tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cost Effectiveness of Positron Emission Tomography in Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Unconfirmed Complete Remission or Partial Remission After First-Line Therapy
Authors: Juliano J. Cerci, Evelinda Trindade, Luís F. Pracchia, Felipe A. Pitella, Camila C.G. Linardi, José Soares, Dominique Delbeke, Leigh-Ann Topfer, Valeria Buccheri, José C. Meneghetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose To assess the cost effectiveness of fluorine-18–fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with unconfirmed complete remission (CRu) or partial remission (PR) after first-line treatment. Patients and Methods One hundred thirty patients with HL were prospectively studied. After treatment, all patients with CRu/PR were evaluated with FDG-PET. In addition, PET-negative patients were evaluated with standard follow-up, and PET-positive patients were evaluated with biopsies of the positive lesions. Local unit costs of procedures and tests were evaluated. Cost effectiveness was determined by evaluating projected annual economic impact of strategies without and with FDG-PET on HL management. Results After treatment, CRu/PR was observed in 50 (40.0%) of the 127 patients; the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of FDG-PET were 100%, 92.0%, 92.3%, and 100%, respectively (accuracy of 95.9%). Local restaging costs without PET were $350,050 compared with $283,262 with PET, a 19% decrease. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is −$3,268 to detect one true case. PET costs represented 1% of total costs of HL treatment. Simulated costs in the 974 patients registered in the 2008 Brazilian public health care database showed that the strategy including restaging PET would have a total program cost of $56,498,314, which is $516,942 less than without restaging PET, resulting in a 1% cost saving. Conclusion FDG-PET demonstrated 95.9% accuracy in restaging for patients with HL with CRu/PR after first-line therapy. Given the observed probabilities, FDG-PET is highly cost effective and would reduce costs for the public health care program in Brazil.
Response to Combined Molecular Targeting: Defining the Role of P-STAT3
Authors: Ann Marie Egloff, Jennifer R. Grandis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Src family kinase (SFK)-targeting agents are currently undergoing clinical investigation for treatment of solid malignancies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-independent phosphorylation of STAT3 (P-STAT3) has been identified as a mechanism of tumor resistance to agents targeting SFK. Tumor P-STAT3 levels may be an important indicator of EGFR- and SKF-targeted antitumor treatment efficacy.
Antibiotics for Abdominal Sepsis
Authors: Richard P. Wenzel, Michael B. Edmond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Major milestones in surgery have included safe sutures to promote tissue integrity, cautery to minimize bleeding, the use of anesthesia to avoid pain, and antisepsis to prevent operative contamination. In the antibiotic era, surgical procedures for source control in abdominal sepsis have been complemented with drugs targeting persistent organisms after luminal inflammation, obstruction, or perforation.The appropriate duration of postsurgical antibiotic therapy has been unclear.1 However, if safe, shorter courses would be desirable to minimize drug-related adverse events, the selection of antibiotic resistance, and costs.In this issue of the Journal, Sawyer and colleagues2 present data from the Study . . .
The role of oxidants and free radicals in reperfusion injury
Authors: J ZWEIER, M TALUKDER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

While timely reperfusion of acute ischemic myocardium is essential for myocardial salvage, reperfusion results in a unique form of myocardial damage. Functional alterations occur, including depressed contractile function and decreased coronary flow as well as altered vascular reactivity. Both myocardial stunning and infarction are seen. Over the last two decades, it has become increasingly clear that oxidant and oxygen radical formation is greatly increased in the post-ischemic heart and serves as a critical central mechanism of post-ischemic injury. This oxidant formation is generated through a series of interacting pathways in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells and triggers subsequent leukocyte chemotaxis and inflammation. Nitric oxide (NO) production and NO levels are also greatly increased in ischemic and post-ischemic myocardium, and this occurs through NO synthase (NOS)-dependent NO formation and NOS-independent nitrite reduction. Recently, it has been shown that the pathways of oxygen radical and NO generation interact and can modulate each other. Under conditions of oxidant stress, NOS can switch from NO to oxygen radical generation. Under ischemic conditions, xanthine oxidase can reduce nitrite to generate NO. NO and peroxynitrite can inhibit pathways of oxygen radical generation, and, in turn, oxidants can inhibit NO synthesis from NOS. Ischemic preconditioning markedly decreases NO and oxidant generation, and this appears to be an important mechanism contributing to preconditioning-induced myocardial protection.
