tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accountability of Hospitals for Medicare Beneficiaries’ Postacute Care Discharge Disposition
Authors: Vincent Mor, Momotazur Rahman, John McHugh
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Systemic Effects of Vitamin D
Authors: Helmut Reichel, Anthony W. Norman
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1989)

Traditionally perceived as a seco-steroid hormone involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] is now known also to be active in tissues not directly contributing to mineral metabolism. New data show that 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 is produced by and interacts with hematopoietic cells. The hormone promotes myeloid differentiation and modulates the function of activated lymphocytes. Another new target tissue for 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 is the skin, where 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 enhances differentiation of epidermal cells. Therapeutic application of 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 or suitable analogues in differentiation disorders of hematopoietic and skin cells is currently under investigation.
Ewing Sarcoma in a Patient With Cowden Syndrome
Authors: Mod C. Chandhanayingyong, Nicholas M. Bernthal, Piti Ungarreevittaya, Scott D. Nelson, Sant P. Chawla, Arun S. Singh
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

A 47-year-old woman, initially diagnosed in 1996 with Cowden syndrome (CS), PTEN-mutant bilateral breast cancer, a thyroid nodule, and uterine fibroids, presented to UCLA in 2013 with Ewing sarcoma of the pelvic bone. Her treatment course included mastectomies, hysterectomy/oophorectomy, and total thyroid resection, and chemotherapy, radiation, and hemipelvectomy for Ewing sarcoma. This case report illustrates the unusual presentation of Ewing sarcoma in a patient with PTEN-mutant CS, the probable underlying molecular pathogenesis, long-term management, and therapeutic considerations.
The IL-15-Based ALT-803 Complex Enhances FcγRIIIa-Triggered NK Cell Responses and <i>In Vivo</i> Clearance of B Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Maximillian Rosario, Bai Liu, Lin Kong, Lynne I. Collins, Stephanie E. Schneider, Xiaoyue Chen, Kaiping Han, Emily K. Jeng, Peter R. Rhode, Jeffrey W. Leong, Timothy Schappe, Brea A. Jewell, Catherine R. Keppel, Keval Shah, Brian Hess, Rizwan Romee, David R. Piwnica-Worms, Amanda F. Cashen, Nancy L. Bartlett, Hing C. Wong, Todd A. Fehniger
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are an important immunotherapy for B-cell lymphoma, and provide evidence that the immune system may be harnessed as an effective lymphoma treatment approach. ALT-803 is a superagonist IL-15 mutant and IL-15Rα-Fc fusion complex that activates the IL-15 receptor constitutively expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. We hypothesized that ALT-803 would enhance anti-CD20 mAb-directed NK-cell responses and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).We tested this hypothesis by adding ALT-803 immunostimulation to anti-CD20 mAb triggering of NK cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell lines and primary human lymphoma cells were utilized as targets for primary human NK cells. Two complementary in vivo mouse models were used, which included human NK-cell xenografts in NOD/SCID-γc (-/-) mice.We demonstrate that short-term ALT-803 stimulation significantly increased degranulation, IFNγ production, and ADCC by human NK cells against B-cell lymphoma cell lines or primary follicular lymphoma cells. ALT-803 augmented cytotoxicity and the expression of granzyme B and perforin, providing one potential mechanism for this enhanced functionality. Moreover, in two distinct in vivo B-cell lymphoma models, the addition of ALT-803 to anti-CD20 mAb therapy resulted in significantly reduced tumor cell burden and increased survival. Long-term ALT-803 stimulation of human NK cells induced proliferation and NK-cell subset changes with preserved ADCC.ALT-803 represents a novel immunostimulatory drug that enhances NK-cell antilymphoma responses in vitro and in vivo, thereby supporting the clinical investigation of ALT-803 plus anti-CD20 mAbs in patients with indolent B-cell lymphoma.
Flow cytometry as a predictive indicator in patients with operable gastric cancer.
Authors: D M Nanus, D P Kelsen, D Niedzwiecki, D Chapman, M Brennan, E Cheng, M Melamed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Adenocarcinoma of the proximal portion of the stomach (gastroesophageal [GE] junction and cardia) is increasing in incidence. The inferior survival of patients with GE-cardia lesions as compared with patients with tumors located in the body and antrum has been attributed to anatomic features. To determine if a biological difference could explain the varying prognosis, flow cytometric studies were performed prospectively in 50 patients with operable gastric cancer and analyzed for association with site, histology, gender, age, stage, and disease-free survival. DNA aneuploidy significantly correlated with tumor location: 96% of GE-cardia carcinomas were aneuploid as compared with 48% of body-antrum tumors (P = .0008). Nodal involvement was more common in aneuploid tumors (P = .0548), and women were more likely to have diploid tumors than were men (P = .0233). The median disease-free survival for patients with diploid tumors was 18.5 months as compared with 5.4 months for patients with aneuploid carcinomas (P = .076). Furthermore, within the body-antrum of the stomach, patients with diploid tumors had a significantly better disease-free survival than did those with aneuploid tumors from the same site (18.4 v 4.7 months, P = .0185). These results indicate there is a difference in the DNA content of gastric tumors located in different sites within the stomach and that DNA content correlates with prognosis.
Phylogenomics Controlling for Base Compositional Bias Reveals a Single Origin of Eusociality in Corbiculate Bees
Authors: Jonathan Romiguier, Sydney A. Cameron, S. Hollis Woodard, Brielle J. Fischman, Laurent Keller, Christophe J. Praz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

