tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Using Restriction-Map Analysis to Characterize the Colonization Process of Drosophila subobscura on the American Continent I. Rp49 Region
Authors: Julio Rozas, Montserrat Aguadk
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1991)

Chromosomal polymorphism as well as restriction-site variation for the rp49 region have been analyzed in one North American and one South American population of Drosophila subobscura.Seven tetranucleotide-recognizing restriction enzymes have been used to study nucleotide variation.Five restriction-site and five length polymorphisms have been detected, all but one length polymorphism being present in both populations.Only eight haplotypes have been detected in the American samples, compared with 70 haplotypes detected in two European populations; seven of the eight haplotypes detected in America are present in both populations.The distribution of haplotypes in North and South America confirms the relatedness of both colonization events.If the population of origin showed a similar or higher haplotype diversity than that estimated for the two European populations, then the number of 0 chromosomes for the rp49 region that expanded in the new area would most probably be 8-12.
Medicine and books: Textbook of Travel Medicine and Health
Authors: C J Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ed Herbert L Dupont, Robert Steffen 

B C Decker, £55, pp 600 

ISBN 1 55009 037 2 

For millennia people have associated travel with illness. But only in this century has travel related illness become an issue for individuals rather than for masses travelling together for reasons of fight or flight and sharing in the resulting epidemics. 

Mass individual travel really started in a big way in 1970 with the introduction of the Boeing 747 aircraft and has grown steadily ever since. At that time vaccination against typhoid and hepatitis A was already well established, and both diseases had been known since the first world war or earlier to be associated with foreign travel. Combining these two facts led quickly to a widespread expectation of “jabs” for travel before anyone attempted to quantify the risks that they were meant to reduce. 

Some evidence now exists to enable us to identify those in whom immunisation against these and other infections can be justified, but old habits die hard and for many travellers it is enough to know that a disease is present in their intended destination and that a vaccine exists to prevent it for a demand to be made. 


Two dedicated doctors of my acquaintance heading for a honeymoon in Kenya discovered that they were the only tourists in “economy class” who had not been immunised against the meningococcus. The prevalence of this infection is indeed high in Kenya, but its incidence in typical tourists is virtually zero. 


Reviewers have rated books on a 4 star scale (4=excellent)



While the public may see travel preparation as a ritualised ordeal of injections, their carers have had other ideas—so many, in fact, that limiting the scope of travel medicine seems as hard as it is for public health, with a similar risk that ever greater breadth eventually leads to a loss of focus and depth. Another dilemma for public health applies to travellers too—how much is the individual’s responsibility and how much the carer’s? Travellers must not believe that their participation in a vaccination ritual will absolve them from the need to behave safely, especially when they may need some explicit education on what behaviour is safe in an unfamiliar environment. 

The proposed subspecialty of travel medicine recognises this second dilemma, but, judging by the first major textbook for professionals on the subject, some of its proponents have not grasped that prioritisation in health education is imperative. One of the chapters advises travellers to read more than one book on traveller’s health before departure, because different sources may give conflicting advice. This seems to be taking the flight from paternalism too far. 

