tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physiological left ventricular hypertrophy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an elite adolescent athlete: role of detraining in resolving the clinical dilemma * Commentary
Authors: S Basavarajaiah, M Wilson, S Junagde, G Jackson, G Whyte, S Sharma
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

The differentiation of physiological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can prove challenging for even the most experienced cardiologists. The case is presented of a 17 year old elite swimmer who had electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features that were highly suggestive of HCM. However, indices of diastolic function were normal and cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed high peak oxygen consumption in keeping with physiological LVH. To resolve the diagnostic dilemma, the patient underwent detraining for eight weeks, after which, there was complete resolution of the changes seen on electrocardiogram and echocardiogram, indicating physiological LVH rather than HCM.
Des-1-Asp-angiotensin II. Possible intrarenal role in homeostasis in the dog.
Authors: R H Freeman, J O Davis, T E Lohmeier
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The relative effects of des-a-Asp-angiotensin 3I and angiotensin II on renal function, including renin secretion, were investigated in normal and sodium-depleted dogs. Intrarenal arterial infusion of the heptapeptide fragment into normal dogs at a rate which was calculated to increase blood levels by only 7 ng/100 ml decreased renal blood flow from 254 +/- 9 ml/min to 220 +/- 12 and 219 +/- 12 ml/min (P less than 0.01 for both values) after 10 and 30 minutes of infusion, respectively; renin secretion decreased from 502 +/- 214 ng/min to 253 +/- 109 and 180 +/- 53 ng/min (P less than 0.05 for both values). Infusion of angiotensin II at the same rate decreased renal blood flow from 251 +/- 26 ml/min to 224 +/- 22 and 220 +/- 16 ml/min (P less than 0.01 and 0.025, respectively) and decreased renin secretion from 374 +/- 25 ng/min to 166 +/- 76 and 131 +/- 37 ng/min (P less than 0.025 for both values). Neither peptide significantly changed mean arterial blood pressure, creatinine clearance, or excreted sodium in these dogs. Infusion of des-1-Asp-angiotensin II into sodium-depleted dogs decreased renin secretion from 1094 +/- 211 ng/min to 768 +/- 132 and 499 +/- 31 ng/min (P less than 0.025 for both values) after 10 and 30 minutes of infusion. Angiotensin II infusion decreased renin secretion from 1102 +/- 134 to 495 +/- 235 and 502 +/- 129 ng/min in these dogs (P less than 0.05 and 0.025, respectively). Neither peptide significantly altered renal blood flow, arterial blood pressure, creatinine clearance, or excreted sodium in the sodium-depleted dogs. The data demonstrated that these two peptides have similar effects on the renin secretory mechanism and the vascular receptor at the level of the renal arterioles.
Differential engagement of Tim-1 during activation can positively or negatively costimulate T cell expansion and effector function
Authors: Sheng Xiao, Nader Najafian, Jay Reddy, Monica Albin, Chen Zhu, Eric Jensen, Jaime Imitola, Thomas Korn, Ana C. Anderson, Zheng Zhang, Cristina Gutierrez, Thomas Moll, Raymond A. Sobel, Dale T. Umetsu, Hideo Yagita, Hisaya Akiba, Terry Strom, Mohamed H. Sayegh, Rosemarie H. DeKruyff, Samia J. Khoury, Vijay K. Kuchroo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

It has been suggested that T cell immunoglobulin mucin (Tim)-1 expressed on T cells serves to positively costimulate T cell responses. However, crosslinking of Tim-1 by its ligand Tim-4 resulted in either activation or inhibition of T cell responses, thus raising the issue of whether Tim-1 can have a dual function as a costimulator. To resolve this issue, we tested a series of monoclonal antibodies specific for Tim-1 and identified two antibodies that showed opposite functional effects. One anti–Tim-1 antibody increased the frequency of antigen-specific T cells, the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17, and the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In contrast, another anti–Tim-1 antibody inhibited the generation of antigen-specific T cells, production of IFN-γ and IL-17, and development of autoimmunity, and it caused a strong Th2 response. Both antibodies bound to closely related epitopes in the IgV domain of the Tim-1 molecule, but the activating antibody had an avidity for Tim-1 that was 17 times higher than the inhibitory antibody. Although both anti–Tim-1 antibodies induced CD3 capping, only the activating antibody caused strong cytoskeletal reorganization and motility. These data indicate that Tim-1 regulates T cell responses and that Tim-1 engagement can alter T cell function depending on the affinity/avidity with which it is engaged.
