tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anaesthesia in the Newborn
Authors: G. J. Rees
Journal: BMJ (1950)

INTRAMUSCULAR HEPARINMEDIBAJm!HNAL 1419 rate.Even after twelve hours the delay of clotting is still adequate when judged by the criterion previously stated.The problem of long-term anticoagulant therapy with intramuscular heparin was also studied in the same way.Fig. 3 shows the dosage of heparin and the delay in clot- ting times in one patient over a period of four days.An initial dose of 37,500 units of heparin was given intramuscularly, followed by injections of 25,000 units (1 ml. of solution) twelve-hourly.The delay of clotting was satisfactory CLOTTING S DELAY (m;ues ) *, 4...
Proportion of patients in south London with first-episode psychosis attributable to use of high potency cannabis: a case-control study
Authors: Marta Di Forti, Arianna Marconi, Elena Carra, Sara Fraietta, Antonella Trotta, Matteo Bonomo, Francesca Bianconi, Poonam Gardner-Sood, Jennifer O'Connor, Manuela Russo, Simona A Stilo, Tiago Reis Marques, Valeria Mondelli, Paola Dazzan, Carmine Pariante, Anthony S David, Fiona Gaughran, Zerrin Atakan, Conrad Iyegbe, John Powell, Craig Morgan, Michael Lynskey, Robin M Murray
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2015)

The risk of individuals having adverse effects from drug use (eg, alcohol) generally depends on the frequency of use and potency of the drug used. We aimed to investigate how frequent use of skunk-like (high-potency) cannabis in south London affected the association between cannabis and psychotic disorders.
Severe hypoglycemia after initiation of anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy with etanercept in a patient with generalized pustular psoriasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Carlos G. Wambier, Maria C. Foss-Freitas, Renato S. Paschoal, Marilia V. Tomazini, João C. Simão, Milton C. Foss, Norma T. Foss
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
Role of phosphorylation of Thr residue of phospholamban in mechanical recovery during hypercapnic acidosis
Authors: C MUNDINAWEILENMANN, P FERRERO, M SAID, L VITTONE, E KRANIAS, A MATTIAZZI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

To assess the time course of phosphorylation of phospholamban residues, the underlying mechanisms determining these phosphorylations, and their functional impact on the mechanical recovery during acidosis.Langendorff perfused rat hearts were submitted to 30 min of hypercapnic acidosis. Contractility, relaxation, and phosphorylation of phospholamban residues, immunodetected by specific antibodies, were determined.Acidosis produced a mechanical impairment followed by a spontaneous recovery, most of which occurred within the first 3 min of acidosis (early recovery). During this period, contractility and relaxation recovered by 67+/-9% and 77+/-11%, respectively, from its maximal depression, together with an increase in the Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent phosphorylation of Thr(17). The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93, at 1, 5 and 10 microM, decreased Thr(17) phosphorylation to basal levels and produced a similar impairment of the early relaxation recovery (50%). However, only 5 and 10 microM KN-93 inhibited the early contractile recovery and completely blunted the late mechanical recovery. Inhibition of the reverse mode of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger by KB-R7943 decreased Thr(17) phosphorylation but accelerated the early contractile recovery.CaMKII-dependent Thr(17) phosphorylation significantly increased at the beginning of acidosis, is responsible for 50% of the early relaxation recovery, and is linked to the activation of the reverse Na(+)/Ca(2+) mode. The early contractile recovery and the late mechanical recovery are dependent on CaMKII but independent of the phosphorylation of the Thr(17) residue of phospholamban. The reverse Na(+)/Ca(2+) mode has an additional negative effect that opposes the early mechanical recovery.
Micronutrients, Birth Weight, and Survival
Authors: Parul Christian
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2010)

