tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term Engraftment of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells That Differentiate to Form Myogenic Cells in Dogs With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara, Hiromi Hayashita-Kinoh, Sachiko Ohshima-Hosoyama, Hironori Okada, Michiko Wada-Maeda, Akinori Nakamura, Takashi Okada, Shin'ichi Takeda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an incurable genetic disease with early mortality. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are of interest because of their ability to differentiate to form myogenic cells in situ. In the present study, methods were developed to expand cultures of MSCs and to promote the myogenic differentiation of these cells, which were then used in a new approach for the treatment of DMD. MSC cultures enriched in CD271+ cells grew better than CD271-depleted cultures. The transduction of CD271+ MSCs with MyoD caused myogenic differentiation in vitro and the formation of myotubes expressing late myogenic markers. CD271+ MSCs in the myogenic cell lineage transplanted into dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-identical dogs formed clusters of muscle-like tissue. Intra-arterial injection of the CD271+ MSCs resulted in engraftment at the site of the cardiotoxin (CTX)-injured muscle. Dogs affected by X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan (CXMDJ) treated with an intramuscular injection of CD271+ MSCs similarly developed muscle-like tissue within 8–12 weeks in the absence of immunosuppression. In the newly formed tissues, developmental myosin heavy chain (dMyHC) and dystrophin were upregulated. These findings demonstrate that a cell transplantation strategy using CD271+ MSCs may offer a promising treatment approach for patients with DMD. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an incurable genetic disease with early mortality. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are of interest because of their ability to differentiate to form myogenic cells in situ. In the present study, methods were developed to expand cultures of MSCs and to promote the myogenic differentiation of these cells, which were then used in a new approach for the treatment of DMD. MSC cultures enriched in CD271+ cells grew better than CD271-depleted cultures. The transduction of CD271+ MSCs with MyoD caused myogenic differentiation in vitro and the formation of myotubes expressing late myogenic markers. CD271+ MSCs in the myogenic cell lineage transplanted into dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-identical dogs formed clusters of muscle-like tissue. Intra-arterial injection of the CD271+ MSCs resulted in engraftment at the site of the cardiotoxin (CTX)-injured muscle. Dogs affected by X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan (CXMDJ) treated with an intramuscular injection of CD271+ MSCs similarly developed muscle-like tissue within 8–12 weeks in the absence of immunosuppression. In the newly formed tissues, developmental myosin heavy chain (dMyHC) and dystrophin were upregulated. These findings demonstrate that a cell transplantation strategy using CD271+ MSCs may offer a promising treatment approach for patients with DMD.
Pharmacokinetics of 18F-labeled trovafloxacin in normal and Escherichia coli-infected rats and rabbits studied with positron emission tomography
Authors: Alan J. Fischman, John W. Babich, Nathaniel M. Alpert, John Vincent, Robert A. Wilkinson, Ronald J. Callahan, John A. Correia, Robert H. Rubin
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1997)
Paradoxical individual differences in conditional inference
Authors: Mike Oaksford, Jo Sellen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Paradoxical individual differences, where a dysfunctional trait correlates positively with some preconceived notion of the normatively correct answer, provide compelling evidence that the wrong norm has been adopted. We have found that logical performance on conditional inference is positively correlated with schizotypy. Following Stanovich &amp; West's reasoning, we conclude that logic is not normative in conditional inference, the prototypically logical task.
