tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A STATISTICAL STUDY OF FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS IN PSYCHONEUROSIS
Authors: HARRINGTON V. INGHAM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

On the basis of family histories, a series of psychoneurotic patients in a university psychiatric clinic was compared to a group of their contemporaries not selected as to mental disease. Minor illnesses and family difficulties were disregarded throughout. The results indicated that 2 concepts (intrafamily conflict and mental disease in some member of the family group) are important concomitants of neurosis. The following conclusions were suggested by the data. Mental illness in parents, separation of parents or lack of adjustment between them, rejection by parent figures, parental overrestriction, mental illness in siblings or disturbed relationships between them, and disruption of the subject's marriage are indicated considerably more frequently in those students suffering from psychoneurosis than in the university population at large. Death, prolonged physical illness or foreign birth of parents, extra relatives living in the home, sibling favoritism, lack of siblings, and factors relating to size of sibship or relative ages of siblings are found no more often in the neurotics than in the others. The margin of difference between the two sets of items is great enough to suggest that the same conclusions may be true for psychoneurotic people in general.
The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of dark chocolate consumption as prevention therapy in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease: best case scenario analysis using a Markov model
Authors: E. Zomer, A. Owen, D. J. Magliano, D. Liew, C. M. Reid
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To model the long term effectiveness and cost effectiveness of daily dark chocolate consumption in a population with metabolic syndrome at high risk of cardiovascular disease. <b>Design</b> Best case scenario analysis using a Markov model. <b>Setting</b> Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study. <b>Participants</b> 2013 people with hypertension who met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, with no history of cardiovascular disease and not receiving antihypertensive therapy. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Treatment effects associated with dark chocolate consumption derived from published meta-analyses were used to determine the absolute number of cardiovascular events with and without treatment. Costs associated with cardiovascular events and treatments were applied to determine the potential amount of funding required for dark chocolate therapy to be considered cost effective. <b>Results</b> Daily consumption of dark chocolate (polyphenol content equivalent to 100 g of dark chocolate) can reduce cardiovascular events by 85 (95% confidence interval 60 to 105) per 10 000 population treated over 10 years. $A40 (£25; €31; $42) could be cost effectively spent per person per year on prevention strategies using dark chocolate. These results assume 100% compliance and represent a best case scenario. <b>Conclusions</b> The blood pressure and cholesterol lowering effects of dark chocolate consumption are beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular events in a population with metabolic syndrome. Daily dark chocolate consumption could be an effective cardiovascular preventive strategy in this population.
Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Response to Fat Feeding in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Alec Avgerinos, Peter Chu, Charles Greenfield, David S. Harry, Neil Mcintyre
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Serum lipids and lipoproteins were analyzed after an overnight fast, and following a fatty meal in 10 patients with cirrhosis, 5 with fatty liver, and 5 normal subjects. Cirrhotic patients were divided into two groups of five on the basis of serum lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Fasting triglyceride levels were similar in all four groups. In all but cirrhotic patients with low lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity, most fasting triglyceride was found in very low density lipoproteins; in the latter group, most of it was found in low density lipoproteins. We confirmed that patients with fatty liver have a higher serum triglyceride response to fat feeding than normal subjects, but we did not find higher levels in cirrhotic patients. Cirrhotic patients with "normal" lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity had a normal triglyceride response to dietary fat. In patients with cirrhosis and low lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity, the increase in triglyceride was less than in normal subjects. In this group, most of the extra triglyceride was carried in low density lipoprotein, and not in chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein, as in the other groups.
