tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vitro modulation of induced neutrophil activation by different surfactant preparations
Authors: FK Tegtmeyer, L Gortner, A Ludwig, E Brandt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Endotracheal surfactant administration has gained an important role in the treatment of respiratory failure. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocyte (PMN) activation mediated by chemoattractants, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (NAP-2) and formylated bacterial oligopeptides, has been found to be involved in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory failure. We investigated potential modulating effects of commercial surfactant preparations (Exosurf, Alveofact, Curosurf and Survanta) on spontaneous and chemoattractant-induced PMN function. Isolated cytochalasin B (CytB)-treated PMNs from healthy adults were incubated with increasing concentrations of surfactant. The response of the cells was measured in terms of elastase release from the lysosomes within 30 min. The PMNs showed no direct activation by any of the surfactants tested. However, when cells were stimulated with suboptimal dosages of chemokines, such as IL-8 (2 nM) or NAP-2 (100 nM), or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (50 nM), and co-incubated with increasing concentrations of surfactant (0.05-8 mg.mL-1) the release of elastase was markedly modulated depending on the surfactant preparation used. Whilst Exosurf and Alveofact showed only modest effects on the elastase release induced by all three mediators, Curosurf and Survanta markedly inhibited the cellular response in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations above 1 mg.mL-1, Curosurf and Survanta decreased the IL-8-, NAP-2- and fMLP-induced elastase release by 83, 67 and 90%, and by 82, 75 and 80%, respectively. In conclusion, exogenous surfactant may modulate the inflammatory response of the airways by affecting the chemoattractant-induced polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation. Surfactant preparations with inhibiting properties on neutrophil activation may participate in the prevention of neutrophil-induced lung damage.
High-dose CHOP plus etoposide (MegaCHOEP) in T-cell lymphoma: a comparative analysis of patients treated within trials of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL)
Authors: M. Nickelsen, M. Ziepert, S. Zeynalova, B. Glass, B. Metzner, M. Leithaeuser, H.K. Mueller-Hermelink, M. Pfreundschuh, N. Schmitz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
The Continuing Importance of How Neonates Die
Authors: A. A. Eduard Verhagen, Annie Janvier
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Rapid Acquisition of Tissue-specific Homing Phenotypes by CD4<b>+</b> T Cells Activated in Cutaneous or Mucosal Lymphoid Tissues
Authors: Daniel J. Campbell, Eugene C. Butcher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Effector and memory T cells can be subdivided based on their ability to traffic through peripheral tissues such as inflamed skin and intestinal lamina propria, a property controlled by expression of ‘tissue-specific’ adhesion and chemoattractant receptors. However, little is known about the development of these selectively homing T cell subsets, and it is unclear whether activation in cutaneous versus intestinal lymphoid organs directly results in effector/memory T cells that differentially express adhesion and chemoattracant receptors targeting them to the corresponding nonlymphoid site. We define two murine CD4+ effector/memory T cell subsets that preferentially localize in cutaneous or intestinal lymphoid organs by their reciprocal expression of the adhesion molecules P-selectin ligand (P-lig) and α4β7, respectively. We show that within 2 d of systemic immunization CD4+ T cells activated in cutaneous lymph nodes upregulate P-lig, and downregulate α4β7, while those responding to antigen in intestinal lymph nodes selectively express high levels of α4β7 and acquire responsiveness to the intestinal chemokine thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK). Thus, during an immune response, local microenvironments within cutaneous and intestinal secondary lymphoid organs differentially direct T cell expression of these adhesion and chemoattractant receptors, targeting the resulting effector T cells to the inflamed skin or intestinal lamina propria.
