tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis
Authors: J. A Spencer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The decision to actively treat should rarely be made quickly.When patients are provided with information about the waxing and waning of the clinical course of symptoms and the advantages and risks of the full range of treatment options, they are likely to choose differently than if just offered prescriptions.Reassurance and watchful waiting can help many patients.However, a recent study found that typical patterns of reassurance, which aim at allaying fears and anxieties by minimising complaints, were not inter› preted as reassuring.Reassurance was successful only when patients felt that their symptoms and difficulties had been accepted and acknowledged. 9Watchful wait› ing may be carried out in general practice by having patients visit their practitioners once or twice a year to report changes in symptoms, preferably by using symptom scores in addition to the patient's history.
Impact of hepatitis C virus infection on clinical features, quality of life and survival of patients with lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma/immunocytoma
Authors: F. Silvestri, G. Barillari, R. Fanin, F. Salmaso, C. Pipan, E. Falasca, F. Puglisi, L. Mariuzzi, F. Zaja, L. Infanti, F. Patriarca, A. Candoni, A. Rogato, C. Di Loreto, G.A. Botta, M. Baccarani
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)
Prostanoids, coronary circulation and coronary artery spasm in open chest dogs and miniature pigs.
Authors: Kensuke Egashira, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Hitonobu Tomoike, Motoomi Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Effects of prostanoids on coronary circulation were studied in anesthetized open chest dogs with intact coronary arteries or in closed chest Gottingen miniature pigs with denuded vessels. In the latter model, coronary artery spasm was repeatedly provoked at the previously denuded area by histamine i.c. after pretreatment with cimetidine i.v., H2-blocker. In the canine model, prostacyclin (PGI2) dilated to a greater extent the diameter of the large epicardial coronary artery than did PGE2, and both equally reduced the total coronary resistance. Vasoconstrictive effects of carbocyclic thromboxane A2, a stable analogue of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) on the epicardial coronary artery was augmented from 1.1 +/- 0.3 to 6.5 +/- 1.3% (p less than 0.01) after pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors. In case of Gottingen miniature pigs 3 months after endothelial denudation and cholesterol freeding, neither PGI2 nor indomethacin prevented histamine-induced coronary artery spasm. Thiothromboxane A2, a stable analogue of TxA2, did not provoke coronary artery spasm in the animals. Therefore, prostanoids may not be crucial to the provocation or prevention of coronary artery spasm from which myocardial ischemia ensues.
Phase II trial of irinotecan and cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy in limited-disease small cell lung cancer
Authors: J. Sohn, Y. W. Moon, C. G. Lee, G. E. Kim, K. Y. Chung, J. Chang, S. K. Kim, Y. S. Kim, C. Kim, B. W. Choi, J. H. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7167 Purpose: We performed a phase II trial of irinotecan and cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy in limited-disease small cell lung cancer (LDSCLC) to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of this protocol. Methods: Chemotherapy of irinotecan (60mg/m2, days 1, 8 and 15) and cisplatin (40mg/m2, days 1 and 8) were repeated every 4 weeks until maximum 6 cycles. Radiotherapy of 2Gy/day was commenced on day 1 of second chemotherapy cycle upto a total of 54Gy. Prophylactic cranial irradiation was performed in the patients who achieved complete response (CR) after completion of chemotherapy. Results: 22 patients were enrolled from December 2002 to June 2004. The median follow-up duration was 10.5 months. Median age was 63 years and the ratio of male: female was 19:3. ECOG performance status was 1 in 19 and 2 in 3 patients. Evaluation of response and toxicity was done in all the patients. Response rate was 81.8% (18 patients) with CR rate of 59.1% (13 patients) under the intent-to-treat analysis. Median cycles of chemotherapy administered was 6 (range, 1∼6). Relative dose intensity of irinotecan and cisplatin were 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. The median progression-free and overall survival durations were not reached. One-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 66.4% and 80.1%, respectively. The dominating toxicity was neutropenia with a grade 3/4 of 34.7% (34/98 cycles). Grade 3/4 nonhematological toxicities were anorexia (22.7%, 5/22 patients), diarrhea (18.1%, 4/22), nauesa (18.1%, 4/22), esophagitis (18.1%, 4/22), and hyperbilirubinemia (4.5%, 1/22). There was one treatment-related death because of sepsis. Conclusion: Irinotecan and cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy was effective and tolerable in limited-disease small cell lung cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Referral patterns for adjuvant therapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: F. Kassam, M. R. Johnston, R. Feld, F. Shepherd, G. Darling, S. Keshavjee, A. F. Pierre, T. K. Waddell, J. K. Hornby, N. Leighl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7217 Background Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in North America. Despite potentially curative resection, NSCLC patients remain at high risk of relapse and death, with a five-year survival less than 60%. Several randomized trials now confirm the survival benefit of adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy seen in the NSCLC Collaborative Group meta-analysis, including the IALT, NCIC BR 10 and CALGB 9633, with absolute improvements in 4 & 5-year survival of 4 to15%. This study examines whether referral patterns for adjuvant therapy have changed with these confirmatory trials. Methods Retrospective chart review undertaken at a single cancer center, identifying patients with completely resected stage I-IIIA NSCLC from May 2003 to Nov 2004 through an institutional Cancer Registry. Patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy excluded. Results 160 patients identified (44 IA, 60 IB, 7 IIA, 35 IIB, 14 IIIA). Institutional policy prior to May 2003 was not to administer adjuvant therapy outside a clinical trial. After presentation of the IALT trial, 31% (36/115) of patients with completely resected NSCLC from May 2003 to May 2004 were referred for adjuvant chemotherapy. After the presentation of BR 10 & CALGB 9633 at ASCO 2004, from June to Nov 2004, 59% (23/39) were referred. Reasons for not referring to medical oncology included: stage IA disease, surgeon felt adjuvant therapy inappropriate, patient declined, comorbidities, post-operative complications, advanced age & other. Of 59 patients referred to medical oncology, 21 (35%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Reasons for not prescribing adjuvant chemotherapy included: patient wish (18), comorbidities, stage 1A, advanced age & other. Vinorelbine/cisplatin was the regimen most commonly used (76%). Conclusions The presentation of positive adjuvant therapy trials in NSCLC has changed clinical practice substantially, doubling the number of stage I-IIIA NSCLC patients referred for adjuvant chemotherapy since May 2004 (31% vs. 59%). Stage IA patients are not routinely referred and 30% of patients decline chemotherapy even when recommended by a medical oncologist. More patient education and decision support is required to increase uptake of adjuvant therapy in early stage NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 1714: Does Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Prevent Stent Thrombosis After Implantation of Drug-Eluting Stents?
Authors: Probal Roy, Ashesh N Buch, Aamir Javaid, Teruo Okabe, Tina L Pinto Slottow, Daniel H Steinberg, Kimberly Smith, Zhenyi Xue, Lowell F Satler, Kenneth M Kent, William O Suddath, Augusto D Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Stent thrombosis (ST) can be caused by under-deployment and malapposition of the stent to the vessel wall. Routine use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance during percutaneous co...
Immunomodulating Activities Associated With the Cytosol Fraction of a 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Rat Fibrosarcoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M P San Marco, G J Pommier, M C Chabrol, D H Adda, R C Depieds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Cytosol fraction(s) from McFiFi2(s) fibrosarcoma cells (Fcc), isolated from either cultured cells or solid tumors induced in F344 rats, produced a dose-related inhibition of lymphoproliferative responses to several mitogens, whatever the lymphoid organ or the animal species used as the source of lymphocytes. Only stimulated human lymphocytes were not Fcc inhibited; instead, Fcc was a potent stimulator of their spontaneous proliferation. Fcc cytostatic activity was not effective in various cycling cell lines and was restricted to mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Fcc, a primary tumor product, did not induce suppressive cells and was unable to prevent mitogen cell surface binding. However, expression of its modulating effect was accelerated by the simultaneous presence of the mitogen. Moreover, Fcc produced its suppression by interrupting lymphocyte activation at some point within the G0-G1-phase transition. Molecular sieving showed that Fcc contains at least two factors with suppressive (mol wt, approximately 3,000) and stimulatory (mol wt, greater than 5,000) activities, respectively.
