tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does Microaneurysm Count Reflect Severity of Early Diabetic RetinoPathy?
Authors: Eva M. Kohner, M. Sleightholm, R.N. Bergenstal, P. Morse, A.H. Rubenstein, J.J. Bending, H. Keen, J.C. Pickup, E.M. Kohner, P.M. Lawson, M.A. Sleightholm, R.A. Rizza, F.J. Service, J.C. Trautman, C.B. Canny, M.C. Champion, J. Dupre, N.W. Rodger, J.E. Pucklin, R.S. Sherwin, V.W. Tambourlane, M. Davis, R. Klein
Journal: Ophthalmology (1986)
Behavioral compliance with dialysis prescription in hemodialysis patients.
Authors: P L Kimmel, R A Peterson, K L Weihs, S J Simmens, D H Boyle, D Verme, W O Umana, J H Veis, S Alleyne, I Cruz
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

The relationship between compliance and outcome is poorly understood, partially because there has been no gold standard for measuring compliance in hemodialysis patients. To investigate interrelationships between psychological, medical, and compliance factors, hemodialysis (HD) patients were studied with the Beck Depression Inventory, and a subset, the Cognitive Depression Index, the Perception of Illness Effects scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Behavioral compliance was measured in three ways: (1) percent time compliance (signifying "shortening behavior"); (2) percent attendance (signifying "skipping behavior) (3) percent total time compliance, assessing patients' time on dialysis normalized for prescribed time, including all shortenings and absences. Standard compliance indicators (predialysis serum potassium and phosphorus concentrations and interdialytic weight gain) were also analyzed. The patients' mean Beck Depression Inventory was in the range of mild depression. The prevalence of depression was 25.5%. Both depression indices correlated with Perception of Illness Effects scale scores. In general, social support was related to both measures of depression and perception of illness effects. Total time compliance was 95.8 +/- 5.0%. Younger patients were more likely to skip treatments compared with older patients. Time compliance comprised a wide spectrum, with most patients relatively compliant, whereas a small proportion received far less than their prescribed dialysis. Skipping and shortening behaviors did not correlate, suggesting that these constitute two separate types of noncompliant behaviors. Time compliance parameters did not correlate with potassium levels or interdialytic weight gain, but did correlate with phosphorus levels. Interrelationships between behavioral compliance measures and other parameters varied between units and patients of different gender. Finally, behavioral compliance patterns were stable over months in patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Angiopoietin-1 and -2 Exert Antagonistic Functions in Tumor Angiogenesis, yet Both Induce Lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Ernesta Fagiani, Pascal Lorentz, Lucie Kopfstein, Gerhard Christofori
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Members of the Angiopoietin family regulate various aspects of physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Although Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) decreases endothelial cell permeability and increases vascular stabilization via recruitment of pericytes and smooth muscle cells to growing blood vessels, Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) mediates angiogenic sprouting and vascular regression. In this study, we used the Rip1Tag2 transgenic mouse model of pancreatic β-cell carcinogenesis to investigate the roles of Ang-1 and Ang-2 in tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. On their own, transgenic expression of human Ang-1 or Ang-2 in pancreatic β cells caused formation of peri-insular lymphatic vessels in the absence of effects on blood vessel density, islet morphology, or physiology. When crossed to Rip1Tag2 mice, both Ang-1-and Ang-2-expressing β-cell tumors showed increased peritumoral lymphangiogenesis in the absence of metastasis to local lymph nodes or distant organs. There was no alteration in tumor outgrowth, blood vessel density, or vessel maturation in Ang-1-expressing tumors. In contrast, Ang-2-expressing tumors exhibited diminished pericyte recruitment to blood vessels that were dilated, nonfunctional, and highly permeable. These tumors were hemorrhagic, highly infiltrated by leukocytes, and impaired in outgrowth. Together, our findings establish that Ang-2 antagonizes Ang-1 function, leading to excessive vessel sprouting with impaired pericyte recruitment and vessel stabilization. The poor perfusion of immature blood vessels results in retarded tumor growth, defining an important pathophysiologic pathway required for efficient tumorigenesis.
