tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How to recognize clinical stability in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
Authors: Stefano Aliberti, Tim Wiemken, Annamaria Zanaboni, Ahmed Nahas, Srinivas Uppatla, Chiara Travierso, Fabio Giuliani, Valeria Giunta, Giulia Salomoni, Caterina Conti, Elena Parazzini, Paula Peyrani, Francesco Blasi, Julio Ramirez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Clinical stability (CS) is the earliest outcome for patients with CAP. ATS guidelines suggested two different criteria in 2001 and 2007 to recognize patients9 CS. The aim of our study was to compare the predicting ability of these two criteria. An observational, retrospective study of consecutive CAP patients admitted to the Veterans Hospital of Louisville, KY, US, between June 2001 and March 2006 was performed. Time to CS (TCS) was calculated as the number of days from hospital admission to the date the patient met CS criteria. Comparison between the two scores was performed with regard to a combined outcome including failure or death either during hospitalization or up to 30 days after discharge. A total of 487 patients (98% males; mean±SD age: 69±12 yrs) were enrolled. Mean±SD TCS of the study population was lower using ATS2001 in comparison to ATS2007 criteria (3.05±2.2 vs. 3.55±2.5 days, respectively, p  The ROC curve area based on the combined outcome was similar for both scores (0.762 for ATS2001 and 0.799 for ATS2007). ATS2001 criteria seem to predict CS earlier in comparison with ATS2007, and their use could allow to shorten the hospital stay.
No evidence for a critical role of the unfolded protein response in synovium and blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Barbara Neerinckx, Shea Carter, Rik J Lories
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

HLA-B27 is the strongest genetic risk factor for ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but how it contributes to AS remains unknown. Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, triggered by misfolding of HLA-B27 heavy chains, and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) have been proposed as underlying mechanisms.1 Studies in the HLA-B27/β2 microglobulin transgenic rat show a temporal and quantitative relationship between HLA-B27 upregulation and activation of the UPR in macrophages of diseased rats.2 ,3 In AS patients, some small studies show conflicting results.4–7 We aimed to determine if the HLA-B27-related UPR, present in transgenic rats, is relevant in blood and synovial tissues of AS patients. We compared ex vivo UPR gene expression in synovium and blood from AS patients with expression in the same tissues and cells of healthy controls and patients with other rheumatic diseases.

We obtained synovial tissues from inflamed knees from patients with AS, other forms of spondyloarthritis (SpA), rheumatoid arthritis …
Inactivation of Monocarboxylate Transporter MCT3 by DNA Methylation in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Shoukang Zhu, Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont, Chunming Dong
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) mediate lactate transport across the plasma membrane of cells. The molecular mechanisms regulating monocarboxylate transport in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) remain poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DNA methylation on MCT expression and lactate transport in SMCs in relation to atherosclerosis.MCT expression was determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in SMCs isolated from human aortas and coronary arteries. Bisulfite sequencing and confocal microscopic analysis were used to study DNA methylation and lactate transport in SMCs, respectively. Downregulation of MCT3 and impaired lactate transport were detected in proliferating/synthetic SMCs, relative to the contractile phenotype. A passage number- and atherosclerotic lesion-dependent methylation pattern of MCT3 was demonstrated in the CpG island located in exon 2. Treatment of SMCs with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored MCT3 expression and normalized lactate transport. Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated specific MCT3 knockdown substantially stimulated SMC proliferation.These data indicate that DNA methylation may modify monocarboxylate transport by suppressing MCT3 expression, which could be important in regulating SMC function and the development of atherosclerosis.
THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE EMPYEMA; TREATMENT BY CONTINUOUS TIDAL IRRIGATION AND SUCTION (HART)
Authors: BEN  KLOTZ, BERNARD  LIDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Article1 December 1941THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE EMPYEMA; TREATMENT BY CONTINUOUS TIDAL IRRIGATION AND SUCTION (HART)BEN KLOTZ, B.A., M.D., F.A.C.S., BERNARD LIDMAN, B.S., M.D.BEN KLOTZ, B.A., M.D., F.A.C.S.Search for more papers by this author, BERNARD LIDMAN, B.S., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-15-6-974 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe method of treating acute empyema by tidal irrigation and suction, described by Hart,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 was introduced in 1929 on the medical and surgical services of the Sinai Hospital, and since that time 33 cases have been treated by this procedure. In four of these, tidal drainage was insufficient and was followed later by rib resection and thoracotomy; they will be discussed separately later in this report. In 30 of the 33 cases, the operative procedure was performed and the subsequent course was followed personally by the senior author.Technic. The details of the method, operative...Bibliography1. HART D: Acute empyema. Treatment by continuous tidal irrigation and drainage dependent on normal respiratory movements, Arch. Surg., 1928, xvii, 102. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. HART D: Empyema (acute, chronic and tuberculous). Report of 50 cases treated by tidal irrigation and suction, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1929, xciii, 1724. Google Scholar3. HART D: Empyema. Method of treatment by tidal irrigation and suction, with results obtained in 30 cases, Internat. Surg. Digest, 1929, vii, 3. Google Scholar4. HART D: Empyema in children. Report of 36 cases treated by tidal irrigation and suction, South. Med. Jr., 1930, xxiii, 823. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. HART D: Treatment of chronic empyema by tidal irrigation, suction, and thoracoplasty, Jr. Thorac. Surg., 1932, ii, 157. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. HART D: Treatment of acute empyema, Internat. Clin., 1935, iv, 185. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Norfolk, Virginia*Received for publication August 23, 1939.From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Sinai Hospital, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1941Volume 15, Issue 6Page: 974-981KeywordsHospital medicineRibsSurgeryThoracotomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1941 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Smo/Smo Model: Hedgehog-Induced Medulloblastoma with 90% Incidence and Leptomeningeal Spread
Authors: Beryl A. Hatton, Elisabeth H. Villavicencio, Karen D. Tsuchiya, Joel I. Pritchard, Sally Ditzler, Barbara Pullar, Stacey Hansen, Sue E. Knoblaugh, Donghoon Lee, Charles G. Eberhart, Andrew R. Hallahan, James M. Olson
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Toward the goal of generating a mouse medulloblastoma model with increased tumor incidence, we developed a homozygous version of our ND2:SmoA1 model. Medulloblastomas form in 94% of homozygous Smo/Smo mice by 2 months of age. Tumor formation is, thus, predictable by age, before the symptomatic appearance of larger lesions. This high incidence and early onset of tumors is ideal for preclinical studies because mice can be enrolled before symptom onset and with a greater latency period before late-stage disease. Smo/Smo tumors also display leptomeningeal dissemination of neoplastic cells to the brain and spine, which occurs in many human cases. Despite an extended proliferation of granule neuron precursors (GNP) in the postnatal external granular layer (EGL), the internal granular layer formed normally in Smo/Smo mice and tumor formation occurred only in localized foci on the superficial surface of the molecular layer. Thus, tumor formation is not simply the result of over proliferation of GNPs within the EGL. Moreover, Smo/Smo medulloblastomas were transplantable and serially passaged in vivo, demonstrating the aggressiveness of tumor cells and their transformation beyond a hyperplastic state. The Smo/Smo model is the first mouse medulloblastoma model to show leptomeningeal spread. The adherence to human pathology, high incidence, and early onset of tumors thus make Smo/Smo mice an efficient model for preclinical studies. [Cancer Res 2008;68(6):1768–76]
Brief-Exposure Break-Bone Fever
Authors: Lawrence J. D'angelo
