tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Southwest Oncology Group S9921: Prolonged event-free survival in high-risk prostate cancer (PC) patients receiving adjuvant androgen deprivation
Authors: L. M. Glode, C. M. Tangen, M. H. Hussain, D. P. Wood, G. P. Swanson, D. I. Quinn, N. Dawson, N. Balzer-Haas, E. D. Crawford, I. M. Thompson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

5009 Background: Patients with adverse pathologic risk factors after radical prostatectomy are at high risk for biochemical relapse and eventual death from disease. Adjuvant hormonal therapy with or without chemotherapy may prolong event free survival. Methods: SWOG 9921 randomized 859 eligible high risk PC patients to receive 2 years of adjuvant combined androgen blockade (CAB) (goserelin + bicalutamide) with (433) or without (426) chemotherapy (mitoxantrone + prednisone). The primary endpoint is survival. The DSMC has approved this analysis. PSA was to be assessed every 3 mo for 5 yrs and then every 6 mo for 10 more yrs. PSA relapse was defined as 3 consecutive measurements &gt; 0.2 ng/ml. Death w/o relapse is censored. The CAB only eligible group is being reported (n=426). Risk groups based on eligibility criteria are as follows: Risk Group 1= positive margins or extraprostatic extension only with Gleason 7; elevated PSA (pre-op &gt; 15 ng/ml), or had a pre-op PSA &gt; 10 ng/ml and a biopsy Gleason 7(N=113); Risk Group 2 = seminal vesicle invasion or Gleason &gt;/= 8, but no positive nodes (N=240), Risk Group 3 =positive nodes (N=69), 397 patients from both arms who completed 2 years of CAB were assessed for time to testosterone (T) recovery. T was assessed every 6 mo until it reached the institutional lower limit of normal. The median follow-up time from randomization is 3.8 years. Results: See Table . The estimated median time to T recovery (&gt; 50ng/ml) is 11.7 mo from the end of CAB (95% CI 11.3, 11.9 months). The 6 and 18 mo recovery rates were 16% and 89%. Of 17 deaths (including ineligibles), 7 were from prostate cancer; 4 from other cancers, one cardiovascular disease, and 5 from miscellaneous causes. Conclusions: These data indicate a markedly low PSA relapse and death rates in high risk PC patients who received CAB. This likely is the result of stage migration, patient selection and/or the effects of CAB itself. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Particle-Lamella Complexes in a Case of Human Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: Brief Communication2
Authors: Yuji Ohtsuki, Leon Dmochowski, Gabriel Seman, James M. Bowen, Douglas E. Johnson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Particle--lamella complexes (PLC's), described for the first time, were found in glandular epithelial cells of the hyperplastic prostate tissues from a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. PLC's observed in this patient were similar to those seen in human hematopoietic neoplastic cells. They showed cylindroid forms and were composed of concentrically arranged lamellae and particles found in rows between these lamellae. PLC is closely related to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and some PLC's were completely surrounded by RER. Particles approximately 25--30 nm in diameter were similar to ribosomes in size, shape, and electron density; lamellae approximately 10 nm thick appeared circular in cross sections and lamellar in longitudinal sections. Although the nature and function of PLC's are as yet unknown, the present observation indicated that PLC's are not a characteristic structure restricted to malignant tumors of hematopoietic origin.
Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030
Authors: Joy E Lawn, Hannah Blencowe, Peter Waiswa, Agbessi Amouzou, Colin Mathers, Dan Hogan, Vicki Flenady, J Frederik Frøen, Zeshan U Qureshi, Claire Calderwood, Suhail Shiekh, Fiorella Bianchi Jassir, Danzhen You, Elizabeth M McClure, Matthews Mathai, Simon Cousens, Vicki Flenady, J Frederik Frøen, Mary V Kinney, Luc de Bernis, Joy E Lawn, Hannah Blencowe, Alexander Heazell, Susannah Hopkins Leisher, Kishwar Azad, Anisur Rahman, Shams El-Arifeen, Louise T Day, Stacy L Shah, Shafi Alam, Sonam Wangdi, Tinga Fulbert Ilboudo, Jun Zhu, Juan Liang, Yi Mu, Xiaohong Li, Nanbert Zhong, Theopisti Kyprianou, Kärt Allvee, Mika Gissler, Jennifer Zeitlin, Abdouli Bah, Lamin Jawara, Peter Waiswa, Nicholas Lack, Flor de Maria Herandez, Neena Shah More, Nirmala Nair, Prasanta Tripathy, Rajesh Kumar, Ariarathinam Newtonraj, Manmeet Kaur, Madhu Gupta, Beena Varghese, Jelena Isakova, Tambosi Phiri, Jennifer A Hall, Ala Curteanu, Dharma Manandhar, Chantal Hukkelhoven, Joyce Dijs-Elsinga, Kari Klungsøyr, Olva Poppe, Henrique Barros, Sofi Correia, Shorena Tsiklauri, Jan Cap, Zuzana Podmanicka, Katarzyna Szamotulska, Robert Pattison, Ahmed Ali Hassan, Aimable Musafi, Sanni Kujala, Anna Bergstrom, Jens Langhoff -Roos, Ellen Lundqvist, Daniel Kadobera, Anthony Costello, Tim Colbourn, Edward Fottrell, Audrey Prost, David Osrin, Carina King, Melissa Neuman, Jane Hirst, Sayed Rubayet, Lucy Smith, Bradley N Manktelow, Elizabeth S Draper
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
Antidepressants are addictive and increase the risk of relapse
Authors: Peter C Gøtzsche
Journal: BMJ (2016)

