tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intralobar pulmonary sequestration and mediastinal bronchogenic cyst.
Authors: R G Grewal, C K Yip
Journal: Thorax (1994)

A patient with a bronchogenic cyst and intralobar pulmonary sequestration is presented. Chest radiography showed a posterior mediastinal mass and a computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed, in addition, an abnormality suggestive of pulmonary sequestration. This was confirmed by an aortogram. It is important to be aware of the coexistence of these anomalies to make a diagnosis preoperatively.
Impairment of Olfactory Identification Ability in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis Who Later Develop Schizophrenia
Authors: Warrick J Brewer, Stephen J Wood, Patrick D McGorry, Shona M Francey, Lisa J Phillips, Alison R Yung, Vicki Anderson, David L Copolov, Bruce Singh, Dennis Velakoulis, Christos Pantelis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: Previous investigation has revealed stable olfactory identification deficits in neuroleptic-naive patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis, but it is unknown if these deficits predate illness onset. METHOD: The olfactory identification ability of 81 patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis was examined in relation to that of 31 healthy comparison subjects. Twenty-two of the ultra-high-risk patients (27.2%) later became psychotic, and 12 of these were diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. RESULTS: There was a significant impairment in olfactory identification ability in the ultra-high-risk group that later developed a schizophrenia spectrum disorder but not in any other group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that impairment of olfactory identification is a premorbid marker of transition to schizophrenia, but it is not predictive of psychotic illness more generally.
Randomized study with cyclosporine in kidney transplantation
Authors: C Ponticelli, G Civati, A Tarantino, F Quarto di Palo, G Corbetta, L Minetti, A Vegeto, L Belli
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

This study presents the 10-yr follow-up results of a multicenter controlled trial on 108 recipients of cadaveric renal transplantation, randomized to receive cyclosporine (N = 55) or azathioprine (N = 53), both in combination with steroids. The 10-yr patient survival rate was 89% in the cyclosporine group and 83% in the azathioprine group (P = not significant [NS]); the 10-yr graft survival was 56% and 35%, respectively (log-rank test, P = 0.009). The half-life of grafts functioning after 1 yr was 15.4 +/- 3.9 versus 10.6 +/- 3.6, P = NS). The rate of early rejection in the cyclosporine group was significantly lower than that in the azathioprine group (0.30 versus 1.4, P < 0.01). Although the mean creatinine clearance rate was always higher in the azathioprine group, the decline in graft function from the first to the tenth yr was not significantly different between the two groups (-13.0 +/- 16.4 versus -12.3 +/- 19 mL/min, P = NS). In cadaveric renal transplantation, cyclosporine allows better graft survival than azathioprine, not only in the short term but also in the long term, with similar attrition of graft function for up to 10 yr.
Surgical versus conservative treatment for acute ankle sprains: Figure 1
Authors: Steven J Kamper, Sanneke JM Grootjans
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

▶ Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Handoll HHG, de Bie R, et al. Surgical versus conservative treatment for acute injuries of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;2:CD000380.

Ankle inversion injuries are one of the most commonly treated musculoskeletal conditions in athletes and physically active people. These injuries, primarily sprains, usually involve damage to the lateral ankle ligaments and have a variety of treatment options.1 The most common forms of management are immobilisation, functional treatment and surgical treatment.

This Cochrane systematic review aimed to synthesise the best available evidence comparing surgical with conservative (immobilisation and/or functional treatment for acute injuries) of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle in adults.

The authors included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials (RCTs and quasi-RCTs) comparing surgical with conservative treatment. The search involved seven key biomedical databases and personal contact with researchers in the field, articles published up to January 2006 were included. Two …
Conversion of vitamin B6 compounds to active forms in the red blood cell
Authors: Barbara B. Anderson, Catherine E. Fulford-Jones, J. Anthony Child, Michael E. J. Beard, Christopher J. T. Bateman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