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Malison and Waterman (1983;249:496) recently reported on an imported cluster of dengue cases in a family of Caribbean travelers. They did not comment on the difficulty in accurately determining dengue serotype, particularly in persons with a history of previous flavivirus infection or a history of yellow fever vaccination. We would like to describe a person who contracted her illness despite a brief exposure and whose serotypic diagnosis was made difficult by a nonspecific rise in antibody titers to all flavivirus species. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 34-year-old woman had a chief complaint of fever and headache. She had recently returned from a four-day hotel-based business trip to Puerto Rico; she had ventured out of her hotel on one evening only and remembered being bitten by mosquitoes. While en route to her home in the Midwest, she had stopped to visit friends in Washington, DC, and noted onset
Nontuberculous Pulmonary Mycobacteriosis in Denmark
Authors: Claire Andréjak, Vibeke Ø. Thomsen, Isik S. Johansen, Anders Riis, Thomas L. Benfield, Pierre Duhaut, Henrik T. Sørensen, François-Xavier Lescure, Reimar W. Thomsen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Few population-based data are available regarding nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary disease epidemiology and prognosis.To examine NTM pulmonary colonization incidence, disease incidence, and prognostic factors.All adults in Denmark with at least one NTM-positive pulmonary specimen during 1997 to 2008 were identified using national medical databases and were categorized as having possible or definite NTM disease or colonization.We calculated annual age-standardized NTM incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of death associated with patient age, sex, comorbidity, NTM species, and NTM disease status. Of 1,282 adults with 2,666 NTM-positive pulmonary specimens, 335 (26%) had definite NTM disease, 238 (19%) possible disease, and 709 (55%) colonization only. NTM incidence rates decreased until 2002, followed by an increase from 2003 to 2008 (mean annual rate per 100,000 person-years: NTM colonization, 1.36; NTM disease, 1.08). Five-year mortality after definite NTM disease was 40.1%. After controlling for potential confounders, 5-year mortality for definite NTM disease was slightly higher than for NTM colonization (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.51). Mycobacterium xenopi was associated with worse prognosis (adjusted HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.99-2.33) than the reference Mycobacterium avium complex. High comorbidity level (HR, 2.97), age greater than or equal to 65 years (HR, 9.17), and male sex (female sex HR, 0.73) were predictors of death.NTM disease incidence has remained unchanged in Denmark over the past 12 years. Patients with NTM colonization and disease have similarly poor prognosis. Negative prognostic factors include high levels of comorbidity, advanced age, male sex, and M. xenopi.
Coordinated clearance of periciliary liquid and mucus from airway surfaces.
Authors: H Matsui, S H Randell, S W Peretti, C W Davis, R C Boucher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Airway surface liquid is comprised of mucus and an underlying, watery periciliary liquid (PCL). In contrast to the well-described axial transport of mucus along airway surfaces via ciliary action, theoretical analyses predict that the PCL is nearly stationary. Conventional and confocal microscopy of fluorescent microspheres and photoactivated fluorescent dyes were used with well-differentiated human tracheobronchial epithelial cell cultures exhibiting spontaneous, radial mucociliary transport to study the movements of mucus and PCL. These studies showed that the entire PCL is transported at approximately the same rate as mucus, 39.2+/-4.7 and 39.8+/-4.2 micrometer/sec, respectively. Removing the mucus layer reduced PCL transport by > 80%, to 4.8+/-0.6 micrometer/sec, a value close to that predicted from theoretical analyses of the ciliary beat cycle. Hence, the rapid movement of PCL is dependent upon the transport of mucus. Mucus-dependent PCL transport was spatially uniform and exceeded the rate expected for pure frictional coupling with the overlying mucus layer; hence, ciliary mixing most likely accelerates the diffusion of momentum from mucus into the PCL. The cephalad movement of PCL along airway epithelial surfaces makes this mucus-driven transport an important component of salt and water physiology in the lung in health and disease.
