tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Injuries of the spine sustained during gymnastic activities.
Authors: J R Silver, D D Silver, J J Godfrey
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Between 1954 and 1984, 38 patients were seen as a result of gymnastic activities. Thirty three were men, five were women, and their ages ranged from 12 to 54, the mean age being 20. Thirty one had spinal injuries (28 in the cervical region, three in the thoracolumbar region), two no definite injury, and for five the information was incomplete. The accidents occurred largely because gymnasts landed on their heads, the force being transmitted to the cervical spine. Most took place in gymnasiums and were caused by a failure of supervision.
Perioperative Imaging Strategies for Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: K. Craig Kent
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the cost-effectiveness of four diagnostic strategies for the preoperative evaluation of symptomatic patients who are potential candidates for carotid endarterectomy (ie, 70% to 99% stenosis): (1) duplex sonography (DS), (2) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), (3) contrast angiography (CA), and (4) the combination of DS and MRA supplemented by CA for disparate results. <h3>Methods.</h3> —Cost-effectiveness analysis based largely on published clinical trial data. Sensitivities and specificities of noninvasive tests were estimated from 81 patients undergoing prospective evaluation with DS, MRA, and CA. <h3>Outcome Measure.</h3> —Incremental cost per quality-adjusted year of life gained. <h3>Results.</h3> —For a hypothetical cohort of symptomatic patients undergoing evaluation for carotid endarterectomy, the combination of tests resulted in the greatest quality-adjusted life expectancy of the four options considered. After incorporating the costs of testing, surgery, and stroke, we found that neither the MRA nor the CA strategy was cost-effective. The combination of tests was more effective but more costly than DS, resulting in an additional cost of $22 400 per quality-adjusted year of life gained. For centers that do not have adequate MRA, CA resulted in an additional cost of $99 200 per quality-adjusted year of life saved compared with DS. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Our results suggest that for the preoperative detection of a 70% to 99% carotid stenosis, the combination of DS and MRA, supplemented by CA for disparate results, is associated with the lowest long-term morbidity and mortality and has a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio. The combination of tests, or DS alone when MRA is not available, could potentially replace the current practice of using CA alone in the preoperative evaluation of patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:888-893)
Follicular lymphoma: too many reminders for a memory B cell
Authors: Srividya Swaminathan, Markus Müschen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Memory B cells are a dynamic subset of the mature B cell population that in some cases can reenter germinal centers (GCs) in response to iterative infections. Such a reactivation can lead to accumulation of genetic lesions in these cells, potentially from repetitive activation of the B cell mutator enzyme AID. Normal memory B cells do not survive repeated reentries into GCs. In this issue, Sungalee et al. demonstrate that memory B cells harboring the oncogenic BCL2:IGH translocation, which results in constitutive BCL2 expression, survive multiple GC entries upon repetitive immunization. Through these multiple GC reentries, the hallmark BCL2:IGH translocation enables AID-induced hypermutation and propagates clonal evolution toward malignant follicular lymphoma.
Exposure to Environmental Ozone Alters Semen Quality
Authors: Rebecca Z. Sokol, Peter Kraft, Ian M. Fowler, Rizvan Mamet, Elizabeth Kim, Kiros T. Berhane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Idiopathic male infertility may be due to exposure to environmental toxicants that alter spermatogenesis or sperm function. We studied the relationship between air pollutant levels and semen quality over a 2-year period in Los Angeles, California, by analyzing repeated semen samples collected by sperm donors. Semen analysis data derived from 5,134 semen samples from a sperm donor bank were correlated with air pollutant levels (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter < 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter) measured 0-9, 10-14, and 70-90 days before semen collection dates in Los Angeles between January 1996 and December 1998. A linear mixed-effects model was used to model average sperm concentration and total motile sperm count for the donation from each subject. Changes were analyzed in relationship to biologically relevant time points during spermatogenesis, 0-9, 10-14, and 70-90 days before the day of semen collection. We estimated temperature and seasonality effects after adjusting for a base model, which included donor's date of birth and age at donation. Forty-eight donors from Los Angeles were included as subjects. Donors were included if they collected repeated semen samples over a 12-month period between January 1996 and December 1998. There was a significant negative correlation between ozone levels at 0-9, 10-14, and 70-90 days before donation and average sperm concentration, which was maintained after correction for donor's birth date, age at donation, temperature, and seasonality (p < 0.01). No other pollutant measures were significantly associated with sperm quality outcomes. Exposure to ambient ozone levels adversely affects semen quality.
