tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mutational Profile of Advanced Primary and Metastatic Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancers Reveals Distinct Pathogenetic Roles for<i>BRAF, PIK3CA</i>, and<i>AKT1</i>
Authors: Julio C. Ricarte-Filho, Mabel Ryder, Dhananjay A. Chitale, Michael Rivera, Adriana Heguy, Marc Ladanyi, Manickam Janakiraman, David Solit, Jeffrey A. Knauf, R. Michael Tuttle, Ronald A. Ghossein, James A. Fagin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Patients with poorly differentiated thyroid cancers (PDTC), anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATC), and radioactive iodine-refractory (RAIR) differentiated thyroid cancers have a high mortality, particularly if positive on [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET). To obtain comprehensive genetic information on advanced thyroid cancers, we designed an assay panel for mass spectrometry genotyping encompassing the most significant oncogenes in this disease: 111 mutations in RET, BRAF, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, PIK3CA, AKT1, and other related genes were surveyed in 31 cell lines, 52 primary tumors (34 PDTC and 18 ATC), and 55 RAIR, FDG-PET-positive recurrences and metastases (nodal and distant) from 42 patients. RAS mutations were more prevalent than BRAF (44 versus 12%; P = 0.002) in primary PDTC, whereas BRAF was more common than RAS (39 versus 13%; P = 0.04) in PET-positive metastatic PDTC. BRAF mutations were highly prevalent in ATC (44%) and in metastatic tumors from RAIR PTC patients (95%). Among patients with multiple metastases, 9 of 10 showed between-sample concordance for BRAF or RAS mutations. By contrast, 5 of 6 patients were discordant for mutations of PIK3CA or AKT1. AKT1_G49A was found in 9 specimens, exclusively in metastases. This is the first documentation of AKT1 mutation in thyroid cancer. Thus, RAIR, FDG-PET–positive metastases are enriched for BRAF mutations. If BRAF is mutated in the primary, it is likely that the metastases will harbor the defect. By contrast, absence of PIK3CA/AKT1 mutations in one specimen may not reflect the status at other sites because these mutations arise during progression, an important consideration for therapies directed at phosphoinositide 3-kinase effectors. [Cancer Res 2009;69(11):4885–93]
A family study of Behcet's syndrome.
Authors: M A Chamberlain
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

The first-degree family members of patients with Behcet's syndrome were investigated to determine (1) whether there was a familial aggregation of Behcet's syndrome or of its component features, (2) whether there was an increased incidence of sacro-iliitis in these families, and (3) whether a link exists between Behcet's syndrome and spondarthritides in first-degree relatives. Of the 226 relatives and patients seen, 21 patients with definite Behcet's syndrome and their 71 relatives were analysed in some detail. Orogenital ulceration was found in 2 mothers of probands; 1 patient had psoriasis and Behcet's but neither disease featured in the pedigree. Another family showed numerous manifestations of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, 1 member having severe sacro-iliitis but the proband had Behcet's syndrome only. Family trees including HLA pedigrees, where known, are presented. Spouses suffered few of the complaints found in patients, and to a less extent in relatives, but showed a high incidence of backache, perhaps of psychogenic origen.
Prognosis research strategy (PROGRESS) 1: A framework for researching clinical outcomes
Authors: H. Hemingway, P. Croft, P. Perel, J. A. Hayden, K. Abrams, A. Timmis, A. Briggs, R. Udumyan, K. G. M. Moons, E. W. Steyerberg, I. Roberts, S. Schroter, D. G. Altman, R. D. Riley
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Understanding and improving the prognosis of a disease or health condition is a priority in clinical research and practice. In this article, the authors introduce a framework of four interrelated themes in prognosis research, describe the importance of the first of these themes (understanding future outcomes in relation to current diagnostic and treatment practices), and introduce recommendations for the field of prognosis research
Sulphated bile acids in duodenal juice of healthy infants and children compared with sulphated bile acids in paediatric patients with various gastroenterological diseases.