Optimization of Chemotherapy for Younger Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results of the Medical Research Council AML15 Trial
Authors: Alan K. Burnett, Nigel H. Russell, Robert K. Hills, Ann E. Hunter, Lars Kjeldsen, John Yin, Brenda E.S. Gibson, Keith Wheatley, Donald Milligan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Treatment outcomes in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have improved, but optimization and new combinations are needed. We assess three combinations in induction and consolidation.Younger untreated patients with AML (median age, 49 years; range, 0 to 73 years) were randomly allocated to two induction courses of daunorubicin and cytarabine (DA) with or without etoposide (ADE; n = 1983) or ADE versus fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and idarubicin (FLAG-Ida; n = 1268), and to amsacrine, cytarabine, etoposide, and then mitoxantrone/cytarabine (MACE-MidAC) or high-dose cytarabine (n = 1,445) 3 g/m(2) or 1.5 g/m(2) (n = 657) in consolidation, and finally to a fifth course (cytarabine) or not (n = 227).Overall remission rates were similar for DA versus ADE (84% v 86%; P = .14) and ADE versus FLAG-Ida (86% v 85%; P = .7), with more course 1 remissions after FLAG-Ida (77%) reducing relapse (38% v 55%; P < .001) and improving relapse-free survival (45% v 34%; P = .01), overall and in subgroups, but with increased myelosuppression, reducing participation in the consolidation randomization. Overall outcomes were similar between MACE/MidAc and high-dose cytarabine (1.5/3.0 g/m(2)), but cytarabine required less supportive care. MACE/MidAc was superior for high-risk patients. A fifth course provided no benefit. The outcome for recipients of only two FLAG-Ida courses were not different from that with DA/ADE with consolidation.FLAG-Ida is an effective remission induction treatment, with a high complete remission rate after course 1 and reduced relapse. Consolidation with MACE/MidAc is similar overall to high-dose cytarabine, but superior in high-risk patients. Cytarabine at 1.5 g/m(2) is equivalent to a 3 g/m(2) dose. A fifth course is unnecessary. In patients receiving FLAG-Ida (two courses) and cytarabine (two courses), 8-year survival was 63% for patients with intermediate-risk and 95% for those with favorable-risk disease.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is established in cardiomyopathies
Authors: D. P. Ripley, N. G. Bellenger
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Raju and colleagues did not elaborate on the established role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in their clinical review of inherited cardiomyopathies.1

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy such imaging allows accurate measurement of wall thickness, location of …
Hand muscle strength in COPD: A population based study
Authors: Viktor Johansson, Caroline Stridsman, Jenny Röding, Anne Lindberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a known systemic- or extra pulmonary effect in COPD. The relationship between the severity of the disease according to GOLD’s spirometric criteria and muscle dysfunction is however not clearly explored.   Aim:  To investigate hand grip strength (HGS) in subjects with COPD compared to subjects without airflow obstruction.   Method:  Lung function and HGS was measured according to validated methods in the years of 2009-2010 within the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) COPD-study. HGS, was measured with a hand-held dynamometer (Jamar®) in kilogram-strength (kgf), which has been shown to correlate strongly with both upper- and lower extremity strength. The sample included 441 subjects with COPD according to GOLD criteria (FEV 1 /FVC   Results : Among men, HGS was lower in GOLD III-IV, mean=31.4 kgf, compared to GOLD II, mean=37.2 kgf (p=0.009), GOLD I, mean=36.9 kgf (p=0.024), and subjects without COPD, mean=37.6 kgf (p=0.024). Among women no such correlation was found. In the whole sample, HGS, did not differ significantly between subjects with and without COPD, or COPD stages according to GOLD. No correlation was found between percent predicted FEV 1  but a strong and positive relationship was found between the crude value of FEV 1  and HGS (pearson9s r=0.67).   Conclusion:  Among men, GOLD III-IV was associated with a lower HGS, however not among women.
