tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive ventilation during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with severe ventilatory impairment
Authors: Mafalda van Zeller, Rosa Ramalho, Susana Rodrigues, Miguel R. Gonçalves, João Carlos Winck, Guilherme Macedo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) and severe bulbar muscle impairment may be at respiratory failure risk during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG).Noninvasive ventilation(NIV) might reduce the risk of respiratory complications in patients with severe ventilatory impairment(SVI).   Objective To report the outcomes of PEG placement with NIV in ALS patients with SVI.   Methods Retrospective study including ALS patients with severe bulbar muscle impairment and indication for PEG placement. Pre-PEG pulmonary data was analyzed. Procedure was performed under nasal NIV using patients home bi-level ventilator. Vital signs, estimated tidal volumes and air-leaks were monitored. Due to increases in mouth air-leaks during the procedure ventilator parameters were readjusted.Low flow oxygen was only for SpO2   Results Ten patients(mean age 68.2 years) were included. Six patients didn9t require hospital admission. Patient9s pre-PEG pulmonary assessment is in Table1.  All patients used home NIV for 5,9±10 months(mean daily use 14h:32)  Patients started the procedure with mean IPAP-19.2±3 and EPAP-6,7±1,5 mmH2O. All patients successfully underwent PEG placement with no complications, tolerated the ventilator adjustments maintaining SpO2>95%.1month survival was 100%   Conclusion NIV allows successful PEG placement in ALS patients with severe ventilatory impairment.
Resistance to <i>Leishmania major</i> is Linked to the H2 Region on Chromosome 17 and to Chromosome 9
Authors: Lynden J. Roberts, Tracey M. Baldwin, Joan M. Curtis, Emanuela Handman, Simon J. Foote
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

In Leishmaniasis, as in many infectious diseases, clinical manifestations are determined by the interaction between the genetics of the host and of the parasite. Here we describe studies mapping two loci controlling resistance to murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. Mice infected with L. major show marked genetic differences in disease manifestations: BALB/c mice are susceptible, exhibiting enlarging lesions that progress to systemic disease and death, whereas C57BL/6 are resistant, developing small, self-healing lesions. F2 animals from a C57BL/6 × BALB/c cross showed a continuous distribution of lesion score. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been mapped after a non-parametric QTL analysis on a genome-wide scan on 199 animals. QTLs identified were confirmed in a second cross of 271 animals. Linkage was confirmed to a chromosome 9 locus (D9Mit67–D9Mit71) and to a region including the H2 locus on chromosome 17. These have been named lmr2 and lmr1, respectively.
Randomized Trial Testing the Effect of Peer Education at Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake
Authors: D B Buller, C Morrill, D Taren, M Aickin, L Sennott-Miller, M K Buller, L Larkey, C Alatorre, T M Wentzel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

The National Cancer Institute recommends that Americans eat at least five daily servings of fruits and vegetables. National strategies to increase consumption may not reach minority and lower socioeconomic populations. In a randomized trial, peer education was tested for effectiveness at increasing fruit and vegetable intake among lower socioeconomic, multicultural labor and trades employees.Employees (n = 2091) completed a baseline survey and received an 18-month intervention program through standard communication channels (e.g., workplace mail, cafeteria promotions, and speakers). Ninety-three social networks (cliques) of employees were identified, which were pair matched on intake. At an interim survey (during months 8 and 9), 11 cliques no longer existed and 41 matched pairs of cliques containing 905 employees remained, with one clique per pair being randomly assigned to the peer education intervention. Employees who were central in the communication flow of the peer intervention cliques served as peer educators during the last 9 months of the intervention program. Fruit and vegetable intake was measured with 24-hour intake recall and with food-frequency questions in baseline, outcome (i.e., at 18 months), and 6-month follow-up surveys. All P values are two-sided.By use of multiple regression, statistically significant overall effects of the peer education program were seen in the intake recall (increase of 0.77 total daily servings; P<.0001) and the food-frequency (increase of 0.46 total daily servings; P =.002) questions at the outcome survey. The effect on the total number of servings persisted at the 6-month follow-up survey when measured by the intake recall (increase of 0.41 total daily servings; P =.034) but not the food-frequency (decrease of 0.04 total daily servings; P =.743) questions.Peer education appears to be an effective means of achieving an increase in fruit and vegetable intake among lower socioeconomic, multicultural adult employees.
