tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Outpatient Commitment on Victimization of People With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Virginia Aldigé Hiday, Marvin S Swartz, Jeffrey W Swanson, Randy Borum, H Ryan Wagner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The authors’ goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of outpatient commitment in reducing victimization among people with severe mental illness. METHOD: One hundred eighty-four involuntarily hospitalized patients were randomly assigned to be released (N=99) or to continue under outpatient commitment (N=85) after hospital discharge. An additional group of patients with a recent history of serious violent behavior (N=39) was nonrandomly assigned to at least a brief period of outpatient commitment following hospital disharge. All three groups were followed for 1 year, and case management services plus additional outpatient treatment were provided to all subjects. Outcome data were based on interviews with the patients and informants as well as service records. RESULTS: Subjects who were ordered to outpatient commitment were less likely to be criminally victimized than those who were released without outpatient commitment. Multivariate analysis indicated that each additional day of outpatient commitment reduced the risk of criminal victimization and that outpatient commitment had its effect through improved medication adherence, reduced substance use or abuse, and fewer violent incidents. CONCLUSIONS: Protection from criminal victimization appears to be a positive, unintended consequence of outpatient commitment.
Biochemistry of Neurotransmitter Release
Authors: Regis B. Kelly, James W. Deutsch, Steven S. Carlson, John A. Wagner
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1979)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Recurrence and Progression of Disease in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: From Epidemiology to Treatment Strategy
Authors: Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Maximilian Burger, Yair Lotan, Eduardo Solsona, Christian G. Stief, Richard J. Sylvester, J. Alfred Witjes, Alexandre R. Zlotta
Journal: European Urology (2009)
The Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Sivas, Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Levent Özdemir, Saniye Topçu, Işılay Nadir, Naim Nur, Seher Arslan, Haldun Sümer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to determine type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) prevalence in Sivas, Turkey. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city center of Sivas. The study population of 771 subjects was selected by the cluster sampling method from 115,998 individuals aged ≥30 years. Participants with fasting venous plasma glucose concentrations &amp;lt;100 mg/dl were classified as “normal.” Diabetes was diagnosed in participants if they had fasting blood glucose levels ≥126 mg/dl. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in subjects with fasting blood glucose levels ≥100 mg/dl and &amp;lt;126 mg/dl. RESULTS—According to the fasting blood glucose levels of the 771 subjects, 44 (5.7%) had diabetes. OGTTs were performed in 80 (10.4%) subjects. According to OGTT results, there were 5 subjects with diabetes, 20 subjects with IGT (2.6%), and 55 subjects with IFG (7.1%). The combined prevalence of IFG and IGT was 9.7%. After OGTT, the total number of diabetic subjects was determined to be 49 (6.4%). Twenty-four (3.1%) of the subjects had a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Multivariate analyses showed that age, sex, hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, and family history of diabetes were risk factors for type 2 diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—Diabetes incidence increases with changes in dietary habits and lifestyle. Education is particularly important for public health, as the community may then have required knowledge about the disease and its risk factors.
Chronic cutaneous lichenoid graft-versus-host disease at the area of herpes zoster infection and at a vaccination site
Authors: I. Palacios-Alvarez, A. Santos-Briz, C. Jorge-Finnigan, J Cañueto, E. Fernandez-López, C. Roman-Curto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplant and haematopoietic cell transplantation, but it is rarely presented as a Wolf's isotopic response. We report a patient who developed chronic lichenoid GVHD following the dermatomes previously affected by varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. Nineteen months later, the same patient suffered from reactivation of GVHD at the injection site of an influenza vaccination. We review the literature concerning GVHD appearing after VZV infection and discuss the possible implications of this case and the pathogenic hypotheses.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Ten-Year Incidence of Chagas Cardiomyopathy Among Asymptomatic, <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> –Seropositive Former Blood Donors”
Authors: Ester C. Sabino, Antonio L. Ribeiro, Vera M.C. Salemi, Barbara M. Ianni, Luciano Nastari, Fabio Fernandes, Claudia Di Lorenzo Oliveira, Andre P. Antunes, Marcia M. Menezes, Giuseppina M. Patavino, Ligia Capuani, Cesar de Almeida-Neto, Vandana Sachdev, Danielle M. Carrick, David Wright, Katherine Kavounis, Thelma T. Gonzalez, Brian Custer, Michael P. Busch, Edward L. Murphy, Anna-Barbara Carneiro-Proietti
Journal: Circulation (2013)
BMPR2 germline mutations in pulmonary hypertension associated with fenfluramine derivatives
Authors: M. Humbert, Z. Deng, G. Simonneau, R.J. Barst, O. Sitbon, M. Wolf, N. Cuervo, K.J. Moore, S.E. Hodge, J.A. Knowles, J.H. Morse
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

