tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid Endothelial Cell–Selective Loading of Connexin 40 Antibody Blocks Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor Dilation in Rat Small Mesenteric Arteries
Authors: Simon Mather, Kim A. Dora, Shaun L. Sandow, Polly Winter, Christopher J. Garland
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

In resistance arteries, spread of hyperpolarization from the endothelium to the adjacent smooth muscle is suggested to be a crucial component of dilation resulting from endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). To probe the role of endothelial gap junctions in EDHF-mediated dilation, we developed a method, which was originally used to load membrane impermeant molecules into cells in culture, to load connexin (Cx)-specific inhibitory molecules rapidly (≈15 minutes) into endothelial cells within isolated, pressurized mesenteric arteries of the rat. Validation was achieved by luminally loading cell-impermeant fluorescent dyes selectively into virtually all the arterial endothelial cells, without affecting either tissue morphology or function. The endothelial monolayer served as an effective barrier, preventing macromolecules from entering the underlying smooth muscle cells. Using this technique, endothelial cell loading either with antibodies to the intracellular carboxyl-terminal region of Cx40 (residues 340 to 358) or mimetic peptide for the cytoplasmic loop (Cx40; residues 130 to 140) each markedly depressed EDHF-mediated dilation. In contrast, multiple antibodies directed against different intracellular regions of Cx37 and Cx43, and mimetic peptide for the intracellular loop region of Cx37, were each without effect. Furthermore, simultaneous intra- and extraluminal incubation of pressurized arteries with inhibitory peptides targeted against extracellular regions of endothelial cell Cxs ( 43 Gap 26, 40 Gap 27, and 37,43 Gap 27; 300 μmol/L each) for 2 hours also failed to modify the EDHF response. High-resolution immunohistochemistry localized Cx40 to the end of endothelial cell projections at myoendothelial gap junctions. These data directly demonstrate a critical role for Cx40 in EDHF-mediated dilation of rat mesenteric arteries.
Emergency Blood Digoxin Level Measurement
Authors: L. Julian Haywood
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  In a recent issue ofThe Journal, a query by Adalberto Mendoza, MD (243:1275, 1980), regarding availability of blood digoxin levels is answered appropriately by Jay N. Cohn, MD.  There is one point deserving emphasis that is at variance with the statement in reply that serious cases of arrhythmia would likely receive the same treatment regardless of whether digitalis is present. This point is that a major hazard for the patient is the likelihood of receiving digitalis for supraventricular arrhythmias when, in fact, the arrhythmia could be digitalis induced; if the clinician knows that the patient has received digitalis (ie, a detectable blood level is present), clinical judgment would dictate the use of alternative therapy. Knowing the exact level of digoxin in the blood is somewhat less helpful in making this distinction, although a general correlation with high levels and toxic effects is well established.  A specific
570 IFN-a BLOCKADE PROTECTS THE LIVER FROM ISCHEMIA–REPERFUSION INJURY BY INHIBITING APOPTOSIS VIA REDUCED IN IRF-1 EXPRESSION
Authors: O. Yoshida, A. Castellaneta, S. Kimura, A. Tsung, A. Di Leo, N. Murase, A.W. Thomson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Efficacy of combination treatment with anti-IgE plus specific immunotherapy in polysensitized children and adolescents with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Joachim Kuehr, Jens Brauburger, Stefan Zielen, Uwe Schauer, Wolfgang Kamin, Andrea Von Berg, Wolfgang Leupold, Karl-Christian Bergmann, Claudia Rolinck-Werninghaus, Michael Gräve, Thomas Hultsch, Ulrich Wahn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Increased and prolonged inflammation and angiogenesis in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions elicited in the skin of thrombospondin-2–deficient mice
Authors: Bernhard Lange-Asschenfeldt, Wolfgang Weninger, Paula Velasco, Themis R. Kyriakides, Ulrich H. von Andrian, Paul Bornstein, Michael Detmar
Journal: Blood (2002)
Polymorphism across an exon-intron boundary in an avian Mhc class II B gene
Authors: D. Garrigan, S. V. Edwards
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Twenty-three sequence haplotypes spanning the boundary of the second exon and intron of a red-winged blackbird Mhc class II B gene, Agph-DAB1, are presented. The polymorphism of the exon segment is distributed in two divergent allelic lineages which appear to be maintained by balancing selection. The silent nucleotide diversity of the exon (pi = 0.101) is more than five times that of the intron (pi = 0.018) and decays rapidly across the exon-intron boundary. Additionally, genealogical reconstruction indicates that divergence from a common ancestor in the exon sample is over four times that of the intron. The intron sequences reveal a pattern of polymorphism which is characteristic of directional selection, rather than a pattern expected from linkage to a balanced polymorphism. These results suggest that the evolutionary histories of these two adjacent regions have been disassociated by recombination or gene conversion. The estimated population recombination parameter between the exon and the intron is sufficiently high (4NeC = 8.545) to explain the homogenization of intron sequences. Compatibility analyses estimate that these events primarily occur from the exon-intron boundary to about 20-30 bases into the intron. Additionally, the observation that divergent exon alleles share identical intron sequence supports the conclusion of disassociation of exon and intron evolutionary histories by recombination.
Long-Term Survival Rates of Patients With Prostate Cancer in the Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening Era: Population-Based Estimates for the Year 2000 by Period Analysis
Authors: Hermann Brenner, Volker Arndt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

