tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Abnormal Movements in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Susan K. Schultz, Stephan Arndt, Beng-Choon Ho, Susan E. Oliver, Nancy C. Andreasen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Diabetes mellitus has been implicated as a risk factor for tardive dyskinesia. The authors examined the association between abnormal movements and impaired glucose metabolism, which often precedes the development of overt diabetes, in patients with schizophrenia.Twenty-one patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia receiving neuroleptic medication were given oral glucose tolerance tests involving serial glucose and insulin levels. These values were analyzed in relationship to abnormal involuntary movement ratings.Patients with impaired glucose tolerance had higher mean abnormal movement scores than those without glucose intolerance, but this difference was not statistically significant. There was, however, an association between the magnitude of the fasting insulin level and abnormal movements after the authors controlled for fasting glucose level. Additionally, the fasting glucose level predicted abnormal movements after the authors controlled for age.Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance may potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia. Findings from this small cross-sectional study suggest a possible relationship that requires clarification through larger, longitudinal studies.
Proton Beam Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Review of 162 Patients
Authors: Toshiya Chiba, Koichi Tokuuye, Yasushi Matsuzaki, Shinji Sugahara, Yoshimichi Chuganji, Kenji Kagei, Junichi Shoda, Masaharu Hata, Masato Abei, Hiroshi Igaki, Naomi Tanaka, Yasuyuki Akine
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: We present results of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with proton beam therapy. Experimental Design: We reviewed 162 patients having 192 HCCs treated from November 1985 to July 1998 by proton beam therapy with or without transarterial embolization and percutaneous ethanol injection. The patients in the present series were considered unsuitable for surgery for various reasons, including hepatic dysfunction, multiple tumors, recurrence after surgical resection, and concomitant illnesses. The median total dose of proton irradiation was 72 Gy in 16 fractions over 29 days. Results: The overall survival rate for all of the 162 patients was 23.5% at 5 years. The local control rate at 5 years was 86.9% for all 192 tumors among the 162 patients. The degree of impairment of hepatic functions attributable to coexisting liver cirrhosis and the number of tumors in the liver significantly affected patient survival. For 50 patients having least impaired hepatic functions and a solitary tumor, the survival rate at 5 years was 53.5%. The patients had very few acute reactions to treatments and a few late sequelae during and after the treatments. Conclusions: Proton beam therapy for patients with HCC is effective, safe, well tolerable, and repeatable. It is the useful treatment mode for either cure or palliation for patients with HCC irrespective of tumor size, tumor location in the liver, insufficient feeding of the tumor with arteries, presence of vascular invasion, impaired hepatic functions, and coexisting intercurrent diseases.
Electrocardiograms Should Be Included in Preparticipation Screening of Athletes
Authors: Robert J. Myerburg, Victoria L. Vetter
Journal: Circulation (2007)

P waveLeft atrial enlargement: negative portion of the P wave in lead V 1 Ն0.1 mV in depth and Ն0.04 s in duration Right atrial enlargement: peaked P wave in leads II and III or V 1 Ն0.25 mV in amplitude QRS complex Frontal plane axis deviation: right Ն120°or left Ϫ30°to Ϫ90°I ncreased voltage: amplitude of R or S wave in a standard lead Ն2 mV, S wave in lead V 1 or V 2 Ն3 mV, or R wave in lead V 5 or V 6 Ն3 mV Abnormal Q waves Ն0.04 s in duration or Ն25% of the height of the ensuing R wave or QS pattern in Ն2 leads Right or left bundle-branch block with QRS duration Ն0.12 s R or RЈ wave in lead V 1 Ն0.5 mV in amplitude and R/S ratio Ն1 ST segment, T waves, and QT interval ST-segment depression or T-wave flattening or inversion in Ն2 leads Prolongation of heart rate-corrected QT interval Ͼ0.44 s in males and Ͼ0.46 s in females Rhythm and conduction abnormalities Premature ventricular beats or more severe ventricular arrhythmias Supraventricular tachycardias, atrial flutter, or atrial fibrillation Short PR interval (Ͻ0.12 s) with or without delta wave Sinus bradycardia with resting heart rate Յ40 bpm* First-(PR Ն0.21 s †), second-, or third-degree atrioventricular block
Dose-Dependent Effects of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-B on Glial Tumorigenesis
Authors: Alan H. Shih, Chengkai Dai, Xiaoyi Hu, Marc K. Rosenblum, Jason A. Koutcher, Eric C. Holland