Cetirizine may block transmigration of eosinophils at post-capillery venuies
Authors: W.Ch. Marsch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Cetirizine may block transmigration of eosinophils at post‐capillery venuies Get access W.Ch. Marsch W.Ch. Marsch Klinik und Pohklinikfiir Hautkrankheilen, Martin‐Luther‐Universitat Halle‐Wittenberg, Ernst‐Kromayer‐Str, 5/6, D‐06097 Halle (Saale), Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 3, 1 March 1994, Pages 401–403, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02943.x Published: 01 March 1994
THE MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AEROPLANE ACCIDENTS
Authors: H. G. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1918)

IN the early dlays of flying thiere w^ere lnecessarilymany.accidents, owing first to structural weaklnesses in thie aeroplanies and seconidly to the fact that thle pioneer pilots had to experienit an'd w.ere mosty unacquiainted with nany of the factors goveriniig at'.rial navigation.When nman began to teael manu, and a s improvemnents in the construction of -acroplanes ieleiasec, so accidents dimiinislhed in numiber proportiolnately -but, -on tlhe othier laind, many miiore took up flying, and thie total of acci- dents was incIreased.'Tlhe pie-w%var mnethods of teaclhing were slow and sure.and firs.tsolo 'Hights were made in.stages, and aLter prolonged tuiti[on, tli.s tendill almost to obviate accidents altogether.As the war advanced and the importance of aviation was recognized more pilots were needed and the imetlhods of teacling lhad to be accelerated; after a fe-w houirs' dual-cDntrol instruction, pupils -were sen6 off to do their first solo flights.Naturally many more accidents occurred, and as nowvadays tuition is on faster and more powerfuil aeroplanes,.so hiave tlle total number of accidents increased.Every accident teaclhes something new, and all slhould be investigated tlhorotuglhly, so that a preventable cause or error can be elimiiinated in the future.In this connexioni the reports of tlhe Public Safety and Accidents Ilnvestigation Comnmittee of the Royal Aero Club are very instru'ctive and slhould be studied.The total number of accidenits due to schlool work and experimenital flying is greatly augmn entecl by 'tlie number due to war flying, either the result of a&rial duels or anti- aircraft fire fromn the groundl.An atteimpt hias bee n-made to classify accidents at this station coveringc a period of six' mon'ths, an1d th3ese are referled to as the "V'" series.In a gen1eral rev;iew of accidents I have also drawni from fifteen mont1s' experience wh1ilst at another sch0ool, and th1ese are referred to as the " E " series.In. the " V " series durinig six mllouithis 4,000 hours' flyinig vere ;Kone, consisting of 9,000 Ilights, and d lritnt that timiie 58 aerol)lanes were wrecked or crashed.Th'lie stiggested definitiodn of a craslh is ani aeroplane so damagred in a flyilg accidenit that it lhas to be (leleted or sent into th-c -worR-shops for repair or iebuilding.Tlis is inI colntradilstinctioni to the effects of a bad landing or get off wlhere tlhe eisuing damage is smiiall and can be repaired 1by the lhiglit niecliani<s.Fiftv-ei;ht crashes ill 9,000 dialts represents one crash in vc erv 155 flights.In these 58 crashes 16 airmen were inijured, whicht is equiValent to 28 ilnju1ries in everv 100 crashles, or oile pupil i1)juri-ed in every 560 fliglts.From these figLires onie can see that school flying is fairly safe a-nd compares favourably, ith othler Iiigh velocity forms of tralnsit.
