tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sptum methylation has low specificity as diagnostic test for lung malignancy
Authors: A. M. Safar, K. Al-Khasawneh, X. Su, P. White, C.-Y. Fan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9633 Background: DNA methylation (M) is a common genomic anomaly affecting ∼ all cancers. This is detectable in sputum as a biomarker for lung cancer (LC). The objective was to determine the value of sputum methylation testing (SMT) to the diagnostic evaluation (DE) of lung masses. We reasoned that SMT could be useful in those with advanced emphysema prohibiting biopsy, or in very small lung masses. A 2nd objective was to estimate the prevalence (Pr) of sputum M in a cohort of smokers without known LC for screening (Scr) applications. Methods: Patients referred for of a ‘Lung Mass’ (LM) were approached for consent to participate (n=29). DE proceeded at the discretion of the diagnostician, and medical records were examined for a pathologic diagnosis of carcinoma (PDC). Age- and smoking-matched individuals (same decade of age, +/− 10 pack-year for smoking) who consented for participation entered the study as ‘controls’ (C) (n=29) after blinded radiologists concurred with the absence of lung mass on chest imaging (CT or CXR). For this study, we selected a panel of 8 genes (G) affected by PHM in LC (APC, p16, MGMT, hMLH1, RASSF1A, E-Cadherin, DAPK, and ATM). DNA was extracted from un-induced sputum from LM and C, and subjected to Methylation-Specific PCR to detect PHM of each G. Sensitivity (S) and specificity (Sp) of the test was calculated using 2 definition for abnormal test; methylated in ≥2- (M2), or ≥3-G (M3). Results: In LM group, 6 patients had no PDC (1 carcinoid, 1 granuloma, 2 negative tissue and 2 no bx). 13 had Squamous (Sq) LC; 4 nonSq LC and 6 Small cell LC. S and Sp of SMT are reported in Table. M in ≥1 G is noted in 75% of C. Conclusions: SMT has Sp level below that required for clinical utility. Future studies may consider quantitative methods of M detection to better separate individuals with active LC from those with smoking damaged epithelium (possibly premalignat condition). PHM in ≥ 2 Gs is detected in 39% of smokers, a finding that may assist in Scr trial design using SMT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Destruction of Hamster Ovarian Cell Cultures by Peritoneal Macrophages From Mice Treated With Corynebacterium granulosum
Authors: Ivan Baćić, Luka Milas, David J. Grdina, H. Rodney Withers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Destruction of Hamster Ovarian Cell Cultures by Peritoneal Macrophages From Mice Treated With Corynebacterium granulosum Get access Ivan Baćić, Ivan Baćić Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Luka Milas, Luka Milas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David J. Grdina, David J. Grdina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Rodney Withers H. Rodney Withers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 6, June 1974, Pages 1839–1842, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.6.1839 Published: 01 June 1974 Article history Received: 14 December 1973 Accepted: 21 February 1974 Published: 01 June 1974
The probability of a positive bone scan in patients who were treated with adrogen ablasio therapy for rising PSA after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Z. A. Dotan, K. Sathyamoorthy, F. J. Bianco, A. J. Stephenson, J. A. Eastham, P. Fearn, H. Schöder, H. I. Scher, P. T. Scardino, M. W. Kattan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

4574 Background: Physicians often order periodic bone scans to check for metastases in patients treated with androgen ablation therapy (ADT) for rising PSA (biochemical recurrence; BCR) following radical prostatectomy. However, most of these scans are negative. We studied patient characteristics to build a predictive model for a positive scan (+BS) in that setting. Methods: From our prostate cancer database we identified all patients with detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy that were treated by ADT for BCR only. There were 511 BS performed in patients treated with ADT for BCR. Among them, 151 BS were performed for patients with BCR only with out previous evidence of bone metastases (1–8 BS for patient with median of one). We analyzed the following potential predictors for a positive bone scan at the time of each bone scan: preoperative PSA, history of