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is expressed in many different tumors, but its precise roles in tumorigenesis remain to be fully defined. Here, we report on a mouse model that demonstrates dose-dependent effects of PDGF-B on glial tumorigenesis. By removing inhibitory regulatory elements in the PDGFB mRNA, we are able to substantially elevate its expression in tumor cells using a retroviral delivery system. This elevation in PDGF-B production results in tumors with shortened latency, increased cellularity, regions of necrosis, and general high-grade character. In addition, elevated PDGF-B in these tumors also mediates vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment that supports tumor angiogenesis. PDGF receptor (PDGFR) signaling appears to be required for the maintenance of these high-grade characteristics, because treatment of high-grade tumors with a small molecule inhibitor of PDGFR results in reversion to a lower grade tumor histology. Our data show that PDGFR signaling quantitatively regulates tumor grade and is required to sustain high-grade oligodendrogliomas.
Genomic Alterations in the RB Pathway Indicate Prognostic Outcomes of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Seongmin Choi, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Chang Ohk Sung, Jongkyu Kim, Sukjun Kim, Sung-Min Ahn, Chang-min Choi, Sung-Min Chun, Eun Kyung Choi, Sang-We Kim, Yong-Hee Kim, Ji-Young Lee, Joon Seon Song, Deokhoon Kim, Farhan Haq, Sun Young Lee, Jong-eun Lee, Wang-rim Jung, Hye Yoon Jang, Eunho Yang, Charles Lee, Eunsil Yu, Gu Kong, Daehyun Baek, Se Jin Jang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

To better understand the complete genomic architecture of lung adenocarcinoma.We used array experiments to determine copy number variations and sequenced the complete exomes of the 247 lung adenocarcinoma tumor samples along with matched normal cells obtained from the same patients. Fully annotated clinical data were also available, providing an unprecedented opportunity to assess the impact of genomic alterations on clinical outcomes.We discovered that genomic alternations in the RB pathway are associated with significantly shorter disease-free survival in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients. This association was also observed in our independent validation cohort. The current treatment guidelines for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients recommend follow-up without adjuvant therapy after complete resection, except for high-risk patients. However, our findings raise the interesting possibility that additional clinical interventions might provide medical benefits to early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients with genomic alterations in the RB pathway. When examining the association between genomic mutation and histologic subtype, we uncovered the characteristic genomic signatures of various histologic subtypes. Notably, the solid and the micropapillary subtypes demonstrated great diversity in the mutated genes, while the mucinous subtype exhibited the most unique landscape. This suggests that a more tailored therapeutic approach should be used to treat patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Our analysis of the genomic and clinical data for 247 lung adenocarcinomas should help provide a more comprehensive genomic portrait of lung adenocarcinoma, define molecular signatures of lung adenocarcinoma subtypes, and lead to the discovery of useful prognostic markers that could be used in personalized treatments for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Correlates of Oxidative Stress and Free-Radical Activity in Serum from Asymptomatic Shipyard Welders
Authors: Sung Gu Han, Yangho Kim, Michael L. Kashon, Donna L. Pack, Vincent Castranova, Val Vallyathan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Oxidative stress is believed to play a key role in the development of welding-induced disease.This study investigated the effects of welding fume exposure on correlates of oxidative stress in the serum of asymptomatic shipyard welders.Blood samples from 197 male welders and 150 unexposed male office workers were analyzed for manganese and lead. Serum was assayed for protein, albumin, total antioxidant status (TAS), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), aconitase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heat shock protein 70, isoprostane, and reactive oxygen species, using electron spin resonance and chemiluminescence. Comparisons between welders and control subjects on biomarkers of oxidative stress were made, and evaluated for the effects of age and smoking. Associations between blood levels of manganese and lead and biomarkers were also explored.Welding was associated with increases in serum protein, GPx, aconitase, TAS, and isoprostane levels compared with control subjects. These group differences were not altered by age or smoking. In welders and control subjects, age was significantly associated with changes in albumin, TAS, chemiluminescence, GPx, and Mn-SOD. In welders and control subjects, smoking resulted in a decrease in GPx, and in a significant interaction between smoking and chemiluminescence. There were significant correlations between manganese levels in welders' blood and chemiluminescence, GPx, and Mn-SOD, and between lead levels and albumin, TAS, GPx, and Mn-SOD.These results document that exposure to welding can cause changes in serum biomarkers of oxidative stress that may be valuable in clinical monitoring of disease development and in assessing whether further reduction of worker exposures is needed.
