tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Revising and Assessing Axis II, Part I: Developing a Clinically and Empirically Valid Assessment Method
Authors: D Westen, J Shedler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Personality pathology is difficult to measure. Current instruments have problems with validity and rely on a direct-question format that may be inappropriate for the assessment of personality. In addition, they are designed specifically to address current DSM-IV categories and criteria, which limits their utility in making meaningful revisions of those criteria. These problems suggest the need for consideration of alternative approaches to assessing and revising axis II.This article describes the development and validation of an assessment tool designed to allow clinicians to provide detailed, clinically rich personality descriptions in a systematic and quantifiable form (the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure, or SWAP-200). A total of 797 randomly selected psychiatrists and psychologists used the SWAP-200 to describe either an actual patient or a hypothetical, prototypical patient with one of 14 personality disorders (one of the 10 DSM-IV axis II disorders or one of four disorders included in the appendix or in DSM-III-R) or a healthy, high-functioning patient.The data yielded aggregated descriptions of actual patients in each diagnostic category (N = 530) as well as aggregated descriptions of hypothetical, prototypical patients (N = 267). SWAP-200 descriptions of patients with personality disorders showed high convergent and discriminant validity on a variety of criteria. The diagnostic procedure lends itself to both categorical and dimensional personality disorder diagnoses. Descriptions of individual patients resemble MMPI profiles, based on the degree of match between the patient's profile and a criterion group, except that they are based on clinician observation rather than self-report.The SWAP-200 represents an approach to the measurement and classification of personality disorders that has potential for refining axis II categories and criteria empirically in ways that are both psychometrically and clinically sound.
Effect of Graded Reduction of Umbilical Blood Flow on Right and Left Ventricular Outputs in the Fetal Lamb
Authors: JAMES W. GOODWIN, WILLIAM A. MAHON, DAVID W. J. REID
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Right and left ventricular outputs were measured by a dye dilution technique in fetal lambs before and during graded reduction of umbilical blood flow by constriction of the abdominal portion of the umbilical vein. P o 2 , P co 2 and pH were measured on blood samples taken from the carotid artery and the ductus arteriosus. Oxygen saturation values were estimated from oxygen dissociation curves for fetal lambs' blood. With slight constriction of the umbilical vein, both ventricular outputs fell, but there was no significant difference between them for umbilical flows exceeding 150 ml/kg per min. With further reduction of umbilical flow, the output of the right ventricle fell more than that of the left. When flow was reduced to less than 120 ml/kg per min, right ventricular output was significantly higher than that of the left ( P &lt;0.001). Oxygen saturation of blood from both the carotid artery and the ductus arteriosus fell with reduction of umbilical flow, but the difference between these values was not significantly altered. These observations show that major reduction of venous return may change the proportion in which various blood streams mix as they pass through the fetal heart.
ASSESSMENT OF THE LEFT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT AND AORTIC VALVE AREA IN PATIENTS WITH AORTIC STENOSIS; 2-DIMENSIONAL AND 3-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Takeji Saito, Maiko Shiota, Masaki Izumo, Yoko Fukuoka, Azusa Furugen, JUN TANAKA, Kenji Harada, Swaminatha Gurudevan, Kirsten Tolstrup, Robert Siegel, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Dyssynchronous Ca <sup>2+</sup> Sparks in Myocytes From Infarcted Hearts
Authors: Sheldon E. Litwin, Dongfang Zhang, John H. B. Bridge
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The kinetics of contractions and Ca 2+ transients are slowed in myocytes from failing hearts. The mechanisms accounting for these abnormalities remain unclear. Myocardial infarction (MI) was produced by ligation of the circumflex artery in rabbits. We used confocal microscopy to record spatially resolved Ca 2+ transients during field stimulation in left ventricular (LV) myocytes from control and infarcted hearts (3 weeks). Compared with controls, Ca 2+ transients in myocytes adjacent to the infarct had lower peak amplitudes and prolonged time courses. Control myocytes showed relatively uniform changes in [Ca 2+ ] throughout the cell after electrical stimulation. In contrast, in MI myocytes [Ca 2+ ] increased inhomogeneously and localized increases in [Ca 2+ ] occurred throughout the rising and falling phases of the Ca 2+ transient. Ca 2+ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum did not differ between MI and control myocytes. Peak L-type Ca 2+ current density was reduced in MI myocytes. The macroscopic gain function was not different in control and MI myocytes when calculated as the amplitude of the Ca 2+ transient/peak I Ca . However, when calculated as the peak rate of rise of the Ca 2+ transient/peak I Ca , the gain function was modestly decreased in the MI myocytes. Application of isoproterenol (100 nmol/L) improved the synchronization of Ca 2+ release in MI myocytes at both 0.5 and 1 Hz. The poorly coordinated production of Ca 2+ sparks in myocytes from infarcted rabbit hearts likely contributes to the diminished and slowed macroscopic Ca 2+ transient. These abnormalities can be largely overcome when phosphorylation of Ca 2+ cycling proteins is enhanced by β-adrenergic stimulation.