neoadjuvant ADT (NA-ADT), time to BCR, pathologic findings (surgical margin, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node metastases, and Gleason score), PSA before the BS (trigger PSA), PSA doubling time and time from BCR to BS. The results were incorporated into a predictive model. Results: Among the 151 BS, only 35 (23%) were positive for metastases. In multivariate analysis, only trigger PSA (P &lt; 0.001, OR 1.84) and NA-ADT (P = 0.02, OR 1.32) predicted a +BS. Probability of +BS according to PSA of 0–2, 2.1–4, 4.1–10, 10.1–20 and above 20.1 were 4.7%, 15.3%, 29.6%, 46.1% and 63.3% respectively. A nomogram was constructed for predicting the probability of +BS, and was found to have a concordance index of 0.83. Calibration of the nomogram according to bootstrap analysis showed that the nomogram is reasonably accurate. Conclusions: Trigger PSA and a history of neoadjuvant ADT were associated with a +BS. Omitting scans in low-risk patients could reduce substantially the number of scans ordered. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
De Novo Design of Skin‐Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Peptide Drugs
Authors: Stefano Menegatti, Michael Zakrewsky, Sunny Kumar, Joshua Sanchez De Oliveira, John A. Muraski, Samir Mitragotri
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Skin-penetrating peptides (SPPs) are attracting increasing attention as a non-invasive strategy for transdermal delivery of therapeutics. The identification of SPP sequences, however, currently performed by experimental screening of peptide libraries, is very laborious. Recent studies have shown that, to be effective enhancers, SPPs must possess affinity for both skin keratin and the drug of interest. We therefore developed a computational process for generating and screening virtual libraries of disulfide-cyclic peptides against keratin and cyclosporine A (CsA) to identify SPPs capable of enhancing transdermal CsA delivery. The selected sequences were experimentally tested and found to bind both CsA and keratin, as determined by mass spectrometry and affinity chromatography, and enhance transdermal permeation of CsA. Four heptameric sequences that emerged as leading candidates (ACSATLQHSCG, ACSLTVNWNCG, ACTSTGRNACG, and ACSASTNHNCG) were tested and yielded CsA permeation on par with previously identified SPP SPACE (TM) . An octameric peptide (ACNAHQARSTCG) yielded significantly higher delivery of CsA compared to heptameric SPPs. The safety profile of the selected sequences was also validated by incubation with skin keratinocytes. This method thus represents an effective procedure for the de novo design of skin-penetrating peptides for the delivery of desired therapeutic or cosmetic agents.
Defeating Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a priority for European science and society
Authors: Bengt Winblad, Philippe Amouyel, Sandrine Andrieu, Clive Ballard, Carol Brayne, Henry Brodaty, Angel Cedazo-Minguez, Bruno Dubois, David Edvardsson, Howard Feldman, Laura Fratiglioni, Giovanni B Frisoni, Serge Gauthier, Jean Georges, Caroline Graff, Khalid Iqbal, Frank Jessen, Gunilla Johansson, Linus Jönsson, Miia Kivipelto, Martin Knapp, Francesca Mangialasche, René Melis, Agneta Nordberg, Marcel Olde Rikkert, Chengxuan Qiu, Thomas P Sakmar, Philip Scheltens, Lon S Schneider, Reisa Sperling, Lars O Tjernberg, Gunhild Waldemar, Anders Wimo, Henrik Zetterberg
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2016)
Multimodal Applications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Circuit-Based Psychiatry
Authors: Joan A. Camprodon, Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Xanthohumol: A New Potential Proteasome Inhibitor That Activates the Pro-Apoptotic Arm of the Unfolded Protein Response in B-CLL Cells.
Authors: Sofie Lust, Barbara VanHoecke, Mireille Van Gele, Jerina Boelens, Jan Philippé, Petra Vincken, Marc Bracke, Martine Poelman, Fritz Offner
Journal: Blood (2007)
The miR-143/miR-145 cluster and the tumor microenvironment: unexpected roles
Authors: Maria Inês Almeida, George Adrian Calin
Journal: Genome Medicine (2016)

miR-143 and miR-145 have been widely described as tumor suppressors. Recent findings suggest these microRNAs (miRNAs) have a critical role that affects the stroma rather than epithelial cells. Understanding the part played by the miR-143/miR-145 cluster in the tumor microenvironment is essential for the development of future miRNA-related therapies.
