tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased antiresorptive activity of zoledronic acid (Z) administered in the night as compared to morning administration in breast cancer (BC) patients with bone metastases
Authors: A. Bottini, D. Generali, A. Berruti, M. Tampellini, M. Torta, S. Tedoldi, S. Bonardi, M. Tucci, G. Gorzegno, L. Dogliotti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

677 Background: Z is an effective bisphosphonate in preventing skeletal related events (SREs) in bone metastatic patients. Decrease in bone resorption markers during Z therapy is a potential surrogate of drug efficacy. Bone resorption markers maintain a circadian rhythmicity in metastatic BC patients (Generali et al ASCO 2005), suggesting that Z may be more active if administered in a chronomodulated way. Raised PTH after Z could impair the drug efficacy (Berruti et al ASCO 2006). Methods: Forty-four BC patients with bone metastases were randomised to receive Z, 4 mg i.v. at 11.00 p.m or 11 a.m every 28 days for 4 times. Serum cross laps (CTX), urinary n-telopeptide (NTX) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured at baseline and after 4, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 84 days, respectively. Results: Z administration in the night resulted in a greater decrease of either serum CTX or urinary NTX and lower increase in serum PTH ( Table ) than morning administration. Conclusions: Z administration in the night might be more efficacious than morning administration. Treat baseline Day 4 Day 7 Day 14 Day 28 Day 56 Day 84 p * CTX ng/ml day 0.77 (0.09) 0.09 (0.02) 0.10 (0.01) 0.13 (0.02) 0.16 (0.03) 0.16 (0.02 0.17 (0.02) &lt;.05 night 0.72 (0.09) 0.09 (0.02) 0.07 (0.01) 0.10 (0.02) 0.12 (0.03) 0.10 (0.02) 0.08 (0.02) NTX nmol/mmol creatinine day 164.4 (28.1) 32.2 (6.6) 33.5 (6.1) 50.7 (8.7) 60.9 (9.4) 53.4 (8.9) 45.8 (8.0) &lt;.05 night 138.7 (26.6) 36.4 (6.3) 40.0 (5.8) 44.0 (8.2) 39.3 (8.9) 33.6 (8.5) 46.3 (7.6) PTH ng/ml day 40.3 (17.3) 106.3 (17.5) 120.8 (19.3) 102.7 (20.9) 88.4 (18.5) 148.6 (49.3) 95.8 (27.5) &lt;.0001 night 52.7 (16.0) 66.3 (16.2) 65.1 (17.9) 61.3 (19.4) 55.5 (17.2) 63.5 (45.6) 48.4 (25.4) Data are mean (standard error) * Mixed random effect model of multivariate analysis of variance No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Calcineurin Inhibitor-Free GVHD Prophylaxis with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide and Brief-Course Sirolimus Results in Low Rates of Non-Relapse Mortality and Chronic GVHD Following Matched Related and Unrelated Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT)
Authors: Melissa Sanacore, Asad Bashey, Connie A. Sizemore, H. Kent Holland, Lawrence E. Morris, Stacey Brown, Xu Zhang, Scott R. Solomon
Journal: Blood (2013)
Microvessel density in progressive meningiomas and its influence on time to tumour recurrence
Authors: C. Marosi, M. Hassler, J. A. Hainfellner, M. Van Trotsenburg, M. Preusser, P. Birner, J. Berger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1563 Background: Meningiomas constitute circumscribed intracranial tumours of limited resectability. Adjuvant therapy is applied for growth control of incompletely resected tumours. However, radiotherapy is limited for tumours in certain locations due to the presence of adjacent radiosensitive neural structures. In such cases, chemotherapy is mandatory for tumour control, but hitherto used chemotherapy protocols showed unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. Methods: In order to develop new approaches based upon angiogenetic properties, we analysed systematically tumour vascularization in a set of 26 recurrent or inoperable meningiomas of 13 patients using the endothelial cell marker anti-CD34 for immunostaining. We determined microvessel density (MVD) within the tumour area with the highest vessel density by counting all anti-CD34 immunostained vessels at a magnification of x 200 within an examination area of 0.25 mm2 using an eye grid. Further, we analysed expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the messenger RNA and protein levels. Results: MVD ranged from 22 to 149 vessels/standard area with a median of 50.5. Focal or widespread expression of VEGF messenger RNA was detectable in 17/19 analysed samples and VEGF protein expression was observed in all tumour samples. Clinically, the time to recurrence of tumours with high ( ≥ 50.5) MVD ( 28.4 months) was significantly shorter as compared to tumours with low MVD ( 72.1 months; p = 0.0136). Conclusions: Our data indicate that MVD may influence the progression of meningiomas. Due to the expression of VEGF messenger RNA and/or VEGF protein in all tumour samples, anti-VEGF strategies may exert a beneficial therapeutic effect in progressive meningiomas. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase II study of gefitinib in patients with metastatic/recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: B. S. Glisson, E. S. Kim, M. S. Kies, M. Francisco, G. R. Blumenschein, A. S. Tsao, G. L. Clayman, M. Duvic, R. S. Weber, S. M. Lippman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

