tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pneumonectomy with Immediate Thoracoplasty in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: G. Cruickshank, None El Papamichael
Journal: Thorax (1951)

This is a preliminary report of 15 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis treated by pneumonectomy and immediate thoracoplasty.Though lung resection in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis has become a relatively safe operation as regards the mortality rate, complications are still frequent.In spite of skilful operative technique, careful selection of cases, and the use of antibiotics, the complications of bronchopleural fistula and empyema occur.Bailey, Glover, and O'Neill (1949) reported 202 cases of lung resection for pulmonary tuberculosis, of which 102 were operated on without streptomycin and 100 under streptomycin cover.Of the 102 cases which were operated on without streptomycin, 27 died, 13 developed an empyema, 14 a bronchopleural fistula, and only 49 remained well with negative sputa.Of the other 100 cases treated with streptomycin, 16 died, three developed an empyema, four a bronchopleural fistula, and 77 remained sputum-negative.Moore, Murphy, and Elrod (1949) reported 74 cases with six deaths (8%), four empyemas (5%), four bronchopleural fistulae (5%), with 64 conversions of sputum.Selikoff and Tchertkoff (1949) in 125 cases reported 20 deaths (16%), 13 empyemas (10%), 12 bronchopleural fistulae (9%), and 96 conversions of sputum.Holmes Sellors and Hickey (1949) in 78 cases had 11 deaths (14%), five empyemas (6%), and five bronchopleural fistulae.Day, Tuttle, O'Brien, Hampton, and Jackson (1950) in 202 cases reported 25 deaths (12%), 27 empyemas (13.%), and 27 bronchopleural fistulae (13%).In the Leicester Chest Unit, in 100 cases of resection for pulmonary tuberculosis followed up for a period of six months to three years, there were six deaths, eight empyemas, seven bronchopleural fistulae, and 87 remained sputum-negative.In these 100 cases are included three pneumonectomies which had an immediate thoracoplasty (one-stage operation) without any post-operative complications.Thus the complications of empyema and bronchopleural fistula have been diminished since streptomycin became available.But still these post-operative complications are the main hazards in resection for pulmonary tuberculosis.The fate of the pleural space after pneumonectomy was the main concern in the early days of lung resection.The first pneumonectomy was done on October 10, 1911, for a malignant growth of the lung by Kummell.Kiimmell did a tourniquet pneumonectomy with a thoracoplasty at the same time, and closed the wound by on August 20, 2023 by guest.
Improved Outcome of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With High WBC Counts Over the Last 15 Years: The European APL Group Experience
Authors: Charikleia Kelaidi, Sylvie Chevret, Stéphane De Botton, Emmanuel Raffoux, Agnès Guerci, Xavier Thomas, Arnaud Pigneux, Thierry Lamy, Françoise Rigal-Huguet, Sandrine Meyer-Monard, Patrice Chevallier, Frédéric Maloisel, Erick Deconinck, Augustin Ferrant, Nathalie Fegueux, Norbert Ifrah, Miguel Sanz, Hervé Dombret, Pierre Fenaux, Lionel Adès
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with pretreatment WBC counts greater than 10,000/μL is still considered to carry a poorer prognosis than APL with WBC lower than 10,000/mL. We evaluated outcome improvement in such patients in recent years. Patients and Methods Nine hundred two patients with APL, including 204 patients and 68 patients with WBC counts more than 10,000/μL and more than 50,000/μL, respectively, were enrolled between 1993 and 2005 in two successive randomized trials of the European APL group (APL 93 and APL 2000) that tested, in particular, the modalities of combination of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy, maintenance treatment, escalating doses of cytarabine, early administration of dexamethasone, and CNS prophylaxis. Results Between the APL 93 and 2000 trials, the complete response (CR) rate increased from 89.6% to 93%, and the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) decreased from 40% to 9.5% in patients with WBC counts of 10,000 to 50,000/μL. In patients with WBC counts more than 50,000/μL, the CR rate increased from 82% to 91%, and 5-year CIR decreased from 59% to 24%. Whereas in the APL 93 trial, increased WBC counts were significantly associated with higher CIR and shorter survival, this was not the case in the APL 2000 trial. In patients with increased WBC counts, enrollment onto the APL 2000 trial (v APL 93) and combined maintenance with ATRA and chemotherapy were associated with significantly lower CIR and better survival. Conclusion Outcome of APL with high WBC count has markedly improved over the years as a result of fewer early deaths and fewer relapses. Better initial supportive care and combined maintenance treatment have contributed to this improvement.
