tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
fotemustine (FM) and dacarbazine (DTIC) versus DTIC ± interferon α in advanced malignant melanoma: A phase III study of the Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group (SICOG)
Authors: G. Comella, L. Maiorino, G. Filippelli, B. Massidda, N. Mozzillo, C. Caraco, P. A. Ascierto, M. G. Chiofalo, E. Simeone, A. Daponte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

LBA18000 Background: FM is a chloronitrosourea and it has shown a greater than 20% response-rate in a large phase II trial. In a previous study, we tested the combination of FM, DTIC and Interferon α (IFNα) and an overall response rate of 40%, and a MST of 40 weeks, were obtained. We designed and implemented a phase III multicentric trial with the following aims: 1) To determine whether significant differences in survival outcome exist in patients with advanced melanoma treated with DTIC + FM or DTIC alone; 2)To determine whether significant differences in median time to progression (TTP) exist in pts treated with IFN plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone. Secondary objectives included the evaluation of the time to occurrence of brain metastases. Methods: From July 2002 to December 2005, 184 pts with metastatic melanoma, not amenable to surgery were enrolled in this study. All eligible pts were randomised to receive one of the following treatments: A) FM 100 mg/sqm i.v. d 1 and DTIC 900 mg/sqm i.v d 2 ±...
Cancer of the Cervix Stage III
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT The problem of controlling pelvic lymph-node metastases is considered crucial in curing the patient with cervical carcinoma. A number of studies have shown a definite incidence of positive nodes in earlier stages at the time of surgery, although none could be palpated clinically. The failure rate in treatment of the various stages of this carcinoma parallels the percentage of lymph node metastases and has often been solely attributed to this factor. Collected data indicate a lymph node involvement of 16% for stage I, 31% for stage II, and 60% for stage III.1 The importance of this observation is that a certain percentage of patients with advanced disease exist, in a pathological sense, in the clinical stages of more limited involvement, and it raises the question as to whether these cases are curable.The curability of positive lymph nodes by either radical surgery or irradiation has been a subject of
Identification of Myoepithelial Cells in Human and Rat-Breasts by Anti-Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen Antibody A12
Authors: B A Gusterson, P Monaghan, R Mahendran, J Ellis, M J O'Hare
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

An immunohistological study in the human breast and the rodent breast (from inbred Ludwig/Wistar/Olac rats) was conducted with the use of a murine monoclonal antibody, which reacts with the common acute lymphoblastic antigen, a glycosylated polypeptide of a molecular weight of 100,000. The epitope, as recognized by this antibody, is expressed on myoepithelial cells of the normal human and rat breasts and was studied in the developing rodent mammary gland. Ultrastructural studies in the normal human breast clearly demonstrated the presence of the antigen on the lateral membrane of the myoepithelial cells with no staining of luminal cells, blood vessels, or stromal elements. The antigen survived prolonged enzymatic digestion of human breast tissue and could be demonstrated on myoepithelial cells in single-cell suspensions of human breast where it stained approximately 3-14% of the total cell population. The presence of this antigen on myoepithelial cells is discussed in the context of myoepithelial differentiation in the breast and the potential utility of the antibodies for cell separation.
Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) with cisplatin + gemcitabine (CG) versus chemotherapy (CT) at relapse (CR) in patients (pts) with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) submitted to radical cystectomy (RC). An Italian multicenter randomised phase III trial
Authors: F. Cognetti, E. M. Ruggeri, A. Felici, M. Gallucci, G. Muto, C. F. Pollera, B. Massidda, A. Rubagotti, D. Giannarelli, F. Boccardo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5023 Background: Fifty-percent of pts with MIBC develops metastases after RC. The role of AC in muscle invasive bladder cancer is under debate as data from 6 randomised trials, moreover with serious biases, gave not univocal results and there is no evidence so far to support its routine use. This randomized study was designed to evaluate the benefit of AC versus CR in patients with MIBC submitted to RC. Methods: Between September 2001 and July 2007, 194 pts with pT2G3, pT3–4, N0–2 transitional cell bladder carcinoma submitted to radical cystectomy were randomised to control and CT at relapse (Arm A: 92 pts) or to 4 courses of AC (Arm B: 102 pts). These latter pts were further randomized in 2 subgroups with G 1,000 mg/m2 day 1,8 and 15 + C 70 mg/m2 day 2 (Arm B2: 50 pts) or G as above + C 70 mg/m2 day 15(Arm B15: 52 pts). Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks. Pts were stratified according to site and pN status (pN0 vs pN1–2). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) while disease-free survival (DFS), toxicity, dose-intensity and quality of life were the secondary endpoints. Results: Baseline characteristics, similar in the 2 arms, were as follows: median age 64 yrs, pT1–2 28%, pT3–4 72%; pN0 53%, pN1 21%, pN2 26%. In Arm B the 64% of pts received 4 courses and 77% at least 3. There was no CT-related death. Main toxicities were also similar in the two CT arms except for thrombocytopenia Gr 3–4 25 vs 5.% (p = 0.01) for arm B2 and B15 respectively. At a median follow up of 32.5 months (range 25.5–39) no significant difference in OS and DFS between arm A and B were found. The 3-year OS is 67% (± 6% SE) for arm A and 48% (± 6% SE) for arm B and the 3-year DFS is 47% (± 6% SE) for arm A and 35% (± 6% SE) for arm B. Conclusions: These preliminary results seem to indicate that AC did not improve OS and DFS in these pts. More detailed results will be presented at the meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
ABO blood group and risk of renal cell cancer.
Authors: Eunyoung Cho, Hee-Kyung Joh, Toni K. Choueiri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

