tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting splanchnic haemodynamics in Crohn’s disease: a prospective controlled study using Doppler ultrasound
Authors: G Maconi, F Parente, S Bollani, V Imbesi, S Ardizzone, A Russo, G Bianchi Porro
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Current knowledge on splanchnic haemodynamics in Crohn’s disease is limited. Aims —To investigate which features of Crohn’s disease affect splanchnic haemodynamics, and to establish whether portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood supply reflects clinical or biochemical activity of Crohn’s disease. Methods —Seventy nine patients with Crohn’s disease and 40 controls were evaluated by Doppler ultrasound (US). The mean velocity of PV and SMA flow, the volume of blood flow of the PV and SMA, and the resistance index of SMA were studied. A series of clinical, biochemical, and US variables including Crohn’s disease activity index, serum C reactive protein concentrations, disease duration and its anatomical location, smoking habits, abdominal complications, and current medical therapy, as well as the maximum bowel wall thickness as measured by US, were determined. The relation between PV and SMA blood flow and these variables was assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results —Patients with Crohn’s disease had significantly higher PV and SMA flow and a lower SMA resistance index than controls. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified bowel wall thickness and location of the disease as the main predictive variables of both PV and SMA blood flow variation, accounting for 36% and 45% of their variability, respectively. No relation was found between splanchnic haemodynamics and disease activity. Conclusion —A hyperdynamic mesenteric circulation does exist in Crohn’s disease; however splanchnic blood flow does not reflect the clinical or biochemical activity of the disease, but seems to be linked more to other Crohn’s disease characteristics, such as maximum bowel thickness and anatomical location.
Preliminary results of interferon-α therapy on woodchuck hepatitis virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis: possible benefit in female transgenic mice
Authors: Philippe Merle, Michèle Chevallier, Rafael Levy, Mireille Maisonnas, Olivier Terradillos, Si Nafa Si Ahmed, Christian Trépo, Marie Annick Buendia, Ludmila Vitvitski-Trépo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Dietary-induced alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism during overnutrition.
Authors: E Danforth, E S Horton, M O'Connell, E A Sims, A G Burger, S H Ingbar, L Braverman, A G Vagenakis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Diet-induced alterations in thyroid hormone concentrations have been found in studies of long-term (7 mo) overfeeding in man (the Vermont Study). In these studies of weight gain in normal weight volunteers, increased calories were required to maintain weight after gain over and above that predicted from their increased size. This was associated with increased concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3). No change in the caloric requirement to maintain weight or concentrations of T3 was found after long-term (3 mo) fat overfeeding. In studies of short-term overfeeding (3 wk) the serum concentrations of T3 and its metabolic clearance were increased, resulting in a marked increase in the production rate of T3 irrespective of the composition of the diet overfed (carbohydrate 29.6 +/- 2.1 to 54.0 +/- 3.3, fat 28.2 +/- 3.7 to 49.1 +/- 3.4, and protein 31.2 +/- 2.1 to 53.2 +/- 3.7 microgram/d per 70 kg). Thyroxine production was unaltered by overfeeding (93.7 +/- 6.5 vs. 89.2 +/- 4.9 microgram/d per 70 kg). It is still speculative whether these dietary-induced alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism are responsible for the simultaneously increased expenditure of energy in these subjects and therefore might represent an important physiological adaptation in times of caloric affluence. During the weight-maintenance phases of the long-term overfeeding studies, concentrations of T3 were increased when carbohydrate was isocalorically substituted for fat in the diet. In short-term studies the peripheral concentrations of T3 and reverse T3 found during fasting were mimicked in direction, if not in degree, with equal or hypocaloric diets restricted in carbohydrate were fed. It is apparent from these studies that the caloric content as well as the composition of the diet, specifically, the carbohydrate content, can be important factors in regulating the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones.