This study investigated whether patients developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) after exposure to the appetite suppressants fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine have mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene, as reported in primary pulmonary hypertension. BMPR2 was examined for mutations in 33 unrelated patients with sporadic PAH, and in two sisters with PAH, all of whom had taken fenfluramine derivatives, as well as in 130 normal controls. The PAH patients also underwent cardiac catheterisation and body mass determinations. Three BMPR2 mutations predicting changes in the primary structure of the BMPR-II protein were found in three of the 33 unrelated patients (9%), and a fourth mutation was found in the two sisters. No BMPR2 mutations were identified in the 130 normal controls. This difference in frequency was statistically significant. Moreover, the mutation-positive patients had a somewhat shorter duration of fenfluramine exposure before illness than the mutation-negative patients, a difference that was statistically significant when the two sisters were included in the analysis. In conclusion, the present authors have detected bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 mutations that appear to be rare in the general population but may combine with exposure to fenfluramine derivatives to greatly increase the risk of developing severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.
The PfAlba1 RNA-binding protein is an important regulator of translational timing in Plasmodium falciparum blood stages
Authors: Shruthi Sridhar Vembar, Cameron Ross Macpherson, Odile Sismeiro, Jean-Yves Coppée, Artur Scherf
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

Transcriptome-wide ribosome occupancy studies have suggested that during the intra-erythrocytic lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum, select mRNAs are post-transcriptionally regulated. A subset of these encodes parasite virulence factors required for invading host erythrocytes, and are currently being developed as vaccine candidates. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern post-transcriptional regulation are currently unknown.We explore the previously identified DNA/RNA-binding protein PfAlba1, which localizes to multiple foci in the cytoplasm of P. falciparum trophozoites. We establish that PfAlba1 is essential for asexual proliferation, and subsequently investigate parasites overexpressing epitope-tagged PfAlba1 to identify its RNA targets and effects on mRNA homeostasis and translational regulation. Using deep sequencing of affinity-purified PfAlba1-associated RNAs, we identify 1193 transcripts that directly bind to PfAlba1 in trophozoites. For 105 such transcripts, 43 % of which are uncharacterized and 13 % of which encode erythrocyte invasion components, the steady state levels significantly change at this stage, evidencing a role for PfAlba1 in maintaining mRNA homeostasis. Additionally, we discover that binding of PfAlba1 to four erythrocyte invasion mRNAs, Rap1, RhopH3, CDPK1, and AMA1, is linked to translation repression in trophozoites whereas release of these mRNAs from a PfAlba1 complex in mature stages correlates with protein synthesis.We show that PfAlba1 binds to a sub-population of asexual stage mRNAs and fine-tunes the timing of translation. This mode of post-transcriptional regulation may be especially important for P. falciparum erythrocyte invasion components that have to be assembled into apical secretory organelles in a highly time-dependent manner towards the end of the parasite's asexual lifecycle.
Respiratory Medicine Specialist Handbook: P Dilworth, D R Baldwin. UK: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2001. pound39.50. ISBN 90 5823 077 5
Authors: T J Warke
Journal: Thorax (2002)

such duplication is entirely appropriate, as surely it is our duty as educators to disseminate information to as wide an audience as possible.Fraud in any shape or form in science is to be wholly deplored, but let us not be so zealous in its pursuit that we smear the innocent to the detriment of us all.
Injury risks associated with tackling in rugby union
Authors: Colin W Fuller, Tony Ashton, John H M Brooks, Rebecca J Cancea, John Hall, Simon P T Kemp
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Objective To examine factors associated with tackles in rugby union and to assess their impact on the risk of injury. Design Two-season (2003/2004 and 2005/2006) prospective cohort design with video analysis. Setting 13 English Premiership clubs. Participants 645 players. Main outcome measure RR (95% CI) calculated by comparing the frequency of occurrence of risk factors in a cohort of players injured during tackles with their frequency of occurrence in tackles in general play. Risk factors Playing position; player’s speed, impact force, head position, head/neck flexion and body region struck in the tackle; sequence, direction and type of tackle; and location and type of injury. Results High-speed going into the tackle, high impact force, collisions and contact with a player’s head/neck were identified as significant (p&lt;0.01) risk factors for ball carriers (BCs) and tacklers. Midfield backs were significantly (p&lt;0.01) more prone to injury when tackling than other players. Relatively few tacklers were penalised by referees for collision tackles (general play: 2.0%; injured players: 3.3%) and tackles above the line of the shoulder (general play: 5.9%; injured players: 16.7%). Conclusions Advice in national and international injury prevention programmes for reducing the risk of injury in tackles is strongly supported by the results obtained from this study. These programmes should be reviewed, however, to provide specific advice for each type of tackle. Stricter implementation of the Laws of Rugby relating to collisions and tackles above the line of the shoulder may reduce the number of head/neck injuries sustained by BCs.
Replacement of Valsartan and Candesartan by Telmisartan in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yoshitaka Miura, Naoki Yamamoto, Shin Tsunekawa, Seiko Taguchi, Yoko Eguchi, Nobuaki Ozaki, Yutaka Oiso
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely used in the treatment of hypertension and have been shown to restore impaired intracellular insulin signaling and reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes (1–3). Telmisartan has a unique property that activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) (4–6). We studied the effect of this unique property of telmisartan on insulin resistance and circulating levels of adiponectin and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.