Hyponatraemia can be caused by standard fluid regimens
Authors: A. Durward
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The article by Bhalla et al highlighted the dangers from giving excessive hypotonic fluids to children at home.1 The striking omission from their article is that most perpetrators of this are members of the medical community. Hypotonic intravenous fluid continues to be given to hospitalised children on the basis of dogma laid down some 40 years ago, but which survives unchallenged today, even in the light of current understanding of …
QTc Interval Screening in Methadone Treatment
Authors: Mori J. Krantz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Description: An independent panel developed cardiac safety recommendations for physicians prescribing methadone. Methods: Expert panel members reviewed and discussed the following sources regarding methadone: pertinent English-language literature identified from MEDLINE and EMBASE searches (1966 to June 2008), national substance abuse guidelines from the United States and other countries, information from regulatory authorities, and physician awareness of adverse cardiac effects. Recommendation 1 (Disclosure): Clinicians should inform patients of arrhythmia risk when they prescribe methadone. Recommendation 2 (Clinical History): Clinicians should ask patients about any history of structural heart disease, arrhythmia, and syncope. Recommendation 3 (Screening): Obtain a pretreatment electrocardiogram for all patients to measure the QTc interval and a follow-up electrocardiogram within 30 days and annually. Additional electrocardiography is recommended if the methadone dosage exceeds 100 mg/d or if patients have unexplained syncope or seizures. Recommendation 4 (Risk Stratification): If the QTc interval is greater than 450 ms but less than 500 ms, discuss the potential risks and benefits with patients and monitor them more frequently. If the QTc interval exceeds 500 ms, consider discontinuing or reducing the methadone dose; eliminating contributing factors, such as drugs that promote hypokalemia; or using an alternative therapy. Recommendation 5 (Drug Interactions): Clinicians should be aware of interactions between methadone and other drugs that possess QT interval–prolonging properties or slow the elimination of methadone.
Aerosol granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: M. E. Wylam, R. Ten, U. B. S. Prakash, H. F. Nadrous, M. L. Clawson, P. M. Anderson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Recently, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) auto-antibodies have been found in many patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). The present study reports a retrospective case series of patients who used aerosolised GM-CSF in the treatment of idiopathic PAP. Between 1999 and 2003, 12 patients elected to receive aerosolised GM-CSF (250 µg b.i.d. every other week) in lieu of whole-lung lavage or observation. Patient characteristics, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, laboratory values and chest radiographs were extracted from the patient's medical records. Of the six patients tested, all had GM-CSF neutralising antibodies. Additionally, abnormalities in GM-CSF gene expression (one patient), receptor expression (two patients) and ability to upregulate adhesion molecules (one patient) were found. All patients except one had a positive response (mean improvements in arterial oxygen tension, alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung and forced vital capacity were 17.1 mmHg, 18.4 mmHg, 16.6% pred and 13.5% pred, respectively). Two patients made a complete recovery and were disease free 1 and 2 yrs after discontinuing treatment. Four patients showed complete response to both the initial course or when treated again for recurrence after discontinuation of treatment. One patient required dose escalation (500 µg b.i.d. ) with complete response. GM-CSF was well tolerated without late toxicity after median (range) follow-up of 30.5 (3–68) months. In conclusion, aerosolised granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is safe and effective in treating pulmonary alveolar proteinosis providing an alternative to whole-lung lavage or subcutaneous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Mcl-1, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-R2, and 14-3-3σ Expression Might Predict Primary Response against Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck
Authors: Boban M. Erovic, Martina Pelzmann, Matthäus Ch. Grasl, Johannes Pammer, Gabriela Kornek, Werner Brannath, Edgar Selzer, Dietmar Thurnher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

This study was done to explore whether the expression of a selected set of proteins could predict primary response to radiotherapy or concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.Forty-three pretreatment tumor biopsies were taken during diagnostic panendoscopy and examined for Mcl-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-R2, CD9, and 14-3-3sigma expression by immunohistochemistry. Forty-three patients underwent primary radiotherapy, of which, 29 patients received concomitant chemotherapy (low dose daily cisplatin, mitomycin C bolus). The primary end-point was locoregional tumor control 6 months after completion of radiotherapy. Mcl-1, VEGF-R2, CD9, and 14-3-3sigma expression were correlated with patients' primary response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and with established clinicopathologic variables.Thirty complete and 13 partial responses were observed in our patient group. High expression levels of Mcl-1 (P=0.021), VEGF-R2 (P=0.032), and 14-3-3sigma (P=0.013), but not of CD9, in tumor biopsies was correlated with complete response. Overexpression of at least two of the three aforementioned proteins in pretreatment biopsies predicted-with a likelihood of 80%-whether a patient would achieve complete response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, if only one of these proteins is overexpressed, there is a likelihood of 84.6% that this patient would not completely respond to therapy.Determining the expression levels of Mcl-1, VEGF-R2, and 14-3-3sigma may be helpful in predicting the early clinical response in head and neck tumor patients receiving primary radiotherapy and chemotherapy and may further allow a pretherapeutic selection of patients.
