tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Grass Pollen Immunotherapy: Impaired Allergen-Induced Nasal and Cutaneous Responses Correlate With Overall Seasonal Symptom Scores and Are Associated With Suppressed Local Th2 Cytokines In Nasal Fluid
Authors: Guy W. Scadding, Aarif Eifan, Mongkol Lao-Araya, Martin J. Penagos Paniagua, Shun Yan Poon, Esther Steveling, Andrea Goldstone, Rachel Yan, Amy Switzer, Deborah Phippard, Mohamed H. Shamji, Stephen R. Durham
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Identification of Asthma Phenotypes Using Cluster Analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program
Authors: Wendy C. Moore, Deborah A. Meyers, Sally E. Wenzel, W. Gerald Teague, Huashi Li, Xingnan Li, Ralph D'Agostino, Mario Castro, Douglas Curran-Everett, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin Gaston, Nizar N. Jarjour, Ronald Sorkness, William J. Calhoun, Kian Fan Chung, Suzy A. A. Comhair, Raed A. Dweik, Elliot Israel, Stephen P. Peters, William W. Busse, Serpil C. Erzurum, Eugene R. Bleecker
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: The Severe Asthma Research Program cohort includes subjects with persistent asthma who have undergone detailed phenotypic characterization. Previous univariate methods compared features of mild, moderate, and severe asthma.Objectives: To identify novel asthma phenotypes using an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis.Methods: Reduction of the initial 628 variables to 34 core variables was achieved by elimination of redundant data and transformation of categorical variables into ranked ordinal composite variables. Cluster analysis was performed on 726 subjects.Measurements and Main Results: Five groups were identified. Subjects in Cluster 1 (n = 110) have early onset atopic asthma with normal lung function treated with two or fewer controller medications (82%) and minimal health care utilization. Cluster 2 (n = 321) consists of subjects with early-onset atopic asthma and preserved lung function but increased medication requirements (29% on three or more medications) and health care utilization. Cluster 3 (n = 59) is a unique group of mostly older obese women with late-onset nonatopic asthma, moderate reductions in FEV1, and frequent oral corticosteroid use to manage exacerbations. Subjects in Clusters 4 (n = 120) and 5 (n = 116) have severe airflow obstruction with bronchodilator responsiveness but differ in to their ability to attain normal lung function, age of asthma onset, atopic status, and use of oral corticosteroids.Conclusions: Five distinct clinical phenotypes of asthma have been identified using unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. All clusters contain subjects who meet the American Thoracic Society definition of severe asthma, which supports clinical heterogeneity in asthma and the need for new approaches for the classification of disease severity in asthma.
Lower respiratory tract infection outcomes are predicted better by an age &gt;80 years than by CURB-65
Authors: S. Teramoto, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Hanaoka, M. Ishii, S. Hibi, H. Kume, Y. Ouchi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Lower respiratory tract infection outcomes are predicted better by an age .80 years than by CURB-65To the Editors:In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal, Bont et al.[1] demonstrated that increasing age, previous hospitalisation, heart failure, diabetes, use of oral glucocorticoids, previous use of antibiotics, a diagnosis of pneumonia and an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were independent predictors of 30-day hospitalisation or death in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).They provided a new scoring system using the variables above for the prognostic predictors in the elderly primary-care patients with LRTI [1].Although some of the predictor variables have been confirmed by other studies, we would like to point out that their results are very important, much more so than previous results.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by BMI
Authors: Monique Hedderson, Samantha Ehrlich, Sneha Sridhar, Jeanne Darbinian, Susan Moore, Assiamira Ferrara
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To examine whether the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and BMI category varies by racial/ethnic group.In a cohort of 123,040 women without recognized pregravid diabetes who delivered babies between 1995 and 2006 at Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, we examined racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of GDM by BMI category and the population-attributable risk (PAR) associated with overweight/obesity.Among all racial/ethnic groups, the age-adjusted prevalence of GDM increased with increasing BMI (kg/m(2)) category. However, Asian and Filipina women had a prevalence of GDM of 9.9 and 8.5%, respectively, at a BMI of 22.0-24.9 kg/m(2), whereas in Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and African American women, the prevalence of GDM was >8.0% at a higher BMI, such as 28-30, 34-36, and ≥37 kg/m(2), respectively. The estimated PARs suggest that the percentage of GDM that could be prevented if all pregnant women were of normal weight (BMI <25.0 kg/m(2)) ranging from 65% for African American women to only 23% among Asian women.Clinicians should be aware that the BMI thresholds for increased risk of GDM varies by racial/ethnic group and that the risk is high even at relatively low BMI cutoffs in Asian and Filipina women. Asian women may benefit from different prevention strategies in addition to weight management.
