tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histopathology of cell mediated immune reaction in mouse colon--allograft rejection.
Authors: R J Holden, A Ferguson
Journal: Gut (1976)

Grafts of mouse fetal colon, implanted beneath the renal capsule of adult hosts, have been used to study the growth and development of colonic isografts and the rejection of colonic allografts. Isografts grew normally and maintained a structure similar to normal colon. Grafts between strains with H2 histocompatibility differences were rejected by 13 days after transplantation. Early progressive infiltration of the grafts by lymphoid cells was followed by increasing damage to, and subsequent loss of, the epithelial cell layer and destruction of the underlying muscle, changes which parallel those seen in rejection of skin and small bowel. The increase in survival time which is seen in allografts between strains with H2 identity was longer in the colon than has been seen in the skin or small bowel; none of the allografts of colon were completely rejected before 30 days, and some remained viable at 50 days. Comparison of the appearances of rejection in the colon with those of ulcerative colitis and colonic Crohn9s disease does not show the striking similarity which is seen between small bowel rejection and coeliac disease. Many of the individual features of these diseases are, however, present in the course of colonic rejection.
Tumor-Infiltrating Cytotoxic T Cells but not Regulatory T Cells Predict Outcome in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gerhard G. Grabenbauer, Godehard Lahmer, Luitpold Distel, Gerald Niedobitek
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are a possible prognostic factor in solid tumors. Cytotoxic TILs are generally considered as prognostically favorable, whereas regulatory T cells (Treg) may have adverse effects by virtue of their ability to inhibit effector cells. We have evaluated the effect of T-cell subsets on survival in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma following radiochemotherapy. Methods: Biopsy specimens from 38 patients with anal carcinomas were evaluated using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry for the presence of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68 antibodies. Treg were identified using an antibody directed against the transcription factor FoxP3, and granzyme B served as a marker for cytotoxic cells. Intratumoral immune cells were enumerated using a semiautomatic image analysis program. Prognostic effect of TIL subsets was evaluated by the log-rank test comparing no evidence of disease survival for groups with high and low numbers using median values as cutoff. Results: CD3+ and CD4+ TILs influenced no evidence of disease survival: 3-year rates for patients with low numbers were 89% and 95%, respectively, and 54% (P = 0.02) and 48%, (P = 0.01), respectively, in cases with high numbers. Large numbers of tumor-infiltrating granzyme B+ cytotoxic cells had a significant negative prognostic effect (P = 0.008), whereas no effect was observed for Treg. Conclusions: TILs were identified as negative prognostic indicators in anal squamous cell carcinomas with granzyme B+ cytotoxic cells showing highest effect on outcome. This is possibly explained by the selection of therapy-resistant tumor cell clones. No prognostic influence of Treg was found. Knowledge of local immune responses is important for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies.
Continuous Low-Irradiance Photodynamic Therapy: A New Therapeutic Paradigm
Authors: Gary S. Rogers
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

A principal factor in determining the biologic consequences of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the light fluence rate. Preclinical and, more recently, clinical studies have focused on low-irradiance schemes, suggesting that prolonged light exposure, better known as CLIPT (continuous low-irradiance PDT), may improve tumor control while reducing morbidity. After a brief look at the origin of light therapy and photosensitizers, this article turns to the promising animal research supporting the use of low- and ultra-low fluence rate PDT, which serves as the basis of the ongoing CLIPT dosimetry trials for patients with chest wall progression of breast cancer. The future of CLIPT seems to be a home-based therapy using a portable, self-contained energy delivery system.
Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study
Authors: Martin J O'Donnell, Denis Xavier, Lisheng Liu, Hongye Zhang, Siu Lim Chin, Purnima Rao-Melacini, Sumathy Rangarajan, Shofiqul Islam, Prem Pais, Matthew J McQueen, Charles Mondo, Albertino Damasceno, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Graeme J Hankey, Antonio L Dans, Khalid Yusoff, Thomas Truelsen, Hans-Christoph Diener, Ralph L Sacco, Danuta Ryglewicz, Anna Czlonkowska, Christian Weimar, Xingyu Wang, Salim Yusuf
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
Dartmouth Assessment of Lifestyle Instrument (DALI): A Substance Use Disorder Screen for People With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: S D Rosenberg, R E Drake, G L Wolford, K T Mueser, T E Oxman, R M Vidaver, K L Carrieri, R Luckoor
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Despite high rates of co-occurring substance use disorder in people with severe mental illness, substance use disorder is often undetected in acute-care psychiatric settings. Because underdetection is related to the failure of traditional screening instruments with this population, the authors developed a new screen for detection of substance use disorder in people with severe mental illness.On the basis of criterion ("gold standard") diagnoses of substance use disorder for 247 patients admitted to a state hospital, the authors used logistic regression to select the best items from 10 current screening instruments and constructed a new instrument. They then tested the validity of the new instrument, compared with other screens, on an independent group of 73 admitted patients.The new screening instrument, the Dartmouth Assessment of Lifestyle Instrument (DALI), is brief, is easy to use, and exhibits high classification accuracy for both alcohol and drug (cannabis and cocaine) use disorders. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the DALI functioned significantly better than traditional instruments for both alcohol and drug use disorders.Initial findings suggest the DALI may be useful for detecting substance use disorder in acutely ill psychiatric patients. Further research is needed to validate the DALI in other settings and with other groups of psychiatric patients.
