tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short-form Sun-style t’ai chi as an exercise training modality in people with COPD
Authors: Regina Wai Man Leung, Zoe J. McKeough, Matthew J. Peters, Jennifer A. Alison
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The aims of the study were to determine the effect of short-form Sun-style t’ai chi (SSTC) (part A) and investigate exercise intensity of SSTC (part B) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Part A: after confirmation of eligibility, participants were randomly allocated to either the t’ai chi group or control group (usual medical care). Participants in the t’ai chi group trained twice weekly for 12 weeks. Part B: participants who had completed training in the t’ai chi group performed a peak exercise test (incremental shuttle walk test) and SSTC while oxygen consumption ( V O 2 ) was measured. Exercise intensity of SSTC was determined by the per cent of V O 2 reserve. Of 42 participants (mean± sd forced expiratory volume in 1 s 59±16% predicted), 38 completed part A and 15 completed part B. Compared to control, SSTC significantly increased endurance shuttle walk time (mean difference 384 s, 95% CI 186–510); reduced medial-lateral body sway in semi-tandem stand (mean difference -12.4 mm, 95% CI -21– -3); and increased total score on the chronic respiratory disease questionnaire (mean difference 11 points, 95% CI 4–18). The exercise intensity of SSTC was 53±18% of V O 2 reserve. SSTC was an effective training modality in people with COPD achieving a moderate exercise intensity which meets the training recommendations.
Transition From Intravenous to Subcutaneous Insulin
Authors: Fausto Avanzini, Giuseppe Marelli, Walter Donzelli, Giovanna Busi, Stefania Carbone, Laura Bellato, Elena Lucia Colombo, Roberto Foschi, Emma Riva, Maria Carla Roncaglioni, Mario De Martini
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE The study objectives were 1) to assess the effectiveness and safety of a standardized protocol for the transition to subcutaneous insulin and oral feeding in diabetic or hyperglycemic patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who were receiving intravenous insulin and glucose at the time of the transfer from the intensive cardiac care unit to a general ward and 2) to identify predictors of transition outcome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective observational study. The protocol specifies that patients receive a 100% of their daily subcutaneous insulin requirement from the first day of oral feeding, calculated from the intravenous insulin rate during the final 12 h divided into two: 50% basal and 50% prandial. RESULTS In 142 patients (93 male, 49 female, age range 47–88 years, 135 with known diabetes) the first day after transition, 44.8% of blood glucose (BG) measurements were within the strict range of 100–140 mg/dL before meals and 100–180 mg/dL after meals, and 70.8% were within the broader ranges of 80–160 mg/dL and 80–200 mg/dL, respectively. Pre- or postprandial hypoglycemia (BG &amp;lt;70 mg/dL) occurred in 11 patients (7.7%) on the first day and in 38 patients (26.8%) on the first 3 days after transition. Old age, high doses of intravenous insulin, and wide BG variations in the 24 h before insulin infusion was stopped were predictive of poor BG control after transition. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the effectiveness and safety of a standardized protocol for the transition from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin in patients with ACS when regular oral feeding was resumed.
Future research into the treatment of vitiligo: where should our priorities lie? Results of the vitiligo priority setting partnership
Authors: V. Eleftheriadou, M.E. Whitton, D.J. Gawkrodger, J. Batchelor, J. Corne, B. Lamb, S. Ersser, J. Ravenscroft, K.S. Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Vitiligo is the most frequent depigmentation disorder of the skin and is cosmetically and psychologically devastating. A recently updated Cochrane systematic review 'Interventions for vitiligo' showed that the research evidence for treatment of vitiligo is poor, making it difficult to make firm recommendations for clinical practice.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Jörn Tongers, Jerome G. Roncalli, Douglas W. Losordo
Journal: Circulation (2008)

D espite progressive insights into the pathologies underly- ing coronary, cerebral, and peripheral artery atherosclerosis, these conditions continue to cause critical tissue ischemia and disability on an epidemic scale.For the past several decades, research and therapeutic development have focused on preventing or reversing occlusive disease in conduit vessels.The ultimate failure of macrovessel-targeted therapies is never more evident than in peripheral arterial disease, in which progressive disease leads to amputation at rates that have not changed significantly in 30 years.Despite modern therapy, up to 8 million Americans with peripheral arterial disease are devastated by immobility, intractable ischemia, ulceration, impaired wound healing, or amputation, 1 and the lack of additional treatment options leaves many patients with little hope for relief.
