tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Glucosamine on Serum HDL Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein AI Levels in People With Diabetes
Authors: Stewart G. Albert, Rachel Fishman Oiknine, Shant Parseghian, Arshag D. Mooradian, Michael J. Haas, Timothy McPherson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Dietary and nutritional supplements are modulators of HDL cholesterol levels and production of apolipoprotein (apo) AI. Previously, in vitro treatment of hepatocyte cell lines with glucosamine increased apoAI production by stabilization of apoAI mRNA. The hypothesis is that the neutraceutical glucosamine, when given in conventional doses (1,500 mg/day) may increase apoAI and HDL cholesterol levels in subjects with diabetes and low HDL cholesterol.Twelve subjects (three men and nine women) with type 1 (n = 2) and type 2 (n = 10) diabetes, aged 55 +/- 12 years (mean +/- SD), who had low HDL cholesterol (1.03 +/- 0.20 mmol/l), were randomly assigned to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of 500 mg glucosamine or placebo orally three times daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout phase and a 2-week cross-over to the alternate therapy.Fasting serum glucose, fructosamine, and total cholesterol remained stable during the drug and placebo phases. Glucosamine had no significant effect after therapy on serum levels of HDL cholesterol (from baseline of 1.02 +/- 0.15 to 1.05 +/- 0.16 mmol/l compared with placebo from 1.04 +/- 0.21 to 1.06 +/- 0.16 mmol/l) nor in changes in apoAI levels (from baseline of 147 +/- 15 to 140 +/- 126 mg/dl with glucosamine and from 146 +/- 25 to 142 +/- 17 mg/dl with placebo).These observations suggest that glucosamine at commonly consumed doses does not have significant effects on glycemic control, lipid profile, or levels of apoAI in diabetic subjects after 2 weeks of supplementation.
Tissue regeneration in vivo within recombinant spidroin 1 scaffolds
Authors: Mikhail M. Moisenovich, Olga Pustovalova, Julia Shackelford, Tamara V. Vasiljeva, Tatiana V. Druzhinina, Yana A. Kamenchuk, Vitaly V. Guzeev, Olga S. Sokolova, Vladimir G. Bogush, Vladimir G. Debabov, Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov, Igor I. Agapov
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
False aneurysm following modified Blalock-Taussig shunt.
Authors: J Valliattu, P Jairaj, T Delamie, R Subramanyam, S Menon, H Vyas
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Abstract A nine month old infant with life threatening tracheal compression due to a Blalock-Taussig shunt aneurysm is described. Successful surgical management is discussed.
FOXP3 expression in blood, synovial fluid and synovial tissue during inflammatory arthritis and intra-articular corticosteroid treatment
Authors: S Raghavan, D Cao, M Widhe, K Roth, J Herrath, M Engstrom, G Roncador, A H Banham, C Trollmo, A I Catrina, V Malmstrom
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To analyse the distribution of FOXP3+CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood, synovial fluid and tissue of patients with rheumatic disease during relapse and after local treatment. <h3>Methods:</h3> FOXP3 expression was assessed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The functional suppressive capacity of Treg was analysed after co-culture with effector CD4+CD25− T cells through assessment of proliferation and cytokine secretion. <h3>Results:</h3> It was shown that FOXP3 protein and mRNA expression in synovial fluid T cells was not confined solely to CD25<sup>bright</sup> T cells as seen in blood, but included CD25<sup>intermediate</sup> and even CD25<sup>neg</sup> T cells. Indeed, synovial fluid CD25<sup>high</sup> T cells showed similar suppressive capacity as CD25<sup>bright</sup> T cells, indicating the presence of functional Treg in T cells with lower intensity of CD25. In synovial tissue, FOXP3+ cells were present in low numbers within T-cell infiltrates and decreased further after intra-articular glucocorticosteroid administration, in parallel with the general reduction in inflammation. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Identification of synovial fluid FOXP3+ Treg with varying intensities of CD25 opens up possibilities for thorough characterisation of this important T-cell subset in the inflammatory compartment. However, only scarce synovial membrane expression of FOXP3 was found even in the absence of overt inflammation, suggesting that the synovial membrane is a site that would benefit therapeutically from Treg expansion.