Allergen challenge in asthma: association of eosinophils and lymphocytes with interleukin‐5
Authors: S. Sur, G. J. Gleich, K. P. Offord, M. C. Swanson, T. Ohnishi, L. B. Martin, J. M. Wagner, D. A. Weiler, L. W. Hunt
Journal: Allergy (1995)

To test whether eosinophil recruitment after pulmonary allergen challenge is associated with interleukin (IL)‐5 in patients with asthma, we performed segmental bronchoprovocation (SBP) with saline, and with low and high dosages of ragweed extract in six patients with allergic asthma. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of the challenged segments was performed 5 min after challenge (immediate BAL fluid) and repeated 24 h later (late BAL fluid). Allergen challenge resulted in recruitment of eosinophils, and increased levels of eosinophil‐active cytokines. A bioassay showed the predominant eosinophil‐active cytokine in the late BAL fluids to be IL‐5. Analysis of the late BAL fluids revealed that IL‐5 levels correlated with the numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes. This study provides evidence that IL‐5 is a critical cytokine associated with eosinophil and lymphocyte recruitment into the airways of patients with asthma following exposure to allergen.
Anti-neutrophil antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and diagnostic role.
Authors: G Cambridge, D S Rampton, T R Stevens, D A McCarthy, M Kamm, B Leaker
Journal: Gut (1992)

Anti-neutrophil antibodies have been shown in sera from patients with a variety of inflammatory diseases. Those reacting with components of neutrophil cytoplasm are associated with systemic vasculitis. Both nuclear and perinuclear staining patterns on human neutrophils have been reported using sera from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We have evaluated the reactivity against human neutrophils of sera from 100 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 14 disease controls, and 20 normal volunteers. Altogether 27/50 (54%) sera from patients with ulcerative colitis contained antibodies that reacted with cytospun ethanol fixed neutrophils compared with 5/50 (10%) from Crohn's disease (p less than 0.001) and 0/34 control sera (p less than 0.001). All seven sera from patients with proctitis alone were negative (p less than 0.01). There was no correlation between presence or titre of anti-neutrophil antibodies and either disease activity or treatment. Positive sera gave three different staining patterns on human neutrophils. The predominant pattern was perinuclear (17/32); 12 sera gave a cytoplasmic and three a homogeneous nuclear staining pattern. None of the patients or the controls had antibodies to myeloperoxidase, elastase, or serine proteinase 3, all of which are recognised by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Only 2/27 sera positive by indirect immunofluorescence reacted with an extract of neutrophil primary granules. In conclusion, anti-neutrophil antibodies occur more commonly in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's disease or control subjects and the anti-neutrophil antibodies found in inflammatory bowel disease are different from those associated with vasculitis.
IκBα Overexpression Delays Tumor Formation in v-rel Transgenic Mice
Authors: Daniel Carrasco, Paloma Perez, Anne Lewin, Rodrigo Bravo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

We have previously shown that transgenic mice expressing the oncoprotein v-Rel under the control of a T cell-specific promoter develop T cell lymphomas. Tumor formation was correlated with the presence of p50/v-Rel and v-Rel/v-Rel nuclear kappaB-binding activity. Since experimental evidence has led to the suggestion of a potential tumor suppressor activity for IkappaBalpha, we have studied the role of IkappaBalpha in the transforming activity of v-Rel by overexpressing IkappaBalpha in v-rel transgenic mice. Overexpression of IkappaBalpha in v-rel transgenic mice resulted in an extended survival, and the development of cutaneous T cell lymphomas of CD8(+)CD4(-) phenotype. These phenotypic alterations were associated with a dramatic reduction of p50/v-Rel, but not v-Rel/v-Rel nuclear DNA binding activity and an increased expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Our results indicate that v-Rel homodimers are active in transformation and that the capacity of v-Rel-containing complexes to escape the inhibitory effect of IkappaBalpha may be a key element in its transforming capability.