In studies with pyridoxine and other B6 compounds in blood, the active forms pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate were measured by differential assays using Lactobacillus casei. Red cell uptake of tritiated pyridoxine was also measured. A new metabolic pathway for conversion of pyridoxine to active forms was demonstrated in red cells.
Radiation Exposure During Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lars Lickfett, Mahadevappa Mahesh, Chandra Vasamreddy, David Bradley, Vinod Jayam, Zayd Eldadah, Timm Dickfeld, Deborah Kearney, Darshan Dalal, Berndt Lüderitz, Ronald Berger, Hugh Calkins
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine the radiation exposure during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) using the pulmonary vein (PV) approach.The study included 15 patients with AF and 5 patients each with atrial flutter and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) who underwent fluoroscopically guided procedures on a biplane x-ray system operated at a low-frame pulsed fluoroscopy (7.5 frames per second). Radiation exposure was measured directly with 50 to 60 thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Peak skin doses (PSDs), effective radiation doses, and risk of fatal malignancies were all computed. Mean fluoroscopy durations for AF procedures were 67.8+/-21 minutes in the right anterior oblique (RAO) and 61.9+/-16.6 minutes in the left anterior oblique (LAO) projection, significantly different from that required for atrial flutter and AVNRT. The mean PSDs measured with the TLDs were 1.0+/-0.5 Gy in the RAO and 1.5+/-0.4 Gy in the LAO projection. The lifetime risk of excess fatal malignancies normalized to 60 minutes of fluoroscopy was 0.07% for women and 0.1% for men.The relatively small amounts of the patient's radiation exposure in this study, despite the prolonged fluoroscopy durations, can be attributed to the use of very-low-frame pulsed fluoroscopy, the avoidance of magnification, and optimal adjustments of the fluoroscopy exposure rates. The resulting lifetime risk of fatal malignancy is within the range previously reported for standard supraventricular arrhythmias.
Potential impact of interventions resulting in reduced exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVA and UVB) on skin cancer incidence in four European countries, 2010-2050
Authors: E. de Vries, M. Arnold, E. Altsitsiadis, M. Trakatelli, B. Hinrichs, E. Stockfleth, J. Coebergh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background Behavioural interventions to reduce exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can reduce risk of skin cancer. Objectives To integrate the data and to evaluate the impact of interventions to limit exposure to UVR on skin cancer incidence in four selected countries. Methods Using PREVENT, a dynamic simulation model, we modelled the potential for skin cancer prevention in four European countries under various scenarios to avoid damage by UVR. Results In general, the most effective interventions were those aimed at protecting people during outdoor work and outdoor hobbies against the harmful effects of UVR, and combinations of several interventions. These could in theory lead to reductions of up to 45% in skin cancer cases projected for the year 2050. Conclusions The scope for prevention depends on the prevalence of the risk factors in the different countries, as well as the associated risk factors and time lags modelled.
Offspring of Depressed Parents: 30 Years Later
Authors: Myrna M. Weissman, Priya Wickramaratne, Marc J. Gameroff, Virginia Warner, Daniel Pilowsky, Rajni Gathibandhe Kohad, Helena Verdeli, Jamie Skipper, Ardesheer Talati
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

While the increased risk of psychopathology in the biological offspring of depressed parents has been widely replicated, the long-term outcome through their full age of risk is less known. The authors present a 30-year follow-up of biological offspring (mean age=47 years) of depressed (high-risk) and nondepressed (low-risk) parents.One hundred forty-seven offspring of moderately to severely depressed or nondepressed parents selected from the same community were followed for up to 30 years. Diagnostic assessments were conducted blind to parents' clinical status. Final diagnoses were made by a blinded M.D. or Ph.D. evaluator.The risk for major depression was approximately three times as high in the high-risk offspring. The period of highest risk for first onset was between ages 15 and 25 in both groups. Prepubertal onsets were uncommon, but high-risk offspring had over 10-fold increased risk. The early onset of major depression seen in the offspring of depressed parents was not offset by later first onsets in the low-risk group as they matured. The increased rates of major depression in the high-risk group were largely accounted for by the early onsets, but later recurrences in the high-risk group were significantly increased. The high-risk offspring continue to have overall poorer functioning and receive more treatment for emotional problems. There was increased mortality in the high-risk group (5.5% compared with 2.5%) due to unnatural causes, with a nearly 8-year difference in the mean age at death (38.8 years compared with 46.5 years).The offspring of depressed parents remain at high risk for depression, morbidity, and mortality that persists into their middle years. While adolescence is the major period of onset for major depression in both risk groups, it is the offspring with family history who go on to have recurrences and a poor outcome as they mature. In the era of personalized medicine, until a more biologically based understanding of individual risk is found, a simple family history assessment of major depression as part of clinical care can be a predictor of individuals at long-term risk.
Mycophenolate mofetil in combination with recombinant interferon alfa-2a in interferon-nonresponder patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Markus Cornberg, Holger Hinrichsen, Gerlinde Teuber, Thomas Berg, Uta Naumann, Christian Falkenberg, Stefan Zeuzem, Michael P Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
H <sup>+</sup> Ion Activation and Inactivation of the Ventricular Gap Junction
Authors: Pawel Swietach, Alessandra Rossini, Kenneth W. Spitzer, Richard D. Vaughan-Jones
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