Dual Add-on Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Poorly Controlled With Metformin Monotherapy: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Saxagliptin Plus Dapagliflozin Addition Versus Single Addition of Saxagliptin or Dapagliflozin to Metformin
Authors: Julio Rosenstock, Lars Hansen, Pamela Zee, Yan Li, William Cook, Boaz Hirshberg, Nayyar Iqbal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE This study compared the efficacy and safety of dual add-on of saxagliptin plus dapagliflozin versus saxagliptin and dapagliflozin added on alone in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled with metformin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a double-blind trial in adults with HbA1c ≥8.0% and ≤12.0% (64–108 mmol/mol), randomized to saxagliptin (SAXA) (5 mg/day) plus dapagliflozin (DAPA) (10 mg/day; n = 179), or SAXA (5 mg/day) and placebo (n = 176), or DAPA (10 mg/day) and placebo (n = 179) on background metformin extended release (MET) ≥1,500 mg/day. Primary objective compared changes from baseline in HbA1c with SAXA+DAPA+MET versus SAXA+MET and DAPA+MET. RESULTS Patients had a mean baseline HbA1c of 8.9% (74 mmol/mol), diabetes duration of 7.6 years, and a BMI of 32 kg/m2. At week 24, the adjusted mean change from the baseline HbA1c was –1.5% (–16.1 mmol/mol) with SAXA+DAPA+MET versus –0.9% (–9.6 mmol/mol) with SAXA+MET (difference −0.59% [–6.4 mmol/mol], P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and –1.2% (–13.1 mmol/mol) with DAPA+MET (difference −0.27% [3.0 mmol/mol], P &amp;lt; 0.02). The proportion of patients achieving HbA1c &amp;lt;7% (53 mmol/mol) was 41% with SAXA+DAPA+MET versus 18% with SAXA+MET and 22% with DAPA+MET. Urinary and genital infections occurred in ≤1% of patients receiving SAXA+DAPA+MET. Hypoglycemia was infrequent, with no episodes of major hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS In this first report of adding a well-tolerated combination of saxagliptin plus dapagliflozin to background metformin therapy in patients poorly controlled with metformin, greater improvements in glycemic control were obtained with triple therapy by the dual addition of saxagliptin and dapagliflozin than dual therapy with the addition of saxagliptin or dapagliflozin alone.
Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Josef Riedler, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Waltraud Eder, Mynda Schreuer, Marco Waser, Soyoun Maisch, David Carr, Rudi Schierl, Dennis Nowak, Erika von Mutius
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Immunoregulatory role of interleukin 10 in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P D Katsikis, C Q Chu, F M Brennan, R N Maini, M Feldmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The presence and the role of interleukin 10 (IL-10), a potent cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor and antiinflammatory cytokine, were investigated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The expression of both mRNA and protein for IL-10 could be demonstrated in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) joints. Human IL-10 mRNA could be demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA made by reverse transcription of total RNA extracted directly from synovial tissue in five out of five RA and four out of five OA patients. IL-10 protein was demonstrated by specific immunoassay and immunohistology. IL-10 protein was spontaneously produced in all 11 RA and 17 OA synovial membrane cultures investigated, and this production was sustained for up to 5 d in culture in the absence of any extrinsic stimulation. IL-10 protein could also be detected by immunohistology in all five RA and four OA synovial membrane biopsies investigated, but not three normal synovial membranes. Immunohistology revealed that the IL-10 was localized to the synovial membrane lining layer and mononuclear cell aggregates. Immunofluorescence double staining revealed that the sources of IL-10 were monocytes in the lining layer, and T cells in the mononuclear cell aggregates. We found evidence that the IL-10 expression was functionally relevant, as neutralization of endogenously produced IL-10 in the RA synovial membrane cultures resulted in a two- to threefold increase in the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1 beta, although IL-6 and IL-8 levels were not affected. The addition of exogenous recombinant IL-10 to the RA synovial membrane cultures resulted in a two- to threefold decrease in the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. IL-8 levels were reduced by day 5; however, IL-6 levels were not affected by exogenous IL-10. Neutralization of the endogenous IL-10 in two out of seven RA synovial membrane cultures resulted in the expression of detectable levels of interferon gamma (561-1,050 pg/ml). Taken together, the above findings suggest that IL-10 is spontaneously produced in RA and OA and is an important immunoregulatory component in the cytokine network of RA, regulating monocyte and in some cases T cell cytokine production.