Effects of Total-Body Digital Photography on Cancer Worry in Patients With Atypical Mole Syndrome
Authors: Molly S. Moye, Sallyann M. C. King, Zakiya P. Rice, Laura K. DeLong, Anne M. Seidler, Emir Veledar, Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski, Suephy C. Chen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Cancer worry about developing melanoma in at-risk patients may affect one's quality of life and adherence to screening. Little is known about melanoma-related worry in patients with atypical mole syndrome (AMS).To quantify levels and elucidate predictors of worry related to developing melanoma in patients with AMS and to determine whether total-body digital photography (TBDP) in pigmented lesion clinics (PLCs) reduces worry.In this pretest-posttest study, patients with AMS from PLCs at 2 academic medical centers were recruited from June 1, 2005, through October 31, 2008, to answer questions about cancer worry before and after undergoing TBDP. Questionnaires used included the new melanoma and recurrent melanoma Revised Impact of Event Scale (RIES), the Melanoma Worry Scale (MWS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Life Orientation Test.All patients underwent TBDP.Changes in the MWS and new melanoma RIES scores.A total of 138 patients completed baseline questionnaires; 108 patients (78.3%) completed questionnaires after TBDP. Baseline levels of worry were low and reduced further after TBDP. In patients with a personal history of melanoma, worry was reduced on all scales. In patients without a personal history of melanoma, only the new melanoma RIES score was significantly decreased. Predictors of baseline MWS scores include female sex, personal history of melanoma, and higher Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores, adjusted for demographics, family history of melanoma, and Life Orientation Test scores. Adjusted predictors of the baseline new melanoma RIES score were similar but also included lower educational level and did not include sex.Patients with AMS have low levels of melanoma-related worry, which is similar to data from other populations at high risk of cancers. We found that TBDP is a clinically useful tool that can be used in PLCs to help decrease worry about developing melanoma in at-risk patients.
A Subtle Role for Cd2 in T Cell Antigen Recognition
Authors: P. Anton van der Merwe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

After the demonstration almost 20 years ago that antibodies to CD2 are potent inhibitors of T cell function, this cell surface glycoprotein became one of the most intensively studied of all T cell antigens ([1][1])([2][2])([3][3]). The subsequent identification of LFA-3 (CD58) as a ligand for human
Hospital outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infection treated with ciprofloxacin
Authors: LornaJ. Willocks, Carolyn Thompson, F.X.S. Emmanuel, Judy Bligh, M.E. Jones, A.C. Scott, T. Ronald, Mary Hanson, P.A. Morrison, Aida Macleod, B. Watt, Audrey Mckenzie, J.A. Gray
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Absence of refractoriness in asthmatic subjects after exercise with warm, humid inspirate.
