tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
O-Glycosylation of Serum IgA1 Antibodies against Mucosal and Systemic Antigens in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Alice C. Smith, Karen Molyneux, John Feehally, Jonathan Barratt
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

In IgA nephropathy (IgAN), serum IgA1 with abnormal O-glycosylation deposits in the glomerular mesangium. The underlying mechanism of this IgA1 O-glycosylation abnormality is poorly understood, but recent evidence argues against a generic defect in B cell glycosyltransferases, suggesting that only a subpopulation of IgA1-committed B cells are affected. For investigation of whether the site of antigen encounter influences IgA1 O-glycosylation, the O-glycosylation of serum IgA1 antibodies against a systemic antigen, tetanus toxoid (TT), and a mucosal antigen, Helicobacter pylori (HP), was studied in patients with IgAN and control subjects. Serum IgA1 was purified from cohorts of patients with IgAN and control subjects with HP infection and after systemic TT immunization. The IgA1 samples were applied to HP- and TT-coated immunoplates to immobilize specific antibodies, and IgA1 O-glycosylation profiles were assessed by binding of the O-glycan-specific lectin Vicia villosa using a modified ELISA technique. Although total serum IgA1 had raised lectin binding in IgAN, the O-glycosylation of the specific IgA1 antibodies to TT and HP did not differ between patients and control subjects. In both groups, IgA1 anti-HP had higher lectin binding than IgA1 anti-TT. This study demonstrates that IgA1 O-glycosylation normally varies in different immune responses and that patients produce the full spectrum of IgA1 O-glycoforms. IgA1 with high lectin binding was produced in response to mucosal HP infection in all subjects. The raised circulating level of this type of IgA1 in IgAN is likely to be a consequence of abnormal systemic responses to mucosally encountered antigens rather than a fundamental defect in B cell O-glycosylation pathways.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation and Water Contents in Normal Mouse and Rat Tissues and in Cancer Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G N Ling, M Tucker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

By studying nuclear magnetic resonance water proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1 and T2) of normal mouse and rat tissues at varying water contents and by comparing the data with those obtained from five types of cancer cells in ascites form, we concluded that differences in total water contents between normal tissues and cancer cells contribute less than 10% to the differences between the longer T1 of cancer cells as compared to the T1 of normal tissues. In spite of the diverse origin of the five types of cancer cells studied, their T1 and T2 as well as water contents were confined within relatively narrow limits. We suggested that all 5 ascites tumors studied are maximally deviated and that the physical state of the water in all maximally deviated cancer cells is very similar.
Haemodilution and Total Body Perfusion
Authors: D. Cohen, G. Fisk, D. C. Gengos, B. Bates
Journal: Thorax (1964)

During the last 10 years the technique of cardio- pulmonary by-pass has been developed to enable intracardiac surgery to be carried out in a deliber- ate and unhurried manner for the correction of a variety of congenital and acquired cardiac de- fects.Though it is realized that there are certain copyright.
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTI-LYMPHOCYTE SERUM
Authors: Eugene M. Lance
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Studies designed to gain insight into the mechanism of action of the active component of antilymphocyte serum were carried out using an antibody eluate prepared from the IgG fraction of anti-lymphocyte serum by absorption and subsequent elution from thymocyte membrane. The resulting antibody eluate was labeled with radionuclide tracer to determine the fate of the antibody in vivo. The result indicated that anti-lymphocytic antibodies are eliminated from recipients extremely rapidly. The mechanism for this rapid clearance appears to depend upon the absorption of antibody molecules onto lymphocyte surfaces and the subsequent clearing and degradation of the antibody-lymphocyte complexes by the reticuloendothelial system. Distribution studies confirm that the major site of antibody-lymphocyte interaction occurs in the periphery with relatively little penetration of antibody within lymphoid organs. Radioautographic studies showed that the pattern of localization within lymphoid and other organs is confined to rather specific areas. These observations are believed to offer strong support for the notion that anti-lymphocyte serum achieves its immunosuppressive effect by bringing about a selective ablation of the population of recirculating lymphocytes.
