tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Why Integrin as a Primary Target for Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Gang Niu, Xiaoyuan Chen
Journal: Theranostics (2011)

Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is involved in many essential normal cellular and pathological functions including cell survival, growth, differentiation, migration, inflammatory responses, platelet aggregation, tissue repair and tumor invasion. 24 different heterodimerized transmembrane integrin receptors are combined from 18 different α and 8 different β subunits. Each integrin subunit contains a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain and a usually short cytoplasmic domain. Integrins bind extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through their large extracellular domain, and engage the cytoskeleton via their short cytoplasmic tails. These integrin-mediated linkages on either side of the plasma membrane are dynamically linked. Thus, integrins communicate over the plasma membrane in both directions, i.e., outside-in and inside-out signaling. In outside-in signaling through integrins, conformational changes of integrin induced by ligand binding on the extracellular domain altered the cytoplasmic domain structures to elicit various intracellular signaling pathways. Inside-out signaling originates from non-integrin cell surface receptors or cytoplasmic molecules and it activates signaling pathways inside the cells, ultimately resulting in the activation/deactivation of integrins. Integrins are one of key family proteins for cell adhesion regulation through binding to a large number of ECM molecules and cell membrane proteins. Lack of expression of integrins may result in a wide variety of effects ranging from blockage in pre-implantation to embryonic or perinatal lethality and developmental defects. Based on both the key role they played in angiogenesis, leukocytes function and tumor development and easy accessibility as cell surface receptors interacting with extracellular ligands, the integrin superfamily represents the best opportunity of targeting both antibodies and small-molecule antagonists for both therapeutic and diagnostic utility in various key diseases so far.
Usefulness of imaging ovarian cancer recurrence with In-111-labeled monoclonal antibody (OC125) specific for CA125 antigen
Authors: P. Peltier, J.-P. Dutin, J.-F Chatal, P. Fumoleau, P. Bourguet, J.-C. Liehn, J.-P Vuillez, J.-Y Hérry, A. Loboguerrero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1993)
The common cold
Authors: Terho Heikkinen, Asko Järvinen
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

Despite great advances in medicine, the common cold continues to be a great burden on society in terms of human suffering and economic losses. Of the several viruses that cause the disease, the role of rhinoviruses is most prominent. About a quarter of all colds are still without proven cause, and the recent discovery of human metapneumovirus suggests that other viruses could remain undiscovered. Research into the inflammatory mechanisms of the common cold has elucidated the complexity of the virus-host relation. Increasing evidence is also available for the central role of viruses in predisposing to complications. New antivirals for the treatment of colds are being developed, but optimum use of these agents would require rapid detection of the specific virus causing the infection. Although vaccines against many respiratory viruses could also become available, the ultimate prevention of the common cold seems to remain a distant aim.
The death of Claudius
Authors: M. Powlson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Though arguing for a natural death, Mr Marmion and Professor Wiedermann (May 2002 JRSM1) concede that no-one can really know whether the Roman Emperor Claudius was poisoned. Their interpretation relies heavily on writings from Lucius Annaeus Seneca, who was banished from Rome for eight years by Claudius and was hardly a disinterested observer. He was brought back from exile to be Nero's tutor, and was forced to commit suicide by Nero in 65 AD. I favour the poison theory myself, on the basis of the texts they mention and the fact that all the other Caesars were assassinated.
Epigenetic Reprogramming of <i>HOXC10</i> in Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer
Authors: Thushangi N. Pathiraja, Shweta R. Nayak, Yuanxin Xi, Shiming Jiang, Jason P. Garee, Dean P. Edwards, Adrian V. Lee, Jian Chen, Martin J. Shea, Richard J. Santen, Frank Gannon, Sara Kangaspeska, Jaroslav Jelinek, Jean-Pierre J. Issa, Jennifer K. Richer, Anthony Elias, Marie McIlroy, Leonie S. Young, Nancy E. Davidson, Rachel Schiff, Wei Li, Steffi Oesterreich
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Genome-wide screen identifies methylation of the estrogen-repressed HOXC10 gene as a determinant of resistance to aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer.
Second-hand smoke exposure in a sample of European hospitals
Authors: E Fernández, C Martínez, M Fu, J M Martínez-Sánchez, M J López, G Invernizzi, A Ouranou, B Dautzenberg, M Nebot
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Smoking in hospitals is banned in many European countries; nevertheless, the level of compliance is diverse, and, in some cases, smoking areas remain. The present study describes the levels of second-hand smoke, as derived from respirable suspended particle measurements, in a sample of European hospitals during the year 2007. The present study was a multicentric descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 30 hospitals in seven European countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Romania and Spain). Particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) concentration was measured by means of a hand-held laser-operated monitor of particle size and mass concentration in six selected indoor locations. Medians and interquartile ranges of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration were computed in order to describe the data by country and location of measurement. The median PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration in all countries and locations was 3.0 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, with half of the measurements ranging 2.0–7.0 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>. PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels were similar across countries. Eleven (5.5%) measurements were &gt;25.0 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, which is the 24-h mean limit recommended by the World Health Organization outdoor air quality guideline. The present results show that exposure to second-hand smoke in this sample of European hospitals is very low, and can be easily monitored in order to ensure smoke-free legislation compliance.
A 3-year-old child with abdominal pain and fever
Authors: G. Bonetto
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

