tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loss of the improvement of angina between 1 and 7 years after aortocoronary bypass surgery: correlations with changes in vein grafts and in coronary arteries.
Authors: L Campeau, J Lespérance, J Hermann, F Corbara, C M Grondin, M G Bourassa
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Improvement of effort angina following pure aortocoronary bypass graft surgery was related to postoperative control angiographic studies of grafts and coronary arteries in 75 unselected patients. Clinical and angiographic evaluations were carried out at approximately 1 year and at 5 to 7 years after surgery. At 1 year, 61 (81.3%) were improved (52 without angina and 9 with partial improvement by at least two functional classes), whereas 14 were unimproved (18.7%). At approximately 6 years, loss of improvement (reappearance of angina or aggravation by at least two functional classes) was observed in 22 of the 61 improved patients, representing an attrition of 36.1% over a 5-year period. Graft occlusion or a narrowing of over 50% was observed in two of the 39 patients in whom improvement had continued (5.1%), whereas it was found in six of the 22 patients (27.3%) whose results deteriorated (p less than 0.05). Similarly, progression to occlusion of a preexisting stenosis of over 50% or appearance of a new stenosis of over 50% in a major coronary artery (distal to a graft or in an unbypassed artery) was observed in five of the 39 patients with continued improvement (12.8%) and in 11 of the 22 patients whose condition deteriorated (p less than 0.01). Changes in a graft or in a coronary artery were noted in 63.6% (14/22) of the patients with loss of improvement as compared to only 18% (7/39) of the patients whose improvement did not deteriorate. Improvement of angina was also evaluated in all survivors among our first 500 cases who had preoperative effort angina and pure bypass surgery with or without angiographic studies. Of these 260 patients, 70.4% were angina-free or improved by two to three functional classes at 1 year, and only 41.9% at 7 years after surgery. It is concluded that the effect of aortocoronary bypass graft surgery is transient in a high proportion of patients and that deterioration of results is related to late graft modifications and progression of atherosclerosis, particularly in ungrafted coronary arteries.
<i>Tgfbr1</i> Haploinsufficiency Inhibits the Development of Murine Mutant <i>Kras</i>-Induced Pancreatic Precancer
Authors: Kevin Adrian, Matthew J. Strouch, Qinghua Zeng, Morgan R. Barron, Eric C. Cheon, Akilesh Honasoge, Yanfei Xu, Sharbani Phukan, Maureen Sadim, David J. Bentrem, Boris Pasche, Paul J. Grippo
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

To dissect the role of constitutively altered Tgfbr1 signaling in pancreatic cancer development, we crossed Elastase-Kras(G12D) (EL-Kras) mice with Tgfbr1 haploinsufficient mice to generate EL-Kras/Tgfbr1(+/-) mice. Mice were euthanized at 6 to 9 months to compare the incidence, frequency, and size of precancerous lesions in the pancreas. Only 50% of all EL-Kras/Tgfbr1(+/-) mice developed preinvasive lesions compared with 100% of EL-Kras (wild-type Tgfbr1) mice. The frequency of precancerous lesions was 4-fold lower in haploinsufficient than in control mice. Paradoxically, the precancerous lesions of EL-Kras/Tgfbr1(+/-) mice were considerably larger than those in EL-Kras mice. Yet, the mitotic index of precancerous cells and the observable levels of fibrosis, lipoatrophy, and lymphocytic infiltration were reduced in EL-Kras/Tgfbr1(+/-) mice. We conclude that Tgfbr1 signaling promotes the development of precancerous lesions in mice. These findings suggest that individuals with constitutively decreased TGFBR1 expression may have a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer.
