tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Catheter Ablation of the Mitral Isthmus for Ventricular Tachycardia Associated With Inferior Infarction
Authors: David J. Wilber, Douglas E. Kopp, Dennis N. Glascock DO, Charles A. Kinder, John G. Kall
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Intraoperative mapping studies suggest that an isthmus of myocardium between the mitral valve annulus and the border of inferior myocardial infarction may play a role in the genesis of ventricular tachycardia. We examined the frequency with which a slow conduction zone within the mitral isthmus was critical to the maintenance of ventricular tachycardia associated with remote inferior infarction in patients undergoing catheter ablation.In 4 of 12 patients, a critical zone of slow conduction was identified within the mitral isthmus. In each of these patients, two characteristic and morphologically distinct tachycardias were induced: a left bundle (rS in V1, R in V6), left superior axis morphology and a right bundle (R in V1, QS in V6), right superior axis morphology (cycle length, 610 to 320 ms). In each patient, a zone of slow conduction, shared by both morphologies, was characterized by diastolic potentials with electrogram-QRS intervals of 85 to 161 ms (21% to 47% of tachycardia cycle length) and entrainment with concealed fusion during pacing associated with stimulus-QRS intervals of 81 to 400 ms (20% to 91% of tachycardia cycle length). In each patient, a single radiofrequency energy application at the shared site of slow conduction eliminated inducibility of both morphologies. During follow-up of 1 to 11 months, no patient had recurrent tachycardia.The mitral isthmus contains a critical region of slow conduction in some patients with ventricular tachycardia after inferior myocardial infarction, providing a vulnerable and anatomically localized target for catheter ablation. Characteristic tachycardia morphologies may provide clinical markers for this underlying mechanism.
Evaluation of abnormal biomechanics of the foot and ankle in athletes.
Authors: V P Kannus
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

Athletes often suffer from recurrent or chronic overuse symptoms of the lower extremities. During the office visit it is essential to analyse the patient's shoes, gait cycle, lower extremities and, especially, the talocrural, subtalar and more distal joints of the ankle and foot. The basic (clinical) biomechanical analysis can be supplemented by radiographs, treadmill and video analysis and mirror table (podoscope) examinations. Ideally, successful pain relief by correction of the observed abnormality with an orthotic device completes the diagnostic procedure, especially if symptoms return soon after the removal of the device. In treatment custom-made, expensive orthotics should not be prescribed for overuse symptoms without an obvious malalignment, for asymptomatic athletes with a malalignment, or for symptoms in which the causal relationship between the biomechanical abnormality and symptoms is difficult to see. Strict indications for prescription of orthotics and close cooperation between the attending physician, physical therapist and orthotist are prerequisites for obtaining good, long-lasting results.
ANTI-DNA ANTIBODIES IN HYPERIMMUNIZED RABBITS
Authors: Charles L. Christian, Arthur R. DeSimone, John L. Abruzzo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Complement-fixing anti-DNA antibodies were detected in a minority of sera of rabbits hyperimmunized with killed Gram-negative bacteria. The C'-fixing property of DNA was lost after DNase treatment. Preferential reactivity with denatured DNA was observed. The antisera reacted with DNA preparations derived from rabbit bone marrow and thymus, calf thymus, pneumococci, salmon sperm, and Escherichia coli. E. coli DNA was less effective than preparations of mammalian and salmon sperm DNA in fixation of C'. Inhibition of DNA C' fixation by nucleotides and nucleosides was observed. The bulk of anti-DNA activity was associated with the low molecular weight antibody fraction.
