tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Infant Characteristics Associated With Perinatal Arterial Stroke in the Infant
Authors: Janet Lee
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAS) is a common cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Risk factors for this condition have not been clearly defined.To determine maternal and infant characteristics associated with PAS.Case-control study nested within the cohort of all 199,176 infants born from 1997 through 2002 in the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, a managed care organization providing care for more than 3 million residents of northern California. Case patients were confirmed by review of brain imaging and medical records (n = 40). Three controls per case were randomly selected from the study population.Association of maternal and infant complications with risk of PAS.The population prevalence of PAS was 20 per 100,000 live births. The majority (85%) of infants with PAS were delivered at term. The following prepartum and intrapartum factors were more common among case than control infants: primiparity (73% vs 44%, P = .002), fetal heart rate abnormality (46% vs 14%, P<.001), emergency cesarean delivery (35% vs 13%, P = .002), chorioamnionitis (27% vs 11%, P = .03), prolonged rupture of membranes (26% vs 7%, P = .002), prolonged second stage of labor (25% vs 4%, P<.001), vacuum extraction (24% vs 11%, P = .04), cord abnormality (22% vs 6%, P = .01), preeclampsia (19% vs 5%, P = .01), and oligohydramnios (14% vs 3%, P = .01). Risk factors independently associated with PAS on multivariate analysis were history of infertility (odds ratio [OR], 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-45.0), preeclampsia (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.3-22.0), prolonged rupture of membranes (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.1-12.8), and chorioamnionitis (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.1-10.5). The rate of PAS increased dramatically when multiple risk factors were present.Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke in infants is associated with several independent maternal risk factors. How these complications, along with their potential effects on the placenta and fetus, may play a role in causing perinatal stroke deserves further study.
Genetic control of hepatitis A severity and susceptibility to allergy
Authors: Lucienne Chatenoud, Jean-François Bach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) usually results in asymptomatic infection or mild disease, but in a small subset of patients it can lead to severe disease and even liver failure. In this issue of the JCI, Kim et al. identify a polymorphism associated with this increased disease risk in the gene that encodes the HAV receptor--TIM1. Importantly, this TIM1 gene polymorphism protects from the development of atopic diseases in HAV-seropositive individuals.
Immunoproteasome subunit LMP2 expression is deregulated in Sjogren's syndrome but not in other autoimmune disorders
Authors: S Krause
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Background:</b> The proteasome system has a pivotal role in the control of the immune response, which suggests that it might be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the expression profile of selected proteasomal genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with a variety of autoimmune diseases compared with healthy subjects. <b>Methods:</b> Real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyse the mRNA expression pattern of the proteasome activator subunits PA28α and PA28β and of constitutive proteasome and interferon-γ-inducible immunoproteasome subunits in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Simultaneously, protein expression of selected proteasome subunits was quantified by immunoblotting. <b>Results:</b> Under systemic inflammatory conditions the proteasome subunits LMP2 (β1i), LMP7 (β5i), MECL1 (β2i), and PA28α were expressed abundantly at the protein level in the vast majority of systemic autoimmune disorders. However, simultaneous mRNA and protein quantification showed a characteristic proteasome expression signature in primary Sjögren's syndrome. At the transcript level, the interferon-γ-responsive subunits LMP2 (β1i), MECL1 (β2i), and the proteasome activator subunit PA28α were markedly up regulated. In contrast, LMP2 (β1i) deficiency was evident at the protein level, indicating deregulation of proteasome expression in Sjögren's syndrome. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data provide evidence for a regulatory defect in the proteasome system in human autoimmune disorders, pointing to a unique role for LMP2 (β1i) in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome.
A new synthetic opiate?
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Karl Marx described it as the opium of the masses, the belief that if you behaved yourself, better times would lie ahead in the next life. It fulfilled all sorts of useful functions: it gave lives of hopelessness and squalor some meaning, it soothed our existentialist fears, it filled the coffers of the prevailing religions, and it kept the peasants nicely docile and the autocrats accordingly happy.