In the era of widespread prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, a large proportion of older men have to live with a diagnosis of prostate cancer. In this study, we applied a new method for up-to-date analysis of long-term survival to evaluate if and to what extent these patients still have any excess mortality compared to the general population.Five- and 10-year absolute and relative survival rates for the year 2000 were derived from the 1973 to 2000 database of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program using the recently introduced period analysis methodology.Overall, 5- and 10-year relative survival rates were approximately 99% and 95%; that is, excess mortality compared with the general population was as low as 1% and 5% within 5 and 10 years following diagnosis, respectively. Two-thirds of patients were diagnosed with well or moderately differentiated localized/regional prostate cancer, and among these patients, 5- and 10-year relative survival rates were above 100% (indicating the lack of any excess mortality) at all ages.While the value of PSA screening for lowering mortality due to prostate cancer remains to be shown by randomized clinical trials, the majority of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in the PSA screening era do not have excess mortality compared to the general population under current patterns of medical care. This information may be important for both clinical management of, and for patients' coping with, the disease.
Disease stratification in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the dawn of a new era?
Authors: Toby M. Maher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Measurement of serum LOXL2 brings the prospect of stratified medicine one step closer for patients with IPF http://ow.ly/tv6VQResearch into idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been rapidly gathering pace over the past few years.This has been driven by a number of important factors, including the establishment of both clinical and basic science research networks, growing involvement of the pharmaceutical industry, and an exponential rise in the recruitment of patients into clinical trials [1,2].These changes have resulted in an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and have culminated in the licensing, in Europe, of the first IPFspecific therapy, pirfenidone.However, the dismal prognosis for sufferers of the disease remains, as yet, unchanged.Why is this?And, more importantly, what can be done to improve survival for individuals with IPF?
The role of TNFalpha and lymphotoxin in demyelinating disease
Authors: Christopher Lock, Jorge Oksenberg, Lawrence Steinman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

The HuGeneFL probe array is a high density, single chip array with over 6000 genes represented.Full length genes were selected from UniGene, GenBank, and TIGR databases by AVymetrix.TNF , LT, TNF receptors, and a number of genes involved in TNF signalling pathways are represented on the array.The role of TNF and lymphotoxin in demyelinating disease I125
The Diagnostic Decision-Making Process: Factors Influencing Diagnosis and Changes in Diagnosis
Authors: DAVID J. FITZGIBBONS, DEAN T. HOKANSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

