tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lymph Node Germinal Centers Form in the Absence of Follicular Dendritic Cell Networks
Authors: Pandelakis A. Koni, Richard A. Flavell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Follicular dendritic cell networks are said to be pivotal to both the formation of germinal centers (GCs) and their functions in generating antigen-specific antibody affinity maturation and B cell memory. We report that lymphotoxin β–deficient mice form GC cell clusters in the gross anatomical location expected of GCs, despite the complete absence of follicular dendritic cell networks. Furthermore, antigen-specific GC generation was at first relatively normal, but these GCs then rapidly regressed and GC-phase antibody affinity maturation was reduced. Lymphotoxin β–deficient mice also showed substantial B cell memory in their mesenteric lymph nodes. This memory antibody response was of relatively low affinity for antigen at week 4 after challenge, but by week 10 after challenge was comparable to wild-type, indicating that affinity maturation had failed in the GC phase but developed later.
Wegener's granulomatosis complicated by diabetes insipidus.
Authors: N P Hurst, N A Dunn, T M Chalmers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

We report a case of Wegener9s granulomatosis complicated by cranial diabetes insipidus in which no evidence of local sinus erosion or intracranial granuloma was found. Unlike previously reported cases, the diabetes insipidus has not resolved despite successful treatment of the vasculitis. The patient is also unusual in that she had a prolonged 9-month prodromal period of seronegative polyarthritis before the appearance of typical systemic vasculitis and granuloma formation.
Kras Mutations and Histopatologic Characteristics of Turkish Young Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Dilaver Demirel, Bulent Karagoz, Ufuk Berber, Ismail Yılmaz, Oguz Bilgi, Abdullah Haholu, Tolga Tuncel, Alpaslan Ozgun, Ahmet Balta, Levent Emirzeoglu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Inflammation and Long-Term Mortality After Non–ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated With a Very Early Invasive Strategy in 1042 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Christian Mueller, Heinz J. Buettner, John M. Hodgson, Stephan Marsch, André P. Perruchoud, Helmut Roskamm, Franz-Josef Neumann
Journal: Circulation (2002)

This study sought to evaluate the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP) on long-term mortality in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTACS) that were treated with a very early aggressive revascularization strategy.We conducted a prospective cohort study in 1042 consecutive patients with NSTACS who were undergoing coronary angiography and subsequent coronary stenting of the culprit lesion as the primary revascularization strategy within 24 hours. Levels of CRP were determined on admission. The patients were followed for a mean of 20 months. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with a CRP>10 mg/L (3.7% versus 1.2% with CRP<3 mg/L and versus 0.8% with CRP of 3 to 10 mg/L; relative risk for CRP>10 mg/L compared with CRP< or =10 mg/L was 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] was 1.6 to 11.0; P=0.004). The increase in mortality in patients with CRP>10 mg/L persisted during follow-up. Long-term mortality was 3.4% with CRP<3 mg/L, 4.4% with CRP between 3 and 10 mg/L, and 12.7% with CRP>10 mg/L (relative risk for CRP>10 mg/L compared with CRP< or =10 mg/L, 0.8; 95% CI, 2.3 to 6.2; P<0.001). In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significantly reduced survival at 4 years in patients with a CRP>10 mg/L (78% versus 88% for a CRP of 3 to 10 mg/L and versus 92% for CRP<3 mg/L; P<0.001 by log-rank). In a multivariate analysis, CRP was an independent predictor of long-term mortality. Patients with a CRP>10 mg/L had >4 times the risk of death (odds ratio, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.3 to 7.2).CRP is a strong independent predictor of short and long-term mortality after NSTACS that are treated with very early revascularization.
Cancer Incidence Before and After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Claire M. Vajdic, Stephen P. McDonald, Margaret R. E. McCredie, Marina T. van Leeuwen, John H. Stewart, Matthew Law, Jeremy R. Chapman, Angela C. Webster, John M. Kaldor, Andrew E. Grulich
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Immune suppression after organ transplantation is associated with a markedly increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer and a few virus-associated cancers. Although it is generally accepted that other cancers do not occur at increased rates, there have been few long-term population-based cohort studies performed.To compare the incidence of cancer in patients receiving immune suppression after kidney transplantation with incidence in the same population in 2 periods before receipt of immune suppression: during dialysis and during end-stage kidney disease before renal replacement therapy (RRT).A population-based cohort study of 28,855 patients with end-stage kidney disease who received RRT, with 273,407 person-years of follow-up. Incident cancers (1982-2003) were ascertained by record linkage between the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry and the Australian National Cancer Statistics Clearing House.Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of cancer, using age-specific, sex-specific, calendar year-specific, and state/territory-specific population cancer incidence rates.The overall incidence of cancer, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer and those cancers known to frequently cause end-stage kidney disease, was markedly increased after transplantation (n = 1236; SIR, 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.09-3.46). In contrast, cancer incidence was only slightly increased during dialysis (n = 870; SIR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.27-1.45) and before RRT (n = 689; SIR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.25). After transplantation, cancer occurred at significantly increased incidence at 25 sites, and risk exceeded 3-fold at 18 of these sites. Most of these cancers were of known or suspected viral etiology.Kidney transplantation is associated with a marked increase in cancer risk at a wide variety of sites. Because SIRs for most types of cancer were not increased before transplantation, immune suppression may be responsible for the increased risk. These data suggest a broader than previously appreciated role of the interaction between the immune system and common viral infections in the etiology of cancer.
