tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase III, randomized study of docetaxel (T) + capecitabine (X) (TX) followed by cyclophosphamide (C) + epirubicin (E) + X (CEX) vs. T followed by C + E + fluorouracil (F) (CEF) as adjuvant treatment for patients (pts) with early breast cancer (BC): An interim safety analysis
Authors: H. Joensuu, A. Hemminki, M. Tanner, O. Paija, R. Kokko, R. Asola, K. Johansson, P. Bono, I. Elomaa, P. Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

719 Background: Adding X to T extends TTP and survival compared with T in pts with metastatic BC. We compared the efficacy/safety of TX followed by CEX vs. T followed by CEF as adjuvant therapy for early BC, and present the findings from a planned interim safety analysis. Patients and methods: Between Jan and Nov 2004, 327 of a planned population of 1500 pts were randomized to receive TX x3→ CEX x3 (T 60 mg/m2 d1 + X 900 mg/m2 bid d1–15→ C 600 mg/m2 d1, E 75 mg/m2 d1, X 900 mg/m2 bid d1–15, q3 wks) or T x3→ CEF x3 (T 80 mg/m2 d1→ C 600 mg/m2 d1, E 75 mg/m2 d1, F 600 mg/m2 d1). Leukocyte growth factors were not routinely administered. Pts had WHO performance status 0/1, pN+ BC or pN0 BC with tumor >2 cm and PgR-. The first 80 pts entered were included in the analysis (TX→ CEX, n=37; T→ CEF, n=43; 456 cycles). Results: 6 (8%) pts were withdrawn (T, n=1, peritonitis; XT, n=2, G3 diarrhea and neutropenic infection, nausea; CE75F, n=1, fatal pulmonary embolism; CE75X, n=2, G3 diarrhea). The most frequent G3/4 toxicity was neutropenic fever and infection (T80), non-neutropenic infection (T80), diarrhea (T60X), myalgia (T80), and fatigue (T80). Only 3 pts had G4 toxicity. G3 or 4 adverse events (CTCAE) by cycle are shown in Table. Conclusions: The safety of T60X→ CE75X is favorable compared to T80→ CE75F. T60X is associated with less neutropenic fever than T80. CE75X is generally well tolerated. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis, Roche Aventis, Roche Aventis, Lilly Oncology, Pierre Fabre, Roche
Palonosetron versus ondansetron for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in paediatric patients with cancer receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a randomised, phase 3, double-blind, double-dummy, non-inferiority study
Authors: Gábor Kovács, Antonio E Wachtel, Elena V Basharova, Tulla Spinelli, Pierre Nicolas, Edita Kabickova
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2016)
Deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) with electromagnetic surface transponder confirmation of chest wall (CW) position during radiation for left breast cancer.
Authors: Madeera Kathpal, Kelly Sun, Cynthia Malmer, Stephanie Ninneman, Stacie Wendt, Grant Hughs, Dusten Macdonald, Brent Tinnel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

