tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can Renal Replacement Be Deferred by a Supplemented Very Low Protein Diet?
Authors: MACKENZIE WALSER, SYLVIA HILL
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Patients with chronic renal failure are commonly started on renal replacement therapy (RRT) as soon as (or, in some centers, before) the usual criteria for severity are met, i.e. , GFR &lt;10 ml/min for nondiabetic patients and &lt;15 ml/min for diabetic patients. To determine whether RRT can safely be deferred beyond this point, adults with all types of chronic renal failure who met these criteria on presentation (23 patients) or who reached these levels of severity during treatment (53 patients) were managed conservatively until RRT was judged necessary by their chosen dialysis or transplantation team, without input into this decision from the present authors. Patients were prescribed a very low protein diet (0.3 g/kg) plus supplemental essential amino acids and/or ketoacids and followed closely. The intervals between the time at which GFR became less than 10 ml/min (15 ml/min in diabetic patients) and the date at which renal replacement therapy was started were used as estimates of renal survival on nutritional therapy. Kaplan—Meier analysis showed median renal survival of 353 d. Acidosis and hypercholesterolemia were both predictive of shorter renal survival. Signs of malnutrition did not develop. Final GFR averaged 5.6 ± 1.9 ml/min. Two patients died; thus, annual mortality was only 2.5%. Hospitalizations totaled 19 in 93 patient-years of treatment, or 0.2 per year. Thus, these well motivated patients with GFR &lt;10 ml/min (&lt;15 ml/min in diabetic patients) were safely managed by diet and close follow-up for a median of nearly 1 yr without dialysis. It is concluded that further study of this approach is indicated.
The Dendritic Cell Lineage: Ontogeny and Function of Dendritic Cells and Their Subsets in the Steady State and the Inflamed Setting
Authors: Miriam Merad, Priyanka Sathe, Julie Helft, Jennifer Miller, Arthur Mortha
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2013)

Dendritic cells (DCs) form a remarkable cellular network that shapes adaptive immune responses according to peripheral cues. After four decades of research, we now know that DCs arise from a hematopoietic lineage distinct from other leukocytes, establishing the DC system as a unique hematopoietic branch. Recent work has also established that tissue DCs consist of developmentally and functionally distinct subsets that differentially regulate T lymphocyte function. This review discusses major advances in our understanding of the regulation of DC lineage commitment, differentiation, diversification, and function in situ.
T-cell immunodeficiency and reconstruction based on TCR rearrangement analysis in hematological malignancy: update from 2011 ASH annual meeting
Authors: Yangqiu Li
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2012)

Poor cellular immune function may relate to carcinogenic processes and to worse prognosis in solid tumor patients as well as in leukemia. Moreover, the progression of tumor might further induce the cellular immune suppression. Therefore, a set of molecular immunological techniques to analyze and monitor the changes of host T-cell immune status is needed, which can fully characterize the feature of T-cell immunodeficiency in different malignancies, providing information and direction for immune reconstruction, in particular for enhancement the specific anti-tumor immune function.
NIH-defined graft-versus-host disease and evidence for a potent graft-versus-leukemia effect in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: T.H. Terwey, T.M. Le Duc, P.G. Hemmati, P. le Coutre, M. Nagy, P. Martus, B. Dörken, R. Arnold
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Detection of Cholangiocarcinoma In Vivo Using Miniprobe-Based Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Alexander Meining, Eckart Frimberger, Valentin Becker, Stefan Von Delius, Claus Hann Von Weyhern, Roland M. Schmid, Christian Prinz
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
A Panel of Three Markers Hyper- and Hypomethylated in Urine Sediments Accurately Predicts Bladder Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Sheng-Fang Su, André Luís de Castro Abreu, Yoshitomo Chihara, Yvonne Tsai, Claudia Andreu-Vieyra, Siamak Daneshmand, Eila C. Skinner, Peter A. Jones, Kimberly D. Siegmund, Gangning Liang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: The high risk of recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumor of nonmuscle invasive disease requires lifelong treatment and surveillance. Changes in DNA methylation are chemically stable, occur early during tumorigenesis, and can be quantified in bladder tumors and in cells shed into the urine. Some urine markers have been used to help detect bladder tumors; however, their use in longitudinal tumor recurrence surveillance has yet to be established. Experimental Design: We analyzed the DNA methylation levels of six markers in 368 urine sediment samples serially collected from 90 patients with noninvasive urothelial carcinoma (Tis, Ta, T1; grade low-high). The optimum marker combination was identified using logistic regression with 5-fold cross-validation, and validated in separate samples. Results: A panel of three markers discriminated between patients with and without recurrence with the area under the curve of 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–0.92] and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90–1.00), sensitivity and specificity of 86%/89% (95% CI, 74%–99% and 81%–97%) and 80%/97% (95% CI, 60%–96% and 91%–100%) in the testing and validation sets, respectively. The three-marker DNA methylation test reliably predicted tumor recurrence in 80% of patients superior to cytology (35%) and cystoscopy (15%) while accurately forecasting no recurrence in 74% of patients that scored negative in the test. Conclusions: Given their superior sensitivity and specificity in urine sediments, a combination of hyper- and hypomethylated markers may help avoid unnecessary invasive exams and reveal the importance of DNA methylation in bladder tumorigenesis. Clin Cancer Res; 20(7); 1978–89. ©2014 AACR.
Haemoptysis and an abnormal X-ray after prolonged treatment in the ICU
Authors: K W van Kralingen, T A Hekker, H Bril, R J Strack van Schijndel, P E Postmus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

