tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low Oncogenic Potential of Avian Endogenous RNA Tumor Virus Infection or Expression2
Authors: J. V. Motta, L. B. Crittenden, H. G. Purchase, H. A. Stone, R. L. Witter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Low Oncogenic Potential of Avian Endogenous RNA Tumor Virus Infection or Expression Get access J. V. Motta, J. V. Motta Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. B. Crittenden, L. B. Crittenden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. G. Purchase, H. G. Purchase Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. A. Stone, H. A. Stone Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Witter R. L. Witter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 55, Issue 3, September 1975, Pages 685–689, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.3.685 Published: 01 September 1975 Article history Received: 12 March 1975 Accepted: 21 May 1975 Published: 01 September 1975
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Monoclonal Antibodies for Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Eliano P. Navarese, Michalina Kolodziejczak, Dean J. Kereiakes, Udaya S. Tantry, Christopher O'Connor, Paul A. Gurbel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Monoclonal antibodies that inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) are an emerging therapy for dyslipidemia. Acute coronary events induce a dynamic increase of PCSK9 levels that may play a role in plaque vulnerability of both culprit and nonculprit coronary vessels. Growing evidence highlights a potential key role of PCSK9 antibodies in managing acute coronary syndrome. This review describes the influence of PCSK9 antibodies on plaque composition and instability, as well as the pharmacokinetic profile and the potential anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic mechanisms associated with PCSK9 inhibition that may confer benefits during the early phase of acute coronary syndrome. The authors posit a rationale for the use of PCSK9 antibodies in patients with acute coronary syndrome and highlight the need for further investigation in this area.
Junior doctors escalate action to full withdrawal of labour
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Junior doctors will withdraw all labour for 18 hours in protest against planned changes to their contract, the BMA has announced.

After a vote by the BMA Junior Doctors Committee last week,1 the association has said that industrial action scheduled for 26 April will change from 48 hour emergency care only to a full withdrawal of labour by junior doctors from 8 am to 5 pm on Tuesday 26 and Wednesday 27 April. Other doctors and staff will continue …
Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study
Authors: Mu-Hong Chen, Wen-Hsuan Lan, Ju-Wei Hsu, Kai-Lin Huang, Tung-Ping Su, Cheng-Ta Li, Wei-Chen Lin, Chia-Fen Tsai, Shih-Jen Tsai, Ying-Chiao Lee, Ying-Sheue Chen, Tai-Long Pan, Wen-Han Chang, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Ya-Mei Bai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

Studies have suggested the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)-related risk factors, such as obesity and dyslipidemia. However, the association between ASD and type 2 DM remains unknown.We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for enrolling 6,122 adolescents and young adults with ASD and 24,488 age- and sex-matched control subjects between 2002 and 2009 and monitored them until the end of 2011. Participants who developed type 2 DM during the follow-up period were identified.Adolescents (hazard ratio [HR] 2.71 [95% CI 1.64-4.48]) and young adults (HR 5.31 [95% CI 2.85-9.90]) with ASD had a higher risk of developing type 2 DM than those without ASD, after adjustment for demographic data, atypical antipsychotics use, and medical comorbidities. Sensitivity analyses after excluding first year (HR 3.03 [95% CI 2.03-4.51]) and first 3-year (HR 2.62 [95% CI 1.62-4.23]) observation periods were consistent. Short-term (HR 1.97 [95% CI 1.20-3.23]) and long-term (HR 1.64 [95% CI 1.02-2.63]) use of atypical antipsychotics were associated with a higher likelihood of subsequent type 2 DM.Adolescents and young adults with ASD were more likely to develop type 2 DM during the follow-up. In addition, those with ASD using atypical antipsychotics exhibited a high risk. Therefore, further research is necessary to investigate the common pathophysiology of ASD and type 2 DM.