Quadriceps weakness in knee osteoarthritis: the effect on pain and disability
Authors: S. C O'Reilly, A. Jones, K. R Muir, M. Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> (1) To determine the importance of quadriceps strength, structural change, and psychological status in terms of knee pain in the community. (2) To determine the relative importance of quadriceps function, structural change, and psychological status with respect to disability in subjects with knee pain. <h3>METHODS</h3> 300 men and women with pain and 300 controls without pain (aged 40–79) were seen. Isometric quadriceps strength (MVC) was measured and muscle activation was assessed by twitch superimposition. Disability (Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)) and anxiety and depression were assessed (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Index (HAD)). Radiographs were obtained of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints and total score for osteophyte, narrowing, and sclerosis calculated for each knee. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Subjects with knee pain had lower voluntary quadriceps strength than those without pain (p&lt;0.005). Quadriceps activation was also lower (p&lt;0.005), but did not fully explain the reduction in strength. When analysed by multiple logistic regression: quadriceps strength (odds ratio 18.8, CI 4.8, 74.1 for MVC ⩽10 kgF); depression (odds ratio 2.4, CI 1.0, 5.5 for HAD score⩾8); and radiographic change (odds ratio 4.1, CI 1.9, 8.6 for radiographic score ⩾4) were independently associated with pain. In those with knee pain, disability was independently associated with quadriceps strength (odds ratio 8.2, CI 1.5, 44.4 for MVC ⩽10 kgF) and depression (odds ratio 6.2, CI 2.1, 18.0 for HAD score⩾8); but not with radiographic score. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Quadriceps strength is strongly associated with knee pain and disability in the community, even when activation and psychological factors are taken into account. This has important therapeutic implications.
Deaths among railroad trespassers. The role of alcohol in fatal injuries
Authors: A Pelletier
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To describe the characteristics of persons killed by trains while trespassing (ie, using railroad property for activities unrelated to railroad operations).Case series obtained from records of the state medical examiner.North Carolina, 1990 through 1994.One hundred twenty-eight persons ranging in age from 7 to 84 years who were killed in 125 separate incidents.Of 224 railroad-related deaths during the study period, 128 cases (57%) involved trespassers. Trespasser fatalities typically involved unmarried male pedestrians 20 to 49 years of age with less than a high school education. Eighty-two percent of incidents occurred in the trespassers' county of residence, indicating that few deaths involved transients. Fatalities among railroad trespassers exhibited both geographic and temporal clustering. Seventy-eight percent of trespassers were killed while intoxicated (median alcohol level, 56 mmol/L [260 mg/dL]).Deaths among trespassers are the leading cause of railroad-related mortality in North Carolina. Greater efforts are needed to reduce this type of preventable injury. Prevention of trespasser fatalities is dependent on control of alcohol abuse, enforcement of existing laws, and education of the public regarding the dangers of railroad trespassing.
Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation
Authors: L. Shamseer, D. Moher, M. Clarke, D. Ghersi, A. Liberati, M. Petticrew, P. Shekelle, L. A. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Protocols of systematic reviews and meta-analyses allow for planning and documentation of review methods, act as a guard against arbitrary decision making during review conduct, enable readers to assess for the presence of selective reporting against completed reviews, and, when made publicly available, reduce duplication of efforts and potentially prompt collaboration. Evidence documenting the existence of selective reporting and excessive duplication of reviews on the same or similar topics is accumulating and many calls have been made in support of the documentation and public availability of review protocols. Several efforts have emerged in recent years to rectify these problems, including development of an international register for prospective reviews (PROSPERO) and launch of the first open access journal dedicated to the exclusive publication of systematic review products, including protocols (BioMed Central's <i>Systematic Reviews</i>). Furthering these efforts and building on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, an international group of experts has created a guideline to improve the transparency, accuracy, completeness, and frequency of documented systematic review and meta-analysis protocols—PRISMA-P (for protocols) 2015. The PRISMA-P checklist contains 17 items considered to be essential and minimum components of a systematic review or meta-analysis protocol. This PRISMA-P 2015 Explanation and Elaboration paper provides readers with a full understanding of and evidence about the necessity of each item as well as a model example from an existing published protocol. This paper should be read together with the PRISMA-P 2015 statement. Systematic review authors and assessors are strongly encouraged to make use of PRISMA-P when drafting and appraising review protocols.
Variceal haemorrhage in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Authors: P L Zentler-Munro, E R Howard, J Karani, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1989)

Hepatic in involvement in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia can lead to cirrhosis and occasionally to portal hypertension and variceal haemorrhage. The ultrasonographic, arteriographic and histological findings are described in a patient with this complication. Hepatic artery embolisation proved unsuccessful in arresting repeated haemorrhage which was eventually controlled by hepatic artery ligation. Porto-systemic venous shunting, an apparently logical approach to management, would probably have aggravated the problem.
Introspection, confabulation, and dual-process theory
Authors: Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract This excellent target article helps to resolve a problem for dual-process theories of higher cognition. Theorists posit two systems, one of which appears to be conscious and volitional. It seems to control some behaviours but to confabulate explanations for others. I argue that this system is only conscious in an illusory sense and that all self-explanations are confabulatory, as Carruthers suggests.
Radiography of Maxillary Antrum
Authors: A. L. Yates
Journal: BMJ (1926)

Microbiome research is hampered by the fact that many bacteria are still unknown and by the lack of publicly available isolates. Fundamental and clinical research is in need of comprehensive and well-curated repositories of cultured bacteria from the intestine of mammalian hosts. In this work, we expanded the mouse intestinal bacterial collection (www.dsmz.de/miBC) to 212 strains, all publicly available and taxonomically described. This includes the study of strain-level diversity, small-sized bacteria, and the isolation and characterization of the first cultured members of one novel family, 10 novel genera, and 39 novel species. We demonstrate the value of this collection by performing two studies. First, metagenome-educated design allowed establishing custom synthetic communities (SYNs) that reflect different susceptibilities to DSS-induced colitis. Second, nine phylogenetically and functionally diverse species were used to amend the Oligo-Mouse Microbiota (OMM)12 model [Brugiroux et al. 2016 Nat Microbiol]. These strains compensated for differences observed between gnotobiotic OMM12 and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice at multiple levels, including body composition and immune cell populations (<i>e</i>.<i>g</i>., T-cell subtypes) in the intestine and associated lymphoid tissues. Ready-to-use OMM stocks are available to the community for use in future studies. In conclusion, this work improves our knowledge of gut microbiota diversity in mice and enables functional studies via the modular use of isolates.
Single maintenance and reliever therapy
Authors: S. Bowler, D. Serisier
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The distribution, dynamics and function of RNA structures in human development is under- explored. Here, we systematically assayed RNA structural dynamics and its relationship with gene expression, translation and decay during human neurogenesis. We observed that the human ESC transcriptome is globally more structurally accessible than that of differentiated cells; and undergo extensive RNA structure changes, particularly in the 3’UTR. Additionally, RNA structure changes during differentiation is associated with translation and decay. We also identified stage-specific regulation as RBP and miRNA binding, as well as splicing is associated with structure changes during early and late differentiation, respectively. Further, RBPs serve as a major factor in structure remodelling and co-regulates additional RBPs and miRNAs through structure. We demonstrated an example of this by showing that PUM2-induced structure changes on LIN28A enable miR-30 binding. This study deepens our understanding of the wide-spread and complex role of RNA-based gene regulation during human development.
