tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of neoadjuvant cetuximab alone or with platinum salt for the treatment of unresectable advanced nonmetastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: M. Reigneau, C. Robert, E. Routier, G. Mamelle, A. Moya‐Plana, G. Tomasic, C. Mateus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Refractory locally advanced or metastatic nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a frequent therapeutic impasse. To address the question of the efficacy of induction therapy with cetuximab as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced NMSC. From 2008 to 2013, all patients with a diagnosis of unresectable locally advanced skin squamous cell carcinoma were treated with neoadjuvant cetuximab alone (CM) or combined with a platinum salt and 5‐fluorouracil (CC). Resectability, and clinical and pathological response, as well as relapse‐free and overall survival were evaluated. Thirty‐four patients, with a median age of 74·5 years, were evaluated. Twenty‐five patients received CC. After three cycles of CC, 23 of 25 patients whose tumours were initially unresectable became amenable to surgery (92%). A complete histological response was observed in 15 (65%) patients. The mean progression‐free and mean overall survival in operated patients were 8·5 and 26·0 months, respectively. There was a good response in terms of resectability and tumour control in the majority of patients, with few relapses, despite the initially poor prognosis of these tumours in this elderly group of patients. However, this therapeutic strategy needs to be validated in a prospective, randomized study.
Quin2 microfluorometry and effects of verapamil and diltiazem on calcium release from rat aorta smooth muscle cells in primary culture.
Authors: H Kanaide, S Kobayashi, J Nishimura, M Hasegawa, Y Shogakiuchi, T Matsumoto, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We investigated the effects of the Ca2+ antagonists diltiazem and verapamil on release of Ca2+ from intracellular store sites of rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells in primary culture. Using the microfluorometry of Ca2+-indicator dye quin2, relative changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration could be measured. In the presence of 1 mM extracellular Ca2+, both diltiazem (IC50, 0.31 microM) and verapamil (IC50, 0.47 microM) dose-dependently inhibited elevations in the cytosolic Ca2+, as induced by depolarization of the plasma membrane with high extracellular K+. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, caffeine and high extracellular K+ induced transient and dose-dependent elevations of the cytosolic Ca2+, and these elevations were not inhibited by either diltiazem or verapamil. Norepinephrine also induced a transient and dose-dependent elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. However, this elevation was inhibited by verapamil and diltiazem (when the norepinephrine concentration was 10(-5) M, IC50 for verapamil and diltiazem was 4.0 and 24.9 microM, respectively). Thus, while verapamil and diltiazem may have no direct effect on the release of Ca2+ from the depolarization- and the caffeine-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ storage sites, the agents do seem to inhibit the adrenoceptor-mediated Ca2+ release mechanism in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Rosuvastatin Reduces Atherosclerosis Development Beyond and Independent of Its Plasma Cholesterol–Lowering Effect in APOE*3-Leiden Transgenic Mice
Authors: Robert Kleemann, Hans M.G. Princen, Jef J. Emeis, J. Wouter Jukema, Ruud D. Fontijn, Anton J.G. Horrevoets, Teake Kooistra, Louis M. Havekes
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Statins can exert anti-inflammatory antiatherosclerotic effects through an anti-inflammatory action, independent of lowering cholesterol. We addressed the question whether the anti-inflammatory activities of statins can reduce atherosclerosis beyond the reduction achieved by cholesterol lowering per se.Two groups of 20 female APOE*3-Leiden mice received either a high-cholesterol diet (HC) or a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with 0.005% (wt/wt) rosuvastatin (HC+R). The HC diet alone resulted in a plasma cholesterol concentration of 18.9+/-1.4 mmol/L, and administration of rosuvastatin lowered plasma cholesterol to 14.1+/-0.7 mmol/L. In a separate low-cholesterol (LC) control group, the dietary cholesterol intake was reduced, which resulted in plasma cholesterol levels that were comparable to the HC+R group (13.4+/-0.8 mmol/L). Atherosclerosis in the aortic root area was quantified after 24 weeks. As compared with the HC group, the LC group had a 62% (P<0.001) reduction in cross-sectional lesion area. When compared with the LC group, the HC+R group showed a further decrease in cross-sectional lesion area (80%, P<0.001), size of individual lesions (63%, P<0.05), lesion number (58%, P<0.001), monocyte adherence (24%, P<0.05), and macrophage-containing area (60%, P<0.001). Furthermore, rosuvastatin specifically suppressed the expression of the inflammation parameters MCP-1 and TNF-alpha in the vessel wall and lowered plasma concentrations of serum amyloid A and fibrinogen, independent of its cholesterol-lowering effect.Rosuvastatin reduces atherosclerosis beyond and independent of the reduction achieved by cholesterol lowering alone. This additional beneficial effect of rosuvastatin may be explained, at least partly, by its anti-inflammatory activity.
