tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Rh-haemolytic disease.
Authors: C A Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The story of the Liverpool research to prevent Rh iso- immunization is a simple one, and its origins were unusual in that they stemmed from breeding Lepidoptera. Single Gene Differences and the Origin of a Supergene in Papilio ButterfliesPlate 1 shows the Swallowtail butterfly Papilio rnachaon, which in this country flies in the Norfolk Broads.All that needs to be noted is that it is yellow.Plate 2 shows a related species, Papilio asterias, common in North YELLOW BODY D0 BLACK BODY COLOUR d COLOUR SMALL WHITE
Precordial ST-segment mapping 1. Clinical studies in the coronary care unit.
Authors: J E Madias, K Venkataraman, W B Hodd
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Precordial ST-segment mapping Was applied serially in the coronary care unit for the study of 46 patients with myocardial infarction (MI), using a 49-lead system. Data from the maps were compared with clinical status of patients, conventional ECGs obtained simultaneously, and serum enzyme levels. Stability of the maps over a one hour period was noted in the early phase of admission. However, a drop of 32% of the sum of ST-segment elevations (+sigma ST) was detected in eight patients with uncomplicated anterior MI over the first 24 hours after admission. Extension of infarction was associated with abrupt rise of + sigma ST, and was diagnosed in two cases from maps in the presence of unchanged standard ECGs. The course of ST elevations was followed more accurately by the map than the standard ECG in eight patients. Pericarditis invalidated the technique completely, due to persistent + sigma ST. The standard ECG was superior to the map in following patients with inferior MI. A case of true posterior MI was more accurately delineated by maps of the posterior thorax than by the standard ECG. Intraventricular conduction defects and pacemaking interfered with maps. Early repolarization produced stable maps; however, mapping showed no advantages over the standard ECG. Preinfarction angina can probably be followed by serial mapping of ST-segment depression.
Prolyl hydroxylase activity in serum and rectal mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: M F Farthing, A P Dick, G Heslop, C I Levene
Journal: Gut (1978)

Prolyl hydroxylase activity in rectal mucosa was found to be significantly greater in 11 patients with Crohn's disease than in 11 control subjects with the irritable bowel syndrome and 16 patients with ulcerative colitis (P less than 0.005). Seven of the patients with Crohn's disease had a histologically normal rectum. This abnormality in apparently normal mucosa supports the concept that Crohn's disease is a 'continuous' disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Although there was no significant difference in prolyl hydroxylase activity between control subjects and patients with ulcerative colitis, those patients with quiescent disease tended to have lower values than those with active mucosal inflammation. Prolyl hydroxylase activity could not, however, be detected in the sera of either healthy control subjects or patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Psychotherapy: The Views of Psychiatrists from Scotland and Nassau County, New York
Authors: FRED B. CHARATAN, IRA ROSENBLATT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Questionnaires were sent to 151 members of the Nassau Neuropsychiatric Society and to 184 members of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association in Scotland regarding attitudes toward psychotherapy and the extent of its use in psychiatric practice. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of the future of psychotherapy in community mental health centers.
Membrane traffic at the hepatocyte's sinusoidal and canalicular surface domains
Authors: W. Howard Evans
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Traffic in the environs of regions of the hepatocyte's plasma membrane is heavy. A fuller understanding of the nature and control of this membrane traffic depends on the appreciation of the hepatocyte's plasma membrane. This conglomerate consists of a receptor-rich and metabolically dynamic blood-sinusoidal domain which is separated from the bile canalicular domain by a lateral domain which participates in cell-cell interactions (1, 2). The rapid receptor-mediated endocytotic uptake and processing of membrane receptor-ligand complexes occurring against a background of hepatic secretion is a key step in understanding relationships between intracellular membrane compartments and the maintenance of differentiated plasma membrane domains. The fate of a wide range of interiorized ligands appears to be decided upon transfer to a Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum lysosomal (GERL) locus where a processing decision is made leading to release of ligands in an intact form into sinusoids or bile canaliculi, or to degradation. This review discusses properties of receptor-binding sites for hormones and metabolites which are located primarily at the sinusoidal plasma membrane, the biogenesis of this membrane, and the various traffic routes of membrane-ligand complexes traversing the hepatocyte interior.