Integration of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors with Preoperative Chemoradiation
Authors: Annelies Debucquoy, Jean-Pascal Machiels, William H. McBride, Karin Haustermans
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In many different cancer cell types, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway becomes hyperactivated because of overproduction of the ligand, overproduction of the receptor, or constitutive activation of the receptor. The overproduction of EGFR and its ligands correlates with poor prognosis in several solid tumors such as lung, colon, and ovary. These observations led to the development of EGFR inhibitors for anticancer treatment. In the last few years, promising results have been obtained in several tumor types, with EGFR inhibitors given as monotherapy or in combined treatments. In particular, cetuximab in combination with curative-intent radiotherapy in head and neck cancer increases median survival over radiation alone. Similarly, the same approach might benefit patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Unfortunately, the first clinical studies combining chemoradiation with cetuximab in rectal cancer gave disappointing results. Translational research suggested that the low response rate observed might have been due to the strong antiproliferative effect of cetuximab that may have compromised the activity of chemotherapeutics that target proliferating cells. This result indicates the need for more translational research to unravel how the molecular mechanisms might be manipulated to optimize the combined treatment regimen and to identify biomarkers that can select those patients who will derive most benefit. Clin Cancer Res; 16(10); 2709–14. ©2010 AACR.
Androgens Repress the Expression of the Angiogenesis Inhibitor Thrombospondin-1 in Normal and Neoplastic Prostate
Authors: Marc Colombel, Stéphanie Filleur, Pierick Fournier, Carole Merle, Julien Guglielmi, Aurélie Courtin, Armelle Degeorges, Claire Marie Serre, Raymonde Bouvier, Philippe Clézardin, Florence Cabon
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract In order to understand why the angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is often, although not always, associated with prostatic tumors, we have investigated its relationship with the testosterone and the vasculature on which both normal and tumorigenic prostatic epithelia depend. In vivo, androgen withdrawal led to increased TSP1 production and decreased vascularization in the normal rat prostate which was reversed by androgen replacement. Androgen repression of TSP1 production occurred at the transcriptional level and was dependent on the presence of the first intron of the TSP1 gene. In an experimental model of prostate tumorigenesis, TSP1, when delivered by admixed stromal fibroblasts, markedly delayed LNCaP tumor growth and limited tumor vascularization. However, prolonged exposure to TSP1 resulted in the growth of tumors secreting high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in the bloodstream of tumor-bearing animals and tumor growth was no longer sensitive to TSP1 inhibitory effects. Clinical evidence also suggested that prostate carcinomas are able to adapt to escape the antiangiogenic effects of TSP1. In human androgen–dependent localized prostate carcinomas, TSP1 expression was inversely correlated with blood vessel density. Androgen deprivation in patients with hormone-responsive tumors led to increased TSP1 expression and vascular regression. In contrast, despite a sustained expression in the tumor bed, TSP1 was no longer associated with decreased vascularization in hormone-refractory prostate tumors. Overall, these results suggest that the high in situ TSP1 exposure triggered by androgen deprivation in patients with prostate cancer could lead to early tumor resistance. Such patients could benefit from a combination of androgen deprivation and antiangiogenic therapy in order to minimize the induction of such tumor escape.
