tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced mast cell activation in mice deficient in the A2b adenosine receptor
Authors: Xiaoyang Hua, Martina Kovarova, Kelly D. Chason, MyTrang Nguyen, Beverly H. Koller, Stephen L. Tilley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Antigen-mediated cross-linking of IgE bound to mast cells via the high affinity receptor for IgE triggers a signaling cascade that results in the release of intracellular calcium stores, followed by an influx of extracellular calcium. The collective increase in intracellular calcium is critical to the release of the granular contents of the mast cell, which include the mediators of acute anaphylaxis. We show that the sensitivity of the mast cell to antigen-mediated degranulation through this pathway can be dramatically influenced by the A2b adenosine receptor. Loss of this Gs-coupled receptor on mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells results in decreased basal levels of cyclic AMP and an excessive influx of extracellular calcium through store-operated calcium channels following antigen activation. Mice lacking the A2b receptor display increased sensitivity to IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Collectively, these findings show that the A2b adenosine receptor functions as a critical regulator of signaling pathways within the mast cell, which act in concert to limit the magnitude of mast cell responsiveness when antigen is encountered.
Linear IgA disease and ulcerative colitis
Authors: D.G. PAIGE, J.N. LEONARD, F. WOJNAROWSKA, L. FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Seventy adult patients with linear IgA disease were studied. Five (7.1%) also suffered from ulcerative colitis (the prevalence of ulcerative colitis in the U.K. is 0.05%). A further three patients with this association, from other British centres were also reviewed. In all cases, ulcerative colitis preceded the onset of skin disease, by a median of 6.5 years. The reason for this association remains unclear but the abnormalities in colonic mucosal B cells and mucosal IgA1 production reported in patients with ulcerative colitis may be important in the subsequent development of IgA1 mediated linear IgA disease.
Surface properties of Entamoeba: increased rates of human erythrocyte phagocytosis in pathogenic strains.
Authors: D Trissl, A Martínez-Palomo, M de la Torre, R de la Hoz, E Pérez de Suárez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The assertion that ingestion of human erythrocytes is restricted to invasive strains of Entamoeba histolytica has not been evaluated previously by comparative studies. In this report we describe the in vitro ingestion of human erythrocytes by pathogenic and nonpathogenic Entamoeba. Microscopic evaluation of erythrophagocytosis by eight different Entamoeba grown in culture revealed that strains of E. histolytica isolated from cases of human dysentery show a much higher rate of erythrocyte ingestion than nonpathogenic strains. However, all strains are able to phagocytize erythrocytes. The extremely high rate of phagocytic activity shown by pathogenic E. histolytica could be one of the properties related to the pathogenicity of this parasitic protozoan.
Trends in Use of Adjuvant Multi-Agent Chemotherapy and Tamoxifen for Breast Cancer in the United States: 1975-1999
Authors: A. Mariotto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: Understanding trends in the dissemination of findings from clinical research can help in estimating their population-level benefits. We evaluated trends in the use of adjuvant multi-agent chemotherapy, tamoxifen, and the combination of both treatments for early-stage breast cancer in the United States from 1975 through 1999. Methods: Data on treatment of 217 508 patients diagnosed from 1975 through 1999 with stages I, II, and IIIA breast cancer were obtained from eight registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Models of dissemination were developed from these data after adjustment based on information from a series of population-based Patterns of Care (POC) studies that randomly selected case patients from the SEER registries. The POC studies included 7116 patients diagnosed from 1987 through 1991 and in 1995 who were eliminated from the SEER data used in this analysis. Results: The modeled disseminations were generally compatible with the POC-observed proportions of each treatment. The use of multi-agent chemotherapy was higher among premenopausal women, and the use of tamoxifen was higher among postmenopausal women. The use of multi-agent chemotherapy for postmenopausal women diagnosed with lymph node-positive stage II+ or stage IIIA cancer reached a peak in 1983 and then decreased through 1986, indicating its substitution with tamoxifen. After 1986, the combined use of multi-agent chemotherapy and tamoxifen increased for almost all stages and ages. After the early 1990s, tamoxifen use in postmenopausal women with stage II+ or stage III breast cancer declined. Conclusions: The observed dissemination patterns suggest that the results of clinical trials are disseminated fairly rapidly to community-based physicians and their patients.
