tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impacts of the first year of rotavirus vaccination in the United Kingdom
Authors: Robin Marlow, Peter Muir, Barry Vipond, Mark Lyttle, Caroline Trotter, Adam Finn
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

The United Kingdom (UK) added rotavirus (RV) vaccine (Rotarix GlaxoSmithKline) to the national vaccine schedule in July 2013. During the 2012–2014 rotavirus seasons, children presenting to the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children Emergency Department with gastroenteritis symptoms had stool virology analysis (real-time PCR) and clinical outcome recorded. Nosocomial cases were identified as patients with non-gastroenteritis diagnosis testing positive for rotavirus &gt; 48h after admission. In comparison to average pre-vaccine seasons, in the first year after vaccine introduction there were 48% fewer attendances diagnosed with gastroenteritis, 53% reduction in gastroenteritis admissions and a total saving of 330 bed-days occupancy. There was an overall reduction in number of rotavirus-positive stool samples with 94% reduction in children aged under one year and a 65% reduction in those too old to have been vaccinated. In the first year after the introduction of universal vaccination against rotavirus we observed a profound reduction in gastroenteritis presentations and admissions with a substantial possible herd effect seen in older children. Extrapolating these findings to the UK population we estimate secondary healthcare savings in the first year of ca £7.5 (€10.5) million. Ongoing surveillance will be required to determine the long-term impact of the RV immunisation programme.
Skin cancer, skin lesions, and the inorganic arsenic content of well water in Huhhot, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Steven H. Lamm, Richard Wilson, Shenghan Lai, Stephen B. Tucker, F. X. Li, X. Z. He, S. D. Luo, Daniel M. Byrd
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4561  We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study of skin cancer and other skin lesions (keratoses and dyspigmentation) among 3,719 residents exposed to inorganic arsenic from drinking water from 184 wells in three villages in Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China. The study area came to the attention of medical personnel, because of an unusually high number of requests for dermatological medications. The study population received complete dermatological examinations and provided life histories of well usage. The Chinese government measured arsenic levels in a nationwide survey. Geological processes, not industrial or agricultural sources, accounted for the arsenic. Arsenic levels ranged from non-detectable ( 35% of the study population ingested well waters with peak arsenic concentrations of
BMA sets out general practice reforms to meet rising demands
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The BMA has called for a “meaningful programme of reform” to create a general practice that meets the needs of patients and attracts new graduates to the profession. Not implementing such changes “would be nothing short of a dereliction of [the government’s] duty to care for the nation’s health,” said Chaand Nagpaul, chair of the BMA’s General Practitioners Committee.

After a two year consultation with patients, doctors, and other stakeholders, the BMA said that patients want to continue to see primary healthcare delivered by GPs based in the community and not by commercial companies or by GPs based in hospitals.

