tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ernest Colin-Russ Nina Lettice Dix Dulake (nee Robertson) Margaret Elizabeth Evans Arthur Blair Griffiths Gladys Hill William Pierce ("Tim") Kelly Ian Wilson Kerr Michael McCahey James Wallace Mann Sidney Mottershead Alistair Ian Macintosh Neill Maurice O'Donnell Michael Colin Shannon
Authors: L. J Stoll, M. Dulake, J E Crane, J L Herbert, C P Juniper, N P Woodgate-Jones, E. C Bramwell, J. Kerr, J C Charlton, D. Mann, S. Mottershead, M J V Bull, M Croft, D. Parrott
Journal: BMJ (1998)
Relationships between allergic inflammation and nasal airflow in children with persistent allergic rhinitis due to mite sensitization
Authors: G. Ciprandi, G. L. Marseglia, C. Klersy, M. A. Tosca
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Allergic rhinitis is associated with Th2-dependent inflammation. Nasal obstruction is the most typical symptom in children with mite allergy.The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships among nasal symptoms, allergic inflammation, including inflammatory cells and cytokine pattern, and nasal airflow in children with persistent allergic rhinitis because of mite sensitization.Twenty children (13 males and seven females, mean age 13.4 +/- 1.6 years) with persistent rhinitis because of mite allergy were evaluated. All of them had moderate-severe grade of nasal obstruction. Total symptom score (TSS), rhinomanometry, nasal lavage, and nasal scraping were obtained in all subjects. Inflammatory cells were counted by conventional staining; interleukin (IL)-5, and IL-8 were measured by immunoassay on fluids recovered from nasal lavage.Eosinophils were significantly associated with TSS (R = 74.4%, P = 0.0002), with IL-5 (R = 90.6%, P < 0.0001) and with nasal flow (R = -69%, P = 0.0007), but not with IL-8 (R = 0.1%, P = 0.995). Eosinophil levels were shown to independently predict nasal flow (P < 0.001), with flow decreasing linearly for increasing eosinophils, together with a significant effect of neutrophils (P = 0.016, linear increase in flow) and a borderline effect of IL-8 (P = 0.063, linear increase in flow).This study demonstrates the close association between IL-5 concentration and eosinophil infiltration. In addition, there is clear evidence concerning the relationship between eosinophil infiltration and nasal airflow. Thus, nasal eosinophils can be regarded as the most important predictor of upper airway function. These findings constitute first evidence of the relationship between nasal airflow impairment and Th2-related eosinophilic inflammation in children with persistent allergic rhinitis because of mite sensitization.
Chronic immune colitis in rabbits.
Authors: A S Mee, J E McLaughlin, H J Hodgson, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1979)

A chronic colitis has been induced in rabbits having many of the histological features of human ulcerative colitis. Animals were first immunised with the common enterobacterial antigen of Kunin and haemagglutinating antibodies demonstrated in high titre. An immune complex colitis was then established by the injection of soluble immune complexes following mild irritation of the rectum with dilute formalin as previously described. The rabbits developed an acute colitis within the first week but, in contrast with unsensitised rabbits, the inflammation persisted and was still present at six months as assessed by proctoscopy and rectal biopsy. Kunin-sensitised rabbits receiving intravenous saline, antigen, or antibody alone did not develop a chronic colitis. It is suggested that hypersensitivity to colonic bacterial antigens may be one mechanism whereby an acute colitis becomes chronic.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: How serious a sports problem is it?
Authors: Charles H Tator
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

