tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies on anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF) monoclonal antibody NMC-4, which inhibits both ristocetin- and botrocetin-induced vWF binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib
Authors: Y Fujimura, Y Usami, K Titani, K Niinomi, K Nishio, T Takase, A Yoshioka, H Fukui
Journal: Blood (1991)
Insufficient education about COPD is main factor for low diagnosis rate
Authors: Florin Mihaltan, Roxana Nemes, Amelia Ionescu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background and Aim: To evaluate if prolonging duration of education and testing COPD campaign will increase presentation for testing (spirometry) and number of new diagnosed COPD cases, in population exposed to risk COPD factors.  Methods: One-week campaign was conducted in 2009-2010 and 2 weeks in 2011 on World Day of COPD. Target population had open access to office based spirometry tests.Through personalized letters from President of Romanian Society of Pneumology that inform about 12 reasons to take a spirometry test and the consequences of COPD,population was encouraged to access informative COPD web-site.The primary outcome measure was number of newly-diagnosed cases of COPD as a result of campaign.  Results: In 2009 (1 week campaign), 3494 persons presented for testing,847 were newly diagnosed with COPD (24% diagnosis rate). In 2010 (1 week campaign), 4298 persons were tested,1259 were diagnosed (29% diagnosis rate).In 2011, 2 weeks campaign resulted in 10523 persons tested, 3593 new diagnosed COPD patients (34% diagnosis rate). Growth 2011/2010 for persons presenting to test was 148%, vs 23% growth 2010/2009; for new diagnosed COPD patients, growth 2011/2010 was 186%, vs 48.64%, growth 2010/2009.  Conclusion: Prolonging duration for awareness disease campaign on case-finding for COPD increased testing presentation and interest for learning on COPD. Intensifying efforts for education, not limiting only to celebrating event as World COPD Day, can increase diagnosis rate.
Quality of life evaluation in patients with alpha1-antitripsin deficiency: A 3-year prospectic study
Authors: Mauro Carone, Gisella Bruletti, Enrica Bertella, Gianluigi Balestroni, Nuccia Gatta, Luciano Corda, Maurizio Luisetti, Bruno Balbi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: AATD is associated to pulmonary disease, mainly COPD. In comparison to COPDs without AATD, pts with AATD and COPD present an accelerated decline in respiratory function in conjunction to all the other COPD characteristics: frequent exacerbations, disabling symptoms (dyspnea and phlegm), reduction in exercise capacity and daily life activities. These pts, therefore, frequently have respiratory disability. However, their impairment appears in a relatively younger age in comparison to COPD.

Aim of the study: Our aim was to evaluate pts' QoL in relation to the use/not use of augmentation therapy.

Materials and methods: We performed a 3 year prospectic study in 32 pts (main age 54±10 yrs; M/F 19/13, FEV1 48±24% predicted). The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the EuroQoL (EQ-5D) were administered at baseline and yearly for three years. According to their spirometric impairment, patients were stratified in Group T, i.e. treated with weekly infusions of AAT (25 pts), and Group NT, i.e. not treated (7 pts).

Results: After 3 years, the decrease in FEV1 in Group T was 125 ml (4%), whereas in Group NT was 610 ml (41%), p<0.02.

SGRQ changes over three years were significantly different in the two groups. Group T showed a 7.8 unit improvement, whereas in Group NT QoL worsened by 7.9 units (p<0.04 over time between groups).

Conversely, the EQ-5D did not detect any change in health status between the two groups or over time.

Conclusion: These data show that AATD associated with COPD determines a decrease in patients' health status that may be slowed down by augmentation therapy. The improvement in health status in T Group can be detected by the SGRQ but not the EQ-5D.
Proliferative Capacity of Leukemic Cells in AKR Leukemia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Peter J. Rosen, Seymour Perry, Frank M. Schabel, Jr.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

The proliferative capacity of small AKR leukemic cells was evaluated after cell separation in a 1-g sucrose density gradient. On transplantation, the separated small cells, which were unlabeled by tritiated thymidine and had a 2 c (normal complement) content of DNA, produced leukemia as readily as larger labeled cells. It is concluded that the small cells are not end-stage cells, as previously suggested, but rather those in the G1 or G0 phase
Cumulative risk for a false-positive test using low-dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening
Authors: J. M. Croswell, S. G. Baker, P. M. Marcus, J. D. Clapp, B. S. Kramer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA1502 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sunlight may prevent cancer, study says
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Insufficient exposure to ultraviolet radiation may be an important risk factor for cancer in western Europe and North America, according to the author of a new study that directly contradicts official advice about sunlight.