Textbook of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Authors: N Meadows
Journal: Gut (2006)

Edited by S Gaundolini. London: Taylor and Francis, 2004, pp 804. ISBN 1-84184-315-6.

In his preface to this book, Professor Gaundolini states that his ambition in the creation of this text is to produce a book with a global flavour; to reflect scientifically correct and updated information but also to focus on the different problems that we face in different parts of the world. In order to …
Impact of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents on Outcome in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Issam Moussa, Martin B. Leon, Donald S. Baim, William W. O’Neill, Jeffery J. Popma, Maurice Buchbinder, Jay Midwall, Charles A. Simonton, Emily Keim, Patrick Wang, Richard E. Kuntz, Jeffrey W. Moses
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Randomized clinical trials have shown that a sirolimus-eluting stent significantly reduces restenosis after percutaneous coronary revascularization. Diabetic patients are known to have a higher risk of restenosis compared with nondiabetic patients. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the impact of sirolimus-eluting stents on outcomes of diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients.The SIRIUS (SIRolImUS-coated Bx Velocity balloon-expandable stent in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions) trial is a randomized, double-blind study that compared sirolimus-eluting and bare metal stent implantation in 1058 patients with de novo native coronary artery lesions. Diabetes mellitus was present in 279 (26%) patients (diabetes mellitus group, 131 patients received sirolimus-eluting stents and 148 patients received bare metal stents) and was absent in 778 patients (no-diabetes mellitus group, 402 patients received sirolimus-eluting stents and 376 patients received bare metal stents). At 270 days, target lesion revascularization was reduced in diabetic patients from 22.3% with bare metal stents to 6.9% with sirolimus-eluting stents (P<0.001) and in nondiabetic patients from 14.1% to 2.99% (P<0.001), respectively. Major adverse cardiac events were reduced in diabetic patients from 25% with bare metal stents to 9.2% with sirolimus-eluting stents (P<0.001) and from 16.5% to 6.5% (P<0.001) in nondiabetic patients, respectively.Implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents compared with bare metal stents in de novo coronary lesions reduces major adverse cardiac events in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. However, among patients receiving sirolimus-eluting stents, there remains a trend toward a higher frequency of repeat intervention in diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic patients, particularly in the insulin-requiring patients.
Inflammation in an individual joint predicts damage to that joint in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: L. Cresswell, V. Chandran, V. T. Farewell, D. D. Gladman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> The authors have previously reported on the relationship between activity and subsequent damage at the patient level for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The aim of this study was to identify key predictors of damage to individual joints in the hands and feet of patients with PsA, in particular those that capture previous activity. <h3>Methods</h3> Data from patients followed prospectively at the University of Toronto PsA clinic between 1978 and 2006 were available for analysis. Logistic regression was used to relate the probability of a joint developing damage, within a specified time interval after the most recent clinic visit, to potential predictor variables. The predictor variables considered encompassed the history of disease activity of the joint and elsewhere, previous damage and the timing of clinical assessments. <h3>Results</h3> 511 patients with no hand damage at clinic entry and 552 patients with no foot damage at clinic entry were included in the analysis of the hand and foot joints, respectively. The analysis of the hand and foot joints demonstrated that the activity (tenderness and/or swelling) history of the specific joint is associated with subsequent damage. For the joints of the feet, activity observations elsewhere in the same foot, and in particular the same toe, were also shown to be associated with subsequent damage. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Both joint tenderness and swelling are important predictors of joint damage in PsA.