In their systematic review, Amick and colleagues write that reasons for preferring psychotherapy over drugs for depression include concerns about side effects and “perceived ‘addictiveness’” of drugs.1 This addictiveness is not hypothetical, it is very real and affects about half of those treated with antidepressants.2 3 4

The authors do not discuss what is perhaps their most important …
Ceruloplasmine efficacy in patients with asthma exacerbations
Authors: Usman Farkhutdinov, Shamil Farkhutdinov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Ceruloplasmine (C) proves to be a valuable preparation in the treatment of patients with lung diseases because it is a copper containing enzyme which is considered to be the basic antioxidant factor.

The aim was to study the effect of of C on the production of active oxygen forms (AOF)) in patients with bronchial asthma (BA).

Methods: 40 patients with BA exacerbations were included in the study. The production of AOF in the blood of patients was studied by registration of luminol dependent spontaneous (SP) and staphylococcus activated (SA) chemiluminescence (ChL). The patients were divided into 2 groups. 20 patients received standard therapy with different basic medications. The other 20 patients with BA received combined therapy including C.

Results: In comparison with normal findings SPChL of blood in patients with BA was higher by 1,5-times and SAChL was higher by 1,8 times. It indicated increased production of AOF by blood cells. Treatment with C was associated with reduced generation of AOF in the blood, positive dynamics of clinical and laboratory findings. Patients who received standard therapy demonstrated symptoms of the disease and enhanced ChL intensity of the blood for a long time.

Conclusion: AOF production in patients with BA exacerbations was found to be increased The use of C reduces AOF production and improves the treatment efficacy.
Activity of trastuzumab (t) beyond disease progression in HER2 over-expressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC)
Authors: G. Metro, M. Mottolese, S. Di Cosimo, P. Papaldo, G. Ferretti, P. Carlini, A. M. Cianciulli, D. Giannarelli, F. Cognetti, A. Fabi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

1066 Background: In HER-2 over-expressing MBC patients (pts), preclinical evidence suggests that T therapy should be continued until disease progression. On the other hand, the activity of T beyond disease progression is unknown. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated HER-2 over-expressing (score 3+ by IHC or 2+ and FISH amplified) unselected MBC pts treated at our institution with successive T-based cytotoxic therapies. Results: From 06/2001 to 06/2006 59 patients (57 female and 2 male) receiving at least 1 T-based regimen for advanced breast carcinoma were identified. Characteristics of patients at initiation of T were as follows: median age 51 years (32–73), pre-menopausal 28/57 (49%), HER-2 IHC 3+ 49/59 (83%), negative hormonal receptor status 34/59 (58%), visceral disease 45/59 (76%), adjuvant chemotherapy 47/59 (80%), chemo-naïve for MBC 30/59 (51%), median number of previous chemotherapy lines for MBC prior to T 1 (0–2). A total of 37, 16 and 9 patients received respectively a 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th T-based regimen. In the 1 st T-based line there was an overall response rate (ORr) of 60% (clinical benefit-CB- 83%) while 2 nd T-based line yielded an ORr of 29% (CB 62%). None of the 16 and 9 patients who received respectively a 3 rd and 4 th T-based line responded to treatment. At a median follow up of 26 months (range 7–78), median time to progression was 9.5 months (95%c.i. 8.2–10.9), 6.7 months (95%c.i. 3.9–9.4), 4.0 months (95%c.i. 2.4–6-0) and 4.5 months (95%c.i. 3.7–8.3) from 1 st to 4 th T-based line respectively. Overall survival (OS) was 37 months (95%c.i. 22.4–53.4). No significant difference was observed in OS between the 22 patients receiving only 1 T-based line and the 37 patients who underwent at least 2 T-containing regimens (28 months vs 38 months, p=0.85). Conclusions: In HER-2 positive MBC patients T beyond disease progression maintains activity in terms of CB, TTP and OS. Prospective randomized trials are warranted to draw definitive results. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Binocularity in Bioethics—and Beyond: A Review of Erik Parens,<i>Shaping Our Selves: On Technology, Flourishing, and a Habit of Thinking</i>
Authors: Brian D. Earp, Michael Hauskeller
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