Impact of HLA class I and class II high-resolution matching on outcomes of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation: HLA-C mismatching is associated with a strong adverse effect on transplantation outcome
Authors: Neal Flomenberg, Lee Ann Baxter-Lowe, Dennis Confer, Marcelo Fernandez-Vina, Alexandra Filipovich, Mary Horowitz, Carolyn Hurley, Craig Kollman, Claudio Anasetti, Harriet Noreen, Ann Begovich, William Hildebrand, Effie Petersdorf, Barbara Schmeckpeper, Michelle Setterholm, Elizabeth Trachtenberg, Thomas Williams, Edmond Yunis, Daniel Weisdorf
Journal: Blood (2004)
Alendronate for the Treatment of Osteoporosis in Men
Authors: Eric Orwoll, Mark Ettinger, Stuart Weiss, Paul Miller, David Kendler, John Graham, Silvano Adami, Kurt Weber, Roman Lorenc, Peter Pietschmann, Kristel Vandormael, Antonio Lombardi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Despite its association with disability, death, and increased medical costs, osteoporosis in men has been relatively neglected as a subject of study. There have been no large, controlled trials of treatment in men.
Fibronectin Is Essential for Reparative Cardiac Progenitor Cell Response After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mathias H. Konstandin, Haruhiro Toko, Grady M. Gastelum, Pearl Quijada, Andrea De La Torre, Mercedes Quintana, Brett Collins, Shabana Din, Daniele Avitabile, Mirko Völkers, Natalie Gude, Reinhard Fässler, Mark A. Sussman
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Adoptive transfer of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) has entered clinical application, despite limited mechanistic understanding of the endogenous response after myocardial infarction (MI). Extracellular matrix undergoes dramatic changes after MI and therefore might be linked to CPC-mediated repair.To demonstrate the significance of fibronectin (Fn), a component of the extracellular matrix, for induction of the endogenous CPC response to MI.This report shows that presence of CPCs correlates with the expression of Fn during cardiac development and after MI. In vivo, genetic conditional ablation of Fn blunts CPC response measured 7 days after MI through reduced proliferation and diminished survival. Attenuated vasculogenesis and cardiogenesis during recovery were evident at the end of a 12-week follow-up period. Impaired CPC-dependent reparative remodeling ultimately leads to continuous decline of cardiac function in Fn knockout animals. In vitro, Fn protects and induces proliferation of CPCs via β₁-integrin-focal adhesion kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-Pim1 independent of Akt.Fn is essential for endogenous CPC expansion and repair required for stabilization of cardiac function after MI.
Recent Progress in HIV-Associated Nephropathy
Authors: Christina M. Wyatt, Kristin Meliambro, Paul E. Klotman
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2011)

The classic kidney disease of HIV infection, HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), is an aggressive form of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with accompanying tubular and interstitial lesions. HIVAN was first described among African-Americans and Haitian immigrants with advanced HIV disease, an early suggestion of a strong genetic association. This genetic susceptibility was recently linked to polymorphisms on chromosome 22 in individuals of African descent. The association with advanced HIV infection and evidence from HIV-transgenic mice suggested the possibility that HIV directly infects the kidney and that specific HIV gene expression induces host cellular pathways that are responsible for HIVAN pathogenesis. Although combination antiretroviral therapy has substantially reduced the impact of HIVAN in the United States, continued growth of the HIV epidemic in susceptible African populations may have important public health implications. This article reviews recent progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of HIVAN and describes the changing epidemiology of HIV-related kidney disease.