Polymorphisms in the Hsp70 gene locus are genetically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Barbara G Fürnrohr, Sven Wach, Jennifer A Kelly, Martin Haslbeck, Christian K Weber, Christian M Stach, Axel J Hueber, Daniela Graef, Bernd M Spriewald, Karin Manger, Martin Herrmann, Kenneth M Kaufman, Summer G Frank, Ellen Goodmon, Judith A James, Georg Schett, Thomas H Winkler, John B Harley, Reinhard E Voll
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play a role in the delivery and presentation of antigenic peptides and are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases. Objective To investigate genes encoding cytosolic Hsp70 proteins for associations of allelic variants with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Case–control studies of two independent Caucasian SLE cohorts were performed. In a haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphism approach, common variants of HspA1L , HspA1A and HspA1B were genotyped and principal component analyses were performed for the cohort from the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF). Relative quantification of mRNA was carried out for each Hsp70 gene in healthy controls. Conditional regression analysis was performed to determine if allelic variants in Hsp70 act independently of HLA-DR3. Results On analysis of common genetic variants of HspA1L , HspA1A and HspA1B , a haplotype significantly associated with SLE in the Erlangen-SLE cohort was identified, which was confirmed in the OMRF cohort. Depending on the cohorts, OR ranging from 1.43 to 1.88 and 2.64 to 3.16 was observed for individuals heterozygous and homozygous for the associated haplotype, respectively. Patients carrying the risk haplotype or the risk allele more often displayed autoantibodies to Ro and La in both cohorts. In healthy controls bearing this haplotype, the amount of HspA1A mRNA was significantly increased, whereas total Hsp70 protein concentration was not altered. Conclusions Allelic variants of the Hsp70 genes are significantly associated with SLE in Caucasians, independently of HLA-DR3, and correlate with the presence of autoantibodies to Ro and La. Hence, the Hsp70 gene locus appears to be involved in SLE pathogenesis.
Incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a national population-based study
Authors: Elizabeth V Arkema, Ronald F van Vollenhoven, Johan Askling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Background Cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare but serious disease, have been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in association with biological therapy, but little is known about the incidence of PML in patients with RA in the absence of treatment exposure. Objective To estimate the incidence rate of PML in patients with RA compared with the general population, with and without exposure to biological agents. Methods Patients with adult onset RA, exposure to biological agents and a diagnosis of PML from 1999 through 2009 were identified from national registries and linked using each Swedish resident's unique personal identification number. General population comparators matched on age, sex and county were also identified. Crude and age- and sex-standardised incidence rates (cases per 100 000 person-years) were calculated with 95% CI. Results 66 278 patients with RA and 286 949 general population comparators were included in the study. The incidence rate of PML in the overall RA population was 1.0 (95% CI 0.3 to 2.5) compared with 0.3 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.6) in the general population. The difference in incidence rate was 0.7 (95% CI −0.3 to 17). Among all patients exposed to biological agents, only one patient was diagnosed with PML. Conclusion Data from this national population-based cohort study suggest that patients with RA may have an increased rate of PML compared with the general population.