5531 Background: Interrupting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway has shown promise in a variety of cancers. Skin squamous cell cancer (SCC) has been increasing in incidence at the rate of 4% to 8% per year since the 1960s, with especially increased rates (up to 10% annually) in recent years. Treatment options for advanced or recurrent skin SCC are extremely limited. Patients (pts) who fail surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy have a very poor prognosis. Because of the importance of EGFR in tumorigenesis, and its overexpression in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, it is an interesting target for treatment intervention. Gefitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, had a 11% response rate in HNSCC. Because of the possible efficacy, we proposed to study gefitinib in advanced skin SCC. Methods: Pts were required to have pathologically confirmed skin SCC adequate performance status, measurable disease, no prior EGFR therapy, and may have received prior chemotherapy. Pts must not have been amenable for curative intenet therapy with surgery or radiation. Treatment included gefitinib 250mg orally daily for 4 weeks. Results: 18 pts have been enrolled and 17 are evaluable. Median age is 68 years (range 37–84). Median ECOG PS is 1 (range 1–2). 12 pts are men and 5 women. 15 pts are currently evaluable for response. No objective partial responses were observed per WHO criteria. 4 pts (27%) have stable disease. Clinical responses were noted in 2 pts via photographs and clinical inspection. 17 pts are evaluable for toxicity. 2 pts had grade 3 rash and 1 pt had grade 3 keratitis. The most common grade 1–2 toxicities were diarrhea and fatigue. Conclusions: Gefitinib is well tolerated and has modest activity in advanced skin SCC. These pts have very few options for therapy. Data collection for response rate, duration of response and survival is ongoing as several patients are still receiving treatment. [Table: see text]
Sensing and Sensibility: Single‐Islet‐based Quality Control Assay of Cryopreserved Pancreatic Islets with Functionalized Hydrogel Microcapsules
Authors: Wanyu Chen, Zhiquan Shu, Dayong Gao, Amy Q. Shen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Despite decades of research and clinical studies of islet transplantations, finding simple yet reliable islet quality assays that correlate accurately with in vivo potency is still a major challenge, especially for real‐time and single‐islet‐based quality assessment. Herein, proof‐of‐concept studies of a cryopreserved microcapsule‐based quality control assays are presented for single islets. Individual rat pancreatic islets and fluorescent oxygen‐sensitive dye (FOSD) are encapsulated in alginate hydrogel microcapsules via a microfluidic device. To test the susceptibility of the microcapsules and the FOSD to cryopreservation, the islet microcapsules containing FOSD are cryopreserved and the islet functionalities (adenosine triphosphate, static insulin release measurement, and oxygen consumption rate) are assessed after freezing and thawing steps. The cryopreserved islet capsules with FOSD remain functional after encapsulation and freezing/thawing procedures, validating a simple yet reliable individual‐islet‐based quality control method for the entire islet processing procedure prior to transplantation. This work also demonstrates that the functionality of cryopreserved islets can be improved by introducing trehalose into the routinely used cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide. The functionalized alginate hydrogel microcapsules with embedded FOSD and optimized cryopreservation protocol presented in this work serve as a versatile islet quality assay and offer tremendous promise for tackling existing challenges in islet transplantation procedures.
