tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suicidal behavior and risk factors among runaway youths
Authors: M J Rotheram-Borus
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The goal of this study was to describe suicide attempts and risk factors among runaway adolescents.A structured interview format was used to assess suicidal behavior and suicide-related risk factors among a consecutive series of 576 predominantly black or Hispanic runaway adolescents at intake into four publicly funded runaway programs in New York City over a 2-year period. There were no significant differences in age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, or socioeconomic status among the adolescents at the four runaway program sites.Thirty-seven percent of the youths had previously attempted suicide, and 44% of the attempters had made an attempt within the previous month. Females were significantly more likely than males to have attempted suicide and to be depressed. Male runaways were far more likely to have attempted suicide than nonrunaway male adolescents described in previously published reports. Runaways with histories of attempting suicide were significantly more likely to be currently suicidal and depressed.This study indicates the need for systematic screening of runaway adolescents for suicidal ideation at residential shelters for youths.
Extramedullary Myeloid Sarcoma With Eosinophilia and FIP1L1-Pdgfra Rearrangement: Complete Cytogenetic Response To Imatinib Therapy
Authors: Zoltan Matrai, Hajnalka Andrikovics, Judit Csomor, Botond Timár, András Kozma, Attila Tordai, Tamas Masszi
Journal: Blood (2013)
Allergen-Induced Increase in Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Airways of Mild Asthmatics
Authors: Ruchong Chen, Steven G. Smith, Brittany Salter, Amani El-Gammal, John-Paul Oliveria, Caitlin Obminski, Richard Watson, Paul M. O'Byrne, Gail M. Gauvreau, Roma Sehmi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
The Development of Human Megakaryocytes: III. Development of Mature Megakaryocytes From Highly Purified Committed Progenitors in Synthetic Culture Media and Inhibition of Thrombopoietin-Induced Polyploidization by Interleukin-3
Authors: Alexandr Dolzhanskiy, Ross S. Basch, Simon Karpatkin
Journal: Blood (1997)
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer With Aggressive Subclinical Extension in Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: Silvia Soohyun Song, Alina Goldenberg, Arisa Ortiz, Sasima Eimpunth, Gagik Oganesyan, Shang I Brian Jiang
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Immunosuppression (IS), such as in solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) and patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hematologic malignant neoplasms, increases the risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). However, it is unknown whether IS patients are at increased risk of developing NMSCs with aggressive subclinical extensions (NMSC-ASE), which may extend aggressively far beyond conventional surgical margins. <h3>Objective</h3> To study clinical characteristics of NMSC-ASE among immunocompetent (IC) and various subgroups of IS patients and to suggest a predictive model for NMSC-ASE lesions. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A 6-year retrospective review of 2998 NMSC cases between February 26, 2007, and February 17, 2012, at the Dermatologic and Mohs Micrographic Surgery Unit of the University of California, San Diego, Medical Center. Nonmelanoma skin cancers that required at least 3 Mohs micrographic surgery stages with final surgical margins of at least 10 mm were defined as ASE lesions. All cases were categorized into 1 of 2 groups, IS or IC. Immunosuppressed cases were further subcategorized into 3 subgroups: SOTRs and patients with HIV or hematologic malignant neoplasm. The data were analyzed in December 2012. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> We evaluated the odds ratio of having NMSC-ASE lesions in IS patients (SOTRs, HIV, hematologic malignant neoplasm) compared with IC patients. Other clinical characteristics and preoperative risks were analyzed and compared. <h3>Results</h3> Of all 2998 cases, we identified 805 NMSC-ASE cases: 137 IS and 668 IC. Immunosuppressed patients had an odds ratio of 1.94 of having ASE lesions compared with IC patients (95% CI, 1.54-2.44;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Additionally, the SOTR subgroup was associated with a 2.74 odds of having NSMC-ASE compared with non-SOTRs (95% CI, 2.00-3.76;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and the presence of hematologic malignant neoplasm was associated with 1.74 times the odds compared with IC patients (95% CI, 1.04-2.90;<i>P</i> = .04)<i>.</i>Multivariate analysis found older age (<i>P</i> &lt; .001), lesion locations such as zone 1 (OR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.04-1.85];<i>P</i> = .02) or zone 2 (OR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.08-1.94];<i>P</i> = .01), and IS status (OR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.54-2.44];<i>P</i> &lt; <i>.</i>001) to be significant predictors of ASE. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings of this study suggest an increased risk for NMSC-ASE lesions in IS patients, especially in SOTRs and those with hematologic malignant neoplasm, but not patients with HIV. Statistically significant predictors of NMSC-ASE lesions such as age, location, and IS status can help physicians choose the most appropriate treatment modalities and optimize surgical planning.
