tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prediction Model for Estimating the Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Samuel J. Wang, C. David Fuller, Jong-Sung Kim, Dean F. Sittig, Charles R. Thomas, Peter M. Ravdin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

The benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for gallbladder cancer remains controversial because most published data are from small, single-institution studies. The purpose of this study was to construct a survival prediction model to enable individualized predictions of the net survival benefit of adjuvant RT for gallbladder cancer patients based on specific tumor and patient characteristics.A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was constructed using data from 4,180 patients with resected gallbladder cancer diagnosed from 1988 to 2003 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patient and tumor characteristics were included as covariates and assessed for association with overall survival (OS) with and without adjuvant RT. The model was internally validated for discrimination and calibration using bootstrap resampling.On multivariate regression analysis, the model showed that age, sex, papillary histology, stage, and adjuvant RT were significant predictors of OS. The survival prediction model demonstrated good calibration and discrimination, with a bootstrap-corrected concordance index of 0.71. The model predicts that adjuvant RT provides a survival benefit in node-positive or >or= T2 disease. A nomogram and a browser-based software tool were built from the model that can calculate individualized estimates of predicted net survival gain attributable to adjuvant RT, given specific input parameters.In the absence of large, prospective, randomized, clinical trial data, a regression model can be used to make individualized predictions of the expected survival improvement from the addition of adjuvant RT after gallbladder cancer resection.
Are Children the Future of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention?
Authors: Edward W. Gregg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes is now more than one in three in the general U.S. population, and one in six adolescents is now obese, suggesting that prevention should start in childhood.1,2 Many consider diabetes and obesity to be "common-source" epidemics that are rooted in our culture, as evidenced by national trends toward larger portion sizes and more meals built around calorically dense fast food, sugar-sweetened drinks, and sedentary behavior.3,4 Fighting such a powerful wave with purely clinical and adult-based approaches to prevention may seem like pasting a small bandage on a gaping wound. Rather than . . .
Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements
Authors: Peter Szatmari, Andrew D Paterson, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Wendy Roberts, Jessica Brian, Xiao-Qing Liu, John B Vincent, Jennifer L Skaug, Ann P Thompson, Lili Senman, Lars Feuk, Cheng Qian, Susan E Bryson, Marshall B Jones, Christian R Marshall, Stephen W Scherer, Veronica J Vieland, Christopher Bartlett, La Vonne Mangin, Rhinda Goedken, Alberto Segre, Margaret A Pericak-Vance, Michael L Cuccaro, John R Gilbert, Harry H Wright, Ruth K Abramson, Catalina Betancur, Thomas Bourgeron, Christopher Gillberg, Marion Leboyer, Joseph D Buxbaum, Kenneth L Davis, Eric Hollander, Jeremy M Silverman, Joachim Hallmayer, Linda Lotspeich, James S Sutcliffe, Jonathan L Haines, Susan E Folstein, Joseph Piven, Thomas H Wassink, Val Sheffield, Daniel H Geschwind, Maja Bucan, W Ted Brown, Rita M Cantor, John N Constantino, T Conrad Gilliam, Martha Herbert, Clara Lajonchere, David H Ledbetter, Christa Lese-Martin, Janet Miller, Stan Nelson, Carol A Samango-Sprouse, Sarah Spence, Matthew State, Rudolph E Tanzi, Hilary Coon, Geraldine Dawson, Bernie Devlin, Annette Estes, Pamela Flodman, Lambertus Klei, William M McMahon, Nancy Minshew, Jeff Munson, Elena Korvatska, Patricia M Rodier, Gerard D Schellenberg, Moyra Smith, M Anne Spence, Chris Stodgell, Ping Guo Tepper, Ellen M Wijsman, Chang-En Yu, Bernadette Rogé, Carine Mantoulan, Kerstin Wittemeyer, Annemarie Poustka, Bärbel Felder, Sabine M Klauck, Claudia Schuster, Fritz Poustka, Sven Bölte, Sabine Feineis-Matthews, Evelyn Herbrecht, Gabi Schmötzer, John Tsiantis, Katerina Papanikolaou, Elena Maestrini, Elena Bacchelli, Francesca Blasi, Simona Carone, Claudio Toma, Herman Van Engeland, Maretha de Jonge, Chantal