Effects of experience in a dynamic environment on postural control
Authors: D W Chapman, K J Needham, G T Allison, B Lay, D J Edwards
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Surfing is a balance-reliant, open skill performed in a dynamic environment rich in visual, somatosensory and vestibular information.To evaluate adaptations to the postural control system by surfing experience.Postural control was assessed in an upright bipedal stance in 60 male volunteers (21 elite surfers, 20 intermediate level surfers, and 19 controls) using various closed-stance positions. Six tasks were performed with two trials including a cognitive task, in the following order: eyes open, head in a neutral position (EO1); eyes closed, head in a neutral position (EC); eyes closed, head back (ECHB); eyes open, head in a neutral position, cognitive task 1 (EOC1); eyes open head in a neutral position, cognitive task 2 (EOC2); eyes open head in a neutral position (EO2). Dependent variables were area of 95th centile ellipse (AoE) and sway path length (SPL).All participants showed systematic increases in SPL and AoE in EC and ECHB trials. Expert surfers displayed significantly (p<0.05) increased SPL but not AoE when sharing attention with both concurrent mental tasks compared with controls. Controls showed a slight, non-significant change in postural control (reduced SPL and AoE) when attending to concurrent mental tasks.The findings indicate that standard postural sway indices are not able to elucidate whether expertise in surfing facilitates adaptations to the postural control system. However, concurrent mental task findings illustrate that systematic differences in balance abilities between expert surfers and controls may exist.
<i>BRAF</i> V600E mutation and the tumour suppressor IGFBP7 in atypical genital naevi
Authors: L.P. Nguyen, A. Emley, N. Wajapeyee, M.R. Green, M. Mahalingam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article BRAF V600E mutation and the tumour suppressor IGFBP7 in atypical genital naevi Get access L.P. Nguyen, L.P. Nguyen Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Emley, A. Emley Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Wajapeyee, N. Wajapeyee Program in Gene Function and Expression, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.R. Green, M.R. Green Program in Gene Function and Expression, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Mahalingam M. Mahalingam Dermatopathology Section, Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, U.S.A. Meera Mahalingam. E‐mail: mmahalin@bu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 3, 1 March 2010, Pages 677–680, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09558.x Published: 01 March 2010
Usefulness of Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein and Echocardiography in the Early Detection 5-Fluorouracil Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Turhan Turan, Mustafa Tarık Ağaç, Ali Rıza Akyüz, Selim Kul, Faruk Boyacı, Tayyar Gökdeniz, Levent Korkmaz, Hakan Erkan, İlker Gül, Ahmet Çağrı Aykan, Ramazan Akdemir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Immunoglobulin heavy chain expression shapes the B cell receptor repertoire in human B cell development
Authors: Eric Meffre, Michèle Milili, Carla Blanco-Betancourt, Henedina Antunes, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Claudine Schiff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Developing B cells must pass a series of checkpoints that are regulated by membrane-bound Ig(mu) through the Igalpha-Igbeta signal transducers. To determine how Ig(mu) expression affects B cell development and Ab selection in humans we analyzed Ig gene rearrangements in pro-B cells from two patients who are unable to produce Ig(mu) proteins. We find that Ig(mu) expression does not affect V(H), D, or J(H) segment usage and is not required for human Igkappa and Iglambda recombination or expression. However, the heavy and light chains found in pro-B cells differed from those in peripheral B cells in that they showed unusually long CDR3s. In addition, the Igkappa repertoire in Ig(mu)-deficient pro-B cells was skewed to downstream Jkappas and upstream Vkappas, consistent with persistent secondary V(D)J rearrangements. Thus, Ig(mu) expression is not required for secondary V(D)J recombination in pro-B cells. However, B cell receptor expression shapes the Ab repertoire in humans and is essential for selection against Ab's with long CDR3s.
