tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Cardiovascular Adjustments to Rapid Changes in Skin Temperature during Exercise
Authors: LORING B. ROWELL, JOHN A. MURRAY, GEORGE L. BRENGELMANN, KENNETH K. KRANING
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

In 11 normal men, central circulatory responses were measured while skin temperature was changed in a square-wave pattern during uninterrupted exercise (26% to 64% maximal oxygen consumption). Skin temperature was changed at 30-minute intervals, beginning at 32°C. On raising it to 38.2°C at low oxygen consumption (V · o 2 ), cardiac output increased 2.5 liters/min, and central blood volume, aortic mean pressure, and stroke volume fell (7%, 7%, and 11%, respectively). Right atrial mean pressure fell 2.2 and 2.3 mm Hg during control and heating periods, respectively. All variables returned to control levels when skin temperature was reduced toward 26.9°C. Raising it to 40°C reproduced these changes with a more clear-cut drop in right atrial mean pressure. Results indicated reduced peripheral venous tone and cutaneous pooling of blood during heating and rapid reversal on cooling. On raising skin temperature to 38.7°C at high V · o 2 , cardiac output increased 19% (3.1 liters/min), stroke volume decreased 14%, and central blood volume rose slightly. Aortic mean pressure fell during the control period and was maintained or rose during heating periods. On cooling, central blood volume and stroke volume rose, cardiac output remained elevated, and aortic mean pressure fell. Increases in cardiac output during heating were related to skin temperature and not to V · o 2 or body temperature. At high V · o 2 , circulatory adjustments favor metabolic rather than thermoregulatory demands.
A Chemosensitization Screen Identifies TP53RK, a Kinase that Restrains Apoptosis after Mitotic Stress
Authors: David Peterson, James Lee, Xingye C. Lei, William F. Forrest, David P. Davis, Peter K. Jackson, Lisa D. Belmont
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Taxanes are very effective at causing mitotic arrest; however, there is variability among cancer cells in the apoptotic response to mitotic arrest. The variability in clinical efficacy of taxane-based therapy is likely a reflection of this variability in apoptotic response, thus elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the apoptotic response to mitotic stress could lead to improved clinical strategies. To identify genes whose expression influences the rate and extent of apoptosis after mitotic arrest, we screened a kinase-enriched small interfering RNA library for effects on caspase activation in response to maximally effective doses of paclitaxel, a PLK1 inhibitor, or cisplatin. Small interfering RNA oligonucleotides directed against an atypical protein kinase, TP53RK, caused the greatest increase in caspase-3/7 activation in response to antimitotic agents. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that cells entered mitosis with normal kinetics, but died after entry into mitosis in the presence of paclitaxel more rapidly when TP53RK was depleted. Because expression levels of TP53RK vary in cancers, TP53RK levels could provide a molecular marker to predict response to antimitotic agents. TP53RK inhibition may also sensitize cancers to taxanes.
Delving deeper into MALT lymphoma biology
Authors: F. Bertoni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas can arise in a variety of extranodal sites. Interestingly, at least 3 different, apparently site-specific, chromosomal translocations, all affecting the NF-κB pathway, have been implicated in the development and progression of MALT lymphoma. The most common is the translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21), which results in a fusion of the cIAP2 region on chromosome 11q21 with the MALT1 gene on chromosome 18q21 and is present in more than one-third of cases. The frequency of this translocation is site-related: common in the gastrointestinal tract and lung, rare in conjunctiva and orbit, and almost absent in salivary glands, thyroid, liver, and skin. In this issue of the JCI, Hu et al. add to our understanding of the molecular consequences of this translocation, showing that its fusion product, cIAP2-MALT1, may concomitantly contribute to lymphomagenesis both as a tumor suppressor gene and as an oncogene.