Risk of Thyroid Cancer Based on Thyroid Ultrasound Imaging Characteristics
Authors: Rebecca Smith-Bindman, Paulette Lebda, Vickie A. Feldstein, Dorra Sellami, Ruth B. Goldstein, Natasha Brasic, Chengshi Jin, John Kornak
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

There is wide variation in the management of thyroid nodules identified on ultrasound imaging.To quantify the risk of thyroid cancer associated with thyroid nodules based on ultrasound imaging characteristics.Retrospective case-control study of patients who underwent thyroid ultrasound imaging from January 1, 2000, through March 30, 2005. Thyroid cancers were identified through linkage with the California Cancer Registry.A total of 8806 patients underwent 11,618 thyroid ultrasound examinations during the study period, including 105 subsequently diagnosed as having thyroid cancer. Thyroid nodules were common in patients diagnosed as having cancer (96.9%) and patients not diagnosed as having thyroid cancer (56.4%). Three ultrasound nodule characteristics--microcalcifications (odds ratio [OR], 8.1; 95% CI, 3.8-17.3), size greater than 2 cm (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.7-7.6), and an entirely solid composition (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.7-9.2)--were the only findings associated with the risk of thyroid cancer. If 1 characteristic is used as an indication for biopsy, most cases of thyroid cancer would be detected (sensitivity, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94), with a high false-positive rate (0.44; 95% CI, 0.43-0.45) and a low positive likelihood ratio (2.0; 95% CI, 1.8-2.2), and 56 biopsies will be performed per cancer diagnosed. If 2 characteristics were required for biopsy, the sensitivity and false-positive rates would be lower (sensitivity, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.42-0.62; false-positive rate, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.07-0.08), the positive likelihood ratio would be higher (7.1; 95% CI, 6.2-8.2), and only 16 biopsies will be performed per cancer diagnosed. Compared with performing biopsy of all thyroid nodules larger than 5 mm, adoption of this more stringent rule requiring 2 abnormal nodule characteristics to prompt biopsy would reduce unnecessary biopsies by 90% while maintaining a low risk of cancer (5 per 1000 patients for whom biopsy is deferred).Thyroid ultrasound imaging could be used to identify patients who have a low risk of cancer for whom biopsy could be deferred. On the basis of these results, these findings should be validated in a large prospective cohort.
Pleural sarcoidosis: a rare presentation
Authors: E. Loughney, B. G. Higgins
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Sarcoidosis is a chronic disorder of unknown aetiology which causes tissue injury and granuloma formation in many organs. Although over 80% of cases have intrathoracic disease at presentation, pleural sarcoidosis remains an unusual manifestation. A case of sarcoidosis presenting with a discrete pleural mass is reported.
It is not time to lower the guard!
Authors: Isabella Annesi-Maesano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

A few days ago, I was interviewed by a group of masters students who, as part of their training, needed to know whether and how it is possible to establish a causal role of air pollution in the inception of asthma. They already knew that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in patients who already suffer from the condition. I gave them the usual didactic reply: it is necessary to verify Hill's criteria to prove causality between an exposure and the development of a disease. In the case of air pollution and asthma development, several of these criteria are verified. Among the most important is the statistically significant association between the two, as assessed by the computation of the associated risk (usually relative risks or odds ratios), the temporal sequence (prospective studies indicate that exposure precedes the disease), confirmation by toxicological and experimental studies that provide insights on underlying mechanisms, and biological plausibility. Answers to questions on health effects of air pollution will require funding at European and international levels <http://ow.ly/HMkvX>
Gating-Dependent Mechanisms for Flecainide Action in <i>SCN5A</i> -Linked Arrhythmia Syndromes