Early Stages of Zebrafish Eye Formation Require the Coordinated Activity of Wnt11, Fz5, and the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Florencia Cavodeassi, Filipa Carreira-Barbosa, Rodrigo M. Young, Miguel L. Concha, Miguel L. Allende, Corinne Houart, Masazumi Tada, Stephen W. Wilson
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Elevated Risk for HIV Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 2000–2006: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stefan Baral, Frangiscos Sifakis, Farley Cleghorn, Chris Beyrer
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background Recent reports of high HIV infection rates among men who have sex with men (MSM) from Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the former Soviet Union (FSU) suggest high levels of HIV transmission among MSM in low- and middle-income countries. To investigate the global epidemic of HIV among MSM and the relationship of MSM outbreaks to general populations, we conducted a comprehensive review of HIV studies among MSM in low- and middle-income countries and performed a meta-analysis of reported MSM and reproductive-age adult HIV prevalence data. Methods and Findings A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using systematic methodology. Data regarding HIV prevalence and total sample size was sequestered from each of the studies that met inclusion criteria and aggregate values for each country were calculated. Pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates were stratified by factors including HIV prevalence of the country, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)–classified level of HIV epidemic, geographic region, and whether or not injection drug users (IDUs) played a significant role in given epidemic. Pooled ORs were stratified by prevalence level; very low-prevalence countries had an overall MSM OR of 58.4 (95% CI 56.3–60.6); low-prevalence countries, 14.4 (95% CI 13.8–14.9); and medium- to high-prevalence countries, 9.6 (95% CI 9.0–10.2). Significant differences in ORs for HIV infection among MSM in were seen when comparing low- and middle-income countries; low-income countries had an OR of 7.8 (95% CI 7.2–8.4), whereas middle-income countries had an OR of 23.4 (95% CI 22.8–24.0). Stratifying the pooled ORs by whether the country had a substantial component of IDU spread resulted in an OR of 12.8 (95% CI 12.3–13.4) in countries where IDU transmission was prevalent, and 24.4 (95% CI 23.7–25.2) where it was not. By region, the OR for MSM in the Americas was 33.3 (95% CI 32.3–34.2); 18.7 (95% CI 17.7–19.7) for Asia; 3.8 (95% CI 3.3–4.3) for Africa; and 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.6) for the low- and middle-income countries of Europe. Conclusions MSM have a markedly greater risk of being infected with HIV compared with general population samples from low- and middle-income countries in the Americas, Asia, and Africa. ORs for HIV infection in MSM are elevated across prevalence levels by country and decrease as general population prevalence increases, but remain 9-fold higher in medium–high prevalence settings. MSM from low- and middle-income countries are in urgent need of prevention and care, and appear to be both understudied and underserved.
Dual-Chamber Pacing in the Treatment of Neurally Mediated Tilt-Positive Cardioinhibitory Syncope
Authors: Richard Sutton, Michele Brignole, Carlo Menozzi, Antonio Raviele, Paolo Alboni, Paolo Giani, Angel Moya
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —This study was performed to compare implantation of a DDI pacemaker with rate hysteresis with no implant in respect to syncopal recurrences in patients with severe cardioinhibitory tilt-positive neurally mediated syncope. Methods and Results —Forty-two patients from 18 European centers were randomized to receive a DDI pacemaker programmed to 80 bpm with hysteresis of 45 bpm (19 patients) or no pacemaker (23 patients). Inclusion criteria were ≥3 syncopes over the last 2 years and a positive cardioinhibitory (Vasovagal Syncope International Study types 2A and 2B) response to tilt testing. The median number of previous syncopal episodes was 6; asystolic response to tilt testing was present in 36 patients (86%) (mean asystole, 13.9±10.2 seconds). All patients were followed up for a minimum of 1.0 years and a maximum of 6.7 years (mean, 3.7±2.2). One patient (5%) in the pacemaker arm experienced recurrence of syncope compared with 14 patients (61%) in the no-pacemaker arm ( P =0.0006). In the no-pacemaker arm, the median time to first syncopal recurrence was 5 months, with a rate of 0.44 per year. On repeated tilt testing performed within 15 days after enrollment, positive responses were observed in 59% of patients with pacemakers and in 61% of patients without pacemakers ( P =NS). Conclusions —In a limited, select group of patients with tilt-positive cardioinhibitory syncope, DDI pacing with hysteresis reduced the likelihood of syncope. The benefit of the therapy was maintained over the long term. Even in untreated patients, the syncopal recurrence burden was low. A negative result of tilt testing was not a useful means to evaluate therapy efficacy.