Health and fitness management through yoga
Authors: Syed Kareemulla
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Introduction Modern technology is trying hard to make our life easier. Now throughout the world man appears to be living a more and physically inactive life, he rides instead of walks, sits instead of standing and watches instead of participation. Thus there is an urgent need to bring about positive changes in the present day life-styles by participating in yoga, sports and physical education programmes. Health ‘A state of complete Physical, Mental and Social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. Physical fitness ‘Physical fitness is the ability to carry out ones own routine activity without fatigue’. Yoga Yoga originated in India. The word yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root ‘YUJ’ meaning to find the ‘Yoke’ our ancient sages have suggested eight stages of yoga to secure purity of body, mind and soul and final communion with God. The various stages of yoga classified into (1) Yama (social discipline), (2) Niyama (individual discipline), (3) Asana (postures), (4) Pranayama (breath control), (5) Pratyahara (discipline of the senses), (6) Dharana (concentration), (7) Dhyana (meditation) and (8) Smadhi (self-realisation). Need of yoga Yoga is quite effective and easy to do these not only exercise the limbs and the trunk, but also the visceral vital organs, improving their disease resistance capacity. In fact, yoga is the medicine of the body which can restore the vigour of the vital organs like the heart and kidneys, etc. Importance of physical fitness ▶ efficiency in work and performance ▶ develop immunity power resistance to disease ▶ efficient functioning of various systems of body ▶ proper development of body ▶ mental health of alertness ▶ ageing processes and longevity ▶ success in games and sports. Dimensions of health ▶ physical well-being ▶ mental and emotional well-being ▶ social well-being ▶ spiritual well-being. Development and maintenance of fitness and health ▶ regularity (daily yogic practices) ▶ progression ▶ total body involvement ▶ tolerance ▶ rest, sleep and recreation ▶ good habits ▶ proper nutrition ▶ medical check-up 40 Min yoga for health and fitness Yogasanas 5 min Pranayama 4 min Concentration 5 min Meditation 5 min Surya namaskara 5 min Bandhas and Mudras 5 min Shat Kriyas 6 min Relaxation (Shavasana) 5 min Conclusion The first wealth is health. Health and fitness – a way of life. The healthy and fit citizen assets to the nation and ill-health citizen debt to the nation. The health and fitness is not only for us but also for our coming generation.
Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Thick Ascending Limb Cells by Adrenalectomy
Authors: CARLOS P. VIO, SHAO-JIAN AN, CARLOS CÉSPEDES, JOHN C. MCGIFF, NICHOLAS R. FERRERI
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Adrenalectomized (ADX) and sham-operated rats received either dexamethasone (DEX) or vehicle. Renal tissue was used for morphologic analysis, assessment of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression and mRNA accumulation, and quantitation of COX-2 activity. In untreated or shamoperated rats, COX-2 protein was observed in a subset of tubular epithelial cells (&lt;2%), which were located mainly in the cortex. All COX-2-positive cells also expressed Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, a highly selective marker for thick ascending limb (TAL) cells. After ADX, &gt;30% of TAL cells expressed COX-2 in a manner consistent with recruitment of COX-2-positive TAL cells toward the medulla. Treatment of ADX rats with DEX reduced the number of COX-2-positive cells to that observed in sham-operated or intact rats. COX-2 mRNA accumulation was increased by ADX and partially attenuated by treatment with DEX. Western blot analysis of cortical microsomes revealed a substantial increase in COX-2 expression in ADX rats, compared with ADX/DEX-treated, sham-operated, or intact rats. The increase in COX-2 protein expression was associated with a twofold increase in prostaglandin E 2 formation by cortical microsomes obtained from ADX rats, compared with sham-operated rats. It is concluded that ADX induces expression of enzymatically active COX-2, such that expression occurs in the cortical TAL and proceeds in a defined pattern toward the outer medullary TAL. It is suggested that ADX induces expression of TAL cells that, in the basal state, do not express COX-2 protein.
Pulmonary Manifestations of Staphylococcal Pyaemia
Authors: D. R. Hay
Journal: Thorax (1960)

In a previous study (Hay, 1960), the incidence of staphylococcal septicaemia and pyaemia at the Christchurch Hospital was shown to have risen considerably in recent years.The patients presented in a variety of ways, and frequently pulmonary signs or a chest radiograph gave the clue to the diagnosis.The object of this paper is to review the natural history of staphylococcal pyaemia as it affects the lungs (hereafter called staphylococcal pyaemic pulmonary disease).PATIENTS STUDIED Seventy-one patients in the years 1957 and 1958 were proved by blood culture or necropsy to have staphylococcal septicaemia or pyaemia.Thirtyone of these were judged to have pulmonary com- plications, and, together with two other patients seen during January, 1959, form the basis of this study.The criteria for inclusion in the pulmonary group were radiological abnormalities appearing during the acute illness, or signs of metastatic suppurative infarcts in the lungs at necropsy.The diagnosis of staphylococcal septicaemia was suspected during life in 29 of the 33 patients, and confirmed by blood cultures in 23 of these.In the remainder the diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy. Pyaemic pulmonary complicationswere suspected or confirmed during life in 26 patients; the seven other cases were revealed by necropsy.AGE AND SEX INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY.-The 33patients included 20 men and 13 women.Their ages ranged from 2 days to 79 years, with a mean of 27 years.Fifteen patients (45%) died.UNDERLYING DISEASES.-Thediseases underlying the staphylococcal septicaemia were the following:Post-operative septicaemia ... 9 patients Infections of the head and neck ... 9,, Osteomyelitis and suppurative arthritis 9 Umbilical infections 3 Miscellaneous infections ...
