tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UNUSUAL HISTOLOGICAL APPEARANCES IN DUHRING-BROCQ'S DISEASE*
Authors: R. DEGOS, J. CIVATTE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article UNUSUAL HISTOLOGICAL APPEARANCES IN DUHRING‐BROCQ'S DISEASE Get access R. DEGOS, R. DEGOS Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Paris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. CIVATTE J. CIVATTE Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Paris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1961, Pages 295–299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14450.x Published: 01 August 1961
Persisting Remodeling and Less Airway Wall Eosinophil Activation in Complete Remission of Asthma
Authors: Martine Broekema, Wim Timens, Judith M. Vonk, Franke Volbeda, Monique E. Lodewijk, Machteld N. Hylkema, Nick H. T. ten Hacken, Dirkje S. Postma
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Individuals with asthma may outgrow symptoms despite not using treatment, whereas others reach complete remission (CoR) with absence of airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. It is uncertain whether this associates with remission of all inflammatory and remodeling asthma features.To compare the pathologic phenotype of individuals with asthma with CoR and clinical remission (ClinR) and those with active asthma, with and without the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).We investigated 165 individuals known with active asthma, on reexamination having CoR (n = 18), ClinR (n = 44), and current asthma (CuA, n = 103, 64 with and 39 without ICS). MEASUREMENTS MAIN RESULTS: Inflammatory cells were measured in blood, induced sputum, and bronchial biopsies; histamine and ECP in sputum; and eosinophilic peroxidase (EPX) immunopositivity and remodeling (epithelial changes, E-cadherin expression, basement membrane [BM] thickening, collagen deposition) in bronchial biopsies. Median (range) blood eosinophils from CoR were significantly lower than those from CuA (0.10 [0.04-0.24] vs. 0.18 [0.02-1.16] × 10⁹/L). Bronchial EPX immunopositivity was lower in CoR than in both ClinR and CuA (67 [0.5-462] vs. 95 [8-5329] and 172 [6-5313] pixels). Other inflammatory findings were comparable. BM thickness was lowest in CuA, caused by lower BM thickness in those using ICS (CoR, 6.3 [4.7-8.4]; ClinR, 6.5 [3.8-11.7]; CuA, 5.7 [2.8-12.6]; and ICS using CuA, 5.3 [2.8-8.2] μm).CoR is still accompanied by airway abnormalities because BM thickness is similar in individuals with asthma with CoR, ClinR, and CuA without ICS. Airway eosinophilic activation best differentiates these three groups, signifying their importance in the clinical expression and severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma.
Hestia criteria can discriminate high- from low-risk patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Wendy Zondag, Birgitta I. Hiddinga, Monique J.T. Crobach, Geert Labots, Anneke Dolsma, Marc Durian, Laura M. Faber, Herman M.A. Hofstee, Christian F. Melissant, Eric F. Ullmann, Lies M.A. Vingerhoets, Mariëlle J.M. de Vreede, Menno V. Huisman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

We investigated whether the clinical criteria used in the Hestia study for selection of pulmonary embolism (PE) patients for outpatient treatment could discriminate PE patients with high and low risk for adverse clinical outcome. We performed a cohort study with PE patients who were triaged with 11 criteria for outpatient treatment. Patients not eligible for outpatient treatment were treated in hospital. Study outcomes were recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding and all-cause mortality during 3 months. In total, 530 patients were included, of which 297 were treated at home. In the outpatient group, six patients (2.0%, 95% CI 0.7–4.3%) had recurrent venous thromboembolism versus nine in-patients (3.9%, 95% CI 1.9–7.0%). Three patients (1.0%, 95% CI 0.2–2.9) died during the 3-months follow-up in the outpatient group versus 22 patients (9.6%, 95% CI 6.3–14) in the in-patient group (p&lt;0.05). None of the outpatients died as a result of fatal PE versus five (2.2%) in-patients (p&lt;0.05). In the outpatient group, 0.7% (95% CI 0.08–2.4) had major bleeding events versus 4.8% (95% CI 2.4–8.4) of in-patients (p&lt;0.05). This study showed that the Hestia criteria can discriminate PE patients with low risk from patients with high risk for adverse clinical outcome. The low-risk patients can safely be treated at home.
