tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subject–ventilator synchrony during neural versus pneumatically triggered non-invasive helmet ventilation
Authors: Onnen Moerer, Jennifer Beck, Lukas Brander, Roberta Costa, Michael Quintel, Arthur S. Slutsky, Fabrice Brunet, Christer Sinderby
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

Patient–ventilator synchrony during non-invasive pressure support ventilation with the helmet device is often compromised when conventional pneumatic triggering and cycling-off were used. A possible solution to this shortcoming is to replace the pneumatic triggering with neural triggering and cycling-off—using the diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi). This signal is insensitive to leaks and to the compliance of the ventilator circuit. Randomized, single-blinded, experimental study. University Hospital. Seven healthy human volunteers. Pneumatic triggering and cycling-off were compared to neural triggering and cycling-off during NIV delivered with the helmet. Triggering and cycling-off delays, wasted efforts, and breathing comfort were determined during restricted breathing efforts (<20% of voluntary maximum EAdi) with various combinations of pressure support (PSV) (5, 10, 20 cm H2O) and respiratory rates (10, 20, 30 breath/min). During pneumatic triggering and cycling-off, the subject–ventilator synchrony was progressively more impaired with increasing respiratory rate and levels of PSV (p < 0.001). During neural triggering and cycling-off, effect of increasing respiratory rate and levels of PSV on subject–ventilator synchrony was minimal. Breathing comfort was higher during neural triggering than during pneumatic triggering (p < 0.001). The present study demonstrates in healthy subjects that subject–ventilator synchrony, trigger effort, and breathing comfort with a helmet interface are considerably less impaired during increasing levels of PSV and respiratory rates with neural triggering and cycling-off, compared to conventional pneumatic triggering and cycling-off.
Rituximab plus infusional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide in HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma: pooled results from 3 phase 2 trials
Authors: Michele Spina, Ulrich Jaeger, Joseph A. Sparano, Renato Talamini, Cecilia Simonelli, Mariagrazia Michieli, Giuseppe Rossi, Ezio Nigra, Massimiliano Berretta, Chiara Cattaneo, Armin C. Rieger, Emanuela Vaccher, Umberto Tirelli
Journal: Blood (2004)
Engineering integrin signaling for promoting embryonic stem cell self-renewal in a precisely defined niche
Authors: Seung Tae Lee, Jung Im Yun, Yun Suk Jo, Mayumi Mochizuki, André J. van der Vlies, Stephan Kontos, Jong Eun Ihm, Jeong M. Lim, Jeffrey A. Hubbell
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Direct experience <b><i>is</i></b> ecologically valid
Authors: Adam S. Goodie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Koehler's (1996t) target article raised, and various commentators discussed, two issues that seem far separated but actually have a great deal in common. These are the value of “ecologically valid” research and the effect of direct experience on base-rate usage. Koehler discussed the former as a methodological issue and the latter as a normative one, and no commentator chose to incorporate them, but directly experienced base rates are a good example of ecologically valid research. The state of the literature with regard to directly experienced base rates is reviewed, and the emerging perception, that direct experience has a profound Bayesian effect on base-rate usage, is rejected.
Individual Gap Junction Plaques Contain Multiple Connexins in Arterial Endothelium
Authors: Hung-I Yeh, Stephen Rothery, Emmanuel Dupont, Steven R. Coppen, Nicholas J. Severs
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Gap-junctional intercellular communication in endothelial cells is implicated in the coordination of growth, migration, and vasomotor responses. Up to 3 connexin types, connexin40 (Cx40), Cx37, and Cx43 may be expressed in vascular endothelium according to vascular site, species, and physiological conditions. To establish how these connexins are organized at the level of the individual endothelial gap junction, we used affinity-purified connexin-specific antibodies raised in 3 different species to permit double and triple immunolabeling in combination with confocal and electron microscopy. Using HeLa cells transfected with Cx37 and Cx40 for characterization, the anti-Cx37 antibody (raised in rabbit) and the anti-Cx40 antibody (raised in guinea pig) were shown to recognize single bands of 37 and 40 kDa, respectively, on Western blots and to give prominent punctate labeling at the cell borders, specifically in the corresponding transfectant. By applying these antibodies together with mouse monoclonal anti-Cx43 for double and triple immunofluorescence labeling at confocal microscopy, rat aortic and pulmonary arterial endothelia were found to express all 3 connexin types, whereas coronary artery endothelium expressed Cx40 and Cx37 but lacked Cx43. High-resolution en face confocal viewing of the aortic endothelium after double labeling demonstrated frequent colocalization of connexins, with distinct variation in the expression pattern within a given cell, where it made contact with different neighbors. Triple immunogold labeling at the electron-microscopic level revealed that aortic endothelial gap junctions commonly contain all 3 connexin types. This represents the first definitive demonstration of any cell type in vivo expressing 3 different connexins organized within the same gap-junctional plaque.