A REPORT ON THE SERUM TREATMENT OF TWENTY-SIX CASES OF EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Harold L. Amoss, Alan M. Chesney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. Serum taken from recently recovered cases of poliomyelitis may be employed in its treatment and probably yields the best results. 2. When sterile for ordinary bacteria, free of corpuscles and hemoglobin, and when injected by the gravity method, observing well known rules of caution, it may be employed without danger. 3. The serum should be injected both intraspinally and intravenously, the latter either directly or by way of the subcutaneous tissues. 4. The earlier in the course of the disease the serum is employed in suitable doses, the more promise there is of benefit. 5. The action of the serum appears to be more precise and definite in arresting paralysis than in rapidly bringing about its retrogression. 6. The decision to employ the serum should rest upon a clinical examination supported by the results of the microscopic and chemical study of the cerebrospinal fluid. 7. The question of multiple and repeated injections of the serum has not yet been worked out. In the cases here reported and especially in the group in which no paralysis existed at the time of the first injection, the pathologic process either did not progress at all, or where there was extension, as in Cases 14 and 15, the upper segment of the spinal cord became rapidly involved, and was followed by respiratory paralysis and death. Probably in cases in which some degree of muscular weakness develops soon after the injection of serum, reinjection 12 to 24 hours later may be advantageous. The temperature curve may serve to indicate the time for reinjection. 8. The favorable results thus far achieved in human beings by means of the immune serum support and extend those obtained experimentally in monkeys and indicate, as was foreseen, that the milder or less fatal form of poliomyelitis appearing in man is even more amenable to the serum treatment than is the highly fatal disease produced by inoculation in monkeys.
A Prospective Study on the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Healthy French Families
Authors: Sandy Maumus, Bérangère Marie, Gérard Siest, Sophie Visvikis-Siest
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to estimate the longitudinal variation of prevalence of metabolic syndrome within French families and to observe biological parameters involved in cardiovascular disease among their offspring. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Three hundred seventy-one apparently healthy families (1,366 individuals) taken from the STANISLAS cohort were studied. The subjects were examined at two time points with a 5-year interval (t0 and t+5). The crude prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed among parents according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP) definition. RESULTS—The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 5.9% in men and 2.1% in women at t0, rising to 7.2 and 5.4% in men and women, respectively, at t+5. Children of parents having metabolic syndrome showed higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas their HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) E concentrations were lower compared with those of age- and sex-matched control subjects (P ≤ 0.05). When applying NCEP ATP definitions that included either antihypertensive drugs only or all the drugs involved in metabolic syndrome, we found that the three parameters shared by the three different versions of the definition were TNF-α, HDL cholesterol, and an interaction between alcohol consumption and parental metabolic syndrome on HDL cholesterol concentration. CONCLUSIONS—Metabolic syndrome increases with age in supposedly healthy families from the STANISLAS cohort. In offspring of affected people, it seems to be predictive of higher values of TNF-α and low HDL cholesterol levels, which are two major cardiovascular factors. Therefore, in terms of prevention, it is important to identify and follow subjects with metabolic syndrome as well as their offspring, even in apparently healthy populations, to enable early disease management.
Intravascular ultrasound imaging of human coronary arteries in vivo. Analysis of tissue characterizations with comparison to in vitro histological specimens.
Authors: J M Tobis, J Mallery, D Mahon, K Lehmann, P Zalesky, J Griffith, J Gessert, M Moriuchi, M McRae, M L Dwyer