It is now recognised that there is a spectrum of concussion disorders ranging from acute concussion at one end to various forms of brain degeneration at the other end. The spectrum includes acute concussion, second impact syndrome or acute cerebral swelling, postconcussion syndrome, depression or anxiety, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and possibly other forms of central nervous system degeneration. It is essential to carefully evaluate the clinical and neuropathological correlations of CTE that have been published. This has been accomplished in an excellent paper on this subject by Gardner and colleagues in this issue. There have been significant advances in our knowledge of the clinical and neuropathological features of CTE in athletes in the past 10 years. However, we are just at the beginning of our appreciation of this entity due to the paucity of research and the inability to diagnose CTE during life. At present, it is not possible to assess the validity of the proposed methods of classification and grading of the severity of the disease. Additional studies of large numbers of at-risk athletes are essential, especially prospective longitudinal studies. Obviously, such studies would be even more effective if reliable in vivo biomarkers were discovered, especially non-invasive ones such as advanced MRI or MR spectroscopy or invasive ones such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid tests. The major questions that remain unanswered include the frequency of CTE in various collision sports, the causal or otherwise relationship between concussions and CTE, the number of concussions that need to be involved and their management.
The UPF1 RNA surveillance gene is commonly mutated in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma
Authors: Chen Liu, Rachid Karam, YingQi Zhou, Fang Su, Yuan Ji, Gang Li, GuoTong Xu, LiXia Lu, ChongRen Wang, MeiYi Song, JingPing Zhu, YiRan Wang, YiFan Zhao, Wai Chin Foo, MingXin Zuo, Mark A Valasek, Milind Javle, Miles F Wilkinson, YanJun Lu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Chromosomal Aberration Rates and Intravenously Given Diazepam
Authors: Beverly J. White
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Previous studies of the effects of diazepam (Valium) on human chromosomes have given conflicting results. To resolve this problem, chromosome analysis was done on the peripheral blood of 20 healthy young adults, sampled both before and after a single 12- to 20-mg intravenous dose of diazepam. All subjects were oral surgery research patients of the National Institute of Dental Research. The mean percentages of chromosomal aberrations per person showed no significant increase during the immediate and sevenday period after use of the drug. While the experimental design of the study was complicated by the use of other drugs to control pain, it could be concluded that no genetic damage as measured by chromosomal analysis was detected following a single therapeutic dose of diazepam. (<i>JAMA</i>230:414-417, 1974)
Molecular phylogeny and rearrangement of rRNA genes in Rickettsia species
Authors: S. G. Andersson, D. R. Stothard, P. Fuerst, C. G. Kurland
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

It has previously been observed that Rickettsia prowazekii has an unusual arrangement of the rRNA genes. In this species, the three rRNA genes, 16S (rrs), 23S (rrl), and 5S (rrf), are not linked in the typical arrangements for bacteria. Rather, the 16S rRNA gene has been separated from the 23S and 5S rRNA gene cluster, and the 23S rRNA gene is preceded by a gene which codes for methionyl-tRNAf(Met) formyltransferase (fmt). In this study, we screened the genus Rickettsia for the fmt-rrl motif in order to examine the phylogenetic depth of this unusual rRNA gene organization. A rearranged operon structure was observed in Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia sibirica, Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia amblyomii, Rickettsia montana, Rickettsia rhipicephali, Rickettsia australis, Rickettsia akari, Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia canada, and Rickettsia typhi. There is also evidence for a divided operon in Rickettsia belli, but in this species, the fmt gene could not be identified upstream of the 23S rRNA gene. In order to place the rearrangement event in the evolutionary history of the Rickettsia, phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the fmt-rrl spacer regions and the 23S rRNA genes. Based on these phylogenies, we suggest that the genomic rearrangement of the rRNA genes preceded the divergence of the typhus group and the spotted fever group Rickettsia. The unique organization of the 23S rRNA genes provides a simple diagnostic tool for identification of Rickettsia species.
Effect of the Synthetic Retinoid Fenretinide on Circulating Free Prostate-Specific Antigen, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Levels in Men with Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Davide Serrano, Laura Baglietto, Harriet Johansson, Frederique Mariette, Rosalba Torrisi, Marina Onetto, Michela Paganuzzi, Andrea Decensi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid that has shown a preventive activity in prostate cancer animal models. Experimental Design: We measured the changes in total and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and its association with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGFBP-3 levels after 1 year of treatment in 24 subjects given 4-HPR and 24 control subjects enrolled in a randomized bladder cancer prevention trial. Results: No significant effect of 4-HPR was observed on total and free fraction of PSA levels. The median percentage [95 confidence interval (95% CI)] change for % free PSA and total PSA in the 4-HPR and the control group were, respectively, 7.6 (95% CI, −4.0 to 69.3) versus 5.1 (95% CI, −21.4 to 59.8) and −7.8 (95% CI, −18.2 to 52.5) versus −12.3 (95% CI, −44.6 to 9.6). However, in patients ages &amp;lt;60 years, there was a trend to an increase of total free PSA and % free PSA after treatment with 4-HPR that was different from a trend to a decrease in the control group (P = 0.002 and 0.052, respectively). The interaction between age and treatment was statistically significant on free PSA (P = 0.001). A similar pattern was noted with smoking status (P = 0.011 for the interaction on free PSA). No association was observed between PSA levels and IGF-I or IGFBP-3 levels. Conclusions: We conclude that 4-HPR has no significant effect on circulating PSA, but it increases significantly free PSA levels in subjects younger than 60 years and in nonsmokers. These effects might support an activity in prostate cancer prevention but further studies are required.
Preferential Proliferation of Murine Colony-forming Units in Culture in a Chemically Defined Condition with a Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor–negative Stromal Cell Clone
Authors: Nobuyuki Takakura, Hiroaki Kodama, Satomi Nishikawa, Shin-Ichi Nishikawa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The establishment of culture conditions that selectively support hematopoietic stem cells is an important goal of hematology. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using for this purpose a defined medium, mSFO2, which was developed for stromal cell–dependent bone marrow cultures. We found that a combination of epidermal growth factor (EGF), the OP9 stromal cell line, which lacks macrophage colony-stimulating factor, recombinant stem cell factor, and the chemically defined medium mSFO2 provides a microenvironment where c-Kit+ Thy-1+/lo Mac-1+/lo B220− TER119− commonβ+ IL-2Rγ+ gp130+ cells are selectively propagated from normal, unfractionated bone marrow cells. This cell population produced an in vitro colony at a very high efficiency (50%), whereas it has only limited proliferative ability in the irradiated recipient. Thus, the cells selected in this culture condition might represent colony-forming units in culture (CFU-c) with short-term reconstituting ability. Transferring this cell population into medium containing differentiation signals resulted in the rapid production of mature myelomonocytic and B cell lineages in vitro and in vivo. The fact that a similar culture condition was created by erb-B2–transduced OP9 in the absence of EGF indicated that EGF exerts its effect by acting on OP9 rather than directly on CFU-c. These results suggested that the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of CFU-c can be regulated by extracellular signals.
Causes of death in dialysis patients
Authors: W E Bloembergen, F K Port, E A Mauger, R A Wolfe
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