Solar keratosis: fallacies in measuring remission rate and conversion rate to squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: C. Commens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Solar keratosis: fallacies in measuring remission rate and conversion rate to squamous cell carcinoma Get access C. Commens C. Commens Suite 26, AMP Building, 20‐22 Macquarie Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 2, 1 August 1987, Page 261, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04126.x Published: 01 August 1987
<i>p53</i> Loss Synergizes with Estrogen and Papillomaviral Oncogenes to Induce Cervical and Breast Cancers
Authors: Anny Shai, Henry C. Pitot, Paul F. Lambert
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Whereas the tumor suppressor p53 gene is frequently mutated in most human cancers, this is not the case in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers, presumably because the viral E6 oncoprotein inactivates the p53 protein. The ability of E6 to transform cells in tissue culture and induce cancers in mice correlates in part with its ability to inactivate p53. In this study, we compared the expression of the HPV16 E6 oncogene to the conditional genetic disruption of p53 in the context of a mouse model for cervical cancer in which estrogen is a critical cofactor. Nearly all of the K14Crep53f/f mice treated with estrogen developed cervical cancer, a stark contrast to its complete absence in like-treated K14E6WTp53f/f mice, indicating that HPV16 E6 must only partially inactivate p53. p53-independent activities of E6 also contributed to carcinogenesis, but in the female reproductive tract, these activities were manifested only in the presence of the HPV16 E7 oncogene. Interestingly, treatment of K14Crep53f/f mice with estrogen also resulted in mammary tumors after only a short latency, many of which were positive for estrogen receptor α. The majority of these mammary tumors were of mixed cell types, suggestive of their originating from a multipotent progenitor. Furthermore, a subset of mammary tumors arising in the estrogen-treated, p53-deficient mammary glands exhibited evidence of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These data show the importance of the synergy between estrogen and p53 insufficiency in determining basic properties of carcinogenesis in hormone-responsive tissues, such as the breast and the reproductive tract. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):2622–31]
A Novel Mechanism of γ/δ T-Lymphocyte and Endothelial Activation by Shear Stress
Authors: Yi Fu, Yingjian Hou, Chenglai Fu, Mingxia Gu, Chenghong Li, Wei Kong, Xian Wang, John Y.-J. Shyy, Yi Zhu
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Endothelial cells (ECs) have distinct mechanotransduction mechanisms responding to laminar versus disturbed flow patterns. Endothelial dysfunction, affected by imposed flow, is one of the earliest events leading to atherogenesis. The involvement of γ/δ T lymphocytes in endothelial dysfunction under flow is largely unknown.To investigate whether shear stress regulates membrane translocation of ATP synthase β chain (ATPSβ) in ECs, leading to the increased γ/δ T-lymphocyte adhesion and the related functions.We applied different flow patterns to cultured ECs. Laminar flow decreased the level of membrane-bound ATPSβ (ecto-ATPSβ) and depleted membrane cholesterol, whereas oscillatory flow increased the level of ecto-ATPSβ and membrane cholesterol. Incubating ECs with cholesterol or depleting cellular cholesterol with β-cyclodextrin mimicked the effect of oscillatory or laminar flow, respectively. Knockdown caveolin-1 by small interfering RNA prevented ATPSβ translocation in response to laminar flow. Importantly, oscillatory flow or cholesterol treatment elevated the number of γ/δ T cells binding to ECs, which was blocked by anti-ATPSβ antibody. Furthermore, the incubation of γ/δ T cells with ECs increased tumor necrosis fact α and interferon-γ secretion from T cells and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in ECs. In vivo, γ/δ T-cell adhesion and ATPSβ membrane translocation was elevated in the aortic inner curvature and disturbed flow areas in partially ligated carotid arteries of ApoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet.This study provides evidence that disturbed flow and hypercholesterolemia synergistically promote γ/δ T-lymphocyte activation by the membrane translocation of ATPSβ in ECs and in vivo in mice, which is a novel mechanism of endothelial activation.