In their study of four groups of patients diagnosed as either psychotic or nonpsychotic, the authors found that disturbed ideation and disordered speech content were the two most important diagnostic considerations and that in the absence of such widely used indicators of differential diagnosis, prognostic inferences were given undue weight. They suggest that when a patient's diagnostic status is ambiguous, special attention should be given to clinical observations of such categories as forms of speech, motor activity, and object relations instead of to subjective impressions, which tend to be misleading.
Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: ISPOCD1 study
Authors: JT Moller, P Cluitmans, LS Rasmussen, P Houx, H Rasmussen, J Canet, P Rabbitt, J Jolles, K Larsen, CD Hanning, O Langeron, T Johnson, PM Lauven, PA Kristensen, A Biedler, H van Beem, O Fraidakis, JH Silverstein, JEW Beneken, JS Gravenstein
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
Reducing assembly complexity of microbial genomes with single-molecule sequencing
Authors: Sergey Koren, Gregory P Harhay, Timothy PL Smith, James L Bono, Dayna M Harhay, Scott D Mcvey, Diana Radune, Nicholas H Bergman, Adam M Phillippy
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Background: The short reads output by first- and second-generation DNA sequencing instruments cannot completely reconstruct microbial chromosomes. Therefore, most genomes have been left unfinished due to the significant resources required to manually close gaps in draft assemblies. Third-generation, single-molecule sequencing addresses this problem by greatly increasing sequencing read length, which simplifies the assembly problem. Results: To measure the benefit of single-molecule sequencing on microbial genome assembly, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of six bacteria and analyzed the repeat complexity of 2,267 complete bacteria and archaea. Our results indicate that the majority of known bacterial and archaeal genomes can be assembled without gaps, at finished-grade quality, using a single PacBio RS sequencing library. These single-library assemblies are also more accurate than typical short-read assemblies and hybrid assemblies of short and long reads. Conclusions: Automated assembly of long, single-molecule sequencing data reduces the cost of microbial finishing to $1,000 for most genomes, and future advances in this technology are expected to drive the cost lower. This is expected to increase the number of completed genomes, improve the quality of microbial genome databases, and enable high-fidelity, population-scale studies of pan-genomes and chromosomal organization.
International Day for the Evaluation of Abdominal Obesity (IDEA)
Authors: Beverley Balkau, John E. Deanfield, Jean-Pierre Després, Jean-Pierre Bassand, Keith A.A. Fox, Sidney C. Smith, Philip Barter, Chee-Eng Tan, Luc Van Gaal, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Christine Massien, Steven M. Haffner
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Abdominal adiposity is a growing clinical and public health problem. It is not known whether it is similarly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus in different regions around the world, and thus whether measurement of waist circumference (WC) in addition to body mass index (BMI) is useful in primary care practice. Methods and Results— Randomly chosen primary care physicians in 63 countries recruited consecutive patients aged 18 to 80 years on 2 prespecified half days. WC and BMI were measured and the presence of CVD and diabetes mellitus recorded. Of the patients who consulted the primary care physicians, 97% agreed to participate in the present study. Overall, 24% of 69 409 men and 27% of 98 750 women were obese (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ). A further 40% and 30% of men and women, respectively, were overweight (BMI 25 to 30 kg/m 2 ). Increased WC (&gt;102 for men and &gt;88 cm for women) was recorded in 29% and 48%, CVD in 16% and 13%, and diabetes mellitus in 13% and 11% of men and women, respectively. A statistically significant graded increase existed in the frequency of CVD and diabetes mellitus with both BMI and WC, with a stronger relationship for WC than for BMI across regions for both genders. This relationship between WC, CVD, and particularly diabetes mellitus was seen even in lean patients (BMI&lt;25 kg/m 2 ). Conclusions— Among men and women who consulted primary care physicians, BMI and particularly WC were both strongly linked to CVD and especially to diabetes mellitus. Strategies to address this global problem are required to prevent an epidemic of these major causes of morbidity and mortality.
Disturbances in Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism
Authors: I. A. D. Bouchier
Journal: Gut (1978)

The weaknesses are scanty and well localised.For instance, in one of the home team's contributions, claiming to show a reduction of gliadin toxicity by enzymic cleavage of a carbohydrate side chain, the key to the symbols in the figures is defective, nullifying detailed interpretation.The chief strength is that this is a faith- ful piece of reporting, conveying the atmosphere in the discussions as well as accurately presenting the papers.
Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in hepatic cirrhosis before and after portacaval shunt operation
Authors: G. B. Porro, A. T. Maiolo, P. D. Porta
Journal: Gut (1969)

It has been demonstrated that cardiac output and pulmonary, gastroduodenal, pancreatic, and splenic blood flow increases after portacaval shunt operations. This report concerns a study of cerebral haemodynamics and metabolism in eight patients with cirrhosis of the liver, examined both before and after portacaval surgical anastomosis. The patients were fully alert and orientated to mental and neurological examination at all times. In each subject the cerebral blood flow, cerebral vascular resistance, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and of glucose, and glucose/oxygen quotient were determined. This investigation showed that a portacaval shunt operation is followed by a significant increase in the cerebral blood flow and a significant decrease in the cerebral vascular resistances. No important variation in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen was observed, but both the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose and the glucose: oxygen quotient showed significant increases. The presence of toxic substances which, shunting the liver, enter the general circulation could be the cause of the increased cerebral blood flow, while the increase in the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose could result from a greater cerebral detoxication, for example, the cerebral synthesis of glutamine.
Toward a Neuroimaging Treatment Selection Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Callie L. McGrath, Mary E. Kelley, Paul E. Holtzheimer, Boadie W. Dunlop, W. Edward Craighead, Alexandre R. Franco, R. Cameron Craddock, Helen S. Mayberg
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Currently, fewer than 40% of patients treated for major depressive disorder achieve remission with initial treatment. Identification of a biological marker that might improve these odds could have significant health and economic impact. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify a candidate neuroimaging “treatment-specific biomarker” that predicts differential outcome to either medication or psychotherapy. <h3>Design</h3> Brain glucose metabolism was measured with positron emission tomography prior to treatment randomization to either escitalopram oxalate or cognitive behavior therapy for 12 weeks. Patients who did not remit on completion of their phase 1 treatment were offered enrollment in phase 2 comprising an additional 12 weeks of treatment with combination escitalopram and cognitive behavior therapy. <h3>Setting</h3> Mood and anxiety disorders research program at an academic medical center. <h3>Participants</h3> Men and women aged 18 to 60 years with currently untreated major depressive disorder. <h3>Intervention</h3> Randomized assignment to 12 weeks of treatment with either escitalopram oxalate (10-20 mg/d) or 16 sessions of manual-based cognitive behavior therapy. <h3>Main Outcome and Measure</h3> Remission, defined as a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of 7 or less at both weeks 10 and 12, as assessed by raters blinded to treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Positive and negative predictors of remission were identified with a 2-way analysis of variance treatment (escitalopram or cognitive behavior therapy) × outcome (remission or nonresponse) interaction. Of 65 protocol completers, 38 patients with clear outcomes and usable positron emission tomography scans were included in the primary analysis: 12 remitters to cognitive behavior therapy, 11 remitters to escitalopram, 9 nonresponders to cognitive behavior therapy, and 6 nonresponders to escitalopram. Six limbic and cortical regions were identified, with the right anterior insula showing the most robust discriminant properties across groups (effect size = 1.43). Insula hypometabolism (relative to whole-brain mean) was associated with remission to cognitive behavior therapy and poor response to escitalopram, while insula hypermetabolism was associated with remission to escitalopram and poor response to cognitive behavior therapy. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> If verified with prospective testing, the insula metabolism-based treatment-specific biomarker defined in this study provides the first objective marker, to our knowledge, to guide initial treatment selection for depression. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00367341)
ECZEMA MAMMARUM SYMMETRICUM. CLINICAL STUDY.
Authors: Roman Leszczynski
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1939)

