tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occupational and enviromental determinants of exposure to asbestos in malignant mesothelioma cases
Authors: Soussan Salehpour, Seyed Ali Azin, Ali Cheraghvandi, Mohammad Mehdi Heidari, Sajedeh Mir Mohammad Saadeghi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  The relationship between pleural malignant mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos is currently known, but there is no accurate information regarding high risk occupations and types of exposure in Iran.   Aim and objectives:  As Asbestos is still used in Iran inspite of ban in many other countries, in this study we specified high risk jobs for asbestos exposure and further intervention.   Methods:  In this case-control study, 64 cases with diagnosis of pleural malignant mesothelioma who were admitted in Masih daneshvari hospital between 2001 and 2009 were studied. All the cases and 58 controls participated in a telephone interview for job history and occupational and environmental exposures to asbestos.   Results:  Asbestos exposed occupations in mesothelioma group included corrugated asbestos cement sheet production 11 (%17.2), Insulation 6 (%9.4), construction 6 (%9.4), asbestos warehouse 3 (%4.7), oil and gas shaft drilling 2 (%3.1) and car brake shoe manufacturing 2 (%3.1). In control group the only exposed occupation was construction 8 (%13.79). Odds Ratio calculated for occupational exposure to asbestos was 5.51 (CI=2.26-13.47). Residency in neighbourhood of corrugated asbestos cement sheet production factory was the most prevalent cause for environmental exposure.   Conclusion:  In%46.87 of mesothelioma cases, source of exposure to asbestos was corrugated asbestos cement sheet industry due to employment in the factory, residency in neighbourhood of the factory or use of its products.
Chronic Angiotensin II Infusion But Not Bradykinin Blockade Abolishes the Antiproteinuric Response to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Established Adriamycin Nephrosis
Authors: FRITS H. WAPSTRA, GERJAN NAVIS, PAUL E. DE JONG, DICK DE ZEEUW
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. Angiotensin-convernting enzyme (ACE) inhibition reduces proteinuria in established adriamycin nephrosis. To investigate whether the reduction in proteinuria is due to decreased generation of angiotensin II (AngII) or to decreased degradation of bradykinin, four series of experiments in established adriamycin nephrosis were performed. In the first series, 2 mg/kg lisinopril reduced BP from 117 ± 4 to 67 ± 2 mmHg and proteinuria from 335 ± 66 to 57 ± 10 mg/24 h after 2 wk of treatment. Subsequent continuous intraperitoneal infusion of AngII (250 ng/kg per min) for 2 wk partially restored proteinuria to 180 ± 42 mg/24 h, whereas BP increased to 97 ± 3 mmHg. Subsequent withdrawal of AngII restored the antiproteinuric effects of lisinopril, whereas subsequent withdrawal of lisinopril restored proteinuria to pretreatment values. In the second series, AT1 receptor blockade induced a fall in BP and proteinuria similar to that by lisinopril. In the third series, lisinopril reduced BP from 121 ± 5 to 68 ± 2 mmHg and proteinuria from 355 ± 90 to 101 ± 10 mg/24 h. Subsequent intraperitoneal infusion of bradykinin antagonist (HOE 140; 1 mg/kg per 24 h) for 2 wk did not affect BP (72 ± 2 mmHg) or proteinuria (92 ± 15 mg/24 h). In the fourth series, bradykinin (3 mg/kg per 24 h) was infused for 2 wk to mimic decreased bradykinin breakdown. This did not affect proteinuria, but induced a fall in BP from 114 ± 3 to 93 ± 4 mmHg. The BP-lowering effect of exogenous bradykinin was completely reversed by 1 wk infusion of HOE 140 (93 ± 4 to 113 ± 4 mmHg), while proteinuria remained unchanged. In conclusion, the antiproteinuric effect of ACE inhibition appears to be independent of bradykinin in this model, supporting a main role for reduction of AngII in the antiproteinuric action of ACE inhibition.
Long-term follow-up of a randomized trial of fludarabine–mitoxantrone, compared with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vindesine, prednisone (CHVP), as first-line treatment of elderly patients with advanced, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma before the era of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: C. Foussard, P. Colombat, H. Maisonneuve, C. Berthou, R. Gressin, M.-C. Rousselet, P. Rachieru, B. Pignon, B. Mahé, C. Ghandour, B. Desablens, P. Casassus, T. Lamy, V. Delwail, E. Deconinck
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Group Psychotherapy Supervision and Its Effect on Resident Training
Authors: WILLIAM K. GROSSMAN, EDWARD KARMIOL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors describe their experience with three models of group therapy supervision and their effects on resident trainees. Advantages and disadvantages of the models are discussed. The authors suggest that the use of variable models would meet different trainees' needs, ensuring optimal conditions for learning and therapy and minimal resistance to supervision.