A previously healthy 3-yr-old male was evaluated for fever and abdominal pain, and a chest radiograph was performed (fig.1).A detailed history was collected and the parents reported the child having a ''distended abdomen'' from a few months old.They had the impression he was a calm child, less inclined to run and play than his peers.In the previous year, two episodes of bronchitis had prompted skin-prick tests, showing sensitisation to trees, dogs, cats, Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus.The child's history was otherwise uneventful for respiratory symptoms, such as tachypnoea, persistent cough, wheezing or chest pain.
From hysterick disorders to biomedical research
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Hospital corridors that once echoed to the footsteps of medical luminaries such as Joseph Lister and James Simpson fell silent for the final time last week. The 124 year old Edinburgh Royal Infirmary closed its doors, as the last of its medical services moved to a new £184m ($295m; €260m) hospital on a greenfield site to the south of the city.

The closure of …
Insights into Autism Spectrum Disorder Genomic Architecture and Biology from 71 Risk Loci
Authors: Stephan J. Sanders, Xin He, A. Jeremy Willsey, A. Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek, Kaitlin E. Samocha, A. Ercument Cicek, Michael T. Murtha, Vanessa H. Bal, Somer L. Bishop, Shan Dong, Arthur P. Goldberg, Cai Jinlu, John F. Keaney, Lambertus Klei, Jeffrey D. Mandell, Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Christopher S. Poultney, Elise B. Robinson, Louw Smith, Tor Solli-Nowlan, Mack Y. Su, Nicole A. Teran, Michael F. Walker, Donna M. Werling, Arthur L. Beaudet, Rita M. Cantor, Eric Fombonne, Daniel H. Geschwind, Dorothy E. Grice, Catherine Lord, Jennifer K. Lowe, Shrikant M. Mane, Donna M. Martin, Eric M. Morrow, Michael E. Talkowski, James S. Sutcliffe, Christopher A. Walsh, Timothy W. Yu, David H. Ledbetter, Christa Lese Martin, Edwin H. Cook, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Mark J. Daly, Bernie Devlin, Kathryn Roeder, Matthew W. State
Journal: Neuron (2015)
The Importance of Sex in the Variability of the Cholesteremic Response of Rabbits Fed Cholesterol
Authors: Louis C. FILLIOS, GEORGE V. MANN
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Cholesterol feeding studies revealed that the wide variability of cholesteremic response of rabbits is in part sex determined. Male rabbits display lower cholesterol levels both before and after cholesterol feeding. Estradiol treatment of selected rabbits fed cholesterol augmented their cholesteremic response; testosterone treatment had an opposite effect. Ovariectomy lowered while orchidectomy augmented the cholesteremic response of rabbits fed cholesterol; castration tended to diminish the wide variability of cholesteremic response previously observed among intact rabbits.
Exercise training for pulmonary hypertension: another prescription to write?
Authors: Lewis J. Rubin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