H(+) ions are powerful modulators of cardiac function, liberated during metabolic activity. Among their physiological effects is a chemical gating of cell-to-cell communication, caused by H(+)-mediated closure of connexin (Cx) channels at gap junctions. This protects surrounding tissue from the damaging effects of local intracellular acidosis. Cx proteins (largely Cx-43 in ventricle) form multimeric pores between cells, permitting translocation of ions and other solutes up to approximately 1 kDa. The channels are essential for electrical and metabolic coordination of a tissue. Here we demonstrate that, contrary to expectation, H(+) ions can induce an increase of gap-junctional permeability. This occurs during modest intracellular acid loads in myocyte pairs isolated from mammalian ventricle. We show that the increase in permeability allows a local rise of [H(+)](i) to dissipate into neighboring myocytes, thereby providing a mechanism for spatially regulating intracellular pH (pH(i)). During larger acid loads, the increased permeability is overridden by a more familiar H(+)-dependent inhibition (H(+) inactivation). This restricts cell-to-cell H(+) movement, while allowing sarcolemmal H(+) transporters such as Na(+)/H(+) exchange, to extrude the acid from the cell. The H(+) sensitivity of Cx channels therefore defines whether junctional or sarcolemmal mechanisms are selected locally for the removal of an acid load. The bell-shaped pH dependence of permeability suggests that, in addition to H(+) inactivation, an H(+) activation process regulates the ensemble of Cx channels open at the junction. As well as promoting spatial pH(i) regulation, H(+) activation of junctional permeability may link increased metabolic activity to improved myocardial coupling, the better to meet mechanical demand.
AN ECONOMICAL REGIMEN OF HUMAN DIPLOID CELL STRAIN ANTI-RABIES VACCINE FOR POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
Authors: M.J. Warrell, Pravan Suntharasamai, Abha Sinhaseni, Rod Phanfung, J-C. Vincent-Falquet, Danai Bunnag, D.A. Warrell, Chaisin Viravan, Dusit Udomsakdi, C. Xueref, K.G. Nicholson, Tranakchit Harinasuta
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Clonal analysis of isolated intestinal metaplastic glands of stomach using X linked polymorphism
Authors: S Nomura, M Kaminishi, K Sugiyama, T Oohara, H Esumi
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Monoclonal precancerous cells undergo successive biochemical and genetic changes during the multistep process of carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite a high association with intestinal-type stomach cancer (differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach), the role of intestinal metaplasia is unclear in stomach carcinogenesis. Aims —To study the clonality of intestinal metaplasia. Methods —The clonality of 86 single intestinal metaplastic glands isolated by EDTA treatment from gastrectomy specimens from patients with cancer were investigated. The methylation sensitive restriction enzyme Hpa II and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect a polymorphic human androgen receptor gene locus linked to an inactive X chromosome. Results —Forty one (48%) intestinal metaplastic glands were heterotypic (mixed cells of different allelic methylation) and 45 (52%) were homotypic (cell population of the same allelic methylation), while almost all the single pyloric glands were homotypic. Eleven of 13 intestinal metaplastic mucosae that were 6 mm in diameter contained glands that had originated from different cells. There were no strong relationships between clonal type and location or histological type of intestinal metaplasia. Conclusion —Intestinal metaplasia in general is not a lesion that arises or proceeds monoclonally.
Serum angiotensin converting enzyme
Authors: P. SHARMA, I. SMITH, J. SCHNEERSON;, B G MARSHALL
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Marshall and Shaw in their editorial1 are correct to hypothesise that the normal range of serum angiotensin converting enzyme (SACE) would be narrower if ACE genotype (insertion/deletion; ID) is also taken into account. This would split its wide normal range into three narrower ranges defined by the genotypes II, ID and …
T-cell immunity and hepatitis C virus reinfection after cure of chronic hepatitis C with an interferon-free antiviral regimen in a chimpanzee
Authors: Benoit Callendret, Heather B. Eccleston, Shelby Hall, William Satterfield, Stefania Capone, Antonella Folgori, Riccardo Cortese, Alfredo Nicosia, Christopher M. Walker
