tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Why do singletons conceived after assisted reproduction technology have adverse perinatal outcome? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: A. Pinborg, U. B. Wennerholm, L. B. Romundstad, A. Loft, K. Aittomaki, V. Soderstrom-Anttila, K. G. Nygren, J. Hazekamp, C. Bergh
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2012)

Assisted reproduction technology (ART) is used worldwide, at increasing rates, and data show that some adverse outcomes occur more frequently than following spontaneous conception (SC). Possible explanatory factors for the well-known adverse perinatal outcome in ART singletons were evaluated. PubMed and Cochrane databases from 1982 to 2012 were searched. Studies using donor or frozen oocytes were excluded, as well as those with no control group or including <100 children. The main outcome measure was preterm birth (PTB defined as delivery <37 weeks of gestation), and a random effects model was used for meta-analyses of PTB. Other outcomes were very PTB, low-birthweight (LBW), very LBW, small for gestational age and perinatal mortality. The search returned 1255 articles and 65 of these met the inclusion criteria. The following were identified as predictors for PTB in singletons: SC in couples with time to pregnancy (TTP) > 1 year versus SC singletons in couples with TTP ≤ 1 year [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22, 1.50]; IVF/ICSI versus SC singletons from subfertile couples (TTP > 1 year; AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.30, 1.85); conception after ovulation induction and/or intrauterine insemination versus SC singletons where TTP ≤ 1 year (AOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.21, 1.74); IVF/ICSI singletons versus their non-ART singleton siblings (AOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08, 1.49). The risk of PTB in singletons with a 'vanishing co-twin' versus from a single gestation was AOR of 1.73 (95% CI 1.54, 1.94) in the narrative data. ICSI versus IVF (AOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69–0.93), and frozen embryo transfer versus fresh embryo transfer (AOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76, 0.94) were associated with a lower risk of PTB. Subfertility is a major risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome in ART singletons, however, even in the same mother an ART singleton has a poorer outcome than the non-ART sibling; hence, factors related to the hormone stimulation and/or IVF methods per se also may play a part. Further research is required into mechanisms of epigenetic modification in human embryos and the effects of cryopreservation on this, whether milder ovarian stimulation regimens can improve embryo quality and endometrial conditions, and whether longer culture times for embryos has a negative influence on the perinatal outcome.
The role of procoagulant activity in patients with community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Alona Matveychuk, Masri Numan, Alexander Guber, Baruch Chen, David Shitrit
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still one of the most important causes of morbidity in adults. In severe cases, parapneumonic effusions or empyema may develop. In these patients, the increased vascular permeability, mediated by several cytokines, allows migration of inflammatory cells, an increased fluid accumulation and bacterial invasion into pleural space. The activation of the fibrinolytic system produce the D-dimer and follow by increased other procoagulant markers like thrombin anti thrombin (TAT), fragment 1.2. Moreover, serum levels of AT-III, D-D and CRP at admission appear to be useful biomarkers for assessing the severity of CAP. Our study included patients with CAP. Blood D-dimer, TAT and Fragment 1,2 levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Fluorescent assay 24 and 48 hours after admission. The results were correlated with the clinical, laboratory, and severity scoring of pneumonia (PORT and APACHI II). A total of 59 patients with pleural effusion were included in the study. Eleven patients (18%) developed pleural effusion. Only D-dimer levels increased 48 hours following admission compared to the 24 hours levels (1939±1234 vs 1812±1592 ng/ml). Fragment 1,2 and TAT levels decreased after 48 hours. D-dimer at 24 hours was correlated with the age, platelet counts and PORT score. F 1,2 and TAT at 24 hours were correlated with recent of neutrophils. PT at 24 hours was correlated with WBC count. After 48 hours, D-dimer was correlated only with age. F1,2 and TAT had no correlations with clinical parameters after 48 hours. The 24 hours D-dimer predicts severity of CAP. Other coagulation markers and serial monitoring of blood coagulation markers have a limited role in predicting CAP.
Mucosal exudation of plasma is a noninjurious intestinal defense mechanism
Authors: C. G. A. Persson, B. Gustafsson, J. S. Erjefalt, F. Sundler
Journal: Allergy (1993)

We have demonstrated in sensitized rats that the immediate response to endointestinal challenge with allergen (10(-6) M ovalbumin) is characterized by mucosal exudation of plasma with little or no concomitant change in the mucosal absorption capacity. The luminal entry of plasma macromolecules also leaves the light microscopic structure and the ultrastructure of the mucosa unaffected. It is possible that the plasticity of epithelial zonulae occludens allows a noninjurious and unidirectional paracellular flux of extravasated plasma into the gut lumen. We propose that inflammatory-stimulus-induced mucosal exudation of plasma belongs to the first-line defense mechanisms of the intact lining of the intestine.
