tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P01 UDCA response criteria identify a sub-group of PBC patients with an inherently good prognosis rather than a specific disease response
Authors: I Patanwala, J Newton, D Jones
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  Recent follow-up cohort studies have identified biochemical parameters in UDCA-treated patients which identify “responders” with survival identical to normal control populations, in contrast to “non-responders” who have survival indistinguishable from that predicted by the Mayo Risk Score for untreated patients. The most widely accepted criteria for UDCA “response”, proposed by Corpechot, consist of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)   Aim  UDCA response criteria identify a group of patients with an inherently low risk rather than UDCA response per se.  Method  In a comprehensive cohort of patients, geographically defined in 1999 followed up for 10 years, a group of patients (n=94) not treated with UDCA were identified. This cohort, matched prospectively to individual community case controls, represents an opportunity to study the natural history of non-UDCA treated PBC.  Results  In the whole cohort (including UDCA treated patients), survival was significantly better in the UDCA-responding patients (defined using the Corpechot criteria) than in the non-UDCA-treated patients (p 2  9.4, p  Conclusion  UDCA response criteria identify a group of patients who, at the time of criterion measurement, have a good prognosis. It does not appear to matter whether attainment of these parameters is a natural feature of untreated disease or a consequence of treatment. These criteria therefore have an important role in identifying high and low risk patients, and a sub-group of PBC patients with poor prognosis for whom additional therapies should be sought. They do not, however, provide specific information about the actions of UDCA.
Association between androgen deprivation therapy and fracture risk: A population-based cohort study in men with non-metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: M. R. Smith, W. C. Lee, T. Krupsi, J. Brandman, Q. Wang, M. Botteman, C. Pashos, M. Litwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4507 Background: Androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist decreases bone mineral density in men with prostate cancer. Small retrospective studies have suggested that GnRH agonists increase fracture risk. We conducted a population-based cohort study to better characterize the association between GnRH agonist treatment and clinical fractures. Methods: Using 1991–2001 medical claims data from a 5% national random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we identified a study group (N=3887) of men with non-metastatic prostate cancer who initiated GnRH agonist treatment in 1992–94. A comparison group (N=7,774) of men with non-metastatic prostate cancer who did not receive GnRH agonist treatment during the study period was randomly matched on a 1:2 ratio based on age, race and Charlson co-morbidity index. We analyzed their inpatient, outpatient, and physician claims to identify clinical fractures between 1994–2001. Results: One third of the men who received GnRH agonist treatment experienced one or more fractures. When adjusted for survival, the fracture incidence rates during the final year of the analysis were 83% for the study group versus 56% for control group. Men in the study group were significantly more likely to develop fractures over the study period than men in control group (hazard ratio 1.4; 95% CI 1.16–1.70; P<0.001). Longer-term (>3 years) treatment with a GnRH agonist was associated with a marked increase in fracture risk compared to shorter term use (< 1year) (hazard ratio 1.5; 95% CI 1.17–1.93; P<0.001). Conclusion: Non-metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving GnRH agonist treatment were 40% more likely to develop a clinical fracture over the study period relative to those not receiving this treatment. Long-term treatment is associated with higher fracture risk. These results highlight the importance of diagnosis and management of skeletal complications in this population. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp. Novartis Oncology Novartis Oncology
Virus-Induced Regression of Tumor Growth&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. W. Taylor, J. N. Davidson, C. Land, R. Wall
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Inoculation of bovine entcrovirus-1 into mice carrying either Ehrlich ascites tumor or Sarcoma-1 resulted in a rapid regression of the tumor without any ill effect on the host. Bovine enterovirus-1 replicates inefficiently in the tumor cells as measured by viral RNA production, though destruction of the tumor cells is rapid.