Effect of controlled extracorporeal blood cooling on ultrafiltration-induced blood volume changes during hemodialysis.
Authors: D Schneditz, K Martin, M Krämer, T Kenner, F Skrabal
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Considerable amounts of heat may be lost or gained through the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis and influence the hemodynamic stability of the dialysis patient. The effects of two levels of extracorporeal heat flux (Jtherm in W) on blood pressures and ultrafiltration-induced blood volume changes were studied in eight patients on conventional hemodialysis. Treatments were controlled automatically for mild to medium Jtherm of either -13.4 +/- 3.3 W (group A) or -30.2 +/- 3.7 W (group B) (1 W = 1 J/s = 3.6 kJ/h = 0.239 cal/s = 0.86 kcal/h) and repeated once. Values are given as mean +/- SD. With low blood flows (Qb = 251 +/- 21 ml/min), dialysate temperatures were automatically set at 37.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C (group A) and 35.3 +/- 0.2 degrees C (group B) for the two levels of Jtherm, respectively. Arterial blood temperatures increased by 0.4 +/- 0.4 degree C with mild extracorporeal cooling (group A), whereas arterial blood temperatures slightly decreased by -0.1 +/- 0.4 degree C in the group with medium negative heat flux (group B) (P < 0.01). Blood pressures tended to drop in the warm dialysate group and to remain unchanged in the cool dialysate group (P = NS). Relative blood volume changes calculated from on-line ultrasonic blood measurements were significantly larger with cool (-12.8 +/- 8.3 vol%) than with warm (-7.2 +/- 5.5 vol%, P < 0.05) dialysate, indicating reduced fluid removal from peripheral body compartments during cool hemodialysis ultrafiltration. Despite the larger reduction in intravascular volume, intradialytic hemodynamic stability was maintained with extracorporeal cooling and cool dialysate prescription.
Lessons learned from measuring health-related quality of life in oncology.
Authors: D Osoba
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE Measurement of health-related quality of life (HQL) is becoming more common in oncology, particularly in clinical trials. The purpose of this report is to review our progress and assess whether we are learning anything new from these studies. DESIGN The subject was reviewed by a literature search and selection of available literature in the English language. The results emerged from this review. RESULTS Six lessons that emerged from measurement of HQL in oncology were chosen for emphasis. These are (1) HQL is a multidimensional construct and should be measured with multidimensional instruments, (2) observers are poor judges of how patients feel about their HQL, (3) it is possible to achieve high rates of compliance in the collection of self-report HQL data, (4) aggressive therapy may result in improved HQL, (5) symptoms are associated with quantifiable disruptions in HQL, and (6) pretreatment HQL may be predictive of on-treatment HQL and of survival. CONCLUSION None of the six points chosen for emphasis was known with certainty as little as 10 years ago. Although other points for emphasis may be chosen, those emphasized in this review could have a major impact on how we judge success in future clinical trials.
