tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergic rhinitis in preschool children from southern <scp>B</scp>razil
Authors: H. J. Chong Neto, C. S. Rosário, B. A. Rosário, F. H. Chong, E. A. Grasselli, F. C. Silva, L. F. M. Bojarski, N. A. Rosário
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract There are few published studies on prevalence of allergic rhinitis in preschool children. The aims of this study were to verify the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment of a llergic r hinitis ( AR ) symptoms in the first year of life adding supplementary questions to the EISL instrument. A cross‐sectional study used P hase III EISL written questionnaire in addition to modified allergic rhinitis ISAAC questions. One thousand and three parents of infants answered the questionnaire: 484 (48.3%) had at least one sneezing, or a runny or blocked nose episodes without cold or flu in the first year of life. A quarter of infants had recurrent wheezing (≥3 episodes) and more frequent in the presence of AR symptoms. Physician diagnosis of AR and the use of intranasal steroids and both antihistamines and intranasal steroids were more common among those infants with AR symptoms. The prevalence of AR symptoms was high and starting early in life.
Engineered Microtissues Formed by Schiff Base Crosslinking Restore the Chondrogenic Potential of Aged Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Christopher Millan, Emma Cavalli, Thomas Groth, Katharina Maniura‐Weber, Marcy Zenobi‐Wong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

A universal method for reproducibly directing stem cell differentiation remains a major challenge for clinical applications involving cell‐based therapies. The standard approach for chondrogenic induction by micromass pellet culture is highly susceptible to interdonor variability. A novel method for the fabrication of condensation‐like engineered microtissues (EMTs) that utilizes hydrophilic polysaccharides to induce cell aggregation is reported here. Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in EMTs is significantly enhanced compared to micromass pellets made by centrifugation measured by type II collagen gene expression, dimethylmethylene blue assay, and histology. MSCs from aged donors that fail to differentiate in pellet culture are successfully induced to synthesize cartilage‐specific matrix in EMTs under identical media conditions. Furthermore, the EMT polysaccharides support the loading and release of the chondroinduction factor transforming growth factor β3 (TGF‐β3). TGF‐β‐loaded EMTs (EMT +TGF ) facilitate cartilaginous tissue formation during culture in media not supplemented with the growth factor. The clinical potential of this approach is demonstrated in an explant defect model where EMT +TGF from aged MSCs synthesize de novo tissue containing sulfated glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen in situ.
Epidemiology of Renal Dysfunction and Patient Outcome in Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Ching M. Cheung, Julian R. Wright, Ala’deen E. Shurrab, Hari Mamtora, Robert N. Foley, Donal J. O’Donoghue, Stephen Waldek, Philip A. Kalra
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Patients with atherosclerotic renal artery occlusion (RAO) effectively have only a single functioning kidney, so they constitute an ideal group in whom to study the relationship of atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) severity to renal functional outcome. Of 299 patients with ARVD who had presented to a single center over a 12-yr period, 142 (47.5%) patients with RAO were identified. There was no relationship between baseline renal function and contralateral renovascular anatomy. Patients with contralateral normal, insignificant (<50%), or significant (>50%) renal artery stenoses had baseline creatinine of 243 ± 235, 292 ± 197, or 210 ± 102 μmol/L, respectively, but patients with bilateral RAO (creatinine, 540 ± 304 μmol/L; P < 0.0001) were significantly worse. There were significant correlations between baseline GFR and both proteinuria (r = −0.32; P < 0.01) and contralateral bipolar renal length (r = 0.44; P < 0.0001). Over a mean follow-up period of 31 ± 21 (2 to 82) mo, the overall rate of progressive renal functional decline was −4.1 ml/min per yr. Nine patients required dialysis at presentation and a further 15 (10.5%) during the course of the study. There were 85 (59.9%) deaths; median survival of the whole group was 25 mo, and 5-yr survival was 31%. Multivariate analysis indicated that low baseline GFR was the chief variable independently associated with increased probability of death or need of dialysis but that renal vascular anatomy had no prognostic impact. This study reinforces the importance of intrarenal vascular and parenchymal disease in the etiology of renal dysfunction in ARVD.