Prognostic significance of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: P Benedetto, R Mertelsmann, T H Szatrowski, M Andreeff, T Gee, Z Arlin, S Kempin, B Clarkson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Bone marrow and/or peripheral blood samples from 133 (75%) of a total of 177 consecutive previously untreated protocol patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were analyzed for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity at the time of presentation. Twenty-nine (22%) were found to exhibit TdT activity (greater than or equal to 0.10 U/10(8) cells, TdT+) as measured in a biochemical microassay. There were no differences between TdT+ as compared with TdT-negative (TdT-) patients with respect to age, sex, French-American-British (FAB) classification, or the presence of Auer's rods. Remission induction rates were higher for the TdT- patients, with 68% v 48% for the TdT+ patients (P = .05). TdT- patients also experienced longer remissions (P = .003) than TdT+ patients, especially in the Auer's rod-positive subgroup (P = .002). None of five patients with TdT+ ANLL treated with vincristine and prednisone as initial therapy achieved complete remission; all required induction regimens containing daunorubicin or amsacrine in combination with cytosine arabinoside and 6-thioguanine. It is concluded that TdT activity in ANLL indicates biphenotypia or lineage infidelity and is associated with a poor prognosis on chemotherapy protocols currently used for the treatment of ANLL.
Current trends of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Siberia
Authors: Ekaterina Kulchavenya
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS have reached such proportions worldwide that the development of civil societies is seriously endangered. Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is not well-known, but it is dangerous too.   Material and methods:  Estimates of incidence and spectrum of EPTB in Siberia are presented on the basis of the statistical reports for 1999 – 2009.   Results:  During the last decade the incidence rate of TB in Siberia increased up to 20% (from 116 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1999 up to 139 in 2009). Every year in Siberia there are about 1000 new EPTB patients. Within the last decade the spectrum of EPTB has changed significantly. TB of the central nervous system almost doubled from 4.9% to 8.5%, mostly due to co-morbidity with HIV. Bone and joints TB increased by about half from 20.3% to 30.8%, and among this group especially TB spondylitis with neurological disorders, the most debilitating form of the disease. The proportion of UGTB decreased from 42.9% to 33.9% with change in gender distribution from male: female of 1:2 in 1999 to 1:1 in 2008. In contrary, there was a decrease of peripheral lymph nodes TB from 16.7% to 11.0%, with fistulous disease still frequent. At the end of the last century ocular TB in Siberia accounted for 7.4% and in 2008 (in 2009 listed in “others”) for 4.4% of the patients with EPTB. Accordingly, in 1999 other form of TB accounted for 7.8% and in 2009 for 15.8%.   Conclusion:  In Siberia there is still a severe epidemic situation now. Low living standard, poverty, as well as poor knowledge and ignorance of EPTB both by medical service and population lead to late diagnosis of EPTB with complicated multi-organ forms.
HIP/PAP accelerates liver regeneration and protects against acetaminophen injury in mice
Authors: Hanh-Tu Lieu, Frédéric Batteux, Marie-Thérèse Simon, Alexandre Cortes, Carole Nicco, Flora Zavala, Alain Pauloin, José Guilherme Tralhao, Olivier Soubrane, Bernard Weill, Christian Bréchot, Laurence Christa
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Human hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatic-associated protein HIP/PAP is a secreted C-type lectin belonging to group VII, according to Drickamer's classification. HIP/PAP is overexpressed in liver carcinoma; however, its functional role remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that HIP/PAP is a paracrine hepatic growth factor promoting both proliferation and viability of liver cells in vivo . First, a low number of implanted hepatocytes deriving from HIP/PAP-transgenic mice (&lt;1:1,000) was sufficient to stimulate overall recipient severe combined immunodeficiency liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. After a single injection of HIP/PAP protein, the percentages of bromodeoxyuridine-positive nuclei and mitosis were statistically higher than after saline injection, indicating that HIP/PAP acts as a paracrine mitogenic growth factor for the liver. Comparison of the early events posthepatectomy in control and transgenic mice indicated that HIP/PAP accelerates the accumulation/degradation of nuclear phospho–signal transducer activator transcription factor 3 and tumor necrosis factor α level, thus reflecting that HIP/PAP accelerates liver regeneration. Second, we showed that 80% of the HIP/PAP-transgenic mice versus 25% of the control mice were protected against lethal acetaminophen-induced fulminate hepatitis. A single injection of recombinant HIP/PAP induced a similar cytoprotective effect, demonstrating the antiapoptotic effect of HIP/PAP. Comparison of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione reductase-like effects in control and transgenic liver mice indicated that HIP/PAP exerts an antioxidant activity and prevents reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial damage by acetaminophen overdose. In conclusion , the present data offer new insights into the biological functions of C-type lectins. In addition, HIP/PAP is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of liver failure. (Hepatology 2005;42:618–626.)