Two Cases of Phlegmasia Dolens in the Right Lower Extremity
Authors: R. Esler
Journal: BMJ (1884)

A 6,u14i3 TA, bUet*1iiMah)6rme44i,t T 11 4s s,rxg, but ±1kp 14 qpquiwg, has a bevelled matg .u.*'In the bones of the,horA4t a isi .ieda ly uder,; tl air cartilage, a-syet-of dewos brittle bone, w,hich whe4 stru'k, breks into cuboid fragments1 nd bepoaeqs traversed by widq gap,ng ssurq, which destroy ithjoitt, Tbere is, a sin4lar materewi i# ,swo, of, «e human bones,an I; JAVp seen a fracture of the astrgalu wA%t,,,& the, characteriBtic deseribed,'When thebiulet stries the conwpact shaft of alox'g 'bp,, itpr,- duces, as a .4. extensive fissung and, litt1 # putL!Izif.and large unmoved a linters but few ,and small digplaced and fre ones result.Fi*sures from fractures of the slaits of bones frquenty run into the neighbouring jolnts, and th,eir pree may be either direct from the point struck, or from the poiut of junction of two in-.tervening fissures.From what is here stated, it will be seen that a joint is less likely to be invaded by,fissures when Whe injury is in the true ancellous tissue, than when it is in the eompact shaft._If, now, the foregoing, descriptions of thLe injuries prodtced by rifle- bullets are.correct, it must be admitted that its wounds represent Comparatively,'little destruction of tissue, and are, from their nature, prone to heal with comparative ease and rapidity.This couclusion was borne out by what I saw at Netley of rifle- wounds received.inSouth Africa ; aud, as 'far as I4.have, been able to learn among tho woundd, in Egypt, there have beein observed' more' cases of rapid and unoomplic,ated healing; of even seveve gunshot wounds then took.placebefore the rifle-bullet was in use.At. Port Said three gaushot-wounds came under my notice, which
Treatment With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Leukemia Increases the Risk of Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Death: A Study From the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Olle Ringdén, Myriam Labopin, Norbert-Claude Gorin, Katarina Le Blanc, Vanderson Rocha, Eliane Gluckman, Jules Reiffers, William Arcese, Jaak M. Vossen, Jean-Pierre Jouet, Catherine Cordonnier, Francesco Frassoni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is given after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to shorten the neutropenic phase. Its effects have not been evaluated in a large patient population. Patients and Methods We studied 1,789 patients with acute leukemia receiving BMT and 434 patients receiving peripheral-blood stem cells (PBSCs) from HLA-identical siblings from 1992 to 2002 and reported the findings to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Among the BMT and PBSC patients, 501 (28%) and 175 (40%), respectively, were treated with G-CSF during the first 14 days after the transplantation. The outcome variables were entered into a Cox proportional hazards model. Results BMT and PBSC patients treated with G-CSF had a faster engraftment of absolute neutrophils greater than 0.5 × 10 9 /L (P &lt; .01), but platelet engraftment ( &gt; 50 × 10 9 /L) was slower (P &lt; .001). In the BMT patients, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grades II to IV was 50% ± 5% (± 95% CI) in the G-CSF group versus 39% ± 3% in the controls (relative risk [RR], 1.33; P = .007, in the multivariate analysis). The incidence of chronic GVHD was also increased (RR, 1.29; P = .03). G-CSF was associated with an increase in transplantation-related mortality (TRM; RR, 1.73; P = .00016) and had no effect on relapse but reduced survival (RR, 0.59; P &lt; .0001) and leukemia-free survival rates (LFS; RR, 0.64; P = .0003). No such effects of G-CSF were seen in patients receiving PBSC. Conclusion After BMT, platelet engraftment was delayed, and GVHD and TRM were increased. Survival and LFS were reduced. This suggests that G-CSF should not be given shortly after BMT.
