tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Unique Inflammatory Footprints in the Lung: Important Implications for Nanoparticle Testing
Authors: Wan-Seob Cho, Rodger Duffin, Craig A. Poland, Sarah E.M. Howie, William MacNee, Mark Bradley, Ian L. Megson, Ken Donaldson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundMetal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in industry, cosmetics, and biomedicine.ObjectivesWe examined hazards of several well-characterized high production volume NPs because of increasing concern about occupational exposure via inhalation.MethodsA panel of well-characterized NPs [cerium oxide (CeO2NP), titanium dioxide (TiO2NP), carbon black (CBNP), silicon dioxide (SiO2NP), nickel oxide (NiONP), zinc oxide (ZnONP), copper oxide (CuONP), and amine-modified polystyrene beads] was instilled into lungs of rats. We evaluated the inflammation potencies of these NPs 24 hr and 4 weeks postinstillation. For NPs that caused significant inflammation at 24 hr, we then investigated the characteristics of the inflammation. All exposures were carried out at equal-surface-area doses.ResultsOnly CeO2NP, NiONP, ZnONP, and CuONP were inflammogenic to the lungs of rats at the high doses used. Strikingly, each of these induced a unique inflammatory footprint both acutely (24 hr) and chronically (4 weeks). Acutely, patterns of neutrophil and eosinophil infiltrates differed after CeO2NP, NiONP, ZnONP, and CuONP treatment. Chronic inflammatory responses also differed after 4 weeks, with neutrophilic, neutrophilic/lymphocytic, eosinophilic/fibrotic/granulomatous, and fibrotic/granulomatous inflammation being caused respectively by CeO2NP, NiONP, ZnONP, and CuONP.ConclusionDifferent types of inflammation imply different hazards in terms of pathology, risks, and risk severity. In vitro testing could not have differentiated these complex hazard outcomes, and this has important implications for the global strategy for NP hazard assessment. Our results demonstrate that NPs cannot be viewed as a single hazard entity and that risk assessment should be performed separately and with caution for different NPs.
Acquired acrodermaties enteropathica during chemotherapy For acute lymphocytic leukaemia in a child with Down syndrome
Authors: T. Sawai, H. Sugiura, K. Danno, M. Uchiyama, S. Ohta
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Acquired acrodermaties enteropathica during chemotherapy For acute lymphocytic leukaemia in a child with Down syndrome Get access T. Sawai, T. Sawai Department of Dermatology Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowacho, Seta, Otsu, 520‐21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Sugiura, H. Sugiura Department of Dermatology Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowacho, Seta, Otsu, 520‐21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Danno, K. Danno Department of Dermatology Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowacho, Seta, Otsu, 520‐21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Uchiyama, M. Uchiyama Department of Dermatology Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowacho, Seta, Otsu, 520‐21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Ohta S. Ohta Department of Paediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowacho, Seta, Otsu, 520‐21, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 4, 1 October 1996, Pages 659–660, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb03862.x Published: 01 October 1996
Differences in the mode of the extension of gastric cancer classified by histological type: new histological classification of gastric carcinoma.
Authors: N Goseki, T Takizawa, M Koike
Journal: Gut (1992)

By combining two of the morphological characteristics of gastric cancer, the degree of differentiation of the glandular tubules and the amount of mucus in the cytoplasm, the histological type of the gastric carcinoma was categorised into four groups. Group I: tubular differentiation--well; mucus in cytoplasm--poor; group II: tubular differentiation--well; mucus in cytoplasm--rich; group III: tubular differentiation--poor; mucus in cytoplasm--poor; group IV: tubular differentiation--poor; mucus in cytoplasm--rich. A study of the relation between the types of primary lesion and the mode of extension and recurrence of gastric carcinoma in 200 autopsy cases was then undertaken. In group I, the frequency and extent of haematogenous metastasis such as in the liver was high, while in group IV, that of lymph node metastasis, direct invasion into surrounding organ, and peritoneal dissemination were higher. In group III, which showed the intermediate mode of extension in nature to those of group I and IV, although the frequency and severity of the bone marrow metastasis was the highest. There were significant differences in the modes of development and the extent of infiltration in all groups.