Predominant expression of a T cell receptor V beta gene subfamily in autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Authors: S S Zamvil, D J Mitchell, N E Lee, A C Moore, M K Waldor, K Sakai, J B Rothbard, H O McDevitt, L Steinman, H Acha-Orbea
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

TCR beta chain gene expression of individual T cell clones that share the same MHC class II restriction and similar fine specificity for the encephalitogenic NH2 terminus of the autoantigen myelin basic protein (MBP) has been examined. TCR V beta expression was examined by FACS analysis with mAbs specific for the V beta 8 subfamily of TCR beta chain genes. 14 of 18 (78%) NH2-terminal MBP-specific clones examined express a member of the TCR V beta 8 subfamily. Southern analysis was used to identify which member(s) of the TCR V beta 8 subfamily is expressed by these clones. Each of four clones examined uses V beta 8.2, though two different V beta 8.2-J beta 2 combinations were identified. Our findings indicate that there is restricted TCR V beta usage in the autoimmune T cell response to the dominant encephalitogenic NH2-terminal epitope of the MBP. The use of an mAb to the antigen-specific TCR in the prevention of T cell-mediated autoimmune disease has been investigated. Our results demonstrate that in vivo administration of a TCR V beta 8-specific mAb prevents induction of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Reentrant Circuits in the Canine Atrioventricular Node During Atrial and Ventricular Echoes
Authors: Peter Loh, Siew Yen Ho, Tokuhiro Kawara, Richard N.W. Hauer, Michiel J. Janse, Günter Breithardt, Jacques M.T. de Bakker
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The anatomic-electrophysiological correlation of AV nodal reentry is unclear. To localize reentrant circuits during atrial and ventricular echoes and to characterize sites of slow conduction and block, we correlated histology with electrophysiology of the AV node.In 10 isolated dog hearts, extracellular electrical activity was recorded in Koch's triangle at 208 or 247 sites (interelectrode distance, 0.5 and 0.3 mm) after removal of 0.7 to 1.5 mm of overlying atrial tissue. Resection did not affect refractory periods. Five hearts were subjected to histology. Complete atrial echoes were induced in 1 heart, incomplete atrial echoes in 5 hearts. Unidirectional conduction block occurred at the atrial-transitional cell junction in the superior area. Zones of slow conduction arose at the atrial-transitional or the transitional-compact node junction in the inferior area. Complete reentrant circuits of ventricular echoes were obtained in 5 hearts. Unidirectional conduction block occurred at the compact node-transitional cell junction in the superior area. Localized zones of slow conduction arose at the junctions between the different types of tissue in the inferior area.In the dog heart, tissue architecture and functional dissociation between the inferior and the superior region of the AV node enable dual physiology and reentry. Slow conduction and functional conduction block occur at the junctions between the different types of tissue in the AV nodal area. Atrial echoes were enabled by conduction block at the atrial-transitional cell junction, whereas during ventricular echoes conduction block occurred at the compact node-transitional cell junction.
The Staphylococcus aureus Map protein is an immunomodulator that interferes with T cell–mediated responses
Authors: Lawrence Y. Lee, Yuko J. Miyamoto, Bradley W. McIntyre, Magnus Höök, Kirk W. McCrea, Damien McDevitt, Eric L. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is an opportunistic pathogen that affects a variety of organ systems and is responsible for many diseases worldwide. SA express an MHC class II analog protein (Map), which may potentiate SA survival by modulating host immunity. We tested this hypothesis in mice by generating Map-deficient SA (Map–SA) and comparing disease outcome to wild-type Map+SA–infected mice. Map–SA–infected mice presented with significantly reduced levels of arthritis, osteomyelitis, and abscess formation compared with control animals. Furthermore, Map–SA–infected nude mice developed arthritis and osteomyelitis to a severity similar to Map+SA–infected controls, suggesting that T cells can affect disease outcome following SA infection and Map may attenuate cellular immunity against SA. The capacity of Map to alter T cell function was tested more specifically in vitro and in vivo using native and recombinant forms of Map. T cells or mice treated with recombinant Map had reduced T cell proliferative responses and a significantly reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity response to challenge antigen, respectively. These data suggest a role for Map as an immunomodulatory protein that may play a role in persistent SA infections by affecting protective cellular immunity.