Lineage-specific expansion of the Zinc Finger Associated Domain ZAD
Authors: Ho-Ryun Chung, Ulrike Löhr, Herbert Jäckle
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

The zinc finger associated domain (ZAD), present in almost 100 distinct proteins, characterizes the largest subgroup of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in Drosophila melanogaster and was initially found to be encoded by arthropod genomes only. Here, we report that the ZAD was also present in the last common ancestor of arthropods and vertebrates, and that vertebrate genomes contain a single conserved gene that codes for a ZAD-like peptide. Comparison of the ZAD proteomes of several arthropod species revealed an extensive and species-specific expansion of ZAD-coding genes in higher holometabolous insects, and shows that only few ZAD-coding genes with essential functions in Drosophila melanogaster are conserved. Furthermore, at least 50% of the ZAD-coding genes of Drosophila melanogaster are expressed in the female germline, suggesting a function in oocyte development and/or a requirement during early embryogenesis. Since the majority of the essential ZAD coding genes of Drosophila melanogaster were not conserved during arthropod or at least during insect evolution, we propose that the LSE of ZAD-coding genes shown here may provide the raw material for the evolution of new functions that allow organisms to pursue novel evolutionary paths.
Clinical Management of Children and Young Adults with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in the UK
Authors: Owen Greene, Paul Durrington
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Life expectancy in familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) has been greatly improved by the advent of statin therapy. In the UK, however, these agents are not licensed for use in children. We approached 169 physicians responsible for lipid clinics for information on their practice in young patients, and valid responses were received from 54%. A typical lipid clinic has only 3.5 patients aged under 16 with FH. In boys aged 10-15 years 65% of physicians were prepared to treat with bile acid sequestrants but only 23% with statins. There was greater reluctance to treat in girls of the same age, corresponding figures being 52% and 12%. Despite the efficacy of statins in reducing low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, these agents are little used in children with FH. Their safety and clinical efficacy should be assessed by a randomized double-blind trial.
THE ASSOCIATION OF BARTONELLA BODIES WITH INDUCED ANEMIA IN THE DOG
Authors: C. P. Rhoads, D. K. Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

On feeding to splenectomized dogs a diet producing black tongue, severe anemia developed associated with the presence of small bodies in or on the erythrocytes. The bodies were morphologically similar to Bartonella muris and Bartonella canis. The addition of lean beef to the diet, a material prophylactic against its effects, was followed by improvement of the blood levels, the presence of increased numbers of reticulocytes in the circulating blood, and the disappearance of the bodies. When the blood containing Bartonella-like bodies was injected into other splenectomized dogs fed a normal or a black tongue-producing diet, anemia developed in them and the bodies appeared in large numbers. Similar injections into non-splenectomized animals fed in the same way had anemia alone as its result. Injections into normal animals fed a normal diet caused not even anemia.
Cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation is skewed in estrogen receptor-α deficient mice
Authors: G.F.J. Konings, K.R. Bracke, N.L. Reynaert, A. Romano, M.A. Dentener, G.G. Brusselle, E.F.M. Wouters, J.H.J. Vernooy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale:  Females are biologically more susceptible to cigarette smoke (CS) as compared with males. As endogenous circulating levels of the female sex hormone estrogen (E 2 ) are higher in females, E 2  may be linked to gender differences in CS-induced pulmonary inflammatory responses. In addition, CS contains metallo-E 2  which can activate estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) signaling. We hypothesize that (metallo-)E 2  exacerbates CS-induced pulmonary inflammatory responses via its receptor ERα in female mice.   Methods:  Female ERα knock-out (ERαKO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were exposed to air or CS for 4 weeks (4 exp/d, 5d/wk) and were sacrificed 24h after the final exposure. Pulmonary inflammation was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Pulmonary ER expression and estrogen signaling was analyzed by real-time PCR.   Results:  CS exposure resulted in attenuated body weight gain in both WT and ERαKO mice. BALF total cell counts in both WT and ERαKO mice were increased after CS exposure. In WT mice, this increase was due to infiltration of alveolar macrophages, whereas ERαKO mice showed a skewed inflammatory profile after CS inhalation with an increase of infiltrated neutrophils, dendritic cells and activated T-lymphocytes. In line herewith, levels of proinflammatory cytokines in BALF were increased in ERαKO mice, whereas IL-10 levels were lower. CS activated E 2 -regulated gene transcription, however no altered ERα expression was observed.   Conclusion:  ERαKO mice showed a skewed inflammatory profile in the lung after smoke exposure, hereby suggesting that ERα can modulate the inflammatory response in CS-induced lung inflammation.   Funding:  Netherlands Asthma Foundation (3.2.10.076).