Maternal micronutrient requirements during pregnancy increase to meet the physiologic changes in gestation and fetal demands for growth and development. Maternal micronutrient deficiencies are high and coexist in many settings, likely influencing birth and newborn outcomes. The only recommendation for pregnancy currently exists for iron and folic acid use. Evidence is convincing that maternal iron supplementation will improve birth weight and perhaps gestational length. In one randomized trial, iron supplementation during pregnancy reduced child mortality in the offspring compared with the control group. Few other single micronutrients given antenatally, including vitamin A, zinc, and folic acid, have been systematically shown to confer such a benefit. A meta-analysis of 12 trials of multiple micronutrient supplementation compared with iron-folic acid reveals an overall 11% reduction in low birth weight but no effect on preterm birth and perinatal or neonatal survival. Currently, data are unconvincing for replacing supplementation of antenatal iron-folic acid with multiple micronutrients.
Coordinated localisation of mucins and trefoil peptides in the ulcer associated cell lineage and the gastrointestinal mucosa
Authors: R J Longman
Journal: Gut (2000)

Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides and the chromosome 11p15.5 mucin glycoproteins are expressed and secreted in a site specific fashion along the length of the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence for coexpression of mucins and trefoil peptides has been suggested in numerous gastrointestinal mucosal pathologies. The ulcer associated cell lineage (UACL) occurs at sites of chronic ulceration in Crohn's disease, expresses all three trefoil peptides, and is implicated in mucosal restitution. We tested the hypothesis that individual trefoil peptides are uniquely localised with specific mucins in the UACL and normal gastrointestinal epithelia.Expression of mucin genes in the UACL from small bowel tissue of patients with Crohn's disease was detected by in situ hybridisation, and localisation of the products by immunohistochemistry. Colocalisation of mucins and trefoil peptides was demonstrated by immunofluorescent colabelling in UACL and normal gastrointestinal epithelia.MUC5AC and TFF1 were colocalised in distal ductular and surface elements of the UACL and in foveolar cells of the stomach, whereas MUC6 and TFF2 were colocalised to acinar and proximal ductular structures in the UACL, in the fundus and deep antral glands of the stomach, and in Brunner's glands of the duodenum. MUC5B was found sporadically throughout the UACL and gastric body. MUC2 was absent from the UACL, Brunner's glands, and stomach. MUC2 and TFF3 were colocalised throughout the large and small bowel mucosa.The UACL has a unique profile of mucin gene expression. Coordinated localisation of trefoil peptides and mucins in UACL and normal gastrointestinal epithelia suggests they may assist each others' functions in protection and repair of gastrointestinal mucosa.
Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Reactive With a Subset of Human Breast Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;, &lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Dorothy Yuan, Fred J. Hendler, Ellen S. Vitetta
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Fusion of spleen cells, from mice immunized against the human hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1, with murine myeloma cells resulted in the establishment of a hybridoma cell line, HY59-H10 (H59). The purified monoclonal IgM produced by the hybridoma reacts with the most differentiated human breast tumor cell lines but not with cells derived from normal breast secretions or with numerous other malignant cell lines. Of 106 biopsy specimens examined, H59 bound to 54% of malignant breast specimens, to 83% of fibroadenomas, and to 82% of specimens containing fibrocystic disease.
Obesity Blunts Microvascular Recruitment in Human Forearm Muscle After a Mixed Meal
Authors: Michelle A. Keske, Lucy H. Clerk, Wendie J. Price, Linda A. Jahn, Eugene J. Barrett
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Ingestion of a mixed meal recruits flow to muscle capillaries and increases total forearm blood flow in healthy young lean people. We examined whether these vascular responses are blunted by obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We fed eight middle-aged lean and eight obese overnight-fasted volunteers a liquid mixed meal (480 kcal). Plasma glucose and insulin were measured every 30 min, and brachial artery flow and muscle microvascular recruitment (contrast ultrasound) were assessed every 60 min over 2 h after the meal. RESULTS By 30 min, plasma glucose rose in both the lean (5.1 ± 0.1 vs. 6.7 ± 0.4 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and the obese groups (5.4 ± 0.2 vs. 6.7 ± 0.4 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Plasma insulin rose (28 ± 4 vs. 241 ± 30 pmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.05) by 30 min in the lean group and remained elevated for 2 h. The obese group had higher fasting plasma insulin levels (65 ± 8 pmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and a greater postmeal area under the insulin-time curve (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Brachial artery flow was increased at 120 min after the meal in the lean group (38 ± 6 vs. 83 ± 16 ml/min, P &amp;lt; 0.05) but not in the obese group. Muscle microvascular blood volume rose by 120 min in the lean group (14.4 ± 2.2 vs. 24.4 ± 4.2 units, P &amp;lt; 0.05) but not in the obese group. CONCLUSIONS A mixed meal recruits muscle microvasculature in lean subjects, and this effect is blunted by obesity. This impaired vascular recruitment lessens the endothelial surface available and may thereby impair postprandial glucose disposal.
Measurement of IgE Antibodies to Peanut Component Proteins Distinguishes Clinical Peanut Allergy from Asymptomatic Sensitization
Authors: X. Hong, D.M. Caruso, J.S. Birne, J.L. Schanta, R. Kumar, X. Liu, J.A. Pongracic, X. Wang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Waiting times for tests show sharp rises since targets were relaxed
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A sharp rise in the number of people waiting for crucial diagnostic tests since NHS targets were relaxed last summer has been shown in new government figures.