<i>Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteines-like 1</i> Suppresses Aggressiveness and Predicts Better Survival in Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Hanguang Hu, Hang Zhang, Weiting Ge, Xiyong Liu, Sofia Loera, Peiguo Chu, Huarong Chen, Jiaping Peng, Lun Zhou, Shujing Yu, Ying Yuan, Suzhan Zhang, Lily Lai, Yun Yen, Shu Zheng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteines-like 1 (SPARCL1) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with malignancy-suppressing potential. The hypothesis that SPARCL1 reduces cancer invasiveness and predicts better survival in colorectal cancers (CRC) was investigated. Experimental Design: Stable SPARCL1 transfectants, RKO-SPARCL1, and corresponding vector control were constructed and implanted into nude mice to generate a mouse xenograft model of liver metastasis. Also, a retrospective outcome study was conducted on the COH set (222 CRCs) and ZJU set (412 CRCs). The protein expression level of SPARCL1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. The Kaplan–Meier and Cox analyses were used for survival analysis. The association of SPARCL1 with mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) was examined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Results: The ectopic expression of SPARCL1 significantly reduced the potential for anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion and induced cell differentiation in RKO and SW620 cells. In mouse xenograft model, the expression of SPARCL1 significantly reduced the liver metastasis (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The patient-based studies revealed that the expression of SPARCL1 was related to better differentiation (P &amp;lt; 0.01), less lymph node involvement [OR, 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45–1.00], and less distant metastasis (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18–0.79). The Kaplan–Meier and Cox analysis showed that the expression of SPARCL1 was associated with better overall survival (log-rank: P &amp;lt; 0.01; HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39–0.84). Transfection of SPARCL1 induced MET of colon cancer cells. Conclusion: SPARCL1 functions as a tumor suppressor promoting differentiation possibly via MET, which inhibits the aggressiveness of CRCs. Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 5438–48. ©2012 AACR.
IMPACTS OF SERUM CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE ON CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS DETECTED BY CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Sanghoon Shin, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Kwang-Joon Kim, Young Jin Kim, Byoung Wook Choi, Woo-In Yang, Chi Young Shim, Jong-Won Ha, Yangsoo Jang, Namsik Chung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Rectal Injury During Barium Enema Examination
Authors: M. Herbert Nathan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Massive Extraperitoneal Air in a 71-Year-Old Woman" by Walker and co-workers (1982;248:1375) leads one to believe that the perforation of the rectum was caused by the air contrast study itself, when, in fact, it must have resulted either from overinflation of the Bardex-type tube or from perforation by the tip of the tube. The latter is known to occur with rubber tubes stiffened by heat sterilization, and it would be expected from tubes with stiff plastic tips as well. To protect patients from perforation by an enema tip, the technicians should be instructed in the proper manner of inserting an enema tip. When allowed to follow the direction of the rectum, the enema tip will impinge against the anterior wall of the rectum and can perforate. Once the tip is inserted beyond the external sphincter, it should be advanced gently and the tip directed
Inflammatory arthritis can be reined in by CpG-induced DC–NK cell cross talk
Authors: Hsin-Jung Wu, Heloisa Sawaya, Bryce Binstadt, Margot Brickelmaier, Amanda Blasius, Leonid Gorelik, Umar Mahmood, Ralph Weissleder, John Carulli, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Unmethylated CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are generally thought of as potent adjuvants with considerable therapeutic potential to enhance immune responses against microbes and tumors. Surprisingly, certain so-called stimulatory CpG-ODNs strongly inhibited the effector phase of inflammatory arthritis in the K/BxN serum transfer system, either preventively or therapeutically. Also unexpected was that the inhibitory influence did not depend on the adaptive immune system cells mobilized in an immunostimulatory context. Instead, they relied on cells of the innate immune system, specifically on cross talk between CD8α+ dendritic cells and natural killer cells, resulting in suppression of neutrophil recruitment to the joint, orchestrated through interleukin-12 and interferon-γ. These findings highlight potential applications of CpG-ODNs and downstream molecules as antiinflammatory agents.