A feasibility study of VcR-CVAD with maintenance rituximab for untreated mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: B. S. Kahl, C. Peterson, J. Blank, T. McFarland, M. Huie, J. Eickhoff, J. Werndli, N. Callander, T. Myers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

8062 Introduction: Novel treatment strategies are needed for Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL). We have published the results of a study using a modified R-hyperCVAD induction followed by maintenance rituximab (Kahl et al, Ann Oncol 2006). This induction strategy yielded a complete response (CR) rate of 64%. Given the promising activity of bortezomib (VELCADE R ) in relapsed MCL, we hypothesized that the incorporation of VELCADE (Vc) into the induction regimen would improve the CR rate. Methods: Eligible patients have histologically confirmed MCL, PS 0–2, and adequate end organ function. VcR-CVAD regimen: Velcade 1.3 mg/m 2 days 1 and 4, rituximab 375 mg/m 2 IV day 1, cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m 2 IV over 3 hrs q 12 hrs X 6 doses days 1–3, doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 CI over days 1–2, vincristine 2 mg IV day 3, dexamethasone 40 mg po days 1–4. The first 7 patients received a Vc dose of 1.5mg/m 2 on days 1 and 4 but this was modified to 1.3 mg/m 2 due to excessive peripheral neuropathy (PN). Cycles are repeated every 21 days for 6 cycles and all patients receive G-CSF cytokine support. Patients achieving at least a PR receive maintenance rituximab therapy. Results: Currently 15 patients are enrolled with 13 having completed the VcR-CVAD induction and two in active treatment. Patient characteristics: 11M, 4F, median age 64 (49–73), and 13/15 stage IV. Of the 13 assessable patients, one experienced PD during induction therapy and expired. The remaining 12 patients have all achieved a complete response (CR rate 92%) and are currently receiving maintenance rituximab. The major toxicities of this treatment regimen are painful PN and expected hematological toxicity. Five/seven patients at 1.5 mg/m 2 and 3/6 patients at 1.3 mg/m 2 experienced grade 3–4 PN. All PN eventually resolved to grade 1- 2 and resolved faster in the patients receiving 1.3 mg/m 2 . Conclusion: The VcR-CVAD induction has produced high overall and complete response rates (92%) in a very representative MCL patient population. A Vc dose of 1.3 mg/m 2 is better tolerated than a dose of 1.5 mg/m 2 . However, PN remains an issue and the final cohort in this feasibility study will receive a vincristine dose of 1 mg. The encouraging response rates noted in this pilot study provide the basis for ECOG protocol 1405, which will test this regimen in a cooperative group setting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, including direct oral anticoagulants: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines
Authors: Andrew M Veitch, Geoffroy Vanbiervliet, Anthony H Gershlick, Christian Boustiere, Trevor P Baglin, Lesley-Ann Smith, Franco Radaelli, Evelyn Knight, Ian M Gralnek, Cesare Hassan, Jean-Marc Dumonceau
Journal: Gut (2016)

The risk of endoscopy in patients on antithrombotics depends on the risks of procedural haemorrhage versus thrombosis due to discontinuation of therapy. <h3>P2Y12 receptor antagonists (clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor)</h3> For low-risk endoscopic procedures we recommend continuing P2Y12 receptor antagonists as single or dual antiplatelet therapy (low quality evidence, strong recommendation); For high-risk endoscopic procedures in patients at low thrombotic risk, we recommend discontinuing P2Y12 receptor antagonists five days before the procedure (moderate quality evidence, strong recommendation). In patients on dual antiplatelet therapy, we suggest continuing aspirin (low quality evidence, weak recommendation). For high-risk endoscopic procedures in patients at high thrombotic risk, we recommend continuing aspirin and liaising with a cardiologist about the risk/benefit of discontinuation of P2Y12 receptor antagonists (high quality evidence, strong recommendation). <h3>Warfarin</h3> The advice for warfarin is fundamentally unchanged from British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) 2008 guidance. <h3>Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAC)</h3> For low-risk endoscopic procedures we suggest omitting the morning dose of DOAC on the day of the procedure (very low quality evidence, weak recommendation); For high-risk endoscopic procedures, we recommend that the last dose of DOAC be taken ≥48 h before the procedure (very low quality evidence, strong recommendation). For patients on dabigatran with CrCl (or estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR) of 30–50 mL/min we recommend that the last dose of DOAC be taken 72 h before the procedure (very low quality evidence, strong recommendation). In any patient with rapidly deteriorating renal function a haematologist should be consulted (low quality evidence, strong recommendation).