Parens (2015) defends a habit of thinking he calls "binocularity," which involves switching between analytical lenses (much as one must switch between seeing the duck vs. the rabbit in Wittgenstein's famous example).Applying this habit of thought to a range of debates in contemporary bioethics, Parens urges us to acknowledge the ways in which our personal intuitions and biases shape our thinking about contentious moral issues.In this review of Parens's latest book, we reflect on our own position as participants in the so-called "enhancement" debates, where a binocular approach could be especially useful.In particular, we consider the case of "love drugs," a subject on which we have sometimes reached very different conclusions.We finish with an analogy to William James's (1907) distinction between "tenderminded" rationalists and "tough-minded" empiricists, and draw some general lessons for improving academic discourse.
Increase in splenic volume suggesting unrecognized portal hypertension resulting from adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC)
Authors: R. Angitapalli, P. Kumar, A. Litwin, E. Nasser, J. Lombardo, T. Mashtare, G. E. Wilding, M. Fakih
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15028 Background: FOLFOX has been associated with pathological hepatic injury. The impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on portal hypertension and splenic enlargement has not been previously described. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the effects of adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy on splenic volume as a surrogate marker for portal hypertension. Methods: CRC pts treated with adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between2002 and 2006were identified. Demographic, body mass index (BMI), serial alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) data were collected. Serial computerized tomography (CT) data starting prior to chemotherapy, at the completion of chemotherapy, and every 6 months thereafter were reviewed. Splenic size (measured as splenic index [SI] = length × width × height of the spleen), and portal vein measurements were collected. Correlations between SI, time from treatment, and other variables were investigated. Wilcoxon and Fisher's exact tests were used for association analysis (0.05 significance level). Results: 40 ptswere identified. The mean SI was 522, 734, 633, 631, 576 cm3, at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months (m), respectively. SI was increased ≥ 50% in 15 pts (37%) and 5 pts (13%) at 6 and 12 m from baseline, respectively. SI was increased by ≥ 25% in 22 pts (55%) and 12 pts (32%) at 6 and 12 m from baseline, respectively. The mean increase in SI from baseline was 46%, 25%, 20%, 17% at 6, 12, 18, and 24 m from baseline, respectively. SI decreased with time upon completion of chemotherapy (p = 0.0043). One pt has progressive increase in SI > 1 year from completion of chemotherapy. There was a significant baseline splenic index effect, with higher baseline SI being associated with an increased likelihood of splenic enlargement (p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between BMI, ALT, AST, or ALP and SI. Portal vein diameter and SI had significant positive correlation at 6 m in patients with a SI increase ≥25%. Conclusions: Splenic enlargement is common upon completion of adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy, is reversible in the majority of patients, and has no clear clinical significance. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Liberals and conservatives: Non-convertible currencies
Authors: John R. Hibbing, Kevin B. Smith, John R. Alford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract Duarte et al. are correct that the social science enterprise would improve on several fronts if the number of politically conservative researchers were to increase; however, because they misunderstand the degree to which liberals and conservatives are dispositionally different, they fail to appreciate the full range of reasons that conservatives are reluctant to enter the modern social sciences.
Is it necessary to give tuberculosis treatment daily throughout
Authors: Kwok-Chiu Chang, Chi-Chiu Leung, Shan-Shan Huang, Cheuk-Ming Tam
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  Although daily initial-phase (IP) treatment can better reduce tuberculosis (TB) relapse risk, the optimal continuation-phase (CP) dosing schedule is debatable.  Objectives  We compared pulmonary TB relapse risks due to daily and thrice-weekly (TIW) CP treatment among patients given standard 6-month or extended standard regimens with daily IP treatment.  Methods  Two cohorts were assembled, one with treatment started from 1998 to 2000, and the other notified from 2006 to 2008. They were followed for 30 months and 24 months after starting treatment, respectively. All received ≥75% daily treatment in the first 2 months, and ≥75% daily or TIW treatment in the next four. Each relapse case was individually matched by sex against 1-5 controls. Relapse risks were estimated by sampling fractions within respective cohorts, and adjusted odds ratios of relapse (AOR) by conditional logistic regression analysis.  Results  One cohort involved 48 cases and 126 controls, and the other 26 cases and 103 controls. Relapse risks were 46/6152 (0.7%) and 20/4234 (0.5%) for daily treatment, and 2/543 (0.4%) and 6/1087 (0.6%) for TIW treatment. With no significant heterogeneity by the chi-square test, both cohorts were combined. Simultaneously adjusted for 12 covariates, AOR (95% confidence interval) were 0.9 (0.4-2.4) for TIW treatment, 2.4 (1.1-5.1) for initial cavitation, and 4.9 (1.2-20.1) for culture persistence. With no cavitation, relapse risks were 28/6412 (0.4%) for daily and 4/1000 (0.4%) for TIW schedules. Corresponding risks were 38/3974 (1.0%) and 4/630 (0.6%) with cavitation, and 8/510 (1.6%) and 1/97 (1.0%) with cavitation plus culture persistence.  Conclusions  Given standard daily IP treatment, TIW CP treatment may be adequate.
원저 : 비알코올성 지방간 환자에서 대사증후군의 유병률
Authors: 문기원 ( Ki Won Moon ), 임정묵 ( Joung Muk Leem ), 배상석 ( Sang Seok Bae ), 이기만 ( Ki Man Lee ), 김석형 ( Seok Hyung Kim ), 채희복 ( Hee Bok Chae ), 박선미 ( Seon Mee Park ), 윤세진 ( Sei Jin Youn )
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2004)

