tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sports and recreational injuries: regional rural injury study-II: impact on agricultural households and operations
Authors: L S Kurszewski, S G Gerberich, R C Serfass, A D Ryan, C M Renier, B H Alexander, K Ferguson Carlson, A S Masten
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Objectives: To identify the incidence, severity, and potential risk factors for sports/recreational injuries incurred by children and adults in a five state, rural, Midwest, agricultural household population. Methods: Computer assisted telephone interviews that included questions about all injuries were completed for eligible, participating households for 1999; 16 538 people participated, including 8488 children less than 20 years of age. Rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and causal models guided multivariate models. Results: Of a total of 2586 injuries, 1301 (50%) were not related to agricultural activity. Among these, 733 (28%) were associated with sports/recreational activities including multiple person sports (64%), general play activities (19%), and single person sports (14%). The overall rate was 46.4 injury events per 1000 persons per year. Rates for children were 99.4 for boys and 64.3 for girls. For adults (aged 20 and above), rates were 11.9 for men and 4.8 for women. For children, 93% received health care, 44% were restricted for seven or more days, and 18% lost agricultural work time of seven or more days; the respective proportions for adults were 88%, 45%, and 17%. Multivariate analysis for children showed increased risks for Nebraska residents, males, and those 10–14 or 15–19 years. For adults, increased risks were identified for males and those 20–24 years; decreased risks were observed for Nebraska residents and those 45–54 years. Conclusions: Sports/recreational activities are an important source of injury with relevant consequences for this population, including significant restricted daily activity and lost agricultural work time. Key findings provide a basis for further study to address these burdens.
Serial Angioscopic Evidence of Incomplete Neointimal Coverage After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Masaki Awata, Jun-ichi Kotani, Masaaki Uematsu, Takakazu Morozumi, Tetsuya Watanabe, Toshinari Onishi, Osamu Iida, Fusako Sera, Shinsuke Nanto, Masatsugu Hori, Seiki Nagata
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The time course of neointimal formation after stent implantation has not been studied extensively by angioscopy in the drug-eluting stent era. Methods and Results— Serial angioscopic findings at first follow-up (3.6±1.1 months), second follow-up (10.5±1.6 months), and third follow-up (21.2±2.2 months) after stent implantation were compared between sirolimus-eluting stents (SES, n=17) and bare-metal stents (BMS, n=11). Neointimal coverage, thrombus, and presence of yellow plaques underneath the stents were assessed. Neointimal coverage was graded as follows: grade 0, stent struts were fully visible; grade 1, struts bulged into the lumen, although they were covered; grade 2, struts were embedded by the neointima but were seen translucently; or grade 3, struts were fully embedded and invisible. Neointimal coverage was remarkably different between SES and BMS at each follow-up point. Neointimal coverage grade was 1.1±0.5 in SES versus 2.9±0.3 in BMS at the first follow-up ( P &lt;0.0001), 1.1±0.5 in SES versus 3.0±0.0 in BMS ( P &lt;0.0001) at the second follow-up, and 1.3±0.5 in SES versus 3.0±0.0 in BMS at the third follow-up ( P =0.0009). No significant serial changes in coverage grade were noted in the BMS group, whereas coverage grade slightly but significantly increased at the third follow-up in the SES group ( P &lt;0.05). Thrombi were detected in 4 SES: a red thrombus was seen from the first to the third follow-up in 2; another was detected only at the third follow-up; and the fourth was seen at the first follow-up but disappeared at the second follow-up, associated with a new white thrombus despite dual antiplatelet therapy. Yellow plaques had disappeared by the time of the second follow-up in BMS. In contrast, yellow plaques were exposed in 71% of SES at the first follow-up and remained exposed until the third follow-up. Neointimal coverage grades correlated with thrombi ( P =0.002) and with yellow plaques ( P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions— Serial angioscopic findings up to 2 years after SES implantation were markedly different from those after BMS. Neointimal coverage was completed by 3 to 6 months in BMS. In contrast, SES demonstrated the presence of thrombi and yellow plaques even as much as 2 years after implantation.