Characterization of Mononuclear Blood Cell-Derived Differentiation Inducing Factors for the Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line HL-60&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: I Olsson, T Olofsson, N Mauritzon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

A search was made for physiologically produced differentiation inducing factor(s) (DIF) for the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. Mononuclear blood cells, when stimulated with various mitogens, produced DIF, which induced differentiation of HL-60 into phagocytizing nitro blue tetrazolium reducing cells with the morphologic characteristic of granulopoietic or myelomonocytic cells. Induction of differentiation occurred equally well in serum-containing and serum-free media. Protein synthesis was necessary for elaboration of DIF, which seems to be of a protein nature inasmuch as it is destroyed by proteases. Gel chromatography showed that one or two species of DIF with apparent molecular weights of 40,000 and 25,000 were produced, depending on the type of mitogen used. At least the 40,000-molecular weight DIF was distinct from the colony stimulating activity (CSA), which was produced simultaneously. Our results suggested a role of lymphocytes and/or monocytes for modulation of myelomonocytic hematopoiesis not mediated by CSA. The physiologic importance remains, however, to be demonstrated.
High-dose ketoconazole in castration-resistant, metastatic prostate cancer patients previously treated with docetaxel chemotherapy: Single institution retrospective review.
Authors: T. Talebi, M. Manoharan, M. S. Soloway, R. Singal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e15151 Background: Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients who have progressed through androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, there is no standard of care in patients who have progressed on or after treatment with docetaxel chemotherapy. Ketoconazole inhibits adrenal steroid synthesis and has shown activity in prostate cancer. This retrospective study describes our single institution experience with ketoconazole and hydrocortisone in metastatic CRPC patients. Methods: A retrospective study of metastatic CRPC patients who have progressed on or after docetaxel based chemotherapy and received treatment with ketoconazole and hydrocortisone was done. All patients had proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate and a rising PSA levels despite androgen deprivation therapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing agonist therapy and docetaxel chemotherapy. All patients received 400 mg of ketoconazole three times a day and hydrocortisone 30 mg in the morning and 10 mg in the evening. Response was defined as a decline in PSA of at least 50% from the pretreatment level and confirmed by a second PSA value 2 or more weeks later. Partial response was defined as either a stabilization of PSA or decline in PSA less than 50% from pre-treatment levels. Results: A total of 15 patients with CRPC were treated with ketoconazole and hydrocortisone. Six (40%) of the 15 patients had a greater than 50% decrease in their PSA values. One patient has been on Ketoconazole for 21 months with continued PSA response. Eight (57%) of the 14 patients experienced toxicity but there were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Conclusions: High-dose ketoconazole with hydrocortisone remains a possible choice in metastatic CRPC patients who have progressed on or after treatment with docetaxel chemotherapy. It has a fair toxicity profile, low cost, and ease of administration. Although uncommon, a durable response was observed in two of the fifteen patients in this retrospective single institution review. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
P1341 : Perform: An imaging study of arterial blood flow to liver metastases before and after selective internal radiotherapy
Authors: H.S. Winter, E. Hill, N. Syed, D. Chung, J. Franklin, J. Statham, J. Lee, N. Weir, G. Weir, E. Brown, J. Mills, S. Anthony, D. Patel, P. Boardman, E. Anderson, F. Gleeson, R. Sharma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
The development and implementation of an institution-based communication skills training program for oncologists.