Control of autoimmune arthritis by herbal extracts and their bioactive components
Authors: Shivaprasad H. Venkatesha, Brian Astry, Siddaraju M. Nanjundaiah, Hong R. Kim, Rajesh Rajaiah, Yinghua Yang, Li Tong, Hua Yu, Brian M. Berman, Kamal D. Moudgil
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2016)

Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cause significant morbidity and loss of productivity. Many potent conventionally used drugs are available for these diseases, but their prolonged use is accompanied by severe adverse effects besides a high cost. Therefore, there is an unmet need for effective but less expensive medications for RA and other autoimmune diseases. Natural plant products belonging to the traditional systems of medicine, such as the traditional Chinese medicine and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, offer a vast and promising resource in this regard. However, herbal medicinal products are often poorly characterized for their composition as well as mechanisms of action. We review here the results of our systematically performed studies aimed at defining the anti-arthritic activity of three herbal extracts, namely, modified Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan (HLXL), Celastrus aculeatus Merr., and polyphenolic fraction of green tea (Camellia sinensis), as well as a purified compound Celastrol, a bioactive component of Celastrus. Specifically, we examined the effects of these herbal products on the immunological, biochemical and molecular biological effector pathways in autoimmune arthritis. We have also reviewed here related studies on these herbal products by other investigators. Taken together, we suggest further testing of these herbal products in RA patients.
Prospective phase II study of neo-adjuvant doxorubicin followed by cisplatin /docetaxel in locally advanced breast cancer—5 years of follow up
Authors: D. S. Ajarim, M. Rahal, A. Al-Sayed, M. Alshabana, A. Tulbah, O. AlMalik, G. El-Husseiny, A. Ezzat, T. Al-Tweigeri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

10574 Background: Neoadjuvant (primary) chemotherapy as part of multimodality treatment is increasingly used as standard of care for patients (pts) with locally advanced breast cancer and firmly established. We conducted a prospective study using doxorubicin 75 mg/m 2 q 3 weeks × 3 cycles followed sequentially by docetaxel 75 mg /m 2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 q 3 weeks × 3cycles. All pts had definitive surgery followed by radiation therapy, ± tamoxifen. Primary end points were pathologic complete response (pCR), secondary endpoints were, safety, rate of conservative surgery and overall survival. Material: Eligible pts included biopsy proven invasive breast cancer, T2-T4 (primary = 4–10 cm) N0-N2, M0. 59 of 60 enrolled pts completed treatment one patient refused surgery after the completion of 6 cycles of chemotherapy were excluded from the analysis, median age:41yrs (24- 60), Premenopausal: 68%, median tumor size: 6.0cm (4 - 10), Stage IIB:32% and IIIA / IIIB: 68%, both ER / PR positive: 53%, Her2/neu (3+) by IHC staining and /or Fish positive: 29%. All patients had negative metastatic workup. Results: 59 pts are evaluable for analysis: clinical complete response was seen in: 44%, clinical partial response in: 56 %. Breast conserving surgery was performed in: 44 %, and MRM in: 56%. Pathological complete response (pCR) in the breast was: 31 %, in axilla were: 37 %. Grade3–4 Toxicities: Febrile Neutropenia: (13%), Nausea vomiting: (12%), Mucositis: (10%), weakness/asthenia/weight loss: 12%. Overall at follow up of 60 months the DFS &amp; OS (67% and 74%).Patients who achieved complete pathologic response in breast and/or axilla the DFS and OS were (91%), 13 patients relapsed 46% were Her2 positive. Conclusion: Sequential combination of doxorubicin followed by docetaxel/cisplatin is a safe, feasible and active combination, that offer the possibility of conservative surgery and associated with high clinical and pathologic response, further investigation of this combinations are warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase 1/2 study of STA-4783, a novel heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) inducer, in combination with paclitaxel in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS)
Authors: M. L. Sherman, C. Ryan, M. Blackstein, D. Mendelson, S. Agarwala, W. Dooley, T. Dahl, G. D. Demitri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9069 Background: STA-4783, a novel inducer of hsp70 is a bis-thiobenzoylhydrazide compound. STA-4783 leads to up regulation of hsp70 in tumor cell lines. Xenograft modeling with various solid tumor cell lines such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and lymphoma demonstrate dramatic antitumor activity in combination with paclitaxel. Mechanistic studies suggest that the paclitaxel enhancement is immune-mediated. The combination of STA-4783 and paclitaxel coadministered i.v. over 3 h every 3 weeks has been studied in a Phase 1. Doses ranged from (STA-4783/paclitaxel, mg/m2) 44/135 to 525/175. Based on suggestions of activity in patients with STS in the Phase 1 study, and evidence of dose-dependent hsp70 