tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial of Short-Course Radiotherapy Versus Long-Course Chemoradiation Comparing Rates of Local Recurrence in Patients With T3 Rectal Cancer: Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Trial 01.04
Authors: Samuel Y. Ngan, Bryan Burmeister, Richard J. Fisher, Michael Solomon, David Goldstein, David Joseph, Stephen P. Ackland, David Schache, Bev McClure, Sue-Anne McLachlan, Joseph McKendrick, Trevor Leong, Cris Hartopeanu, John Zalcberg, John Mackay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

To compare the local recurrence (LR) rate between short-course (SC) and long-course (LC) neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer.Eligible patients had ultrasound- or magnetic resonance imaging-staged T3N0-2M0 rectal adenocarcinoma within 12 cm from anal verge. SC consisted of pelvic radiotherapy 5 × 5 Gy in 1 week, early surgery, and six courses of adjuvant chemotherapy. LC was 50.4 Gy, 1.8 Gy/fraction, in 5.5 weeks, with continuous infusional fluorouracil 225 mg/m(2) per day, surgery in 4 to 6 weeks, and four courses of chemotherapy.Three hundred twenty-six patients were randomly assigned; 163 patients to SC and 163 to LC. Median potential follow-up time was 5.9 years (range, 3.0 to 7.8 years). Three-year LR rates (cumulative incidence) were 7.5% for SC and 4.4% for LC (difference, 3.1%; 95% CI, -2.1 to 8.3; P = .24). For distal tumors (< 5 cm), six of 48 SC patients and one of 31 LC patients experienced local recurrence (P = .21). Five-year distant recurrence rates were 27% for SC and 30% for LC (log-rank P = 0.92; hazard ratio [HR] for LC:SC, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.56). Overall survival rates at 5 years were 74% for SC and 70% for LC (log-rank P = 0.62; HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.67). Late toxicity rates were not substantially different (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer G3-4: SC, 5.8%; LC, 8.2%; P = .53).Three-year LR rates between SC and LC were not statistically significantly different; the CI for the difference is consistent with either no clinically important difference or differences in favor of LC. LC may be more effective in reducing LR for distal tumors. No differences in rates of distant recurrence, relapse-free survival, overall survival, or late toxicity were detected.
EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN ON RABBIT PLATELETS
Authors: Roger M. Des Prez, Richard E. Bryant
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

The divalent ion requirements of rabbit platelet injury by endotoxin have been defined by the use of various anticoagulant solutions and have been compared to the divalent ion requirements of platelet injury produced by addition of antigen to immune platelet-rich plasma. The endotoxin-platelet interaction takes place in citrated blood. Platelet damage by antigen is inhibited by citrate, but preincubation of antigen and immune platelet-poor plasma in the absence of citrate results in a substance, presumably antigen-antibody complement complex, which then does injure platelets in the presence of citrate. Neither endotoxin nor preincubated antigen injures platelets in the presence of sodium EDTA in concentrations sufficient to interact with all divalent cations present in plasma. These observations have been interpreted by viewing the platelet-endotoxin interaction as a consequence of platelet phagocytosis of endotoxin, a reaction not requiring complement but requiring definite small concentrations of divalent cations. The interaction of antigen and platelets is regarded as a two phase reaction, the first requiring the participation of complement and concentrations of divalent cation larger than those provided in citrated plasma, the second requiring smaller concentrations of divalent cation, no further participation of complement, and active in citrated plasma. This second phase is regarded as representing platelet phagocytosis of immune complexes.