We've moved on since then, of course, to an age of healthy scepticism in which we can confront our dread of non-being, look death square in the face, and spit right in his eye. …
Health Care Utilization by Older Patients With Coexisting Dementia and Depression
Authors: H C Kales, F C Blow, L A Copeland, R C Bingham, E E Kammerer, A M Mellow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Few studies have examined the course of coexisting dementia and depression. The purpose of this study was to compare elderly patients who had coexisting dementia and depression with elderly patients who had either disorder alone in terms of their utilization of inpatient and outpatient services.The study group included 7,115 veterans aged 60 years or older who had been discharged from Department of Veterans Affairs inpatient units in 1992 with diagnoses of major depression, dementia, or both. Outcome measures were analyzed for a 2-year period following the index hospitalization for each diagnostic study group.Patients with coexisting dementia and depression had significantly more psychiatric inpatient days than the other two study groups and more medical inpatient days and nursing home readmissions than patients with depression alone. Patients with coexisting dementia and depression had significantly more total inpatient days than the other two groups. Notably, patients with coexisting dementia and depression did not utilize more outpatient resources than the other study groups; in fact, they had significantly fewer medical, psychiatric, and total visits than patients with depression alone.The findings suggest that patients with coexisting dementia and depression are high utilizers of inpatient services, with a course of illness that may resemble dementia in terms of nursing home and inpatient medical care utilization and depression in terms of inpatient psychiatric care utilization; however, these patients utilized significantly fewer outpatient resources than the group with depression alone. Aggressive outpatient treatment approaches might reduce utilization of inpatient care for patients with coexisting depression and dementia.
Hedgehog Morphogen in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Maarten F. Bijlsma, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, C. Arnold Spek
Journal: Circulation (2006)

In this review, we focus on the basic biology of the important developmental Hedgehog (Hh) protein family, its general function in development, pathway mechanisms, and gene discovery and nomenclature. Hh function in cardiovascular development and recent findings concerning Hh signaling in ischemia models are discussed in more detail, and future perspectives are proposed. In light of the recent discovery of Hh transport by insect lipophorin, we also hypothesize a role for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in mammalian Hh transport, creating a surprising role for LDL in cardiovascular disease.
Peripheral blood cytokine responses and disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
Authors: L. Bont, C.J. Heijnen, A. Kavelaars, W.M.c van Aalderen, F Brus, J.tH.m Draaisma, S.M. Geelen, H.J. van Vught, J.L.L. Kimpen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The role of cellular immunity in disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is largely unknown. This study investigated the association between disease severity and systemic cytokine responses in hospitalized ventilated and nonventilated RSV bronchiolitis patients. In whole blood cultures stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), lymphoproliferative responses and interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 production during acute illness were measured. In addition, plasma cytokines were measured. Measurements were repeated in the convalescent phase, 3-4 weeks after admission. Fifty patients were included. The median age in ventilaled patients was significantly lower than in nonventilated patients (1 versus 4 months, p&lt;0.05). In comparison with nonventilated patients, the ventilated patients had significantly lower lymphoproliferative responses and a lower production of IFN-gamma and IL-4. In fact, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in ventilated patients was almost completely undetectable. Plasma IL-8 levels in ventilated patients were significantly higher than in nonventilated patients. In the convalescent phase, lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses as well as plasma IL-8 levels were normal in both patient groups. Since RSV bronchiolitis is associated with the subsequent development of asthma, the possible skewing of the T-helper (Th1/Th2) cytokine balance was investigated. This was found neither in the acute nor in the convalescent phase. In conclusion, the data indicate that depressed lymphocyte function and elevated plasma interleukin-8 levels are markers of severe disease. It is suggested that age and maturation related immune mechanisms could explain the occurrence of severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis requiring mechanical ventilation in young infants.
Blast-1 possesses a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor, is related to LFA-3 and OX-45, and maps to chromosome 1q21-23.
Authors: D E Staunton, R C Fisher, M M LeBeau, J B Lawrence, D E Barton, U Francke, M Dustin, D A Thorley-Lawson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Blast-1 is a human activation-associated glycoprotein expressed on the surface of leukocytes. Analysis of a translated sequence from a Blast-1 cDNA reveals a single hydrophobic sequence which could traverse the plasma membrane, but is devoid of charged residues that might represent a cytoplasmic tail. Consistent with this characteristic, Blast-1 is demonstrated here to be anchored to the cell surface through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-containing lipid. Comparison of Blast-1 to other GPI-anchored membrane proteins revealed a striking primary and secondary structure similarity with MRC OX45 and the lymphocyte function antigen LFA-3. The degree of overall amino acid sequence homology reveals that OX45 is a rat homologue of Blast-1. The greatest homology to LFA-3 occurs between their NH2-terminal Ig-like domains. Evidence is presented that demonstrates that Blast-1 and LFA-3 possess a disulfide-bonded second domain. These common characteristics demonstrate a structural and evolutionary relationship between Blast-1, OX45, LFA-3, and CD2, which in turn suggests a functional role for Blast-1 in cell-cell interactions in the immune response. The gene for Blast-1 has been localized to chromosome 1 q21-q23, indistinguishable from the CD1 cluster of Ig superfamily genes, raising the possibility that they may be linked.