The research, published this week in the journal Cancer (2002;94:1867-75), examined cancer mortality in the United States. Deaths from a range of cancers of the reproductive and digestive systems were approximately twice as high in New England as in the south west, despite a diet that varies little between regions.

An examination of 506 regions found a close inverse correlation between cancer mortality and levels of ultraviolet B light. The likeliest mechanism for a protective effect of sunlight is vitamin D, which is synthesised by the body in the presence of ultraviolet B.

The study's author, Dr William Grant, says northern parts of the United States may be dark enough in winter that vitamin D synthesis shuts down completely. While the study focused on white Americans, the same geographical trend affects black Americans, whose overall cancer rates are significantly higher. Darker skinned people require more sunlight to synthesise vitamin D.

“There are 13 malignancies that show this inverse correlation, mostly reproductive and digestive cancers,” said Dr Grant. “The strongest inverse correlation is with breast, colon, and ovarian cancer.”


Other cancers apparently affected by sunlight include tumours of the bladder, uterus, oesophagus, rectum, and stomach. 





AP PHOTO/TINA FINEBERG
Cellular Immunity to Murine Sarcoma Virus-Induced Tumors as Measured by Macrophage Migration Inhibition Assays
Authors: Santo Landolfo, Ronald B. Herberman, Howard T. Holden
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

