tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug output from nebulizers is dependent on the method of measurement
Authors: PW Barry, C O'Callaghan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The objective of this study was to determine whether current regulatory methods for assessing the output of nebulizers are appropriate for the delivery of nebulized steroid suspensions to patients. We studied a conventional jet nebulizer (the Intersurgical Cirrus), an open-vent nebulizer (the Medicaid Sidestream) and a breath-enhanced nebulizer (the Pari LC Plus), using a constant sampling flow or a sinusoidal pump to represent the breathing pattern of children from 6 months to adulthood. Recovery of budesonide released from the nebulizers onto filters was reduced when using breathing simulation compared with constant flow, and this reduction was greatest for the conventional nebulizer (Cirrus, 103 microg with constant flow to 4.4 microg with a 50 mL tidal volume; Pari, 176 microg to 25 microg). The open-vent nebulizer deposited very little budesonide on the filter at lower tidal volumes (4.5 microg with a 50 mL tidal volume), possibly because the enhanced flow of aerosol laden air was greater than the inspiratory flow from the breathing simulator. The output of the LC plus was reduced at high flow, from 176 microg at 20 L x min(-1) to 93 microg at 60 L x min(-1). Overall, the measured output varied by up to 700%, depending on the method used. These results suggest that breathing patterns dramatically alter the measured output of different nebulizers and that breathing simulation should be included as part of their assessment.
Suicide Attempts Among Patients Starting Depression Treatment With Medications or Psychotherapy
Authors: Gregory E Simon, James Savarino
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: This study compared the time patterns of suicide attempts among outpatients starting depression treatment with medication or psychotherapy. Method: Outpatient claims from a prepaid health plan were used to identify new episodes of depression treatment beginning with an antidepressant prescription in primary care (N=70,368), an antidepressant prescription from a psychiatrist (N=7,297), or an initial psychotherapy visit (N=54,123). Outpatient and inpatient claims were used to identify suicide attempts or possible suicide attempts during the 90 days before and 180 days after the start of treatment. Results: Overall incidence of suicide attempt was highest among patients receiving antidepressant prescriptions from psychiatrists (1,124 per 100,000), lower among those starting psychotherapy (778 per 100,000), and lowest among those receiving antidepressant prescriptions in primary care (301 per 100,000). The pattern of attempts over time was the same in all three groups: highest in the month before starting treatment, next highest in the month after starting treatment, and declining thereafter. Results were unchanged after eliminating patients receiving overlapping treatment with medication and psychotherapy. Overall incidence of suicide attempt was higher in adolescents and young adults, but the time pattern was the same across all three treatments. Conclusions: The pattern of suicide attempts before and after starting antidepressant treatment is not specific to medication. Differences between treatments and changes over time probably reflect referral patterns and the expected improvement in suicidal ideation after the start of treatment.
A Reassuring Rejoinder Against Malignant Influences of Topical Calcineurin Use in Children
Authors: Jon M. Hanifin
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Effect of Increased Exercise in School Children on Physical Fitness and Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Claudia Walther, Luise Gaede, Volker Adams, Götz Gelbrich, Alexander Leichtle, Sandra Erbs, Melanie Sonnabend, Kati Fikenzer, Antje Körner, Wieland Kiess, Mathias Bruegel, Joachim Thiery, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to examine whether additional school exercise lessons would result in improved peak oxygen uptake (primary end point) and body mass index–standard deviation score, motor and coordinative abilities, circulating progenitor cells, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (major secondary end points). Methods and Results— Seven sixth-grade classes (182 children, aged 11.1±0.7 years) were randomized to an intervention group (4 classes with 109 students) with daily school exercise lessons for 1 year and a control group (3 classes with 73 students) with regular school sports twice weekly. The significant effects of intervention estimated from ANCOVA adjusted for intraclass correlation were the following: increase of peak V̇ o 2 (3.7 mL/kg per minute; 95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 7.2) and increase of circulating progenitor cells evaluated by flow cytometry (97 cells per 1×10 6 leukocytes; 95% confidence interval, 13 to 181). No significant difference was seen for body mass index–standard deviation score (−0.08; 95% confidence interval, −0.28 to 0.13); however, there was a trend to reduction of the prevalence of overweight and obese children in the intervention group (from 12.8% to 7.3%). No treatment effect was seen for motor and coordinative abilities (4; 95% confidence interval, −1 to 8) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.03 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, −0.08 to 0.14). Conclusions— Regular physical activity by means of daily school exercise lessons has a significant positive effect on physical fitness (V̇ o 2 max). Furthermore, the number of circulating progenitor cells can be increased, and there is a positive trend in body mass index–standard deviation score reduction and motor ability improvement. Therefore, we conclude that primary prevention by means of increasing physical activity should start in childhood. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00176371.
The dumping syndrome and the hydrogen ion concentration of the gastric contents
Authors: J. P. S. Thomson, R. C. G. Russell, M. Hobsley, L. P. Le Quesne
Journal: Gut (1974)