371 Background: The genetic determinants of sporadic renal cell cancer (RCC) are largely unknown. Previous studies have suggested associations between the ABO blood group and risk of various cancers, however, its relationship to RCC remains unclear. Methods: We prospectively evaluated the association between the ABO blood group and risk of RCC in two large independent cohorts of women (the Nurses’ Health Study) and men (the Health Professionals Follow-up Study) from 1996 to 2008. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for other risk factors for RCC including obesity, smoking, and hypertension. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: During 12 years of follow-up of 77 242 women and 29 548 men, 163 cases of incident RCC were documented in women and 84 cases in men. After multivariate adjustment, non-O blood group (combined group of A, AB, and B) was associated with a 1.5-fold elevated risk of RCC (95% CI 1.09–2.09) than O blood group in women. In contrast, no significant associations were observed between the ABO blood group and risk of RCC in men. The associations between the ABO blood group and RCC were consistent across strata of known risk factors including obesity, smoking status, and history of hypertension (Pinteraction≥ 0.58) in both cohorts. Conclusions: We show for the first time that non-O blood group is significantly associated with a higher risk of RCC compared with blood group O in women. Further studies that elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying this association are warranted.
Asthma
Authors: A. P. Norman
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The treatment of asthma in childhood is full of difficulties. Indeed, it is sometimes easier to obtain a satisfying result in the child with severe asthma than it is with the mild asthmatic. Treatment is made no easier by the difficulty there may be in making a definite diagnosis in the early years and by the hesitancy of many parents in accepting it. The diagnosis of asthma implies that the child has a constitu tional liability to respond to certain stimuli with wheezy, diffi cult breathing due to spasm and swelling of the bronchial walls and exudation of viscid mucus. This may occur in compara tively brief attacks, leaving the child well in between, or it may cause a persistent wheeze. In early infancy the first manifestations are often a recur rent cough rather than a wheeze. Occasionally at this age attacks of acute laryngospasm herald later asthma. Then there is the child who develops a cough accompanied by a wheeze or some evidence of bronchospasm with every respiratory infection. This wheezy or asthmatic bronchitis, or bronchitis with spasm, sometimes develops later into typical asthma but often does not. It is presumably in either case a consequence of recurrent infection in a child who is more or less predisposed to asthma.
Diagnostic Issues and Controversies in DSM-5: Return of the False Positives Problem
Authors: Jerome C. Wakefield
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2016)

The fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was the most controversial in the manual's history. This review selectively surveys some of the most important changes in DSM-5, including structural/organizational changes, modifications of diagnostic criteria, and newly introduced categories. It analyzes why these changes led to such heated controversies, which included objections to the revision's process, its goals, and the content of altered criteria and new categories. The central focus is on disputes concerning the false positives problem of setting a valid boundary between disorder and normal variation. Finally, this review highlights key problems and issues that currently remain unresolved and need to be addressed in the future, including systematically identifying false positive weaknesses in criteria, distinguishing risk from disorder, including context in diagnostic criteria, clarifying how to handle fuzzy boundaries, and improving the guidelines for “other specified” diagnosis.
포스터 전시 : 간을 침범한 과호산구 증후군 3예
Authors: 서영선, 박치영, 박찬국, 정춘해, 김만우
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2003)