The risk of death in the dialysis population is high and has previously been shown to be accentuated in male (versus female) and white (versus black) subgroups. To better understand the difference in mortality among these subgroups, the causes of death between males and females as well as between whites and blacks adjusting for age, cause of ESRD (diabetic versus nondiabetic), dialysis modality, and time on dialysis (< 1 yr versus > 1 yr) were compared, with national data obtained from the U.S. Renal Data System. A total of 42,372 deaths occurring over 170,700 patient years at risk were analyzed. Males had a 22% higher risk of death than females (P < 0.001), attributable to a higher risk of death due to acute myocardial infarction (relative death rate ratio (RR) = 1.48; P = 0.001), all other cardiac causes (RR = 1.3; P = 0.001), and malignancy (RR = 1.59; P < 0.001). Whites had a 29% higher risk of death than blacks (P < 0.001), accounted for by an increased risk of death due to acute myocardial infarction (RR = 1.34), all other cardiac causes (RR = 1.30), withdrawal from dialysis (RR = 2.72) (all P < 0.001), and infection (RR = 1.09; P = 0.005). This analysis expands the knowledge and understanding of the excess mortality seen in male and white subgroups, which is a necessary step in designing strategies to reduce the high mortality in dialysis patients.
Correlation of histopathological features of pannus with patterns of damage in different joints in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: S A Allard, K D Muirden, R N Maini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The cartilage-pannus junction has been studied in multiple sections from 23 rheumatoid joints. Changes suggesting a metaplastic reaction of the articular cartilage, termed transitional fibroblastic zone, were commonly found in hips and knees, but were rarely present in metatarsophalangeal joints, in which an invasive pannus with cartilage degradation in close association with inflammatory cells was seen. Thus when multiple sections from rheumatoid joints were examined a transitional fibroblastic zone was found in 1/15 (7%) sections from metatarsophalangeal joints compared with 29/57 (51%) and 15/48 (31%) sections from knee and hip joints respectively. In contrast, an invasive pannus occurred in 11/15 (73%) sections from metatarsophalangeal joints compared with 22/57 (39%) sections from knees and 19/48 (40%) sections from hips. These findings led to the suggestion that this pathological variation between different joints may explain the predominance of erosive change in small joints as compared with joint space narrowing with secondary osteoarthritis found in large joints in rheumatoid arthritis. Inappropriate comparisons between different joints may in part explain the variation in findings of previous histopathological studies.
Ampicillin for sore throat.
Authors: A A Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The cytoskeleton is a collection of protein assemblies that dynamically impose spatial structure in cells and coordinate processes such as cell division and mechanical regulation. Biopolymer filaments, cross-linking proteins, and enzymatically active motor proteins collectively self-organize into various precise cytoskeletal assemblies critical for specific biological functions. An outstanding question is how the precise spatial organization arises from the component macromolecules. We develop a new system to investigate simple physical mechanisms of self-organization in biological assemblies. Using a minimal set of purified proteins, we create droplets of cross-linked biopolymer filaments. Through the addition of enzymatically active motor proteins we construct composite assemblies, evocative of cellular structures such as spindles, where the inherent anisotropy drives motor self-organization and droplet deformation. These results suggest that simple physical principles underlie the self-organization in complex biological assemblies and inform bio-inspired materials design.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Rugby's call for clarity, data and leadership in the concussion debate
Authors: Jon S Patricios, Simon Kemp
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

