tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anogenital Distance and Penile Length in Infants with Hypospadias or Cryptorchidism:Comparison with Normative Data
Authors: Ajay Thankamony, Ngee Lek, Dan Carroll, Martyn Williams, David B. Dunger, Carlo L. Acerini, Ken K. Ong, Ieuan A. Hughes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Anogenital distance (AGD) in animals is a sensitive biomarker of fetal endocrine disruption and the associated testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). However, AGD in human infants with cryptorchidism and hypospadias, which are potential manifestations of TDS during childhood, is not clearly described.Objective: Our aim was to compare AGD in boys with cryptorchidism or hypospadias against normative data.Methods: Boys with isolated cryptorchidism (n = 71, age 13.4 ± 5.8 months) or hypospadias (n = 81, age 11.4 ± 6.2 months) were recruited from a tertiary center for measurement of AGD and penile length; they were compared with 487 healthy full-term boys from a birth cohort by deriving age-specific standard deviation scores (SDS).Results: Boys with cryptorchidism were older (p = 0.048) compared with boys with hypospadias. Boys with hypospadias had shorter mean AGD and penile length SDS than healthy boys (both p &lt; 0.0001). Mean AGD and penile length SDS values in boys with cryptorchidism were longer than mean values in boys with hypospadias (both p &lt; 0.01) and shorter than mean values in healthy boys (both p &lt; 0.0001). Mean penile length SDS decreased as the severity of hypospadias increased (ptrend = 0.078).Conclusions: In the study population, AGD and penile length were reduced in boys with hypospadias or cryptorchidism relative to normative data derived from a longitudinal birth cohort. The findings support the use of AGD as a quantitative biomarker to examine the prenatal effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors on the development of the male reproductive tract.Citation: Thankamony A, Lek N, Carroll D, Williams M, Dunger DB, Acerini CL, Ong KK, Hughes IA. 2014. Anogenital distance and penile length in infants with hypospadias or cryptorchidism: comparison with normative data. Environ Health Perspect 122:207–211; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307178
The Preconditioning Phenomenon
Authors: Derek M. Yellon, Ali Dana
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The possibility that an innate mechanism of myocardial protection might be inducible in the human heart has generated considerable excitement and enthusiastic research. The potential to enhance myocardial resistance to ischemic injury in patients suffering the consequences of coronary artery disease has led to studies with more direct clinical relevance. However, in common with many other areas of clinical interest based on advances in basic scientific understanding, early enthusiasm may be disproportionate to ultimate therapeutic significance. There can be little doubt that our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury has been enhanced significantly by the plethora of research stimulated by interest in endogenous myocardial protection. Direct extrapolation of observations in the laboratory to the cardiology clinic or operating theater is tempting but should be avoided. The results of recent clinical experiments that suggest that preconditioning can protect against ischemia, although encouraging, should be interpreted cautiously, with particular attention to the limitations of the end points available. A reasoned evaluation of recent research should prevent unrealistic expectations and allow improved design of future trials so that this potent adaptive phenomenon can be exploited to its maximum potential.
From ST segments to endothelial pathophysiology: hypercholesterolemia and endothelial superoxide production
Authors: David G. Harrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

As a young medical resident, I encountered a patient suffering from spontaneous coronary vasospasm and was puzzled by these dramatic alterations in vasomotion. This encounter piqued my interest in understanding the drivers of vascular reactivity. In a paper published in the JCI, my colleagues and I revealed a role for superoxide production in the vascular dysfunction associated with hypercholesterolemia. Subsequent work by our group and others has unveiled complex associations between ROS generation and vascular disease.
Endothelial expression of transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 and its vasoprotective target genes in the normal and cirrhotic rat liver
Authors: J. Gracia-Sancho, L. Russo, H. Garcia-Caldero, J. C. Garcia-Pagan, G. Garcia-Cardena, J. Bosch
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> The transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) modulates the expression of multiple endothelial vasoprotective genes. In the absence of KLF2, the endothelial phenotype becomes dysfunctional. To date, blood-derived shear stress is the main physiological stimulus identified to trigger and sustain endothelial KLF2 expression. Portal hypertension is a common complication of cirrhosis. Sinusoidal distortion and endothelial dysfunction play a significant role in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to assess whether abnormal intrahepatic haemodynamics in cirrhosis could modify KLF2 expression and consequently its downstream transcriptional programmes. <h3>Design</h3> Rats received carbon tetrachloride or vehicle for two (acute injury), six (early cirrhosis) and twelve weeks (advanced cirrhosis). Systemic and hepatic haemodynamic parameters were measured in vivo. Hepatic expression of KLF2 and its vasoprotective targets were determined. Additionally, KLF2 expression was determined in liver sections, in freshly-isolated hepatic endothelial cells, and in livers from simvastatin-treated cirrhotic animals. <h3>Results</h3> Cirrhotic livers have increased endothelial KLF2 expression compared with controls. KLF2 elevation, observed at six weeks of cirrhosis induction, was accompanied by a parallel increase in portal pressure and an increase in the expression of its target genes eNOS, thrombomodulin and CNP. Simvastatin administration further increased hepatic KLF2 and target genes expression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study shows an increase in the expression of the vasoprotective transcription factor KLF2 in the cirrhotic liver, accompanied by an activation of its downstream transcriptional programmes. These data suggest that the marked increase in KLF2 expression may represent an endothelial compensatory mechanism to improve the ongoing vascular dysfunction in the cirrhotic liver.