Hedgehog signaling is critical for maintenance of the adult coronary vasculature in mice
Authors: Kory J. Lavine, Attila Kovacs, David M. Ornitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Hedgehog (HH) signaling has emerged as a critical pathway involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of tumors. As a result, HH antagonists are currently being evaluated as potential anticancer therapeutics. Conversely, activation of HH signaling in the adult heart may be beneficial, as HH agonists have been shown to increase coronary vessel density and improve coronary function after myocardial infarction. To investigate a potential homeostatic role for HH signaling in the adult heart, we ablated endogenous HH signaling in murine myocardial and perivascular smooth muscle cells. HH signaling was required for proangiogenic gene expression and maintenance of the adult coronary vasculature in mice. In the absence of HH signaling, loss of coronary blood vessels led to tissue hypoxia, cardiomyocyte cell death, heart failure, and subsequent lethality. We further showed that HH signaling specifically controlled the survival of small coronary arteries and capillaries. Together, these data demonstrate that HH signaling is essential for cardiac function at the level of the coronary vasculature and caution against the use of HH antagonists in patients with prior or ongoing heart disease.
Hapten-specific T cell responses to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl. VI. Evidence for different T cell receptors in cells that mediate H-21-restricted and H-2D-restricted cutaneous sensitivity responses.
Authors: M E Sunday, B Benacerraf, M E Dorf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

We have previously shown that cross-reactive sensitivity (CS) responses induced by 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl-O-succinimide (NP-O-Su) and elicited by its 5-iodo analogue, 4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl acetyl-O-succinimide were observed in strains of mice possessing the Igh-1b allotype, but not in strains bearing allotypes Igh-1c or Igh-1j. These CS responses are mediated by T cells and can be transferred to naive recipients that are homologous at either the H-2K, H-2I, or H-2D regions of the major histocompatibility complex. We now extend our analysis of cross-reactive 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl-acetyl (NP)-induced CS responses to inbred strains of mice expressing additional Igh-1 allotypes. In contrast to NP-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, which only display 4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NIP) cross-reactivity in Igh-1b-bearing mice, cross-reactive CS responses can also be elicited in NP-primed mice carrying the Igh-1d, Igh-1e, or Igh-1f allotypes. Moreover, cross-reactive NP-induced CS responses could be transferred by NP-O-Su-primed lymph node cells from the AKR (Igh-1d) strain, into naive recipients homologous at the H-2D region, but only non-cross-reactive NP responses could be transferred into strains homologous at the H-2I region. Furthermore, the lack of cross-reactivity in the Igh-1j-bearing C3H strain was not the result of an inability of these mice to recognize NP in association with H-2K/D products, because NP-O-Su-primed cells from C3H donors transferred NP-specific CS responses into both H-2D and H02I homologous recipients. The results are discussed with respect to the nature of the T cell receptors that control NP responses.
