tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congenital coronary artery anomalies: a bridge from embryology to anatomy and pathophysiology—a position statement of the development, anatomy, and pathology ESC Working Group
Authors: José María Pérez-Pomares, José Luis de la Pompa, Diego Franco, Deborah Henderson, Siew Yen Ho, Lucile Houyel, Robert G. Kelly, David Sedmera, Mary Sheppard, Silke Sperling, Gaetano Thiene, Maurice van den Hoff, Cristina Basso
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

Congenital coronary artery anomalies are of major significance in clinical cardiology and cardiac surgery due to their association with myocardial ischaemia and sudden death. Such anomalies are detectable by imaging modalities and, according to various definitions, their prevalence ranges from 0.21 to 5.79%. This consensus document from the Development, Anatomy and Pathology Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology aims to provide: (i) a definition of normality that refers to essential anatomical and embryological features of coronary vessels, based on the integrated analysis of studies of normal and abnormal coronary embryogenesis and pathophysiology; (ii) an animal model-based systematic survey of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate coronary blood vessel development; (iii) an organization of the wide spectrum of coronary artery anomalies, according to a comprehensive anatomical and embryological classification scheme; (iv) current knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying symptoms and signs of coronary artery anomalies, with diagnostic and therapeutic implications. This document identifies the mosaic-like embryonic development of the coronary vascular system, as coronary cell types differentiate from multiple cell sources through an intricate network of molecular signals and haemodynamic cues, as the necessary framework for understanding the complex spectrum of coronary artery anomalies observed in human patients.
Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults: Advice for High-Value Care From the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: Aaron M. Harris, Lauri A. Hicks, Amir Qaseem
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Background: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is the most common reason for antibiotic prescription in adults. Antibiotics are often inappropriately prescribed for patients with ARTI. This article presents best practices for antibiotic use in healthy adults (those without chronic lung disease or immunocompromising conditions) presenting with ARTI. Methods: A narrative literature review of evidence about appropriate antibiotic use for ARTI in adults was conducted. The most recent clinical guidelines from professional societies were complemented by meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized clinical trials. To identify evidence-based articles, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched through September 2015 using the following Medical Subject Headings terms: "acute bronchitis," "respiratory tract infection," "pharyngitis," "rhinosinusitis," and "the common cold." High-Value Care Advice 1: Clinicians should not perform testing or initiate antibiotic therapy in patients with bronchitis unless pneumonia is suspected. High-Value Care Advice 2: Clinicians should test patients with symptoms suggestive of group A streptococcal pharyngitis (for example, persistent fevers, anterior cervical adenitis, and tonsillopharyngeal exudates or other appropriate combination of symptoms) by rapid antigen detection test and/or culture for group A Streptococcus. Clinicians should treat patients with antibiotics only if they have confirmed streptococcal pharyngitis. High-Value Care Advice 3: Clinicians should reserve antibiotic treatment for acute rhinosinusitis for patients with persistent symptoms for more than 10 days, onset of severe symptoms or signs of high fever (>39 °C) and purulent nasal discharge or facial pain lasting for at least 3 consecutive days, or onset of worsening symptoms following a typical viral illness that lasted 5 days that was initially improving (double sickening). High-Value Care Advice 4: Clinicians should not prescribe antibiotics for patients with the common cold.