Latrogenic Denial of Illness
Authors: Jerome M. Schneck
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In connection with Brown's account of Noah Webster's interest in the medical profession (234:178, 1975), I would like to focus on Webster's satirical treatment of the doctor-patient relationship, with special reference to a cure-all medication. The deceiving physician would have patients believe in its benefits, "and if people<i>believe</i>themselves cured, or the severity of their disorders mitigated by your prescription, why should they not be as happy as if they were<i>really</i>assisted?" The "imaginary" benefits mentioned by Webster were based on the intention to have the patient see himself well, when in fact he is ill, in contrast to the prescribing of medication with cure-all claims when the patient was probably expected subsequently to decry the medicine as having failed him. The especially interesting feature in this account of Webster's satire is the iatrogenic induction of denial of illness, which in some instances can eventually
Pulmonary Toxicity of Induction Chemotherapy Prior to Standard or High-dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Hematopoietic Support
Authors: KARAN S. BHALLA, STEPHEN W. WILCZYNSKI, AMIR M. ABUSHAMAA, WILLIAM P. PETROS, CAROLYN S. McDONALD, JENNIFER S. LOFTIS, NELSON J. CHAO, JAMES J. VREDENBURGH, RODNEY J. FOLZ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We closely followed the pulmonary function of 150 consecutive high-risk breast cancer patients who underwent standard induction CAF (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy, followed by randomization to either standard-dose CPB (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, bischloroethylnitrosourea [BCNU]) chemotherapy (SDC) or to high-dose CPB chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) and peripheral blood progenitor cell support (PBPCS). Previously, we have described a delayed pulmonary toxicity syndrome (DPTS) which characterizes the pulmonary dysfunction after HDC and ABMT in this patient population. However, little is known concerning the role induction chemotherapy plays in its development. We found that after three cycles of induction CAF, the mean diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (Dl CO) significantly decreased by 12.6%. Additionally, in patients receiving HDC, the mean Dl CO further decreased to a nadir of 55.2 ± 14.1% which was significantly lower than those receiving SDC (nadir: 80.7 ± 12.3%). DPTS occurred in 72% of patients receiving HDC as compared with only 4% of patients receiving SDC. All individuals diagnosed with DPTS were treated with prednisone and the 2-yr follow-up of pulmonary function revealed a gradual improvement in mean Dl CO such that there were no differences between HDC and SDC groups at the end of the study. No mortality was attributable to pulmonary toxicity in either group. After induction chemotherapy, but before HDC, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) demonstrated significant elevations in interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. We conclude that induction CAF produces asymptomatic pulmonary dysfunction and inflammation which may prime the lungs for further injury by HDC and predispose to the development of DPTS. Fortunately, in this specific ABMT patient population, the early and judicious use of prednisone appears to improve pulmonary function in patients who develop DPTS. Bhalla KS, Wilczynski SW, Abushamaa AM, Petros WP, McDonald CS, Loftis JS, Chao NJ, Vredenburgh JJ, Folz RJ. Pulmonary toxicity of induction chemotherapy prior to standard or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic support.
Expression and regulation of cryopyrin and related proteins in rheumatoid arthritis synovium
Authors: S Rosengren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium is characterised by enhanced NF-kappaB activity and proinflammatory cytokines. Cryopyrin (CIAS-1, NALP-3, PYPAF-1) has been shown to regulate NF-kappaB and caspase-1 activation.To study the expression of cryopyrin, its effector molecule ASC, and its putative antagonist pyrin in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) synovium, and the main two cellular constituents of synovial lining, cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and macrophages.FLS and macrophages were cultured in the presence of inflammatory mediators. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify message levels in synovial biopsy specimens and cells. In situ hybridisation was employed to localise expression of cryopyrin mRNA.Cryopyrin mRNA was raised in RA synovium and detected in both lining and sublining regions. FLS from RA and OA tissue expressed low baseline levels of cryopyrin transcripts that were induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). In contrast, macrophages differentiated in vitro expressed relatively high cryopyrin levels, which were further induced by TNFalpha, but not by interleukin 1beta. ASC mRNA levels were comparable in RA and OA tissue, FLS, and macrophages, and were depressed by TNFalpha in macrophages. Pyrin expression was higher in RA synovium than in OA tissue, and virtually undetectable in FLS but high in macrophages where it was unchanged by TNFalpha treatment.These results suggest that enhanced cryopyrin levels in RA synovium are due to a greater numbers of tissue macrophages, and demonstrate transcriptional regulation of cryopyrin in a chronic inflammatory disease.
The influence of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy on atopic dermatitis
Authors: D. KEMMETT, M. J. TIDMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The prevalence of a premenstrual deterioration in the symptoms of atopic dermatitis, as determined by a postal questionnaire completed by 150 women, was 33%. There was a significant association between a premenstrual worsening of atopic dermatitis and the presence of the symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome (P less than 0.002). Pregnancy had an adverse effect on atopic dermatitis in the majority of cases (52%), usually starting in the first 20 weeks of gestation, although an appreciable proportion of women (24%) had improved during their pregnancy.
