tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute pancreatitis associated with pegylated interferon-alpha-2a therapy in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Jong Wook Choi, June Sung Lee, Woo Hyun Paik, Tae Jun Song, Jung Wook Kim, Won Ki Bae, Kyung-Ah Kim, Jung Gon Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2016)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Combination therapy of pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN-Î±) and ribavirin (RBV) is a current standard treatment for chronic HCV infection in Korea, which has considerable adverse effects. Acute pancreatitis is a rare complication of PEG-IFN-Î± administration. We report a case of a 62-year-old female who experienced acute pancreatitis after 4 weeks of PEG-IFN-Î±-2a and RBV combination therapy for chronic HCV infection. The main cause of the acute pancreatitis in this case was probably PEG-IFN-Î± rather than RBV for several reasons. A few cases have been reported in which acute pancreatitis occurred during treatment with PEG-IFN-Î±-2b. This is the first report of acute pancreatitis associated with PEG-IFN-Î±-2a in Korea. Keywords: Pegylated interferon alpha-2a; Pancreatitis; Hepatitis C virus
Women in academic psychiatry: politics and progress
Authors: C B Robinowitz, C C Nadelson, M T Notman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The progress of women in academic psychiatry depends in part on the social and institutionalized administrative patterns expressed through faculty attitudes, hiring practices, and other conditions of the field as they are currently structured. As the numbers of women increase, their specialness will decrease, and accommodations to particular needs and variations may become accepted as part of the system. This success in modifying the system will be self-perpetuating, proportional, and appropriate, leading to more participation of women in academic psychiatry.
Hypersensitivity of Cultured Ataxia-Telangiectasia Cells to Etoposide&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W D Henner, M E Blazka
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Fibroblasts from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) were found to be hypersensitive to killing by the antineoplastic agent etoposide. The A-T fibroblast strains GM5823, GM367, and GM2052 were twofold to threefold more sensitive to killing by etoposide than fibroblasts from normal controls (AG1521, AG1522, and IMR90). A simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed, immortal human fibroblast line (GM5849) derived from the A-T cell line GM5823 was also studied. GM5849 retained the unusual sensitivity of nontransformed A-T fibroblast lines to x-irradiation, bleomycin, and neocarzinostatin (zinostatin). GM5849 was also more sensitive to etoposide than were SV40-transformed fibroblasts from normal controls. M1, and SV40-transformed fibroblast line derived from a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum, had the same sensitivity to etoposide as SV40-transformed fibroblasts derived from normal controls.
Molecular evidence for inclusion of the phylum pentastomida in the crustacea
Authors: Lawrence Abele, W Kim, B Felgenhaueq
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1989)

The phylogenetic status of the phylum Pentastomida (tongue worms) was considered on the basis of comparison of nucleotide sequences of 18s ribosomal RNA from the pentastome Porocephalus crotali, the branchiuran crustacean fish louse Argulus nobilis, other crustaceans, and representatives of the Annelida, Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Insecta.Maximum parsimony and invariants (at P < 0.04) analyses support an Argulus/PorocephaZus clade, providing strong support for the proposal that tongue worms are highly modified crustaceans closely related to fish lice.1.
Assessing Cognitive Function and Capacity in Older Adults With Cancer
Authors: June M. McKoy, Peggy S. Burhenn, Ilene S. Browner, Kari L. Loeser, Katrina M. Tulas, Megan R. Oden, Randall W. Rupper
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

The number of older individuals with cancer is increasing exponentially, mandating that oncologists contemplate more comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches to treatment of this cohort. Recruitment of assessment instruments validated in older patients can be invaluable for guiding treatment and decision-making by both patients and providers, and can arguably contribute to improving outcomes and health-related quality of life. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment is one such validated instrument that can be used by oncologists to assess patient readiness and appropriateness for prescribed cancer therapy. As a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment process, it comprises functional status, cognitive status, social support, and advance care preferences, and is an ideal instrument for evaluating complex older individuals. It is well established that many older individuals with cancer travel with multiple comorbid illnesses, including cognitive impairment, and when presented with a cancer diagnosis struggle to choose from multiple treatment options. In addition to the complete medical history, the ability of patients to decide on a course of therapy in concert with their oncologist is critically important. Alternatively, many oncologists are conflicted as to whether true informed consent for treatment can be obtained from many older patients. Having a roadmap to decision-making capacity is therefore an inescapable imperative in geriatric oncology, because careful attention must be directed at identifying older patients with cancer who might benefit from these assessments and the individualized treatment plans that emerge.
In the mood for change: shifting the paradigm of mental health care in athletes—an AMSSM thematic issue
Authors: Ashwin L Rao, Eugene S Hong
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Mental health is an increasingly recognised and discussed topic in the sports community. To compete successfully is a challenge as athletes must prevent and manage injuries, perform academically and contend with both internal and external emotional pressures.1 ,2 These stressors can lead to disruptive thoughts and maladaptive behaviour patterns.3–6 There are an increasing proportion of young people facing mental illness.7 ,8