Hypoxia Increases Heparanase-Dependent Tumor Cell Invasion, Which Can Be Inhibited by Antiheparanase Antibodies
Authors: Xiaotong He, Paul E. C. Brenchley, Gordon C. Jayson, Lynne Hampson, John Davies, Ian N. Hampson
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The β-endoglucuronidase heparanase plays an important role in tumor invasion, a process that is significantly enhanced by hypoxia. We have used a strategy of stable transfection with antisense to derive ovarian carcinoma cell lines that express different levels of heparanase and used these to demonstrate that invasion correlates with heparanase activity. Secreted heparanase activity was increased by reduction, hypoxia, and growth of cells under reduced oxygen (1%) augmented heparanase activity and invasion, both of which are inhibited by treatment with antiheparanase antibodies. This is the first demonstration that heparanase activity may be regulated by microenvironmental redox conditions, which influence invasion, and that invasion can be blocked with specific heparanase-neutralizing antibodies.
An endoscopic Mayo score of 0 is associated with a lower risk of colectomy than a score of 1 in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Claire Manginot, Cédric Baumann, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
Journal: Gut (2014)

Dear Sir,

In a recent article1 we showed that correlation between histological indexes is strong for ulcerative colitis (UC). Due to the lack of intervention studies and the absence of a validated histological index, histological healing cannot be considered as a treatment goal in clinical practice for these patients. Pending these studies, we need to define the therapeutic goal for patients with UC.

In the ACT 1 and 2 clinical trials,2 early mucosal healing defined by an endoscopic Mayo score (EMS) of 0–1 was associated with a lower risk of colectomy through 54 weeks of follow-up evaluation and better long-term outcomes related to symptomatic remission, corticosteroid-free symptomatic remission and corticosteroid use, and subsequent mucosal healing at weeks 30 and 54. With the exception of colectomy …
Myocardial ischemic-fibrotic injury after human heart transplantation is associated with increased progression of vasculopathy, decreased cellular rejection and poor long-term outcome
Authors: Mohamad H Yamani, Showkat A Haji, Randall C Starling, E.Murat Tuzcu, Norman B Ratliff, Daniel J Cook, Ashraf Abdo, Tim Crowe, Michelle Secic, Patrick McCarthy, James B Young
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Evaluation of 8q24 and 17q Risk Loci and Prostate Cancer Mortality
Authors: Kathryn L. Penney, Claudia A. Salinas, Mark Pomerantz, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Christine A. Beckwith, Gwo-Shu Lee, William K. Oh, Oliver Sartor, Elaine A. Ostrander, Tobias Kurth, Jing Ma, Lorelei Mucci, Janet L. Stanford, Philip W. Kantoff, David J. Hunter, Meir J. Stampfer, Matthew L. Freedman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Variants at chromosomal loci 8q24 and 17q are established risk factors for prostate cancer. Many studies have confirmed the findings for risk, but few have examined aggressiveness and other clinical variables in detail. Additionally, Gleason score is typically used as a surrogate for the primary end point of prostate cancer mortality. We investigated whether the 8q24 and 17q risk variants are associated with clinical variables as well as prostate cancer mortality. Experimental Design: In the Physicians' Health Study (1,347 cases and 1,462 controls), the Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center Specialized Program of Research Excellence (Gelb Center; 3,714 cases), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center King County Case-Control Studies (1,308 cases and 1,266 controls), we examined eight previously identified 8q24 and 17q risk variants for association with prostate cancer mortality in men of European ancestry. We considered associations with other surrogate markers of prostate cancer aggressiveness, such as Gleason score, pathologic stage, prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis, and age at diagnosis. Results: Six of the eight variants were confirmed as prostate cancer risk factors. Several variants were nominally associated with age at diagnosis; when totaling all alleles for single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with risk, each additional allele decreased age at diagnosis by an average of 6 months in the Physicians' Health Study (P = 0.0005) and 4 months in the Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center Specialized Program of Research Excellence (Gelb Center) cohort (P = 0.0016). However, there were no statistically significant associations with prostate cancer mortality. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the 8q24 and 17q prostate cancer risk variants may influence age at diagnosis but not disease aggressiveness.