Taking a closer look at IBD
Authors: Laurence J Egan, William Sandborn
Journal: Gut (2013)

Healthcare professionals caring for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in 2013 are equipped with significantly better knowledge about the disease, its variations, course and complications than in years gone by. Treatment options are improving, and perhaps more importantly, our knowledge of when and how to use existing treatments is becoming sharper. For these reasons, we have decided to publish a special issue of Gut in 2013 focusing on IBD. In this special edition, we have invited leading experts to review the current state of knowledge on six important aspects of IBD.

Perhaps the greatest recent scientific advances, enabled by high-throughput sequencing and other technologies,1 have been a deeper understanding of the genetic factors that are linked to IBD susceptibility in conjunction with alterations in the intestinal microbiome in patients.2 ,3 While much remains to be done in understanding the interactions between the genome and the …
A Bibliography of Mental Patients’ Autobiographies: An Update and Classification System
Authors: R Sommer, J S Clifford, J C Norcross
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Objective: This article brings to the present earlier bibliographies of books written by former mental patients. These books provide an inside view of mental disorder that can be useful in teaching, public education, theory, and research, and they have played a catalyzing role in mental health reform and in theory development. Method: The authors list seven anthologies and 48 autobiographies of former patients published since 1980 and introduce a classification system intended to increase the research value of this important archive.Results: Recent books of this genre show more individuals with a mood disorder and more therapists and more women as authors.Conclusions: The research potential of these books suggests the value of an electronic database for classifying and retrieving the information they contain. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1261-1264
Psychological stress induces eosinophils to produce corticotrophin releasing hormone in the intestine
Authors: P-Y Zheng, B-S Feng, C Oluwole, S Struiksma, X Chen, P Li, S-G Tang, P-C Yang
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Background and aims:</h3> Psychological stress plays an important role in an array of intestinal disorders. Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) is involved in the pathogenic process induced by psychological stress. The peripheral sources of CRH remain to be further understood. This paper aims to identify the sources of CRH in the intestine. <h3>Methods and results:</h3> Mice were treated with chronic restraint stress. A double-labelling approach was taken to localise CRH expression in immune cells (including dendritic cells, mast cells, lymphocytes, enterochromaffin cells and eosinophils) in the intestine by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. As CRH was identified in eosinophils, a cell line of eosinophil, EoL-1 cells were treated with an array of putative stress mediators. The results showed that substance P (SP) induced the expression/release of CRH in eosinophils via neurokinin receptor 1 and 2. Co-culturing SP-primed eosinophils with the mast cell line, HMC-1 cells, we found that HMC-1 cells were activated by eosinophil-derived CRH that further induced T84 monolayer barrier dysfunction, which was further confirmed by a mouse model study. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Eosinophils express CRH in the jejunum in response to psychological stress. SP and its receptors mediate the effect of stress in the CRH expression in eosinophils. Eosinophil-derived CRH activates mast cells to induce the jejunum epithelial barrier dysfunction.
FIBRIN AND SERUM AS A CULTURE MEDIUM
Authors: Albert H. Ebeling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

A technique is described by which a medium composed of fibrinogen suspension, serum, and embryo juice may be made. Fibroblasts grew in this medium about as well as in plasma and embryo juice. A strain of connective tissue in this medium remained practically as active as the control for several passages.
Ventricular asynchrony predicts a better outcome in patients with chronic heart failure receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Maria Vittoria Pitzalis, Massimo Iacoviello, Roberta Romito, Pietro Guida, Elisabetta De Tommasi, Giovanni Luzzi, Matteo Anaclerio, Cinzia Forleo, Paolo Rizzon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Doxorubicin Followed by Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil for Breast Cancer-Reply
Authors: G. Bonadonna, M. Zambetti, P. Valagussa
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The Table summarizes the comparative adjuvant results reported by the research groups<sup>1-3</sup>quoted in the letter from Dr Michaelson. Although we concur in stating the limits of interseries comparisons, particularly when treatment results are at different follow-up periods, available findings reiterate the efficacy of our sequential drug regimen. We believe that doxorubicin followed by CMF represents a step forward in the control of occult micrometastases at the expense of minimal important toxicity. However, for clinicians who consider that in any clinical situation only results from prospective trials comparing newer vs older treatments commit them to apply an innovative therapy, we do not exclude the possibility that in the future some cooperative groups will offer the final verdict.