induction, we have conducted a 2-stage Phase 2 study in patients with STS. Methods: The study is a 2-stage design, enrolling 30 patients in the first stage and adding 50 patients to a total of 80 in the second stage if continuation criteria are met. Major inclusion criteria are refractory or recurrent STS, other than GIST, with evidence of recent progression. Patients are treated weekly x 3 of each 4 week cycle with 213 mg/m2 STA-4783 and 80 mg/m2 paclitaxel. The study will continue to Stage 2 if 7 or more patients have a response of stable disease or better, or at least 2 patients have a partial response or better. A safety assessment was performed with the first 6 patients enrolled, as the weekly dose schedule had not previously been studied in humans. The primary endpoint is non-progression rate (NPR) at 3 months and response rate. Pharmacodynamic parameters include pre- and post-dose NK cell activity in blood and, when possible, tumor biopsies. Results: 30 patients have been enrolled to complete accrual of Stage 1. Patients are currently being evaluated through the 3 month timepoint. Adverse events seen were typical for paclitaxel administration on a similar schedule. Assessment of NK activity is ongoing. Conclusions: The addition of STA-4783 to the weekly paclitaxel schedule was well-tolerated. Stage 1 accrual has completed, and patients are currently being evaluated for the study continuation decision. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Synta Synta Synta Synta
Abstract 13288: Doxorubicin Induces Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting Autophagic Flux in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Dan L Li, Wei Tan, Min Xie, Nan Jiang, Thomas G Gillette, Joseph A Hill
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Doxorubicin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent widely used in oncological practice is notorious for its cardiotoxic side effects. However, mechanisms underlying doxorubicin-induced card...
Regional differences in endometrial cancer treatment and outcomes: A provincial study
Authors: J. Kwon, G. Liu, K. Peterson, M. Stewart, R. Davis, E. F. Cook
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5095 Background: The optimal treatment strategy for endometrial cancer is controversial, and there is lack of treatment standardization across the province of Ontario. The objective of this study is to compare endometrial cancer treatment and outcomes among five centres in Ontario, Canada. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer in Ontario between 1996 and 1998. Approximately 30–50 patient charts were randomly selected by medical records at each of five health care centres in Ontario. Study outcomes included overall and disease-free survival, rates of adjuvant radiotherapy, complications of treatment, and predictive factors for survival. Results: There were 195 women in this cohort. The two different treatment strategies were total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH BSO) and surgical staging (TAH BSO and pelvic lymph node dissection). There was a wide range of staging practices across the province; none of the patients in Kingston had surgical staging in contrast to 88.1% of patients in Ottawa. Crude survival analysis revealed no difference in five year overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) between surgical staging and TAH BSO. However, stratified analysis revealed a significant difference in OS among centers (log-rank p=0.039). Cox proportional hazards model identified advanced stage disease (Stage IIIA and IIIC) as predictive for DFS, and Grade 1 and age as most predictive of OS. Among Stage I patients there was no difference in 5-year DFS or OS when stratified by treatment. Conclusions: In this preliminary study, there was a significant difference in endometrial cancer outcomes among the five centres in Ontario. This information serves as a validation dataset for the Ontario cancer registry for all cases of endometrial cancer between 1996–1998. The final study will be comprised of over 2000 patients which will have sufficient power to determine if regional variation in outcomes truly exists. These results should lead to standardization of treatment and formalization of provincial policy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Junior Scientist Award in Gynecologic Cancer Research (sponsored jointly by the Mitchell Family Fund, National Ovarian Cancer Association and Cancer Care Ontario)
Cluster analysis profiles of suicide attempters
Authors: A Kiev
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The author reports the results of a three-stage cluster analysis of data on 298 patients who attempted suicide. Patients were allocated by the analysis to seven identifiable profile types that correlated with six outcome variables. These profiles include data on the social setting and the seriousness of the attempt and judgments about overall functioning and interpersonal conflict as well as the input of the patients' significant others. The author states that these profiles have prognostic significance as well as implications for the treatment of suicide attempters and the education of emotionally involved significant others.
