tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Large Acquired Nevus or Dysplastic Nevus
Authors: Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof, Ashfaq A. Marghoob, Iris Zalaudek
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity of a novel anti-PD-L1 antibody, avelumab (MSB0010718C), on human tumor cells.
Authors: Kwong-Yok Tsang, Benjamin Boyerinas, Caroline Jochems, Massimo Fantini, Christopher Ryan Heery, Ravi Amrit Madan, James L. Gulley, Jeffrey Schlom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

3038 Background: The programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are key therapeutic targets in the reactivation of the immune response against multiple cancers. Avelumab (MSB0010718C) is a fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG1 antibody currently being investigated in clinical trials. In addition to disruption of immune suppressive signaling induced by the binding of PD-L1 on tumor cells with PD-1 on tumor infiltrating immune cells, avelumab was designed to mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Other anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) undergoing clinical evaluation are either of the IgG1 isotype and modified to remove ADCC activity or of the IgG4 isotype, which does not mediate ADCC. We present data from preclinical studies examining the ability of avelumab to induce ADCC and factors affecting tumor cell sensitivity to this mechanism. Methods: The ability of avelumab to induce lysis of human carcinoma cells was assessed using whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or purified natural killer (NK) cells as effectors. PD-L1 expression was reported as % positive tumor cells and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) as determined by flow cytometry. Results: Using PBMCs as effectors, avelumab induced ADCC in 8/18 human carcinoma cell lines; tumor cell lysis positively correlated with the percentage of PD-L1 positive tumor cells and PD-L1 MFI. Lysis was increased when NK cells were used as effectors. Pretreating tumor cell lines with IFN-γ increased PD-L1 expression, but augmented lysis in only 4/10 cell lines. Preactivating NK cells with IL-12, however, increased lysis, suggesting a potential for synergy by combining avelumab with IL-12–based therapy. Little or no lysis was observed in NK-mediated ADCC assays vs whole PBMCs or dendritic cells isolated from PBMCs. A tumor cell line insensitive to lysis by CD8+T cells was lysed by ADCC using NK cells and avelumab. Conclusions: Avelumab induced lysis of many human tumor cell lines via ADCC. Further clinical trials are necessary to determine whether the additional mechanism of inducing tumor lysis by ADCC will result in enhanced clinical activity compared with similar agents without ADCC activity.
Factors affecting sex ratio. (Letter to the editor)
Authors: James Wh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

One may test whether the sex of offspring is related to timing of insemination in several ways.  Guerrero has presented direct data.  I want to draw attention to 3 sorts of indirect data that support the hypothesis.  The first concerns coital rate.  If timing of insemination were related to sex of the zygote presumably coital rate would also be so related.  It has been noted that such a relation would provide an explanation for the high sex ratios during and after wars for the high sex ratios among children conceived in the 1st month of marriage and for the variations of sex ratio  simultaneously with maternal and paternal age.  Further evidence of this sort is as follows: parents of large sibships have on the average higher coital rates than other parents and the sex ratio of children in large sibships is higher than that of other children in spite of the fact  that sex ratio declines with parity; and parents of dizygotic twins seem to have higher coital rates than other parents - the sibs of twins have a definitely higher sex ratio than the sibs of controls.  Another point is sex ratios in Israel.  Jewish births in Israel have a lower sex ratio than non-Jewish births in spite of the fact that the mean birth rank of Jewish births is less.  I suggest that this observation is due to the practice by some couples of niddah - the Orthodox Jewish custom of abstaining from coitus for a week after the cessation of menses.  A final point is the distributions of the combinations of the sexes in mammalian litters.  If the probability of a male zygote were to vary systematically with time of fertilization within a mammalian litter then (since the zygotes are not all fertilized simultaneously) the distributions of the combinations of the sexes should  presumably not be binomial.  Instead (because of Poisson variation) they should show subnormal dispersion.  This occurrence has been demonstrated in pigs rabbits and mice.(FULL TEXT)
The EORTC QLQ-BN20 questionnaire for assessing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in brain cancer patients: A phase IV validation study on behalf of the EORTC QLG, BCG, ROG, NCIC-CTG
Authors: M. J. Taphoorn, L. Claassens, N. K. Aaronson, C. Coens, M. Mauer, D. Osoba, R. Stupp, R. Mirimanoff, M. J. Van den Bent, A. Bottomley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2041 Background: While new brain cancer therapies may help extend survival, both the disease and its treatment can have substantial impact on HRQoL. In this analysis we evaluated the psychometric properties of the EORTC QLQ-BN20, a brain cancer specific HRQoL questionnaire. Methods: Data were derived from two completed phase III EORTC / NCIC clinical trials including 891 brain cancer patients from 119 centers in 15 countries. Experimental treatments were surgery followed by radiotherapy and adjuvant PCV chemotherapy for highly anaplastic oligodendroglioma; and surgery followed by concomitant radiotherapy plus temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Standard treatment consisted of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy alone. HRQoL assessments were performed before randomization, 1 month after ending radiation, and every 3 months after the start of chemotherapy. The BN20 scoring transforms 20 questions into 11 scales to assess neurological deficits (visual disorder, motor dysfunction, communication deficit), future uncertainty, and disease- and treatment-related symptoms. Multi-trait scaling analyses and sensitivity analyses were applied. Results: Baseline compliance was 83 %, decreasing to 58 % and 66% during follow-up. Mean age was 53 years. Missing data at the item level was modest (6% at baseline). All BN20 items correlated more strongly with their own scale (≥ 0.70) than with any other BN20 scale. Internal consistency reliability was high (0.72 ≤ α ≤ 0.88) for each BN20 scale. Known-groups comparisons yielded positive results, with 4 BN20 physical item/scale scores varying as a function of performance status (p < 0,0001); and BN20 communication deficit scores varying as a function of MMSE scores (p < 0.0001). Responsiveness was adequate, with expected patterns of change observed in BN20 physically-oriented scales as a function of performance status (p < 0.01); and BN20 future uncertainty decreasing over time (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The QLQ-BN20 demonstrates adequate psychometric properties and can be recommended for use in conjunction with the QLQ-C30 in assessing the HRQoL of brain cancer patients. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Temodal/Temodar
Prevention of MEK1-associated tumours in murine epidermis by inhibition of interleukin-1
Authors: R. Lal, F. M. Watt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