Hyponatremia in patients treated with terlipressin for severe gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension
Authors: Elsa Solà, Sabela Lens, Mónica Guevara, Marta Martín-Llahí, Claudia Fagundes, Gustavo Pereira, Marco Pavesi, Javier Fernández, Juan González-Abraldes, Angels Escorsell, Antoni Mas, Jaume Bosch, Vicente Arroyo, Pere Ginès
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Terlipressin is frequently used in acute variceal bleeding due to its powerful effect on vasopressin V1 receptors. Although terlipressin is also a partial agonist of renal vasopressin V2 receptors, its effects on serum sodium concentration have not been specifically investigated. To examine the effects of terlipressin on serum sodium concentration in patients with acute portal-hypertensive bleeding, 58 consecutive patients with severe portal-hypertensive bleeding treated with terlipressin were investigated. In the whole population, serum sodium decreased from 134.9 ± 6.6 mEq/L to 130.5 ± 7.7 mEq/L ( P = 0.002). Thirty-nine patients (67%) had a decrease in serum sodium ≥ 5 mEq/L during treatment: in 18 patients (31%), between 5 and 10 mEq/L and in 21 patients (36%), greater than 10 mEq/L. In this latter group, serum sodium decreased from 137.2 ± 5 to 120.5 ± 5 mEq/L ( P &lt; 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the reduction in serum sodium was related to baseline serum sodium and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score; patients with low MELD and normal or near-normal baseline serum sodium had the highest risk of hyponatremia. Serum sodium returned to baseline values in most patients shortly after cessation of therapy. Three of the 21 patients with marked reduction in serum sodium developed neurological manifestations, including osmotic demyelination syndrome in one patient due to a rapid recovery of serum sodium (serum sodium in these three patients decreased from 135, 130, and 136 to 117, 114, and 109 mEq/L, respectively). Conclusion: An acute reduction in serum sodium concentration is common during treatment with terlipressin for severe portal-hypertensive bleeding. It develops rapidly after start of therapy, may be severe in some patients and is associated with neurological complications, and is usually reversible after terlipressin withdrawal. (Hepatology 2010
A Radioimmunometric Antibody-Binding Assay for Evaluation of Xenoantisera to Melanoma-Associated Antigens23
Authors: Richard P. McCabe, Vito Quaranta, Luciano Frugis, Soldano Ferrone, Ralph A. Reisfeld
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

A radioimmunometric antibody-binding assay was developed with the use of 125I-labeled protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (SpA) for the evaluation of xenoantisera to human melanoma-associated antigens. Antisera were produced in New Zealand male albino rabbits by the injection of cultured human melanoma cells or soluble, partially purified melanoma-associated antigens isolated from these cells. Xenoantlsera were rendered operationally specific for melanoma-associated antigens by absorption with human red cells and cultured lymphoblasts. The methodologic parameters and the quantitative relationships among xenoantisera, cultured melanoma target cells, and 125I-labeled SpA and their effect on the measurement of xenoantibody binding were critically evaluated. Data indicated the usefulness of the radioimmunometric assay in monitoring the efficacy of absorption and in characterizing the specificity of xenoantisera to melanoma-associated antigens. The radioimmunometric binding assay when modified and used as a binding inhibition assay was effective in the assessment of the serologic activity of soluble melanoma-associated antigens and thus may be used to monitor the progress of antigen purification.
In vitro generation of antigen-specific hemolytic plaque-forming cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Authors: J Misiti, T A Waldmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

We have described a culture and assay system for the sensitization of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a T cell-dependent antigen, sheep erythrocytes, in the absence of nonspecific stimulatory agents and with the subsequent generation of macroscopic hemolytic plaques. We have shown that the antibody produced by the plaque-forming cells generated in this culture system is specific for the sensitizing antigen, and that the plaques created are not false plaques because their formation is inhibited by cycloheximide. The success of this system can be attributed to several critical factors including large numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (5 x 10(6) culture), a prolonged period of incubation (10-11 d), continuous rocking during the entire period of incubation, culturing in large (35-mm) flat-bottomed culture dishes in the presence of human plasma, and the appropriate antigen concentration (5 x 10(6) sheep erythrocytes/culture). Furthermore, the generation of macroscopic hemolytic plaques requires plaquing sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cells in target cell monolayers fixed in an agarose matrix with an incubation period of 2-3 h. We have further shown that the antigen-specific response measured by this system is dependent on adherent cells and T lymphocytes. At least one population of the helper T cells is sensitive to 2,000 rad irradiation. This system is simple, sensitive, and should serve as an effective tool for the analysis of cellular interactions involved in the generation of human antigen-specific plaque-forming cells, the genetic control the human immune response, and the pathophysiology of altered immunoregulation in disease.