Mechanisms of transport of nontransferrin-bound iron in basolateral and canalicular rat liver plasma membrane vesicles
Authors: Teresa L. Wright, John R. Lake
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Although most iron in plasma is bound to transferrin, recent evidence suggests that the nontransferrin-bound fraction contributes to hepatic iron loading and toxicity seen in iron-overload disorders. Our studies of isolated perfused rat liver previously demonstrated saturable uptake of nontransferrin-bound iron that continues despite hepatic iron overload. To further characterize the mechanism of transport of this form of iron, we measured binding of 55 Fe-labeled ferrous ascorbate to rat liver plasma membrane vesicles under varying conditions. Binding of 5 μmol/L iron by both basolateral and canalicular membranes was time-dependent and linear for the first 5 sec. Initial rate of binding of ferrous ascorbate to basolateral membrane vesicles was temperature dependent and increased by calcium but, in contrast to the perfused rat liver, was not inhibited by other divalent cations. Binding velocities by basolateral membrane vesicles were saturable at increasing iron concentration (K m = 33 μmol/L, V max = 16 pmol/mg protein/sec). Ferrous iron binding by canalicular membrane vesicles was also temperature dependent, but initial association rates were not saturable over the concentration range studied (2 to 20 μmol/L). We conclude that nontransferrin-bound iron associates with basolateral liver plasma membrane vesicles by a saturable mechanism sensitive to temperature and calcium and consistent with a membrane carrier. Other divalent cations do not inhibit membrane association but may compete for a subsequent cytosolic binding site. (Hepatology 1990;12:498-504).
Increased<i>HER2</i>Gene Copy Number Is Associated With Response to Gefitinib Therapy in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Federico Cappuzzo, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Hisayuki Shigematsu, Irene Domenichini, Stefania Bartolini, Giovanni L. Ceresoli, Elisa Rossi, Vienna Ludovini, Vanesa Gregorc, Luca Toschi, Wilbur A. Franklin, Lucio Crino, Adi F. Gazdar, Paul A. Bunn, Fred R. Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is significantly associated with the presence of increased copy number and/or activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR). Preclinical data indicate that HER2, a member of the EGFR family, could enhance TKI sensitivity. Patients and Methods HER2 gene copy numbers per cell were evaluated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in 102 NSCLC patients treated with gefitinib, and previously evaluated for EGFR status by FISH, immunohistochemistry, and presence of mutations. Results Patients with HER2 high copy number (high polysomy and gene amplification [HER2 FISH positive]) represented 22.8% of patients, and compared with patients with no or low gain (HER2 FISH negative), had significantly better objective response (OR, 34.8% v 6.4%; P = .001), disease control rate (DCR, 56.5% v 33.3%; P = .04), time to progression (TTP, 9.05 v 2.7 months; P = .02), and a trend toward longer overall survival (OS, 20.8 v 8.4 months; P = .056). HER2 protein expression investigated by immunohistochemistry was positive in only five of 72 (7%) patients analyzed and all 89 patients tested by DNA sequencing were negative for mutations in HER2 exon 20. Patients with HER2 FISH-positive tumors displaying increased expression of EGFR protein, gene gain, or mutations (EGFR positive) had a significantly better OR, DCR, TTP, and OS than patients negative for both receptors. Conclusion Increased copy number of the HER2 gene is associated with gefitinib sensitivity in EGFR-positive patients, supporting use of HER2 FISH analysis for selection of patients for TKI therapy.