Forty patients after vagotomy (truncal vagotomy 18, selective vagotomy 22) with a drainage procedure were given 200 ml of 50% dextrose by mouth (dumping provocation test), the symptoms induced being noted, and any fall in plasma volume was assessed by serial measurement of the haematocrit. An insulin gastric secretion test was also performed on each patient.TWENTY OF THE PATIENTS HAD DUMPING SYMPTOMS OF VARYING SEVERITY AFTER ORDINARY MEALS: in all 20 patients these symptoms were reproduced by the dumping provocation test, which also produced similar symptoms in a further three patients. The hydrogen ion concentration of the gastric contents was significantly lower in the basal state and after insulin hypoglycaemia in those patients with dumping symptoms than in those without such symptoms. Furthermore there was a significant inverse correlation between the hydrogen ion concentration of the gastric contents in the basal and stimulated state and the rate of plasma volume fall. The results show that the occurrence of the dumping syndrome after vagotomy with a drainage procedure is related to the hydrogen ion concentration of the gastric contents. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.
Nip21 Gene Expression Reduces Coxsackievirus B3 Replication by Promoting Apoptotic Cell Death via a Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Huifang M. Zhang, Bobby Yanagawa, Paul Cheung, Honglin Luo, Ji Yuan, David Chau, Aikun Wang, Lubos Bohunek, Janet E. Wilson, Bruce M. McManus, Decheng Yang
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Our previous studies, using differential mRNA display, suggested that the mouse Nip21 gene may be involved in myocarditis development in the coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-infected mouse heart. Sequence comparison indicated that the mouse Nip21 gene shares high sequence homology to human Nip2. This human protein is known to interact with both the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2 and a homologous protein, the adenovirus E1B 19-kDa protein. Such interactions implicate Nip21 gene in cell death pathways. To study the function of this gene, we have cloned Nip21 from mouse hearts and established a Tet-On doxycycline-inducible HeLa cell line and a cardiomyocyte H9c2 cell line expressing Nip21 to characterize gene function in relation to apoptosis. We demonstrated that Nip21 expression could induce apoptosis via caspase-depended mitochondria activation. To further determine the function of Nip21 in CVB3-induced apoptosis, the Tet-On/Nip21 HeLa cell line was induced by doxycycline followed by CVB3 infection. We found that activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase occurred 2 hours earlier than in vector-transfected control cells, suggesting that Nip21 expression enhances CVB3-induced apoptosis. We also demonstrated a significant decrease in HeLa cell and H9c2 cell viability. Particularly, as illustrated by viral plaque assay, CVB3 replication was dramatically reduced in Tet-On HeLa cells, due at least in part to the earlier killing of the host cells by Nip21 overexpression.
Metal Elements and Gene Expression
Authors: R J Cousins
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1994)

The transcriptional regulation of genes by metals is a biological function separate from structural and catalytic roles for metals in gene expression. Each of these functions relies on metals that enter cells from metabolic compartments derived from and influenced by the dietary metal supply. The intracellular metal pools provide an available source for binding to metalloregulatory proteins for transcriptional regulation. These proteins bind MRE sequences found in the promoters of some genes. The distribution of MRE sequences and of metalloregulatory proteins extends from microbial to mammalian systems. The bulk of the data on metal regulation of mammalian gene expression is from the perspective of positive transcriptional regulation. Nevertheless, negative regulation by metals could potentially occur. Transcriptional regulation of genes by nutritionally important metals must be viewed in the context of the other roles of metals in cellular structure and function. Investigators are rapidly delineating the involvement of metals in molecular biology in general and in gene expression in particular.
Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones of &lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Vibrio cholerae&lt;/emph&gt; O1 Isolated From Diarrheal Patients in Zimbabwe
Authors: M. Sirajul Islam
Journal: JAMA (2009)