For over 30 years I have been advising my patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) to be physically active to a level of exertion that does not produce severe dyspnoea persisting post-exercise, dizziness, syncope or chest pain, based on the assumption that inactivity was bad both physically and mentally. This empirical advice meant little in the years before effective medical and surgical methods of treating PH were developed, but gained importance both as a conditioning practice for patients considered for transplantation or pulmonary endarterectomy, and as an adjunct to long-term medical therapy [1]. Only recently, however, has evidence supporting a meaningful benefit of physical activity been generated, dispelling the notion that there may be more harm than good resulting from attempting to increase blood flow through a restricted and presumed noncompliant pulmonary vascular bed [2]. In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Grunig et al . [3] bring …
Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Is Attenuated in γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase–Deficient Mice
Authors: Annie Pardo, Víctor Ruiz, José Luis Arreola, Remedios Ramírez, José Cisneros-Lira, Miguel Gaxiola, Roberto Barrios, Subbarao V. Kala, Michael W. Lieberman, Moisés Selman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

To investigate repair mechanisms in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we used mice deficient in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT−/−), a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) and cysteine metabolism. Seventy-two hours after bleomycin (0.03 U/g), GGT−/− mice displayed a different inflammatory response to wild-type mice as judged by a near absence of neutrophils in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage and a less pronounced rise in matrix metalloproteinase-9. Inflammation in GGT−/− mice consisted mainly of lymphocytes and macrophages. At 1 month, lungs from bleomycin-treated GGT−/− mice exhibited minimal areas of fibrosis compared with wild-type mice(light microscopy fibrosis index: 510 ± 756 versus 1975 ± 817, p < 0.01). Lung collagen content revealed a significant increase in bleomycin-treated wild-type (15.1 ± 3.8 versus 8.5 ± 0.7 μg hydroxy(OH)-proline/mg dry weight, p < 0.01) but not in GGT−/− (10.4 ± 1.7 versus 8.8 ± 0.8). Control lungs from GGT−/− showed a significant reduction of cysteine (0.03 ± 0.005 versus 0.055 ± 0.001, p < 0.02) and GSH levels (1.24 ± 0.055 versus 1.79 ± 0.065, p < 0.002). These values decreased after 72 hours of bleomycin in both GGT−/− and wild-type but reached their respective control values after 1 month. Supplementation with N-acetyl cysteine partially ameliorated the effects of GGT deficiency. These findings suggest that increased neutrophils and matrix metalloproteinase-9 during the early inflammatory response and adequate thiol reserves are key elements in the fibrotic response after bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury.
The Influence of Maternal BMI and Age in Twin Pregnancies on Insulin Resistance in the Offspring
Authors: Ruth J.F. Loos, David I.W. Phillips, Robert Fagard, Gaston Beunen, Catherine Derom, Chantal Mathieu, Johan Verhaeghe, Robert Vlietinck
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—There is strong evidence that low birth weight is associated with glucose intolerance and diabetes in adults. We have carried out a twin study to distinguish among maternal influences, which affect both twins; fetoplacental influences, which are unique to each twin; and the genetic factors that may underlie this association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We identified a sample of 423 twin pairs (250 monozygotic and 173 dizygotic) from the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey who were born between 1964 and 1982. Data collected in this study included the mother’s body composition and weight gain during pregnancy, the twins’ birth weights, and gestational age. The twins (aged 18–34 years) attended a research center for measurement of height, weight, and waist-to-hip ratio as well as fasting glucose, proinsulin, and insulin concentrations. RESULTS—Among twin pairs discordant for birth weight, we found little evidence that the lighter twin had abnormal glucose-insulin metabolism in adult life. However, both a low prepregnancy maternal BMI and older maternal age at delivery were associated with hyperinsulinemia and evidence of insulin resistance in the offspring. Fasting insulin increased by 1.3% (95% CI 0.1–2.6%) per unit fall in maternal BMI and by 1.1% (0.02–2.0%) per year increase in maternal age. These associations were independent of the twins’ BMI and waist-to-hip ratio and their zygosity. CONCLUSIONS—These novel findings suggest that in twin pregnancies, maternal factors are more important than fetoplacental factors in determining glucose-insulin metabolism in the offspring.
Cyanosis and Anoxaemia in Gas-and-Oxygen Anaesthesia
Authors: R. L. Wynne
Journal: BMJ (1940)