Mechanosensing at the Vascular Interface
Authors: John M. Tarbell, Scott I. Simon, Fitz-Roy E. Curry
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2014)

Mammals are endowed with a complex set of mechanisms that sense mechanical forces imparted by blood flow to endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells, and circulating blood cells to elicit biochemical responses through a process referred to as mechanotransduction. These biochemical responses are critical for a host of other responses, including regulation of blood pressure, control of vascular permeability for maintaining adequate perfusion of tissues, and control of leukocyte recruitment during immunosurveillance and inflammation. This review focuses on the role of the endothelial surface proteoglycan/glycoprotein layer-the glycocalyx (GCX)-that lines all blood vessel walls and is an agent in mechanotransduction and the modulation of blood cell interactions with the EC surface. We first discuss the biochemical composition and ultrastructure of the GCX, highlighting recent developments that reveal gaps in our understanding of the relationship between composition and spatial organization. We then consider the roles of the GCX in mechanotransduction and in vascular permeability control and review the prominent interaction of plasma-borne sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), which has been shown to regulate both the composition of the GCX and the endothelial junctions. Finally, we consider the association of GCX degradation with inflammation and vascular disease and end with a final section on future research directions.
Spontaneous (natural) splenoadrenorenal shunts in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction: a series of 20 cases.
Authors: J B Dilawari, Y K Chawla
Journal: Gut (1987)

Large spontaneous (natural) splenoadrenorenal shunt on splenoportovenography was seen in 20 (9.4%) of the 213 patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Significantly less number of patients had a bleed and oesophageal varices in this group compared with patients having no spontaneous shunt. There was, however, no significant difference in the age, splenic size, splenic pulp pressure, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia between the two groups.
Azithromycin in bronchiolitis obliterans complicating bone marrow transplantation: a preliminary study
Authors: M. Khalid, A. Al Saghir, S. Saleemi, S. Al Dammas, M. Zeitouni, A. Al Mobeireek, N. Chaudhry, E. Sahovic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a serious noninfectious pulmonary complication following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, may have a beneficial effect in BO through its anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential effect of azithromycin on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in BO complicating BMT. PFTs of 153 post-BMT patients were followed; eight patients out of 153 (12%) developed obstructive airway disease on their PFTs, along with characteristic findings of BO on high-resolution computed tomography of the chest. These patients were given azithromycin 500 mg q.d. for 3 days, followed by 250 mg three times a week for 12 weeks. Clinically significant improvements were achieved both in forced vital capacity, where the mean (95% confidence interval) increase reported was 410 mL (0.16–0.65), which was an average improvement of 21.57%, and in the forced expiratory volume in one second, where the mean increase noticed was 280 mL (0.10–0.44), which was an average improvement of 20.58%. In conclusion, the potential role of azithromycin in the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans is intriguing and it warrants further testing.