As increasingly large molecular data sets are collected for phylogenomics, the conflicting phylogenetic signal among gene trees poses challenges to resolve some difficult nodes of the Tree of Life. Among these nodes, the phylogenetic position of the honey bees (Apini) within the corbiculate bee group remains controversial, despite its considerable importance for understanding the emergence and maintenance of eusociality. Here, we show that this controversy stems in part from pervasive phylogenetic conflicts among GC-rich gene trees. GC-rich genes typically have a high nucleotidic heterogeneity among species, which can induce topological conflicts among gene trees. When retaining only the most GC-homogeneous genes or using a nonhomogeneous model of sequence evolution, our analyses reveal a monophyletic group of the three lineages with a eusocial lifestyle (honey bees, bumble bees, and stingless bees). These phylogenetic relationships strongly suggest a single origin of eusociality in the corbiculate bees, with no reversal to solitary living in this group. To accurately reconstruct other important evolutionary steps across the Tree of Life, we suggest removing GC-rich and GC-heterogeneous genes from large phylogenomic data sets. Interpreted as a consequence of genome-wide variations in recombination rates, this GC effect can affect all taxa featuring GC-biased gene conversion, which is common in eukaryotes.
Achieving high treatment success for multidrug-resistant TB in Africa: initiation and scale-up of MDR TB care in Ethiopia—an observational cohort study
Authors: Daniel Meressa, Rocío M Hurtado, Jason R Andrews, Ermias Diro, Kassim Abato, Tewodros Daniel, Paritosh Prasad, Rebekah Prasad, Bekele Fekade, Yared Tedla, Hanan Yusuf, Melaku Tadesse, Dawit Tefera, Abraham Ashenafi, Girma Desta, Getachew Aderaye, Kristian Olson, Sok Thim, Anne E Goldfeld
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> In Africa, fewer than half of patients receiving therapy for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) are successfully treated, with poor outcomes reported for HIV-coinfected patients. <h3>Methods</h3> A standardised second-line drug (SLD) regimen was used in a non-governmental organisation–Ministry of Health (NGO-MOH) collaborative community and hospital-based programme in Ethiopia that included intensive side effect monitoring, adherence strategies and nutritional supplementation. Clinical outcomes for patients with at least 24 months of follow-up were reviewed and predictors of treatment failure or death were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards models. <h3>Results</h3> From February 2009 to December 2014, 1044 patients were initiated on SLD. 612 patients with confirmed or presumed MDR TB had ≥24 months of follow-up, 551 (90.0%) were confirmed and 61 (10.0%) were suspected MDR TB cases. 603 (98.5%) had prior TB treatment, 133 (21.7%) were HIV coinfected and median body mass index (BMI) was 16.6. Composite treatment success was 78.6% with 396 (64.7%) cured, 85 (13.9%) who completed treatment, 10 (1.6%) who failed, 85 (13.9%) who died and 36 (5.9%) who were lost to follow-up. HIV coinfection (adjusted HR (AHR): 2.60, p&lt;0.001), BMI (AHR 0.88/kg/m<sup>2</sup>, p=0.006) and <i>cor pulmonale</i> (AHR 3.61, p=0.003) and confirmed MDR TB (AHR 0.50, p=0.026) were predictive of treatment failure or death. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We report from Ethiopia the highest MDR TB treatment success outcomes so far achieved in Africa, in a setting with severe resource constraints and patients with advanced disease. Intensive treatment of adverse effects, nutritional supplementation, adherence interventions and NGO-MOH collaboration were key strategies contributing to success. We argue these approaches should be routinely incorporated into programmes.
Review of David M. Berube,<i>Nano-Hype. The Truth Behind the Nanotechnology Buzz</i>.<sup>1</sup>
Authors: Fabrice Jotterand
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

"Review of David M. Berube, Nano-Hype. The Truth Behind the Nanotechnology Buzz. 1 ." , 7(8), pp. 54–55 Notes 1. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2005. 521 pp. $28.00, hardcover.
Lymphokine Production by Human T Cells in Disease States
Authors: Sergio Romagnani
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1994)