Education About Adult Domestic Violence in U.S. and Canadian Medical Schools, 1987-88
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A study was conducted to determine the current curriculum content on adult domestic violence (ADV) in 143 accredited US and Canadian medical schools.  The survey carried out by the New Jersey Medical School Domestic Violence Prevention Project Survey mailed the survey materials to curriculum contact persons identified by the Association of American Medical Colleges.  About 116 schools responded to the survey.  Of those 116 schools 61 (53%) denote that their students did not receive any instruction on ADV; 49 (42%) reported that their students receive such instruction as part of at least one required course; and 6 (5%) received instruction as an elective curriculum. Overall 77 courses that included at least one session of instruction about ADV were identified. Because some of these courses devoted more than one session to such instruction a total of 85 sessions of instruction addressing to ADV were identified.  Of all sessions addressing ADV 68% were offered during 2 years of medical school; 63% were taught in the department of psychiatry; 7% in family practice; 7% in geriatrics; 7% in internal medicine; and the remaining 16% in other departments.  The format of instruction varied widely sometimes including use of films or direct contact with domestic violence victims to supplement lectures and discussions.
Triplet combination chemotherapy of cisplatin (P), gemcitabine (G) and vinorelbine (V) with lower doses maintains a sufficient effect while avoiding toxicity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients
Authors: Y. Ichinose, K. Itoh, F. Imamura, J. Araki, M. Matsumoto, H. Yamamoto, T. Miura, I. Yoshino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7129 Background: Although triplet combination chemotherapy using P, G and V has been reported to allow patients (pts) to obtain a superior survival to doublet combination chemotherapy, a recent randomized phase III trial with an adequate sample size failed to confirm the prior result. One of the reasons for this result was considered to be due to the high toxicity of the triplet regimen. The aim of this trial was thus to assess the effect and toxicity of PGV-chemotherapy performed at only 80% of the previously reported doses in NSCLC pts. Methods: Chemonaive NSCLC stage III or IV pts with performance status 0/1 received a treatment regimen consisting of P 40mg/m2, G 800mg/m2 and V 20mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks for 4 to 6 cycles. Results: Eighty pts were enrolled into this phase II trial. Sixty-four pts were reviewed extramurally and analyzed. They included pts with a median age of 61 years, 13 stage III/51 stage IV, 41 males/23 females and 55 adenocarcinomas/5 squamous cell carcinomas/4 others. The median number of cycles was 4. A partial response was obtained in 36 pts with an overall response rate of 56% (95% CI:44–68%). The median survival time was not reached and the 1-year survival rate was 80%. The predominant toxicity was hematologic: grade 3/4 neutropenia in 27/27 (84%) and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in 27/1 (44%) pts. The frequency of grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicity was low (<5%). Forty pts (63%) completed more than 4 cycles . The median dose intensity (mg/m2/wk: %planned) was P (34:84%), G (652:82%) and V (16:82%). Conclusions: The triplet chemotherapy administered at a lower dose demonstrated a sufficiently effective activity with acceptable toxicity. Whether or not further investigations of this regimen are called for depends on the final results of this phase II trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.