tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profiles in Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Cancer: The Kaiser Permanente AYA Cancer Survivors Study
Authors: Chun Chao, Lanfang Xu, Smita Bhatia, Robert Cooper, Somjot Brar, F. Lennie Wong, Saro H. Armenian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

To describe the epidemiology and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer.We identified a retrospective cohort of 2-year survivors of AYA cancer who were diagnosed between the ages of 15 to 39 years (1998 to 2009) at Kaiser Permanente Southern California. A comparison group without cancer was selected and matched 10:1 to cancer survivors on the basis of age, sex, Kaiser Permanente Southern California membership, and calendar year. Patients were followed through December 31, 2012, for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke. Time-dependent Poisson regression was used to evaluate the effect that cancer survivorship had on the risk of developing CVD, adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs; ie, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), ethnicity, smoking, and overweight/obesity. Among cancer survivors, mortality risk by CVD status was examined using Cox regression.A total of 5,673 2-year survivors of AYA cancer and 57,617 comparison patients were included, representing 24,839 and 239,073 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Overall, cancer survivors had more than two-fold risk of developing CVD (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.93 to 2.93) when compared with patients without cancer; survivors of leukemia and breast cancer were at the highest risk (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 4.23; 95% CI, 1.73 to 10.31; and 3.63; 95% CI, 2.41 to 5.47, respectively) of developing CVD. Having any of the CVRFs increased the risk of CVD in cancer survivors. Cancer survivors who developed CVD had an 11-fold increased overall mortality risk (hazard ratio, 10.9; 95% CI, 8.1 to 14.8) when compared with survivors without CVD.Survivors of AYA cancer are at increased risk for developing CVD. Survival after CVD onset is compromised, and CVRFs are independent modifiers of CVD risk. These data form the basis for identifying high-risk individuals and proactive management of CVRFs.
MAPK/ERK2 phosphorylates ERG at serine 283 in leukemic cells and promotes stem cell signatures and cell proliferation
Authors: Y Huang, J A I Thoms, M L Tursky, K Knezevic, D Beck, V Chandrakanthan, S Suryani, J Olivier, A Boulton, E N Glaros, S R Thomas, R B Lock, K L MacKenzie, J H Bushweller, J W H Wong, J E Pimanda
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Marginal Benefit/Disadvantage of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Therapy After Autologous Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Children: Results of a Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Yoshifumi Kawano, Yoichi Takaue, Junichi Mimaya, Yasuo Horikoshi, Tsutomu Watanabe, Takanori Abe, Yukitoshi Shimizu, Takeji Matsushita, Atsushi Kikuta, Arata Watanabe, Asayuki Iwai, Etsuro Ito, Mikiya Endo, Nobuyuki Kodani, Shigeru Ohta, Kazuo Gushi, Hiroshi Azuma, Takao Etoh, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Koji Amano, Hiroyoshi Hattori, Haruhiko Eguchi, Yasuhiro Kuroda
Journal: Blood (1998)
Preventability and Causes of Readmissions in a National Cohort of General Medicine Patients
Authors: Andrew D. Auerbach, Sunil Kripalani, Eduard E. Vasilevskis, Neil Sehgal, Peter K. Lindenauer, Joshua P. Metlay, Grant Fletcher, Gregory W. Ruhnke, Scott A. Flanders, Christopher Kim, Mark V. Williams, Larissa Thomas, Vernon Giang, Shoshana J. Herzig, Kanan Patel, W. John Boscardin, Edmondo J. Robinson, Jeffrey L. Schnipper
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Readmission penalties have catalyzed efforts to improve care transitions, but few programs have incorporated viewpoints of patients and health care professionals to determine readmission preventability or to prioritize opportunities for care improvement.To determine preventability of readmissions and to use these estimates to prioritize areas for improvement.An observational study was conducted of 1000 general medicine patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge to 12 US academic medical centers between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2013. We surveyed patients and physicians, reviewed documentation, and performed 2-physician case review to determine preventability of and factors contributing to readmission. We used bivariable statistics to compare preventable and nonpreventable readmissions, multivariable models to identify factors associated with potential preventability, and baseline risk factor prevalence and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) to determine the proportion of readmissions affected by individual risk factors.Likelihood that a readmission could have been prevented.The study cohort comprised 1000 patients (median age was 55 years). Of these, 269 (26.9%) were considered potentially preventable. In multivariable models, factors most strongly associated with potential preventability included emergency department decision making regarding the readmission (aOR, 9.13; 95% CI, 5.23-15.95), failure to relay important information to outpatient health care professionals (aOR, 4.19; 95% CI, 2.17-8.09), discharge of patients too soon (aOR, 3.88; 95% CI, 2.44-6.17), and lack of discussions about care goals among patients with serious illnesses (aOR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.39-10.64). The most common factors associated with potentially preventable readmissions included emergency department decision making (affecting 9.0%; 95% CI, 7.1%-10.3%), inability to keep appointments after discharge (affecting 8.3%; 95% CI, 4.1%-12.0%), premature discharge from the hospital (affecting 8.7%; 95% CI, 5.8%-11.3%), and patient lack of awareness of whom to contact after discharge (affecting 6.2%; 95% CI, 3.5%-8.7%).Approximately one-quarter of readmissions are potentially preventable when assessed using multiple perspectives. High-priority areas for improvement efforts include improved communication among health care teams and between health care professionals and patients, greater attention to patients' readiness for discharge, enhanced disease monitoring, and better support for patient self-management.
Altered Virome and Bacterial Microbiome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Cynthia L. Monaco, David B. Gootenberg, Guoyan Zhao, Scott A. Handley, Musie S. Ghebremichael, Efrem S. Lim, Alex Lankowski, Megan T. Baldridge, Craig B. Wilen, Meaghan Flagg, Jason M. Norman, Brian C. Keller, Jesús Mario Luévano, David Wang, Yap Boum, Jeffrey N. Martin, Peter W. Hunt, David R. Bangsberg, Mark J. Siedner, Douglas S. Kwon, Herbert W. Virgin
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2016)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with increased intestinal translocation of microbial products and enteropathy as well as alterations in gut bacterial communities. However, whether the enteric virome contributes to this infection and resulting immunodeficiency remains unknown. We characterized the enteric virome and bacterial microbiome in a cohort of Ugandan patients, including HIV-uninfected or HIV-infected subjects and those either treated with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) or untreated. Low peripheral CD4 T cell counts were associated with an expansion of enteric adenovirus sequences and this increase was independent of ART treatment. Additionally, the enteric bacterial microbiome of patients with lower CD4 T counts exhibited reduced phylogenetic diversity and richness with specific bacteria showing differential abundance, including increases in Enterobacteriaceae, which have been associated with inflammation. Thus, immunodeficiency in progressive HIV infection is associated with alterations in the enteric virome and bacterial microbiome, which may contribute to AIDS-associated enteropathy and disease progression.
Colorectal cancer surgery in extreme elderly population.
Authors: Javier Gallego Plazas, Elena Asensio Martinez, Martin Ore, Almudena Cotes, Guillermo Ricote, Inmaculada Lozano, Mamen Ors, Alejandra Magdaleno, Jose M. Baron, Maria J Escudero, Jose M Navarro, Miguel A Morcillo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

738 Background: Colorectal cancer surgery in extreme elderly population ( ≥80 years) is a growing problem and a subject in question. Experiences and results in this scenario are limited. Methods: Medical records of patients ≥80 years old hospitalized in General Surgery Department in Vega Baja Hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2012, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) were selected. Data regarding comorbidity, treatment performed, complications, and survival were collected. Results: 95 patients (74 colon, 21 rectum) were identified: median age 83.9 years (80-93), 64.2% males. 93.7% of patients were operated on: median hospital and post-operative stay of 14.1 and 11 days, respectively; curative intention surgery 82.1%. 5.4% of patients were treated with interventionist procedures, and 2.1% of patients in a conservative way. 17.9% and 4.2% of patients came up with early and late complications, respectively. Early and late mortality occurred in 9.5% and 3.2% of patients, respectively. There was no statiscally significant association between number of comorbidities and morbi-mortality. Early complications were more frequently associated to bronchopathy (33%) or cardiopathy (25.9%), while late complications were to diabetes (15%), congnitive disorders (12.5%), and cardiopathy (7.4%). Late mortality ocurred more frequently associated to diabetes (5%) and cardiopathy (3.7%). Colon cancer was more frequently associated to early complications and early and late mortality, maybe explained with more unscheduled surgeries. By March 2014, with a median folluw up of 43.8 months, 37.9% of patients are alive free of relapse, 2.1% are alive with disease, 26.3% had died of cancer, 10.5% had died of surgery related complications, and 23.2% of patients had died of other causes. Conclusions: Certain comorbidities and not the addition of them were associated with morbidity and mortality due to CRC surgery. Personalizing CRC treatment in a extreme elderly population may result in extended survival in this increasing subgroup of patients.
