tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcomes in patients less than 2 years of age with small, stage I, favorable-histology Wilms' tumors: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study.
Authors: D M Green, N E Breslow, J B Beckwith, J Takashima, P Kelalis, G J D'Angio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE Retrospective analyses were performed to determine the effect of tumor weight and therapy modifications on outcome in patients less than 2 years of age with stage I favorable-histology Wilms' tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS The 4-year relapse-free and overall survival percentages for patients randomized to different treatment regimens in National Wilms' Tumor Studies (NWTS)-1, -2, and -3 were calculated and compared. RESULTS The 4-year relapse-free survival percentages of patients whose specimen weight was less than 550 g were found to be 89.1% on NWTS-1, 96.0% on NWTS-2, and 93.2% on NWTS-3. There was no evidence that the relapse-free survival of these patients had improved over time (P value for trend = .99). The 4-year relapse-free survival percentage for similar age and stage patients whose specimen weight was 550 g or greater was significantly poorer than that of patients with smaller tumors (P = .02). CONCLUSION Changes in the NWTS treatment regimens over a period of more than 20 years have not improved on the excellent prognosis of patients who are less than 2 years of age at diagnosis and who have a stage I, favorable-histology Wilms' tumor with specimen weight less than 550 g. These data could be used as the basis for a future trial in which a subgroup of such patients is treated with nephrectomy only.
α-interferon for recurrent WHO grade 1 meningioma
Authors: M. C. Chamberlain, M. J. Glantz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2081 Background: Intracranial meningiomas are common (comprising 20% of all primary brain tumors), and frequently recur following surgery and radiation. There is, unfortunately, limited data regarding treatment with chemotherapy. Objective: This was a pilot study designed to estimate 6-month progression-free survival in patients with recurrent, treatment-refractory, WHO grade 1 meningiomas treated with α-interferon. Methods: 35 patients (29 women; 6 men) with recurrent WHO grade 1 meningiomas, ranging in age from 36–88 years (median 61) were treated. All patients had prior surgery (range 1–4, median 2), radiotherapy (involved-field in 35; stereotactic in 22) and chemotherapy (hydroxyurea in 19 patients; temozolomide in 8; CPT-11 in 6; bevacizumab plus celecoxib in 1; and sandostatin in 2). Upon radiographic documentation of progressive disease, α-interferon (10 million units/m2 administered subcutaneously every other day) was started. Four weeks was defined as a treatment cycle. A complete blood count and chemistry panel was obtained prior to every cycle, and cranial MRI was performed every 3 months. Results: The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were fatigue (6 patients; 17 %), anemia (3; 8.6 %), and leukopenia (3; 8.6%). Three patients went off study because of toxicity (fatigue), and 7 patients (20%) required a dose reduction. There were no treatment-related deaths, and no delays in therapy. All patients were assessable for response. No patient demonstrated a neuroradiographic complete or partial response. Twenty-six patients (74%) demonstrated stable disease following the first three cycles of α-interferon and 9 patients had progressive disease. The overall progression free survival was 54% at 6 months and 31% at 12 months. Median time to tumor progression was 7 months (range, 2–24 months). Median survival was 8 months (range: 3 - 28 months). Conclusions: Treatment of surgery- and radiotherapy-refractory recurrent meningioma with α-interferon is relatively well tolerated and modestly effective. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Tumor-Specific Transplantation Antigen(s) of Bovine Adenoviruses&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B Panigrahy, K J McCormick, J J Trentin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Protection against bovine adenovirus type 3-induced primary or transplantable tumors was studied in hamsters immunized with bovine adenoviruses, human adenovirus type 12 (A-12), simian adenovirus type 7 (SA7), or chicken-embryo-lethal-orphan (CELO) virus. Newborn hamsters inoculated with 2.3 times 10-5 plaqueforming units of bovine adenovirus type 3 were given injections of bovine serotypes 1, 2, or 3 during the latent period of tumor development. No hamsters immunized with type 3 and only 47% of those inoculated with types 1 or 2 developed tumors as compared to a control incidence of 90%. Primary tumors were not prevented when hamsters inoculated at birth with bovine adenovirus type 3 were immunized during the latent period with A-12, SA7, or CELO, even though 10-100 times more infectious virus was used. When adult hamsters were given injections of the bovine adenoviruses on 3 successive weeks and then challenged with graded doses of tumor cells, the three serotypes produced a 20-fold to 200-fold increase in the 50% tumor-producing dose of tumor cells. These studies indicate that bovine adenoviruses types 1, 2, and 3 induce cross-reactive transplantation antigens which, however, do not cross-react with those induced by oncogenic adenoviruses of either avian, simian, or human origin.