Promising Survival for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme Treated With Concomitant Radiation Plus Temozolomide Followed by Adjuvant Temozolomide
Authors: Roger Stupp, Pierre-Yves Dietrich, Sandrine Ostermann Kraljevic, Alessia Pica, Ivan Maillard, Phillipe Maeder, Reto Meuli, Robert Janzer, Gianpaolo Pizzolato, Raymond Miralbell, François Porchet, Luca Regli, Nicolas de Tribolet, René O. Mirimanoff, Serge Leyvraz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Temozolomide is a novel oral alkylating agent with demonstrated efficacy as second-line therapy for patients with recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This phase II study was performed to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of concomitant radiation plus temozolomide therapy followed by adjuvant temozolomide therapy in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients were enrolled onto this open-label, phase II trial. Temozolomide (75 mg/m 2 /d × 7 d/wk for 6 weeks) was administered orally concomitant with fractionated radiotherapy (60 Gy total dose: 2 Gy × 5 d/wk for 6 weeks) followed by temozolomide monotherapy (200 mg/m 2 /d × 5 days, every 28 days for six cycles). The primary end points were safety and tolerability, and the secondary end point was overall survival. RESULTS: Concomitant radiation plus temozolomide therapy was safe and well tolerated. Nonhematologic toxicities were rare and mild to moderate in severity. During the concomitant treatment phase, grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or both were observed in 6% of patients, including two severe infections with Pneumocystis carinii. During adjuvant temozolomide, 2% and 6% of cycles were associated with grade 3 and 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, respectively. Median survival was 16 months, and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 58% and 31%, respectively. Patients younger than 50 years old and patients who underwent debulking surgery had the best survival outcome. CONCLUSION: Continuous daily temozolomide and concomitant radiation is safe. This regimen of concomitant chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy may prolong the survival of patients with glioblastoma. Further investigation is warranted, and a randomized trial is ongoing.
Denufosol Tetrasodium in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Normal to Mildly Impaired Lung Function
Authors: Frank J Accurso, Richard B Moss, Robert W Wilmott, Ran D Anbar, Amy E Schaberg, Todd A Durham, Bonnie W Ramsey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Intervention for cystic fibrosis lung disease early in its course has the potential to delay or prevent progressive changes that lead to irreversible airflow obstruction. Denufosol is a novel ion channel regulator designed to correct the ion transport defect and increase the overall mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis lung disease by increasing chloride secretion, inhibiting sodium absorption, and increasing ciliary beat frequency in the airway epithelium independently of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genotype.To evaluate the efficacy and safety of denufosol in patients with cystic fibrosis who had normal to mildly impaired lung function characteristic of early cystic fibrosis.A total of 352 patients greater than or equal to 5 years old with cystic fibrosis who had FEV(1) greater than or equal to 75% of predicted normal were randomized to receive inhaled denufosol, 60 mg, or placebo three times daily in a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial.Main outcome measures included change in FEV(1) from baseline to Week 24 endpoint and adverse events. Mean change from baseline to Week 24 endpoint in FEV(1) (primary efficacy endpoint) was 0.048 L for denufosol (n = 178) and 0.003 L for placebo (n = 174; P = 0.047). No significant differences between groups were observed for secondary endpoints including exacerbation rate and other measures of lung function. Denufosol was well tolerated with adverse event and growth profiles similar to placebo.Denufosol improved lung function relative to placebo in cystic fibrosis patients with normal to mildly impaired lung function. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00357279).
