tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A pilot crossover study to evaluate the use of Regenecare topical wound gel in patients with cutaneous toxicity caused by epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR) inhibitors
Authors: S. Wong, K. E. Osann, K. P. Lloyd, C. M. Vasko, R. L. Arcinas, M. Mummaneni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

19643 Background: Acneform rash, including pain and pruritus, presents as a dose-limiting toxicity for HER1/EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) inhibitors which can lead to secondary skin infection. Antibiotics and corticosteroids are treatment options with minimal or moderate success. Better rash management is desirable for optimal use of these agents. Regenecare™ Gel contains 2% lidocaine for local pain management, marine collagen to promote tissue formation, aloe vera to promote circulation and emollient effect, and sodium alginate to absorb exudates. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Regenecare™ Gel in relieving the clinical symptoms of HER1/EGFR inhibitors-induced skin rash. The secondary objective assesses patient tolerability and satisfaction. Methods: A single center, prospective pilot cross- over study of 10–15 cancer patients treated with HER1/EGFR inhibitor. At the occurrence of grade 2 skin rash, subjects who signed an informed consent started applying study gel on the right side of the face and then crossed-over to both sides of the face after 1 week. Subjects were examined weekly for facial evaluations and photographs. The study continued for a total of six weeks. Results: Eight patients were enrolled with 6 evaluable (3 cetuximab, 2 panitumumab, 1 erlotinib). A summary of the itch and pain score responses are outlined below. Comparative analysis for Treatment vs. No Treatment show significant improvement with respect to self-reported level of itch (p=0.019) and pain (p=0.033). All patients tolerated the study gel without any adverse effect and 5 patients were very satisfied with the effectiveness of the gel. Conclusions: Regenecare™ Gel appears effective in relieving EGFR inhibitors rash-associated pruritus and pain based on these preliminary analyses. Study is ongoing for further assessment. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]
Differential Expression of Nuclear Retinoid Receptors in Normal and Malignant Prostates
Authors: Yair Lotan, Xiao C. Xu, Moshe Shalev, Reuben Lotan, Russell Williams, Thomas M. Wheeler, Timothy C. Thompson, Dov Kadmon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine (1) whether nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are differentially expressed in normal and in cancerous human prostate tissues and (2) whether oral fenretinide therapy impacts the expression of these receptors in prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In situ hybridization with antisense riboprobes was used to probe for RAR and RXR transcripts in prostate tissues in a two-phased study: (1) expression of retinoid receptors in eight normal prostates was compared with their expression in 10 randomly picked radical prostatectomy specimens (group A); (2) expression of retinoid receptors was determined in 22 radical prostatectomy specimens from participants in a clinical study (group B). Twelve patients received oral fenretinide 200 mg/d, and 10 received placebo pills for 28 days before surgery. RESULTS: RARα, RARγ, RXRα, and RXRγ mRNAs were detected in most normal and cancerous prostates. In group A, RARβ mRNA was expressed in only four of 10 malignant prostates but was present in seven of eight benign prostates (P = .05). RXRβ mRNA was expressed in four of eight benign prostates and in zero of 10 malignant prostates (P = .023). In group B prostates, RARβ and RXRβ mRNAs were markedly reduced in all cancers and in the adjacent, nonmalignant tissue. There were no differences between receptor expression in the fenretinide-treated group and the placebo group. CONCLUSION: RARβ and RXRβ mRNAs are selectively lost in both prostate cancer and adjacent morphologically normal prostatic tissue, supporting the concept of a field of carcinogenesis. One month of oral fenretinide (200 mg/d) did not influence the expression of retinoid receptors in prostate cancer.
Associations between age and quality of life in advanced ovarian cancer.