Authors: Prakash C. Viswanathan, Connie R. Bezzina, Alfred L. George, Dan M. Roden, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Jeffrey R. Balser
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Mutations in the cardiac sodium (Na) channel gene (SCN5A) give rise to the congenital long-QT syndrome (LQT3) and the Brugada syndrome. Na channel blockade by antiarrhythmic drugs improves the QT interval prolongation in LQT3 but worsens the Brugada syndrome ST-segment elevation. Although Na channel blockade has been proposed as a treatment for LQT3, flecainide also evokes "Brugada-like" ST-segment elevation in LQT3 patients. Here, we examine how Na channel inactivation gating defects in LQT3 and Brugada syndrome elicit proarrhythmic sensitivity to flecainide.We measured whole-cell Na current (I(Na)) from tsA-201 cells transfected with DeltaKPQ, a LQT3 mutation, and 1795insD, a mutation that provokes both the LQT3 and Brugada syndromes. The 1795insD and DeltaKPQ channels both exhibited modified inactivation gating (from the closed state), thus potentiating tonic I(Na) block. Flecainide (1 micromol/L) tonic block was only 16.8+/-3.0% for wild type but was 58.0+/-6.0% for 1795insD (P<0.01) and 39.4+/-8.0% (P<0.05) for DeltaKPQ. In addition, the 1795insD mutation delayed recovery from inactivation by enhancing intermediate inactivation, with a 4-fold delay in recovery from use-dependent flecainide block.We have linked 2 inactivation gating defects ("closed-state" fast inactivation and intermediate inactivation) to flecainide sensitivity in patients carrying LQT3 and Brugada syndrome mutations. These results provide a mechanistic rationale for predicting proarrhythmic sensitivity to flecainide based on the identification of specific SCN5A inactivation gating defects.
A mutation in the Gardos channel is associated with hereditary xerocytosis
Authors: Raphael Rapetti-Mauss, Caroline Lacoste, Véronique Picard, Corinne Guitton, Elise Lombard, Marie Loosveld, Vanessa Nivaggioni, Nathalie Dasilva, David Salgado, Jean-Pierre Desvignes, Christophe Béroud, Patrick Viout, Monique Bernard, Olivier Soriani, Henri Vinti, Valérie Lacroze, Madeleine Feneant-Thibault, Isabelle Thuret, Hélène Guizouarn, Catherine Badens
Journal: Blood (2015)
Relative antithrombotic and antihemostatic effects of protein C activator versus low-molecular-weight heparin in primates
Authors: András Gruber, Ulla M. Marzec, Leslie Bush, Enrico Di Cera, José A. Fernández, Michelle A. Berny, Erik I. Tucker, Owen J. T. McCarty, John H. Griffin, Stephen R. Hanson
Journal: Blood (2007)
Molecular Characterization of A New Variant of Hepatitis B Virus in A Persistently Infected Homosexual Man
Authors: Ramesh A. Bhat, Paul P. Ulrich, Girish N. Vyas
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Based on the diversity of nucleotide sequences of cloned hepatitis B virus DNA genomes, we have predicted possible replication of genetic variants of human hepatitis B virus. This prediction is exemplified by studies of a chronic carrier of HBsAg/adw2, who lacked anti–HBc but carried exceedingly high levels of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum. Molecular characterization of a number of clones revealed a restriction map that deviated significantly from the typical pattern of the adw2 subtype, especially around the EcoRI site commonly used as a reference point. Mutations appearing consistently in the precore and core regions included (a) mutation in the precore region resulting in a termination codon after the initiation codon, (b) mutation of the core initiation codon and (c) an inframe insert of 36 nucleotides in the precore region with a new initiation site for the core protein. The 36–nucleotide insertion resulted in a new core protein with 12 extra amino acids at its amino–terminal end. A few scattered point mutations were clustered in the amino–terminal half of the core gene. Although the core protein of this hepatitis B virus variant carried immunologically detectable HBcAg, the absence of a humoral immune response to HBcAg could have been caused by previous infection with human immunodeficiency virus. This naturally occurring human hepatitis B virus variant replicated efficiently without expressing the precore region, confirming previous observations made of the artificial mutants of duck hepatitis B virus.