Ximelagatran and melagatran compared with dalteparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement: the METHRO II randomised trial
Authors: Bengt I Eriksson, Peter Kälebo, David Bergqvisty, Ola E Dahl, Siv Lindbratt, Anders Bylock, Lars Frison, UG Eriksson, Lennart Welin, David Gustafsson
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene and the Response to Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment for Choroidal Neovascularization in High Myopia
Authors: Masahiro Miyake, Kenji Yamashiro, Yumiko Akagi-Kurashige, Kyoko Kumagai, Isao Nakata, Hideo Nakanishi, Akio Oishi, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Ryo Yamada, Fumihiko Matsuda, Nagahisa Yoshimura
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Fatal neonatal liver failure and mitochondrial cytopathy (oxidative phosphorylation deficiency): A light and electron microscopic study of the liver
Authors: Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Françoise Parrot-Roulaud, Jean Pierre Mazat, Thierry Lamireau, Michelle Coquet, Boris Sandler, Jean Louis Demarquez, Valérie Cormier, Arnold Munnich, Mireille Carré, Charles Balabaud
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Mitochondrial cytopathies are multisystemic disorders of extremely variable expression due to a deficiency in oxidative phosphorylation. Cases have recently been reported in which fatal liver failure with neonatal onset was the major clinical and biochemical syndrome. In this series we reviewed the liver histology of 10 such patients who died in the first weeks of life (from 3 days to 6 mo). In six cases the diagnosis was confirmed by study of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the muscle, liver or both; in the other four, appropriate tests were not available for diagnosis but symptoms were identical and all other diagnoses were ruled out. In all 10 cases we noted significant steatosis, mostly microvesicular; widespread hepatocytic, canalicular and bile duct cholestasis with bile thrombi and cholangiolar proliferation; and different degrees of hepatosiderosis and glycogen depletion. Fibrosis took varying forms: perisinusoidal, periportal with the formation of septa, even precirrhosis. In the two cases of infants who died, one at 5 and one 6 mo, micronodular cirrhosis was also present. Mitochondria, either densely or loosely packed, were abnormal-pleiomorphic with few or no cristae and a granular fluffy matrix. Dense, large granules were seen in two cases. The association of neonatal liver failure and hyperlactacidemia should lead to immediate examination of the respiratory chain. The expression of this mitochondrial cytopathy can be lethal, associated with severe liver damage due to the deficiency in oxidative phosphorylation.
Elevation of Prolactin Levels by Atypical Antipsychotics
Authors: Peter Turrone, Shitij Kapur, Mary V Seeman, Alastair J Flint
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Atypical antipsychotics are thought not to elevate prolactin levels. The authors examined data suggesting that atypical antipsychotics do elevate prolactin levels but more transiently than typical antipsychotics. METHOD: Prolactin levels in 18 male patients with schizophrenia who were receiving atypical antipsychotics were monitored over the 24-hour period following administration of their daily oral dose of risperidone, olanzapine, or clozapine. RESULTS: The baseline prolactin levels in patients receiving risperidone (mean=27 ng/ml, SD=14) were abnormally high, but baseline prolactin levels in patients receiving olanzapine (mean=9 ng/ml, SD=5) and clozapine (mean=9 ng/ml, SD=5) were not high. All three atypical antipsychotics caused a doubling of prolactin levels over baseline levels 6 hours after medication administration. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that these atypical antipsychotics raise prolactin levels, although the increases with olanzapine did not reach statistical significance. This suggests that the differences in the effects on prolactin levels of atypical and typical antipsychotics are not categorical but lie in the degree and duration of dose-induced prolactin elevation, attributable to the differential binding properties of each drug on pituitary dopamine D2 receptors.
