tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mobile Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Seung-Kwon Myung, Woong Ju, Diana D. McDonnell, Yeon Ji Lee, Gene Kazinets, Chih-Tao Cheng, Joel M. Moskowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Case-control studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between mobile phone use and tumor risk. We investigated these associations using a meta-analysis. Methods We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in August 2008. Two evaluators independently reviewed and selected articles based on predetermined selection criteria. Results Of 465 articles meeting our initial criteria, 23 case-control studies, which involved 37,916 participants (12,344 patient cases and 25,572 controls), were included in the final analyses. Compared with never or rarely having used a mobile phone, the odds ratio for overall use was 0.98 for malignant and benign tumors (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.07) in a random-effects meta-analysis of all 23 studies. However, a significant positive association (harmful effect) was observed in a random-effects meta-analysis of eight studies using blinding, whereas a significant negative association (protective effect) was observed in a fixed-effects meta-analysis of 15 studies not using blinding. Mobile phone use of 10 years or longer was associated with a risk of tumors in 13 studies reporting this association (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.34). Further, these findings were also observed in the subgroup analyses by methodologic quality of study. Blinding and methodologic quality of study were strongly associated with the research group. Conclusion The current study found that there is possible evidence linking mobile phone use to an increased risk of tumors from a meta-analysis of low-biased case-control studies. Prospective cohort studies providing a higher level of evidence are needed.
Lipid, Glycemic, and Insulin Responses to Meals Rich in Saturated,<i>cis-</i>Monounsaturated, and Polyunsaturated (n-3 and n-6) Fatty Acids in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Meena Shah, Beverley Adams-Huet, Linda Brinkley, Scott M. Grundy, Abhimanyu Garg
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The recommendations for dietary fats in patients with type 2 diabetes are based largely on the impact of fatty acids on fasting serum lipid and glucose concentrations. How fatty acids affect postprandial insulin, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations, however, remains unclear. The objective of this study was to study the effect of fatty acids on postprandial insulin, glucose, and triglyceride responses.Test meals rich in palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and containing 1,000 kcal each were administered in a randomized crossover design to 11 type 2 diabetic subjects. Serum insulin, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations were measured for 360 min. All subjects received an isoenergetic diet of constant composition throughout the study.According to repeated-measures ANOVA, the insulin (P = 0.0002) but not glucose (P = 0.10) response was significantly different between meals. The insulin response was lower to meals rich in oleic acid or EPA and DHA than to meals rich in palmitic acid or linoleic acid (P < 0.01). The triglyceride response did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06) but tended to be lower with EPA and DHA than with the other fatty acids. Similar trends were seen for area under the curve (AUC) and incremental AUC for serum insulin and triglycerides, but the differences were not significant.In comparison with palmitic acid and linoleic acid, oleic acid or EPA and DHA may modestly lower insulin response in patients with type 2 diabetes without deteriorating the glucose response. EPA and DHA may also reduce the triglyceride response.
The Diagnosis of Mental Disorders: The Problem of Reification
Authors: Steven E. Hyman
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2010)

A pressing need for interrater reliability in the diagnosis of mental disorders emerged during the mid-twentieth century, prompted in part by the development of diverse new treatments. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), third edition answered this need by introducing operationalized diagnostic criteria that were field-tested for interrater reliability. Unfortunately, the focus on reliability came at a time when the scientific understanding of mental disorders was embryonic and could not yield valid disease definitions. Based on accreting problems with the current DSM-fourth edition (DSM-IV) classification, it is apparent that validity will not be achieved simply by refining criteria for existing disorders or by the addition of new disorders. Yet DSM-IV diagnostic criteria dominate thinking about mental disorders in clinical practice, research, treatment development, and law. As a result, the modern DSM system, intended to create a shared language, also creates epistemic blinders that impede progress toward valid diagnoses. Insights that are beginning to emerge from psychology, neuroscience, and genetics suggest possible strategies for moving forward.
Continuous proliferation of murine antigen-specific helper T lymphocytes in culture.
Authors: J Watson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Murine helper T cells activated to sheep or horse erythrocyte antigens in vivo have been established as continuous cell lines in culture. T cells require the presence of a T-cell growth factor (TCGF) for continuous proliferation. TCGF purified from murine, rat, or human sources all stimulate murine T-cell growth. The T-cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin do not stimulate cell proliferation in continuous T-cell lines. All cells that grow in the presence of TCGF express Thy-1 antigens. Helper activity of T-cell lines is both antigen specific and effective for syngeneic or F1 B cells. Supernates from T-cell lines do not contain antigen-specific or nonspecific helper factors. Although several T-cell lines have shown stable helper activity for greater than 50 wk in culture, other cell lines have shown a gradual decline in effector function. The procedure used to establish and maintain proliferation of T cells in culture should be suitable for the selection and growth of antigen-specific effector T cells from each subclass.
An unusual cycling injury.
Authors: D. Macauley, K. Sampson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