A Pilot Trial Using Lymphocytes Genetically Engineered with an NY-ESO-1–Reactive T-cell Receptor: Long-term Follow-up and Correlates with Response
Authors: Paul F. Robbins, Sadik H. Kassim, Thai L.N. Tran, Jessica S. Crystal, Richard A. Morgan, Steven A. Feldman, James C. Yang, Mark E. Dudley, John R. Wunderlich, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, Marybeth S. Hughes, Nicholas P. Restifo, Mark Raffeld, Chyi-Chia R. Lee, Yong F. Li, Mona El-Gamil, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Although adoptive cell therapy can be highly effective for the treatment of patients with melanoma, the application of this approach to the treatment of other solid tumors has been limited. The observation that the cancer germline (CG) antigen NY-ESO-1 is expressed in 70% to 80% and in approximately 25% of patients with synovial cell sarcoma and melanoma, respectively, prompted us to perform this first-in-man clinical trial using the adoptive transfer of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were retrovirally transduced with an NY-ESO-1–reactive T-cell receptor (TCR) to heavily pretreated patients bearing these metastatic cancers. Experimental Design: HLA-*0201 patients with metastatic synovial cell sarcoma or melanoma refractory to standard treatments and whose cancers expressed NY-ESO-1 received autologous TCR-transduced T cells following a lymphodepleting preparative chemotherapy. Response rates using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), as well as immunologic correlates of response, are presented in this report. Results: Eleven of 18 patients with NY-ESO-1+ synovial cell sarcomas (61%) and 11 of 20 patients with NY-ESO-1+ melanomas (55%) who received autologous T cells transduced with an NY-ESO-1–reactive TCR demonstrated objective clinical responses. The estimated overall 3- and 5-year survival rates for patients with synovial cell sarcoma were 38% and 14%, respectively, whereas the corresponding estimated survival rates for patients with melanoma were both 33%. Conclusions: The adoptive transfer of autologous T cells transduced with a retrovirus encoding a TCR against an HLA-A*0201 restricted NY-ESO-1 epitope can be an effective therapy for some patients bearing synovial cell sarcomas and melanomas that are refractory to other treatments. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 1019–27. ©2014 AACR.
Retrospective analysis of short term outcomes after spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy for sodid pseudopapillary tumours
Authors: Luigina Graziosi, Elisabetta Marino, Roberta Rivellini, Vincenzo Ciaccio, Roberto Cirocchi, Alessandro Sanguinetti, Masahiko Hirota, Nicola Avenia, Annibale Donini
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
The Electrocardiogram of a Beluga Whale
Authors: ROBERT L. KING, JAMES L. JENKS, PAUL D. WHITE
Journal: Circulation (1953)

In the course of our study of the comparative anatomy and physiology of the mammalian heart, it became necessary to develop a technic to obtain the electrocardiogram of the largest mammal of all. Because of its availability, the small white Beluga whale in northern waters was the first object of this research, prior to obtaining the record of a large whale, which is our ultimate aim. This article describes the process of obtaining the electrocardiogram and presents the electrocardiogram itself.
Frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Yaoting Gui, Guangwu Guo, Yi Huang, Xueda Hu, Aifa Tang, Shengjie Gao, Renhua Wu, Chao Chen, Xianxin Li, Liang Zhou, Minghui He, Zesong Li, Xiaojuan Sun, Wenlong Jia, Jinnong Chen, Shangming Yang, Fangjian Zhou, Xiaokun Zhao, Shengqing Wan, Rui Ye, Chaozhao Liang, Zhisheng Liu, Peide Huang, Chunxiao Liu, Hui Jiang, Yong Wang, Hancheng Zheng, Liang Sun, Xingwang Liu, Zhimao Jiang, Dafei Feng, Jing Chen, Song Wu, Jing Zou, Zhongfu Zhang, Ruilin Yang, Jun Zhao, Congjie Xu, Weihua Yin, Zhichen Guan, Jiongxian Ye, Hong Zhang, Jingxiang Li, Karsten Kristiansen, Michael L Nickerson, Dan Theodorescu, Yingrui Li, Xiuqing Zhang, Songgang Li, Jian Wang, Huanming Yang, Jun Wang, Zhiming Cai
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
The Blk pathway functions as a tumor suppressor in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells
Authors: Haojian Zhang, Cong Peng, Yiguo Hu, Huawei Li, Zhi Sheng, Yaoyu Chen, Con Sullivan, Jan Cerny, Lloyd Hutchinson, Anne Higgins, Patricia Miron, Xueqing Zhang, Michael A Brehm, Dongguang Li, Michael R Green, Shaoguang Li
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
A Crucial Role of Glycoprotein VI for Platelet Recruitment to the Injured Arterial Wall In Vivo