Frequency of Patient–Physician Contact and Patient Outcomes in Hemodialysis Care
Authors: Laura C. Plantinga, Nancy E. Fink, John H. Sadler, Andrew S. Levey, Nathan W. Levin, Haya R. Rubin, Josef Coresh, Michael J. Klag, Neil R. Powe
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

ABSTRACT. There is little evidence supporting the widespread belief that regular patient–physician contact in chronic disease management leads to better patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of the frequency of patient–physician contact with several patient outcomes in a prospective cohort study begun in 1995 of incident hemodialysis patients treated at 75 US dialysis clinics. Average frequency of patient–physician contact at each clinic was determined by clinic survey (<i>low</i>, monthly or less frequent; <i>intermediate</i>, between monthly and weekly; <i>high</i>, more than weekly). The authors used logistic, Poisson, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess the relationship between contact and satisfaction, quality of life, patient adherence, hospitalizations, and mortality. Of 735 hemodialysis patients, 14.3% were treated at clinics with high frequency of contact, 65.2% intermediate, and 20.5% low. Patients treated at clinics reporting less frequent physician contact had lower odds of rating the frequency at which they saw a nephrologist excellent (low: adjusted OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.23–0.67; intermediate: adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI, 0.37–0.87; reference, high) and greater odds of nonadherence (low: adjusted OR = 2.89, 95% CI, 1.01–8.29; intermediate: adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI, 0.78–3.19). However, patient survival did not vary by frequency of physician contact (low: adjusted RH = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.53–1.44; intermediate: adjusted RH = 1.33, 95% CI, 0.82–2.13), nor did patients' overall ratings of care, hospitalization rates, or quality of life measures. Although less frequent patient–physician contact was associated with lower patient satisfaction with that contact and patient nonadherence, it was not associated with several other outcomes of care. Future studies are needed to assess the individual frequency and nature of physician contact over time, including total time spent with the patient and quality of the interaction, to guide the provision of patient-centered and cost-effective care. E-mail: npowe@jhmi.edu
Oscillatory pressure transients after flow interruption during bronchial challenge test in children
Authors: U Frey, R Kraemer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The measurement of the conventional interrupter resistance (Rint) is dependent on pressure equilibration between alveolar and airway opening pressure, which is often not achieved in the presence of severe airways obstruction or in small children. The damping properties (d) of postocclusional oscillatory pressure transients after rapid flow interrruption can be assessed independent of complete pressure equilibration, and we have previously shown them to be correlated to resistive properties of the respiratory system. We wanted to determine whether these transients were an expression of acoustic properties of the air in the airways, or whether they were caused by an interaction of gas and lung tissue, and whether d was more sensitive than Rint to changes in airway mechanics. Bronchial challenge tests were carried out with cumulative doses of inhaled carbachol in 10 healthy children (aged 7-14 yrs) and 50 asthmatic children (aged 5-15 yrs). The airflow interruptions were performed with a combined nebulizer-shutter head, allowing resistance measurements with each breath. The frequency, and the damping factor of the postocclusional pressure transients changed significantly during carbachol challenge in both groups of children. The provocation dose (PD) at which the damping factor (d) of the oscillatory pressure transients increased more than 2 SD above the baseline mean ("variance-based", PDvb) was lower than the PDvb of the end-interruption resistance (Rint, EI). These changes in frequency and damping factor were reversible after inhaling salbutamol. These findings suggest that the damping properties of the postocclusional pressure transients after flow interruption can be used as a sensitive parameter to assess changes in airway mechanics during bronchial challenge test in children in whom pressure equilibration is frequently not achieved during airflow interruption due to airways obstruction.