Authors: A. A. Wright, L. Pereira, M. E. Nilsson, C. Gibson, S. M. Campos, M. Roche, S. T. Berlin, C. N. Krasner, R. T. Penson, U. Matulonis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

5085 Background: Advanced ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival of 25%-30%. Few studies have examined whether age influences advanced ovarian cancer patients' prognostic understanding or quality of life at the time of diagnosis. Methods: Women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer were interviewed using validated measures, including: EORTC QLQ-30 (overall QOL), QLQ-V28 (ovarian cancer specific QOL), MHI-17 (anxiety, depression and global well-being), trust in physician, and fear of recurrence. Associations between patients' age, defined by the sample median, and quality of life, mental health, hopelessness, and prognostic understanding were examined. Results: Sixty-four women, age 40 to 83 were interviewed within 12 weeks of diagnosis. The median age at diagnosis was 61.3 years. There were no differences between older and younger women's self-reported QOL, overall health, anxiety, depression, or trust in their physicians. However, older women were more likely to report that they were cured (66.7% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.04), compared to younger women. Conclusions: Older women with advanced ovarian cancer are less likely to understand that their disease may be incurable. Future studies should investigate how age influences physicians' communication behaviors and patients' understanding of what is communicated. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Urine di-acetyl spermine (DiAcSpm) as a new prognostic marker for colorectal cancer
Authors: K. Takahashi, T. Yamaguchi, H. Matsumoto, M. Yasutome, T. Mori, K. Hiramatsu, M. Kawakita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15115 Background: It is important to identify the highly recurrent group to improve the surgical outcome. Serum CEA is generally examined to detect the recurrence of post-operative colorectal cancer. But we sometimes experience the case which the serum tumor marker is normal unless the recurrence has already occurred. In this paper the significance of urine diacetyl spermine (DiAcSpm) was analysed by comparing with serum CEA for colorectal cancer patients postoperatively. Methods: Three hundred and twenty four patients received colorectal cancer operation from 1999 to 2003 in our hospital. Urine DiAcSpm and serum CEA was examined for every patient pre and post operatively. We divided four grades according to the level of two markers. The grades were as follows; grade 1: less than cut-off value, grade 2: less than 2 times of cut-off value, grade 3: less than 3 times of cut -off value and grade4: more than 3 times of cut-off value. Results: The cases were 24 for stage 0, 43 for stage 1, 81 for stage 2, 118 for stage 3, and 58 for stage 4.The distribution of DiAcSpm and CEA was 27%, 57% for grade1, 28%, 17% for grade2, 19%, 5% for grade3 and 26%, 21% for grade4. The majority was occupied in grade1 for serum CEA. Each 5 year survival rate from pre-operative grading between DiAcSpm and CEA was 72%, 80% for grade1, 80%, 64% for grade2, 64%, 77% for grade3, and 51%, 38% for grade4. The grading of DiAcSpm was more excellent than CEA to estimate the patient's prognosis. After 6 months from colorectal cancer operation we examined urine DiAcSpm. The 5 year survival rate of DiAcSpm after 6 months from the primary operation was 84% for grade 1, 71% for grade 2, 40% for grade 3 and 0% for grade 4.The grading of urine DiAcSpm after 6 months showed the exact progosis more clearly than that of preoperative value. Conclusions: Urine DiAcSpm is a more effective prognostic marker than serum CEA. The grading of urine DiAcSpm after 6 months from the primary operation indicates the exact progosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Impact of tobacco smoking on anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes
Authors: Evelina Lesnic, Vasile Zlepca
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for developing active TB, relapse and death. Aim Assessing the influence of cigarette smoking on anti-TB treatment outcome. Design Case-control study included 285 new pulmonary TB cases, distributed in study group-206 TB cases active smokers and control group- 79 never-smoking TB cases. Results: men 79%vs61%, average age 35,2 vs 40,3yrs, age distribution 18-44 years 84%vs79%; >44 years 16% vs.21%; light smokers ( 20PY)-7,9%. Social characteristics: urban residence 75%vs58% (p<0,05), unemployment 76%vs62% (p<0,05), single status 57%vs48%, low life conditions 60%vs41%(p<0,05). Cronic alcohol consumers were 54%vs 4% (p<0,001) and drug users 2%vs0%. TB related features: late TB detection 56%vs48%, onset complications 29% vs14%(p<0,05) (hemoptysis 13%vs3%, pneumothorax 4%vs0%, pleurisy12%vs5%). Severe forms with bilateral localization 79%vs.27% (p<0,05), lung destructions 67%vs23%(p<0,05), disseminated TB 14% vs.7%. Microscopic smear positive were 74%vs46%(p<0,05). Patients were informed about smoking cessation improves treatment outcome, but no psychological or drug interventions were done. Only 6% stopped smoking due to dyspnoea. All cases were treated under DOTS with treatment results: succes 46%vs82% (p<0,001), failed 12%vs4%(p<0,05), defaulted 12% vs.0% (p<0,001), died 29%vs14%(p<0,05). Conclusions:low success rate and high mortality rate suggest the integration of tobacco smoking cessation techniques in the TB-treatment especially in low social status cases with chronic alcohol consumption.