Prevalence of postherpetic neuralgia after a first episode of herpes zoster: prospective study with long term follow up
Authors: S. Helgason
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To estimate the frequency, duration, and clinical importance of postherpetic neuralgia after a single episode of herpes zoster. <b>Design:</b> Prospective cohort study with long term follow up. <b>Setting:</b> Primary health care in Iceland. <b>Participants:</b> 421 patients with a single episode of herpes zoster. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Age and sex distribution of patients with herpes zoster, point prevalence of postherpetic neuralgia, and severity of pain at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and up to 7.6 years after the outbreak of zoster. <b>Results:</b> Among patients younger than 60 years, the risk of postherpetic neuralgia three months after the start of the zoster rash was 1.8% (95% confidence interval 0.59% to 4.18%) and pain was mild in all cases. In patients 60 years and older, the risk of postherpetic neuralgia increased but the pain was usually mild or moderate. After three months severe pain was recorded in two patients older than 60 years (1.7%, 2.14% to 6.15%). After 12 months no patient reported severe pain and 14 patients (3.3%) had mild or moderate pain. Seven of these became pain free within two to seven years, and five reported mild pain and one moderate pain after 7.6 years of follow up. Sex was not a predictor of postherpetic neuralgia. Possible immunomodulating comorbidity (such as malignancy, systemic steroid use, diabetes) was present in 17 patients. <b>Conclusions:</b> The probability of longstanding pain of clinical importance after herpes zoster is low in an unselected population of primary care patients essentially untreated with antiviral drugs.
Crucial Role of Nrf3 in Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation From Stem Cells
Authors: Anna Elena Pepe, Qingzhong Xiao, Anna Zampetaki, Zhongyi Zhang, Akira Kobayashi, Yanhua Hu, Qingbo Xu
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)3, a member of the cap 'N' collar family of transcription factors that bind to the DNA-antioxidant responsive elements, is involved in reactive oxygen species balancing and in muscle precursor migration during early embryo development.To investigate the functional role of Nrf3 in smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation in vitro and in vivo.Nrf3 was upregulated significantly following 1 to 8 days of SMC differentiation. Knockdown of Nrf3 resulted in downregulation of smooth muscle specific markers expression, whereas enforced expression of Nrf3 enhanced SMC differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. SMC-specific transcription factor myocardin, but not serum response factor, was significantly upregulated by Nrf3 overexpression. Strikingly, the binding of SRF and myocardin to the promoter of smooth muscle differentiation genes was dramatically increased by Nrf3 overexpression, and Nrf3 can directly bind to the promoters of SMC differentiation genes as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, NADPH-derived reactive oxygen species production during SMC differentiation was further enhanced by Nrf3 overexpression through upregulation of NADPH oxidase and inhibition of antioxidant signaling pathway. In addition, Nrf3 was involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stressor induced SMC differentiation.Our findings demonstrate for the first time that Nrf3 has a crucial role in SMC differentiation from stem cells indicating that Nrf3 could be a potential target for manipulation of stem cell differentiation toward vascular lineage.
Long Exposure of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Associated with Activating <i>EGFR</i> Mutations in Never-Smokers with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tomoya Kawaguchi, Masahiko Ando, Akihito Kubo, Minoru Takada, Shinji Atagi, Kyoichi Okishio, Kazuhiro Asami, Akihide Matsumura, Kazuyuki Tsujino, Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius, Hidefumi Sasaki
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

To examine an association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in never-smokers with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).A total of 126 never-smokers with NSCLC were prospectively included in this study. Detailed ETS information was obtained through a standardized questionnaire including exposure period, place, and duration. Cumulative dose of ETS (CETS) was evaluated as a sum of the number of the exposure years at home and/or workplace. EGFR and K-ras mutations were determined using real-time PCR amplification.A total of 124 patients (98.4%) had ETS exposure with median CETS of 50 years (range: 0-118). Activating EGFR mutations were detected in 62.7% of the 126 patients and K-ras in 2 of 114 patients. The incidence of activating EGFR mutations was significantly higher in females than in males (67.6% vs. 26.7%; P = 0.002), and increased in quintile groups separated on the basis of CETS (shortest group = 44.0%, longest = 84.6%; P = 0.0033). In the multivariate logistic regression model, including gender, CETS, age, and family history of cancer, both gender and CETS were significantly associated with an incidence of activating EGFR mutations; the odds ratio for the EGFR mutations were 5.13 [95% confidence interval, CI = 1.47-18.0; P = 0.0105] for females and 1.02 (95% CI = 1.00-1.04; P = 0.0193) for each 1-year increment in CETS.Females and increased ETS exposure are closely associated with EGFR mutations in never-smokers with NSCLC.