Journal Article ECZEMA MAMMARUM SYMMETRICUM. CLINICAL STUDY. Get access Roman Leszczynski Roman Leszczynski Lwów, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 51, Issue 7, 1 July 1939, Pages 301–312, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1939.tb10789.x Published: 01 July 1939
Spatial epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt: Analyses and implications
Authors: Diego F. Cuadros, Adam J. Branscum, DeWolfe F. Miller, Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Egypt has the highest hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in the world (14.7%). The drivers of the HCV epidemic in Egypt are not well understood, but the mass parenteral antischistosomal therapy (PAT) campaigns in the second half of the 20th century are believed to be the determinant of the high prevalence. We studied HCV exposure in Egypt at a microscale through spatial mapping and epidemiological description of HCV clustering. The source of data was the 2008 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey. We identified clusters with high and low HCV prevalence and high and low PAT exposure using Kulldorff spatial scan statistics. Correlations across clusters were estimated, and each cluster age-specific HCV prevalence was described. We identified six clusters of high HCV prevalence, three clusters of low HCV prevalence, five clusters of high PAT exposure, and four clusters of low PAT exposure. HCV prevalence and PAT exposure were not significantly associated across clusters (Pearson correlation coefficient [PCC] = 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.12 to 0.71). Meanwhile, there was a strong association between HCV prevalence in individuals older than 30 years of age (who could have been exposed to PAT) and HCV prevalence in individuals 30 years of age or younger (who could not have been exposed to PAT) (PCC = 0.81; 95% CI 0.55-0.93). The findings illustrate a spatial variation in HCV exposure in Egypt. The observed clustering was suggestive of an array of iatrogenic risk factors, besides past PAT exposure, and ongoing transmission. The role of PAT exposure in the HCV epidemic could have been overstated. Our findings support the rationale for spatially prioritized interventions.
The issue of dynamic hyperinflation in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients
Authors: A. Vieillard-Baron, F. Jardin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Dynamic hyperinflation is produced by a diffuse expiratory flow limitation impairing exhalation under mechanical ventilation. It constitutes a serious clinical problem in patients exhibiting bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, when mechanical ventilation is required. But this phenomenon may also complicate respiratory support in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. The presence of diffuse airflow limitation in ARDS patients has sometimes been noticed in the past, but its consequences have only recently been emphasised in a dynamic study, using bedside recording of flow/volume loops during respiratory support. More recently, by recording systematically a prolonged expiration, the current authors have observed a localised airflow limitation in a majority of ARDS patients, constituting another potential factor of dynamic hyperinflation under respiratory support. In the same report, the current authors' have emphasised the impact of this limitation on the shape of the pressure/volume loop. At a time when increasing respiratory support is proposed to improve carbon dioxide clearance in acute respiratory distress syndrome submitted to protective ventilation, dynamic hyperinflation may become a major clinical problem in this setting.
Traumatic chylothorax associated with subarachnoid-pleural fistula.
Authors: P C Azambuja, L S Fragomeni
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Chylothorax and subarachnoid-pleural fistula are known to occur separately though not frequently after blunt trauma.We describe a case in which both occurred together-an association which has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously.Case report