Phase I Study of Copper-Binding Agent ATN-224 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Sarah A. Lowndes, Avril Adams, Anthony Timms, Nita Fisher, Jon Smythe, Suzanne M. Watt, Simon Joel, Fernando Donate, Carolyn Hayward, Steven Reich, Mark Middleton, Andrew Mazar, Adrian L. Harris
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Copper chelation reduces the secretion of many angiogenic factors and reduces tumor growth and microvascular density in animal models. ATN-224 is a second-generation analogue of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. The aim of our phase I study was to reduce serum copper levels, as measured by ceruloplasmin, to 5 to 15 mg/dL (normal 16-60) in 14 to 21 days, to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of ATN-224 and to evaluate dose-limiting toxicities. Patients and Methods: Cohorts of patients were treated with escalating oral doses of ATN-224 until copper depletion followed by a titrated maintenance dose. Results: Eighteen patients received 78 cycles of ATN-224. Mean baseline ceruloplasmin was 39.6 mg/dL. The maximum administered dose was 330 mg/d where grade 3 fatigue was dose-limiting. At the maximum tolerated dose of 300 mg/d, the median time to achieve target ceruloplasmin was 21 days, and toxicities included grade 3 anemia, grade 3 neutropenia, fatigue, and sulfur eructation. ATN-224 treatment caused a significant reduction (&amp;gt;90%) in RBC superoxide dismutase 1 activity and circulating endothelial cells. Pharmacokinetic data indicate greater absorption of ATN-224 and more rapid ceruloplasmin reduction when administered with a proton pump inhibitor. Stable disease of &amp;gt;6 months was observed in 2 patients. Conclusions: Oral ATN-224 is a well-tolerated therapy and at a loading dose of 300 mg/d leads to a reduction of serum ceruloplasmin levels in 80% patients within 21 days. A loading dose of 300 mg/d for 2 weeks followed by a titrated maintenance dose will be the recommended starting dose for phase II study.
Sports Injury and Illness Epidemiology: Great Britain Olympic Team (TeamGB) surveillance during the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games
Authors: Debbie Palmer-Green, Niall Elliott
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Sports injury and illness surveillance is the first step in injury and illness prevention, and is important for the protection of both athlete health and performance in major competitions. Aim To identify the prevalence, severity nature and causes of athlete injuries and illnesses in the Great Britain Olympic Team (TeamGB) during the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games. Methods The observational prospective cohort study followed the Great Britain Injury/Illness Performance Project surveillance methodology and obtained information on injuries and illnesses that occurred during the Games between 30 January and 23 February 2014 in TeamGB athletes (n=56). Results Among the 56 TeamGB athletes, there were 27 injuries and 11 illnesses during the Olympic Games period. This equated to 39% sustaining at least one injury and 18% at least one illness, with an incidence of 48.2 injuries and 19.6 illnesses per 100 athletes, respectively. Of all injuries and illnesses, 9% and 7%, respectively, resulted in time loss. The risk of sustaining an injury was highest for freestyle skiing, skeleton and snowboarding; and lowest for curling, biathlon and Alpine skiing (with no reported injuries); with the lower limb being the most commonly injured location. Respiratory system illnesses were most frequently reported overall, and older female athletes were the ones most affected by illness. Conclusions The risk of injury was double the risk of illness for TeamGB athletes. Overall, the rate of time-loss issues was low. Methodological considerations are important when interpreting data, and prevention strategies should focus on those issues causing the greatest risk, in terms of prevalence and severity, to athlete health and performance.