1000 Triamcinolone acetonide nasal spray (T) vs loratadine tablets (L) vs T+L in patients with spring pollen allergic rhinoconjunctivitis(RC)
Authors: M GOLD, P SMALL, P PATEL, P HOULE, W YANG, J SCHULZ, W ARKINSTALL, A LAVOIE, J HEBERT, M DROUIN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Molecular and Functional Characterization of a Novel Cardiac-Specific Human Tropomyosin Isoform
Authors: Sudarsan Rajan, Ganapathy Jagatheesan, Chehade N. Karam, Marco L. Alves, Ilona Bodi, Arnold Schwartz, Christian F. Bulcao, Karen M. D'Souza, Shahab A. Akhter, Greg P. Boivin, Dipak K. Dube, Natalia Petrashevskaya, Andrew B. Herr, Roger Hullin, Stephen B. Liggett, Beata M. Wolska, R. John Solaro, David F. Wieczorek
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Tropomyosin (TM), an essential actin-binding protein, is central to the control of calcium-regulated striated muscle contraction. Although TPM1α (also called α-TM) is the predominant TM isoform in human hearts, the precise TM isoform composition remains unclear. Methods and Results— In this study, we quantified for the first time the levels of striated muscle TM isoforms in human heart, including a novel isoform called TPM1κ. By developing a TPM1κ-specific antibody, we found that the TPM1κ protein is expressed and incorporated into organized myofibrils in hearts and that its level is increased in human dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. To investigate the role of TPM1κ in sarcomeric function, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing cardiac-specific TPM1κ. Incorporation of increased levels of TPM1κ protein in myofilaments leads to dilated cardiomyopathy. Physiological alterations include decreased fractional shortening, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and decreased myofilament calcium sensitivity with no change in maximum developed tension. Additional biophysical studies demonstrate less structural stability and weaker actin-binding affinity of TPM1κ compared with TPM1α. Conclusions— This functional analysis of TPM1κ provides a possible mechanism for the consequences of the TM isoform switch observed in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure patients.
Rnd3 Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton Promotes Melanoma Migration and Invasive Outgrowth in Three Dimensions
Authors: R. Matthew Klein, Andrew E. Aplin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The depth of cell invasion into the dermis is a clinical determinant for poor prognosis in cutaneous melanoma. The signaling events that promote the switch from a noninvasive to invasive tumor phenotype remain obscure. Activating mutations in the serine/threonine kinase B-RAF are prevalent in melanoma. Mutant B-RAF is required for melanoma cell invasion. The expression of Rnd3, a Rho family GTPase, is regulated by mutant B-RAF, although its role in melanoma progression is unknown. In this study, we determined the functional contribution of Rnd3 to invasive melanoma. Endogenous Rnd3 was targeted for knockdown using a doxycycline-inducible short hairpin RNA system in invasive human melanoma cells. Depletion of Rnd3 promoted prominent actin stress fibers and enlarged focal adhesions. Mechanistically, stress fiber formation induced by Rnd3 knockdown required the specific involvement of RhoA and ROCK1/2 activity but not RhoB or RhoC. Rnd3 expression in human melanoma cell lines was strongly associated with elevated extracellular signal–regulated kinase phosphorylation and invasive behavior in a three-dimensional dermal-like environment. A functional role for Rnd3 was shown in the invasive outgrowth of melanoma tumor spheroids. Knockdown of Rnd3 reduced the invasive outgrowth of spheroids embedded in collagen gels. Additionally, Rnd3 depletion inhibited collective and border cell movement out from spheroids in a ROCK1/2-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings implicate Rnd3 as a major suppressor of RhoA-mediated actin cytoskeletal organization and in the acquisition of an invasive melanoma phenotype. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2224–33]
Association between Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and lung function in cystic fibrosis
Authors: C H Goss
Journal: Thorax (2004)

<b>Background:</b><i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> (SM) is a Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria cultured from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). To date, no information is available regarding the effect of this organism on lung function in CF. <b>Methods:</b> A cohort study was conducted to assess the effect of SM on lung function among CF patients aged ⩾6 years in the CF Foundation National Patient Registry from 1994 to 1999. Repeated measures regression was used to assess the association between SM and lung function. <b>Results:</b> The cohort consisted of 20 755 patients with median age at entry of 13.8 years and median follow up time of 3.8 years; 2739 patients (13%) were positive at least once for SM and 18 016 (87%) were never positive. After adjusting for sex, height and age, patients with SM had a mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second which was 0.09 l less (95% CI 0.05 to 0.14) than those without SM. The mean rate of decline associated with SM positivity was 0.025 l/year (95% CI 0.012 to 0.037) but, after adjusting for confounders (sex, height, weight, intravenous antibiotic courses, hospital admissions, pancreatic insufficiency, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> status), the mean rate of decline decreased to 0.008 l/year (−0.008, 95% CI −0.019 to 0.003). <b>Conclusions:</b> Although CF patients with SM have worse lung function at the time of positivity, no association was found between SM and increased rate of decline after controlling for confounders.