Evidence of mast cell activation and leukotriene release after mannitol inhalation
Authors: J.D. Brannan, M. Gulliksson, S.D. Anderson, N. Chew, M. Kumlin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The aim of this study was to investigate if mannitol inhalation, as a model of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), causes mast cell activation and release of mediators of bronchoconstriction. Urinary excretion of previously identified mediators of EIB was investigated in association with mannitol-induced bronchoconstriction. Twelve asthmatic and nine nonasthmatic subjects inhaled mannitol and urine was collected 60 min before andfor90 min after challenge. The urinary concentrations of leukotriene (LT)E 4 , the prostaglandin (PG)D 2 metabolite and the mast cell marker 9α,11β‐PGF 2 weremeasured by enzyme immunoassay. N τ ‐methylhistamine was measured by radioimmunoassay. In asthmatic subjects, inhalation of a mean±sem dose of 272±56 mg mannitol induced a reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) of 34.5±2.1%. This was associated with increases in urinary 9α,11β‐PGF 2 (91.9±8.2 versus 66.9±6.6 ng·mmol creatinine −1 , peak versus baseline) and LTE 4 (51.3±7.5 versus 32.9±4.7). In nonasthmatic subjects, the reduction in FEV 1 was 1.0±0.5% after inhaling 635 mg of mannitol. Although smaller than in the asthmatics, significant increases of urinary 9α,11β‐PGF 2 (68.4±6.9 versus 56.0±5.8 ng·mmol creatinine −1 ) and LTE 4 (58.5±5.3 versus 43.0±3.3 ng·mmol creatinine −1 ) were observed in the nonasthmatic subjects. There was also a small increase in urinary excretion of N τ ‐methylhistamine in the nonasthmatics, but not in the asthmatics. The increased urinary levels of 9α,11β‐prostaglandin F 2 support mast cell activation with release of mediators following inhalation of mannitol. Increased bronchial responsiveness to the released mediators could explain the exclusive bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects.
Sex and genetic effects on upper and lower body fat and associations with diabetes in multigenerational families of African heritage
Authors: Iva Miljkovic-Gacic, Xiaojing Wang, Candace M. Kammerer, Clareann H. Bunker, Alan L. Patrick, Victor W. Wheeler, Lewis H. Kuller, Rhobert W. Evans, Joseph M. Zmuda
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Regulation of Cell Behavior and Tissue Patterning by Bioelectrical Signals: Challenges and Opportunities for Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Michael Levin, Claire G. Stevenson
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2012)

Achieving control over cell behavior and pattern formation requires molecular-level understanding of regulatory mechanisms. Alongside transcriptional networks and biochemical gradients, there functions an important system of cellular communication and control: transmembrane voltage gradients (V(mem)). Bioelectrical signals encoded in spatiotemporal changes of V(mem) control cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Moreover, endogenous bioelectrical gradients serve as instructive cues mediating anatomical polarity and other organ-level aspects of morphogenesis. In the past decade, significant advances in molecular physiology have enabled the development of new genetic and biophysical tools for the investigation and functional manipulation of bioelectric cues. Recent data implicate V(mem) as a crucial epigenetic regulator of patterning events in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer. We review new conceptual and methodological developments in this fascinating field. Bioelectricity offers a novel way of quantitatively understanding regulation of growth and form in vivo, and it reveals tractable, powerful control points that will enable truly transformative applications in bioengineering, regenerative medicine, and synthetic biology.
Maximal Exercise Electrocardiography Responses and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Among Men With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: G. William Lyerly, Xuemei Sui, Timothy S. Church, Carl J. Lavie, Gregory A. Hand, Steven N. Blair
Journal: Circulation (2008)

An abnormal ECG during maximal exercise testing has been shown to be a powerful predictor of future coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in asymptomatic men. However, little is known about the relationship between exercise ECG responses and CHD risk in men with diabetes mellitus.We examined the association between exercise ECG responses and mortality in 2854 men with documented diabetes mellitus (mean age 49.5 years) who completed a maximal treadmill exercise test during the period from 1974 to 2001 and who were without a previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) event at baseline. Mortality due to all causes, CHD, and CVD were the main outcome measures across categories of exercise ECG responses, with stratification by cardiorespiratory fitness, quantified as treadmill test duration. During an average follow-up of 16 years, 441 deaths (210 CVD and 133 CHD) were identified. Across normal, equivocal, and abnormal exercise ECG groups, age- and examination year-adjusted CHD mortality rates per 10 000 person-years were 23.0, 48.6, and 69.0, respectively (P(trend)<0.001). After further adjustment for fasting plasma glucose level, smoking, body mass index, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, family history of CVD or diabetes mellitus, abnormal resting ECG responses, and cardiorespiratory fitness, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.00 (referent), 1.68 (1.01 to 2.77), and 2.21 (1.41 to 3.46; P(trend)<0.001). Similar patterns of associations were noted between exercise ECG testing and both CVD and all-cause mortality risk.Among men with diabetes mellitus, equivocal and abnormal exercise ECG responses were associated with higher risk of all-cause, CVD, and CHD mortality.