We describe a case of Nocardia bronchopneumonia occurring in a patient after 5 weeks of treatment in an ICU. The clinical features were haemoptysis and fever, and an aspecific coarse nodular pattern on the chest roentgenogram. The diagnosis was made, after death, by positive blood cultures for Nocardia asteroides and autopsy showing Nocardia bronchopneumonia.
Plasma markers of inflammation and incidence of hospitalisations for COPD: results from a population-based cohort study
Authors: G Engstrom, N Segelstorm, M Ekberg-Aronsson, P M Nilsson, F Lindgarde, C-G Lofdahl
Journal: Thorax (2008)

The relationship between plasma markers of inflammation and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still unclear. This population-based study explored whether raised levels of five inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs) predicted hospital admissions for COPD during 25 years of follow-up.Spirometric tests and measurements of five ISPs (fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin, alpha(1)-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, orosomucoid) were performed in 5247 apparently healthy men from the city of Malmö (mean age 46 years). The incidence of hospitalisations for COPD was studied in relation to the number of ISPs in the fourth quartile.During the follow-up period, 258 men were admitted to hospital with COPD, 211 of whom were smokers at baseline. The incidence of hospital admissions for COPD was significantly associated with the number of raised ISPs. Adjusted for risk factors, the hazards ratio (95% CI) was 1.00 (reference), 1.28 (0.9 to 1.9), 1.29 (0.8 to 2.0) and 2.30 (1.6 to 3.2), respectively, for men with 0, 1, 2 and >or=3 ISPs in the top quartile (p for trend <0.001). This relationship was consistent in men with high and low lung function at baseline. The relationship with the incidence of hospital admissions for COPD was largely the same for all individual ISPs.Raised plasma ISP levels are associated with an increased incidence of COPD requiring hospitalisation.
Imatinib Targeting of KIT-Mutant Oncoprotein in Melanoma
Authors: Xiaofeng Jiang, Jun Zhou, Noah K. Yuen, Christopher L. Corless, Michael C. Heinrich, Jonathan A. Fletcher, George D. Demetri, Hans R. Widlund, David E. Fisher, F. Stephen Hodi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Melanoma subtypes based on anatomic location and UV light exposure can be further classified based on genetic alterations recently identified. Mutations and gene amplification in KIT have been described in a significant percentage of mucosal and acral melanomas. We recently reported a patient with metastatic mucosal melanoma harboring a known KIT mutation treated with imatinib mesylate who experienced a major response. Biological effects of KIT inhibition in these melanomas remain poorly understood. We sought to investigate further the effects of imatinib in these melanoma subsets. Experimental Design: Mucosal melanoma cells were analyzed for KIT aberrations by genomic sequencing, quantitative PCR, and single nucleotide polymorphism analyses. Imatinib effects were assayed by viability measurements and apoptotic cytotoxicity. Tumor cell lysates were assayed by Western blots to determine effects on multiple signaling pathways after imatinib exposure. Results: Mucosal melanoma cells exhibited imatinib sensitivity correlating with KIT mutational status. Imatinib dramatically decreased proliferation and was cytotoxic to a KIT mutated and amplified cell culture. Exposure to drug affected the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT, JAK-STAT, and antiapoptotic pathways. Conclusions: Rational targeting of KIT in melanoma offers a unique and potent clinical opportunity. In vitro analyses revealed major sensitivity to KIT kinase inhibition by imatinib, with potent induction of melanoma cell apoptosis. Biochemical studies identified changes in signaling molecules regulating proliferation and survival responses, which may serve as mediators and/or biomarkers of in vivo treatment efficacy. Pathways affected by KIT inhibition provide a model for understanding components in effective melanoma cell death and insights into targeting for resistance mechanisms.
Survival With Aromatase Inhibitors and Inactivators Versus Standard Hormonal Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer: Meta-analysis
Authors: Davide Mauri, Nicholas Pavlidis, Nikolaos P. Polyzos, John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Background: Aromatase inhibitors and inactivators have been extensively tested in patients with advanced breast cancer, but it is unclear whether they offer any survival benefits compared with standard hormonal treatment with tamoxifen or progestagens. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared several generations of aromatase inhibitors and inactivators with standard hormonal treatment in patients with advanced breast cancer. Methods: The endpoint that we assessed was survival. Trials were located through searches of PubMed and Cochrane Library (last update March 2006). Relative hazards (RHs) were summarized across trials through fixed- and random-effects analyses, and heterogeneity was assessed with the Q and I2 statistics. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Twenty-five different comparisons, with a total of 8504 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. We found statistically significant survival benefits with third-generation aromatase inhibitors and inactivators (vorozole, letrozole, examestane, and anastrazole) (RH = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82 to 0.93; P <.001) but not with first-generation (aminoglutethimide) or second-generation (formestane and fadrozole) agents. The difference in the summary effects between these two groups of trials was statistically significant ( P = .04). The survival benefit with third-generation agents in first-line trials, in which these agents were compared with tamoxifen (11% RH reduction, 95% CI = 1% to 19%; P = .03), was identical to their benefit in second- and subsequent-line trials in which these agents were compared with other treatments (14% RH reduction, 95% CI = 6% to 21%; P <.001). Conclusions: Inhibition of the aromatase system, in particular with third-generation aromatase inhibitors and inactivators, appears to be associated with statistically significant improved survival of patients with advanced breast cancer compared with standard hormonal treatments.
Use of HPV Vaccine in Males and Females
Authors: Adam S. Cifu, Andrew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Very low blood hydroxychloroquine concentration as an objective marker of poor adherence to treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: N. Costedoat-Chalumeau, Z. Amoura, J.-S. Hulot, G. Aymard, G. Leroux, D. Marra, P. Lechat, J.-C. Piette
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<b>Background:</b> Poor adherence to treatment is difficult to diagnose accurately. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has a long elimination half-life and its concentration in whole blood can be measured easily. <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the utility of a very low blood HCQ concentration as a marker of poor compliance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). <b>Methods:</b> HCQ concentrations were determined on a blinded basis in 203 unselected patients with SLE. At the end of the study, the patients were informed of the results and retrospectively interviewed about their adherence to treatment. <b>Results:</b> 14 (7%) patients said that they had stopped taking HCQ (n = 8) or had taken it no more than once or twice a week (n = 6). Their mean (SD) HCQ concentration was 26 (46) ng/ml. range (0–129 ng/ml) By contrast, the other patients had a mean HCQ concentration of 1079 ng/ml range (205–2629 ng/ml). The principal barriers to adherence were related to HCQ treatment characteristics. Adherence subsequently improved in 10 of the 12 patients whose blood HCQ concentrations were remeasured. <b>Conclusions:</b> Very low whole-blood HCQ concentrations are an objective marker of prolonged poor compliance in patients with SLE. Regular drug assays might help doctors in detect non-compliance and serve as a basis for counselling and supporting these patients.
SSRI Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial for Female Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Thomas Rinne, Wim van den Brink, Luuk Wouters, Richard van Dyck
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are recommended for treatment of affect lability, impulsivity, and aggression in patients with borderline personality disorder. This recommendation is based on positive findings in at least 10 open studies and one small double-blind study of SSRIs for patients with borderline personality disorder and one study of impulsive aggressive patients with different personality disorders. A randomized, placebo-controlled SSRI study with borderline personality disorder patients, however, provided inconclusive results because of a large response to placebo. It was, therefore, decided to conduct a new randomized trial with a larger study group.A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial using the SSRI fluvoxamine for 6 weeks followed by a blind half-crossover for 6 weeks and an open follow-up for another 12 weeks was conducted with 38 nonschizophrenic, nonbipolar female patients with borderline personality disorder. The outcome measures were the rapid mood shift, impulsivity, and aggression subscales from the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index.Fluvoxamine but not placebo produced a robust and long-lasting reduction in the scores on the subscale for rapid mood shifts. In contrast, no difference between the fluvoxamine and placebo groups was observed in the effect on the impulsivity and aggression scores.In this study, fluvoxamine significantly improved rapid mood shifts in female borderline patients, but not impulsivity and aggression. This latter finding may be due to gender-specific differences in impulsivity and aggression.
Dynamic Tuning of Lymphocytes: Physiological Basis, Mechanisms, and Function
Authors: Zvi Grossman, William E Paul
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2015)

