tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute delta hepatitis without circulating HBsAg.
Authors: K M De Cock, S Govindarajan, A G Redeker
Journal: Gut (1985)

<h3>Background and methodology</h3> Treatment of individuals with chlamydial infection and their sexual partners is an important aspect of reproductive health care. Partners of infected individuals are currently offered ‘epidemiological treatment’, which means that they are offered antibiotic treatment at their first visit without waiting for the result of their chlamydia test. We carried out a study to identify the risk factors for chlamydial infection in partners of infected individuals. Individuals attending a genitourinary clinic as chlamydia contacts were identified and asked to complete a questionnaire about their relationship with the index case and their prior sexual history. The result of their chlamydia test was then analysed against those variables. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 115 chlamydia contacts were analysed in this study; 60 (52%) were found to be positive for chlamydial infection. In a multivariate analysis, young age, more than one episode of sexual intercourse with the infected partner and a greater total number of sexual partners were associated with a positive chlamydia result. A prediction model for chlamydial infection using these risk factors had a discriminatory ability quantified by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.66–0.85). <h3>Discussion and conclusions</h3> The risk factors identified can be used when discussing epidemiological treatment with individuals who attend sexual health services as chlamydia contacts, or to target clinic resources to a higher-risk group. Larger studies will be necessary to assess the benefits and risks of changing to a policy of offering epidemiologic treatment to ‘high-risk’ contacts only, identified using a predictive model such as the one described here.
Cost-benefit of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration in older patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with combination chemotherapy
Authors: V. Zagonel, R. Babare, M.C. Merola, R. Talamini, R. Lazzarini, U. Tirelli, A. Carbone, S. Monfardini
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)
PPARγ ligands inhibit primary tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting angiogenesis
Authors: Dipak Panigrahy, Samuel Singer, Lucy Q. Shen, Catherine E. Butterfield, Deborah A. Freedman, Emy J. Chen, Marsha A. Moses, Susan Kilroy, Stefan Duensing, Christopher Fletcher, Jonathan A. Fletcher, Lynn Hlatky, Philip Hahnfeldt, Judah Folkman, Arja Kaipainen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Several drugs approved for a variety of indications have been shown to exhibit antiangiogenic effects. Our study focuses on the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone, a compound widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that PPARγ is highly expressed in tumor endothelium and is activated by rosiglitazone in cultured endothelial cells. Furthermore, we show that rosiglitazone suppresses primary tumor growth and metastasis by both direct and indirect antiangiogenic effects. Rosiglitazone inhibits bovine capillary endothelial cell but not tumor cell proliferation at low doses in vitro and decreases VEGF production by tumor cells. In our in vivo studies, rosiglitazone suppresses angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane, in the avascular cornea, and in a variety of primary tumors. These results suggest that PPARγ ligands may be useful in treating angiogenic diseases such as cancer by inhibiting angiogenesis.
Vomiting after Operations on the Stomach
Authors: A. R. Short
Journal: BMJ (1927)