Genome and low-iron response of an oceanic diatom adapted to chronic iron limitation
Authors: Markus Lommer, Michael Specht, Alexandra-Sophie Roy, Lars Kraemer, Reidar Andreson, Magdalena A Gutowska, Juliane Wolf, Sonja V Bergner, Markus B Schilhabel, Ulrich C Klostermeier, Robert G Beiko, Philip Rosenstiel, Michael Hippler, Julie LaRoche
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Abstract Background Biogeochemical elemental cycling is driven by primary production of biomass via phototrophic phytoplankton growth, with 40% of marine productivity being assigned to diatoms. Phytoplankton growth is widely limited by the availability of iron, an essential component of the photosynthetic apparatus. The oceanic diatom Thalassiosira oceanica shows a remarkable tolerance to low-iron conditions and was chosen as a model for deciphering the cellular response upon shortage of this essential micronutrient. Results The combined efforts in genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics reveal an unexpected metabolic flexibility in response to iron availability for T. oceanica CCMP1005. The complex response comprises cellular retrenchment as well as remodeling of bioenergetic pathways, where the abundance of iron-rich photosynthetic proteins is lowered, whereas iron-rich mitochondrial proteins are preserved. As a consequence of iron deprivation, the photosynthetic machinery undergoes a remodeling to adjust the light energy utilization with the overall decrease in photosynthetic electron transfer complexes. Conclusions Beneficial adaptations to low-iron environments include strategies to lower the cellular iron requirements and to enhance iron uptake. A novel contribution enhancing iron economy of phototrophic growth is observed with the iron-regulated substitution of three metal-containing fructose-bisphosphate aldolases involved in metabolic conversion of carbohydrates for enzymes that do not contain metals. Further, our data identify candidate components of a high-affinity iron-uptake system, with several of the involved genes and domains originating from duplication events. A high genomic plasticity, as seen from the fraction of genes acquired through horizontal gene transfer, provides the platform for these complex adaptations to a low-iron world.
Humanized anti–interleukin-6 receptor antibody treatment of multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Norihiro Nishimoto, Yuzuru Kanakura, Katsuyuki Aozasa, Takeshi Johkoh, Minoru Nakamura, Shuji Nakano, Nobuaki Nakano, Yasuo Ikeda, Takeshi Sasaki, Kiyoshi Nishioka, Masamichi Hara, Hirokuni Taguchi, Yukihiko Kimura, Yoshiro Kato, Hideki Asaoku, Shunichi Kumagai, Fumio Kodama, Hideko Nakahara, Keisuke Hagihara, Kazuyuki Yoshizaki, Tadamitsu Kishimoto
Journal: Blood (2005)
Long-Term Use of Antidepressants for Depressive Disorders and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Frank Andersohn, René Schade, Samy Suissa, Edeltraut Garbe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: Use of antidepressants has been reported to cause considerable weight gain. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of diabetes mellitus associated with antidepressant treatment and to examine whether the risk is influenced by treatment duration or daily dose. Method: This was a nested case-control study in a cohort of 165,958 patients with depression who received at least one new prescription for an antidepressant between January 1, 1990, and June 30, 2005. Data were from from the U.K. General Practice Research Database. Patients were at least 30 years of age and without diabetes at cohort entry. Results: A total of 2,243 cases of incident diabetes mellitus and 8,963 matched comparison subjects were identified. Compared with no use of antidepressants during the past 2 years, recent long-term use (>24 months) of antidepressants in moderate to high daily doses was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (incidence rate ratio=1.84, 95% CI=1.35–2.52). The magnitude of the risk was similar for long-term use of moderate to high daily doses of tricyclic antidepressants (incidence rate ratio=1.77, 95% CI=1.21–2.59) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (incidence rate ratio=2.06, 95% CI=1.20–3.52). Treatment for shorter periods or with lower daily doses was not associated with an increased risk. Conclusions: Long-term use of antidepressants in at least moderate daily doses was associated with an increased risk of diabetes. This association was observed for both tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Onset and persistence of respiratory/allergic symptoms in preschoolers: new insights from the <scp>PARIS</scp> birth cohort
