tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic removal of a fractured nasojejunal tube in the duodenum
Authors: Ajay Vardaan, Arshad Ahmad, Devendra Singh, Ravi Misra
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 40-year-old man, with no significant history of past illness, presented to our emergency department with classic features of perforation peritonitis. Exploratory laparotomy showed duodenal perforation, which was closed with an omental patch. Before suturing the perforation, however, a nasojejunal tube was inserted for feeding. The postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was allowed oral feeding 1 week later. After 2 weeks, the nasojejunal tube was removed with some difficulty with its distal part missing. Abdominal radiography showed the distal end of the nasojejunal tube retained inside the intestine ([Fig. 1]). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed narrowing of the D1–D2 junction with the proximal end of the fractured part of the nasojejunal tube lying just beyond the junction. We tried to grasp this end of the fractured tube with punch biopsy forceps but failed. We then decided to use a polypectomy snare to grasp the proximal end and the fractured tube was removed successfully ([Fig. 2] and [Video 1]).
DETERMINANTS OF VASCULAR INFLAMMATION BY 18-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE PET/MRI: FINDINGS FROM THE PSORIASIS, ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CARDIOMETABOLIC DISEASE INITIATIVE
Authors: Nehal N. Mehta, Mohammad Tarek Kabbany, Mark Ahlman, Justin Rodante, Joseph Lerman, Tsion Aberra, Joanna Silverman, Tarek Aridi, Asha Dahiya, David Bluemke, Martin Playford, Aditya Joshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
PTU-154 Investigation of the optimal duration of the glucose hydrogen methane breath test
Authors: E Grace, K Thomas, S Gupta, A Lalji, K Whelan, C Shaw, J Andreyev
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Historically, the glucose hydrogen breath test has been popular for diagnosing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Lately the glucose hydrogen methane breath test has become available. It is non-invasive and simple to carry out. This test is used as a part of standard clinical practice in patients suspected of having SIBO in our hospital. There are limited published data on the optimal test duration, with 3 h being the longest reported. This study aimed to determine if there is a significant difference in the number of patients who would be considered positive for SIBO depending on test duration. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients in whom the gastroenterologist suspected SIBO underwent a breath test performed by endoscopy nurses using the QuinTron BreathTracker DP Digitial Microlyzer that measures hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) concentrations in parts per million (ppm). Pre-test preparation included avoiding slowly absorbed carbohydrates, fibre and large meals and limiting dairy intake and carbonated drinks for 24 h, a 12 h fast and avoiding exercise and cigarette smoking for 2 h. Breath H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations were noted at baseline. Subjects then consumed 75 g (or 50 g if weight was &lt;50 kg) in 100 ml of water. Thereafter, breath H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> values were recorded every 20 min for 3 h (or less if positive). Positive test was defined as fasting H<sub>2</sub> ≥20 or CH<sub>4</sub> ≥10 ppm or a rise in H<sub>2</sub> ≥12 or CH<sub>4</sub> ≥6 ppm. <h3>Results</h3> 98 males and 95 females, median age 63 years (range 28–86) underwent a breath test. Of these, 67 (35%) had a positive result for one or both gases: 18 (32%) at baseline, 39 (60%) by 40 min, 56 (84%) by 100 min, 60 (90%) by 140 min, 67 (100%) by 160 min. 126 patients had negative breath tests; n=75 had the test performed for a full 3 h, 26 (20%) had the test performed for 100 min only. In patients where the test was performed for 3 h the 95% CI for a false negative result at 100 min is 0.003 to 0.10. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Most patients with SIBO will have a positive result by 100 min. This suggests that a reduction in the duration of the test can be achieved without compromising the number of true positives being diagnosed with SIBO. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
No prolonged effect of Ankaferd Blood Stopper on chronic radiation proctitis
Authors: E. Ozaslan, T. Purnak, G. Özyigit, F. Akyol, A. Yildiz, I. Haznedaroglu
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a Turkish folk-medicine herbal extract which forms a hemostatic web on bleeding areas by inducing erythrocyte aggregation [1]. We previously reported the first case of successful ABS usage in severe radiation colitis [2]. In this observational study, a total of eight patients with bleeding due to chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) were treated with endoscopic ABS application as a primary therapy. The lesions were severe in all cases according to Wachter’s classification [3]. ABS was instilled onto the bleeding areas by sclerotherapy needle or heater probe catheter, once a week, at a dose of 20 – 30 ml per session. ABS-induced hemostasis lasted for 1 – 8 days per session, and was achieved in seven of eight cases ([Fig. 1]).