Quantitation of minimal disease levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia using a sensitive flow cytometric assay improves the prediction of outcome and can be used to optimize therapy
Authors: Andy C. Rawstron, Ben Kennedy, Paul A. S. Evans, Faith E. Davies, Stephen J. Richards, Andy P. Haynes, Nigel H. Russell, Geoff Hale, Gareth J. Morgan, Andrew S. Jack, Peter Hillmen
Journal: Blood (2001)
Inhibition of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway Improves Response of Long-term Estrogen-Deprived Breast Cancer Xenografts to Antiestrogens
Authors: Gauri Sabnis, Olga Goloubeva, Danijela Jelovac, Adam Schayowitz, Angela Brodie
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Aromatase inhibitors that block the synthesis of estrogen are proving to be superior to antiestrogens and may replace tamoxifen as first-line treatment for postmenopausal estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer patients. However, acquisition of resistance to all forms of treatments is inevitable and a major clinical concern. In this study, we have investigated the effects of long-term estrogen deprivation in the breast cancer xenograft model and whether sensitivity to antiestrogens can be restored in vivo. We also compared whether combining wortmannin with tamoxifen or fulvestrant inhibited tumor growth better than either drug alone. Experimental Design: Long-term estrogen-deprived aromatase-transfected human ER-positive breast cancer cells (UMB-1Ca) were grown as tumors in ovariectomized athymic nude mice. Twelve weeks after inoculation, when tumors reached 300 mm3, animals were grouped and injected with vehicle, Δ4A, letrozole, tamoxifen, fulvestrant, wortmannin, tamoxifen plus wortmannin, and wortmannin plus fulvestrant. Tumor volumes were measured weekly. Results: Tumors of UMB-1Ca cells grew equally well with and without androstenedione, indicating the ability of the cells to proliferate in the absence of estrogen. The combination of wortmannin with tamoxifen or fulvestrant inhibited tumor growth better than either drug alone. The combination of wortmannin plus fulvestrant was the most effective treatment that maintained tumor regression for a prolonged time. Conclusion: These results suggest that blocking both ER and growth factor receptor pathways could provide effective control over tumor growth of long-term estrogen-deprived human breast cancers.
Release of arachidonic acid from human lymphocytes in response to mitogenic lectins.
Authors: C W Parker, J P Kelly, S F Falkenhein, M G Huber
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

After exposure to mitogenic lectins in vitro, human mononuclear cells (95% lymphocytes) that had been prelabeled with [14C]arachidonic acid rapidly released a portion of their radioactivity in the medium. Most of the released radioactivity was demonstrated to be free arachidonic acid. Although other sources are not excluded, the most important source of cell-bound radioactivity in the release reaction appeared to be phosphatidylinositol, suggesting that at least part of the response is occurring through an increase in phospholipase A2 activity. By gas liquid chromatography, other fatty acids were also shown to be released, but there was considerable selectivity in the response for arachidonic acid. The response was dependent on the availability of free Ca++ in the medium and was enhanced by serum proteins and unlabeled arachidonic acid. Most of the response appeared to be from the the lymphocytes themselves rather than from contaminating cells. The rapid generation of free arachidonic acid in response to mitogenic lectins suggests a possible role for arachidonic acid metabolites in the activation process.
