tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A New Form of Endoscope
Authors: R. A. Warwick
Journal: BMJ (1867)

CAugust I7, I847.separation of the radial epiphysis was easily made, and was confirmed by the p5ost mortoim examination.There was no fracture of the ulna upon either side.Time will not permit of my entering more at length into this import- ant subject, and, at all events, I have had very little experience indeed of the occurrence of epiphysary disjunction in any of the other large joints except as the result of disease.I cannot, however, omit to men- tion an instructive paper, published by my friend Mr. Canton in the Dublin Medical Yournial for I86i, in which he treats of separation of the lower epiphysis of the femur, and details two cases in which, to save life, he had recourse to the operation of excision of the knee-joint.
Systemic chemotherapy with or without cetuximab in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastasis: the New EPOC randomised controlled trial
Authors: John Primrose, Stephen Falk, Meg Finch-Jones, Juan Valle, Derek O'Reilly, Ajith Siriwardena, Joanne Hornbuckle, Mark Peterson, Myrddin Rees, Tim Iveson, Tamas Hickish, Rachel Butler, Louise Stanton, Elizabeth Dixon, Louisa Little, Megan Bowers, Siân Pugh, O James Garden, David Cunningham, Tim Maughan, John Bridgewater
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Stereotactic iodine-125 brachytherapy for the treatment of WHO grades II and III gliomas located in the central sulcus region
Authors: M. I. Ruge, P. Kickingereder, S. Grau, F. Dorn, N. Galldiks, H. Treuer, V. Sturm
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Resection of gliomas located in eloquent brain areas remains a neurosurgical challenge. The reported incidence of transient or permanent neurological deficits after microsurgery in eloquent brain ranges 20%–100%, or 0%–47% among contemporary neurosurgical series. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of stereotactic brachytherapy (SBT) as a local treatment alternative to microsurgical resection for patients with gliomas in highly eloquent areas, located in the central sulcus region (CSR). Between 1997 and 2010, 60 patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grades II and III gliomas located in the CSR were treated with SBT (iodine-125 seeds; cumulative therapeutic dose, 50–65 Gy). Following SBT, WHO grade III glioma patients additionally received percutaneous radiotherapy (median boost dose, 25.2 Gy). We evaluated procedure-related complications, clinical outcome, and progression-free survival. Procedure-related mortality was zero. Within 30 days of SBT, 3 patients (5%) had transient neurological deficits, and 8 patients (13%) had temporarily increased seizure activity. One patient (1.6%) deteriorated permanently. Space-occupying cysts (6 patients) and radiation necrosis (1 patient) developed after a median of 38 months and required surgical intervention. Seizure activity, rated 12 months following SBT, decreased in 82% of patients (Engel classes I–III). Median progression-free survivals were 62.2 ± 19.7 months (grade II gliomas) and 26.1 ± 17.9 months (grade III gliomas). Compared with microsurgical resection, SBT harbors a low risk of procedural complications, is minimally invasive, and seems to be an effective local treatment option for patients with inoperable, eloquent WHO grade II and III gliomas in the CSR. However, the value of SBT for treating gliomas still needs to be determined in prospective, randomized studies.
Side effects of antituberculous treatment
Authors: A De Maria, M Berardi, P Dignetti, L Ferrera, L Viassolo, G W Canonica
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Multidrug resistant tuberculosisWe read with interest the report by White and Moore-Gillon 1 on the resource implications of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the UK.We studied the outcome of 44 HIV negative patients with MDR-TB admitted to two tertiary care tuberculosis units in the Netherlands between 1985 and 1998. 2 3 Most (38 patients) had pulmonary tuberculosis.The mean admission period was 164 days and all patients received an individually tailored combination of antituberculosis drugs for a mean period of 608 days.We estimated the cost of treatment per patient to be US$60 000 which included admission fee, costs for outpatient visits, and the costs of drug provision.Although we did not include cost of toxicity monitoring and additional procedures, our costs compare favourably with those of White et al 1 (mean £60 000) and Mahmoudi 4 (mean US$180 000).In the Netherlands the number of patients with tuberculosis resistant to any antituberculous drugs is limited to 11%, and only 0.6% of the bacilli are MDR.Between 1993 and 1997 only 43 cases of MDR-TB were identified, of which 28% had received previous treatment for tuberculosis (Index Tuberculosis 1998, Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association, The Hague, 2000).This suggests that transmission of MDR bacilli rather than inadequate treatment contributes to the resistance problem in the Netherlands.In poor resource countries, directly observed short course chemotherapy of tuberculosis is generally recommended to prevent the occurrence of MDR-TB.We feel that new rapid molecular methods for detecting resistance should be developed to limit the period of potential (nosocomial and community) transmission of MDR bacilli and thus prevent the emergence of MDR-TB.Such tests should then be made available to poor resource countries at an aVordable price.
Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): Early single centre Irish experience
Authors: Peter Barry, Lorna Murphy, Majella Tuohy, Eoin Judge, Jim Egan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction

Pirfenidone is an orally bio-available synthetic molecule, which has recently been approved for the treatment of mild to moderate IPF in Europe. It regulates the activity of TGF- β and TNF- α in vitro. Open label pirfenidone prescription commenced in June 2011 in the Republic of Ireland. We report the early experience of a single centre with pirfenidone.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of those patients who were prescribed pirfenidone. We analysed baseline demographics, symptoms and pulmonary function. Comparisons between groups were conducted using paired t-testing.

Results

26 patients (20 male) received the medication. 22 patients remain on the medication. 1 patient died due to an exacerbation of IPF with 3 others discontinuing the medication secondary to side effects. 15 (58%) of patients have reached target dose of medication. 7 subjects continue to take pirfenidone at a reduced dose. 14 participants reported side effects potentially related to pirfenidone. The most commonly reported side effect was fatigue followed by gastro-intestinal disturbance and photo-sensitivity. An increase (< 2 fold) in transaminases was noted in 1 patient. Patients who experienced side effects or required dose reduction were on average older but this did not reach statistical significance. Amongst subjects who had repeated pulmonary function testing (n=14), there was no significant decline in TLCO or FVC between baseline and follow up.

Conclusion

Pirfenidone is a novel agent for the treatment of limited IPF. The side effect profile in an Irish population appears consistent with recent published data. Further follow up is required to establish efficacy in an Irish population.
Randomized Feeding Intervention in Infants at High Risk for Celiac Disease
Authors: S. L. Vriezinga, R. Auricchio, E. Bravi, G. Castillejo, A. Chmielewska, P. Crespo Escobar, S. Kolaček, S. Koletzko, I. R. Korponay-Szabo, E. Mummert, I. Polanco, H. Putter, C. Ribes-Koninckx, R. Shamir, H. Szajewska, K. Werkstetter, L. Greco, J. Gyimesi, C. Hartman, C. Hogen Esch, E. Hopman, Anneli Ivarsson, T. Koltai, F. Koning, E. Martinez-Ojinaga, C. te Marvelde, A. Mocic Pavic, J. Romanos, E. Stoopman, V. Villanacci, C. Wijmenga, R. Troncone, M. L. Mearin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A window of opportunity has been suggested for reducing the risk of celiac disease by introducing gluten to infants at 4 to 6 months of age.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans: Evidence for Independent Origins of Chlorarachniophyte and Euglenid Secondary Endosymbionts
Authors: Matthew B. Rogers, Paul R. Gilson, Vanessa Su, Geoffrey I. McFadden, Patrick J. Keeling
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Chlorarachniophytes are amoeboflagellate cercozoans that acquired a plastid by secondary endosymbiosis. Chlorarachniophytes are the last major group of algae for which there is no completely sequenced plastid genome. Here we describe the 69.2-kbp chloroplast genome of the model chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans. The genome is highly reduced in size compared with plastids of other photosynthetic algae and is closer in size to genomes of several nonphotosynthetic plastids. Unlike nonphotosynthetic plastids, however, the B. natans chloroplast genome has not sustained a massive loss of genes, and it retains nearly all of the functional photosynthesis-related genes represented in the genomes of other green algae. Instead, the genome is highly compacted and gene dense. The genes are organized with a strong strand bias, and several unusual rearrangements and inversions also characterize the genome; notably, an inversion in the small-subunit rRNA gene, a translocation of 3 genes in the major ribosomal protein operon, and the fragmentation of the cluster encoding the large photosystem proteins PsaA and PsaB. The chloroplast endosymbiont is known to be a green alga, but its evolutionary origin and relationship to other primary and secondary green plastids has been much debated. A recent hypothesis proposes that the endosymbionts of chlorarachniophytes and euglenids share a common origin (the Cabozoa hypothesis). We inferred phylogenies using individual and concatenated gene sequences for all genes in the genome. Concatenated gene phylogenies show a relationship between the B. natans plastid and the ulvophyte–trebouxiophyte–chlorophyte clade of green algae to the exclusion of Euglena. The B. natans plastid is thus not closely related to that of Euglena, which suggests that plastids originated independently in these 2 groups and the Cabozoa hypothesis is false.