Involvement of Thromboxane Receptor in the Proatherogenic Effect of Isoprostane F <sub>2α</sub> -III
Authors: Myan Tang, Tillmann Cyrus, Yuemang Yao, Luigina Vocun, Domenico Praticò
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, where it associates with oxidative stress and formation of oxidized lipids. The lipid oxidation product isoprostane iPF 2α -III, also known as 8-isoPGF 2α and 15-F2t-IsoP, is elevated in patients with cardiovascular disease and present in atherosclerotic lesions. Several proatherogenic biological effects have been attributed to this isoprostane, suggesting that it could be an active factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods and Results— In this study we show that iPF 2α -III directly promotes atherogenesis in 2 different mouse models (ie, apolipoprotein E [apoE]– and LDL receptor–deficient mice) by activating the thromboxane receptor (TP). This effect is mediated by potent proinflammatory vascular reactions but is independent of thromboxane A 2 levels, changes in blood pressure, or lipid profile. Pharmacological antagonism of TP suppresses the vascular proatherogenic effects of iPF 2α -III. Endothelial cells genetically lacking TP show reduced inflammatory responses when stimulated with this product of lipid oxidation but not other oxidized lipids. Conclusions— Our results demonstrate that in atherosclerosis iPF 2α -III is not only a biomarker of oxidative stress but also an active mediator of its vascular phenotype. We conclude that in a clinical setting in which both thromboxane A 2 and iPF 2α -III are elevated, suppression of the first alone would not provide the most benefit for patients because the coincidental presence of the isoprostane will still have a proatherogenic effect.
Permanently Implanted Transvenous Pacemakers
Authors: MALCOLM M. MCHENRY, CHARLES G. NELSON, DONALD M. HOPKINS, EDWARD A. SMELOFF
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Three patients with complete heart block had a high resistance to electrical stimulation of the endocardium through transvenous pacemaker systems. One patient died; one needed reoperation for implantation of epicardial electrodes; and the third required a generator of higher current. The present enthusiasm for permanent transvenous implantation of pacemakers must be tempered somewhat by the knowledge that high endocardial resistance to pacing represents another cause of failure. Simple and rapid methods of determining the current necessary to stimulate the endocardium are available and should be used prior to permanent implantation of the generator. If a substantial margin of safety does not exist, one should consider substituting a pulse generator with greater output or an epicardial electrode system.
Interstitial Pressure of the Lung
Authors: ROBERT B. MELLINS, O. ROBERT LEVINE, RICHARD SKALAK, ALFRED P. FISHMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

The effects of alveolar and pleural pressures on pulmonary interstitial pressure were studied in 36 anesthetized dogs by application of Starling's law of transcapillary exchange. Fluid accumulation in the lung was produced by increasing left atrial pressure to levels always higher than alveolar pressure and by hemodilution with saline. Using a lung divider, a difference in alveolar pressure of from 5 to 14 mm Hg was achieved between the two sides in 24 dogs. Increased alveolar pressure did not reduce the rate of fluid accumulation, indicating its lack of effect on interstitial pressure. A relationship between the rate of fluid accumulation and the forces in the Starling equation was demonstrated when pleural pressure was included as an index of interstitial pressure. The rate of fluid accumulation increased markedly when interstitial pressure exceeded atmospheric. Fluid accumulation was considerably less in lobes statically inflated with plasma than in contralateral lobes ventilated with air (6 dogs); this difference could not be attributed to static inflation as opposed to ventilation (6 dogs). These findings suggest that surface tension opposes the transmission of alveolar pressure to the interstitial space. The interstitial pressure, as measured by application of Starling's law, acts on the small vessels within the alveolar-capillary membrane.