C57BL/6N mice immunized with regressor murine sarcoma virus (MuSV) were studied at different times after inoculation for their cellular immune responses as measured by migration inhibition assays. We used both the direct capillary and indirect agarose dropiet methods and, as the source of antigens, viable tumor cells and 3 M KCl-solubilized extracts. Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production coulctivity becoming undetectable after 21 days. However, the level of activity and the kinetics of production of this lymphokine were strongly influenced by the source of the antigen and the form in which it was presented to the immune spleen cells (ISC). Using RBL-5 ct 9-10 days, a decrease to low levels at 14 days, and a second peak of activity between 17 and 21 days. However, uith MBL-2 cells or with 3 M KCl-solubilized antigen from fresh RBL-5 ascites cells, MIF production was observed as early as 9-10 days after tumor induction, peaked at 14 days, and decreased substantially by 21 days. T-cells appeared to be required for migration inhibition reactivity, since ISC depleted of T-lymphocytes by treatment with antibody plus complement were unable to produce MIF after antigen stimulation. The results obtained from specificity studies on the response of ISC in migration inhibition to 11 different tumor lines agreed with the results previously obtained from cytotoxicity studies. With the use of RBL-5 cells as the antigen, there appeared to be an inverse relationship between the development of specific cytotoxic effector cells in 51Cr-release assay and the development of specific effector cells needed for MIF production. However, after removal of adherent cells, the level of cytotoxicity observed correlated with MIF release by immune lymphocytes.
Over 2000 cases of thoracic trauma - 10 years experience of a single clinical centre
Authors: Alexandru Nicodin, Ovidiu Burlacu, Voicu Voiculescu, Gabriel Cozma, Calin Tunea
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objectives: We present the experience of our clinic in the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic trauma, there being some controversial issues in this field in medical literature.  Material and Methods: This study encompasses 2156 cases admitted over a period of 10 years (2002 – 2011). Patients were analyzed in terms of sex, age, causative mechanism, as well as thoracic and extrathoracic lesions. Methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment, complications that occur, duration of hospital stay, and evolution under treatment are presented.  Results: Hospitalization due to thoracic trauma represents on an average 21% of all admissions. Cases of polytrauma (35%) were managed by a multidisciplinary team. Regarding diagnostic tools, computerized tomography was used in 35% of the cases and bronchoscopy in 6%. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was used for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary contusions in 1.4% of the cases. The most frequent thoracic lesions were rib fractures, pleural effusions, and pulmonary contusions. Pleurotomy was most frequently used (47%) while thoracotomy was used in 8% of the cases operated upon. Complications affected 18% of the cases. 76% of patients that required over 3 weeks of hospitalization presented with extensive pulmonary contusion. Unfavorable results were seen in 4% of the patients while 2.6% of the patients died.  Conclusions: Thoracic trauma represents a difficult challenge, often with a surprising evolution. The diagnosis and application of the best surgical management, often with the help of a multidisciplinary team, is paramount. Associated pulmonary contusion prolongs hospital stay.
An assessment of breast cancer survivorship awareness and educational needs among health care professionals
Authors: P. De Fusco, R. Chlebowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e17542 Background: Tremendous advances in detection and treatment have improved breast cancer survival rates. However, with nearly 22.4 million people worldwide living with cancer, optimal survivorship care has become a major focus of health care professionals (HCPs) and patient advocates. The Breast Cancer Survivorship Alliance (BCSA) is a group of HCPs and patient advocates dedicated to enhancing patient survivorship care and encouraging HCPs to look beyond the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Methods: To identify educational needs in breast cancer survivorship, a 25-question survey was fielded at the 2007 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. Electronic and print surveys were available at the Y-Me National Breast Cancer Organization and AstraZeneca booths. Results: Of the 516 respondents, 29% were from the United States, 63% were from the rest of the world, and 8% did not specify a location. A total of 73% were physicians, 7% were oncology nurses, nurse practitioners, or physician assistants, and 20% represented other aspects of breast cancer care (e.g., advocates and patients). The survey revealed a lack of consensus on the definition of cancer survivor, with only 26% of respondents selecting the definition established by the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship (ie, from the moment of cancer diagnosis and for the balance of life). More than half (i.e., 51%) defined cancer survivor as a patient who has been disease-free for 5 years. Overall wellness promotion, adherence, and management of treatment-related side effects were ranked as the 3 most essential aspects of survivorship care. While most practices engage in posttreatment survivorship counseling, only 16% provide patients with an end-of-treatment summary or survivorship care plan. Most respondents indicated that their institution has a survivorship program in place (39%) or in development (30%). Conclusions: Although progress has been made in understanding and implementing survivorship care, additional education is needed to optimize care of breast cancer survivors. [Table: see text]
An HPV-E6/E7 immunotherapy plus PD-1 checkpoint inhibition results in tumor regression and reduction in PD-L1 expression