Quantifying the Phylodynamic Forces Driving Papillomavirus Evolution
Authors: M. Gottschling, M. Goker, A. Stamatakis, O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, I. Nindl, I. G. Bravo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

The associations between pathogens and their hosts are complex and can result from a variety of evolutionary processes including codivergence, lateral transfer, or duplication. Papillomaviruses (PVs) are double-stranded DNA viruses ubiquitously present in mammals and are a suitable target for rigorous statistical tests of potential virus-host codivergence. We analyze the evolutionary dynamics of PV diversification by comparing robust phylogenies of PVs and their respective hosts using different statistical approaches to assess topological and branch-length congruence. Mammalian PVs segregated into four diverse major clades that overlapped to varying degrees in terms of their mammalian host lineages. The hypothesis that PVs and hosts evolved independently was globally rejected (P = 0.0001), although only 90 of 207 virus-host associations (43%) were significant in individual tests. Virus-host codivergence accounted roughly for one-third of the evolutionary events required to reconcile PV-host evolutionary histories. When virus-host associations were analyzed locally within each of the four viral clades, numerous independent topological congruencies were identified that were incompatible with respect to the global trees. These results support an evolutionary scenario in which early PV radiation was followed by independent codivergence between viruses within each of the major clades and their hosts. Moreover, heterogeneous groups of closely related PVs infecting non-related hosts suggest several interspecies transmission events. Our results argue thus for the importance of alternative events in PV evolution, in contrast to the prevailing opinion that these viruses show a high degree of host specificity and codivergence.
Epstein-Barr virus associated graft failure following heart/lung transplantation.
Authors: J J Egan, J P Stewart, P S Hasleton, N Yonan, P Bishop, J R Arrand, A N Rahman, K B Carroll, A A Woodcock
Journal: Thorax (1996)

A case is described of late pulmonary graft failure in a heart/lung transplant recipient. The major characteristics were alveolar fibrosis and a restrictive physiological deficit. Epstein-Barr virus was implicated as an aetiological agent using immunohistochemical analysis and by a response to treatment with ganciclovir.
Leukemic marrow infiltration reveals a novel role for Egr3 as a potent inhibitor of normal hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
Authors: Hui Cheng, Sha Hao, Yanfeng Liu, Yakun Pang, Shihui Ma, Fang Dong, Jing Xu, Guoguang Zheng, Shaoguang Li, Weiping Yuan, Tao Cheng
Journal: Blood (2015)
Deletion of LOX-1 Reduces Atherogenesis in LDLR Knockout Mice Fed High Cholesterol Diet
Authors: Jawahar L. Mehta, Nobuhito Sanada, Chang Ping Hu, Jiawei Chen, Abhijit Dandapat, Fumiaki Sugawara, Hiroo Satoh, Kazuhiko Inoue, Yosuke Kawase, Kou-ichi Jishage, Hiroshi Suzuki, Motohiro Takeya, Laura Schnackenberg, Richard Beger, Paul L. Hermonat, Maria Thomas, Tatsuya Sawamura
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Atherosclerosis is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, and upregulation of LOX-1, an endothelial receptor for oxidized LDL (oxLDL). Here, we describe generation of LOX-1 knockout (KO) mice in which binding of oxLDL to aortic endothelium was reduced and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation preserved after treatment with oxLDL ( P &lt;0.01 versus wild-type mice). To address whether endothelial functional preservation might lead to reduction in atherogenesis, we crossed LOX-1 KO mice with LDLR KO mice and fed these mice 4% cholesterol/10% cocoa butter diet for 18 weeks. Atherosclerosis was found to cover 61±2% of aorta in the LDLR KO mice, but only 36±3% of aorta in the double KO mice. Luminal obstruction and intima thickness were significantly reduced in the double KO mice (versus LDLR KO mice). Expression of redox-sensitive NF-κB and the inflammatory marker CD68 in LDLR KO mice was increased ( P &lt;0.01 versus wild-type mice), but not in the double KO mice. On the other hand, antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression and superoxide dismutase activity were low in the LDLR KO mice ( P &lt;0.01 versus wild-type mice), but not in the double KO mice. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression was also preserved in the double KO mice. The proinflammatory signal MAPK P38 was activated in the LDLR KO mice, and LOX-1 deletion reduced this signal. In conclusion, LOX-1 deletion sustains endothelial function leading to a reduction in atherogenesis in association with reduction in proinflammatory and prooxidant signals.