Portable measurement of maximum mouth pressures
Authors: CH Hamnegard, S Wragg, D Kyroussis, R Aquilina, J Moxham, M Green
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

We have compared a small portable mouth pressure meter (MPM) to our laboratory standard (LS) pressure recording equipment in order to evaluate this new device. The mouth pressure meter measures and displays as a digital read-out peak pressure for inspiratory and expiratory efforts. It samples the signal at 16 Hz, and an integral microprocessor is programmed to determine and display the maximum pressure averaged over one second both during inspiratory and expiratory manoeuvres (PImax and PEmax, respectively). A fine bore catheter connecting the mouthpiece of the mouth pressure meter to a Validyne pressure transducer enabled simultaneous measurement of pressure, which was analysed by LabVIEW, running on a Macintosh Quadra 700 computer. We studied 13 normal subjects and 11 patients with respiratory disease. Each subject performed inspiratory and five expiratory efforts. The values displayed from the mouth pressure meter were manually recorded. The mouth pressure meter reliably and accurately measured peak pressure and maximal pressure both for inspiratory and expiratory efforts in normals and patients. The mean +/- SD difference when compared with the Validyne method was 0.19 +/- 0.12 and -0.04 +/- 0.12 kPa, for PImax and PEmax, respectively. This portable device should be useful to measure mouth pressures, not only in the routine lung function laboratory but also at the bedside and in the clinic.
Improvement in Clinical Symptoms of Scleredema Diabeticorum by Frequency-Modulated Electromagnetic Neural Stimulation: A Case Report
Authors: Alessandra Gandolfi, Andrea Pontara, Gaetano Di Terlizzi, Nathalie Rizzo, Roberto Nicoletti, Marina Scavini, Gabriella Galimberti, Emanuele Bosi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Scleredema diabeticorum is a rare complication of diabetes, characterized by diffuse induration of the skin over the neck, shoulders, and upper trunk and arms, progressively leading to limited upper body motility and impaired respiratory function (1). Etiology is unknown, and histopathological findings include thickened dermis with abundant mucin deposition among large collagen bundles. No treatment is currently available.

We report a case of scleredema diabeticorum treated with frequency-modulated electromagnetic neural stimulation (FREMS), a transcutaneous electrotherapy that proved effective and safe in the treatment of symptomatic diabetic neuropathy (2). Putative mechanisms of FREMS include enhancement of microvascular blood flow (3) and vasomotor activity mediated by smooth cells (4) and release of vascular endothelial growth factor.

In April 2012, a 55-year-old man with type 1 diabetes since age 11 presented complaining of a progressive thickening and hardening of his skin, deterioration in daily life activities …
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Alcohol-Associated Cirrhosis Awaiting Liver Transplants
Authors: Raluca Pais, Pascal Lebray, Geraldine Rousseau, Frédéric Charlotte, Ghizlaine Esselma, Eric Savier, Dominique Thabut, Marika Rudler, Daniel Eyraud, Corinne Vezinet, Jean-Michel Siksik, Jean-Christophe Vaillant, Laurent Hannoun, Thierry Poynard, Vlad Ratziu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)

Many patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis also have diabetes, obesity, or insulin resistance-mediated steatosis, but little is known about how these disorders affect the severity of liver disease. We analyzed the prevalence and prognostic implications of metabolic risk factors (MRFs) such as overweight, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis awaiting liver transplants. We performed a retrospective study of 110 patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis (77% male; mean age, 55 y; 71% with >6 mo of abstinence) who received liver transplants at a single center in Paris, France, from 2000 through 2013. We collected data on previous exposure to MRFs, steatosis (>10% in the explant), and histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC was detected in explants from 29 patients (26%). Steatosis was detected in explants from 47 patients (70% were abstinent for ≥6 mo); 50% had a history of overweight or type 2 diabetes. Fifty-two patients (47%) had a history of MRFs and therefore were at risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A higher proportion of patients with MRF had HCC than those without MRF (46% vs 9%; P < .001). A previous history of overweight or type 2 diabetes significantly increased the risk for HCC (odds ratio, 6.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.47-15.76, and odds ratio, 4.63; 95% CI, 1.87-11.47, respectively; P < .001). MRF, but not steatosis, was associated with the development of HCC (odds ratio, 11.76; 95% CI, 2.60-53; P = .001) independent of age, sex, amount of alcohol intake, or severity of liver disease. Patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis who received transplants frequently also had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. MRFs, particularly overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, significantly increase the risk of HCC.
