tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spectral characteristics of chest wall breath sounds in normal subjects.
Authors: N Gavriely, M Nissan, A H Rubin, D W Cugell
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--This study was carried out to establish a reliable bank of information on the spectral characteristics of chest wall breath sounds from healthy men and women, both non-smokers and smokers. METHODS--Chest wall breath sounds from 272 men and 81 women were measured using contact acoustic sensors, amplifiers, and fast Fourier transform (FFT) based spectral analysis software. Inspiratory and expiratory sounds were picked up at three standard locations on the chest wall during breathing at flows of 1-2 l/s and analysed breath by breath in real time. RESULTS--The amplitude spectrum of normal chest wall breath sounds has two linear parts in the log-log plane--low and high frequency segments--that are best characterised by their corresponding regression lines. Four parameters are needed and are sufficient for complete quantitative representation of each of the spectra: the slopes of the two regression lines plus the amplitude and frequency coordinates of their intersection. The range of slopes of the high frequency lines was -12.7 to -15.2 dB/oct during inspiration and -13.4 to -20.3 dB/oct during expiration. The frequency at which this line crossed the zero dB level--that is, the amplitude resolution threshold of the system--was designated as the maximal frequency (Fmax) which varied from 736 to 999 Hz during inspiration and from 426 to 796 Hz during expiration with higher values in women than in men. The mean (SD) regression coefficient of the high frequency line was 0.89 (0.05). CONCLUSIONS--These data define the boundaries of normal chest wall breath sounds and may be used as reference for comparison with abnormal sounds.
Association of Symptoms Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder vs Postconcussion Syndrome
Authors: Emmanuel Lagarde, Louis-Rachid Salmi, Lena W. Holm, Benjamin Contrand, Françoise Masson, Régis Ribéreau-Gayon, Magali Laborey, J. David Cassidy
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

IMPORTANCEA proportion of patients experience long-lasting symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI).The postconcussion syndrome (PCS), included in the DSM-IV, has been proposed to describe this condition.Because these symptoms are subjective and common to other conditions, there is controversy whether PCS deserves to be identified as a diagnostic syndrome.OBJECTIVE To assess whether persistent symptoms 3 months following head injury are specific to MTBI or whether they are better described as part of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) expression and possible response to angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab in metastatic alveolar soft part sarcoma
Authors: Amedeo A Azizi, Christine Haberler, Thomas Czech, Astrid Gupper, Daniela Prayer, Helene Breitschopf, Till Acker, Irene Slavc
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2006)
Vandetanib Restores Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells' Sensitivity to Cisplatin and Radiation <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i>
Authors: Daisuke Sano, Fumihiko Matsumoto, David R. Valdecanas, Mei Zhao, David P. Molkentine, Yoko Takahashi, Ehab Y. Hanna, Vali Papadimitrakopoulou, John Heymach, Luka Milas, Jeffrey N. Myers
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

We investigated whether vandetanib, an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and rearranged during transfection (RET), could augment the antitumor activity of radiation with or without cisplatin in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).OSC-19 and HN5 HNSCC cells that were cisplatin and radioresistant were treated with vandetanib, cisplatin, and radiation alone or in combination in vitro and in vivo using an orthotopic nude mouse model. Treatment effects were assessed using clonogenic survival assay, tumor volume, bioluminescence imaging, tumor growth delay, survival, microvessel density, tumor and endothelial cell apoptosis, and EGFR and Akt phosphorylation data.Vandetanib plus cisplatin radiosensitized HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. The combination treatment with vandetanib, cisplatin, and radiation was superior to the rest of treatments (including the double combinations) in antitumoral effects, prolonging survival, decreasing cervical lymph node metastases in vivo. It also increased both tumor and tumor-associated endothelial cell apoptosis and decreased microvessel density in vivo. An analysis of tumor growth delay data revealed that vandetanib plus cisplatin enhanced radioresponse in vivo. All vandetanib-containing treatments inhibited EGFR and Akt phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo.The addition of vandetanib to combination therapy with cisplatin and radiation was able to effectively overcome cisplatin and radioresistance in in vitro and in vivo models of HNSCC. Further study of this regimen in clinical trials may be warranted.