Immunohistochemical evidence of local production of catecholamines in cells of the muscle origins at the lateral and medial humeral epicondyles: of importance for the development of tennis and golfer's elbow?
Authors: E Zeisig, B-O Ljung, H Alfredson, P Danielson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Background: Tennis elbow (TE) is a painful condition affecting the common extensor origin at the lateral humeral epicondyle. Colour Doppler examination has shown increased blood flow at this site and the sensory, and sympathetic innervation patterns have been delineated. However, it is not known whether there is local production of catecholamines and/or acetylcholine in this tissue, which is the case in patellar and Achilles tendinopathies. Objective: To investigate the possible presence of local production of catecholamines and acetylcholine in non-neuronal cells (fibroblasts) in connective tissue at the muscle origin at the lateral humeral epicondyle in patients with TE. Design: Immunohistochemical studies were performed on biopsies taken from the extensor origin in patients with TE and in pain-free controls. For reference purpose, biopsies from the flexor origin in patients with golfer’s elbow (GE) were also studied. Patients: Seven patients with TE and four patients with GE. Six healthy asymptomatic individuals served as controls. Method: Immunohistochemistry, using antibodies detecting synthesising enzymes for catecholamines (tyrosine hydroxylase; TH) and acetylcholine (choline acetyltransferase; ChAT). Results: TH-like immunohistochemical reactions were seen in fibroblasts in four of the seven patients with TE and two of the four patients with GE. No such reactions were detected in controls (0/6). No ChAT reactions were seen in any of the investigated specimens. Conclusions: There is evidence of local, non-neuronal production of catecholamines, but not acetylcholine, in fibroblasts in the tissue at the muscle origin at the lateral and medial epicondyles in patients with TE and GE, respectively, which might have an influence on blood vessel regulation and pain mechanisms in these conditions.
Left Ventricular Mass Increases With Deteriorating Glucose Tolerance, Especially in Women: Independence of Increased Arterial Stiffness or Decreased Flow-Mediated Dilation
Authors: Ronald M.A. Henry, Otto Kamp, Piet J. Kostense, Annemieke M.W. Spijkerman, Jacqueline M. Dekker, Rosemarie van Eijck, Giel Nijpels, Robert J. Heine, Lex M. Bouter, Coen D.A. Stehouwer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) are associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Increased left ventricular mass (LVM) is thought to increase CVD risk through several unfavorable cardiac changes. Type 2 diabetes and IGM are associated with increased LVM, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We investigated the association between glucose tolerance status (GTS) and LVM and explored whether any such association could be mediated through increased arterial stiffness, impaired endothelial function, or the presence of atherosclerosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used ultrasound to measure LVM, carotid and femoral stiffness, carotid-femoral transit time, and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and tonometry to estimate compliance and augmentation index. The study population (n = 780) consisted of 287 individuals with normal glucose metabolism (NGM), 179 with IGM, and 314 with type 2 diabetes, and the mean age was 68.4 years. RESULTS—In women, after adjusting for age, height, BMI, and mean arterial pressure, LVM increased significantly with deteriorating GTS (LVM 157 g in NGM, 155 g in IGM, and 169 g in type 2 diabetes; P for trend &amp;lt;0.018). Additional adjustment for arterial stiffness, FMD, or the presence of atherosclerosis did not materially alter the results, even though these variables were significantly associated with both GTS and LVM. Indexes of hyperglycemia/-insulinemia or insulin resistance explained at most 7% of the association between GTS and LVM. In men, no statistically significant associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS—Our data expand the conceptual view of the pathogenesis of GTS-related changes in LVM because we show that the increase in LVM in women is independent of increased arterial stiffness, impaired FMD, or the presence of atherosclerosis. In addition, we show that this increase in LVM is only minimally explained by indexes of hyperglycemia/-insulinemia or insulin resistance. Our data may, in part, explain the increased CVD risk seen in women with deteriorating GTS.