TErz Ts-1135 disease is superimposed upon the first infection because resulting imiimunization is an ineffective protection against tubercle bacilli in vast numbers. Conclusions.Latent tuberculous lesions of the lungs and tracheo- -bronchial lymph nodes are revealed by radiological examina- tion, and when they are accompanied by an active tuberculin reaction it may be assumed that they are niot dormant or healed.These lesions, well knowln to pathologists, may have grave clinical significance.They are not infrequently the source of tuberculosis of meninges, bone, genito-urinary system, adrenals, and other organs; they may produce cliniically recognizable pulmonary tuberculosis of the type of childhood, or, as an index of exposure to tuberculous infection, may be followed by the adult type of pulmonary disease.Latenit tuberculosis of the tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes of young children and latent apical tuberculosis of children during the second decade of life indicate the presence of grave infection, and may forewarn against clinically manifest disease.These latent legions appear with great frequency in families exposed to open tuberculosis.All members of families in contact with tuberculosis should be given repeated tuberculin tests and radiological examina- tions even though they appear to be in good health.Wheii these examinations reveal grave latent disease the well known measures directed to retard the progress of tuber- culosis will prevent the development of manifest disease.Tuberculous infection in childhood increases resistance to the disease, but is at the same time a source of danger.Recognition and control of latent infection are effective means of preventing tuberculosis.
Marine n-3 Fatty Acids, Wine Intake, and Heart Rate Variability in Patients Referred for Coronary Angiography
Authors: Jeppe Hagstrup Christensen, Helle Aarup Skou, Lars Fog, Vibeke Ellegaard Hansen, Thomas Vesterlund, Jørn Dyerberg, Egon Toft, Erik Berg Schmidt
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) derived from fish may reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD). In addition, wine drinking is suggested to have a protective effect against cardiovascular death. Methods and Results —We included 291 patients referred for coronary angiography in whom ischemic heart disease was suspected and all of whom completed a food questionnaire regarding fish and wine intake. The n-3 PUFA composition of granulocyte membranes and of adipose tissue was measured. In addition, 24-hour heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed. Fish intake was positively associated with the level of n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue. Significant positive correlation coefficients were found between HRV indices and the levels of n-3 PUFAs in granulocytes. Wine intake was also significantly positively related to HRV, but the patients with the highest wine intake also had the highest intake of fish, as documented by a high n-3 PUFA content in adipose tissue. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that traditional factors such as treatment with β-blockers, smoking, age, and previous myocardial infarction were independently related to HRV, and furthermore that n-3 PUFAs (but not wine intake) were significantly independently associated with HRV. Conclusions —The close positive association between n-3 PUFAs and HRV in patients suspected of having ischemic heart disease may indicate a protective effect of n-3 PUFAs against SCD. This may partly explain the reduction in SCD observed in humans with a modest intake of n-3 PUFA. Wine intake was also positively correlated with HRV, but this correlation was no longer significant after controlling for the cellular level of n-3 PUFA.
Reduced neointima in vein grafts following a blockage of cell recruitment from the vein and the surrounding tissue
Authors: P FOGELSTRAND, K OSTERBERG, E MATTSSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Accumulation of intimal smooth muscle cells (SMC) is an important event in vein graft-stenosis. Different SMC sources have been reported, but their interrelations have been poorly studied. In a mouse vein graft model we investigated whether recipient-derived intimal SMCs are recruited from the surrounding tissue and whether blockage of SMC recruitment from the surrounding tissue and/or the donor vein will reduce neointimal formation.To detect recipient-derived cells, wild-type veins were implanted into ROSA26 transgenic mice. To block cell recruitment from the surrounding tissue, implanted veins were isolated with a tube-shaped plastic film. To exclude vein-derived cells in the neointimal formation, acellular veins were implanted.In vein grafts isolated from the surrounding tissue the recipient contribution became minimal, but the total number of SMCs was not decreased. Acellular grafts contained an equal number of intimal SMCs as cellular controls after 4 weeks. Isolation of acellular grafts from the surrounding tissue decreased the number of intimal SMCs by 90%.Recipient-derived SMCs are mainly recruited from the surrounding tissue. Cell recruitment from either the vein or the surrounding tissue is enough to form a neointima. Therefore, a simultaneous inhibition of both these sources is needed to reduce accumulation of intimal SMCs.
Contextual information processing of brain in art appreciation
Authors: Shigeko Takahashi, Yoshimichi Ejima
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract A psycho-historical framework for the science of art appreciation will be an experimental discipline that may shed new light on the highest capacities of the human brain, yielding new scientific ways to talk about the art appreciation. The recent findings of the contextual information processing in the human brain make the concept of the art-historical context clear for empirical experimentation.
Are Short Telomeres Predictive of Advanced Cancer?
Authors: Jerry W. Shay
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

The combination of variable telomere length in cancer cells and shorter telomere length in cancer-associated stromal cells strongly correlates with progression to prostate cancer metastasis and cancer death. The implication is that telomere length measurements have potential not only as prognostic indicators of prostate cancer outcomes but also as risk stratification enrichment biomarkers for individualized therapeutic interventions.
Earlier help could reduce current "unsustainable" burden on NHS of alcohol
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The unsustainable burden that alcohol currently places on the NHS needs to be tackled urgently, says a report from doctors and NHS managers.

