tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective Study of [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Staging of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Adam S. Kibel, Farrokh Dehdashti, Matthew D. Katz, Aleksandra P. Klim, Robert L. Grubb, Peter A. Humphrey, Cary Siegel, Dengfeng Cao, Feng Gao, Barry A. Siegel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Novel imaging modalities are needed to detect occult metastatic disease in bladder carcinoma. Patients with regional lymphatic spread could be targeted for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and patients with distant metastatic disease could be spared the unnecessary morbidity of radical cystectomy. Herein, we report a prospective study of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for cT2-3N0M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.Forty-three chemotherapy-naïve patients underwent FDG-PET/CT before planned cystectomy. All had negative conventional CT and bone scintigraphy before enrollment. Positive FDG-PET/CT was confirmed by percutaneous biopsy or open surgical exploration, whereas negative FDG-PET/CT was confirmed by complete lymphadenectomy. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were described using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank test.Median follow-up was 14.9 months (range, 0.4 to 46.1 months). One patient who did not undergo lymphadenectomy was excluded from the pathology data analysis (n = 42), whereas another patient who failed to return for follow-up was excluded from survival analysis (n = 42). FDG-PET/CT demonstrated a positive predictive value of 78% (seven of nine), a negative predictive value of 91% (30 of 33), sensitivity of 70% (seven of 10), and specificity of 94% (30 of 32). RFS, DSS, and OS were all significantly poorer in the patients with positive FDG-PET/CT than in those with negative FDG-PET/CT.FDG-PET/CT detected occult metastatic disease in seven of 42 patients with negative conventional preoperative evaluations. PET findings were strongly correlated with survival. As such, FDG-PET/CT may help in making treatment decisions before radical cystectomy.
Central role of somatosensory processes in sexual arousal as identified by neuroimaging techniques
Authors: Harold Mouras
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Research on the neural correlates of sexual arousal is a growing field of research in affective neuroscience. A new approach studying the correlation between the hemodynamic cerebral response and autonomic genital response has enabled distinct brain areas to be identified according to their role in inducing penile erection, on the one hand, and in representing penile sensation, on the other.
Early Statin Treatment Following Acute Myocardial Infarction and 1-Year Survival
Authors: Ulf Stenestrand
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Context Randomized trials have established statin treatment as secondary prevention in coronary artery disease, but it is unclear whether early treatment with statins following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) influences survival.Objective To evaluate the association between statin treatment initiated before or at the time of hospital discharge and 1-year mortality after AMI.Design and Setting Prospective cohort study using data from the Swedish Register of Cardiac Intensive Care on patients admitted to the coronary care units of 58 Swedish hospitals in 1995-1998.One-year mortality data were obtained from the Swedish National Cause of Death Register.Patients Patients with first registry-recorded AMI who were younger than 80 years and who were discharged alive from the hospital, including 5528 who received statins at or before discharge and 14 071 who did not.Main Outcome Measure Relative risk of 1-year mortality according to statin treatment.Results At 1 year, unadjusted mortality was 9.3% (1307 deaths) in the no-statin group and 4.0% (219 deaths) in the statin treatment group.In regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors and propensity score for statin use, early statin treatment was associated with a reduction in 1-year mortality (relative risk, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.89;P = .001) in hospital survivors of AMI.This reduction in mortality was similar among all subgroups based on age, sex, baseline characteristics, previous disease manifestations, and medications. ConclusionsEarly initiation of statin treatment in patients with AMI is associated with reduced 1-year mortality.These results emphasize the importance of implementing the results of randomized statin trials in unselected AMI patients.
Evidence for immunoglobulin Fc receptor-mediated prostaglandin2 and platelet-activating factor formation by cultured rat mesangial cells.