Starch granulomatosis of the peritoneum.
Authors: J F Colin, C Wastell, G Hymnan
Journal: BMJ (1971)

47sarcoma, the histological appearances were those of a "hard fibroma," and the long history and complete lack of metastases do not suggest a malignant neoplasm.In retro- spect this was almost certainly the first account of the disease described some 10 years later by Riedel, and incidentally, of its association (and contiguity) with idio- pathic mediastinal fibrosis.Perhaps this tantalizing group of diseases, with its cumbersome and variable nomenclature, should be called "Bowlby's disease".-I am, etc.
Adenylyl Cyclase VI Mediates Vasopressin-Stimulated ENaC Activity
Authors: Karl P. Roos, Vladislav Bugaj, Elena Mironova, James D. Stockand, Nirupama Ramkumar, Sara Rees, Donald E. Kohan
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Vasopressin modulates sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct through adenylyl cyclase-stimulated cyclic AMP, which exists as multiple isoforms; the specific isoform involved in vasopressin-stimulated sodium transport is unknown. To assess this, we studied mice deficient in adenylyl cyclase type VI specifically in the principal cells of the collecting duct. Knockout mice had increased urine volume and reduced urine sodium concentration, but regardless of the level of sodium intake, they did not exhibit significant alterations in urinary sodium excretion, arterial pressure, or pulse rate. Plasma renin concentration was elevated in knockout mice, however, suggesting a compensatory response. Valsartan significantly reduced arterial pressure in knockout mice but not in controls. Knockout mice had decreased renal cortical mRNA content of all three epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) isoforms, and total cell sodium channel isoforms α and γ were reduced in these animals. Patch-clamp analysis of split-open cortical collecting ducts revealed no difference in baseline activity of sodium channels, but knockout mice had abolished vasopressin-stimulated ENaC open probability and apical membrane channel number. In summary, these data suggest that adenylyl cyclase VI mediates vasopressin-stimulated ENaC activity in the kidney.
Cognitive Behavioral Techniques for Hypertension: Are They Effective?
Authors: David M. Eisenberg, Thomas L. Delbanco, Catherine S. Berkey, Ted J. Kaptchuk, Bruce Kupelnick, Jackie Kuhl, Thomas C. Chalmers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Purpose: To assess by analysis of published controlled trials the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapies (such as biofeedback, relaxation, meditation) for essential hypertension. Data Identification: Randomized controlled trials published in the English language between 1970 and 1991 identified from the MEDLINE database and bibliographic references from these articles. Study Selection: Limited to studies involving randomized assignment to a treatment group consisting of one or more cognitive behavioral interventions or a concurrent control group consisting of no therapy, a waiting list, regular monitoring, or placebo intervention. Results of Data Synthesis: Although we identified more than 800 published works, only 26 met entry criteria. We identified a number of methodologic shortcomings, including small sample size, inconsistencies regarding baseline blood pressure determinations and types of control groups, and the possibility of confounding by multiple noncognitive cointerventions (diet, exercise) and expectancy (the placebo effect). In meta-analyses involving 1264 patients, differences in mean blood pressure reduction varied according to the duration of baseline blood pressure measurements and type of control groups studied. In 16 comparisons involving baseline periods of more than 1 day, with patients (n = 368) assigned to either a cognitive therapy or a placebo intervention (sham biofeedback, pseudo-meditation), systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased by 2.8 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.8 to 6.4) and 1.3 mm Hg (CI, 1.3 to 3.8), respectively. These changes were neither statistically nor clinically significant. Conclusion: Cognitive interventions for essential hypertension are superior to no therapy but not superior to credible sham techniques or to self-monitoring alone. The literature on this subject is limited by a variety of methodologic inadequacies. No single cognitive behavioral technique appears to be more effective than any other.