Bioreactors for Hematopoietic Cell Culture
Authors: Lars Keld Nielsen
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (1999)

▪ Abstract Hematopoietic cell culture, or ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic cells, is an enabling technology with many potential applications in bone-marrow transplantation, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and the production of blood products. Hematopoietic cultures are complex, with many different cell types at different stages of development present at any given point in time and never in steady state. Moreover, these cells interact strongly with each other and the environment through cytokines (growth factors) and adhesion molecules, as well as through their metabolism. Despite these significant challenges, cell products produced in bioreactors have shown promise in recent phase 1 clinical trials.
Systems-Level Analysis of Innate Immunity
Authors: Daniel E. Zak, Vincent C. Tam, Alan Aderem
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2014)

Systems-level analysis of biological processes strives to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the interactions between the relevant molecular components over time, thereby enabling development of models that can be employed to ultimately predict behavior. Rapid development in measurement technologies (omics), when combined with the accessible nature of the cellular constituents themselves, is allowing the field of innate immunity to take significant strides toward this lofty goal. In this review, we survey exciting results derived from systems biology analyses of the immune system, ranging from gene regulatory networks to influenza pathogenesis and systems vaccinology.
A STUDY OF THE CROSS-REACTIVITY OF ANTIPURIN-6-OYL SERUM WITH DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
Authors: Vincent P. Butler, Stuart W. Tanenbaum, Sam M. Beiser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The specificity of the reaction of antipurin-6-oyl sera with thermally denatured DNA has been studied by means of hapten inhibition techniques. The relative order of effectiveness of various haptens as inhibitors of the complement fixation reaction between DNA and antipurin-6-oyl serum was found to be comparable to their relative order of effectiveness as inhibitors of the precipitin reaction between purin-6-oyl-protein conjugates and antipurin-6-oyl serum. Antipurin-6-oyl antibody has been purified and has been shown to be capable of reacting with thermally denatured DNA. It is concluded that the reactivity of these purine-specific antisera with DNA is a property of antibody with specificity for the purin-6-oyl moiety. In addition, the reaction between antipurinoyl sera and DNA has been demonstrated by the techniques of radioimmunoelectrophoresis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.
Identification of Hypermethylated Genes Associated with Cisplatin Resistance in Human Cancers
Authors: Xiaofei Chang, Constance L. Monitto, Semra Demokan, Myoung Sook Kim, Steven S. Chang, Xiaoli Zhong, Joseph A. Califano, David Sidransky
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cisplatin is among the most widely used cytotoxic anticancer agents in solid tumors; however, the development of secondary resistance remains a major obstacle to clinical efficacy. Treatment-related DNA hypermethylation may play a role in creating drug-resistant phenotypes by inactivating genes that are required for cytotoxicity. We applied a pharmacologic unmasking approach to detect hypermethylated genes whose inactivation contributes to cisplatin resistance. Using three pairs of isogeneic, cisplatin-sensitive, and cisplatin-resistant cell lines derived from two parental cell lines (KB-3-1 and SCC25), we identified several hundred genes that were downregulated in each resistant cell line and reactivated by the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Among them, 30 genes were common to two or more cell lines and/or reported to be downregulated in previous studies. Bisulfite sequencing confirmed that 14 genes were hypermethylated in resistant cell lines but not in the sensitive parental cell lines. Six of 14 genes (SAT, C8orf4, LAMB3, TUBB, G0S2, and MCAM) were cisplatin inducible in sensitive but not in resistant cell lines. Small interfering RNA knockdown of two genes, SAT and S100P, increased cell viability with cisplatin treatment in sensitive parental cell lines. S100P knockdown significantly decreased the S-phase fraction of parental sensitive cell lines and slowed cell proliferation, which was associated with decreased sensitivity to cisplatin. Based on these findings, we conclude that DNA methylation is a frequent event in cells that are chronically exposed to cisplatin and that methylation-induced gene silencing may play a role in the development of resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2870–9
