tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Notes on Laceration of the Cervix uteri; its Causes and Treatment
Authors: J. H. Bennet
Journal: BMJ (1881)

Mly object in bringing forward the subject which forms the title of the present communication is principally to initiate a discussion, to learn myself from others.The presence of so many illustrious obstetricians, representing many nationalities and many schools, affords an admirable opportunity of obtaining an authoritative expression of opinion as to the etiology and treatment of this lesion.New views respecting the causes and treatment of laceration of the cervix uteri have been brought forward of late years by eminent American and German gynaecologists, and promulgated by them with great enthusiasm and authority.As the time allotted is very limited, I intend to confine myself principally to the enunciation of my own opinions, founded on a long life of clinical observation * and I may thus early state that these opinions are decidedly antagonisti.to what I may term the recent American doc- trines.At the same time, I wish it to be well understood that I feel the greatest esteem and respect for the talented gyntecologists whose opinions I combat.These doctrines, the principal exponents of which are Dr. Emmet (Principles of Gyntecoogty), and Dr. Pallen of New York, may be repro- duced in a few words.Dr. Pallen, it may be remarked, is much more exaggerated in his views than Dr. Emmet.He states that he has operated in 500 cases.Firstly, it is said that laceration of the cervix, as an accident con- nected with parturition, is very common; indeed, so common, that it was found by Dr. Pallen, at the Gyntecological Clinic of the University Medical College of New York, in more than 200 cases out of 900 patients there treated.Secondly, it is laid down as an axiom that these lacerations, as such -as mere lacerations-are a most fertile cause of uterine disease, of hypertrophy, defective involution, displacements, leucorrhcea, sterility, etc.; that they are also a frequent cause of post partumn hzemorrhage, of septictemia, of mettitis, and of puerperal fever; and that the proper, and the only proper, treatment is a plastic surgical operation, viz., sewing up the lips of the laceration.It is laid down as a rule by Dr. Pallen, in his memoir read before the British Mledical Association at Cambridge, i88o (BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, May 14th and May 2ISt, i88i), that the sooner the plastic operation is performed after parturition, the better it is for the patient, as with laceration of the perinceum.In this memoir, the fol- lowing axioms are laid down peremptorily by Dr. Pallen: that the operation can and should be performed as soon as discovered, imme- diately after parturition, or within a few days after parturition;
Fasting and recovery from exercise
Authors: Louise Burke
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Recovery after strenuous exercise involves processes that are dependent on fluid and food intake. Current sports nutrition guidelines provide recommendations for the quantity and timing of consumption of nutrients to optimise recovery issues such as refuelling, rehydration and protein synthesis for repair and adaptation. Recovery of immune and antioxidant systems is important but less well documented. In some cases, there is little effective recovery until nutrients are supplied, while in others, the stimulus for recovery is strongest in the period immediately after exercise. Lack of appropriate nutritional support will reduce adaption to exercise and impair preparation for future bouts. Ramadan represents a special case of intermittent fasting undertaken by many athletes during periods of training as well as important competitive events. The avoidance of fluid and food intake from sunrise to sundown involves prolonged periods without intake of nutrients, inflexibility with the timing of eating and drinking over the day and around an exercise session, and changes to usual dietary choices due to the special foods involved with various rituals. These outcomes will all challenge the athlete's ability to recover optimally between exercise sessions undertaken during the fast or from day to day.
MicroRNA-638 is highly expressed in human vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits PDGF-BB-induced cell proliferation and migration through targeting orphan nuclear receptor NOR1
Authors: Pan Li, Yan Liu, Bing Yi, Guokun Wang, Xiaohua You, Xianxian Zhao, Ross Summer, Yongwen Qin, Jianxin Sun
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

AimsAberrant vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration contribute significantly to the development of vascular pathologies, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. MicroRNAs have recently emerged as critical modulators in cellular processes and the purpose of this study is to identify novel miRNA regulators implicated in human aortic VSMC proliferation and migration.