1541 Background: Pro-inflammatory cytokines have a role in facilitating a pro-tumourigenic microenvironment in chronic inflammatory diseases and may identify targets for chemoprevention. The host microenvironment has a role in driving the malignant capacity of tumours, determining whether they develop into squamous cell cancers or benign tumours. For example, suprabasal β 1 integrin expression, as seen in some squamous cell carcinomas, activates extra-cellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) in basal and suprabasal keratinocytes and profoundly affects the susceptibility of the underlying proliferating cells to chemical carcinogenesis. I present the results of experiments using transgenic mice, hereafter referred to as InvEE, that express activated mitogen activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK1) in suprabasal layers of the epidermis resulting in constitutive ERK overexpression and results in increased keratinocyte expression of interleukin- 1a (IL-1 alpha), triggers epidermal hyperplasia, skin inflammation and benign tumours. Methods: I developed a protocol for inducing tumour formation in InvEE mice by full-thickness skin punch biopsy. I negated the affect of IL-1 alpha activation of inflammatory cells by generating InvEE bone marrow chimeras using MyD-88 -/- mice or litter-mate InvEE mice as a control. InvEE/InvEE and InvEE/Myd- 88 -/- chimeric mice were wounded and observed for tumour formation for 60 days. The experiment was conducted twice and the number of tumours in each group was analysed using a chi-squared test. Results: Spontaneous benign tumours occurred in 27 of 295 (9%) InvEE mice correlating with cutaneous injury. Punch-biopsy wounding induced tumours after 3–4 weeks in 37 of 92 (40%) InvEE mice compared to no tumours in 40 (0%) wild-type litter-mates (p&lt;0.0001). The percentage of wound-induced tumours in bone-marrow chimeras of InvEE/InvEE and InvEE/MyD-88 -/- was 40% and 8% respectively (p&lt;0.005). Resident inflammatory cells demonstrated differential responses to wounding in InvEE/MyD-88 -/- chimeric skin. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that inhibition of IL-1 alpha signalling from MEK1-activated keratinocytes prevented tumour formation in a chronic inflammatory microenvironment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
News and Internet Searches About Human Immunodeficiency Virus After Charlie Sheen’s Disclosure
Authors: John W. Ayers, Benjamin M. Althouse, Mark Dredze, Eric C. Leas, Seth M. Noar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Improved publication rates, particularly among public companies, are probably a consequence of the explicit inclusion of medical devices in the 2007 FDA Amendment Act expansion of clinicaltrials.govregistration and reporting requirements.However, recent failures of high-profile cardiovascular devices may also have led patients and physicians to more frequently ask about the evidence supporting newly approved devices, prompting publication by companies seeking clinical adoption of their products. 6Although we found that results of the vast majority of clinical studies supporting recent FDA approval of high-risk cardiovascular devices are now being made available to the clinical and research communities, efforts to improve the accessibility of results through online FDA resources and within medical device labels may still be needed to ensure dissemination of historical studies.
Innovation as Discipline, Not Fad
Authors: David A. Asch, Roy Rosin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Interview with Dr. David Asch on strategies for testing new ideas in health care quickly and efficiently. (11:00)Download New disciplined techniques are being deployed for testing potentially value-producing ideas faster, less expensively, and more reliably. Vapor tests, fake front ends, fake back ends, and mini-pilots can all help health care organizations meet patients' needs.
Temporal neutrophil polarization following myocardial infarction
Authors: Yonggang Ma, Andriy Yabluchanskiy, Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer, Presley L. Cannon, Elizabeth R. Flynn, Mira Jung, Jeffrey Henry, Courtney A. Cates, Kristine Y. Deleon-Pennell, Merry L. Lindsey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