Incidence Trends for Human Papillomavirus–Related and –Unrelated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in the United States
Authors: Anil K. Chaturvedi, Eric A. Engels, William F. Anderson, Maura L. Gillison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To investigate the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) on the epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) in the United States, we assessed differences in patient characteristics, incidence, and survival between potentially HPV-related and HPV-unrelated OSCC sites.Data from nine Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program registries (1973 to 2004) were used to classify OSCCs by anatomic site as potentially HPV-related (n = 17,625) or HPV-unrelated (n = 28,144). Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort models were used to assess incidence trends. Life-table analyses were used to compare 2-year overall survival for HPV-related and HPV-unrelated OSCCs.HPV-related OSCCs were diagnosed at younger ages than HPV-unrelated OSCCs (mean ages at diagnosis, 61.0 and 63.8 years, respectively; P < .001). Incidence increased significantly for HPV-related OSCC from 1973 to 2004 (annual percentage change [APC] = 0.80; P < .001), particularly among white men and at younger ages. By contrast, incidence for HPV-unrelated OSCC was stable through 1982 (APC = 0.82; P = .186) and declined significantly during 1983 to 2004 (APC = -1.85; P < .001). When treated with radiation, improvements in 2-year survival across calendar periods were more pronounced for HPV-related OSCCs (absolute increase in survival from 1973 through 1982 to 1993 through 2004 for localized, regional, and distant stages = 9.9%, 23.1%, and 18.6%, respectively) than HPV-unrelated OSCCs (5.6%, 3.1%, and 9.9%, respectively). During 1993 to 2004, for all stages treated with radiation, patients with HPV-related OSCCs had significantly higher survival rates than those with HPV-unrelated OSCCs.The proportion of OSCCs that are potentially HPV-related increased in the United States from 1973 to 2004, perhaps as a result of changing sexual behaviors. Recent improvements in survival with radiotherapy may be due in part to a shift in the etiology of OSCCs.
Long term effects of antenatal betamethasone on lung function: 30 year follow up of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: S R Dalziel
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Antenatal betamethasone is routinely used for the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. However, little is known of the long term effects of exposure to antenatal betamethasone on lung function in adulthood. <b>Methods:</b> Five hundred and thirty four 30 year olds whose mothers had participated in the first and largest randomised controlled trial of antenatal betamethasone were followed. Lung function was assessed by portable spirometric testing. The prevalence of asthma symptoms was assessed using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire. <b>Results:</b> Fifty (20%) betamethasone exposed and 53 (19%) placebo exposed participants met the criteria for current asthma (relative risk 0.98 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.30), p = 0.89). 181 betamethasone exposed and 202 placebo exposed participants had acceptable spirometric data. There were no differences in lung function between betamethasone and placebo exposed groups (mean (SD) forced vital capacity in the betamethasone and placebo groups 105.9 (12.0) <i>v</i> 106.6 (12.6)% predicted, difference = −0.7 (95% CI −3.2 to 1.8), p = 0.59; mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in 1 second in the betamethasone and placebo groups 98.9 (13.4) <i>v</i> 98.5 (13.6)% predicted, difference = 0.3 (95% CI −2.4 to 3.1, p = 0.80)). <b>Conclusions:</b> Antenatal exposure to a single course of betamethasone does not alter lung function or the prevalence of wheeze and asthma at age 30.
PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM WITH A MONOCLONAL IgM RED CELL AGGLOMERATING FACTOR
Authors: J. J. CREAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM WITH A MONOCLONAL IgM RED CELL AGGLOMERATING FACTOR Get access J. J. CREAM J. J. CREAM Department of Immunology, Institute of Dermatology, London Dr J. J. Cream, Department of Dermatology, Middlesex Hospital, London, WIN SAA, England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 84, Issue 3, 1 March 1971, Pages 223–226, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14211.x Published: 01 March 1971 Article history Accepted: 20 October 1970 Published: 01 March 1971
Forceful dilatation under endoscopic control in the treatment of achalasia: a randomised trial of pneumatic versus metallic dilator.
Authors: F Mearin, J R Armengol, L Chicharro, M Papo, A Balboa, J R Malagelada
Journal: Gut (1994)

Forceful dilatation under endoscopic control is a well established treatment of achalasia; several different types of dilators can be used. This study prospectively compared the clinical and manometric efficacy of a single dilatation using two different dilators. Forty one patients were randomly assigned to forceful dilatation under endoscopic control with either a pneumatic dilator (n = 17) or a metallic dilator (n = 24). Thereafter, the patients received periodic clinical and manometric evaluation for one year (before and one, six, and 12 months after dilatation). One month after dilatation all but one of the subjects in each group had experienced good to excellent results and their clinical improvement persisted for the one year follow up. Two patients (one in each group) were perforated during the procedure and required surgical treatment. Recovery was uneventful in both cases. Resting lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (mean (SEM)) significantly and similarly decreased after both methods of dilatation (pneumatic dilator: before dilatation 37 (3) mm Hg, one year after dilatation 18 (3) mm Hg; metallic dilator: before dilatation 34 (2) mm Hg, one year after dilatation 17 (3) mm Hg; p &lt; 0.05 for both). It is concluded that in the treatment of achalasia a single dilatation under endoscopic control with either pneumatic or metallic dilator yield comparable clinical and manometric results and similar complication rates. The use of one or other dilator should depend more on the preference and experience of the endoscopist than on the type of device.