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Memory CD8+ T cells generated by spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rapidly control secondary infections and reduce the risk of virus persistence. Here, CD8+ T-cell immunity and response to reinfection were assessed in a chimpanzee cured of an earlier chronic infection with an interferon (IFN)-free antiviral regimen. CD8+ T cells expanded from liver immediately before and 2 years after cure of chronic infection with two direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeted epitopes in the E2, nonstructural (NS)5a, and NS5b proteins. A second infection to assess CD8+ T-cell responsiveness resulted in rapid suppression of HCV replication by week 2, but viremia rebounded 3 weeks later and the infection persisted. The E2, NS5a, and NS5b proteins remained dominant CD8+ T-cell targets after reinfection. Resurgent HCV replication was temporally associated with mutational escape of NS5a and NS5b class I epitopes that had also mutated during the first chronic infection. Two epitopes in E2 remained intact throughout both persistent infections. Intrahepatic CD8+ T cells targeting intact and escape-prone epitopes differed in expression of phenotypic markers of functional exhaustion 2 years after successful DAA therapy and in the capacity to expand in liver upon reinfection. Conclusions : The intrahepatic HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell repertoire established during chronic infection was narrowly focused, but very stable, after cure with DAA. Existing intrahepatic CD8+ T cells targeting dominant epitopes of the challenge virus failed to prevent persistence. Vaccination after DAA cure may be necessary to broaden T-cell responses and reduce the risk of a second persistent infection. (Hepatology 2014;60:1531–1540)
Absence of Parasympathetic Control of Heart Rate After Human Orthotopic Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: James A. Arrowood, Anthony J. Minisi, Evelyne Goudreau, Annette B. Davis, Anne L. King
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Partial reinnervation of cardiac sympathetic nerves has been observed after heart transplantation; we hypothesized that parasympathetic control to the heart after transplantation may return as well. To test this hypothesis, we examined heart rate responses produced by two cardiovascular reflexes whose efferent limbs are subserved by vagal fibers to the heart: (1) trigeminal reflex (simulated diving reflex) and (2) arterial baroreflex with phenylephrine injection.An "early" group (n=31, <24 months after transplantation) and a "late group" (n=27, >45 months after transplantation) were studied and compared with a control group with intact cardiac innervation (n=32) and a renal transplant group with similar transplant immunosuppressive regimen (n=11). For trigeminal reflex testing, responses of the donor sinus node (DSN) (sinus node controlling heart rate) and recipient sinus node (RSN) in the innervated remnant right atrium in cardiac transplant patients were compared with heart rate responses in the control groups. For arterial baroreflex testing, baroreflex gains for the DSN and RSN in the cardiac transplant groups were compared with those of the control group. With engagement of the trigeminal reflex, the DSN rate of both transplant groups changed minimally (early, 1.2+/-1.2 bpm; late, 1.8+/-2.5 bpm) compared with the expected decrease in control subjects (-19.8+/-3.0 bpm) and renal transplant patients (-23.9+/-4.9 bpm) (P<.001 versus cardiac transplants). Changes in the RSN rate of both cardiac transplant groups (early, -13.0+/-4.0 bpm; late, -10.0+/-3.7 bpm) were similar to the control groups. Arterial baroreflex gains for the DSN were also depressed (early, 0.1+/-0.2 ms/mm Hg; late, 0.2+/-0.2 ms/mm Hg) compared with control (14.9+/-1.8 ms/mm Hg) and RSN (early, 9.9+/-1.3 ms/mm Hg; late, 10.9+/-1.3 ms/mm Hg; P<.001 versus DSN transplant).These data suggest that parasympathetic influences on donor heart rate are absent in the majority of patients up to 96 months after cardiac transplantation.
Rare and functional SIAE variants are not associated with autoimmune disease risk in up to 66,924 individuals of European ancestry
Authors: Karen A Hunt, Deborah J Smyth, Tobias Balschun, Maria Ban, Vanisha Mistry, Tariq Ahmad, Vidya Anand, Jeffrey C Barrett, Leena Bhaw-Rosun, Nicholas A Bockett, Oliver J Brand, Elisabeth Brouwer, Patrick Concannon, Jason D Cooper, Kerith-Rae M Dias, Cleo C van Diemen, Patrick C Dubois, Sarah Edkins, Regina Fölster-Holst, Karin Fransen, David N Glass, Graham A R Heap, Sylvia Hofmann, Tom W J Huizinga, Sarah Hunt, Cordelia Langford, James Lee, John Mansfield, Maria Giovanna Marrosu, Christopher G Mathew, Charles A Mein, Joachim Müller-Quernheim, Sarah Nutland, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Willem Ouwehand, Kerra Pearce, Natalie J Prescott, Marcel D Posthumus, Simon Potter, Giulio Rosati, Jennifer Sambrook, Jack Satsangi, Stefan Schreiber, Corina Shtir, Matthew J Simmonds, Marc Sudman, Susan D Thompson, Rene Toes, Gosia Trynka, Timothy J Vyse, Neil M Walker, Stephan Weidinger, Alexandra Zhernakova, Magdalena Zoledziewska, Rinse K Weersma, Stephen C L Gough, Stephen Sawcer, Cisca Wijmenga, Miles Parkes, Francesco Cucca, Andre Franke, Panos Deloukas, Stephen S Rich, John A Todd, David A van Heel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Performance of heat exchangers used in whole body perfusion circuits.
Authors: D W Bethune, R D Gill, D R Wheeldon
Journal: Thorax (1975)

