tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of educational interventions for self management of asthma in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: J. P Guevara
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine the effectiveness of educational programmes for the self management of asthma in children and adolescents. <b>Data sources</b> Databases of the Cochrane Airways Group, PsychINFO, reference lists of review papers, and eligible studies. <b>Review methods</b> Eligible studies were published randomised controlled trials or controlled clinical trials of educational programmes for the self management of asthma in children and adolescents that reported lung function, morbidity, self perception of asthma control, or utilisation of healthcare services. Eligible studies were abstracted, assessed for methodological quality, and pooled with fixed effects and random effects models. <b>Results</b> 32 of 45 identified trials were eligible, totalling 3706 patients aged 2 to 18 years. Education in asthma was associated with improved lung function (standardised mean difference 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.75) and self efficacy (0.36, 0.15 to 0.57) and reduced absenteeism from school (−0.14, −0.23 to −0.04), number of days of restricted activity (−0.29, −0.33 to −0.09), and number of visits to an emergency department (−0.21, −0.33 to −0.09). When pooled by the fixed effects model but not by the random effects model, education was also associated with a reduced number of nights disturbed by asthma. The effect on morbidity was greatest among programmes with strategies based on peak flow, interventions targeted at the individual, and participants with severe asthma. <b>Conclusions</b> Educational programmes for the self management of asthma in children and adolescents improve lung function and feelings of self control, reduce absenteeism from school, number of days with restricted activity, number of visits to an emergency department, and possibly number of disturbed nights. Educational programmes should be considered a part of the routine care of young people with asthma.
A novel mutation in the ARS (component B) gene encoding SLURP-1 in a Turkish family with mal de Meleda
Authors: M.H. Muslumanoglu, N. Saracoglu, O. Cilingir, T. Basmaci, S. Urer, I. Sabuncu, S. Demir, G. Bademci, S. Artan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article A novel mutation in the ARS (component B) gene encoding SLURP‐1 in a Turkish family with mal de Meleda Get access M.H. Muslumanoglu, M.H. Muslumanoglu Departments of Medical Genetics and Dermatology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey E‐mail: mhm@ogu.edu.tr; ocilingir@ogu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Saracoglu, N. Saracoglu Departments of Medical Genetics and Dermatology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey E‐mail: mhm@ogu.edu.tr; ocilingir@ogu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Cilingir, O. Cilingir Departments of Medical Genetics and Dermatology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey E‐mail: mhm@ogu.edu.tr; ocilingir@ogu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Basmaci, T. Basmaci Departments of Medical Genetics and Dermatology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey E‐mail: mhm@ogu.edu.tr; ocilingir@ogu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Urer, S. Urer Departments of Medical Genetics and Dermatology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey E‐mail: mhm@ogu.edu.tr; ocilingir@ogu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Sabuncu, I. Sabuncu Departments of Medical Genetics and Dermatology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey E‐mail: mhm@ogu.edu.tr; ocilingir@ogu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Demir, S. Demir Departments of Medical Genetics and Dermatology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey E‐mail: mhm@ogu.edu.tr; ocilingir@ogu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Bademci, G. Bademci Departments of Medical Genetics and Dermatology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey E‐mail: mhm@ogu.edu.tr; ocilingir@ogu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Artan S. Artan Departments of Medical Genetics and Dermatology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskisehir 26480, Turkey E‐mail: mhm@ogu.edu.tr; ocilingir@ogu.edu.tr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 2, 1 August 2006, Pages 467–469, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07288.x Published: 01 August 2006 Article history Accepted: 04 September 2005 Published: 01 August 2006
Segmental necrotising enterocolitis: pathological and clinical features of 22 cases in Bangladesh.
Authors: T Butler, B Dahms, K Lindpaintner, M Islam, M A Azad, P Anton
Journal: Gut (1987)