Cystic Fibrosis, Pediatrics, Control of Breathing, Pulmonary Physiology and Anatomy, and Surfactant Biology in <i>AJRCCM</i> in 2004
Authors: Andrew Bush, Frank Accurso, William MacNee, Stephen C. Lazarus, Edward Abraham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London; MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; The Children’s Hospital, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Rituximab in Children with Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Pietro Ravani, Roberta Rossi, Alice Bonanni, Robert R. Quinn, Felice Sica, Monica Bodria, Andrea Pasini, Giovanni Montini, Alberto Edefonti, Mirco Belingheri, Donatella De Giovanni, Giancarlo Barbano, Ludovica Degl’Innocenti, Francesco Scolari, Luisa Murer, Jochen Reiser, Alessia Fornoni, Gian Marco Ghiggeri
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) carries a high risk of toxicity from steroids or steroid-sparing agents. This open-label, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial at four sites in Italy tested whether rituximab is noninferior to steroids in maintaining remission in juvenile SDNS. We enrolled children age 1-16 years who had developed SDNS in the previous 6-12 months and were maintained in remission with high prednisone doses (≥0.7 mg/kg per day). We randomly assigned participants to continue prednisone alone for 1 month (control) or to add a single intravenous infusion of rituximab (375 mg/m(2); intervention). Prednisone was tapered in both groups after 1 month. For noninferiority, rituximab had to permit steroid withdrawal and maintain 3-month proteinuria (mg/m(2) per day) within a prespecified noninferiority margin of three times the levels among controls (primary outcome). We followed participants for ≥1 year to compare risk of relapse (secondary outcome). Fifteen children per group (21 boys; mean age, 7 years [range, 2.6-13.5 years]) were enrolled and followed for ≤60 months (median, 22 months). Three-month proteinuria was 42% lower in the rituximab group (geometric mean ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 1.95 [i.e., within the noninferiority margin of three times the levels in controls]). All but one child in the control group relapsed within 6 months; median time to relapse in the rituximab group was 18 months (95% confidence interval, 9 to 32 months). In the rituximab group, nausea and skin rash during infusion were common; transient acute arthritis occurred in one child. In conclusion, rituximab was noninferior to steroids for the treatment of juvenile SDNS.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages: The Double-Edged Sword in Cancer Progression
Authors: Jeremy J.W. Chen, Yi-Chen Lin, Pei-Li Yao, Ang Yuan, Hsang-Yu Chen, Chia-Tung Shun, Meng-Feng Tsai, Chun-Houh Chen, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Inflammation plays a critical role in cancer progression. In this study we investigate the pro-tumorigenic activities and gene expression profiles of lung cancer cells after interaction with macrophages.We measured intratumoral microvessel counts and macrophage density in 41 lung cancer tumor specimens and correlated these with the patients' clinical outcome. The interaction between macrophages and cancer cell lines was assessed using a transwell coculture system. The invasive potential was evaluated by in vitro invasion assay. The matrix-degrading activity was assayed by gelatin zymography. The microarray was applied to a large-scale analysis of the genes involved in the interaction, as well as to monitor the gene expression profiles of lung cancer cells responding to anti-inflammatory drugs in cocultures.The macrophage density positively correlated with microvessel counts and negatively correlated with patient relapse-free survival (P < .05). After coculture with macrophages, lung cancer cell lines exhibited higher invasive potentials and matrix-degrading activities. We identified 50 genes by microarray that were upregulated more than two-fold in cancer cells after coculture. Northern blot analyses confirmed some gene expression such as interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. The two-dimensional hierarchical clustering also demonstrated that the gene expression profiles of lung cancer cells responding to various anti-inflammatory drugs in cocultures are distinct.The interaction of lung cancer cells and macrophages can promote the invasiveness and matrix-degrading activity of cancer cells. Our results also suggest that a great diversity of gene expression occurs in this interaction, which may assist us in understanding the process of cancer metastasis.
