tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
American Diabetes Association 60th Scientific Sessions, 2000
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

This is the fifth in a continuing series of articles on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 60th Scientific Sessions held in San Antonio, Texas, in June 2000. It covers topics related to nephropathy.

### Hypertension and Nephropathy

A number of studies presented at the meeting gave insight into clinical and pathophysiological aspects of hypertension and nephropathy in patients with diabetes. Tarver-Carr et al. (abstract 783) reported 16-year follow-up analysis of 9,250 adults aged 30–74 in 1976–1980 who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). A total of 46 end-stage renal disease cases developed in the 521 diabetic adults, whereas 142 cases developed in those without type 2 diabetes at baseline, with cumulative incidence by age 75 of 7 vs. 3% among men and 8 vs. 0.8% among women with and without diabetes. For type 1 diabetes, Schultz and colleagues (abstracts 652 and 653) analyzed 511 patients developing diabetes before age 16 and followed for a median of 6 years. Of the patients, 63 developed microalbuminuria, showing both higher baseline albuminuria and a correlation of mean HbA1c with the rate of increase of albuminuria, which also increased at a higher rate after onset of puberty. The risk of developing microalbuminuria was doubled for female patients, tripled after onset of puberty, and increased 36% for every 1% increase in HbA1c. Tabak and Orchard (abstract 658) reported greater baseline albuminuria, higher HbA1c, longer diabetes duration, conventional treatment, younger age, male sex, and lower HDL cholesterol in females to be significant predictors of the development of microalbuminuria among 1,367 patients with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) who were initially normoalbuminuric. Thus, glycemia is an important explanation of diabetic nephropathy, but other factors must play a role in determining susceptibility.

Brown et al. …
Sequential Valproic Acid/All-<i>trans</i> Retinoic Acid Treatment Reprograms Differentiation in Refractory and High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Giuseppe Cimino, Francesco Lo-Coco, Susanna Fenu, Lorena Travaglini, Erica Finolezzi, Marco Mancini, Mauro Nanni, Angela Careddu, Francesco Fazi, Fabrizio Padula, Roberto Fiorini, Maria Antonietta Aloe Spiriti, Maria Concetta Petti, Adriano Venditti, Sergio Amadori, Franco Mandelli, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, Clara Nervi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Epigenetic alterations of chromatin due to aberrant histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and transcriptional silencing of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) pathway are events linked to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that can be targeted by specific treatments. A pilot study was carried out in eight refractory or high-risk AML patients not eligible for intensive therapy to assess the biological and therapeutic activities of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) used to remodel chromatin, followed by the addition of ATRA, to activate gene transcription and differentiation in leukemic cells. Hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 was detectable at therapeutic VPA serum levels (≥50 μg/mL) in blood mononuclear cells from seven of eight patients. This correlated with myelomonocytic differentiation of leukemic cells as revealed by morphologic, cytochemical, immunophenotypic, and gene expression analyses. Differentiation of the leukemic clone was proven by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showing the cytogenetic lesion +8 or 7q− in differentiating cells. Hematologic improvement, according to established criteria for myelodysplastic syndromes, was observed in two cases. Stable disease and disease progression were observed in five and one cases, respectively. In conclusion, VPA-ATRA treatment is well tolerated and induces phenotypic changes of AML blasts through chromatin remodeling. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether VPA-ATRA treatment by reprogramming differentiation of the leukemic clone might improve the response to chemotherapy in leukemia patients. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8903-11)
Nutrition and Outcome on Renal Replacement Therapy of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Treated by a Supplemented Very Low Protein Diet
Authors: MICHEL APARICIO, PHILIPPE CHAUVEAU, VALÉRIE DE PRÉCIGOUT, JEAN-LOUIS BOUCHET, CATHERINE LASSEUR, CHRISTIAN COMBE