Breast Cancer: Weighing the Evidence for a Promoting Role of Dietary Fat
Authors: E. L. Wynder, L. A. Cohen, J. E. Muscat, B. Winters, J. T. Dwyer, G. Blackburn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

It has been hypothesized that a high-fat diet promotes the development of postmenopausal breast cancer. This contention is supported by data showing high international correlations between fat intake and breast cancer rates, modest positive associations with a high-fat diet in case—control studies, and animal model studies that have consistently demonstrated that dietary fat influences mammary cancer development at several stages in the carcinogenic process. A number of plausible biologic mechanisms have been suggested that may explain such promotional effects. In contrast, dietary fat intake is unrelated to the risk of breast cancer in cohort studies. The conflicting findings from cohort studies have created uncertainty regarding nutritional recommendations and breast cancer prevention. After reviewing key scientific findings that are relevant to this issue, the following conclusion is drawn: In the absence of data from dietary intervention trials, the weight of available evidence suggests that the type and amount of fat in the diet is related to postmenopausal breast cancer and that the inability to detect associations within populations (cohort studies) is because of measurement error and the relative homogeneity of diets measured. It is expected that the results from intervention trials will clarify this issue.
Alterations in Pulmonary and Peripheral Vascular Resistance in Immersion Hypothermia
Authors: LESLIE A. KUHN, JOHN K. TURNER
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

The effects of immersion hypothermia on the systemic and pulmonary circulations were investigated in anesthetized, closed-chest, untreated dogs, cold-adapted dogs and in dogs receiving sympathomimetic and sympatholytic agents. Evidence is presented that both pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances are increased progressively during hypothermia, the former to a greater extent than the latter. It is felt that the primary causes for the increase in vascular resistance are progressive diminution in the cardiac output and the local effect of low blood temperature on the vasculature.
No benefit from adding GM-CSF to induction chemotherapy in transforming myelodysplastic syndromes: better outcome in patients with less proliferative disease
Authors: R Hast, E Hellström-Lindberg, L Ohm, M Björkholm, F Celsing, I-M Dahl, I Dybedal, G Gahrton, G Lindberg, R Lerner, O Linder, E Löfvenberg, H Nilsson-Ehle, C Paul, J Samuelsson, J-M Tangen, U Tidefelt, I Turesson, A Wahlin, J Wallvik, I Winquist, G Öberg, P Bernell
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Rehospitalizations among Patients in the Medicare Fee-for-Service Program
Authors: Stephen F. Jencks, Mark V. Williams, Eric A. Coleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Reducing rates of rehospitalization has attracted attention from policymakers as a way to improve quality of care and reduce costs. However, we have limited information on the frequency and patterns of rehospitalization in the United States to aid in planning the necessary changes.
Commercial Speech and Public Health: Request for Comment
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intravenous Substance Abuse and a Presacral Mass
Authors: Lawrence Nathan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Intravenous drug abuse in the United States is a pervasive societal problem with a significant risk of infectious complications. In a large series of drug abusers with medical problems, infections were implicated in 27% of the admissions.<sup>1</sup>We report an unusual infectious complication of parenteral drug use. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 35-year-old woman was admitted complaining of malaise, shortness of breath, fever, chills, abdominal discomfort, and leg and back pain for 1 month. Her surgical history was remarkable for abdominal hysterectomy for carcinoma in situ of the cervix. She also had incision and drainage of bilateral groin abscesses. Her social history was significant for daily intravenous cocaine use. Physical findings on admission included the following: temperature, 40.6°C; pulse rate, 140 beats per minute; respirations, 32/min; and blood pressure, 92/60 mm Hg. She had multiple needle tracks on her extremities. Results of funduscopic examination were
Hepatic Shunting of Eggs and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in <i>Bmpr2</i><sup><i>+/−</i></sup> Mice with Schistosomiasis
Authors: Alexi Crosby, Elaine Soon, Frances M. Jones, Mark R. Southwood, Leila Haghighat, Mark R. Toshner, Tim Raine, Ian Horan, Peiran Yang, Stephen Moore, Elisabet Ferrer, Penny Wright, Mark L. Ormiston, R. James White, Deborah A. Haight, David W. Dunne, Nicholas W. Morrell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Schistosomiasis is a major cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type-II receptor (BMPR-II) are the commonest genetic cause of PAH.
Subthreshold stimulation of Purkinje fibers interrupts ventricular tachycardia in intact hearts. Experimental study with voltage-sensitive dyes and imaging techniques.