Background variables for the patients with invasive bladder cancer suitable for bladder-preserving therapy
Authors: N. Miyanaga, H. Akaza, S. Hinotsu, A. Joraku, T. Oikawa, N. Sekido, K. Kawai, T. Shimazui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

15610 Background: The present study was undertaken to identify the patients suitable for bladder preservation by analysis of our previous studies. Methods: The subjects of this study were all 72 patients with T2–3N0M0 bladder cancer who underwent bladder- preserving therapy in our institute. The therapy involved intra-arterial chemotherapy with MTX and CDDP and concomitant radiotherapy. Results: Of the evaluable 70 cases, complete response was confirmed in 57 cases (81.4%). The median follow-up was 45.3 months. The 5-year cause-specific survival rate was 81 % and the 5-year overall survival rate was 66%. Based on the results of univariate analysis, variables contributing to complete response were selected. In T2 cases, tumor size of 3 cm or less was scored 0 and tumor larger than 3 cm was scored 1, while single tumor was scored 0 and multiple tumors were scored 1. In T3 cases, tumor size of 3 cm or less was scored 0 and tumor larger than 3 cm was scored 1, while G2 was scored 0 and G3 scored 1. The CR rates were 93.8% and 92.6% for total scores of 0 and 1, respectively, and 62.9% for a total score of 2 (P = 0.003; score 0 or 1 vs 2). The overall survival rate was significantly higher in the former group (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Bladder-preserving therapy can be acceptable for cases of single T2N0M0 tumor with a size of =3 cm and for T3N0M0 cases with a tumor size of =3 cm. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Broad defects in the energy metabolism of leukocytes underlie immunoparalysis in sepsis
Authors: Shih-Chin Cheng, Brendon P Scicluna, Rob J W Arts, Mark S Gresnigt, Ekta Lachmandas, Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Matthijs Kox, Ganesh R Manjeri, Jori A L Wagenaars, Olaf L Cremer, Jenneke Leentjens, Anne J van der Meer, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Marc J Bonten, Marcus J Schultz, Peter H G M Willems, Peter Pickkers, Leo A B Joosten, Tom van der Poll, Mihai G Netea
Journal: Nature Immunology (2016)
Utilité clinique d’une opacification systématique de l’œsophage pour la détection d’une perforation après dilatation pneumatique pour achalasie
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

La perforation de l’œsophage est une complication qui survient après 1 à 3 % des dilatations endoscopiques pour achalasie. La fréquence de cette complication redoutée fait qu’une opacification radiologique systématique de l’œsophage au décours du geste est parfois proposée.
Length of Stay After Childbirth in 92 Countries and Associated Factors in 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Compilation of Reported Data and a Cross-sectional Analysis from Nationally Representative Surveys
Authors: Oona M. R. Campbell, Luca Cegolon, David Macleod, Lenka Benova
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Following childbirth, women need to stay sufficiently long in health facilities to receive adequate care. Little is known about length of stay following childbirth in low- and middle-income countries or its determinants.We described length of stay after facility delivery in 92 countries. We then created a conceptual framework of the main drivers of length of stay, and explored factors associated with length of stay in 30 countries using multivariable linear regression. Finally, we used multivariable logistic regression to examine the factors associated with stays that were "too short" (<24 h for vaginal deliveries and <72 h for cesarean-section deliveries). Across countries, the mean length of stay ranged from 1.3 to 6.6 d: 0.5 to 6.2 d for singleton vaginal deliveries and 2.5 to 9.3 d for cesarean-section deliveries. The percentage of women staying too short ranged from 0.2% to 83% for vaginal deliveries and from 1% to 75% for cesarean-section deliveries. Our conceptual framework identified three broad categories of factors that influenced length of stay: need-related determinants that required an indicated extension of stay, and health-system and woman/family dimensions that were drivers of inappropriately short or long stays. The factors identified as independently important in our regression analyses included cesarean-section delivery, birthweight, multiple birth, and infant survival status. Older women and women whose infants were delivered by doctors had extended lengths of stay, as did poorer women. Reliance on factors captured in secondary data that were self-reported by women up to 5 y after a live birth was the main limitation.Length of stay after childbirth is very variable between countries. Substantial proportions of women stay too short to receive adequate postnatal care. We need to ensure that facilities have skilled birth attendants and effective elements of care, but also that women stay long enough to benefit from these. The challenge is to commit to achieving adequate lengths of stay in low- and middle-income countries, while ensuring any additional time is used to provide high-quality and respectful care.
