tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vasomotor Symptoms, Adoption of a Low-Fat Dietary Pattern, and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial
Authors: Bette J. Caan, Aaron Aragaki, Cynthia A. Thomson, Marcia L. Stefanick, Rowan Chlebowski, F. Allan Hubbell, Lesley Tinker, Mara Vitolins, Aleksandar Rajkovic, Maria Bueche, Judy Ockene
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

To assess whether the effect of a low-fat dietary pattern on breast cancer incidence varied by report of baseline vasomotor symptoms.Postmenopausal women age 50 to 79 years enrolled onto the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification trial from 1993 to 1998 were randomly assigned to a low-fat dietary intervention (n = 19,541) or comparison (n = 29,294). Presence of vasomotor symptoms at baseline was ascertained from a 34-item self-report symptom inventory. Women were queried semi-annually for a new diagnosis of breast cancer. Each case report was verified by medical record and pathology report review by centrally trained WHI physician adjudicators.Among participants who reported hot flashes (HFs) at baseline (n = 3,375), those assigned to the low-fat diet had a breast cancer rate of 0.27 compared with their counterparts in the control group who had a rate of 0.41 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.01). Among women reporting no HFs (n = 45,160), the breast cancer rate was 0.42 in those assigned to the low-fat diet compared with 0.46 in the control group (HR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.03; P for interaction = .12 by HF status). Furthermore, the dietary benefits observed seemed to be specific to estrogen receptor (ER) -positive/progesterone receptor (PR) -positive tumors (ER positive/PR positive v other, P for risk = .03). Although women with and without HFs differed with regard to breast cancer risk factors, the effect of the diet intervention on breast cancer incidence by HF status was consistent across risk factor strata.The results of this trial, which are hypothesis generating, suggest that HFs may identify a subgroup of postmenopausal women whose risk of invasive breast cancer might be reduced with the adoption of a low-fat eating pattern.
Evidence for double resistance to permethrin and malathion in head lice
Authors: M. Dawes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Evidence for double resistance to permethrin and malathion in head lice Get access M. Dawes M. Dawes NHS R & D Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital NHS Trust, The John Radcliffe, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 5, 1 May 2000, Pages 1066–1067, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03514.x Published: 01 May 2000
New antigens for a multicomponent blood-stage malaria vaccine
Authors: Faith H. Osier, Margaret J. Mackinnon, Cécile Crosnier, Gregory Fegan, Gathoni Kamuyu, Madushi Wanaguru, Edna Ogada, Brian McDade, Julian C. Rayner, Gavin J. Wright, Kevin Marsh
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Uncharacterized proteins from the merozoite stage of Plasmodium falciparum provide new antigens for malaria blood-stage vaccine development.
Recombinant Human Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Inhibits Long-term Growth of MIS Type II Receptor–Directed Transgenic Mouse Ovarian Cancers <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Rafael Pieretti-Vanmarcke, Patricia K. Donahoe, Paul Szotek, Thomas Manganaro, Mary K. Lorenzen, James Lorenzen, Denise C. Connolly, Elkan F. Halpern, David T. MacLaughlin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a glycoprotein hormone that causes Mullerian duct regression in male embryos. In short-term experiments, recombinant human MIS (rhMIS) inhibits xenotransplanted human ovarian cancer cell lines that are thought to be of Mullerian origin. Because this highly lethal cancer has a high recurrence rate after conventional chemotherapy, new treatments are warranted. We examined whether rhMIS as a novel, nontoxic, naturally occurring growth inhibitor can be an effective anticancer drug in long-term studies in vivo against allograft tumors that recapitulate human ovarian carcinoma. Experimental Design: Mouse ovarian carcinoma (MOVCAR) cell lines expressing the early region of the SV40 virus, including the large and small T-antigen genes under transcriptional control of a portion of the murine MIS receptor type II (MISRII) gene promoter, were derived from TgMISIIR-TAg transgenic mice. rhMIS was tested against MOVCAR cells in growth inhibition assays in vitro, and in vivo in 6-week-old female nude mice. Tumor growth in animals was measured at weekly intervals for up to 20 weeks. Results: MOVCAR cells and tumors express MISRII by Western blot, immunohistochemical, and Northern blot analyses. rhMIS significantly inhibited MOVCAR cell growth in vitro and in vivo in three separate long-term allotransplantation experiments. Conclusions: Because rhMIS is an effective anticancer agent in in vitro and in long-term in vivo preclinical experiments against MISRII-positive tumors, we predict that rhMIS can be used safely and effectively to treat human ovarian malignancies.