News
Authors: J H Tanne
Journal: BMJ (1992)

A brief note on the status of the AIDS pandemic, from the Amsterdam VIIIth International Conference on AIDS, warns that the course of the epidemic is not being altered by prevention efforts. AIDS occurs in every country, usually spread by heterosexual contact, so that women are equally affected with men. WHO estimates that there are 2 million cases as of mid-1992, and that there will be 15-18 million by 2000. 90% of the expected cases by 2000 will be in developing countries, particularly in Africa. HIV is particularly widespread in central African cities, affecting as many as 38% of young people in Kigali, Rwanda. While the epidemic is spreading, the response to prevention efforts has reached a plateau, with no more evidence of effect from existing prevention programs. Unfortunately AIDS is being followed by an epidemic of tuberculosis. AIDS preferentially attacks the marginalized, stigmatized, and those of lesser status, such as women. In the US there are still 47,500 new cases annually, most in the South, and among blacks and Hispanics. Most Americans do not perceive themselves at risk, and ignore their cumulative lifetime risk.
Characterization of a major colon cancer susceptibility locus (Ccs3) on mouse chromosome 3.
Authors: C. Meunier, J. Cai, A. Fortin, T. Kwan, J. Marquis, C. Turbide, L. Van Der Kraak, S. Jothy, N. Beauchemin, P. Gros
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1548 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer for both men and women in North America (5% incidence in the general population). A small proportion (5-10%) of those cases have a hereditary component, the most severe manifestation of which presents as the two genetic syndromes: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC, also called Lynch syndrome). Most CRCs occur as sporadic cases with no link to familial history, and are thought to be due to a combination of low penetrance genes and environmental factors. Treatment of mice with the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) induces a number of lesions in the colon, including hyperplastic lesions, as well adenomas and carcinomas in situ. Inbred strains of mice show different responses to AOM-induced carcinogenesis. A/J mice are highly susceptible (S) and develop a greater number of hyperplastic lesions and tumors (15-70 tumors/mouse) than resistant (R) C57BL/6J mice (0-6 tumors/mouse). Methods: Using a set of 23 AcB and BcA recombinant congenic mouse strains derived from A/J (S) and B6 (R) parents, we observe that the number of hyperplastic lesions and tumors induced by AOM are under different genetic controls in AcB/BcA strains. Results: The multiplicity of AOM-induced tumors is controlled by a major locus that we have mapped on the distal portion of chromosome 3, to which we have given the temporary designation Colon cancer susceptibility locus 3 (Ccs3). B6 and A/J alleles at Ccs3 are associated with resistance and susceptibility, respectively. Haplotype analysis in key informative AcB/BcA strains restricts the size of the Ccs3 locus to a 14 Mb segment that contains 94 annotated genes. The expression level of all these genes in normal colon has been established by transcript profiling with microarrays, and has led to the identification of a subset of positional candidates that are expressed at high levels in this tissue. Conclusions: The 4q and 1p human chromosomal segments sharing syntenic homology with the mouse Ccs3 segment are known to be associated with inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal tumors in humans, suggesting that the study of the mouse Ccs3 locus may help further the pathogenesis of these human conditions. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Administration of 24-hour intravenous infusions of trabectedin every 3 weeks in ambulatory patients with mesenchymal tumors via disposable elastomeric pumps
