tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colonic embolisation: useful but caution required
Authors: A P HEMINGWAY, D J ALLISON
Journal: Gut (1998)

See article on page79 

The value of diagnostic visceral angiography in the investigation and management of acute and chronic gastrointestinal bleeding is well established, its use in this role having been first described over 35 years ago.1 It is possible to identify the source of haemorrhage in 87% of patients actively bleeding at the time of the study, and to identify a lesion which could be responsible for the problem in 74% of those not bleeding at the time of investigation.2 These figures are dependent on a number of factors, including the use of meticulous angiographic technique, the quality of the imaging equipment and the experience of the operator in both the acquisition and interpretation of data.3 

In a patient thought to be actively bleeding at the time of the angiogram, the vessel most likely to be responsible is examined first—for example, the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in rectal bleeding, the coeliac axis in haematemesis. If a source is not found then the other major visceral vessels are studied in turn. If the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and IMA studies appear normal in a case of bleeding thought clinically to be of lower gastrointestinal origin, the coeliac axis should also be studied, not only because …
Overnight protection by inhaled salmeterol on exercise-induced asthma in children
Authors: KH Carlsen, O Roksund, K Olsholt, F Nja, J Leegaard, G Bratten
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The main aim of the present study was to evaluate whether inhaled salmeterol given in the evening protected against exercise-induced asthma the next morning. Twenty three children (12 males and 11 females) with a mean age of 11 yrs and with exercise-induced asthma participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. The children inhaled salmeterol 25 micrograms, salmeterol 50 micrograms and placebo by Diskhaler at 10 p.m. on 3 separate days. Next morning, half of the children ran on a motor-driven treadmill for 6 min at submaximal load at 8 a.m. and the remainder at 10 a.m. Lung function was measured by maximal expiratory flow-volume loops before running, immediately after, and 3, 6, 10 and 15 min after running. The mean maximum reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after treadmill run was 34% before inclusion in the study. Mean maximum fall in FEV1 was significantly greater after placebo: 30% (23-36) 95% confidence interval) than after salmeterol 25 micrograms: 19% (12-23) or salmeterol 50 micrograms: 18% (12-25). In addition to the reduced postexercise bronchoconstriction, pre-exercise lung function (FEV1) was significantly higher both after salmeterol 25 micrograms: 2.4 L.s-1 (2.1-2.7) and salmeterol 50 micrograms: 2.5 L.s-1 (2.2-2.8) than after placebo: 2.2 L.s-1 (1.9-2.5). No significant differences in pre- and postexercise lung function were found between children tested at 8 or 10 a.m., or in relation to salmeterol dosage. Thus, inhaled salmeterol 25 and 50 micrograms offered similar overnight protection against exercise-induced asthma and improved baseline lung function in the morning as compared to placebo.
Co-formulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir versus co-formulated efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial, analysis of results after 48 weeks
Authors: Paul E Sax, Edwin DeJesus, Anthony Mills, Andrew Zolopa, Calvin Cohen, David Wohl, Joel E Gallant, Hui C Liu, Lijie Zhong, Kitty Yale, Kirsten White, Brian P Kearney, Javier Szwarcberg, Erin Quirk, Andrew K Cheng
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
First-Line Cetuximab with Folfox or Folfiri Every 2 Weeks in Kras Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Phase II Apec Study
Authors: Ann-Lii Cheng, Gerardo Cornelio, Lin Shen, Timothy Price, Tsai-Sheng Yang, Ik-Joo Chung, Guang-Hai Dai, Jen-Kou Lin, Atul Sharma, Kun-Huei Yeh, Brigette Ma, Adel Zaatar, Zhong-Zhen Guan, Nehal Masood, Vichien Srimuninnimit, Thomas Yau, Barbara Sarholz, Robert Lim
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
VEGF <sub>165</sub> Expressed by a Replication-Deficient Recombinant Adenovirus Vector Induces Angiogenesis In Vivo
Authors: Judith Mühlhauser, Marsha J. Merrill, Roberto Pili, Hiroyuki Maeda, Mima Bacic, Burkhard Bewig, Antonino Passaniti, Nancy A. Edwards, Ronald G. Crystal, Maurizio C. Capogrossi
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract To evaluate the concept that localized delivery of angiogenic factors via virus-mediated gene transfer may be useful in the treatment of ischemic disorders, the replication-deficient adenovirus (Ad) vector AdCMV.VEGF 165 (where CMV is cytomegalovirus and VEGF is vascular endothelial growth factor) containing the cDNA for human VEGF 165 , a secreted endothelial cell–specific angiogenic growth factor, was constructed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat aorta smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) infected with AdCMV.VEGF 165 (5 and 20 plaque-forming units [pfu] per cell) demonstrated VEGF mRNA expression and protein secretion into the supernatant. Furthermore, the conditioned medium from these cells enhanced vascular permeability in vivo. In contrast, neither VEGF mRNA nor secreted protein was found in uninfected HUVECs or RASMCs or in cells infected with the control vector AdCMV.βgal (where βgal is β-galactosidase). Assessment of starved HUVECs at 14 days demonstrated sixfold more cells for AdCMV.VEGF 165 -infected HUVECs (20 pfu per cell) than for either infected or uninfected control cells. RASMC proliferation was unaffected by infection with AdCMV.VEGF 165 . When plated in 2% serum on dishes precoated with reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel), HUVECs infected with AdCMV.VEGF 165 (20 pfu per cell) differentiated into capillary-like structures. Under similar conditions, both uninfected HUVECs and HUVECs infected with AdCMV.