The briefing report claims that alcohol related problems now cost the NHS £2.7bn (€3bn; $4.3bn) a year and urges various steps to be taken to reverse the trend, which has seen the cost to the NHS of excessive drinking double in the past five years.

The report has been published jointly by the NHS Confederation, which represents most NHS organisations, and the Royal College of Physicians.

It says that most of the cost to the NHS falls on hospital and ambulance services that deal with the …
Cellular and ionic signal transduction mechanisms for the mechanical activation of renal arterial vascular smooth muscle.
Authors: R J Roman, D R Harder
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Elevations in transmural pressure increase active vascular tone in arteries from most vascular beds, and this myogenic response has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of blood flow in the kidney and other organs. The myogenic response in isolated perfused arteries is associated with depolarization of vascular smooth muscle cells and a rise in intracellular calcium concentration, which is dependent on calcium influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Recent studies have indicated that the myogenic response in renal arteries is associated with the activation of phospholipase C and that arachidonic acid potentiates, whereas inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 and protein kinase C attenuate, this response. Renal arteries produce 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) via the cytochrome P-450 pathway when incubated with arachidonic acid. 20-HETE is a potent constrictor of canine and rat renal arterioles. It inhibits K+ channel activity, depolarizes renal vascular smooth muscle cells, and produces a sustained increase in intracellular calcium concentration. In this regard, the vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE mimics the myogenic activation of renal arteries after elevations in transmural pressure. These studies suggest that the activation of phospholipase C and subsequent increases in the intracellular levels of diacylglycerol, 1,4,5 inositol triphosphate, and cytochrome P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid may participate in the myogenic response of renal arteries and in the regulation of renal vascular tone.
Reactivity: an issue for short-term pedometer studies?: Figure 1
Authors: S A Clemes, N Matchett, S L Wane
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

To investigate the influence of wearing a pedometer and recording daily step counts on ambulatory activity.During the first visit to the laboratory, 50 healthy volunteers, blinded to the study aim, were provided with a sealed pedometer (New-Lifestyles NL-2000) and informed that it was a "body posture monitor" (sealed condition). Participants wore the pedometer throughout waking hours for one week. Upon returning to the laboratory step counts were downloaded and participants were informed that the device was actually a pedometer. They were requested to wear it unsealed for a second one-week period, and to record their step counts in an activity log (unsealed condition).Mean (SD) daily step counts reported in the sealed condition (9541 (3186) steps/day) were significantly lower than step counts reported in the unsealed condition (11385 (3763) steps/day) (p<0.001).Step counts increased significantly in the unsealed condition. Possible mechanisms for this include the knowledge of wearing a pedometer, the visible step count display and the completion of the activity log. This has validity implications for short-term studies (duration </=1 week) investigating habitual pedometer-determined activity levels.
Apurinic/Apyrmidinic Endonuclease 1 Regulates Endothelial NO Production and Vascular Tone
Authors: Byeong Hwa Jeon, Gaurav Gupta, Young Chul Park, Bing Qi, Azeb Haile, Firdous A. Khanday, Yan-Xia Liu, Jin-Man Kim, Michitaka Ozaki, Anthony R. White, Dan E. Berkowitz, Kaikobad Irani
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