Physiologic Response of Ventilator-dependent Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease to Proportional Assist Ventilation and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: LORENZO APPENDINI, ANDREA PURRO, MARTA GUDJONSDOTTIR, PAOLO BADERNA, ANTONIO PATESSIO, SILVIO ZANABONI, CLAUDIO F. DONNER, ANDREA ROSSI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

To investigate the physiologic effects of proportional assist ventilation (PAV) in difficult-to-wean, mechanically ventilated patients with advanced COPD, we measured in eight ICU patients the breathing pattern, neuromuscular drive (P0.1), lung mechanics, and inspiratory muscle effort (PTPdi and PTPpl) during both spontaneous breathing (SB) and ventilatory support with PAV, CPAP, and CPAP + PAV (in random sequence). PAV (volume assist [VA] and flow assist [FA]) was set as follows: dynamic lung elastance and inspiratory pulmonary resistance were measured during SB; then VA and FA were set to counterbalance the elastic and resistive loads exceeding the normal values, respectively, the inspiratory muscles bearing a normal elastic and resistive workload. CPAP was set close to dynamic intrinsic PEEP (8.3 ± 3.4 cm H2O). We found significant reductions in P0.1 and PTPdi during both CPAP ( − 45 and − 37%, respectively) and PAV ( − 50 and − 48%, respectively). However, only the combination of PAV and CPAP brought P0.1 (1.69 ± 0.97 cm H2O) and PTPdi (100 ± 68 cm H2O · s) within normal values, and ameliorated the breathing pattern compared with SB (tidal volume: 0.69 ± 0.33 versus 0.33 ± 0.14 L; breathing frequency, 14.6 ± 4.6 versus 21.0 ± 6.5 breaths/min, respectively), without generating ineffective inspiratory efforts. We conclude that in difficult-to-wean COPD patients, (1) PAV improves ventilation and reduces both P0.1 and inspiratory muscle effort; (2) the combination of PAV and CPAP can unload the inspiratory muscles to values close to those found in normal subjects.
Diseases of the Nose and Throat.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Twenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: randomised screening trial
Authors: A. B. Miller, C. Wall, C. J. Baines, P. Sun, T. To, S. A. Narod
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To compare breast cancer incidence and mortality up to 25 years in women aged 40-59 who did or did not undergo mammography screening.
Obligatory Role of Cardiac Nerves and α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptors for the Second Window of Ischemic Preconditioning in Conscious Pigs
Authors: Raymond K. Kudej, You-Tang Shen, Athanasios P. Peppas, Cheng-Hsiung Huang, Wei Chen, Lin Yan, Dorothy E. Vatner, Stephen F. Vatner
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

We tested the hypothesis that cardiac nerves may mediate ischemic preconditioning. Pigs were chronically instrumented to measure aortic, left atrial and left ventricular pressures, and regional myocardial function (wall thickening). Hemodynamic variables, area at risk, and tissue blood flows (radioactive microspheres) were similar among groups. Myocardial infarct size following 60 minutes coronary artery occlusion and 4 days reperfusion, expressed as a fraction of the area at risk, was 42±4.0%, in innervated pigs and similar in pigs with regional cardiac denervation (CD, 41±2.5%). Infarct size in innervated pigs during the first window of preconditioning (first window) was markedly reduced (6±1.8%, P &lt;0.01), as it was in the second window of preconditioning (second window) (16±3.3%, P &lt;0.01). Although infarct size was still reduced in pigs with CD and first window preconditioning (9±1.8%, P &lt;0.01), the protective effects of second window were abrogated in pigs with CD resulting in an infarct size of 38±5.6%. In another group of innervated pigs during pharmacological α 1 -adrenergic receptor (AR) blockade, infarct size was also not reduced during the second window (48±3.2%). Additionally, Western blot analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins demonstrated significant ( P &lt;0.05) upregulation following the second window in innervated pigs, but not in pigs with CD or α 1 -AR blockade. Thus, the mechanism of protection during the second window, but not the first window, appears to be dependent on cardiac nerves and α 1 -AR stimulation.
Incidence of Crohn’s disease in Stockholm County 1955–1989
Authors: A Lapidus, O Bernell, G Hellers, P-G Persson, R Löfberg
Journal: Gut (1997)

Aim —To evaluate the incidence of Crohn’s disease in Stockholm County between 1955 and 1989. Methods —A cohort of 1936 patients with Crohn’s disease was retrospectively assembled. Incidence rates and changes in disease distribution were assessed. Results —The mean increase in incidence was 15% (95% confidence intervals 12% to 18%) per five year period with a mean annual incidence rate at 4.6/10 5 during the last two decades. The mean incidence for the entire study period was similar for men and women. The mean age at diagnosis increased from 25 years in 1960–64 to 32 years in 1985–89, partly because of an increasing proportion of patients aged at least 60 years at diagnosis. The proportion of patients with colonic Crohn’s disease at the time of diagnosis increased from 15% to 32% (17% difference; 95% confidence intervals 12% to 23%) whereas the proportion of patients with ileocaecal disease decreased from 58% to 41% (17% difference; 95% confidence intervals 10% to 24%) during the study period. Elderly patients had a higher proportion of small bowel disease and a lower proportion of ileocolonic disease compared with the younger patients. Conclusion —The incidence rate of Crohn’s disease in Stockholm has stabilised at 4.6/10 5 and the proportion of elderly patients has increased during a 35 year period. Colonic Crohn’s disease has increased in frequency with a reciprocal decrease in ileocaecal disease.
Sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells associated with hepatolithiasis: A case report
Authors: Hye Min Kim, Haeryoung Kim, Young Nyun Park
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2015)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is an adenocarcinoma arising from epithelial cells of varying locations within the biliary tree, and is the second most common primary liver tumor, accounting for approximately 10-15% of all hepatobiliary malignancies.1 This disease has a high prevalence in Southeast and Eastern Asia, including Korea; during the period 2003-2005, the age-standardized incidence rates of intrahepatic CC and extrahepatic CC were reported to be 6.9 and 5.2 out of 100,000 in Korea, respectively.2 Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare tumor composed of mixed malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and it can occur in various organs including liver. The prevalence of sarcomatoid CC has been reported to be about 4.5% of surgical and autopsied cases.3 Most sarcomatoid CCs have been reported to have sarcomatous component which show spindle cell or pleomorphic cell differentiation.4 Furthermore, sarcomatoid CC with osteoclast-like giant cells, which morphologically resemble those found in giant cell tumors of the bone is a very rare malignant liver tumor which was first reported as osteoclastoma-like giant cell tumor of the liver by Munoz et al. in 1980.5 To the best of our knowledge, sarcomatoid CC with osteoclast-like giant cells are extremely rare and only 5 cases were reported in the literature so far.6 Here we report a case of sarcomatoid CC with osteoclast-like giant cells, which is associated with hepatolithiasis.
The coronary circulation in human septic shock.
Authors: R E Cunnion, G L Schaer, M M Parker, C Natanson, J E Parrillo
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Reversible myocardial depression, manifested by ventricular dilatation and decreased ejection fraction, is common in human septic shock. A proposed mechanism, based on animal studies, is myocardial ischemia resulting from inadequate coronary blood flow. Coronary flow observations have not been reported for human septic shock. To determine whether myocardial depression in human septic shock is associated with reduced coronary flow, thermodilution coronary sinus catheters were placed in seven patients with septic shock for measurements of coronary flow and myocardial metabolism. Four of the seven patients developed myocardial depression. These patients had coronary flow similar to or higher than that of control subjects and similar to that of the other three patients, who did not develop myocardial depression. None of the patients had net myocardial lactate production. In general, compared with values in control subjects, the oxygen content difference (arterial minus coronary sinus) was narrowed, and the fractional extraction of arterial oxygen was diminished. This pattern of disordered coronary autoregulation is analogous to the pattern of arteriovenous shunting in other organs in patients with septic shock. The preservation of coronary flow, the net myocardial lactate extraction, and the increased availability of oxygen to the myocardium argue against global ischemia as the cause of myocardial depression in human septic shock.
Prognostic Typing in Breast Cancer
Authors: F. Hartveit
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Infiltrating breast carcinomas in which recurrence takes place 10 years or more after operation are reported to contain tumour cells of characteristic morphology. The cytological features of these tumour cells form the basis of the system of classification described here. Three cytological types are recognized, prognosis being best in type III. Typing is carried out on specimens stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The results of typing were reproducible in over 90% of cases and independent of the histology of the lesion. Correlation to survival time was shown in a total of 222 cases.
Inhaled corticosteroids and hip fracture
Authors: Tjeerd P. van Staa, Hubert G. M. Leufkens, Cyrus Cooper
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Hubbard and colleagues report a study using the General Practice Research Database exploring the relationship between inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of hip fracture. In so doing, they replicate findings recently presented by our own group, but fail to interpret these with due care. Using the traditional epidemiological cohort study design, we identified all users of inhaled corticosteroids, and identified fracture incidence among them. We contrasted incidence rates with cohorts who used inhaled bronchodilator therapy, but did not use inhaled corticosteroids, and with a control cohort who were matched by age and sex to the inhaled corticosteroids users, but did not suffer from asthma. In contrast, Hubbard and colleagues commenced with the fractures and looked back at exposure history using a nested case–control design. The difference in methodology represents different types of sampling, and should give identical results if derived from the same population. The two studies did indeed produce almost identical results with respect to the relative rate of hip fracture in inhaled corticosteroid users, but varied in the evaluation of the role of the underlying disease.