Steroids and histone deacetylase in ventilation-induced gene transcription
Authors: H. Dombrowsky, S. Uhlig
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Histone acetylation and deacetylation promote and repress gene transcription, respectively. Recruitment of histone deacetylases (HDAC) to sites of inflammatory gene transcription has been proposed to explain part of the anti-inflammatory activity of steroids. To examine whether this concept extends to other inflammatory conditions, the current authors investigated the role of histone acetylation and the effects of steroids on the ventilation-induced induction of pro-inflammatory genes. Isolated perfused mouse lungs were ventilated for 180 min with low peak inspiratory pressure of 10 cmH 2 O or high peak inspiratory pressure of 22.5 cmH 2 O (overventilation) and treated with the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), the steroid dexamethasone or both. Overventilation increased histone acetylation at H4K12, as well as gene and protein expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2α and interleukin (IL)-6; these effects were reversed by dexamethasone. In the presence or absence of dexamethasone, TSA enhanced overventilation-induced induction of TNF and MIP-2α, but decreased that of IL-6, indicating that the effects of HDAC are gene dependent. Thus, H4K12 acetylation and its regulation by steroids may be relevant for inflammatory gene transcription during overventilation. Histone deacetylases appear to play an important gene-dependent regulatory role in this process, with the caveat that histones are not the only substrates of histone deacetylase isoenzymes.
Clinical Lecture on Certain Conditions of the Hand and Arm which Interfere with the Performance of Professional Acts, Especially Piano-Playing
Authors: G. V. Poore
Journal: BMJ (1887)

I have sought for evidence on this point, but have not yet found it.The ordinary geological maps scarcely refer to the surface-soil, and the agricultural statistics deal with the acreage devoted to the cultivation of different crops.I do not yet know whether there are any statistics which refer to the character of the surface-soil of the whole country, or to the proportion of the inhabitants to the various surface-soils.Our returns may be said to have suipplemented Mr. Haviland's more general observations in certain directions.In the first place, we have more definite information regarding the actual character of the soil on which the residence of the patient is situated than he was able to furnish ; and, although we cannot place an absolute value on the knowledge, yet it is of such a kind that it may lay the foundation for very valuable knowledge in the course of the next few years.Further, we learn that residence at an elevation of more than 1,300 feet, on a light sandy soil, with a subsoil foundation of limestone, on a hill in the country, at a distance from river or stream, apparently under very favourable circumstances for the maintenance of health, is not sufficient to protcct the individual from cancer.Before taking leave of this subject, I would venture to point out certain difficulties in the complete acceptance of Mr. Haviland's Geographical Distribution of Cancer, for which I can at the same time express my admiration.Comparing the map with the text, I cannot but be struck with the infrequency of cancer in certain well-watered districts, such as Ulverton, watered by the river Leven ; and the Ipswich portions of Suffolk, watered by the Orwell and the Deven.
Does progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma exist?
