tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SP0169 Mri of Sacroiliitis - How to Increase Sensitivity
Authors: T. Diekhoff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is part of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria for diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis. However, the MRI protocol in patients with sacroiliitis is usually reduced to a few proven sequences. The T1 spin echo (T1 SE) sequence leads to an excellent anatomical depiction of the sacroiliac joints (SI-joints) and allows the detection of fatty lesions in the near by bone marrow. Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) technique is used to search for bone marrow oedema (BME) that is present for example in acute inflammation. Other sequences like gradient echo (GRE) imaging ore contrast enhanced T1 with fat suppression are optional and not part in every MRI protocol. Despite of the simplicity of this imaging strategy there are still some disadvantages. T1-SE for example is limited to a slice thickness of 3 to 5 mm when attempting an appropriate acquisition time. Therefore, structures or lesions significantly smaller might get lost in the partial volume effect. STIR imaging is very fast and robust but the signal intensity of the BME is relatively low. However, there are some approaches to overcome this hurdles with new MRI sequences. High-resolution 3D sequences with a slice thickness of less than 1 mm allow reconstructions in different angles out of one data set and display smallest lesions like erosions or osteophytes. Furthermore, the signal intensity of the BME can be increased by other methods of fat saturation. This lecture will summarise the properties and applications of some of the new MRI sequences in sacroiliitis and give an overview over image interpretation, important findings and differential diagnoses. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6352
Palpation Thyroiditis Seen on F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: John K. Blazak, Aravind S. Ravi Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A 29-year-old woman presented with a new right supraclavicular mass on a background of resection of a malignant melanoma from her right shoulder before 4 years. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) imaging revealed uptake in a right supraclavicular node and the inferior pole of the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Subsequent resection and histology of the right supraclavicular node and the left lobe of the thyroid gland demonstrated metastatic melanoma and palpation thyroiditis, respectively. A number of malignant and benign pathologies of the thyroid demonstrate FDG uptake, with 75% being benign. To our knowledge, the findings of palpation thyroiditis on FDG PET/CT have never been previously described.
The Appearance of Osseous PEComa on F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Rajan Rakheja, Gad Abikhzer, Yazan Z. Alabed, Ayoub Nahal, Robert Lisbona
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 29-year-old male presented with a 6-month history of left hip pain. Radiography and CT demonstrated a 6-cm lytic lesion of the left acetabulum. F-18 FDG PET for staging of the biopsy-proven malignant PEComa demonstrated intense hypermetabolism corresponding to the lytic left acetabulum. The patient underwent left hemipelvectomy with reconstructive surgery. On a follow-up F-18 FDG PET scan 3 months after initial surgery, a left lung pleural-based 9-mm nodule with hypermetabolism (SUVmax 4.1) was discovered and pathologically proven to be metastases from the primary osseous PEComa.