Pulmonary Vein Stenosis after Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Emergence of a New Clinical Syndrome
Authors: Eduardo B. Saad, Nassir F. Marrouche, Cynthia P. Saad, Edward Ha, Dianna Bash, Richard D. White, John Rhodes, Lourdes Prieto, David O. Martin, Walid I. Saliba, Robert A. Schweikert, Andrea Natale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Pulmonary vein isolation is a new, effective curative procedure for selected patients with atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary vein stenosis is a potential complication and may lead to symptoms that are often underrecognized.To describe the clinical course and symptoms associated with pulmonary vein stenosis developing after ablation in the pulmonary veins.Retrospective study.Tertiary care referral center.335 patients referred for catheter ablation of drug-refractory atrial fibrillation.Pulmonary vein electrical isolation using radiofrequency catheter ablation.Three months after ablation, patients underwent routine screening for pulmonary vein stenosis with spiral computed tomography. Screening was considered earlier if symptoms suggestive of stenosis developed and was repeated at 6 and 12 months if any pulmonary vein narrowing was observed. Pulmonary vein angiography and dilatation were offered to patients with severe (>70%) stenosis.Severe pulmonary vein stenosis was detected in 18 patients (5% [95% CI, 3.2% to 8.4%]) a mean (+/-SD) of 5.2 +/- 2.6 months after ablation. Eight of these 18 patients (44%) were asymptomatic, but 8 (44%) reported shortness of breath, 7 (39%) reported cough, and 5 (28%) reported hemoptysis. Radiologic abnormalities were present in 9 patients (50%) and led to diagnoses of pneumonia (4 patients), lung cancer (1 patient), and pulmonary embolism (2 patients). Pulmonary vein stenosis was not considered in any patient during the initial work-up. Dilatation of the affected vein was performed in 12 patients. Postintervention lung perfusion scans revealed significant improvement in lung flow.Severe pulmonary vein stenosis after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is associated with respiratory symptoms that frequently mimic more common diseases, often leading to erroneous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Awareness of this syndrome is important for proper and prompt management.
Lipoprotein(a) Serum Concentrations and Apolipoprotein(a) Phenotypes in Mild and Moderate Renal Failure
Authors: FLORIAN KRONENBERG, ERICH KUEN, EBERHARD RITZ, RALF JUNKER, PAUL KO[Combining Diaeresis]NIG, GU[Combining Diaeresis]NTER KRAATZ, KARL LHOTTA, JOHANNES F. E. MANN, GERHARD A. MU[Combining Diaeresis]LLER, ULRICH NEYER, WERNER RIEGEL, PETER RIEGLER, VEDAT SCHWENGER, ARNOLD VON ECKARDSTEIN
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. High lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) serum concentrations and the underlying apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) phenotypes are risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the general population as well as in patients with renal disease. Lp(a) concentrations are markedly elevated in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, nothing is known about the changes of Lp(a) depending on apo(a) size polymorphism in the earliest stages of renal impairment. In this study, GFR was measured by iohexol technique in 227 non-nephrotic patients with different degrees of renal impairment and was then correlated with Lp(a) serum concentrations stratified according to low (LMW) and high (HMW) molecular weight apo(a) phenotypes. Lp(a) increased significantly with decreasing GFR. Such an increase was dependent on apo(a) phenotype. Only renal patients with HMW apo(a) phenotypes expressed higher median Lp(a) concentrations, i.e. , 6.2 mg/dl at GFR &gt;90 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , 14.2 at GFR 45 to 90 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , and 18.0 mg/dl at GFR &lt;45 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 . These values were markedly different when compared with apo(a) phenotype-matched control subjects who had a median level of 4.4 mg/dl (ANOVA, linear relationship, P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, no significant differences were observed at different stages of renal function in patients with LMW apo(a) phenotypes when compared with phenotype-matched control subjects. The elevation of Lp(a) was independent of the type of primary renal disease and was not related to the concentration of C-reactive protein. Multiple linear regression analysis found that the apo(a) phenotype and GFR were significantly associated with Lp(a) levels. Non-nephrotic-range proteinuria modified the association between GFR and Lp(a) levels. In summary, an increase of Lp(a) concentrations, compared with apo(a) phenotype-matched control subjects, is seen in non-nephrotic patients with primary renal disease even in the earliest stage when GFR is not yet subnormal. This change is found only in subjects with HMW apo(a) phenotypes, however.
Lupus vulgaris confirmed by polymerase-chain reaction
Authors: M. STEIDL, U. NEUBERT, M. VOLKENANDT, R. CHATELAIN, K. DEGITZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We report a case of lupus vulgaris with typical clinical and histological findings. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was not only identified by a conventional culture technique, but also by a recently established system which has been designed to detect mycobacterial DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissue by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). Because results can be obtained within days, the PCR-based technique may markedly facilitate the diagnosis of skin tuberculosis.