Authors: R Neuwirth, P Singhal, B Diamond, R M Hays, L Lobmeyer, K Clay, D Schlondorff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The possibility of Fc-dependent uptake of IgG immune complexes was examined in subcultured rat mesangial cells free of monocytes. 195Au-labeled colloidal gold particles were coated either with BSA only or with BSA followed by rabbit anti-BSA-IgG or the F(ab')2 fragment of the IgG. Mesangial cells preferentially took up 195Au particles covered with BSA-anti-BSA-IgG over those covered with BSA or the F(ab')2 fragment. This uptake was a time-dependent and saturable process inhibitable by sodium azide or cytochalasin B. Using phase-contrast microscopy in the light reflectance mode, it was established that essentially all mesangial cells took up IgG-coated gold particles. By electron microscopy the process was shown to consist of vesicular uptake with delivery to endosomes. Mesangial binding-uptake of the IgG-covered particles was associated with stimulation of PGE2 synthesis and production of platelet-activating factor, a lipid mediator of inflammation. To characterize the potential Fc receptor for IgG we used the rosetting technique with sheep red blood cells coated with IgG subclass-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies. 50% of mesangial cells exhibited rosetting with red cells coated with mouse IgG2a, whereas negligible rosetting was observed with IgG2b or IgG1. Competition experiments confirmed the specificity of IgG2a binding. We conclude that cultured rat mesangial cells exhibit specific receptors for IgG and that occupancy of Fc receptors results in endocytosis and is associated with generation of PGE2 and platelet-activating factor. These observations may be of significance for immune-mediated glomerular diseases.
Global Genetic Variation at OAS1 Provides Evidence of Archaic Admixture in Melanesian Populations
Authors: F. L. Mendez, J. C. Watkins, M. F. Hammer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Recent analysis of DNA extracted from two Eurasian forms of archaic human shows that more genetic variants are shared with humans currently living in Eurasia than with anatomically modern humans in sub-Saharan Africa. Although these genome-wide average measures of genetic similarity are consistent with the hypothesis of archaic admixture in Eurasia, analyses of individual loci exhibiting the signal of archaic introgression are needed to test alternative hypotheses and investigate the admixture process. Here, we provide a detailed sequence analysis of the innate immune gene OAS1, a locus with a divergent Melanesian haplotype that is very similar to the Denisova sequence from the Altai region of Siberia. We resequenced a 7-kb region encompassing the OAS1 gene in 88 individuals from six Old World populations (San, Biaka, Mandenka, French Basque, Han Chinese, and Papua New Guineans) and discovered previously unknown and ancient genetic variation. The 5′ region of this gene has unusual patterns of diversity, including 1) higher levels of nucleotide diversity in Papuans than in sub-Saharan Africans, 2) very deep ancestry with an estimated time to the most recent common ancestor of >3 myr, and 3) a basal branching pattern with Papuan individuals on either side of the rooted network. A global geographic survey of >1,500 individuals showed that the divergent Papuan haplotype is nearly restricted to populations from eastern Indonesia and Melanesia. Polymorphic sites within this haplotype are shared with the draft Denisova genome over a span of ∼90 kb and are associated with an extended block of linkage disequilibrium, supporting the hypothesis that this haplotype introgressed from an archaic source that likely lived in Eurasia.
Convergence of Clinical and Cellular Phenotypes Among Patients with STAT3 and ERBB2IP Mutations
Authors: Jonathan J. Lyons, Xiaomin Yu, Kendal A. Karpe, Shirin M. Treadwell, Chi A. Ma, Michael P. O'Connell, Guangping Sun, Jason D. Hughes, Huseyin Mehmet, Joshua McElwee, Steven M. Holland, Alexandra F. Freeman, Joshua D. Milner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Surgical Management of T3 and T4 Lung Cancer
Authors: Costanzo A. DiPerna, Douglas E. Wood
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Locally advanced lung cancer (T3 or T4) has a significantly worse prognosis than lower stage disease. However, this diagnosis is usually made radiologically, and experienced thoracic surgeons are familiar with the low radiologic to pathologic correlation in tumors that abut the great vessels, mediastinum, or chest wall. Commonly these tumors do not directly invade adjacent structures and are, in fact, T1 or T2 tumors that are resectable through standard techniques. Where there is no clearly evident invasion of unresectable structures, the patient should be given the benefit of the doubt and considered at a lower (resectable) stage until proven otherwise. The curability of T3 tumors varies according to the involved site. A T3N0 tumor involving the chest wall provides the most favorable prognosis among the resected T3 lesions, with a 5-year survival of &amp;gt;50% in lymph node–negative patients if resection is complete. Palliative incomplete resections of T4 disease, in which tumor has invaded mediastinal structures, have not shown any survival benefit and are associated with very high morbidity and mortality. However, patients with limited invasion of the carina, left atrium, superior vena cava, or pulmonary artery may be able to be completely resected despite their T4 classification. Surgical resection remains an important part of the therapy for patients with locally advanced lung cancer. Modern techniques of chest wall resection and reconstruction and bronchoplastic procedures allow complete resection of locally advanced tumors with favorable 5-year survival rates and low morbidity and mortality.
Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Reactions Among Nicaraguan Adolescents After Hurricane Mitch
Authors: Armen K. Goenjian, Luis Molina, Alan M. Steinberg, Lynn A. Fairbanks, Maria Luisa Alvarez, Haig A. Goenjian, Robert S. Pynoos,
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the severity of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among Nicaraguan adolescents after Hurricane Mitch and the relationship of these reactions to objective and subjective features of hurricane exposure, death of a family member, forced relocation, and thoughts of revenge. METHOD: Six months after the hurricane, 158 adolescents from three differentially exposed cities were evaluated by using a hurricane exposure questionnaire, the Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index, and the Depression Self-Rating Scale. RESULTS: Severe levels of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions were found among adolescents in the two most heavily affected cities. Severity of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions and features of objective hurricane-related experiences followed a "dose-of-exposure" pattern that was congruent with the rates of death and destruction across cities. Level of impact (city), objective and subjective features, and thoughts of revenge accounted for 68% of the variance in severity of posttraumatic stress reaction. Severity of posttraumatic stress reaction, death of a family member, and sex accounted for 59% of the variance in severity of depression. CONCLUSIONS: After a category 5 hurricane, adolescents in heavily affected areas with extreme objective and subjective hurricane-related traumatic features of exposure experience severe and chronic posttraumatic stress and comorbid depressive reactions. The recovery of the severely affected Nicaraguan adolescents is vital to the social and economic recovery of a country ravaged by years of political violence and poverty. These findings strongly indicate the need to incorporate public mental health approaches, including systematic screening and trauma/grief-focused interventions, within a comprehensive disaster recovery program.
A Comparison of Psychiatric Symptom Frequency Under Narrative and Check List Conditions
Authors: STEWART MEIKLE, RICHARD GERRITSE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The authors investigated the effect of the frequency with which descriptive items are used when a check list is substituted for the usual narrative history. The results of the study suggest that rather than resulting in a loss of descriptive information the check list produced a sizable increase in the use of such terms.
PEGylated Phospholipid Micelle-Encapsulated Near-Infrared PbS Quantum Dots for in vitro and in vivo Bioimaging
Authors: Rui Hu, Wing-Cheung Law, Guimiao Lin, Ling Ye, Jianwei Liu, Jing Liu, Jessica L. Reynolds, Ken-Tye Yong
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

Surface modification and functionalization of bioconjugated quantum dots (QDs) has drawn great attention for the past few years due to their wide applications in biomedical research.In this contribution, we demonstrate the use of PEGylated phospholipid micelles to encapsulate near infrared emitting ultra-small lead sulfide (PbS) QDs for in vitro and in vivo imaging.The cytotoxicity of the micelle-encapsulated QDs formulation was evaluated using MTS assay and histological analysis studies.We have found that upon encapsulating the QDs with phospholipid micelle, the toxicity of the PbS QDs is reduced, from which we envision that the PEGylated phospholipid micelle-encapsulated PbS QDs formulation can be used as theranostics probes for some selected applications in cell imaging and small animals study.
Hypoxaemia and release of endothelin-1.