Airway inflammation in symptomatic and asymptomatic children with methacholine hyperresponsiveness
Authors: I Pin, S Radford, R Kolendowicz, B Jennings, J A Denburg, F E Hargreave, J Dolovich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

A definition of asthma includes symptoms due to reversible airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Characteristically, there is also airway inflammation. In children with methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness but no asthma symptoms, we examined whether there were features of asthmatic airway inflammation. Forty one children, aged 11-16 yrs, were studied. Thirteen asymptomatic children with methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness (provocative concentration producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20) geometric mean of 3.35 (range 1.08-7.81) mg.ml-1) were compared with 13 currently symptomatic asthmatics with a similar PC20 of 1.91 (0.42-6.5) mg.ml-1 and 13 normal children with a normal PC20 of 52.4 (17.6 to > 64) mg.ml-1. Breathlessness experienced during a methacholine test was recognized to have occurred previously in 7 out of 13 asymptomatic children and all symptomatic children. Asymptomatic children had significantly more airway responses to hyperventilation with cold dry air (4 out of 13) than normal children (0 out of 13) but less than symptomatic children (11 out of 15). Sputum induced with hypertonic saline contained lower eosinophil counts in the asymptomatic children (median (interquartile range) 0.20 (0.59)%) than in the symptomatic children (1.70 (9.45)%), and not different from the normal children (0.15 (0.61)%). Budesonide, 400 micrograms b.i.d. improved respiratory symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and methacholine PC20 in symptomatic children, but this effect did not reach statistical significance in asymptomatic children. We conclude that symptomatic children are more likely to have evidence of asthmatic inflammation than asymptomatic children and this probably explains the symptom difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Toll-like receptor 7 single nucleotide polymorphism protects from advanced inflammation and fibrosis in male patients with chronic HCV-infection
Authors: Eckart Schott, Heiko Witt, Konrad Neumann, Stefan Taube, Djin-Ye Oh, Eckart Schreier, Sandra Vierich, Gero Puhl, Alexandra Bergk, Juliane Halangk, Viola Weich, Bertram Wiedenmann, Thomas Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Lymphocyte proliferative responses to human immunodeficiency virus antigens in vitro.
Authors: J F Krowka, D P Stites, S Jain, K S Steimer, C George-Nascimento, A Gyenes, P J Barr, H Hollander, A R Moss, J M Homsy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

All HIV seronegative (HIV Ab-) and most HIV seropositive (HIV Ab+) individuals' lymphocytes failed to proliferate in primary cultures in response to purified HIV or to recombinant envelope and core antigens of HIV, even in the presence of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Most HIV Ab- and HIV Ab+ individuals' lymphocytes, however, could proliferate or be induced by rIL-2 to proliferate in response to lysates of Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These findings indicate selective defects in lymphocyte proliferative responses to HIV antigens before the development of AIDS in which lymphocytes are unable to proliferate in response to any antigens. These defects in cell-mediated immune responses to HIV antigens are likely to play an important role in the pathobiology of HIV infections. Although intact HIV or glycosylated gp120 envelope protein of HIV are involved in these defects, a non-glycosylated recombinant form of the HIV gp120 envelope (ENV2-3) and p25 core proteins did not inhibit antigen- or mitogen-driven lymphocyte proliferation.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gerald L. Andriole, William J. Catalona
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1991)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among American men and is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Over the past few years, significant advances (e.g. improved prostatic ultrasonography and the discovery of serum prostate-specific antigen) have made it possible to detect prostate cancer at an early stage. In addition, refinements in the treatment both of localized disease (by nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy) and of advanced disease (by novel forms of hormonal therapy) have improved the outlook and quality of life for men with prostate cancer.