A large body of evidence suggests the existence of polarized human T cell responses, reminiscent of Th1 and Th2 subsets described for mouse T cells. Human Th1-like cells preferentially develop during infections by intracellular bacteria, protozoa, and viruses, whereas Th2-like cells predominate during helminthic infestations and in response to common environmental allergens. The cytokine profile of “natural immunity” evoked by different offending agents in the context of different host genetic backgrounds appears to be a critical factor in determining the phenotype of the subsequent specific response. Strongly polarized human Th1-type and Th2-type responses not only play different roles in protection, they can also promote different immunopathological reactions. Th1-type responses appear to be involved in organ specific autoimmunity, in contact dermatitis, and in some chronic inflammatory disorders of unknown etiology. In contrast, in genetically predisposed hosts, Th2-type responses against common environmental allergens are responsible for triggering of allergic atopic disorders. Altered profiles of lymphokine production may account for immune dysfunctions in some primary or acquired immunodeficiency syndromes. The role of lymphokines produced by T cells in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune disorders is less clear. Further work is also required to better clarify the role of T cell-derived lymphokines in protecting against tumors or in favoring their development.
Medical Adhesives: Bioinspired Nanoparticulate Medical Glues for Minimally Invasive Tissue Repair (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 16/2015)
Authors: Yuhan Lee, Chenjie Xu, Monisha Sebastin, Albert Lee, Nathan Holwell, Calvin Xu, David Miranda Nieves, Luye Mu, Robert S. Langer, Charles Lin, Jeffrey M. Karp
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Methods to deliver viscous medical glues to the tissues through small incisions or with small channels are critical for minimally invasive surgeries. Inspired by the granule-packaged glue delivery system of sandcastle worms, J. M. Karp and co-workers show on page 2587 nanoparticulate formulation of viscous hydrophobic light-activated adhesive based on poly(glycerol sebacate)-acrylate.
Mitochondrial metabolism mediates oxidative stress and inflammation in fatty liver
Authors: Santhosh Satapati, Blanka Kucejova, Joao A.G. Duarte, Justin A. Fletcher, Lacy Reynolds, Nishanth E. Sunny, Tianteng He, L. Arya Nair, Kenneth Livingston, Xiaorong Fu, Matthew E. Merritt, A. Dean Sherry, Craig R. Malloy, John M. Shelton, Jennifer Lambert, Elizabeth J. Parks, Ian Corbin, Mark A. Magnuson, Jeffrey D. Browning, Shawn C. Burgess
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Mitochondria are critical for respiration in all tissues; however, in liver, these organelles also accommodate high-capacity anaplerotic/cataplerotic pathways that are essential to gluconeogenesis and other biosynthetic activities. During nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), mitochondria also produce ROS that damage hepatocytes, trigger inflammation, and contribute to insulin resistance. Here, we provide several lines of evidence indicating that induction of biosynthesis through hepatic anaplerotic/cataplerotic pathways is energetically backed by elevated oxidative metabolism and hence contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation during NAFLD. First, in murine livers, elevation of fatty acid delivery not only induced oxidative metabolism, but also amplified anaplerosis/cataplerosis and caused a proportional rise in oxidative stress and inflammation. Second, loss of anaplerosis/cataplerosis via genetic knockdown of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) prevented fatty acid–induced rise in oxidative flux, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Flux appeared to be regulated by redox state, energy charge, and metabolite concentration, which may also amplify antioxidant pathways. Third, preventing elevated oxidative metabolism with metformin also normalized hepatic anaplerosis/cataplerosis and reduced markers of inflammation. Finally, independent histological grades in human NAFLD biopsies were proportional to oxidative flux. Thus, hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with elevated oxidative metabolism during an obesogenic diet, and this link may be provoked by increased work through anabolic pathways.
Nuclear Trapping through Inhibition of Exosomal Export by Indomethacin Increases Cytostatic Efficacy of Doxorubicin and Pixantrone
Authors: Raphael Koch, Thiha Aung, Daniel Vogel, Bjoern Chapuy, Dirk Wenzel, Sabrina Becker, Ursula Sinzig, Vivek Venkataramani, Tobias von Mach, Ralf Jacob, Lorenz Truemper, Gerald G. Wulf
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Although R-CHOP–based immunochemotherapy cures significant proportions of patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma, tumor cell susceptibility to chemotherapy varies, with mostly fatal outcome in cases of resistant disease. We and others have shown before that export of cytostatic drugs contributes to drug resistance. Now we provide a novel approach to overcome exosome-mediated drug resistance in aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Experimental Design: We used well-established centrifugation protocols to purify exosomes from DLBCL cell lines and detected anthracyclines using FACS and HPLC. We used shRNA knockdown of ABCA3 to determine ABCA3 dependence of chemotherapy susceptibility and monitored ABCA3 expression after indomethacin treatment using qPCR. Finally, we established an in vivo assay using a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay to determine the synergy of anthracycline and indomethacin treatment. Results: We show increased efficacy of the anthracycline doxorubicin and the anthracenedione pixantrone by suppression of exosomal drug resistance with indomethacin. B-cell lymphoma cells in vitro efficiently extruded doxorubicin and pixantrone, in part compacted in exosomes. Exosomal biogenesis was critically dependent on the expression of the ATP-transporter A3 (ABCA3). Genetic or chemical depletion of ABCA3 augmented intracellular retention of both drugs and shifted the subcellular drug accumulation to prolonged nuclear retention. Indomethacin increased the cytostatic efficacy of both drugs against DLBCL cell lines in vitro and in vivo in a CAM assay. Conclusions: We propose pretreatment with indomethacin toward enhanced antitumor efficacy of anthracyclines and anthracenediones. Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 395–404. ©2015 AACR.
Needle Exchange Programs for HIV Outbreaks
Authors: Ross D. Silverman, Beth Meyerson, Caitlin F. Priest
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Directly visualized glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles transfer RNA to microglia/macrophages in the brain
Authors: Kristan E. van der Vos, Erik R. Abels, Xuan Zhang, Charles Lai, Esteban Carrizosa, Derek Oakley, Shilpa Prabhakar, Osama Mardini, Matheus H. W. Crommentuijn, Johan Skog, Anna M. Krichevsky, Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov, Thorsten R. Mempel, Joseph El Khoury, Suzanne E. Hickman, Xandra O. Breakefield
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