Authors: Adrian E Rice, Yvette Latchman, Joseph P Balint, John H Lee, Elizabeth S Gabitzsch, Frank R Jones
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts The prevalence of head and neck cancers in the USA is estimated to be about 370,000 and between 25% to 38% of these are human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). We have developed a viral gene delivery platform to immunize against HPV
Six-year results of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial of observation versus CMFP versus CMFPT in postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer.
Authors: S G Taylor, M W Knuiman, L A Sleeper, J E Olson, D C Tormey, K W Gilchrist, G Falkson, S N Rosenthal, P P Carbone, F J Cummings
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) trial of adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP) or CMFP plus tamoxifen (CMFPT) for 1 year compared with observation alone in 265 postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer is reported with 74 months median follow-up. Overall relapse-free survival tended to favor CMFPT (P = .08), but no survival differences existed between any treatment group. The addition of tamoxifen to CMFP led to slightly (but not significantly) better relapse-free status in all subgroups analyzed. Subgroup analysis based on stratification variables showed significant benefit from CMFP (+/- T) only in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients with respect to disease-free status (P = .0003), but not survival (P = .54). Relapse-free status was actually worse for CMFP-treated patients with ER-positive tumors, but not significantly so (P = .15). By multivariate analysis other significant risk factors for relapse-free status were primary tumor size, number of nodes pathologically involved, and the number of nodes examined. ER status was prognostic only for the observation group with the benefit from chemotherapy on ER-negative patients obliterating this difference in treated patients. Survival was affected by the number of involved nodes, tumor size, presence of tumor necrosis, and patient obesity. Analysis of toxicity showed elevation of liver enzymes during the first year to be more common in the observation group compared with those patients receiving adjuvant treatment and to be associated with early recurrence. Toxicity from adjuvant treatment persisted beyond termination of therapy in 53% of patients, but was usually mild and self-limited. We conclude CMFPT offers relapse-free survival benefit in ER-negative patients, but the value of chemotherapy in ER-positive postmenopausal, node-positive patients must be questioned.
Replication of Leukemogenic-Type Virus in Cats Inoculated With Feline Lymphosarcoma Extracts&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Helen M. Laird, Oswald Jarrett, G. W. Crighton, W. F. H. Jarrett, D. Hay
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Electron microscopy of the spleen and bone marrow from a cat with spontaneous feline lymphosarcoma revealed leukemogenic-type viruses. Newborn kittens and adult cats were inoculated with an extract or a filtrate prepared from tumor tissue from the cat. Infected kittens and cats were bled by cardiac puncture approximately 4 and 6 weeks after injection, and pellets of blood platelets were prepared for electron microscopy. The same type of virus as in the donor animal budded from the surface of the platelets and into platelet vacuoles, and complete virus particles were found free between the platelets and in platelet vacuoles. Platelet pellets from uninfected kittens bled at 28 and 42 days showed no virus particles. Bone marrow, thymus, and spleen from each of 2 kittens killed 28 days after inoculation contained fully formed and budding particles of the leukemogenic type. The clinical disease developed in some kittens.
Siblings Promote a Type 1/Type 17-oriented immune response in the airways of asymptomatic neonates
Authors: H. M. Wolsk, B. L. Chawes, N. V. Følsgaard, M. A. Rasmussen, S. Brix, H. Bisgaard
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Background Siblings have been shown to reduce the risk of childhood asthma and allergy, but the mechanism driving this association is unknown. The objective was to study whether siblings affect the airway immune response in healthy neonates, which could represent an underlying immune modulatory pathway. Methods We measured 20 immune mediators related to the Type 1, Type 2, Type 17, or regulatory immune pathways in the airway mucosa of 571 one-month-old asymptomatic neonates from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 birth cohort (COPSAC2010). The association between airway mediator levels and presence of siblings was investigated using conventional statistics and principle component analysis (PCA). Results Neonates with siblings had an upregulated level of airway immune mediators, with predominance of Type 1- and Type 17-related mediators. This was supported by the PCA showing a highly significant difference between children with vs without siblings: P < 10−10, which persisted after adjustment for potential confounders including pathogenic airway bacteria and viruses: P < 0.0001. The immune priming effect was inversely associated with time since last childbirth: P = 0.0015. Conclusions Siblings mediate a Type 1/Type 17-related immune-stimulatory effect in the airways of asymptomatic neonates, also after adjustment for pathogenic bacteria and viruses, indicating that siblings exert a transferable early immune modulatory effect. These findings may represent an in utero immune priming effect of the fetal immune system caused by previous pregnancies as the effect was attenuated with time since last childbirth, or it could relate to the presence of unidentified microbes, but further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Phase II study of neoadjuvant gemcitabine, epirubicin, and albumin-bound nab paclitaxel (GEA) in locally advanced breast cancer with SPARC tumor assessments
Authors: D. A. Yardley, R. C. Inhorn, D. Daniel, B. Daniel, Y. Naot, J. Zubkus, L. Simons, D. Knauer, V. Trieu, N. Desai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