Management of pneumothorax in adults with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: A R Penketh, R K Knight, M E Hodson, J C Batten
Journal: Thorax (1982)

The histories of 243 adults with cystic fibrosis were reviewed; 46 had experienced one or more spontaneous pneumothoraces (18.9%), and seven had died of this complication. There was a high incidence of recurrence on the same side after conservative management (50%) or intercostal drainage (55.2%). Prolonged intercostal drainage was associated with a high mortality. One-third of patients required surgical treatment. Twenty thoracotomies were performed. Three of these patients died but only two of the 17 survivors had recurrences. Severe airflow obstruction was not a contraindication to surgery. A plan of management for future cases is outlined.
Receptor for Hyaluronan-Mediated Motility Correlates with Centrosome Abnormalities in Multiple Myeloma and Maintains Mitotic Integrity
Authors: Christopher A. Maxwell, Jonathan J. Keats, Andrew R. Belch, Linda M. Pilarski, Tony Reiman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Elevated expression of receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) within ex vivo diagnostic multiple myeloma plasma cells predicts for aggressive disease and patient survival. Here, we investigate the relationship between RHAMM and centrosomal abnormalities within multiple myeloma patient samples. We report that myeloma patient samples contain pervasive structural and numerical centrosomal abnormalities. Structural, but not numerical, centrosomal abnormalities strongly correlate with elevated RHAMM expression. As others have shown that excess pericentriolar material strongly associates with abnormal mitoses, we modeled centrosomal abnormalities with exogenous RHAMM overexpression. RHAMM overexpression in vitro resulted in centrosomal and mitotic defects. To elucidate a mechanism for RHAMM-mediated spindle defects, we further investigated RHAMM mitotic function. RHAMM mitotic localization mirrors that of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2), and RHAMM interacts with the spindle assembly factors dynein and TPX2. Like TPX2, RHAMM expression is up-regulated during mitosis. Moreover, inhibition of function experiments reveals that RHAMM and TPX2 functions converge to maintain spindle integrity after spindle assembly. We postulate that augmentation of RHAMM expression within human cancers, including myeloma, can directly affect centrosomal structure and spindle integrity and potentially modulate apoptotic and cell cycle progression pathways.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Concentration and Size as Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease in Women
Authors: Gavin J. Blake, James D. Otvos, Nader Rifai, Paul M Ridker
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers an alternative, spectroscopic means of quantifying LDL and of measuring LDL particle size.We conducted a prospective nested case-control study among healthy middle-aged women to assess LDL particle size (NMR) and concentration (NMR) as risk factors for future myocardial infarction, stroke, or death of coronary heart disease. Median baseline levels of LDL particle concentration (NMR) were higher (1597 vs 1404 nmol/L; P= 0.0001) and LDL particle size (NMR) was lower (21.5 vs 21.8 nm; P=0.046) among women who subsequently had cardiovascular events (n=130) than among those who did not (n= 130). Of these 2 factors, LDL particle concentration (NMR) was the stronger predictor (relative risk for the highest compared with the lowest quartile=4.17, 95% CI 1.96-8.87). This compared with a relative risk of 3.11 (95% CI 1.55-6.26) for the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and a relative risk of 5.91 (95% CI 2.65-13.15) for C-reactive protein. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for LDL particle concentration (NMR), total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio, and C-reactive protein were 0.64, 0.64, and 0.66, respectively. LDL particle concentration (NMR) correlated with several traditionally assessed lipid and nonlipid risk factors, and thus adjustment for these tended to attenuate the magnitude of association between LDL particle concentration (NMR) and risk.In this cohort, LDL particle concentration measured by NMR spectroscopy was a predictor of future cardiovascular risk. However, the magnitude of predictive value of LDL particle concentration (NMR) was not substantively different from that of the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio and was less than that of C-reactive protein.