Pattern of Rash, Diarrhea, and Hepatic Toxicities Secondary to Lapatinib and Their Association With Age and Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy: Analysis From the NeoALTTO Trial
Authors: Hatem A. Azim, Dominique Agbor-tarh, Ian Bradbury, Phuong Dinh, Jose Baselga, Serena Di Cosimo, James G. Greger, Ian Smith, Christian Jackisch, Sung-Bae Kim, Bahriye Aktas, Chiun-Sheng Huang, Peter Vuylsteke, Ruey Kuen Hsieh, Lydia Dreosti, Holger Eidtmann, Martine Piccart, Evandro de Azambuja
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

We investigated the pattern of rash, diarrhea, and hepatic adverse events (AEs) secondary to lapatinib and their association with age and pathologic complete response (pCR) in the Neoadjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimisation (NeoALLTO) phase III trial.Patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive lapatinib (Arm A), trastuzumab (Arm B), or their combination (Arm C) for 6 weeks followed by the addition of paclitaxel for 12 weeks before surgery. We investigated the frequency and time to developing each AE according to age (≤ 50 v > 50 years) and their association with pCR in a logistic regression model adjusted for age, hormone receptors, tumor size, nodal status, planned breast surgery, completion of lapatinib administration, and treatment arm.Only patients randomly assigned to arms A and C were eligible (n = 306). Younger patients (≤ 50 years) experienced significantly more rash compared with older patients (74.4% v 47.9%; P < .0001). Diarrhea and hepatic AEs were observed in 78.8% and 41.2% of patients, respectively, with no differences in rate or severity or time of onset according to age. Early rash (ie, before starting paclitaxel) was independently associated with a higher chance of pCR, mainly in patients older than 50 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.76; 95% CI, 1.69 to 8.34) but not in those ≤ 50 years (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.88; P for interaction = .01). No significant association was observed between pCR and diarrhea or hepatic AEs.Our results indicate that the frequency and clinical relevance of lapatinib-related rash is largely dependent on patient age.
Noninvasive Type 2 Diabetes Screening
Authors: John D. Maynard, Mark Rohrscheib, Jeffrey F. Way, Catriona M. Nguyen, Marwood N. Ediger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

This study compared the performance of a novel noninvasive technology to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and A1C tests for detecting undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance.The design was a head-to-head evaluation in a naïve population. Consented subjects received FPG and A1C tests and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Subjects were also measured by a noninvasive device that detects the fluorescence of skin advanced glycation end products. A total of 351 subjects participated.Subjects with 2-h OGTT values > or = 140 mg/dl defined the positive screening class. A total of 84 subjects (23.9% prevalence) screened positive. The performances of the noninvasive device, FPG, and A1C were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity against this classification. At the impaired fasting glucose threshold (FPG = 100 mg/dl), the FPG testing sensitivity was 58% and the specificity was 77.4%. At that same specificity, the sensitivity for A1C testing was 63.8%, while the noninvasive testing sensitivity was 74.7%. The sensitivity advantage of the noninvasive device over both blood tests for detecting diabetes and precursors was statistically significant (P < 0.05).The noninvasive technology showed clinical performance advantages over both FPG and A1C testing. The sensitivity differential indicated that the noninvasive device is capable of identifying 28.8% more individuals in the OGTT-defined positive screening class than FPG testing and 17.1% more than A1C testing. The combination of higher sensitivity and greater convenience--rapid results with no fasting or blood draws--makes the device well suited for opportunistic screening.