Liver Transplantation Today
Authors: J P Roberts, C Forsmark, J R Lake, N L Ascher
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1989)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in the abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation of patients with essential hypertension.
Authors: J A Panza, P R Casino, C M Kilcoyne, A A Quyyumi
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Patients with essential hypertension have abnormal endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Because the endothelium exerts its action on the vascular smooth muscle through the release of several substances, it is important to identify which of these factors is involved in the abnormal response of hypertensive arteries.To investigate the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in this abnormality, we studied the vascular effect of the arginine analogue NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of the endothelial synthesis of nitric oxide, under baseline conditions and during infusion of acetylcholine, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside, a direct smooth muscle dilator. The study included 11 hypertensive patients (seven men; age, 46.5 +/- 9 years) and 10 normal control subjects (seven men; age, 45.7 +/- 7 years). Drugs were infused into the brachial artery, and the response of the forearm vasculature was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Basal blood flow was similar in normal control subjects and hypertensive patients (2.97 +/- 0.7 versus 2.86 +/- 1.1 mL.min-1.100 mL-1, respectively). NG-monomethyl-L-arginine produced a significantly greater decrease in blood flow in control subjects than in patients (1.08 +/- 0.6 versus 0.32 +/- 0.4 mL.min-1.100 mL-1; p < 0.004). The vasodilator response to acetylcholine was reduced in patients compared with control subjects (maximum flow, 8.2 +/- 4 versus 16.4 +/- 8 mL.min-1.100 mL-1; p < 0.001). NG-monomethyl-L-arginine blunted the vasodilator response to acetylcholine in control subjects (maximum flow decreased from 16.4 +/- 8 to 7.01 +/- 3 mL.min-1.100 mL-1; p < 0.004); however, the arginine analogue did not significantly alter the response to acetylcholine in hypertensive patients (maximum flow, 8.2 +/- 4 versus 8.01 +/- 5 mL.min-1.100 mL-1). NG-monomethyl-L-arginine did not modify the vasodilator response to sodium nitroprusside in either control subjects or patients.These findings indicate that patients with essential hypertension have a defect in the endothelium-derived nitric oxide system that may at least partly account for both the increased vascular resistance under basal conditions and the impaired response to endothelium-dependent vasodilators.