Synergism of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–Associated Antigen 4 Blockade and Depletion of Cd25+ Regulatory T Cells in Antitumor Therapy Reveals Alternative Pathways for Suppression of Autoreactive Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses
Authors: Roger P.M. Sutmuller, Leonie M. van Duivenvoorde, Andrea van Elsas, Ton N.M. Schumacher, Manon E. Wildenberg, James P. Allison, Rene E.M. Toes, Rienk Offringa, Cornelis J.M. Melief
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Therapeutic efficacy of a tumor cell–based vaccine against experimental B16 melanoma requires the disruption of either of two immunoregulatory mechanisms that control autoreactive T cell responses: the cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen (CTLA)-4 pathway or the CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Combination of CTLA-4 blockade and depletion of CD25+ Treg cells results in maximal tumor rejection. Efficacy of the antitumor therapy correlates with the extent of autoimmune skin depigmentation as well as with the frequency of tyrosinase-related protein 2180–188–specific CTLs detected in the periphery. Furthermore, tumor rejection is dependent on the CD8+ T cell subset. Our data demonstrate that the CTL response against melanoma antigens is an important component of the therapeutic antitumor response and that the reactivity of these CTLs can be augmented through interference with immunoregulatory mechanisms. The synergism in the effects of CTLA-4 blockade and depletion of CD25+ Treg cells indicates that CD25+ Treg cells and CTLA-4 signaling represent two alternative pathways for suppression of autoreactive T cell immunity. Simultaneous intervention with both regulatory mechanisms is therefore a promising concept for the induction of therapeutic antitumor immunity.
Effect of class II antigen matching on renal allograft survival in miniature swine.
Authors: M D Pescovitz, J R Thistlethwaite, H Auchincloss, S T Ildstad, T G Sharp, R Terrill, D H Sachs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The benefit of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen matching to renal allograft survival, in the absence of immunosuppression, has been studied in partially inbred miniature swine. Permanent (greater than 6 mo) renal allograft survival was found in 30% of recipients of either class II only or fully matched grafts. Analysis of the survival of the class II-only matched grafts by specific recipient/donor haplotype combinations indicated that survival was regulated by at least three genetic factors, including antigen gene dose, a class I MHC allele-dependent effect, and non-MHC-linked immune response phenomenon. Animals accepting class II-matched kidneys developed spontaneous tolerance to the graft, despite mounting an initial immune response marked by renal damage and the development of serum cytotoxic antibodies directed at the donor MHC antigens. The antibodies were only of the IgM class, suggesting that conversion of the humoral response to IgG was blocked. After acceptance of the kidney, three out of five animals showed specific prolongation of donor skin grafts. At the time of rejection of these skin grafts, no decrease in renal function nor reappearance of anti-donor antibodies was observed.
Genetic polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenase in europeans: TheADH2*2 allele decreases the risk for alcoholism and is associated withADH3*1
Authors: Emma Borràs, Christiane Coutelle, Albert Rosell, Fina Fernández-Muixi, Montserrat Broch, Bernat Crosas, Lars Hjelmqvist, Alfons Lorenzo, Cristina Gutiérrez, Mauro Santos, Malgorzata Szczepanek, Markus Heilig, Pierrette Quattrocchi, Jaume Farrés, Francesc Vidal, Cristóbal Richart, Tomasz Mach, Józef Bogdal, Hans Jörnvall, Helmut K. Seitz, Patrice Couzigou, Xavier Parés
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Polymorphism at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been shown to have an effect on the predisposition to alcoholism in Asian individuals. However, the results are not conclusive for white individuals. We have analyzed the ADH genotype of 876 white individuals from Spain (n = 251), France (n = 160), Germany (n = 184), Sweden (n = 88), and Poland (n = 193). Peripheral blood samples from healthy controls and groups of patients with viral cirrhosis and alcohol-induced cirrhosis, as well as alcoholics with no liver disease, were collected on filter paper. Genotyping of the ADH2 and ADH3 loci was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods on white cell DNA. In healthy controls, ADH2*2 frequencies ranged from 0% (France) to 5.4% (Spain), whereas ADH3*1 frequencies ranged from 47. 6% (Germany) to 62.5% (Sweden). Statistically significant differences were not found, however, between controls from different countries, nor between patients with alcoholism and/or liver disease. When all individuals were grouped in nonalcoholics (n = 451) and alcoholics (n = 425), ADH2*2 frequency was higher in nonalcoholics (3.8%) than in alcoholics (1.3%) (P =.0016), whereas the ADH3 alleles did not show differences. Linkage disequilibrium was found between ADH2 and ADH3, resulting in an association of the alleles ADH2*2 and ADH3*1, both coding for the most active enzymatic forms. In conclusion, the ADH2*2 allele decreases the risk for alcoholism, whereas the ADH2*2 and ADH3*1 alleles are found to be associated in the European population.