603 Background: Gemcitabine (G), anthracyclines and taxanes have significant activity as neoadjuvant therapy. SPARC, a known prognostic factor for poor survival, is an albumin binding protein that may mediate intratumoral accumulation of nab-paclitaxel (nab-pac) via a SPARC-albumin specific binding activity. This study investigated SPARC tumor status with pathologic correlatives and responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Eligibility: Clinical T1c-T4-d and/or N0–3, M0 breast cancer (T1N0M0 excluded). ER/PR/HER2 status were obtained for all pts. ECOG PS 0–2, normal LVEF, Treatment: 6 cycles neoadjuvant G 2,000 mg/m2, epirubicin 50 mg/m2, and nab-pac 175 mg/m2 q14 days followed by surgery. Postoperative therapy: 4 cycles G 2,000 mg/m2 and nab-pac 220 mg/m2 q14 days. Myeloid growth factors were mandated with all cycles. Tumor SPARC immunohistochemistry was scored on a 0–3 scale (0=absent, 1= weak, 2=moderate, 3=strong). Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analyses. Results: 123 pts have enrolled with pathologic responses available for 95. 49 pts consented to SPARC testing, 32 pts declined, and 42 are in progress. Median age 51 (29–72). Median tumor size 4.5 cm. Histology: 78% ductal, 9% lobular, 13% others. 42% ER and PR negative. 55% clinical T3/T4 and 66% lymph node positive at presentation. G3/4 toxicity present in >5% of patients: neutropenia 10% (febrile neutropenia 1 pt), thrombocytopenia 5% with arthralgias, fatigue, and infection each in 7%. 20 pts did not complete study treatment for the following reasons: disease progression 7, toxicity 3, patient/MD request 5, and other 5. Total of 1,049 cycles were administered. pCR was noted in 21 pts (22%) with PRs in 69 pts (67%), and 5 SD. SPARC data were available for 44 pts (6 pts- level 0, 5 pts level 1, 14 patients level 2, 19 pts level 3). Pts who were ER+ were more likely to be SPARC+ (p=0.01). Pts who were triple negative were more likely to be SPARC- (p=0.04). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant dose dense GEA demonstrated favorable activity with pathologic response rates comparable to other neoadjuvant regimens albeit with minimal toxicity. Additional data on SPARC analyses are in progress and will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer Abraxis Oncology, Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer
Clinical significance of proliferative activity evaluated by MIB-1 in the treatment and postoperative follow-up of early breast cancer
Authors: R. Nishimura, N. Arima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21054 Background: To evaluate a clinical significance of proliferative activity in breast cancer, we studied relationships between proliferative activity and recurrence rate, the time of recurrence or adjuvant therapy. Methods: We analyzed 2448 patients with primary breast cancer between 1987 and 2004 in the Kumamoto City Hospital, and 437 cases out of the patients developed recurrence. Furthermore, the rate of recurrence before and after 1999 when postoperative adjuvant therapy (such as CEF or Taxanes) was started as standard treatment was investigated. Proliferative activity was judged by immunostaining for MIB-1. The fraction of proliferating cells was classified into 3 degrees (=19%, 20–49%, 50%=). Median observation period was 70 months. Results: 1) Distribution of patients by proliferation was as follows; =19%:1215 cases(50%), 20–49%: 870 cases(35%), or 50%=: 363 cases(15%). There was a significant relationship between proliferative activity and tumor size, nodal status, ER, PgR, p53 or HER2 status. 2) Multivariate analysis for disease-free survival revealed that a proliferative activity was one of significant factors in node-negative and positive cases. Recurrence rate was 11.6% in cases with low proliferation and 31.0% in high proliferation. The mean period from operation to recurrence in cases with low proliferation was 50.2 months, whereas 19.9 months in high proliferation (p&lt;0.0001). Moreover, 74% of recurrent cases with high proliferation recurred within 2 years after operation, and there were few recurrences from the fifth year. 3) Patients with low proliferation frequently developed bone metastasis. In local recurrence, diffuse skin recurrence was often seen in cases with high proliferation. 4) The prognosis of patients in the later period (standard therapy group) was significantly better than that of patients in the earlier period, especially in high proliferation group. Conclusions: Proliferative activity might reflect aggressive behavior of breast cancer and predict the time of recurrence. The standard adjuvant therapy was effective in inhibiting early recurrence with high proliferation. It is important to take proliferative activity into consideration in the treatment and follow-up of breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.