tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the biliary excretion of ouabain and the lateral mobility of hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins in the rat—the effects of age and spironolactone pretreatment
Authors: Kenichi Kitani, Imre Zsolnai-Nagy, Setsuko Kanai, Yuko Sato, Minoru Ohta
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The biliary excretion of intravenously injected ouabain and the diffusion constant of the lateral mobility of hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins were examined in control (saline-treated) and spironolactone-treated Wistar male rats of different ages (4, 14 to 15 and 24 months old). The biliary excretion of ouabain progressively decreased with age in control rats, the first 10-min biliary recovery in 24-month-old animals being one-third that of the youngest rats (4-month-old). The oral administration of spironolactone for 4 days (10 mg per 100 gm body weight on the first day and 20 mg per 100 gm body weight for the successive 3 days) caused a marked increase in the biliary recovery of ouabain in all age groups. Similarly, the average lateral diffusion constant of hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins as measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching showed a linear decrease with age, as was previously observed with F-344 rats of both sexes. Markedly and significantly (30 to 40%) higher diffusion constants were observed in rats pretreated with spironolactone for all three age groups, compared with the respective control values of corresponding ages. The parallelism between ouabain excretion and protein diffusion (i.e., a decrease with age and an increase with spironolactone pretreatment) suggests that the lateral mobility of proteins in the hepatocyte plasma membrane is a candidate mechanism for regulating ouabain excretion through the liver into the bile, most probably by regulating the hepatic uptake process for ouabain.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and the canine cerebral circulation.
Authors: D A Wilson, J T O'Neill, S I Said, R J Traystman
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

A potential role for cerebrovascular nerves containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was examined in 24 anesthetized, ventilated dogs. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by either the cerebral venous outflow or microsphere method. Plasma VIP concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Hypercapnia (5% and 10% CO2) and hypoxia (7% O2) produced significant increases in cerebral venous outflow, but had no affect on arterial or cerebral venous VIP concentrations. Measurements of VIP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) made during 5% and 8% CO2 breathing also were not different from control values. VIP produced large dose-dependent increases in common carotid artery and temporalis muscle blood flow when injected or infused intraarterially; however, VIP had no effect on total or regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) within the brain when administered in a similar manner. Unilateral perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with VIP produced significant increases (range: 11-80%) in rCBF. These data are consistent with the possibility that local release of VIP from perivascular nerve endings could affect CBF. The unresponsiveness of canine cerebral vessels to blood-borne VIP may be due to the blood-brain barrier, since VIP dilates cerebral vessels when the barrier is bypassed by intraventricular infusion. These studies do not support the hypothesis that CBF changes induced during hypercapnia or hypoxia are mediated by VIP.
Defining the appropriate waiting time between multiple-breath nitrogen washout measurements
Authors: Elizabeth R. Salamon, Kevin R. Gain, Graham L. Hall
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Static lung volume measurements allow objective assessment of total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume, and assist in the diagnosis and management of lung disease [1, 2]. The use of gas dilution techniques, such as multiple-breath nitrogen washout (MBNW), require minimal patient cooperation and allow FRC to be determined in those individuals unable to complete plethysmographic measurements. The MBNW technique is used clinically and for research, and provides accurate and repeatable measures in both children and adults [3, 4]. Repeated multiple-breath washout tests should be twice the washout time apart to reduce avoidable measurement errors <http://ow.ly/HPgW4> This work was presented at the 2010 European Respiratory Society Annual Congress in Barcelona, Spain, as an oral presentation. The authors would like to acknowledge the participants of this study from Princess Margaret Hospital and Royal Perth Hospital (Perth, Australia). They would also like to acknowledge statistician Michael Phillips from the Medical Research Foundation at Royal Perth Hospital for providing statistical analysis.
Author's response: Hepatitis B virus seromarkers clearance and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: serious risks of misinterpretation
Authors: Jessica Liu, Hwai-I Yang, Chien-Jen Chen
Journal: Gut (2014)

We would like to respond to Dr Pariente's letter, which addresses our recently reported results regarding the seroclearance of HBV seromarkers and subsequent risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).1 ,2 Unfortunately, his comments are based on serious misunderstandings of our findings.