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin, Therapy With Dalteparin, and Survival in Advanced Cancer: The Fragmin Advanced Malignancy Outcome Study (FAMOUS)
Authors: Ajay K. Kakkar, Mark N. Levine, Zbigniew Kadziola, Nicholas R. Lemoine, Vanessa Low, Heman K. Patel, Gordon Rustin, Michael Thomas, Mary Quigley, Robin C.N. Williamson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

In experimental systems, interference with coagulation can affect tumor biology. Furthermore, it has been suggested that low molecular weight heparin therapy may prolong survival in patients with cancer. The primary aim of this study was to assess survival at 1 year of patients with advanced cancer.Patients with advanced malignancy (N = 385) were randomly assigned to receive either a once-daily subcutaneous injection of dalteparin (5,000 IU), a low molecular weight heparin, or placebo for 1 year.The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at 1, 2, and 3 years after randomization for patients receiving dalteparin were 46%, 27%, and 21%, respectively, compared with 41%, 18%, and 12%, respectively, for patients receiving placebo (P =.19). In an analysis not specified a priori, survival was examined in a subgroup of patients (dalteparin, n = 55; and placebo, n = 47) who had a better prognosis and who were alive 17 months after randomization. In these patients, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at 2 and 3 years from randomization were significantly improved for patients receiving dalteparin versus placebo (78% v 55% and 60% v 36%, respectively, P =.03). The rates of symptomatic venous thromboembolism were 2.4% and 3.3% for dalteparin and placebo, respectively, with bleeding rates of 4.7% and 2.7%, respectively.Dalteparin administration did not significantly improve 1-year survival rates in patients with advanced malignancy. However, the observed improved survival in a subgroup of patients with a better prognosis suggests a potential modifying effect of dalteparin on tumor biology.
Use of relative and absolute effect measures in reporting health inequalities: structured review
Authors: N. B. King, S. Harper, M. E. Young
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the frequency of reporting of absolute and relative effect measures in health inequalities research. <b>Design</b> Structured review of selected general medical and public health journals. <b>Data sources</b> 344 articles published during 2009 in <i>American Journal of Epidemiology</i>, <i>American Journal of Public Health</i>, <i>BMJ</i>, <i>Epidemiology</i>, <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>, <i>JAMA</i>, <i>Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</i>, <i>The Lancet</i>, <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>, and <i>Social Science and Medicine</i>. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Frequency and proportion of studies reporting absolute effect measures, relative effect measures, or both in abstract and full text; availability of absolute risks in studies reporting only relative effect measures. <b>Results</b> 40% (138/344) of articles reported a measure of effect in the abstract; among these, 88% (122/138) reported only a relative measure, 9% (13/138) reported only an absolute measure, and 2% (3/138) reported both. 75% (258/344) of all articles reported only relative measures in the full text; among these, 46% (119/258) contained no information on absolute baseline risks that would facilitate calculation of absolute effect measures. 18% (61/344) of all articles reported only absolute measures in the full text, and 7% (25/344) reported both absolute and relative measures. These results were consistent across journals, exposures, and outcomes. <b>Conclusions</b> Health inequalities are most commonly reported using only relative measures of effect, which may influence readers' judgments of the magnitude, direction, significance, and implications of reported health inequalities.