βgal did not differentiate. To evaluate the ability of AdCMV.VEGF 165 to function in vivo, either AdCMV. VEGF 165 or AdCMV.βgal (2×10 10 pfu) was resuspended in 0.5 mL Matrigel and injected subcutaneously into mice. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated VEGF in the tissues surrounding the Matrigel plugs containing AdCMV.VEGF 165 up to 3 weeks after injection, whereas no VEGF was found in the control plugs with AdCMV.βgal. Two weeks after injection, there was histological evidence of neovascularization in the tissues surrounding the Matrigel containing AdCMV.VEGF 165 , whereas no significant angiogenesis was observed in response to AdCMV.βgal. Furthermore, the Matrigel plugs with AdCMV.VEGF 165 demonstrated hemoglobin content fourfold higher than the plugs with AdCMV.βgal. Together, these in vitro and in vivo studies are consistent with the concept that Ad vectors may provide a useful strategy for efficient local delivery of VEGF 165 in the treatment of ischemic diseases.
Should Central Obesity Be an Optional or Essential Component of the Metabolic Syndrome?
Authors: Jeannette Lee, Stefan Ma, Derrick Heng, Chee-Eng Tan, Suok-Kai Chew, Kenneth Hughes, E-Shyong Tai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) proposes that central obesity is an "essential" component of the metabolic syndrome, while the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) proposes that central obesity is an "optional" component. This study examines the effect of the metabolic syndrome with and without central obesity in an Asian population with ischemic heart disease (IHD).From the population-based cohort study (baseline 1992-1995), 4,334 healthy individuals were grouped by the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome and central obesity and followed up for an average of 9.6 years by linkage with three national registries. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of a first IHD event.The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 17.7% by IDF criteria and 26.2% by AHA/NHLBI criteria using Asian waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity. Asian Indians had higher rates than Chinese and Malays. There were 135 first IHD events. Compared with individuals without metabolic syndrome, those with central obesity/metabolic syndrome and no central obesity/metabolic syndrome were at significantly increased risk of IHD, with adjusted HRs of 2.8 (95% CI 1.8-4.2) and 2.5 (1.5-4.0), respectively.Having metabolic syndrome either with or without central obesity confers IHD risk. However, having central obesity as an "optional" rather than "essential" criterion identifies more individuals at risk of IHD in this Asian cohort.
Two independent lipoprotein receptors on hepatic membranes of dog, swine, and man. Apo-B,E and apo-E receptors.
Authors: R W Mahley, D Y Hui, T L Innerarity, K H Weisgraber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We have reported previously that canine livers possess two distinct lipoprotein receptors, an apoprotein (apo)-B,E receptor capable of binding the apo-B-containing low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the apo-E-containing cholesterol-induced high density lipoproteins (HDLc), and an apo-E receptor capable of binding apo-E HDLc but not LDL. Both the apo-B,E and apo-E receptors were found on the liver membranes obtained from immature growing dogs, but only the apo-E receptors were detected on th hepatic membranes of adult dogs. In this study, the expression of the apo-B,E receptors, as determined by canine LDL binding to the hepatic membranes, was found to be highly dependent on the age of the dog and decreased linearly with increasing age. Approximately 30 ng of LDL protein per milligram of membrane protein were bound via the apo-B,E receptors to the hepatic membranes of 7- to 8-wk-old immature dogs as compared with no detectable LDL binding in the hepatic membranes of adult dogs (greater than 1--1.5 yr of age). Results obtained by in vivo turnover studies of canine 125I-LDL correlated with the in vitro findings. In addition to a decrease in the expression of the hepatic apo-B,E receptors with age, these receptors were regulated, i.e., cholesterol feeding suppressed these receptors in immature dogs and prolonged fasting induced their expression in adult dogs. Previously, it was shown that the apo-B,E receptors were induced in adult livers following treatment with the hypocholesterolemic drug cholestyramine. In striking contrast, the apo-E receptors, as determined by apo-E HDLc binding, remained relatively constant for all ages of dogs studied (10--12 ng/mg). Moreover, the expression of the apo-E receptors was not strictly regulated by the metabolic perturbations that regulated the apo-B,E receptors. Similar results concerning the presence of apo-B,E and apo-E receptors were obtained in swine and in man. The hepatic membranes of adult swine bound only apo-E HDLc (apo-E receptors), whereas the membranes from fetal swine livers bound both LDL and apo-E HDLc (apo B,E and apo-E receptors). Furthermore, the membranes from adult human liver revealed the presence of the apo-E receptors as evidenced by the binding of 12--14 ng of HDLc protein per milligram of membrane protein and less than 1 ng of LDL protein per milligram. The membranes from the human liver also bound human chylomicron remnants and a subfraction of human HDL containing apo-E. These data suggest the importance of the E apoprotein and the apo-E receptors in mediating lipoprotein clearance, including chylomicron remnants, by the liver of adult dogs, swine, and man.
Favourable prognostic role of regression of primary melanoma in AJCC stage I-II patients
Authors: S. Ribero, S. Osella-Abate, M. Sanlorenzo, P. Savoia, C. Astrua, G. Cavaliere, C. Tomasini, R. Senetta, G. Macripò, M.G. Bernengo, P. Quaglino
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