a few minutes before had complained of a numb feeling in the left leg., accompanied by fairly sharp pain.In a very short time there was loss of sensation to the knee, pallor, and loss of position sense.Pulsation could not be elicited at any point below the termination of the common femoral artery.This whole picture did not develop immediately.Only after several careful examinations was it definitely decided to operate on the femoral artery in Scarpa's triangle.The procedture was carried out under spinal anaesthesia.An embolus
Congratulations to team GB, but why should we be so surprised? Olympic medal count can be predicted using logit regression models that include ‘home advantage’
Authors: Alan M Nevill, Nigel J Balmer, Edward M Winter
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

For the vast majority, the London 2012 Olympic Games were a triumph and team Great Britain's (GB) successes in particular were remarkable. The 65 medals won exceeded most people's expectations. The accomplishments were testament to the achievements of athletes and their coaches, a source of delight and pride for spectators and an endorsement for those who provided scientific and medical support. But why should we have been so surprised? Over 3 years ago, Nevill et al 1 predicted team GB would win 63 medals in London 2012. Using all cities/countries that had hosted the Olympic Games since the World War II, the authors modelled the number of medals awarded to competitors from each country as a binomial proportion (p) response variable (eg, in 2008 GB was awarded 47 medals out of a total of 958 available, ie, p=47/958=0.049) using a logit regression model. The logit model was![Formula][1]</img>where the 'Intercept' parameters varied significantly between … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Relationship Between β-Cell Mass and Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration in Humans
Authors: Robert A. Ritzel, Alexandra E. Butler, Robert A. Rizza, Johannes D. Veldhuis, Peter C. Butler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

36.5 5.3 kg/m 2 ). We only included people with type 2 diabetes who were not taking insulin or glucose-lowering oral medications, both of which would have influenced the measured blood glucose concentrations and the relationship of these with -cell volume. The relationship between fractional -cell volume and fasting blood glucose concentration was analyzed by nonlinear regression analysis to establish the best monoexponential fit of the relationship between the fasting blood glucose (dependent variable) and the -cell volume (independent variable); y span exp(k X) plateau and the point of inflection of the hyperbole. ANOVA was used to test for the effect of -cell volume on fasting blood glucose. RESULTS— There was a significant relationship between the -cell volume and fasting blood glucose concentration, with a point of inflection at x 1.1 0.1%. This relationship is curvilinear (Fig. 1) so that -cell deficiency beyond 1.1% is associated with a steep increase in blood glucose with each further decrement in -cell mass.
Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences.
Authors: A R Rogers, H Harpending
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1992)

