tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum and Biliary Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Determining the Cause of Obstructive Cholestasis
Authors: Domenico Alvaro, Gianpiero Macarri, Maria Grazia Mancino, Marco Marzioni, MariaConsiglia Bragazzi, Paolo Onori, Stefano Ginanni Corradini, Pietro Invernizzi, Antonio Franchitto, Adolfo F. Attili, Eugenio Gaudio, Antonio Benedetti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma cells express and secrete insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Objective: To measure IGF-I and VEGF in bile and serum of patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and to evaluate their performance as diagnostic markers. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Inpatients at the Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Ancona, Italy. Patients: 73 patients who consecutively had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), including patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 29), pancreatic cancer (n = 19), and benign biliary abnormalities (n = 25; bile duct stones, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cholangitis). Measurements: Diagnosis was based on conventional radiology, ERCP, and follow-up. Insulin-like growth factor I and VEGF were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The biliary IGF-I concentration was 15- to 20-fold higher (P < 0.001) in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (mean, 84.6 nmol/L [95% CI, 74.0 to 95.2 nmol/L]) than in pancreatic cancer (5.8 nmol/L [CI, 4.0 to 7.5 nmol/L]) or benign biliary abnormalities (4.1 nmol/L [CI, 3.1 to 5.2 nmol/L]). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 1 when biliary IGF-I values in the extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were compared with benign biliary abnormalities or pancreatic cancer. In contrast, biliary VEGF concentration was similar in the 3 groups. Serum IGF-I levels were similar among the groups, whereas serum VEGF levels were higher in the cholangiocarcinoma (0.97 ng/mL [CI, 0.59 to 1.35 ng/mL]; P = 0.0016) and pancreatic cancer groups (0.66 ng/mL [CI, 0.43 to 0.88 ng/mL]; P < 0.001) compared with patients with benign biliary abnormalities (0.28 ng/mL [CI, 0.17 to 0.37 ng/mL]). Limitations: Data were obtained in a small sample, the study was performed in a single center, and few patients had a tissue diagnosis. Conclusions: Biliary IGF-I levels in patients undergoing ERCP for biliary obstruction may differentiate extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from either pancreatic cancer or benign biliary abnormalities.
Increasing Medical School Matriculation for Minority Students
Authors: Kevin Grumbach, Eric Chen
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adoptive Transfer of MAGE-A4 T-cell Receptor Gene-Transduced Lymphocytes in Patients with Recurrent Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Shinichi Kageyama, Hiroaki Ikeda, Yoshihiro Miyahara, Naoko Imai, Mikiya Ishihara, Kanako Saito, Sahoko Sugino, Shugo Ueda, Takeshi Ishikawa, Satoshi Kokura, Hiroaki Naota, Kohshi Ohishi, Taizo Shiraishi, Naoki Inoue, Masashige Tanabe, Tomohide Kidokoro, Hirofumi Yoshioka, Daisuke Tomura, Ikuei Nukaya, Junichi Mineno, Kazutoh Takesako, Naoyuki Katayama, Hiroshi Shiku
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Preparative lymphodepletion, the temporal ablation of the immune system, has been reported to promote persistence of transferred cells along with increased rates of tumor regression in patients treated with adoptive T-cell therapy. However, it remains unclear whether lymphodepletion is indispensable for immunotherapy with T-cell receptor (TCR) gene–engineered T cells. Experimental Design: We conducted a first-in-man clinical trial of TCR gene-transduced T-cell transfer in patients with recurrent MAGE-A4–expressing esophageal cancer. The patients were given sequential MAGE-A4 peptide vaccinations. The regimen included neither lymphocyte-depleting conditioning nor administration of IL2. Ten patients, divided into 3 dose cohorts, received T-cell transfer. Results: TCR-transduced cells were detected in the peripheral blood for 1 month at levels proportional to the dose administered, and in 5 patients they persisted for more than 5 months. The persisting cells maintained ex vivo antigen-specific tumor reactivity. Despite the long persistence of the transferred T cells, 7 patients exhibited tumor progression within 2 months after the treatment. Three patients who had minimal tumor lesions at baseline survived for more than 27 months. Conclusions: These results suggest that TCR-engineered T cells created by relatively short-duration in vitro culture of polyclonal lymphocytes in peripheral blood retained the capacity to survive in a host. The discordance between T-cell survival and tumor regression suggests that multiple mechanisms underlie the benefits of preparative lymphodepletion in adoptive T-cell therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 21(10); 2268–77. ©2015 AACR.
The Common Cytokine Receptor γ Chain Plays an Essential Role in Regulating Lymphoid Homeostasis
Authors: Hiroshi Nakajima, Elizabeth W. Shores, Masayuki Noguchi, Warren J. Leonard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

