tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Teenage pregnancy rates and the age and sex of general practitioners. Authors reply [letter]
Authors: Hippisley-Cox J
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This article is a reply by Julia Hippisley-Cox to the issues raised by critics on the study associating lower teenage pregnancy rates and young and female general practitioners.  She states that the study did not intend to recommend age and sex discrimination in employment practice.  In defense Hippisley-Cox explained that the study presented a practice level analysis and not a general practitioner level analysis.  She also acknowledges the limitations identified by Wai-Ching Leung and provides valid reasons for them particularly on the skills and qualifications of doctors and the inclusion criteria for pregnant girls. Furthermore Hippisley-Cox agrees with Babatunde Gbolade that record linkage analysis may indeed be beneficial in obtaining accurate data on teenage pregnancies.  She explained that the group made every effort to obtain a unique patient identifying code; however certain problems hindered them to do so.
Vitamin D deficiency in lung transplant patients: Is it important?
Authors: Stijn Verleden, Robin Vos, Stéphanie Devleeschauwer, Annemie Vaneylen, Lieven Dupont, Geert Verleden, Dirk Vanraemdonck, Bart Vanaudenaerde
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Vitamin D deficiency is getting a lot of attention lately in various pulmonary disorders like COPD and asthma due to its immunomodulatory effect. Moreover a link between disease progression and vitamin D deficiency has been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate vitamin D deficiency in LTx patients and to examine effect on lung function.   Methods:  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels in blood and lung function (%predicted) were measured in 132 lung transplant patients during their yearly check-up post transplant stay (median (IQR) 1067 (371-1448)d).   Results:  Vitamin D deficiency ( 20 but    Conclusion:  Vitamin D deficiency is present in almost half of the lung transplant patients, associated with an impairment of lung function. This clearly shows potential for vitamin D in LTx. This is why we are currently performing a randomized placebo controlled trial about the role of vitamin D supplementation in LTx patients.  NCT01212406.
Increase incidence and mortality from primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: M. A. Mahmood, T. N. Ansari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4203 Objective: To determine the risk factors, clinicopathological features and recent trends in epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Design: It was a retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at oncology department at Combined military hospital Rawalpindi in years 1999 and 2000. Patients & Methods: The profile of fifty six patients with biopsy proven hepatocellular carcinoma were analysed in this period .the data collected was age, sex, clinical presentation and laboratory investigation including liver function test, alpha fetoprotien and hepatitis profile. RESULTS: Jaundice and right upper quadrant abdominal; pain were presenting symptoms. alpha fetoprotien values were raised in half of patients, 48 patients (85.7%) were found to have or had HBV infection, and 40 patients (71.4%) were anti HCV positive. History of alcohol abuse was found in only one patient. Conclusion: The association with hepatitis B and C with absence of alcohol abuse in this study suggests that the risk factors of hepatocellular are different in Pakistan from western world. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Immune Suppression and Response to Ipilimumab: Assessing Risk-to-Benefit Ratio
Authors: Alice Indini, Massimo Di Nicola, Michele Del Vecchio, Filippo De Braud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

TO THE EDITOR: In their recent article, Horvat et al evaluated the effects of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in about 300 patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ipilimumab. In recent years, accumulating data suggested that ipilimumab supports the activation of the immune system, thus promoting antitumor immunity. However, immune system activation may induce in turn normal tissue injury (ie, irAEs), which occurs in about 60% to 80% of patients treated. The authors observed that both irAEs (any severity) and the administration of systemic immunosuppressive therapies (ie, corticosteroids) did not influence survival outcome. This information is useful in clinical practice for patients affected by metastatic melanoma treated with ipilimumab, in whom corticosteroid use is generally avoided. However, the following points of this paper deserve to be addressed. There is growing evidence showing that an (excessive) activation of the immune response, leading to immune-related toxicities, is associated with an improved response to immunotherapy. By this point of view, it would be interesting to assess the prognosis of patients who experienced severe irAEs with corticosteroid rescue. In addition, the authors should clarify if the patients with irAEs achieved a response to ipilimumab before the start of corticosteroid rescue. In the latter case we can hypothesize that, when an efficient immune reaction is activated by ipilimumab, administration of immunosuppressive therapies does not influence response to treatment. In fact, although the efficacy of systemic steroids in suppressing immune response is well known, the kinetics of development (time and dose relation) of such immunosuppressive effect are not completely clear. In this regard, knowledge of the schedule and the dose of corticosteroid that had been used would be useful information. Improving knowledge of the relationship between systemic immune activation and clinical responses to immune therapies would be helpful from a clinical point of view. In fact, an effective immunotherapy should be continued even if patients experience irAEs, making rescue with corticosteroids not harmful for their activity. Further attempts are needed to improve the care of patients and their quality of life.
Nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) may predict efficacy of cetuximab therapy in EGFR-positive colorectal cancer
Authors: M. Scartozzi, I. Bearzi, C. Pierantoni, A. Mandolesi, F. Loupakis, V. Catalano, R. Berardi, R. Silva, A. Falcone, S. Cascinu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14036 Background: NF-kB is part of the aberrant activation of the EGFR-downstream signalling pathway in colorectal tumours, which is described to be inhibited by anti-EGFR therapies. Methods: We retrospectively analysed nuclear immunoreactivity for NF-kB with the aim to determine a correlation between NF-kB expression and outcome in terms of response rate and time to progression in EGFR-positive advanced colorectal cancer patients receiving cetuximab and irinotecan. Results: To date 67 patients (40 males and 27 females, median age 62, range 38–78) were analysed. Cetuximab and irinotecan were administered as a second-line in 18 cases (27%) and after = 3 lines of chemotherapy in the remaining 49 patients (63%). Among the 56 patients evaluable for response we observed a partial (PR) or a complete response (CR) in 10 and 1 cases respectively for an overall response rate of 20%. Twenty-seven patients (48%) obtained progressive disease, median time to progression (TTP) was 3,6 months, median overall survival was 16 months. NF-kB was positive in 46 cases (69%). All main clinical characteristics resulted well balanced between NF-kB positive and NF-kB negative patients. Response rate was 6% (2 PR) vs 43% (8 PR and 1 CR) (p= 0.001) in NF-kB positive and NF-kB negative tumours respectively whereas progressive disease was observed in 19 (54%) vs 8 (23%) cases in NF-kB positive and NF-kB negative cases respectively. Median TTP in NF- kB positive patients was 2.9 months versus 6.8 months in the remaining NF-kB negative patients (p= 0.01). Conclusions: Both the difference in median TTP and in response rate seem to confirm that NF-kB may play a crucial role in predicting the efficacy of cetuximab therapy in advanced colorectal tumours. The analysis is ongoing and updated results on an expanded number of cases will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Antitumor activity of SRJ13 against estrogen and non-estrogen sensitive breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Siong Meng Lim, Nor Hassan, Srinivasa Jada, Siang Hui Lim, Johnson Stanslas
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

C30 

SRJ13 is a semisynthetic compound derived from andrographolide, a pharmacologically active compound isolated from Andrographis paniculata . The National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the USA in vitro anticancer screening reported SRJ13 to have strong selectivity towards breast cancers. Further investigation expressed in the form of the NCI anticancer map showed the mechanism of SRJ13 is of an unknown category. A subsequent study was conducted to investigate the antitumour activity of SRJ13 in comparison to tamoxifen, against MDA-MB-231 (non-estrogen sensitive) and T47D (estrogen sensitive) breast cancer cell lines. The cancer cells were exposed to the single treatment of SRJ13 and tamoxifen respectively for 96 hours after which viability of the cells was determined using the MTT assay to generate GI50 values. The GI50 for SRJ13 against MDA-MB-231 and T47D were 7.0μM and 9.2μM, respectively. This indicates that SRJ13 is slightly more selective against the non-estrogen sensitive breast cancer cell line. When compared to the activity of tamoxifen, an established antioestrogen, against MDA-MB-231, SRJ13 was found to be significantly more potent. The GI50 of tamoxifen was 2.7 times higher than that of the SRJ13. On the other hand, tamoxifen was found to be equally as potent as SRJ13 when tested against T47D. Conclusively, it is possible that the mechanism of SRJ13 may not be influenced by hormonal activity.
Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Leukemia EL4 in C57BL Mice2
Authors: Andrew Kemp, Gideon Berke, James Crowell, Bernard Amos
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Leukemia EL4 in C57BL Mice Get access Andrew Kemp, Andrew Kemp 3Recipient of a fellowship from the New York Cancer Research Institute4Division of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. 27710 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gideon Berke, Gideon Berke 4Division of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. 27710 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James Crowell, James Crowell 4Division of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. 27710 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernard Amos Bernard Amos 4Division of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. 27710 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 51, Issue 6, December 1973, Pages 1877–1882, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/51.6.1877 Published: 01 December 1973 Article history Received: 08 May 1973 Accepted: 20 August 1973 Published: 01 December 1973
Brief Communication: Differential Susceptibility of Four Mouse Strains to Induction of Multiple Large-Bowel Neoplasms by 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine2
Authors: James T. Evans, Theodore S. Hauschka, Arnold Mittelman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Weekly subcutaneous injections of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine into inbred ICR/Ha, randombred ICR/ Ha, C57BL/Ha, and DBA/2 mice produced tumors only in the ICR strains. Therefore, strain specificity of an organotropic chemical carcinogenesis model has been established.
Impact Of Cytarabine Dose In The Induction Regimen On The Outcome Of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Or Without NPM1 and/Or FLT3 Mutations: A SWOG and MD Anderson Cancer Center Report
Authors: Farhad Ravandi, Megan Othus, Stefan H. Faderl, Derek L. Stirewalt, Sherry R. Pierce, Gautam Borthakur, John Godwin, Jeanne E. Anderson, Stephen Petersdorf, Jorge E. Cortes, Fabiana Ostronoff, Era Pogosova-Agadijanyan, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Elihu H. Estey
Journal: Blood (2013)
PR55α Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A Supports the Tumorigenic and Metastatic Potential of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Sustaining Hyperactive Oncogenic Signaling
Authors: Ashley L. Hein, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Yuri M. Sheinin, Michel M. Ouellette, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Marc C. Mumby, Surinder K. Batra, Ying Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) holoenzyme consists of a catalytic subunit, a scaffold subunit, and a regulatory subunit. Based on loss-of-function analysis using PP2A catalytic inhibitors or inhibition via tumor viral antigens, limited studies suggest that PP2A is a putative tumor suppressor. However, PP2A has also been shown to facilitate the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways when associated with specific regulatory subunits. In this study, we investigated the possible oncogenic role of PP2A in pancreatic cancer. We found a striking increase in the expression of PR55α (PPP2R2A), a PP2A regulatory subunit, in pancreatic cancer cells compared with normal pancreatic epithelial cells. Consistently, PR55α expression was markedly elevated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal pancreatic tissues (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and correlated with poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients (P &amp;lt; 0.0003). RNAi-mediated depletion of PR55α in pancreatic cancer cell lines resulted in diminished phosphorylation of both AKT and ERK1/2 (MAPK3/1) and decreased protein levels of β-catenin (CTNNB1). Accordingly, pancreatic cancer cells with reduced PR55α expression exhibited significantly impaired properties of transformation, including attenuated cell growth, clonogenicity, mobility, and anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, orthotopic implantation of PR55α-depleted pancreatic cancer cells into nude mice resulted in markedly reduced tumorigenicity (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and distant metastases. Together, these results suggest that PR55α promotes pancreatic cancer development by sustaining hyperactivity of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, including AKT, ERK, and Wnt. These studies also provide a basis for exploring PR55α as a diagnostic or therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2243–53. ©2016 AACR.
Polymorphisms in ERCC2 and overall survival (OS) in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: R. Suk, S. Park, G. Liu, T. Cogan-Drew, W. Zhou, L. Su, T. Lynch, J. Wain, D. Christiani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9524 Background: ERCC2 is an important enzyme in nucleotide excision repair. Polymorphisms in the ERCC2 gene may affect DNA repair capacity and prognosis. Methods: We evaluated the relationship between the ERCC2 Asp312Asn and Lys751Gln polymorphisms and OS among surgically resected Stage I and II NSCLC patients. Genotyping was done using modified PCR-RFLP methods, Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank test were used to compare OS by polymorphism status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for possible confounding variables. Results: There were 405 patients in this study. Median age 69 yrs; 51% male; 52% Stage IA, 29% IB, 4% IIA, 15% IIB. 63% lobectomy; 23% wedge resection; 7% pneumonectomy; 3% sleeve lobectomy; 3% bilobectomy; 1% other. 49% adenocarcinoma; 29% squamous; 12% BAC; 4% large cell; 6% other NSCLC. Genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: Asp/Asp 40%, Asp/Asn 45%, Asn/Asn 15%; Lys/Lys 44%, Lys/Gln 41%, Gln/Gln 15%. The two polymorphisms were linked. Median follow-up time was 5.9 yrs. There were 209 deaths. Median survival time (MST) was longer among patients carrying the variant Asn or Gln allele: MST Arg/Arg 5.4 yrs; Arg/Asn or Asn/Asn 7.5 yrs (log-rank test, p = 0.06); MST Lys/Lys 5.0 yrs; Lys/Gln or Gln/Gln 7.6 yrs (log-rank test, p < 0.01). On univariate analysis, age, sex, stage, BAC histology, and the Lys751Gln polymorphism were significantly associated with OS, while the Arg312Asn polymorphism had a borderline association. After adjusting for age, sex, stage, and BAC histology, carrying the Asn or Gln variant alleles was associated with improved OS (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55–0.95, p = 0.02; HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.83, p < 0.01; respectively). Conclusions: Carrying the variant allele of the ERCC2 Arg312Asn or Lys751Gln polymorphism is associated with improved OS in surgically resected Stage I/II NSCLC. Supported by NIH grants CA074386, CA092824, 5T32CA071345. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Multiple Gongylonema pulchrum worms in a human esophagus
Authors: Qing Huang, Jiangyuan Wang, Tiesheng Yang, Yulan Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

A 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with chest congestion of 1 month's duration. He had no medical history. After physical and hematological examination revealed no abnormalities, gastroscopy was recommended.