배경/목적: 특발성 과호산구 중후군은 기생충질환이나 알레르기와 같은 특정한 원인 없이 말초혈액에서 호산구 증가가 1,500/mm3 이상으로 6개월이상 지속되고, 또한 침범된 장기의 기능장애가 초래되는 질환을 말한다. 주로 침범되는 장기는 심장, 신경계, 골수 ,폐, 간, 피부, 위장관 등으로 알려져있다. 간을 침범하는 경우 약 30%정도로 보고되고 있으며, 복부전산화단층촬영검사상 주로 간말초에 다결절성 형태의 저음영 병변으로 나타난다. 저자들은 간을 침범한 과호산구증후군 3예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 증례: 환자의 나이는 각각 56세, 61세, 67세 이었으며, 성비는 남자 2명, 여자가 한명이 었다. 내원시 증상을 살펴보면 2명에서 건강검진 상 우연히 발견된 호산구증가증으로 전원된 환자였으며, 1명은 혈담을 주소로 내원한 환자였다. 이학적검사상 3명 모두에서 촉지되는 종물이나 특이소견 없었으며 말초혈액검사상 백혈구수치는 12,970/mm3, 18,120/mm3, 24,620/mm3로 호산구는 45%, 56%, 79%로 각각 증가되어있었다. 말초혈액도말 검사상에서도 3명에서 성숙된 호산구의 증가소견 보였다. 생화학검사상 AST/ALT/ALP 18/17/65 IU/L, 34/38/92IU/L, 75/82/155 IU/L로 2명에서는 정상범위었고 1명에서는 경한 상승소견 보였다. 전환자에서 대변검사상 특이소견 없었으며 간흡충 및 폐흡충에 대한 ELISA 검사상에서도 음성소견 보였다. 복부전산화단층촬영 검사상 병변위치는 2명에서 간양엽 1명에서 간좌엽에 위치하였고, 모두에서 주로 말초에 위치한, 다발성의 저음영을 보이는 소결절 형태를 보였다. 간조직검사에서는 3명 모두에서 호산구 침착소견 보였고 1명에서 경도의 섬유화가 동반되어 있었다. 골수조직검사상에서도 모두 성숙된 호산구의 증가소견 보였다. 결론 간을 침범한 특발성 과호산구 증후군을 3예 경험하였고, 모두에서 복부전산화단층촬영검사상 다결절형태를 보였으며, 조직검사상 호산구의 침윤을 보였다. 경구 스테로이드 투여후 병변소실과 임상증상 호전을 보여 현재외래 추적관찰중이다.
춘계학술대회 : 포스터발표 ; Real Time PCR을 이용한 HBV DNA 정량법
Authors: 허정, 이상용, 고원욱, 양효영, 김형회, 김광하, 강대환, 송근암, 조몽
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2005)

배경/목적: 항바이러스 제재를 투여 받고 있는 만성 B형 간염 환자에서 정확한 B형 간염 바이러스(HBV) DNA 정량 검사는 치료 반응 평가, 내성 여부 판정에 대단히 유용한 정보를 제공한다. PCR을 이용한 HBV DNA 정량법은 높은 민감도를 가지고 있으나 검사법의 직선성(linearity)을 나타내는 농도 범위가 좁아 이 범위를 벗어나면 낮은 특이도와 재현성을 보여 정확한 정량이 가능한 직선 범위 내에서 측정하기 위해 검체 희석을 요한다. 이를
Chemotherapy increases long-term survival in patients with adult medulloblastoma—a literature-based meta-analysis
Authors: Selin Kocakaya, Christoph Patrick Beier, Dagmar Beier
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Adult medulloblastoma is a potentially curable malignant entity with an incidence of 0.5–1 per million. Valid data on prognosis, treatment, and demographics are lacking, as most current knowledge stems from retrospective studies. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy are accepted parts of treatment regimes; however, established prognostic factors and data clarifying the role of chemotherapy are missing. We investigated 227 publications from 1969–2013, with 907 identifiable, individual patients being available for meta-analysis. Demographic data, risk stratification, and treatment of these patients were similar to previous cohorts. The median overall survival (mOS) was 65 months (95% CI: 54.6–75.3) , the 5-year overall survival was 50.9% with 16% of the patients dying more than 5 years after diagnosis. Incomplete resection, clinical and radiological signs for brainstem infiltration, and abstinence from radiotherapy were predictive of worse outcome. Metastatic disease at tumor recurrence was identified as a new prognostic factor, while neither metastasis at initial diagnosis nor desmoplastic/classic histology was correlated with survival. Patients receiving chemotherapy first-line survived significantly longer (mOS: 108 mo, 95% CI: 68.6–148.4) than patients treated with radiation alone (mOS: 57 mo, 95% CI: 39.6–74.4) or patients who received chemotherapy at tumor recurrence. This effect was not biased by tumor stage or decade of treatment. Importantly, (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy also significantly increased the chance for long-term survival (>5 y) compared with radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy at tumor recurrence. This meta-analysis clarifies relevant prognostic factors and suggests that chemotherapy as part of first-line therapy improves overall survival and increases the proportion of patients with long-term survival.
Search for Virus in Human Leukemia: Effects of Nucleic Acids Extracted From Leukemic Tissues on Ceil Culture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Robert M. McAllister, G. Denman Hammond
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Nucleic acids, extracted by the phenol method from 18 normal tissues and 56 leukemic tissues, were inoculated into cell cultures of human amnion, human fetal skin muscle and kidney, human bone marrow, and monkey kidney. No reproducible cytopathic or transforming effects were observed in the inoculated cultures. Control studies with infectious poliovirus ribonucleic acid (RNA) suggested that the optimal conditions for cell infection used in these experiments and the cell numbers extracted should have allowed detection if each cell had contained one infectious RNA molecule per cell and if such a molecule produced a clone of transformed cells or a Cytologic change. The negative results obtained would appear significant if the hypothetical human leukemia viruses were RNA-containing viruses. Similar control studies with infectious deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from SV40 indicated that an infectious DNA would have been much more difficult to detect. Such results may be interpreted as a failure of the methods employed, rather than as evidence against the possible viral etiology of human leukemia.
Regression of chemotherapy-refractory metastatic tumor from CD117-negative prostate sarcoma with imatinib mesylate plus thalidomide
Authors: V. C. Kok, K. Yeh, W. Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