To understand the ability of gliomas to manipulate their microenvironment, we visualized the transfer of vesicles and the effects of tumor-released extracellular RNA on the phenotype of microglia in culture and in vivo.
Targeting a Plk1-Controlled Polarity Checkpoint in Therapy-Resistant Glioblastoma-Propagating Cells
Authors: Robin G. Lerner, Stefan Grossauer, Banafsheh Kadkhodaei, Ian Meyers, Maxim Sidorov, Katharina Koeck, Rintaro Hashizume, Tomoko Ozawa, Joanna J. Phillips, Mitchel S. Berger, Theodore Nicolaides, C. David James, Claudia K. Petritsch
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains challenging in part due to the presence of stem-like tumor-propagating cells that are resistant to standard therapies consisting of radiation and temozolomide. Among the novel and targeted agents under evaluation for the treatment of GBM are BRAF/MAPK inhibitors, but their effects on tumor-propagating cells are unclear. Here, we characterized the behaviors of CD133+ tumor-propagating cells isolated from primary GBM cell lines. We show that CD133+ cells exhibited decreased sensitivity to the antiproliferative effects of BRAF/MAPK inhibition compared to CD133− cells. Furthermore, CD133+ cells exhibited an extended G2–M phase and increased polarized asymmetric cell divisions. At the molecular level, we observed that polo-like kinase (PLK) 1 activity was elevated in CD133+ cells, prompting our investigation of BRAF/PLK1 combination treatment effects in an orthotopic GBM xenograft model. Combined inhibition of BRAF and PLK1 resulted in significantly greater antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects beyond those achieved by monotherapy (P &amp;lt; 0.05). We propose that PLK1 activity controls a polarity checkpoint and compensates for BRAF/MAPK inhibition in CD133+ cells, suggesting the need for concurrent PLK1 inhibition to improve antitumor activity against a therapy-resistant cell compartment. Cancer Res; 75(24); 5355–66. ©2015 AACR.
Water purifier cannot claim to be endorsed by doctors, India’s advertising regulator says
Authors: Priyanka Pulla
Journal: BMJ (2015)

India’s advertising regulator has asked a water purification manufacturer to cease using an endorsement from doctors for its product because the claim is unsubstantiated. 

The decision by the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI), a self regulatory body for advertisers in India, came after KV Babu, an ophthalmologist in Kerala, filed a complaint in June 2015 questioning the wording of an advertisement from Kent RO Systems, which described its reverse osmosis (RO) water purification device as “Doctors’ 1st choice RO purifier.”

Kent RO has refused to comply with the advertising council’s decision, arguing that it is not obligated to do so. 

The company’s adverts have been at the centre of controversy for some time. In May this year, the Indian Medical Association (IMA) entered a partnership with Kent to promote the consumption of safe drinking water …
AFFECTIVE DISORDERS IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: R E Neshkes, L F Jarvik
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1987)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More