Media reports of tragic deaths involving athletes, who are perceived to be among the healthiest members of their community, highlight the struggles that athletes face in the shadows of perceived emotional and physical strength. There is an increasing recognition of depression and suicide, disordered eating, substance abuse, hazing and bullying, the psychological consequences of injury as real concerns in the athletic community. Yet, most providers lack of familiarity with these topics and may not be comfortable in managing the athlete expressing these concerns.9

This AMSSM theme issue assembles a group of experts in the field of sports mental health to identify current challenges, barriers, and …
Abstract 17931: Serial Hemodynamic Measurements in Post-Cardiac Arrest Cardiogenic Shock Treated With Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Brian Stegman, Bhuvnesh Aggarwal, Alpana Senapati, Venu Menon
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Mortality from cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction remains high despite advances in reperfusion and mechanical support. In animal models of CS initiation of ...
Genetic risk for autism spectrum disorders and neuropsychiatric variation in the general population
Authors: Elise B Robinson, Beate St Pourcain, Verneri Anttila, Jack A Kosmicki, Brendan Bulik-Sullivan, Jakob Grove, Julian Maller, Kaitlin E Samocha, Stephan J Sanders, Stephan Ripke, Joanna Martin, Mads V Hollegaard, Thomas Werge, David M Hougaard, Benjamin M Neale, David M Evans, David Skuse, Preben Bo Mortensen, Anders D Børglum, Angelica Ronald, George Davey Smith, Mark J Daly
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)
Controlled study of psychiatric comorbidity in psychiatrically hospitalized young adults with substance use disorders
Authors: C M Grilo, S Martino, M L Walker, D F Becker, W S Edell, T H McGlashan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The purpose of this study was to examine DSM-III-R axis I and axis II comorbidity in psychiatrically hospitalized young adults with substance use disorders.Structured diagnostic interviews were given to 117 consecutive inpatients. Seventy patients with substance use disorders and 47 patients without substance use disorders were compared.High rates of co-occurrence of axis I disorders were observed, but no disorder coexisted in the group with substance use disorders at a significantly higher rate than in the group without substance use disorders. Among axis II disorders, borderline personality disorder was diagnosed significantly more frequently in the group with substance use disorders.Significant additional diagnostic co-occurrence, defined as comorbidity, was observed only between borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders. The use of a relevant psychiatric comparison group allows for finer distinctions between covariation based on shared severity and comorbidity possibly based on shared pathophysiology.
Breast cancer epidemiologic risk factors by HER2/neu status
Authors: W. Y. Chen, G. A. Colditz, B. Rosner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

585 Background: Although breast cancers categorized by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status are recognized to differ in their associations with standard breast cancer risk factors, little data exist on differences by HER2/neu status. Methods: The Nurses’ Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 121,700 registered nurses aged 30–55 in 1976 who answered biennial questionnaires to update medical and lifestyle factors and disease occurrence. Medical record review was used to confirm invasive breast cancer and abstract ER, PR, and HER2/neu status. Statistical analyses included both proportional hazards models to estimate relative risks and control for potential confounders and polytomous logistic regression to compare the effects. Only cases diagnosed from return of the 1998 questionnaire until June 2002 were included in the analysis since HER2/neu was only routinely assessed beginning with the 1998 follow-up cycle. Results: 211 HER2/neu positive and 770 HER2/neu negative cases were included in the analysis. In this predominantly postmenopausal group aged 52–77 in 1998, HER2neu negative cancers were more likely to be ER+/PR+ (72%) and less likely to be ER-/PR- (11%) than HER2/neu positive ones (58% ER+/PR+ and 24% ER-/PR-), but the majority of cancers were still ER+/PR+. In multivariate models, risk factor associations by HER2/neu status were similar with positive associations seen for family history, benign breast disease, body mass index, current postmenopausal hormone use, and cumulative alcohol consumption. However, when the subgroup of ER-/PR-/HER2/neu negative cancers were evaluated separately (N=83), most of these risk factor associations disappeared with the only significant risk factor being a prior history of benign breast disease. Conclusions: This is the first prospective data study to report on risk factor association by HER2/neu status. For the standard epidemiologic breast cancer risk factors, ER and PR status appear to better represent separate etiologic pathways, rather than HER2/neu status. However, the subgroup of ER/PR/HER2neu negative breast cancers appears to be distinct, although power was limited and HER2/neu status was not confirmed by central review. Additional analyses stratified by ER/PR status will also be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prognostic significance of proliferative activity and ploidy in node-negative breast cancers
Authors: R Silvestrini, M G Daidone, G Del Bino, M Mastore, A Luisi, G Di Fronzo, P Boracchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1993)