MALIGNANT SKIN LESIONS
Authors: Nava Siegelmann-Danieli, Hector Isaac Cohen, Ofer Ben-Izhack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.12.3850 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10577858 MALIGNANT SKIN LESIONS Nava Siegelmann-DanielixNava Siegelmann-DanieliSearch for articles by this author , Hector Isaac CohenxHector Isaac CohenSearch for articles by this author , Ofer Ben-IzhackxOfer Ben-IzhackSearch for articles by this author Show More Rambam Medical Center and Western Galilee Hospital, Haifa, Israel https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.12.3850 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin (XELOX) Combined with Bevacizumab for High-Risk Localized Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kato Takeshi, Hasegawa Junichi, Mizushima Tsunekazu, Kim Ho, Miyake Yasuhiro, Hata Taishi, Nishimura Junichi, Ikenaga Kazumasa, Takemoto Hiroyoshi, Tamagawa Hiroshi, Noura Shingo, Ohue Masayuki, Murata Kouhei, Fujie Yuichiro, Fukunaga Mutsumi, Takemasa Ichirou, Ikeda Masataka, Yamamoto Hirofumi, Sekimoto Mistugu, Nezu Riichirou, Doki Yuichiro, Mori Masaki
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
EPID-06AGE-SPECIFIC FEATURES OF LOW AND HIGH-GRADE DIFFUSE GLIOMAS BY IDH MUTATION STATUS
Authors: Quinn Ostrom, Daniel Brat, Lee Cooper, David Gutman, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Incidence rates of glioma subtypes are significantly associated with age, and youth is one of the strongest predictors of improved survival after diagnosis. In the US, lower grade gliomas (LGG, WHO grade II and III) are more common in younger age groups (18-39 years) than glioblastoma (WHO grade IV), which is most common in those over 65. The causes of these incidence and survival differences are not currently known. METHODS: Using data from 991 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including 565 glioblastomas and 426 LGGs, we assessed somatic mutations by age and by IDH mutational status. RESULTS: 32 (7.3%) glioblastomas and 321 (81.4%) LGGs were IDH mutants (IDHmut). Median age at diagnosis for IDHmut and IDH wild type (IDHwt) subjects was 39.0 and 59.2, respectively. IDHwt gliomas had a mutation rate approximately 3x that of IDHmut. Within the IDHmut group, older age was significantly associated with increased mutation rate (p = 0.03) after adjustment for WHO grade. Older age was significantly associated with MGMT hypermethylation in both groups and 1p19q codeletion in IDHmut. Within IDHmut, there was a significant positive associations between age and mutation in NOTCH1 and negative in TP53. Within IDHwt, NOTCH3 mutation was significantly associated with decreased age. CONCLUSIONS: IDH mutation is more common among younger persons and WHO grade II/III gliomas. Younger persons diagnosed with IDHmut gliomas have fewer somatic alterations as compared to older persons, and those with IDHwt tumors. Age is significantly associated with alternations that are markers of improved survival.
The role of adjuvant surgery in the combined modality therapy of small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma after a chemotherapy-induced partial remission.
Authors: P Y Holoye, M J McMurtrey, C F Mountain, W K Murphy, H M Dhingra, T Umsawasdi, B S Glisson, J S Lee, D T Carr, M Valdivieso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Twenty-six patients with a limited-disease presentation of small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma (SCBC) had surgery after achieving a partial remission with three cycles of chemotherapy. Persistent SCBC was found in 15 patients (58%), non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma (NSCBC) in six patients (23%), and no malignancy in five patients (19%). Twelve patients have died since surgery. Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging prior to or after chemotherapy was not predictive of outcome, but an N0 status found at pathological examination of the surgical specimen was predictive of long-term survival. Median survival for this group of patients was 25 months. Adjuvant surgery is feasible and may be beneficial.
Exosomes Derived from Hypoxic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Deliver miR-21 to Normoxic Cells to Elicit a Prometastatic Phenotype
Authors: Ling Li, Chao Li, Shaoxin Wang, Zhaohui Wang, Jian Jiang, Wei Wang, Xiaoxia Li, Jin Chen, Kun Liu, Chunhua Li, Guiquan Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with aggressiveness and poor patient outcomes. Exosomes, initially considered to be cellular "garbage dumpsters," are now implicated in mediating interactions with the cellular environment. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between exosomes and hypoxia during cancer progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that exosomes derived from hypoxic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells increased the migration and invasion of OSCC cells in a HIF-1α and HIF-2α-dependent manner. Given that exosomes have been shown to transport miRNAs to alter cellular functions, we performed miRNA sequencing of normoxic and hypoxic OSCC-derived exosomes. Of the 108 miRNAs that were differentially expressed, miR-21 stood out as one of the most significantly upregulated miRNAs under hypoxic conditions. miR-21 depletion in hypoxic OSCC cells led to decreased miR-21 levels in exosomes and significantly reduced cell migration and invasion. Conversely, restoration of miR-21 expression in HIF-1α and HIF-2α-depleted exosomes rescued OSCC cell migration and invasion. Moreover, exosomal miR-21 markedly enhanced snail and vimentin expression, while significantly decreasing E-cadherin levels in OSCC cells, in vitro and in vivo Finally, circulating exosomal miR-21 levels were closely associated with HIF-1α/HIF-2α expression, T stage, and lymph node metastasis in patients with OSCC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the hypoxic microenvironment may stimulate tumor cells to generate miR-21-rich exosomes that are delivered to normoxic cells to promote prometastatic behaviors and prompt further investigation into the therapeutic value of exosome inhibition for cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1770-80. ©2016 AACR.