Exercise intensity and perceived exertion in adolescent boys.
Authors: R G Eston, J G Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed at power outputs (PO) corresponding to 30%, 60% and 90% of predicted maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) on a cycle ergometer in 30 adolescent schoolboys (age range 15-17 years). Analysis of correlations (r) for heart rate (HR):PO (r = 0.74 p less than 0.01) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE): HR (r = 0.74 p less than 0.01) were similar to values drawn from adult samples. It was concluded that there is a close relationship between RPE, HR and relative exercise intensity in adolescent schoolboys.
Synovial Membrane in Traumatic Effusion
Authors: S. Roy, F. N. Ghadially, W. A. J. Crane
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1966)

Of the two main constituents of synovial fluid, hyaluronic acid is probably formed by the synovial membrane (Yielding, Tomkins, and Bunim, 1957; Hedburg and Moritz, 1958) and most of the proteins are believed to come from
S69 Implementation of a COPD discharge care bundle and hospital readmissions in london
Authors: AA Laverty, S Elkin, H Watt, S Williams, L Restrick, D Bell, NS Hopkinson
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are a major cause of morbidity, mortality and hospital admissions. Audit data shows significant variation in delivery of evidence-based interventions and readmission rates suggesting that optimising the care process may be beneficial. One approach is the “care bundle” where a series of evidence-based interventions which should be delivered for all patients is mandated, irrespective of ward, or specialty, delivering care. A COPD discharge care bundle was developed by the NIHR CLAHRC for Northwest London [Hopkinson <i>et al</i> 2012] and has been adopted by a number of acute hospitals in London, incentivised in some by commissioners using the Commissioning for Quality and Innovation (CQUIN) payment framework. <h3>Methods</h3> To provide initial information on use of the bundle and readmissions we performed a Negative Binomial regression interrupted time series analysis comparing 7, 28 and 90 day readmission rates in hospitals before and after bundle adoption. The bundle was implemented at various time points between 2009 and 2011 in 9 Trusts in London, comprising 15 hospitals. Data from April 2002 to March 2012 were obtained from Hospital Episode Statistics using COPD exacerbation codes - J440 &amp; J441 in the first position. Results were controlled for seasonality using month of admission and were also controlled for age and sex of patients at Trust level. <h3>Results</h3> Following implementation of the COPD discharge bundle there was a significant change in the trend for the 28-day readmission rates for patients discharged after AECOPD. Falls were also indicated for 7- and 90-day readmissions, although these were not statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data suggest that the care bundle approach may be one systematic way to improve outcomes in patients admitted with an AECOPD. More work is needed, however, to separate any effects of the care bundle from other initiatives, e.g. Local Enhanced Services, that support delivery of evidence-based care in COPD i.e. quit-smoking interventions and pulmonary rehabilitation.
Treatment of thyroid disorders before conception and in early pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: R. Vissenberg, E. van den Boogaard, M. van Wely, J. A. van der Post, E. Fliers, P. H. Bisschop, M. Goddijn
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2012)

BACKGROUNDThyroid disorders are associated with pregnancy complications. Universal screening is currently not recommended because of a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of treatment. Women with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism evidently require treatment but this is less clear for women with subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to provide a comprehensive overview on the available treatment interventions.