126 Background: DIBH during radiation of left breast cancers reduces heart dose, potentially reducing late cardiac ischemic events, but requires a treatment CW position significantly different from a free-breathing (FB) position. We sought to improve the accuracy of radiation therapy during DIBH by using electromagnetic surface transponders to track the position of the CW during treatment. We examined the benefit of this technique in reducing dose to the heart and consistently reproducing the DIBH position. We also evaluated the difference between FB and DIBH CW position and compared CW movement within the plateau of each DIBH to within beam-on time. Methods: 15 patients participated in this IRB-approved study. Patients were planned and treated using DIBH. We fused treatment-position FB CT scans to DIBH scans to compare mean heart (MH) and left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) dose. We used surface transponder tracking reports to determine CW motion at the time of daily port films, during FB, the plateau of each DIBH, and beam-on time. We summed anterior and superior motion using the Pythagorean Theorem and report our results in this combined axis. Paired t-test was used to compare heart dose with vs. without DIBH and CW motion during plateau DIBH vs. beam-on. Results: DIBH significantly reduced MH and LAD dose vs. FB plans (MH 1.26 ± 0.51 Gy v 2.84 ± 1.55 Gy, p &lt; 0.01), (LAD 5.49 ± 4.02 Gy v 18.15 ± 8.78 Gy, p &lt; 0.01). DIBH CW position was a mean of 13.9 ± 5.3 mm anterior and superior to FB position. The mean difference in CW position at the time of daily port film vs. beam-on was -1.0 ± 2.5 mm. Plateau DIBH CW motion was 2.8 ± 2.3 mm, significantly increased from CW motion during beam-on (1.1 ± 1.2 mm, p &lt; 0.01). Treatment was paused in 23% of fractions to adjust for suboptimal breath hold or CW position. Conclusions: DIBH reduced the MH and LAD dose by at least 50%. Real-time tracking with electromagnetic transponders allowed us to limit treatment to the most stable portion of the DIBH plateau, significantly reducing intra-fraction motion. Electromagnetic confirmation of CW position allowed verification of breath-hold reproducibility.
Modulation of the Apoptotic Response of Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells to a Diphtheria Toxin Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Fusion Protein
Authors: Arthur E. Frankel, Philip D. Hall, Chris Burbage, Joseph Vesely, Mark Willingham, Kapil Bhalla, Robert J. Kreitman
Journal: Blood (1997)
Abstract 460: Novel compound elicits anti-tumor macrophages associated with tumor regression in breast cancer
Authors: Holly E. Ponichtera, Jennifer L. Guerriero, Alaba O. Sotayo, Anthony Letai
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Cancer immuno-therapies targeting components of the immune system have shown great promise for the treatment of various forms of cancer. Most of the immuno-therapies currently under trial intervene in adaptive immune cell pathways; however, the innate immune system has also recently been shown to play a potent immunomodulatory role in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) compose up to 50% of tumor volume. Presently, we demonstrate that administration of a novel compound stimulates rapid tumor regression that is associated with the infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages into tumors in the MMTV-PyMT murine model of breast cancer. A significant increase in tumor-infiltrating macrophages was visible by immunohistochemistry after five days of treatment and macrophages were necessary for tumor regression as demonstrated by cell depletion assays in vivo. Of note, macrophage infiltration correlated with an increase in tumor cell death as shown by elevated expression of the apoptotic protein cleaved-caspase-3 (CC3); conversely, cell proliferation factor Ki67 was decreased. Additionally, compound-treated animals exhibited striking changes in tumor vascularization, with a marked decrease in overall endothelial cell marker expression as displayed by immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel role for macrophages in breast tumor regression during treatment with a novel compound that alters the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Holly E. Ponichtera, Jennifer L. Guerriero, Alaba O. Sotayo, Anthony Letai. Novel compound elicits anti-tumor macrophages associated with tumor regression in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 460. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-460
Peter F Knight
Authors: Averil Mansfield
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Peter F Knight was born in Kensington. He went to Merchant Taylors’ School in Northwood (White House) from 1944 to 1949 and then to Westminster Medical School. While at school he developed his sporting interests, which were to continue for most of his life. At school he achieved victor ludorum three years in succession. At medical school he fitted in both rugby and sailing.

A general practitioner friend of his father’s who had a link to Sir Ivan Magill introduced him to the world of anaesthetics while he was still a medical student. By the time Peter qualified, he had already assisted with some 400 procedures requiring anaesthesia.

This huge experience would have stood him in good stead when, soon after qualification and starting his national service, he found himself in Malta and Benghazi, where he was the sole anaesthetist, learning to cope, as many had to do, with a book in one hand and the patient …
Dietary Fat, Adipose Tissue Composition, and the Development of Carcinoma of the Colon&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E M Berry, J Zimmerman, M Peser, M Ligumsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Dietary fat and plasma lipids have been implicated in the development of carcinoma of the colon. Because of the difficulties in obtaining accurate dietary histories, subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acids were analyzed to compare fat intake in 3 groups of patients undergoing colonoscopy: patients with carcinoma of the colon (n = 53; average age, 64 yr; 47% male), patients with neoplastic polyps (n = 34; age 63 yr; 71% male), and patients with normal findings (controls; n = 68; age 58 yr; 40% male). The groups were similar with regard to body mass index and coffee and egg consumption. One-way analysis of variance of the plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 9 adipose fatty acids, groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids (vegetable origin), saturated fatty acids (animal origin), or the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids did not show any significant differences across the 3 groups. The quality of dietary fat does not appear to be associated with the development of carcinoma of the colon or of neoplastic polyps in this population.
Role of serum biomarkers in the prediction of outcome in women with threatened miscarriage: a systematic review and diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis
Authors: Rekha N. Pillai, Justin C. Konje, Douglas G. Tincello, Neelam Potdar
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2015)