Authors: P. A. Bialer, T. Gilewski, D. Kissane, T. Levin, M. N. Dickler, B. J. Park, C. Bylund
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

9128 Background: Cancer patients report significant levels of unmet communication needs. Attending to these needs is crucial for optimal care. Communication skills training (CST) programs have been shown to improve clinical communication. However, advanced CST programs in oncology have lacked institutional integration, and thus have not attended to institutional norms and cultures, the “hidden curriculum”, that may counteract explicit communication skills training. The goals of this project were to 1. Develop an evidenced-based CST curriculum; 2. Address the “hidden curriculum” through faculty development; 3. Implement the program for the institution's fellows, residents and faculty; 4. Assess the effectiveness of the program. Methods: We developed an advanced CST program, made up of nine teaching modules, at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center through systematic review of the literature which identified commonly used strategies, skills, and behaviors that enhance effective communication in the oncology setting. Training included didactic presentations and experiential small group work. Key faculty were identified to receive CST training and serve as facilitators and role models in the implementation phase. Trainees included residents, fellows, junior and senior faculty. Anonymous course evaluations and pre-post self-efficacy rated on a 5-point Likert scale were completed at the end of each module workshop. Skills uptake and behavior change were evaluated through coding of pre-post video recordings of actual and simulated patient encounters. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests. Results: Since 2006, 473 clinicians have participated in this training program. Course satisfaction was rated as Agree/Strongly agree in a range of 92%-97% for all modules. Pre-post self-efficacy significantly increased (p<.01) across modules for both attending physicians and trainees. The use of Establish the Consultation Framework and Checking communication skills were shown to significantly increase from baseline (p<.01) Conclusions: Our initial work in this area demonstrates the implementation of such a program at a major cancer center to be feasible, acceptable, and beneficial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Genetic Influence of the Rs Locus on Susceptibility to Avian Tumor Viruses. I. Neoplasms Induced by RPL12 and Three Strains of Rous Sarcoma Virus
Authors: Lyman B. Crittenden, William Okazaki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Matings producing progeny of known genotype at the Rs locus were assembled. The influence of this locus, which has a profound effect on susceptibility to the Bryan standard strain of Rous sarcoma virus (BS-RSV), on susceptibility to four other strains of avian tumor viruses was investigated. It was found that the homozygous-resistant chickens (rs rs) were also comparatively resistant to neoplasms induced by the RPL12 erythroblastosis-lymphomatosis virus inoculated intravenously into embryos. However, this locus had no detectable influence on the number of pocks or the proportion of chorioallantoic membranes showing no pocks after inoculation with the Harris, Schmidt-Ruppin, and RSV2 strains of Rous sarcoma virus. The possible relationship of antigenic makeup and genetic specificity is discussed.
Race of the Clock: Reducing Delay to Curative Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Loretta Loftus, Christine Laronga, Karen Coyne, Lynne Hildreth
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Analysis of Moffitt Cancer Center data on time from breast biopsy to first definitive surgery showed an average of 6.9 weeks, which concerned the breast program faculty members. Delays in curative surgery may impact mortality, quality of life, and time to adjuvant therapy. The purpose of this study was to analyze steps from breast biopsy to definitive breast cancer surgery and to develop proposals and strategies for improvement. Data were collected from various sources, including the tumor registry, patient appointment system, tumor board lists, and the NCCN Oncology Outcomes Database for Breast Cancer. Three phases of the surgical process were identified with regard to lead time: biopsy to first consult (BX-FC); first consult to tumor board (FC-TB); and tumor board to surgery (TB-SU). Other factors, including operating room capacity and schedules, were also evaluated. The greatest percentage of total lead time occurred in the TB-SU phase (52% vs 35% in BX-FC, and 13% in FC-TB phases). The longest average lead time, 3.6 weeks, was also in the TB-SU phase. The TB-SU time was greatest when surgery was scheduled after tumor board and if surgery required breast reconstruction. Limitation of physician capacity was a major factor in treatment delay. The Opportunity for Improvement project enabled institutional analysis of the need for quality improvement in time for curative surgery for breast cancer. A significant factor that created time delay was physician capacity. As a result, additional faculty and staff have been recruited. A new expanded facility is currently in progress that will provide more physical space and services.