Outcomes of Discontinuing Rivaroxaban Compared With Warfarin in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Manesh R. Patel, Anne S. Hellkamp, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Jonathan P. Piccini, Zhongxin Zhang, Surya Mohanty, Daniel E. Singer, Werner Hacke, Günter Breithardt, Jonathan L. Halperin, Graeme J. Hankey, Richard C. Becker, Christopher C. Nessel, Scott D. Berkowitz, Robert M. Califf, Keith A.A. Fox, Kenneth W. Mahaffey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THE ASSAY OF GALACTOKINASE AND GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Arthur Robinson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

A simple, rapid, and direct method for measuring the activities of the galactokinase and Gal-1-P uridyl transferase enzymes in human erythrocytes is presented. The method has been applied to measurement of enzyme activities in a group of 37 presumably normal persons, 3 patients with galactosemia, 6 known heterozygous carriers of the defect, and 9 relatives of carriers. In every case the test unambiguously identified the individual's status as normal, heterozygotic carrier, or homozygously defective. Use of the test in genetic counseling and genetic epidemological studies is discussed.
Coronary artery spasm in intact dogs induced by potassium and serotonin.
Authors: J E Pérez, J E Saffitz, F A Gutiérrez, P D Henry
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Although coronary artery spasm has been implicated as an important cause of myocardial ischemia in humans, an animal model of reversible segmental coronary constriction has not been described. To provoke coronary spasm in open-chest dogs, selected vasoconstricting agents adsorbed to viscous ion exchange gels were applied topically to the surface of epicardial coronary arteries. The procedure provided a sustained localized release of drug, and minimized effects on contiguous myocardium or on the systemic circulation. Segmental arterial constrictor responses were evaluated by sonomicrometry, arteriography, and electromagnetic flow measurements. Potassium evoked sustained constrictions or spasms, and concomitantly reduced flow by -42 +/- 4% (SE; n = 34). Serotonin likewise produced sustained decreases in flow of -22 +/- 6% (SE; n = 5). Other constrictors, including norepinephrine and angiotensin, failed to evoke sustained constrictions. Spasms nearly abolished reactive hyperemic responses elicited by temporary complete occlusion of the artery. Intravenous nitroglycerin and dihydropyridine calcium antagonists promptly relieved the spasms. Scanning electronmicroscopic examination of the intimal surface of arteries undergoing sustained spasm revealed no platelet thrombi. Thus, nonthrombotic, vasodilator-sensitive segmental coronary spasms were elicited by endogenous constrictors which may play a role in regulating flow to ischemic myocardium.
Cumulative risk adjusted mortality chart for detecting changes in death rate: observational study of heart surgery
Authors: J Poloniecki, O Valencia, P Littlejohns
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To detect changes in mortality after surgery, with allowance being made for variations in case mix. <b>Design:</b> Observational study of postoperative mortality from January 1992 to August 1995. <b>Setting:</b> Regional cardiothoracic unit. <b>Subjects:</b> 3983 patients aged 16 and over who had open heart operations. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Preoperative risk factors and postoperative mortality in hospital within 30 days were recorded for all surgical heart operations. Mortality was adjusted for case mix using a preoperative estimate of risk based on additive Parsonnet factors. The number of operations required for statistical power to detect a doubling of mortality was examined, and control limits at a nominal significance level of P=0.01 for detection of an adverse trend were determined. <b>Results:</b> Total mortality of 7.0% was 26% below the Parsonnet predictor (P&lt;0.0001). There was a highly significant variation in annual case mix (Parsonnet scores 8.7-10.6, P&lt;0.0001). There was no significant variation in mortality after adjustment for case mix (odds ratio 1-1.5, P=0.18) with monitoring by calendar year. With continuous monitoring, however, nominal 99% control limits based on 16 expected deaths were crossed on two occasions. <b>Conclusions:</b> Hospital league tables for mortality from heart surgery will be of limited value because year to year differences in death rate can be large (odds ratio 1.5) even when the underlying risk or case mix does not change. Statistical quality control of a single series with adjustment for case mix is the only way to take into account recent performance when informing a patient of the risk of surgery at a particular hospital. If there is an increase in the number of deaths the chances of the next patient surviving surgery can be calculated from the last 16 deaths. <h3>Key messages</h3> Changes in the patient population affect a hospital9s annual death rate Year to year differences in death rate can be large even when there is no change in the underlying risk or case mix It takes surprisingly many operations before an increase in death rate can be distinguished from random fluctuation A formal inquiry should take place in a hospital if the death rate rises above control limits The chances of the next patient surviving surgery should be calculated using the surgeon9s most recent results
PHYSIOLOGIC TREATMENT OF DEPRESSIVE REACTIONS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: HOWARD D. KURLAND
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

No treatment has yet been devised that can cure all forms of depression or even all patients with any single type of depressive reaction. This pilot study revealed that prednisone was effective in ameliorating only the components of affective disorder in neurotic- and psychotic-depressives and in schizo-affectives. Because of the marked effects in every subject, the use of sequential statistics to analyze the clinical ratings of depression yielded evidence of improvement at the 99% level of confidence with only 4 cases in each of the 3 categories. Further clinical studies of larger populations and variable treatment combinations now appear warranted.