Authors: P. Schoeffski, L. Cerbone, P. Wolter, M. Stas, H. Dumez, P. Clement, H. Wildiers, R. Paridaens, A. T. van Oosterom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e13530 Background: Patients (pts) with sarcoma whose disease progresses after standard chemotherapy have poor outcome. In this setting, DNA- transcription-interacting cytotoxic agent trabectedin (TRA) is efficacious and marketed in Europe. It is administered as 24-h i.v. infusion q3w with steroid co-medication. To overcome the inconvenience of hospitalization for drug delivery TRA is now given in Leuven via disposable elastomeric pumps, which facilitate ambulatory treatment and are compatible with the drug. Material and Methods: Heavily pre-treated pts with sarcoma were offered chemotherapy with TRA 1.5 mg/m 2 as 24-h i.v. infusion via port catheter, either during hospitalization using electronic pumps or as outpatients using the Baxter LV10 disposable pump (drug dissolved in 267 ml NaCl 0.9%). Co-medication consisted of antiemetics and dexamethasone 2x4 mg days -1,1,2,3. Results: Between 09/07–12/08 28 pts were treated, and 21 (75%) elected outpatient therapy (9 F, 12 M, med. age 49 yrs, range 19–68). Common diagnoses included leiomyo- (5), lipo- (4), synovial (2) and myxofibrosarcomas. Pts had previous primary surgery (17), adjuvant RT (4) and surgery for relapse/metastasis (7). They had local relapse (2), distant metastasis (12) or both (7) when starting TRA, 19 had received previous chemotherapy with a med. number of 2 prior lines (range, 0–5). We administered 130 cycles of TRA in 21 pts, with a med. number of 3 cycles/patient (range, 1–24). Dose reductions were done in 60 cycles, mainly due to laborabory events. Best response (RECIST) was 3 confirmed PR, 1 PR pending confirmation, 6 SD, 11 PD. Grade 3/4 (CTC) AEs were limited to one case each of hemorrhage and lung embolism, other AEs were in line with published TRA experience. One port catheter contamination required replacement, one catheter tip thrombosis occurred and one extravasation due to needle dislocation was observed. Conclusions: Outpatient administration of TRA as 24-h infusion via port catheter using Baxter LV10 pumps is preferred by 3/4 pts, is feasible, safe, effective, cost-efficient and should be considered routine practice in this clinical setting. [Table: see text]
Presence Of CD55- and/Or CD59-Deficient Erythrocytes In Patients With Rheumatic Diseases: An Immune-Mediated Phenomenon?
Authors: John V. Asimakopoulos, Evangelos Terpos, Loula Papageorgiou, Olga Kampouropoulou, Dimitrios Christoulas, Anastasios Giakoumis, George Vaiopoulos, Kostas Konstantopoulos, Maria K. Angelopoulou, Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos, John Meletis
Journal: Blood (2013)
Phase II study of sunitinib in iodine refractory, well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) and metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
Authors: B. Goulart, L. Carr, R. G. Martins, K. Eaton, E. Kell, S. Wallace, P. Capell, D. Mankoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

6062 Background: There is no standard treatment for metastatic, iodine-refractory, WDTC or MTC. Thyroid carcinomas are highly vascular tumors, providing a rationale for trials of antiangiogenic therapies in this setting. Sunitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic properties. We report preliminary results of a phase II trial of sunitinib in advanced WDTC and MTC. Methods: Patients were eligible if they had histologically confirmed metastatic, WDTC or MTC, an ECOG PS 0–3, evidence of FDG-PET avid tumors, and adequate organ function. Patients with WDTC must have evidence of disease refractory to iodine-based therapy. Treatment consisted of sunitinb 37.5 mg po daily until tumor progression or prohibitive toxicity. The primary end-point is response rate per RECIST criteria. Secondary end-points include FDG-PET scan response rate (defined as 20% reduction from baseline SUV) after 7 days of treatment, toxicity, overall survival, duration of response and time-to-tumor progression. Results: Eighteen patients (age 34–73 years) have been enrolled. Three patients (17%) have MTC; 15 patients (83%) have WDTC. FDG-PET was performed in 16 patients at baseline and after 7 days of study treatment. Seven of 16 (44%) patients had a FDG-PET response. All 7 patients have WDTC. Response rate at 3 months, according to