Impact of guideline conform local-regional treatment on survival of breast cancer patients: An analyses of the BRENDA-study group
Authors: C. Kurzeder, J. König, M. Wischnewsky, K. Koretz, P. Möller, T. Wiegel, H. J. Brambs, M. Blettner, R. Kreienberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

612 Background: The influence of consensus recommendations and guidelines for local-regional therapy of early breast cancer on survival of patients is still not clear. We therefore sought to explore whether adherence to evidence based practice guidelines can improve outcome of the disease. Methods: The study population includes 2,680 patients who received primary therapy for early breast cancer at the University of Ulm Medical School. Patients were categorized according to guideline adherence and the influence on survival was calculated by Cox proportional hazard analyses. Model adjustments include prognostic factors, type of treatment, age, and co-existing morbidity. Results: Overtreatment with mastectomy (ME) and non-undertreatment with ME were associated with increased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] =2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47–2.71, HR=1.46, CI 1.12 - 1.92, respectively); however, a non-significant increase in risk was calculated after model adjustment for postoperative irradiation. Overall survival was significantly reduced in patients undertreated by inadequate axillary surgery (HR=1.83, CI 1.16 - 2.89). Strongest effects on survival were calculated for treatment by guideline conform postoperative irradiation. In patients treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) guideline conform postoperative irradiation was associated with a significant reduction in risk of death when compared with undertreatment by omission of irradiation (HR=0.42, CI 0.31 - 0.57). Furthermore non-undertreatment by irradiation post ME as indicated by guidelines significantly reduced the risk of death (HR=0.50, CI 0.35 - 0.70). A nonsignificant reduction in risk of death was recorded for patients overtreated by non-indicated irradiation postmastectomy. Conclusions: Violation of treatment guidelines for axillary surgery and for postoperative irradiation is clearly associated with a deterioration of prognosis. Our findings also support the current practice of BCS with only a small fraction of patients gaining benefit from ME. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Vinblastine Sulfate: Metaphase Arrest, Inhibition of RNA Synthesis, and Cytotoxicity in Novikoff Rat Hepatoma Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Peter G. W. Plagemann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Novikoff rat hepatoma cells (subline N1S1-67) growing in suspension culture were incubated with various concentrations of vinblastine sulfate and analyzed for “cell viability”by vital staining with trypan blue and trypsin sensitivity, for mitotic index, and the capacity to incorporate 3H-uridine into the nucleotide pool and RNA. Treatment with 0.001-0.1 mM vinblastine sulfate caused metaphase arrest without affecting cell viability for at least 8 hours and without significantly inhibiting RNA synthesis for several hours. At higher concentrations (0.2–0.6 mM), vinblastine sulfate caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the incorporation of 3Huridine into the acid-soluble nucleotide pool and into RNA, and also inhibited the conversion of ribosomal precursor RNA into ribosomal RNA. These inhibitions were probably related to a direct cytotoxic effect, since at these concentrations the drug also caused a dissolution of the nuclei, precipitation of intracellular material, and subsequent cell death; metaphase arrest was not observed.