To describe the pathology and clinical features of segmental necrotising enterocolitis (SNE) in children and adults, 22 diarrhoeal patients (median age two years, range two months to 50 years) in Bangladesh with this lesion detected at autopsy were examined and compared with two groups of diarrhoeal control patients. Gross pathology consisted of purplish or black mucosal or transmural discoloration with erosions or ulcerations in segments of the jejunum or ileum of 18 cases and of the colon alone in four cases. Two patients had intestinal perforations. Microscopically all specimens showed coagulation necrosis or haemorrhagic necrosis indicative of mucosal ischaemia. In 20 cases there was submucosal oedema and nine showed pneumatosis of the bowel. From 11, one or more of the invasive diarrhoeal pathogens Shigella, Campylobacter and Entamoeba histolytica were detected. From the comparison with controls significant associations were found for a long duration of diarrhoea, blood and mucus in stool, abdominal distension or tenderness, shock not attributable to hypovolaemia, septicaemia, and low concentration of serum protein (p less than 0.05). These findings indicated that segmental necrotising enterocolitis develops sometimes as a fatal complication of prolonged diarrhoeal illnesses associated with shock and hypoproteinaemia and is caused by ischaemic injury to the intestinal mucosa.
Transcatheter radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral valve prostheses and enlarged atria
Authors: Christopher C. Lang, Vincenzo Santinelli, Giuseppe Augello, Amedeo Ferro, Filippo Gugliotta, Simone Gulletta, Gabriele Vicedomini, Cézar Mesas, Gabriele Paglino, Simone Sala, Nicoleta Sora, Patrizio Mazzone, Francesco Manguso, Carlo Pappone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Sequential Application of a Cytotoxic Nanoparticle and a PI3K Inhibitor Enhances Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Ambarish Pandey, Ashish Kulkarni, Bhaskar Roy, Aaron Goldman, Sasmit Sarangi, Poulomi Sengupta, Colin Phipps, Jawahar Kopparam, Michael Oh, Sudipta Basu, Mohammad Kohandel, Shiladitya Sengupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Nanomedicines that preferentially deploy cytotoxic agents to tumors and molecular targeted therapeutics that inhibit specific aberrant oncogenic drivers are emerging as the new paradigm for the management of cancer. While combination therapies are a mainstay of cancer chemotherapy, few studies have addressed the combination of nanomedicines and molecular targeted therapeutics. Furthermore, limited knowledge exists on the impact of sequencing of such therapeutics and nanomedicines on the antitumor outcome. Here, we engineered a supramolecular cis-platinum nanoparticle, which induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells but also elicited prosurvival signaling via an EGF receptor/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. A combination of mathematical modeling and in vitro and in vivo validation using a pharmacologic inhibitor of PI3K, PI828, demonstrate that administration of PI828 following treatment with the supramolecular cis-platinum nanoparticle results in enhanced antitumor efficacy in breast cancer as compared with when the sequence is reversed or when the two treatments are administered simultaneously. This study addresses, for the first time, the impact of drug sequencing in the case of a combination of a nanomedicine and a targeted therapeutic. Furthermore, our results indicate that a rational combination of cis-platinum nanoparticles and a PI3K-targeted therapeutic can emerge as a potential therapy for breast cancer.
Clinical implications of tumour necrosis factor alpha antagonism in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: G. Torre-Amione, S. S Stetson, J. A Farmer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by the heart under certain forms of stress. Patients with advanced heart failure have increased levels of circulating TNFα1 but more importantly, TNFα can produce left ventricular remodelling, pulmonary oedema and cardiomyopathy in human subjects.2 3 Therefore, increased production of TNFα may play a contributory part in the pathogenesis of heart failure.

The evidence supporting the importance of TNFα in heart failure stems from the following observations: Firstly, increased levels of circulating TNFα occur on patients with Class III-IV heart failure.4 5 Secondly, in a sub-study of the Studies On Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) we showed that patients who became symptomatic with respect to heart failure had progressively higher circulating TNFα levels.5 Thirdly, TNFα is elaborated in the failing heart in response to pressure or volume overload, physiological stimuli for TNFα production in heart failure patients.6 And finally, strong experimental support comes from the observations that transgenic mice over-expressing TNFα in cardiac tissue develop dilated cardiomyopathy and die prematurely. In this review, we will discuss the human and experimental evidence that supports a causative role of TNFα in heart failure and discuss the clinical implications of TNFα antagonism in patients with congestive heart failure.