9557 Background: Chemoresistant relapsing prostate sarcoma has no standard treatment and the prognosis is extremely poor. Imatinib mesylate may target on tyrosine kinases of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) which has been shown to be important in tumor growth of certain types of soft tissue sarcoma. Thalidomide, itself a potent immunomodulatory agent has exhibited clinical activity in several malignant neoplasms which have been linked to abnormal angiogenesis and tumor vasculature. Case Report: A 38-year-old man who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy in June 2004 for a stage III high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of spindle and round cell type of prostate staged pT2b(8cm) pN0(0/26) M0, received adjuvant radiotherapy up to 6,660 cGy/37Fx postoperatively. Immunohistochemistry study showed vimentin+, CD34+, CD117−, desmin+, SMActind- and S-100−. Distant relapse in lungs was noted in April 2005. Shortly later massive pleural effusion developed. Three cycles of salvage chemotherapy with MAID were given. Tumor assessment disclosed Progressive Disease status and metastatic tumors were chemoresistant. Imatinib mesylate 400 mg once a day plus thalidomide with increment dose to 200 mg/day was chosen as biologic treatment for his devastating condition after an informed consent was obtained. PDGFR immunohistochemistry staining of the paraffin block and gene sequencing are planned. Results: Marked tumor regression reaching very good partial remission and resolution of pleural effusion without recurrence. Dramatic improvement in terms of performance status and cancer-associated symptoms are obvious. Except for skin changes and mild periorbital edema from imatinib, no other significant adverse reactions were noted. Postulated mechanism of action may suggest PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition as well as antiangiogenesis. Conclusions: We documented a case of undifferentiated sarcoma of prostate with pulmonary metastases which were refractory to MAID chemotherapy but subsequently regressed on a combination of double biologic agents, imatinib mesylate plus thalidomide. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia: value of clonogenic leukemic cell properties.
Authors: A Delmer, J P Marie, D Thevenin, M Cadiou, F Viguié, R Zittoun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