Abstract 18286: Relative Prognostic Impact of Various Measures of Right Atrial Pressures on Survival in Patients With End Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis: Results From a Prospective Cohort of 442 Patients
Authors: Waqas Aftab, Ali Motabar, Padmini Varadarajan, Ramdas G Pai
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis (HD) are prone to heart failure (HF) because of volume excess leading to poor functioning, atrial remodeling, pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) and high mortality. Right atrial pressure (RAP) estimate helps in achieving euvolemic status or optimal dry weight. There is limited data on the best measure of RAP in this population. We compared relative prognostic values of clinically assessed jugular venous pressure (RAP-JVP), RAP estimate recommended by ASE (RAP-ASE) and a visual estimate by an expert reader from combination of inferior vena caval (IVC) and hepatic vein size, hepatic congestion and hepatic vein flow (RAP-EXP). Methods: 442 patients who underwent pre-renal transplant evaluation at our cardiology clinic were prospectively followed. Assessment of RAP by CE as elevated JVP, echo evaluation of RAP-ASE and RAP-EXP were performed on same pre or post dialysis day within a hour of each other. Quantitative evaluation of minimum (IVC min), maximum (IVC max) IVC diameters along with collapse (IV max-IVC min/IVC max) was computed following ASE guidelines independently. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard ratio were performed for outcomes assessment. Results: Baseline patient characteristics: age 57± 11 years, men 64%, DM in 68 %, CAD 30%, EF 61± 11%. Elevated RAP-JVP was noticed in 15% and RAP-EXP was high in 30% of the patients. Quantitatively, IVC max was 1.39± 0.55 cm, IVC min 0.87± 0.62 cm and mean IVC collapse 44± 29%. 14% patients had IV max of ≥ 2cm. IVC size, collapse or RAP-ASE group were not predictive of survival. However RAP-JVP (HR 2.15, 95 % CI 1.09-4.12, P = 0.03) and RAP-EXP (HR 2.25, 95 % CI of 1.21- 4.20, P = 0.01) were significant predictors of higher mortality on univariable analysis and after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, HTN, DM, LVEF and duration of dialysis. RAP-JVP and RAP-EXP better correlated with each other and HF by, left atrial pressure and PHTN than RAP-ASE. Conclusions: 1) Clinically estimated JVP and an expert assessment of RAP are equally predictive of survival in patients on HD. 2) Echo assessment of RAP by ASE guidelines is twice as sensitive as CE and its use may help achieve euvolemic status in ESRD patients.
Nuclear factor-κB pathway activation and phosphatase and tensin homolog downregulation in psoriasis
Authors: K.-K. Hong, M.-J. Gwak, J. Song, N.-I. Kim
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by epidermal hyperplasia, abnormal keratinocyte differentiation, and immune dysregulation, altered rates of programmed cell death and accelerated epidermal turnover.(1) Pathogenesis remains largely unclear, but inflammation has been proposed to alter cellular pathways involved in growth, proliferation, and survival. The NF-κB pathway is not only involved in regulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression but is also intimately linked to cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.(2) (This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.)
Prognosis and response to laser treatment of early-onset hypertrophic port-wine stains (PWS)
Authors: Thierry Passeron, Aicha Salhi, Jean-Michel Mazer, Céline Lavogiez, Juliette Mazereeuw-Hautier, Chrystèle Galliot, Anne-Marie Collet-Villette, Christine Labreze, Laurence Boon, Jean-Philippe Hardy, Virginie Fayard, Cristina Bulai Livideanu, Gérard Toubel, Gabriela Georgescou, Nathalie Gral, Aude Maza, Jean-Philippe Lacour
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2016)
Abstract 14556: Comparison of Endothelial Shear Stress and Lumen Area Measurement with CT Angiography vs Coronary Angiography/IVUS: Preliminary Results from the PREDICTION Study
Authors: Yoshiya Orita, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Ahmet U Coskun, Michail I Papafaklis, Saeko Takahashi, Masaya Tsuda, Antonios P Antoniadis, Akihiko Takahashi, Shigeru Saito, Nobuhiko Koga, Peter H Stone, Charles L Feldman
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: The PREDICTION Study demonstrated that large plaque burden and low regional endothelial shear stress (ESS), derived from coronary angiography/intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) 3D reconstr...