Prognostic Significance of Copy-Number Alterations in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Cheng Li, Florence Magrangeas, Wilfried Gouraud, Catherine Charbonnel, Jean-Luc Harousseau, Michel Attal, Gerald Marit, Claire Mathiot, Thierry Facon, Philippe Moreau, Kenneth C. Anderson, Loïc Campion, Nikhil C. Munshi, Stéphane Minvielle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Chromosomal aberrations are a hallmark of multiple myeloma but their global prognostic impact is largely unknown.We performed a genome-wide analysis of malignant plasma cells from 192 newly diagnosed patients with myeloma using high-density, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to identify genetic lesions associated with prognosis.Our analyses revealed deletions and amplifications in 98% of patients. Amplifications in 1q and deletions in 1p, 12p, 14q, 16q, and 22q were the most frequent lesions associated with adverse prognosis, whereas recurrent amplifications of chromosomes 5, 9, 11, 15, and 19 conferred a favorable prognosis. Multivariate analysis retained three independent lesions: amp(1q23.3), amp(5q31.3), and del(12p13.31). When adjusted to the established prognostic variables (ie, t(4;14), del(17p), and serum beta(2)-microglobulin [Sbeta(2)M]), del(12p13.31) remained the most powerful independent adverse marker (P < .0001; hazard ratio [HR], 3.17) followed by Sbeta(2)M (P < .0001; HR, 2.78) and the favorable marker amp(5q31.3) (P = .0005; HR, 0.37). Patients with amp(5q31.3) alone and low Sbeta(2)M had an excellent prognosis (5-year overall survival, 87%); conversely, patients with del(12p13.31) alone or amp(5q31.3) and del(12p13.31) and high Sbeta(2)M had a very poor outcome (5-year overall survival, 20%). This prognostic model was validated in an independent validation cohort of 273 patients with myeloma.These findings demonstrate the power and accessibility of molecular karyotyping to predict outcome in myeloma. In addition, integration of expression of genes residing in the lesions of interest revealed putative features of the disease driving short survival.
Suppression of information on the prevalence and prevention of exercise-associated hyponatraemia
Authors: Roy J Shephard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

It has been suggested recently that financial links between manufacturers of sports drinks and professional Sports Science organisations in North America have suppressed information on the existence and ways of preventing an epidemic of exercise-associated hyponatraemia (EAH). This article reviews evidence for the prevalence of both biochemical and clinical hyponatraemia. It concludes that a limited number of cases of EAH occur after ultra-long distance events, particularly when performed under cold and wet conditions, and that some eight deaths have been associated with EAH since 1985. However, this information has been widely reported, both in North America and in other parts of the world. Claims of an 'epidemic' seem unwarranted, and there is no solid evidence supporting the claim that information has been suppressed because of ties between sports scientists and sports drink manufacturers.
Serum ACE Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sam Nordfeldt, Ulf Samuelsson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To investigate whether risk of severe hypoglycemia is related to serum (S) ACE level during intensive treatment in type 1 diabetic children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A cohort of 86 intensively treated type 1 diabetic patients was studied during 1999–2000. In 1999, the age range was 7–19 years (median 12.8), diabetes duration was 1.2–14.7 years (5.3), insulin dose was 0.4–1.7 units · kg−1 · 24 h−1 (1.0), and the HbA1c year mean was 4.7–10.2% (6.8). HbA1c, insulin doses, and events of severe hypoglycemia (needing assistance from another person) were prospectively registered at regular visits, scheduled quarterly. S-ACE was determined once. RESULTS—Severe hypoglycemia was correlated to S-ACE (r = 0.22, 95% CI 0.01–0.41, P = 0.0093). The square root of severe hypoglycemia was correlated to S-ACE (r = 0.27, 95% CI 0.06–0.45, P = 0.0093). Patients with S-ACE at the median level or above (n = 44) reported a mean of 3.0 yearly events of severe hypoglycemia compared with 0.5 events in patients with S-ACE lower than the median (n = 42) (P = 0.0079). Of the patients with an S-ACE at the median level or above, 27 (61%) reported severe hypoglycemia, compared with 17 (40%) patients with an S-ACE lower than the median (P = 0.0527). Insulin dose, HbA1c, age, onset age, duration, C-peptide, and sex did not differ between these two groups. S-ACE was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.27, 95% CI −0.46 to 0.07, P = 0.0265) but not with HbA1c, duration, or blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS—The elevated rate of severe hypoglycemia among patients with higher S-ACE suggests, among other factors, that a genetic determinant for severe hypoglycemia exists. Further evaluation is needed before the clinical usefulness of this test can be elucidated.
Adaptive Immune Resistance: How Cancer Protects from Immune Attack
Authors: Antoni Ribas
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Adaptive immune resistance is a process in which the cancer changes its phenotype in response to a cytotoxic or proinflammatory immune response, thereby evading it. This adaptive process is triggered by the specific recognition of cancer cells by T cells, which leads to the production of immune-activating cytokines. Cancers then hijack mechanisms developed to limit inflammatory and immune responses and protect themselves from the T-cell attack. Inhibiting adaptive immune resistance is the mechanistic basis of responses to PD-1 or PD-L1-blocking antibodies, and may be of relevance for the development of other cancer immunotherapy strategies.Several new immunotherapy strategies to treat cancer are based on inhibiting processes through which cancer adapts and evades from an immune response. Recognizing the specific adaptive resistance mechanisms in each case is likely to allow the personalized development of immunotherapies tailored to block how a particular cancer protects itself from the immune system.
Inherited deficiency of the Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 glycoprotein family and its molecular basis.
Authors: T A Springer, W S Thompson, L J Miller, F C Schmalstieg, D C Anderson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Leukocyte surface glycoproteins that share a common beta subunit have been found to be congenitally deficient in three unrelated patients with recurring bacterial infection. The glycoproteins, Mac-1, LFA-1, and p150,95, have the subunit compositions alpha M beta, alpha L beta, and alpha X beta, respectively. Using subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies, both the alpha M and beta subunits of Mac-1, the alpha L and beta subunits of LFA-1, and at the least the beta subunit of p150,95, were found to be deficient at the cell surface by the techniques of immunofluorescence flow cytometry, radioimmunoassay, and immunoprecipitation. A latent pool of Mac-1 that can be expressed on granulocyte surfaces in response to secretory stimuli, such as f-Met-Leu-Phe, was also lacking in patients. Deficiency was found on all leukocytes tested, including granulocytes, monocytes, and T and B lymphocytes. Quantitation by immunofluorescence cytometry of subunits on granulocytes from parents of these patients and of a fourth deceased patient showed approximately half-normal surface expression, and, together with data on other siblings and a family with an affected father and children, demonstrate autosomal recessive inheritance. Deficiency appears to be quantitative rather than qualitative, with two patients expressing approximately 0.5% and one patient approximately 5% of normal amounts. The latter patient had alpha beta complexes on the cell surface detectable by immunoprecipitation. Biosynthesis experiments showed the presence of normal amounts of alpha'L intracellular precursor in lymphoid lines of all three patients. Together with surface deficiency of three molecules that share a common beta subunit but have differing alpha subunits, this suggests the primary deficiency is of the beta subunit. The lack of maturation of alpha'L to alpha L and the deficiency of the alpha subunits at the cell surface and in latent pools suggests that association with the beta subunit is required for alpha subunit processing and transport to the cell surface or to latent pools. The molecular basis of this disease is discussed in light of adhesion-related functional abnormalities in patients' leukocytes and the blockade of similar functions in healthy cells by monoclonal antibodies.