Asthma and cigarette smoking
Authors: N.C. Thomson, R. Chaudhuri, E. Livingston
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

In most developed countries ∼25% of adults with asthma are current cigarette smokers. Asthma and active cigarette smoking interact to cause more severe symptoms, accelerated decline in lung function, and impaired short-term therapeutic response to corticosteroids. Cigarette smoking may modify inflammation that is associated with asthma, although there is limited published data on airway pathology in smokers with asthma. To date, the evidence points towards a combination of both heightened and suppressed inflammatory responses in smokers compared with nonsmokers with asthma. The mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance in asthmatic smokers are unexplained, but could be as a result of alterations in airway inflammatory cell phenotypes ( e.g. increased neutrophils or reduced eosinophils), changes in the glucocorticoid receptor-α to -β ratio ( e.g. overexpression of glucocorticoid receptor β), and increased activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors ( e.g. nuclear factor-κB) or reduced histone deacetylase activity. In conclusion, every effort should be made to encourage asthmatics who smoke to stop, although the effects of smoking cessation upon reversing the adverse effects of tobacco smoke on asthma control, therapeutic response to corticosteroids and airway pathology have yet to be fully elucidated. Alternative or additional therapies to inhaled corticosteroids are needed for asthmatic patients who are unable to quit smoking.
Day–night variations in endothelial dysfunction markers and haemostatic factors in sleep apnoea
Authors: A. Barceló, J. Piérola, M. de la Peña, C. Esquinas, M. Sanchez-de la Torre, O. Ayllón, A. Alonso, A.G.N. Agusti, F. Barbè
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Patients with sleep apnoea have a significant alteration in the day-night pattern of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death observed in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sleep apnoea on the diurnal variations in various haemostatic parameters (factor VII, von Willebrand factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1) and markers of endothelial dysfunction (asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L)). We studied 26 male patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS; 13 patients with severe OSAS (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) >30 events · h(-1)) and 13 patients with mild-to-moderate OSAS (AHI <30 events · h(-1))) and 12 controls of similar body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. In each subject, six different samples were obtained over 24 h. Although all the markers values tended to be higher in patients with severe OSAS, differences did not reach statistical significance at any time. PAI-1 levels were significantly related to BMI (p<0.001), mean (p<0.001) and minimal (p = 0.047) nocturnal oxygenation saturation. ADMA levels were significantly related to arousal index (p = 0.046). The results of this study suggest that day-night variations in factor VII:antigen (Ag), von Willebrand factor:Ag, PAI-1, sCD40L and ADMA levels may be dependent on either the obesity index or metabolic dysfunction rather than on sleep apnoea alone.
Relationship of ergometer-specific VO2 max and muscle enzymes to blood lactate during submaximal exercise.
Authors: I Jacobs, B Sjödin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

This study compared the relationship of maximum oxygen uptake and skeletal muscle enzyme activities to the submaximal exercise intensity eliciting 4 mM blood lactate (OBLA). Twelve subjects performed both cycle (Cy) and treadmill (Tr) submaximal exercise with step-wise increments each fourth minute. Blood lactate concentration and oxygen uptake (VO2) were determined during the final minute of each step. Peak VO2 during exhaustive exercise was also measured on each ergometer. Biopsies were taken from the gastrocnemius (gast) and vastus lateralis (vl) muscles as representatives of muscles recruited during Tr and Cy exercise, respectively. Citrate synthase (CS), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were assayed. Peak VO2 was 10% greater and the VO2 at OBLA was 16% greater during Tr compared to Cy exercise. The percent of peak VO2 at OBLA was 85% and 79% for Tr and Cy exercise, respectively. The absolute enzyme activities were not different in the two muscles, however the ratio LDH/CS was greater in the vl than in the gast. The results indicate that the absolute differences between Cy and Tr exercise in peak VO2 are not commensurate with the differences in the relative exercise intensity at which OBLA occurs.
Chronic Inflammation Promotes Retinoblastoma Protein Hyperphosphorylation and E2F1 Activation
Authors: Lei Ying, Jillian Marino, S. Perwez Hussain, Mohammed A. Khan, Shaojin You, Anne B. Hofseth, Glennwood E. Trivers, Dan A. Dixon, Curtis C. Harris, Lorne J. Hofseth
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Chronic inflammation contributes to tumorigenesis. The retinoblastoma protein (pRb), in its hyperphosphorylated form, releases E2 promoter binding factor-1 (E2F1), which drives cell proliferation. Here, we show that pRb is hyperphosphorylated in both mouse and human colitis. In turn, pRb hyperphosphorylation is associated with release of E2F1 from pRb, resulting in the activation of E2F1 target molecules involved in proliferation and apoptosis. These observations provide insight into the in vivo mechanisms associated with chronic colon inflammation and increased colon cancer risk.
Long-Term <i>N</i>-Acetylcysteine and <scp>l</scp>-Arginine Administration Reduces Endothelial Activation and Systolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Valentino Martina, Andi Masha, Valentina Ramella Gigliardi, Loredana Brocato, Enzo Manzato, Arrigo Berchio, Paola Massarenti, Fabio Settanni, Lara Della Casa, Stefania Bergamini, Anna Iannone
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Reactive oxygen and nitric oxide (NO) have recently been considered to be involved in the cardiovascular complications of patients with type 2 diabetes, as NO is thought to lose its beneficial physiological effects in the presence of oxygen radicals. For this reason, we tested the effects of l-arginine (ARG) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration in increasing NO bioavailability by reducing free radical formation.A double-blind study was performed on 24 male patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension divided into two groups of 12 patients that randomly received either an oral supplementation of placebo or NAC + ARG for 6 months.The NAC + ARG treatment caused a reduction of both systolic (P < 0.05) and diastolic (P < 0.05) mean arterial blood pressure, total cholesterol (P < 0.01), LDL cholesterol (P < 0.005), oxidized LDL (P < 0.05), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (P < 0.05), intracellular adhesion molecule (P < 0.05), vascular cell adhesion molecule (P < 0.01), nitrotyrosine (P < 0.01), fibrinogen (P < 0.01), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (P < 0.05), and an improvement of the intima-media thickness during endothelial postischemic vasodilation (P < 0.02). HDL cholesterol increased (P < 0.05). No changes in other parameters studied were observed.NAC + ARG administration seems to be a potential well-tolerated antiatherogenic therapy because it improves endothelial function in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes by improving NO bioavailability via reduction of oxidative stress and increase of NO production. Our study's results give prominence to its potential use in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention in these patients.
Novel approach to antibiotic prophylaxis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG): randomised controlled trial
Authors: J. Blomberg, P. Lagergren, L. Martin, F. Mattsson, J. Lagergren
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate a new and simpler strategy of antibiotic prophylaxis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). <b>Design</b> Single centre, two arm, randomised, controlled, double blind clinical trial. <b>Setting</b> Endoscopy unit in Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, between 3 June 2005 and 31 October 2009. <b>Participants</b> 234 patients with an indication for PEG who gave informed consent to participate. <b>Intervention</b> A single 20 ml dose of the oral solution of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (also known as co-trimoxazole or Bactrim; F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland) deposited in the PEG catheter immediately after insertion. The control group received standard prophylaxis consisting of a single intravenous dose of 1.5 g cefuroxime (Zinacef; GlaxoSmithKline, London) administered before insertion of the PEG tube. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically evident wound infection within 14 days after insertion of the PEG catheter. Secondary outcomes were positive bacterial culture and blood tests (highly sensitive C reactive protein and white blood cell count). All randomised patients were included in an intention to treat analysis. <b>Results</b> Of the 234 patients included in this study, 116 were randomly assigned to co-trimoxazole and 118 to cefuroxime. At follow-up 7-14 days after insertion of the PEG catheter, wound infection was found in 10 (8.6%) patients in the co-trimoxazole group and 14 (11.9%) in the cefuroxime group, which corresponds to a percentage point difference of −3.3% (95% confidence interval −10.9% to 4.5%). The per protocol analysis, which comprised 100 patients in each group, gave similar results—10% and 13% infection in the co-trimoxazole and cefuroxime groups, respectively (percentage point difference −3.0%, 95% CI −11.8% to 5.8%). Both these analyses indicate non-inferiority of co-trimoxazole compared with cefuroxime because the upper bounds of the confidence intervals are lower than the pre-determined non-inferiority margin of 15%. Analyses of the secondary outcomes supported this finding. <b>Conclusion</b> 20 ml of co-trimoxazole solution deposited in a newly inserted PEG catheter is at least as effective as cefuroxime prophylaxis given intravenously before PEG at preventing wound infections in patients undergoing PEG. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN18677736.
Acute hypoxia simultaneously induces the expression of gp91phox and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the porcine pulmonary artery
Authors: S Muzaffar
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> The effect of hypoxia on the formation of superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), the expression of gp91<sup>phox</sup> and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were studied in pig intact pulmonary artery (PA) segments and PA vascular smooth muscle cells (PAVSMCs) and PA endothelial cells (PAECs). <b>Methods:</b> Segments and cells were incubated under hypoxic conditions for 2 hours (with or without enzyme inhibitors) and the formation of O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> measured spectrophotometrically. Protein expression was assessed using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. <b>Results:</b> Hypoxia promoted the formation of O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> in PA segments, PAVSMCs and PAECs, an effect inhibited by diphenylene iodonium and apocynin (NAD[P]H oxidase inhibitors). Hypoxia induced O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> formation was enhanced by inhibition of eNOS and augmented by endotoxin and cytokines and re-oxygenation. Hypoxia also promoted the expression of gp91<sup>phox</sup> and eNOS. In intact PA segments hypoxia induced the expression of nitrotyrosine and eNOS in the endothelium. <b>Conclusions:</b> The simultaneous upregulation of NAD[P]H oxidase and eNOS in response to hypoxia in the PA results in the simultaneous formation of O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO, and ONOO<sup>−</sup>. This may represent either a protective mechanism designed to counter the pro-oxidant effect of hypoxia or a novel pathological mechanism underlying the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Systematic review to determine whether participation in a trial influences outcome
Authors: Gunn Elisabeth Vist, Kâre Birger Hagen, P J Devereaux, Dianne Bryant, Doris Tove Kristoffersen, Andrew David Oxman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To systematically compare the outcomes of participants in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with those in comparable non-participants who received the same or similar treatment. <b>Data sources</b> Bibliographic databases, reference lists from eligible articles, medical journals, and study authors. <b>Review methods</b> RCTs and cohort studies that evaluated the clinical outcomes of participants in RCTs and comparable non-participants who received the same or similar treatment. <b>Results</b> Five RCTs (six comparisons) and 50 cohort studies (85 comparisons) provided data on 31 140 patients treated in RCTs and 20 380 comparable patients treated outside RCTs. In the five RCTs, in which patients were given the option of participating or not, the comparisons provided limited information because of small sample sizes (a total of 412 patients) and the nature of the questions considered. 73 dichotomous outcomes were compared, of which 59 reported no statistically significant differences. For patients treated within RCTs, 10 comparisons reported significantly better outcomes and four reported significantly worse outcomes. Significantly heterogeneity was found (I<sup>2</sup> = 89%) among the comparisons of 73 dichotomous outcomes; none of our a priori explanatory factors helped explain this heterogeneity. The 18 comparisons of continuous outcomes showed no significant differences in heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 0%). The overall pooled estimate for continuous outcomes of the effect of participating in an RCT was not significant (standardised mean difference 0.01, 95% confidence interval −0.10 to 0.12). <b>Conclusion</b> No strong evidence was found of a harmful or beneficial effect of participating in RCTs compared with receiving the same or similar treatment outside such trials.
MASS OF HAIR FOUND IN THE STOMACH
Authors: G. May
Journal: BMJ (1855)

taned on the stomach, and produced two or three copious evacuations from the hitherto constipated bowels.July 6th.There has been scarcely any vomiting since the last report; but he has occasional attacks of pain, lasting an hour or two.They do not, however, exhibit any appreciable connexion with the scanty meals mentioned above; but occur indifferently before and after the ingestion of this food.On one occasion, he has brought up about a teaspoonful of blood, with about a quarter of a pint of an acid fluid.Tongue still furred as before.Ordered to vary the preceding diet, by substitutinig ground rice, sago, and tapioca, for the arrow-root.July 10th.He has had very little pain in the epigas- trium since the last report, though the pain in the spiine is somewhat increased.Complains of the monotony of his diet.Ordered to take a small quantity of strong cold beef-tea; and repeat it twice or even thrice daily, if well borne by the stomach.A blister to be applied to the
Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Expression of ERβ1, ERβ2, and ERβ5 Identifies Distinct Prognostic Outcome for Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Abeer M. Shaaban, Andrew R. Green, Suchita Karthik, Yalda Alizadeh, Thomas A. Hughes, Lynn Harkins, Ian O. Ellis, John F. Robertson, Emma C. Paish, Philippa T.K. Saunders, Nigel P. Groome, Valerie Speirs
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Previous conflicting results about the prognostic significance of estrogen receptor (ER)-β in breast cancer may be explained by contribution of isoforms, of which five exist. Our aim was to elucidate the prognostic significance of ERβ1, ERβ2, and ERβ5 by immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of breast carcinomas with long-term follow-up. Experimental Design: Tissue microarrays were stained with ERβ1, ERβ2, and ERβ5 antibodies and scored as percentage of positive tumor cells and using the Allred system. Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was evaluated and correlated with histopathologic characteristics, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Nuclear ERβ2 and ERβ5, but not ERβ1, significantly correlated with OS (P = 0.006, P = 0.039, and P = 0.099, respectively), and ERβ2 additionally with DFS (P = 0.013). ERβ2 also predicted response to endocrine therapy (P = 0.036); correlated positively with ERα, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, and BRCA1; and correlated inversely with metastasis and vascular invasion. Tumors coexpressing ERβ2 and ERα had better OS and DFS. Cytoplasmic ERβ2 expression, alone or combined with nuclear staining, predicted significantly worse OS. Notably, patients with only cytoplasmic ERβ2 expression had significantly worse outcome (P = 0.0014). Conclusions: This is the first study elucidating the prognostic role of ERβ1, ERβ2, and ERβ5 in a large breast cancer series. ERβ2 is a powerful prognostic indicator in breast cancer, but nuclear and cytoplasmic expression differentially affect outcome. Measuring these in clinical breast cancer could provide a more comprehensive picture of patient outcome, complementing ERα.
Healthcare professional attitudes towards asthma guidelines in primary care
Authors: Jean Holohan, Louis Coyne, Francis Guiney, Pat Manning, Basil Elnazir, Eamonn Shanahan, Terry O'Connor, Muireann Ni Chroinin, Netta Williams, Rhonda Forsythe, Pamela Logan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Implementation of guidelines in primary care can be challenging but are essential to reduce the burden of asthma for patients and health service providers and to reduce morbidity and mortality and to deliver cost effective care.  The Asthma Society of Ireland (ASI) in conjunction with the Irish College of General Practitioners (ICGP) locally adapted the GINA Guidelines as a first step to providing guidelines based asthma management in primary care. The ASI funded and developed a guideline based program to evaluate healthcare professional (HCP) attitudes to these guidelines and ensure user buy in prior to national implementation.  25 primary care teams participated in the program. The HCP completed guideline based education and practical training. Patients were recruited to follow the asthma management program for 6 months. HCP were asked to evaluate both educational and training components and practical resources provided for the program. Attitudes towards guideline implementation were evaluated using a 5 point Likert Scale.  Final analysis of HCP survey in response to the locally modified guideline (89% response rate) showed guidelines were easy to follow (92.7%), helped with decision making (87.9%), improved teamwork (73.1%), improved the referral process (70.8%), improved patient care (92.7%), reduced inappropriate variation in management (77.5%), facilitated cost effective care (70.7%).  HCP in primary care agree that guideline based management is an integral component to implementation of best practice asthma management. The Irish Health Service Executive has incorporated the locally modified guideline and associated asthma education program into the core components of the new National Asthma Program.
Abdominal distension in a patient with Crohn's disease
Authors: C-H Tseng, K-L Liu, J-M Liou, H-P W, M-S Wu
Journal: Gut (2009)

A 52-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to progressive abdominal distention and right lower quadrant pain for 1 week. Reviewing his history, he had had Crohn’s disease …