Those who advise would-be travellers must relate their advice to the individual needs of the people consulting them and have the confidence and vision to limit their advice to what a traveller is likely to assimilate. Valuable though this comprehensive book will be, it would have been improved by some vigorous pruning. Simple messages stick.
Stratifying patients by perioperative risk is equivalent to screening
Authors: S. Howell, P. Foex
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—N Mamode and colleagues are correct when they state that studies of the risk of perioperative myocardial infarction are needed.1 Their study goes some way to meeting this need. The way in which they present their data, however, makes it difficult to draw useful conclusions. The results of tests of association (χ2 and Fisher's exact tests) are shown, but no indication is given of the relative risk associated with each risk factor, and no adjustment …
Unbalanced recovery of regulatory and effector T cells after allogeneic stem cell transplantation contributes to chronic GVHD
Authors: Ana C. Alho, Haesook T. Kim, Marie J. Chammas, Carol G. Reynolds, Tiago R. Matos, Edouard Forcade, Jennifer Whangbo, Sarah Nikiforow, Corey S. Cutler, John Koreth, Vincent T. Ho, Philippe Armand, Joseph H. Antin, Edwin P. Alyea, Joao F. Lacerda, Robert J. Soiffer, Jerome Ritz
Journal: Blood (2015)
Abstract 2996: Captopril Restores Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Acute Salt Loading and Angiotensin II Infusion in Healthy Salt-Sensitive African American Men
Authors: Rigobert Lapu-Bula, Jan Morgan, Adefisayo Oduwole, Charles Sow, Raquel Bennett, Vonsina Clark, Natalia Silvestrov, Gordon Williams, Elizabeth Ofili, Gary Gibbons
Journal: Circulation (2008)
miR-634 restores drug sensitivity in resistant ovarian cancer cells by targeting the Ras-MAPK pathway
Authors: Marijn T. M. van Jaarsveld, Patricia F. van Kuijk, Antonius W. M. Boersma, Jozien Helleman, Wilfred F. van IJcken, Ron H. J. Mathijssen, Joris Pothof, Els M. J. J. Berns, Jaap Verweij, Erik A. C. Wiemer
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Drug resistance hampers the efficient treatment of malignancies, including advanced stage ovarian cancer, which has a 5-year survival rate of only 30 %. The molecular processes underlying resistance have been extensively studied, however, not much is known about the involvement of microRNAs. Differentially expressed microRNAs between cisplatin sensitive and resistant cancer cell line pairs were determined using microarrays. Mimics were used to study the role of microRNAs in drug sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines and patient derived tumor cells. Luciferase reporter constructs were used to establish regulation of target genes by microRNAs. MiR-634 downregulation was associated with cisplatin resistance. Overexpression of miR-634 affected cell cycle progression and enhanced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. miR-634 resensitized resistant ovarian cancer cell lines and patient derived drug resistant tumor cells to cisplatin. Similarly, miR-634 enhanced the response to carboplatin and doxorubicin, but not to paclitaxel. The cell cycle regulator CCND1, and Ras-MAPK pathway components GRB2, ERK2 and RSK2 were directly repressed by miR-634 overexpression. Repression of the Ras-MAPK pathway using a MEK inhibitor phenocopied the miR-634 effects on viability and chemosensitivity. miR-634 levels determine chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. We identify miR-634 as a therapeutic candidate to resensitize chemotherapy resistant ovarian tumors.
Carboplatin/Paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for stage III endometrial adenocarcinoma
Authors: C. M. Morosky, D. O'Malley, J. Tangir, R. S. Zelkowitz, M. Azodi, S. Chambers, P. Schwartz, T. Rutherford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5071 Background: The standard therapy for stage III endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been surgical staging followed by adjuvant radiation therapy. Recent trials have suggested that platinum-based chemotherapy can also be used to manage advanced stage EAC. This retrospective analysis evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients treated with adjuvant carboplatin/paclitaxel (carbo/taxol) therapy plus vaginal cuff radiation (VCR) for stage III EAC. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent complete staging surgery from 1997 to 2003 at our institution. Thirty four patients were identified with stage III EAC. Twenty-six patients (12=IIIa, 14=IIIc) were able to be evaluated. Eleven patients (6=IIIa, 5=IIIc) had undergone carbo (AUC of 5) and taxol (175mg/m2 over 3 hours) chemotherapy given every 3 weeks for 6 cycles along with VCR (total 1400–1500 cGy over 2–3 fractions) as adjuvant therapy. Results: The mean age was 64 (45–85) years old. All patients completed 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Ten of eleven patients completed 6 cycles of carbo/taxol therapy. In one patient doxorubicin was substituted for taxol at cycle #3 due to hypersensitivity. Two patients required a dose reduction (one for grade III neutropenia, one for grade II arthralgia). The mean follow up period was 19 (8–54) months. All patients are alive with no evidence of recurrence at the last follow up visit. Conclusions: Adjuvant therapy with carbo/taxol plus VCR for stage III EAC is a well tolerated regimen with acceptable toxicities. Systemic chemotherapy in addition to VCR may be a better tolerated adjuvant regimen with equal or improved efficacy when compared to radiation therapy based upon historical data. Future prospective trials will need to compare the efficacy of carbo/taxol-based chemotherapies to radiation therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Extracellular DNA: A Bridge to Cancer
Authors: Martha C. Hawes, Fushi Wen, Emad Elquza
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