The prognostic significance of regression in primary melanoma has been debated over the past few years. Once it was considered to be a negative prognostic factor, as it may have prevented proper melanoma thickness measurement, therefore affecting the staging of the tumours. For this reason, it was considered to be an indication for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in melanoma < 1 mm.To ascertain the utility of SLNB in thin melanoma and to clarify the role of regression in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in our series.We analysed data collected from 1693 consecutive patients with AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) stage I-II melanoma.Globally, SLNB was performed in 656 out of 1693 patients. Regression was present in 349 patients and 223 of them were characterized by thin lesions. SLNB was performed in 104 cases of thin melanoma with regression. The majority of regional lymph node metastases were observed in patients who did not undergo SLNB (89 out of 132). Among the remaining 43 'false negative' patients only three showed regression in the primary. Using the Cox multivariate model, histological regression maintained a significant protective role [hazard ratio (HR) 0·62, P = 0·012 for DFS; HR 0·43, P = 0·008 for OS] when corrected for the principal histopathological and clinical features, despite SLNB.We confirmed that regression alone should not be a reason to perform SLNB in thin melanoma and, on the contrary, it can be considered a favourable prognostic factor in patients with AJCC stage I-II melanoma.
Exercise and cardiovascular benefit in subjects with COPD: the need for randomised trials
Authors: Lowie E.G.W. Vanfleteren, Martijn A. Spruit, Emiel F.M. Wouters, Frits M.E. Franssen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

measure aortic PWV occurred in a large proportion of patients at baseline (n551, 24%), which is not our or other groups' usual experience and may therefore have inadvertently generated bias.There is a great deal of heterogeneity between the studies published to date in terms of type and duration of exercise intervention, the magnitude of improvements in the functional outcome measures, inclusion of those with or without established cardiovascular disease, and the arterial bed assessed (carotid-femoral versus carotid-brachial), all of which undoubtedly will have contributed to the conflicting results.In the past, a similar controversy regarding the benefits of exercise intervention after myocardial infarction was resolved by the use of well-designed randomised controlled trials, which should be considered before discarding the likely cardioprotective role of pulmonary rehabilitation and the strong public health message of exercise improving cardiorespiratory health.
Removal of the Uterine Appendages
Authors: W. D. Spanton
Journal: BMJ (1883)

the acknowledgment that the intra-uterine stem was only to be used in a very small number of cases.Mr. F. G. STEVENS (Bristol) asked if it were necessary, when using the intrauterine stem, to have a ring, or anything else of the kind, to keep it in place.Mr. NEVITT, in reply to Dr. Barron, said he did not find in practice that the stem became loosened from its socket.Dr. Dewar had pro- nounced it clumsy, and the stein too long, but members must bear in mind that the instrument was as yet in its crude form, and open to improvement in detail; and, with regard to the stem, the one exhi- bited was made for use in a particular case.The makers had been desired to prepare several sizes, but he preferred the one shown because of its length, as a few strokes of a saw would reduce it to the required size.He considered that, to have rendered it possible to alter the position of the stem, was a point of much practical importance.It was not the use but the abuse, of intra-uterine pessaries which was mischievous.Dr. Donovan heard the death-knell of such pessaries, but he might assure Dr. D)onovan that the bell was being tolled by those who did not understand their proper use.In answer to Dr. Stevens, lie saidlhe looked upon the ring as indispensable.He was extremely obliged to D)r.
Health and Disability Costs of Depressive Illness in a Major U.S. Corporation
Authors: Benjamin G. Druss, Robert A. Rosenheck, William H. Sledge
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Employers are playing an increasingly influential role in determining the scope and character of health coverage in the United States. This study compares the health and disability costs of depressive illness with those of four other chronic conditions among employees of a large U.S. corporation. METHOD: Data from the health and employee files of 15,153 employees of a major U.S. corporation who filed health claims in 1995 were examined. Analyses compared the mental health costs, medical costs, sick days, and total health and disability costs associated with depression and four other conditions: heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and back problems. Regression models were used to control for demographic differences and job characteristics. RESULTS: Employees treated for depression incurred annual per capita health and disability costs of $5,415, significantly more than the cost for hypertension and comparable to the cost for the three other medical conditions. Employees with depressive illness plus any of the other conditions cost 1.7 times more than those with the comparison medical conditions alone. Depressive illness was associated with a mean of 9.86 annual sick days, significantly more than any of the other conditions. Depressed employees under the age of 40 years took 3.5 more annual sick days than those 40 years old or older. CONCLUSIONS: The cost of depression to employers, particularly the cost in lost work days, is as great or greater than the cost of many other common medical illnesses, and the combination of depressive and other common illnesses is particularly costly. The strong association between depressive illness and sick days in younger workers suggests that the impact of depression may increase as these workers age.
How effective is therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of heel pain?
Authors: F Crawford, M Snaith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To evaluate the therapeutic effect from ultrasound in the treatment of plantar heel pain by physiotherapists and podiatrists, and to quantify the placebo effect of this electrophysical agent.Patients experiencing episodes of plantar heel pain were allocated randomly, at each episode, to receive either true ultrasound (machine calibrated to deliver a dose of ultrasound at 0.5 w/cm2, 3 MHz, pulsed 1:4), for eight minutes, or sham ultrasound (only the timer on the machine activated). Each episode was treated, according to randomisation, eight times. An independent observer set the equipment before obscuring the control panel with a drape. All treatments were undertaken by the same operator. Patients' pain scores were measured on a 10 cm linear analogue scale before the course of eight treatments commenced and at the end of the course, and analysed using a Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test.Nineteen patients experienced episodes of heel pain (seven bilateral). Both groups showed a reduction in pain; the improvement was 30% in the treated group and 25% in the placebo group (p = 0.5).Therapeutic ultrasound at a dosage of 0.5 w/cm2, 3 MHz, pulsed 1:4, for eight minutes is no more effective than placebo in the treatment of plantar heel pain.
Pregnancy outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension in the modern management era: Table 1–
Authors: Dror Rosengarten, Leonard C. Blieden, Mordechai R. Kramer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