Psoas Muscle Abscess Causing Fever of Unknown Origin: The Value of Tc-99m (V) DMS Imaging
Authors: BI-FANG LEE, CHUNG-JEN CHEN, CHAO-CHING YANG, HSIN-SU YU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Tc-99m (V) DMS, a tumor-seeking agent, incidentally demonstrated the psoas muscle abscess in a 34-year-old woman who had systemic lupus erythematosus. This case illustrates the value of Tc-99m (V) DMS imaging in the diagnosis and management of such patients. Further studies with a large group of patients is necessary to verify this preliminary result.
Flexible pH‐Sensing Hydrogel Fibers for Epidermal Applications
Authors: Ali Tamayol, Mohsen Akbari, Yael Zilberman, Mattia Comotto, Emal Lesha, Ludovic Serex, Sara Bagherifard, Yu Chen, Guoqing Fu, Shideh Kabiri Ameri, Weitong Ruan, Eric L. Miller, Mehmet R. Dokmeci, Sameer Sonkusale, Ali Khademhosseini
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Epidermal pH is an indication of the skin's physiological condition. For example, pH of wound can be correlated to angiogenesis, protease activity, bacterial infection, etc. Chronic nonhealing wounds are known to have an elevated alkaline environment, while healing process occurs more readily in an acidic environment. Thus, dermal patches capable of continuous pH measurement can be used as point‐of‐care systems for monitoring skin disorder and the wound healing process. Here, pH‐responsive hydrogel fibers are presented that can be used for long‐term monitoring of epidermal wound condition. pH‐responsive dyes are loaded into mesoporous microparticles and incorporated into hydrogel fibers using a microfluidic spinning system. The fabricated pH‐responsive microfibers are flexible and can create conformal contact with skin. The response of pH‐sensitive fibers with different compositions and thicknesses are characterized. The suggested technique is scalable and can be used to fabricate hydrogel‐based wound dressings with clinically relevant dimensions. Images of the pH‐sensing fibers during real‐time pH measurement can be captured with a smart phone camera for convenient readout on‐site. Through image processing, a quantitative pH map of the hydrogel fibers and the underlying tissue can be extracted. The developed skin dressing can act as a point‐of‐care device for monitoring the wound healing process.
IS VASCULAR RESPONSE TO STATIN THERAPY DIFFERENT BETWEEN GENDERS? AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Jiannan Dai, Jingbo Hou, Lei Xing, Yoshiyasu Minami, Takumi Higuma, Lijia Ma, Xuefeng Ren, Shaosong Zhang, Hang Lee, Bo Yu, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Mental effort and fatigue as consequences of monotony
Authors: Pavel N. Prudkov
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Kurzban et al. associate mental effort and fatigue with a hypothetical mechanism able to estimate the utilities of possible actions and then select the action with a maximal utility. However, this approach faces fundamental problems. In my opinion, mental effort and fatigue are results of a conflict between the monotony of long-term activities and the novelty-processing systems.
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) findings in patients with severe chronic pancreatitis (CP): can we predict the presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)?