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. Protein-restricted diets are prescribed in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) to alleviate uremic symptoms and to slow the progression of CRF. The potential deleterious effects of protein restriction on nutritional status and clinical outcome of patients with CRF have raised concern. In this study, data were collected from 1985 to 1998 on 239 consecutive patients (age 50.2 ± 15.6 yr) with advanced CRF (GFR 13.1 ± 4.8 ml/min) to whom a supplemented very low protein diet (SVLPD) providing 0.3 g protein, 35 kcal, and 5 to 7 mg of inorganic phosphorus per kg per day was administered for a mean duration of 29.6 ± 25.1 mo. The diet was supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogs, calcium carbonate, iron, and multivitamins. During SVLPD, protein intake decreased from 0.85 ± 0.23 to 0.43 ± 0.11 g/kg per d, and body mass index and serum albumin concentration remained unchanged overall. Fourteen patients died during SVLPD; death was unrelated to nutritional parameters. Hemodialysis was initiated after SVLPD in 165 patients at a mean GFR of 5.8 ± 1.5 ml/min. During an average of 54 mo on hemodialysis, mortality was low (2.4% after 1 yr) and correlated to age only, not to nutritional parameters observed at the end of SVLPD. Similar results were obtained in 66 transplanted patients (12 were not dialyzed before transplantation). SVLPD can be safely used in patients with CRF without adverse effects on the clinical and nutritional status of the patients. Due to the preservation of nutritional status and the correction of uremic symptoms, the initiation of dialysis was deferred in these patients. The outcome of patients on renal replacement therapy is not affected by prior treatment with SVLPD during the predialysis phase of CRF.
Phagocytic and Bactericidal Properties of Normal Human Monocytes
Authors: Roy T. Steigbigel, Lewis H. Lambert, Jack S. Remington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The bactericidal and phagocytic capacities of monocytes for E. coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Listeria, and factors that influence these functions were evaluated and compared with those of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of 30 normal human subjects. Monocytes killed a significantly smaller proportion of each of the bacterial species than did neutrophils from the same individuals. Whereas the neutrophils of all individuals demonstrated the ability to kill significant numbers of the four bacterial species, there was a marked variation in the effect of monocytes of different individuals on the growth curves of these same bacteria. When the bactericidal capacity of an individual's monocytes to more than one species of bacteria was examined in the same experiment, a significant difference in the effect of monocytes on the growth curve of one bacterial species as opposed to another was noted in 4 of 17 subjects. The bactericidal ability of monocytes of single individuals was consistent on different days in 9 of the 11 subjects whose monocytes were examined more than once against the same bacteria.
Higher disease activity leads to more structural damage in the spine in ankylosing spondylitis: 12-year longitudinal data from the OASIS cohort
Authors: Sofia Ramiro, Désirée van der Heijde, Astrid van Tubergen, Carmen Stolwijk, Maxime Dougados, Filip van den Bosch, Robert Landewé
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To analyse the long-term relationship between disease activity and radiographic damage in the spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients from the Outcome in AS International Study (OASIS) were followed up for 12 years, with 2-yearly clinical and radiographic assessments. Two readers independently scored the X-rays according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). Disease activity measures include the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), AS Disease Activity Index (ASDAS)-C-reactive protein (CRP), CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), patient's global assessment and spinal pain. The relationship between disease activity measures and radiographic damage was investigated using longitudinal, autoregressive models with 2-year time lags. <h3>Results</h3> 184 patients were included (70% males, 83% HLA-B27 positive, mean (SD) age 43 (12) years, 20 (12) years symptom duration). Disease activity measures were significantly longitudinally associated with radiographic progression. Neither medication nor the presence of extra-articular manifestations confounded this relationship. The models with ASDAS as disease activity measure fitted the data better than models with BASDAI, CRP or BASDAI+CRP. An increase of one ASDAS unit led to an increase of 0.72 mSASSS units/2 years. A 'very high disease activity state' (ie, ASDAS &gt;3.5) compared with 'inactive disease' (ie, ASDAS &lt;1.3) resulted in an additional 2-year progression of 2.31 mSASSS units. The effect of ASDAS on mSASSS was higher in males versus females (0.98 vs −0.06 mSASSS units per ASDAS unit) and in patients with &lt;18 years vs ≥18 years symptom duration (0.84 vs 0.16 mSASSS units per ASDAS unit). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first study showing that disease activity contributes longitudinally to radiographic progression in the spine in AS. This effect is more pronounced in men and in the earlier phases of the disease.