Clotting Factor Gene Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Carla Y. Vossen, Michael Hoffmeister, Jenny C. Chang-Claude, Frits R. Rosendaal, Hermann Brenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose Increased coagulation has been associated with cancer onset and progression. Mainly small studies have addressed the association between clotting factor gene polymorphisms and the onset of colorectal cancer. We examined the association between six well-known clotting factor gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk in a large case-control study. Patients and Methods Factor V Leiden (rs6025), prothrombin G20210A (rs1799963), PAI-1 4G/5G (rs1799889), MTHFR 677C&gt;T (rs1801133), fibrinogen gamma 10034C&gt;T (rs2066865), and factor XIII Val34Leu (rs5985) were genotyped in 1,801 patients with colorectal cancer and 1,853 healthy controls from a large German population-based study. The risk of colorectal cancer associated with gene variants was determined by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs using logistic regression. Results Homozygous carriers of the prothrombotic factor V Leiden polymorphism showed a 5.8-fold increased risk (95% CI, 1.69 to 19.72) for colorectal cancer compared with noncarriers. A 30% reduced risk was found for heterozygous carriers of factor V Leiden (OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.90) and prothrombin G20210A (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.96), implying an advantage for slightly increased thrombin generation. Carriers of the antithrombotic factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism showed a 15% reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.97) compared with noncarriers. Our results did not support an effect of PAI-1 4G/5G, MTHFR 677C&gt;T, and fibrinogen gamma 10034C&gt;T on colorectal cancer risk. Conclusion Our results support a role of clotting factor polymorphisms and thereby the coagulation system in the risk of colorectal cancer.
Bcl-2 Family Genetic Profiling Reveals Microenvironment-Specific Determinants of Chemotherapeutic Response
Authors: Justin R. Pritchard, Luke A. Gilbert, Corbin E. Meacham, Jennifer L. Ricks, Hai Jiang, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Michael T. Hemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The Bcl-2 family encompasses a diverse set of apoptotic regulators that are dynamically activated in response to various cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic stimuli. An extensive variety of cell culture experiments have identified effects of growth factors, cytokines, and drugs on Bcl-2 family functions, but in vivo studies have tended to focus on the role of one or two particular members in development and organ homeostasis. Thus, the ability of physiologically relevant contexts to modulate canonical dependencies that are likely to be more complex has yet to be investigated systematically. In this study, we report findings derived from a pool-based shRNA assay that systematically and comprehensively interrogated the functional dependence of leukemia and lymphoma cells upon various Bcl-2 family members across many diverse in vitro and in vivo settings. This approach permitted us to report the first in vivo loss of function screen for modifiers of the response to a front-line chemotherapeutic agent. Notably, our results reveal an unexpected role for the extrinsic death pathway as a tissue-specific modifier of therapeutic response. In particular, our findings show that particular tissue sites of tumor dissemination play critical roles in demarcating the nature and extent of cancer cell vulnerabilities and mechanisms of chemoresistance. Cancer Res; 71(17); 5850–8. ©2011 AACR.
Liver Transplantation: A Potential Cure for Hepatogenous Diabetes?