Authors: J Iglesias-Garcia, J Lariño-Noia, M Vilariño-Insua, M Sobrino-Faya, JE Dominguez-Muñoz
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background: Functional evaluation of the exocrine pancreas is hindered by invasiveness and/or methodological difficulties. The development of EUS has provided with highly accurate images of both pancreatic ductal system and parenchyma. We hypothesize that either the number of EUS criteria of CP and/or some specific EUS findings may provide with information regarding the probability of suffering from EPI. Aim: To analyze the probability of EPI depending on the total number and individual EUS criteria in patients diagnosed of severe chronic pancreatitis by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) according to Cambridge classification. Methods: 37 consecutive patients (mean age 44 years, range 27–86 years, 30 male and 7 female) with severe chronic pancreatitis according to ERCP and/or MRCP findings were prospectively included in the study. In all cases, EUS was performed under conscious sedation by the lineal scanning Pentax FG-38UX echoendoscope, by a single operator who was aware of the clinical history but blinded to ERP and MRCP results. The presence of EPI was evaluated by 13C-mixed triglyceride breath test and faecal fat quantification (near-infrared analysis of 3 consecutive 24h-stool samples). EPI was defined as a global cumulative 13CO2 recovery below 57% and more than 7.5 gr/day of fat in feces. The different ten criteria accepted for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis by EUS were evaluated. Data are shown as median (95% CI) and compared by the U-Mann-Whitney test for unpaired data. Results: 19 patients (51.3%) suffered from EPI. Patients with EPI show a higher number of parenchymal (p
P3-10-02: Gene Expression Changes in Methylnitrosourea (MNU)-Induced ER+ Mammary Cancers Following Short-Term Treatment of Rats with the Aromatase Inhibitor Vorozole.
Authors: RA Lubet, CJ Grubbs, A Bode, M You, Y Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aromatase inhibitors have proven to be highly effective in both therapy and prevention of ER+ breast cancer. Vorozole (R83842), a high affinity competitive inhibitor of aromatase (similar to letrozole and anastrozole) showed strong activity in early clinical trials against ER+ breast cancer. Furthermore, vorozole was highly effective in the prevention and therapy of ER+ cancers in the MNU-mammary cancer model (Lubet, et al., Carcinogenesis 19, 1345, 1998). In the present study, rats bearing mammary cancers induced by MNU were exposed to vorozole (1.25 mg/kg BW/day) for 5 days. Global gene expression analysis showed that 162 genes were down-regulated and 180 genes up-regulated in cancers treated with vorozole (p &amp;lt; 0.05 and fold change &amp;gt; 1.5). The genes modulated by vorozole were compared with two additional sets of data. First, thirty-two genes and a number of pathways exhibited significantly concordant changes with aromatase inhibitors both in the animal model and in at least three of four published human data sets. In particular, differentially expressed genes enriched in the cell cycle pathway that were related to chromosome condensation in prometaphase [including Aurora-A, Aurora-B, Bub1B, non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit H (BRRN1), Condensin, CAP-G, CAP-G/G2, CAP-H/H2, CAP-D2/D3, CAP-E, TOP2, Cyclin A, Cyclin B, CDK1, Histone H1 and inner centromere protein (INCENP)] were downregulated after treatment with the aromatase inhibitor. These results appear to be in agreement with the strong anti-proliferative effects of aromatase inhibitors in both animal and clinical studies. A second comparison was with an in vitro study in which estrogen was removed from MCF-7 cells in culture. Decreases in genes related to the E2F1 transcription factor were observed. In our study, 13 modulated genes exhibited E2F-1 binding sites in their promoter regions, and 7 genes contained both ER binding and E2F binding sites. We were able to confirm modulation of the cell cycle related and E2F-related genes in a large independent set of human samples treated with anastrozole. The results on RNA changes for Bub 1B, Cyclin A and CDK-1 were verified by employing IHC analysis. In summary, gene changes observed in the rat closely paralleled gene changes associated with aromatase treatment and estrogen withdrawal in humans. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-02.