Influence of Hepatic Steatosis (Fatty Liver) on Severity and Composition of Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Frederico G.S. Toledo, Allan D. Sniderman, David E. Kelley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

The objective of this study was to examine the associations between the severity of hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes, including circulating apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) concentrations and lipoprotein particle size and numbers.Computed tomography imaging was used to assess hepatic fat content and adipose tissue distribution in 67 men and women with type 2 diabetes, withdrawn from antidiabetic medications preceding the study. Fasting serum lipoprotein number and size was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Insulin sensitivity was measured with a glucose clamp and a [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose isotope infusion.Two-thirds of the cohort had fatty liver. Hepatic steatosis correlated with serum triglycerides (r = 0.40, P < 0.01) and lower HDL cholesterol (r = -0.31, P < 0.05). ApoB and LDL cholesterol did not, being virtually identical in those with or without steatosis. The association between serum triglycerides and hepatic steatosis was largely accounted for by greater triglyceride enrichment in VLDL particles, which were larger. Severe steatosis was also associated with 70% higher small, dense LDL concentrations. Visceral obesity did not fully explain these associations, and hepatic steatosis was better correlated with triglycerides than with hyperglycemia or hepatic insulin resistance (P > 0.05).The presence of hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes does not appear to affect apoB levels, but potentially increases atherogenesis by increasing triglycerides, reducing HDL levels, and increasing small, dense LDL.
HETEROGENEITY OF THE CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors: Robert C. Bast, Blanche A. Simpson, Harold F. Dvorak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Antigen-mediated stimulation of thymidine incorporation was demonstrated in lymph node cells from guinea pigs immunized with 100 microg human serum albumin in either Freund's incomplete or Freund's complete adjuvant. Animals receiving HSA in IFA exhibited both cutaneous basophil (Jones-Mote) hypersensitivity and lymphocyte stimulation at 1, but not at 6 wk after immunization. Significant stimulation required >/= 10 microg HSA/ml of culture. Sensitization with HSA in CFA produced delayed hypersensitivity and permitted lymphocyte stimulation at both 1 and 6 wk. Stimulation was observed with as little as 0.1 microg HSA/ml at the later interval. Administration of 5 mg HSA intravenously at the time of sensitization with 100 microg HSA in IFA reduced but did not eliminate both CBH and lymphocyte stimulation at 1 wk. Antigen-specific inhibition of macrophage migration could be demonstrated with exudates from animals immunized with HSA in CFA, but not with HSA in IFA at 3 wk after sensitization. HSA was cleared from depots of CFA and IFA at similar rates, but significantly more antigen appeared in the plasma and subsequently in the draining lymph nodes following administration in IFA. Conversely, accumulated antigen disappeared more rapidly following CFA immunization.