A History of Therapeutic Fashions in Psychiatry, 1800-1966
Authors: GARFIELD TOURNEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The history of therapeutic modes in psychiatry reveals a general pattern in the waxing and waning of specific somatic and psychotherapeutic treatment methods. New therapies are characteristically introduced amid tremendous enthusiasm accompanied by the reporting of remarkable cure and improvement results. In time, this initial enthusiasm declines and evaluation of results becomes increasingly conservative. Finally, the treatment is either rejected or is accepted into the general psychiatric armamentarium with decidedly more limited applicability than its early proponents claimed for it.
Altered Development of CD8+ T Cell Lineages in Mice Deficient for the Tec Kinases Itk and Rlk
Authors: Christine Broussard, Christine Fleischecker, Reiko Horai, Madeva Chetana, Ana M. Venegas, Leslie L. Sharp, Stephen M. Hedrick, B.J. Fowlkes, Pamela L. Schwartzberg
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Information, representation, and the dynamic systems approach to language
Authors: John Symons
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Shanker &amp; King (S&amp;K) provide a criticism of information-theoretic approaches to language, but the real obstacle to their dynamicist approach is the argument that representations are an indispensable part of any cognitive theory. Since the dynamicist approach has a prima facie anti-representationalist bent, the authors must show why dynamicist views can provide adequate explanations of intelligent behavior.
Quality Improvement Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Pain and Cancer Pain
Authors: Mitchell B. Max
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To develop quality improvement (QI) guidelines and programs to improve treatment outcomes for patients with acute pain and cancer pain.Twenty-four members of the American Pain Society (APS) participated in preparing the statement, including 15 nurses (oncology, general medical-surgical nursing, pediatrics, and QI research), seven physicians (clinical pharmacology, neurology, anesthesiology, radiation oncology, and physiatry), one psychologist, and one statistician. Participants were self-selected from the 3000 members of the APS, which supported the process and held annual open committee meetings and scientific symposia beginning in 1988.MEDLINE was searched (1980 to 1995) to identify all articles on pain assessment, treatment of acute pain or cancer pain, and QI or education related to pain.Following panel discussions, one member (M.B.M.) prepared successive drafts and circulated them to the panel and APS membership for comments. After publication of a prototype version in 1991, 14 panelists carried out formal studies of implementation of the guidelines at three medical centers. This article was prepared based on this research, a new literature review, and suggestions from 50 pain clinicians and researchers.Quality improvement programs to improve treatment of acute pain and cancer pain should include five key elements: (1) Assuring that a report of unrelieved pain raises a "red flag" that attracts clinicians' attention; (2) making information about analgesics convenient where orders are written; (3) promising patients responsive analgesic care and urging them to communicate pain; (4) implementing policies and safeguards for the use of modern analgesic technologies; and (5) coordinating and assessing implementation of these measures. Several short-term studies suggest that this QI approach may improve patient satisfaction and facilitate recognition of institutional obstacles to optimal pain treatment, but it is not a panacea for undertreated pain. By making the magnitude of the problem apparent and committing the institution to change, pain treatment QI programs can provide a foundation for a multifaceted approach that includes education of clinicians and patients, design of informational tools to minimize errors in prescribing, and improved coordination of the process of assessing and treating pain.
Predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Rodrigo Cavallazzi, Timothy Wiemken, Diana Christensen, Paula Peyrani, Francesco Blasi, Gur Levy, Stefano Aliberti, Robert Kelley, Julio Ramirez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The 22 risk factors suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to predict patients at risk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis have not been evaluated in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We evaluated which of the CDC risk factors best predict M. tuberculosis in these patients. To our knowledge, this is the first time a score has been developed assessing these risk factors. This was a secondary analysis of 6976 patients hospitalised with CAP enrolled in the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization International Cohort Study. Using Poisson regression, we selected the subset of risk factors that best predicted the presence of CAP due to M. tuberculosis. This subset was compared to the CDC risk factors using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Five risk factors were found to best predict CAP due to M. tuberculosis: night sweats, haemoptysis, weight loss, M. tuberculosis exposure and upper lobe infiltrate. The area under the ROC curve for all CDC risk factors was 71% and 89% for the subset of five risk factors. The CDC-suggested risk factors are poor at predicting the presence of M. tuberculosis in hospitalised patients with CAP. With a subset of five risk factors identified in this study, we developed a new score, which will improve our capacity to isolate patients at risk of CAP due to M. tuberculosis at the time of hospitalisation.