An Ethical Exploration of Barriers to Research on Controlled Drugs
Authors: Michael H. Andreae, Evelyn Rhodes, Tyler Bourgoise, George M. Carter, Robert S. White, Debbie Indyk, Henry Sacks, Rosamond Rhodes
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

We examine the ethical, social, and regulatory barriers that may hinder research on therapeutic potential of certain controversial controlled substances like marijuana, heroin, or ketamine. Hazards for individuals and society and potential adverse effects on communities may be good reasons for limiting access and justify careful monitoring of these substances. Overly strict regulations, fear of legal consequences, stigma associated with abuse and populations using illicit drugs, and lack of funding may, however, limit research on their considerable therapeutic potential. We review the surprisingly sparse literature and address the particular ethical concerns pertinent to research with illicit and addictive substances, such as undue inducement, informed consent, therapeutic misconception, and risk to participants, researchers, and institutions. We consider the perspectives of key research stakeholders and explore whether they may be infected with bias. We conclude by proposing an empirical research agenda to provide an evidentiary basis for ethical reasoning.
Prostaglandin E2in Induced Sputum Following Oralaspirin Challenge in Asthma Patients with and without Aspirin Hypersensitivity
Authors: Lucyna Mastalerz, Maria Ignacak, Michal Buczek, Aleksandra Cholewa, Natalia Celejewska-Wojcik, Krzysztof Wojcik, Anna Gielicz, Krzysztof Oles, Marek Sanak
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Antigen Presenting Phenotype of Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg Cells: Analysis of the HLA Class I Processing Pathway and the Effects of Interleukin-10 on Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Cell Recognition
Authors: Steven P. Lee, Christothea M. Constandinou, Wendy A. Thomas, Debbie Croom-Carter, Neil W. Blake, Paul G. Murray, John Crocker, Alan B. Rickinson
Journal: Blood (1998)
In adults without CVD, the MESA score, including coronary artery calcium, predicted 10-y risk for CHD events
Authors: Donald A. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Source Citation McClelland RL, Jorgensen NW, Budoff M, et al. 10-year coronary heart disease risk prediction using coronary artery calcium and traditional risk factors: Derivation in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) with validation in the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) study and the DHS (Dallas Heart Study). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:1643-53. 26449133
Abstract MP093: Clinical Features, Treatment Practices, and Short-term Outcomes of Patients &lt; 55 Years of Age Hospitalized with an Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events
Authors: Hamza Awad, Frederick A Anderson, Gordon FitzGerald, Joel Gore, Robert Goldberg
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Limited data are available describing the magnitude, clinical features, treatment practices, and short-term outcomes of comparatively young adults hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The objectives of this large multinational observational study, using data from the GRACE Registry, were to describe nearly decade long trends in these endpoints among adults &lt; 55 years old who were hospitalized with an ACS between 1999 and 2007. The overall proportion of young adult patients in our study population was 23% (n=15,052 of 65,119) and this proportion remained relatively constant over the study years. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of our study sample did not change significantly, whereas, the length of hospital stay declined by more than 1 day, on average, during the years under study. The overall in-hospital and 30-day multivariable adjusted case-fatality rates (CFRs) declined by approximately one-third (table) between 1999 and 2007 (crude 30-day CFR= 2.4% in 1999 and 1.7% in 2007). The use of evidence-based cardiac therapies demonstrated to improve outcomes of patients with an ACS increased significantly over time. In conclusion, improving trends in short-term outcomes of comparatively young patients hospitalized with an ACS during the nearly decade long period under study likely reflect enhanced primary and secondary prevention and treatment efforts. Odds of Dying in Younger Patients Hospitalized with an Acute Coronary Syndrome Study Period Crude Odds Ratios of In-Hospital Death Multivariable Adjusted Odds Ratios of In-Hospital Death * Crude Odds Ratios of 30-day Death Multivariable Adjusted Odds Ratios of 30-day Death * 1999-2001º 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2002-2004 0.89 (0.82-0.97) 0.83 (0.76-0.91) 0.93 (0.86-1.0) 0.83 (0.76-0.90) 2005-2007 0.74 (0.67-0.81) 0.66 (0.60-0.74) 0.74 (0.68-0.81) 0.62 (0.57-0.69) * Adjusted for age, sex, length of hospital stay, and medical history ºreferent period