The performance of some commonly used heat exchangers has been investigated with particular reference to the effect of varying the water flow. The results demonstrate that there is considerable variation in the performance of most units when the water flow is changed. It is suggested that more information should be provided by the manufacturers of heat exchangers and that there should be a supply of water in cardiothoracic theatres at a sufficient pressure to allow the full performance of the heat exchangers to be realized.
Modest Visceral Fat Gain Causes Endothelial Dysfunction in Healthy Humans
Authors: Abel Romero-Corral, Fatima H. Sert-Kuniyoshi, Justo Sierra-Johnson, Marek Orban, Apoor Gami, Diane Davison, Prachi Singh, Snigdha Pusalavidyasagar, Christine Huyber, Susanne Votruba, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Michael D. Jensen, Virend K. Somers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Use of Aflibercept (ZALTRAP) as Second Line Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Named Patient Program in India: Preliminary Analysis of Data from Six Centres
Authors: Sirohi Bhawna, Ostwal Vikas, Ramanan Ganapati, Agarwal Shyam, Joshi Ashish, Bharthuar Anubha, Agrawal Amit, Shrikhande Shailesh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Cost-Effectiveness of Universal Hepatitis B Virus Screening in Patients Beginning Chemotherapy for Solid Tumors
Authors: Fiona L. Day, Jonathan Karnon, Danny Rischin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Universal screening for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection before chemotherapy has been recommended. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of HBV screening before chemotherapy given for nonhematopoietic solid tumors (STs).A decision-analytic model was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of universal screening conducted per professional guidelines versus no screening in hypothetical patient cohorts beginning adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer or palliative chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Survival times were extrapolated using Markov models. Probabilities were derived from published studies and costs estimated from the perspective of the Australian health care system. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed, including with the application of an alternative HBV screening strategy.Using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio threshold of $50,000 (Australian dollars) per life-year (LY) saved, universal HBV screening was not cost-effective for adjuvant patients ($88,224/LY, 13% probability of being cost-effective), palliative patients ($1,344,251/LY, 0%), or pooled (all) patients ($149,857/LY, 1%). Sensitivity analyses found that screening approached cost-effectiveness among adjuvant patients with the highest reported rates of undiagnosed chronic HBV (65%, $59,445/LY) or HBV reactivation with chemotherapy (41%, $56,537/LY). Cost- effectiveness was also significantly influenced by HBV population prevalence. An alternative screening strategy using hepatitis B surface antigen testing only produced the most economically favorable results, with $30,126/LY (80% probability) for adjuvant patients and $51,201/LY (43%) for the pooled cohort.Universal HBV screening conducted per current guidelines is not cost-effective in patients with STs. Screening may be economically favorable in selected patient subpopulations and/or with simplification of the screening strategy.