First, he suggests that there may be underestimation of the protective roles of marker seroclearance, since incidence rates of HCC were measured from baseline, and that the duration of seromarkers’ positivity would be a better indicator of HCC risk. In order to truly measure the effect of HBV DNA and Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance on HCC incidence, we would need a large cohort of individuals followed up since birth for subsequent outcomes. However, this was not feasible in this study. Thus, left truncation that often occurs …
Patient Safety Concerns Arising from Test Results That Return after Hospital Discharge
Authors: Christopher L. Roy, Eric G. Poon, Andrew S. Karson, Zahra Ladak-Merchant, Robin E. Johnson, Saverio M. Maviglia, Tejal K. Gandhi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Failure to relay information about test results pending when patients are discharged from the hospital may pose an important patient-safety problem. Few data are available on the epidemiology of test results pending at discharge or on physician awareness of these results. Objective: To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and physician awareness of potentially actionable laboratory and radiologic test results returning after hospital discharge. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Two tertiary care academic hospitals. Patients: 2644 consecutive patients discharged from hospitalist services from February to June 2004. Measurements: The main outcomes were the prevalence and characteristics of potentially actionable test results returning after hospital discharge, awareness of these results by inpatient and primary care physicians, and satisfaction of inpatient physicians with current systems for follow-up on test results. The authors prospectively collected data on test results pending at the time of discharge and, as results returned after discharge, surveyed hospitalists, junior residents, and primary care physicians about those results that were potentially actionable according to a physician-reviewer. Results: A total of 1095 patients (41%) had 2033 test results return after discharge. Of these results, 191 (9.4% [95% CI, 8.0% to 11.0%]) were potentially actionable. Surveys were sent regarding 155 results, and 105 responses were returned. Of the 105 results in the surveys with responses, physicians had been unaware of 65 (61.6% [CI, 51.3% to 70.9%]); of these 65, they agreed with physician-reviewers that 24 (37.1% [CI, 25.7% to 50.2%]) were actionable and 8 (12.6% [CI, 6.4% to 23.3%]) required urgent action. Inpatient physicians were dissatisfied with their systems for following up on test results returning after discharge. Limitations: The authors were unable to determine whether physicians' lack of awareness of test results returning after discharge was associated with adverse outcomes. Conclusions: Many patients are discharged from hospitals with test results still pending, and physicians are often unaware of potentially actionable test results returning after discharge. Further work is needed to design better follow-up systems for test results returning after hospital discharge.
A PERIOPERATIVE AND PATHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THE IMPACT OF INTERVAL TO SURGERY FOLLOWING CHEMORADIATION FOR RECTAL CANCER
Authors: K McElvanna, A J Cole, R Spence, R J Moorehead, R Gilliland, K McCallion, I McAllister, W J Campbell
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The optimal interval between completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) and resection for rectal carcinoma is unknown. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> This retrospective study investigated the impact of interval to surgery on perioperative and pathological outcomes following NCRT for rectal cancer. <h3>Method</h3> Patients with rectal carcinoma who underwent NCRT followed by rectal resection (September 2008–January 2013) were identified and divided into 2 groups according to their NCRT-surgery interval: Group A&lt;9 weeks (n=36), Group B&gt;9 weeks (n=44). Twelve complete clinical responders who were managed non-operatively were excluded. Demographic, perioperative morbidity, mortality, pathological and survival data were reviewed. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty patients (42 male, median age 64.5 years) were included. Overall median interval to surgery was 9.4 weeks (range 5.3–23.6 weeks). Group A median interval was 7.1 weeks, Group B 12.6 weeks. Length of surgery, perioperative complication and mortality rates were not influenced by interval length. Median length of stay was increased with longer interval (A: 8 days v B: 10 days, p= 0.039). The overall complete pathological response rate was 18.8% (A: 27.8% v B: 11.4%). 2-year survival rates were similar (A: 83.3% v B: 89.9%) after a median overall follow-up of 35 months. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A longer interval to surgery may be associated with an increased length of stay and in this cohort did not appear to confer a surgical or pathological benefit. A lower complete pathological response rate after a longer interval may be influenced by the selective non-operative management of complete clinical responders to NCRT.
Mucosal Biopsy Microarray Analysis Revealed Elevated Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) in Infantile Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Authors: Ichiro Nomura, Tetsuo Shoda, Akio Matsuda, Kanami Orihara, Hideaki Morita, Katsuhiro Arai, Hirotaka Shimizu, Yukihiro Ohya, Hirohisa Saito, Kenji Matsumoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Increased Seizure Frequency With Generic Primidone
Authors: Elaine Wyllie
Journal: JAMA (1987)