Authors: C K Connolly
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Absence of refractoriness in asthmatic subjects after exercise with warm, humid inspirate SiR,-That Dr AG Hahn and his colleagues demonstrated, as implied in the title of their article (June 1985;40:418-21), absence of refractoriness to exercise induced asthma after exercise with warm humid inspirate I would not dispute.Indeed, they did it most beautifully.In their other experiment, however, they did not demonstrate refractoriness in cold, dry air.They justified the conclusion of no refractoriness by the difference in response in percentage terms from two different baselines.This difference has no meaning in absolute terms, as the position of the second baseline is quite arbitrary.If one refers to the true baseline, FEV1 at complete relaxation,
Need to Intervene in Established Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Robert W. Schrier
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

An acute myocardial infarction is universally associated with some degree of residual tissue damage in the heart. There are, nevertheless, interventions, which can attenuate the degree of tissue damage with a heart attack, ( e.g. , aspirin, beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or
The Oral Insulin Sensitizer, Thiazolidinedione, Increases Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Tsuneharu Baba, Koichi Shimada, Sabine Neugebauer, Daishiro Yamada, Shigeatsu Hashimoto, Tsuyoshi Watanabe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Thiazolidinediones, insulin sensitizers, are widely used for the treatment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. One of the adverse effects is fluid retention. We evaluated the effect of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, on plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in comparison with that of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients. A 4-week administration of pioglitazone significantly increased plasma VEGF levels, whereas levels were unchanged by metformin. The results suggest that thiazolidinediones may increase plasma VEGF levels, possibly one of the causes of the drug-induced fluid retention and edema. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia caused by increased insulin resistance with or without decreased insulin secretion (1). Appropriate weight reduction and physical exercise in obese type 2 diabetic patients are useful in reducing the insulin resistance in these patients. Thiazolidinediones are a widely used class of drugs for the treatment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients (2). Two of …
Streptococcal Endophthalmitis in Pediatric Keratoprosthesis
Authors: Aleksandra V. Rachitskaya, Stavros N. Moysidis, Darlene Miller, Victor L. Perez, Michael R. Banitt, Eduardo C. Alfonso, Jean-Marie Parel, Audina M. Berrocal
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
A Survey of New Yorkers After the Sept. 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks
Authors: Lynn E DeLisi, Andrea Maurizio, Marla Yost, Carey F Papparozzi, Cindy Fulchino, Craig L Katz, Josh Altesman, Mathew Biel, Jennifer Lee, Pilar Stevens
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms among residents/workers in Manhattan 3-6 months after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.A total of 1,009 adults (516 men and 493 women) were interviewed in person throughout Manhattan. All answered questions about themselves before and after September 11 that included their emotional status.A total of 56.3% had at least one severe or two or more mild to moderate symptoms. Women reported significantly more symptoms than men. Loss of employment, residence, or family/friends correlated with greater and more severe symptoms. The most distressing experiences appeared to be painful memories and reminders; dissociation was rare. Only 26.7% of individuals with severe symptoms were obtaining treatment.Over half of the individuals had some emotional sequelae 3-6 months after September 11, but the percent was decreasing. Only a small portion of those with severe responses was seeking treatment.