Inhaled corticosteroids and long acting beta2 agonists can help patients with COPD
Authors: A Bhowmik
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, et al . Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet2003;361:449–56 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] This randomised, double blind, parallel group, placebo controlled study funded by GlaxoSmithKline assessed treatment with salmeterol, fluticasone, and the combination of these two drugs for 1 year in a total of 1465 patients of whom 1009 completed the study. Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 was … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.stitle%253DLancet%26rft.aulast%253DCalverley%26rft.auinit1%253DP.%26rft.volume%253D361%26rft.issue%253D9356%26rft.spage%253D449%26rft.epage%253D456%26rft.atitle%253DCombined%2Bsalmeterol%2Band%2Bfluticasone%2Bin%2Bthe%2Btreatment%2Bof%2Bchronic%2Bobstructive%2Bpulmonary%2Bdisease%253A%2Ba%2Brandomised%2Bcontrolled%2Btrial.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252803%252912459-2%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12583942%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12459-2&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12583942&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F5%2F424.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000180900600007&link_type=ISI
Quantitative Analysis of the Transrenal Excretion of Circulating EBV DNA in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Authors: K.C. Allen Chan, Sing F. Leung, Sze W. Yeung, Anthony T.C. Chan, Y.M. Dennis Lo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The existence of transrenal clearance of circulating cell-free DNA is controversial. In this study, we used NPC as a model to investigate if circulating EBV DNA can be excreted into urine and to quantify the contribution of renal excretion to the clearance of plasma EBV DNA. Experimental Design: Quantitative analysis of urine EBV DNA was done for 74 NPC patients using real-time PCR with two different amplicon sizes. The urine concentration of EBV DNA was expressed as copies per millimole of creatinine (copies/mmol Cr) to minimize the effects of interindividual variations in hydration status. Results: EBV DNA was detectable in the urine of 56% NPC patients using a 59-bp real-time PCR assay. The median urine EBV DNA concentrations measured by the 59- and 76-bp assays were 7,040 and 290 copies/mmol Cr, respectively. Patients with detectable urine EBV DNA had significantly higher plasma concentrations, with a positive correlation between the plasma and urine concentrations of EBV DNA. The fraction of plasma EBV DNA excreted into the urine was 0.0026% of that for creatinine. Conclusions: We have shown that circulating EBV DNA can be excreted transrenally into urine in NPC patient and the fraction of excretion is negatively associated with the size of the DNA molecules. Because there is a positive correlation between plasma and urine EBV DNA concentration, urine EBV DNA analysis may potentially be applicable as an ultra-noninvasive test for the monitoring and prognostication of NPC patients.
Simulated ischaemia and reperfusion in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes
Authors: J M Cordeiro, S E Howlett, G R Ferrier
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Simulated ischaemia and reperfusion in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes Get access J M Cordeiro, J M Cordeiro Department of Pharmacology, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7: J M Cordeiro, S E Howlett, G R Ferrier, Correspondence to Dr Cordeiro. Reprint requests to Dr Ferrier. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S E Howlett, S E Howlett Department of Pharmacology, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7: J M Cordeiro, S E Howlett, G R Ferrier, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G R Ferrier G R Ferrier Department of Pharmacology, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7: J M Cordeiro, S E Howlett, G R Ferrier, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 12, December 1994, Pages 1794–1802, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.12.1794 Published: 01 December 1994 Article history Received: 04 August 1994 Accepted: 23 August 1994 Published: 01 December 1994
Systems medicine and integrated care to combat chronic noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Jean Bousquet, Josep M Anto, Peter J Sterk, Ian M Adcock, Kian Chung, Josep Roca, Alvar Agusti, Chris Brightling, Anne Cambon-Thomsen, Alfredo Cesario, Sonia Abdelhak, Stylianos E Antonarakis, Antoine Avignon, Andrea Ballabio, Eugenio Baraldi, Alexander Baranov, Thomas Bieber, Joël Bockaert, Samir Brahmachari, Christian Brambilla, Jacques Bringer, Michel Dauzat, Ingemar Ernberg, Leonardo Fabbri, Philippe Froguel, David Galas, Takashi Gojobori, Peter Hunter, Christian Jorgensen, Francine Kauffmann, Philippe Kourilsky, Marek L Kowalski, Doron Lancet, Claude Pen, Jacques Mallet, Bongani Mayosi, Jacques Mercier, Andres Metspalu, Joseph H Nadeau, Grégory Ninot, Denis Noble, Mehmet Öztürk, Susanna Palkonen, Christian Préfaut, Klaus Rabe, Eric Renard, Richard G Roberts, Boleslav Samolinski, Holger J Schünemann, Hans-Uwe Simon, Marcelo Soares, Giulio Superti-Furga, Jesper Tegner, Sergio Verjovski-Almeida, Peter Wellstead, Olaf Wolkenhauer, Emiel Wouters, Rudi Balling, Anthony J Brookes, Dominique Charron, Christophe Pison, Zhu Chen, Leroy Hood, Charles Auffray
Journal: Genome Medicine (2011)

We propose an innovative, integrated, cost-effective health system to combat major non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, chronic respiratory, metabolic, rheumatologic and neurologic disorders and cancers, which together are the predominant health problem of the 21st century. This proposed holistic strategy involves comprehensive patient-centered integrated care and multi-scale, multi-modal and multi-level systems approaches to tackle NCDs as a common group of diseases. Rather than studying each disease individually, it will take into account their intertwined gene-environment, socio-economic interactions and co-morbidities that lead to individual-specific complex phenotypes. It will implement a road map for predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory (P4) medicine based on a robust and extensive knowledge management infrastructure that contains individual patient information. It will be supported by strategic partnerships involving all stakeholders, including general practitioners associated with patient-centered care. This systems medicine strategy, which will take a holistic approach to disease, is designed to allow the results to be used globally, taking into account the needs and specificities of local economies and health systems.