BACKGROUNDThreatened miscarriage affects one in five women and is associated with significant emotional distress. The uncertainty around the prognosis of threatened miscarriage makes it equally challenging to the healthcare professionals. Various biochemical markers have been investigated in the past to predict the outcome of threatened miscarriage; however, the results have been conflicting. Therefore, we have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of biochemical markers in predicting the outcome in women presenting with threatened miscarriage.
Neck dissection (without primary tumor resection) followed by concurrent chemoradiation for stage IV oropharynx carcinoma
Authors: M. Machtay, R. Axelrod, P. R. Anne, K. Sidhu, J. Lavarino, M. Rosen, W. Keane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5514 Background/Purpose: Many institutions treat local-regionally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with chemoradiotherapy followed by neck dissection (ND). We report on our experience with the converse treatment, i.e. ND followed by chemoradiotherapy. Materials/Methods: From June 2000 through December 2003, 23 patients with Stage IV (T1–4N2–3) oropharyngeal SCC underwent modified radical or selective ND at our institution. Oncologic surgery on the primary tumor site was not performed. Patients underwent CT-simulation as soon as possible after surgery and then received comprehensive concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Radiotherapy dose ranged from 65 to 74 Gy (depending upon T-stage); in most cases concurrent chemotherapy consisted of once-weekly paclitaxel (30 mg/m2) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) or carboplatin (AUC =1 to 1.5). Results: This program was feasible, with a median time interval from ND to start of chemoradiotherapy of 29 days. No patient suffered wound dehiscence or other serious complication after ND. No patient had progression of T-stage during this time window. T-stage distribution was: 4T1; 9T2; 8T3; 2T4; most patients (18 of 23) had base of tongue cancer while 5 patients had tonsil cancer. Median duration of chemoradiotherapy was 52 days. One patient had reversible Grade 4 toxicity (mucositis/dehydration) during treatment; 7 patients (30%) required hospitalization for complications of Grade 3 mucositis/dehydration. With a median followup of 18 months (range 7 to 46 months), 1 patient has suffered local-regional failure, for a 2-year actuarial local-regional control rate of 95%. Isolated neck failure did not occur in any patients. Distant metastases occurred in two patients and one patient died of cardiac cause. The 2-year event-free survival and overall survival rates are 85% and 91%. Conclusions: For oropharynx SCC, ND (without primary tumor resection) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy has excellent efficacy, comparable to upfront chemoradiotherapy with consolidation ND. Potential logistical and translational advantages of this approach will be discussed. Supported in part by a Grant from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effectiveness and low toxicity of hepatic artery infusion with fluorouracil and mitomycin for metastatic colorectal cancer confined to the liver
Authors: M Borner, U Laffer, C Ludwig, R Obrist, U Metzger, P Aeberhard, W Weber, M Castiglione, J P Obrecht, K Brunner
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1990)
Glandular Tumors of the Nasal Cavity Induced by Diethylnitrosamine in Syrian Golden Hamsters 2
Authors: F. Stenback
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

The morphologic pattern and biologic characteristics of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced glandular tumors of the nasal cavity in hamsters were studied. DEN induced papillary tumors of the surface epithelium, and acinar tumors of the submucous glands. Adenomas, and ultimately papillary adenocarcinomas with squamous metaplasia, were preceded by papillary hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium. Most of the acinar tumors in the cnterlor nasal cavity were weakly mucin-producing, in contrast to those in the posterior part with mucosa covered by olfactory epithelium, which were strongly mucin-producing. The tubular type, a subtype, was composed of cylindrical cells with little mucin production. These findings show that the DEN-induced tumors originating from the surface epithelium and the submucous gland in Syrian golden hamsters are in many respects similar to such tumors in man.
Pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil during hyperthermic pelvic isolation-perfusion.
Authors: A G Wile, E A Stemmer, P A Andrews, M P Murphy, I S Abramson, S B Howell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

The pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injected into a surgically isolated pelvic circuit during hyperthermic perfusion was studied in five patients with local recurrence of anorectal cancer. 5-FU doses ranged from 11 to 23 mg/kg. The geometric mean ratio of peak plasma 5-FU in the isolated to systemic circuits was 10, the ratio at the end of the 45-minute perfusion was 12.5. The mean half-life of 5-FU in the isolated circuit was 18.5 minutes. Total drug exposure for the isolated circuit was 7.8-fold greater than for the systemic compartment. These results demonstrate a large pharmacologic advantage for the use of the isolation-perfusion technique.
Phase I study of continuous MKC-1 (cMKC-1) in patients (pts) with advanced or metastatic solid malignancies using a modified time-to-event continual reassessment method (TITE-CRM) for dose assignment.
Authors: L. M. Lepeak, G. Wilding, J. C. Eickhoff, R. Chappell, C. Sidor, J. Arnott, R. Jeraj, S. Perlman, G. Liu, A. Tevaarwerk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e13001 Background: MKC-1 is an oral cell-cycle inhibitor amenable to a variety of dosing schedules. Previous clinical trials used intermittent dosing schedules with modest activity for doses of 225 mg/d averaged over 28 days. Preclinical data suggested continuous drug would be more efficacious. The primary objectives were the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and response rate (RR) of cMKC-1. Secondary objectives included characterizing the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and pharmacokinetics (PK). Methods: Pts with solid malignancies were eligible, if they had measurable disease, ECOG PS ≤1, and adequate organ function. Exclusions included brain metastases and inability to receive oral drug. MKC-1 was dosed twice-daily, continuously for 28 days. Other medications were eliminated if there were possible drug interactions. Doses were assigned using a TITE- CRM algorithm after the first 3 pts. Disease response was assessed every 8 weeks. Results: Between 5/08-9/09, 24 pts enrolled (15 M/9 F, median 58 yo). Pts 1-3 received 120 mg/d of MKC-1; Pts 4-24 were dosed per the TITE-CRM algorithm: 150 mg [1 pt], 180 [2], 200 [1], 230 [1], 260 [5], 290 [6], 320 [5]. The median weeks on drug was 8 (range 4-28). The only DLT occurred at 320 mg (grade 3 fatigue). Stable disease occurred at 150 mg/d (28 weeks; RCC) and 320 mg/d (16 weeks; breast, parotid). Escalation halted at 320 mg/d. Day 28 PKs indicated absorption and active metabolites. Conclusions: cMKC-1 was well-tolerated; RR was 0/24, clinical benefit occurred in 3/24 pts. Dose escalation stopped at 320 mg/d; this cumulative dose/cycle exceeds that reached with intermittent dosing. A TITE-CRM allowed for rapid dose escalation; late toxicities with continuous drug can be accounted for via a modified algorithm. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration EntreMed EntreMed
Knowledge and resilience
Authors: Joe Yen-fong Lau
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract Kalisch et al. regard a positive appraisal style as the mechanism for promoting resilience. I argue that knowledge can enhance resilience without affecting appraisal style. Furthermore, the relationship between positive appraisals and resilience ought to be mediated by knowledge and is not monotonic. Finally, I raise some questions about how appraisals fit into the dual-process model of the mind.
Prognostic factors in bladder cancer after primary M-VAC.
Authors: L Paz-Ares, J Paul, S Kaye
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.1.300 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7799035 Prognostic factors in bladder cancer after primary M-VAC. L Paz-AresxL Paz-AresSearch for articles by this author , J PaulxJ PaulSearch for articles by this author , S KayexS KayeSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.1.300 PDF "Prognostic factors in bladder cancer after primary M-VAC.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 13(1), pp. 300–302© 1995 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Brief Communication: Oncogenic Transformation of Murine Lymphoid Cells by In Vitro Infection With Abelson Leukemia Virus2
Authors: W. C. Raschke, P. Ralph, J. Watson, M. Sklar, Helen Coon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Spleen cell cultures stimulated to DNA synthesis by antigen or mitogen were infected with Abelson virus, a C-type RNA virus inducing nonthymic lymphomas in mice. After 3 days the cells were transferred to mice and caused 100 percent incidence of lymphomas in as few as 29 days. That a number of the tumors were of donor origin, as shown by female karyotypes in recipient male mice, indicated that cells infected by virus in vitro were transformed. The process depended upon both virus and stimulation of lymphocytes in culture. Lymphoid tumors did not develop in mice receiving cells from virus-infected cultures not exposed to antigen or mitogen.
Correlation between red cell distribution width and disease severity and mortality in COPD patients
Authors: Can Sevinc, Kemal Can Tertemiz, Aylin Ozgen Alpaydin, Hulya Ellidokuz, Cagdas Acara, Arif Hikmet Cimrin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

AIM: Erythrocyte morphology changes not only by primary hematological malignancies but also by systemic inflammation, ineffective eritropoesis, and nutritional deficiencies. This influence can be evaluated by “red blood cell (RBC) distribution width (RDW)”. We aimed to investigate the relationship of RDW with disease stage, BODE index and survival in COPD patients.

METHOD: Medical records of 385 COPD patients who were being followed–up from 2005 were studied retrospectively. Demographic features and BODE indices of patients that were classified according to GOLD 2009 were recorded. Survival analysis of all patients by 2014 was performed. Measured RDW values were evaluated.

RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 65.6±9.6. COPD stage of the patients were stage 1; 16%, stage 2; 52%, stage 3; 26%, stage 4; 56%. Median of BODE index was (0-3). As the BODE index increased RDW also increased (r=0.383 p=0.000). RDW was found significantly different between stages, the highest RDW was in the very severe stage (p=0.000). When the patients were grouped according to the laboratory upper limit of RDW, survival rate was 31% in the RDW>14.3 group and %75 in the RDW<14.3 group.

CONCLUSION: Erythrocyte morphology deteriorates as the severity of the diseases progresses. Therefore, RDW; a simple and noninvasive test might be used as preliminary biomarker in the evaluation of diseases severity. At the same time, the close correlation between survival and RDW can be meaningful for the prognosis prediction.
A Matter of Taste
Authors: Ian Wicks
Journal: JAMA (2017)

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