Authors: M. van Steensel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Does progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma exist? Get access M. Van Steensel M. Van Steensel Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands. E‐mail: mauricevansteensel@mac.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 5, 1 May 2004, Pages 1043–1045, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05965.x Published: 01 May 2004
Heterogeneity and clinical significance of glomerular-binding antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: J B Lefkowith, M Kiehl, J Rubenstein, R DiValerio, K Bernstein, L Kahl, R L Rubin, M Gourley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We used an ELISA employing extracts of human glomerular basement membrane (GBM) to detect, characterize, and evaluate the clinical significance of glomerular-binding IgG in patients with SLE nephritis. Most patients with SLE nephritis exhibited GBM-binding IgG, although many patients with active nonrenal SLE or symptomatic, drug-induced lupus had similar reactivity, albeit at lower levels. IgG binding to GBM in SLE nephritis patients was decreased by DNase pretreatment of GBM, restored after DNase with nuclear antigens (most notably with nucleosomes), inhibited by exogenous nuclear antigens (particularly nucleosomes), but unaffected by exposure of serum to DNase/high ionic strength. The characteristics of IgG binding to GBM largely paralleled the patients' underlying autoimmune response, which was dominated either by antibodies to DNA/nucleosomes or to nucleosomes alone. Binding of lupus sera to nonrenal extracellular matrix (even with nucleosomes) was not equivalent to GBM. Collagenase pretreatment of GBM variably decreased IgG binding, depending on the level and type of binding. SLE nephritis patients with high levels of GBM-binding IgG exhibited more severe disease clinically, but the same renal histopathology, as patients with lower levels. The level of GBM-binding IgG at presentation did not predict the therapeutic response, but decreased in responders to therapy. In sum, glomerular-binding IgG in lupus nephritis binds to epitopes on chromatin, which adheres to GBM in part via collagen. These autoantibodies appear necessary, but not sufficient, for the development of nephritis, and correlate with clinical rather than histopathologic parameters of disease activity.
Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy on Expression and DNA-Binding Activity of Nuclear Factor κ B in Asthma
Authors: LORRAINE HART, SAM LIM, IAN ADCOCK, PETER J. BARNES, K. FAN CHUNG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We determined whether inhaled corticosteroid therapy modulates the expression of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κ B), in patients with asthma. Fifteen stable patients with mild asthma underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with bronchial biopsies in a double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study after placebo or after inhaled fluticasone propionate (500 μ g twice daily). Fluticasone reduced the number of eosinophils in BAL fluid (BALF) and in airway biopsies, together with an improvement of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine. However, NF- κ B DNA-binding in alveolar macrophages and in bronchial biopsies was not affected by fluticasone treatment. NF- κ B expression was also measured by immunohistochemical staining with an antibody to the p65 component of NF- κ B. Fluticasone caused an increase in the number of positive nuclear staining cells in the airway epithelium from 34.1 ± 5.0 to 64.1 ± 8.0 per mm2 (p = 0.002). In vitro studies of A549 epithelial cells stimulated by interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ) showed that dexamethasone increased p65 protein expression analyzed by Western blot. Despite an anti-inflammatory effect of fluticasone, there was no decrease in NF- κ B–DNA binding and activation, indicating that this may not be a mechanism by which corticosteroids act in asthma. The significance of corticosteroid-induced increase in p65 protein expression is not known. Hart L, Lim S, Adcock I, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Effects of inhaled corticosteroid therapy on expression and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor κ B in asthma.
The Esophageal Obturator Airway
Authors: J. Philip Smith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The esophageal obturator airway (EOA) has been considered a beneficial ventilatory technique for use in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). At present, seven studies in the literature compare the EOA with other means of ventilation in humans; only one is an actual field study of its effectiveness. We reviewed the available literature dealing with the device to define clearly its role in the ventilatory treatment of patients who require CPR. There appears to be no current evidence of the EOA's effectiveness for ventilation in prehospital cardiac arrest, and fatal complications have been reported with its use. The use of the EOA to replace endotracheal intubation in airway management is not substantiated in the literature.