Pretreatment Prediction of Interferon-Alfa Efficacy in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Kazuhiro Hayashida, Akito Daiba, Akito Sakai, Takeshi Tanaka, Kyosuke Kaji, Niro Inaba, Satoshi Ando, Naoki Kajiyama, Hiroshi Terasaki, Aki Abe, Masanori Ogasawara, Michinori Kohara, Mine Harada, Takeshi Okanoue, Satoru Ito, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
Impact of Renal Insufficiency in Patients Undergoing Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: H. Mehrdad Sadeghi, Gregg W. Stone, Cindy L. Grines, Roxana Mehran, Simon R. Dixon, Alexandra J. Lansky, Martin Fahy, David A. Cox, Eulogio Garcia, James E. Tcheng, John J. Griffin, Thomas D. Stuckey, Mark Turco, John D. Carroll
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The prognostic importance of renal insufficiency (RI) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not been well characterized.PCI was performed in 2082 AMI patients without shock presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset in a prospective, multicenter randomized trial. RI was defined as a calculated (Cockroft-Gault) creatinine clearance (CrCl) < or =60 mL/min. RI at baseline was present in 18% of patients. Compared with patients without RI, patients with RI were older and were more likely to be female; to have hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease; and to present in heart failure. Mortality was markedly increased in patients with versus without baseline RI both at 30 days (7.5% versus 0.8%, P<0.0001) and at 1 year (12.7% versus 2.4%, P<0.0001). Mortality rates increased incrementally for every 10-mL/min decrease in baseline CrCl. By multivariate analysis, reduced baseline CrCl was a powerful independent predictor of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 5.77; P<0.0001) and remained associated with reduced survival at 1 year (hazard ratio, 1.98; P=0.08). Hemorrhagic complications and transfusion requirements were also increased more than 2-fold in patients with RI, as were severe restenosis (diameter stenosis > or =70%; 20.6% versus 11.8%, P=0.024) and infarct artery reocclusion (14.7% versus 7.3%, P=0.02).Baseline RI in patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI is associated with a markedly increased risk of mortality, as well as bleeding and restenosis. Novel approaches are needed to improve the otherwise poor prognosis of patients with RI and AMI.
Membrane-Type 4 Matrix Metalloproteinase Promotes Breast Cancer Growth and Metastases
Authors: Vincent Chabottaux, Nor Eddine Sounni, Caroline J. Pennington, William R. English, Frédéric van den Brûle, Silvia Blacher, Christine Gilles, Carine Munaut, Erik Maquoi, Carlos Lopez-Otin, Gillian Murphy, Dylan R. Edwards, Jean-Michel Foidart, Agnès Noël
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMP) constitute a subfamily of six distinct membrane-associated MMPs. Although the contribution of MT1-MMP during different steps of cancer progression has been well documented, the significance of other MT-MMPs is rather unknown. We have investigated the involvement of MT4-MMP, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol–anchored protease, in breast cancer progression. Interestingly, immunohistochemical analysis shows that MT4-MMP production at protein level is strongly increased in epithelial cancer cells of human breast carcinomas compared with normal epithelial cells. Positive staining for MT4-MMP is also detected in lymph node metastases. In contrast, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis reveals similar MT4-MMP mRNA levels in human breast adenocarcinomas and normal breast tissues. Stable transfection of MT4-MMP cDNA in human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells does not affect in vitro cell proliferation or invasion but strongly promotes primary tumor growth and associated metastases in RAG-1 immunodeficient mice. We provide for the first time evidence that MT4-MMP overproduction accelerates in vivo tumor growth, induces enlargement of i.t. blood vessels, and is associated with increased lung metastases. These results identify MT4-MMP as a new putative target to design anticancer strategies. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(10): 5165-72)
Aflatoxin Structure and Hepatocarcinogenicity in Rainbow Trout &lt;italic&gt;(Salmo gairdneri)&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ayres, J. L., Lee, D. J., Wales, J. H., Sinnhuber, R. O.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Journal Article Aflatoxin Structure and Hepatocarcinogenicity in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Get access J. L. Ayres, J. L. Ayres Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 3Address reprint requests to: Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg. 97331. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. J. Lee, D. J. Lee Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. H. Wales, J. H. Wales Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. O. Sinnhuber R. O. Sinnhuber Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 46, Issue 3, March 1971, Pages 561–564, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/46.3.561 Published: 01 March 1971 Article history Received: 12 August 1970 Accepted: 25 November 1970 Published: 01 March 1971
CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN A PATIENT WITH AN IDIOPATHIC DECREASE IN THE THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN OF PLASMA*
Authors: Sidney H. Ingbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

regularly during that period, but had had none during the year prior to entry.The patient had been known to have a heart murmur since childhood.Symptoms of acute rheumatic fever were denied.The patient's only other complaint was weakness of the arms and legs of 2 year's duration.This was especially prominent in the distal musculature and was of moderate, but not incapacitating, severity.Details of early development were not readily recalled, but pubertal maturation apparently began at about age 14.At age 16 a bilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy was performed.Subsequently, if not immediately thereafter, normal masculine psychosexual development ceased.Libido was minimal throughout the patient's life, al- though rare erections and nocturnal emissions occurred.Pubic and axillary hair remained scant, and balding did not take place.The patient shaved infrequently.There were no other symptoms referable to the endocrine organs, including the thyroid, adrenals and pituitary gland, and no symptoms of an intracranial lesion.Re- view of systems was otherwise negative.The patient's parents had died when he was a young boy; he had no siblings.He knew of no other close rela- tives who were alive.The patient was raised by mem- bers of a religious order and was living and serving as janitor in their institution at the time he entered the hospital.Physical examination.T, 98.8°; P, 100; R, 20; BP, 130/70.Salient features of the physical examination were confined to the cardiovascular, endocrine and neu- romuscular systems.Examination of the heart revealed cardiomegaly and a prominent precordial heave.Cardiac rhythm was regular.The pulmonic second sound was increased, split, and louder than the aortic second sound.The first sound in the mitral area was booming; there was no opening snap.A grade 4, harsh systolic murmur, radiating widely, was audible over the entire precordium, but was heard best in the fourth left intercostal space in the parasternal area.Bilateral herniorrhaphy scars and reducible herniae were present.Small, firm testes were felt in the scrotal sac.The phallus was normal in size, the prostate small and firm.Pubic hair was scant, the escutcheon female.Only a few fine strands of axillary hair were present.The skin was fine and smooth, typical of that associated with hypogonadism.Skeletal proportions were not eu-
Reply to the Letter to the Editor on “Third generation aromatase inhibitors may prevent endometrial growth and reverse tamoxifen-induced uterine changes in postmenopausal breast cancer patients”, by I. Cohen Ann Oncol 2005; 16: 1399
Authors: R. Paridaens, L. Morales, P. Neven, D. Timmerman
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Overview of BioCreative II gene mention recognition
Authors: Larry Smith, Lorraine K Tanabe, Rie Johnson nee Ando, Cheng-Ju Kuo, I-Fang Chung, Chun-Nan Hsu, Yu-Shi Lin, Roman Klinger, Christoph M Friedrich, Kuzman Ganchev, Manabu Torii, Hongfang Liu, Barry Haddow, Craig A Struble, Richard J Povinelli, Andreas Vlachos, William A Baumgartner, Lawrence Hunter, Bob Carpenter, Richard Tzong-Han Tsai, Hong-Jie Dai, Feng Liu, Yifei Chen, Chengjie Sun, Sophia Katrenko, Pieter Adriaans, Christian Blaschke, Rafael Torres, Mariana Neves, Preslav Nakov, Anna Divoli, Manuel Maña-López, Jacinto Mata, W John Wilbur
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract Nineteen teams presented results for the Gene Mention Task at the BioCreative II Workshop. In this task participants designed systems to identify substrings in sentences corresponding to gene name mentions. A variety of different methods were used and the results varied with a highest achieved F 1 score of 0.8721. Here we present brief descriptions of all the methods used and a statistical analysis of the results. We also demonstrate that, by combining the results from all submissions, an F score of 0.9066 is feasible, and furthermore that the best result makes use of the lowest scoring submissions.
Hydatid disease versus textiloma: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: E. Marchiori, G. Zanetti, B. Hochhegger, D. M. Machado
Journal: Thorax (2011)

We read with great interest the well-written review by Kunst et al 1 discussing parasitic lung infections. In the section on hydatid disease (HD), the authors report that chest scans may reveal diagnostic features including collapse of the laminated membrane from the surrounding host tissue, the presence of daughter cysts and the presence of cyst rupture. We wish to highlight an important diagnostic challenge: differentiating between the typical tomographical presentations of HD and textilomas. Recently, Miguelez-Vara and …