Bone Marrow Characteristics Associated With Changes in Infarct Size After STEMI
Authors: Robert C. Schutt, Barry H. Trachtenberg, John P. Cooke, Jay H. Traverse, Timothy D. Henry, Carl J. Pepine, James T. Willerson, Emerson C. Perin, Stephen G. Ellis, David X.M. Zhao, Aruni Bhatnagar, Brian H. Johnstone, Dejian Lai, Micheline Resende, Ray F. Ebert, Joseph C. Wu, Shelly L. Sayre, Aaron Orozco, Claudia Zierold, Robert D. Simari, Lem Moyé, Christopher R. Cogle, Doris A. Taylor
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Despite significant interest in bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMC) therapy for ischemic heart disease, current techniques have resulted in only modest benefits. However, selected patients have shown improvements after autologous BMC therapy, but the contributing factors are unclear.
Bioethical Considerations for Human Nutrigenomics
Authors: Manuela M. Bergmann, Ulf Görman, John C Mathers
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2008)

This article gives an overview of the ethical issues in nutrigenomics research and personalized nutrition. The principles of research ethics, i.e., autonomy, beneficence, nonmalfeasance, and justice, are challenged by rapidly growing cross-border research activities utilizing existing and upcoming biobanks for studies of the interaction of genes with diet on risk of common diseases. We highlight the ethical issues, some unresolved, in international collaborative projects of which researchers should be aware. Personalized nutrition (tailoring diet on the basis of genotype) is one possible application of nutrigenomics research. However, until the scientific evidence concerning diet–gene interactions is much more robust, the provision of personalized dietary advice on the basis of specific genotype remains questionable. From the ethical and social perspective, nutrigenomics offers significant opportunities to improve public health by enhancing understanding of the mechanisms through which diet can be used to reduce the risk of common polygenic diseases.
Hepatitis B virus envelope L protein-derived bio-nanocapsules: Mechanisms of cellular attachment and entry into human hepatic cells
Authors: Mitsuo Yamada, Ayako Oeda, Joohee Jung, Masumi Iijima, Nobuo Yoshimoto, Tomoaki Niimi, Seong-Yun Jeong, Eun Kyung Choi, Katsuyuki Tanizawa, Shun'ichi Kuroda
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Should health professionals screen women for domestic violence? Systematic review
Authors: J. Ramsay
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the evidence for the acceptability and effectiveness of screening women for domestic violence in healthcare settings. <b>Design</b>: Systematic review of published quantitative studies. <b>Search strategy</b>: Three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and CINAHL) were searched for articles published in the English language up to February 2001. <b>Included studies</b>: Surveys that elicited the attitudes of women and health professionals on the screening of women in health settings; comparative studies conducted in healthcare settings that measured rates of identification of domestic violence in the presence and absence of screening; studies measuring outcomes of interventions for women identified in health settings who experience abuse from a male partner or ex-partner compared with abused women not receiving an intervention. <b>Results</b>: 20 papers met the inclusion criteria. In four surveys, 43-85% of women respondents found screening in healthcare settings acceptable. Two surveys of health professionals9 views found that two thirds of physicians and almost half of emergency department nurses were not in favour of screening. In nine studies of screening compared with no screening, most detected a greater proportion of abused women identified by healthcare professionals. Six studies of interventions used weak study designs and gave inconsistent results. Other than increased referral to outside agencies, little evidence exists for changes in important outcomes such as decreased exposure to violence. No studies measured quality of life, mental health outcomes, or potential harm to women from screening programmes. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although domestic violence is a common problem with major health consequences for women, implementation of screening programmes in healthcare settings cannot be justified. Evidence of the benefit of specific interventions and lack of harm from screening is needed.
Effects of changes in extracellular ionic concentrations on aortic baroreceptors with nonmyelinated afferent fibers.