The number of people waiting more than six weeks for diagnostic tests in England rose by 63% between June and November of last year from 3510 people to 5737.

The figures from NHS commissioners look at numbers of people waiting for one of 15 tests including magnetic resonance image scans, ultrasounds, computed tomograms, colonoscopies, barium enemas, and echocardiograms.

Experts say this may show the start of a growing trend in waiting times, but the figures overall are a small proportion of people treated by the …
P-glycoprotein Binding and Modulation of the Multidrug-Resistant Phenotype by Estramustine
Authors: L. A. Speicher, L. R. Barone, A. E. Chapman, G. R. Hudes, N. Laing, C. D. Smith, K. D. Tew
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Previous preclinical studies of combinations of estramustine and vinblastine or paclitaxel (Taxol) have shown that it is possible to achieve a greater than additive cytotoxicity with these antimicrotubule drug combinations. Phase II studies in hormone-re-fractory prostate cancer have demonstrated clinical antitumor activity of sufficient magnitude to stimulate further laboratory and clinical studies of these drug combinations. Purpose : Our purpose was to characterize the interactions of estramustine with P-glycoprotein and to determine its effects. Methods : Standard laboratory techniques were used to study the effects of estramustine on intracellular drug concentrations, cytotoxicity, and induction of messenger RNA (mRNA) for the MDR1 (also known as PGY1) gene. Using a photoaffinity analogue of estramustine 17–0-[[2-[3-(4-azido-3-[ 125 I]-iodophenyl)propionamido]ethyl]-carbamyl]estradiol-3-N-bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamate ([ 125 I]AIPP-estramustine), binding to the membrane proteins of human ovarian (SKOV3) and their multidrug-resistant counterpart SKVLB1 cells was studied. Southern-blot analysis was performed on DNA extracted from human prostate carcinoma wild-type DU145, estramustine-resistant cell line (E4), and SKVLB1 cells. Results : Membrane fractions from SKOV3 and SKVLB1 cells were analyzed for proteins that could be photoaffinity labeled with [ 125 I]AIPP-estramustine. Competitive inhibition of this binding was achieved with excess concentrations of (in order of efficacy) estramustine, vinblastine, verapamil, progesterone, and, to a lesser degree, by paclitaxel but not with estramustine phosphate, estradiol, and estriol. SKVLB1 cells accumulated much less [ 3 H]vinblastine and [ 3 H]paclitaxel than did SKOV3 cells. Estramustine caused a concentration-dependent enhancement of drug accumulation in the SKVLB1 cells to a maximum of approximately 12-fold. No effect of estramustine was apparent for the wild-type SKOV3 cells. In comparison with verapamil, estramustine was less effective as a modulator; however, estramustine demonstrated good chemosensitizing activity in combination with actinomycin D and vinblastine. Neither short-term, low-dose nor longer-term, higher concentrations were found to produce measurable transcript (mRNA for the MDR1 gene) levels. Such data suggest that, at least for two distinct human cell lines (SKOV3 and DU145), estramustine does not induce the overexpression of the MDR1 gene. Conclusion : It is apparent from the P-glycoprotein data that estramustine interacts with this efflux pump, altering intracellular drug accumulation. Overall, the nonempiric basis for including estramustine in clinical protocols that contain other multidrug-resistant drugs is strengthened by the present data. [J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 688–694, 1994]
<i>In vivo</i>confocal laser scanning microscopy in the diagnosis of melanocytic skin tumours
Authors: A. Gerger, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, H. Samonigg, J. Smolle
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article In vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in the diagnosis of melanocytic skin tumours Get access A. Gerger, A. Gerger Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, *Department of Dermatology and †Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Correspondence: Armin Gerger. E‐mail: armin.gerger@klinikum‐graz.at Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Hofmann‐Wellenhof, R. Hofmann‐Wellenhof Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, *Department of Dermatology and †Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Samonigg, H. Samonigg Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, *Department of Dermatology and †Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Smolle J. Smolle Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, *Department of Dermatology and †Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 3, 1 March 2009, Pages 475–481, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08995.x Published: 01 March 2009
Changes in barrier function of a model intestinal epithelium by intraepithelial lymphocytes require new protein synthesis by epithelial cells.
Authors: C T Taylor, A Murphy, D Kelleher, A W Baird
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Elements of the mucosal immune system may play an important part in regulating epithelial barrier function in the intestinal tract. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) represent a subtype of immunocyte which is strategically placed to regulate epithelial function at most mucosal sites. AIMS AND METHODS: An IEL derived cell line (SC1) was used to examine its effects on the model epithelium T84--a tumour derived cell line which retains the phenotype of colonic crypt cells. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was used as a marker of epithelial integrity. RESULTS: Coculture of T84 cells with SC1 produced a significant fall in TER as did exposure of T84 monolayers to IEL derived supernatant. Recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN gamma) also reduced TER in T84 monolayers. Cycloheximide prevented the effects of IEL supernatant and of rIFN gamma on TER. The fall in TER in response to rIFN gamma was attenuated by blocking antibodies, which did not alter the fall in resistance induced by IEL supernatant. Fractions of IEL supernatant, separated on the basis of size, evoked temporally distinct changes in TER. Ultrastructural studies support the hypothesis that the slow onset but severe fall in TER indicates catastrophic effects on the monolayer. The more rapid onset fall in TER was not associated with gross changes in monolayer morphology. Reduction of TER by IEL supernatant was not influenced by inhibitors of tyrosine phosphatase or of protein kinase C. Although herbimycin did reduce the rapid onset change in TER, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein did not alter responses to IEL supernatant. CONCLUSIONS: Mucosal T cells may influence barrier function by a process involving new protein synthesis by epithelial cells. This model may have relevance in some inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.
P109 <b>Circulating MMP Activity and Lung Remodelling in LAM</b>
Authors: JL Cane, WY Chang, R Gallagher, V Gontu, M Kumaran, SR Johnson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