Authors: Maria Pallayova, Violet Wilson, Reggie John, Shahrad Taheri
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Hepatogenous diabetes is a common complication of liver cirrhosis (1). It develops gradually as a result of profound insulin resistance and increased endogenous glucose production that unmask or lead to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Since the liver plays a major role in maintaining glucose homeostasis, it is important to investigate whether liver transplantation (LT) could prevent or cure hepatogenous diabetes in patients with liver cirrhosis. We report a case of 2-year diabetes remission in a 49-year-old Chinese female LT recipient treated with tacrolimus who had previously been on intensive insulin therapy for 5 years.

The patient was diagnosed with diabetes in July 2006 at the age of 43 years, when she presented to the clinic because of severe ascites and peripheral edema. Subsequent investigations revealed the presence of hepatitis B with secondary liver cirrhosis, complicated by portal hypertension and esophageal varices. …
Sentinel lymph node localization with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and an I-125 seed: An ideal prospective development study
Authors: M.W. Barentsz, H.M. Verkooijen, R.M. Pijnappel, M.A. Fernandez, P.J. van Diest, C.C. van der Pol, A.J. Witkamp, M.G.G. Hobbelink, A.R. Sever, M.A.A.J. van den Bosch
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
Visible Light‐Triggered On‐Demand Drug Release from Hybrid Hydrogels and its Application in Transdermal Patches
Authors: Haneul Kim, Hyeonjin Lee, Keum‐Yong Seong, Eunsu Lee, Seung Yun Yang, Jinhwan Yoon
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

On-demand release from stimuli-responsive hydrogels has received great attention due to an increasing clinical need. Here, we have prepared spherical hydrogel beads showing visible light-induced volume change at body temper-ature. By spray injection of the monomer solution using the alginate templ-ating method, hybrid beads of several hundred micrometers, consisting of temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) hydrogel and magnetite nanoparticles (MNP), are produced. MNP dispersed in the hydrogel matrix absorbed visible light and generated heat, increasing the temperature of the matrix and resulting in shrinkage of the beads proportional to light intensity. It is demonstrated that light-induced volume change of dexamethasone-loaded hybrid beads result in on-demand and localized release of the drug by exposure to moderate visible light. As a potential application of the light-sensitive hybrid hydrogel beads, a transdermal patch is developed that incorporates drug-loaded hydrogel beads in multiple drug reservoirs, achieving enhanced release of a model drug when exposed to visible light. This platform should be applicable to on-demand, sequential, and long-term release of drugs via light exposure.
Impact of a wireless implanted pulmonary artery pressure monitoring system in heart failure patients with comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gerard Criner, Robert Bourge, Raymond Benza, Philip Adamson, William Abraham, Jay Yadav, Brad Jeffries, Pam Cowart, Jordan Bauman, Fernando Martinez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common comorbidity for heart failure (HF) patients. The presence of high pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) are independently associated with COPD and HF exacerbations.  Objectives: We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate if PAP monitoring and therapy reduced HF hospitalizations (HFH) in HF patients with a medical history of COPD and/or receiving COPD therapies.  Methods: The CHAMPION trial enrolled 550 patients with NYHA class III HF who were followed for an average of 15 months. In the treatment group, clinicians used PAP data to guide therapy decisions in addition to standard of care versus standard of care alone in the control group.  Results: In the entire CHAMPION cohort, treatment had a 37% reduction in HFH rates (0.46 vs. 0.73, HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.77, p  Conclusions: HF patients with COPD experience high HFH rates but have pronounced benefit from PAP monitoring. Further investigations that analyze the relationship between PAP, COPD, and HF and its implication towards new treatment strategies are warranted.
Comparative in vitro activity of penicillin G, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, telithromycin, pristinamycin, quinupristin–dalfopristin and linezolid against ofloxacin-intermediate and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: I. Frédénucci, M. Chomarat, R. Bercion, A. Carricajo, M. Celard, J. Croizé, F. Delubac, D. Fèvre, C. Fuhrmann, M. Helfre, M.N. Letouzey, H. Lelièvre, A. Mandjee, P. Marthelet, R. Meley, J.D. Perrier-Gros-Claude, A. Ros, C. Roure, S. Smati, J. Thierry, J. Tous
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2002)