A Genetic Mouse Model of Invasive Endometrial Cancer Driven by Concurrent Loss of Pten and Lkb1 Is Highly Responsive to mTOR Inhibition
Authors: Hailing Cheng, Pixu Liu, Fan Zhang, Erbo Xu, Lynn Symonds, Carolynn E. Ohlson, Roderick T. Bronson, Sauveur-Michel Maira, Emmanuelle Di Tomaso, Jane Li, Andrea P. Myers, Lewis C. Cantley, Gordon B. Mills, Jean J. Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Signals from the tumor suppressors PTEN and LKB1 converge on mTOR to negatively regulate its function in cancer cells. Notably, both of these suppressors are attenuated in a significant fraction of human endometrial tumors. In this study, we generated a genetic mouse model of endometrial cancer driven by concomitant loss of these suppressors to gain pathophysiological insight into this disease. Dual loss of Pten and Lkb1 in the endometrial epithelium led to rapid development of advanced endometrioid endometrial tumors with 100% penetrance and short host survival. The tumors displayed dysregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Lkb1/Ampk signaling with hyperactivation of mTOR signaling. Treatment with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, BEZ235, extended the time before tumor onset and prolonged overall survival. The PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 used as a single agent reduced the growth rate of primary tumor implants in Pten/Lkb1-deficient mice, and the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 was unexpectedly as effective as BEZ235 in triggering tumor regression. In parallel, we also found that ectopic expression of LKB1 in PTEN/LKB1-deficient human endometrial cancer cells increased their sensitivity to PI3K inhibition. Together, our results demonstrated that Pten/Lkb1-deficient endometrial tumors rely strongly on deregulated mTOR signaling, and they provided evidence that LKB1 status may modulate the response of PTEN-deficient tumors to PI3K or mTOR inhibitors.
G(AKSL2): a new cell surface antigen of the mouse related to the dualtropic mink cell focus-inducing class of murine leukemia virus detected by naturally occurring antibody.
Authors: E Stockert, A B DeLeo, P V O'Donnell, Y Obata, L J Old
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Normal mouse sera were tested for cytotoxic antibody to surface antigens of cultured monolayer cells infected with AKR-derived ecotropic MuLV, xentropic MuLV, or dualtropic MCF 247 MuLV. Antibody to ecotropic MuLV-infected cells was found in a proportion of C57BL/6, C3Hf/Bi, AKR-Fv-1b, and (C3Hf/Bi X AKR)F1 mice, but not AKR or (AKR X C3Hf/Bi)F1 mice. Antibody to xenotropic MuLV-infected cells was virtually restricted to C57BL/6 mice. Antibody to MCF 247-infected cells was found in all strains tested, including AKR mice. Absorption analysis of (C3Hf/Bi x akr)f1 and AKR-Fv-1b sera with selective reactivity for MCF 247-infected cells showed that these sera recognize distinctive antigens on MCF 247-infected cells that are not present on ecotropic or xenotropic MuLV-infected cells. The transplantable AKR spontaneous leukemia AKSL2 was found to be uniquely sensitive to the cytotoxic action of naturally occurring antibody to MCF 247-related antigens and absorption tests with AKSL2 as the target cell and sera from a single AKR-Fv-1b mouse have permitted the definition of a new MuLV-related cell surface antigen, which has been designated G(AKSL2). Thymocytes from young mice of high leukemia-incidence strains (AKR, C58, and PL) express G(AKSL2), whereas thymocytes from 12 other strains do not. In AKR mice, the antigen is expressed in higher amounts on cells from thymus and bone marrow than on spleen cells. All AKR spontaneous leukemias tested express G(AKSL2), as did three MuLV-induced leukemias arising in G(AKSL2)- strains. Five X-ray-induced leukemias of G(AKSL2)- strains were G(AKSL2)-, as were MuLV+ and MuLV- chemically induced sarcomas. In the limited survey conducted to date, natural antibody to G(AKSL2) has been restricted to strains expressing G(AKSL2) in their normal tissues: AKR, AKR congenic mice AKR-Fv-1b and AKR hybrid mice (C3Hf/Bi x akr)f1 and (C57BL/6 X AKR)F1. In vitro G(AKSL2) induction tests involving MuLV infection of cultured monolayer cells showed that 8 of 12 newly isolated dualtropic MuLV shared the property of G(AKSL2) induction with the prototype MCF MuLV, MCF 247. Of the 12 ecotropic MuLV tested, only the N-tropic MuLV isolated from a leukemia originally induced by Passage A Gross virus induced G(AKSL2). The xenotropic and amphotropic MuLV isolates tested lacked G(AKSL2) inducing activity. Recognition of the g(aksl2) system provides a way to trace the origin and natural history of a class of dualtropic MCF MuLV in the mouse and to determine whether natural antibody to G(AKSL2) plays a role in AKR leukemogenesis.