Medical Implications of Shift-Work
Authors: Martin C. Moore-Ede, Gary S. Richardson
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1985)

The circadian pacemakers, which time the approximately 24-hour rhythms in sleep and wakefulness, neuroendocrine, thermoregulatory, and other body functions, resynchronize only slowly after an abrupt phase shift in environmental time cues. While the symptoms of jet-lag are transient, the kinds of repeated shifts over a number of years experienced by shift-workers on rotating schedules induce sleep-wake disorders, gastrointestinal pathology, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. There is significant interindividual variation in the ability to adapt and also a deterioration with age. Evidence is accumulating that poor adapters present with a Shift Maladaption Syndrome with characteristic pathological manifestations.
Association of British Cycling Doctors
Authors: T. J. Stahl
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

There are at least three reasons for joining an Association of Sport and Medicine.1 The opportunity sport gives to people to practice medicineIn this group are those whose main interest is in the treatment of sports injuries.2 The possibility of applying medical knowledge to the benefit of sport For these people the challenge and interest is to use anatomy, physiology, biochemistry etc. to develop and improve training methods so that ultimately performance can be improved.Unfortunately the use of anabolic steroids developed from this interest.
Outcomes for Children and Adolescents With Cancer: Challenges for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Malcolm A. Smith, Nita L. Seibel, Sean F. Altekruse, Lynn A.G. Ries, Danielle L. Melbert, Maura O'Leary, Franklin O. Smith, Gregory H. Reaman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

This report provides an overview of current childhood cancer statistics to facilitate analysis of the impact of past research discoveries on outcome and provide essential information for prioritizing future research directions.Incidence and survival data for childhood cancers came from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 (SEER 9) registries, and mortality data were based on deaths in the United States that were reported by states to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by underlying cause.Childhood cancer incidence rates increased significantly from 1975 through 2006, with increasing rates for acute lymphoblastic leukemia being most notable. Childhood cancer mortality rates declined by more than 50% between 1975 and 2006. For leukemias and lymphomas, significantly decreasing mortality rates were observed throughout the 32-year period, though the rate of decline slowed somewhat after 1998. For remaining childhood cancers, significantly decreasing mortality rates were observed from 1975 to 1996, with stable rates from 1996 through 2006. Increased survival rates were observed for all categories of childhood cancers studied, with the extent and temporal pace of the increases varying by diagnosis.When 1975 age-specific death rates for children are used as a baseline, approximately 38,000 childhood malignant cancer deaths were averted in the United States from 1975 through 2006 as a result of more effective treatments identified and applied during this period. Continued success in reducing childhood cancer mortality will require new treatment paradigms building on an increased understanding of the molecular processes that promote growth and survival of specific childhood cancers.
Efficacy of a single ultrasound-guided injection for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis
Authors: I. Atchia, D. Kane, M. R. Reed, J. D. Isaacs, F. Birrell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Intra-articular injection is effective for osteoarthritis, but the best single injection strategy is not known, nor are there established predictors of response. The objectives of this study were to assess and predict response to a single ultrasound-guided injection in moderate to severe hip osteoarthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> 77 hip osteoarthritis patients entered a prospective, randomised controlled trial, randomised to one of four groups: standard care (no injection); normal saline; non-animal stabilised hyaluronic acid (durolane) or methylprednisolone acetate (depomedrone). <h3>Main</h3> Outcome Measures Numerical rating scale (NRS 0–10) 'worst pain', Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain/function. Potential predictors of response (including radiographic severity, ultrasound synovitis and baseline symptom severity) were examined using univariate logistic regression analysis and Fisher9s exact test. <h3>Results</h3> NRS pain, WOMAC pain and function improved significantly for the steroid arm alone. Effect sizes at week 1 were striking: NRS pain 1.5, WOMAC pain 1.9 and WOMAC function 1.3. Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials—Osteoarthritis Research Society responder criteria identified 22 responders (intention-to-treat): steroid 14 (74%; number needed to treat, two); saline, four (21%); durolane, two (11%); and no injection, two (10%; χ<sup>2</sup> test between groups, p&lt;0.001). Corticosteroid arm response was maintained over 8 weeks (summary measures analysis of variance, p&lt;0.002 for NRS pain). Synovitis was a significant predictor of response at weeks 4 and 8 (p&lt;0.05, Fisher9s exact test; week 4 OR 16.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 204). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections are highly efficacious; furthermore synovitis on ultrasound is a biomarker of response to injection.