Episodes of population growth and decline leave characteristic signatures in the distribution of nucleotide (or restriction) site differences between pairs of individuals. These signatures appear in histograms showing the relative frequencies of pairs of individuals who differ by i sites, where i = 0, 1, .... In this distribution an episode of growth generates a wave that travels to the right, traversing 1 unit of the horizontal axis in each 1/2u generations, where u is the mutation rate. The smaller the initial population, the steeper will be the leading face of the wave. The larger the increase in population size, the smaller will be the distribution's vertical intercept. The implications of continued exponential growth are indistinguishable from those of a sudden burst of population growth Bottlenecks in population size also generate waves similar to those produced by a sudden expansion, but with elevated uppertail probabilities. Reductions in population size initially generate L-shaped distributions with high probability of identity, but these converge rapidly to a new equilibrium. In equilibrium populations the theoretical curves are free of waves. However, computer simulations of such populations generate empirical distributions with many peaks and little resemblance to the theory. On the other hand, agreement is better in the transient (nonequilibrium) case, where simulated empirical distributions typically exhibit waves very similar to those predicted by theory. Thus, waves in empirical distributions may be rich in information about the history of population dynamics.
Transcriptome sequencing in Sézary syndrome identifies Sézary cell and mycosis fungoides-associated lncRNAs and novel transcripts
Authors: Carolyn S. Lee, Alexander Ungewickell, Aparna Bhaduri, Kun Qu, Dan E. Webster, Randall Armstrong, Wen-Kai Weng, Cody J. Aros, Angela Mah, Richard O. Chen, Meihong Lin, Uma Sundram, Howard Y. Chang, Markus Kretz, Youn H. Kim, Paul A. Khavari
Journal: Blood (2012)
Developing a Common Language for Tumor Response to Immunotherapy: Immune-Related Response Criteria Using Unidimensional Measurements
Authors: Mizuki Nishino, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, Maria Gargano, Margaret Suda, Nikhil H. Ramaiya, F. Stephen Hodi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Immune-related response criteria (irRC) was developed to adequately assess tumor response to immunotherapy. The irRC are based on bidimensional measurements, as opposed to unidimensional measurements defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, which has been widely used in solid tumors. We aimed to compare response assessment by bidimensional versus unidimensional irRC in patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab.Fifty-seven patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab in a phase II, expanded access trial were studied. Bidimensional tumor measurement records prospectively conducted during the trial were reviewed to generate a second set of measurements using unidimensional, longest diameter measurements. The percent changes of measurements at follow-up, best overall response, and time-to-progression (TTP) were compared between bidimensional and unidimensional irRC. Interobserver variability for bidimensional and unidimensional measurements was assessed in 25 randomly selected patients.The percent changes at follow-up scans were highly concordant between the 2 criteria (Spearman r: 0.953-0.965, first to fourth follow-up). The best immune-related response was highly concordant between the 2 criteria (κw = 0.881). TTP was similar between the bidimensional and unidimensional assessments (progression-free at 6 months: 70% vs. 81%, respectively). The unidimensional measurements were more reproducible than bidimensional measurements, with the 95% limits of agreement of (-16.1%, 5.8%) versus (-31.3%, 19.7%), respectively.irRC using the unidimensional measurements provided highly concordant response assessment compared with the bidimensional irRC, with less measurement variability. The use of unidimensional irRC is proposed to assess response to immunotherapy in solid tumors, given its simplicity, higher reproducibility, and high concordance with the bidimensional irRC.
Hepatocellular adenomas associated with anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in bodybuilders: a report of two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: L Socas, M Zumbado, O Pérez-Luzardo, A Ramos, C Pérez, J R Hernández, L D Boada
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used illicitly at high doses by bodybuilders. The misuse of these drugs is associated with serious adverse effects to the liver, including cellular adenomas and adenocarcinomas. We report two very different cases of adult male bodybuilders who developed hepatocellular adenomas following AAS abuse. The first patient was asymptomatic but had two large liver lesions which were detected by ultrasound studies after routine medical examination. The second patient was admitted to our hospital with acute renal failure and ultrasound (US) studies showed mild hepatomegaly with several very close hyperecogenic nodules in liver, concordant with adenomas at first diagnosis. In both cases the patients have evolved favourably and the tumours have shown a tendency to regress after the withdrawal of AAS. The cases presented here are rare but may well be suggestive of the natural course of AAS induced hepatocellular adenomas. In conclusion, sportsmen taking AAS should be considered as a group at risk of developing hepatic sex hormone related tumours. Consequently, they should be carefully and periodically monitored with US studies. In any case, despite the size of the tumours detected in these two cases, the possibility of spontaneous tumour regression must also be taken in account.