mathias Hänel, Gerhard Held, Norbert Schmitz, Andreas Viardot, Martin H. Dreyling, Michael Hallek, Carsten Mueller, Martin H.J. Wiesen, Mathias Witzens-Harig, Lorenz Truemper, Ulrich Keller, Tanja Rixecker, Carsten Zwick, Niels Murawski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose To study pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and efficacy of prolonged rituximab exposure in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Patients and Methods In the SMARTE-R-CHOP-14 trial, rituximab 375 mg/m 2 was administered, together with six cycles of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone on a 14-day schedule (6×R-CHOP-14), on days −4, 0, 10, 29, 57, 99, 155, and 239. Pharmacokinetics and outcome were to be compared with those of patients who had received 6×R-CHOP-14 in combination with eight 2-week applications of rituximab in the RICOVER-60 (Rituximab With CHOP Over Age 60 Years) trial. Results The complete response (CR)/unconfirmed CR rate was 85% in 189 evaluable patients, 90% for 90 good-prognosis patients (International Prognostic Index [IPI], 1 or 2), and 81% for 99 poor-prognosis patients (IPI, 3 to 5); 3-year event-free survival (EFS) was 71%, 75%, and 67%, respectively; and 3-year overall survival (OS) was 84%, 88%, and 80%, respectively, with no differences between men and women. The preplanned historical comparison with 306 RICOVER-60 patients (good prognosis, n = 183; poor prognosis, n = 123) revealed no outcome differences for all and good-prognosis patients; however, the longer exposure time in SMARTE-R-CHOP-14 compared with RICOVER-60 was associated with better 3-year EFS (67% v 54%) and OS (80% v 67%) in poor-prognosis patients. Conclusion Extended rituximab exposure compared with eight 2-week applications in combination with 6×R-CHOP-14 significantly improved outcome of elderly poor-prognosis patients without increasing toxicity. To our knowledge, results obtained with the SMARTE-R-CHOP-14 rituximab schedule are the best reported for elderly patients with DLBCL to date. In the subgroup of poor-prognosis patients treated with extended rituximab exposure, the outcome seemed superior to that of a similar historical cohort of patients treated with 6×R-CHOP-14 plus 2-week rituximab, with similar toxicity. A randomized comparison of the two schedules is warranted.
In memoriam Rene Peslin
Authors: F. Marchal, R. Farré
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Rene Peslin, director of Unite 14 INSERM in Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France, from 1985 to 1999, passed away on October 6, 2009.

As a young MD in the 1960s, he had been recruited as a researcher by Paul Sadoul, the founder of one of the very first INSERM units. At that time there was great concern about the deadly exposure of mine workers to coal and silica, and the European Community for Steel and Coal (ECSC) funded research programmes to study lung function in coal miners. Rene took part in a number of such studies, which included examining subjects on site in the northernmost area of Lorraine (France), after travelling for hours in an old van that would sometimes fall apart. Rene was actively involved with, and soon became an Associate Editor of, the Bulletin …
Clinicians and patients need to be convinced that benefits of big data outweigh risks, MPs are told
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A lot of work is needed to convince many doctors and patients of the benefits of collecting and using “big data” to help improve patient care and make the NHS more efficient, MPs have been told.

But witnesses appearing before the House of Commons science and technology committee during an evidence session on 27 October for its inquiry into big data—large, complex datasets—argued that the effort was worth it.

The MPs asked what could be done to tackle the public’s suspicion of how big data should be used, after what happened with the care.data scheme in England. The scheme, in which data from patients’ general practice records are gathered and linked to hospital episode statistics, was suspended last …