Pulmonary and Systemic Vascular Dysfunction in Young Offspring of Mothers With Preeclampsia
Authors: Pierre-Yves Jayet, Stefano F. Rimoldi, Thomas Stuber, Carlos Salinas Salmòn, Damian Hutter, Emrush Rexhaj, Sébastien Thalmann, Marcos Schwab, Pierre Turini, Céline Sartori-Cucchia, Pascal Nicod, Mercedes Villena, Yves Allemann, Urs Scherrer, Claudio Sartori
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Adverse events in utero may predispose to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. During preeclampsia, vasculotoxic factors are released into the maternal circulation by the diseased placenta. We speculated that these factors pass the placental barrier and leave a defect in the circulation of the offspring that predisposes to a pathological response later in life. The hypoxia associated with high-altitude exposure is expected to facilitate the detection of this problem.We assessed pulmonary artery pressure (by Doppler echocardiography) and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery in 48 offspring of women with preeclampsia and 90 offspring of women with normal pregnancies born and permanently living at the same high-altitude location (3600 m). Pulmonary artery pressure was roughly 30% higher (mean+/-SD, 32.1+/-5.6 versus 25.3+/-4.7 mm Hg; P<0.001) and flow-mediated dilation was 30% smaller (6.3+/-1.2% versus 8.3+/-1.4%; P<0.0001) in offspring of mothers with preeclampsia than in control subjects. A strong inverse relationship existed between flow-mediated dilation and pulmonary artery pressure (r=-0.61, P<0.001). The vascular dysfunction was related to preeclampsia itself because siblings of offspring of mothers with preeclampsia who were born after a normal pregnancy had normal vascular function. Augmented oxidative stress may represent an underlying mechanism because thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances plasma concentration was increased in offspring of mothers with preeclampsia.Preeclampsia leaves a persistent defect in the systemic and the pulmonary circulation of the offspring. This defect predisposes to exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary hypertension already during childhood and may contribute to premature cardiovascular disease in the systemic circulation later in life.
Functional neuroimaging of short-term memory: The neural mechanisms of mental storage
Authors: Bart Rypma, John D.E. Gabrieli
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Cowan argues that the true short-term memory (STM) capacity limit is about 4 items. Functional neuroimaging data converge with this conclusion, indicating distinct neural activity patterns depending on whether or not memory task-demands exceed this limit. STM for verbal information within that capacity invokes focal prefrontal cortical activation that increases with memory load. STM for verbal information exceeding that capacity invokes widespread prefrontal activation in regions associated with executive and attentional processes that may mediate chunking processes to accommodate STM capacity limits.