Effect of adrenaline on cardiac force-interval relationship
Authors: A J Drake-Holland, R Sitsapesan, K Herbaczynska-Cedro, W A Seed, M I M Noble
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

The aim was to test the hypothesis that adrenaline affects the force-interval processes.The force-interval processes were studied in eight guinea pig papillary muscles (isometric force) and five anaesthetised dogs with atrioventricular block (maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure, LVdP/dtmax). The contractility indices were measured during pacing sequences in which a steady state was interrupted after a variable interval by a premature beat followed by an immediate return to the steady state.The relationship between contractility of the premature beat and the preceding interstimulus interval displays an approximately monoexponential initial rising phase, ie, mechanical restitution. With increasing adrenaline dosage in the isolated preparation there was always a significant increase in the force, and in its rate of rise with interval in some cases. Adrenaline had a variable accelerating effect on the time course of this mechanical restitution in isolated papillary muscles, but no effect in the dog preparation. In the isolated preparation adrenaline also slowed the decay in potentiation of the two beats immediately following the premature contraction. A slope of the relationship between the contractility of the second potentiated beat and that of the first was thus increased. This difference was not apparent in the intact preparation.The speeding up of mechanical restitution by adrenaline may be interpreted as reflecting the time course of reavailability of contractile activator. The slope of the relationship of contractility to that of the previous beat during the decay of postextrasystolic potentiation may be interpreted as the recirculation fraction of contractile activator; this is increased by adrenaline. However, in addition, adrenaline exerts an inotropic effect by another mechanism.
Setting Priorities in Child Health Research Investments for South Africa
Authors: Mark Tomlinson, Mickey Chopra, David Sanders, Debbie Bradshaw, Michael Hendricks, David Greenfield, Robert E Black, Shams El Arifeen, Igor Rudan
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

CITATION: Tomlinson, M., et al. 2007. Setting priorities in child health research investments for South Africa. PLoS Medicine, 4(8): 1293-1298, doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040259.
EXPERIMENTAL CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER
Authors: Richard M. Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1906)

The reparative process which follows the wide spread necrosis of the dog's liver caused by the injection of haemagglutinative serum constitutes a chronic interstitial hepatitis of definite and constant character. This is not only a new type of experimental hepatic lesion, but is more definitely a cirrhosis than is any other experimental lesion hitherto described. It is of importance in explaining the histogenesis of cirrhosis, and incidentally various repair processes in the liver; but it does not aid in the elucidation of the etiology of cirrhosis in man, nor does it explain the peculiar arrangement of the new connective tissue in any form of human cirrhosis except possibly that associated with chronic passive congestion. It definitely demonstrates, however, that cirrhosis may follow extensive primary destructive lesions, a view not yet fully accepted, and supports the contention of Kretz that cirrhosis is essentially a reparative process.
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3α Is Expressed at Inflamed Epithelial Surfaces and Is the Most Potent Chemokine Known in Attracting Langerhans Cell Precursors
Authors: Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean, Catherine Massacrier, Bernhard Homey, Béatrice Vanbervliet, Jean-Jacques Pin, Alain Vicari, Serge Lebecque, Colette Dezutter-Dambuyant, Daniel Schmitt, Albert Zlotnik, Christophe Caux
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Dendritic cells (DCs) form a network comprising different populations that initiate and differentially regulate immune responses. Langerhans cells (LCs) represent a unique population of DCs colonizing epithelium, and we present here observations suggesting that macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α plays a central role in LC precursor recruitment into the epithelium during inflammation. (a) Among DC populations, MIP-3α was the most potent chemokine inducing the selective migration of in vitro–generated CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell–derived LC precursors and skin LCs in accordance with the restricted MIP-3α receptor (CC chemokine receptor 6) expression to these cells. (b) MIP-3α was mainly produced by epithelial cells, and the migration of LC precursors induced by the supernatant of activated skin keratinocytes was completely blocked with an antibody against MIP-3α. (c) In vivo, MIP-3α was selectively produced at sites of inflammation as illustrated in tonsils and lesional psoriatic skin where MIP-3α upregulation appeared associated with an increase in LC turnover. (d) Finally, the secretion of MIP-3α was strongly upregulated by cells of epithelial origin after inflammatory stimuli (interleukin 1β plus tumor necrosis factor α) or T cell signals. Results of this study suggest a major role of MIP-3α in epithelial colonization by LCs under inflammatory conditions and immune disorders, and might open new ways to control epithelial immunity.