Authors: R I Cargill, D G Kiely, R A Clark, B J Lipworth
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Secretion of the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 from vascular endothelium is increased by various stimuli. Whether hypoxaemia affects plasma levels of endothelin-1 in humans is unknown, but this may be important in the haemodynamic response to hypoxaemia. The plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in hypoxaemic humans has therefore been measured.Plasma levels of endothelin-1 were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in 10 control subjects at rest and following 30 minutes of acute hypoxaemia (SaO2 75-80%) induced by breathing a nitrogen/oxygen mixture, and in 10 patients with hypoxaemic cor pulmonale.The plasma endothelin-1 concentration in control subjects was increased from a mean (SE) of 0.90 (0.11) pmol/l at baseline to 2.34 (0.34) pmol/l during hypoxaemia. In patients with cor pulmonale the plasma endothelin-1 concentration was 2.96 (0.34) pmol/l, raised in comparison with control subjects at rest but similar to levels in controls during hypoxaemia.Plasma levels of endothelin-1 were increased by hypoxaemia in humans. The raised levels observed in patients with cor pulmonale may largely be attributable to the effects of hypoxaemia, although the pathophysiological significance of these observations remains to be established.
A molecular signature for the prediction of recurrence in colorectal cancer
Authors: Lisha Wang, Xiaohan Shen, Zhimin Wang, Xiuying Xiao, Ping Wei, Qifeng Wang, Fei Ren, Yiqin Wang, Zebing Liu, Weiqi Sheng, Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Zhou, Xiang Du
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Several clinical and pathological factors have an impact on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), but they are not yet adequate for risk assessment. We aimed to identify a molecular signature that can reliably identify CRC patients at high risk for recurrence.Two hundred eighty-one CRC samples (stage II/III) were included in this study. A two-step gene expression profiling study was conducted. First, gene expression measurements from 81 fresh frozen CRC samples were obtained using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays. Second, a focused gene expression assay, including prognostic genes and genes of interest from literature reviews, was performed using 200 fresh frozen samples and a Taqman low-density array (TLDA) analysis. An optimal 31-gene expression classifier for the prediction of recurrence among patients with stage II/III CRC was developed using logistic regression analysis. This gene expression signature classified 58.5% of patients as low-risk and 41.5% as high-risk (P < 0.001). The signature was the strongest independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis. The five-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates for the low-risk patients and the high-risk patients were 88.5% and 41.3% (P < 0.001), respectively.We identified a 31-gene expression signature that is closely associated with the clinical outcome of stage II/III CRC patients.
Hepatitis C virus kinetics by administration of pegylated interferon-α in human and chimeric mice carrying human hepatocytes with variants of the<i>IL28B</i>gene
Authors: Tsunamasa Watanabe, Fuminaka Sugauchi, Yasuhito Tanaka, Kentaro Matsuura, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Shuko Murakami, Sayuki Iijima, Etsuko Iio, Masaya Sugiyama, Takashi Shimada, Masakazu Kakuni, Michinori Kohara, Masashi Mizokami
Journal: Gut (2012)

Recent studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene are associated with the clinical outcome of pegylated interferon α (peg-IFN-α) plus ribavirin therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, it is unclear whether genetic variations near the IL28B gene influence hepatic interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) induction or cellular immune responses, lead to the viral reduction during IFN treatment.Changes in HCV-RNA levels before therapy, at day 1 and weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 after administering peg-IFN-α plus ribavirin were measured in 54 patients infected with HCV genotype 1. Furthermore, we prepared four lines of chimeric mice having four different lots of human hepatocytes containing various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) around the IL28B gene. HCV infecting chimeric mice were subcutaneously administered with peg-IFN-α for 2 weeks.There were significant differences in the reduction of HCV-RNA levels after peg-IFN-α plus ribavirin therapy based on the IL28B SNP rs8099917 between TT (favourable) and TG/GG (unfavourable) genotypes in patients; the first-phase viral decline slope per day and second-phase slope per week in TT genotype were significantly higher than in TG/GG genotype. On peg-IFN-α administration to chimeric mice, however, no significant difference in the median reduction of HCV-RNA levels and the induction of antiviral ISG was observed between favourable and unfavourable human hepatocyte genotypes.As chimeric mice have the characteristic of immunodeficiency, the response to peg-IFN-α associated with the variation in IL28B alleles in chronic HCV patients would be composed of the intact immune system.