An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: Update of the International Multidisciplinary Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
Authors: William D. Travis, Ulrich Costabel, David M. Hansell, Talmadge E. King, David A. Lynch, Andrew G. Nicholson, Christopher J. Ryerson, Jay H. Ryu, Moisés Selman, Athol U. Wells, Jurgen Behr, Demosthenes Bouros, Kevin K. Brown, Thomas V. Colby, Harold R. Collard, Carlos Robalo Cordeiro, Vincent Cottin, Bruno Crestani, Marjolein Drent, Rosalind F. Dudden, Jim Egan, Kevin Flaherty, Cory Hogaboam, Yoshikazu Inoue, Takeshi Johkoh, Dong Soon Kim, Masanori Kitaichi, James Loyd, Fernando J. Martinez, Jeffrey Myers, Shandra Protzko, Ganesh Raghu, Luca Richeldi, Nicola Sverzellati, Jeffrey Swigris, Dominique Valeyre
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<ContentsExecutive SummaryIntroductionMethodsSummary of Major Revision...General Progress in IIPs ...Important Differential Di...Progress in Specific IIPs...Rare IIPsRare Histologic PatternsUnclassifiable IIPClinical Classification o...BiomarkersReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Management of anal fistula
Authors: J. A. Simpson, A. Banerjea, J. H. Scholefield
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Hospital readmissions in older adult populations are an emerging quality indicator for acute care hospitals. Recent evidence has linked functional decline during and after hospitalization with an elevated risk of hospital readmission. However, models of care that have been developed to reduce hospital readmission rates do not adequately address functional deficits. Physical therapists, as experts in optimizing physical function, have a strong opportunity to contribute meaningfully to care transition models and demonstrate the value of physical therapy interventions in reducing readmissions. Thus, the purposes of this perspective article are: (1) to describe the need for physical therapist input during care transitions for older adults and (2) to outline strategies for expanding physical therapy participation in care transitions for older adults, with an overall goal of reducing avoidable 30-day hospital readmissions.
Long-term Follow-up of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients Given Chemotherapy for Disseminated Nonseminomatous Testicular Cancer
Authors: J A Gietema, D T Sleijfer, P H Willemse, H Schraffordt Koops, E van Ittersum, W M Verschuren, D Kromhout, W J Sluiter, N H Mulder, E G de Vries
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To assess cardiovascular risk factors over time in patients who received chemotherapy for disseminated testicular cancer and were apparently cured.Cohort study.Referral center.Fifty-seven consecutive patients (median age, 28 years; range, 16 to 43 years) who received cisplatin-containing chemotherapy between 1978 and 1985.Serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, kidney function, and hormonal status were monitored during follow-up after chemotherapy (median follow-up, 88 months; range, 56 to 143 months). The BMI and cholesterol values obtained 4 to 6 years after chemotherapy were compared with values from a sample of healthy, age-matched Dutch men; the cholesterol level was also compared with that of 31 patients treated with orchidectomy for stage I disease.The mean cholesterol level in patients at the start of chemotherapy was 3.96 +/- 0.98 mmol/L [153 +/- 38 mg/dL], increasing 4 to 6 years later to 6.12 +/- 1.20 mmol/L [237 +/- 46 mg/dL] (P less than 0.001); 49 of 57 patients had an elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level (greater than 3.4 mmol/L [130 mg/dL]), with a mean level of 4.47 +/- 1.05 mmol/L [173 +/- 41 mg/dL]. Compared with a sample of healthy Dutch men, the chemotherapy group had an elevated cholesterol level (P less than 0.05). At 4 to 6 years, the mean HDL cholesterol level was 0.76 +/- 0.18 mmol/L [29 +/- 7 mg/dL], which was low compared with that of the healthy Dutch men (P less than 0.05). The mean BMI for all patients was 2.8% higher than expected 4 to 6 years after chemotherapy (P less than 0.01) but was not higher than expected 7 to 10 years after chemotherapy.In addition to other known late side effects of chemotherapy in patients with testicular cancer, hypercholesterolemia and overweight might represent risk factors for cardiovascular disease in such patients, especially in those who are younger.