Transplantation of a Human Mammary Carcinoma Cell Line (BT 20) Into Nude Mice2
Authors: L. Ozzello, B. Sordat, C. Merenda, S. Carrel, J. Hurlimann, J. P. Mach
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Cell suspensions of a human mammary carcinoma cellline (BT 20), wh en injected subcutaneously into nude athymie mice (BALB/c NujNu), produced tumor nodules at the injection site.Subsequent seriai transM plantations also gave rise to neoplastic nodules after latency periods averaging 3 weeks.The nodules displayed morphologie and functional characteristics comparable to those of the original tumor cells.Metastases, however, were not observed in any of the tumor-bearing mice.-
Full Spectrum of Psychiatric Disorders Related to Foreign Migration
Authors: Elizabeth Cantor-Graae, Carsten B Pedersen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Although increased risk for schizophrenia among immigrants is well established, knowledge of the broader spectrum of psychiatric disorders associated with a foreign migration background is lacking.To examine the full range of psychiatric disorders associated with any type of foreign migration background among persons residing in Denmark, including foreign-born adoptees, first- and second-generation immigrants, native Danes with a history of foreign residence, and persons born abroad to Danish expatriates.Danish population-based cohort study. Persons were followed up from their 10th birthday for the development of mental disorders based on outpatient and inpatient data.All persons born between January 1, 1971, and December 31, 2000 (N = 1 859 419) residing in Denmark by their 10th birthday with follow-up data to December 31, 2010.Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and cumulative incidences for psychiatric outcomes.All categories of foreign migration background, except persons born abroad to Danish expatriates, were associated with increased risk for at least 1 psychiatric disorder. Foreign-born adoptees had increased IRRs for all psychiatric disorders and had the highest IRRs for these disorders compared with other foreign migration categories. First- and second-generation immigrants having 2 foreign-born parents had significantly increased IRRs for schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders and had similar risk magnitudes. Second-generation immigrants having 1 foreign-born parent had significantly increased IRRs for all psychiatric disorders. Native Danes with a history of foreign residence had increased IRRs for bipolar affective disorder, affective disorders, personality disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.The extent to which a background of foreign migration confers an increased risk for the broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders varies according to parental origin, with greatest risks for foreign-born adoptees. The spectrum of psychiatric disorders showed greater variation within the second-generation immigrant group than between first-generation vs second-generation immigrants, and the spectrum differed according to whether individuals had 1 or 2 foreign-born parents.
Mortality Among a Cohort of U.S. Cadmium Production Workers—an Update
Authors: M J Thun, T M Schnorr, A B Smith, W E Halperin, R A Lemen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

A previous retrospective mortality study of 292 U.S. cadmium production workers employed for a minimum of 2 years showed increased mortality from respiratory and prostate cancer and from nonmalignant lung disease. To examine further the mortality experience of these workers, investigators from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health extended the study to include 602 white males with at least 6 months of production work in the same plant between 1940 and 1969. Vital status was determined through 1978, which included the addition of 5 years to the original follow-up. Cause-specific mortality rates for seven causes of death potentially related to cadmium exposure were compared between the overall cohort and U.S. white males and between subgroups. Mortality from respiratory cancer and from nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease was significantly greater among the cadmium workers than would have been expected from U.S. rates. All deaths from lung cancer occurred among workers employed for 2 or more years. A statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed between lung cancer mortality and cumulative exposure to cadmium. A 50% increase in lung cancer mortality, which was not statistically significant, was observed even among workers whose cumulative exposure to cadmium was between 41 and 200 µg/m3 over 40 years. Since the previous investigation, no new deaths from prostate cancer and no excess of deaths from nonmalignant respiratory disease have been observed.
Expression of HCV E2/NS1 protein as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein: detection of anti-E2/NS1 antibody in chronic liver disease.
Authors: O Yokosuka, M Omata, Y Ito, M Ohto
Journal: Gut (1993)

The presence of anti-E2 antibody was investigated in the serum samples of 46 patients with liver disease, who were positive for hepatitis C virus-RNA, and in five subjects HCV-RNA-negative acting as controls. Antibody to E2/NS1 protein was found in seven of 46 (15%) of the patients with liver disease but in none of the control subjects. In one patient who was treated successfully with interferon, the levels of anti-E2 gradually decreased and then finally disappeared after treatment. This suggests that the E2/NS1 protein may play a role in active viral replication.
Bendamustine plus rituximab versus CHOP plus rituximab as first-line treatment for patients with indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 non-inferiority trial
Authors: Mathias J Rummel, Norbert Niederle, Georg Maschmeyer, G Andre Banat, Ulrich von Grünhagen, Christoph Losem, Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Gerhard Heil, Manfred Welslau, Christina Balser, Ulrich Kaiser, Eckhart Weidmann, Heinz Dürk, Harald Ballo, Martina Stauch, Fritz Roller, Juergen Barth, Dieter Hoelzer, Axel Hinke, Wolfram Brugger
Journal: The Lancet (2013)