The dual-function protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor-1 (APE1/ref-1) is essential for DNA repair and also governs the reductive activation of many redox-sensitive transcription factors. We examined the role of APE1/ref-1 in regulation of endothelium-dependent tone and systemic blood pressure. APE1/ref-1+/- mice have impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, reduced vascular NO levels, and are hypertensive. APE1/ref-1 upregulates H-ras expression and leads to H-ras-mediated, phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt kinase-dependent calcium sensitization of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), stimulating NO production. The reducing property of APE1/ref-1 is essential for upregulation of H-ras and for the calcium sensitization of eNOS. These findings uncover a novel physiological role for APE1/ref-1 in regulating vascular tone by governance of eNOS activity and bioavailable NO.
Rapidly Expanding Pulmonary Nodule Caused by Pittsburgh Pneumonia Agent
Authors: A. Robin Ellis
Journal: JAMA (1981)

PITTSBURGH pneumonia agent (PPA), also known as TATLOCK and HEBA, and tentatively ascribed to the genus<i>Legionella (L micdadei)</i>, has recently been identified as a cause of pneumonia in patients receiving high-dose steroid therapy for rejection of renal transplants.<sup>1-4</sup>We report a case of a rapidly expanding pulmonary nodule caused by PPA in an immunosuppressed renal transplant patient. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 59-year-old man had a cadaveric renal transplantation because of renal failure caused by familial polycystic kidney disease. After transplantation, he was given prednisone, 2 mg/kg/day, and azathioprine, 3 mg/kg/day. During the next six weeks of hospitalization, he had four episodes of acute graft rejection, each treated with methylprednisolone sodium succinate pulse therapy, 30 to 90 mg/kg/day for three days. He was discharged from the hospital with instructions to take prednisone, 70 mg/day, and azathioprine, 50 mg/day, but was readmitted one week later for a rising serum
Condensing osteitis of the clavicle: magnetic resonance imaging as an adjunct method for differential diagnosis.
Authors: M A Vierboom, J D Steinberg, E L Mooyaart, M H van Rijswijk
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Condensing osteitis of the clavicle is a benign disorder leading to osteosclerosis of the medial end of the clavicle. The differential diagnosis between condensing osteitis of the clavicle and ischaemic necrosis of the medial clavicular epiphysis (Friedrich9s disease), osteoid osteoma, and low grade osteomyelitis can be difficult. In the case history reported here, magnetic resonance imaging was a useful non-invasive procedure for the diagnosis of condensing osteitis of the clavicle.
Avulsion of the right main stem bronchus associated to a false aneurysm of the right subclavian artery after closed chest trauma.
Authors: J P Barroy, M Gelin, M Van Stratum, J P Dereume, P Vanderhoeft
Journal: Thorax (1979)