Antiangiogenic Therapy by Local Intracerebral Microinfusion Improves Treatment Efficiency and Survival in an Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Model
Authors: Nils Ole Schmidt, Mateo Ziu, Giorgio Carrabba, Carlo Giussani, Lorenzo Bello, Yanping Sun, Karl Schmidt, Mitchel Albert, Peter Mcl. Black, Rona S. Carroll
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Targeting active angiogenesis, which is a major hallmark of malignant gliomas, is a potential therapeutic approach. For effective inhibition of tumor-induced neovascularization, antiangiogenic compounds have to be delivered in sufficient quantities over a sustained period of time. The short biological half-life of many antiangiogenic inhibitors and the impaired intratumoral blood flow create logistical difficulties that make it necessary to optimize drug delivery for the treatment of malignant gliomas. In this study, we compared the effects of endostatin delivered by daily systemic administration or local intracerebral microinfusion on established intracranial U87 human glioblastoma xenografts in nude mice. Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging methods were used to assess treatment effects and additional histopathological analysis of tumor volume, microvessel density, proliferation, and apoptosis rate were performed. Three weeks of local intracerebral microinfusion of endostatin (2 mg/kg/day) led to 74% (P &amp;lt; 0.05) reduction of tumor volumes with decreased microvessel densities (33.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.005) and a 3-fold increased tumor cell apoptosis (P &amp;lt; 0.002). Systemic administration of a 10-fold higher amount of endostatin (20 mg/kg/day) did not result in a reduction of tumor volume nor in an increase of tumor cell apoptosis despite a significant decrease of microvessel densities (26.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.005). Magnetic resonance imaging was used to successfully demonstrate treatment effects. The local microinfusion of human endostatin significantly increased survival when administered at 2 mg/kg/day and was prolonged further when the dose was increased to 12 mg/kg/day. Our results indicate that the local intracerebral microinfusion of antiangiogenic compounds is an effective way to overcome the logistical problems of inhibiting glioma-induced angiogenesis.
Relapse of Ovarian Cancer With Bone Marrow Infiltration and Concurrent Emergence of Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Dimitrios Christoulas, Charis Matsouka, Ioannis Chatzinikolaou, Despoina Barmparoussi, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Christos A. Papadimitriou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)
Gene Expression Profiling Reveals a New Classification of Adrenocortical Tumors and Identifies Molecular Predictors of Malignancy and Survival
Authors: Aurélien de Reyniès, Guillaume Assié, David S. Rickman, Frédérique Tissier, Lionel Groussin, Fernande René-Corail, Bertrand Dousset, Xavier Bertagna, Eric Clauser, Jérôme Bertherat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Adrenocortical tumors, especially cancers, remain challenging both for their diagnosis and prognosis assessment. The aim of this article is to identify molecular predictors of malignancy and of survival. Patients and Methods One hundred fifty-three unilateral adrenocortical tumors were studied by microarray (n = 92) or reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n = 148). A two-gene predictor of malignancy was built using the disease-free survival as the end point in a training cohort (n = 47), then validated in an independent validation cohort (n = 104). The best candidate genes were selected using Cox models, and the best gene combination was validated using the log-rank test. Similarly, for malignant tumors, a two-gene predictor of survival was built using the overall survival as the end point in a training cohort (n = 23), then tested in an independent validation cohort (n = 35). Results Unsupervised clustering analysis discriminated robustly the malignant and benign tumors, and identified two groups of malignant tumors with very different outcome. The combined expression of DLG7 and PINK1 was the best predictor of disease-free survival (log-rank P ≈ 10 −12 ), could overcome the uncertainties of intermediate pathological Weiss scores, and remained significant after adjustment to the Weiss score (P &lt; 1.3 × 10 −2 ). Among the malignant tumors, the combined expression of BUB1B and PINK1 was the best predictor of overall survival (P &lt; 2 × 10 −6 ), and remained significant after adjusting for MacFarlane staging (P &lt; .005). Conclusion Gene expression analysis unravels two distinct groups of adrenocortical carcinomas. The molecular predictors of malignancy and of survival are reliable and provide valuable independent information in addition to pathology and tumor staging. These original tools should provide important improvements for adrenal tumors management.