First set-up meeting for Antibiotic Resistance and Prescribing in European Children (ARPEC)
Authors: K L Henderson, B Müller-Pebody, A P Johnson, H Goossens, M Sharland, Collective on behalf of the ARPEC Group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Preview this article: First set-up meeting for Antibiotic Resistance and Prescribing in European Children (ARPEC), Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/14/45/art19404-en-1.gif
Prospective evaluation of bacteremia rates and infectious complications among patients undergoing single-operator choledochoscopy during ERCP
Authors: Nirav Thosani, Richard Zubarik, Rajan Kochar, Shivangi Kothari, Neeraj Sardana, Tu Nguyen, Subhas Banerjee
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Choledochoscopy is increasingly performed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for direct bile duct visualization. Choledochoscopy necessitates irrigation of the bile duct with water or saline, which may increase intrabiliary pressure and consequently the risks of bacteremia and cholangitis. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the risk of bacteremia and infectious complications in patients undergoing single-operator choledochoscopy (SOC). <b>Patients and methods:</b> Patients requiring ERCP with SOC at two tertiary care centers were enrolled prospectively. Blood cultures were obtained immediately before the ERCP, after completion of the ERCP portion of the procedure (to determine ERCP-related bacteremia), and 15 minutes after completion of SOC. <b>Results:</b> A total of 72 patients (mean age 64 years; 51.4 % male) underwent ERCP with SOC. True positive blood cultures were noted in 20 patients (27.8 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 17.86 % – 39.59 %), of whom 6 patients (8.3 %; 95 %CI 3.12 % – 17.26 %) had transient bacteremia following ERCP. Of 14 patients (19.4 %; 95 %CI 11.05 % – 30.46 %) with sustained bacteremia following ERCP or SOC, 10 patients (13.9 %; 95 %CI 6.86 % – 24.06 %) had sustained bacteremia related to SOC. Despite the use of post-procedure intravenous antibiotic administration, seven patients (9.7 %; 95 %CI 3.99 – 19.01 %) required further antibiotic treatment for infectious complications, three of whom (4.2 %; 95 %CI 0.86 % – 11.69 %) were hospitalized in order to receive intravenous antibiotic therapy. <b>Conclusion:</b> The bacteremia associated with ERCP with SOC and the subsequent risk of hospitalization for infectious complications suggest that preprocedure antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered for patients undergoing SOC, particularly in older patients and those with prior stent placement or undergoing intraductal stone lithotripsy. Trial registration: clinical trials.gov (NCT01414400).
Factors influencing development of pain after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Da Jung, Young Youn, Jie-Hyun Kim, Hyojin Park
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely used for local treatment of gastric neoplasms. Although ESD-related complications such as bleeding and perforation have been reported, data are currently lacking on the development of pain, which is one of the most common adverse events after ESD. The aim of the current study was to investigate the incidence and clinicopathologic risk factors of pain after ESD. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate 156 patients with gastric neoplasms treated by ESD at Gangnam Severance Hospital between April 2011 and August 2013. All patients were randomly assigned to treatment with intravenous proton pump inhibitor (PPI) either before or after ESD. Acid infusion tests were performed in a subgroup of 21 patients to investigate the mechanism of pain after ESD. <b>Results:</b> The incidence of moderate-to-severe pain after ESD was significantly lower in the group that received preprocedure PPI (44.9 %) compared to those who did not (62.8 %). Female sex, tumors of the distal stomach (i. e. lower third), baseline dyspeptic symptoms, and positive acid infusion testing were variables that correlated significantly with the development of pain after ESD, although female sex was not significant in multivariate analysis. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients with tumors of the distal stomach and baseline dyspeptic symptoms were more likely to develop pain after gastric ESD. Hypersensitivity to acid was one mechanism fueling post-ESD pain. Prophylactic PPI treatment was effective at reducing post-ESD pain. Trial registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02254889).
