tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Child Mental Health Care System
Authors: ALAN D. MILLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Children's services, which are integrated into the total health program, are given special emphasis in the U.S.S.R.: concern for children is high in the hierarchy of social values. While there did not seem to be any striking innovations in clinical approaches or administrative arrangements, and some child psychiatrists seemed overworked and harried, the U.S. team observed an unqualified concern for the child patient and his problems.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Recommendations on Fertility Preservation Should Be Implemented Regardless of Disease Status or Previous Treatments
Authors: Kazutaka Nakayama, Naoto T. Ueno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

We have read with interest the article by Gaffan and colleagues 1 on educating undergraduate medical students about oncology.The authors focus on teaching methodology rather than curriculum content and comment that there is no consensus on what should be learned.The readers of the Journal of Clinical Oncology may be interested to know of the Ideal Oncology Curriculum, 2 which provides some progress toward the consensus of what the content of cancer education should be.The Ideal Oncology Curriculum was developed in 1999 by an Oncology Education Committee of the Cancer Council of Australia-a multidisciplinary group of cancer clinicians and educators representing all medical schools in Australia, whose objectives are monitoring and improvement of standards of cancer education in Australian medical schools.The development of this consensusbased curriculum involved extensive consumer consultation across the country.Since then, the Ideal Oncology Curriculum has served as a basis of newly developed medical school curricula and as a guide to development of cancer teaching in other areas, for example, nurse practitioner training and professional development of cancer professionals.As Gaffan and colleagues point out, cancer teaching can be fragmented across disciplines with resulting risk of duplication or omission of cancer knowledge and skills.An Ideal Oncology Curriculum provides a comprehensive checklist for course design that allows adaptation to local conditions, as well as a checklist against which outcomes can be monitored.
The effect of estrogen on bile formation in the rat
Authors: E. L. Forker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Female rats given large doses of estrone developed increased permeability of the biliary tree as determined by an increase in the biliary clearances of sucrose and mannitol. Spontaneous bile flow and the choleretic response to dehydrocholate declined. Estrone reduced the clearance of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) at low plasma concentrations as well as the absolute rate of BSP excretion when plasma levels were above those required to saturate active transport. The findings are consistent with a postulate that estrogen cholestasis may involve enhanced diffusion of materials from bile to blood in addition to inhibition of active transport in the opposite direction.
Chemokine-mediated interaction of hematopoietic progenitors with the bone marrow vascular niche is required for thrombopoiesis
Authors: Scott T Avecilla, Koichi Hattori, Beate Heissig, Rafael Tejada, Fang Liao, Koji Shido, David K Jin, Sergio Dias, Fan Zhang, Travis E Hartman, Neil R Hackett, Ronald G Crystal, Larry Witte, Daniel J. Hicklin, Peter Bohlen, Dan Eaton, David Lyden, Fredric de Sauvage, Shahin Rafii
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Administration of the BCG vaccination using the multipuncture method in schoolchildren: a comparison with the intradermal method
Authors: N Al Jarad, D W Empey, G Duckworth
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> BCG vaccination using the multipuncture device (the Heaf gun) is recommended in the UK for infants and very small children only. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of conversion of the tuberculin test, the safety and acceptability of BCG vaccination using the multipuncture device and to compare it with the conventional intradermal method in schoolchildren. <h3>METHODS</h3> Schoolchildren attending schools in Tower Hamlets who were eligible for BCG vaccination were tuberculin tested using the Heaf gun. Those with grade 0–1 reaction were randomised to receive BCG vaccination using either the multipuncture or the intradermal method. The site of BCG vaccination was inspected after eight weeks for inflammatory changes and scarring. A questionnaire about pain and inflammation at the site of vaccination was completed. The Heaf test was repeated at eight weeks and its results were assessed by an examiner unaware of the results of the previous Heaf test and the method of BCG administration. The Heaf test conversion was deemed to have occurred if there was a change of at least one grade in the response. <h3>RESULTS</h3> One hundred and sixty nine children (83 girls) of mean age 11.8 years completed the study, of which 81 received BCG by the multipuncture method. The Heaf test did not convert in 22 of 81 (27.2%) receiving BCG by the multipuncture device compared with six of 88 (6.8%) who received the vaccine by the intradermal method (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.55). The BCG scar was visible in all children who had intradermal BCG compared with 67 of 81 (81.8%) of the multipuncture group. The multipuncture method was less painful and caused fewer inflammatory changes than the intradermal method. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> In schoolchildren the multi- puncture device for administering BCG caused a lower rate of tuberculin conversion as measured by the Heaf test and less of an inflammatory response than the intradermal method. The method needs to be modified before it is applied on a wider scale to schoolchildren.