Authors: K H Niessen, M Teufel, G Brugmann
Journal: Gut (1984)

The bile acid pattern in the first 10 minute fraction of intestinal juice after injection of pancreozymin (2 U/kg bw) was studied in 32 gastroenterologically healthy children and 26 paediatric patients with various diseases of the liver or intestine. The sulphated and non-sulphated portions of monohydroxy, dihydroxy, and trihydroxy bile acids were evaluated in relation to the total concentration of bile acids as well as the ratios of the individual acids to each other in esterified and unesterified form. In healthy patients, the extent of sulphation was not age dependent. The quantity of potentially toxic monohydroxy and dihydroxy bile acids did not determine the percentage of sulphation, which was induced only by the severity of cholestasis. Ursodeoxycholic bile acids were usually esterified with sulphuric acid to a remarkably high degree. Less sulphated bile acids were detected in patients with coeliac disease than in the control group.
Hepatitis B virus X protein specially regulates the sialyl lewis a synthesis among glycosylation events for metastasis
Authors: Tae-Wook Chung, Seok-Jo Kim, Hee-Jung Choi, Kwon-Ho Song, Un-Ho Jin, Dae-Yeul Yu, Je-Kyung Seong, Jong-Guk Kim, Keuk-Jun Kim, Jeong-Heon Ko, Ki-Tae Ha, Young-Choon Lee, Cheorl-Ho Kim
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

Abstract Background The metastasis of hematogenous cancer cells is associated with abnormal glycosylation such as sialyl lewis antigens. Although the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays important role in liver disease, the precise function of HBx on aberrant glycosylation for metastasis remains unclear. Methods The human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, HBx transgenic mice and HBx-transfected cells were used to check the correlation of expressions between HBx and Sialyl lewis antigen for cancer metastasis. To investigate whether expression levels of glycosyltransferases induced in HBx-transfected cells are specifically associated with sialyl lewis A (SLA) synthesis, which enhances metastasis by interaction of liver cancer cells with endothelial cells, ShRNA and siRNAs targeting specific glycosyltransferases were used. Results HBx expression in liver cancer region of HCC is associated with the specific synthesis of SLA. Furthermore, the SLA was specifically induced both in liver tissues from HBx-transgenic mice and in in vitro HBx-transfected cells. HBx increased transcription levels and activities of α2-3 sialyltransferases (ST3Gal III), α1-3/4 fucosyltransferases III and VII (FUT III and VII) genes, which were specific for SLA synthesis, allowing dramatic cell-cell adhesion for metastatic potential. Interestingly, HBx specifically induced expression of N-acetylglucosamine-β1-3 galactosyltransferase V (β1-3GalT 5) gene associated with the initial synthesis of sialyl lewis A, but not β1-4GalT I. The β1-3GalT 5 shRNA suppressed SLA expression by HBx, blocking the adhesion of HBx-transfected cells to the endothelial cells. Moreover, β1-3GalT 5 silencing suppressed lung metastasis of HBx-transfected cells in in vivo lung metastasis system. Conclusion HBx targets the specific glycosyltransferases for the SLA synthesis and this process regulates hematogenous cancer cell adhesion to endothelial cells for cancer metastasis.
Induction of IgE synthesis in normal human B cells. Sequential requirements for activation by an alloreactive T cell clone and IgE-potentiating factors.
Authors: D Y Leung, M C Young, N Wood, R S Geha
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Two human alloreactive T cell clones were established from a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture involving two nonatopic donors, and were assessed for their capacity to induce IgE synthesis by B cells obtained from the original stimulator. The two alloreactive T cell clones studied induced IgG but not IgE synthesis in normal B cells. However, one of the two clones, clone 2H6, induced IgE synthesis in the presence of supernatants from T cell lines derived from patients with the hyper-IgE syndrome (HIE), and enriched for T cells bearing receptors for IgE. These supernatants by themselves caused no IgE synthesis in nonatopic B cells. The potentiating factors in these supernatants were shown to bind to IgE. Time sequence experiments indicated that interaction of the B cells with the alloreactive clone 2H6 renders them responsive to the action of the IgE-potentiating factors. These results indicate that induction of IgE synthesis in normal B cells involves at least two sequential T cell derived signals. Furthermore, T cell clones are heterogenous in their capacity to provide these signals.