In the immune system, there is a careful regulation not only of lymphoid development and proliferation, but also of the fate of activated and proliferating cells. Although the manner in which these diverse events are coordinated is incompletely understood, cytokines are known to play major roles. Whereas IL-7 is essential for lymphoid development, IL-2 and IL-4 are vital for lymphocyte proliferation. The receptors for each of these cytokines contain the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc), and it was previously shown that γc-deficient mice exhibit severely compromised development and responsiveness to IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7. Nevertheless, these mice exhibit an age-dependent accumulation of splenic CD4+ T cells, the majority of which have a phenotype typical of memory/activated cells. When γc-deficient mice were mated to DO11.10 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, only the T cells bearing endogenous TCRs had this phenotype, suggesting that its acquisition was TCR dependent. Not only do the CD4+ T cells from γc-deficient mice exhibit an activated phenotype and greatly enhanced incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine but, consistent with the lack of γc-dependent survival signals, they also exhibit an augmented rate of apoptosis. However, because the CD4+ T cells accumulate, it is clear that the rate of proliferation exceeds the rate of cell death. Thus, surprisingly, although γc-independent signals are sufficient to mediate expansion of CD4+ T cells in these mice, γc-dependent signals are required to regulate the fate of activated CD4+ T cells, underscoring the importance of γc-dependent signals in controlling lymphoid homeostasis.
Rat T cell response to superantigens. I. V beta-restricted clonal deletion of rat T cells differentiating in rat--&amp;gt;mouse chimeras.
Authors: C D Surh, D P Gold, S Wiley, D B Wilson, J Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

T cells of mice display V beta-specific reactivity for a spectrum of mouse mammary tumor virus (Mtv) antigens; confrontation with these antigens during ontogeny causes substantial "holes" in the T cell repertoire. Since endogenous Mtv antigens are rare in other species, the question arises whether V beta-specific recognition of Mtv antigens is unique to mice. To examine this question, rat T cells were allowed to differentiate from stem cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. These rat-->mouse xenochimeras were prepared under a variety of conditions. The results show that rat T cells are strongly reactive to mouse Mtv antigens, both in terms of tolerogenicity and immunogenicity. In fact, the V beta specificity of rat and mouse T cells for Mtv antigens is almost indistinguishable.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis: prevent, eradicate or both?
Authors: E. Eber, M. S. Zach
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Infarction of rostral brainstem and cerebral hemispheral regions fed by the distal basilar artery causes a clinically recognizable syndrome characterized by visual, oculomotor, and behavioral abnormalities, often without significant motor dysfunction. Rostral brainstem infarction produces oculomotor and pupillary signs that are identical to those in thalamic hemorrhage. Somnolence, vivid hallucinations and dreamlike behavior may also accompany rostral brainstem infarction. Temporal and occipital infarctions are frequently accompanied by hemianopia with distinctive characteristics, fragments of the Balint syndrome, amnestic dysfunction, and agitated behavior. The “top of the basilar” syndrome is most often due to an embolus.
INVESTIGATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC COMPONENTS AND VARIOUS FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVEMENT WITH ELECTROCONVULSIVE TREATMENT: A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: N. Q. BRILL, E. CRUMPTON, S. EIDUSON, H. M. GRAYSON, L. I. HELLMAN, R. A. RICHARDS, H. D. STRASSMAN, A. A. UNGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