Kemner, Frederieke Koop, Frederike Koop, Marjolein Langemeijer, Marjolijn Langemeijer, Channa Hijmans, Channa Hijimans, Wouter G Staal, Gillian Baird, Patrick F Bolton, Michael L Rutter, Emma Weisblatt, Jonathan Green, Catherine Aldred, Julie-Anne Wilkinson, Andrew Pickles, Ann Le Couteur, Tom Berney, Helen McConachie, Anthony J Bailey, Kostas Francis, Gemma Honeyman, Aislinn Hutchinson, Jeremy R Parr, Simon Wallace, Anthony P Monaco, Gabrielle Barnby, Kazuhiro Kobayashi, Janine A Lamb, Ines Sousa, Nuala Sykes, Edwin H Cook, Stephen J Guter, Bennett L Leventhal, Jeff Salt, Catherine Lord, Christina Corsello, Vanessa Hus, Daniel E Weeks, Fred Volkmar, Maïté Tauber, Eric Fombonne, Andy Shih, Kacie J Meyer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
The effect of ethanol on one-carbon metabolism: Increased methionine catabolism and lipotrope methyl-group wastage
Authors: Kenneth C. Trimble, Anne M. Molloy, John M. Scot, Donald G. Weir
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Deficiency of choline and methionine produces hepatic steatosis similar to that seen with ethanol, and supplementation with these lipotropes can prevent ethanol-induced fatty liver. These effects are thought to occur through alterations in membrane phospholipid metabolism, but the mechanism whereby this occurs and the precise nature of the changes brought about by ethanol in the interactions of choline and methionine metabolism remain unclear. Through the known effects on hepatic glutathione (which requires as a precursor a product of methionine catabolism), ethanol might affect hepatic one-carbon metabolism, which requires the participation of both methionine and choline in the transfer of methyl groups. This has been investigated with a radiorespirometric technique to assess the in vivo oxidation of the methyl groups of lipotropes and their intermediates in ethnaol- and control-fed rats. Enzyme activities of one-carbon transfer reactions and the hepatic levels of methionine and alpha-aminobutyrate, an end product of methionine catabolism, have been measured. The effect of ethanol feeding on hepatic S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine has also been assessed. Ethanol increases the oxidation to carbon dioxide of the methyl group of methionine by a factor of 2.9 (p = 0.002) and produces a 3.6-fold (p = 0.0001) accumulation of alpha-aminobutyrate, indicating a marked increase in methionine catabolism. Hepatic methionine levels are unchanged by ethanol, however, and this may be explained by a dramatic increase in the turnover of the methyl groups of choline and betaine in response to ethanol (times 3.6 and 4.2, respectively, p < 0.003), suggesting greatly increased use of the choline oxidation pathway to remethylate homocysteine through betaine homocysteine methyltransferase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unconsciously competing goals can collaborate or compromise as well as win or lose
Authors: Peter Carruthers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract This commentary offers a friendly extension of Huang &amp; Bargh's (H&amp;B's) account. Not only do active goals sometimes operate unconsciously to dominate or preempt others, but simultaneously active goals can also collaborate or compromise in shaping behavior. Because neither goal wins complete control of behavior, the result may be that each is only partly satisfied.
Authentic T helper CD4 (W3/25) antigen on rat peritoneal macrophages.
Authors: W A Jefferies, J R Green, A F Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

The rat W3/25 antigen that appears to be equivalent to human CD4 (T4) antigen is expressed on thymocytes and T helper cells and plays a role in the response of T helper cells to antigen. The W3/25 and anti-T4 antibodies also label macrophages. In this paper we examine whether the macrophage antigen is the same as that on T cells. New monoclonal antibodies against the rat CD4 antigen, MRC OX-35 through OX-38, are described, all of which label peritoneal macrophages from normal and athymic rats. The molecular weight of W3/25 antigen on macrophages is indistinguishable from that on T cells. We conclude that macrophages express authentic CD4 (W3/25) antigen. Another new monoclonal antibody, MRC OX-34, labels an antigen of 50-54,000 mol wt that is expressed on rat T but not B cells or peritoneal macrophages. It was used to control for the presence of any T cell products in immunoprecipitation from rat macrophage extracts.