Authors: P Thoren, M C Andresen, A M Brown
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

The effects of ionic change upon one of the two classes of aortic baroreceptors, those having unmyelinated axons or C-fibers, have not been examined heretofore. Differences from results in aortic baroreceptors with myelinated axons might be expected because of differences in accessible surface area-volume relationships. Recordings were obtained using an in vitro aortic arch-aortic nerve preparation from 21 aortic C-fibers in 15 normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKR) 13-17 weeks old. During a slow pressure ramp, the endings responded with an irregular discharge. However, if the discharge was averaged over 10-20 seconds, the average discharge correlated well with the pressure level in the arch. The maximal discharge increased with faster ramp rates but the threshold was not shifted over the range of ramp rates employed. The relationship between pressure and discharge was tested during alterations in the extracellular concentrations of Na, K, and Ca ([Na]0, [K]0, and [Ca]0). A 12% decrease in [Na]0 clearly decreased the firing in the aortic C-fibers during a ramp stimulus. During a pressure step, the initial discharge was not decreased but the steady state discharge was clearly depressed. When the aortic arch was perfused continuously at constant pressure, a decrease in Na of only 6% depressed the activity. Doubling [K]0 increased firing for a few minutes and was followed by a reduction of discharge. Previous reports have shown no effect on myelinated baroreceptor discharge by a 12% decrease in [Na]0, a change which significantly depressed firing in all C-fiber baroreceptors in this study. Thus, C-fiber baroreceptors are more sensitive to changes in extracellular ionic composition than are baroreceptors with myelinated axons.
Phase II Study of Aflibercept in Recurrent Malignant Glioma: A North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study
Authors: John F. de Groot, Kathleen R. Lamborn, Susan M. Chang, Mark R. Gilbert, Timothy F. Cloughesy, Kenneth Aldape, Jun Yao, Edward F. Jackson, Frank Lieberman, H. Ian Robins, Minesh P. Mehta, Andrew B. Lassman, Lisa M. DeAngelis, W.K. Alfred Yung, Alice Chen, Michael D. Prados, Patrick Y. Wen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is a promising treatment approach for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. This single-arm phase II study evaluated the efficacy of aflibercept (VEGF Trap), a recombinantly produced fusion protein that scavenges both VEGF and placental growth factor in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.Forty-two patients with glioblastoma and 16 patients with anaplastic glioma who had received concurrent radiation and temozolomide and adjuvant temozolomide were enrolled at first relapse. Aflibercept 4 mg/kg was administered intravenously on day 1 of every 2-week cycle.The 6-month progression-free survival rate was 7.7% for the glioblastoma cohort and 25% for patients with anaplastic glioma. Overall radiographic response rate was 24% (18% for glioblastoma and 44% for anaplastic glioma). The median progression-free survival was 24 weeks for patients with anaplastic glioma (95% CI, 5 to 31 weeks) and 12 weeks for patients with glioblastoma (95% CI, 8 to 16 weeks). A total of 14 patients (25%) were removed from the study for toxicity, on average less than 2 months from treatment initiation. The main treatment-related National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria grades 3 and 4 adverse events (38 total) included fatigue, hypertension, and lymphopenia. Two grade 4 CNS ischemias and one grade 4 systemic hemorrhage were reported. Aflibercept rapidly decreases permeability on dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and molecular analysis of baseline tumor tissue identified tumor-associated markers of response and resistance.Aflibercept monotherapy has moderate toxicity and minimal evidence of single-agent activity in unselected patients with recurrent malignant glioma.
Persistence of Strongyloidiasis
Authors: Moacir DE Sa Pereira
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  In their report of two cases of disseminated strongyloidiasis, Harris et al (244:65, 1980) state that it is remotely possible that these patients acquired the infection during World War II. They favor recent acquisition of this infection in the rural South. This statement may give undue assurance for the physician treating urban veterans. As mentioned by Michael Katz, MD (244:68, 1980), in the editorial infection with Strongyloides may persist for many years. Gill and Bell 1 found S stercoralis in 15% of former Far East prisoners of war attending a tropical medicine clinic, 30 years after their return to Britain, still complaining of the characteristic rash. In Australian veterans, Grove 2 diagnosed active Strongyloides infection in 44 of 101 members of a battalion that had fallen prisoner 37 years before. Thus, the search for strongyloidiasis in veterans of the Far East theater should be emphasized.