Inflammation: Depression Fans the Flames and Feasts on the Heat
Authors: Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser, Heather M. Derry, Christopher P. Fagundes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Depression and inflammation fuel one another. Inflammation plays a key role in depression's pathogenesis for a subset of depressed individuals; depression also primes larger cytokine responses to stressors and pathogens that do not appear to habituate. Accordingly, treatment decisions may be informed by attention to questions of how (pathways) and for whom (predispositions) these links exist, which are the focus of this article. When combined with predisposing factors (moderators such as childhood adversity and obesity), stressors and pathogens can lead to exaggerated or prolonged inflammatory responses. The resulting sickness behaviors (e.g., pain, disturbed sleep), depressive symptoms, and negative health behaviors (e.g., poor diet, a sedentary lifestyle) may act as mediating pathways that lead to further, unrestrained inflammation and depression. Depression, childhood adversity, stressors, and diet can all influence the gut microbiome and promote intestinal permeability, another pathway to enhanced inflammatory responses. Larger, more frequent, or more prolonged inflammatory responses could have negative mental and physical health consequences. In clinical practice, inflammation provides a guide to potential targets for symptom management by signaling responsiveness to certain therapeutic strategies. For example, a theme across research with cytokine antagonists, omega-3 fatty acids, celecoxib, and exercise is that anti-inflammatory interventions have a substantially greater impact on mood in individuals with heightened inflammation. Thus, when inflammation and depression co-occur, treating them in tandem may enhance recovery and reduce the risk of recurrence. The bidirectional links between depression, inflammation, and disease suggest that effective depression treatments could have a far-reaching impact on mood, inflammation, and health.
Lipid Management in Chronic Kidney Disease: Synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2013 Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Marcello Tonelli, Christoph Wanner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) organization developed a clinical practice guideline in 2013 on lipid management and treatment of all adults and children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). All forms of CKD are included (non-dialysis-dependent, dialysis-dependent, and kidney transplant recipients).The KDIGO Lipid Guideline Development Work Group defined the scope of the guideline, gathered evidence, determined topics for systematic review, and graded the quality of evidence that had been summarized by an evidence review team. Searches of the English-language literature were conducted through August 2011 and supplemented by targeted searches through June 2013. Final modification of the guidelines was informed by the KDIGO Board of Directors and a public review process involving registered stakeholders.The full guideline includes 13 recommendations; a key element was the recommendation for statin or statin with ezetimibe treatment of adults aged 50 years or older with estimated glomerular filtration rates less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 but not treated with long-term dialysis or kidney transplantation. This synopsis focuses on 8 recommendations pertinent to assessment of lipid status and treatment with a statin-based regimen in adults.