The association’s blueprint for the future of general practice pours cold water over the government’s plans for a seven day …
An Additional Step Toward Personalization of Surgical Care for Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jessica S. Donington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Our understanding of early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer has evolved dramatically in the past 15 years, especially with regard to adenocarcinomas. These are no longer viewed as a homogeneous group of tumors for which prognosis is predicted primarily by size and nodal involvement. These are now recognized as a heterogeneous group of tumors with indolent and quite aggressive subtypes, with pathologic and radiologic correlates that define subsets. This evolution in our understanding began with improvements in cross-sectional imaging technology, which allowed for visualization of part-solid and ground-glass nodules (GGN). Our knowledge advanced with more widespread use of cross-sectional imaging and screening of asymptomatic patients. The histologic classification of pulmonary adenocarcinoma by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society 1 further solidified and organized our understanding of the biologic heterogeneity of adenocarcinomas of the lung. This was a tremendous collaborative effort by the Who’s Who of lung cancer experts throughout the world, and it forever changes how we view pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Within this work, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimallyinvasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) describe small (, 3 cm), solitary adenocarcinomas consisting of purely lipid growth without invasion or with an invasion of, 0.5 cm. These represent a distinct group of adenocarcinomas because numerous trials have demonstrated a complete absence of nodal involvement and 100% disease-specific survival following resection. The ability to recognize and describe these lesions with low
Optimizing Anti-EGFR Therapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ramon Salazar, Fortunato Ciardiello
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Treatment with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies has been successfully integrated in the continuum of care for metastatic colorectal cancer. The major challenge is the identification of patients who would benefit from treatment. Currently, the best predictor of efficacy is the absence of mutations in KRAS and NRAS genes. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5415-6. ©2015 AACR.See related article by Peeters et al., p. 5469.
The prevalence of actinic keratosis in patients visiting dermatologists in two hospitals in China
Authors: Y. Zhao, C.Y. Li, C.M. Wen, Y.B. Wei, R.Y. Li, G. Wang, P. Tu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Actinic keratosis (AK) is one of the most common conditions treated by dermatologists in western countries. Studies have shown that AK prevalence in Europe, the U.S.A. and Australia is 4·5–60%. No data of AK prevalence in China has been reported. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of AK in patients visiting dermatologists in two hospitals in China. This study was conducted in the dermatology departments of two teaching hospitals (Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, and Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an). All records for 5 years between 2008 and 2012 with clinically or pathologically diagnosed AKs were collected from the pathological databases of both hospitals. Data from these records were used to calculate the prevalence of AKs among patients who were seen by dermatologists in these hospitals. To estimate the reliability of data from the previous database, a cross‐sectional study was conducted simultaneously in the two hospitals from 15 October to 8 December in 2012 after all dermatologists in the two departments were retrained through intensive courses on recognizing AK clinically. The prevalence of total clinical AKs through 2008–2012 was 0·52% in 1 590 817 patient visits in the two hospitals. The yearly prevalence of clinical AKs was 0·30–1·20%. In the cross‐sectional study, 72 437 clinical patients were screened and 76 patients (1·05%) were identified to have clinically recognized AK. The overall prevalence of AKs in patients visiting dermatologists in the two hospitals in China was 0·52%, which is much lower than the prevalence in western countries.
STUDIES ON PERSISTENT INFECTIONS OF TISSUE CULTURES
Authors: Werner Henle, Gertrude Henle, Friedrich Deinhardt, Victor V. Bergs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

In previous reports of this series, it was shown that persistent infection of MCN cultures with certain myxoviruses rendered the cells insusceptible to superinfection by several cytopathogenic viruses. It was thought that production of an interferon might be the cause of this resistance and efforts to confirm this suggestion have been presented. Addition of ultraviolet-inactivated myxoviruses (mumps, Newcastle disease, influenza A, and Sendai) to MCN cultures for periods of 2 to 3 hours, followed by washing and refeeding of the cells, led to the subsequent release into the media of a substance which induced in fresh MCN cells a transitory resistance to infection by vesicular stomatitis virus, and prevented incomplete reproductive cycles of influenza A and Sendai viruses. Media containing this substance were free of detectable hemagglutinating activity and viral complement-fixing antigens. The substance was not neutralized by specific antiviral sera; it was not sedimentable by high speed centrifugation; it was not adsorbed onto red cells; but it was inactivated by trypsin. Thus, its properties matched those of the interferon described by Isaacs and his associates. A comparison of the extent of resistance induced in MCN cells by decreasing doses of ultraviolet-inactivated myxoviruses (interference test) and the protection afforded by the media removed from the cultures prior to challenge and transferred to fresh MCN tubes (interferon test) revealed that wherever interference became detectable in the cells, the media of the corresponding cultures contained some interferon. Interferon was obtained by inactivated myxoviruses also from primary cell cultures by the same techniques, but not from HeLa cells. Interferons derived from one type of culture may protect others equally well or show a certain degree of host specificity in that resistance in homologous cells may be somewhat more pronounced than in heterologous cultures. No resistance could be induced in HeLa cells by the interferon preparations employed. Interferon was detected also in MCN cultures, persistently infected with mumps virus. Its concentration was apparently too small in carrier cultures maintained as routine to be measurable. However, when the cells were grown in heavy sheets in roller bottles, and especially when the volume of medium was reduced for several days prior to harvest, interferon became readily detectable. These results strengthen the suggestion that interferon may play a decisive role in the establishment and maintenance of persistent infections in the system under study. Its nature, source, mode of action, and exact role in persistent infection remains to be elucidated.
False-Positive 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Evangelia Skoura, Kirit Ardeshna, Richard Halsey, Simon Wan, Irfan Kayani
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