The study comprised 18 participants with hypertensive type 2 diabetes (9 men and 9 women) aged 36–79 years (64 ± 12, …
Design of Peptide and Peptidomimetic Ligands with Novel Pharmacological Activity Profiles
Authors: Victor J. Hruby, Minying Cai
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2011)

Peptide hormones and neurotransmitters are of central importance in most aspects of intercellular communication and are involved in virtually all degenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss physicochemical approaches to the design of novel peptide and peptidomimetic agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists, and related compounds that have unique biological activity profiles, reduced toxic side effects, and, if desired, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Designing ligands for specific biological and medical needs is emphasized, as is the close collaboration of chemists and biologists to maximize the chances for success. Special emphasis is placed on the use of conformational (ϕ-ψ space) and topographical (χ space) considerations in design.
Management of venous malformations with percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation
Authors: Y. Gao, X. Wang, W. Suo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Multiple treatment options exist for venous malformations (VMs), but each treatment has its own deficiencies. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an emerging technology which may be an effective new technique for treatment of VMs.To study the effect of RFA on VMs.We reviewed patients treated with RFA for VM followed by a blinded retrospective analysis of serial photographs taken during the course of their therapy. Questionnaires were used to evaluate perceived therapeutic response and complications of this treatment.Sixteen patients with complete data and photographic documentation were involved in this study. Complete resolution (> 90%) was obtained in two patients. Significant improvement (75-90%) of the treated lesion occurred in eight patients. Moderate improvement (50-75%) was obtained in one patient and little improvement in three patients. Two patients had no response. Most VMs improved, with a mean ± SD size change score of 2·6 ± 1·3 and overall score of 5·1 ± 2·4. No serious complication was observed in any of our patients and no evidence of recurrence was observed in any case.Percutaneous RFA, as a minimally invasive and safe treatment, may provide an alternative treatment for VM and other skin diseases. There should be a randomized trial undertaken, comparing RFA with other treatments, to assess outcome.
Characteristics of immunocompetent cells in synovial membranes from multiple sites in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J G Hanly, D Pledger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The phenotypic characterization of enzymatically dissociated mononuclear cells in synovial membrane samples from multiple sites in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined by fluorescence activated flow cytometry. In synovial membrane samples from each patient there was a consistent increase in the proportion of CD8+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic), CD14+ cells (monocytes/macrophages), and HLA-DR+ cells compared with paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The proportion of CD4+ cells (helper/inducer) in synovial membrane was variable. Studies of in vitro production of IgM and IgM rheumatoid factor in one patient showed strikingly similar values for synovial membrane rheumatoid factor production at the two sites, which was enhanced compared with production in peripheral blood. These results suggest that in individual patients with RA the intra-articular immune response is comparable at multiple anatomical sites and that it is distinct from that in peripheral blood.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease * 7: Management of COPD
Authors: W MacNee
Journal: Thorax (2003)