Although macrophage phenotypes have been well studied in the myocardial infarction (MI) setting, this study investigated temporal neutrophil polarization and activation mechanisms. Neutrophils isolated from the infarcted left ventricle (LV) of mice showed high expression of proinflammatory markers at Day 1 and anti-inflammatory markers at Days 5 and 7 post-MI, indicating distinct neutrophil phenotypes along the post-MI time continuum. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that although proinflammatory N1 neutrophils were always predominant (>80% of total neutrophils at each time point), the percentage of N2 neutrophils increased post-MI from 2.4 ± 0.6% at Day 1 to 18.1 ± 3.0% at Day 7. In vitro, peripheral blood neutrophils were polarized to proinflammatory N1 by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ or anti-inflammatory N2 by interleukin-4, indicating high plasticity potential. The in vivo post-MI relevant LV damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) polarized neutrophils to a proinflammatory N1 phenotype by activating toll-like receptor-4. Transforming growth factor-β1 inhibited proinflammatory production in neutrophils. N1 neutrophils positively correlated with infarct wall thinning at Day 7 post-MI, possibly due to high production of matrix metalloproteinases-12 and -25. This study is the first to identify the existence of N1 and N2 neutrophils in the infarct region and reveals that N1 polarization could be mediated by DAMPs.
Detection of β-catenin mutations in primary extra-abdominal fibromatosis (EAF): An ancillary diagnostic tool
Authors: J. Dômont, J. Bénard, L. Lacroix, S. Salas, A. Dufresne, P. Terrier, J. Y. Blay, J. Coindre, A. Le Cesne, S. Bonvalot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

10518 Background: Primary EAF is a rare disease with different clinical entities. The potential morbidity of surgery and radiotherapy and the high local recurrence have led investigators to assess the possibility to design a “wait and see” policy in a subset of patients (Bonvalot et al. Eur.J.Surg.Oncol., 2007). Mutations of β-catenin (βC), a a key factor of the Wnt signaling pathways, hallmarks deep aggressive abdominal fibromatoses. To search new molecular markers able to relate with clinicopathologic parameters, we analyzed βC mutational status in a large retrospective tumors series. Methods: From 12/1987 and 01/2007, sporadic EAF of 180 patients (pts) from all sites were gathered by the Conticanet Network and are eligible. Direct sequencing of exon 3 βC gene was performed for 96 frozen, and for 23 matched formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. All mutated cases were confirmed by an independent analysis. Results: The 96 EAF pts cohort displays a median age of 47yrs (range 16–91) with 61% females. Primary sites were trunk (70%) and limb (30%). A mutation of exon 3 βC was found in 82/96 pts (85%) mainly located in codon 45 (S45F, n=34, 42%; S45P, n=6, 7%), and codon 41 (T41A, n=39, 48%), except for rare various insertion or deletion (n=3, 3%). The mutational status was identical in 20/23 matched frozen-fixed tumors specimens (87%), while no false positive and only 3 (13%) false negative were found from fixed tissues. βC mutations was found to be significantly higher in trunk sites (71% vs 36%, p = 0.007). Conclusions: A high frequency (85%) of β catenin in exon 3 that harbors phosphorylable residues hallmarks primary EAF from a large multicentric retrospective study. A good correlation between matched frozen/fixed tumor specimens allows β catenin exon 3 mutation as a simple and efficient means to complete EAF diagnosis, in addition to histology. Investigations are currently extended to 180 French patients. The impact of the exon 3 β catenin mutation on EAF aggressiveness is underway. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Hypofractionated breast irradiation in elderly cancer parients: A Brazilian pilot study.
Authors: Conceicao Souza Campos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