Management of the Patient Who Has Been Resuscitated From Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: David J. Callans
Journal: Circulation (2002)

D is a 68-year-old man who had an anterior myocardial infarction 6 months ago.Evaluation at that time demonstrated an occluded left anterior descending artery, which was successfully stented with no other significant lesions.Left ventricular ejection fraction was 35%.He had no recurrent angina or heart failure symptoms.Early one morning he lost consciousness.Paramedics verified ventricular fibrillation (VF) and provided effective defibrillation within 5 minutes; spontaneous circulation returned before transfer to the hospital.
Lung clearance of soluble radioaerosols of different molecular weights in systemic sclerosis.
Authors: S K Chopra, G V Taplin, D P Tashkin, D Elam
Journal: Thorax (1979)

This paper presents a 13-year-old boy suffering from congenital bronchial atresia of the anterior and apicoposterior segments of the left upper lobe with corresponding emphysema, and emphysema with bronchial atresia in the anterobasal segment of the left lower lobe. The aetiology of congenital localized emphysema is not always clear. In the group with a demonstrable check-valve mechanism, which permits air to enter but not to leave the lung, there is either internal stenosis or external compression of the bronchus. The condition is called idiopathic if no cause can be identified, but in some of these cases microscopical examination has disclosed alveolar fibrosis which prevents the rigid alveoli from collapsing on expiration. In these cases the check-valve mechanism exists at an alveolar level. In the small group of rare cases of bronchial atresia, air which enters through a collateral ventilation cannot be expired by the same route, and in these cases there is likewise a check-valve mechanism at an alveolar level; this is associated with the occurrence of localized emphysema, characterized by the presence of normal bronchial ramifications which arise from a bronchial sac with a blind proximal ending. The bronchial atresia is believed to occur after the 15th week of intrauterine life, probably as a result of vascular insufficiency. A preoperative diagnosis is possible on the basis of a plain chest radiograph, which shows the localized emphysema as well as an abnormal hilus shadow representing the mucus-filled blind bronchial stump; the diagnosis can be established also by a bronchogram, which shows a filling defect in the affected part of the lung. Surgical treatment is indicated.
Fungal infection in renal transplant patients
Authors: Janet Mclelland, A.C. Cwj
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Fungal infection in renal transplant patients Get access Janet Mclelland, Janet Mclelland Dermatology Department, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London Wi2 oHS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.C. Cwj A.C. Cwj Dermatology Department, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London Wi2 oHS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 5, 1 May 1988, Page 734, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02587.x Published: 01 May 1988
TLR4 at the Crossroads of Nutrients, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Inflammation
Authors: Licio A. Velloso, Franco Folli, Mario J. Saad
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2015)

Abstract Obesity is accompanied by the activation of low-grade inflammatory activity in metabolically relevant tissues. Studies have shown that obesity-associated insulin resistance results from the inflammatory targeting and inhibition of key proteins of the insulin-signaling pathway. At least three apparently distinct mechanisms–endoplasmic reticulum stress, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation, and changes in gut microbiota–have been identified as triggers of obesity-associated metabolic inflammation; thus, they are expected to represent potential targets for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Here, we review the data that place TLR4 in the center of the events that connect the consumption of dietary fats with metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Changes in the gut microbiota can lead to reduced integrity of the intestinal barrier, leading to increased leakage of lipopolysaccharides and fatty acids, which can act upon TLR4 to activate systemic inflammation. Fatty acids can also trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress, which can be further stimulated by cross talk with active TLR4. Thus, the current data support a connection among the three main triggers of metabolic inflammation, and TLR4 emerges as a link among all of these mechanisms.
Complement-dependent Clearance of Apoptotic Cells by Human Macrophages
Authors: Dror Mevorach, John O. Mascarenhas, Debra Gershov, Keith B. Elkon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Apoptotic cells are rapidly engulfed by phagocytes, but the receptors and ligands responsible for this phenomenon are incompletely characterized. Previously described receptors on blood- derived macrophages have been characterized in the absence of serum and show a relatively low uptake of apoptotic cells. Addition of serum to the phagocytosis assays increased the uptake of apoptotic cells by more than threefold. The serum factors responsible for enhanced uptake were identified as complement components that required activation of both the classical pathway and alternative pathway amplification loop. Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the apoptotic cell surface was partially responsible for complement activation and resulted in coating the apoptotic cell surface with C3bi. In the presence of serum, the macrophage receptors for C3bi, CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18), were significantly more efficient in the uptake of apoptotic cells compared with previously described receptors implicated in clearance. Complement activation is likely to be required for efficient uptake of apoptotic cells within the systemic circulation, and early component deficiencies could predispose to systemic autoimmunity by enhanced exposure to and/or aberrant deposition of apoptotic cells.