GENERIC drugs produced by different pharmaceutical companies may have different rates of extent of absorption.<sup>1-8</sup>This is particularly important to epileptic patients, because most of the antiepileptic medications have low therapeutic indexes. If a patient switches from an antiepileptic preparation with fairly complete absorption to one with less complete absorption, then the serum drug concentration may drop and the patient could have an increased frequency of seizures. If a patient is switched in the other direction, from a less well-absorbed preparation to one that is better absorbed, then the serum concentrations may rise and the patient could have symptoms of toxic effects. Even if the new product has the same completeness of absorption, there may still be a faster or slower rate of absorption that could affect dosing schedules. These problems have occurred for patients with epilepsy. Previous reports have shown differences in bioequivalence for preparations of phenytoin sodium
Real self-deception
Authors: Alfred R. Mele
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Self-deception is made unnecessarily puzzling by the assumption that it is an intrapersonal analog of ordinary interpersonal deception. In paradigmatic cases, interpersonal deception is intentional and involves some time at which the deceiver disbelieves what the deceived believes. The assumption that self-deception is intentional and that the self-deceiver believes that some proposition is true while also believing that it is false produces interesting conceptual puzzles, but it also produces a fundamentally mistaken view of the dynamics of self-deception. This target article challenges the assumption and presents an alternative view of the nature and etiology of self-deception. Drawing upon empirical studies of cognitive biases, it resolves familiar “paradoxes” about the dynamics of self- deception and the condition of being self-deceived. Conceptually sufficient conditions for self-deception are offered and putative empirical demonstrations of a kind of self-deception in which a subject believes that a proposition is true while also believing that it is false are criticized. Self-deception is neither irresolvably paradoxical nor mysterious, and it is explicable without the assistance of mental exotica. The key to understanding its dynamics is a proper appreciation of our capacity for acquiring and retaining motivationally biased beliefs.
Handling of patient data by Health and Social Care Information Centre is a "shambles," say MPs
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The organisation responsible for collecting, analysing, and presenting national health and social care data in England is a “shambles” and cannot ensure the confidentiality of patient data, MPs have claimed. 

Representatives of the Health and Social Care Information Centre were heavily criticised by MPs during a heated evidence session of the parliamentary health select committee on 8 April.

The centre’s leaders, however, defended their “world class” record on handling and disseminating data.

During the evidence session for the committee’s inquiry into handling NHS patient data, Valerie Vaz, Labour MP for Walsall South, said that the centre was a “shambles” and that it did not know what was happening with patient data that had been released. So called …
Cluster-Rasch models for microarray gene expression data
Authors: Hongzhe Li, Fangxin Hong
Journal: Genome biology (2001)

We propose two different formulations of the Rasch statistical models to the problem of relating gene expression profiles to the phenotypes. One formulation allows us to investigate whether a cluster of genes with similar expression profiles is related to the observed phenotypes; this model can also be used for future prediction. The other formulation provides an alternative way of identifying genes that are over- or underexpressed from their expression levels in tissue or cell samples of a given tissue or cell type.We illustrate the methods on available datasets of a classification of acute leukemias and of 60 cancer cell lines. For tumor classification, the results are comparable to those previously obtained. For the cancer cell lines dataset, we found four clusters of genes that are related to drug response for many of the 90 drugs that we considered. In addition, for each type of cell line, we identified genes that are over- or underexpressed relative to other genes.The cluster-Rasch model provides a probabilistic model for describing gene expression patterns across samples and can be used to relate gene expression profiles to phenotypes.
Association of a G <sup>994</sup> →T Missense Mutation in the Plasma Platelet-Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Gene With Genetic Susceptibility to Nonfamilial Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Japanese
Authors: Sahoko Ichihara, Yoshiji Yamada, Mitsuhiro Yokota
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Although several genes or genetic loci that are responsible for or confer susceptibility to familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have been identified, genetic defects that underlie nonfamilial DCM remain to be characterized. Mice lacking manganese superoxide dismutase exhibit DCM, suggesting that impairment of the defense mechanisms against oxidative stress is an important susceptibility factor for DCM. Plasma platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase also acts as a key defense against oxidative stress by hydrolyzing PAF and oxidized phospholipids. Thus, abnormalities in the activity of this enzyme may result in predisposition to myocardial damage.The possible association of a G994 (M allele)-->T (m allele) missense mutation in the plasma PAF acetylhydrolase gene with genetic susceptibility to nonfamilial DCM has now been investigated in 122 Japanese individuals with this condition and 226 healthy control subjects. PAF acetylhydrolase activity in plasma was significantly associated with plasma PAF acetylhydrolase genotype in both DCM patients and healthy control subjects. The frequency of the mutant m allele was significantly higher in DCM patients than in control subjects. Left ventricular mass (LVM) and the LVM index in DCM patients with Mm or mm genotypes were significantly greater than those in patients with the MM genotype.The G994-->T mutation in the plasma PAF acetylhydrolase gene is associated with nonfamilial DCM in Japanese subjects. Although the mutation is unlikely to be a causative factor, it may contribute to genetic susceptibility to or progression of nonfamilial DCM.
Tumor Cell Death Induced by Topoisomerase-Targeting Drugs
Authors: Tsai-Kun Li, Leroy F Liu
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2001)