The initial clinical and biological parameters, including clonogenic leukemic cell (CFU-L) assay, were reviewed for their prognostic significance in a cohort of 188 adult patients with newly diagnosed untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Almost all patients received induction therapy with daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (Ara-C) according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) AML 5 to AML 9 trials. Bone marrow samples from 116 representative patients were obtained for CFU-L assay with an efficiency percentage of 89.6%; 76 patients had a measurement of the CFU-L self-renewal capacity (second plating efficiency [PE2]) and 91 patients had CFU-L inhibition test after exposure to DNR and/or Ara-C. The prognostic significance of parameters such as age, hematological antecedent, WBC count, liver enlargement, and Auer rods is confirmed in the present study. Moreover, high platelet and polymorphonuclear counts appeared to be related to resistance to induction course. However, through multivariate analysis, CFU-L sensitivity to drugs and self-renewal capacity appeared to be major independent prognostic factors in AML. A low CFU-L inhibition in the presence of the DNR and Ara-C combination correlates with a poorer complete remission (CR) rate, but not with CR duration. Patients with the lower PE2 values experienced both higher CR rate and longer CR duration. The practical interest of CFU-L study remains to be defined but, at least, PE2 measurement could be considered in the future as a major variable in determining therapeutic aggressiveness.
Prevalence of Atopic Diseases in Patients with Humoral Primary Immunodeficiency: A Comparison of a Single Center and the US Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET)
Authors: Alice S. Chau, Artemio M. Jongco, Laura Helfner, James C. Fagin, Vincent R. Bonagura
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Abstract 16053: Preoperative Best Diagnostic Test of Anomalous Coronaries in the Adult are Angiography and CTA
Authors: Barbara Robinson, Morton Bolman Iii., Lawrence Cohn, Prem Shekar
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction:  Adults with congenital cardiac disease have surpassed children. Patients with anomalous coronary(AC) are increasingly recognized in adulthood. Workup in adults may be different that children. Multiple reports exist of adults undergoing a range of diagnostic modalities. No one has previously determined the most valuable workup for diagnosis in a contemporary series of adults with AC. We assessed the hypothesis that workup of adults with AC may be streamlined to coronary catheterization(CC) and CTA.   Methods:  27 patients(pts) with AC consisted of five anomalous left coronaries(ALM), six anomalous left circumflex coronaries(ALCx) and 16 anomalous right coronaries(ARCA). Workup included a combination of EKG, CC, exercise stress test(EST), CT angiogram(CTA), MRI or nuclear medicine test. IRB approval was previously obtained.   Results:  ALM pts underwent up to five examinations from CC, to EST, EKG, CTA and echo with average number of 3.8 tests. CC was diagnostic in all 5. EST obtained in 4/5 was abnormal in all 4. Similarly EKGs obtained in 4 were all abnormal. CTA in the last two repaired were abnormal. Echo demonstrated no abnormal function in both. 6/6 ALCx were diagnosed by CC. 4/6 underwent EST and all 4/4 were abnormal.  There were 16 ARCA undergoing up to seven examinations with average of 3.8 tests. 15/16 obtained EKG; only 7 abnormal. 15/16 underwent CC; 15/15 were abnormal. One ARCA did not undergo CC, as diagnosis was made previously by CTA. CTA was obtained in 8/16; positive in 8/8. EST was obtained in 9/16; abnormal in 5/9. Echo was obtained in 9/16; only abnormal in 1/9. MRA was abnormal in 2/16. Nuclear medicine studies were obtained in 3/16 and all were abnormal.   Conclusion:  In summary, EKG was twice as likely to be abnormal in ALM that ARCA. Similarly, EST was 100% abnormal in ALM and only 56% for ARCA. All nuclear medicine tests in ARCA were abnormal in those with abnormal EST. CC was abnormal in 5/5 ALM, 6/6 ALCx and 15/15 ARCA. CTA was abnormal in all ALM and ARCA when obtained. MRA in two ARCA who had not undergone CTA were abnormal. Echo never identified an AC origin and rarely demonstrated abnormal function. In conclusion, the two most helpful diagnostic tests in this large group of adults with anomalous coronaries were CC and CTA.
Pathophysiology of airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with nasal polyposis
Authors: Bruno Mahut, Laurent Plantier, Brigitte Chevalier-Bidaud, Christophe Delclaux
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

It has been hypothesized that airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is characterized by sensitivity (strength of stimulus) and reactivity (responsiveness to stimulus); the latter could be the intrinsic characteristic of AHR. The underlying mechanisms leading to AHR could be 1) airway inflammation, 2) reduction of forces opposing bronchoconstriction, and 3) structural airway changes/geometric factors. Our main objective was to assess the relationships between reactivity and these three mechanisms using measurements of 1) bronchial and bronchiolar/alveolar NO, 2) bronchomotor response to deep inspiration, and 3) forced expiratory flows and an index of airway to lung size, i.e. FEF25-75%/FVC.  Patients with nasal polyposis underwent spirometry, multiple flow measurement of exhaled NO, assessment of bronchomotor response to DI by forced oscillation technique and methacholine challenge allowing the calculation of reactivity (slope of the dose-response curve) and sensitivity (PD10).  One hundred and thirty-two patients with nasal polyposis were prospectively enrolled of whom 71 exhibited AHR. Airway reactivity was correlated with alveolar NO concentration (rho= 0.35; p=0.017), with airflow limitation (FEF25-75%: rho= -0.40; p=0.003) and with an index of airway size to lung size (FEF25-75%/FVC: rho= -0.38; p=0.005), of which only alveolar NO remained the only independent factor in a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Airway sensitivity was not correlated with any pulmonary function or exhaled NO parameter.   Conclusion:  In patients with nasal polyposis, the main determinant of reactivity is alveolar NO, suggesting that bronchiolar/alveolar lung inflammation constitutes one intrinsic characteristic of AHR.