Temperature-Sensitive Variants for Saturation Density and Anchorage Dependency of a Simian Virus 40-Transformed Human × Mouse Hybrid Cell LineTemperature-Sensitive Variants for Saturation Density and Anchorage Dependency of a Simian Virus 40-Transformed Human × Mouse Hybrid Cell Line2
Authors: Giovanni Rovera, James Hyland, Pen-Ming Ming
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Several variant clones temperature sensitive for some parameters of transformation from a hybrid cell line containing a stable diploid mouse genome and two human chromosomes 7 carrying an integrated defective simian virus 40 have been isolated. Like the wild-type (wt) cells, at the permissive temperature the temperature-sensitive (ts) clones grew to high saturation densities and readily formed colonies in methyl cellulose. In contrast to the wt cells, at the nonpermissive temperature they had variable but always lower saturation densities and were unable to form colonies in methyl cellulose. The fraction of cells that synthesized DNA decreased at both temperatures when the cells reached saturation density, but it represented always at least 20% of the total population. All of the ts clones so far tested had a near triploid chromosome number, contained from one to three human chromosomes 7, and were T-antigen-positive both at the permissive and non permissive temperatures. The ts clones maintained low saturation density at the nonpermissive temperature because of a decrease in the number of cells that were actively proliferating and because of the shedding of cells into the medium. Temperature downshifts and refeeding allowed for expression of the permissive phenotype. In most of the isolated clones anchorage independency was not correlated with unrestricted cell proliferation. These variant clones may provide useful systems for a better understanding of the number of interdependent pathways involved in the expression of the phenotype of a transformed cell and elucidate the molecular mechanism required for the maintenance of a normal state in a cell population.
Accuracy of phylogenetic trees estimated from DNA sequence data.
Authors: J Sourdis, C Krimbas
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

The relative merits of four different tree-making methods in obtaining the correct topology were studied by using computer simulation. The methods studied were the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), Fitch and Margoliash's (FM) method, thd distance Wagner (DW) method, and Tateno et al.'s modified Farris (MF) method. An ancestral DNA sequence was assumed to evolve into eight sequences following a given model tree. Both constant and varying rates of nucleotide substitution were considered. Once the DNA sequences for the eight extant species were obtained, phylogenetic trees were constructed by using corrected (d) and uncorrected (p) nucleotide substitutions per site. The topologies of the trees obtained were then compared with that of the model tree. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: (1) The probability of obtaining the correct rooted or unrooted tree is low unless a large number of nucleotide differences exists between different sequences. (2) When the number of nucleotide substitutions per sequence is small or moderately large, the FM, DW, and MF methods show a better performance than UPGMA in recovering the correct topology. The former group of methods is particularly good for obtaining the correct unrooted tree. (3) When the number of substitutions per sequence is large, UPGMA is at least as good as the other methods, particularly for obtaining the correct rooted tree. (4) When the rate of nucleotide substitution varies with evolutionary lineage, the FM, DW, and MF methods show a better performance in obtaining the correct topology than UPGMA, except when a rooted tree is to be produced from data with a large number of nucleotide substitutions per sequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Authors’ reply to Yamana and colleagues
Authors: Shiro Tanaka, Koji Kawakami
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We agree with Yamana and colleagues that it is impossible to rule out the effects of unmeasured confounders in our study.1 2 However, we think that the logic behind their critiques is flawed.

Firstly, they say that the model for calculating the propensity score is inadequate because the discriminatory ability, also called the C statistic, was not measured and propensity score distributions were identical …