Dying to win
Authors: E Clisby
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

From 1985 to 1988, 90 closed tibial fractures were prospectively studied to assess the morbidity of such injuries to sports people and how this can be influenced by treatment regimens. All fractures were sustained during rugby or football matches. After random selection, 45 fractures were openly reduced and internally fixed (group A), and 45 fractures were manipulated under general anaesthesia and a long-leg plaster applied (group B). For patients in group A, below-knee plasters were used for 3 to 4 weeks, with immediate weight-bearing when tolerated. A total of 44 (98%) tibiae united clinically and radiologically within 14-18 weeks. Within 4 months of surgery 28 (62%) patients had returned to work and were able to play again by the following season. By 6 months 17 (38%) patients had resumed normal activities. In group B, only 24 (53%) tibiae united in a mean time of 16 weeks (range 12-40 weeks). Six (13%) patients required bone grafting for non-union, and one patient subsequently developed osteomyelitis. Only ten (22%) patients were back to work and playing sport again within 6 months of initial injury. It is concluded that internal fixation of closed tibial fractures as a primary procedure following low velocity sports injuries can be safely performed. It leads to a faster return to normal activities with fewer complications than does conservative treatment in plaster using contemporary methods.
A simple system for grading the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: S. Rodenhuis, I.A.M. Mandjes, J. Wesseling, M.J. van de Vijver, M.-J. T. D. F. Vrancken Peeters, G.S. Sonke, S.C. Linn
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cécile Gaujoux-Viala, Josef S Smolen, Robert Landewé, Maxime Dougados, Tore K Kvien, Emilio Martin Mola, Marieke Scholte-Voshaar, Piet van Riel, Laure Gossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)—a first step in a European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) initiative to produce recommendations for the management of RA. Methods A systematic review of the literature using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library was performed up to January 2009. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the efficacy of synthetic DMARDs (vs placebo or other synthetic DMARDs) on signs and symptoms, disability and/or radiographic structural damage in patients with RA were selected. Studies of biological agents or glucocorticoids were excluded. A pooled effect size (ES) was calculated by meta-analysis. Safety and the occurrence of infections and neoplasia was also assessed. Results 97 RCTs (14 159 patients) were analysed for efficacy. The pooled analysis indicated that methotrexate (MTX) was more efficacious in reducing signs and symptoms, disability and radiographic structural damage than other synthetic DMARDs pooled: ES for swollen joint count (SJC) versus pooled DMARDs=1.42 (95% CI 0.65 to 2.18). Leflunomide appeared to be as effective as MTX. Sulfasalazine and injectable gold were efficacious in reducing signs and symptoms and structural damage. Ciclosporin, minocycline, tacrolimus and hydroxychloroquine showed some efficacy in reducing SJC. Auranofin and D-penicillamine showed no significant superiority over placebo. The risks of cancer and of infection were increased with cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. Conclusions MTX was well-tolerated and effective in reducing signs and symptoms, disability and structural damage. A comparison with other synthetic DMARDs was in favour of MTX, though at the tested doses MTX and leflunomide were equally effective.