목적: 비알코올성 지방간(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)은 알코올 섭취 없이 간에 지방 변성, 염증세포 침윤, 섬유화 등이 발생하는 질환으로 약물이나 위장관 수술에 의해서 발생하기도 하지만 비만, 인슐린 저항성, 당뇨, 고지혈증과 같은 대사성 질환들에 자주 동반하여 나타난다. 대사증후군은 비만, 이상지혈증, 고혈압, 내당능 장애나 당뇨병 등을 특징으로 하는 질환으로 국내에서 점차 유병률이 증가하는 추세이다. 위
Extracorporeal Irradiation of the Blood in Humans: Effects upon Erythrocyte Survival
Authors: LEWIS M. SCHIFFER, HAROLD L. ATKINS, ARJUN D. CHANANA, EUGENE P. CRONKITE, MICHAEL L. GREENBERG, HORTON A. JOHNSON, JAMES S. ROBERTSON, PIERRE A. STRYCKMANS
Journal: Blood (1966)
Book: The Spine and Medical Negligence
Authors: P. Hoyte
Journal: BMJ (1999)

R W Porter Bios Scientific, £19.95, pp 200 ISBN 1 85996 126 6 ——————— Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Since 1991 the cost of medical negligence in the United Kingdom has risen fivefold—it costs the NHS over £300m a year. Fortunately, there is no evidence of any fall in clinical standards. The proportion of claims that are settled with payment of compensation to patients has in fact … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Manual revision of automated lung function grading results in an increase of accepted data and a relevant change in FEV1 and FVC
Authors: Bernadette Aalders-de Ruijter, J. Jacobs, J. Rosbach, U. Gehring, M. Tewis, J. Rooyackers, E. Krop
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: In population studies, automated portable devices are used to measure lung function on location. A build-in automated quality algorithm selects technically correct lung function data for analysis.  Aim: To evaluate the performance of intergraded quality control in lung function testing equipment.  Methods: Lung function measurements in 6137 children (age 6 -13) were collected from the HITEA, FRESH and the PIAMA study. All measurements were performed with a portable device, which uses an algorithm based on between-manoeuvre acceptability criteria from the ATS/ERS in an adapted grading system (NDD EasyOne). Data with A, B and C grades are acceptable for data analysis while data with grades D or F are rejected. All tests were manually checked by a certified respiratory function technologist using the same grading system to evaluate decisions made by the algorithm. Furthermore, data from the PIAMA study (n=1530) was used to determine the absolute effect of manual revision on mean FEV 1  and FVC.  Results: Manual revision resulted in 2411 adjustments (39%): 374 (16%) to a lower and 1346 (56%) to a higher quality grade. Of all original measurements 21% was rejected by automated quality control. From these, 685 measurements (53%) could be saved for analysis after manual revision. In addition, 110 accepted manoeuvres were rejected (2%) Manuel revision resulted in an absolute change in FEV 1  and FVC of respectively 189 and 240 ml.  Conclusion: Manual revision saves a large number of measurements and changes lung function values. Adaptation of the algorithm may improve the performance of automated grading of lung function measurements.
Comparison between referral and explant diagnoses in lung transplant recipients: Discrepancies and additional findings
Authors: Peter Jaksch, Mai-Britt Ernst, Axel Scheed, Silvana Geleff, Gerhard Dekan, Walter Klepetko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: LuTX is an accepted therapeutic option for a range of pulmonary conditions in which the diagnosis is often based on clinical data or on limited biopsy material. PostTX complications and recurrence of underlying disease may be related to the primary disease, and an accurate diagnosis is therefore essential.