Corticosteroid and platelet-rich plasma injection therapy in tennis elbow (lateral epicondylalgia): a survey of current UK specialist practice and a call for clinical guidelines
Authors: Andrew G Titchener, Simon J Booker, Nivraj S Bhamber, Amol A Tambe, David I Clark
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Tennis elbow is a common condition with a variety of treatment options, but little is known about which of these options specialists choose most commonly. Corticosteroid injections in tennis elbow may reduce pain in the short-term but delay long-term recovery. We have undertaken a UK-wide survey of upper limb specialists to assess current practice. Methods Cross-sectional electronic survey of current members of the British Elbow and Shoulder Society (BESS) and the British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH). Results 271 of 1047 eligible members responded (25.9%); consultant surgeons constituted the largest group (232/271, 85%). 131 respondents (48%) use corticosteroid injections as their first-line treatment for tennis elbow. 206 respondents (77%) believed that corticosteroid injections are not potentially harmful in the treatment of tennis elbow, while 31 (11%) did not use them in their current practice. In light of recent evidence of the potential harmful effects of corticosteroid therapy, 136 (50%) had not changed their practice while 108 (40.1%) had reduced or discontinued their use. 43 respondents (16%) reported having used platelet-rich plasma injections. Conclusions Recent high-quality evidence that corticosteroids may delay recovery in tennis elbow appears to have had a limited effect on current practice. Treatment is not uniform among specialists and a proportion of them use platelet-rich plasma injections.
The <i>Plasmodium</i> circumsporozoite protein is proteolytically processed during cell invasion
Authors: Alida Coppi, Consuelo Pinzon-Ortiz, Christina Hutter, Photini Sinnis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is the major surface protein of Plasmodium sporozoites, the infective stage of malaria. Although CSP has been extensively studied as a malaria vaccine candidate, little is known about its structure. Here, we show that CSP is proteolytically cleaved by a papain family cysteine protease of parasite origin. Our data suggest that the highly conserved region I, found just before the repeat region, contains the cleavage site. Cleavage occurs on the sporozoite surface when parasites contact target cells. Inhibitors of CSP processing inhibit cell invasion in vitro, and treatment of mice with E-64, a highly specific cysteine protease inhibitor, completely inhibits sporozoite infectivity in vivo.
Prevalence of oesophagitis in asthmatics.
Authors: S J Sontag, T G Schnell, T Q Miller, S Khandelwal, S O'Connell, G Chejfec, H Greenlee, U J Seidel, L Brand
Journal: Gut (1992)

The exact relation between gastro-oesophageal reflux and asthma remains poorly understood. To determine whether gastro-oesophageal reflux in asthmatics results in oesophagitis, endoscopy and oesophageal biopsy were performed on 186 consecutive adult asthmatics. The presence or absence of reflux symptoms was not used as a selection criterion for asthmatics. Endoscopy was performed by two endoscopists using predefined criteria. All asthmatics had discrete wheezing and either a previous diagnosis of asthma or documented reversible airways obstruction of at least 20%. The oesophageal mucosa was graded as normal if no erosions or ulcerations were present in the tubular oesophagus; as oesophagitis if a mucosal break with exudate (erosions and/or ulcerations) was present; and as Barrett9s if specialised (intestinal) columnar epithelium was present. A hiatal hernia was diagnosed if greater than or equal to 2 cm of gastric mucosa appeared above the diaphragm during endoscopy. Thirty nine per cent of the patients with asthma had oesophagitis or Barrett9s oesophagus, or both. There was no difference in the oesophageal mucosal status between asthmatics who required and those who did not require bronchodilators. Fifty eight per cent of asthmatics had a hiatal hernia. It is concluded that oesophagitis is common and independent of the use of bronchodilator therapy in asthmatics.