After US District Judge Judy Brody recently ruled that the consolidated multi-district concussion litigation cases against the National Football League (NFL) in the USA were to be transferred to a labour arbitrator, the NFL agreed to a $765 million settlement. More than 4000 current and ex-NFL players, the plaintiffs in this case, allege that the NFL has misrepresented the long-term health dangers associated with on-field head injuries.1 Either way, the debate about the potential long-term consequences of concussion will play out in the American media for a number of years to come, ensuring that the term chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegenerative condition that is thought to occur as a consequence of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury, not only remains part of our clinical lexicon, but is also embedded in social media postings (‘#CTE’ on Twitter , ‘Heads Up! CTE’ on Facebook , 1740 YouTube videos, and 740 000 Google references)2 ,3 where the messaging today is simple and consistent: ‘contact sport damaged my brain and it didn't have to happen’.

Recently, the National Hockey League (NHL) has been sued by the family of a former NHL player in what has been described as ‘an explosive wrongful death lawsuit’ that allegedly resulted from a lethal combination of recurrent head injuries, in-game fighting, over-prescribed painkillers and CTE. American Football and Ice Hockey are not the only sports to be associated with CTE.4 Boxing was implicated in the very first medical descriptions of dementia pugilistica in prize-fighters in 1928,5 while in soccer, the possibility of significant brain injury as a result of repeated heading of the ball has again been reopened in the context of the CTE debate.6 

Rugby Union (hereafter just ‘Rugby’) is a collision team sport played by men, women, boys and girls in …
Recovery of function in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: L G McHugh, J A Milberg, M E Whitcomb, R B Schoene, R J Maunder, L D Hudson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We performed a prospective cohort analysis to determine the rate and extent of improvement in pulmonary function abnormalities and self-perceived health for 1 yr after surviving an episode of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We also examined the effect of ARDS severity and etiology, age, and sex on functional recovery. Patients were recruited from the intensive care units of one hospital and followed at regular time intervals from extubation to 1 yr. Fifty-two of 82 eligible adult survivors (63%) consented to participate; 37 of 82 (45%) had at least two examinations, and 20 (24%) had complete follow-up. Risk factors for ARDS included sepsis (n = 12), trauma (n = 15), and other (n = 10). Pulmonary function and self-perceived health scores improved considerably in the first 3 mo after extubation, with only slight additional improvement at 6 mo. No further changes were evident at 1 yr. Patients with more severe ARDS had significantly lower pulmonary function tests than did other survivors throughout follow-up. These observations should be useful for clinical follow-up of ARDS survivors and provide specific information concerning the expected rate of functional recovery in these patients.
Single and double stranded DNA binding lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and normal controls.
Authors: S Slavin, D Sulitzeanu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Specific double (D-DNA) and single stranded (S-DNA) deoxyribonucleic acid binding cells were demonstrated in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by rosette formation with antigen coated red blood cells. The proportion of DNA binding cells in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE was significantly higher than that found in a random population of healthy individuals. Significant numbers of D-and S-DNA binding lymphocytes were found in patients with active disease even when anti-DNA of fluorescent antinuclear antibodies disappeared. The specificity of the DNA binding cells was confirmed by inhibition experiments with D-or S-DNA. Spleen lymphocytes were also examined on one occasion and were found to contain a much higher level of DNA binding lymphocytes than the peripheral blood lymphocytes.
B and T lymphocytes in lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin.
Authors: M. DAVID, B. SHOHAT, N. TRAININ, E. J. FEUERMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Cell-mediated immunity using the E-rosette technique, the graft-versus-host reaction and intradermal skin tests were investigated in two groups of patients, twenty-two with benign lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin (lymphocytic infiltration of the skin and lymphadenosis benigna cutis) and nine with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases (mycosis fungoides and lymphoma cutis). The effect of thymic hormone upon T lymphocytes which proved to have impaired functional capacity was investigated. Seventeen of the twenty-two patients with benign lymphoproliferative diseases were found to have intact cellular immunity whereas seven of the nine patients with malignant disease proved to be immunodeficient. The determination of immune competence may be of help in establishing the correct diagnosis in doubtful cases and might also be useful in the follow-up of these patients. The improvement in functional capacity of T lymphocytes resulting from their interaction with a thymic hormone indicates that it holds therapeutic promise.