Authors: Steffen Massberg, Meinrad Gawaz, Sabine Grüner, Valerie Schulte, Ildiko Konrad, Dietlind Zohlnhöfer, Ulrich Heinzmann, Bernhard Nieswandt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Platelet adhesion and aggregation at sites of vascular injury is crucial for hemostasis but may lead to arterial occlusion in the setting of atherosclerosis and precipitate diseases such as myocardial infarction. A current hypothesis suggests that platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib interaction with von Willebrand factor recruits flowing platelets to the injured vessel wall, where subendothelial fibrillar collagens support their firm adhesion and activation. However, so far this hypothesis has not been tested in vivo. Here, we demonstrate by intravital fluorescence microscopy of the mouse carotid artery that inhibition or absence of the major platelet collagen receptor, GPVI, abolishes platelet-vessel wall interactions after endothelial denudation. Unexpectedly, inhibition of GPVI by the monoclonal antibody JAQ1 reduced platelet tethering to the subendothelium by approximately 89%. In addition, stable arrest and aggregation of platelets was virtually abolished under these conditions. Using different models of arterial injury, the strict requirement for GPVI in these processes was confirmed in GPVI-deficient mice, where platelets also failed to adhere and aggregate on the damaged vessel wall. These findings reveal an unexpected role of GPVI in the initiation of platelet attachment at sites of vascular injury and unequivocally identify platelet-collagen interactions (via GPVI) as the major determinant of arterial thrombus formation.
MRI guided muscle biopsy confirmed polymyositis diagnosis in a patient with interstitial lung disease
Authors: J Lampa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, such as polymyositis (PM), may present with general symptoms such as fever and fatigue and only minimal muscle weakness, making it difficult to make a definite diagnosis and provide adequate treatment. Here a case is described in which interstitial lung disease was the first and most prominent manifestation of PM. Later, when muscle weakness became apparent and inflammatory muscle disease was suspected the first muscle biopsy was non-diagnostic. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the clinically weak thigh muscles showed high signal on T(2) weighted images, suggesting muscle inflammation more proximal to the first biopsy site. A second biopsy at this site disclosed typical histopathological findings for myositis. After treatment with prednisolone in combination with cyclophosphamide both pulmonary and muscle function improved.MRI scans of muscles may be helpful in selection of a site for muscle biopsy in patients with suspected inflammatory myopathy when a first muscle biopsy turns out to be negative. Additionally, patients with interstitial lung disease of unknown cause should be tested for muscular function to exclude an associated inflammatory muscle disorder.
PUMA-mediated intestinal epithelial apoptosis contributes to ulcerative colitis in humans and mice
Authors: Wei Qiu, Bin Wu, Xinwei Wang, Monica E. Buchanan, Miguel D. Regueiro, Douglas J. Hartman, Robert E. Schoen, Jian Yu, Lin Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis contributes to the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the colon and rectum. Therapies that target the inflammatory cytokine TNF have been found to inhibit IEC apoptosis in patients with IBD, although the mechanism of IEC apoptosis remains unclear. We therefore investigated the role of p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), a p53 target and proapoptotic BH3-only protein, in colitis and IEC apoptosis, using patient samples and mouse models of UC. In UC patient samples, PUMA expression was elevated in colitis tissues relative to that in uninvolved tissues, and the degree of elevation of PUMA expression correlated with the severity of colitis and the degree of apoptosis induction. In mice, PUMA was markedly induced in colonic epithelial cells following induction of colitis by either dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The induction of PUMA was p53-independent but required NF-κB. Absence of PUMA, but neither absence of p53 nor that of another BH3-only protein (Bid), relieved DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis and inhibited IEC apoptosis. Furthermore, treating mice with infliximab (Remicade), a clinically used TNF-specific antibody, suppressed DSS- and TNBS-induced PUMA expression and colitis. These results indicate that PUMA induction contributes to the pathogenesis of colitis by promoting IEC apoptosis and suggest that PUMA inhibition may be an effective strategy to promote mucosal healing in patients with UC.