Doxycycline in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: not all questions are answered
Authors: Simon R. Johnson, William Y.C. Chang, Anne E. Tattersfield, Sarah Lewis, Maruti Kumaran, Jennifer L. Cane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We are grateful to B.G. Baldi and colleagues for their interest in our paper [1].We agree that based upon our own, as well as the author's, data that doxycycline cannot currently be recommended as a therapy to reduce a decline in lung function in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).As the authors pointed out, in our randomised placebo-controlled study, the two groups had slightly differing baseline lung-function values, which may have led to the differences in the rate of progression of LAM and possibly the response to doxycycline [1].However, the lack of effect on any study endpoint suggests that doxycycline is unlikely to be helpful for the majority of patients.In B.G. Baldi's study, 41 patients received doxycycline in an open-labelled manner, 31 patients completed 1 year of therapy and were then divided into those with a fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) or those whose FEV1 did not fall, termed ''nonresponders'' and ''responders'' respectively, with responders tending to have a better baseline lung function [2,3].Although, these data would be consistent with B.G. Baldi's contention that patients with mild disease may respond to doxycycline, whereas those with more advanced disease do not.This idea would require testing in a randomised placebo-controlled trial of patients with early or mild disease, as it is also possible that doxycycline does not affect lung function decline in LAM and these observations are due to the variable rate of disease progression in LAM patients.Interest in the efficacy of doxycycline as a metalloproteinase inhibitor in LAM must also be tempered by the modest effect on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in LAM-derived cell supernatants [4] and serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in LAM [1,3].Similarly, the suggestion that doxycycline may work in synergy with other therapies will further need formal testing.In the absence of responsive biomarkers for disease activity, endpoints for clinical trials rely upon lung function, making randomised controlled trials in a rare disease difficult to perform in a single country and also expensive.It is important for patients that biomarkers are developed allowing screening of potential therapies before embarking on large, definitive studies.
Optimal Duration of Low Molecular Weight Heparin for the Treatment of Cancer-Related Deep Vein Thrombosis: The Cancer-DACUS Study
Authors: Mariasanta Napolitano, Giorgia Saccullo, Alessandra Malato, Delia Sprini, Walter Ageno, Davide Imberti, Doris Mascheroni, Eugenio Bucherini, Pina Gallucci, Andrea D'Alessio, Tullia Prantera, Pietro Spadaro, Stefano Rotondo, Pierpaolo Di Micco, Vincenzo Oriana, Oreste Urbano, Francesco Recchia, Angelo Ghirarduzzi, Lucio Lo Coco, Salvatrice Mancuso, Alessandra Casuccio, Giovam Battista Rini, Sergio Siragusa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose We evaluated the role of residual vein thrombosis (RVT) to assess the optimal duration of anticoagulants in patients with cancer who have deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs. Patients and Methods Patients with active cancer and a first episode of DVT treated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for 6 months were eligible. Patients were managed according to RVT findings: those with RVT were randomly assigned to continue LMWH for an additional 6 months (group A1) or to discontinue it (group A2), and patients without RVT stopped LMWH (group B). The primary end point was recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) during the 1 year after disconinuation of LMWH, and the secondary end point was major bleeding. Analyses are from the time of random assignment. Results Between October 2005 and April 2010, 347 patients were enrolled. RVT was detected in 242 patients (69.7%); recurrence occurred in 22 of the 119 patients in group A1compared with 27 of 123 patients in group A2. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for group A2 versus A1 was 1.37 (95% CI, 0.7 to 2.5; P = .311). Three of the 105 patients in group B developed recurrent VTE; adjusted HR for group A1 versus B was 6.0 (95% CI, 1.7 to 21.2; P = .005). Three major bleeding events occurred in group A1, and two events each occurred in groups A2 and B. The HR for major bleeding in group A1 versus group A2 was 3.78 (95% CI, 0.77 to 18.58; P = .102). Overall, 42 patients (12.1%) died during follow-up as a result of cancer progression. Conclusion In patients with cancer with a first DVT, treated for 6 months with LMWH, absence of RVT identifies a population at low risk for recurrent thrombotic events. Continuation of LMWH in patients with RVT up to 1 year did not reduce recurrent VTE.
Substance P (subP) and Minocycline Suppress Induction of Human Ragweed Specific Memory IgE Responses By Different Mechanisms
Authors: Charles J. Kim, Bryan McCarthy, Seto M. Chice, Maja Nowakowski, Jonathan Silverberg, Stephan A. Kohlhoff, Rauno O. Joks, Tamar A. Smith-Norowitz, Helen G. Durkin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)