Abstract 2267: Inhibition of extracellular sulfatase 2 as a possible mechanism to partially explain the anticancer activity of the nitrone OKN007
Authors: Hema K. Chandru, Rheal A. Towner, Robert A. Floyd
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Sulfatase 2 (Sulf2) is an extracellular enzyme that has endosulfatase activity and catalyzes the removal of 6-O-sulfate groups on glucosamine from subregions of the glycosaminoglycans heparin sulfate. The action of Sulf2 has been shown to alter the binding of protein ligands to heparin which is involved in the binding of growth factors such as VEGF, FGF-2 and TGF to cellular receptors. Studies in experimental models have shown that fully active Sulf2 is important in the development of breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. Several tumors have been shown to be enriched in Sulf2 in comparison to the normal tissues where its level is either absent or present at very low levels. Sulf2 acts as a potentiator for the Wnt signaling and this is considered important in cancer stem cell growth. We have shown that PBN (alpha-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone) has anti-cancer activity in three experimental models, A) the choline deficiency induced liver cancer model, B) the APCmin model of colon cancer and C) the rat C6 glioma model. We have also shown that 2,4-disulfonyl-alpha-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (OKN007) has potent anti-cancer activity in the rat C6 glioma model. We considered based on the presence of phenyl sulfonyl groups that the nitrone 2,4-disulfonyl-alpha-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (OKN007) may act as a competitive inhibitor of Sulf2. We have found that Sulf2 is secreted into the media of Sulf2 transfected Hek-293 cells as well as several cancer cells, including from the highest to lower levels; MCF-7 breast cancer cells, Hek-293 cells, C6 glioma cells and BxPc-3 pancreatic cancer cells. Utilizing the concentrated media of these cells we have shown that Sulf2 has aryl sulfatase activity against the sulfate ester of 4-methylumbelliferone. We have shown that phenyl sulfonyl compounds suppress Sulf2 activity in an apparent competitive action. For instance, we found that the polysulfonated compound suramin potently suppressed the Sulf2 aryl sulfatase activity and that 2,4-disulfonylphenyl-tert-butylnitrone inhibited Sulf2 activity but less so than suramin. Utilizing concentrated extracellular media of several human cancer cell lines we have shown that Sulf2 activity is decreased by incubation with H2O2. Our results suggest that the anti-cancer activity of OKN007 may in part be explained by its inhibitory action against Sulf1. Research to test this concept is now underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2267.
Abstract P2-10-30: Expression of lipid metabolism genes in contralateral unaffected breast associated with estrogen receptor status of breast cancer
Authors: J Wang, D Scholtens, M Holko, D Ivancic, O Lee, H Hu, RT Chatterton, SA Khan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Risk biomarkers that are specific to ER subtypes of breast cancer would help developing distinct prevention strategies. The contralateral unaffected breast of women with unilateral breast is a good model for defining subtype specific risk as women with ER− primary tumor are at high risk for subsequent ER− tumor in contralateral breast. Methods: We performed random fine needle aspiration of unaffected breast of cases. RNA samples from 30 subjects (15 ER+ and 15 ER−) were used for Ilumina expression array analysis. Findings were validated by qRT-PCR using independent sample set consisted of 36 subjects (12 ER+, 12 ER−, and 12 standard risk healthy controls). Results: Gene array studies identified 18 genes with significant higher expression in ER− case samples, 8 of which were associated with lipid metabolism. This pattern was confirmed by qRT-PCR in the same samples and in the 24 cases of validation set. When compared to the healthy controls, significant over-expression of 4 genes (DHRS2, HMGCS2, HPGD, ACSL3) was observed in ER− cases, with significant lower expression of UGT2B11 and APOD in ER+ cases, and decreased expression of UGT2B7 in both subtypes. Conclusion: Differential expression of lipid metabolism genes my be involved in the risk for subtypes of breast cancer, which might be potential biomarkers of ER specific breast cancer risk. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-30.
Abstract P5-10-24: A Pragmatic Review of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens in Early-Stage Breast Cancer — Hematologic Toxicities Experienced in a Single Institution
Authors: M Tran, CE Simmons, R Haq, CB. Brezden
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Chemotherapy-related toxicities are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures. Three newer common adjuvant chemotherapy regimens - 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide plus docetaxel (FEC-D), docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide (TC), and docetaxel, carboplatin plus trastuzumab (TCH) - have emerged as promising therapies. The toxicities experienced with these chemotherapeutic regimens were reviewed in a clinical practice setting outside of clinical trial. Patients and Methods: Patients (pts) with early-stage breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (FEC-D; TC; TCH) at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, Canada, between August 2006 and May 2010 were identified. Charts were audited for the presence of neutropenia (defined asabsolute neutrophil count (ANC) &amp;lt; 1.0x109/L), use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN; defined as a single oral temperature ≥38.3 0Celsius, or oral temperature ≥38.0 0C lasting over 1 hour, with an ANC &amp;lt; 1.0x109/L). Results: Overall, 175 pts were reviewed in this study. The rate of neutropenia, FN, and use of primary prophylaxis with G-CSF are summarized in the table below for each regimen. Thirty pts on FEC-D (25.2%) experienced significant complications resulting in dose delay, dose reduction, and discontinuation of chemotherapy, as did 9.1% of pts on TC, and 27.3% of pts on TCH. There was one death associated with FEC-D while on G-CSF. Conclusion: Our institution reports FN rates higher than originally reported in all three chemotherapy regimens with a greater hematologic toxicity profile with FEC-D. Further investigation with larger patient cohorts is warranted, to determine if there is a need for primary prophylaxis with G-CSF in patients receiving FEC-D, TC, and TCH. Table 1: Outcomes associated with FEC-D, TC, and TCH chemotherapy regimens Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-10-24.