1. This is a preliminary report of a study designed to investigate the mode of action of ECT and the degree to which various physiological, biochemical and psychological factors in patients were related to its effectiveness. Thirty-six patients were assigned at random to a course of 1 of 5 treatment methods: ECT; ECT with anectine; ECT with Pentothal; Pentothal; and nitrous oxide. 2. There were no significant differences among the 5 treatment groups with respect to improvement. When just schizophrenic patients without clinical depression were studied, the results obtained by ECT were the same as those obtained by repeatedly rendering the patient unconscious by Pentothal or nitrous oxide. Consistent with clinical experience, there was a greater degree of improvement seen in patients with clinically evident depression than in those with no clinical depression, regardless of type of treatment received. 3. Contrary to expectations, patients with no sign of "self-expressed depression" and without "exaggerated guilt" improve most often. 4. Some confirmation was obtained of the predictive value of the Funkenstein test, and weak but better than chance relationships were found between improvement and protein bound iodine, serum potassium, serum calcium, spinal fluid potassium, blood uric acid and blood total catecholamines. An increase in 17-ketosteroid excretion as well as improved adrenocortical response to stress appeared to be related to improvement. 5. The psychological test variables which related best, although weakly, with improvement were "the potential for psychopathology" and "anxiety." 6. Improvement was found to be weakly associated with general fearfulness, expectation of death from treatment and nonverbalized fear of shock treatment. The findings suggest that there is some relationship between fear of treatment and improvement. However, it clearly is not strong enough (as determined here) to explain adequately the mode of action of shock treatment, nor in itself, to be a reliable prognostic tool. 7. Fear of shock treatment seemed to be universal in the patients studied but the design of the study did not provide adequately for the determination of the unconscious meaning of the treatment to the patients.
Taking the Initiative
Authors: Mark A. Veazie, James M. Galloway, Dyann Matson-Koffman, Darwin R. LaBarthe, J. Nell Brownstein, Marian Emr, Eric Bolton, Eugene Freund, Robinson Fulwood, Jeanette Guyton-Krishnan, Yuling Hong, Michael Lebowitz, Emmeline Ochiai, Mark Schoeberl, Rose Marie Robertson
Journal: Circulation (2005)
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: P. Bulpa, A. Dive, Y. Sibille
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Aspergillus spp. cultured in specimens from the airways of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are frequently considered as a contaminant. However, growing evidence suggests that severe COPD patients are at higher risk of developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), although IPA incidence in this population is poorly documented. Some data report that COPD is the underlying disease in 1% of patients with IPA. Definitive diagnosis of IPA in COPD patients is often difficult as tissue samples are rarely obtained before death. Diagnosis is therefore usually based on a combination of clinical features, radiological findings (mostly thoracic computed tomography scans), microbiological results and, sometimes, serological information. Of 56 patients with IPA reported in the literature, 43 (77%) were receiving corticosteroids on admission to hospital. Breathlessness was always a feature of disease and excess wheezing was present in 79% of patients. Fever (&gt;38°C) was present in only 38.5%. Chest pain and haemoptysis were uncommon. Six out of 33 (18%) patients had tracheobronchitis observed during bronchoscopy. The median delay between symptoms and diagnosis was 8.5 days. The mortality rate was high: 53 out of 56 (95%) patients died despite invasive ventilation and antifungal treatment in 43 (77%) of them. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis currently carries a very poor prognosis. Outcome could perhaps be improved by more rapid diagnosis and prompt therapy with voriconazole.
Prevention and control of diabetes in Pacific people
Authors: S. Foliaki
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Diabetes is a major problem worldwide. Among Pacific people, prevention and control of diabetes lies in counteracting rapid changes in lifestyle and must take account of political and economic factors and social structure 

Early studies clearly showed that while diabetes was virtually non-existent in populations indigenous to the Pacific maintaining a traditional lifestyle, the reverse was true for the urbanised Pacific populations.1 In recent decades diabetes prevalence has increased rapidly over time in the indigenous people in the Pacific region (Polynesian, Melanesian, Micronesian), both in the Pacific islands and in countries such as New Zealand.2 Epidemiological evidence indicates that prevalence is generally lowest in traditional Pacific environments, and is higher in both urban Pacific and adopted metropolitan environments; in the latter environments, prevalence is markedly higher in Pacific people than in white people. Prevalence has been increasing rapidly in all three environments, and Pacific people experience greater morbidity and more complications than white people with diabetes.

Genetic factors alone cannot explain these patterns, which are due to rapid changes in lifestyle and risk factors such as obesity, unhealthy diets, and physical inactivity that have become widespread throughout the region.2 Although the risk factors associated with diabetes are now reasonably well understood, the prevention and control of the condition in the Pacific, and in Pacific people in Western countries, is not straightforward. We here consider the individual level and population level approaches to diabetes prevention and control in Pacific people.