Stereologic Methods and Their Application in Kidney Research
Authors: JENS R. NYENGAARD
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Stereologic methods are used to obtain quantitative information about three-dimensional structures based on observations from section planes or—to a limited degree—projections. Stereologic methods, which are used in biologic research and especially in the research of normal and pathologic kidneys, will be discussed in this review. Special emphasis will be placed on modern stereologic methods, free of assumptions of the structure, size, and shape, etc. , so-called UFAPP (unbiased for all practical purposes) stereologic methods. The basic foundation of all stereology, sampling, will be reviewed in relation to most of the methods discussed. Estimation of error variances and some of the basic problems in stereology will be reviewed briefly. Finally, a few comments will be made about the future directions for stereology in kidney research.
Antibiotic Resistance of Conjunctiva and Nasopharynx Evaluation Study: A Prospective Study of Patients Undergoing Intravitreal Injections
Authors: Stephen J. Kim, Hassanain S. Toma, Narinder K. Midha, Edward F. Cherney, Franco M. Recchia, Terrence J. Doherty
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Chromosome 2q31.1 Associates with ESRD in Women with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Niina Sandholm, Amy Jayne McKnight, Rany M. Salem, Eoin P. Brennan, Carol Forsblom, Valma Harjutsalo, Ville-Petteri Mäkinen, Gareth J. McKay, Denise M. Sadlier, Winfred W. Williams, Finian Martin, Nicolae Mircea Panduru, Lise Tarnow, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Karl Tryggvason, Gianpaolo Zerbini, Mary E. Comeau, Carl D. Langefeld, Catherine Godson, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Alexander P. Maxwell, Jose C. Florez, Per-Henrik Groop
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

Sex and genetic variation influence the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and ESRD in patients with type 1 diabetes. We performed a genome-wide association study in a cohort of 3652 patients from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with type 1 diabetes to determine whether sex-specific genetic risk factors for ESRD exist. A common variant, rs4972593 on chromosome 2q31.1, was associated with ESRD in women (P<5×10(-8)) but not in men (P=0.77). This association was replicated in the meta-analysis of three independent type 1 diabetes cohorts (P=0.02) and remained significant for women (P<5×10(-8); odds ratio, 1.81 [95% confidence interval, 1.47 to 2.24]) upon combined meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts. rs4972593 is located between the genes that code for the Sp3 transcription factor, which interacts directly with estrogen receptor α and regulates the expression of genes linked to glomerular function and the pathogenesis of nephropathy, and the CDCA7 transcription factor, which regulates cell proliferation. Further examination revealed potential transcription factor-binding sites within rs4972593 and predicted eight estrogen-responsive elements within 5 kb of this locus. Moreover, we found sex-specific differences in the glomerular expression levels of SP3 (P=0.004). Overall, these results suggest that rs4972593 is a sex-specific genetic variant associated with ESRD in patients with type 1 diabetes and may underlie the sex-specific protection against ESRD.
The dual PI3 kinase/mTOR inhibitor PI-103 prevents p53 induction by Mdm2 inhibition but enhances p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in p53 wild-type AML
Authors: K Kojima, M Shimanuki, M Shikami, I J Samudio, V Ruvolo, P Corn, N Hanaoka, M Konopleva, M Andreeff, H Nakakuma
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
A Prospective Study of Fel d1 and Der p1 Exposure in Infancy and Childhood Wheezing
Authors: Sarah Polk, Jordi Sunyer, Laura Muñoz-Ortiz, Maria Barnes, Maties Torrent, Cecilia Figueroa, Jessica Harris, Oriol Vall, Josep M. Antó, Paul Cullinan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The impact of domestic exposure to cat allergen (Fel d1) and house dust mite (Der p1) on wheezing from birth to the age of 4 years was investigated in a multicenter prospective birth cohort; 1,611 mothers were recruited before delivery in Ashford, England, and Barcelona and Menorca, Spain. Exposures were gathered via dust sample collection at children's home in their first year of life. Families provided complete outcome data (wheezing status in all 4 years) for 1,289 children. Domestic allergen levels varied substantially between centers. Six hundred three (47%) children never wheezed during their first 4 years of life. Der p1 did not correlate with any type of wheezing outcome. Fel d1 significantly increased the risk of wheezing in 3- and 4-year-olds in comparison to 1-year-olds. Distinct risk profiles were found for wheezing at different ages. Multivariate analysis revealed an interaction between Fel d1 and maternal asthma among children who wheeze in Year 4 (relative risk = 2.77; 95% confidence interval = 1.19-6.46). Our data support the idea that several patterns of wheezing with different risk profiles exist among young children. The effect of Fel d1 exposure varied according to age and maternal asthma.