Effect of Oral Glucosamine on Joint Structure in Individuals With Chronic Knee Pain: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: C. Kent Kwoh, Frank W. Roemer, Michael J. Hannon, Carolyn E. Moore, John M. Jakicic, Ali Guermazi, Stephanie M. Green, Rhobert W. Evans, Robert Boudreau
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective To determine the short‐term efficacy of oral glucosamine supplementation by evaluating structural lesions in the knee joints, as assessed using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods This study was designed as a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Recruitment was performed via mass mailings and an arthritis registry in southwestern Pennsylvania. In total, 201 participants with mild‐to‐moderate pain in one or both knees, as defined by a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score ≥25 and ≤100, were enrolled. Of these subjects, 69.2% had a Kellgren/Lawrence grade ≥2 in at least 1 knee. Participants received 24 weeks of treatment with 1,500 mg glucosamine hydrochloride in beverage form or a placebo beverage. The primary outcome was decreased worsening of cartilage damage on 3T MRI of both knees, assessed according to a validated scoring system, the Whole‐Organ MRI Score (WORMS). Secondary outcomes included change in bone marrow lesion (BML) scores in all knees and change in excretion of urinary C‐terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX‐II). Results The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the likelihood of decreased cartilage damage over 24 weeks in any WORMS‐scored subregion of the knee in the glucosamine treatment group compared to the control group was 0.938 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.528, 1.666). Compared to subjects treated with glucosamine, control subjects showed more improvement in BMLs (adjusted OR 0.537, 95% CI 0.291, 0.990) but no difference in worsening BMLs (adjusted OR 0.691, 95% CI 0.410, 1.166) over 24 weeks. There was no indication that treatment with glucosamine decreased the excretion of urinary CTX‐II (β = −0.10, 95% CI −0.21, 0.002). Conclusion The results of this short‐term study provide no evidence of structural benefits (i.e., improvements in MRI morphologic features or urinary CTX‐II excretion) from glucosamine supplementation in individuals with chronic knee pain.
Disseminating Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training by Distributing 35 000 Personal Manikins Among School Children
Authors: Dan L. Isbye, Lars S. Rasmussen, Charlotte Ringsted, Freddy K. Lippert
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Because most cardiac arrests occur at home, widespread training is needed to increase the incidence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by lay persons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mass distribution of CPR instructional materials among schoolchildren.We distributed 35,002 resuscitation manikins to pupils (12 to 14 years of age) at 806 primary schools. Using the enclosed 24-minute instructional DVD, they trained in CPR and subsequently used the kit to train family and friends (second tier). They completed a questionnaire on who had trained in CPR using the kit. Teachers also were asked to evaluate the project. The incidence of bystander CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the months following the project was compared with the previous year. In total, 6947 questionnaires (19.8%) were returned. The 6947 kits had been used to train 17,140 from the second tier (mean, 2.5 persons per pupil; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 2.5). The teachers had used a mean of 64 minutes (95% confidence interval, 60 to 68) for preparation and a mean of 13 minutes (95% confidence interval, 11 to 15) to tidy up. Incidence of bystander CPR in the months after the project did not increase significantly compared with the previous year (25.0% versus 27.9%; P=0.16).CPR training can be disseminated in a population by distributing personal resuscitation manikins among children in primary schools. The teachers felt able to easily facilitate CPR training. The incidence of bystander CPR did not increase significantly in the months following the project.
Stress-dependent cardiac remodeling occurs in the absence of microRNA-21 in mice
Authors: David M. Patrick, Rusty L. Montgomery, Xiaoxia Qi, Susanna Obad, Sakari Kauppinen, Joseph A. Hill, Eva van Rooij, Eric N. Olson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

MicroRNAs inhibit mRNA translation or promote mRNA degradation by binding complementary sequences in 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is upregulated in response to cardiac stress, and its inhibition by a cholesterol-modified antagomir has been reported to prevent cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rodents in response to pressure overload. In contrast, we have shown here that miR-21-null mice are normal and, in response to a variety of cardiac stresses, display cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, upregulation of stress-responsive cardiac genes, and loss of cardiac contractility comparable to wild-type littermates. Similarly, inhibition of miR-21 through intravenous delivery of a locked nucleic acid-modified (LNA-modified) antimiR oligonucleotide also failed to block the remodeling response of the heart to stress. We therefore conclude that miR-21 is not essential for pathological cardiac remodeling.
Pathogenesis of heterogeneity in human multinodular goiter. A study on growth and function of thyroid tissue transplanted onto nude mice.