Bisphenol A in combination with TNF-α selectively induces Th2 cell-promoting dendritic cells in vitro with an estrogen-like activity
Authors: Hongchuan Guo, Tianyi Liu, Yasushi Uemura, Shunchang Jiao, Deqing Wang, Zilin Lin, Yayoi Narita, Motoharu Suzuki, Narumi Hirosawa, Yasuko Ichihara, Osamu Ishihara, Hirosato Kikuchi, Yasushi Sakamoto, Satoru Senju, Qiuhang Zhang, Feng Ling
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2010)
Favre-Racouchot syndrome: a novel two-step treatment approach using the carbon dioxide laser
Authors: S. Rai, V. Madan, P.J. August, J.E. Ferguson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Favre-Racouchot syndrome (FRS) is both disfiguring and difficult to treat. Available medical and surgical therapies are of variable efficacy. Most treatments do not achieve complete resolution and do not show maintenance of therapeutic response.To assess the response to a novel two-step treatment using the CO2 laser in patients with FRS.Seven patients with FRS were treated with the CO2 laser in resurfacing mode with manual expression of comedones under infiltrative local anaesthesia. The procedure was completed in one treatment session lasting 30 min and the wound was left to heal by secondary intention. A topical antibiotic was applied to treated areas, which were covered with a nonadherent dressing. All patients were assessed 3 months postoperatively by the operating laser surgeon and a visual assessment of clinical response to treatment in comparison with pretreatment photographs was made. Patient satisfaction was also recorded.All patients achieved complete resolution of FRS. The follow-up duration for our cohort ranged from 8 months to 3 years. Two patients required further treatment within a 2-3-year period from initial treatment. Disease relapse was noted over 1 year after the primary treatment; both these cases were smokers and repeat treatment with similar laser parameters maintained reproducible results. Our longest disease-free follow-up duration was 3 years postprimary treatment. The laser surgeons and patients reported high levels of therapeutic benefit and satisfaction with the results.This two-step treatment of FRS (CO2 laser resurfacing and manual pressure-induced expression of comedones) is an effective and durable treatment for FRS with an excellent cosmetic outcome. Long-term follow-up beyond 3 years is planned to determine whether later recurrence occurs with this technique.
Medical Malpractice: A Physician's Sourcebook
Authors: David Hsia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes15 February 2005Medical Malpractice: A Physician's SourcebookDavid Hsia, JD, MD, MPHDavid Hsia, JD, MD, MPHFrom U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-4-200502150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Medical Malpractice: A Physician's Sourcebook Anderson RE, ed. 300 pages. Totowa, NJ: Humana Pr; 2005. $59.50. ISBN 1588293890. Order at www.humanapress.com.Field of medicine: All fields.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Practitioners desiring to minimize the risk for becoming a malpractice defendant or testifying as an expert witness.Purpose: To provide an overview of malpractice law and its implications for selected medical specialties.Content: The 17 chapters are grouped into 4 parts: insurance, law, clinical implications, and reform prospects.Highlights: All clinicians will benefit from understanding part I (insurance underwriting) and part II (theory of malpractice law, discovery process, and being ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 2005Volume 142, Issue 4Page: 312KeywordsAnesthesiologyEmergency medicineHealth care qualityHealth services researchPlastic surgeryResearch quality assessmentSoftware toolsTelemedicine ePublished: 15 February 2005 Issue Published: 15 February 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Best of Both Worlds? Bitopic Orthosteric/Allosteric Ligands of G Protein–Coupled Receptors
Authors: Celine Valant, J. Robert Lane, Patrick M. Sexton, Arthur Christopoulos
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2011)

It is now acknowledged that G protein-coupled receptors, the largest class of drug targets, adopt multiple active states that can be preferentially stabilized by orthosteric ligands or allosteric modulators, thus giving rise to the phenomenon of pathway-biased signaling. In the past few years, researchers have begun to explore the potential of linking orthosteric and allosteric pharmacophores to yield bitopic hybrid ligands. This approach is an extension of the more traditional bivalent ligand concept and shares some of the same challenges, including the choice and role of the linker between the two pharmacophores and the validation of mechanism of action. Nonetheless, the promise of bitopic ligands is the generation of novel chemical tools that have improved affinity and/or selectivity profiles. Previously identified functionally selective compounds (and medicines) also may act via a bitopic mechanism, suggesting that the phenomenon is more widespread than currently appreciated.