Inhibition of <b> <i>Smoothened</i> </b> Signaling Prevents Ultraviolet B-Induced Basal Cell Carcinomas through Regulation of Fas Expression and Apoptosis
Authors: Mohammad Athar, Chengxin Li, Xiuwei Tang, Sumin Chi, Xiaoli Zhang, Arianna L. Kim, Stephen K. Tyring, Levy Kopelovich, Jennifer Hebert, Ervin H. Epstein, David R. Bickers, Jingwu Xie
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abnormal activation of the hedgehog-signaling pathway is the pivotal abnormality driving the growth of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), the most common type of human cancer. Antagonists of this pathway such as cyclopamine may therefore be useful for treatment of basal cell carcinomas and other hedgehog-driven tumors. We report here that chronic oral administration of cyclopamine dramatically reduces ( approximately 66%) UVB induced basal cell carcinoma formation in Ptch1(+/-) mice. Fas expression is low in human and murine basal cell carcinomas but is up-regulated in the presence of the smoothened (SMO) antagonist, cyclopamine, both in vitro in the mouse basal cell carcinoma cell line ASZ001 and in vivo after acute treatment of mice with basal cell carcinomas. This parallels an elevated rate of apoptosis. Conversely, expression of activated SMO in C3H10T1/2 cells inhibits Fas expression. Fas/Fas ligand interactions are necessary for cyclopamine-mediated apoptosis in these cells, a process involving caspase-8 activation. Our data provide strong evidence that cyclopamine and perhaps other SMO antagonists are potent in vivo inhibitors of UVB-induced basal cell carcinomas in Ptch1(+/-) mice and likely in humans because the majority of human basal cell carcinomas manifest mutations in PTCH1 and that a major mechanism of their inhibitory effect is through up-regulation of Fas, which augments apoptosis.
US Assessment of HPV Types in Cancers: Implications for Current and 9-Valent HPV Vaccines
Authors: Mona Saraiya, Elizabeth R. Unger, Trevor D. Thompson, Charles F. Lynch, Brenda Y. Hernandez, Christopher W. Lyu, Martin Steinau, Meg Watson, Edward J. Wilkinson, Claudia Hopenhayn, Glenn Copeland, Wendy Cozen, Edward S. Peters, Youjie Huang, Maria Sibug Saber, Sean Altekruse, Marc T. Goodman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

This study sought to determine the prevaccine type-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers in the United States to evaluate the potential impact of the HPV types in the current and newly approved 9-valent HPV vaccines. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention partnered with seven US population-based cancer registries to obtain archival tissue for cancers diagnosed from 1993 to 2005. HPV testing was performed on 2670 case patients that were fairly representative of all participating cancer registry cases by age and sex. Demographic and clinical data were evaluated by anatomic site and HPV status. Current US cancer registry data and the detection of HPV types were used to estimate the number of cancers potentially preventable through vaccination. HPV DNA was detected in 90.6% of cervical, 91.1% of anal, 75.0% of vaginal, 70.1% of oropharyngeal, 68.8% of vulvar, 63.3% of penile, 32.0% of oral cavity, and 20.9% of laryngeal cancers, as well as in 98.8% of cervical cancer in situ (CCIS). A vaccine targeting HPV 16/18 potentially prevents the majority of invasive cervical (66.2%), anal (79.4%), oropharyngeal (60.2%), and vaginal (55.1%) cancers, as well as many penile (47.9%), vulvar (48.6%) cancers: 24 858 cases annually. The 9-valent vaccine also targeting HPV 31/33/45/52/58 may prevent an additional 4.2% to 18.3% of cancers: 3944 cases annually. For most cancers, younger age at diagnosis was associated with higher HPV 16/18 prevalence. With the exception of oropharyngeal cancers and CCIS, HPV 16/18 prevalence was similar across racial/ethnic groups. In the United States, current vaccines will reduce most HPV-associated cancers; a smaller additional reduction would be contributed by the new 9-valent vaccine.