PTH-296 Validation of nomogram to calculate disease free survival in colon cancer in uk population
Authors: MA Kazem, AU Khan, CR Selvasekar
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Currently, the Dukes and AJCC TNM staging systems are widely used to predict survival from colon cancer and assist with clinical decision making. The Memorial Sloan Kettering cancer Centre (MSKCC) nomogram has been developed as an adjunct to these, to predict the five and ten year recurrence free survival probability for patients who had curative resection for colon cancer. The aim of this study is to externally validate the MSKCC nomogram in the UK population, and determine its usefulness. <h3>Method</h3> The colon cancer database from a district general hospital in England was used to extract all patients who had a curative colon cancer resection. Inclusion criteria were all patients who had curative elective colon cancer resection over a five year period. Patients included in the study were followed up for up to ten years. Variables required for the nomogram were: age, sex, tumour location, CEA levels, T stage, positive lymph nodes, negative lymph nodes, tumour differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and whether post-operative chemotherapy was given. Five and ten year predictions were calculated for each patient, and plotted against the actual recurrence using a Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) was calculated for both the five and ten year nomogram. Two cut off points were identified for each nomogram, and this helped to stratify our cohort into three risk groups depending on risk of recurrence. <h3>Results</h3> 138 patients were included in the study. 49.2% were males with mean age of 69.47 years (SD= 10.81). Overall five year recurrence rate was 26.8% with a mean follow up of 60.24 months (SD= 38.6). 118 patients were included in the five year nomogram validation, and 102 patients were included in the ten year nomogram validation. A ROC curve was plotted for both the five and ten year nomogram and AUC was calculated. For the five year nomogram AUC was 0.673, and for the ten year nomogram AUC was 0.687. Two cut off points were identified for each nomogram and this allowed the groups to be stratified into low, medium and high risk for recurrence. Cox regression showed a significant difference between all groups for both nomograms. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The MSKCC colon cancer nomogram was validated in our cohort, but is recommended to be used in conjunction with AJCC TNM staging system. The use of risk groups to stratify patients may allow the nomogram to be used simply and effectively in clinical practice. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Induction of Fibrosarcomas in Rabbits by Polyoma Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Lehman, John M., Defendi, Vittorio
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Journal Article Induction of Fibrosarcomas in Rabbits by Polyoma Virus Get access John M. Lehman, John M. Lehman Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Vittorio Defendi Vittorio Defendi Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 44, Issue 1, January 1970, Pages 125–132, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/44.1.125 Published: 01 January 1970 Article history Received: 17 June 1969 Accepted: 19 September 1969 Published: 01 January 1970
Phase III randomized trial comparing cisplatin and carboplatin with or without ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. European Lung Cancer Working Party.
Authors: J P Sculier, M Paesmans, J Thiriaux, J Lecomte, G Bureau, V Giner, A Efremidis, J J Lafitte, M C Berchier, C G Alexopoulos, C Zacharias, P Mommen, V Ninane, J Klastersky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE A phase III randomized trial in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was performed to determine if the addition of ifosfamide to moderate-dose cisplatin and carboplatin improved response rate (primary end point) and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 529 patients were randomized to receive a combination of moderate-dose carboplatin (200 mg/m2 intravenously [i.v.] on day 1) and cisplatin (30 mg/m2 i.v. on days 2 and 3) with (CCI arm) or without (CC arm) ifosfamide (1.5 g/m2 i.v. on days 1 to 3). There were 248 eligible patients on the CC arm and 257 on the CCI arm, with 220 and 238 patients assessable for response, respectively. All but 23 had stage IV disease with pleural effusion. RESULTS There was a 16% objective response (OR) rate to CC and a 31% OR rate to CCI. That observed difference was highly statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001). Duration of response and survival were not statistically different between arms. The CCI regimen was associated with significantly more acute toxicities: emesis, alopecia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The frequency of chronic renal, auditive, and peripheral neurologic toxicity was low in both arms (4.6% and 6.6%, respectively, after six courses of chemotherapy). The relative dose-intensity (RDI) of the CCI arm was significantly lower than that of the CC arm. CONCLUSION The addition of ifosfamide to moderate-dose cisplatin and carboplatin significantly improves the antitumoral response rate, but has no apparent effect an survival in advanced NSCLC.