Two important clinical observations led to the initial investigations of the role of TNFα in cardiac function. Firstly, as TNFα was a mediator of cachexia and patients with advanced heart failure manifest profound metabolic abnormalities and the syndrome of cachexia, it was reasonable to suggest that TNFα may be increased in patients with advanced heart failure. Indeed, the initial report on patients with advanced heart failure demonstrated that approximately 30–40% of patients with advanced heart failure have increased circulating TNFα levels.1 Secondly, it has long been recognised that …
PGC1α-mediated Mitofusin-2 Deficiency in Female Rats and Humans with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: John J. Ryan, Glenn Marsboom, Yong-Hu Fang, Peter T. Toth, Erik Morrow, Nancy Luo, Lin Piao, Zhigang Hong, Kyle Ericson, Hannah J. Zhang, Mei Han, Chad R. Haney, Chin-Tu Chen, Willard W. Sharp, Stephen L. Archer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal, female-predominant, vascular disease. Pathologic changes in PA smooth muscle cells (PASMC) include excessive proliferation, apoptosis-resistance, and mitochondrial fragmentation. Activation of dynamin-related protein increases mitotic fission and promotes this proliferation-apoptosis imbalance. The contribution of decreased fusion and reduced mitofusin-2 (MFN2) expression to PAH is unknown.We hypothesize that decreased MFN2 expression promotes mitochondrial fragmentation, increases proliferation, and impairs apoptosis. The role of MFN2's transcriptional coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1α), was assessed. MFN2 therapy was tested in PAH PASMC and in models of PAH.Fusion and fission mediators were measured in lungs and PASMC from patients with PAH and female rats with monocrotaline or chronic hypoxia+Sugen-5416 (CH+SU) PAH. The effects of adenoviral mitofusin-2 (Ad-MFN2) overexpression were measured in vitro and in vivo.In normal PASMC, siMFN2 reduced expression of MFN2 and PGC1α; conversely, siPGC1α reduced PGC1α and MFN2 expression. Both interventions caused mitochondrial fragmentation. siMFN2 increased proliferation. In rodent and human PAH PASMC, MFN2 and PGC1α were decreased and mitochondria were fragmented. Ad-MFN2 increased fusion, reduced proliferation, and increased apoptosis in human PAH and CH+SU. In CH+SU, Ad-MFN2 improved walking distance (381 ± 35 vs. 245 ± 39 m; P < 0.05); decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (0.18 ± 0.02 vs. 0.38 ± 0.14 mm Hg/ml/min; P < 0.05); and decreased PA medial thickness (14.5 ± 0.8 vs. 19 ± 1.7%; P < 0.05). Lung vascularity was increased by MFN2.Decreased expression of MFN2 and PGC1α contribute to mitochondrial fragmentation and a proliferation-apoptosis imbalance in human and experimental PAH. Augmenting MFN2 has therapeutic benefit in human and experimental PAH.
Neuroaesthetics: Range and restrictions
Authors: Anjan Chatterjee
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Bullot & Reber (B&R) should be commended for highlighting tensions between scientific aesthetics and art history. The question of how each tradition can learn from the other is timely. While I am sympathetic to their views, their diagnosis of the problem appears exaggerated and their solution partial. They underestimate the reach of scientific aesthetics while failing to identify its inherent restrictions.
Constitutive MHC class I molecules negatively regulate TLR-triggered inflammatory responses via the Fps–SHP-2 pathway
Authors: Sheng Xu, Xingguang Liu, Yan Bao, Xuhui Zhu, Chaofeng Han, Peng Zhang, Xuemin Zhang, Weihua Li, Xuetao Cao
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Autophagy promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis
Authors: Kurt Degenhardt, Robin Mathew, Brian Beaudoin, Kevin Bray, Diana Anderson, Guanghua Chen, Chandreyee Mukherjee, Yufang Shi, Céline Gélinas, Yongjun Fan, Deirdre A. Nelson, Shengkan Jin, Eileen White
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Metalworking Fluid with Mycobacteria and Endotoxin Induces Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Mice
Authors: Peter S. Thorne, Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd, Kevin M. Kelly, Marsha E. O'Neill, Caroline Duchaine
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Human cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) have been reported among machinists for over 10 yr. Although mycobacteria have been implicated as causal agents, this has not been established in experimental studies and the mechanisms remain unclear. Other constituents of in-use metalworking fluids (MWFs) may also contribute to the development of lung disease. We investigated the potential for Mycobacterium immunogenum (MI) in MWFs to induce HP.
Evidence that a Family of Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) from the Arabidopsis thaliana Genome Has Arisen from a pogo-like DNA Transposon
Authors: Cédric Feschotte, Claude Mouchès
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Sequence similarities exist between terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of some miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) families isolated from a wide range of organisms, including plants, insects, and humans, and TIRs of DNA transposons from the pogo family. We present here evidence that one of these MITE families, previously described for Arabidopsis thaliana, is derived from a larger element encoding a putative transposase. We have named this novel class II transposon Lemi1. We show that its putative product is related to transposases of the Tc1/mariner superfamily, being closer to the pogo family. A similar truncated element was found in a tomato DNA sequence, indicating an ancient origin and/or horizontal transfer for this family of elements. These results are reminiscent of those recently reported for the human genome, where other members of the pogo family, named Tiggers, are believed to be responsible for the generation of abundant MITE-like elements in an early primate ancestor. These results further suggest that some MITE families, which are highly reiterated in plant, insect, and human genomes, could have arisen from a similar mechanism, implicating pogo-like elements.
COPD; IPF; lung cancer in same individual: Can it be called 'AJMERITES SYNDROME?
Authors: Neeraj Gupta, Nishtha Singh, Suresh Jangir, Vikas Mishra, Rajveer Kuldeep
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