We report the case of a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Six months after completion of R-CHOP, she relapsed, and 2 cycles of R-ESHAP were given, with a view to allograft transplant. One month later, 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed disease progression. Biopsy of lymph nodes showed reactive changes, without evidence of lymphoma. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody, is used for treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but its addition may result in an extensive inflammatory response. It is important to be aware of the potential for false-positive 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging after rituximab therapy. Unexpected findings should be confirmed by biopsy.
Different immune cells mediate mechanical pain hypersensitivity in male and female mice
Authors: Robert E Sorge, Josiane C S Mapplebeck, Sarah Rosen, Simon Beggs, Sarah Taves, Jessica K Alexander, Loren J Martin, Jean-Sebastien Austin, Susana G Sotocinal, Di Chen, Mu Yang, Xiang Qun Shi, Hao Huang, Nicolas J Pillon, Philip J Bilan, YuShan Tu, Amira Klip, Ru-Rong Ji, Ji Zhang, Michael W Salter, Jeffrey S Mogil
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
Identification of Novel Fusion Genes in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Andreas M. Hoff, Sharmini Alagaratnam, Sen Zhao, Jarle Bruun, Peter W. Andrews, Ragnhild A. Lothe, Rolf I. Skotheim
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequently diagnosed solid tumors in young men ages 15 to 44 years. Embryonal carcinomas (EC) comprise a subset of TGCTs that exhibit pluripotent characteristics similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells, but the genetic drivers underlying malignant transformation of ECs are unknown. To elucidate the abnormal genetic events potentially contributing to TGCT malignancy, such as the existence of fusion genes or aberrant fusion transcript expression, we performed RNA sequencing of EC cell lines and their nonmalignant ES cell line counterparts. We identified eight novel fusion transcripts and one gene with alternative promoter usage, ETV6. Four out of nine transcripts were found recurrently expressed in an extended panel of primary TGCTs and additional EC cell lines, but not in normal parenchyma of the testis, implying tumor-specific expression. Two of the recurrent transcripts involved an intrachromosomal fusion between RCC1 and HENMT1 located 80 Mbp apart and an interchromosomal fusion between RCC1 and ABHD12B. RCC1-ABHD12B and the ETV6 transcript variant were found to be preferentially expressed in the more undifferentiated TGCT subtypes. In vitro differentiation of the NTERA2 EC cell line resulted in significantly reduced expression of both fusion transcripts involving RCC1 and the ETV6 transcript variant, indicating that they are markers of pluripotency in a malignant setting. In conclusion, we identified eight novel fusion transcripts that, to our knowledge, are the first fusion genes described in TGCT and may therefore potentially serve as genomic biomarkers of malignant progression.
Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites and Altered Lung Function in Wuhan, China
Authors: Yun Zhou, Huizhen Sun, Jungang Xie, Yuanchao Song, Yuewei Liu, Xiji Huang, Ting Zhou, Yi Rong, Tangchun Wu, Jing Yuan, Weihong Chen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with adverse effects on the respiratory system. However, the association between internal levels of PAH metabolites and lung function levels remains unclear.Objectives: We investigated the relationships between urinary PAH metabolite concentrations and lung function levels in a general Chinese population.Methods: Lung function and 12 urinary PAH metabolites were measured in 2,747 participants from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort in China. Associations between urinary PAH metabolites and lung function were analyzed by linear mixed models. We also investigated associations among urinary PAH metabolite concentrations, traffic exposure time, and dietary PAH exposure.Measurements and Main Results: We found significant associations between increased levels of urinary PAH metabolites and reduced lung function. Each 1-U increase in log-transformed levels of 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 9-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, or total urinary PAH metabolites was associated with a 23.79-, 19.36-, 41.76-, 36.87-, 33.47-, 27.37-, 39.53-, 34.35-, 25.03-, or 37.13-ml reduction in FEV1, respectively (all P < 0.05). Each 1-U increase in 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, or total urinary PAH metabolites was associated with a 24.39-, 33.90-, 27.15-, 28.56-, 27.46-, or 27.99-ml reduction in FVC, respectively (all P < 0.05). The total urinary PAH metabolites concentration was positively associated with both traffic exposure time and dietary PAH exposure among nonsmokers.Conclusions: Total and specific urinary PAH metabolites were associated with lung function reduction in a general Chinese population. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential mechanism by which PAHs induces lung function reduction.
Jailed surgeon is given leave to appeal against conviction
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A surgeon whose jailing for manslaughter over a patient’s death at a private hospital caused widespread alarm among doctors has won permission to appeal against his conviction.