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Intravascular ultrasound imaging was performed in 27 patients after coronary balloon angioplasty to quantify the lumen and atheroma cross-sectional areas. METHODS AND RESULTS A 20-MHz ultrasound catheter was inserted through a 1.6-mm plastic introducer sheath across the dilated area to obtain real-time images at 30 times/sec. The ultrasound images distinguished the lumen from atheroma, calcification, and the muscular media. The presence of dissection between the media and the atheroma was well visualized. These observations of tissue characterization were compared with an in vitro study of 20 human atherosclerotic artery segments that correlated the ultrasound images to histological preparations. The results indicate that high-quality intravascular ultrasound images under controlled in vitro conditions can provide accurate microanatomic information about the histological characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques. Similar quality cross-sectional ultrasound images were also obtained in human coronary arteries in vivo. Quantitative analysis of the ultrasound images from the clinical studies revealed that the mean cross-sectional lumen area after balloon angioplasty was 5.0 +/- 2.0 mm2. The mean residual atheroma area at the level of the prior dilatation was 8.7 +/- 3.4 mm2, which corresponded to 63% of the available arterial cross-sectional area. At the segments of the coronary artery that appeared angiographically normal, the ultrasound images demonstrated the presence of atheroma involving 4.7 +/- 3.2 mm2, which was a mean of 35 +/- 23% of the available area bounded by the media. CONCLUSIONS Intravascular ultrasound appears to be more sensitive than angiography for demonstrating the presence and extent of atherosclerosis and arterial calcification. Intracoronary imaging after balloon angioplasty reveals that a significant amount of atheroma is still present, which may partly explain why the incidence of restenosis is high after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Comparing cost-effectiveness of standardised tuberculosis treatments given varying drug resistance
Authors: Stephanie Law, Andrea Benedetti, Olivia Oxlade, Kevin Schwartzman, Dick Menzies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

There is a growing need to identify appropriate standardised treatment strategies that will adequately treat various forms of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and prevent multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB. A Markov model estimated treatment-related acquired MDR-TB, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and costs in settings with different prevalence of isoniazid monoresistant TB and MDR-TB. We compared four treatment strategies: 1) the standard World Health Organization recommended treatment strategy; 2) adding ethambutol throughout the 6-month treatment of new cases; 3) using a strengthened standardised retreatment regimen; and 4) using standardised MDR treatment for failures of initial treatment. Treatment-related outcomes were derived from the published literature, and costs from direct surveys. A strengthened retreatment regimen, which could achieve lower failure, relapse and acquired MDR rates in isoniazid monoresistant cases, was predicted to be the most cost-effective strategy in all modelled settings. Empirical MDR treatment of failures of initial treatment was the most costly strategy but resulted in the fewest deaths. Adding ethambutol throughout initial treatment would be most effective in preventing acquired MDR, but would lead to excess cases of blindness. A high priority should be given to improving the standardised retreatment regimen, as this is predicted to produce greater benefits than other recently recommended strategies.
Improving Contact Area between the Peritoneum and Intraperitoneal Therapeutic Solutions
Authors: MICHAEL F. FLESSNER, JOANNE LOFTHOUSE, EL RASHEID ZAKARIA
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. A general assumption in peritoneal dialysis or intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been that a volume of 2 to 3 L in the human is sufficient to make contact with the entire anatomic peritoneum. On the basis of our previous experimental work and that of others, it was hypothesized that only a fraction of the anatomic peritoneum was in contact with the therapeutic solution in the cavity over a short period of time. It was also hypothesized that use of agitation of the experimental animal or a surfactant in the dialysis fluid would increase the contact area of the intraperitoneal solution. These hypotheses were tested by developing a method to measure the peritoneal contact area simultaneously with the anatomic peritoneal area. Anesthetized mice (25 to 35 g) received an injection of a relatively large volume (10 ml) of isotonic solution containing a radiolabeled protein that adhered to the peritoneum with which it came in contact. After a dwell of 1 to 24 h, the animal was killed and frozen. Cross sections of the abdominal and pelvic cavities were cut and placed against film to develop into autoradiograms, which represent the linear dimension of fluid contact in each sampling plane. The tissue sections that corresponded to the autoradiograms were stained to display the linear dimension of the anatomic peritoneum in the sampling plane. By imaging both the autoradiogram and the corresponding histologic slide, an estimate of the ratio of the contact area to anatomic area in each plane can be calculated (R mean = average of all ratios). Applying this method to mice that were dialyzed with an isotonic salt solution under quiescent conditions for 1 h produced R mean = 0.43 ± 0.03. With rapid