Improving the Health of Persons With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Christina Mangurian, MD; John W. Newcomer, MD; Eric Vittinghoff, PhD; Jennifer M. Creasman, MSPH; Penelope Knapp, MD; Elena Fuentes-Afflick, MD, MPH; Dean Schillinger, MD
Characterization of drug-specific lymphocyte responses in a patient with drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Sabah El-Ghaiesh, Joseph P. Sanderson, John Farrell, Sidonie N. Lavergne, Wing-Kin Syn, Munir Pirmohamed, B. Kevin Park, Dean J. Naisbitt
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
HEALTH INSURANCE AND PSYCHIATRIC THERAPY
Authors: HARVEY J. TOMPKINS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

We have commented upon the role of the psychiatrist as an individual and as a member of the helping professions in a changing society, with particular reference to his responsibilities in the development and use of health insurance plans. Current pre-payment programs were examined and observations made regarding some of their implications which touch upon varied aspects of psychiatry, service, training and research and which are to be considered in the further development and refinement of health insurance plans. While additional expansion of pre-payment coverages is now warranted, our present knowledge of the specific requirements of the psychiatrically ill remains limited. It is necessary that we proceed with caution avoiding over-extending ourselves in our increasing preoccupation with insurance matters, pending a greater amount of information referable to the nature and course of mental illnesses, treatment objectives and responses to therapeutic interventions. This will facilitate a more meaningful relationship with insurors and better serve the needs of the patient, psychiatric practice and the furtherance of the voluntary health insurance effort. It is of note that the questions arising because of the presence of insurance plans have had the positive effect of sharpening our recognition of avenues of investigation demanding our attention as we progress in psychiatry and psychiatric practice.
The Impact of EEG/MEG Signal Processing and Modeling in the Diagnostic and Management of Epilepsy
Authors: F.H. Lopes da Silva
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This overview covers recent advances in the field of EEG/MEG signal processing and modeling in epilepsy regarding both interictal and ictal phenomena. In the first part, the main methods used in the analysis of interictal EEG/MEG epileptiform spikes are presented and discussed. Source and volume conductor models are passed in review, namely the equivalent dipole source concept, the requirements for adequate time and spatial sampling, the question of how to validate source solutions, particularly by comparing solutions obtained using scalp and intracranial EEG signals, EEG &amp; MEG data, or EEG simultaneously recorded with fMRI (BOLD signals). In the second part, methods used for the characterization of seizures are considered, namely dipolar modeling of spikes at seizure onset, decomposition of seizure EEG signals into sets of orthogonal spatio-temporal components, and also methods (linear and nonlinear) of estimating seizure propagation. In the third part, the crucial issue of how the transition between interictal and seizure activity takes place is examined. In particular the vicissitudes of the efforts along the road to seizure prediction are shortly reviewed. It is argued that this question can be reduced to the problem of estimating the excitability state of neuronal populations in the course of time as a seizure approaches. The value of active probing methods in contrast with passive analytical methods is emphasized. In the fourth part modeling aspects are considered in the light of two special kinds of epilepsies, absences characterized by spike-and-wave discharges and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. These two types correspond to different scenarios regarding the transition to epileptic seizures, namely the former is a case of a jump transition and the latter is a typical case of gradual transition. In conclusion, the necessity of developing comprehensive computational models of epileptic seizures is emphasized. </para>
Thalidomide and dexamethasone combination for refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: M.A. Dimopoulos, K. Zervas, G. Kouvatseas, E. Galani, V. Grigoraki, Ch. Kiamouris, E. Vervessou, E. Samantas, Ch. Papadimitriou, O. Economou, D. Gika, P. Panayiotidis, I. Christakis, N. Anagnostopoulos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)