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) induced by gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results of a West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group (WJTOG) epidemiological survey
Authors: T. Seto, N. Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7064 Background: Gefitinib was approved by the regulatory of Japanese Ministry, first in the world, on July 5, 2002. From Aug to Dec in 2002, more than 19,000 patients with NSCLC took gefitinib in Japan. It had seemed unlikely that gefitinib had lethal toxicity. However, 358 patients (approximately 1.9%) suffered from ILD, and 114 (approximately 0.6%) of them had been dead by Dec 13, 2002, according to the report from AstraZeneca. The high incidence and fatality of ILD became a serious social issue in Japan. To clarify the incidence of ILD induced by gefitinib, and to identify the risk factors related to ILD developing, we conducted a retrospective survey. Methods: Questionnaires were delivered to 112 affiliated institutions of WJTOG, which asked for patient's characteristics and their clinical information accompanied with treatment of gefitinib from Aug 31 to Dec 31 in 2002 in detail. Results: Eighty-four (75%) institutions replied with information containing a total of 1,976 patients. ILD occurred in 64 patients (3.2%, 95%CI: 2.5–4.1%), which was diagnosed by five experts for thoracic radiology in the extramurally reviews, and 25 (1.3%, 95%CI: 0.8–1.9%) had died. We analyzed the risk factors of ILD to compare 63 patients developing ILD with 1,661 patients as a control. Multivariate analysis indicated that the predictive risk factors of ILD developing were male (odds ratio: 4.35), smoker (4.76), and existence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (2.77). We also analyzed the predictive factors for response on our constructing database. The response rate was 20.4% of 1,724 patients treated gefitinib, although we did not evaluate it extramurally. Furthermore, we are going to evaluate survival for patients treated with gefitinib at the meeting. Conclusions: The highly risk group for developing ILD induced by gefitinib was identified clinically. Patients with NSCLC must be treated with gefitinib considering the risk and clinical benefit ratio. Further translational studies are needed to clarify the risk and benefit related to gefitinib on genomics and proteomics. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Simian virus 40-transformed adherent cells from human long-term marrow cultures: cloned cell lines produce cells with stromal and hematopoietic characteristics
Authors: JW Singer, P Charbord, A Keating, J Nemunaitis, G Raugi, TN Wight, JA Lopez, GJ Roth, LW Dow, PJ Fialkow
Journal: Blood (1987)
Intensive and sequential combination chemotherapy for aggressive malignant lymphomas (protocol LNH-80).
Authors: B Coiffier, P A Bryon, F Berger, E Archimbaud, M Ffrench, J M Extra, D Guyotat, D Fiere, O Gentilhomme, J P Magaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Ninety-seven patients with aggressive malignant lymphoma (ML) were treated with an intensive and sequential chemotherapy (protocol LNH-80). There were 42 patients with intermediate grade ML, 53 patients with high-grade ML, and two patients with true histiocytic ML. Most of the patients were in advanced stage: 21 stage III and 61 stage IV. The LNH-80 protocol schedule comprised three phases: (1) induction with three courses of an intensified CHOP-Bleo (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vindesine, methylprednisolone, and bleomycin); (2) consolidation with cytarabine, followed by high-dose methotrexate and folinic acid rescue, then asparaginase; and (3) final intensification with two courses of CVAP-Bleo (cyclophosphamide, teniposide, cytarabine, methylprednisolone, and bleomycin). CNS prophylaxis included one injection of methotrexate during each induction course and the drugs of the consolidation phase. In cases of initial CNS localization, cranial radiotherapy was added. Eighty-four patients (87%) went into complete remission (CR), 18 (21%) of whom relapsed, usually during the phase of treatment or within 6 months of completing chemotherapy. Sixty-three patients are alive with an overall median follow-up of 24 months. The median survival time and the median disease-free survival have not been reached, and the survival curve seems to have plateaued at above 60%. There was no statistical difference between intermediate-grade ML (CR 90%, relapse 18%) and high-grade ML (CR 84%, relapse 24%). The toxicity of this treatment is mainly encountered during the induction phase: almost all patients had short-term neutropenia, less than 0.500 g/L in 57, with a documented infection in 25. Overall treatment-related mortality was 6%, with four patients dying during the induction phase.
Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with adverse effects of gefinitib
Authors: M. Isomura, M. Fukuoka, S. Sone, M. Matsuura, T. Noda, T. Muto, Y. Miki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3020 Background: Effectiveness of Gefinitib on non small cell lung carcinoma has been well demonstrated. However, some lethal adverse effects on Gefinitib treatment were observed, as well. Therefore, methods for prediction of adverse effects have to be established. In order to predict adverse effects of Gefinitib treatment, we conducted a large scale SNP typing analysis. Methods: 41 patients with non small cell lung carcinoma were enrolled in this study. All patients were orally administered one tablet of Gefinitib (250 mg) every day at least for 16 weeks. Adverse effects were evaluated every seven days and graded according to NCI-CTC grading. In addition, concentration of Gefinitib in peripheral blood was measured at 28th day of the treatment. DNA was isolated form peripheral blood. To identify SNPs associated with adverse effect, genotypes of 2,727 SNPs over 298 genes were determined by Invader assay. Association between SNPs and adverse effects was examined by Fisher's exact test. Results: During the course of treatment, 23 out of 41 patients exhibited diarrhea as an adverse effect. Genotyping analysis showed strong association between diarrhea and seven SNPs (p < 0.000067, Odds ratio: 20.8) located within a gene (GENE1). Among those, three SNPs were located putative regulatory region of GENE1 and rest were within intronic region. Haplotype analysis showed those SNPs belonged to one of three major haplotypes observed at the locus, suggesting a specific haplotype may harbor genetic alteration responsible for developing diarrhea. In addition, our analysis revealed that two SNPs on a gene (GENE2) were strongly associated with blood concentration of Gefinitib (p< 0.00015 Odds ratio: 20.2). Conclusions: By using those SNPs, appearance of diarrhea on Gefinitib treatment will be precisely predicted. As both genes belonged to same gene family, our result suggested this gene family may play roles in pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of Gefinitib. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Transplantation for breast cancer: Oncologists beware—a multicenter phase I-II study open to enrollment
Authors: M. E. Van Hoef
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10763 Introduction: After a surge of autologous transplantation (auto-tx) for breast cancer (brca) in the 90s numbers decreased; however, early results of auto-tx in brca were promising; moreover, a graft versus tumor effect was reported for metastatic brca following ablative allogeneic transplant (allo-tx) (Blood 96;88:1501 1 ; JCO 98;16:986 2 ). First results of non-myeloablative allo-tx (NMT) in other diseases suggested reduction of adverse effects. Methods: In 2000 a by donor availability controlled multicenter study of dose dense chemotherapy (ChT) (500/100/500) FEC + G-CSF (×4) at 2 wk intervals, semi-high-dose (3000/250/800) auto-tx (×2) at 4 wk intervals to consolidate or enhance complete response rates and a non-myeloablative (8/120/1050–Bu/Flu/Cy) allo-tx for newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer was designed; all ChT scheduled within 7 mth; GVHD prophylaxis and treatment; supportive care recommendationw. Feasibility, treatment related mortality, DFS and OS major endpoints. The study was promoted. Results: In 2000 and 2001 no papers on allo-tx for brca were published. Since 2002 there are a hand full of case reports or pilot studies about NMT for advanced brca; ample commentaries emphasize clinical response in advanced disease and recent reports also eradication of micrometastatic bone marrow disease. HD-auto-tx/NMT-allo tx was recently reported for advanced disease. No multicenter studies have been reported. The above study remains open to enrollment. Discussion: The treatment method and timing of treatment does hypothetically reduce health care costs. In order to assess the value compared to standard therapy (6 cycles ChT), treatment and outcome utilities can be assigned and a standard cohort be added. Normal life expectance when alive without disease at five years is used for computation of incremental cost beyond five years. In addition, utilities are assigned for activity in good health during the remaining productive years of life. The economic and societal value will be discussed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Automatic segmentation of pancreatic images using ISODATA alorithm
Authors: B. Biswal, N. Shah, N. Shah, M. Trivedi, S. Nayak, H. Dave
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14149 Background: Pancreatic cancer is the second most common gastrointestinal malignancy in the United States, where it ranks 4th among all deaths caused by cancers. Early detection of pancreatic cancer remains a challange. Methods: MR images with different T1 and T2 weighting from the anatomical regions with the same imaging parameters were obtained. ISODATA segmentation algorithm, a multivariate method was used to reliable detect the various clusters in the data sets. Results: In all the four subjects, the pancreatic region was found to be from a different (and unique) cluster. This cluster covered the pancreatic region in all the four subjects. Conclusions: The ISODATA algorithm presented could detect the pancreatic region without manual tracing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Electron Microscopy of Alveolar Pores of Kohn
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prefusion F–specific antibodies determine the magnitude of RSV neutralizing activity in human sera
Authors: Joan O. Ngwuta, Man Chen, Kayvon Modjarrad, M. Gordon Joyce, Masaru Kanekiyo, Azad Kumar, Hadi M. Yassine, Syed M. Moin, April M. Killikelly, Gwo-Yu Chuang, Aliaksandr Druz, Ivelin S. Georgiev, Emily J. Rundlet, Mallika Sastry, Guillaume B. E. Stewart-Jones, Yongping Yang, Baoshan Zhang, Martha C. Nason, Cristina Capella, Mark E. Peeples, Julie E. Ledgerwood, Jason S. McLellan, Peter D. Kwong, Barney S. Graham
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Antibodies to the prefusion conformation of the RSV F glycoprotein neutralize natural infection.