Impact of final stent dimensions on long-term results following sirolimus-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Shinjo Sonoda, Yoshihiro Morino, Junya Ako, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Ali H.M Hassan, Heidi N Bonneau, Martin B Leon, Jeffrey W Moses, Paul G Yock, Yasuhiro Honda, Richard E Kuntz, Peter J Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Influence of moderate dehydration on soccer performance: physiological responses to 45 min of outdoor match-play and the immediate subsequent performance of sport-specific and mental concentration tests
Authors: Andrew M Edwards, Michael E Mann, Michael J Marfell-Jones, Dean M Rankin, Timothy D Noakes, David P Shillington
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Objective: To determine whether moderate water loss (∼1.5–2% of body mass (BM)) represents a significant impairment to soccer match-play and the related fitness variables. Methods: 11 moderately active male soccer players (mean (SD) age 24.4 (3) years, BM 74.03 (10.5) kg, peak oxygen consumption 50.91 (4.0) ml/kg/min) volunteered to participate. The experimental procedure comprised: (1) a 45 min pre-match period of cycle ergometry exercise (90% of individual ventilatory threshold); (2) the completion of a 45 min soccer match; and (3) the immediate post-match performance of sport-specific and mental concentration tests. The subjects completed the procedure on three occasions each in a different experimental condition (fluid intake (FL), no fluid (NF) and mouth rinse (MR)) in an individually randomised order. Core temperature (T c ), heart rates, plasma and urine osmolalities, BM, sweat rates and heat storage were all measured. Results: The only condition-dependent difference during the match-play element of the protocol was a significantly increased T c in the NF condition compared with the FL condition (39.28°C (0.35°C) and 38.8°C (0.47°C), respectively; p&lt;0.05). The immediate post-match performance of a sport-specific fitness test was significantly impaired where FL had been denied (p&lt;0.01). The post-test evaluation of rating of perceived exertion and thirst indicated that the NF condition was perceived to be the most challenging (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The condition-dependent differences in match-play and post-match tests demonstrate that moderate dehydration is detrimental to soccer performance. However, it remains unclear whether this could be attributable to water loss in itself or the negative psychological associations derived from a greater perception of effort in that condition.
Dual GPCR and GAG mimicry by the M3 chemokine decoy receptor
Authors: Jennifer M. Alexander-Brett, Daved H. Fremont
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Viruses have evolved a myriad of evasion strategies focused on undermining chemokine-mediated immune surveillance, exemplified by the mouse γ-herpesvirus 68 M3 decoy receptor. Crystal structures of M3 in complex with C chemokine ligand 1/lymphotactin and CC chemokine ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 reveal that invariant chemokine features associated with G protein–coupled receptor binding are primarily recognized by the decoy C-terminal domain, whereas the N-terminal domain (NTD) reconfigures to engage divergent basic residue clusters on the surface of chemokines. Favorable electrostatic forces dramatically enhance the association kinetics of chemokine binding by M3, with a primary role ascribed to acidic NTD regions that effectively mimic glycosaminoglycan interactions. Thus, M3 employs two distinct mechanisms of chemical imitation to potently sequester chemokines, thereby inhibiting chemokine receptor binding events as well as the formation of chemotactic gradients necessary for directed leukocyte trafficking.
Translating the Human Genome Project Into Prevention of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke—Getting Close?
Authors: Christopher J. O’Donnell
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer in siblings of children with cancer in the Nordic countries: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Jeanette Falck Winther, Risto Sankila, John D Boice, Hrafn Tulinius, Andrea Bautz, Lotti Barlow, Eystein Glattre, Frøydis Langmark, Torgil R Möller, John J Mulvihill, Gudridur H Olafsdottir, Annukka Ritvanen, Jørgen H Olsen
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Late Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treated During Adulthood
Authors: M. J. Matasar, J. S. Ford, E. R. Riedel, T. Salz, K. C. Oeffinger, D. J. Straus
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) treated as adults are at risk for late effects of therapy. However, the burden of late morbidity and mortality among adults treated for HL remains incompletely characterized. Vital status and, for deceased, cause of death were determined for 746 adults treated on a first-line trial at a single center from 1975 to 2000. Survivors completed a detailed survey describing their physical and mental health. A severity score (grades 1–4, ranging from mild to life-threatening or disabling) was assigned to self-reported conditions. At a median follow-up of 22 years, 227 of patients (30.4%) had died, 107 (47.1%) from HL, 120 (52.9%) from other causes, including second primary malignancies (SPMs) (n = 52) and cardiovascular disease (n = 27). Across the duration of follow-up, all-cause and SPM-specific risk of death remained higher than predicted by normative data. Among survivors, late morbidity survey data are available for 238 patients (45.9%). Ninety-four-point-one percent of respondents reported at least one morbidity, and 47.5% reported at least one grade 3 or 4 morbidity; 20.2% reported two or more grade 3 morbidities. Commonly reported morbidities included cardiovascular (54.6%), endocrine (68.5%), pulmonary disease (21.4%), and nonfatal second malignancy (23.1%). Anxiety, depression, and fear of recurrence were frequently reported. Among a large cohort of patients treated for HL with extensive follow-up, risk of late mortality from causes other than HL and prevalence of late medical morbidity are high. Guidelines for prevention, screening, and management of late effects in adult survivors of HL are needed.