Sequences of primate insulin genes support the hypothesis of a slower rate of molecular evolution in humans and apes than in monkeys.
Authors: S Seino, G I Bell, W H Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1992)

The chimpanzee and African green monkey insulin genes have been cloned and sequenced. These two sequences together with the previously reported sequences for the human and owl monkey insulin genes provide additional support for the hominoid-rate-slowdown hypothesis, i.e., a slower rate of nucleotide substitution in humans and apes than in monkeys. When these sequences and other primate sequences available for the relative-rate test were considered together, the substitution rate in the Old World monkey lineage was shown to be significantly higher than the rates in the human and chimpanzee lineages. This was true regardless of whether the eta-globin pseudogene was included in the analysis. Therefore, in contrast to the claim by Easteal, the hominoid-rate-slowdown is not unique to the eta-globin pseudogene but appears to be a rather general phenomenon. On average, the substitution rate at silent sites is about 1.5 times higher in the Old World monkey lineage than in the human and chimpanzee lineages.
Genetic lineage tracing discloses arteriogenesis as the main mechanism for collateral growth in the mouse heart
Authors: Lingjuan He, Qiaozhen Liu, Tianyuan Hu, Xiuzhen Huang, Hui Zhang, Xueying Tian, Yan Yan, Li Wang, Yu Huang, Lucile Miquerol, Joshua D. Wythe, Bin Zhou
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

Capillary and arterial endothelial cells share many common molecular markers in both the neonatal and adult hearts. Herein, we aim to establish a genetic tool that distinguishes these two types of vessels in order to determine the cellular mechanism underlying collateral artery formation. Using Apln-GFP and Apln-LacZ reporter mice, we demonstrate that APLN expression is enriched in coronary vascular endothelial cells. However, APLN expression is reduced in coronary arterial endothelial cells. Genetic lineage tracing, using an Apln-CreER mouse line, robustly labelled capillary endothelial cells, but not arterial endothelial cells. We leveraged this differential activity of Apln-CreER to study collateral artery formation following myocardial infarction (MI). In a neonatal heart MI model, we found that Apln-CreER-labelled capillary endothelial cells do not contribute to the large collateral arteries. Instead, these large collateral arteries mainly arise from pre-existing, infrequently labelled coronary arteries, indicative of arteriogenesis. Furthermore, in an adult heart MI model, Apln-CreER activity also distinguishes large and small diameter arteries from capillaries. Lineage tracing in this setting demonstrated that most large and small coronary arteries in the infarcted myocardium and border region are derived not from capillaries, but from pre-existing arteries. Apln-CreER-mediated lineage tracing distinguishes capillaries from large arteries, in both the neonatal and adult hearts. Through genetic fate mapping, we demonstrate that pre-existing arteries, but not capillaries, extensively contribute to collateral artery formation following myocardial injury. These results suggest that arteriogenesis is the major mechanism underlying collateral vessel formation.
Does personal hygiene protect from asthma
Authors: Juliane Weber, Sabina Illi, Dennis Nowak, Rudolf Schierl, Otto Holst, Erika Von Mutius, Markus Johannes Ege
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: The increase of asthma and allergies has been linked to the improvement of hygiene standards in affluent populations. However, it has never been shown that personal hygiene and domestic cleanliness relate to asthma and allergic diseases.

Objectives: To assess the impact of personal hygiene behaviour and domestic hygiene on asthma.