Range of genetic mutations associated with severe non-syndromic sporadic intellectual disability: an exome sequencing study
Authors: Anita Rauch, Dagmar Wieczorek, Elisabeth Graf, Thomas Wieland, Sabine Endele, Thomas Schwarzmayr, Beate Albrecht, Deborah Bartholdi, Jasmin Beygo, Nataliya Di Donato, Andreas Dufke, Kirsten Cremer, Maja Hempel, Denise Horn, Juliane Hoyer, Pascal Joset, Albrecht Röpke, Ute Moog, Angelika Riess, Christian T Thiel, Andreas Tzschach, Antje Wiesener, Eva Wohlleber, Christiane Zweier, Arif B Ekici, Alexander M Zink, Andreas Rump, Christa Meisinger, Harald Grallert, Heinrich Sticht, Annette Schenck, Hartmut Engels, Gudrun Rappold, Evelin Schröck, Peter Wieacker, Olaf Riess, Thomas Meitinger, André Reis, Tim M Strom
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Abnormal sodium transport in synaptosomes from brain of uremic rats.
Authors: C L Fraser, P Sarnacki, A I Arieff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The causes of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction in uremia are not well known and are not completely reversed by dialysis. This problem was investigated in synaptosomes, which are membrane vesicles from synaptic junctions in the brain. We measured Na uptake under conditions of control, veratridine stimulation, and tetrodotoxin inhibition, in synaptosomes from normal and acutely uremic (blood urea nitrogen, 250 mg/dl) rats. In the control state, maximal Na uptake was 2.2 +/- 0.2 and 1.9 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg of protein in normal and uremic synaptosomes, respectively. With veratridine stimulation, Na uptake was increased by 1.9 and 3.6 nmol/mg of protein in normal vs. uremic rats (P less than 0.001). The increased veratridine-stimulated Na uptake observed in uremia could be due either to increased membrane permeability to Na or decrease in the Na-K ATPase pump activity. To investigate this, we studied the Na-K ATPase pump function by evaluating uptake of K (using rubidium as a tracer), uptake of Na during ATP stimulation, and inhibition of Rb and Na uptake by ouabain. In uremic rats both Rb uptake and ATP-stimulated Na uptake were significantly less than in normals (P less than 0.005). This suggests a defect in the Na-K ATPase pump. Membrane permeability for Na was then evaluated both by measuring initial Na uptake, and with addition of valinomycin. No change in Na uptake pattern was observed with valinomycin, and initial Na uptake was not significantly different in normal versus uremic synaptosomes. These data show that (a) in uremic rats veratridine-stimulated Na accumulation is significantly greater than normal; (b) the increased Na accumulation observed in uremia appears to be due to alterations in Na-K ATPase pump activity; and (c) the altered Na accumulation observed is probably not due to a uremic environment, but may be secondary to a physiologic alteration in synaptosomal function due to the uremic state. These abnormalities may affect neurotransmission and may be associated with the CNS alterations observed in uremia.
Pleiotropic Action of Short-Term Metformin and Fenofibrate Treatment, Combined With Lifestyle Intervention, in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Mixed Dyslipidemia
Authors: Maciej Pruski, Robert Krysiak, Boguslaw Okopien
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of short-term metformin and fenofibrate treatment, administered alone or in sequence, on glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular risk factors, and monocyte cytokine release in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 128 type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia complying throughout the study with lifestyle intervention who were randomized twice, initially to either metformin or placebo, and then to micronized fenofibrate or placebo. RESULTS Fenofibrate alleviated diabetic dyslipidemia–induced changes in plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and in monocyte cytokine release, whereas metformin or lifestyle intervention improved mainly glucose and lipid metabolism. The strongest pleiotropic effect was observed when fenofibrate was added to metformin. CONCLUSIONS Fenofibrate, particularly administered together with metformin, is superior to metformin and lifestyle intervention in exhibiting beneficial effects on systemic inflammation, hemostasis, and monocyte secretory function in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia.