Vigorous pharmacological interventions have a clear role in the management of existing diabetes. Nevertheless, in some Pacific countries a large proportion of resources is spent on identifying people with diabetes and on a variety of non-standardised drug treatment regimens. Modification of individual behaviour is undertaken in less than 5% of the population.3 Given the high cost of …
Pathogenic bacteria and viruses in induced sputum or pharyngeal secretions of adults with stable asthma
Authors: T H Harju
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Respiratory infections are well known triggers of asthma exacerbations, but their role in stable adult asthma remains unclear. <b>Methods:</b> 103 asthmatics and 30 control subjects were enrolled in the study. Sputum was induced by inhalation of 3% NaCl solution. Oropharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from the posterior wall of the oropharynx. Respiratory specimens were analysed by RT-PCR for rhinovirus, enterovirus and respiratory syncytial virus and by PCR for adenovirus, <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>, <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> and <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>. <b>Results:</b> Sputum samples from two of the 30 healthy controls (6.7%), five of 53 patients with mild asthma (9.4%), and eight of 50 with moderate asthma (16.0%) were positive for rhinovirus. Rhinovirus positive asthmatic subjects had more asthma symptoms and lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) (79% predicted) than rhinovirus negative cases (93.5% predicted; p = 0.020). <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> PCR was positive in 11 healthy controls (36.6%), 11 mild asthmatics (20.8%), and 11 moderate asthmatics (22%), and PCR positive asthmatics had lower FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC than negative cases (78.2% <i>v</i> 80.8%, p = 0.023). <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> PCR was positive in 30 cases: five healthy controls (16.7%), 15 mild asthmatics (28.3%), and 10 moderate asthmatics (20%). <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> positive individuals had lower FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC (77.1% <i>v</i> 80.7%, p = 0.012) and more asthma symptoms than <i>B pertussis</i> negative cases. <b>Conclusions:</b> Rhinovirus, <i>C pneumoniae</i>, and <i>B pertussis</i> are found in the sputum or pharyngeal swab specimens of asthmatic subjects without concurrent symptoms of infection or asthma exacerbation, as well as in some healthy controls. Positivity is associated with lower lung function and more frequent asthma symptoms.
Acute renal failure and hemodialysis increases the length of invasive mechanical ventilation, hospital stay and hospital costs in severe polytrauma patients
Authors: Cauê Padovani, Bruna P. Rotta, Janete M. Silva, Carolina Fu, Clarice Tanaka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Polytrauma, complexes post-surgical states and severe bleeding are conditions associated to higher risk of acute renal failure (ARF). Despite the advances in prevention and treatment this condition, ARF is associated to higher mortality and financial burden on healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of dialytic ARF (d-ARF) in severe polytrauma patients on lengths of invasive mechanical ventilation (length-IMV), hospital stay (length-H) and hospital costs ($H). Methods: The study was performed in a large public tertiary-teaching hospital from Dec-2009 to Oct-2011. It was selected 198 polytrauma patients, ≥18 years old, ≥24h of IMV. Outcomes of patients who developed d-ARF were compared to the matched non d-ARF. Gender, age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System II (APACHE II), number of surgeries, length-IMV, length of intensive care unit stay (length-ICU) and length-H were collected. The $H was determined by the Omega Score (47 diagnostics and therapeutics items in three categories scored from 1 to 10). The direct cost in Euros (€) was calculated according to Sznajder et al. (1998). Results: Out of 198 patients selected, 21 (10.6%) developed d-ARF. They were older (44vs36 years; p=.049); presented higher number of surgeries (3vs1; p=.002), APACHE II (20vs13; p
Recent insights into the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ornella Josephine Rullo, Betty P Tsao
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Many identified genetic risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contribute to the function of the immune system, which has expanded our understanding of disease pathogenesis. We outline the genetic variants in recently identified SLE-associated loci, the immunological pathways affected by these gene products and the disease manifestations linked to these loci. Pathways potentially influenced by SLE risk variants include: apoptosis, DNA degradation and clearance of cellular debris; antigen presentation; type I interferon, Toll-like receptor and nuclear factor kappa κB activation; defective clearance of immune complexes containing nuclear antigens; B and T-cell function and signalling; and monocyte and neutrophil function and signalling. These identified SLE susceptibility loci are predominantly common variants that have been confirmed among multiple ancestries, suggesting shared mechanisms in disease aetiology. Ongoing genetic studies continue the investigation of specific functional variants, and their potential consequences on immune dysregulation, enhancing our understanding of links between genotypes and specific disease manifestations. The next generation of sequencing explores the identification of causal rare variants that may contribute robust genetic effects to developing SLE. Novel insights coming from genetic studies of SLE provide the opportunity to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms as well as contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic targets for this complex disease.
Mucociliary clearance during and after isocapnic hyperventilation with dry air in the presence of frusemide
Authors: E Daviskas, SD Anderson, I Gonda, D Bailey, G Bautovich, JP Seale
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

We have previously shown that mucociliary clearance (MCC) decreased during and increased after isocapnic hyperventilation (ISH) with dry air, both in asthmatic and healthy subjects. Inhaled frusemide, an inhibitor of the Na+/K+/2Cl- and NaCl co-transporters on the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell, prevents the airway narrowing provoked by ISH with dry air. The co-transport system controls epithelial cell volume and chloride secretion and, thus, frusemide has the potential to modify the rate of recovery of periciliary fluid volume during and after ISH with dry air, and hence affect MCC. Frusemide also blocks mediator release from mast cells, which may also modify the increase in MCC after ISH. Eleven asthmatic and 11 healthy subjects inhaled frusemide (35.7 +/- 0.44 mg) or its vehicle, from a Fisoneb ultrasonic nebulizer 30 min before ISH with dry air, on two separate occasions. MCC was measured using 99mTc-sulphur colloid and a gamma camera. Frusemide, compared to its vehicle, did not affect MCC during or 45 min after ISH. However, in the presence of frusemide, the onset of the increase of MCC after ISH was significantly delayed for approximately 10 min in the whole right lung (p &lt; 0.002) and central region (p &lt; 0.01) in the asthmatic but not in the healthy subjects. These findings could be explained by frusemide delaying the recovery of the periciliary fluid volume after ISH with dry air and/or interfering with the stimulus that causes the increase in MCC in the asthmatic subjects after ISH.