Burden of typhoid fever in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic, literature-based update with risk-factor adjustment
Authors: Vittal Mogasale, Brian Maskery, R Leon Ochiai, Jung Seok Lee, Vijayalaxmi V Mogasale, Enusa Ramani, Young Eun Kim, Jin Kyung Park, Thomas F Wierzba
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)
Binding of charged ferritin to alveolar wall components and charge selectivity of macromolecular transport in permeability pulmonary edema in rats.
Authors: J S Brody, C A Vaccaro, N S Hill, S Rounds
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Rat lungs were inflated and incubated in either anionic or cationic ferritin, and alveolar and capillary basement membranes were examined by electron microscopy. Cationic ferritin bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the external surface of the alveolar basement membrane, whereas cationic ferritin bound to the lamina densa of the capillary basement membranes. Anionic and cationic ferritin was also perfused through the pulmonary circulation of lungs isolated from control rats and rats previously injected with alpha-naphthylthiourea, which produces permeability pulmonary edema. Neither anionic nor cationic ferritin leaked from the pulmonary capillaries in perfused controls; cationic, but not anionic, ferritin adhered to endothelial cell surfaces. In lungs with alpha-naphthylthiourea pulmonary edema, perfused for 2-15 minutes, anionic ferritin leaked from pulmonary capillaries into the alveolar interstitium and alveolar space, while cationic ferritin remained within the capillary lumen. Five times as much anionic ferritin appeared in the capillary basement membranes on the thick side of the alveolar wall, as in the alveolar basement membranes on the thin side of the alveolar wall. In alpha-naphthylthiourea lungs perfused for 45-60 minutes, cationic ferritin also leaked through the injured endothelium and bound twice as much to the alveolar as the capillary basement membranes. The negatively charged pulmonary capillary endothelium, the positively charged capillary basement membranes, and the negatively charged alveolar basement membranes may influence the transport of macromolecules from the pulmonary circulation in permeability pulmonary edema.
The polypill story from a ringside seat
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

I first encountered the idea of the polypill on a bus in France in 2002. Seven years later in Clapham, South London, I'm taking five of the components of a polypill every night, but I'm still waiting for the single polypill, although I know that several polypills are available in India. What is the story that has led me from France to Clapham, and where will we go next?
Measurement of Left Ventricular Volume in the Canine Heart by Biplane Angiocardiography: Accuracy of the Method Using Different Model Analogies
Authors: MIGUEL E. SANMARCO, STUART H. BARTLE
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Casts of the left ventricular cavity were made in 21 canine hearts. Fifty observations were made by means of biplane X-ray films. Left ventricular volume was measured by water displacement and calculated according to six different model analogies. There was good statistical correlation and small error for each of the methods. Method 1, based on the use of the ellipsoid as the reference figure, and using the projected area and the long axis to calculate the transverse diameter, was more accurate than the others. The standard error of estimate with this method was 2.5 ml or approximately 8% at a volume of 30 ml, an average end diastolic volume for a dog weighing 15 kg.
Abstract B4: A “DNA replication stress” gene signature associated with a poor prognosis in early non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Camille Allera-Moreau, Marie-Bernadette Delisle, Jean-Sebastien Hoffmann, Christophe Cazaux, Isabelle Rouquette, Benoit Lepage, Naima Oumouhou, Karine Gordien, Laurent Brouchet, Julien Mazieres, Philippe Pasero
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The conventional clinical staging classification is not sufficient to predict the survival of patients who suffer from early lung cancer. Additional prognostic factors are then needed to better forecast their outcome. Since perturbation of the genome replication i.e. the so-called “replicative stress” is admitted to contribute to neoplasia from its early stages, we hypothesized that genes involved in such process may therefore represent a still under-explored source of such biomarkers. We specifically assessed in primary tumors and adjacent normal tissues from a series of 93 patients suffering from early- or mid-stage non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma the expression (RT-qPCR) of 77 “DNA replication” genes involved in either initiation/licensing at the 50,000 replication origins dispersed along the genome, elongation of DNA chains onto damaged or undamaged DNA, maintenance of stalled DNA replication forks or intra-S phase DNA damage processing and signaling. A 4-gene signature separated patients to high-risk and low-risk subgroups with significantly different survival. This prognostic effect was independent on age, sex, treatment, stage classification and expression of proliferation markers. We propose that a “cancer replisome” signature could be a predictor of the cancer survival and might also help understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor progression in lung cancer patients.