Effects of mixed hematopoietic chimerism in a mouse model of bone marrow transplantation for sickle cell anemia
Authors: Robert Iannone, Leo Luznik, Laura W. Engstrom, Sherrie L. Tennessee, Frederic B. Askin, James F. Casella, Thomas S. Kickler, Steven N. Goodman, Anita L. Hawkins, Constance A. Griffin, Lori Noffsinger, Ephraim J. Fuchs
Journal: Blood (2001)
Tetanus Mimicking Psychophysiologic Reaction
Authors: C. Richard Treadway
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE FOLLOWING CASE is presented for three reasons. First, the wound of dental extraction is a relatively rare and usually unconsidered portal of entry for the tetanus organism. Graves in 1930 reported three cases of tetanus after dental extraction.<sup>1</sup>Three years later Appleton was able to find only three additional cases reported in the literature and attributed the infection to inadequate sterilization of dental instruments.<sup>2</sup>Griswold and Herring in 1949 described a patient with tetanus following dental extraction who was initially thought to be hysterical.<sup>3</sup>Shershin and Katz in 1964 reported an additional case and gave references to two other case reports in the world literature.<sup>4</sup> Second, the symptoms of the patient's tetanus infection accurately mimicked in exaggerated form symptoms which had long been present on presumably a psychophysiologic basis. Thus, diagnosis of tetanus was delayed. Third, as part of a survey project the patient's ankle
Reentry: II. "Making It" Back in the States
Authors: JONATHAN F. BORUS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The author defines the differential characteristics, adjustment stresses, and coping methods of three groups of successful and unsuccessful Viet Nam veterans attempting to "make it" back in the States. His findings suggest the need for preventive intervention programs to facilitate the successful readjustment of these veterans. Such programs should focus on decreasing unnecessary stresses in the readjustment process, better preparing returnees for adjustment issues, and increasing the variety of coping methods available to them.
Bone Marrow Minimal Residual Disease Was an Early Response Marker and a Consistent Independent Predictor of Survival After Anti-GD2 Immunotherapy
Authors: Nai-Kong V. Cheung, Irina Ostrovnaya, Deborah Kuk, Irene Y. Cheung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Immunotherapy is a standard of care for children with high-risk neuroblastoma, where bone marrow (BM) is the predominant metastatic site. Early response markers of minimal residual disease (MRD) in the BM that are also predictive of survival could help individualize patient therapies.After achieving first remission (n = 163), primary refractory disease (n = 102), or second remission (n = 95), children with stage 4 neuroblastoma received anti-GD2 3F8 antibody immunotherapy. BM MRD before 3F8 treatment and after cycle 2 (postMRD) was measured using a four-marker panel (B4GALNT1, PHOX2B, CCND1, and ISL1) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic variables were tested in both univariable and multivariable analyses, and MRD markers were further assessed individually and in combination as binary composite (postMRD: 0 and 1) and as equal sum (postMRDSum: 0 to 4) using the Cox regression models, and their predictive accuracy was determined by the concordance index.When BM was evaluated after cycle 2, individual markers were highly predictive of PFS and OS. The prediction accuracy improved when they were combined in postMRDSum. A multivariable model taking into account all the variables significant in the univariable analyses identified postMRDSum to be independently predictive of PFS and OS. When the model for OS also included missing killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand, human antimouse antibody response, and the enrollment disease status, the concordance index was 0.704.BM MRD after two cycles of immunotherapy was confirmed as an early response marker and a consistent independent predictor of survival.
Lymphoid abnormalities in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. I. Mitogen responsiveness and lymphokine synthesis.