In the Mind of the Market: Theory of Mind Biases Value Computation during Financial Bubbles
Authors: Benedetto De Martino, John P. O’Doherty, Debajyoti Ray, Peter Bossaerts, Colin Camerer
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Highlights•Theory of mind can be maladaptive in complex institutions like financial markets•Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex biases signals in ventromedial prefrontal cortex•Both regions compute financial metric signals•Incorporating inferences about the intentions of others could lead to market bubblesSummaryThe ability to infer intentions of other agents, called theory of mind (ToM), confers strong advantages for individuals in social situations. Here, we show that ToM can also be maladaptive when people interact with complex modern institutions like financial markets. We tested participants who were investing in an experimental bubble market, a situation in which the price of an asset is much higher than its underlying fundamental value. We describe a mechanism by which social signals computed in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex affect value computations in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, thereby increasing an individual's propensity to 'ride' financial bubbles and lose money. These regions compute a financial metric that signals variations in order flow intensity, prompting inference about other traders' intentions. Our results suggest that incorporating inferences about the intentions of others when making value judgments in a complex financial market could lead to the formation of market bubbles.
CKD Accelerates Development of Neointimal Hyperplasia in Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Taku Kokubo, Noriyuki Ishikawa, Hisashi Uchida, Sara E. Chasnoff, Xun Xie, Suresh Mathew, Keith A. Hruska, Eric T. Choi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Arteriovenous (AV) access failure resulting from venous neointimal hyperplasia is a major cause of morbidity in patients with ESRD. To understand the role of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the development of neointimal hyperplasia, we created AV fistulae (common carotid artery to jugular vein in an end-to-side anastomosis) in mice with or without CKD (renal ablation or sham operation). At 2 and 3 wk after operation, neointimal hyperplasia at the site of the AV anastomosis increased 2-fold in animals with CKD compared with controls, but cellular proliferation in the neointimal hyperplastic lesions did not significantly differ between the groups, suggesting that the enhanced neointimal hyperplasia in the setting of CKD may be secondary to a migratory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In ex vivo migration assays, aortic VSMC harvested from mice with CKD migrated significantly greater than VSMC harvested from control mice. Moreover, animals with CKD had higher serum levels of osteopontin, which stimulates VSMC migration. When we treated animals with bone morphogenic protein-7, which promotes VSMC differentiation, before creation of the AV anastomosis, the effect of CKD on the development of neointimal hyperplasia was eliminated. In summary, CKD accelerates development of neointimal hyperplasia at the anastomotic site of an AV fistula, and administration of bone morphogenic protein-7 neutralizes this effect.
Bahama International Conference on Burns
Authors: John L. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The 15 participants in this symposium came from France, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Six of the 13 chapters are primarily clinical in nature; the rest deal with some recent experimental developments. At the end of each chapter a verbatim discussion is presented. An outstanding chapter on surgical treatment of full-thickness burns was written by Tord Skoog of Sweden. This 38-page thesis is a condensation of his longer monograph and subsequent book on burns, published in 1963. Photographs of patients before, during, and after operative procedures complement the text and attest to the skill of this meticulous surgeon. His methodical approach to the problems of attaining earliest possible closure of burn wounds by skin grafting deserves detailed attention. This chapter also presents reconstructive procedures for correction of late deformities. Other clinical chapters present résumés of current concepts on pulmonary complications, treatment of burn shock, infection and the
Hematopoietic stem cell development requires transient Wnt/β-catenin activity
Authors: Cristina Ruiz-Herguido, Jordi Guiu, Teresa D'Altri, Julia Inglés-Esteve, Elaine Dzierzak, Lluis Espinosa, Anna Bigas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Understanding how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generated and the signals that control this process is a crucial issue for regenerative medicine applications that require in vitro production of HSC. HSCs emerge during embryonic life from an endothelial-like cell population that resides in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. We show here that β-catenin is nuclear and active in few endothelial nonhematopoietic cells closely associated with the emerging hematopoietic clusters of the embryonic aorta during mouse development. Importantly, Wnt/β-catenin activity is transiently required in the AGM to generate long-term HSCs and to produce hematopoietic cells in vitro from AGM endothelial precursors. Genetic deletion of β-catenin from the embryonic endothelium stage (using VE-cadherin–Cre recombinase), but not from embryonic hematopoietic cells (using Vav1-Cre), precludes progression of mutant cells toward the hematopoietic lineage; however, these mutant cells still contribute to the adult endothelium. Together, those findings indicate that Wnt/β-catenin activity is needed for the emergence but not the maintenance of HSCs in mouse embryos.