Abstract 1742: Suppression of Akt activity selectively induced apoptosis of Ara-C resistant AML cells
Authors: Chansu Lee, Jeong In Oh, Jung Hye Kwon, Byoung Kook Kim, Kwang-Sung Ahn, Sung-Soo Yoon
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Treatment outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), intensive Ara-C chemotherapy, remains unsatisfactory. It has been shown that the frequency of relapse is high and only 20 to 30% rate of the overall five year survival. Ara-C resistance could be one of major factors in decreasing the efficacy of intensive Ara-C chemotherapy. In this study, we established in vitro Ara-C resistant AML cell lines (KG1 and ML-1) and examined to ascertain the cause of Ara-C resistance. The expression levels of CDA in Ara-C resistant cell lines were higher than in parental cell line. However, the expression of other genes was not significantly different. Besides, PI3K/AKT was persistantly activated in Ara-C resistant cell lines. Also, mTOR, downstream of AKT, was highly expressed in AML resistant cell lines. MTT assay showed that PI3K specific inhbitor, LY29002, and mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, inhibited the growth of AML cells and there was no different among AML cells. A synergic effect of Ara-C induced apoptosis was not detected in AML cells co-treated with rapamycin. Nevertheless, LY29002 and rapamycin was more effective to induce apoptosis in Ara-C resistant AML cell lines. Our data indicated that persistent activation of Akt in AML cells contributed to becoming resistant to Arc-C treatments. Inhibition of Akt activation would be a potential target to overcome Ara-C resistance in AML. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1742. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1742
CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY COMBINED WITH CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING IN ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: LONG-TERM RESULTS OF THE RESCUE STUDY
Authors: Alexander Romanov, Kinga Goscinska-Bis, Jaroslaw Bis, Alexander Chernyavsky, Darya Prokhorova, Yana Syrtceva, Vitaly Shabanov, Sergey Alsov, Alexander Karaskov, Marek Deja, Michal Krejca, Evgeny Pokushalov
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
PATTERNS OF ADHERENCE TO DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE UNDERGOING COMPLEX PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE PARIS REGISTRY
Authors: Gennaro Giustino, Usman Baber, Jennifer Yu, Samantha Sartori, Cono Ariti, Stuart Pocock, Timothy Henry, David Cohen, David Moliterno, Mitchell Kruckoff, Annapoorna Kini, Antonio Colombo, Alaide Chieffo, Roxana Mehran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Angiogenesis Research Spreads To Clinic
Authors: S. Jenks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Angiogenesis Research Spreads To Clinic Get access Susan Jenks Susan Jenks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 10, 18 May 1994, Pages 742–743, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.10.742 Published: 18 May 1994
PTU-129 Initial experience with infliximab levels in a tertiary IBD centre
Authors: P M Irving, Z Arkir, J Duncan, M Sastrillo, S Anderson, J Sanderson
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Biologic use in the UK is increasing in patients with Crohn9s disease (CD). While highly effective at inducing and maintaining remission, secondary loss of response occurs in approximately 15% of patients on maintenance treatment with biologics every year. There is some preliminary evidence that drug levels may play a role in this. However, measurement of anti-TNF levels has not been routinely available in the UK until very recently. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a service evaluation of a CE marked kit measuring serum levels of infliximab (IFX) as well as anti-drug antibodies (BMD, Marne La Vallee, France). Samples were taken immediately prior to infusion of IFX in patients attending for infusions over a 9-week period (March–May 2011). Results were not used in clinical management. A retrospective notes review was undertaken in January 2012 to see how drug levels related to clinical activity and to outcome. Only patients with CD on stable maintenance therapy were included and if repeated samples were taken, only the first measurement was used. <h3>Results</h3> 52 samples were taken on 41 patients. Eight were excluded either because they did not have CD or because they were still in the induction phase of treatment. 33 patients (17 male) were, therefore, included in the analysis. Seven had subtherapeutic levels (SL) of IFX (&lt;2 μg/ml). Patients with SL had a higher median Harvey Bradshaw index (HBI) (5 (range 0–7)) and C reactive protein (CRP) (8 (0–50)) at the time the sample was taken than those with therapeutic levels (TL) (HBI (1 (0–8) p=0.03: CRP 0 (0–8) p&lt;0.05). The highest HBI and CRP recorded during subsequent follow-up was also higher in those with SL than TL but not significantly so (HBI SL 4 (2–11) vs TL 2 (0–12): CRP SL 11 (0–56) vs TL 0 (0–21)). Patients with SL were also more likely to require dose escalation of IFX (SL 2/7: TL 0/26 (p&lt;0.04)) and intervention (change of drug therapy or surgical/endoscopic intervention) (SL 3/7: TL 2/27 (p=0.05)). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Subtherapeutic IFX levels were associated with increased disease activity defined by biomarkers (CRP) and disease activity scores (HBI). Subtherapeutic levels were also predictive of a worse disease course over the following 6–8 months. Measuring anti-TNF drug levels in patients with IBD is promising and the utility of these tests in every day practice should be investigated further. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Abstract 1960: Phosphorylation of caspase-7 by p21-activated protein kinase (PAK)2 inhibits staurosporine-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Feng Zhu, Xiang Li, Weihong Wen, Kangdong Liu, Margarita Malakhova, Cong Peng, Hong-Gyum Kim, Weiya Ma, Yeon-Yong Cho, Ann Bode, Ziming Dong, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract P21-activated kinase (PAK) 2, a member of PAK family of serine/threonine kinases, plays an important role in physiological processes such as motility, survival, mitosis, and apoptosis. However, the role of PAK2 in chemotherapy resistance, as well as cell proliferation, is not clear. In this report, we showed that the protein expression level of PAK2 is higher in human breast cancer cell lines and human breast invasive carcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal breast tissues. Importantly, we found that PAK2 can bind with caspase-7 and phosphorylate caspase-7 at Ser30, Thr173 and Ser239. Phosphorylation of caspase-7 decreases its activity, thereby inhibiting cellular apoptosis. Knocking down PAK2 expression can restore caspase-7 activity and promote apoptosis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Our data suggests that the highly expressed PAK2 mediates chemotherapy resistance in human breast invasive ductal carcinoma and that PAK2 is a novel target of chemotherapy for breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1960. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1960
Raising more antibodies
Authors: R. Ferner
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Emil von Behring, who won the first Nobel prize for medicine, discovered antibodies against diphtheria toxin in 1890 and realised that the antibodies could neutralise the toxin.1 Von Behring’s work inspired Albert Calmette to raise antibodies to cobra venom in horses. Now there are antidotes to the venoms of everything from the Sydney funnel-web spider,2 via a South American caterpillar with poisonous bristles that cause a fatal haemorrhagic diathesis,3 to the Indian red scorpion, whose venom induces hypertensive crises (amenable to treatment with prazosin).4 Equine antivenin may stop you dying, but early reactions to …
A5.7 Articular adipose tissue from OA patients is an important source of cytokines and adipokines
Authors: M Plebanczyk, U Musialowicz, T Burakowski, I Janicka, W Maslinski, P Maldyk, E Kontny
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Recently rheumatoid adipose tissue has been suggested to play an important role in chronic inflammatory joint diseases. Its ability to synthesize cytokines and adipokines has been characterised also in our Department. The aim of present work was to investigate whether adipose tissue obtained from Osteoarthritis (OA) patients also secretes factors relevant to disease pathogenesis and/or progression. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Articular adipose tissue (AAT) and synovial membrane (SM) explants, obtained from OA patients who were undergoing knee joint replacement surgery, were cultured (100 mg/ml) for 24 hrs in medium (DMEM) alone or in the presence of LPS or cytokines: TNF, IFN-g, IL-1a, IL-15, IL-17 or IL-23. Concentrations of TNF, IL-1a, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1Ra, adiponectin and leptin were measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> Untreated AAT spontaneously produced low levels of IL-6 and IL-8, while secretion of these cytokines by SM was significant. All stimuli increased IL-6 and IL-8 synthesis in AAT, but did not change it in SM. The levels of these cytokines were usually higher in SM than in AAT. Spontaneous secretion of TNF-a was negligible, LPS, IL-1a and IFN-g triggered marked TNF synthesis (in both tissues). Spontaneous production of IL-1a was also very low and rised only after LPS (AAT and SM) and TNF (SM) stimulation. SM stronger than AAT responded to stimulation. The level of anti-inflammatory IL-1Ra was high in both tissues (higher in SM than in AAT). Stimuli increased IL-1Ra production in AAT, but not in SM. The level of adiponectin was similar in tested tissues and stayed unaffected by stimulation. AAT and SM explants secreted spontaneously moderate amount of leptin. In AAT leptis secretion raised upon LPS and IL-1a stimulation, while stayed unchanged in SM. <h3>Conclusions</h3> AAT, like SM, seems to be very active tissue. While spontaneous production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by AAT was low, it raised markedly upon stimulation. Moreover, AAT from OA patients produced spontaneously large amount of anti-inflammatory IL-1Ra. The secretion of classical adipokines did not differ between tissues. Therefore our results give direct evidence that in osteoarthritis, like in rheumatoid arthritis, adipose tissue is an active participant of cytokine and adipokines network.