Methods: A pathologic review was performed on 1056 primary LuTX over a period of 22 years (1998 to 2010). Diagnoses of native lungs were compared with referral diagnoses to assess the presence of discrepancies or expanded results (malignancies or infections).

Results: 73 (7%) cases presented a different or expanded diagnosis. Discrepancies were found in 34 of 1054 cases (3%). The highest percentage of discordance was depicted in COPD (12 of 344), with the final diagnosis of UIP (n=4), chronic interstitial fibrosis (n=4), silicosis (n=2), LAM (n=1) and sarcoidosis (n=1). 16 patients who were referred with the diagnosis of an interstitial lung disease had predominantly emphysema (n=12), bronchiectasis (n=2) and HX (n=2).

Expanded results included Aspergillus (n=11) and mycobacterial (n= 16) infections, carcinomas (n=10), cystic adenomatoid dysplasia (n=1) and carcinoid (n=1).

However, short- and long-term survival was not different in patients with different diagnoses, malignancies or implanted infections. Interestingly all mycobacterial infections and all malignancies occurred in patients with COPD

Conclusions: On account of this high rate of discrepancies and its possible influence on survival, frequently repeated clinicopathologic investigations should be performed during the waiting list period.
Survival predictors after surgical resection of synchronous bilateral non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC)
Authors: T. Tanvetyanon, L. Robinson, E. Sommers, S. Altiok, E. Haura, J. Kim, G. Bepler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

7517 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that presents with bilateral lung lesions, but without extra-thoracic metastasis, is uncommon. Prognosis is typically poor: No long-term survivor is expected with systemic chemotherapy. However, small reports have suggested the feasibility of bilateral resections. To date, the predictors of survival following this treatment approach remain unknown. Methods: Our institutional tumor registry was searched for patients who underwent bilateral resections of NSCLC during 1998–2006. Patients with metachronous presentations (second lesion found ≥ 2 years afterward) were excluded. Kaplan-Meier survival estimate and Cox proportional hazards model were used to identify survival predictors. Results: Of the 2582 patients operated for NSCLC, 50 patients were included in this analysis. Median age was 69.2 years. Median tumor sizes were 2.0 cms; Adenocarcinomas were the most common (51%). Of 103 thoracotomies, pneumonectomy was performed in 3 patients. Overall peri-operative mortality was 1.9%. Median progression-free survival was 46.0 months (95% CI, 33.1–66.6); overall survival was 77.5 months (95% CI, 43.1–111.1). Performance status, presence of comorbidity, and pathological vascular invasion were important prognostic factors (Table). Risk score based on the sum of these factors (present =1; absent =0) was a strong predictor of survival. Patients with score ≥ 2 (N=11) had a median survival of 17.2 months, compared with 83.5 months among those with score ≤ 1 (HR 5.52, 95% CI 2.27–13.46; p=0.0002). Conclusions: In this largest series of surgery for synchronous bilateral NSCLC to date, the overall survival rate at 5 years is approximately 50%. Performance status, comorbidity, and vascular invasion are strong predictors of survival. Patients with vascular invasion are at an increased risk of progression or death and adjuvant therapy should be considered. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Identification Of Chromosomal Abnormalities By Microarray-Based Genomic Profiling As Compared To Karyotyping In Patients With Low and Intermediate-1 Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes Within a Prospective Clinical Trial: A Study On Behalf Of The HOVON89 Study Group
Authors: Marian J.P.L. Stevens-Kroef, Annet Simons, Najat El Idrissi-Zaynoun, Bert A. van der Reijden, Eline M.P. Cremers, Canan Alhan, Theresia M. Westers, Heleen A. Visser-Wisselaar, Dana Chitu, Edo Vellenga, S. K. Klein, Pierre W. Wijermans, Georgine E. De Greef, Martyn R. Schaafsma, M. van Marwijk Kooy, Petra Muus, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Arjan A. van de Loosdrecht, Joop H. Jansen
Journal: Blood (2013)