Authors: S C Gilman, J F Daniels, R E Wilson, R P Carlson, A J Lewis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Lewis rats injected in the hind paw with Mycobacterium butyricum develop a severe polyarthritis which shares certain features in common with rheumatoid arthritis in man. Spleen and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rats with this form of arthritic disease proliferate poorly in vitro in response to concanavalin A (con A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The splenic hyporesponsiveness appears within four days of M. butyricum injection (three to five days prior to the development of detectable arthritis), reaches a peak 16-22 days following injection, and persists for at least 40 days. Buffalo strain rats injected with M. butyricum do not develop arthritis, and their spleen cells respond normally to con A, PHA, and PWM. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) the synthesis of interleukin 1 (IL-1) by spleen or peritoneal macrophages from arthritic Lewis rats equalled or exceeded that of macrophages from normal rats. In contrast splenic T cells from arthritic rats produced reduced amounts of interleukin 2 (IL-2; T cell growth factor) in response to stimulation with PHA or con A. Moreover, con-A-activated spleen cells from arthritic rats failed to bind IL-2 and to respond to this growth factor with increased 3H-TdR uptake as did normal spleen cells. In-vitro treatment of 'arthritic' cells with 10(-5) M indomethacin did not restore to normal their reduced mitogen responsiveness, and spleen cells from normal and arthritic rats were equally sensitive to the inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E2 on con-A-induced proliferative responses. These results indicate that peripheral lymphoid function is compromised in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis and that this functional deficit is mediated by aberrant synthesis of and response to IL-2 by T cells of arthritic animals.
Clusterin Inhibition Using OGX-011 Synergistically Enhances Hsp90 Inhibitor Activity by Suppressing the Heat Shock Response in Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Francois Lamoureux, Christian Thomas, Min-Jean Yin, Hidetoshi Kuruma, Eliana Beraldi, Ladan Fazli, Amina Zoubeidi, Martin E. Gleave
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Small-molecule inhibitors of Hsp90 show promise in the treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); however, these inhibitors trigger a heat shock response that attenuates drug effectiveness. Attenuation is associated with increased expression of Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp27, and clusterin (CLU) that mediate tumor cell survival and treatment resistance. We hypothesized that preventing CLU induction in this response would enhance Hsp90 inhibitor–induced CRPC cell death in vitro and in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we treated CRPC with the Hsp90 inhibitor PF-04929113 or 17-AAG in the absence or presence of OGX-011, an antisense drug that targets CLU. Treatment with either Hsp90 inhibitor alone increased nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of the heat shock factor HSF-1, which stimulated dose- and time-dependent increases in HSP expression, especially CLU expression. Treatment-induced increases in CLU were blocked by OGX-011, which synergistically enhanced the activity of Hsp90 inhibition on CRPC cell growth and apoptosis. Accompanying these effects was a decrease in HSF-1 transcriptional activity as well as expression of HSPs, Akt, prostate-specific antigen, and androgen receptor. In vivo evaluation of the Hsp90 inhibitors with OGX-011 in xenograft models of human CRPC showed that OGX-011 markedly potentiated antitumor efficacy, leading to an 80% inhibition of tumor growth with prolonged survival compared with Hsp90 inhibitor monotherapy. Together, our findings indicate that Hsp90 inhibitor–induced activation of the heat shock response and CLU is attenuated by OGX-011, with synergistic effects on delaying CRPC progression. Cancer Res; 71(17); 5838–49. ©2011 AACR.
Strain-Specific Susceptibility for Pulmonary Metastasis of Sarcoma 180 Cells in Inbred Mice
Authors: Haris G. Vikis, Erin N. Jackson, Alexander S. Krupnick, Andrew Franklin, Andrew E. Gelman, Qiong Chen, David Piwnica-Worms, Ming You
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis. To extend our understanding of the factors that influence the process, we aimed to develop a mouse model of pulmonary metastasis that can be assayed in multiple inbred mouse strains for further use in identification of host genetic variants that influence metastasis. We used i.v. injection of Sarcoma 180 (S180) cells, which can be tracked and quantified by bioluminescence imaging. We observed growth of S180 cells solely in the lung and observed a wide range of pulmonary metastasis among inbred mouse strains. Interestingly, we noted that the BTBRT+tf/J strain exhibited complete clearance and provide evidence that the mechanism of resistance may involve immune factors, as strains subjected to whole-body irradiation are significantly more susceptible to tumor growth. One possible mechanism of resistance to pulmonary metastasis in BTBRT+tf/J mice may require T-cell function. Our experiments present a new mouse model for further characterization of the genetics and mechanisms of pulmonary metastasis.