Doxil in breast cancer.
Authors: F M Muggia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.2.811 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9469384 Doxil in breast cancer. F M MuggiaxF M MuggiaSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.2.811 PDF "Doxil in breast cancer.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16(2), pp. 811–812© 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Prospective evaluation of factors associated with delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis (CINE) in patients (pts) with breast cancer (BC) receiving adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy (ABCT).
Authors: D. A. Andrade, F. M. Carcano, M. R. Teixeira, J. C. Gomes, D. Schroeter, J. S. Nunes, F. H. Souza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e19677 Background: Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment related side effects for cancer pts. The prevention of delayed CINE has proven more problematic. The emetogenic potential of ABCT is moderate to high. This trial sought to prospectively determine the factors associated with delayed nausea and vomiting with ABCT in a tertiary cancer hospital in Brazil. Methods: Women with BC treated as outpatient with ABCT were included in this study. Data on pts identification date of administration, CT regimen, and pre- and postchemotherapy antiemetic orders were documented. On discharge, pts were given a survey tool that recorded nausea and vomiting scales and the use of antiemetic medication at home. These were based on tools that were validated by Melzack et.al. Questions about emesis and nausea were requested in 24-hour periods for a total of 5 days, beginning in the first day postchemotherapy. Pts could return the form at their next clinic appointment. We perform a logistic regression model to evaluate the variables that could be associated with delayed CINE. Nausea and emesis were the independent variables. Results: Pts 105; evaluable 103 pts; mean age = 48.3 years (24-70). Although most CT administration (62%) was not complicated by emesis during the 5 days of observation, only 47% were free of nausea. The oncologist did not offer oral antiemetic drugs (OAD) home-taken to 54 pts. No pts received neurokinin receptor antagonist because of the high price acquisition. There is a subgroup of pts with high index of emesis (19.5%), mean number of emesis episodes= 13.1 (SD±7.5). Many of this subgroup did not have received a full medical order (dexamethasone + metoclopramide) to use of OAD for home. In a logistic regression model, the use of OAD was associated as a factor of protection (p = 0.000). This model was adjusted by age and by total score of nausea and vomiting. Conclusions: A moderate compliance with delayed CINE was seen. Our results confirm the importance of the use of OAD in clinical practice. The use of OAD to all ABCT as an institutional routine would help to improve delayed CINE in our hospital. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of intracellular nucleoside triphosphate levels
Authors: Ping Chen, Zhongfa Liu, Josephine aimiuwu, Zhiliang Xie, Shujun Liu, Guido Marcucci, Kenneth Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

3146  Purpose: Many anticancer drugs such as cytarabine and gemicitabine interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis and/or their nucleotides (NTPs) and deoxynucleotides (dNTPs) precursors. The determination of NTP and dNTP pools is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their actions and chemoresistance. Herein we developed a non-radioactive, sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method to quantify intracellular NTP and dNTP pools to assess their alteration by antitumor agents. Methods: Separations of NTPs and dNTPs were achieved on a Supelcolgel ODP-50 column using a gradient elution with pH 7.0, 5 mM N, N-dimethyl-n-hexylamine and 50% acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. An ion trap mass spectrometer was used to measure dNTPs and NTPs using a negative ion electrospray mode. The following multiple reaction monitoring at m/z 489.9→392.00, 481.00→383.00, 506.00→408.00, 466.00→368.00, 483.0→385.0, 522.0→424.0, 482.0→384.0, 540.0→441.9 were used for dATP, dTTP, dGTP/ATP, dCTP, UTP, GTP, CTP, and the internal standard 2-chloroadenosine-5’-triphosphate (ClATP), respectively. The calibration standards were prepared by spiking various amounts of dNTPs and NTPs and a constant amount of ClATP in 0.2 ml of acidic phosphatase treated and heat deactivated K562 cell lysate (~2x106 cells). This method was applied to measure the basal levels of dNTPs and NTPs in K562 cells and their changes induced by 5-azacytidine. Results: dGTP and ATP cannot be resolved and are analyzed as a composite. Linearity was demonstrated between 50 nM, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and 10 μM in K562 cell lysate. The within-day coefficients of variation (CVs, n=6) were between 11-23% at LLOQ and 3-12% between 500-5000 nM for dNTPs and 17-21% and 2-9% for NTPs, respectively. The between-day CVs (n=18) were 15-19% at LLOQ and 5-15% between 500-5000 nM for dNTPs and 12-19% and 5-9% for NTPs, respectively. The within-day accuracy values were 101-127% for both NTPs and dNTPs. In K562 cells, the basal levels of dATP, dTTP, dCTPs were 2.7, 17.6, 4.8 pmol/106 cells and of UTP, GTP, CTPs, dGTP+ATP were 1184.7, 1045.0, 329.6, 3532.1 pmol/106 cells, respectively. Following exposure with 2.0 and 5.0 μM of 5-azacytidine, the intracellular dCTP became non-detectable. Conclusion:We havedeveloped a non-radioactive LC-MS/MS method for quantifying intracellular NTP and dNTP pools and successfully applied it to measure their levels in K562 cells before and following the treatment with 5-azacytidine. Supported by NIH-NCI-RO1-CA102031, -UO1-CA76576, and by the BioMedical Mass Spectrometry Lab.