<h3>Background</h3> In clinical practice, postpartum blood loss is usually estimated visually. Studies have demonstrated visual estimation of blood loss is inaccurate in comparison to other methods, but little attention has been given to gravimetric measurement (weighing). <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the difference between gravimetric measurement of blood loss (MBL) and visual estimation of blood loss (EBL) after delivery. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective study recruited women in labour or having elective caesarean section. Blood-stained items from delivery were weighed, and the total dry weight of items subtracted from total blood-stained weight. Blood weight (g) was converted into blood volume (ml). <h3>Results</h3> There were 60 normal vaginal deliveries, 24 instrumental deliveries and 25 caesarean sections (n=109). MBL was significantly higher than EBL in instrumental deliveries (p=0.018, Mann–Whitney) and caesarean sections (p=0.0268, Mann Whitney). There was no significant difference in MBL and EBL in normal vaginal deliveries. Blood loss was underestimated in 75% of women, and overestimated in 23%. In EBL &lt;249 ml median difference to MBL was underestimation of 55 ml (range overestimation 80 ml – underestimation 420 ml). In EBL 250–499 ml median difference to MBL was underestimation of 65 ml (range overestimation 219 ml – underestimation 760 ml). In EBL ≥500 ml median difference to MBL was underestimation of 272 ml (range overestimation 115 ml – underestimation 1375 ml). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Gravimetric measurement is economical and easy to perform. It should be employed as an adjunct to visual estimation with blood loss greater than 250 ml, and should be utilised in instrumental deliveries and caesarean sections.
A Role for Ca <sup>2+</sup> /Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade of Cultured Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: S. Thomas Abraham, Holly A. Benscoter, Charles M. Schworer, Harold A. Singer
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Exposure of cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells to the Ca 2+ ionophore ionomycin produced an increase in extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity that was maximal between 2 and 5 minutes but then declined to basal values within 20 minutes of stimulation. Elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i in VSM cells leads to an even more rapid activation of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II); thus, it was postulated that the Ca 2+ -dependent component of ERK1/2 activation was mediated by CaM kinase II. Transient ERK1/2 activation by ionomycin was almost completely abolished by pretreating cells with 30 μmol/L KN-93, a CaM kinase II inhibitor. Treatment of cells with KN-93 did not antagonize the ability of ionomycin to mobilize intracellular Ca 2+ but prevented CaM kinase II and ERK1/2 activation with almost identical potencies. Consistent with a role for Ca 2+ and calmodulin in intracellular Ca 2+ –induced activation of ERK, cells pretreated with calmodulin inhibitors (W-7 or calmidazolium) exhibited an attenuated ERK response to ionomycin. ERK1/2 activation in response to phorbol esters and platelet-derived growth factor were not significantly affected by KN-93, whereas the response to angiotensin II and thrombin were attenuated by 60% and 40%, respectively. Transient expression of wild-type δ 2 CaM kinase II in COS-7 cells resulted in increased ERK2 activity, whereas coexpression of wild-type and a kinase-negative mutant resulted in a diminution of this response. These data suggest that regulation of cellular responses by Ca 2+ -dependent pathways in VSM cells may be mediated in part by CaM kinase II–dependent activation of ERK1/2.
Cancer Collusion?: Dietary Fat May Modify Dioxin-Induced Mammary Cancer Risk
Authors: M. Nathaniel Mead
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

No Link in Men without Occupational ExposuresOccupational exposure to organochlorine compounds during pesticide manufacturing or application has been associated with prostate cancer incidence.However, prostate cancer was not clearly associated with plasma levels of organochlorine compounds among Japanese men in the general population, according to results of a large-scale prospective study [EHP 118:659-665; Sawada et al.].Organochlorines can act as endocrine disruptors.Studies in animals and humans have reported evidence of associations between significant environmental exposures and effects such as urogenital malformation in boys born to agricultural workers.Organochlorines were banned in the 1970s in Japan, where the current study was based.However, because these compounds persist in the environment, environmental exposures may still be affecting human health.In a nested case-control study, the authors tracked the incidence of prostate cancer among 14,203 men aged 40-69 who were enrolled in a prospective study through the Japan Public Health Center.Participants responded to baseline health questionnaires and provided blood samples between 1990 and 1995; they were followed through 2005.The authors identified 201 participants who were diagnosed with prostate cancer during the period of the study, each of whom was matched with two controls from the study cohort.The baseline blood samples from these 603 men were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and several organochlorine pesticides.The authors found no statistically significant associations between blood levels of any organochlorine and prostate cancer.Contrary to expectations, men who developed cancer had lower blood levels of the pesticides hexachlorobenzene and β-hexachlorocyclohexane than men who did not develop cancer, though these inverse associations were not statistically significant.Strengths of the study include the large number of participants and the use of biological samples collected many years before diagnosis.However, the authors acknowledge the small number of cases of prostate cancer may have limited their ability to detect associations with organochlorine exposures.Moreover, the length of followup may have been insufficient to fully detect incidence of prostate cancer, which is generally slow to develop.Kris S. Freeman has written for Encarta encyclopedia, NIH, ABCNews.com,