Cell kinetics and DNA ploidy have provided relevant information on the natural history of breast cancer. We assessed the prognostic role of proliferative activity and ploidy, alone and in association with tumor size, estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors.In a series of 340 women with resectable node-negative breast cancers given local-regional therapy alone until relapse, proliferative activity was determined as the 3H-thymidine labeling index (3H-dT LI) and flow-cytometric S-phase cell fraction (FCM-S), as quantified by using different modeling systems. DNA ploidy, ER and PgR content were determined on frozen samples by FCM and by the dextran-coated charcoal absorption technique, respectively.FCM-S estimates obtained by the different models were weakly associated with one another and to the corresponding 3H-dT LIs. Four-year relapse-free survival was significantly predicted by 3H-dT LI, ploidy and tumor size but not by FCM-S. Multiple regression analysis showed that 3H-dT LI, ploidy and tumor size retained their prognostic significance and that 3H-dT LI was the most significant indicator of relapse (p = 0.009).The finding that 3H-dT LI and ploidy are weakly related and provide independent prognostic information could allow a more accurate identification of patients at different risk of relapse.
CA125 response to bevacizumab in recurrent ovarian cancer.
Authors: R. E. O'Cearbhaill, Q. Zhou, A. Iasonos, J. P. Diaz, W. P. Tew, M. L. Hensley, C. O'Flaherty, C. Aghajanian, D. R. Spriggs, P. Sabbatini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

5077 Background: CA125 is used to assess response to chemotherapy in patients (pts) with recurrent ovarian cancer (EOC). Recent data in small groups of pts suggest that CA125 changes may not accurately predict radiographic responses to antivascular agents. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of pts treated off-protocol with bevacizumab (bev) for EOC at our institution between Dec 2004 and Oct 2009. Demographics, CA125 levels, and radiographic responses were recorded. Rustin criteria were used to assess CA125 response. Results: 106 consecutive pts received bev for recurrent EOC, with a median age of 58 years and median CA125 of 552 (range 16-24,500) at diagnosis. The majority of pts had advanced-stage (94% ≥ stage 3) and high- grade (82% grade 3) disease. Median number of chemotherapy regimens received prior to bev was 6 (range 1-15); 30 pts (28%) had prior intraperitoneal chemotherapy; and 23 pts (22%) were platinum-sensitive. Initial cytotoxics combined with bev were cyclophosphamide (33%), taxanes (26%), platinum- containing doublet (9%), gemcitabine (6%), vinorelbine (5%), topotecan (3%), carboplatin single-agent (1%), irinotecan (1%) or none (16%). 39 pts (40%) continued bev through progression. See Table for the number of pts with CA125 declines. When comparing the pre-bev, bev, and post-bev regimens, the most rapid decline in CA125 was noted in the bev-containing regimen. Only 2 pts (1%) with a CA125 decline failed to demonstrate the first decline pre-cycle 4 of bev. Best radiographic response in 91 pts with CA125 decline with bev was CR 2 (2%), PR 39 (45%), SD 11 (13%), and POD 34 (37%). Best radiographic response in 15 pts without CA125 decline with bev was CR 0 (0%), PR 3 (21%), SD 4 (29%), and POD 7 (50%). 37 pts (37%) showed discordance between CA125 change and radiographic response. Conclusions: CA125 responses to bev tend to occur early and are evident by cycle 2 in the majority of pts. CA125 decline is not always associated with radiographic response. Clinical trials utilizing bev should, therefore, continue to incorporate radiographic imaging in response assessment. Regimen Decline post cycle 1 Decline post cycle 2 Decline post cycle 3 Pre-bev (n = 106) 64 (60%) 71 (67%) 73 (69%) Bev (n = 105) 82 (78%) 88 (84%) 89 (85%) Post-bev (n = 53) 26 (49%) 28 (53%) 29 (55%) Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech
A New Non-Chemo and Non-Toxic Drug (24-Ethyl-Cholestane- 3&amp;Bgr;, 5&amp;Agr;, 6&amp;Agr;-Triol) with Antitumor Activity in Advanced Refractory or Recurrent, Mainly Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Authors: N.F. Habib, H.E. Daaboul, G. Hage, A. Jabbour, N. Kassem, R. Khalifeh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Process analysis of judges' commitment decisions: a preliminary empirical study
Authors: H Bursztajn, T G Gutheil, M Mills, R M Hamm, A Brodsky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The current debate over the "police powers" versus parens patriae rationales for involuntary hospitalization of the mentally ill underscores the need for empirical study of the process of judicial decision making in civil commitment and determinations of competence. The authors report the ratings on 26 descriptive variables made by five Massachusetts district court judges for 35 patients in civil commitment hearings. Nearly all of the hearings resulted in commitments. These findings suggest that psychiatrists may be setting too high a threshold for petitioning for commitment. Experienced judges appeared to be sensitive to the kinds of clinical issues that earlier studies have shown to contribute significantly to the psychiatrist's decision to petition for commitment.
Phase 1/2A Study of Glutathione Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (2B3-101) in Patients with Brain Metastases (Bm) from Solid Tumors or Recurrent High Grade Gliomas (Hgg)
Authors: D. Brandsma, B. Milojkovic Kerklaan, V. Diéras, S. Altintas, C.K. Anders, M. Arnedos Ballester, H. Gelderblom, P.M.M.B. Soetekouw, W. Gladdines, F. Lonnqvist, A. Jager, M.E. van Linde, J. Schellens, P. Aftimos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Initial mutational steps toward loss of opsin gene function in cavefish.
Authors: S Yokoyama, A Meany, H Wilkens, R Yokoyama
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