The Bradshaw Lecture ON GUNSHOT INJURIES OF THE ARTERIES: Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Authors: G. H. Makins
Journal: BMJ (1913)

GENTLEMEN, I propose to dcevoto this lcctulre to the subject of glunsh1ot wounids by bUlletS Of sm-iall calibre.Althloughli the practice of nmilitary surgery is con-finledl to a comiparatively limnited nuniber-of sutrgeons, yet tllc
Eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3 expression is associated with persistent eosinophilic bronchial inflammation in patients with asthma after allergen challenge
Authors: A. Janneke Ravensberg, Fabio L.M. Ricciardolo, Annemarie van Schadewijk, Klaus F. Rabe, Peter J. Sterk, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Thais Mauad
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Familial mastocytosis: a clinical, immunophenotypic, light and electron microscopic study
Authors: A. ANSTEY, D.G. LOWE, J.D. KIRBY, M.A. HORTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Summary A women and her daugter both developed diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis in early infancy. The immunophenotypes of the cutaneous mast cells in the two cases were shown to be identical: leucocyte common antigen (CD45) and macrophage/monocyte marker EMB11 were both strongly positive, HLA-DR was positive and CD25 was weakly positive. The peripheral lymphocytes of the patients were analysed by flow cytometry and this revealed that there was no increase in the activation markers HLA-DR and CD25, contrary to recent claims that lymphocytes have a contributory role in driving mast cell proliferation. Mast cell granules in both cases were found on electron microscopy to have an abnormal ultrastructure. The close similarity between the two cases at clinical, immunophenotypic and ultrastructural levels strongly suggests that genetic factors are important in the development of this type of mastocytosis.
Successful treatment of cutaneous venous malformations in a patient with blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome by Nd:YAG laser
Authors: C.M. Moser, C. Hamsch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Successful treatment of cutaneous venous malformations in a patient with blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome by Nd:YAG laser Get access C.M. Moser, C.M. Moser Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Vossstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Hamsch C. Hamsch Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Vossstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany Corinna Hamsch. E‐mail: corinna.hamsch@med.uni‐heidelberg.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 5, 1 May 2012, Pages 1143–1145, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10751.x Published: 01 May 2012
Measurement of Total Myocardial Blood Flow in Dogs with <sup>43</sup> K and the Scintillation Camera
Authors: YASUSHI ISHII, WILLIAM J. MACLNTYRE, WALTER H. PRITCHARD, RICHARD W. ECKSTEIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

To establish an innocuous method for evaluating myocardial ischemia, a technique was devised utilizing a scintillation camera to record the distribution of 43 K in the myocardium following an intravenous injection of the tracer. The objective was achieved by determining with the camera the fraction of the total amount of injected material deposited in the myocardium and calculating the total myocardial blood flow as a fraction of cardiac output according to the indicator fractionation principle. Following in vivo measurements in dogs, the entire heart was excised, compared with an aliquot of the injected dose as a standard, and assayed by a well scintillation counter. Reasonable agreement was achieved between estimations determined in vivo and those determined in vitro. Because of difficulties in ascertaining the heart border on the scans, a deconvolution program which used a digital computer was applied to the 40 x 40 matrix of digitized scan data to sharpen the transition between counting levels and improve the distributional image of 43 K deposition in the myocardium.
Correcting for cell-type composition bias in epigenome-wide association studies
Authors: Robert Lowe, Vardhman K Rakyan
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

Recent epigenome-wide association studies have indicated a potential role for epigenetic variation in the etiology of complex human diseases. However, one major challenge is to distinguish true epigenetic variation from changes caused by differences in cellular composition between the disease and non-disease state, a problem that is particularly relevant when analyzing whole blood. For studies with large numbers of samples, it can be expensive and very time consuming to perform cell sorting, and it is often not clear which is the correct cell type to profile. Two recently published papers have attempted to address this confounding issue using bioinformatics.