Microneedle delivery of an M2e-TLR5 ligand fusion protein to skin confers broadly cross-protective influenza immunity
Authors: Bao-Zhong Wang, Harvinder S. Gill, Cheng He, Changbo Ou, Li Wang, Ying-Chun Wang, Hao Feng, Han Zhang, Mark R. Prausnitz, Richard W. Compans
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Health-related quality of life in small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review on reporting of methods and clinical issues in randomised controlled trials
Authors: Efstathios Zikos, Irina Ghislain, Corneel Coens, Divine E Ediebah, Elizabeth Sloan, Chantal Quinten, Michael Koller, Jan P van Meerbeeck, Hans-Henning Flechtner, Roger Stupp, Athanasios Pallis, Agnes Czimbalmos, Mirjam A G Sprangers, Andrew Bottomley
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Recurrent cholangitis in a 65-year-old man
Authors: M E Joosse, M E I Schipper, L Libbrecht, H R van Buuren, R A de Man
Journal: Gut (2014)

A 65-year-old man was referred for assessment of advanced liver disease. Seventeen years previously he had been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, and 7 years later with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). After several episodes with variceal bleeding caused by secondary biliary cirrhosis, a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) was created. Because of recurrent bacterial cholangitis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was performed, showing irregular narrowing of the intrahepatic bile ducts with saccular dilatations, findings considered compatible with PSC (figure 1). Also, a round filling defect in the common bile duct (CBD) was noted. After biliary sphincterotomy, a 6 mm polyp was removed. Histopathology review revealed a papillary adenoma with low-grade dysplasia.



Figure 1 
Cholangiography showing irregular intrahepatic bile ducts, saccular dilatations …
Effectiveness of a nurse-led intensive home-visitation programme for first-time teenage mothers (Building Blocks): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Michael Robling, Marie-Jet Bekkers, Kerry Bell, Christopher C Butler, Rebecca Cannings-John, Sue Channon, Belen Corbacho Martin, John W Gregory, Kerry Hood, Alison Kemp, Joyce Kenkre, Alan A Montgomery, Gwenllian Moody, Eleri Owen-Jones, Kate Pickett, Gerry Richardson, Zoë E S Roberts, Sarah Ronaldson, Julia Sanders, Eugena Stamuli, David Torgerson
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Heritability of Perinatal Depression and Genetic Overlap With Nonperinatal Depression
Authors: Alexander Viktorin, Samantha Meltzer-Brody, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Patrick F. Sullivan, Mikael Landén, Paul Lichtenstein, Patrik K.E. Magnusson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

The authors investigated the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on perinatal depression, and the genetic overlap between perinatal depression and nonperinatal depression.Analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling for 1) the lifetime version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in 3,427 Swedish female twins and 2) clinical diagnoses of depression separated into perinatal depression and nonperinatal depression in a Swedish population-based cohort of 580,006 sisters.In the twin study, the heritability of perinatal depression was estimated at 54% (95% CI=35%-70%), with the remaining variance attributable to nonshared environment (46%; 95% CI=31%-65%). In the sibling design, the heritability of perinatal depression was estimated at 44% (95% CI=35%-52%) and the heritability of nonperinatal depression at 32% (95% CI=24%-41%). Bivariate analysis showed that 14% of the total variance (or 33% of the genetic variance) in perinatal depression was unique for perinatal depression.The heritability of perinatal depression was estimated at 54% and 44%, respectively, in separate samples, and the heritability of nonperinatal depression at 32%. One-third of the genetic contribution was unique to perinatal depression and not shared with nonperinatal depression, suggesting only partially overlapping genetic etiologies for perinatal depression and nonperinatal depression. The authors suggest that perinatal depression constitutes a subset of depression that could be prioritized for genomic discovery efforts. The study findings have direct translational impact that can assist clinicians in the counseling of their patients regarding risk and prognosis of perinatal depression.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide after β<sub>2</sub>-agonist Inhalation and Spirometry in Asthma
Authors: PHILIP E. SILKOFF, SUGURU WAKITA, JOSE CHATKIN, KHALIL ANSARIN, CARLOS GUTIERREZ, MARLOVA CARAMORI, PATRICIA McCLEAN, ARTHUR S. SLUTSKY, NOE ZAMEL, KENNETH R. CHAPMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) is used increasingly as a surrogate marker of airway inflammation in research protocols that may incorporate standard efficacy measures, such as spirometry before and after bronchodilator, which could affect ENO measurements. In seven healthy volunteers and 11 mild asthmatic subjects, we measured ENO before and serially for 1 h after spirometry. On two additional days in the subjects with asthma, we reexamined the effect of spirometry as before, followed by the serial measurement of ENO for 1 h after two puffs of salbutamol (100 μ g/puff) by metered-dose inhaler or matching placebo. As early as 1 min after spirometry, ENO fell by 13% and 10% in the normal and asthmatic subjects, respectively. In both groups, ENO returned to baseline over 1 h. In the asthmatic subjects, salbutamol caused a significant mean increase of the order of 10 parts per billion in ENO (p < 0.001) for 1 h as compared with placebo inhaler. We conclude that spirometry and β2-agonist may perturb ENO values and recommend that studies control for these factors.