Three judges at the Court of Appeal in London granted the colorectal surgeon David Sellu, 68, leave to appeal after a short hearing.

Sellu, a senior consultant surgeon with a successful 40 year career …
Deguelin Analogue SH-1242 Inhibits Hsp90 Activity and Exerts Potent Anticancer Efficacy with Limited Neurotoxicity
Authors: Su-Chan Lee, Hye-Young Min, Hoon Choi, Song Yi Bae, Kwan Hee Park, Seung Yeob Hyun, Ho Jin Lee, Jayoung Moon, Shin-Hyung Park, Jun Yong Kim, Hongchan An, So-Jung Park, Ji Hae Seo, Seungbeom Lee, Young-Myeong Kim, Hyun-Ju Park, Sang Kook Lee, Jeewoo Lee, Jeeyeon Lee, Kyu-Won Kim, Young-Ger Suh, Ho-Young Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

The Hsp90 facilitates proper folding of signaling proteins associated with cancer progression, gaining attention as a target for therapeutic intervention. The natural rotenoid deguelin was identified as an Hsp90 inhibitor, but concerns about neurotoxicity have limited prospects for clinical development. In this study, we report progress on deguelin analogues that address this limitation, focusing on the novel analogue SH-1242 as a candidate to broadly target human lung cancer cells, including those that are chemoresistant or harboring KRAS mutations. In a KRAS-driven mouse model of lung cancer, SH-1242 administration reduced tumor multiplicity, volume, and load. Similarly, in human cell line-based or patient-derived tumor xenograft models, SH-1242 induced apoptosis and reduced tumor vasculature in the absence of detectable toxicity. In contrast to deguelin, SH-1242 toxicity was greatly reduced in normal cells and when administered to rats did not produce obvious histopathologic features in the brain. Mechanistic studies revealed that SH-1242 bound to the C-terminal ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90, disrupting the ability to interact with its co-chaperones and clients and triggering a degradation of client proteins without affecting Hsp70 expression. Taken together, our findings illustrate the superior properties of SH-1242 as an Hsp90 inhibitor and as an effective antitumor and minimally toxic agent, providing a foundation for advancing further preclinical and clinical studies.
ACCF/AHA 2011 Expert Consensus Document on Hypertension in the Elderly
Authors: Wilbert S. Aronow, Jerome L. Fleg, Carl J. Pepine, Nancy T. Artinian, George Bakris, Alan S. Brown, Keith C. Ferdinand, Mary Ann Forciea, William H. Frishman, Cheryl Jaigobin, John B. Kostis, Giuseppi Mancia, Suzanne Oparil, Eduardo Ortiz, Efrain Reisin, Michael W. Rich, Douglas D. Schocken, Michael A. Weber, Deborah J. Wesley
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Prevention of Hypertension and Its ConsequencesResearch should include both fundamental and clinical investigation defining pathogenesis of increased vascular and LV stiffness; RCTs to define appropriate treatment thresholds and goals; comparative effectiveness trials testing various treatment strategies (ie, different regimens and different intensities of lifestyle modification); and assessing the relative safety and efficacy of these approaches in the prevention of mortality and morbidity.
TCT-36 Quantification of the effect of measurement drift on the diagnostic performance of FFR, iFR and whole cycle Pd/Pa
Authors: Christopher Cook, Yousif Ahmad, Sukhjinder S. Nijjer, Matthew Shun-Shin, Ricardo Petraco, Rasha Al-Lamee, Sayan Sen, Justin E. Davies
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
The medial tibial stress syndrome score: a new patient-reported outcome measure
Authors: Marinus Winters, Maarten H Moen, Wessel O Zimmermann, Robert Lindeboom, Adam Weir, Frank JG Backx, Eric WP Bakker