Effects of Anti-VEGF Treatment Duration on Tumor Growth, Tumor Regrowth, and Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Anil Bagri, Leanne Berry, Bert Gunter, Mallika Singh, Ian Kasman, Lisa A. Damico, Hong Xiang, Maike Schmidt, Germaine Fuh, Beth Hollister, Oliver Rosen, Greg D. Plowman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) axis is the basis of all currently approved antiangiogenic therapies. In preclinical models, anti-VEGF blocking antibodies have shown broad efficacy that is dependent on both tumor context and treatment duration. We aimed to characterize this activity and to evaluate the effects of discontinuation of treatment on the dynamics of tumor regrowth.We evaluated the effects of anti-VEGF treatment on tumor growth and survival in 30 xenograft models and in genetic mouse models of cancer. Histologic analysis was used to evaluate the effects of treatment on tumor vasculature. We used a variety of treatment regimens to allow analysis of the effects of treatment duration and cessation on growth rate, survival, and vascular density.Preclinical tumor models were characterized for their varied dependence on VEGF, thereby defining models for testing other agents that may complement or augment anti-VEGF therapy. We also found that longer exposure to anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies delayed tumor growth and extended survival in established tumors from both cell transplants and genetic tumor models and prevented regrowth of a subset of residual tumors following cytoablative therapy. Discontinuation of anti-VEGF in established tumors resulted in regrowth at a rate slower than that in control-treated animals, with no evidence of accelerated tumor growth or rebound. However, more rapid regrowth was observed following discontinuation of certain chemotherapies. Concurrent administration of anti-VEGF seemed to normalize these accelerated growth rates.In diverse preclinical models, continuous VEGF suppression provides maximal benefit as a single agent, combined with chemotherapy, or as maintenance therapy once chemotherapy has been stopped.
High-Resolution, Three-dimensional Fluorescent Imaging Reveals Multilayer Conduction Pattern in the Atrioventricular Node
Authors: Igor R. Efimov, Todor N. Mazgalev
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The atrioventricular node (AVN) is the only normal electrical link between the upper and lower chambers of the heart. The AVN modulates transmission of impulses, thus coordinating the contraction of the atria and ventricles. Methods and Results —Structural and functional complexity, combined with the absence of adequate experimental techniques, has complicated attempts to directly evaluate the three-dimensional electrical activity of the AVN. Thus, despite a century of research by conventional electrophysiologic and histologic methods, even the existence of conduction through AVN is still debated. Conclusions —Using a novel combination of microelectrode recordings and high resolution fluorescent imaging with voltage-sensitive dyes, we have for the first time clearly demonstrated three-dimensional conduction through the AVN.
Photopenia in Skeletal Scintigraphy of Suspected Bone and Joint Infection
Authors: I P C MURRAY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

The results of skeletal scintigraphy with Tc-99mmedronate of five children, in whom bone or joint infection was suspected, are presented. They illustrate that the demonstration of areas of diminished radionuclide accumulation may be of considerable assistance in establishing a diagnosis.
CORRECTION
Authors: W-J Koh, O J Kwon
Journal: Thorax (2006)

We read with great interest the paper by Wickremasinghe et al on the prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with bronchiectasis.1 They showed that the prevalence of NTM was uncommon (only 2%) both in 50 newly referred patients and 50 follow up patients. However, the authors stated in the Discussion that “it is now our practice to screen our patients routinely once a year” because a large number of NTM isolates (28%) were detected by routine surveillance in their retrospective analysis of 71 patients with NTM sputum isolates.1

NTM pulmonary infection associated with bronchiectasis is increasing worldwide.2 However, should routine periodic screening for NTM infection be necessary for all adult patients with bronchiectasis? Is sputum culture a sufficiently sensitive method to exclude active NTM infection? Are negative sputum studies sufficient to dissuade one from the diagnosis of active NTM infection?

Bronchiectasis in general can manifest in one of two forms: as a local or focal obstructive …