Two-Year Angiographic and Intravascular Ultrasound Follow-Up After Implantation of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents in Human Coronary Arteries
Authors: J. Eduardo Sousa, Marco A. Costa, Amanda G.M.R. Sousa, Alexandre C. Abizaid, Ana C. Seixas, Andrea S. Abizaid, Fausto Feres, Luiz A. Mattos, Robert Falotico, Judith Jaeger, Jeffrey J. Popma, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The safety and efficacy of sirolimus-eluting stenting have been demonstrated, but the outcome of patients treated with this novel technology beyond the first year remains unknown. We sought to evaluate the angiographic, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and clinical outcomes of patients treated with sirolimus-eluting stents 2 years after implantation.This study included 30 patients treated with sirolimus-eluting Bx Velocity stenting (slow release [SR], n=15, and fast release [FR], n=15) in São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-eight patients underwent 2-year angiographic and IVUS follow-up. No deaths occurred during the study period. In-stent late loss was slightly greater in the FR group (0.28+/-0.4 mm) than in the SR group (-0.09+/-0.23 mm, P=0.007). No patient had in-stent restenosis. At 2-year follow-up, only 1 patient (FR group) had a 52% diameter stenosis within the lesion segment, which required repeat revascularization. The target-vessel revascularization rate for the entire cohort was 10% (3/30) at 2 years. All other patients had < or =35% diameter stenosis. Angiographic lumen loss at the stent edges was also minimal (in-lesion late loss was 0.33+/-0.42 mm [FR] and 0.13+/-0.29 mm [SR]). In-stent neointimal hyperplasia volume, as detected by IVUS, remained minimal after 2 years (FR= 9.90+/-9 mm3 and SR=10.35+/-9.3 mm3).This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of sirolimus-eluting Bx Velocity stents 2 years after implantation in humans. In-stent lumen dimensions remained essentially unchanged at 2-year follow-up in the 2 groups, although angiographic lumen loss was slightly higher in the FR group. Restenosis "catch-up" was not found in our patient population.
Ciclosporin improves quality of life in Kimura?s disease
Authors: M. Vourc?h, S. Barbarot, J.-F. Stalder
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Ciclosporin improves quality of life in Kimura's disease Get access M. Vourc'h, M. Vourc'h Clinique Dermatologique, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France E‐mail: mvourch@yahoo.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Barbarot, S. Barbarot Clinique Dermatologique, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.‐F. Stalder J.‐F. Stalder Clinique Dermatologique, CHU Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 2, 1 August 2007, Pages 420–421, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08044.x Published: 01 August 2007
Scheduling of Radiation with Angiogenesis Inhibitors Anginex and Avastin Improves Therapeutic Outcome via Vessel Normalization
Authors: Ruud P.M. Dings, Melissa Loren, Hanke Heun, Elizabeth McNiel, Arjan W. Griffioen, Kevin H. Mayo, Robert J. Griffin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To test whether a direct antiangiogenic peptide (anginex) and a vascular endothelial growth factor antibody (bevacizumab, Avastin) can transiently normalize vasculature within tumors to improve oxygen delivery, alleviate hypoxia, and increase the effect of radiation therapy. Experimental Design: Tumor oxygenation levels, microvessel density and pericyte coverage were monitored in three different solid tumor models (xenograft human ovarian carcinoma MA148, murine melanoma B16F10, and murine breast carcinoma SCK) in mice. Multiple treatment schedules were tested in these models to assess the influence on the effect of radiation therapy. Results: In all three tumor models, we found that tumor oxygenation levels, monitored daily in real time, were increased during the first 4 days of treatment with both anginex and bevacizumab. From treatment day 5 onward, tumor oxygenation in treated mice decreased significantly to below that in control mice. This “tumor oxygenation window” occurred in all three tumor models varying in origin and growth rate. Moreover, during the treatment period, tumor microvessel density decreased and pericyte coverage of vessels increased, supporting the idea of vessel normalization. We also found that the transient modulation of tumor physiology caused by either antiangiogenic therapy improved the effect of radiation treatment. Tumor growth delay was enhanced when single dose or fractionated radiotherapy was initiated within the tumor oxygenation window as compared with other treatment schedules. Conclusions: The results are of immediate translational importance because the clinical benefits of bevacizumab therapy might be increased by more precise treatment scheduling to ensure radiation is given during periods of peak radiosensitivity. The oxygen elevation in tumors by non–growth factor–mediated peptide anginex suggests that vessel normalization might be a general phenomenon of agents directed at disrupting the tumor vasculature by a variety of mechanisms.
The Continuing Search for Meaning
Authors: ROY K. GRINKER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Benjamin Rush, an early psychiatric reformer and innovator, was characterized by contradictions in thinking and behavior that point to a dualistic form of thinking. Using Rush as a prototype, the author defines unitary thinking, which considers that both parts and whole are constantly changing but are regulated by a general organization. The American process leading from dissociated, dualistic thinking toward unitary concepts is in a temporary phase of violence. The author suggests that psychiatrists and social scientists should appropriately lead the way toward unified thinking, out of which our search for meaning may be furthered.