Recent Advances in Anaesthesia
Authors: C. L. Hewer
Journal: BMJ (1946)

MEDICAL JOUR?4AL 531 before he consulted Jackson, it seems certain that he would have lighted on that substance himself.Discoverers are usually the children of preceding events.If one man can be called the discoverer of general anaesthesia, then that man is Morton.On the centenary of his discovery, we salute him for his good fortune, his perseverance, and for the inestimable boon which he conferred on humanity.
Efficacy of rubella vaccination.
Authors: W J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1978)

and will be fewer in number than those at present receiving limited-period oxygen.We would take issue with the conclusions of Dr Jones and his colleagues.Current domiciliary oxygen supply is costly, inefficient, and uses outdated equipment.Changes will have to be made, but only on the basis of a clearer knowledge of the type of patient likely to benefit, the duration and quantity of daily therapy required for clinical benefit, and a thorough evaluation of new techniques of delivery, "G" size cylinders, oxygen concentrators, or portable liquid oxygen systems.
Influence of time of day on reactions to cycling at a fixed high intensity.
Authors: T. Reilly, C. Baxter
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

The circadian cycle in all-out competitive performance may be due to changes in motivational drive to tolerate strenuous exercise rather than to rhythms in maximal physiological functions. This experiment explored the hypothesis that a fixed relative loading of high intensity aerobic effort could be sustained for longer in the evening compared with the morning. Eight females cycled to exhaustion at 95% VO2 max at 06.30 h. and at 22.00 h. after a 5 min, moderate load of 40% VO2 max. Oral temperature was 0.4 degrees C higher at 22.00 h. compared with the earlier time. Perceived exertion showed no significant effect of time of day at either work load but exercise tolerance time, total work done and peak lactate production were significantly greater at 22.00 h. (p = 0.05). Perceived exertion at the high load was significantly related to endurance time (r = -0.77) and to the rating at the low work level (r = 0.75). Peak lactate was not significantly correlated with the time to exhaustion (p less than 0.05). It was concluded that superior exercise performance in the evening may be attributed to a greater tolerance for high intensity exercise which is closely associated with the acrophase in body temperature.
Small erythematous mucosal plaques: an endoscopic sign of Crohn's disease.
Authors: A Watier, G Devroede, B Perey, H Haddad, P Madarnas, P Grand-Maison
Journal: Gut (1980)

A non-ulcerated granulomatous lesion of the large bowel mucosa has been found in 11 patients, nine of whom already had or eventually developed classical features of Crohn9s disease. These lesions, which are multiple, consist of small well-circumscribed raised erythematous plaques surrounded by normal mucosa. At biopsy there is focal haemorrhage of the lamina propria, rupture of the crypts, release of mucus, and frank granulomatous reaction with giant cell formation. The lesion may be reversible or be followed by the classical mucosal ulcerations. They may occur in the presence or the absence of classical lesions of Crohn9s disease elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. As this non-ulcerated lesion may occur in isolation, it may provide the initial clue to the diagnosis of Crohn9s disease.
Identification of tumor-associated cassette exons in human cancer through EST-based computational prediction and experimental validation
Authors: Alessio Valletti, Anna Anselmo, Marina Mangiulli, Ilenia Boria, Flavio Mignone, Giuseppe Merla, Vincenzo D'Angelo, Apollonia Tullo, Elisabetta Sbisà, Anna Maria D'Erchia, Graziano Pesole
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Many evidences report that alternative splicing, the mechanism which produces mRNAs and proteins with different structures and functions from the same gene, is altered in cancer cells. Thus, the identification and characterization of cancer-specific splice variants may give large impulse to the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic tumour biomarkers, as well as of new targets for more selective and effective therapies. Results We present here a genome-wide analysis of the alternative splicing pattern of human genes through a computational analysis of normal and cancer-specific ESTs from seventeen anatomical groups, using data available in AspicDB, a database resource for the analysis of alternative splicing in human. By using a statistical methodology, normal and cancer-specific genes, splice sites and cassette exons were predicted in silico . The condition association of some of the novel normal/tumoral cassette exons was experimentally verified by RT-qPCR assays in the same anatomical system where they were predicted. Remarkably, the presence in vivo of the predicted alternative transcripts, specific for the nervous system, was confirmed in patients affected by glioblastoma. Conclusion This study presents a novel computational methodology for the identification of tumor-associated transcript variants to be used as cancer molecular biomarkers, provides its experimental validation, and reports specific biomarkers for glioblastoma.