Outcomes of population based language promotion for slow to talk toddlers at ages 2 and 3 years: Let's Learn Language cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: M. Wake, S. Tobin, L. Girolametto, O. C. Ukoumunne, L. Gold, P. Levickis, J. Sheehan, S. Goldfeld, S. Reilly
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the benefits of a low intensity parent-toddler language promotion programme delivered to toddlers identified as slow to talk on screening in universal services. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised trial nested in a population based survey. <b>Setting</b> Three local government areas in Melbourne, Australia. <b>Participants</b> Parents attending 12 month well child checks over a six month period completed a baseline questionnaire. At 18 months, children at or below the 20th centile on an expressive vocabulary checklist entered the trial. <b>Intervention</b> Maternal and child health centres (clusters) were randomly allocated to intervention (modified “You Make the Difference” programme over six weekly sessions) or control (“usual care”) arms. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was expressive language (Preschool Language Scale-4) at 2 and 3 years; secondary outcomes were receptive language at 2 and 3 years, vocabulary checklist raw score at 2 and 3 years, Expressive Vocabulary Test at 3 years, and Child Behavior Checklist/1.5-5 raw score at 2 and 3 years. <b>Results</b> 1217 parents completed the baseline survey; 1138 (93.5%) completed the 18 month checklist, when 301 (26.4%) children had vocabulary scores at or below the 20th centile and were randomised (158 intervention, 143 control). 115 (73%) intervention parents attended at least one session (mean 4.5 sessions), and most reported high satisfaction with the programme. Interim outcomes at age 2 years were similar in the two groups. Similarly, at age 3 years, adjusted mean differences (intervention−control) were −2.4 (95% confidence interval −6.2 to 1.4; P=0.21) for expressive language; −0.3 (−4.2 to 3.7; P=0.90) for receptive language; 4.1 (−2.3 to 10.6; P=0.21) for vocabulary checklist; −0.5 (−4.4 to 3.4; P=0.80) for Expressive Vocabulary Test; −0.1 (−1.6 to 1.4; P=0.86) for externalising behaviour problems; and −0.1 (−1.3 to 1.2; P=0. 92) for internalising behaviour problems. <b>Conclusion</b> This community based programme targeting slow to talk toddlers was feasible and acceptable, but little evidence was found that it improved language or behaviour either immediately or at age 3 years. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN20953675.
ON THE AMINO-ACID CONTENT OF NUTRIENT MEDIA
Authors: I. W. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1918)

NUTRIENT MEDIA.[OCT. 12, I913 soldiers living under various conditions but not reporting sick on account of dental disease.1. Number of visits made to dental of?icers in a certain area during a period of one month ... 9,380 Number of men treated (approximately)... 7,000 Number of cases of acute ulcerative gingivitis 46 Percentage incidence, 0.65. 2. The mouths of 889 men from various units in the army were inspected.These included:(a) Men returning after a four days' tour in the trenches.Samples taken from each company of six battalions.Positive acute ulcerative gingivitis 2 = 0.76 per cent.Dirty mouths ... ... ... 31 = 11.4Moderately clean mouths ... 76 = 25
Ventilation variability inversely correlates to ejection fraction in heart failure
Authors: R.R.T. Castro, L.M. Antunes-Correa, L.M. Ueno, M.U.P.B. Rondon, C.E. Negrão, A.C.L. Nobrega
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

To the Editors:

Heart failure is currently considered a systemic disease. In this context, there is growing interest in cardiopulmonary interactions during rest, sleep and exercise 1. Periodic breathing during exercise is characterised by regular waxing and waning of minute ventilation ( V ’E) due to oscillations in central respiratory drive. Periodic breathing independently predicts mortality in heart failure patients 2, but is not directly correlated with low left ventricular ejection fraction. For example, the occurrence of periodic breathing could predict cardiac mortality in patients who were waiting for cardiac transplantation, independent of ejection fraction 2.

Clinical experience shows that some heart failure …