shaking of the animal, R mean = 0.54 ± 0.03 ( P &lt; 0.05). Addition of the surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) 0.5% to the solution under quiescent conditions increased R mean to 1.07 ± 0.03 ( P &lt; 0.001). Lengthening the dwell of the isotonic solution to 24 h increased R mean to &gt;0.90. In further study of the effect of the concentration of DSS on contact area, there was a direct correlation of R mean with concentrations ranging from 0.0005 to 0.05% DSS. It is concluded that less than half of the mouse peritoneum is in contact with a large volume of solution in the peritoneal cavity. Maneuvers such as agitation and use of surfactant in the intraperitoneal solution increase the fraction of contact area. Also demonstrated was a direct dose-response of contact area versus intraperitoneal concentration of DSS, which may be useful in intraperitoneal therapies of peritoneal dialysis or intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Left Ventricular Mass in Relation to Genetic Variation in Angiotensin II Receptors, Renin System Genes, and Sodium Excretion
Authors: Tatiana Kuznetsova, Jan A. Staessen, Lutgarde Thijs, Christiane Kunath, Agnieszka Olszanecka, Andrew Ryabikov, Valérie Tikhonoff, Katarzyna Stolarz, Giuseppe Bianchi, Edoardo Casiglia, Robert Fagard, Stefan-Martin Brand-Herrmann, Kalina Kawecka-Jaszcz, Sofia Malyutina, Yuri Nikitin, Eva Brand
Journal: Circulation (2004)

In the European Project On Genes in Hypertension (EPOGH), we investigated in 3 populations to what extent left ventricular mass (LVM) was associated with genetic variation in the angiotensin II receptors type 1 (AGTR1 A1166C) and type 2 (AGTR2 G1675A) while accounting for possible gene-gene interactions with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE D/I) and angiotensinogen (AGT -532C/T) polymorphisms.We randomly recruited 221 nuclear families (384 parents, 431 offspring) in Cracow (Poland), Novosibirsk (Russia), and Mirano (Italy). Echocardiographic LVM was indexed to body surface area, adjusted for covariates, and subjected to multivariate analyses using generalized estimating equations and quantitative transmission disequilibrium tests in a population-based and family-based approach, respectively. For AGTR1 and AGTR2, there was no heterogeneity in the phenotype-genotype relations across populations. LVM index was unrelated to the AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism. In men, in the population- and family-based analyses, the allelic effects of the AGTR2 polymorphism on LVM index differed (P=0.01) according to sodium excretion. In women, this gene-environment interaction did not reach statistical significance. In untreated men, LVM index (4.2 g/m2 per 100 mmol) and left ventricular internal diameter (0.73 mm/100 mmol) increased (P<0.02) with higher sodium excretion in the presence of the G allele with an opposite tendency in A allele carriers. The ACE D/I polymorphism, together with the ACE genotype-by-sodium interaction term, significantly and independently improved the models relating LVM index to the AGTR2 polymorphism and the AGTR2 genotype-by-sodium interaction.The present findings support the hypothesis that in men the AGTR2 G1675A and the ACE D/I polymorphisms independently influence LVM and that salt intake modulates these genetic effects.
Combined deletion of Hfe and transferrin receptor 2 in mice leads to marked dysregulation of hepcidin and iron overload
Authors: Daniel F. Wallace, Lesa Summerville, Emily M. Crampton, David M. Frazer, Gregory J. Anderson, V. Nathan Subramaniam
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Hepcidin is a central regulator of iron homeostasis. HFE and transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) are mutated in adult-onset forms of hereditary hemochromatosis and regulate the expression of hepcidin in response to iron. Whether they act through the same or parallel pathways is unclear. To investigate this, we generated a mouse model with deletion of both Hfe and Tfr2 genes by crossing Hfe and Tfr2 null mice on a genetically identical background. Tissue and serum from wildtype, single-, and double-null mice were analyzed. Serum transferrin saturation and hepatic iron concentrations were determined. The expression of iron-related messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Levels of the iron-related proteins Tfr1, Tfr2, ferritin, and prohepcidin, and the phosphorylation status of the cell signaling proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and Smad1/5/8, were analyzed by immunoblotting. Double-null mice had more severe iron loading than mice lacking either Hfe or Tfr2; Tfr2 null mice had a greater iron burden than Hfe-null mice. Hepcidin expression relative to iron stores was reduced in the Hfe-null mice, with significantly lower values in the Tfr2-null mice. In the absence of both Hfe and Tfr2, hepcidin expression was reduced even further. A significant decrease in phospho-Erk1/2 in the livers of null mice and a reduction in phospho-Smad1/5/8 suggest that both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and bone morphogenetic protein / mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (BMP/SMAD) signaling pathways may be involved in Hfe- and Tfr2-mediated regulation of hepcidin. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate that iron overload due to deletion of Tfr2 is more severe than that due to Hfe, and that loss of both molecules results in pronounced iron overload. Analysis of Hfe/Tfr2 double-null mice suggests that Hfe and Tfr2 regulate hepcidin through parallel pathways involving Erk1/2 and Smad1/5/8. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Non-HACEK Gram-Negative Bacillus Endocarditis