171 PORTAL HYPERTENSIVE GASTROPATHY CORRELATE WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND PROGNOSIS IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M.Y. Kim, S.K. Baik, C.S. Won, J.W. Byun, H.J. Park, J.S. Park, S.Y. Park, Y.H. Kwon, Y.D. Kim, G.J. Cheon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Azithromycin Improves Macrophage Phagocytic Function and Expression of Mannose Receptor in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Sandra Hodge, Greg Hodge, Hubertus Jersmann, Geoffrey Matthews, Jessica Ahern, Mark Holmes, Paul N. Reynolds
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Defective efferocytosis (phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells) in the airway may perpetuate inflammation via secondary necrosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have previously reported that low-dose azithromycin improved alveolar macrophage (AM) phagocytic function in vitro.Objectives: We investigated collectins (mannose-binding lectin [MBL] and surfactant protein [SP]-D) and mannose receptor (MR) in COPD and their possible role in the azithromycin-mediated improvement in phagocytosis.Methods: In vitro effects of azithromycin on AM expression of MR were investigated. MBL, SP-D, and MR were measured in patients with COPD and control subjects. Azithromycin (250 mg orally daily for 5 d then twice weekly for 12 wk) was administered to 11 patients with COPD. Assessments included AM phagocytic ability and expression of MR, MBL, SP-D, bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis, pulmonary function, C-reactive protein, blood/BAL leukocyte counts, cytokine production, and T-cell markers of activation and phenotype.Measurements and Main Results: Azithomycin (500 ng/ml) increased MR expression by 50% in vitro. AM MR expression and levels of MBL and SP-D were significantly reduced in patients with COPD compared with control subjects. In patients with COPD, after azithromycin therapy, we observed significantly improved AM phagocytic ability (pre: 9.9%; post: 15.1%), reduced bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis (pre: 30.0%; post: 19.7%), and increased MR and reduced inflammatory markers in the peripheral blood. These findings implicate the MR in the defective phagocytic function of AMs in COPD and as a target for the azithromycin-mediated improvement in phagocytic ability.Conclusions: Our findings indicate a novel approach to supplement existing therapies in COPD.
Association of the blaCMY-10 gene with a novel complex class 1 integron carrying an ISCR1 element in clinical isolates from Korea
Authors: J.S. Song, S.J. Jang, J.J. Lee, J.H. Lee, I.K. Bae, B.C. Jeong, S.-S. Cha, J.-H. Lee, S.-K. Hong, S.H. Lee
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
THE ANTISTREPTOLYSIN TITER IN RHEUMATIC FEVER, ARTHRITIS AND OTHER DISEASES
Authors: Joseph J. Bunim, Currier McEwen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1940)

Since 1933 a number of serologic tests have been made in the study of patients with rheumatic fever, arthritis, and several other diseases, who have come under the authors' care.These tests include gonococcus complement fixation, hemolytic streptococcus agglutinin and precipitin tests, and antifibrinolysin and antistreptolysin titrations.A preliminary report of the results of these was made in 1936 (1).The purpose of the present report is to give a more detailed analysis of the results of antistreptolysin determinations per- formed from 1933 to the end of 1938.We have determined the titer of the serum of normal subjects and patients with the following diseases: 1. Scarlet fever 2. Rheumatic fever and chorea 3. Rheumatoid and other types of arthritis 4. A few cases of such miscellaneous conditions as erythema nodosum, pericarditis, lupus erythematosus disseminatus, and periar- teritis nodosa.The cases studied were from the Third (New York University) Medical Division of Bellevue Hospital and from the Arthritis Clinics of New York University College of Medicine.The sera were analyzed without knowledge of the clinical diagnoses.The serological determinations were done according to the method of Hodge and Swift (2).Because of the time required for antibody formation to take place, no patient with anti- streptolysin titer within the normal range was in- cluded in our analysis unless serial determinations were made over a period of at least 4 weeks.1In all, 1,539 determinations have been made on the sera of 817 patients with the diseases listed above.We have also collected and rearranged results 1 Except in the scarlet fever patients, some of whom were followed only 3 weeks.obtained by others for the purpose of convenient reference.
Injury rate and injury patterns in FIS World Cup Alpine skiing (2006–2015): have the new ski regulations made an impact?
Authors: Bjørnar Haaland, Sophie E Steenstrup, Tone Bere, Roald Bahr, Lars Nordsletten
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background New regulations for ski equipment were implemented prior to the 2012/2013 season in the International Ski Federation (FIS) Alpine World Cup (WC). Objective To investigate the effect of the new ski regulations on the rate and pattern of injuries by comparing data before (2006–2012) and after the implementation (2012–2015). Methods Injuries were recorded on the basis of the FIS Injury Surveillance System (FIS ISS) through retrospective interviews at the end of each of the nine WC seasons. All acute injuries that required medical attention were registered. Exposure was calculated on the basis of the official result lists. Results The absolute injury rate (injuries/100 athletes/season) was lower in the three seasons after the new ski regulations compared with the six seasons before (risk ratio (RR) 0.74, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.87). This was also the case for the relative injury rate (injuries/1000 runs) (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.98). These changes were evident for male skiers, not for female skiers. There was a lower absolute injury rate for upper body injuries (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.77), while no difference was found for lower extremity injuries (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.01). Conclusions We found a lower rate of injuries in the three seasons after the new ski regulation compared with the six seasons before. However, the ability to draw conclusions on the effects of the equipment change in subgroups of sex, discipline or body part is restricted by the limited statistical power.
Effect of comorbidities and postoperative complications on mortality after hip fracture in elderly people: prospective observational cohort study
Authors: J J W Roche, R T Wenn, O Sahota, C G Moran
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To evaluate postoperative medical complications and the association between these complications and mortality at 30 days and one year after surgery for hip fracture and to examine the association between preoperative comorbidity and the risk of postoperative complications and mortality. <b>Design</b> Prospective observational cohort study. <b>Setting</b> University teaching hospital. <b>Participants</b> 2448 consecutive patients admitted with an acute hip fracture over a four year period. We excluded 358 patients: all those aged &lt; 60; those with periprosthetic fractures, pathological fractures, and fractures treated without surgery; and patients who died before surgery. <b>Interventions</b> Routine care for hip fractures. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Postoperative complications and mortality at 30 days and one year. <b>Results</b> Mortality was 9.6% at 30 days and 33% at one year. The most common postoperative complications were chest infection (9%) and heart failure (5%). In patients who developed postoperative heart failure mortality was 65% at 30 days (hazard ratio 16.1, 95% confidence interval 12.2 to 21.3). Of these patients, 92% were dead by one year (11.3, 9.1 to 14.0). In patients who developed a postoperative chest infection mortality at 30 days was 43% (8.5, 6.6 to 11.1). Significant preoperative variables for increased mortality at 30 days included the presence of three or more comorbidities (2.5, 1.6 to 3.9), respiratory disease (1.8, 1.3 to 2.5), and malignancy (1.5, 1.01 to 2.3). <b>Conclusions</b> In elderly people with hip fracture, the presence of three or more comorbidities is the strongest preoperative risk factor. Chest infection and heart failure are the most common postoperative complications and lead to increased mortality. These groups offer a clear target for specialist medical assessment.
A prognostic model based on nodal status and Ki-67 predicts the risk of recurrence and death in breast cancer patients with residual disease after preoperative chemotherapy
Authors: V. Guarneri, F. Piacentini, G. Ficarra, A. Frassoldati, R. D'Amico, S. Giovannelli, A. Maiorana, G. Jovic, P. Conte
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Regulation of the PU.1 gene by distal elements
Authors: Youlin Li, Yutaka Okuno, Pu Zhang, Hanna S. Radomska, Hui-min Chen, Hiromi Iwasaki, Koichi Akashi, Michael J. Klemsz, Scott R. McKercher, Richard A. Maki, Daniel G. Tenen
Journal: Blood (2001)
Combined HER2 analysis of biopsies and surgical specimens to optimize detection of trastuzumab-eligible patients in eso-gastric adenocarcinoma: a GERCOR study
Authors: S. Watson, P. Validire, P. Cervera, N. Zorkani, A. Scriva, F. Lemay, C. Tournigand, T. Perniceni, M-L. Garcia, M. Bennamoun, F. Paye, C. Louvet
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Caldesmon Inhibits Active Crossbridges in Unstimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: James J. Earley, Xiaoling Su, Robert S. Moreland
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Caldesmon is a thin-filament–associated protein believed to be important in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction, although the precise mechanism is unknown. We used antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to produce intact swine carotid smooth muscle tissue deficient in h -caldesmon. Caldesmon content was decreased by 78% after 7 days in culture with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides but was unchanged in tissues in the presence of sense oligodeoxynucleotides or vehicle. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides produced a significant decrease in the caldesmon/actin ratio, but no change was measured in the calponin/actin ratio, suggesting that the effect was specific to caldesmon and not other thin-filament–associated proteins. Basal and KCl-stimulated levels of myosin light chain phosphorylation were not different among tissues from all 3 groups. In contrast, h -caldesmon–deficient tissues produced 62% less KCl-induced force than controls. Unstimulated h -caldesmon–deficient smooth muscle tissues stretched and then released, redeveloped force, demonstrating active crossbridge cycling; strips containing normal h -caldesmon content did not redevelop force on release. We suggest that in resting vascular smooth muscle, active crossbridges are inhibited by caldesmon. Therefore, regulation of smooth muscle includes a thin-filament–based disinhibition component.