178 Background: In 2025, Brazil will be the 6th country in the world with the most aged population represented by elderly (15% above 60 years). Nowadays, life expectance is around 65 years old and there is not sufficient data about cancer management in the elderly. Breast cancer is generally detected in more advanced stages and not well treated due to the other medical conditions. The hypofractionation garantees the same local control with mild acute reactions and no functional late complications in a shorter treatment time. Methods: The pilot study addressed the acute local morbidid and the local control of fourteen patients (stages I to III), median age 78 years that received one single 6.5 Gy weekly dose in 5-7 fractions with 6MV photons or 6MéV electrons to the breast or thoracic grid using tangential fields or direct field, accordingly to the patients anatomy (from August 2006 to April 2008). The total dose ranged from 32.5 Gy to 45.5 Gy. The supraclavicular nodes were treated if &gt;= 4 axillary nodes were positive (3/14). Modified mastectomy was the most frequent surgical procedure (9/14). Node negative disease was discovered in seven patients, T2 lesions in eight, invasive ductal carcinoma in nine and positive estrogen receptor in ten. Ten patients had comorbid diseases, the most frequent was high blood pressure. The patients had weekly skin evaluation and were scored accordingly to the RTOG score. The patients were followed in consultation until April 2012. Results: Two cases of erithema were observed after the completion of the treatment. These patients received seven fractions due to boost at surgical bed. The other patients didn't show any acute reactions. To date we observed an early infraclavicular failure after the completion of the radiotherapy. There were two cases of fat necrosis and two fibrosis. There was only one local failure and a second primary in the contralateral breast. Conclusions: The hypofractionated scheme showed good skin tolerance. A longer follow-up is needed for evaluation of local recurrence. We have to consider irradiation of the supraclavicular area in the case of any positive axillary node. The hypofractionation irradiation is a good treatment option for elderly breast cancer patients (&gt; 70 years).
Chromosome Changes in Soft Tissue Sarcomas&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R Becher, N Wake, Z Gibas, H Ochi, A A Sandberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Journal Article Chromosome Changes in Soft Tissue Sarcomas Get access Reinhard Becher, Reinhard Becher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Norio Wake, Norio Wake Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Zenon Gibas, Zenon Gibas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hisako Ochi, Hisako Ochi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Avery A. Sandberg Avery A. Sandberg 4 4Address reprint requests to Dr. Sandberg. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 72, Issue 4, April 1984, Pages 823–831, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/72.4.823 Published: 01 April 1984 Article history Received: 18 July 1983 Accepted: 09 December 1983 Published: 01 April 1984
School-Based Myopia Prevention Effort
Authors: Chen-Wei Pan, Hu Liu
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Economic analysis of the Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) trial comparing laparoscopically-assisted colectomy (LAC) with open colectomy (OC) for colon cancer
Authors: J. C. Weeks, H. Nelson, D. K. Romanus, K. H. Long, D. J. Sargent
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

6502 Background: The randomized COST trial revealed no significant differences in clinical or quality-of-life endpoints between LAC and OC for stage I-III colon cancer. We conducted a cost-minimization analysis from a third-party payer perspective to test for differences in costs between procedures from surgery through 2 months of follow-up. Methods: Resource use was collected on all patients, including: inpatient and ICU days, reoperations, surgery and anaesthesia times, use of laparotomy and laparoscopic instruments, cartridges, reusable and disposable trocars, and outpatient visits for surgery-related complications. Professional services by surgeons were valued based on Medicare reimbursement rates; all other unit costs were derived from charges adjusted by ratios-of-costs-to-charges for patients treated at two centers, one academic (A) and one community (C). Results: Among 855 patients, length of stay (mean: 5.5 vs. 6.7 days) was significantly shorter, while operating time was significantly longer (mean: 166 vs. 109 minutes) in the LAC arm. More costly OR supplies were used in the LAC arm. Resource use was otherwise similar between arms. Total costs were either modestly higher (C) or not statistically different (A) depending on the source of unit costs (see Table). Conclusion: Economically, the choice between LAC and OC consists of a tradeoff between higher operative costs and shorter length of stay. The direction and magnitude of the net effect depends on the cost inputs from a given institution, with LAC relatively less expensive in institutions with higher “hotel” costs and less costly operative supplies. Future research should focus on structured peri- and post-operative care to further optimize the care and costs associated with LAC. Costs of LAC versus OC (2006 US$). Costs LAC OC Cost Difference (95% CI) * A C A C A C OR 5,292 (36%) 7,254 (52%) 4,064 (28%) 4,544 (39%) 1,228 (1,150, 1,308) 2,710 (2,616, 2,806) Hospital days 6,098 (41%) 3,651 (26%) 7,393 (51%) 4,427 (38%) −1,295 (−1,842, − 766) −776 (−1,103, −459) Total 14,747 (100%) 13,889 (100%) 14,422 (100%) 11,531 (100%) 32 (−1,009, 1,638) 2,358 (1,605, 3,115) * Bootstrap method No significant financial relationships to disclose.