Convergent Evolution of Ribonuclease H in LTR Retrotransposons and Retroviruses
Authors: Kirill Ustyantsev, Olga Novikova, Alexander Blinov, Georgy Smyshlyaev
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Ty3/Gypsy long terminals repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are structurally and phylogenetically close to retroviruses. Two notable structural differences between these groups of genetic elements are 1) the presence in retroviruses of an additional envelope gene, env, which mediates infection, and 2) a specific dual ribonuclease H (RNH) domain encoded by the retroviral pol gene. However, similar to retroviruses, many Ty3/Gypsy LTR retrotransposons harbor additional env-like genes, promoting concepts of the infective mode of these retrotransposons. Here, we provide a further line of evidence of similarity between retroviruses and some Ty3/Gypsy LTR retrotransposons. We identify that, together with their additional genes, plant Ty3/Gypsy LTR retrotransposons of the Tat group have a second RNH, as do retroviruses. Most importantly, we show that the resulting dual RNHs of Tat LTR retrotransposons and retroviruses emerged independently, providing strong evidence for their convergent evolution. The convergent resemblance of Tat LTR retrotransposons and retroviruses may indicate similar selection pressures acting on these diverse groups of elements and reveal potential evolutionary constraints on their structure. We speculate that dual RNH is required to accelerate retrotransposon evolution through increased rates of strand transfer events and subsequent recombination events.
The female football player, disordered eating, menstrual function and bone health
Authors: J. Sundgot-Borgen, M. K. Torstveit
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Most female football players are healthy. However, recent findings from our studies on Norwegian female elite athletes also show that football players are dieting and experiencing eating disorders, menstrual dysfunction and stress fractures. Dieting behaviour and lack of knowledge of the energy needs of the athlete often leads to energy deficit, menstrual dysfunction and increased risk of bone mass loss. Although dieting, eating disorders and menstrual dysfunction are less common than in many other sports, it is important to be aware of the problem as eating disorders in female athletes can easily be missed. Therefore, individuals, including the players themselves, coaches, administrators and family members, who are involved in competitive football, should be educated about the three interrelated components of the female athlete triad (disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction and low bone mass), and strategies should be developed to prevent, recognise and treat the triad components.
Everolimus for the treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a phase II study
Authors: Hilary J. Goldberg, Sergio Harari, Vincent Cottin, Ivan O. Rosas, Elizabeth Peters, Shibadas Biswal, Yi Cheng, Sanjeev Khindri, John M. Kovarik, Shenglin Ma, Francis X. McCormack, Elizabeth Petri Henske
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare, progressive cystic lung disorder characterised by dysregulated activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. This was a phase IIa, multicentre, open-label study of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (2.5 mg·day −1 escalated to 10 mg·day −1 ) in 24 women with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Primary endpoints were safety, pharmacokinetics and serum vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) levels; secondary endpoints were measures of lung function. Following 26 weeks of everolimus treatment, forced vital capacity exhibited stability, while forced expiration volume in 1 s improved from baseline, with mean changes (95% confidence interval) of 10 mL (−111–132) and 114 mL (11–217), respectively; 6-min walk distance improved by 47 m. Median VEGF-D and collagen IV levels decreased from baseline, from 1730 pg·mL −1 to 934.5 pg·mL −1 , and 103 ng·mL −1 to 80.5 ng·mL −1 , respectively. Adverse events were mostly grade 1−2; mouth ulceration, headache, nausea, stomatitis and fatigue were common. Serious adverse events suspected to be treatment related included peripheral oedema, pneumonia, cardiac failure and Pneumocystis jirovecii infection. Everolimus blood levels increased dose proportionally. In this study, everolimus improved some measures of lung function and exercise capacity and reduced serum VEGF-D and collagen IV. Side effects were generally consistent with known toxicities of mTOR inhibitors, although some were severe.