DNase I is a secreted enzyme whose function has been presumed to control "waste management" in the human system, by degrading DNA that leaks from dead and dying cells. Emerging studies have instead yielded evidence that DNase I plays a central role in newly defined dynamics of immune and autoimmune diseases, as well as cancer and vascular disorders, including thrombosis. Cancer cells have been reported to be associated with distinctive extracellular structures that facilitate aggregation and implantation. The fact that DNA is a component of such structures and that it plays a role in cancer development is illustrated by direct evidence: DNase I added to tumor cells eliminates the structures and inhibits tumorigenicity of some cancer cell lines. DNase I injected into experimental animals, moreover, results in significant inhibition of metastasis. Despite independent observations of such phenomena in diverse cancers for over 50 years, the potential for using DNase I as a clinical tool to prevent or treat cancer remains unexplored. The discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps has yielded a conceptual framework for interpreting how extracellular DNA may function in cancer development and why it may prove to be an important clinical target in stopping cancer outside the cell.
Strut Coverage After Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Implantation in the Superficial Femoral Artery
Authors: Kojiro Miki, Kenichi Fujii, Masashi Fukunaga, Machiko Nishimura, Tetsuo Horimatsu, Ten Saita, Akinori Sumiyoshi, Hiroto Tamaru, Takahiro Imanaka, Masahiko Shibuya, Yoshiro Naito, Tohru Masuyama, Masaharu Ishihara
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
Vaccination of colorectal cancer patients with carcinoembryonic antigen peptide-loaded dendritic cells
Authors: W. J. Lesterhuis, I. J. de Vries, D. Schuurhuis, N. Scharenborg, M. Brouwer, A. de Boer, C. Figdor, T. Ruers, G. Adema, C. J. Punt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

2544 Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen presenting cells of the immune system, capable of inducing an effective anti-tumor immune response. They can be cultured in large quantities from peripheral blood monocytes from cancer patients, loaded with tumor antigen ex vivo and subsequently reinjected into the patients. Currently DC are employed by us and others in clinical vaccination protocols and objective clinical and immunological responses have been observed. Recent investigations indicate that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an effective target for DC-based immunotherapy. However, very little data exist concerning the induction of an in vivo immune response, in colorectal cancer patients. We have initiated a clinical study with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and CEA-peptide loaded DC in HLA-A2.1 positive patients with resectable liver metastases of recurrent colorectal cancer. Patients are vaccinated 3 times intravenously and intradermally with autologous CEA-loaded mature DC prior to surgical resection of the metastases. Immuno-monitoring consists of T cell responses in peripheral blood, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, and in resected tumor and lymph node material. To date, 7 patients have completed vaccination. Treatment was well tolerated with minor side effects. Vaccination resulted in an antibody response and a proliferative T cell response against KLH in all tested patients. Furthermore, CEA-peptide specific T cells were observed in T cell cultures from positive DTH reaction sites in 5 pts. These T cells were not detected in biopsy specimens of the first vaccination site, indicating a de novo induction. CEA-tetramer positive T cells were also detected in blood (1 pt) and abdominal lymph nodes (1 pt) obtained after vaccination. Together, these results demonstrate that CEA-pulsed dendritic cells are capable of inducing specific immune reactions in colorectal cancer patients. Our previous results have shown that specific T cell responses in DTH infiltrating T lymphocytes in stage IV melanoma patients were correlated with survival (de Vries et al. submitted for publication). Therefore these observations warrant further confirmation in our ongoing study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
O016 : Hepatitis B surface antigen and DNA levels can identify inactive carriers and predict lower risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis among genotype B and C chronic hepatitis B carriers
Authors: J. Liu, H.-I. Yang, M.-H. Lee, R. Batrla-Utermann, C.-L. Jen, S.-N. Lu, L.-Y. Wang, S.-L. You, C.-J. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Opportunities for Improvement: Experience at One Institution
Authors: Ronald S Walters
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

In spring of 2011, 11 NCCN Member Institutions were invited to participate in an opportunity to use the NCCN Breast Oncology Outcomes Database to identify opportunities for improvement in the quality of patient care in breast cancer and to implement measures that would target such improvement. The identified measures focused on the administration of treatment that is concordant with selected sections in the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Breast Cancer or timely access to and administration of care. Each institution chose their project based on the individual opportunities specific to that institution.
Four New CRISPR Nucleases Characterized
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Behavioural and emotional problems in children affected by parental migration in rural China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yun Wang, Therese Hesketh, Xu-Dong Zhou
Journal: The Lancet (2015)