RECIST criteria, is still being evaluated. Grade 3 toxicities included neutropenia in 5/18 (28%), leukopenia in 3/18 (17%), anemia in 1/18 (6%), thrombocytopenia in 1/18 (6%), fatigue in 2/18 (11%), hand-foot syndrome in 2/18 (11%), pain in 2/18 (11%), gastrointestinal bleeding in 2/18 (11%), diarrhea in 1/18 (6%), mucositis in 1/18 (6%), and atrial fibrillation in 1/18 (6%) of the patients. There have been no grade 4 toxicities. One patient on chronic lovenox therapy died of gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate that sunitinib is active and well-tolerated in WDTC. Accrual is ongoing. Correlations of FDG-PET changes and response rate by RECIST criteria will be performed. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pfizer Oncology
US Hospitals Prepare for Penis Transplants
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2016)

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Estimating Time-Varying PCB Exposures Using Person-Specific Predictions to Supplement Measured Values: A Comparison of Observed and Predicted Values in Two Cohorts of Norwegian Women
Authors: Therese Haugdahl Nøst, Knut Breivik, Frank Wania, Charlotta Rylander, Jon Øyvind Odland, Torkjel Manning Sandanger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundStudies on the health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) call for an understanding of past and present human exposure. Time-resolved mechanistic models may supplement information on concentrations in individuals obtained from measurements and/or statistical approaches if they can be shown to reproduce empirical data.ObjectivesHere, we evaluated the capability of one such mechanistic model to reproduce measured PCB concentrations in individual Norwegian women. We also assessed individual life-course concentrations.MethodsConcentrations of four PCB congeners in pregnant (n = 310, sampled in 2007–2009) and postmenopausal (n = 244, 2005) women were compared with person-specific predictions obtained using CoZMoMAN, an emission-based environmental fate and human food-chain bioaccumulation model. Person-specific predictions were also made using statistical regression models including dietary and lifestyle variables and concentrations.ResultsCoZMoMAN accurately reproduced medians and ranges of measured concentrations in the two study groups. Furthermore, rank correlations between measurements and predictions from both CoZMoMAN and regression analyses were strong (Spearman’s r &gt; 0.67). Precision in quartile assignments from predictions was strong overall as evaluated by weighted Cohen’s kappa (&gt; 0.6). Simulations indicated large inter-individual differences in concentrations experienced in the past.ConclusionsThe mechanistic model reproduced all measurements of PCB concentrations within a factor of 10, and subject ranking and quartile assignments were overall largely consistent, although they were weak within each study group. Contamination histories for individuals predicted by CoZMoMAN revealed variation between study subjects, particularly in the timing of peak concentrations. Mechanistic models can provide individual PCB exposure metrics that could serve as valuable supplements to measurements.CitationNøst TH, Breivik K, Wania F, Rylander C, Odland JØ, Sandanger TM. 2016. Estimating time-varying PCB exposures using person-specific predictions to supplement measured values: a comparison of observed and predicted values in two cohorts of Norwegian women. Environ Health Perspect 124:299–305; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409191
THU0523 Tocilizumab in Refractory Uveitis Associated to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Multicenter Study of 13 Cases