A review of the management of COPD is presented, with particular emphasis on the effect on the approach to management of new information which has become available in the 5 years since the BTS guidelines on COPD were published. A major problem is the effective implementation of what is already known, and allocation of the resources necessary to make this available to all who might benefit.
Second Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Burkitt's Lymphoma of the CNS in a Child With Progressive Renal Failure
Authors: Rocio Hassan, Claudio Gustavo Stefanoff, Fabricio Felisbino, Mário H. M. Barros, Ilana R. Zalcberg, Claudete E. Klumb, Ricardo S. Bigni, Héctor N. Seuánez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)
Factor V Leiden and G20210A prothrombin mutation and the risk of subclavian vein thrombosis in patients with breast cancer and a central venous catheter
Authors: M. Mandalà, G. Curigliano, P. Bucciarelli, G. Ferretti, P.M. Mannucci, M. Colleoni, A. Ventura, G. Peruzzotti, G. Severi, P.G. Pelicci, R. Biffi, F. Orsi, S. Cinieri, A. Goldhirsch
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
The Imagery of Hieronymus Bosch
Authors: ALEXANDER R. LUCAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The fascinating symbolism seen in the paintings of Hieronymus Bosch has long been the object of speculation by scholars and critics. This author has attempted to elucidate the meaning of the artist's imagery by applying modern concepts of mental mechanisms to the paintings; he concludes that much of Bosch's work can be understood as the imgery of one troubled by the frightening chimeras and demons of his inner mind.
Variability in discharge instructions and activity restrictions for patients evaluated in a children's emergency department following concussion
Authors: Valerie J De Maio, Damilola O Joseph, Holly Tibbo-Valeriote, Brian Lanier, Johna Register-Mihalik
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective To describe discharge instructions given to school-aged patients evaluated in a children's emergency department (ED) following concussion. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Dedicated children's ED (Level I Trauma Center). Patients All children 6–18 years evaluated in 2008 following head trauma regardless of mechanism, identified by any of 16 ICD-9 diagnostic codes for head injury, concussion, or skull fracture (n=350). Included (n=218): presentations consistent with 2008 Zurich consensus definition for concussion. Excluded (n=132): hospital admission, death, intoxication, structural neuroimaging abnormality. Assessment of Risk Factors Age, gender, mechanism, signs/symptoms. Main Outcome Measurements Univariate and multivariate analyses determined adjusted ORs for receipt of concussion-specific discharge instructions and activity restrictions . Results Patients were mostly male (68%) with mean age 12.8 years (sd=3.4). Injury characteristics included: sport-related 42%, fall 23%, loss of consciousness (LOC) 33%, headache 75%, dizziness 29%, amnesia 25%, vomiting 19%, imaging ordered 81%. Discharge characteristics included: concussion stated in final diagnosis 31%, concussion-specific instructions 62%, activity restrictions 34% (sport-related 42%, non-sport 29%). Concussion-specific instructions were more likely for LOC (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.36) and activity restrictions more likely for amnesia (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.98) and sport-related injury (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.76). Conclusions Most children meeting diagnostic criteria for concussion were discharged without concussion-specific diagnoses or activity restrictions, even when the injury was sport-related. Given the risks associated with untimely return to both physical and cognitive activity after concussion, improved awareness and standardisation of discharge instructions is imperative for the management of these young patients in the ED. Acknowledgements We would like to confirm that none of the authors have any financial or commercial interest in this material.
Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mediastinum.
Authors: W J Morshuis, A L Cox, L K Lacquet, M Mravunac, J O Barentsz
Journal: Thorax (1990)

A malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mediastinum was successfully treated by surgery and radiotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging was able to show the site of invasion, the two different components of the tumour, and the blood supply.
Randomised controlled trials in cystic fibrosis: what, when and how?
Authors: P. D. Sly, R. S. Ware, N. de Klerk, S. M. Stick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The major morbidity and mortality from cystic fibrosis (CF) comes from progressive lung disease with bronchiectasis leading to respiratory failure. There is no doubt that survival of CF patients has increased progressively through the latter part of the 20th and the early part of the 21st centuries, and that the quality of life for patients with CF has increased substantially. However, CF still remains a serious life-shortening disease. Indeed, the most recent data from national CF registries show that the slope of survival curves 1 and the rate of loss of lung function have not changed at all, at least beyond childhood. Potential reasons for this are that CF lung disease begins in early life and that while current treatments may increase the health of children, they do little, if anything, to prevent the onset or progression of destructive lung disease, nor the inevitable onset of chronic respiratory failure.

Data from a number of sources have demonstrated that CF lung disease begins very early in life 2–6. Arguably, the best data come from the Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF), where essentially all children diagnosed with CF in a geographically defined region of Victoria and in Western Australia following detection by newborn screening are assessed soon after diagnosis and annually until 6–7 yrs of age 7. These data show that a substantial proportion of infants have evidence of pulmonary inflammation and infection at 3 months of age, even in the absence of clinically apparent lung disease 8. Structural lung disease, including bronchiectasis, is prevalent in infants and young children with CF 8–10; the major risk factors being neutrophilic inflammation, the presence of free neutrophil elastase activity in the lungs and pulmonary infection, especially with Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8, …
The Effects of Mental Health Parity on Spending and Utilization for Bipolar, Major Depression, and Adjustment Disorders
Authors: Alisa B. Busch, Frank Yoon, Colleen L. Barry, Vanessa Azzone, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Howard H. Goldman, Haiden A. Huskamp
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Total spending for patients with bipolar disorder or major depression did not change significantly after the 2001 implementation of insurance parity for mental health and substance use disorders in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. For a less severe illness, adjustment disorder, overall spending and psychotherapy visits did decline, perhaps as a result of benefit management.