Authors: G Salama, A Kanai, I R Efimov
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The effects of subthreshold stimulation (STS) delivered during right atrial pacing and ventricular tachycardia (VT) were investigated in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts. The hearts were stained with a voltage-sensitive dye (RH 421) to map the propagation of optical action potentials. Sustained VT was reliably induced by 5-second trains (cycle length [CL], 25 to 50 milliseconds; duration, 0.5 to 10 milliseconds; and voltage, 2x threshold voltage) of impulses (n = 12 hearts) or a single premature beat (n = 6). The location of extrastimuli was not critical to the induction of VT, but the diameter of the heart had to be &gt; or = 14.5 mm. During VT, heart rate increased from 200 to 600 beats per minute; action potential durations decreased from 112 to 175 milliseconds to 60 to 105 milliseconds, with no diastolic interval. Activation on the epicardium spread anisotropically, but VT decreased the "apparent" maximum conduction velocity (theta max) by 68% and altered the orientation of the major axis from beat to beat. Activation patterns and theta max measured during VT were similar to patterns recorded during direct pacing of the ventricle and indicated that Purkinje fibers no longer propelled ventricular excitation. STS (CL, 25 to 50 milliseconds; duration, 0.5 to 25 milliseconds; and voltage, 0.5x to 0.8x threshold; trains of 2.0 to 2.5 seconds) interrupted VT when applied to Purkinje fibers lining the endocardium (n = 6) but failed to interrupt VT when applied to the epicardium (n = 8). In atrial pacing, STS delivered to the endocardium increased theta max from 2.44 +/- 0.32 (mean +/- SEM) to 3.63 +/- 0.21 m/s in a local region surrounding the first activation sites (n = 4). Alternatively, VT could be terminated by reducing theta max (approximately 55%) with procainamide (10 mumol/L) (n = 6). STS terminates VT by synchronizing ventricular excitation most likely by increasing local conduction and/or improving the coupling between Purkinje and ventricular cells.
Multivariate analyses of prognostic factors associated with hematopoietic recovery in autograft patients with different sources of progenitor cells
Authors: S. Pavlovsky, G. Milone, I. Fernández, J. Martinez Rolón, Pablo M. Desmery, C. Corrado, F. Lastiri, B. Koziner, R. Bayo, C. Dengra, E. Bullorsky, Claudia M. Shanley, German R. Stemmelin, José Ceresetto, Oscar Rabinovich, Mónica Puppo, C. Canepa, Silvia Saba, A. Robinson, M.A. Sorrentino, H. Longoni, T. Luchetta, C. Dufour, Emilio Palazzo, J.J. Garcia, Adriana Berretta, L. Feldman, Vera Milovic, Gregorio Jaimovich, J. Milone, Victor Hugo Morales, Javier Bordone, Juan Napal, G. Kusminsky, Cecilia Foncuberta, I. Cerutti, Angel Gabriel, G. Saporito
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)
Detection of hereditary hemochromatosis and biochemical iron overload in primary care: A multicenter case finding study in Spain
Authors: Núria Freixenet, Maria Sierra Moreno‐Rosel, Maria Jesús Barceló, Antonia Serrano, Marina Payà, Lourdes Crespo, Maria José Pérez‐Lucena, Albert Altés, Montserrat Baiget, Jordi Félez
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

The 2009 American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting introduced novel strategies for the treatment of acute leukemia.Targeted inhibitors for both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represent the future of these malignancies.Inclusion of targeted treatment to combination chemotherapy may translate into improved cure rates.The most clinically relevant abstracts, all of which are published in the November 2009, 114 issue of Blood, are summarized below and are identified here by their abstract numbers.1.
Hu1D10 induces apoptosis concurrent with activation of the AKT survival pathway in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Andrew P. Mone, Peng Huang, Helene Pelicano, Carolyn M. Cheney, Jennifer M. Green, J. Yun Tso, Amy J. Johnson, Sara Jefferson, Thomas S. Lin, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2003)