An association between lung cancer and gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Z. Ghanem, A. Sedfawy, V. Debari, M. Maroules
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18195 Background: Many studies have demonstrated the association between gastroesophageal reflux and a wide spectrum of extra-esophageal complications of the upper aerodigestive tract. A major risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is intestinal metaplasia, which occurs as a consequence of GERD. In addition to that, laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy can reveal findings with a high positive predictive value for the presence of GERD. The probable role of this chronic irritative disorder as a causative agent in carcinoma of the lung has not been studied. The aim of our study is to determine the correlation between GERD and lung cancer. Methods: A hospital based retrospective age, sex, ethnicity and smoking matched case control study was performed in a tertiary care center. The medical records of 325 patients diagnosed with lung cancer and 325 matched control cases were reviewed between January 2003 and December 2005. We looked at many aspects at the presentation of the disease including right or left sided lung cancer, pathology of the tumor and the presence of other co-morbid conditions. GERD diagnosis was determined either by endoscopy, manometry or clinical diagnosis retrospectively. Results: Among the 325 lung cancer patients 75 (23%) were found to have GERD at the time of diagnosis. On the other hand, only 46 (15%) patients were found in the control group. By using the Fisher Exact Probability Test there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of GERD among lung cancer patients compared to the control group at the time of diagnosis (p=0.0046, 95% CI = 1.21- 2.73 and Odds Ratio =1.82). Patients with lung cancer were also divided into 5 major categories: Adenocarcinoma (n=110, 34%), Squamous cell carcinoma (n=70, 22%), Small cell carcinoma (n=40, 12%), NSCLCA (n=52, 16%) and Others (e.g. large cell, neuroendocrine...etc) (n=53, 16%). Conclusion: Our analyses suggest an association between GERD and lung cancer. For this reason we may consider GERD as a possible co-promoting factor of lung cancer in some patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats in Relation to Age at Time of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitroso-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-methylurea Administration&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C J Grubbs, J C Peckham, K D Cato
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The effects on mammary carcinogenesis when N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) is administered to rats of different ages were studied. Female outbred Sprague-Dawley rats received two iv injections of NMU (5 mg/100 g body wt/injection) 1 week apart beginning at either 35, 50, 80, 140, or 200 days of age. Animals were killed 6 months after the initial NMU injection, and all mammary tumors were histologically classified. The percent incidence of mammary carcinomas for each age group was as follows: 100%, 35 days old; 94%, 80 days old; 59%, 80 days old; 30%, 140 days old; and 22%, 200 days old. Rats receiving NMU at a young age also exhibited a greater number of carcinomas per rat with latent periods that were in general shorter than those of rats treated at later ages. Since NMU does not require metabolic activation, the observed decrease in chemically induced mammary tumors in aging rats appears to be primarily due to changes occurring within the mammary gland.
Prognosis of Brca1 and Brca2-Related Breast Cancers: are There Differences?
Authors: Z. Ballatore, M. Pistelli, R. Bracci, F. Bianchi, M. De Lisa, M. Napolitano, A. Pagliacci, N. Battelli, F. Ridolfi, E. Maccaroni, A. Santinelli, T. Biscotti, R. Berardi, S. Cascinu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Abstract 16759: Outcomes of Triple Antithrombotic Therapy Compared to Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Stenting: Up to 4 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Roberto Del Castillo Medina, Adriana De La Rosa, Ester Canovas, Alfonso Freites, Javier Alonso, Lorenzo Hernando, Pablo Salinas, Gema Montalvo, Javier Botas
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Treatment in p (patients) who need oral anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy after PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) are from small and heterogeneous series. There are few da...
Experience with colorectal carcinoma from a single oncology clinic in Nairobi