To the Editor: Cholera is endemic in many countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa.Sub-Saharan African countries, particularly Angola, Congo, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe, have been strongly affected by cholera in recent years, with a large epidemic occurring in Zimbabwe in 2008.From August 2008 until February 2009, 70 640 patients were reported with cholera in Zimbabwe, of whom 3467 died. 1 On request from the World Health Organization, a team from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDRB), went to Zimbabwe to assess the cholera situation and provide assistance to control the outbreak.Preliminary data on the antibiotic resistance of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains that were isolated from the patients in Zimbabwe are reported.Methods.Stool and rectal swab specimens were collected from randomly selected patients at 4 cholera treatment centers in Zimbabwe, including Beatrice Road Infectious Diseases Hospital and Budiriro in Harare province, Chinhoyi in Mashonaland West, and Binga in Matebeleland North provinces.V cholerae O1 was isolated and identified following standard procedures. 2 The presence of virulence-associated genes (including genes encoding cholera toxin) and the major colonization factor (toxin coregulated pilus) were tested by specific polymerase chain reaction assays. 2 The strains were also subjected to ribotyping to assess clonal relationship. 3The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and azithromycin were determined using Etest (AB bioMe ´rieux, Solna, Sweden) following standard procedures.The measured MICs were rounded to the nearest higher 2-fold dilution.The strains were also tested for sensitivity using the disk diffusion method.
Inferring mouse gene functions from genomic-scale data using a combined functional network/classification strategy
Authors: Wan Kim, Chase Krumpelman, Edward M Marcotte
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

The complete set of mouse genes, as with the set of human genes, is still largely uncharacterized, with many pieces of experimental evidence accumulating regarding the activities and expression of the genes, but the majority of genes as yet still of unknown function. Within the context of the MouseFunc competition, we developed and applied two distinct large-scale data mining approaches to infer the functions (Gene Ontology annotations) of mouse genes from experimental observations from available functional genomics, proteomics, comparative genomics, and phenotypic data. The two strategies — the first using classifiers to map features to annotations, the second propagating annotations from characterized genes to uncharacterized genes along edges in a network constructed from the features — offer alternative and possibly complementary approaches to providing functional annotations. Here, we re-implement and evaluate these approaches and their combination for their ability to predict the proper functional annotations of genes in the MouseFunc data set. We show that, when controlling for the same set of input features, the network approach generally outperformed a naïve Bayesian classifier approach, while their combination offers some improvement over either independently. We make our observations of predictive performance on the MouseFunc competition hold-out set, as well as on a ten-fold cross-validation of the MouseFunc data. Across all 1,339 annotated genes in the MouseFunc test set, the median predictive power was quite strong (median area under a receiver operating characteristic plot of 0.865 and average precision of 0.195), indicating that a mining-based strategy with existing data is a promising path towards discovering mammalian gene functions. As one product of this work, a high-confidence subset of the functional mouse gene network was produced — spanning >70% of mouse genes with >1.6 million associations — that is predictive of mouse (and therefore often human) gene function and functional associations. The network should be generally useful for mammalian gene functional analyses, such as for predicting interactions, inferring functional connections between genes and pathways, and prioritizing candidate genes. The network and all predictions are available on the worldwide web.
A different view on human albumin
Authors: B NOHE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

With great interest we have read the article by Zhang and Frei on the anti-inflammatory effects of human albumin in the September issue of this journal [1]. They report a downregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on albumin-treated human aortic endothelial cells which supports our previous results of a reduced VCAM-1 expression on TNFα-activated venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) [2]. Nevertheless, their paper warrants further comments since the authors exclusively discuss the beneficial effects of albumin and do not take into account possible risks of albumin supplementation.

Fast infusion of human albumin is well known to cause severe hypotension and flushing. Such …
Reconciling Gene and Genome Duplication Events: Using Multiple Nuclear Gene Families to Infer the Phylogeny of the Aquatic Plant Family Pontederiaceae
Authors: Rob W. Ness, Sean W. Graham, Spencer C. H. Barrett
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Most plant phylogenetic inference has used DNA sequence data from the plastid genome. This genome represents a single genealogical sample with no recombination among genes, potentially limiting the resolution of evolutionary relationships in some contexts. In contrast, nuclear DNA is inherently more difficult to employ for phylogeny reconstruction because major mutational events in the genome, including polyploidization, gene duplication, and gene extinction can result in homologous gene copies that are difficult to identify as orthologs or paralogs. Gene tree parsimony (GTP) can be used to infer the rooted species tree by fitting gene genealogies to species trees while simultaneously minimizing the estimated number of duplications needed to reconcile conflicts among them. Here, we use GTP for five nuclear gene families and a previously published plastid data set to reconstruct the phylogenetic backbone of the aquatic plant family Pontederiaceae. Plastid-based phylogenetic studies strongly supported extensive paraphyly of Eichhornia (one of the four major genera) but also depicted considerable ambiguity concerning the true root placement for the family. Our results indicate that species trees inferred from the nuclear genes (alone and in combination with the plastid data) are highly congruent with gene trees inferred from plastid data alone. Consideration of optimal and suboptimal gene tree reconciliations place the root of the family at (or near) a branch leading to the rare and locally restricted E. meyeri. We also explore methods to incorporate uncertainty in individual gene trees during reconciliation by considering their individual bootstrap profiles and relate inferred excesses of gene duplication events on individual branches to whole-genome duplication events inferred for the same branches. Our study improves understanding of the phylogenetic history of Pontederiaceae and also demonstrates the utility of GTP for phylogenetic analysis.
Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction: Part I. A new method allowing genetic diagnosis and DNA fingerprinting of single cells
Authors: I Findlay, P Quirke
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

The analysis of genetic material is fundamental to many medical and scientific applications. One method that has been used extensively for detection or diagnosis of genetic material, especially for single-gene defects or sex, is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is particularly useful when the amount of genetic material is very limited, or samples have been degraded or fixed. In recent years, sensitivity has increased so that even single copies of genes within a single cell can be detected. This article discusses some of the difficulties involved with single-cell PCR and introduces single-cell fluorescent PCR and its potential applications. The use of fluorescent PCR to reduce misdiagnosis is discussed in detail.
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome leads to a functional deterioration of the acinus post lung transplant
Authors: Bruce R Thompson, Yvonne M Hodgson, Tom Kotsimbos, Pam Liakakos, Matthew J Ellis, Gregory I Snell, Sylvia Verbanck
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) limits long-term survival of lung transplant recipients, and airflow obstruction in these patients likely originates in the small airways. 61 double lung transplant recipients performed multiple breath nitrogen washouts to obtain indices of acinar and conductive ventilation heterogeneity (S<sub>acin</sub>, S<sub>cond</sub>). There was a significant association of BOS status with S<sub>acin</sub> (Kruskal–Wallis; p&lt;0.001) but not with S<sub>cond</sub> (p=0.1). These results demonstrate that it is the structural alteration of the terminal bronchioles, generating ventilation heterogeneity at the level of the diffusion front, and not the bronchioles located more proximally, that is driving the airflow obstruction that determines BOS status.
Meta-analysis of dioxin cancer dose response for three occupational cohorts.
Authors: Kenny S Crump, Richard Canady, Manolis Kogevinas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

This article presents a meta analysis of data from three cohorts occupationally exposed to TCDD and related compounds. A statistically significant (p = 0.02) trend was found in total cancer mortality with increasing dioxin exposure. The trend tests show an increase in total cancer at cumulative TEQ (unit of measurement for TCDD-like compounds that is defined as the amount of TCDD that would produce the same toxicity as a mixture of TCDD-like compounds) serum levels that would result from lifetime intake of 7 pg TEQ/kg body weight/day, with no increase at 6 pg/kg/day. A linear dose response provided a good fit to the combined data and predicted an ED(01) (dioxin exposure resulting in a 0.01 increase in lifetime risk of cancer mortality) of 45 pg/kg/day (95% confidence interval, 21-324). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that current lifetime human exposures to dioxin average approximately 1 pg/kg/day (99% percentile: 3 pg/kg/day). Although it appears unlikely that current exposures through foods would reach either 7 pg/kg/day or the ED(01), our analysis argues for careful consideration of the upper ranges of long-term average exposures for dioxins.
Treatment Complications in Children Diagnosed With Neuroblastoma During a Screening Program
Authors: Stéphane Barrette, Mark L. Bernstein, Jean-Marie Leclerc, Martin A. Champagne, Yvan Samson, Josée Brossard, William G. Woods
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

The Québec Neuroblastoma Screening Program was put in place to investigate the possibility of decreasing mortality from high-risk neuroblastoma through early screening. We assess treatment complications in the patients diagnosed during this screening program.A total of 476,603 patients born during the screening period were eligible. Parents of 425,838 children (89%) agreed to participate in the 3-week screening, and 73% agreed to participate in the 6-month screening. Forty-five patients had neuroblastoma. We reviewed the medical and research charts for all patients diagnosed by screening. Follow-up was available from 8 to 13 years after screening.Forty-five patients were diagnosed by screening. All patients were treated according to the Pediatric Oncology Group recommendations of the time. All patients had surgery, and 29 patients received chemotherapy. No patient died from neuroblastoma. Eleven patients suffered complications from treatment. Two patients had life-threatening complications.In view of the lack of impact of screening programs on neuroblastoma mortality, evidence that many of the tumors detected through screening can be observed without treatment and the serious complications that may arise from therapy, we do not support neuroblastoma screening programs for children.