The natural killer-related receptor for HLA-C expressed on T cells from CD3+ lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes displays either inhibitory or stimulatory function
Authors: A Cambiaggi, AM Orengo, R Meazza, S Sforzini, PL Tazzari, F Lauria, D Raspadori, R Zambello, G Semenzato, L Moretta, S Ferrini
Journal: Blood (1996)
Dual targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with sorafenib and bevacizumab: Clinical and translational results
Authors: N. S. Azad, C. Annunziata, T. Barrett, C. Chen, S. Steinberg, V. E. Kwitkowski, D. McNally, H. Kotz, L. Minasian, E. C. Kohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

3542 Background: VEGF is a major mediator of angiogenesis in malignancy. We targeted the VEGF pathway in series by combining the VEGFR2/Raf kinase inhibitor sorafenib (S) with bevacizumab (B), a selective anti-VEGF antibody. We hypothesized that this combination would suppress angiogenesis and tumor growth, with corresponding changes in correlative dynamic imaging. Methods: Eligible pts had non-curable solid tumors, ECOG performance status 0–1, good end organ function, and no prior exposure to S or B. We enrolled pts at S 200 mg po BID and B 5 mg/kg IV q2weeks (dose level [DL] 1) and escalated each drug sequentially. The MTD was DL1; 24 additional pts were enrolled at this dose and randomized to single agent S (Arm 1) or B (Arm 2) for one month, then S+B thereafter. Serum samples for cytokine analysis, dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and 18FDG- PET scans were performed at 0, 2, and 6 weeks. DCE-MRI and PET scans measured vascular permeability (Ktrans) and metabolic activity (standardized uptake values [SUV]), respectively. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate the differences between the paired imaging values at the test time points in an exploratory fashion. Results: 7/38 pts (6/14 ovarian ca pts and 1/3 renal cell ca pts) had partial responses (8+-20 mo; median 15). Grade 3–4 toxicities included hypertension (10), proteinuria (2, DLT), and thrombocytopenia (1, DLT). Common grade 2 toxicities were hand-foot syndrome (18), fatigue (13), infection (13), and hypertension (12). DCE-MRI Ktrans decreased with S+B compared to baseline (p&lt;0.03, both arms); no significant change occurred with either S or B treatment alone or between arms. No significant changes in PET SUV measurements occurred with treatment. Correlation of dynamic imaging parameters with response was not possible due to the limited patient numbers. Serial cytokine analysis is presently being performed and will be included at the time of presentation. Conclusions: S+B is active in solid tumors with manageable toxicity. DCE-MRI shows a decrease in vascular permeability with S+B treatment. A larger trial is necessary to evaluate if DCE-MRI changes can be predictive of response and is ongoing now in ovarian cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase and Size Control of Core–Shell Upconversion Nanocrystals Light up Deep Dual Luminescence Imaging and CT In Vivo
Authors: Ning Kang, Yu Liu, Yaming Zhou, Dong Wang, Chuan Chen, Shefang Ye, Liming Nie, Lei Ren
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) have recently been explored as optical imaging nanoprobes. However, conventional β‐NaLuF 4 ‐ based UCNCs often suffer from large particle size and weak upconversion luminescence (UCL) intensity, leading to poor biocompatibility and low detection sensitivity. Here, a novel strategy for controlling the crystalline phase and size of UCNCs has been developed by doping of yttrium ions, resulting in particle size reduction and phase transition. The total UCL intensity of prepared core–shell UCNCs is significantly enhanced up to ≈4.9 and ≈17.4 times after Tm 3+ and Er 3+ doping than that of core UCNCs, offering deeper tissue UCL imaging with a depth of 8 mm in vivo. Moreover, the CT signal of core–shell UCNCs is ≈1.5 and ≈3.5 times brighter than that of core UCNCs and commercial ioversol agent because of increasing contents of Lu 3+ doped in UCNCs. The synthesized core–shell UCNCs hold a great promise in deep UCL and CT dual‐modality imaging in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract 13438: Rivaroxaban, a Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor, Attenuates Neointima Formation after Mechanical Vascular Injury