Phase I Trial with BMS-275183, a Novel Oral Taxane with Promising Antitumor Activity
Authors: Linda E. Bröker, Filip Y.F.L. de Vos, Cees J. van Groeningen, Bart C. Kuenen, Helen E. Gall, Michael H. Woo, Maurizio Voi, Jourik A. Gietema, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries, Giuseppe Giaccone
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: BMS-275183 is an orally administered C-4 methyl carbonate analogue of paclitaxel. We did a dose-escalating phase I study to investigate its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and possible antitumor activity. Experimental Design: A cycle consisted of four weekly doses of BMS-275183. The starting dose was 5 mg, which was increased by 100% increments (i.e., 5, 10, 20 mg/m2, etc.) in each new cohort consisting of one patient. Cohorts were expanded when toxicity was encountered, and 20 patients were treated at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Plasma pharmacokinetics were done on days 1 and 15. Results: A total of 48 patients were enrolled in this trial. Dose-limiting toxicities consisted of neuropathy, fatigue, diarrhea, and neutropenia. First cycle severe neuropathy was reported in four patients treated at 320 (n = 1), 240 (n = 2), and 160 mg/m2 (n = 1), whereas eight patients treated at dose levels ranging from 160 to 320 mg/m2 experienced grade 2 neuropathy in cycle one. The MTD was 200 mg/m2, as 3 of 20 patients experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicity in cycle one [fatigue (n = 2), and neutropenia/diarrhea (n = 1)]. BMS-275183 was rapidly absorbed with a mean plasma half-life of 22 hours. We observed a significant correlation between drug-exposure and toxicity. Tumor responses were observed in 9 of 38 evaluable patients with non–small cell lung cancer, prostate carcinoma, and other tumor types. Conclusions: BMS-275183 is generally well tolerated on a weekly schedule. The main toxicity is peripheral neuropathy, and the MTD is 200 mg/m2. Promising activity was observed in several tumor types, and a phase II trial in non–small cell lung cancer has been initiated.
Pyruvate kinase M2-specific siRNA induces apoptosis and tumor regression
Authors: Michael S. Goldberg, Phillip A. Sharp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

The development of cancer-specific therapeutics has been limited because most healthy cells and cancer cells depend on common pathways. Pyruvate kinase (PK) exists in M1 (PKM1) and M2 (PKM2) isoforms. PKM2, whose expression in cancer cells results in aerobic glycolysis and is suggested to bestow a selective growth advantage, is a promising target. Because many oncogenes impart a common alteration in cell metabolism, inhibition of the M2 isoform might be of broad applicability. We show that several small interfering (si) RNAs designed to target mismatches between the M2 and M1 isoforms confer specific knockdown of the former, resulting in decreased viability and increased apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines but less so in normal fibroblasts or endothelial cells. In vivo delivery of siPKM2 additionally causes substantial tumor regression of established xenografts. Our results suggest that the inherent nucleotide-level specificity of siRNA can be harnessed to develop therapeutics that target isoform-specific exons in genes exhibiting differential splicing patterns in various cell types.
IL-10 is necessary and sufficient for autoimmune diabetes in conjunction with NOD MHC homozygosity.
Authors: M S Lee, R Mueller, L S Wicker, L B Peterson, N Sarvetnick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Contrary to expectations based on in vitro experiments, we previously found that pancreatic IL-10 did not inhibit autoimmune diabetes but accelerated it in an MHC-dependent manner. Therefore, the ability of IL-10 to overcome the absence of all non-MHC diabetes susceptibility (Idd) alleles was studied in transgenic mice expressing pancreatic IL-10 backcrossed to B10.H2g7 congenic mice, which have no Idd alleles other than NOD MHC (H2g7). IL-10 transgenic backcross 1 (BC1) mice with H2g7/g7 haplotype developed clear-cut insulitis and diabetes, but neither transgenic mice with the H2g/b haplotype nor nontransgenic BC1 mice did so. Further implicating IL-10 in autoimmune diabetes, anti-IL-10 antibody treatment inhibited the development of insulitis in NOD mice. These results suggest that IL-10 may be necessary and sufficient for producing autoimmune diabetes in conjunction with NOD MHC homozygosity and that some Idd genes may be related to the regulation of IL-10.