BackgroundConcerns for the welfare and human capital development of children of migrant workers in China are growing. An estimated 60 million children were left behind in rural areas, and a further 15 million accompanied their parents to urban areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of migration on psychosocial and developmental outcomes of left-behind children (LBC) and urban migrant children (UMC).MethodsSelf-completion and well-validated questionnaires were administered to primary-school and middle-school children, who were identified by random stratified sampling of schools and within schools in two rural counties and two cities, which are the major feeder and receiving areas for migrants in Zhejiang province, respectively. The questionnaire included migration status and history, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which measures emotional disorders, conduct disorders, hyperactivity, peer problems, and prosocial behaviours. Logistic regression was used to define the effect of migration on SDQ outcomes. Informed consent was obtained from children and their parents, and ethical approval from Zhejiang University Research Ethics Committee.FindingsFull data were available for 1876 UMC and 671 LBC aged 9–17 years (1287 boys and 1124 girls [136 were excluded in the analysis because of missing data]; mean age 13·5 years [SD 1·5] for boys and 13·3 years [1·6] for girls). 192 (8%; 120 [6%] UMC and 72 [11%] LBC) had emotional disorders, 298 (12%; 221 [12%] UMC and 77 [12%] LBC) had conduct disorders, 300 (12%; 214 [11%] UMC and 86 [13%] LBC) showed hyperactivity, 357 (14%; 96 [5%] UMC and 261 [39%] LBC) reported peer problems, and 2327 (91%; 1726 [92%] UMC and 601 [90%] LBC) had prosocial tendency. Compared with UMC, LBC manifested more emotional disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1·77 [95% CI 1·26–2·48]; p=0·001) and peer problems (11·21 [8·46–14·85]; p=0·000), but were less likely to be prosocial (0·71 [0·51–0·99]; p=0·04). Large differences were reported between the two groups in emotional disorders, peer problems, total difficulty score, and prosocial tendency, some of the key items of the SDQ.InterpretationMigration with parents, rather than separation from parents, led to more favourable emotional and behavioural outcomes. Follow-up studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of parental rural–urban migration on children.FundingUBS Optimus Foundation.
Autonomic Innervation, Atrial Electrogram Morphology, and Atrial Fibrillation⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Hakan Oral, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Abstract 16612: Efficacy and Safety of Edoxaban for the Management of Elderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Engage AF-TIMI 48
Authors: Eri Toda Kato, Robert P Giugliano, Christian T Ruff, Sabina A Murphy, Francesco Nordio, Tetsuya Kimura, James Jin, Hans Lanz, Michele Mercuri, Eugene Braunwald, Elliott M Antman
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with anticoagulants are at higher risk of both ischemic and bleeding events compared to younger patients. Intracranial bleeding (ICH) remains one of the most concerning complications of anticoagulation therapy, and risk is strongly related to age. The ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial showed that both the high (HD) and low dose (LD) regimens of the once daily oral factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban were non-inferior to well-managed warfarin (TTR 68.4%) in preventing stroke and systemic embolic events (SEE) while reducing major bleeding. Methods: 21,105 patients were enrolled in ENGAGE-TIMI 48 trial and stratified into pre-specified age categories: &lt;65 (n=5,497), 65 to 74 (n=7,134), ≥75 (n=8,474) years. The primary endpoints were stroke/SEE and major bleeding as defined by the ISTH and outcomes over 2.8 years of median follow-up compared by age and treatment. Results: Regardless of treatment, the risk of major bleeding and stroke/SEE increased with age (p&lt;0.001), but more markedly so for major bleeding. Both edoxaban regimens were similar to warfarin in effect on stroke/SEE across the age categories (HD vs. warfarin: &lt;65yr HR 0.94, 65-74yr HR 0.89, ≥75yr HR 0.83; LD vs. warfarin: &lt;65yr HR 1.42, 65-74yr HR 1.0, ≥75yr HR 1.12; P-int both NS). When comparing edoxaban with warfarin, a major impact was seen on absolute risk reduction for major bleeding, including ICH (figure). The edoxaban treatment benefits were consistent across ages (P-int NS for both). Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of edoxaban compared to well-managed warfarin are consistent regardless of age in patients with AF. Due to the higher risk of bleeding with increasing age, the absolute benefits of edoxaban are greater in the elderly.
Carcinogenicity of the Antischistosomal Nitrofuran &lt;italic&gt;trans&lt;/italic&gt;-5-Amino-3-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole
Authors: Harold A. Dunsford, C. Hans Keysser, Patrick M. Dolan, John L. Seed
 5, Ernest Bueding
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The antischistosomal and antitrypanosomal drug trans-5-amino-3-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole [(SQ18506) CAS: 28754-68-9; (E)-amino-3-(2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole] was carcinogenic for both male and female CD-1 mice when it was administered either in the diet or by gastric intubation. Dose-dependent increases in tumors of the forestomach and lymphatic tissues were observed in all groups receiving SQ18506 including mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The predominant tumor observed was squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach. The presence or absence of schistosome infection did not appear to alter the incidence or distribution of tumors at comparable doses of SQ18506. The incidence of bladder tumors was positively correlated with the dose in gastric intubation studies and inversely correlated with the dose in dietary studies. The carcinogen N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (CAS: 24554-26-5) was fed to male and female CD-1 mice in the diet as a positive control. The predominant tumor observed in these groups was transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. These data indicate that SQ18506 is unsuitable for use in the treatment of parasitic diseases.