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and breast cancer: Any correlation? Report of two clinical cases
Authors: C. Milandri, A. Passardi, M. Dall’agata, L. Cecconetto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9049 Background: Much progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) since Imatinib was developed. Furthermore, because of the rarity of these tumors and the poor pre-Imatinib prognosis, observations of clinical interest have also increased. To date, evidence of a possible correlation between breast cancer (BC) and GIST has never been reported. Methods: We present case reports of two female patients (pts) with advanced GIST and a history of ductal BC. Results: Our Oncology Department has treated 12 advanced GIST pts (4 female) with Imatinib since it was first commercialized. Two of the 4 female pts had a similar history of breast cancer. The first pt, aged 65, underwent left quadrantectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy for multifocal in situ ductal BC. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors were positive. Adjuvant radiotherapy and tamoxifen were administered. Seven years later the pt was submitted to extensive surgical debulking for pelvic GIST (largest diameter 28 cm and high mitotic index), CD117 positive, with initial peritoneal involvement (macroscopically resected). Peritoneal relapse occurred one year after abdominal surgery and treatment with Imatinib was begun. After 15 months a second diagnosis of BC (ipsilateral) was made and the patient is now about to undergo breast surgery. The second pt, aged 62, was submitted to right mastectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma. ER and PgR were negative. CMF adjuvant treatment was begun but interrupted after 4 cycles due to toxicity. At 64 the pt underwent ileal resection for GIST (largest diameter 3.5 cm, low mitotic index), CD 117 positive. Three years later the patient developed liver metastases. A biopsy showed GIST relapse and treatment with Imatinib was begun. Both pts had a history of thyroid disease (1 papillary carcinoma and 1 multinodular goiter). Conclusions: We did not find any literature data on a possible correlation between BC and GIST and our case series is too small to be able to draw any conclusions. However, we believe that it would be interesting to follow up on our observations and evaluate the hypothesis of a correlation in larger patient populations No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Comparison of the Pharmacological Properties of Carbohydrate Remodeled Recombinant and Placental-Derived β-Glucocerebrosidase: Implications for Clinical Efficacy in Treatment of Gaucher Disease
Authors: BethAnn Friedman, Kris Vaddi, Constance Preston, Elizabeth Mahon, James R. Cataldo, John M. McPherson
Journal: Blood (1999)
BCL-2 Antagonism to Target the Intrinsic Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis
Authors: Christopher J. Gibson, Matthew S. Davids
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Despite significant improvements in treatment, cure rates for many cancers remain suboptimal. The rise of cytotoxic chemotherapy has led to curative therapy for a subset of cancers, though intrinsic treatment resistance is difficult to predict for individual patients. The recent wave of molecularly targeted therapies has focused on druggable-activating mutations, and is thus limited to specific subsets of patients. The lessons learned from these two disparate approaches suggest the need for therapies that borrow aspects of both, targeting biologic properties of cancer that are at once distinct from normal cells and yet common enough to make the drugs widely applicable across a range of cancer subtypes. The intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis represents one such promising target for new therapies, and successfully targeting this pathway has the potential to alter the therapeutic landscape of therapy for a variety of cancers. Here, we discuss the biology of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, an assay known as BH3 profiling that can interrogate this pathway, early attempts to target BCL-2 clinically, and the recent promising results with the BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax (ABT-199) in clinical trials in hematologic malignancies. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, "Cell Death and Cancer Therapy."