Electrical Stimuli in the Central Nervous System Microenvironment
Authors: Deanna M. Thompson, Abigail N. Koppes, John G. Hardy, Christine E. Schmidt
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2014)

Electrical stimulation to manipulate the central nervous system (CNS) has been applied as early as the 1750s to produce visual sensations of light. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), cochlear implants, visual prosthetics, and functional electrical stimulation (FES) are being applied in the clinic to treat a wide array of neurological diseases, disorders, and injuries. This review describes the history of electrical stimulation of the CNS microenvironment; recent advances in electrical stimulation of the CNS, including DBS to treat essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, and depression; FES for the treatment of spinal cord injuries; and alternative electrical devices to restore vision and hearing via neuroprosthetics (retinal and cochlear implants). It also discusses the role of electrical cues during development and following injury and, importantly, manipulation of these endogenous cues to support regeneration of neural tissue.
ECT in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Charles H. Kellner, Robert M. Greenberg, James W. Murrough, Ethan O. Bryson, Mimi C. Briggs, Rosa M. Pasculli
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

ECT is often effective for severely depressed patients who have not responded to multiple medication trials or who are at imminent risk of suicide. This issue's Treatment in Psychiatry highlights the safety and efficacy of ECT while stressing the importance of the pre-ECT medical evaluation and consent process.
Snps in Angiogenic Factors As Predictive Markers for Outcome in Patients (P) with Advanced Non-Squamous Nsclc (NS-NSCLC) Treated with Carboplatin, Paclitaxel (CP) and Bevacizumab (BEV). Final Results of Angiomet Spanish Lung Cancer Group Trial
Authors: B. Massuti Sureda, E. Jantus-Lewintre, J.L. Gonzalez-Larriba, D. Rodriguez Abreu, O.J. Juan, M. Domine, M. Provencio Pulla, J. de Castro, C. Camps, R. Rosell
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Prognosis and adjuvant treatment effects in selected breast cancer subtypes of very young women (&lt;35 years) with operable breast cancer
Authors: G. Cancello, P. Maisonneuve, N. Rotmensz, G. Viale, M.G. Mastropasqua, G. Pruneri, P. Veronesi, R. Torrisi, E. Montagna, A. Luini, M. Intra, O. Gentilini, R. Ghisini, A. Goldhirsch, M. Colleoni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Predictors of prolonged survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma
Authors: Qaiser Bashir, Hassan Khan, Robert Z. Orlowski, Ali Imran Amjad, Nina Shah, Simrit Parmar, Wei Wei, Gabriela Rondon, Donna M. Weber, Michael Wang, Sheeba K. Thomas, Jatin J. Shah, Sofia R. Qureshi, Yvonne T. Dinh, Uday Popat, Paolo Anderlini, Chitra Hosing, Sergio Giralt, Richard E. Champlin, Muzaffar H. Qazilbash
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Abstract A total of 149 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) with myeloablative (MAC; n = 38) or reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC; n = 110) regimens at MD Anderson Cancer Center were evaluated. Of the total, 120 (81%) patients had relapsed or had refractory disease. Median age of MM patients was 50 (28–70) years with a followup time of 28.5 (3–164) months. The 100‐day and 5‐year treatment related mortality (TRM) rates were 17% and 47%, respectively. TRM was significantly lower with RIC regimens (13%) vs. 29% for MAC at 100 days ( P = 0.012). The cumulative incidence of Grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was 35% and chronic GVHD was 46%. PFS and OS at 5 years were 15% and 21%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, allo‐HCT for primary remission consolidation was associated with longer PFS (HR 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18–0.67) and OS (HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.15–0.55), while absence of high‐risk cytogenetics was associated with longer PFS only (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.37–0.95). We observe that TRM has decreased with the use of RIC regimens, and long‐term disease control can be expected in a subset of MM patients undergoing allo‐HCT. Further studies should be conducted in carefully designed clinical trials in this patient population. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE DIVIDING LYMPH NODE CELLS IN SYNGENEIC RECIPIENT RATS AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTION
Authors: Claude Griscelli, Pierre Vassalli, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

The distribution of large dividing lymph node or thoracic duct lymph cells, labeled in vitro with 3H-thymidine, was studied in syngeneic recipient rats after intravenous injection. In most experiments the donor rats had been immunized with Bacillus pertussis 4 days earlier, but in some instances cells from nonimmunized donors were used. In smears, the labeled donor cells had the appearance of large lymphocytes or large pyroninophilic cells. By electronmicroscopy, the majority of labeled donor cells were seen to have only scanty endoplasmic reticulum. It was found that the labeled cells rapidly "homed" to lymphoid tissue and recirculated in the recipient, in a fashion resembling that of small lymphocytes. However, the distribution of labeled cells was found to depend upon the source of the donor cells. Cells from mesenteric lymph nodes or thoracic duct lymph showed a marked preferential accumulation in lymphoid tissue within or adjacent to the intestine, whereas cells from peripheral nodes accumulated preferentially in peripheral lymph nodes. Cells from any of these sources showed an equal tendency to accumulate in the white pulp of the spleen. Suspensions of small lymphocytes, labeled in vitro with 3H-uridine, did not display a similar tendency to localize preferentially in lymphoid tissue in certain regions. It was also found that large dividing lymph node cells from donors immunized with an antigen (2,4-dinitrophenyl-bovine gamma globulin (DNP-BGG) or B. pertussis) showed a greater tendency to accumulate in a recipient lymph node containing that antigen than in the contralateral node. It was not determined whether the selective accumulation of large dividing lymphoid cells from different sources in lymphoid tissue of different regions in recipients was due to an antigen recognition mechansim or was the result of two different populations of cells with different "homing" mechanisms.
Recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: R. T. Sadikot, T. Greene, K. Meadows, A. G. Arnold
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a common clinical problem and its incidence is thought to be increasing. The risk of recurrence is high and various studies quote rates of 20-60%. Factors which may or may not predispose to recurrence have not yet been established.In a study period of four years 291 cases with a diagnosis of pneumothorax were reviewed; 153 patients with PSP were included in the study. Their risk of recurrence was analysed with particular reference to the following variables: age, sex, height and body mass index (BMI) of the patient, the initial size of pneumothorax, the smoking status of the patient, and the primary form of treatment employed. Univariate analysis was carried out by chi 2 testing and multivariate analysis was calculated by a logistic regression model.A retrospective study of 275 episodes of PSP in 153 patients over a four year period confirmed a high incidence of recurrence (54.2%). PSP was twice as common in men as in women, though women were significantly more likely to develop a recurrence (chi 2 = 7.58, df = 1, p < 0.01). Male height was the second most important factor, and smoking cessation the only other variable which significantly influenced the risk of recurrence.Analysis of several potential risk factors revealed that recurrence was not related to the BMI of the patient, the initial treatment of the pneumothorax, nor to its size. Recurrence was more common in taller men and in women. Smoking cessation appeared to reduce the risk of recurrence. These findings are discussed in the context of the possible aetiology of spontaneous pneumothorax, recurrences, and the management thereof.