Detecting altered postural control after cerebral concussion in athletes with normal postural stability
Authors: J T Cavanaugh, K M Guskiewicz, C Giuliani, S Marshall, V Mercer, N Stergiou
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Objective: To determine if approximate entropy (ApEn), a regularity statistic from non-linear dynamics, could detect changes in postural control during quiet standing in athletes with normal postural stability after cerebral concussion. Methods: The study was a retrospective, case series analysis of centre of pressure (COP) data collected during the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) from NCAA Division I (USA) athletes prior to and within 48 h after injury. Subjects were 21 male and six female athletes from a variety of sports who sustained a cerebral concussion between 1997 and 2003. After injury, athletes displayed normal postural stability equivalent to preseason levels. For comparison, COP data also were collected from 15 male and 15 female healthy non-athletes on two occasions. ApEn values were calculated for COP anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) time series. Results: Compared to healthy subjects, COP oscillations among athletes generally became more regular (lower ApEn value) after injury despite the absence of postural instability. For AP time series, declines in ApEn values were much larger in SOT conditions 1 and 2 (approximately three times as large as the standard error of the mean) than for all other conditions. For ML time series, ApEn values declined after injury in all sensory conditions ( F 1,55 = 6.36, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Athletes who demonstrated normal postural stability after concussion nonetheless displayed subtle changes in postural control. Changes in ApEn may have represented a clinically abnormal finding. ApEn analysis of COP oscillations may be a valuable supplement to existing concussion assessment protocols for athletes.
Intensely Pruritic Eruption in a College Student
Authors: Shira Wieder, Jacob Levitt
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic infected individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: A. C. Ford, D. Forman, R. H. Hunt, Y. Yuan, P. Moayyedi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine whether searching for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and treating with eradication therapy leads to a reduction in incidence of gastric cancer among healthy asymptomatic infected individuals. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials were searched through to December 2013. Conference proceedings between 2001 and 2013 were hand searched. A recursive search was performed with bibliographies of relevant studies. There were no language restrictions. <b>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies</b> Randomised controlled trials examining the effect of at least seven days of eradication therapy on subsequent occurrence of gastric cancer in adults who tested positive for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> but otherwise healthy and asymptomatic were eligible. The control arm had to receive placebo or no treatment. Subjects had to be followed for ≥2 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcome, defined a priori, was the effect of eradication therapy on the subsequent occurrence of gastric cancer expressed as a relative risk of gastric cancer with 95% confidence intervals. <b>Results</b> The search strategy identified 1560 citations, of which six individual randomised controlled trials were eligible. Fifty one (1.6%) gastric cancers occurred among 3294 individuals who received eradication therapy versus 76 (2.4%) in 3203 control subjects (relative risk 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.46 to 0.95), with no heterogeneity between studies (I<sup>2</sup>=0%, P=0.60). If the benefit of eradication therapy was assumed to persist lifelong the number needed to treat was as low as 15 for Chinese men and as high as 245 for US women. <b>Conclusions</b> These data provide limited, moderate quality evidence that searching for and eradicating <i>H pylori</i> reduces the incidence of gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic infected Asian individuals, but these data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other populations.
Additional mutations in SRSF2, ASXL1 and/or RUNX1 identify a high-risk group of patients with KIT D816V+ advanced systemic mastocytosis
Authors: M Jawhar, J Schwaab, S Schnittger, M Meggendorfer, M Pfirrmann, K Sotlar, H-P Horny, G Metzgeroth, S Kluger, N Naumann, C Haferlach, T Haferlach, P Valent, W-K Hofmann, A Fabarius, N C P Cross, A Reiter
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Moisture Status of the Skin of the Feet Assessed by the Visual Test Neuropad Correlates With Foot Ulceration in Diabetes
Authors: Nicholas Tentolouris, Christina Voulgari, Stavros Liatis, Alexander Kokkinos, Ioanna Eleftheriadou, Konstantinos Makrilakis, Kyriakoula Marinou, Nicholas Katsilambros
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the moisture status of the skin of the feet with foot ulceration in subjects with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 379 subjects with diabetes were examined. Assessment of peripheral neuropathy was based on neuropathy symptom score, neuropathy disability score, vibration perception threshold, and the 10-g monofilament perception. The moisture status of the skin of the feet was assessed using the visual test Neuropad. RESULTS Patients with foot ulceration had more severe peripheral neuropathy and more often an abnormal Neuropad response. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the odds of foot ulceration increased with measures of neuropathy but increased also with an abnormal Neuropad response. CONCLUSIONS An abnormal Neuropad response correlates with foot ulceration in subjects with diabetes. This finding, if confirmed prospectively, suggests that the Neuropad test may be included in the screening tests for the prediction of foot ulceration.