Lung function decline in asthma: association with inhaled corticosteroids, smoking and sex
Authors: A Dijkstra
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) provide short term benefits in asthma but the long term effects are still unknown. <b>Methods:</b> 281 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe asthma in 1963–75 were re-examined in 1991–9. Information was collected on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>), bronchial hyperresponsiveness, atopy, smoking, use and dosage of oral and ICS. Patients were included in the analyses if they had at least three FEV<sub>1</sub> measurements during two consecutive years after the age of 30 and used ICS during follow up. <b>Results:</b> Analyses were performed on 122 patients. During a median follow up period of 23 years, 71 men and 51 women had on average 37 and 40 individual FEV<sub>1</sub> measurements, respectively. Linear mixed effect models showed that men had a mean annual decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> of 20.6 ml/year less after ICS initiation than before (p = 0.011), and in women the decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> was 3.2 ml/year less (p = 0.73). In individuals with &lt;5 pack years of smoking the decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> was 36.8 ml/year less after ICS institution in men (p = 0.0097) and 0.8 ml/year less in women (p = 0.94), the difference between the sexes being significant (p = 0.045). These effects were not observed in those with ⩾5 pack years smoking. A higher daily dose of ICS was associated with a smaller decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> in men (p = 0.006), an effect not observed in women. <b>Conclusion:</b> Treatment with ICS in adult patients with moderate to severe asthma was associated with a reduction in the decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> over a 23 year follow up period in men who had smoked &lt;5 pack years. This effect was dose dependent and was not present in women or in men with ⩾5 pack years of smoking at follow up. The lack of effect of ICS on the decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> in women needs further study.
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine hyperplasia, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, and asthma
Authors: M. S. Sanaee, P. M. O'Byrne, P. Nair
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

To the Editors: 

Herein we report the progression of irreversible airflow obstruction in a patient with diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH). Following an episode of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia associated with raised sputum substance P and infiltration of the interstitum and alveolar spaces with eosinophils, the fixed airflow limitation became variable ( i.e. asthma), requiring treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists.

A number of airway diseases, such as smoker's bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis, can lead to chronic airflow limitation 1. However, variability and reversibility of airflow limitation is only observed in asthma. Inflammatory cell infiltration of the airway, particularly with eosinophils, may be one of the mechanisms of variable airflow limitation 2. Although the natural history of eosinophilic bronchitis is not well known, it is believed that it may lead to chronic irreversible airflow limitation 3. However, it is unusual for chronic irreversible airflow limitation to show variability and improvement in airway calibre following treatment with corticosteroids. This case report describes the changes in lung function and response to treatment of a patient with chronic airflow limitation due to smoker's bronchitis and DIPNECH following eosinophilic inflammation of the airway and the interstitium. The case also highlights the importance of measuring airway inflammation in the management of airway diseases.

A 65-yr-old female with a history of hypercholesterolemia, vertebral osteoarthritis, gall stone disease and endometriosis but no previous respiratory illness, except a mild intermittent cough for the past 4 yrs, presented with fever, night sweats, worsening cough and weight loss of 6.8 kg (15 lbs). She did not have muscle or joint aches, a skin rash or bowel symptoms. She appeared pale and had inspiratory crackles in her left axillary region. After accumulating a 12 pack-yr smoking history, she had quit smoking 15 yrs earlier. She had immigrated to Canada from …