A corrole nanobiologic elicits tissue-activated MRI contrast enhancement and tumor-targeted toxicity
Authors: Jessica D. Sims, Jae Youn Hwang, Shawn Wagner, Felix Alonso-Valenteen, Chris Hanson, Jan Michael Taguiam, Richard Polo, Ira Harutyunyan, Gevorg Karapetyan, Karn Sorasaenee, Ahmed Ibrahim, Eduardo Marban, Rex Moats, Harry B. Gray, Zeev Gross, Lali K. Medina-Kauwe
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Socioeconomic Status and Mortality
Authors: Sharon H. Saydah, Giuseppina Imperatore, Gloria L. Beckles
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Although several studies have examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality in the general population, few have investigated this relationship among people with diabetes. This study sought to determine how risk of mortality associated with measures of SES among adults with diagnosed diabetes is mitigated by association with demographics, comorbidities, diabetes treatment, psychological distress, or health care access and utilization.The study included 6,177 adults aged 25 years or older with diagnosed diabetes who participated in the National Health Interview Surveys (1997-2003) linked to mortality data (follow-up through 2006). SES was measured by education attained, financial wealth (either stocks/dividends or home ownership), and income-to-poverty ratio.In unadjusted analysis, risk of death was significantly greater for people with lower levels of education and income-to-poverty ratio than for those at the highest levels. After adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, diabetes treatment and duration, health care access, and psychological distress variables, the association with greater risk of death remained significant only for people with the lowest level of education (relative hazard 1.52 [95% CI 1.04-2.23]). After multivariate adjustment, the risk of death was significantly greater for people without certain measures of financial wealth (e.g., stocks, home ownership) (1.56 [1.07-2.27]) than for those with them.The findings suggest that after adjustments for demographics, health care access, and psychological distress, the level of education attained and financial wealth remain strong predictors of mortality risk among adults with diabetes.
Managing Breast Cancers with Low Estrogen Receptor and HER2 by Drugging Both
Authors: Todd W. Miller
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Low estrogen receptor (ER) levels in breast tumors are associated with poorer response to antiestrogen therapy. Finn and colleagues identify low ER levels as a biomarker predicting benefit from the addition of the EGFR/HER2 dual inhibitor lapatinib to an antiestrogen treatment regimen in patients with metastatic ER+/HER2− breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(3); 528–30. ©2013 AACR.