HOMOGRAFT IMMUNITY IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Jonathan T. Lanman, Llewellyn Herod, Senih Fikrig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

The effect of homograft sensitization of a mother against her fetuses has been studied. A female rabbit was repeatedly grafted from both members of a breeding pair. Their offspring should and do become objects of homograft sensitization induced in the female by grafts from the parents. After sensitization was established, fertilized ova were transplanted from the breeding pair to the sensitized female. At the same operation, an equal number of eggs was also transplanted to the same recipient from another breeding pair against which no sensitization had been induced. In 16 such families, the survival rates for offspring born of each type of egg were found to be almost identical, indicating that homograft sensitization in the mother directed against her fetuses did not demonstrably harm them.
Endogastric capsule for E-cadherin gene (CDH1) promoter hypermethylation assessment in DNA from gastric juice of diffuse gastric cancer patients
Authors: P. Muretto, A. Ruzzo, F. Pizzagalli, F. Graziano, P. Maltese, C. Zingaretti, E. Berselli, N. Donnarumma, M. Magnani
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
The association between N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and lipoprotein particle concentration plateaus at higher N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide values: Multi-Ethnic Study on Atherosclerosis
Authors: Otto A. Sanchez, Daniel A. Duprez, Lori B. Daniels, Alan S. Maisel, James D. Otvos, Carmen A. Peralta, João A. Lima, Hossein Bahrami, David R. Jacobs
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Possible role of cytosolic free calcium concentrations in mediating insulin resistance of obesity and hyperinsulinemia.
Authors: B Draznin, K E Sussman, R H Eckel, M Kao, T Yost, N A Sherman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Insulin- and glyburide-stimulated changes in cytosolic free calcium concentrations [( Ca2+]i) were studied in gluteal adipocytes obtained from six obese women (139 +/- 3% ideal body wt) and six healthy, normal weight age- and sex-matched controls. Biopsies were performed after an overnight fast and twice (at 3 and 6 h) during an insulin infusion (40 mU/m2 per min) (euglycemic clamp). In adipocytes obtained from normal subjects before insulin infusion, insulin (10 ng/ml) increased [Ca2+]i from 146 +/- 26 nM to 391 +/- 66 nM. Similar increases were evoked by 2 microM glyburide (329 +/- 41 nM). After 3 h of insulin infusion, basal [Ca2+]i rose to 234 +/- 21 nM, but the responses to insulin and glyburide were completely abolished. In vitro insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake was reduced by insulin and glucose infusion (25% stimulation before infusion, 5.4% at 3 h, and 0.85% at 6 h of infusion). In obese patients, basal adipocyte [Ca2+]i was increased (203 +/- 14 nM, P less than 0.05 vs. normals). The [Ca2+]i response demonstrated resistance to insulin (230 +/- 23 nM) and glyburide (249 +/- 19 nM) stimulation. Continuous insulin infusion increased basal [Ca2+]i (244 +/- 24 nM) and there was no response to either insulin or glyburide at 3 and 6 h of study. Rat adipocytes were preincubated with 1-10 mM glucose and 10 ng/ml insulin for 24 h. Measurements of 2-deoxyglucose uptake demonstrated insulin resistance in these cells. Under these experimental conditions, increased levels of [Ca2+]i that were no longer responsive to insulin were demonstrated. Verapamil in the preincubation medium prevented the development of insulin resistance.