Gastric antral vascular ectasia: maintenance treatment with oestrogen-progesterone.
Authors: S F Moss, P Ghosh, D M Thomas, J E Jackson, J Calam
Journal: Gut (1992)

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (9watermelon stomach9) is a rare cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding and various medical and surgical treatments have been described. We report a patient in whom an oestrogen-progesterone preparation successfully controlled recurrent blood loss.
Sodium Intake and Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Martin O’Donnell, Andrew Mente, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Sodium is an essential nutrient. Increasing sodium intake is associated with increasing blood pressure, whereas low sodium intake results in increased renin and aldosterone levels. Randomized controlled trials have reported reductions in blood pressure with reductions in sodium intake, to levels of sodium intake <1.5 g/d, and form the evidentiary basis for current population-wide guidelines recommending low sodium intake. Although low sodium intake (<2.0 g/d) has been achieved in short-term feeding clinical trials, sustained low sodium intake has not been achieved by any of the longer term clinical trials (>6-month duration). It is assumed that the blood pressure-lowering effects of reducing sodium intake to low levels will result in large reductions in cardiovascular disease globally. However, current evidence from prospective cohort studies suggests a J-shaped association between sodium intake and cardiovascular events, based on studies from >300 000 people, and suggests that the lowest risk of cardiovascular events and death occurs in populations consuming an average sodium intake range (3-5 g/d). The increased risk of cardiovascular events associated with higher sodium intake (>5 g/d) is most prominent in those with hypertension. A major deficit in the field is the absence of large randomized controlled trials to provide definitive evidence on optimal sodium intake for preventing cardiovascular events. Pending such trials, current evidence would suggest a recommendation for moderate sodium intake in the general population (3-5 g/d), with targeting the lower end of the moderate range among those with hypertension.
Functional Impact of Breast Cancer by Age at Diagnosis
Authors: Candyce H. Kroenke, Bernard Rosner, Wendy Y. Chen, Ichiro Kawachi, Graham A. Colditz, Michelle D. Holmes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To explore changes in physical and psychosocial function before and after breast cancer by age at diagnosis.A total of 122,969 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS 2, ages 29 to 71 years, who responded to pre- and postfunctional status assessments were included; 1,082 women were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1992 and 1997. Functional status was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36). Mean change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores was computed across categories representing the combination of incident breast cancer (yes or no) and age at diagnosis (< or = 40, 41 to 64, or 65+ years).Compared with women < or = 40 years without breast cancer, women with breast cancer experienced significant functional declines. Young (age < or = 40) women who developed breast cancer experienced the largest relative declines in HRQoL (as compared with middle-aged and elderly women) in multiple domains including physical roles (-18.8 v -11.5 and -7.5 points, respectively), bodily pain (-9.0 v -2.7 and -2.7 points), social functioning (-11.3 v -4.3 and -4.4 points) and mental health (-3.1 v 0.0 and +0.4 points). Much of the decline in HRQoL among elderly (age > or = 65) women with breast cancer was age related.Young women may fare worse than middle-aged or elderly women in both physical and psychosocial dimensions after breast cancer diagnosis. The needs of women facing breast cancer may be better understood within a life stage framework.
Primary immunity deficiency in adults.
Authors: K M Citron
Journal: Thorax (1970)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To evaluate whether seated blood pressure (BP) could predict symptomatic hypotension in Down syndrome (DS) individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) <h3>Background:</h3> Hypotension in DS is well-described and attributed to brain degeneration ( <b><i>J Ment Defic Res</i></b> 1979; <b><i>J Clin Psychopharmacol</i></b> 1989). Subsequently, a link to AD in DS was postulated (<b><i>Hypertension</i></b> 1996). <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We reviewed all available out-patient seated BP values of 18 DS individuals with AD (9 female; mean age, 49.8 years) who presented from their group homes to a neurologist as a consecutive out-patient series from January 2000 to January 2017 because of dizziness or syncope attributed to hypotension. We compared BP prior to the initial symptom with BP post-treatment. A control group consisted of 19 DS individuals with AD (9 female; mean age, 51.4 years) without dizziness or syncope. <h3>Results:</h3> An average of 4.1 BP measurements were available pre-treatment, 8.1 post-treatment, and 5.0 in the control group. Mean BP in the treatment group was 110/67 prior to diagnosis of hypotension. No trend in BP was observed in the period prior to diagnosis of hypotension (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.041 for systolic and 0.066 for diastolic). All symptomatic patients were treated (fludrocortisone, 7; midodrine, 7; both, 2; added salt, 1; adjustment of other medications, 1). All treated patients were symptomatically improved. Mean BP after treatment was 106/65, not significantly changed from pre-treatment (p = 0.051 for systolic and 0.172 for diastolic). The treatment and control groups did not differ in gender or age. Mean BP in the control group was 103/64, not significantly different from the pre-treatment group (p = 0.143 for systolic and 0.140 for diastolic). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Although hypotension is common in the DS population with AD, seated BP measurements did not help predict which individuals would become symptomatic. Treatment was effective even without significant demonstrable change in BP values. <b>Study Supported by:</b> NA <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Huttler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shauly-Aharonov, PhD has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jeret has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Eli Lilly.
Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Glycemic Control of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Arthur H. Friedlander
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

In February 2010 issue of Diabetes Care , Teeuw, Gerdes, and Loos (1) reported a systemic review and meta-analysis of the literature to determine if periodontal treatment improved the glycemic control of diabetic patients for at least three months. The authors identified five studies as meeting their review criteria and stipulated that periodontal treatment consisted of scaling and root planning, oral hygiene instruction, variable use of systemic or local antibiotics, and possibly surgical removal of deep residual periodontal lesions, all in …
Regional variation in outcomes as determined by investigators and clinical events committee in an international trial of eptifibatide in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
Authors: J.W. Deckers, R.A. Harrington, A.M. Lincoff, E.J. Topol, R.M. Califf, L.G. Berdan, B.D. Weatherly, R.G. Wilcox, P.W. Armstrong, M.M. Kitt, M.L. Simoons
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Long-term effects of consumption of full-fat or reduced-fat products in healthy non-obese volunteers: Assessment of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation
Authors: Wilhelmine P.H.G. Verboeket-van de Venne, Klaas R. Westerterp, Tanja J.F.M.B. Hermans-Limpens, Cees de Graaf, Karin H. van het Hof, Jan A. Weststrate
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
Empirical Models for Substitution in Ribosomal RNA
Authors: A. D. Smith
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Empirical models of substitution are often used in protein sequence analysis because the large alphabet of amino acids requires that many parameters be estimated in all but the simplest parametric models. When information about structure is used in the analysis of substitutions in structured RNA, a similar situation occurs. The number of parameters necessary to adequately describe the substitution process increases in order to model the substitution of paired bases. We have developed a method to obtain substitution rate matrices empirically from RNA alignments that include structural information in the form of base pairs. Our data consisted of alignments from the European Ribosomal RNA Database of Bacterial and Eukaryotic Small Subunit and Large Subunit Ribosomal RNA ( Wuyts et al. 2001. Nucleic Acids Res. 29:175–177; Wuyts et al. 2002. Nucleic Acids Res. 30:183–185). Using secondary structural information, we converted each sequence in the alignments into a sequence over a 20-symbol code: one symbol for each of the four individual bases, and one symbol for each of the 16 ordered pairs. Substitutions in the coded sequences are defined in the natural way, as observed changes between two sequences at any particular site. For given ranges (windows) of sequence divergence, we obtained substitution frequency matrices for the coded sequences. Using a technique originally developed for modeling amino acid substitutions ( Veerassamy, Smith, and Tillier. 2003. J. Comput. Biol. 10:997–1010), we were able to estimate the actual evolutionary distance for each window. The actual evolutionary distances were used to derive instantaneous rate matrices, and from these we selected a universal rate matrix. The universal rate matrices were incorporated into the Phylip Software package ( Felsenstein 2002. http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip.html), and we analyzed the ribosomal RNA alignments using both distance and maximum likelihood methods. The empirical substitution models performed well on simulated data, and produced reasonable evolutionary trees for 16S ribosomal RNA sequences from sequenced Bacterial genomes. Empirical models have the advantage of being easily implemented, and the fact that the code consists of 20 symbols makes the models easily incorporated into existing programs for protein sequence analysis. In addition, the models are useful for simulating the evolution of RNA sequence and structure simultaneously.