Authors: Susan Morpeth, David Murdoch, Christopher H Cabell, Adolf W Karchmer, Paul Pappas, Donald Levine, Francisco Nacinovich, Pierre Tattevin, Núria Fernández-Hidalgo, Stuart Dickerman, Emilio Bouza, Ana del Río, Tatjana Lejko-Zupanc, Auristela de Oliveira Ramos, Diana Iarussi, John Klein, Catherine Chirouze, Roger Bedimo, G Ralph Corey, Vance G Fowler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Infective endocarditis caused by non-HACEK (species other than Haemophilus species, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, or Kingella species) gram-negative bacilli is rare, is poorly characterized, and is commonly considered to be primarily a disease of injection drug users. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis in a large, international, contemporary cohort of patients. Design: Observations from the International Collaboration on Infective Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS) database. Setting: 61 hospitals in 28 countries. Patients: Hospitalized patients with definite endocarditis. Measurements: Characteristics of non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis cases were described and compared with those due to other pathogens. Results: Among the 2761 case-patients with definite endocarditis enrolled in ICE-PCS, 49 (1.8%) had endocarditis (20 native valve, 29 prosthetic valve or device) due to non-HACEK, gram-negative bacilli. Escherichia coli (14 patients [29%]) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11 patients [22%]) were the most common pathogens. Most patients (57%) with non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis had health care–associated infection, whereas injection drug use was rare (4%). Implanted endovascular devices were frequently associated with non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis compared with other causes of endocarditis (29% vs. 11%; P < 0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate of patients with endocarditis due to non-HACEK gram-negative bacilli was high (24%) despite high rates of cardiac surgery (51%). Limitations: Because of the small number of patients with non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis in each treatment group and the lack of long-term follow-up, strong treatment recommendations are difficult to make. Conclusion: In this large, prospective, multinational cohort, more than one half of all cases of non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis were associated with health care contact. Non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis is not primarily a disease of injection drug users.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO HEAT STRESS AND ACTH OF NORMAL AND SCHIZOPHRENIC SUBJECTS
Authors: MARVIN STEIN, ETHEL RONZONI, EDWIN F. GILDEA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

No statistically significant differences were found in the physiological responses of chronically ill schizophrenics as compared with normal controls and nonschizophrenic patients. Moderate to severe heat was used for stress. The circulating eosinophils and lymphocytes were measured before, during, and after exposure to heat. The base values for circulating eosinophils and lymphocytes during and after heat stress were also similar in the 3 groups. In preliminary studies the uric acidcreatinine ratios were also not remarkable. It was found that even the small dose of 5 mg. of ACTH produced an eosinopenia comparable to that found in normal subjects. It should be noted that Hoagland and Pincus after studying more patients have concluded that lymphocyte response to ACTH and to heat stress does not reliably differentiate schizophrenics from nonschizophrenics. They have not reported data on eosinophils. However, they found that urinary 17-keto- steroids, sodium, potassium, uric acid, and cortins do differentiate schizophrenics from controls exposed to stress of various kinds and to ACTH.
Preliminary report: A serious link between adiponectin levels and metabolic syndrome in a Korean nondiabetic population
Authors: Sang-Back Koh, Jong-Ku Park, Jin-Ha Yoon, Sei-Jin Chang, Sung-Soo Oh, Jang-Young Kim, So-Yeon Ryu, Ki-Soon Kim, Tae-Yong Lee, Joshua Sung H You
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Monoamine oxidase deficiency in males with an X chromosome deletion
Authors: K.B. Sims, A. de la Chapelle, R. Norio, E-M. Sankila, Y.-P.P Hsu, W.B. Rinehart, T.J. Corey, L. Ozelius, J.F. Powell, G. Bruns, J.F. Gusella, D.L. Murphy, X.O. Breakefield
Journal: Neuron (1989)