AB0177 Simultaneous blockade of the CD40/CD40L and NF-κB pathways improving therapy effect on arthritic rats
Authors: P. Fan, L. He, D. Pu, W. Zhou, Y. Sun
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of chronic autoimmune diseases that harm the human health for a long time. The pathogenesis of RA is still unknown, which refers to several aspects of the immune system. Especially, the aberrant activation of the lymphocytes and the NFκB dependent nonspecific inflammatory response are the two main points of joint inflammatory damage in RA. CD40/CD40L is the key co-stimulated molecular in the recognition and activation of the T cells. IκBα can suppress the inflammatory response and injury of joint synovium by cytokine at the key point by inhibiting the NFκB signaling. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study, we used CD40LIg-IRES2- IκBα co-expressing adenovirus vector to transfect the synovium tissue of arthritic rats to investigate the genes expression as well as the effect on the arthritic rats. In addition, we will compare the therapeutic effect of the co-expression gene adenovirus and the single gene adenovirus vector, to explore the potential gene therapy for RA. <h3>Methods</h3> Construction of pAdCD40LIg, pAdIκBα and pAdCD40LIg-IRES2-IκBα adenovirus vector had completed. Wistar rats were rendered arthritic by multi-subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Arthritic rats were divided into four groups: group A with distal joint cavity injection of sterile water as control (n=5); group B with injection of pAdCD40LIg vector (n=5); group C with pAdIκBα vector injection (n=5); and group D with injection of pAdCD40LIg-IRES2-IκBα vector (n=5). Therapy effects were measured by the method of arthritis index score of rats. The levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 in synovial fluid collected by joint puncture were measured by ELISA methods 21 days after treatment. <h3>Results</h3> The mean arthritis index score of rats in group D was significantly lower than those in other three groups (P&lt;0.05). The index in group B and C were significantly lower than that in group A (P&lt;0.05). The rats in group D had the lowest TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-6 levels in synovial fluid followed by group C, B and A (P&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The expression CD40LIg and IκBα can effectively inhibit inflammatory reaction of arthritic rats. Simultaneous expression CD40LIg and IκBα can improve the therapeutic effect by synergistic effect. <h3>References</h3> Munroe ME, Bishop GA. A costimulatory function for T cell CD40. J Immunol, 2007, 178(2):671-682. Makarov SS. NF-κB in rheumatoid arthritis:a pivtoal regulator of inflmmation, hyperplasia and tissue destruction. Arthritis Res, 2001, 3(4):200-206. Malfait AM, Williams RO, Malik AS, et al. Chronic relapsing homologous collagen-indueed arthritis in DBA/1 mice as a model for testing disease-modifying and remission-inducing therapies. Arthritis Rheum, 2001, 44(5):1215-1224 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
A2.11 Antibodies to carbamylated α-enolase epitopes in rheumatoid arthritis also bind citrullinated epitopes and are largely indistinct from anti-citrullinated protein antibodies
Authors: E Reed, X Jiang, N Kharlamova, AJ Ytterberg, A Catrina, L Israelsson, L Mathsson-Alm, M Hansson, L Alfredsson, J Rönnelid, K Lundberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Objectives</h3> In addition to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), antibodies targeting carbamylated (i.e. homocitrullinated) proteins (anti-CarP antibodies) have been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the extent to which &nbsp;anti-CarP antibodies are truly distinct from ACPA remains unclear, and few studies have focused on specific autoantigens. Here, we examine cross-reactivity between ACPA and anti-CarP antibodies, in the context of the candidate autoantigen α-enolase. <h3>Methods</h3> Cross-reactivity was examined by immunoblotting of citrullinated and carbamylated proteins using purified ACPA; and by peptide absorption experiments, using the citrullinated α-enolase peptide CEP-1 and a homocitrulline-containing version (carb-CEP-1) in ELISA. The