Relationship Between CarotidIntima-Media Thickness and Silent Cerebral Infarction in Japanese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kazuhiro Nomura, Yoshiyuki Hamamoto, Shiho Takahara, Osamu Kikuchi, Sachiko Honjo, Hiroki Ikeda, Yoshiharu Wada, Koichro Nabe, Ryosuke Okumra, Hiroyuki Koshiyama
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

We examined the relationship between intima-media thickness of common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) and silent cerebral infarction (SCI) with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes.The brain MRI study and the carotid ultrasonography were performed in a total of 217 consecutive Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Various risk factors for SCI were examined using multiple logistic analyses.The SCI was found in 60.4% of the diabetic subjects. In the diabetic subjects, age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse wave velocity, and CCA-IMT were significantly higher in the subjects with SCI than in those without it. Multiple logistic analyses indicated that age, SBP, and CCA-IMT were significant and independent risk factors of SCI in the diabetic subjects.CCA-IMT, but not pulse wave velocity, was independently associated with SCI in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Childhood Obesity and Asthma Control in the GALA II and SAGE II Studies
Authors: Luisa N. Borrell, Elizabeth A. Nguyen, Lindsey A. Roth, Sam S. Oh, Haig Tcheurekdjian, Saunak Sen, Adam Davis, Harold J. Farber, Pedro C. Avila, Emerita Brigino-Buenaventura, Michael A. LeNoir, Fred Lurmann, Kelley Meade, Denise Serebrisky, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Rajesh Kumar, Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana, Shannon M. Thyne, Esteban G. Burchard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Obesity is associated with increased asthma morbidity, lower drug responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids, and worse asthma control. However, most prior investigations on obesity and asthma control have not focused on pediatric populations, considered environmental exposures, or included minority children.To examine the association between body mass index categories and asthma control among boys and girls; and whether these associations are modified by age and race/ethnicity.Children and adolescents ages 8-19 years (n = 2,174) with asthma were recruited from the Genes-environments and Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA II) Study and the Study of African Americans, Asthma, Genes, and Environments (SAGE II). Ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their confidence intervals (95% CI) for worse asthma control.In adjusted analyses, boys who were obese had a 33% greater chance of having worse asthma control than their normal-weight counterparts (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.04-1.71). However, for girls this association varied with race and ethnicity (P interaction = 0.008). When compared with their normal-weight counterparts, obese African American girls (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.41-1.05) were more likely to have better controlled asthma, whereas Mexican American girls had a 1.91 (95% CI, 1.12-3.28) greater odds of worse asthma control.Worse asthma control is uniformly associated with increased body mass index in boys. Among girls, the direction of this association varied with race/ethnicity.
A Proposal to Standardize Reporting Units for Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Hemoglobin
Authors: C. G. Fraser, J. E. Allison, S. P. Halloran, G. P. Young
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

Fecal immunochemical tests for hemoglobin are replacing traditional guaiac fecal occult blood tests in population screening programs for many reasons. However, the many available fecal immunochemical test devices use a range of sampling methods, differ with regard to hemoglobin stability, and report hemoglobin concentrations in different ways. The methods for sampling, the mass of feces collected, and the volume and characteristics of the buffer used in the sampling device also vary among fecal immunochemical tests, making comparisons of test performance characteristics difficult. Fecal immunochemical test results may be expressed as the hemoglobin concentration in the sampling device buffer and, sometimes, albeit rarely, as the hemoglobin concentration per mass of feces. The current lack of consistency in units for reporting hemoglobin concentration is particularly problematic because apparently similar hemoglobin concentrations obtained with different devices can lead to very different clinical interpretations. Consistent adoption of an internationally accepted method for reporting results would facilitate comparisons of outcomes from these tests. We propose a simple strategy for reporting fecal hemoglobin concentration that will facilitate the comparison of results between fecal immunochemical test devices and across clinical studies. Such reporting is readily achieved by defining the mass of feces sampled and the volume of sample buffer (with confidence intervals) and expressing results as micrograms of hemoglobin per gram of feces. We propose that manufacturers of fecal immunochemical tests provide this information and that the authors of research articles, guidelines, and policy articles, as well as pathology services and regulatory bodies, adopt this metric when reporting fecal immunochemical test results.
Hyaluronic acid and its derivative as a multi-functional gene expression enhancer: Protection from non-specific interactions, adhesion to targeted cells, and transcriptional activation
Authors: Tomoko Ito, Naoko Iida-Tanaka, Takuro Niidome, Takahito Kawano, Koji Kubo, Kenichi Yoshikawa, Toshinori Sato, Zhihong Yang, Yoshiyuki Koyama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)