Dynamic tuning of cellular responsiveness as a result of repeated stimuli improves the ability of cells to distinguish physiologically meaningful signals from each other and from noise. In particular, lymphocyte activation thresholds are subject to tuning, which contributes to maintaining tolerance to self-antigens and persisting foreign antigens, averting autoimmunity and immune pathogenesis, but allowing responses to strong, structured perturbations that are typically associated with acute infection. Such tuning is also implicated in conferring flexibility to positive selection in the thymus, in controlling the magnitude of the immune response, and in generating memory cells. Additional functional properties are dynamically and differentially tuned in parallel via subthreshold contact interactions between developing or mature lymphocytes and self-antigen-presenting cells. These interactions facilitate and regulate lymphocyte viability, maintain their functional integrity, and influence their responses to foreign antigens and accessory signals, qualitatively and quantitatively. Bidirectional tuning of T cells and antigen-presenting cells leads to the definition of homeostatic set points, thus maximizing clonal diversity.
Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Migration, and Invasion by Twist: AKT2 Comes to Interplay
Authors: George Z. Cheng, Weizhou Zhang, Lu-Hai Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Metastasis, the foremost cause of mortality in cancer patients, is increasingly recognized as a coordinated biological process. The multistep process of metastasis posts difficulty in studying its mechanism and molecular basis. Recent works have shown that the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional factor Twist and the serine/threonine kinase AKT play pivotal roles in tumor development and progression. Our recent study has shown that AKT2 is a transcriptional regulatory target of Twist and acts downstream of Twist to promote cancer cell survival, migration, and invasion. Functional convergence of Twist and AKT2 underscores the importance of this signaling pathway in tumor development and progression and as a potential therapeutic target. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):957–60]
the trade-off between symmetry and asymmetry
Authors: michael c. corballis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

population-level asymmetry may be maintained, not by an “evolutionarily stable strategy” pitting a dominant bias against its nondominant opposite, but rather by a genetically based system pitting a directional bias against the absence of any such bias. stability is then achieved through a heterozygotic advantage, maintaining balanced polymorphism. this model may better capture the fundamental trade-off between lateralization and bilateral symmetry.
Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 by Albumin Is Mediated by Nuclear Factor κB in Proximal Tubule Cells
Authors: YIPING WANG, GOPALA K. RANGAN, YUET-CHING TAY, YAO WANG, DAVID C. H. HARRIS
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

The transcription and translation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a CC chemokine, are increased in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTC) stimulated with pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of albumin. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)/Rel proteins play a role in albumin-induced MCP-1 transcription. Confluent monolayers of rat PTC in primary culture were stimulated with delipidated bovine serum albumin. NFkappaB, the NFkappaB inhibitory protein (IkappaB), and MCP-1 transcription were assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, Western immunoblotting, semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and ribonuclease protection assays. Activation of NFkappaB by delipidated bovine serum albumin (15 mg/ml) was detectable within 2 h, maximal after 8 h, and maintained for at least 16 h of continuous exposure. Supershift analysis showed that the activated proteins were composed of p50/p50, p50/p65, and p50/c-Rel dimers. dimers. Cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha levels were decreased 30 min after stimulation and returned to unstimulated levels by 4 to 8 h. IkappaBbeta levels were decreased at 2 h and there was no recovery until 8 h. Inhibition of NFkappaB with pharmacologic agents (N-tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone and dexamethasone) and an antisense oligonucleotide to the rat p65 subunit of NFkappaB significantly reduced MCP-1 transcription. The 3.6-kb 5' flanking region of the rat MCP-1 gene was cloned and sequenced, and two putative kappaB binding sites were identified within the enhancer region. Therefore, albumin increased NFkappaB and reduced IkappaB levels in PTC, and MCP-1 expression was dependent on NFkappaB activation. It is concluded that the activation of NFkappaB/Rel proteins modulates chemokine production in PTC in response to albumin and is likely to have an important role in the mediation of tubulointerstitial injury in proteinuric renal disease.