population-based case-control cohort EIRA (n = 2,836 RA; 373 controls) was screened for reactivity with CEP-1 and carb-CEP-1, using the ISAC multiplex array. Associations of RA subsets with smoking and genetic risk alleles were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. Differences in antibody levels were examined using Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test. <h3>Results</h3> Affinity-purified ACPA was found to bind carbamylated proteins and homocitrulline-containing peptides, demonstrating definitive cross-reactivity between ACPA and anti-CarP antibodies. Anti-carb-CEP-1 reactivity in EIRA was almost exclusively confined to the CEP-1-positive subset, and this group (21%) displayed a particularly strong ACPA response with marked epitope-spreading. The small RA subset (3%) with homocitrulline-reactivity in the absence of citrulline-reactivity did not associate with smoking or risk genes, and had significantly lower anti-carb-CEP-1 antibody levels. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data presented herein cast doubt on the specificity of anti-CarP antibodies in RA, which we posit may be a subset of cross-reactive ACPA.
Neonatal Megaloblastic Anemia Due to Inherited Transcobalamin II Deficiency in Two Siblings
Authors: Nasrollah Hakami, Paul E. Neiman, George P. Canellos, Jack Lazerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Two infants presented at three and five weeks of age with megaloblastic anemia and systemic manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency in spite of normal levels of serum vitamin B12. A deficiency of vitamin B12 transport protein transcobalamin II (TC II) was demonstrated in both infants by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Complete hematologic remission was achieved by parenteral administration of large amounts of vitamin B12 at a dose of 2000 μg per week. Withdrawal of therapy in one sibling led to relapse of megaloblastic anemia in six weeks. Absorption studies in the older sibling showed decreased absorption of vitamin B12, which was not corrected by intrinsic factor, suggesting that TC II has a role in absorption of the vitamin. Hematologically normal parents and several other members of the family had low levels of vitamin B12 binding capacity of TC II, suggesting an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for TC II deficiency.
Seminar Lures Best From Both Worlds: Science and the Media
Authors: J. McCann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Seminar Lures Best From Both Worlds: Science and the Media Get access Jean McCann Jean McCann Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 9, 3 May 1995, Pages 632–634, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.9.632 Published: 03 May 1995
Uptake of Tc-99m Human Immunoglobulin in Malignant Abdominal Lymphoma
Authors: ÖZLEM N. KÜĈÜK, GÜLSEREN ARAS, AYFER SOYLU, MUHIT ÖZCAN, ERKAN İBIŜ, ASIM AKIN, METIN K. KIR, GÜNER ERBAY, GÜNER TOKUZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are malignant lymphoreticular tumors. The usual imaging procedures used for diagnosis and prognosis include radiography, CT, and Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy. Tc-99m human immunoglobulin is an inflammatory imaging agent that has been reported to show uptake in some malignant tumors and was used for imaging non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma before and after therapy.
Immunization of Adults against Diphtheria and Tetanus
Authors: Johannes Ipsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IMMUNIZATION against diphtheria and tetanus in childhood is now a well established procedure in Massachusetts as well as many other communities. The large majority of infants receive a solid basic immunity against these diseases through the standard application of triple vaccine (pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus). The Institute of Laboratories of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health has issued for the last three years twice as many doses of this preparation as the number of annual births in Massachusetts. The recommended procedure of booster immunization with the triple antigen at the time of entry into elementary school is widely followed.Recent . . .