Evolution of Synapse Complexity and Diversity
Authors: Richard D. Emes, Seth G.N. Grant
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2012)

Proteomic studies of the composition of mammalian synapses have revealed a high degree of complexity. The postsynaptic and presynaptic terminals are molecular systems with highly organized protein networks producing emergent physiological and behavioral properties. The major classes of synapse proteins and their respective functions in intercellular communication and adaptive responses evolved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes prior to the origins of neurons in metazoa. In eukaryotes, the organization of individual proteins into multiprotein complexes comprising scaffold proteins, receptors, and signaling enzymes formed the precursor to the core adaptive machinery of the metazoan postsynaptic terminal. Multiplicative increases in the complexity of this protosynapse machinery secondary to genome duplications drove synaptic, neuronal, and behavioral novelty in vertebrates. Natural selection has constrained diversification in mammalian postsynaptic mechanisms and the repertoire of adaptive and innate behaviors. The evolution and organization of synapse proteomes underlie the origins and complexity of nervous systems and behavior.
HLA-B27 positive patients differ from HLA-B27 negative patients in clinical presentation and imaging: results from the DESIR cohort of patients with recent onset axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: H. Y. Chung, P. Machado, D. van der Heijde, M.-A. D'Agostino, M. Dougados
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To clarify the influence of human leucocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) status on the phenotype of early axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). <h3>Methods</h3> 708 patients with inflammatory back pain (IBP) defined by Calin or Berlin criteria were recruited; 654 fulfilled at least one of the SpA criteria (modified New York, European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group, Amor or Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial SpA) and were included in the analyses. Clinical, demographic and imaging parameters were compared between HLA-B27 positive and negative groups. Significant parameters in univariate differences between HLA-B27 positive and negative groups were retested in multivariate models explaining various outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> Patients had a short duration of axial symptoms (mean 1.5 years) and HLA-B27 was present in 61.5%. In multivariate analysis, HLA-B27 positivity was associated with a younger age at onset of IBP (regression coefficient (B)=(−2.60), p&lt;0.001), less delay in diagnosis (B=(−1.02), p=0.01), lower frequency of psoriasis (OR 0.59, p=0.01) and higher frequency of MRI inflammation of the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) (OR 2.13, p&lt;0.001), MRI inflammation of the spine (OR 1.59, p=0.04) and radiographic sacroiliitis (OR 1.56, p=0.03). MRI inflammation of the SIJ was shown to be an intermediate variable between HLA-B27 positivity and radiographic sacroiliitis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In early axial SpA, HLA-B27 is associated with earlier onset of IBP, less delay in diagnosis, axial inflammation (spine and SIJ), radiographic damage of the SIJ, decreased disease activity and lower frequency of psoriasis. It is not associated with physical function and MRI structural lesions of the SIJ.
Association of Abc Polymorphism with Antiemetic Efficacy in Cancer Patients Treated with Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy
Authors: Daiki Tsuji, Yong-Il Kim, Takashi Daimon, Ryo Makuta, Chiho Homma, Hidenori Nakamichi, Keisuke Yamamoto, Hideki Hayashi, Kazuyuki Inoue, Kunihiko Itoh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Pulmonary hypertension in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: M. Exline, C. Magro, T. Lin, N. Sood
Journal: Thorax (2007)

We wish to share our experience in an unusual case presentation of pulmonary hypertension. A 48-year-old Caucasian female with a history of hypothyroidism and smoking presented with progressive dyspnoea on exertion for 3 years, markedly worse during the past 6 months. She also had arthralgias, Raynaud’s phenomena, night sweats and a 25-pound weight loss over 6 months. Chest computed tomography scan showed diffuse mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy showed non-necrotising epithelioid granulomas compatible with sarcoidosis. Symptoms worsened despite treatment with prednisone.

Pulmonary function tests showed mild restrictive disease, reduced diffusion capacity and desaturation during a 6-min walk. Echocardiogram showed a severely dilated and hypokinetic right ventricle. Right heart catheterisation showed pulmonary artery pressure 79/38 mm Hg (mean 46 mm Hg), cardiac output 6.7 …