Alcohol Consumption at Midlife and Successful Ageing in Women: A Prospective Cohort Analysis in the Nurses' Health Study
Authors: Qi Sun, Mary K. Townsend, Olivia I. Okereke, Eric B. Rimm, Frank B. Hu, Meir J. Stampfer, Francine Grodstein
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Background Observational studies have documented inverse associations between moderate alcohol consumption and risk of premature death. It is largely unknown whether moderate alcohol intake is also associated with overall health and well-being among populations who have survived to older age. In this study, we prospectively examined alcohol use assessed at midlife in relation to successful ageing in a cohort of US women. Methods and Findings Alcohol consumption at midlife was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Subsequently, successful ageing was defined in 13,894 Nurses' Health Study participants who survived to age 70 or older, and whose health status was continuously updated. "Successful ageing" was considered as being free of 11 major chronic diseases and having no major cognitive impairment, physical impairment, or mental health limitations. Analyses were restricted to the 98.1% of participants who were not heavier drinkers (>45 g/d) at midlife. Of all eligible study participants, 1,491 (10.7%) achieved successful ageing. After multivariable adjustment of potential confounders, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption at midlife was associated with modestly increased odds of successful ageing. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.0 (referent) for nondrinkers, 1.11 (0.96–1.29) for ≤5.0 g/d, 1.19 (1.01–1.40) for 5.1–15.0 g/d, 1.28 (1.03–1.58) for 15.1–30.0 g/d, and 1.24 (0.87–1.76) for 30.1–45.0 g/d. Meanwhile, independent of total alcohol intake, participants who drank alcohol at regular patterns throughout the week, rather than on a single occasion, had somewhat better odds of successful ageing; for example, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.29 (1.01–1.64) and 1.47 (1.14–1.90) for those drinking 3–4 days and 5–7 days per week in comparison with nondrinkers, respectively, whereas the odds ratio was 1.10 (0.94–1.30) for those drinking only 1–2 days per week. Conclusions These data suggest that regular, moderate consumption of alcohol at midlife may be related to a modest increase in overall health status among women who survive to older ages. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Authors' reply to Smith, Forsyth, Coffey and Prendergast, and Soskolne
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Thank you for these responses.

There seems to be some confusion about the extent of The BMJ ’s new policy as set out in our recent editorial.1 The policy applies only to editorials and clinical educational articles designed to guide patient care and does not extend to other types of article published in The BMJ . Moreover it precludes only those authors with a relevant commercial interest—one that relates directly to the topic of the article. Authors with relevant ties to commercial companies will still be welcome to write articles that are not editorials or clinical education articles for the journal. They may also be invited to write clinical education articles if their commercial interests have nothing to do with the article’s topic. In answer to Richard Smith,2 GPs will still be invited to write articles …
FDG-PET after two cycles of chemotherapy predicts treatment failure and progression-free survival in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Martin Hutchings, Annika Loft, Mads Hansen, Lars Møller Pedersen, Thora Buhl, Jesper Jurlander, Simon Buus, Susanne Keiding, Francesco D'Amore, Anne-Marie Boesen, Anne Kiil Berthelsen, Lena Specht
Journal: Blood (2005)
Clinical heterogeneity of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: a national survey of the Korean Cancer Study Group
Authors: T M Kim, S-Y Lee, Y K Jeon, B-Y Ryoo, G J Cho, Y S Hong, H J Kim, S-Y Kim, C S Kim, S Kim, J S Kim, S K Sohn, H H Song, J L Lee, Y K Kang, C Y Yim, W S Lee, Y J Yuh, C W Kim, D S Heo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
SLOUGHING OF THE LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT FOLLOWING PLACENTA PRAEVIA: LAPAROTOMY: RECOVERY
Authors: J. R. C. Canney
Journal: BMJ (1921)

MALARIA may simulate very many internal diseases, but we are not aware of cases of malarial glycosuria and malarial diabetes having been placed on record; the following two cases may therefore be of some interest.CASE I. J. F. S., a demobilized soldier aged 32, was admitted to the Tropical Section of Orpington Hospital on April 13th, 1921, as a case of malaria.He had his first attac!k in August, 1916, wben malignant tertian parasites were found; sinoe then he had had numerous relapses.On admission the tbmnperature was 98.80, and the pnlse 120; the patient was pale and tremulous; he stated that he had lost flesh aind complained of great weakness, Physical examination of the chest revealed nothing worthy of note.The spreen was not palpable.No malarial parasites were present in the blood.Differential count: Polymorpho.