Research Priorities in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Thomas Force, Robert O. Bonow, Steven R. Houser, R. John Solaro, Ray E. Hershberger, Bishow Adhikari, Mark E. Anderson, Robin Boineau, Barry J. Byrne, Thomas P. Cappola, Raghu Kalluri, Martin M. LeWinter, Martin S. Maron, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Steve R. Ommen, Michael Regnier, W. H. Wilson Tang, Rong Tian, Marvin A. Konstam, Barry J. Maron, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: Circulation (2010)

H ypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial dis- order characterized by left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy without dilatation and without apparent cause (ie, it occurs in the absence of severe hypertension, aortic stenosis, or other cardiac or systemic diseases that might cause LV hypertrophy).2][3][4][5][6][7][8] HCM is the leading cause of sudden death in young people and leads to significant disability in survivors.It is caused by mutations in genes that encode components of the sarcomere.Cardiomyocyte and cardiac hypertrophy, myocyte disarray, interstitial and replacement fibrosis, and dysplastic intramyocardial arterioles characterize the pathology of HCM.Clinical manifestations include impaired diastolic function, heart failure, tachyarrhythmia (both atrial and ventricular), and sudden death.At present, there is a lack of understanding of how the mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins lead to the phenotypes described above.Current therapeutic approaches have focused on the prevention of sudden death, with implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement in high-risk patients.But medical therapies have largely focused on alleviating symptoms of the disease, not on altering its natural history.The present Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute brought together clinical, translational, and basic scientists with the overarching goal of identifying novel strategies to prevent the phenotypic expression of disease.Herein, we identify research initiatives that we hope will lead to novel therapeutic approaches for patients with HCM. EpidemiologyThe epidemiology of HCM suggests that it is present in Ϸ1 in 500 adults. 9Because of the delay in phenotypic expression of the disease, HCM is not commonly recognized clinically in young children, but when it is, it is much more frequently recognized in males. 10This is likely due to greater penetrance in young males. 11,12HCM is underdiagnosed clinically in blacks and in women, yet women tend to present with more marked heart failure than men when they are diagnosed later in life. 13,14There is no overall difference in mortality, including sudden cardiac death, between men and women, although sudden cardiac death on the athletic field predominantly occurs in men.
Setting Research Priorities to Reduce Global Mortality from Childhood Pneumonia by 2015
Authors: Igor Rudan, Shams El Arifeen, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Robert E. Black, Abdullah Brooks, Kit Yee Chan, Mickey Chopra, Trevor Duke, David Marsh, Antonio Pio, Eric A.F. Simoes, Giorgio Tamburlini, Evropi Theodoratou, Martin W. Weber, Cynthia G. Whitney, Harry Campbell, Shamim A. Qazi
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Igor Rudan and colleagues report the results of their consensus building exercise that identified health research priorities to help reduce child mortality from pneumonia.
Identification of Gains on 1q and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpression as Independent Prognostic Markers in Intracranial Ependymoma
Authors: Frank Mendrzyk, Andrey Korshunov, Axel Benner, Grischa Toedt, Stefan Pfister, Bernhard Radlwimmer, Peter Lichter
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Pathogenesis of ependymomas is still poorly understood and molecular markers for risk-adapted patient stratification are not available. Our aim was to screen for novel genomic imbalances and prognostic markers in ependymal tumors. Experimental Design: We analyzed 68 sporadic tumors by matrix-based comparative genomic hybridization using DNA microarrays containing &amp;gt;6,400 genomic DNA fragments. Novel recurrent genomic gains were validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a tissue microarray consisting of 170 intracranial ependymomas. Candidate genes were also tested for mRNA expression by quantitative real-time PCR, and protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on the tissue microarray. Results: Chromosomal gain of 1q correlated with pediatric patients (P = 0.004), intracranial ependymomas (P = 0.05), and tumors of grade III (P = 0.002). Gain of 1q21.1-32.1 was associated with tumor recurrence in intracranial ependymomas (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Furthermore, gain of 1q25 as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization represented an independent prognostic marker for either recurrence-free survival (P &amp;lt; 0.001) or overall survival (P = 0.003). Recurrent gains at 5p15.33 covering hTERT were validated by immunohistochemistry, and elevated protein levels correlated with adverse prognosis (P = 0.01). In addition to frequent gains and high-level amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at 7p11.2, immunohistochemistry revealed protein overexpression to be correlated with poor prognosis (P = 0.002). EGFR protein status subdivides intracranial grade II ependymomas into two different risk groups (P = 0.03) as shown by multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Thus, the states of 1q25 and EGFR represent independent prognostic markers for intracranial ependymomas to identify patient subgroups with different risk profiles in further clinical investigations. Moreover, EGFR might serve as therapeutic target for more specific chemotherapy applications.
CHOP-R and High-Dose Methotrexate In The Primary CNS Lymphoma Revisited. 10-Year Experience and 92 Patients From a Single Institution
Authors: Beata Ostrowska, Michal Osowiecki, Katarzyna Domanska-Czyz, Joanna Romejko-Jarosinska, Ewa Paszkiewicz-Kozik, Lidia Poplawska, Grzegorz Rymkiewicz, Jaroslaw Stobiecki, Wojciech Michalski, Jan Walewski
Journal: Blood (2013)
Behavioral characterization of the 6-hydroxidopamine model of Parkinson’s disease and pharmacological rescuing of non-motor deficits
Authors: Miguel M Carvalho, Filipa L Campos, Bárbara Coimbra, José M Pêgo, Carla Rodrigues, Rui Lima, Ana J Rodrigues, Nuno Sousa, António J Salgado
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by motor symptoms as a result of dopaminergic degeneration, particularly in the mesostriatal pathway. However, in recent years, a greater number of clinical studies have focused on the emergence of non-motor symptoms in PD patients, as a consequence of damage on the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic networks, and on their significant impact on the quality of life of PD patients. Herein, we performed a thorough behavioral analysis including motor, emotional and cognitive dimensions, of the unilateral medial forebrain bundle (MFB) 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned model of PD, and further addressed the impact of pharmacological interventions with levodopa and antidepressants on mood dimensions. Results Based on apomorphine-induced turning behaviour and degree of dopaminergic degeneration, animals submitted to MFB lesions were subdivided in complete and incomplete lesion groups. Importantly, this division also translated into a different severity of motor and exploratory impairments and depressive-like symptoms; in contrast, no deficits in anxiety-like and cognitive behaviors were found in MFB-lesioned animals. Subsequently, we found that the exploratory and the anhedonic behavioural alterations of MFB-lesioned rats can be partially improved with the administration of both levodopa or the antidepressant bupropion, but not paroxetine. Conclusions Our results suggest that this model is a relevant tool to study the pathophysiology of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. In addition, the present data shows that pharmacological interventions modulating dopaminergic transmission are also relevant to revert the non-motor behavioral deficits found in the disease.
Search for antigen in rheumatoid synovial macrophages.
Authors: L A Runge
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Peripheral blood monocytes and synovial macrophages obtained from 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from 13 controls were cultured with autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes and stimulation measured by thymidine uptake. Rheumatoid macrophages and monocytes induced a small but significant degree of lymphocyte transformation, and those from the controls did not. The degree of stimulation appears to be more consistent with the nonspecific effect of lymphocyte activating factor, rather than with the presence of a specific synovial antigen.
Effect of atropine on gastro-oesophageal reflux and transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: I Lidums, H Checklin, R K Mittal, R H Holloway
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Atropine reduces the rate of reflux episodes in normal subjects by inhibition of transient lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) relaxations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of atropine on the rate and mechanisms of reflux in patients with reflux disease. Methods —Oesophageal motility and pH were recorded for one hour after a meal in 15 patients with reflux disease. On separate days, atropine (15 μg/kg bolus intravenously, 4 μg/kg/h infusion) or saline were given and maintained for the recording period. Results —Atropine significantly reduced basal LOS pressure from 7.1 (2.2) to 2.9 (1.3) mm Hg (mean (SEM)). Atropine also reduced the rate of reflux episodes from 5.0 (2.0–8.75) to 1.0 (0–6.25) per hour (median (interquartile range)) largely because of a decrease in the rate of transient LOS relaxations from 2.0 (0–4.75) to 0 (0–0) per hour and abolition of reflux during swallow induced LOS relaxation. There was no change in the rate of reflux episodes because of absent basal LOS pressure. Conclusions —Atropine inhibits reflux in patients with reflux disease largely by inhibition of transient LOS relaxations and swallow induced LOS relaxation. These findings suggest that pharmacological control of reflux through control of transient LOS relaxations is possible in patients with reflux disease.