The IgH 3′ regulatory region controls somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells
Authors: Pauline Rouaud, Christelle Vincent-Fabert, Alexis Saintamand, Rémi Fiancette, Marie Marquet, Isabelle Robert, Bernardo Reina-San-Martin, Eric Pinaud, Michel Cogné, Yves Denizot
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

Interactions with cognate antigens recruit activated B cells into germinal centers where they undergo somatic hypermutation (SHM) in V(D)J exons for the generation of high-affinity antibodies. The contribution of IgH transcriptional enhancers in SHM is unclear. The Eμ enhancer upstream of Cμ has a marginal role, whereas the influence of the IgH 3′ regulatory region (3′RR) enhancers (hs3a, hs1,2, hs3b, and hs4) is controversial. To clarify the latter issue, we analyzed mice lacking the whole 30-kb extent of the IgH 3′RR. We show that SHM in VH rearranged regions is almost totally abrogated in 3′RR-deficient mice, whereas the simultaneous Ig heavy chain transcription rate is only partially reduced. In contrast, SHM in κ light chain genes remains unaltered, acquitting for any global SHM defect in our model. Beyond class switch recombination, the IgH 3′RR is a central element that controls heavy chain accessibility to activation-induced deaminase modifications including SHM.
Results of Intravenous Thrombolysis Within 4.5 to 6 Hours and Updated Results Within 3 to 4.5 Hours of Onset of Acute Ischemic Stroke Recorded in the Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR)
Authors: Niaz Ahmed
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials of intravenous thrombolysis shows no statistically significant benefit beyond 4.5 hours, with the possible advantage perhaps offset by risk.To compare the outcomes of patients who were treated within 4.5 to 6 hours or within 3 to 4.5 hours of the onset of an ischemic stroke with the outcomes of patients who were treated within 3 hours in the SITS-ISTR.An observational study based on SITS-ISTR data during the period from 2002 to 2011.Acute and emergency care.Of 29 618 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 283 (1.0%) were treated within 4.5 to 6 hours of onset, 4056 (13.7%) were within 3 to 4.5 hours of onset, and 25 279 (85.4%) were treated within 3 hours of onset, in compliance with other European Union approval criteria.Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase.Functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2) and mortality at 3 months and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH). P values are based on comparisons between patients treated within 4.5 to 6 hours or within 3 to 4.5 hours of onset against patients treated within 3 hours of onset.Results are presented as within 4.5 to 6 hour vs within 3 to 4.5 hours vs within 3 hours. Median time from stroke onset to treatment was 295 vs 210 minutes vs 138 minutes (P < .01), median age was 65 vs 67 vs 68 years (P < .01), and median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 vs 9 vs 12 (P < .01). Rate of functional independence was 61.3% (P = .40) vs 62.7% (P < .01) vs 58.4%; mortality rate was 11.8% (P = .99) vs 11.1% (P = .21) vs 11.8%; and rate of SICH was 2.6% (P = .17) vs 1.8% (P = .27) vs 1.5%. Multivariate analysis detected no significant difference in SICH (P > .05), mortality (P > .05), or independence (P > .05). Time from stroke onset to treatment as a continuous variable was significantly associated with higher rates of SICH and poor 3-month outcome after adjustment for age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score.The treatment remains safe and effective for patients treated within 3 to 4.5 hours compared with patients treated within 3 hours. Our selected group of patients treated within 4.5 to 6 hours of stroke onset did not have worse outcomes than patients treated within 3 hours. An inevitable limitation of our observational study is the possible nonequivalence of the cohorts, particularly the 4.5- to 6-hour cohort relative to the other 2 cohorts.
A force-length-time relationship describes the mechanics of canine left ventricular wall segments during auxotonic contractions.
Authors: H Piene, J W Covell
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We examined regional mechanics of the left ventricular free wall in naturally pumping dog hearts during beta-blockade. Local systolic wall force (F) and segment length (L) were obtained with an auxotonic force gauge and an ultrasonic dimension gauge, both inserted at the equatorial level of the wall to measure F and L in the circumferential direction. Shortening velocity (-dL/dt) was obtained by differentiation of L. Preload and afterload were changed by acute caval and/or aortic occlusion so that a wide variation in F, L, -dL/dt, and dF/dt during shortening was obtained. In all experiments, F vs. L at identical time (t) after end-diastole (ED) fell on well-defined lines, irrespective of the -dL/dt line (t = 200 msec) was equivalent to a drop of approximately 50% in F at 10% reduction in L. No defined relationship was observed between F, L, and -dL/dt. However, by superimposing F, L, and -dL/dt curves from contractions of high EDL and high -dL/dt on those from contractions of low EDL and low -dL/dt, and comparing F and -dL/dt at identical L and t, a slightly lower F (difference 2.23 +/- 1.09 g, P approximately 0.05) could be associated with the higher -dL/dt (difference 0.6 +/- 0.1 muscle length/sec, P less than 0.001). These data suggest that the F-L-t relationship is a valid descriptor of auxotonic contractions in the ventricular wall, and that the direct effect of shortening velocity on the wall force is modest.