Anucleate platelets generate progeny
Authors: Hansjörg Schwertz, Sarah Köster, Walter H. A. Kahr, Noemi Michetti, Bjoern F. Kraemer, David A. Weitz, Robert C. Blaylock, Larry W. Kraiss, Andreas Greinacher, Guy A. Zimmerman, Andrew S. Weyrich
Journal: Blood (2010)
Improved Systemic Delivery of Oncolytic Reovirus to Established Tumors Using Preconditioning with Cyclophosphamide-Mediated Treg Modulation and Interleukin-2
Authors: Timothy Kottke, Jill Thompson, Rosa Maria Diaz, Jose Pulido, Candice Willmon, Matt Coffey, Peter Selby, Alan Melcher, Kevin Harrington, Richard G. Vile
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: The goals of this study were (a) to investigate whether preconditioning of immunocompetent mice with PC-61-mediated regulatory T-cell (Treg) depletion and interleukin-2 (IL-2) would enhance systemic delivery of reovirus into subcutaneous tumors and (b) to test whether cyclophosphamide (CPA), which is clinically approved, could mimic PC-61 for modification of Treg activity for translation into the next generation of clinical trials for intravenous delivery of reovirus. Experimental Design: C57Bl/6 mice bearing subcutaneous B16 tumors were treated with CPA or PC-61 followed by 10 injections of low-dose IL-2. Mice were then treated with intravenous reovirus. Virus localization to tumor and other organs was measured along with tumor growth and systemic toxicity. Results: Preconditioning with PC-61 and IL-2 enhanced localization of intravenous oncolytic reovirus to tumors with significantly increased antitumor therapy compared with controls (P &amp;lt; 0.01). However, with the maximal achievable dose of reovirus, Treg modification + IL-2 was also associated with systemic toxicity. CPA (100 mg/kg) did not deplete, but did functionally inhibit, Treg. CPA also mimicked PC-61, in combination with IL-2, by inducing “hyperactivated” NK cells. Consistent with this, preconditioning with CPA + IL-2 enhanced therapy of intravenously delivered, intermediate-dose reovirus to a level indistinguishable from that induced by PC-61 + IL-2, without any detectable toxicity. Conclusion: With careful reference to ongoing clinical trials with dose escalation of reovirus alone and in combination with CPA, we propose that future clinical trials of CPA + IL-2 + reovirus will allow for both improved levels of virus delivery and increased antitumor efficacy.
A deletion mutation in the 3' end of the alpha 5(IV) collagen gene in juvenile-onset Alport syndrome.
Authors: A Saito, M Sakatsume, H Yamazaki, F Ogata, Y Hirasawa, M Arakawa
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Alport syndrome is a hereditary progressive glomerular basement membrane disorder in which juvenile-or adult-onset renal failure is often accompanied by sensorineural deafness and ocular abnormalities. Recently, mutations have been found in the type IV collagen alpha 5 chain gene in patients with X-linked Alport syndrome. This study searched for gene mutations in seven unrelated Japanese patients by the use of conventional Southern blot analysis with cDNA probes for the carboxyl-terminal noncollagenous domain that is encoded by exons 46 to 51. A deletion mutation was found in a patient who developed juvenile-onset (age 15) ESRD with typical ultrastructural glomerular basement membrane destruction and sensorineural hearing loss but no characteristic ocular abnormalities. His mother showed hematuria and proteinuria with normal renal function, suggesting that she may be the heterozygous carrier. Exon-specific polymerase chain reaction amplified the coding sequence of exon 48 but not exons 49 to 51. Analysis with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the deletion is approximately 10 kb in length and does not involve the CpG island, which is located in the 3' distal site of the gene. Identification of this novel deletion causing juvenile-type Alport syndrome would contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of renal failure progression in the syndrome.
Reduplication of the Esophagus
Authors: Maurice L. Kelley
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A 56-year-old man experienced intermittent sticking of food with increasing severity for 13 years. Dysphagia was due to a web-like narrowing at the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the esophagus, associated with a small diverticulum-like outpouching. Endoscopic dilatation and subsequent barium x-ray studies showed it to represent the origin of a complete reduplication of the esophagus. Esophagoscopic manipulation produced complete relief of dysphagia while access of swallowed radiopaque material to the reduplicated segment was transitory.
Menstrual and reproductive function after treatment with combination chemotherapy for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.
Authors: D M Gershenson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Forty patients who had been treated for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors completed a questionnaire designed to evaluate their menstrual and reproductive function. All patients met the following eligibility criteria: (1) successful treatment with combination chemotherapy, and (2) retention of a normal contralateral ovary and uterus. Median age at diagnosis was 15 years (range, 6 to 29), and median age at the time of interview was 25.5 years (range, 14 to 40). Patients had received a variety of chemotherapeutic regimens, the most common of which was a combination of vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (N = 28). Since discontinuation of chemotherapy, one patient remains premenarchal, and 27 patients have maintained regular menses. The other 12 patients have had menstrual difficulties, but in only three were the problems considered to be serious. Of the 16 patients who have attempted to become pregnant since completing chemotherapy, 11 have delivered 22 healthy infants, none of whom had major birth defects. Only one patient has had persistent problems with infertility. In summary, it appears that the majority of patients who receive combination chemotherapy for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors can anticipate normal menstrual function and a reasonable probability of having normal offspring.