Authors: M. Santos Gόmez, V. Calvo-Río, R. Blanco, I. Calvo, O. Maíz, A. Atanes, B. Bravo, C. Modesto, G. Díaz Soriano, L. Riancho-Zarrabeitia, N. Palmaou-Fontana, M. Ά. González-Gay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the efficacy of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in refractory uveitis associated to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JiA). <h3>Methods</h3> Multicenter study of uveitis related to JiA and refractory to at least a) one standard synthetic immunosuppressive drug and, b) 1 anti-TNFα drug. <h3>Results</h3> We studied 13 patients/24 eyes (2 men/11 women) with a mean age of 20.38±9 years (range 8-38). The most frequent ocular pattern was anterior uveitis (n=11), bilateral (n=11), and chronic (n=13). Besides corticosteroids and before TCZ onset, they had received methotrexate (n=11), cyclosporine A (n=5), mycophenolate (n=1) and leflunomide (n=1). The first biologic treatment was: adalimumab (ADA) (n=6) (40 mg/sc/2 weeks), infliximab (IFX) (n=3) (5 mg/kg/i.v./every 6-8 weeks) and etanercept (ETN) (n=4). Before TCZ onset they had been switched to a second biologic drug (n=11) (most of them due to inefficacy), a third (n=5), a fourth (n=3) and even a fifth biologic therapy (n=1). The median of the duration of uveitis before the onset of TCZ was 122 months [IQR 42-178]. TCZ was used at a conventional dose (8 mg/kg/4 weeks) in most cases and combined in all cases (MTX=7, LFN=4, CsA=1, MMF=1). Improvement from baseline to 1 year was observed in: a) Visual acuity: from 0.46±0.35 to 0.52±0.37 (p=0.007); b) Anterior chamber cells from a median [IQR] of 1 [0.5-2] to 0 [0-0] (p=0.001), c) vitritis from 0 [0-1] to 0 [0-0] (p=0.06) and d) Macular thickness from a mean of 277±127 to 234±32 microns (p=0.04), and this allowed to taper corticosteroids from a mean of prednisone of 15±14 mg/day to 6±5 mg/day. After a mean follow-up of 15.2±8.3 months, ocular remission was achieved in 9 of 13 patients. The most severe adverse events of TCZ were severe thrombocytopenia (1), pneumonia (1), viral conjunctivitis and bullous impetigo (1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Tocilizumab seems to be effective in refractory uveitis related to JiA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Cardiac <i>Stim1</i> Silencing Impairs Adaptive Hypertrophy and Promotes Heart Failure Through Inactivation of mTORC2/Akt Signaling
Authors: Ludovic Bénard, Jae Gyun Oh, Marine Cacheux, Ahyoung Lee, Mathieu Nonnenmacher, Daniel S. Matasic, Erik Kohlbrenner, Changwon Kho, Catherine Pavoine, Roger J. Hajjar, Jean-Sébastien Hulot
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a dynamic calcium signal transducer implicated in hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. STIM1 is thought to act as an initiator of cardiac hypertrophic response at the level of the sarcolemma, but the pathways underpinning this effect have not been examined.To determine the mechanistic role of STIM1 in cardiac hypertrophy and during the transition to heart failure, we manipulated STIM1 expression in mice cardiomyocytes by using in vivo gene delivery of specific short hairpin RNAs. In 3 different models, we found that Stim1 silencing prevents the development of pressure overload-induced hypertrophy but also reverses preestablished cardiac hypertrophy. Reduction in STIM1 expression promoted a rapid transition to heart failure. We further showed that Stim1 silencing resulted in enhanced activity of the antihypertrophic and proapoptotic GSK-3β molecule. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 was sufficient to reverse the cardiac phenotype observed after Stim1 silencing. At the level of ventricular myocytes, Stim1 silencing or inhibition abrogated the capacity for phosphorylation of Akt(S473), a hydrophobic motif of Akt that is directly phosphorylated by mTOR complex 2. We found that Stim1 silencing directly impaired mTOR complex 2 kinase activity, which was supported by a direct interaction between STIM1 and Rictor, a specific component of mTOR complex 2.These data support a model whereby STIM1 is critical to deactivate a key negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. In cardiomyocytes, STIM1 acts by tuning Akt kinase activity through activation of mTOR complex 2, which further results in repression of GSK-3β activity.
Ovarian Hormones Increase Alternaria Extract Induced ILC2 Activation
Authors: Dawn C. Newcomb, Jacqueline-Yvonne Cephus, Matthew T. Stier, Melissa T. Bloodworth, Hubaida Fuseini, Weisong Zhou, Shinji Toki, R. Stokes Peebles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)