To the Editors: 

We read with interest the important article by Jais et al . [1] in a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal discussing management and outcome of pregnancy in pulmonary hypertension patients in the light of recent advanced therapy. We certainly agree that this issue should be revisited in the current era when many new potent medications are available. Yet, even in the current era with optimal management, this condition carries substantial risks and demands careful examination of the data …
Concomitant diagnosis of primary Sjogren's syndrome and systemic AL amyloidosis
Authors: I Delevaux
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

A 48 year old woman was referred to hospital for buccal discomfort. Physical examination showed a macroglossia and features of xerostomia. She was diagnosed as having primary Sjögren9s syndrome according to the criteria proposed by the European Community study group in 1993. Furthermore, a lower lip salivary gland biopsy showed amyloid deposits that were also seen in the stomach and in the bone marrow. Echocardiography was consistent with cardiac amyloidosis. Serum immunofixation identified a monoclonal IgGλ. As far as is known, this is the first report of systemic primary amyloidosis associated with Sjögren9s syndrome. The relation between these two disorders is discussed.
Specific immunotherapy reduces the antigen-dependent production of eosinophil chemotactic activity from mononuclear cells in patients with atopic asthma
Authors: Makoto Nagata, Masanori Shibasaki, Yoshio Sakamoto, Takeshi Fukuda, Sohei Makino, Keiichiro Yamamoto, Yutaka Dohi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1994)
Identification of the target self-antigens in reperfusion injury
Authors: Ming Zhang, Elisabeth M. Alicot, Isaac Chiu, Jinan Li, Nicola Verna, Thomas Vorup-Jensen, Benedikt Kessler, Motomu Shimaoka, Rodney Chan, Daniel Friend, Umar Mahmood, Ralph Weissleder, Francis D. Moore, Michael C. Carroll
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Reperfusion injury (RI), a potential life-threatening disorder, represents an acute inflammatory response after periods of ischemia resulting from myocardial infarction, stroke, surgery, or trauma. The recent identification of a monoclonal natural IgM that initiates RI led to the identification of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain type II A and C as the self-targets in two different tissues. These results identify a novel pathway in which the innate response to a highly conserved self-antigen expressed as a result of hypoxic stress results in tissue destruction.
Computed tomography scan evaluation for recurrent shoulder dislocations after sports injuries
Authors: M A Akhtar, C M Robinson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Shoulder dislocation is a common sporting injury. Recent studies suggest a higher rate of recurrence in the presence of glenoid rim fracture (bony Bankart lesion). The authors looked at the incidence of glenoid rim fracture, glenoid flattening and Hill-Sachs defect after recurrent shoulder dislocations. A prospective study was conducted in the Trauma and Orthopaedic Department of the Royal infirmary of Edinburgh from June 2008 to July 2009. All patients attending the specialist shoulder clinic after recurrent shoulder dislocations were evaluated with CT scan of their shoulder to look for glenoid rim fracture (bony Bankart lesion), glenoid flattening and Hill-Sachs defects. Prospective data were collected for 37 patients with a mean age of 25 years and a range of 14-40 years. 24 patients (71%) were involved in contact sports. The most common sport was football in 12 (50%) patients followed by rugby in 9 (37%) patients. Left shoulder was involved in 19 patients (51%). The CT scan showed glenoid fracture (bony Bankart lesion) in 11 patients (32%), glenoid flattening in 14 (41%) patients and Hill-Sachs defect in 29 (85%). The range of the defect was 11-45 mm. Four patients had glenoid flattening but no glenoid fracture. The type of instability was anterior in 33 (89%) patients and multidirectional instability in 4 (11%) patients. The number of dislocations range from 0 to 17 with a mean of 3 and the number of subluxations range from 0 to 35 with a mean of 4.5. The authors looked at the CT scan findings of glenoid and humeral head after recurrent shoulder dislocations in sports related injuries. Although glenoid rim fracture (bony Bankart lesion) is a risk factor for recurrence, glenoid flattening and large Hill-Sachs defects should be carefully evaluated with CT scan and appropriate stabilisation should be offered to prevent future problems.