Recognition of IgD and Periodic Fever
Authors: Joost P.H. Drenth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 September 1996Recognition of IgD and Periodic FeverJoost P.H. Drenth, MD, PhD, Ina S. Klasen, PhD, and Jos W.M. van der Meer, MD, PhDJoost P.H. Drenth, MD, PhDUniversity Hospital St. Radboud, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author, Ina S. Klasen, PhDUniversity Hospital St. Radboud, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author, and Jos W.M. van der Meer, MD, PhDUniversity Hospital St. Radboud, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-6-199609150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome (HIDS) is characterized by recurrent febrile attacks with abdominal symptoms, joint involvement, skin lesions, and lymphadenopathy. The syndrome has been diagnosed in 66 patients, most from Europe [1]. The clinical picture and the elevated serum IgD levels (>100 U/mL) complete the diagnosis. Although no treatment is available, a correct diagnosis removes uncertainty and allows the patient to be informed on the benign prognosis of the syndrome.To our knowledge, HIDS has been diagnosed in only two patients in the United States [2]. Although population variation may explain the lack of ...References1. Drenth JP, Haagsma CJ, van der Meer JW, and the International Hyper-IgD Study Group. Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome. The clinical spectrum in a series of 50 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 1994; 73:133-44. Google Scholar2. Grose C, Schnetzer JR, Ferrante A, Vladutiu AO. Children in hyperimmunoglobulinemia and periodic fever syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1996; 15:72-7. Google Scholar3. Mancini G, Carbonara AO, Heremans JF. Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion. Immunochemistry. 1965; 2:235-54. Google Scholar4. Skvaril F, Radl J. The fragmentation of IgD during storage. Clin Chim Acta. 1967; 15:544-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joost P.H. Drenth, MD, PhD; Ina S. Klasen, PhD; Jos W.M. van der Meer, MD, PhDAffiliations: University Hospital St. Radboud, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHyper-Immunoglobulin A in the Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D SyndromeImmunoglobulin D: Properties, Measurement, and Clinical RelevanceHiperinmunoglobulinemia D y fiebre periódica. Análisis fenotípico de una familia española 15 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 6Page: 518KeywordsAttentionEnzyme linked immunosorbent assayEnzymesFeversHypergammaglobulinemiaLesionsMonoclonal antibodies ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Modulates Cytosolic Redox Status and Contractile Phenotype in Adult Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Mohit Jain, Daniel A. Brenner, Lei Cui, Chee Chew Lim, Bo Wang, David R. Pimentel, Stanley Koh, Douglas B. Sawyer, Jane A. Leopold, Diane E. Handy, Joseph Loscalzo, Carl S. Apstein, Ronglih Liao
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)–mediated cell injury contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and myocardial dysfunction. Protection against ROS requires maintenance of endogenous thiol pools, most importantly, reduced glutathione (GSH), by NADPH. In cardiomyocytes, GSH resides in two separate cellular compartments: the mitochondria and cytosol. Although mitochondrial GSH is maintained largely by transhydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, the mechanisms responsible for sustaining cytosolic GSH remain unclear. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) functions as the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, responsible for the generation of NADPH in a reaction coupled to the de novo production of cellular ribose. We hypothesized that G6PD is required to maintain cytosolic GSH levels and protect against ROS injury in cardiomyocytes. We found that in adult cardiomyocytes, G6PD activity is rapidly increased in response to cellular oxidative stress, with translocation of G6PD to the cell membrane. Furthermore, inhibition of G6PD depletes cytosolic GSH levels and subsequently results in cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction through dysregulation of calcium homeostasis. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction was reversed through treatment with either a thiol-repleting agent (L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) or antioxidant treatment (Eukarion-134), but not with exogenous ribose. Finally, in a murine model of G6PD deficiency, we demonstrate the development of in vivo adverse structural remodeling and impaired contractile function over time. We, therefore, conclude that G6PD is a critical cytosolic antioxidant enzyme, essential for maintenance of cytosolic redox status in adult cardiomyocytes. Deficiency of G6PD may contribute to cardiac dysfunction through increased susceptibility to free radical injury and impairment of intracellular calcium transport. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.