Detection of small airway dysfunction in asymptomatic smokers using aerosol bolus behavior.
Authors: P J Anderson, K G Hardy, L P Gann, R Cole, F C Hiller
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Tests using inhaled particles assess ventilatory nonuniformities and may be sensitive to early changes in the small airways of cigarette smokers. We measured aerosol bolus behavior in 20 asymptomatic smokers and 20 age- and sex-matched nonsmokers for comparison with pulmonary function parameters including the single-breath nitrogen test. Narrow boluses containing 1-micron particles were introduced into 1-I breaths and inhaled to varying lung depths. We examined changes in bolus shape between inhalation and exhalation using plots of aerosol concentration versus respired volume for measurement of bolus dispersion, volumetric change in mean location (mean shift), and quantitative particle deposition. We found exhaled bolus dispersion to be significantly increased in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Volumetric mean shift was significantly different in smokers at shallow lung depths, with the center of bolus mass occurring later in exhalation. FEV1/FVC in smokers was significantly inversely correlated with dispersion at deeper lung depths and with mean shift at all lung depths. Smokers with abnormal spirometry (n = 4) or an abnormal single-breath nitrogen test (n = 7) had significantly increased dispersion compared with smokers with normal pulmonary function tests. We conclude that aerosol bolus dispersion is a useful tool for examination of small airway function in asymptomatic smokers.
Viral double-stranded RNA sensors induce antiviral, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic responses in human renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Kirstin M. Heutinck, Ajda T. Rowshani, Jorien Kassies, Nike Claessen, Karlijn A.M.I. van Donselaar-van der Pant, Fréderike J. Bemelman, Eric Eldering, René A.W. van Lier, Sandrine Florquin, Ineke J.M. ten Berge, Jörg Hamann
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Neuregulin-1β Is Associated With Disease Severity and Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Bonnie Ky, Stephen E. Kimmel, Radwan N. Safa, Mary E. Putt, Nancy K. Sweitzer, James C. Fang, Douglas B. Sawyer, Thomas P. Cappola
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a paracrine factor released by microvascular endothelial cells that has cardioprotective effects in animal models of heart failure. However, circulating NRG-1 has not been studied in human heart disease. We used a novel immunoassay to test whether circulating NRG-1β is associated with disease severity and clinical outcomes in chronic heart failure. Methods and Results— Serum NRG-1β was quantified in 899 outpatients in the Penn Heart Failure Study, a referral cohort representing a broad spectrum of systolic heart failure. Circulating NRG-1β was significantly elevated in patients with worse disease severity (median, 6.2 ng/mL for New York Heart Association class IV versus 4.4 ng/mL for class I; P =0.002). In adjusted models, NRG-1β was independently associated with an increased risk of death or cardiac transplantation over a median follow-up of 2.4 years (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.39; P =0.03 comparing fourth versus first NRG-1β quartile). Associations with outcome differed by heart failure cause and symptom severity, with the strongest associations observed in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (interaction P =0.008) and New York Heart Association class III/IV symptoms (interaction P =0.01). These findings were all independent of brain natriuretic peptide, and assessment of NRG-1β and brain natriuretic peptide jointly provided better risk stratification than each biomarker individually in patients with ischemic or New York Heart Association class III/IV heart failure. Conclusions— Circulating NRG-1β is independently associated with heart failure severity and risk of death or cardiac transplantation. These findings support a role for NRG-1/ErbB signaling in human heart failure and identify serum NRG-1β as a novel biomarker that may have clinical applications.