Human Coronary Arteriolar Dilation to Arachidonic Acid Depends on Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase and Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Activated K <sup>+</sup> Channels
Authors: Hiroto Miura, David D. Gutterman
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a crucial role in regulating vascular tone, especially in resistance vessels. It has been proposed that metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), formed by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase (P450), are endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs). These metabolites have been reported to mediate dilation to endogenous vasoactive compounds, such as bradykinin and acetylcholine. However, it is not known whether these metabolites of AA contribute to dilation of human resistance vessels. This is important since it has been proposed that EDHF serves as a compensatory mechanism to maintain dilation in disease states. Therefore, we studied the effect of AA on vessel diameter and VSMC membrane potential in isolated human coronary microvessels. Arterioles (81±5 μm, n=70) were dissected from right atrial appendages at the time of cardiac surgery and cannulated at a distending pressure of 60 mm Hg and zero flow. Changes in internal diameter were recorded with videomicroscopy. Some vessels were impaled with glass microelectrodes to measure membrane potential of VSMCs while internal diameters were simultaneously recorded. After constriction (47±2%) with endothelin-1, AA (10 −10 to 10 −5 mol/L) induced substantial dilation of human coronary microvessels, which was abolished by removal of the endothelium. Treatment with 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA, 10 −5 mol/L; a P450 inhibitor) attenuated maximal dilation to AA (49±9% versus 91±4% [control]; P &lt;0.05 versus control), whereas indomethacin (INDO, 10 −5 mol/L; a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and N ω -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 −4 mol/ l ; a NO synthase inhibitor) were without effect. Both 17-ODYA and miconazole (10 −5 mol/L, a chemically distinct P450 inhibitor) further reduced the dilation to AA in the presence of INDO. The presence of 40 mmol/L KCl or charybdotoxin (10 −8 mol/L, a blocker of large-conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels) impaired dilation to AA (19±9% [KCl] versus 76±5% [control] and 47±6% [charybdotoxin] versus 91±3% [control]; P &lt;0.05 for both). After depolarization with endothelin-1 (−26±1 mV from −48±3 mV [before endothelin]), AA (10 −5 mol/L) in the presence of INDO and L-NAME induced hyperpolarization of VSMCs (−57±5 mV). In the presence of 17-ODYA together with INDO and L-NAME, endothelin produced similar depolarization (−26±2 mV from – 48±3 mV), but hyperpolarization to AA was reduced (−33±2 mV; P &lt;0.05 versus absence of 17-ODYA). AA metabolites formed primarily by P450 produce potent endothelium-dependent dilation of human coronary arterioles via opening of Ca 2+ -activated K + channels and hyperpolarization of VSMCs. These findings support an important role for P450 metabolites in the regulation of human coronary arteriolar tone.
Clinicopathological features of pyothorax-associated lymphoma; a retrospective survey involving 98 patients
Authors: H. Narimatsu, Y. Ota, M. Kami, K. Takeuchi, R. Suzuki, K. Matsuo, T. Matsumura, K. Yuji, Y. Kishi, T. Hamaki, U. Sawada, S. Miyata, T. Sasaki, K. Tobinai, M. Kawabata, Y. Atsuta, Y. Tanaka, R. Ueda, S. Nakamura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Dermoscopy Improves Accuracy of Primary Care Physicians to Triage Lesions Suggestive of Skin Cancer
Authors: Giuseppe Argenziano, Susana Puig, Iris Zalaudek, Francesco Sera, Rosamaria Corona, Mercè Alsina, Filomena Barbato, Cristina Carrera, Gerardo Ferrara, Antonio Guilabert, Daniela Massi, Juan A. Moreno-Romero, Carlos Muñoz-Santos, Gianluca Petrillo, Sonia Segura, H. Peter Soyer, Renato Zanchini, Josep Malvehy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose Primary care physicians (PCPs) constitute an appropriate target for new interventions and educational campaigns designed to increase skin cancer screening and prevention. The aim of this randomized study was to determine whether the adjunct of dermoscopy to the standard clinical examination improves the accuracy of PCPs to triage lesions suggestive of skin cancer. Patients and Methods PCPs in Barcelona, Spain, and Naples, Italy, were given a 1-day training course in skin cancer detection and dermoscopic evaluation, and were randomly assigned to the dermoscopy evaluation arm or naked-eye evaluation arm. During a 16-month period, 73 physicians evaluated 2,522 patients with skin lesions who attended their clinics and scored individual lesions as benign or suggestive of skin cancer. All patients were re-evaluated by expert dermatologists at clinics for pigmented lesions. Referral accuracy of both PCP groups was calculated by their scores, which were compared to those tabulated for dermatologists. Results Referral sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 54.1%, 71.3%, 11.3%, and 95.8%, respectively, in the naked-eye arm, and 79.2%, 71.8%, 16.1%, and 98.1%, respectively, in the dermoscopy arm. Significant differences were found in terms of sensitivity and negative predictive value (P = .002 and P = .004, respectively). Histopathologic examination of equivocal lesions revealed 23 malignant skin tumors missed by PCPs performing naked-eye observation and only six by PCPs using dermoscopy (P = .002). Conclusion The use of dermoscopy improves the ability of PCPs to triage lesions suggestive of skin cancer without increasing the number of unnecessary expert consultations.