Application of Intraoperative Ultrasound to Nonsentinel Node Assessment in Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Giu-Cheng Hsu, Chih-Hung Ku, Jyh-Cherng Yu, Chung-Bo Hsieh, Cheng-Pin Yu, Tsu-Yi Chao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate whether intraoperative ultrasonography can help surgeons to identify patients with breast cancer and metastases confined to the sentinel node. Experimental Design: We used blue dye to identify sentinel node during 512 procedures done on 509 patients with breast cancers of &amp;lt;3 cm. After sentinel node biopsy, we used intraoperative ultrasonography to explore the whole axilla followed by at least level II axillary dissection. All sentinel nodes were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically using anti-cytokeratin antibody. All nonsentinel nodes were examined by routine histology. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the associations of interest and to adjust for potential confounders. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate the areas under the curves of interest and for comparisons. Results: Sentinel nodes were identified in 506 of 512 (98.8%) procedures and sentinel node metastases were found in 161 of these (31.8%). Subsequent axillary dissection revealed tumor involvement in nonsentinel nodes in 93 of 161 (57.8%) procedures. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, number of positive sentinel nodes, and metastatic size in sentinel nodes were independent factors predicting the presence of tumor-positive nonsentinel nodes. The validity of using either node size or cortical thickness ascertained by intraoperative ultrasound to predict nonsentinel node metastases was highly significant (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Intraoperative ultrasound not only detected metastatic nonsentinel nodes in 89 of 93 (95.7%) cases but also detected metastatic nonsentinel nodes in patients with false-negative sentinel node mapping. Conclusion: Sentinel node biopsy combined with intraoperative ultrasonography can help breast surgeons decide whether to perform a subsequent nonsentinel node dissection after identification of a positive sentinel node.
Central changes associated with chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis
Authors: Jennifer Brawn, Matteo Morotti, Krina T. Zondervan, Christian M. Becker, Katy Vincent
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2014)

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a significant public health problem with 1 million affected women in the UK. Although many pathologies are associated with CPP, the pain experienced is often disproportionate to the extent of disease identified and frequently no pathology is found (chronic pelvic pain syndrome). The central nervous system (CNS) is central to the experience of pain and chronic pain conditions in general are associated with alterations in both the structure and function of the CNS. This review describes the available evidence for central changes in association with conditions presenting with CPP.A detailed literature search was performed to identify relevant papers, however, this is not a systematic review.CPP is associated with central changes similar to those identified in other pain conditions. Specifically these include, alterations in the behavioural and central response to noxious stimulation, changes in brain structure (both increases and decreases in the volume of specific brain regions), altered activity of both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and psychological distress.The evidence reviewed in this paper demonstrates that CPP is associated with significant central changes when compared with healthy pain-free women. Moreover, the presence of these changes has the potential to both exacerbate symptoms and to predispose these women to the development of additional chronic conditions. These findings support the use of adjunctive medication targeting the CNS in these women.
The ability is not general, and neither are the conclusions
Authors: Robert J. Sternberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Stanovich &amp; West rely for many of their conclusions on correlations of reasoning tasks with SAT scores. The conclusions they draw are suspect because the SAT is not a particularly good measure of so-called g ; g is not necessarily causal, SAT scores are no arbiter of what is true, and in any case it is not suprising that reasoning tests correlate with reasoning tests.
Chloramphenicol Treatment of the Newborn
Authors: R. M. Calman, J. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Evidence is presented which suggests that the sample is adequate for the results to be considered as an accurate reflection of the total tuberculous infection in the com- munity.The trend of conversion rates at different age groups in the Rhondda Fach and in another valley are pre- sented.These form a satisfactory basis for later com- parison applicable to the studies which are to be continued in the future to ascertain the effect of the control of tuberculous infectivity in the Rhondda Fach.Possible sources of error have been considered, including that of error in the qualitative reading of tuberculin tests by experienced observers, and none of these are regarded as invalidating the results and pur- pose of the survey.A comparability study was carried out in 692 cases between the multiple-puncture method of tuberculin-test- ing and the normal intradermal method.The inclusion of figures obtained by the use of the multiple-puncture method of testing does not invalidate the results or con- clusions drawn from the study.As yet the multiple- puncture test cannot be regarded as a satisfactory single test for survey work requiring scientific accuracy.Evidence is presented that the criterion of 5 mm. of induration for the reading of a positive test with 0.01 mg. of 'O.T. is probably too high.
Prevention of diabetic glomerulopathy by pharmacological amelioration of glomerular capillary hypertension.