Height and incidence of cardiovascular disease in male physicians.
Authors: P R Hebert, J W Rich-Edwards, J E Manson, P M Ridker, N R Cook, G T O'Connor, J E Buring, C H Hennekens
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND An inverse association between height and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) has been reported in several case-control and cohort studies, but the reasons for the association remain uncertain. We evaluated this association among 22,071 male physicians, a population homogeneous for high educational attainment and socioeconomic status in adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population was comprised of participants in the Physicians' Health Study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose aspirin and beta-carotene in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer among US male physicians, aged 40 to 84 years, in 1982. Participants were classified into five height categories at study entry, from shortest to tallest, and were followed an average of 60.2 months to determine the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and death from cardiovascular disease. Men in the tallest (&gt; or = 73 in. or 185.4 cm) compared with the shortest (&lt; or = 67 in. or 170.2 cm) height category had a 35% lower risk of MI (relative risk, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.99; P = .04), after adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors. Further, a marginally significant inverse trend (P trend = .05) across the height categories was observed. Although the relationship was not strictly linear, for every inch of added height, there was an approximate 2% to 3% decline in risk of MI. In contrast, men in the tallest compared with the shortest height category had only small and nonsignificant decreases in risk of stroke and cardiovascular death. While no significant trend in risks of these end points across the height categories was observed, the numbers of events for these end points were far less than for MI, and thus the confidence intervals were wide. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that height is inversely associated with subsequent risk of MI. At this time, a few mechanisms are plausible, but none are convincing. Other epidemiological and basic research efforts are needed to explore a variety of physiological correlates of height that may be responsible for mediating the height-MI association. In the meantime, while height is not modifiable, it is easy to measure and may be useful to evaluate CHD disease risk profiles and target lifestyle interventions.
Impaired Mitochondrial Function and Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle in Mitochondrial Diabetes
Authors: Julia Szendroedi, Albrecht Ingo Schmid, Martin Meyerspeer, Camilla Cervin, Michaela Kacerovsky, Gerhard Smekal, Sabine Gräser-Lang, Leif Groop, Michael Roden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Impaired muscular mitochondrial function is related to common insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Mitochondrial diseases frequently lead to diabetes, which is mostly attributed to defective β-cell mitochondria and secretion. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed muscular mitochondrial function and lipid deposition in liver (hepatocellular lipids [HCLs]) and muscle (intramyocellular lipids [IMCLs]) using 31P/1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and insulin sensitivity and endogenous glucose production (EGP) using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps combined with isotopic tracer dilution in one female patient suffering from MELAS (myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) syndrome and in six control subjects. RESULTS The MELAS patient showed impaired insulin sensitivity (4.3 vs. 8.6 ± 0.5 mg · kg−1 · min−1) and suppression of EGP (69 vs. 94 ± 1%), and her baseline and insulin-stimulated ATP synthesis were reduced (7.3 and 8.9 vs. 10.6 ± 1.0 and 12.8 ± 1.3 μmol · l−1 · min−1) compared with those of the control subjects. HCLs and IMCLs were comparable between the MELAS patient and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of muscle mitochondrial fitness promotes insulin resistance and could thereby contribute to the development of diabetes in some patients with the MELAS syndrome.
Genomic grade adds prognostic value in invasive lobular carcinoma
Authors: O. Metzger-Filho, S. Michiels, F. Bertucci, A. Catteau, R. Salgado, C. Galant, D. Fumagalli, S.K. Singhal, C. Desmedt, M. Ignatiadis, S. Haussy, P. Finetti, D. Birnbaum, K.S. Saini, M. Berlière, I. Veys, E. de Azambuja, I. Bozovic, H. Peyro-Saint-Paul, D. Larsimont, M. Piccart, C. Sotiriou
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)