Effect of Unplanned Extubation on Outcome of Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: SCOTT K. EPSTEIN, MICHAEL L. NEVINS, JASON CHUNG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Unplanned extubation is a major complication of translaryngeal intubation, but its impact on mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and need for ongoing hospital care has not been adequately defined. We performed a case-control study in a tertiary-care medical ICU, comparing 75 patients with unplanned extubation and 150 controls matched for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, presence of comorbid conditions, age, indication for MV, and sex. Forty-two (56%) patients required reintubation after unplanned extubation (74% immediately, 86% within 12 h). Thirty-three (44%) unplanned extubations occurred during weaning trials, and 30% of these patients needed reintubation (failed unplanned extubation). In contrast, 76% of patients with unplanned extubation occurring during ventilatory support required reintubation. Although mortality was similar to that of controls (failed unplanned extubation 40%, versus control 31%, p > 0.2), patients with failed unplanned extubation had a significantly longer duration of MV (19 versus 11 d, p < 0.01), longer stay in the ICU (21 versus 14 d, p < 0.05), and longer hospital stay (30 versus 21 d, p < 0.01), and survivors were more likely to require chronic care (64% versus 24%, p < 0.001). Successfully tolerated unplanned extubation was associated with a reduction in time from beginning of weaning to extubation (0.9 versus 2.0 d, p = 0.06), but with no difference in overall duration of MV, mortality, discharge location, ICU, or hospital stay as compared with these measures for controls. We conclude that unplanned extubation is not associated with increased mortality when compared with that of matched controls, although it does result in prolonged MV, longer ICU and hospital stay, and increased need for chronic care. These effects are due exclusively to patients who fail to tolerate unplanned extubation. Although successfully tolerated unplanned extubation decreased the duration of weaning trials, it had no other measurable beneficial impact on outcome.
Risk of Second Malignancy After Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A British Cohort Study
Authors: Nadejda Y. Mudie, Anthony J. Swerdlow, Craig D. Higgins, Paul Smith, Zongkai Qiao, Barry W. Hancock, Peter J. Hoskin, David C. Linch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

To assess long-term site-specific risks of second malignancy following non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in relation to treatment and demographic factors.A cohort of 2,456 patients with NHL who were first treated from 1973 to 2000 and were younger than 60 years from centers in the British National Lymphoma Investigation were observed, and occurrences of second malignancy was compared with expectations based on general population cancer rates in England and Wales.In total, 123 second malignancies occurred. Relative risks (RRs) were significantly elevated for all malignancies combined (RR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6) and for leukemia (RR = 8.8; 95% CI, 5.1 to 14.1) and lung cancer (RR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3). RRs of malignancy overall diminished significantly with increasing age at first treatment. Leukemia risk was significantly increased after chemotherapy (RR = 10.5; 95% CI, 5.0 to 19.3) and mixed-modality treatment (RR = 13.0; 95% CI, 5.2 to 26.7). Relative risks of lung (RR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.1) and colorectal (RR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.6) cancers were significantly raised following chemotherapy.NHL patients are at elevated risk of developing second malignancy, particularly leukemia and lung cancer. The relative risk is greater with patients who are younger at first treatment. Chemotherapy predisposes patients toan increased risk of leukemia, and possibly lung and colorectal cancers. The role of specific drug treatments in the etiology of solid cancers after NHL deserves further investigation.
Chylothorax and tuberculosis.
Authors: M C Vennera, R Moreno, J Cot, A Marin, J Sanchez-Lloret, C Picado, A Agusti-Vidal
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Chylothorax occurs when chyle, characterised by high triglyceride and low cholesterol concentrations, is found in the pleural space.It is an uncommon clinical entity, first recognised about 70 years ago and caused most frequently by chest trauma.We describe a case of chylothorax caused by pulmonary, pleural, and glandular tuberculosis-a very rare cause indeed.