Authors: F. Rancière, L. Nikasinovic, J. Bousquet, I. Momas
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background The natural course of childhood asthma and allergy is complex and not fully understood. We aimed to identify phenotypes based upon the time course of respiratory/allergic symptoms throughout preschool years. Methods As part of the PARIS cohort, symptoms of wheezing, dry night cough, rhinitis and dermatitis were collected annually from birth to age 4 years. K‐means clustering was used to group into phenotypes children with similar symptoms trajectories over the study period. Associations of phenotypes with IgE sensitization and risk factors were studied using multinomial logistic regression. Results Besides a group with low prevalence of symptoms considered as reference ( n = 1236, 49.0%), four distinct respiratory/allergic phenotypes were identified: two transient [transient rhinitis phenotype ( n = 295, 11.7%), transient wheeze phenotype ( n = 399, 15.8%)], without any relation with IgE sensitization, and two persistent [cough/rhinitis phenotype ( n = 284, 11.3%), dermatitis phenotype ( n = 308, 12.2%)], associated with IgE sensitization. Transient rhinitis phenotype was only associated with tobacco smoke exposure, which could irritate the airways. Transient wheeze phenotype was related to male sex and contact with other children (older siblings, day care attendance). Lastly, risk factors for both IgE‐associated phenotypes encompassed parental history of allergy, potential exposure to allergens and stress, known to be associated with the development of allergic diseases. Conclusion This study provides evidence for the existence of different respiratory/allergic phenotypes before school age. The fact that they differ in terms of sensitization and risk factors reinforces the plausibility of distinct phenotypes, potentially linked to irritation and infections for the transient phenotypes and to allergy for the persistent phenotypes.
Progressive genomic convergence of two<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>strains during mixed infection of a patient with chronic gastritis
Authors: Qizhi Cao, Xavier Didelot, Zhongbiao Wu, Zongwei Li, Lihua He, Yunsheng Li, Ming Ni, Yuanhai You, Xi Lin, Zhen Li, Yanan Gong, Minqiao Zheng, Minli Zhang, Jie Liu, Weijun Wang, Xiaochen Bo, Daniel Falush, Shengqi Wang, Jianzhong Zhang
Journal: Gut (2014)

To study the detailed nature of genomic microevolution during mixed infection with multiple Helicobacter pylori strains in an individual.We sampled 18 isolates from a single biopsy from a patient with chronic gastritis and nephritis. Whole-genome sequencing was applied to these isolates, and statistical genetic tools were used to investigate their evolutionary history.The genomes fall into two clades, reflecting colonisation of the stomach by two distinct strains, and these lineages have accumulated diversity during an estimated 2.8 and 4.2 years of evolution. We detected about 150 clear recombination events between the two clades. Recombination between the lineages is a continuous ongoing process and was detected on both clades, but the effect of recombination in one clade was nearly an order of magnitude higher than in the other. Imputed ancestral sequences also showed evidence of recombination between the two strains prior to their diversification, and we estimate that they have both been infecting the same host for at least 12 years. Recombination tracts between the lineages were, on average, 895 bp in length, and showed evidence for the interspersion of recipient sequences that has been observed in in vitro experiments. The complex evolutionary history of a phage-related protein provided evidence for frequent reinfection of both clades by a single phage lineage during the past 4 years.Whole genome sequencing can be used to make detailed conclusions about the mechanisms of genetic change of H. pylori based on sampling bacteria from a single gastric biopsy.