Life events and chronic duodenal ulcer: a case control study
Authors: D W Piper, J H McIntosh, D E Ariotti, J V Calogiuri, R W Brown, C M Shy
Journal: Gut (1981)

The frequency of life events during the two years before an exacerbation of ulcer in a duodenal ulcer population was compared with the frequency of these events over the same time period in an age-sex matched probability sample of the community population. The mean number of events and the associated distress and life change scores were similar for both groups. When events were categorised into areas of activity, such as health, bereavement, family and social life, change of residence, etc. and were further classified on the basis of desirability, separation from persons, and problem chronicity, only one significant difference was found between patients and controls—more patients changed residence (p=0·0005). Frequency distributions of the number of events and the distress and life change scores were similar for both groups. Concerning individual events, the only significant differences in frequency were that more patients changed residence in Sydney (p=0·006) and more controls had a child leave home for reasons other than marriage (p=0·03). Patients and controls experienced the same four most frequent events. Among patients, no correlation existed between age and either the number of events experienced or distress and life change scores. Among controls, age was negatively correlated with the number of events experienced (p=0·0004) and the life change scores (p<0·003). It is concluded, therefore, that an excess of stress, as measured by the number of life events experienced and by distress and life change scores associated with these events, does not appear to be a risk factor for the exacerbation of chronic duodenal ulcer.
Onchocerciasis treated with diethylcarbamazine
Authors: G.H. REE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Onchocerciasis treated with diethylcarbamazine Get access G.H. REE G.H. REE Medical Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases,4 St Pancras Way, London NW1 oPE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 5, 1 May 1977, Pages 551–554, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14134.x Published: 01 May 1977
P17.37 * SMALL INCREASES IN ENHANCEMENT ON MRI MAY PREDICT SURVIVAL POST RADIOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: C. E. Gzell, H. R. Wheeler, P. McCloud, M. Kastelan, M. Back
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: To determine the rate of pseudoprogression (PsP) in glioblastoma patients (GBM) receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using both modified RANO and novel volumetric analysis techniques. METHODS: Patients ≥17 years with WHO grade IV glioma managed with CRT between June 2008 and November 2011 were included. Patients with incomplete MRI image sets for all study time points were excluded. Modified RANO and two different volumetric calculations (Volumetric versus Rim analyses) were performed on post-operative MRI, and MRIs at 1 month (M + 1), 3 months (M + 3), 5 months (M + 5), 7 months (M + 7), and 12 months (M + 12) post completion of RT. Overall survival was months post definitive surgery. Modified RANO technique involved measurement of the surgical cavity with surrounding enhancement on T1 gadolinium enhanced MRI and compared subsequent scans with the baseline post-operative scan to determine response. Two novel volumetric techniques used the ARIA Eclipse radiotherapy planning software to calculate the volume (cm3) of cavity plus surrounding enhancement (Volumetric) versus the enhancement only (Rim). RANO definitions of response were implemented for all three techniques. RESULTS: 52 patients were included, with median age at diagnosis of 50 years. Seven patients were still alive at time of analysis and median survival was 18 months (95% CI 15-23). Concordance between the measurement techniques was an average of 62% agreement for RANO and Volumetric analysis, 55% for RANO and Rim analysis, and 86% for Volumetric and Rim analysis. Pseudoprogression was defined as progressive disease at M + 1, M + 3, or M + 5, with subsequent stable disease or partial response by M + 12. Using RANO technique we identified four patients (8%) with pseudoprogression. There were four patients with volumetric analysis (only one in common with RANO technique), and two patients (4%) with rim analysis (both in common with the volumetric group although none in common with RANO). Using the volumetric analysis we examined the difference in overall survival for patients that had a ≥5% increase in enhancement versus <5% at the time points M + 1, M + 3, and M + 5. There were 17 patients (33%) at M + 1 with ≥5%, 28 (54%) at M + 3, and 26 patients (50%) at M + 5. There was no significant difference at M + 1 (19 v 18 months, p = 0.548) but at M + 3 and M + 5 there was a significant improvement in survival for those with <5% increased volume: M + 3 23 v 15 months (p = 0.005), and M + 5 26 v 15 months (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: This series of 53 patients demonstrated low rates of pseudoprogression (4-8%). An increase in the volume of the surgical cavity and enhancement of ≥5% at M + 3 and M + 5 post completion of RT was associated with reduced survival compared with patients who had <5% increase. This suggests that increase in radiological abnormality of <25% may predict survival. Further studies are required with larger sample sizes to confirm these results.