Authors: R Zatz, B R Dunn, T W Meyer, S Anderson, H G Rennke, B M Brenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Two groups of adult male Munich-Wistar rats and a third group of nondiabetic age-matched and weight-matched normal control rats underwent micropuncture study 1 mo, and morphologic studies 14 mo, after induction of streptozotocin diabetes or sham treatment. All animals were fed standard rat chow. Diabetic rats received daily ultralente insulin to maintain stable moderate hyperglycemia (approximately 350 mg/dl). In addition, one group of diabetic rats was treated with the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, 15 mg/liter of drinking water. Average kidney weight, whole kidney and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate, and glomerular plasma flow rate were elevated to similar values in both groups of diabetic rats, relative to normal control rats. Non-enalapril-treated diabetic rats exhibited significant elevations in mean glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure and transcapillary hydraulic pressure gradient, compared with the other groups studied, and only this group eventually developed marked and progressive albuminuria. Likewise, histological examination of the kidneys at 14 mo disclosed a high incidence of glomerular structural abnormalities only in non-enalapril-treated diabetic rats. These findings indicate that prevention of glomerular capillary hypertension in rats with diabetes mellitus effectively protects against the subsequent development of glomerular structural injury and proteinuria. This protection is afforded despite pronounced hyperglycemia and elevated levels of glucosylated hemoglobin, further supporting our view that hemodynamic rather than metabolic factors predominate in the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulopathy.
Is This Clinical Trial Fully Registered?
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis, Jeffrey M. Drazen, Frank A. Frizelle, Charlotte Haug, John Hoey, Richard Horton, Sheldon Kotzin, Christine Laine, Ana Marusic, A. John P.M. Overbeke, Torben V. Schroeder, Hal C. Sox, Martin B. Van Der Weyden
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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Generation of coagulation factor V activity by cultured rabbit alveolar macrophages.
Authors: H Rothberger, M P McGee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Alveolar macrophages are cell's important in immune defense and inflammation in the lung, and the coagulation system participates in these reactions. In earlier experiments, it was found that alveolar macrophages contain and produce tissue factor, the extrinsic clotting pathway activator. The present experiments explore possible production by alveolar macrophages of the sequence of the clotting proteins that interact to form thrombin following initiation of coagulation by tissue factor. In studies using alveolar macrophages purified from rabbits, factor V activity was not detected in cell preparations assayed directly after isolation. However, after short-term culture, we found generation and release of factor V activity by these cells, which was predominantly from subpopulations with densities of 1.060-1.068 g/ml, corresponding to intermediate stages of alveolar macrophage maturation. Cell viability and protein synthesis were required for generation of the activity as shown by inhibitory effects of cell lysis before culture and by effects observed after including puromycin in cultures with viable cells. The activity generated was characterized as factor V by demonstrating specific functional requirements in one- and two-stage coagulation tests. There was no detectable generation in these cultures of factors II, VII, X, or the more recently described factor X-independent monocyte/macrophage prothrombinases. Factor V activity generated by alveolar macrophages may contribute to prothrominase assembly, activation of clotting, and fibrin formation within the alveolus.
Manic Symptoms During Depressive Episodes in 1,380 Patients With Bipolar Disorder: Findings From the STEP-BD
Authors: Joseph F. Goldberg, Roy H. Perlis, Charles L. Bowden, Michael E. Thase, David J. Miklowitz, Lauren B. Marangell, Joseph R. Calabrese, Andrew A. Nierenberg, Gary S. Sachs
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Little is known about how often bipolar depressive episodes are accompanied by subsyndromal manic symptoms in bipolar I and II disorders. The authors sought to determine the frequency and clinical correlates of manic symptoms during episodes of bipolar depression.From among 4,107 enrollees in the National Institute of Mental Health's Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD), 1,380 individuals met criteria for bipolar I or II depressive syndromes at the time of enrollment and were assessed for concomitant manic symptoms. Illness characteristics were compared in patients with pure bipolar depressed episodes and those with mixed depressive presentations.Two-thirds of the subjects with bipolar depressed episodes had concomitant manic symptoms, most often distractibility, flight of ideas or racing thoughts, and psychomotor agitation. Patients with any mixed features were significantly more likely than those with pure bipolar depressed episodes to have early age at illness onset, rapid cycling in the past year, bipolar I subtype, history of suicide attempts, and more days in the preceding year with irritability or mood elevation.Manic symptoms often accompany bipolar depressive episodes but may easily be overlooked when they appear less prominent than depressive features. Subsyndromal manic symptoms during bipolar I or II depression demarcate a more common, severe, and psychopathologically complex clinical state than pure bipolar depression and merit recognition as a distinct nosologic entity.