Effects of solid foods on growth of bottle-fed infants in first three months of life.
Authors: D P Davies, O P Gray, P C Elwood, C Hopkinson, S Smith
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We studied 821 infants who were bottle-fed from birth to determine whether non-milk solids begun within the first 3 monts of life affect early growth. The infants were seen seven to 10 days and three months after birth. They were divided into three groups-those who had started solids before 6 weeks of age (657 infants); those who had started solids between the ages of 6 weeks and 3 months (124 infants); and those given cow's milk formulae alone during the first three months (40 infants). The infants were weighed and measured seven to 10 days after birth and at three months. Mean weekly rates of weight and length gain over the 3 months were calculated and did not differ significantly between the three groups. As no record was made of quantities of food taken we cannot explain the failure of solid foods to affect growth. Studies of how young infants utilise these foods are needed.
Induction of p53-Dependent Senescence by the MDM2 Antagonist Nutlin-3a in Mouse Cells of Fibroblast Origin
Authors: Alejo Efeyan, Ana Ortega-Molina, Susana Velasco-Miguel, Daniel Herranz, Lyubomir T. Vassilev, Manuel Serrano
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cellular senescence is emerging as an important in vivo anticancer response elicited by multiple stresses, including currently used chemotherapeutic drugs. Nutlin-3a is a recently discovered small-molecule antagonist of the p53-destabilizing protein murine double minute-2 (MDM2) that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells with functional p53. Here, we report that nutlin-3a induces cellular senescence in murine primary fibroblasts, oncogenically transformed fibroblasts, and fibrosarcoma cell lines. No evidence of drug-induced apoptosis was observed in any case. Nutlin-induced senescence was strictly dependent on the presence of functional p53 as revealed by the fact that cells lacking p53 were completely insensitive to the drug, whereas cells lacking the tumor suppressor alternative reading frame product of the CDKN2A locus underwent irreversible cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, irreversibility was achieved in neoplastic cells faster than in their corresponding parental primary cells, suggesting that nutlin-3a and oncogenic signaling cooperate in activating p53. Our current results suggest that senescence could be a major cellular outcome of cancer therapy by antagonists of the p53-MDM2 interaction, such as nutlin-3a. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7350–7]
Dabigatran compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous transient ischaemic attack or stroke: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial
Authors: Hans-Christoph Diener, Stuart J Connolly, Michael D Ezekowitz, Lars Wallentin, Paul A Reilly, Sean Yang, Denis Xavier, Giuseppe Di Pasquale, Salim Yusuf
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2010)
Noninvasive ventilation support in treatment of pneumonia A (H1N1)
Authors: Elizaveta Vdoushkina, Galina Chernogayeva, Ludmila Povalyaeva, Elena Borodulina
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Purpose: to investigate the efficiency of treatment of viral pneumonia (CAP), influenza A (H1N1), in the intensive care unit (ICU) with the usage of noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Analysis of treatment of 45 people with CAP influenza A (H1N1) in the ICU during the epidemic from 01.02.2013 to 01.04.2013 was prepared. Respiratory support with usage of NIV was carried out by a device BiPAP Vision through nasopharynx mask (patent No. : 126941 ) and CPAP mode under control of blood gas, pulse oximetry and capnography dynamic.  