Better Glycemic Control Is Associated With Maintenance of Lower-Extremity Function Over Time in Mexican American and European American Older Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Chen-Pin Wang, Helen P. Hazuda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Diabetes is a major cause of functional decline among older adults, but the role of glycemic control remains unclear. This article assesses whether better glycemic control is associated with better maintenance of lower-extremity function over time in older adults with diabetes.Participants (n = 119) in the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging, ages 71-85, who met American Diabetes Association diabetes criteria were followed over a 36-month period. Seven measures of A1C (HbA(1c)) were obtained at 6-month intervals; three measures of lower-extremity function were obtained at 18-month intervals using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). A two-step analytic approach was used, first, to identify distinct glycemic control classes using latent growth mixture modeling and, second, to examine trajectories of lower-extremity function based on these classes using path analysis.Two glycemic control classes were identified: a poorer control class with higher means (all >7%) and higher within-subject variability in HbA(1c) and a better control class with lower means (all <7%) and lower within-subject variability. The short-term and long-term maintenance of lower-extremity function, assessed by the association between the first and second SPPB measures and the first and third SPPB measures, were both greater in the better control class than in the poorer control class.Among older adults with diabetes, better glycemic control may improve both short-term and long-term maintenance of lower-extremity function.
Prognostic Indicators for AIDS and Infectious Disease Death in HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users
Authors: David Vlahov, Neil Graham, Donald Hoover, Colin Flynn, John G. Bartlett, Joseph B. Margolick, Cynthia M. Lyles, Kenrad E. Nelson, Dawn Smith, Scott Holmberg, Homayoon Farzadegan
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load and CD4+ cell count are used to predict prognosis of persons infected with HIV. However, whether combining these markers improves prognostic accuracy and whether they predict prognosis for injection drug users (IDUs) and nonwhite persons infected with HIV has not been extensively investigated.Objective.—To evaluate plasma viral load and CD4+ cell count as prognostic indicators for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and infectious disease deaths.Design.—Cohort study initiated in 1988 and 1989 with follow-up for up to 7.9 years.Participants.—Injection drug users infected with HIV recruited from the community in Baltimore, Md.Main Outcome Measures.—Plasma HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ cell count measured at baseline compared with time to first clinical AIDS diagnosis and death due to an infectious disease.Results.—Of 522 subjects, 96% were African American, 80% were male, 96% injected drugs within the past 6 months, and the median age was 33 years. A total of 146 cases of AIDS and 119 infectious disease deaths were seen during a median follow-up period of 6.4 years. Time-fixed baseline levels of viral load and CD4+ cell count were independent predictors of progression to AIDS and infectious disease deaths, but in proportional hazards models, viral load had better predictive value than CD4+ cell count. Kaplan-Meier analysis of time to AIDS and to infectious disease deaths by viral load (<500, 500-9999, 10000-29999, ≥30000 copies/mL) at 3 levels of CD4+ cell count (<0.20, 0.20-0.49, and ≥0.50×109/L [<200, 200-499, and ≥500/µL]) was reduced to a 5-stage classification scheme using a backward stepwise regression procedure. The 5-year cumulative probabilities for AIDS and infectious disease deaths ranged from 0% and 0%, respectively, for group I (viral load, <500 copies/mL; CD4+ cell count, 0.50×109/L) to 81.2% and 76.1% respectively, for group V (viral load, ≥10000 copies/mL; CD4+ cell count, 0.20×109/L).Conclusions.—In this study, plasma HIV-1 viral load independently and in combination with CD4+ cell count measurements provided powerful prognostic information for progression to AIDS and death caused by infectious disease in a population of predominantly African American IDUs. Combining categories of both markers provided a simple method for prognostically staging HIV disease.