Human intrahepatic regulatory T cells are functional, require IL‐2 from effector cells for survival, and are susceptible to Fas ligand‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: Yung‐Yi Chen, Hannah C. Jeffery, Stuart Hunter, Ricky Bhogal, Jane Birtwistle, Manjit Kaur Braitch, Sheree Roberts, Mikaela Ming, Jack Hannah, Clare Thomas, Gupse Adali, Stefan G. Hübscher, Wing‐Kin Syn, Simon Afford, Patricia F. Lalor, David H. Adams, Ye H. Oo
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Regulatory T cells (Treg ) suppress T effector cell proliferation and maintain immune homeostasis. Autoimmune liver diseases persist despite high frequencies of Treg in the liver, suggesting that the local hepatic microenvironment might affect Treg stability, survival, and function. We hypothesized that interactions between Treg and endothelial cells during recruitment and then with epithelial cells within the liver affect Treg stability, survival, and function. To model this, we explored the function of Treg after migration through human hepatic sinusoidal-endothelium (postendothelial migrated Treg [PEM Treg ]) and the effect of subsequent interactions with cholangiocytes and local proinflammatory cytokines on survival and stability of Treg . Our findings suggest that the intrahepatic microenvironment is highly enriched with proinflammatory cytokines but deficient in the Treg survival cytokine interleukin (IL)-2. Migration through endothelium into a model mimicking the inflamed liver microenvironment did not affect Treg stability; however, functional capacity was reduced. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous IL-2 enhanced PEM Treg phosphorylated STAT5 signaling compared with PEMCD8. CD4 and CD8 T cells are the main source of IL-2 in the inflamed liver. Liver-infiltrating Treg reside close to bile ducts and coculture with cholangiocytes or their supernatants induced preferential apoptosis of Treg compared with CD8 effector cells. Treg from diseased livers expressed high levels of CD95, and their apoptosis was inhibited by IL-2 or blockade of CD95.Recruitment through endothelium does not impair Treg stability, but a proinflammatory microenvironment deficient in IL-2 leads to impaired function and increased susceptibility of Treg to epithelial cell-induced Fas-mediated apoptosis. These results provide a mechanism to explain Treg dysfunction in inflamed tissues and suggest that IL-2 supplementation, particularly if used in conjunction with Treg therapy, could restore immune homeostasis in inflammatory and autoimmune liver disease. (Hepatology 2016;64:138-150).
Bioprinting: High‐Resolution Projection Microstereolithography for Patterning of Neovasculature (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 5/2016)
Authors: Ritu Raman, Basanta Bhaduri, Mustafa Mir, Artem Shkumatov, Min Kyung Lee, Gabriel Popescu, Hyunjoon Kong, Rashid Bashir
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

On page 610, R. Bashir and co-workers present a novel projection stereolithographic 3D printer capable of high-resolution patterning of living cells encapsulated within biocompatible hydrogels. Angiogenic cell-encapsulating patches fabricated using this printer can be used to encourage the growth of neovasculature on chick embryos, highlighting one of many possible biomedical applications for this 3D printing technology.
Religion promotes a love for thy neighbour: But how big is the neighbourhood?
Authors: Ryan McKay, Harvey Whitehouse
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract The term prosocial has often been taken to mean nice or neighbourly , but many acts that further in-group interests are hostile and aggressive towards out-groups. According to Norenzayan et al., religion's ability to foster social cohesion within religious groups has been a key factor in the human transition to complex societies. But what are the prospects for nonparochial “religious prosociality”?