Methods: From 399 participants of the urban PAULA birth cohort study in Munich we collected comprehensive questionnaire information on personal and domestic hygiene and health outcomes at school age. We further measured bacterial biomarkers in house dust. Since maternal education level was substantially related to personal hygiene, we modelled personal hygiene as a propensity score for maternal education depending on hygiene related behaviours such as washing hands after having played outdoors, frequency of wiping dust or using washing powder. Associations with asthma were calculated by logistic regression and adjusted for sex, number of siblings and pet keeping.

Results: We found an inverse association of a life time diagnosis of asthma and muramic acid levels in floor dust (aOR 0.60, 95%-CI 0.38-0.91, P = 0.018). Similarly the personal hygiene score was inversely related to an asthma diagnosis (aOR 0.11, 95%-CI 0.02-0.74, P = 0.023). Both effects were mutually independent. The effect of personal hygiene was not confounded by sex, number of siblings or pet keeping.

Conclusion: Personal hygiene as modelled by a propensity score and domestic hygiene as measured by indoor levels of muramic acid may contribute to development of childhood asthma. It remains unclear whether these determinants carry the effect or whether they are proxies for other hygiene related exposures such as clinical infections.
Short course dose-dense (dd) epirubicin (E) and cyclophosphamide (C) as neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II-IIIA breast cancer (BC)
Authors: P. G. Vigneri, G. L. Banna, G. Novello, N. Restuccia, E. Salomone, G. Privitera, S. Gangi, F. Ferraù, C. Buscarino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

11543 Background: Neo-adjuvant anthracycline (A)- and taxane (T)-based chemotherapy has become a standard option for primary operable BC patients (pts) who are candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy, irrespective of the size of the tumor. However, the addition of T is not an established adjuvant treatment in N0 tumors. Aim of this study was to evaluate response and tolerability of a short course of neo- adjuvant dd-EC-based chemotherapy in clinical stage II-IIIA BC. Methods: In a prospective phase II study, women with histologically confirmed diagnosis of BC, aged 18–75 years, clinical stage T2-T3 and N0–1, were treated with 4 cycles of intravenous E 90 mg/m2 d1/q14 and C 600 mg/m2 d1/q14. PEG-filgrastim (PEG-F) was given on day 2 of each cycle. Following surgery, responding pts with pathological N0 tumors received 3 to 4 cycles of adjuvant EC q21. Unresponsive or pN1 pts received paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 weekly for 12 weeks. Overall response rate and toxicity were the primary endpoints of the study. Results: Sixteen women were evaluable, median age 50 years (range, 35–69), cT2/T3 (9/7 pts), cN0/N1 (9/7 pts), Hormone Receptors ± (6/10 pts), HER-2 0–1+/2+/3+ (12/2/2 pts). No haematological toxicity was observed. Grade (G) 1 and 2 nausea and/or vomiting were reported in 9 (56%) and 2 (12.5%) pts respectively; G1 diarrhea in 1 pt (6%); PEG-F-related G1 osteomyalgia in 3 pts (19%) and cephalagia in 1 pt (6%). Responses to ddEC are reported in the table below. Median time from biopsy to surgery was 2.7 months (range, 1.7–3.7). Of the 9 cN0 pts, 7 were confirmed pN0 (3 ypTx, 2 ypT1c, 1 ypT2) and did not receive T as adjuvant treatment. The remaining 2 pts were ypN1c and ypN2a and received adjuvant T. None of the 7 pts with cN1 tumors achieved nodal clearance. Conclusions: A short course of neoadjuvant dd A-based chemotherapy is well tolerated and effective in cN0 pts, where it may allow an earlier surgery and pathology-based decisions on adjuvant chemotherapy. Response N. pts % of Total CR 4 25 PR 7 44 SD 4 25 PD 1 6 Breast-Conserving Surgery 6 37.5 pCR 3 19 pN0 7 44 CR= Complete Response; PR = Partial Response; SD = Stable Disease; PD= Progressive Disease No significant financial relationships to disclose.