Authors: H J Peter, H Gerber, H Studer, S Smeds
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Functional and morphologic heterogeneity of human multinodular goiters was investigated in 300 samples from "cold" and "hot" regions of 20 goiters transplanted onto nude mice. Transplants were labeled with [3H]thymidine and radioiodine, while the host's thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion was either stimulated or suppressed. Proliferation and function of follicular cells were assessed in whole follicles reconstructed from autoradiographs of serial sections. Hot transplants had a higher autonomous iodine uptake than those of cold tissue in TSH-suppressed hosts. Functional autonomy widely varied among the follicles, but even more so among individual cells. Hot grafts differed from cold ones only by a comparatively larger fraction of autonomous cells. Intercellular differences of iodinating activity were not abolished by TSH. Grafts faithfully reproduced the individual growth pattern of the original tissue. Between 0.5% and 7% of all follicular cells replicated despite suppression of TSH. Up to 70% of these cells were clustered, forming scattered foci of autonomously growing tissue. Other cells only started replicating after long-term TSH stimulation. Thus, goiters contained subsets of cells with high and others with low growth response. Progenies of replicating cells remained clustered, sometimes budding outwards to form new follicles. Autonomy of growth and autonomy of function are independent traits of epithelial cells. Epithelial cells have their individual growth pattern, replication rate, and functional capacity. These traits are passed on from a mother cell to its progeny during follicle neogenesis. To this main mechanism accounting for the morphologic and functional heterogeneity of human goiters, inheritable modifications of gene expression must probably be added.
EFFECTS OF BILE SALTS ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM BY SLICES OF HAMSTER SMALL INTESTINE*
Authors: Peter R. Holt, Herbert A. Haessler, Kurt J. Isselbacher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

purities were not used.In uniformly labeled glycerol-C14,2 no contamination was detected by means of paper chromatography in two solvent systems (9, 10).Column chromatography was performed with Dowex 1, 20-50 mesh, which had been converted to the carbonate form by repeated washing with 10 vol of 1 N sodium carbonate and subsequent washing with excess water just be- fore use.Purified sodium taurocholate 3 and sodium glycocholate 3 were checked for purity by paper chro- matography by a modification of the method of Beyreder and Rettenbacher-Daubner (11).Cholic acid,4 Tween 80,5 and digitonin were obtained from manufacturers.Pure lysolecithin was a gift of Dr. Alan Hoffman.Hyamine was prepared by a modification of the method of Passman, Radin, and Cooper (12).
NF-κB RelA-deficient Lymphocytes: Normal Development of T Cells and B Cells, Impaired Production of IgA and IgG1 and Reduced Proliferative Responses
Authors: Takahiro S. Doi, Toshitada Takahashi, Osamu Taguchi, Takachika Azuma, Yuichi Obata
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

To investigate the function of NF-κB RelA (p65), we generated mice deficient in this NF-κB family member by homologous recombination. Mice lacking RelA showed liver degeneration and died around embryonic day 14.5. To elucidate the role of RelA in lymphocyte development and function, we transplanted fetal liver cells of 13.5-day embryos from heterozygote matings into irradiated SCID mice. Within 4 weeks, both T and B cells had developed in the SCID mice receiving relA−/− fetal liver transplants, similar to the relA+/+ and +/− cases. T cells were found to mature to Thy-1+/TCRαβ+/CD3+/CD4+ or CD8+, while B cells had the ability to differentiate to IgM+/B220+ and to secrete immunoglobulins. However, the secretion of IgG1 and IgA was reduced in RelA-deficient B cells. Furthermore, both T and B cells lacking RelA showed marked reduction in proliferative responses to stimulation with Con A, anti-CD3, anti-CD3+anti-CD28, LPS, anti-IgM, and PMA+calcium ionophore. The results indicate that RelA plays a critical role in production of specific Ig isotypes and also in signal transduction pathways for lymphocyte proliferation.
[701] PENTOXIFYLLINE FOR TREATMENT OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD): A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: W. Buranawuti, P. Thong-u-thaisri, C. Pramoolsinsap, N. Wisedopas, K. Atamasirikul, U. Udomsubpayakul
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Spectrophotometric measurement of proteoglycans in osteoarthritic synovial fluid.
Authors: G J Carroll
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Cartilage glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were measured by a spectrophotometric assay in synovial fluid obtained from 30 normal bovine hock joints and 15 osteoarthritic human knee joints. Results were compared with those obtained by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The spectrophotometric method (dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) assay) was found to be simple, safe, and sufficiently reproducible to be of potential value for serial measurement of sulphated GAGs in arthritic joint fluids. The nature of the proteoglycans present in normal bovine and osteoarthritic human synovial fluid was examined by gel chromatography. Whereas normal bovine synovial fluid contained only small molecular weight proteoglycans, osteoarthritic human synovial fluid contained aggregated proteoglycans and predominantly high molecular weight proteoglycan subunits.