Added sensitivity of component-resolved diagnosis in hymenoptera venom-allergic patients with elevated serum tryptase and/or mastocytosis
Authors: J. Michel, K. Brockow, U. Darsow, J. Ring, C. B. Schmidt-Weber, T. Grunwald, S. Blank, M. Ollert
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Anaphylaxis caused by hymenoptera venom allergy is associated with elevation of baseline serum tryptase (sBT) and/or mastocytosis in about 5% of patients. Up to now, no information has become available on single venom allergen sIgE reactivity and the usefulness of component-resolved approaches to diagnose this high-risk patient group. To address the component-resolved sIgE sensitization pattern and diagnostic sensitivity in hymenoptera venom-allergic patients with elevated sBT levels and/or mastocytosis, a panel of yellow jacket and honeybee venom allergens was applied on a widely used IgE immunoassay platform.Fifty-three patients with mastocytosis and/or elevated sBT tryptase level and systemic reactions to hymenoptera venoms were analyzed for their IgE reactivity to recombinant yellow jacket and honeybee venom allergens by Immulite3 g.sIgE reactivity to Ves v 1, Ves v 5, Api m 1 to Api m 4 and Api m 10 was found at a similar frequency in hymenoptera venom-allergic patients with and without elevated sBT levels and/or mastocytosis. However, the use of the recombinant allergens and a diagnostic cutoff of 0.1 kUA /L allowed the diagnosis of patients with otherwise undetectable IgE to venom extract. The diagnostic sensitivity of yellow jacket venom allergy using the combination of Ves v 1 and Ves v 5 was 100%.In high-risk patients with elevated sBT levels and/or mastocytosis, the use of molecular components and decreasing the threshold sIgE level to 0.1 kUA /L may be needed to avoid otherwise undetectable IgE to hymenoptera venom extracts in about 8% of such patients.
International, expanded access program of everolimus in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who progressed after previous vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy (VEGFr-TKI): Subanalysis from emerging growth market (EGM) countries.
Authors: Se-Hoon Lee, Suleyman Buyukberber, Yen-Chuan Ou, Jeremy David Shapiro, Ashok Panneerselvam, Ozlem Ocak Arikan, Hong-Ling Xue, Igor Rusakov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e15047 Background: Everolimus is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor shown to benefit patients with mRCC after failure of initial VEGFr-TKI therapy. In the phase 3 RECORD-1 trial, median progression-free survival was 4.9 months with everolimus and 1.9 months with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.33; P &lt; .001). REACT (RAD001 Expanded Access Clinical Trial in RCC; NCT00655252) was an open-label, expanded access program that provided everolimus before commercial availability to 1367 patients with VEGFr-TKI refractory mRCC in 34 countries. Final results of REACT were recently published (Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:324-332). Methods: The primary objective of REACT was to evaluate the long-term safety of everolimus 10 mg/day as determined by the overall incidence of grades 3 and 4 adverse events (AEs). Best overall tumor response was assessed according to RECIST 1.0. This subanalysis was conducted to assess primary and secondary end points in a subgroup of patients from 11 EGM countries: Turkey, Australia, Russia, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Results: Baseline characteristics of the EGM population (n = 243) were similar to the overall REACT population: median age, 60.0 years; clear cell histology, 95.1%; and progression on/intolerance to previous VEGFr-TKI therapy, 89.7%/16.9%. Median duration (range) of everolimus exposure was 20.4 (0.3-83.7) weeks. Clinical benefit was observed in 60.1%/53.3% of EGM patients/all patients (stable disease, 55.6%/51.6%; partial response, 4.5%/1.7%). Common grade ≥3 AEs in EGM patients/all patients included anemia (19.8%/13.4%), pneumonia (7.4%/4.2%), hyperglycemia (7.0%/5.5%), stomatitis (5.8%/5.4%), and pneumonitis (2.9%/2.7%); 13.2%/16.6% of EGM patients/all patients discontinued because of AEs. Conclusions: In patients from EGM countries, safety findings and tumor responses were consistent with the overall REACT population and with RECORD-1. Everolimus was well tolerated, with no new safety issues identified.