A phase II study of cetuximab and radiation in elderly and/or poor performance status patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (N0422)
Authors: A. Jatoi, S.E. Schild, N. Foster, G.T. Henning, K.J. Dornfeld, P.J. Flynn, T.R. Fitch, S.R. Dakhil, K.M. Rowland, P.J. Stella, G.S. Soori, A.A. Adjei
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
ERCC1 and ERCC2 polymorphisms and adult glioma
Authors: Margaret Wrensch, Karl T. Kelsey, Mei Liu, Rei Miike, Michelle Moghadassi, Jennette D. Sison, Kenneth Aldape, Alex McMillan, Joseph Wiemels, John K. Wiencke
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2005)

ERCC2 and ERCC1 are important in DNA nucleotide excision repair and lie on chromosome 19q13.3 near a putative glioma suppressor region. We genotyped constitutive variants ERCC1 C8092A and ERCC2 K751Q and R156R in approximately 450 adults with glioma and 500 controls from two independent population-based series, uniformly reviewed patients' tumors to determine histopathologic category, and determined a variety of tumor markers among astrocytic tumors. Odds ratios (ORs) for glioblastoma for those carrying two ERCC1 A alleles versus none or one were 1.67 in series 1 and 1.64 in series 2, which yielded a combined OR of 1.67 (95% CI, 0.93-3.02; P = 0.09), adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, and series. Odds ratios for the ERCC2 variants were not consistently elevated or reduced for the two series in all cases versus controls. However, among whites, for those with ERCC2 K751Q genotype QQ versus QK/KK, the OR for nonglioblastoma histologies versus controls was 1.82 (95% CI, 0.97-3.44; P = 0.06). Also, among whites, glioma patients were significantly more likely than controls to be homozygous for variants in both ERCC1 C8092A and ERCC2 K751Q (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1-9.3). Given the numbers of comparisons made, these findings could be due to chance. However, the results might warrant clarification in additional series in conjunction with the nearby putative glioma suppressor genes (GLTSCR1 and GLTSCR2).
THE SKIN RESPONSE OF RABBITS TO NON-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Christopher H. Andrewes, Clifford L. Derick, Homer F. Swift
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. Rabbits inoculated intradermally with certain strains of green streptococci have well marked lesions which, after reaching a maximum size in 24 to 48 hours and then beginning to retrogress, show in over 50 per cent of the animals a secondary increase in size and other signs of inflammation about 8 or 9 days after inoculation. 2. This secondary reaction may follow the inoculation of a variety of strains of green-producing streptococci from various sources, of indifferent streptococci, and occasionally of pneumococci. 3. The inoculation of hemolytic streptococci, staphylococci, Micrococcus catarrhalis, or Bacillus coli has not been followed by this secondary reaction. 4. The secondary reaction is not due to increased activity of the injected bacteria since the lesions are usually sterile at the time it occurs and since the secondary reaction occurs after inoculation of killed organisms as well as after that of living ones. 5. A second inoculation of green streptococci into a rabbit within 9 weeks of a first injection is followed by a primary but not by a secondary reaction. This inhibition of the secondary reaction is not specific; for the phenomenon of secondary reaction can be completely inhibited by previous inoculations of the rabbit with any living streptococcus and usually with pneumococci. Killed organisms are less effectual. 6. Preliminary injection with staphylococci, Micrococcus catarrhalis, and Bacillus coli has not prevented the appearance of a secondary reaction in response to subsequent injections of green streptococci. 7. The agent responsible for the secondary reaction has not as yet been determined; its nature is discussed. The phenomenon is possibly a form of allergic reaction.