Signal Transduction and Signal Modulation by Cell Adhesion Receptors: The Role of Integrins, Cadherins, Immunoglobulin-Cell Adhesion Molecules, and Selectins
Authors: A.E. Aplin, A. Howe, S.K. Alahari, R.L. Juliano
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1998)

Cell adhesion is critical for the genesis and maintenance of both three-dimensional structure and normal function in tissues. The biochemical entities mediating cell adhesion are multiprotein complexes comprising three broad classes of macromolecules: the adhesion receptors, the extracellular matrix
Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen of Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Promotes Angiogenesis through Targeting Notch Signaling Effector Hey1
Authors: Xing Wang, Zhiheng He, Tian Xia, Xiaofan Li, Deguang Liang, Xianzhi Lin, Hao Wen, Ke Lan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Notch signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma. Kaposi sarcoma is an angioproliferative neoplasm that originates from Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. Previously, we showed that the KSHV LANA protein can stabilize intracellular Notch in KSHV-infected tumor cells and promote cell proliferation. However, whether Notch signaling functions in pathologic angiogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma remains largely unknown. Hey1, an essential downstream effector of the Notch signaling pathway, has been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in vascular development. In the present study, we performed whole transcriptome, paired-end sequencing on three patient-matched clinical Kaposi sarcoma specimens and their corresponding adjacent stroma samples, with an average depth of 42 million reads per sample. Dll4, Hey1, and HeyL displayed significant upregulation in Kaposi sarcoma. Further verification based on immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that Hey1 was indeed highly expressed in Kaposi sarcoma lesions. Using the Matrigel plug assay, we showed that downregulation of Hey1 and γ-secretase inhibitor treatment caused dramatic reduction in the formation of new blood vessels in mice. Interestingly, LANA was responsible for the elevated level of Hey1 through inhibition of its degradation. Importantly, Hey1 stabilized by LANA promoted the neoplastic vasculature. Taken together, our data suggest that hijacking of the proangiogenic property of Hey1 by LANA is an important strategy utilized by KSHV to achieve pathologic angiogenesis and that Hey1 is a potential therapeutic target in Kaposi sarcoma.
Cardiotoxicity of Anticancer Drugs: The Need for Cardio-Oncology and Cardio-Oncological Prevention
Authors: Adriana Albini, Giuseppina Pennesi, Francesco Donatelli, Rosaria Cammarota, Silvio De Flora, Douglas M. Noonan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Due to the aging of the populations of developed countries and a common occurrence of risk factors, it is increasingly probable that a patient may have both cancer and cardiovascular disease. In addition, cytotoxic agents and targeted therapies used to treat cancer, including classic chemotherapeutic agents, monoclonal antibodies that target tyrosine kinase receptors, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and even antiangiogenic drugs and chemoprevention agents such as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, all affect the cardiovascular system. One of the reasons is that many agents reach targets in the microenvironment and do not affect only the tumor. Combination therapy often amplifies cardiotoxicity, and radiotherapy can also cause heart problems, particularly when combined with chemotherapy. In the past, cardiotoxic risk was less evident, but it is increasingly an issue, particularly with combination therapy and adjuvant therapy. Today's oncologists must be fully aware of cardiovascular risks to avoid or prevent adverse cardiovascular effects, and cardiologists must now be ready to assist oncologists by performing evaluations relevant to the choice of therapy. There is a need for cooperation between these two areas and for the development of a novel discipline, which could be termed cardio-oncology or onco-cardiology. Here, we summarize the potential cardiovascular toxicities for a range of cancer chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents and emphasize the importance of evaluating cardiovascular risk when patients enter into trials and the need to develop guidelines that include collateral effects on the cardiovascular system. We also discuss mechanistic pathways and describe several potential protective agents that could be administered to patients with occult or overt risk for cardiovascular complications.
Exhaled nitric oxide in patients with Wegener′s granulomatosis
Authors: M. Haubitz, T Busch, M Gerlach, S Schäfer, R. Brunkhorst, K Falke, M. Koch, H Gerlach
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

In Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), a pathogenic role of infections, in particular of a chronic colonization of the nasal mucosa with Staphylococcus aureus, has been postulated. Nitric oxide (NO), which is thought to play a role in primary host defence and inflammation, is produced endogenously within the respiratory tract, mainly from the paranasal sinuses. In order to further characterize its role in WG, nasal and pulmonary NO excretion in WG patients in comparison to healthy volunteers was measured. Seventeen patients with WG were included in the study. Five patients had active disease (bloody rhinitis with ulceration and crusting) and immunosuppressive therapy (IST), and 12 were in remission (six with, and six without, IST). S. aureus was found in the swabs of all patients with active WG and in three patients in remission. NO was measured in exhaled gas using a chemiluminescence analyser. The NO excretion rate in nasally sampled gas was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in patients with active WG ((mean+/-SD)102+/-100 nL x min(-1)) compared to healthy controls (299+/-13 nL x min(-1)), and patients in remission (281+/-86 nL x min(-1) with IST, 280+/-133 nL x min(-1) without IST). Pulmonary NO excretion in active or nonactive WG patients did not significantly differ from that of healthy volunteers (48+/-21 nL x min(-1)). These results demonstrate a reduced nasal NO excretion in active Wegener's granulomatosis. This may be caused by destruction and/or functional impairment of sinus epithelium. The reduced NO concentration may well compromise host defence in the upper airways, thus contributing to colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and further promoting Wegener's granulomatosis.
Tracheal laceration with massive subcutaneous emphysema: a rare complication of endotracheal intubation.
Authors: D A Orta, J E Cousar, B M Yergin, G N Olsen
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Our patient sustained a laceration of the membranous portion of the trachea associated with massive subcutaneous emphysema after an apparently uneventful intubation. The patient was successfully operated on within seven hours. The importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment in the event of this rare complicatoin and the different causative factors are discussed.
Interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the cardiac natriuretic peptide system
Authors: A LUCHNER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the cardiac natriuretic peptide system (NPS) are fundamentally important neurohumoral systems for cardiovascular regulation. Their mutual interactions have been subject to numerous experimental and human studies. In the current manuscript, results from in vivo and in vitro studies will be reviewed with a focus on sympathetic outflow on the control of natriuretic peptide release.
Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients
Authors: Yves Gillet, Bertrand Issartel, Philippe Vanhems, Jean-Christophe Fournet, Gerard Lina, Michèle Bes, François Vandenesch, Yves Piémont, Nicole Brousse, Daniel Floret, Jerome Etienne
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Elective versus symptomatic antibiotic treatment in cystic fibrosis patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection of the lungs
Authors: Joseph Elborn, R.J. Prescott, B.H.R. Stack, M.C. Goodchild, J. Bates, C. Pantin, N. Ali, D.J. Shale, M. Crane
Journal: Thorax (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> A previous retrospective study suggested that a policy of regular anti-pseudomonal antibiotic treatment improved pulmonary function and increased survival in patients with cystic fibrosis chronically infected with <i>Pseudomonas </i>species. The results of a prospective multicentre study to compare the effects on pulmonary function and mortality of three monthly elective anti-pseudomonal antibiotic treatment with conventional symptomatic treatment are reported. <h3>METHODS</h3> Sixty patients with cystic fibrosis, chronically infected with <i>P aeruginosa</i>, were randomised to the two treatment arms (elective or symptomatic) and followed clinically at yearly reviews. The major end points were changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Survival was a secondary end point. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Patients in the symptomatic group received a mean of three antibiotic treatments each year and those in the elective group received four antibiotic treatments during each year of the study. No significant differences in FEV<sub>1</sub> and FVC were found between the two groups after three years. There was a statistically non-significant higher rate of deaths in the elective group (n = 4), three of which were associated with<i>B cepacia</i> infection, compared with the symptomatic group (n = 0). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> This study did not demonstrate an advantage of a policy of elective antibiotic treatment over symptomatic treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis chronically infected with <i>Pseudomonas</i>species.