DNA topoisomerases are double-edged swords. They are essential for many vital functions of DNA during normal cell growth. However, they are also highly vulnerable under various physiological and nonphysiological stresses because of their delicate act on breaking and rejoining DNA. These stresses (e.g. exposure to topoisomerase poisons, acidic pH, and oxidative stresses) can convert DNA topoisomerases into DNA-breaking nucleases, resulting in cell death and/or genomic instability. The importance of topoisomerase-mediated DNA cleavage in tumor cell death and carcinogenesis has been recognized. This review focuses on recent findings concerning the molecular mechanisms of the stress responses to topoisomerase-mediated DNA damage. The involvement of ubiquitin/26S proteasome and SUMO/UBC9 in these processes, as well as the role of topoisomerase cleavable complexes in apoptotic cell death are discussed.
Known and missing left ventricular ejection fraction and survival in patients with heart failure: a MAGGIC meta‐analysis report
Authors: Katrina K. Poppe, Iain B. Squire, Gillian A. Whalley, Lars Køber, Finlay A. McAlister, John J.V. McMurray, Stuart Pocock, Nikki J. Earle, Colin Berry, Robert N. Doughty
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Intraoperative management of tracheobronchial ruptures after double-lumen tube intubation
Authors: Kenan Can Ceylan, Seyda Ors Kaya, Ozgur Samancilar, Ozan Usluer, Soner Gursoy, Ahmet Ucvet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Tracheobronchial rupture is an uncommon but a potentially serious complication of endotracheal intubation. In this study, diagnosis and treatment strategies of a specific group of ruptures caused by double-lumen tube intubation is presented.   Methods:  The medical records of 18 patients diagnosed and treated for tracheobronchial rupture after double-lumen tube intubation between January 1999 and October 2010 is analyzed retrospectively.   Results:  In all cases, the rupture occurred at the membranous part. The average length of the laceration was 2.44±1.78 cm. The most common localization of the rupture was at the lower third of the trachea (n=7, 39%) or at the left mainstem bronchus (n=7, 39%). One patient was diagnosed before the incision by fiberoptic bronchoscopy and 17 patients by direct vision of the rupture intraoperatively. All patients are treated successfully with surgery. There was not any morbidity or mortality recorded related to the tracheobronchial rupture.   Conclusions:  The thoracic surgeons must be alerted for any tarcheobronchial rupture in patients that are intubated by double-lumen tube which is commonly used for thoracic operations. Immediate repair must be performed for any laceration which is diagnosed intraoperatively.
Importance Of High Molecular Weight Proteins In Walnut Allergy
Authors: Melanie L. Downs, Aida Semic-Jusufagic, Angela Simpson, Adnan Custovic, Savas Savatianos, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Joan Bartra, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Joe L. Baumert, Steve L. Taylor, E.N. Clare Mills
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Tracing the Phylogeography of Human Populations in Britain Based on 4th–11th Century mtDNA Genotypes
Authors: A L Töpf, M T P Gilbert, J P Dumbacher, A R Hoelzel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Some of the transitional periods of Britain during the first millennium A.D. are traditionally associated with the movement of people from continental Europe, composed largely of invading armies (e.g., the Roman, Saxon, and Viking invasions). However, the extent to which these were migrations (as opposed to cultural exchange) remains controversial. We investigated the history of migration by women by amplifying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from ancient Britons who lived between approximately A.D. 300-1,000 and compared these with 3,549 modern mtDNA database genotypes from England, Europe, and the Middle East. The objective was to assess the dynamics of the historical population composition by comparing genotypes in a temporal context. Towards this objective we test and calibrate the use of rho statistics to identify relationships between founder and source populations. We find evidence for shared ancestry between the earliest sites (predating Viking invasions) with modern populations across the north of Europe from Norway to Estonia, possibly reflecting common ancestors dating back to the last glacial epoch. This is in contrast with a late Saxon site in Norwich, where the genetic signature is consistent with more recent immigrations from the south, possibly as part of the Saxon invasions.
Lipopolysaccharide induces Jun N-terminal kinase activation in macrophages by a novel Cdc42/Rac-independent pathway involving sequential activation of protein kinase C ζ and phosphatidylcholine-dependent phospholipase C
Authors: Katarzyna J. Procyk, Maria Rita Rippo, Roberto Testi, Fred Hofmann, Peter J. Parker, Manuela Baccarini
Journal: Blood (2000)