Abstract P051: Healthy Lifestyle Factors are Uncommon and Associated with Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Candidates for Primary Prevention with Statin Therapy
Authors: John N Booth, Lisandro D Colantonio, Mary Cushman, George Howard, Monika Safford, Maciej Banach, Kristi Reynolds, Paul Muntner
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Adults with a 10 year predicted atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk ≥7.5% are candidates for statin therapy for primary prevention. Lifestyle interventions may benefit this high risk group. Hypothesis: We estimated the use of healthy lifestyles and their association with ASCVD and mortality risk in adults with a 10 year predicted ASCVD risk ≥7.5%. Methods: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort study enrolled adults ≥45 years old from the 48 continental US states and District of Columbia in January 2003 - October 2007 (n=30,239). The final sample was restricted to adults 45 - 79 years old, without ASCVD or diabetes history, low density lipoprotein cholesterol 70 - 189 mg/dL and a 10 year predicted ASCVD risk ≥7.5% (n=5,709). Ideal lifestyle factors, assessed during an in-home physical exam and through surveys, included non-obese waist circumference (&lt;88/&lt;102 cm for women/men), physical activity (PA) ≥4 times per week, nonsmoking, low saturated fat intake (&lt;7.0% of daily calories) and highest Mediterranean diet score quartile. Participants were contacted every 6 months to detect incident ASCVD events (nonfatal/fatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease death) and all-cause mortality for adjudication. Results: The prevalence of ideal lifestyles was 56.9% for non-obesity, 33.5% for PA, 80.7% for nonsmoking, 7.1% for low saturated fat intake, and 27.6% for highest Mediterranean diet score quartile. Overall, 4.8%, 27.2%, 35.5%, 23.5% and 9.0% had 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 of the 5 ideal lifestyles. There were 377 ASCVD events and 471 deaths (median follow up: 5.8 and 6.0 years, respectively). After multivariable adjustment, there was a graded association for lower ASCVD incidence and mortality with 1, 2, 3 and ≥4 versus 0 ideal lifestyles (Table 1). Conclusion: Healthy lifestyles were underused in adults with a 10 year predicted ASCVD risk ≥7.5%. Improving lifestyle factors may significantly reduce ASCVD and delay mortality in this high risk population.
Glucose Abnormalities in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
Authors: Rafael Simó
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We thank Gentilucci et al. (1) for their comments on our articles (2,3) regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The authors question why an increased T-helper (Th)1 immune response can be simultaneously the major determinant of insulin resistance and responsible for a poor response to antiviral treatment. This question is based on the statement that Th1 immunoresponse favors HCV clearance. However, although a vigorous Th1 response could play an …
Long-term Survival and Biomarker Correlates of Tasquinimod Efficacy in a Multicenter Randomized Study of Men with Minimally Symptomatic Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: A.J. Armstrong, M. Häggman, W.M. Stadler, J.R. Gingrich, V. Assikis, J. Polikoff, J.E. Damber, L. Belkoff, Ö. Nordle, G. Forsberg, M.A. Carducci, R. Pili
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Tasquinimod (Active Biotech) is an oral immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic agent that delayed metastatic disease progression in a randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we report long-term survival with biomarker correlates from this trial.Two hundred and one (134 tasquinimod and 67 placebo) men with mCRPC were evaluated. Forty-one men randomized to placebo crossed over to tasquinimod. Survival data were collected with a median follow-up time of 37 months. Exploratory biomarker studies at baseline and over time were collected to evaluate potential mechanism-based correlates with tasquinimod efficacy including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).With 111 mortality events, median OS was 33.4 months for tasquinimod versus 30.4 months for placebo overall, and 34.2 versus 27.1 months in men with bone metastases (n = 136), respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated an adjusted HR of 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35-0.78; P = 0.001] for PFS and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.42-0.97; P = 0.034) for OS, favoring tasquinimod. Time-to-symptomatic progression was improved with tasquinimod (P = 0.039, HR = 0.42). Toxicities tended to be mild in nature and improved over time. Biomarker analyses suggested a favorable impact on bone alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) over time and a transient induction of inflammatory biomarkers, VEGF-A, and thrombospondin-1 levels with tasquinimod. Baseline levels of thrombospondin-1 less than the median were predictive of treatment benefit.The survival observed in this trial of men with minimally symptomatic mCRPC suggests that the prolongation in PFS with tasquinimod may lead to a survival advantage in this setting, particularly among men with skeletal metastases, and has a favorable risk:benefit ratio.