Perinatal air pollution exposure and development of asthma from birth to age 10 years
Authors: Hind Sbihi, Lillian Tamburic, Mieke Koehoorn, Michael Brauer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Within-city variation in air pollution has been associated with childhood asthma development, but findings have been inconsistent. We examined whether perinatal air pollution exposure affected asthma onset during “pre-school and “school age” periods in a population-based birth cohort. 65 254 children born between 1999 and 2002 in the greater Vancouver metropolitan region were followed until age 10 years using linked administrative health databases. Asthma cases were sex- and age-matched to five randomly chosen controls. Associations between exposure to air pollutants estimated with different methods (interpolation (inverse-distance weighted (IDW)), land use regression, proximity) and incident asthma during the pre-school (0–5 years) and school age (6–10 years) periods were estimated with conditional logistic regression. 6948 and 1711 cases were identified during the pre-school and school age periods, respectively. Following adjustment for birthweight, gestational period, household income, parity, breastfeeding at discharge, maternal age and education, asthma risk during the pre-school years was increased by traffic pollution (adjusted odds ratio using IDW method per interquartile increase (95% CI): nitric oxide 1.06 (1.01–1.11), nitrogen dioxide 1.09 (1.04–1.13) and carbon monoxide 1.05 (1.01–1.1)). Enhanced impacts were observed amongst low-term-birthweight cases. Associations were independent of surrounding residential greenness. Within-city air pollution variation was associated with new asthma onset during the pre-school years.
Doxorubicin and cisplatin with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma: phase II trial of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup.
Authors: D Ornadel, R L Souhami, J Whelan, M Nooy, C Ruiz de Elvira, J Pringle, I Lewis, W P Steward, R George, J Bridgewater
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE This report describes the toxicity and feasibility of administering doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CDDP) at 2-week intervals with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to patients with osteosarcoma and the compatibility of this regimen with endoprosthetic surgery performed after three cycles. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with biopsy-proven osteosarcoma were treated with three preoperative cycles of DOX 25 mg/m2/d on days 1 to 3 and CDDP 100 mg/m2 on day 1 with G-CSF 5 micrograms/kg/d on days 4 to 14. Surgery was scheduled at week 6 to be followed by three further cycles of chemotherapy at 2-week intervals. RESULTS Two-week chemotherapy was feasible, but delays and dose reductions only allowed 74% and 78% of the intended dose-intensity of DOX and CDDP to be administered. Thrombocytopenia accounted for 50% of delays. Significant toxicity included neutropenic sepsis, severe mucositis, prolonged nausea and vomiting, and electrolyte disturbances. Twenty-one limb-salvage procedures and one amputation were performed. There were eight episodes of excessive perioperative bleeding. CONCLUSION Intensive 2-week chemotherapy with intercurrent surgery is feasible and allows a greater dose-intensity of chemotherapy to be administered compared with the same regimen administered at 3-week intervals without G-CSF. The toxicity is considerable, but manageable.
Gene expression profiles of breast and lung metastases to the brain.
Authors: D. Dréau, J. M. Eddy, K. Thompson, J. Weller, J. Dollar, A. L. Asher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e12503 Background: The differences in the gene expression profiles of tumor samples from primary and brain metastases have a potential predictive value in determining the patient population likely to develop brain metastases. Methods: Using isolated breast and lung samples including paired primary and metastatic tumors obtained from cancer patients, the gene expression profiles were compared. The local Institutional Research Board approval was obtained to use the biopsy specimens and clinical data. Following laser-capture micro-dissection, RNA isolation and amplification, gene expression of the microdissected biopsy specimens was evaluated using HG-U133 microarrays. Of the ten identified cases with paired primary and brain metastases, seven paired cases of breast (n = 2) and lung (n = 5) were fully analyzed. Selected genes with significantly different expressions were validated by RT-PCR using cDNA generated from RNA isolated from tumor cells microdissected from an independent set of breast (n = 12) and lung (n = 14) tissues including normal tissues, AJCC stage 1-2 and 3 tumors. Results: In the micro-dissected breast and lung tumor samples, gene expression profiles were very similar as indicated by the few genes with expression significantly different between primary and brain metastases. Nevertheless, the gene expressions of RAS related genes and genes associated with the TGFß and TNF pathways in both lung and breast cancer samples significantly increased in brain metastases. In particular, the significant increases in Rap2b, Rhot2, TNFp3 and TGFß1 gene expressions in brain metastases for both breast and lung tumors were confirmed by RT-PCR analyses. Conclusions: The combination of laser-capture micro-dissection and microarray analysis protocols indicates higher expression of genes involved in extracellular (TGF and TNF pathways) and intracellular (RAS pathway) cell signaling in brain metastases compared to primary tumors. The data presented warrant further analyses since a valid gene expression signature would greatly benefit cancer patients by defining a subset of patient likely to develop brain metastases. No significant financial relationships to disclose.