Authors: Tomoya Hara, Daiju Fukuda, Kimie Tanaka, Yasutomi Higashikuni, Yoichiro Hirata, Shusuke Yagi, Hirotsugu Yamada, Takeshi Soeki, Tetsuzo Wakatsuki, Michio Shimabukuro, Masataka Sata
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Bachground: Activated factor X (FXa) is a key member in the coagulation cascade responsible for thrombin generation, although accumulating evidence suggests it also has various biological functions in many cell types, contributing to the pathogenesis of neointima formation after vascular injury. In this study, we assessed the hypothesis that rivaroxaban, a direct FXa inhibitor, attenuates neointima formation after mechanical vascular injury by inhibiting both pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages and proliferative activation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results: Rivaroxaban (5 mg/kg/day) was administered for 4 weeks to C57BL/6 mice after wire-mediated vascular injury. Plasma lipid levels and blood pressure were similar between rivaroxaban group and the control group. Rivaroxaban significantly reduced neointima area (30452 ± 2531 μm2 vs. 19582 ± 2531 μm2; P &lt; 0.05) and intima/media ratio (4.37 ± 0.50 vs. 2.60 ± 0.50; P &lt; 0.05) in the injured arteries at four weeks after injury, as determined by elastica van Gieson staining, compared with the control group. In vitro experiments using mouse peritoneal macrophages or murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 demonstrated that FXa increased mRNA expression of inflammatory molecules (e.g., IL-1β and TNF-α) and vasoproliferative molecules (e.g., PDGF and BMP-2), which was blocked in the presence of rivaroxaban. In vitro experiments using rat VSMCs demonstrated that FXa stimulation promoted both mitogenesis and migration of this cell type, as determined by MTS assay and scratch-wound assay, respectively. Rivaroxaban attenuated these FXa-induced mitogenesis and migration. Conclusions: Rivaroxaban attenuates neointima formation in a mouse model of vascular injury. Our analyses suggest that FXa contributes to both pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages and proliferative activation of VSMCs, participating in the progression of neointima formation after vascular injury. FXa may serve as a potential therapeutic target for neointima formation after vascular injury.
Abstract 12893: Overexpression of Coupling Factor 6 Attenuates Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Swimming and Causes Systolic Cardiac Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Shigeki Sagara, Tomohiro Osanai, Taihei Itoh, Kei Izumiyama, Shuji Shibutani, Kenji Hanada, Yuko Yamamoto, Ken Okumura
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Physiological cardiac hypertrophy (PCH) induced by regular exercise is usually beneficial. The activation of Akt was shown to be involved in PCH, but its regulatory mechanism is poorly ...
The frequency of suicide attempts: a retrospective approach applied to college students
Authors: B L Mishara, A H Baker, T T Mishara
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

Suicide attempt rates are usually reported as an annual statistic. However, annual rates may underestimate the cumulative prevalence of attempters since they ignore people whose attempts occurred in years other than the one examined. The authors studied the prevalence of suicide attempters over several years through data gathered from retrospective reports of college students. They found that 15% of the total sample studied (N=293) reported having attempted suicide at one time. This unexpectedly high rate suggests that suicidal behavior is a serious problem among college students and underlines the need for further retrospective studies of the prevalence of suicide attempters.
Austerity and ecology
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2016)

Last month, Public Health England announced increases in life expectancy. For what it’s worth, men aged 65 years old can expect to live for another 19 years. Women of that age can expect to live a further 21 years. There is regional variation. For example, there is no predicted increase for the North East. Whether people are also living longer healthier lives with compression of morbidity is also debatable.