LAM is characterised by the progressive accumulation of lung cysts. It is possible increased proteolysis causes extra-cellular matrix breakdown leading to cyst formation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in the lungs and serum of patients with LAM and can break down the extracellular matrix. Here we examined MMP expression and activity patients with LAM and healthy women and related MMP activity to extent and activity of lung disease. 59 patients with LAM and 32 healthy controls were recruited. Ethical approval was obtained and all gave informed consent. Serum was collected in separator tubes and processed within 30 minutes, urine was centrifuged at 4°c and all samples were stored in aliquots at –80°c. MMP-2 and –9 were measured by ELISA and gelatin zymography. Urine results were normalised against creatinine concentration prior to analysis. Lung function data was obtained from clinical records. Cyst volume was measured on a Philips MX8000 IDT 16 slice spiral CT scanner using density mask software on a Philips Healthcare Q19.5 Extended Brilliance<sup>TM</sup> Workspace. The trachea and large airways were excluded, cysts were defined as having a threshold density of &lt;-900 Hounsfield units and cyst volume expressed as a percentage of total lung volume. Rate of decline for FEV<sub>1</sub> was estimated from symptom detection to current lung function. Data were analysed using non parametric Mann-Whitney U tests and linear regression. Total serum MMP-2 (p&lt;0.01), total MMP-9 (p&lt;0.001) and active MMP-9 (p&lt;0.05) assessed by zymography were greater in patients than controls. Urine MMP-9 did not differ. Total serum MMP-2 was associated with preserved FEV<sub>1</sub> (p&lt;0.01, r<sup>2</sup>= 0.040). Cyst volume was correlated with reduction in FEV<sub>1</sub> and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio but not with any MMP measurement. Median FEV<sub>1</sub> decline was 108.5ml/year (range 0–840): no measurement of MMP expression or activity was correlated with rate of decline. Total and active MMP-9 were raised in serum from LAM patients but were not associated with clinical course. Surprisingly, higher serum MMP-2 was associated with preserved lung function. It is not clear if circulating MMP levels reflect the situation in the lung and further analysis of MMPs as a therapeutic target for LAM is required.
Effect of two new antisecretory drugs on fluid and electrolyte transport in a patient with secretory diarrhoea.
Authors: C Edwards, P A Cann, N W Read, C D Holdsworth
Journal: Gut (1986)