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background At present, there is no validated patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for patients with medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). Aim Our aim was to select and validate previously generated items and create a valid, reliable and responsive PROM for patients with MTSS: the MTSS score. Methods A prospective cohort study was performed in multiple sports medicine, physiotherapy and military facilities in the Netherlands. Participants with MTSS filled out the previously generated items for the MTSS score on 3 occasions. From previously generated items, we selected the best items. We assessed the MTSS score for its validity, reliability and responsiveness. Results The MTSS score was filled out by 133 participants with MTSS. Factor analysis showed the MTSS score to exhibit a single-factor structure with acceptable internal consistency (α=0.58) and good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.81). The MTSS score ranges from 0 to 10 points. The smallest detectable change in our sample was 0.69 at the group level and 4.80 at the individual level. Construct validity analysis showed significant moderate-to-large correlations (r=0.34–0.52, p&lt;0.01). Responsiveness of the MTSS score was confirmed by a significant relation with the global perceived effect scale (β=−0.288, R 2 =0.21, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions The MTSS score is a valid, reliable and responsive PROM to measure the severity of MTSS. It is designed to evaluate treatment outcomes in clinical studies.
Clinical features of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a population-based overview
Authors: Jules L. Derks, Lizza E. Hendriks, Wieneke A. Buikhuisen, Harry J.M. Groen, Erik Thunnissen, Robert-Jan van Suylen, Ruud Houben, Ronald A. Damhuis, Ernst J.M. Speel, Anne-Marie C. Dingemans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is an orphan disease and few data are available on its clinical characteristics. Therefore, we analysed LCNEC registered in the Netherlands Cancer Registry, and compared data with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and adenocarcinoma (AdC).Histologically confirmed LCNEC (n=952), SCLC (n=11 844), SqCC (n=19 633) and AdC (n=24 253) cases were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (2003-2012). Patient characteristics, metastasis at diagnosis (2006 or later), overall survival (OS) including multivariate Cox models and first-line treatment were compared for stage I-II, III and IV disease.The number of LCNEC cases increased from 56 patients in 2003 to 143 in 2012, accounting for 0.9% of all lung cancers. Stage IV LCNEC patients (n=383) commonly had metastasis in the liver (47%), bone (32%) and brain (23%), resembling SCLC. Median OS (95% CI) of stage I-II, III and IV LCNEC patients was 32.4 (22.0-42.9), 12.6 (10.3-15.0) and 4.0 (3.5-4.6) months, respectively. Multivariate-adjusted OS of LCNEC patients resembled that of SCLC patients, and was poorer than those of SqCC and AdC patients. However, frequency of surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy resembled SqCC and AdC more than SCLC.Diagnosis of LCNEC has increased in recent years. The metastatic pattern of LCNEC resembles SCLC as does the OS. However, early-stage treatment strategies seem more comparable to those of SqCC and AdC.
Low E-prostanoid 2 receptor levels and deficient induction of the IL-1β/IL-1 type I receptor/COX-2 pathway: Vicious circle in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Liliana Machado-Carvalho, Margarita Martín, Rosa Torres, Marta Gabasa, Isam Alobid, Joaquim Mullol, Laura Pujols, Jordi Roca-Ferrer, Cesar Picado
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Continuous HRT with oestrogen plus progestogen is linked to reduced risk of endometrial cancer
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Continuous hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with combined oestrogen plus progestogen significantly reduced the risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women, a large randomised US study has shown.1

The Women’s Health Initiative study, reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute , randomised 16 608 women aged 50-79 to once daily HRT (conjugated equine oestrogen plus 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate as a single pill) or matching placebo for a median …