Frequency of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in Japan: Study of the Osaka Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Takeshi Chihara, Naoki Wada, Junichiro Ikeda, Shigeki Fujita, Yumiko Hori, Hiroyasu Ogawa, Haruo Sugiyama, Shosaku Nomura, Itaru Matsumura, Masayuki Hino, Yuzuru Kanakura, Eiichi Morii, Katsuyuki Aozasa
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2011)

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (B-IVL) is listed as a distinct disease entity in the World Health Organization(WHO) classification for lymphoid neoplasms [1].The disease is rare, and information for its exact frequency among non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been extremely limited.There have been several reports mainly from Asian countries describing the different disease frequencies [2-4].In addition, population of the cases was variously described among these reports.Therefore it is difficult to know the geographical difference in disease frequency, which might be helpful for understanding pathogenesis of disease.From November 1999 to December 2010, a total of 5,085 cases were registered with the Osaka Lymphoma Study Group (OLSG), which was established in 1999, and more than 60 institutes in Osaka area, Japan participate to it.All of the hematoxylin and eosin-and immunoperoxidase-stained sections were reviewed by one of the authors (KA).A diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was confirmed in 4,066 cases (80.0%).Of these 4,066 cases, 3,726 (91.6%) were NHL and 340 (8.4%) Hodgkin lymphoma.Number of cases with DLBCL and B-IVL was 1,815(44.6% of all ML, 48.7% of NHL) and 9(0.22% of all ML, 0.24% of NHL), respectively.Histologic criteria for the diagnosis of B-IVL is selective growth of Blymphoid cells, usually with large size, within lumina of small or intermediated vessels.9 cases of B-IVL in OLSG were summarized in Table 1.The median age of the B-IVL patients (67 years old) at biopsy for diagnosis in the present series was similar to that of the previous reports from Japan and Italy, but slightly older than that from Thailand [4][5][6].Females
Metabolic studies in total parenteral nutrition with lipid in man. Comparison with glucose.
Authors: K N Jeejee hoy, G H Anderson, A F Nakhooda, G R Greenberg, I Sanderson, E B Marliss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

A study was undertaken of patients on a regimen of total parenteral nutrition comparing the nitrogen balance, energy substrates, blood amino acids, immunoreactive insulin, and immunoreactive glucagon levels during the sequential infusion of nonprotein calories as either glucose alone (glucose system) or 83% as Intralipid (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Montreal, Canada) and 17% glucose (lipid system). These nonprotein calories were administered with a constant background of amino acids (1 g/kg per day), vitamins, and minerals. Each system was infused for a week at a time and the order of infusion randomized. In some patients whole blood arteriovenous (A-V) levels of amino acids were measured across forearm muscle. During the glucose system there was a significantly higher level of pyruvate, lactate, alanine, and immunoreactive insulin, consistent with glucose being the principal source of energy. In contrast, during the lipid system there was a rise in free fatty acids and ketone bodies with a fall in insulin, suggesting that lipid was now the principal source of energy. Despite these two very diverse metabolic situations the nitrogen balance with both systems was positive to a comparable degree after the establishment of equilibrium. Correspondingly, A-V differences of whole blood amino acid nitrogen showed uptake by muscle to an equivalent degree with both systems. Clinical studies indicated that the lipid system as defined herein could be infused by peripheral vein for up to 43 days with resultant weight gain, elevation of serum proteins, and healing of fistulae. Our studies suggest that for both metabolic and clinical reasons exogenously infused lipid is a suitable source of nonprotein calories.
Studies of the LSA Ascites Lymphoma of C57BL Mice. I. Transplantation Characteristics and Radiosensitivity of Cells During Serial Passages&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Giovanni Silini, Yosh Maruyama
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

A new transplantable tumor, the LSA ascites lymphoma of the C57BL/Ka mouse, was used in radiobiological experiments. A progressive increase in the transplantability of the tumor was observed with serial passage. The sensitivity of the cells to X rays was studied in early and late passage. The increased radioresistance of late passage cells can be accounted for on the basis of hypoxia after an increase in ascites volume.
Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on hypothermic ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat liver
Authors: Hiroshi Nakano, Karim Boudjema, Eliane Alexandre, Pierre Imbs, Marie Pierre Chenard, Philippe Wolf, Jacques Cinqualbre, Daniel Jaeck
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

We investigated whether intraportal injection of 150 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (NAC) into rats reduced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury after 48 hours of cold storage and 2 hours of reperfusion. The organ was isolated and perfused to evaluate liver function. The control group received an intraportal injection of 5% dextrose. NAC increased L-cysteine concentrations 15 minutes after injection (1.29 +/- 0.11 mumol/g vs. 2.68 +/- 0.4 mumol/g, P < .05). However, neither treatment modified glutathione liver concentrations relative to preinjection values. After 48 hours of cold storage and 2 hours of reperfusion, livers from NAC-treated rats produced larger amounts of bile than those in the control group (5.04 +/- 1.92 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.37 microL/g liver; P < .05), and showed a significant reduction in liver injury, as indicated by reduced release of lactate dehydrogenase (679.4 +/- 174.4 vs. 1891.3 +/- 268.3 IU/L/g; P < .01), aspartate transaminase (AST) (13.94 +/- 3.5 vs. 38.75 IU/L/g; P < .01), alanine transaminase ALT) (14.92 +/- 4.09 vs. 45.91 +/- 10.58 IU/L/g; P < .05), and acid phosphatase, a marker of Kupffer cell injury (344.4 +/- 89.6 vs. 927.3 +/- 150.8 IU/L/g; P < .01) in the perfusate. Reduced glutathione concentrations in the perfusate were similar in the two groups (805 +/- 69 vs. 798 +/- 252 nmol/L/g), whereas oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations were higher in the control group (967 +/- 137 vs. 525 +/- 126 nmol/L/g; P < .05). Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in liver tissue collected at the end of perfusion were significantly higher in the NAC group (7.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.0 mumol/g; P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors: Michael Hoffmann, John W. Kappler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

The specificity of antigen recognition by thymus-derived helper cells (T cells) and antibody was examined in mice, heterologous erythrocyte antigens from sheep (SRBC), goat (GRBC), burro (BRBC), chicken (CRBC), and toad (TRBC) being used. Antibody specificity was tested by a number of functional assays: hemagglutination, hemolysis, and immune suppression. The specificity of T cells was determined by titrating their ability to help the in vitro antitrinitrophenol (TNP) responses of mouse spleen cultures immunized with the hapten coupled to the various test erythrocytes as carrier. Anti-SRBC antibody cross-reacted with GRBC, but not with BRBC, CRBC, or TRBC. In contrast, SRBC-primed helper T cells cross-reacted with both GRBC and BRBC, but not with CRBC or TRBC, indicating a difference in the specificity of antigen recognition between the cellular and the humoral immune responses.
Functional studies of twelve mutant V2 vasopressin receptors related to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Y Ala, D Morin, B Mouillac, N Sabatier, R Vargas, N Cotte, M Déchaux, C Antignac, M F Arthus, M Lonergan, M S Turner, M N Balestre, G Alonso, M Hibert, C Barberis, G N Hendy, D G Bichet, S Jard
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare disease with defective renal and extrarenal arginine vasopressin V2 receptor responses due to mutations in the AVPR2 gene in Xq28. To study the cause of loss of function of mutant V2 receptors, we expressed 12 mutations (N55H, L59P, L83Q, V88M, 497CC-->GG, deltaR202, I209F, 700delC, 908insT, A294P, P322H, P322S) in COS-7 cells. Eleven of these, including P322H, were characterized by a complete loss of function, but the mutation P322S demonstrated a mild clinical and in vitro phenotype. This was characterized by a late diagnosis without any growth or developmental delay and a significant increase in urine osmolality after intravenous 1-deamino[D-Arg8]AVP administration. In vitro, the P322S mutant was able to partially activate the Gs/adenylyl cyclase system in contrast to the other V2R mutants including P322H, which were completely inactive in this regard. This showed not only that Pro 322 is important for proper V2R coupling, but also that the degree of impairment is strongly dependent on the identity of the substituting amino acid. Three-dimensional modeling of the P322H and P322S mutant receptors suggested that the complete loss of function of the P322H receptor could be due, in part, to hydrogen bond formation between the His 322 side chain and the carboxyl group of Asp 85, which does not occur in the P322S receptor.