Results: 35 men and 10 women were explored. Age is from 28 to 71 years. All had fever, marked weakness, breath rate 32-40 per.min., reduced to 76 % saturation were identified. In state of infectious-toxic shock with blood pressure reduction to 70/40 mm Hg, in psychomotor excitation or confused conscious 33% (15) were received. All had bilateral lung damage with presence of infiltrates in lower divisions, which in 2-3 days become total with radiological signs of respiratory distress syndrome. All were carried out with different NIV ventilation modes. Stabilization of general condition and achievement of better arterial blood gas saturation were managed within 12-18 hours. Patients received in critical terminal condition (7) were carried out by mechanical ventilation from 5 to 23 days followed by a tracheostomy, but 6 of them died. Sent out with improvement 39 people, mortality had got 13.3%. Conclusions: the developed algorithm for the management of patients with viral pneumonia Influenza A (H1N1) in the intensive care unit with the usage of NIV led to mortality decrease, efficiency of treatment increase.
Prognostic Value of Minimal Residual Disease Quantification Before Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Relapsed Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: The ALL-REZ BFM Study Group
Authors: Peter Bader, Hermann Kreyenberg, Günter H.R. Henze, Cornelia Eckert, Miriam Reising, Andre Willasch, Andrea Barth, Arndt Borkhardt, Christina Peters, Rupert Handgretinger, Karl-Walter Sykora, Wolfgang Holter, Hartmut Kabisch, Thomas Klingebiel, Arend von Stackelberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Minimal residual disease (MRD) before allogeneic stem-cell transplantation was shown to predict outcome in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in retrospective analysis. To verify this, the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Relapse Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (ALL-REZ BFM) Study Group conducted a prospective trial.Between March 1999 and July 2005, 91 children with relapsed ALL treated according to the ALL-REZ BFM 96 or 2002 protocols and receiving stem-cell transplantation in >or= second remission were enrolled. MRD quantification was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements.Probability of event-free survival (pEFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) in 45 patients with MRD >or= 10(-4) leukemic cells was 0.27 and 0.57 compared with 0.60 and 0.13 in 46 patients with MRD less than 10(-4) leukemic cells (EFS, P = .004; CIR, P < .001). Intermediate-risk patients (strategic group S1) with MRD >or= 10(-4) leukemic cells (n = 14) had a pEFS of 0.20 and CIR of 0.73, whereas patients with MRD less than 10(-4) leukemic cells (n = 21) had a pEFS of 0.68 and CIR of 0.09 (EFS, P = .020; CIR, P < .001). High-risk patients (S3/4, third complete remission) who received transplantation with an MRD load of less than 10(-4) leukemic cells (n = 25) showed a pEFS and CRI of 0.53 and 0.18, respectively. In contrast, pEFS and CRI were 0.30 and 0.50 in patients who received transplantation with an MRD load of >or= 10(-4) leukemic cells. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed MRD as the only independent parameter predictive for EFS (P = .006).MRD is an important predictor for post-transplantation outcome. As a result, new strategies with modified stem-cell transplantation procedures will be evaluated in ALL-BFM trials.
Cecil Peter Royall
Authors: O O'Toole
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Dunstable, Bedfordshire (b 1927; q Charing Cross Hospital, London, 1954), died from complications following an operation for an aneurysm on 6 September 2001.

Peter Royall became a general practitioner in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, in 1962 and in 1976 took his personal list of names (3500 patients) to start his own practice. When he retired in 1992, there were 20 members of staff in the practice and 7200 patients. Having retired to Wiltshire, he entered wholeheartedly into village life, gardening and looking after his two dogs. He leaves a wife, Mary; three children; and three grandsons.