Responses of renal hemodynamics and function to acute volume expansion in the conscious dog.
Authors: S P Sit, H Morita, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The renal vascular and functional responses to acute volume expansion were determined in conscious dogs with all reflexes intact, sinoaortic arterial baroreceptor denervation, arterial baroreceptor denervation plus bilateral stellectomy, and arterial baroreceptor denervation plus bilateral vagotomy. In the intact dogs, when an isotonic saline infusion increased right atrial pressure by 6 mm Hg, arterial pressure increased by 15 +/- 3 from 95 +/- 3 mm Hg (P less than 0.01) and heart rate rose from 87 +/- 4 to 135 +/- 6 beats/min (P less than 0.01), while renal blood flow rose only slightly (4 +/- 2%), and calculated renal resistance was not altered significantly. After arterial baroreceptor denervation, volume expansion with saline induced a greater rise in blood flow (16 +/- 2%), but did not alter arterial pressure, and calculated resistance fell by 19 +/- 3% from 0.72 +/- 0.05 mm Hg/ml per min (P less than 0.01), while heart rate still increased. After arterial baroreceptor denervation and either bilateral stellectomy or vagotomy, volume expansion reduced renal vascular resistance by similar amounts. When intact animals were volume expanded by 20% of estimated blood volume with isooncotic, isotonic 3% dextran in saline solution, and with renal perfusion pressure held constant, central venous pressure increased by 4.5 +/- 0.6 from 1.8 +/- 0.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.01), renal blood flow increased significantly by 16 +/- 5 ml/min (P less than 0.05) from 191 +/- 30 ml/min, while calculated renal vascular resistance decreased significantly by 0.08 +/- 0.02 from 0.62 +/- 0.09 mm Hg/ml per min (P less than 0.05). Average urine flow rate and sodium excretion 10-60 minutes after expansion increased markedly by 1.85 +/- 0.27 ml/min and 9.84 +/- 1.13 muEq/min per kg, respectively (P less than 0.01). After arterial baroreceptor denervation, volume expansion induced a similar rise in central venous pressure and renal blood flow. The diuretic and natriuretic responses were not attenuated by arterial baroreceptor denervation. After arterial baroreceptor denervation plus bilateral vagotomy, there was a significant and similar rise in renal blood flow, whereas diuretic (urine flow rate rose by only 0.50 +/- 0.10 from 0.35 +/- 0.08 ml/min) and natriuretic (sodium excretion rose by only 4.83 +/- 0.95 from 1.50 +/- 0.48 muEq/min per kg) responses were significantly attenuated (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Diagnosis and management of carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: A. Thapar, I. H. Jenkins, A. Mehta, A. H. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

#### Summary points

#### Sources and selection criteria

We search PubMed using the keywords “carotid AND athero* OR stenosis OR plaque”. Key randomised controlled trials and cohort studies were identified. We searched the Cochrane Library using the keyword “carotid”. The UK fourth national clinical guideline for stroke 2012, UK carotid endarterectomy audit round 4, European Society for Vascular Surgery carotid guidelines parts A-C, and European Society for Cardiology fifth guideline on cardiovascular disease prevention were consulted, along with relevant references from these articles.

Carotid atherosclerosis is a pathological thickening of the common or internal carotid intima, typically into focal areas known as plaques (or atheromata). Although atheromata can remain stable for many years, surface rupture of unstable (vulnerable) plaques leads to local thrombus formation, with subsequent embolisation to the ipsilateral ophthalmic, middle cerebral, or anterior cerebral artery territories. The resultant symptoms are ipsilateral amaurosis fugax or retinal infarction and contralateral body transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke. This review discusses the risk factors, clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment options for symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. All references to stenosis use consensus North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) measurements.1 All recommendations reflect current UK guidelines, unless stated otherwise.

Moderate to severe asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic stenosis is found in 2-5% …