The river-dwelling fishes of Astyanax fasciatus and their derivatives from Pachon and Micos caves in Mexico were collected. By comparing red (r007) and green (g103) opsin gene sequences from the three populations, we found a high frequency of C-->T changes in r007 and g103 of the eyed Micos fishes presumably due to spontaneous cytosine methylation or enzymatic deamination of the CG dinucleotide, and a deletion of 12 consecutive nucleotides in g101 of the blind Pachon fishes. Thus, high rates of nucleotide substitution and C-->T transitions, usually found for pseudogenes, may occur even before they become nonfunctional.
In silico product design of pharmaceuticals
Authors: Johan Boetker, Dhara Raijada, Johanna Aho, Milad Khorasani, Søren V. Søgaard, Lærke Arnfast, Adam Bohr, Magnus Edinger, Jorrit J. Water, Jukka Rantanen
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2016)

The increasing demand for personalized medicine necessitates the production of easily customizable dosage forms. As the number of possible dosage forms may scale toward infinity, their uniqueness requires a versatile production platform and numerical simulation in order to be manufactured efficiently. A mathematical description of these systems is the only feasible approach to manage such diverse properties of different products. However, experimental verification is still essential for evaluation of processability and related concomitant phenomena, such as possible solid state changes that may occur during production and storage.
NHS England blames possible legal action for decision not to fund HIV prevention pill
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2016)

To the disappointment of clinicians and campaigners, NHS England has determined that its responsibilities do not include the commissioning of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention.

HIV prevention is the job of local authorities, NHS England said, and it could be open to legal challenge if it were to include such prevention among specialised services competing for funds. Proponents of other specialised services displaced by PrEP might challenge the decision in the courts.

The decision has surprised many of those involved in HIV prevention, because NHS England had long been discussing the issue without such a legal obstacle being raised. In a comment on NHS England’s website, two …
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Older Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: H. Joachim Deeg, Marcos de Lima
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Myelodysplastic syndrome is primarily a disease of older age, and hematopoietic cell transplantation is the only treatment modality that offers the potential of cure and long-term survival to a substantial proportion of patients. Transplantation is used with increasing frequency in older patients, and patients in the seventh or even eighth decade of life have been transplanted successfully. However, transplant outcome strongly depends on the disease characteristics and comorbid conditions, which tend to be common in older individuals and profoundly affect nonrelapse mortality. This is a major reason why in patients older than 60 years, typically only conditioning regimens of reduced intensity are used. However, although these regimens are associated with little acute toxicity, the probability of relapse tends to be higher than with high-intensity regimens. In addition, chronic graft-versus-host disease occurs in as many as 50% to 60% of patients. Manifestations are mild in a proportion of patients; others require long-term treatment, generally with glucocorticoids, which often are not well tolerated in older individuals. Although considerable progress has been made over the past decade, more work is needed, particularly to reduce the incidence of severe graft-versus-host disease and prevent posttransplant relapse.
Oral ondansetron in the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting induced by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) in women with breast cancer. Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: K S Buser, R A Joss, D Piquet, M S Aapro, F Cavalli, J M Haefliger, W F Jungi, J Bauer, R Obrist, K W Brunner
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1993)
Improving the detection of glaucoma
Authors: A P Booth, J S Hillman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

91 93 Year Life expectancy among males at birth in European republics of former Soviet Union (sources World Health Organisation, Unicef, and V Shkolnikov (personal com- munication)).Data for 1983-4 not available for some republics.vested interests, not least in the Ministry of Finance, that opposed it.2Although alcohol consumption began to increase again in the late 1980s, especially as a result of illicit production and diversion from state trading organisations, alcohol is unlikely to explain all the recent deterioration in life expectancy.5As Ryan notes, much high quality epidemiological research is now being undertaken in the former Soviet Union, although there is little evidence that it is being acted on by policymakers either there or in the West.What is needed is a mechanism for bringing this work to a wider audience in both regions.