The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584 Inhibits Aromatase
Authors: Susana Banerjee, Marketa Zvelebil, Pascal Furet, Ursula Mueller-Vieira, Dean B. Evans, Mitch Dowsett, Lesley-Ann Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Endocrine therapy is well established for the treatment of breast cancer, and antiangiogenic agents are showing considerable promise. Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways concomitantly may provide enhanced therapeutic benefit in ER-positive breast cancer. Therefore, the effects of the VEGF receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584 (PTK/ZK) were investigated using human breast cancer cell lines engineered to express aromatase. As expected in this system, estrogen (E2) or androstenedione induced a proliferative response and increased ER-mediated transcription in ER-positive cell lines expressing aromatase. However, surprisingly, in the presence of androstenedione, PTK/ZK suppressed both the androstenedione-stimulated proliferation and ER-mediated transcription. PTK/ZK alone and in the presence of E2 had no observable effect on proliferation or ER-mediated transcription. These effects result from PTK/ZK having previously unrecognized antiaromatase activity and PTK/ZK being a competitive aromatase inhibitor. Computer-assisted molecular modeling showed that PTK/ZK could potentially bind directly to aromatase. The demonstration that PTK/ZK inhibits aromatase and VEGFR indicates that agents cross-inhibiting two important classes of targets in breast cancer could be developed. [Cancer Res 2009;69(11):4716–23]
Adenosine levels in the exhaled breath condensate: a potential surrogate marker of airway inflammation
Authors: L. Spicuzza, G.U. Di Maria, R. Polosa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

To the Editor: 

We would like to congratulate Huszar et al. 1 on their important and meticulous study demonstrating elevated adenosine levels in the exhaled breath condensate of atopic asthmatic subjects compared to nonatopic controls. Their findings are in agreement with and somewhat complementary to previous data obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2, thus adding to the …
Association of factor XI and high molecular weight kininogen in human plasma.
Authors: R E Thompson, R Mandle, A P Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Factor XI and high molecular weight kininogen were found associated in normal human plasma at mol wt 380,000 as assessed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The molecular weight of Factor XI in high molecular weight kininogen-deficient plasma was 175,000, the same value obtained for purified Factor XI. When high molecular weight kininogen-deficient plasma was reconstituted with purified high molecular weight kininogen, all of the Factor XI was then found at mol wt 380,000. Complex formation was also demonstrable upon incubation of Factor XI and highly purified high molecular weight kininogen. This complex was distinct from the prekallikrein-high molecular weight kininogen complex; thus high molecular weight kininogen forms bimolecular complexes with either Factor XI or prekallikrein but does not form a trimolecular complex that includes both Factor XI and prekallikrein. Neither Hageman factor nor plasminogen were found associated with high molecular weight kininogen; binding to high molecular weight kininogen appeared to be a specific property of the Hageman factor substrates.
Telemonitoring and self-management in the control of hypertension (TASMINH2): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Richard J McManus, Jonathan Mant, Emma P Bray, Roger Holder, Miren I Jones, Sheila Greenfield, Billingsley Kaambwa, Miriam Banting, Stirling Bryan, Paul Little, Bryan Williams, FD Richard Hobbs
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
The EP4 Receptor for Prostaglandin E2 in Glomerular Disease
Authors: Matthew A. Sparks, Thomas M. Coffman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Prostanoids generated by the metabolism of arachidonic acid through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway have diverse functions in health and disease.1 The kidney is prominent among the physiologic systems affected by these ubiquitous mediators. Along with effects to modulate renal blood flow, GFR, and sodium excretion, prostanoids affect the function of the glomerular filtration barrier. This is illustrated by clinical studies showing that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit COX enzymes, attenuate the levels of proteinuria in patients with glomerular diseases.2,3 Because NSAIDs block production of all prostanoids, the specific prostanoids influencing glomerular function in this setting cannot be discerned. Moreover, because NSAIDs frequently cause adverse effects in patients with kidney disease, including acute deterioration in GFR and exacerbation of hypertension, this approach to antiproteinuric therapy has limited applications.

In experimental models of glomerular disease, a number of studies have indicated beneficial effects of more specific pharmacologic inhibitors that block individual prostanoid synthetic pathways or receptors. More recently, this issue has been explored using modern molecular genetics. For example, Harris and associates4,5 showed that overexpression of the inducible COX isoform, COX2, in podocytes of transgenic mice enhances susceptibility to glomerular injury caused by adriamycin or puromycin. This was due, at least in part, to exaggerated production of thromboxane A2 and activation of the thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptor.6 These findings are consistent with older studies showing efficacy of …