Clinical implications of interleukin (IL)-10 induced by non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: H Hatanaka, Y Abe, T Kamiya, F Morino, J Nagata, T Tokunaga, Y Oshika, H Suemizu, H Kijima, T Tsuchida, H Yamazaki, H Inoue, M Nakamura, Y Ueyama
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)

The type 2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has been reported to inhibit the antitumour activity of the regional immunity against various neoplasms. Certain lung cancers produce IL-10, but the clinical significance of IL-10 expression is not well understood.We examined IL-10 and IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) mRNA expression in 82 non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were applied to evaluate the cellular localisation and the serum levels of IL-10.RT-PCR assay revealed IL-10 mRNA expression in 68 (83%) of 82 NSCLC surgical specimens (40 of 50 adenocarcinomas, 22 of 26 squamous cell carcinomas, 5 of 5 large-cell carcinomas, 1 of 1 adenosquamous-cell carcinoma). RT-PCR assay also revealed IL-10R mRNA expression in 79 cases of NSCLC (96.1%). IL-10 expression was confirmed within tumour cells by IHC. EIA showed no significant serum IL-10 elevation in the 12 NSCLC positive for IL-10 mRNA expression (0-2.99 pg/ml). The NSCLC patients with IL-10 production showed significantly poorer prognosis than those without IL-10 production (P < 0.05, Kaplan Meier, log-rank test).These results suggested that the cytoplasmic IL-10 correlated to clinical prognosis, and that IL-10 expression is a prognostic factor for NSCLC.
PWE-420 An international multi-centre survey to assess resources allocation and nutritional practices in spinal cord injury centres
Authors: S Wong, SP Hirani, D Charlton, C Taylor, E McKeown, M Saif
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is still uncertainty about the resource distribution between spinal cord injury centre (SCICs) and this may have implications to the quality of patient care.<sup>1</sup>The present study aimed to review the service provision in SCICs; to establish and compare how much time dietitians spend in direct and indirect contact with patients, and to document current nutritional screening practices. <h3>Method</h3> All 12 SCICs in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland were surveyed by questionnaire in April 2014. Data collected included the number of whole-time-equivalent staff available, whether they use of nutrition screening tools. A work sampling tool was used to capture dietetic activity for a period of one week. <h3>Results</h3> Eight (66.7%) SCICs responded (390/531 of total beds) and the average numbers (median) of patients per whole-time-equivalent staff, including consultants (18), nurses (1.3), dietitians (93.4), physiotherapists (5.9), occupational therapists (10) were recorded and comapred with previous published figures (Table 1). Six out of eight SCICs used a validated nutritional screening tool. Thirty-two work sampling tool were analysed, dietitians spend 39.1% of the working day in direct patient-related activities. Dietetic staffing levels are varied and below clinical recommendations in 6 out of 8 SCICs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The resources allocated to nutritional care in SCICs appear to be limited. This suggests malnutrition may continue to be under-recongnised and under-treated. To address the complex nutritional needs of this special population group, there is a clear need to establish staffing level for dietitians. Information collected from the present study could contribute to the supply analysis of future workforce planning exercise. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Wong S, <i>et al</i>. Spinal Cord. 2012;50:132–135 NHS England. NHS standard contract for spinal cord injuries (all ages). NHS England, Redditch. 2013. http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-366content/uploads/2013/06/d13-spinal-cord.pdf[accessed 07.02.2015]
A Study of Tobacco Carcinogenesis. XII. Epithelial Changes Induced in the Upper Respiratory Tracts of Syrian Golden Hamsters by Cigarette Smoke2
Authors: Nobutoshi Kobayashi, Dietrich Hoffmann, Ernst L. Wynder
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Four groups (25 males each) of Syrian golden hamsters were treated as follows: Group I was exposed to cigarette smoke after intratracheal instillation of 2 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA); group II was exposed to cigarette smoke without the initial dose of DMBA; group III received DMBA alone; and group IV (controls) received the vehicle alone. Hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions, mainly leukoplakic changes, developed in the upper respiratory tracts, especially in the larynx of group I hamsters, in a significantly higher incidence and earlier than in the group II anlmals. Other lesions in group I hamsters included squamous cell metaplasia of the nasal cavity, squamous cell papilloma of the oral cavity, and pharyngeal keratotic papillomas. The results demonstrated tumor-promoting and/or cocarcinogenic activity of cigarette smoke to the hamsters upper respiratory tracts.