HER2 status of patients with invasive breast cancer in a population at a single UK centre: Correlation with tumor characteristics
Authors: B. Saleh, S. Jader, J. Singer, S. Jenkins, H. Bradpiece, A. Patel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

11094 Background: The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, has been correlated with higher histological grade, increased tumour size, positive lymph node status, and negative or lower oestrogen receptor (ER) expression. Our aim was to look at the association between HER2 status, patient age and tumour histopathologic characteristics. Methods: We analysed retrospectively 735 cases of invasive breast cancer treated between the years 2000 and 2004. HER2 was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and all IHC 2+ tumours were also tested by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). All information was collected from pathology reports in patient case records. Results: A total of 143 (19.5%) tumours were HER2 positive (120 IHC 3+ and 23 IHC 2+/FISH+). Of the 66 tumours that were IHC 2+, 23 (34.8%) were FISH-positive. The age of most patients (75.8%) was over 50 years but there was a higher incidence (28%) of HER2 overexpresion in the 40–49 age group compared to all other age groups, the incidence of HER2 overexpression was still at least 17–18% in all age groups, including patients aged =70 years. Although, a high proportion of patients (62.2%) had tumours less than 2 cm in size, comparison of tumours less than 2 cm with those greater than 2 cm showed no predictive effect of size on HER2 expression. Over half of the patients had lymph node-negative disease (55.2%) and despite some association of HER2 expression with lymph node involvement (odds ratio of 1.23 for comparison of lymph node-positive versus negative), 19% of lymph node-negative tumours overexpressed HER2. Most tumours were high grade (32.8% grade 3, 44.1% grade 2 ) and although the proportion of HER2 overexpression increased with increasing tumour grade, some grade 1 tumours still overexpressed HER2. A higher proportion (28%) of ER-negative tumours was HER2 positive compared to ER-positive tumours (18%); however, co-expression of HER2 and ER occurred in 14% (105/735) of all primary cancers. Conclusions: In conclusion, it is not possible to predict which patients will be HER2 positive. Therefore, it is essential that HER2 status should be determined in all patients with invasive breast cancer to allow a decision on the use of trastuzumab and guide the choice of chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
UK records four cases of Zika virus in past six weeks
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Four cases of people infected with the Zika virus have been confirmed in the United Kingdom since the start of this year, experts have told MPs.

These cases may have come to light because of the recent focus on a large rise in infections in Brazil, experts told MPs on the House of Commons science and technology committee during a one-off evidence session on 10 February looking at the Zika virus.

Since last October, Brazil has reported around 1.5 million cases of the Zika mosquito-borne virus and 4000 suspected cases of microcephaly—the condition that leads to babies being born with underdeveloped brains—and fears have arisen about a possible link between the two. On 1 February, the World Health Organization declared a global public health emergency over the virus.1

One of the public health experts giving evidence to the committee said that the United Kingdom had recorded a …