THE PRECIPITIN REACTION BETWEEN TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS POLYSACCHARIDE AND HOMOLOGOUS ANTIBODY
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Forrest E. Kendall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

The precipitin reaction between the specific polysaccharide of Type III pneumococcus and homologous antibody formed in the horse can be accounted for quantitatively by assuming the chemical combination of the components in a bimolecular reaction, followed by a series of competing bimolecular reactions which depend upon the relative proportions of the components. These reactions would lead to the formation of larger and larger aggregates until precipitation ultimately occurred. The mathematical formulation of this theory on the basis of the mass law is described. The derived expressions are shown to be in accord with the experimental findings and the constants used in these expressions are shown to have definite significance. In spite of the wide variation in the properties of individual sera these expressions permit the complete description of the behavior of an unknown serum with S III without an unduly burdensome number of analyses. The quantitative theory presented has been found applicable to other instances of the precipitin reaction, as will be shown in subsequent papers.
Natural Killer (NK) Cell–mediated Cytotoxicity: Differential Use of TRAIL and Fas Ligand by Immature and Mature Primary Human NK Cells
Authors: Loris Zamai, Manzoor Ahmad, Ian M. Bennett, Livio Azzoni, Emad S. Alnemri, Bice Perussia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Mature natural killer (NK) cells use Ca2+-dependent granule exocytosis and release of cytotoxic proteins, Fas ligand (FasL), and membrane-bound or secreted cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) to induce target cell death. Fas belongs to the TNF receptor family of molecules, containing a conserved intracytoplasmic “death domain” that indirectly activates the caspase enzymatic cascade and ultimately apoptotic mechanisms in numerous cell types. Two additional members of this family, DR4 and DR5, transduce apoptotic signals upon binding soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) that, like FasL, belongs to the growing TNF family of molecules. Here, we report that TRAIL produced or expressed by different populations of primary human NK cells is functional, and represents a marker of differentiation or activation of these, and possibly other, cytotoxic leukocytes. During differentiation NK cells, sequentially and differentially, use distinct members of the TNF family or granule exocytosis to mediate target cell death. Phenotypically immature CD161+/CD56− NK cells mediate TRAIL-dependent but not FasL- or granule release–dependent cytotoxicity, whereas mature CD56+ NK cells mediate the latter two.
A puzzling tumour
Authors: Achmed Kamara, Simon Dubrey, Majdi Osman, John Mikel, Gerrard Phillips
Journal: Thorax (2012)

A puzzling tumour CASEA 58-year-old never-smoker man developed dyspnoea, cough, fevers, weight loss and tremulousness over 4 weeks.He had a brief history of asbestos exposure.Significant medical history included autosomal-dominant polycycstic kidney disease (APKD) and renal transplantation 7 years previously.He took mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus immune-suppressants.Examination revealed tachypnoea, a fine right arm tremor, bronchial breathing on the right and a superficial 132 cm non-fluctuant lump over the abdomen.Lymph nodes were impalpable.Screening blood tests showed values of c reactive protein 115 mg/l (NR <6.0), urea 25.8 mmol/l, creatinine 254 umol/l (post-transplant baseline 220e230) and tacrolimus 25.53µg/l (NR 5e10).Autoimmune profile was negative.PCR detected cytomegalovirus (CMV) levels at 31 338 copies/ml.Plain chest radiography showed right upper lobe consolidation (figure 1A).An abdominal ultrasound scan revealed a normal transplanted kidney.
Toward an integrated, causal, and psychological model of climato-economics
Authors: Steve Loughnan, Boyka Bratanova, Peter Kuppens
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Van de Vliert puts forward a model of how climate and economics interact to shape human needs, stresses, and freedoms. Although we applaud the construction of this model, we suggest that more needs to be done. Specifically, by adopting a multi-level and experimental approach, we can develop an integrated, causal, and psychological model of climato-economics.