The effect of oral lidamidine hydrochloride and subcutaneous long acting somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995, on stool output and salt and water transport in the small intestine was investigated in a patient with gross secretory diarrhoea caused by a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) secreting tumour in the liver. Transport in the jejunum and ileum were assessed by steady state perfusion techniques. Under basal conditions, the patient was absorbing fluid and electrolytes from the jejunum and ileum, but at rates that were abnormally low. Lidamidine had no effect on either intestinal transport or stool frequency and output. SMS 201-995 increased intestinal absorption in the jejunum and ileum, reduced plasma VIP concentrations, daily stool frequency and weight, and enabled the patient to resume a normal diet without oral or intravenous fluid and electrolyte supplements. After two months of treatment, medical control was becoming increasingly difficult and stool output had risen again to 2 litres per day. Surgical resection, fortunately, was possible and led to resolution of symptoms and normal plasma VIP concentrations.
The Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter-2 Induces Apoptosis and Decreases Glioma Growth <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: John F. de Groot, Ta Jen Liu, Gregory Fuller, W.K. Alfred Yung
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Accumulating evidence suggests that glutamate plays a key role in the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma tumors. Astrocytic tumors have been shown to release glutamate at high levels, which may stimulate tumor cell proliferation and motility via activation of glutamate receptors. Excess glutamate has also been found to facilitate tumor invasion by causing excitotoxic damage to normal brain thereby paving a pathway for tumor migration. Results from tissue microarray analyses showed decreased excitatory amino acid transporter-2 (EAAT-2) expression in high-grade glial tumors compared with low-grade astrocytomas and normal brain. EAAT-2 expression was inversely correlated with tumor grade, implicating its potential role in glial tumor progression, which was reflected by an undetectable level of EAAT-2 protein in glioma cell lines. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of reconstituted EAAT-2 on glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. Infection of glioma cells with Ad-EAAT-2 resulted in a physiologic level of functional EAAT-2, and a subsequent dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation in all glioma cell lines tested compared with controls. Interestingly, results from analyses of Annexin V staining, detection of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase cleavage and caspase-3 activation all indicated that Ad-EAAT-2 infection elicited apoptosis in glioma cells. Ex vivo experiments in nude mice showed a total suppression of tumor growth at sites that received Ad-EAAT-2-infected cells. Collectively, our results uncovered a new function of EAAT-2 in controlling glioma proliferation. Further studies will improve our knowledge of the role of glutamate in glioma growth and may provide useful prognostic information and alternative therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioma.
Directed Migration of Cortical Interneurons Depends on the Cell-Autonomous Action of Sip1
Authors: Veronique van den Berghe, Elke Stappers, Bram Vandesande, Jordane Dimidschstein, Roel Kroes, Annick Francis, Andrea Conidi, Flore Lesage, Ruben Dries, Silvia Cazzola, Geert Berx, Nicoletta Kessaris, Pierre Vanderhaeghen, Wilfred van IJcken, Frank G. Grosveld, Steven Goossens, Jody J. Haigh, Gord Fishell, André Goffinet, Stein Aerts, Danny Huylebroeck, Eve Seuntjens
Journal: Neuron (2013)