This case is being reported by city of Ajmer (India). The associations between COPD and IPF, IPF and lung cancer, COPD and lung cancer are well known. We report a patient with all three diseases together, DOES IT MAKE A SYNDROME!Presence of all three entities in a single patient lacks in literature.It may be a part of same pathogenic process and must be called a syndrome,The Ajmerite Syndrome!

A 55 year male smoker, railway employee presented with history of breathlessness of 12 months duration, more for last 2 days. Chest radiograph revealed mass in left lower lobe. CT chest revealed presence of emphysematous bullae in both upper lobes, mass lesion in left lower lobe and evidence of honeycombing in basal lung regions suggestive of UIP pattern and pleural effusion. His diagnosis was made by transthoracic lung biopsy which suggested evidence of Adenocarcinoma. Presence of all three entities in a single patient prompted us to report this case.

![Figure][1] 



Probable involvement of common pathogenic pathways like Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition(EMT) may be the key factor in pathogenesis of all three disease entity in same individual. Exploration of such mechanism in these cases may help a lot in targeting therapy for all three diseases with a syndromic approach.

 [1]: pending:yes
Righting the Medical Record
Authors: William J. Donnelly
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Narratives of illness in medical records and case presentations in teaching hospitals say surprisingly little about an important matter: what patients understand and feel. Nowadays, medical narratives tend to neglect or objectify subjective experience, including symptoms. Such narratives concentrate, in the manner of chronicles, on events in the exterior, objective world rather than the interior world of the sick. Medical students and physicians will construct more balanced accounts of human illness once they envision these accounts as "story", a form of narrative that traditionally accesses subjective experience as well as objective events. One can effectively begin the process of transforming medical chronicles into stories simply by asking patients what they know and how they feel about their situation and by documenting the response, using some of the patient's words, in the history of present illness. These actions will identify and preserve important information, facilitate empathy in all care givers who hear or read the history, and signal to everyone the physician's serious interest in patients as persons. Getting the voice of the patient into the history of present illness will not only help to right the medical record, but also help to right the relationship of physician and patient.Medical histories and case presentations are largely objective in nature, lacking input from patients concerning their understanding and feelings about their illness. Donnelly urges that medical students be taught that in constructing medical narratives they should include patients' "stories" in the patients' own words. He maintains that the process of eliciting these "stories" will facilitate empathy in physicians, demonstrate physicians' interest in their patients, and thereby improve physician patient relationships while yielding important information.
LUNG CANCER PRENEOPLASIA
Authors: Ignacio I. Wistuba, Adi F. Gazdar
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2006)

From histological and biological perspectives, lung cancer is a complex neoplasm. Although the sequential preneoplastic changes have been defined for centrally arising squamous carcinomas of the lung, they have been poorly documented for the other major forms of lung cancers, including small cell lung carcinoma and adenocarcinomas. There are three main morphologic forms of preneoplastic lesions recognized in the lung: squamous dysplasias, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. However, these lesions account for the development of only a subset of lung cancers. Several studies have provided information regarding the molecular characterization of lung preneoplastic changes, especially for squamous cell carcinoma. These molecular changes have been detected in the histologically normal and abnormal respiratory epithelium of smokers. Two different molecular pathways have been detected in lung adenocarcinoma pathogenesis: smoking-associated activation of RAS signaling, and nonsmoking-associated activation of EGFR signaling; the latter is detected in histologically normal respiratory epithelium.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α As a Master Regulator of Inflammation in Erdheim-Chester Disease: Rationale for the Treatment of Patients With Infliximab
Authors: Lorenzo Dagna, Angelo Corti, Silvia Langheim, Barbara Guglielmi, Francesco De Cobelli, Claudio Doglioni, Gabriele Fragasso, Maria Grazia Sabbadini, Marina Ferrarini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)
Normal and Pathological Grief
Authors: J. Trig Brown
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Physicians are often called on to care for patients and members of patients' families during the period of bereavement. The grief process serves a psychologically adaptive function and usually progresses in a predictable manner. Under certain unusual circumstances, however, the grieving process may become pathologically delayed or distorted, with serious consequences for the survivor's emotional and physical health. There are three phases of the normal grief process and particular guidelines for physician recognition and management of pathological grief reactions.