INCREMENTAL BENEFIT OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE OVER TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS FOR ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN ASIAN POPULATION FROM KOICA REGISTRY (KOREA INITIATIVES ON CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION: MULTICENTER REGISTRY)
Authors: Dong Hee Han, Ji Hyun Yoon, Kwang Joon Kim, Min-kyoung Kim, Su Yeon Choi, Ji-Dong Sung, Hyuk-Jae Chang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
A Comparison of Omeprazole with Ranitidine for Ulcers Associated with Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Authors: Neville D. Yeomans, Zsolt Tulassay, László Juhász, István Rácz, John M. Howard, Christoffel J. van Rensburg, Anthony J. Swannell, Christopher J. Hawkey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Suppressing acid secretion is thought to reduce the risk of ulcers associated with regular use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but the best means of accomplishing this is uncertain.
RECIDIVA TARDÍA DE LAS ESTENOSIS ANASTOMÓTICAS EN PACIENTES TRASPLANTADOS HEPÁTICOS (EA-TOH) TRAS RESPUESTA INICIAL A PRÓTESIS METÁLICA CUBIERTA (PMC)
Authors: L Sancho del Val, R Ruiz-Zorrilla, F García-Pajares, S Lorenzo-Pelayo, C Almohalla, S Gómez de la Cuesta, G Sánchez-Antolín, C De la Serna-Higuera, A Caro-Patón, M Pérez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introducción: El tratamiento endoscópico con prótesis plásticas (PP) es menos eficaz en las EA-TOH. Las PMC parecen aumentar la tasa de resolución, pero se desconoce el riesgo de recidiva tardía.
Endoscopy clips for treatment of complicated gastric and esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Carlos Robles-Medranda, Raquel Valle, Hannah Lukashok, Carlos Robles-Jara
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

We describe the feasibility and outcomes of endoclipping in the treatment of complicated variceal bleeding (four gastric and two esophageal) in six cirrhotic patients (mean age 62.33, range 36 – 82), by performing a mechanical closure of the variceal wall rupture. In all patients, previous endoscopic treatments had been performed in other centers and failure to control bleeding was observed in accordance with BAVENO V definitions and criteria [1]. Hemodynamic stabilization was performed, and intravenous treatments with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K at 30 mg/d, octreotide (bolus of 50 µg followed by 25 µg/h), albumin, antibiotic, and proton pump inhibitor (40 mg/d) were administered. After approval by the ethics committee of our institution and completion of written informed consents, the procedures were carried out using a standard endoscope (EG-2990i HD, Pentax, Japan) and endoclips (EZ-clip Olympus, Japan) ([Fig. 1]; [Video 1] and [Video 2]). The technique was successful in all cases and no acute complication or rebleeding was observed in the follow-up period (mean 15 months). The patients were discharged from the critical care unit after 24 hours, and discharged from hospital 72 hours later.
Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in Amyloidosis
Authors: TATSUYA KAWASAKI, HIROKI SUGIHARA, KENZO SAKAMOTO, TERUYUKI YAMAMOTO, TAKAHISA SAWADA, AKIHIRO AZUMA, MASAO NAKAGAWA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

KAWASAKI, TATSUYA M.D.; SUGIHARA, HIROKI M.D.; SAKAMOTO, KENZO M.D.; YAMAMOTO, TERUYUKI M.D.; SAWADA, TAKAHISA M.D.; AZUMA, AKIHIRO M.D., AND; NAKAGAWA, MASAO M.D. Author Information