T Cells in Tumors and Blood Predict Outcome in Follicular Lymphoma Treated with Rituximab
Authors: Björn Engelbrekt Wahlin, Christer Sundström, Harald Holte, Hans Hagberg, Martin Erlanson, Herman Nilsson-Ehle, Ola Lindén, Marie Nordström, Bjørn Østenstad, Christian H. Geisler, Peter de Nully Brown, Tuula Lehtinen, Martin Maisenhölder, Anne M. Tierens, Birgitta Sander, Birger Christensson, Eva Kimby
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

T cells influence outcome in follicular lymphoma, but their contributions seem to be modified by therapy. Their impact in patients receiving rituximab without chemotherapy is unknown.Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the T cells in tumors and/or blood in a total of 250 follicular lymphoma patients included in two Nordic Lymphoma Group randomized trials that compared single rituximab with IFN-α2a-rituximab combinations.In univariate analysis, higher levels of CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells in both tumors and blood correlated with superior treatment responses, and in multivariate analysis, tumor-CD3(+) (P = 0.011) and blood-CD4(+) (P = 0.029) cells were independent. CD4(+) cells were favorable regardless of treatment arm, but CD8(+) cells were favorable only in patients treated with single rituximab, because IFN-α2a improved responses especially in patients with low CD8(+) cell levels. Higher levels of blood-CD3(+) (P = 0.003) and blood-CD4(+) (P = 0.046) cells predicted longer overall survival, and higher levels of blood-CD8(+) cells longer times to next treatment (P = 0.046).We conclude that therapeutic effects of rituximab are augmented by tumor-associated T cells for rapid responses and by systemic T cells for sustained responses. CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells are both favorable in patients treated with rituximab. IFN-α2a abrogates the negative impact of few CD8(+) cells.
639 MODELLING INFECTED CELL DYNAMICS BY WEEK 4 HCV RNA AND ALT KINETICS ALLOWS FOR INDIVIDUAL TAILORING OF TREATMENT DURATION IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS
Authors: V. Romagnoli, P. Colombatto, P. Ciccorossi, A.M. Maina, F. Oliveri, B. Coco, B. Cherubini, F. Bonino, M.R. Brunetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Near infrared reflectance measurement of nitrogen faecal losses.
Authors: L Benini, S Caliari, F Bonfante, G C Guidi, M T Brentegani, G Castellani, C Sembenini, E Bardelli, I Vantini
Journal: Gut (1992)

Chemical methods of measuring nitrogen in stools are complex, unpleasant, and therefore rarely performed. Recently, near infrared reflectance (NIRA) has been suggested for stool analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible application of this method in routine faecal nitrogen measurement. Nitrogen concentration and daily output were measured in the stools of 83 patients using NIRA and, for comparison, the Kjeldahl method. Nitrogen concentration and output ranged between 0.4-2.72 g% and 0.45-8.96 g/day respectively. Correlation coefficients (r), of 0.89 and 0.97 were found between the two methods for concentration and output respectively, and similar values were found in patients on enteral nutrition. Repeated measurements from the same stool collection, requiring only a few minutes, allowed homogenisation to be avoided. NIRA seems to be an easy, fast, and reliable alternative to chemical assays of nitrogen measurement in the management of patients with digestive disorders.
Raymond John Harvey
Authors: P. Harvey
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Former general practitioner Merton Park, London, and anaesthetist Nelson and Wimbledon Hospitals, Merton (b Merton Park 1916; q St Bartholomew's 1941), d 7 September 2001.

In 1942 he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps, taking part in the invasions of North Africa, Sicily, and Italy. His was the first medical unit to enter Tunis. He was at the battle for Monte Cassino and the fall of Rome, and was one of the first to enter Venice, ending the war as assistant medical officer of health in Trieste and Venezia-Guilia. He was then major on a troopship in the Mediterranean, returning prisoners of war. His abiding interest was electrical technology, especially sound recording. As a student in the 1930s he recorded heartbeats. Predeceased by his son, he leaves a wife, Pam; a daughter; and five grandchildren.