Provision of social norm feedback to high prescribers of antibiotics in general practice: a pragmatic national randomised controlled trial
Authors: Michael Hallsworth, Tim Chadborn, Anna Sallis, Michael Sanders, Daniel Berry, Felix Greaves, Lara Clements, Sally C Davies
Journal: The Lancet (2016)

Unnecessary antibiotic prescribing contributes to antimicrobial resistance. In this trial, we aimed to reduce unnecessary prescriptions of antibiotics by general practitioners (GPs) in England.In this randomised, 2 × 2 factorial trial, publicly available databases were used to identify GP practices whose prescribing rate for antibiotics was in the top 20% for their National Health Service (NHS) Local Area Team. Eligible practices were randomly assigned (1:1) into two groups by computer-generated allocation sequence, stratified by NHS Local Area Team. Participants, but not investigators, were blinded to group assignment. On Sept 29, 2014, every GP in the feedback intervention group was sent a letter from England's Chief Medical Officer and a leaflet on antibiotics for use with patients. The letter stated that the practice was prescribing antibiotics at a higher rate than 80% of practices in its NHS Local Area Team. GPs in the control group received no communication. The sample was re-randomised into two groups, and in December, 2014, GP practices were either sent patient-focused information that promoted reduced use of antibiotics or received no communication. The primary outcome measure was the rate of antibiotic items dispensed per 1000 weighted population, controlling for past prescribing. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN32349954, and has been completed.Between Sept 8 and Sept 26, 2014, we recruited and assigned 1581 GP practices to feedback intervention (n=791) or control (n=790) groups. Letters were sent to 3227 GPs in the intervention group. Between October, 2014, and March, 2015, the rate of antibiotic items dispensed per 1000 population was 126.98 (95% CI 125.68-128.27) in the feedback intervention group and 131.25 (130.33-132.16) in the control group, a difference of 4.27 (3.3%; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.967 [95% CI 0.957-0.977]; p<0.0001), representing an estimated 73,406 fewer antibiotic items dispensed. In December, 2014, GP practices were re-assigned to patient-focused intervention (n=777) or control (n=804) groups. The patient-focused intervention did not significantly affect the primary outcome measure between December, 2014, and March, 2015 (antibiotic items dispensed per 1000 population: 135.00 [95% CI 133.77-136.22] in the patient-focused intervention group and 133.98 [133.06-134.90] in the control group; IRR for difference between groups 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02; p=0.105).Social norm feedback from a high-profile messenger can substantially reduce antibiotic prescribing at low cost and at national scale; this outcome makes it a worthwhile addition to antimicrobial stewardship programmes.Public Health England.
What Now? What Next?
Authors: John Hansen-Flaschen
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Moderate and Subsequent Progressive Weight Loss on Metabolic Function and Adipose Tissue Biology in Humans with Obesity
Authors: Faidon Magkos, Gemma Fraterrigo, Jun Yoshino, Courtney Luecking, Kyleigh Kirbach, Shannon C. Kelly, Lisa de las Fuentes, Songbing He, Adewole L. Okunade, Bruce W. Patterson, Samuel Klein
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2016)