British Thoracic Society guideline for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic flexible bronchoscopy in adults
Authors: I. A. Du Rand, P. V. Barber, J. Goldring, R. A. Lewis, S. Mandal, M. Munavvar, R. C. Rintoul, P. L. Shah, S. Singh, M. G. Slade, A. Woolley
Journal: Thorax (2011)

| Diagnosis of mediastinal/hilar lymph nodes and peribronchial masses | || | Conventional transbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBNA) | | B | | | √ | | | Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) | | B | | | D | | | √ | | | Therapeutic procedures for malignant disease | | Malignant airway obstruction | | 1. Endobronchial debulking of tumours | | D | | | √ | | | 2. Endobronchial electrocautery or diathermy | | D | | | √ | |
Prolidase deficiency: a case report and literature review
Authors: A. MILLIGAN, R.A.C. GRAHAM-BROWN, D.A. BURNS, I. ANDERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Prolidase deficiency: a case report and literature review Get access A. MILLIGAN, A. MILLIGAN Leicester Royal Infirmary, U.K. Dr A.Milligan, Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A.C. GRAHAM‐BROWN, R.A.C. GRAHAM‐BROWN Leicester Royal Infirmary, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.A. BURNS, D.A. BURNS Leicester Royal Infirmary, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. ANDERSON I. ANDERSON Leicester Royal Infirmary, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue 3, 1 September 1989, Pages 405–409, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01437.x Published: 01 September 1989
The degree of myelosuppression during maintenance therapy of adolescents with B-lineage intermediate risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia predicts risk of relapse
Authors: K Schmiegelow, M Heyman, G Gustafsson, B Lausen, F Wesenberg, J Kristinsson, K Vettenranta, H Schroeder, E Forestier, S Rosthoej
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Endocrine effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone in men with HIV infection: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Leonid Poretsky, David J. Brillon, Stephen Ferrando, Judy Chiu, Martin McElhiney, Andrea Ferenczi, Maria Cristina Irene P. Sison, Ivan Haller, Judith Rabkin
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease With Statins
Authors: J. Sanford Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (2011)

I n the current issue of Circulation, Lazar et al report the results of their modeling of the cost-effectiveness of alternative statin treatment strategies for primary prevention using low-cost, lower-potency generic statins. 1 Lazar's study informs clinical decisions and practice guidelines about the potential use of statin therapy in people at low to moderate risk for coronary heart disease.It also provides an opportunity to consider the appropriate use and potential misuse of decision models to inform and guide clinical practice, and it highlights research opportunities, challenges, and potential limitations of comparative effectiveness, as well. Statin Therapy for Primary Prevention: It's Not About the MoneyPatients and providers commonly express the desire to make medical decisions solely on the basis of anticipated clinical benefits, harms, and patient preferences and values, without considering the distorting effects of cost.With the widespread availability of generic forms of most US-licensed statins (as of November 2011, rosuvastatin will be the only Food and Drug Administration-approved patent-protected statin in the United States), the cost of statin therapy has dropped precipitously.All currently available generic statins, with the exception of simvastatin 80 mg, can be purchased for as little $0.11 to $0.13 a pill at 1 or more major national pharmacy chains.
Antibody-Mediated Rejection of the Kidney after Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Julio Pascual, Milagros D. Samaniego, José R. Torrealba, Jon S. Odorico, Arjang Djamali, Yolanda T. Becker, Barbara Voss, Glen E. Leverson, Stuart J. Knechtle, Hans W. Sollinger, John D. Pirsch
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

The prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) of the kidney after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation are unknown. In 136 simultaneous pancreas-kidney recipients who were followed for an average of 3.1 yr, 21 episodes of AMR of the kidney allograft were identified. Eight episodes occurred early (</=90 d) after transplantation, and 13 occurred later. Histologic evidence of concomitant acute cellular rejection was noted in 12 cases; the other nine had evidence only of humoral rejection. In 13 cases, clinical rejection of the pancreas was diagnosed simultaneously, and two of these were biopsy proven and were positive for C4d immunostaining. Multivariate analysis identified only one significant risk factor: Female patients were three times more likely to experience AMR. Nearly all early episodes resolved with treatment and did not predict graft loss, but multivariate Cox models revealed that late AMR episodes more than tripled the risk for kidney and pancreas graft loss; therefore, new strategies are needed to prevent and to treat late AMR in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients.