tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low-cost, low-field dedicated extremity magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis: a 1-year follow-up study
Authors: H M Lindegaard, J Vallo, K Horslev-Petersen, P Junker, M Ostergaard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objective:</b> To study the ability of low-cost low-field dedicated extremity magnetic resonance imaging (E-MRI) to assess and predict erosive joint damage in the wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. <b>Methods:</b> 24 previously untreated patients with rheumatoid arthritis with joint symptoms for &lt;1 year were evaluated at the time of diagnosis and after 6 and 12 months of methotrexate treatment with conventional clinical or biochemical examinations, <i>x</i> rays of both hands and wrists, and E-MRI of the dominant wrist and MCP joints. <b>Results:</b> At baseline, all patients showed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) synovitis, and MRI erosions were detected in 21 bones (10 patients). 6 (29%) of these, distributed among two patients, were seen on <i>x</i> ray. One <i>x</i> ray erosion was not detected by MRI. At 1 year, MRI and <i>x</i> ray detected 15 and 8 new erosions, respectively, and 19% of MRI erosions at baseline had progressed to <i>x</i> ray erosions. In bones with MRI erosions at baseline, the relative risk of having <i>x</i> ray erosions at the 1-year follow-up was 12.1, compared with bones without baseline MRI erosions (lesion-centred analysis). If bones with baseline <i>x</i> ray erosions were excluded, the relative risk was 5.2. In patients with baseline MRI bone erosion or oedema, the relative risk of having <i>x</i> ray erosions at 1 year was 4.0, compared with patients without these signs at baseline (patient-centred analysis). <b>Conclusion:</b> In this group of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis who were treated uniformly, baseline E-MRI erosions in MCP or wrist bones markedly increased the risk of <i>x</i> ray erosions at the 1-year follow-up. Low-cost, low-field dedicated extremity MRI is promising for assessment and prognostication of early rheumatoid arthritis.
Detection of Promoter Hypermethylation in Salivary Rinses as a Biomarker for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surveillance
Authors: André Lopes Carvalho, Rui Henrique, Carmen Jeronimo, Chetan S. Nayak, Ashok N. Reddy, Mohammad O. Hoque, Steven Chang, Mariana Brait, Wei-Wen Jiang, Michael M. Kim, Quia Claybourne, David Goldenberg, Zubair Khan, Tanbir Khan, William H. Westra, David Sidransky, Wayne Koch, Joseph A. Califano
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters has been found in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) and other solid tumors. We evaluated these alterations in pretreatment salivary rinses from HNSCC patients by using real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP).
Incidence of Childhood Obesity in the United States
Authors: Solveig A Cunningham, Michael R Kramer, K M Venkat Narayan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Although the increased prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has been documented, little is known about its incidence. We report here on the national incidence of obesity among elementary-school children.We evaluated data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999, a representative prospective cohort of 7738 participants who were in kindergarten in 1998 in the United States. Weight and height were measured seven times between 1998 and 2007. Of the 7738 participants, 6807 were not obese at baseline; these participants were followed for 50,396 person-years. We used standard thresholds from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to define "overweight" and "obese" categories. We estimated the annual incidence of obesity, the cumulative incidence over 9 years, and the incidence density (cases per person-years) overall and according to sex, socioeconomic status, race or ethnic group, birth weight, and kindergarten weight.When the children entered kindergarten (mean age, 5.6 years), 12.4% were obese and another 14.9% were overweight; in eighth grade (mean age, 14.1 years), 20.8% were obese and 17.0% were overweight. The annual incidence of obesity decreased from 5.4% during kindergarten to 1.7% between fifth and eighth grade. Overweight 5-year-olds were four times as likely as normal-weight children to become obese (9-year cumulative incidence, 31.8% vs. 7.9%), with rates of 91.5 versus 17.2 per 1000 person-years. Among children who became obese between the ages of 5 and 14 years, nearly half had been overweight and 75% had been above the 70th percentile for body-mass index at baseline.Incident obesity between the ages of 5 and 14 years was more likely to have occurred at younger ages, primarily among children who had entered kindergarten overweight. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.).
BLOOD PRESSURE IN MEDITERRANEAN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: THE MOTHER-CHILD COHORT IN CRETE, GREECE (RHEA STUDY)
Authors: Ioannis E. Germanakis, Leda Chatzi, Theano Roumeliotaki, Marianna Karachaliou, Manolis Kogevinas, Maria Vassilaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Injuries and musculoskeletal complaints in referees and assistant referees selected for the 2006 FIFA World Cup: retrospective and prospective survey
Authors: M Bizzini, A Junge, R Bahr, W Helsen, J Dvorak
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Background: There is a considerable amount of scientific literature on football, but few studies have focused on referees, despite their key role in this sport. Existing studies focus on the physiological demands and training of referees. Purpose: To analyse injuries and musculoskeletal complaints in referees and assistant referees selected for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Study design: Retrospective survey and prospective study. Methods: During the preparation camps for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, all 123 referees pre-selected for the tournament completed a questionnaire on injuries and musculoskeletal complaints. During the tournament, the characteristics and consequences of all injuries and complaints incurred by the 63 officiating referees were documented. Results: More than 40% of the referees reported having incurred an injury and more than 60% having had musculoskeletal complaints during their career. About 20% of the group reported having suffered from musculoskeletal complaints in the last match. During the World Cup, 14 referees (22%) incurred an injury and more than 30% had musculoskeletal complaints. This prospectively collected data showed an incidence of 20.8 injuries per 1000 match hours (95% CI: 4.17 to 37.4). The most common acute injuries were hamstring strains, calf strains, and ankle sprains, while the most frequent locations of complaints were the low back, hamstring and knee. Conclusion: Considering the injury profile, the prevalence of associated musculoskeletal complaints, and the high physiological demands of refereeing, it appears that injury prevention programmes should be developed and integrated into the fitness training routine of the referee.
Ethanol-induced changes in hepatic free radical defense mechanisms and fatty-acid composition in the miniature pig
Authors: Sheri Zidenberg-Cherr, Katherine L. Olin, Jesus Villanueva, Anna Tang, Stephen D. Phinney, Charles H. Halsted, Carl L. Keen
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

In the miniature pig, ethanol consumption has been reported to induce alterations in hepatic antioxidant defense capacity, which could result in increased risk of peroxidative damage. However, ethanol may also induce changes in membrane fatty acid composition, which could reduce the risk of peroxidative damage. This study examined lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense and fatty acid composition in livers from miniature pigs fed ethanol in diets containing 12% of their calories as fat for 20 mo. After 12 and 20 mo of feeding, ethanol-fed pigs had higher hepatic manganese-superoxide dismutase activity, lower hepatic copper concentrations and low hepatic copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities compared with controls. Lipid peroxidation as assessed by thiobarbituric acid reacting substance assay was lower in liver homogenate and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions from ethanol-fed pigs than in controls. The percentage contribution of highly unsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids in liver homogenates (after 12 mo of feeding) and microsome fractions (after 20 mo of feeding) was lower in the ethanol-fed pigs than in the controls, resulting in a lower peroxidizability index. Ethanol-fed pigs had minimal or no hepatic damage as assessed by histological methods. We suggest that the relative resistance of microsomes to lipid peroxidation is due to the lower peroxidizability index in the ethanol-fed pigs and may account in part for the absence of significant histopathological findings after 20 mo of ethanol feeding.
Protective effect of increased glycolytic substrate against systolic and diastolic dysfunction and increased coronary resistance from prolonged global underperfusion and reperfusion in isolated rabbit hearts perfused with erythrocyte suspensions.
Authors: F R Eberli, E O Weinberg, W N Grice, G L Horowitz, C S Apstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Current therapy of myocardial infarction may include early reperfusion. We simulated myocardial perfusion conditions during evolving myocardial infarction in isolated, normothermic, isovolumic rabbit hearts perfused with buffer containing bovine red blood cells (hematocrit of 40%), and we assessed the effects of high levels of glucose and insulin as "therapy" during prolonged (150-minute) severe underperfusion and reperfusion. Protocol 1 consisted of underperfusion at a constant coronary perfusion pressure of 8 mm Hg. The control group (n = 8) received 5.5 mmol/l glucose and 15 microunits/ml insulin; the group treated with high levels of glucose and insulin (G + I) (n = 8) received 19.5 mmol/l glucose and 250 microunits/ml insulin during both underperfusion and reperfusion. Relative to the control group, the G + I group experienced 1) greater developed pressure during underperfusion and increased recovery during reperfusion, 2) preserved diastolic function during underperfusion and reperfusion, 3) lower coronary resistance and greater coronary flow during the underperfusion period, 4) increased glycolytic flux and preserved glycogen stores and high energy phosphate levels, and 5) less loss of myocyte enzymes (creatine kinase and alanine aminotransferase). In protocol 2, coronary flow was kept identical in control (n = 8) and G + I hearts (n = 8) during the underperfusion period, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was kept below 10 mm Hg in both groups to minimize subendocardial damage and vascular compression. In this protocol, the effect of the G + I intervention in the prevention of an increase in coronary resistance during the underperfusion period was distinguished from its myocellular metabolic effects; the high G + I substrate had protective effects on mechanical and metabolic function that were less marked than, but similar to, those in protocol 1, indicating that its mechanisms of protection during underperfusion affected both cardiac function and coronary resistance. We conclude that the G + I intervention, in clinically relevant concentrations, markedly protected severely underperfused myocardium for 150 minutes and may be a beneficial intervention in combination with reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction.
IMPROVEMENT OCCURRING IN CASES OF CALCINOSIS UNIVERSALIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: F. PARKES WEBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article IMPROVEMENT OCCURRING IN CASES OF CALCINOSIS UNIVERSALIS IN CHILDREN Get access F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F.R.C.P. F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F.R.C.P. Senior Physician to the German Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 10, 1 October 1935, Pages 400–404, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb09817.x Published: 01 October 1935
Identification and Fracture Outcomes of Undiagnosed Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Ethel S. Siris, Paul D. Miller, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Kenneth G. Faulkner, Lois E. Wehren, Thomas A. Abbott, Marc L. Berger, Arthur C. Santora, Louis M. Sherwood
Journal: JAMA (2001)

are an important cause of disability. 1 Hip fracture is associated with a 20% excess mortality in the year following fracture. 2The cost of managing fractures is substantial: approximately $13.8 billion dollars were spent in the United States in 1995 alone 3 ; estimates of current costs would almost certainly be larger.The size of the population aged 50 years or older will increase markedly during the next several decades, driven by the aging of the baby boomers and by increasing longevity.Thus, the direct as well as indirect costs of fractures are expected to increase correspondingly, both in the United States and worldwide. 4ow bone mineral density (BMD) is the single best predictor of fracture risk in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. 5,6Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and spine is currently the "gold standard" for measurement of BMD. 7 Central DXA equipment is large, expensive, and not universally available.Testing costs are not consistently covered by insurance companies, especially for women younger than 65 years.The availability of lowercost, small, portable technologies that
On sepsis and defining words
Authors: C. Franklin
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Background/Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the prognosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) based on the underlying pulmonary disease. Patients and Methods: A total of 204 patients with SCLC were reviewed and categorized into three groups: normal, emphysema and fibrosis. Results: The median overall survival duration (OS) in patients with normal lungs (n=57), with emphysema (n=105) and fibrosis (n=42) was 21.3, 16.4 and 10.8 months (p=0.063). In limited-stage disease (LD), the median OS in patients with fibrosis (7.4 months) was shorter than normal (52.7 months) or emphysema patients (26.4 months) (p=0.034). In extensive-stage disease (ED), the median OS in patients with fibrosis (12.7 months) was not significantly different from normal (11.4 months) or emphysema patients (13.5 months) (p=0.600). Conclusion: Patients with fibrosis had a poorer prognosis than normal or emphysema patients in LD-SCLC, but the coexistence of pulmonary fibrosis did not affect the prognostic outcomes in ED-SCLC.
Clinical and histological evaluation of interferon alfa-2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
Authors: C Panella, A Francavilla, D Conte, I Tatulli, F Rubini
Journal: Gut (1993)

In a study of 37 patients with hepatitis C (proved histologically) positive chronic hepatitis, a correlation was seen between clinical efficacy and histological improvement after treatment with interferon alfa-2b (3 million units (MU) three times a week for six months plus six months' follow up). Alanine aminotransferase activities became normal in 18 (48%) patients during treatment; at the end of follow up eight (45%) had a continued response to the treatment. Paired liver biopsy specimens showed marked improvements in Knodell index score and portal inflammation in these patients.
Risk of Subsequent Solid Tumors After Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Effect of Diagnostic Age and Time Since Diagnosis
Authors: Kari Hemminki, Per Lenner, Jan Sundquist, Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Quantitative data on subsequent cancers after primary cancers provide information on treatment-related risks on second cancers, with implications for therapeutic adverse effects and human susceptibility in general. Quantitative data on solid tumors are limited. We focus on survivors of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) because the disease is diagnosed at a wide range of ages and treated uniformly primarily with chemotherapy.The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database included 11.5 million individuals whose cancers were retrieved from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for subsequent neoplasms among 28,131 patients with NHL.The SIR for solid tumors after NHL was 1.65 (2,290 patients) and that for lymphohematopoietic neoplasms was 5.36 (369 patients). Among the 25 most common solid tumors, the SIRs were increased for all but nine sites; the highest SIR (40.8) was observed for spinal meningioma. The SIRs for solid tumors declined in an age-dependent manner from 4.52 in diagnostic age younger than 20 years to 1.12 in diagnostic age 70+ years. In the most common patient groups, the SIRs for solid tumors increased up to 30 years after NHL diagnosis. Because of the high incidence of solid tumors in these age groups, they contributed the largest numbers of therapy-related cases.These data indicate that age at treatment determines both the magnitude of the initial relative risk and the time-dependent modulation of the response. Therapy-related damage persists at least 30 years and its toll of solid tumors is largest 21 to 30 years after diagnosis.
Antimetastatic Effect of 4-Carbethoxy-S-(3,3-Dimethyl-lTriazeno)- 2-Methylimidazole
Authors: James Heyes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Antimetastatic Effect of 4-Carbethoxy-S-(3,3-Dimethyl-lTriazeno)- 2-Methylimidazole Get access James Heyes James Heyes 2Beecham Research Laboratories, Brockham Park, Betchworth, Surrey, England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 1, July 1974, Pages 279–280, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.1.279 Published: 01 July 1974 Article history Received: 07 March 1974 Accepted: 15 March 1974 Published: 01 July 1974
Missed Insulin Boluses for Snacks in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Brandon W. VanderWel, Laurel H. Messer, Lauren A. Horton, Bryan McNair, Erin C. Cobry, Kim K. McFann, H. Peter Chase
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of missed insulin boluses for snacks in youth with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three months of simultaneous continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous glucose monitoring data from nine subjects were retrospectively evaluated. Glucose excursions between 1330 and 1700 h were defined as relating to snacks with insulin or snacks with no insulin administered. Area under the curve >180 mg/dl (AUC >180), average Delta glucose, and rate of change were analyzed and compared within and between groups. RESULTS A total of 94 snacks without insulin and 101 snacks with insulin were analyzed. Snacks without insulin had significantly higher log (AUC >180 + 1) (1.26 vs. 0.44 mg/dl per event; P < 0.001), Delta glucose (114 vs. 52 mg/dl; P < 0.001), and average rate of change (1.3 vs. 1.1 mg/dl per minute; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that afternoon snacks without insulin boluses are common and result in significantly higher glucose excursions than snacks with insulin administration.
On the Anatomical Investigation of Epilepsy and Epileptiform Convulsions
Authors: J. H. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1873)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7/OURNAL.the removal of the tumour would probably have been easily effected from the mouth, and with much less danger both to life and to voice.I may add that I took all possible care to avoid any interference with the tissue of the true vocal cord in the operation.In fact, the tumour was attached, not to the true, but to the false vocal cord.The distortion of the cord is, I suspect, the result of the cicatrisation which followed on the removal of the tumour.If it is objected that the same cicatris- ation might have followed after removal by the laryngeal Jcraseuir, I would reply that I think this is less likely, from the very circumstance that the base of the tumour would probably have been less easy to reach.In my zeal to extirpate the disease, after having removed the chief mass, I cut away another portion which still projected.If I ever repeat the operation, I would not do this.The stalks of these polypi, like those of uterine polypi, may doubtless be safely left to wither away, after the portion which produces symptoms has been removed.With this precaution, possibly the mere removal of the polypus from the larynx may not involve more danger to the voice in the one method than in the other.But surely the division of the whole larynx, from top to bottom, cannot be effected without risk to the integrity of its mechanism.If there is no risk that some unlucky deviation of the knife may injure the cords mechanically, is there no risk that their * Since the above has been in type we have the report of a fatal case, apparently of meat-noisoningat Arhrnath-A eareful annt rieiAd innuirv is to he deesired.
Variability in interpretation of chest radiographs among Russian clinicians and implications for screening programmes: observational study
Authors: Y Balabanova, R Coker, I Fedorin, S Zakharova, S Plavinskij, N Krukov, R Atun, F Drobniewski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine variability in interpretation of chest radiographs among tuberculosis specialists, radiologists, and respiratory specialists. <b>Design</b> Observational study. <b>Setting</b> Tuberculosis and respiratory disease services, Samara region, Russian Federation. <b>Participants</b> 101 clinicians involved in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary tuberculosis and respiratory diseases. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Interobserver and intraobserver agreement on the interpretation of 50 digital chest radiographs, using a scale of poor to very good agreement (κ coefficient: ≤ 0.20 poor, 0.21-0.40 fair, 0.41-0.60 moderate, 0.61-0.80 good, and 0.81-1.00 very good). <b>Results</b> Agreement on the presence or absence of an abnormality was fair only (κ = 0.380, 95% confidence interval 0.376 to 0.384), moderate for localisation of the abnormality (0.448, 0.444 to 0.452), and fair for a diagnosis of tuberculosis (0.387, 0.382 to 0.391). The highest levels of agreement were among radiologists. Level of experience (years of work in the specialty) influenced agreement on presence of abnormalities and cavities. Levels of intraobserver agreement were fair. <b>Conclusions</b> Population screening for tuberculosis in Russia may be less than optimal owing to limited agreement on interpretation of chest radiographs, and may have implications for radiological screening programmes in other countries.