Authors: N. A. Othieno-Abinya, G. N. Lule, Y. B. Mlombe, H. O. Abwao, G. W. Kiarie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15109 Background: Colorectal cancer ranks eleventh amongst cancers in Kenya. Whereas early cancer is highly curable, advanced disease is generally incurable. Adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the relapse rate and improves survival in both stages C and B2. Methods: We studied cases of colorectal carcinoma treated at Hurlingham Oncology Clinic (HOC), Nairobi, between 1995 and 2007 inclusive. Details taken included biodata, histology, disease stage (Dukes’ system), site of metastases, treatment up front at HOC, courses given, outcome, duration of follow up, and duration of survival. Results: Seventy one patients - 41 males and 30 females; age range 27–78, median 53 years; were in stages B1 (4), B2 (6), C (29), B (23), undetermined (9). Treatment given for stage B1- none; B2 - fluorouracil (5FU) (2), Mayo regimen (Mayo) (2), capecitabine (xeloda) (1), none (1); C - 5FU (2), Mayo (1), De Gramont regimen (1), Irinotecan + 5FU/Folinic acid (IFL/FOLFRI) (3), Oxaliplatin + De Gramont (FOLFOX6) - Xeloda + Oxaloplatin (XELOX) (8), Xeloda (4), none (10); D - De Gramont (2), IFL/FOLFRI (7), FOLFOX6/XELOX (1), FOLFOX6 + bevacizumab (avastin) (4), Xeloda (5), none (4); undetermined - none. The median follow up in months for B1 patients was 6, range 2–14; for B2 was 8.5, range 6–11; for C was 10, range 1–115; and for D was 13, range 3- 96. One patient in B1 was reported dead, one in B2, seven in C and 9 in D. Of the 4 patients on FOLFOX6 + avastin none had response after six months of treatment. The stage D cases on 5FU/Folinic acid had significant shrinkage and subsequent resection of liver metastases with one of them free of disease at 96 months. Conclusions: This was a retrospective analysis with a small number of patients making it impossible to draw conclusions. It is however interesting to note that the combination of FOLFOX6 + avastin did not show impact while two patients had excellent response to 5FU/Folinic acid alone. Reasons for such discrepancies in outcome should become clearer when we get enough understanding of predictors of response. Patients who were not on treatment discontinued follow up early. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Full range of effects of Tasers still needs to be characterised
Authors: Robert D Sheridan
Journal: BMJ (2015)

As Dyer highlights in his article on the Taser conducted energy device,1 one of the unresolved controversies surrounding the effects of the Taser is whether the discharge can influence heart rhythm through a direct electrical interaction. This controversy has been aired recently in the journal Circulation .2 3

In our February 2010 editorial for The BMJ …
Phase II study of darinaparsin in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: J. Wu, F. Muggia, C. Henderson, L. Feun, P. V. Veldhuizen, P. Gold, H. Zheng, G. Abbadessa 66201, J. Lewis, A. X. Zhu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15630 Background: Inorganic arsenic has reported activity in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Asia, yet its efficacy is limited by liver toxicity. Darinaparsin is a novel organic arsenic that is capable of reaching higher intracellular concentration in cells with decreased toxicity compared to inorganic arsenic. It is highly active as a single agent in HCC cell lines and animal tumor models. We conducted a multi-center phase II study with darinaparsin in patients with advanced HCC. Methods: Eligibility criteria included unresectable or metastatic measurable HCC, up to two prior systemic treatments, ECOG performance status ≤2, Child Pugh Class A or B and adequate organ functions. Darinaparsin was given at 420 mg/m 2 intravenously administered over 60 minutes through a central line, twice weekly at least 72 hours apart for three weeks followed by one-week rest in a four-week cycle. The primary end point of the study was response rate. A Simon two-stage design was used to assess the efficacy of darinaparsin and the study would be terminated if no responses were observed after the first stage. Results: The planned 15 patients of the first stage were enrolled: median age = 60 (35 - 79). M/F = 14/1, ECOG performance status 0/1= 4/11, Child Pugh class A/B = 11/4. Seven patients received prior systemic chemotherapies. No objective responses were observed. Three patients had stable disease. The median number of cycles on study per patient was 2 (1–6). The median progression free survival and overall survival were 55 days (95% confidence interval: 50 - 59) and 190 days (95% confidence interval: 93–227), respectively. Treatment was well tolerated. No treatment related hospitalizations or deaths occurred. Treatment related grade 1–2 toxicities included nausea/vomiting (31%), fatigue (23%), anorexia (15%) and diarrhea (15%). Grade 3 anorexia, wheezing, agitation, right upper quadrant pain and SGPT were observed in 1 patient each (8%), 1 patient experienced grade 4 hypoglycemia (8%). Conclusions: Darinaparsin was safely administered with tolerable toxicity profiles in HCC patients. However, it has shown no objective responses in HCC and this trial was terminated as planned after the first stage of efficacy analysis. [Table: see text]
Different Adhesive Characteristics and VLA-4 Expression of CD34+ Progenitors in G0/G1 Versus S+G2/M Phases of the Cell Cycle
Authors: Miki Yamaguchi, Kenji Ikebuchi, Fumiya Hirayama, Norihiro Sato, Yuko Mogi, Jun-ichi Ohkawara, Yoshihiro Yoshikawa, Ken-ichi Sawada, Takao Koike, Sadayoshi Sekiguchi
Journal: Blood (1998)