A fit 37 year old dub cyclist (average weekly mileage 500 miles) was on a training session with three com- panions.After 12 miles of quite intense effort, and while cycling along a sea wall, in a moderate onshore breeze, a freak wave washed over the wall and swept him into the sea.
Detection of Immune Complexes Using 125 I Goat Anti(human IgG) Monovalent (Fab') Antibody Fragments 2
Authors: Frances J. Ludwig, Charles L. Cusumano
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Separation and identification of immune complexes in serum were based on sucrose gradient velocity sedimentation of samples labeled with radioactive monovaent antibody (Fab' fragments) to human immunoglobulin. In vitro complexes formed from tetanus toxoid and human antitoxoid (TATC) appeared in the gradient as a “radiopeak” sedimenting at lOS rather than the normal 75 position for human IgG (HulgG). These complexes were stable under the conditions of the gradient. They could be dissociated at low pH and separated by filtration into two fractions: one which sedimented at the 75 position of HuigG when centrifuged with 125I Fab, and another which reformed TATC after incubation with fresh tetanusimmune globulin and centrifugation with 125I Fab. As little as 13 µg IgG could be detected easily by this technique; complexed IgG was quantified on the assumption that its interaction with 125I Fab was similar to that of free IgG. A similar 10–115 radiopeak appeared in samples of sera from 5 cancer patients and 1 patient with Weber-Christian disease. Similar peaks were not seen in samples of sera from 10 normal healthy controls. A study of serial serum samples from 1 cancer patient showed a 10-11S radiopeak in preoperation serum that was significantly reduced 1 week after removal of the tumor. In serum taken 1 month after surgery, a small peak reappeared; recurrent disease was found subsequently. This method may have potential for detecting and isolating tumor antigens and the corresponding antibody for diagnostic tests and basic immunologic studies.
How close is the bench to the bedside? Metabolic profiling in cancer research
Authors: Que N Van, Timothy D Veenstra
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

Metabolic profiling using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is integral to the rapidly expanding field of metabolomics, which is making progress in toxicology, plant science and various diseases, including cancer. In the area of oncology and metabolic phenotyping, researchers have probed the known changes in malignant cellular pathways using new experimental techniques to gain more insights, and others are exploiting these same cellular pathways for therapeutic drug targets and for novel cancer biomarkers, with the ultimate goal of translation to the clinic. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in metabolic phenotyping for discovering novel cancer biomarkers, and we assess the clinical applicability of MS and NMR.
Frusemide and urinary cell loss.
Authors: L. F. Prescott
Journal: BMJ (1968)

BEICLOUof partial rhizotomies, therefore, should be examined to see whether in fact it is a mix- ture of the partial and the complete operations ; if it is, its recurrence rate will be less than the true rate for partial rhizotomy.Of the only two series quoted in this connexion by Messrs. Clarke and Hankinson, both were mixtures in unspecified proportions.Olive- crona,' it is true, spared the ophthalmic divi- sion " in most cases," and so his recurrence rate for partial section, if he had given it, might not have greatly exceeded his 8.5%,O for all cases.Leriche' stated that neurotomies electives could be done "si on le veut," but not how many he had done.He had seen eight recurrences in "quelques 250 cas."Having no definite denominator, he quite pro- perly gave no recurrence rate, and the " 3 %/.
Isolated leukemia cutis—A case report
Authors: A. Haubenstock, R. Zalusky, V. S. Ghali, M. H. Mernick, S. C. Malamud, J. J. Stein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract A 67‐year‐old woman with acute myelomonocytic leukemia had a clinical course characterized by the initial appearance of leukemia cutis without bone marrow involvement. When marrow involvement subsequently occurred, induction chemotherapy cleared all manifestations of the illness. Shortly thereafter, while blood and bone marrow remained in remission, the skin lesions reappeared. The introduction of 6‐thioguanine, as part of the maintenance treatment protocol, resulted in the rapid and permanent disappearence of the leukemic skin infiltrates.
Trends and district variations in the hospital care of childhood asthma: results of a regional study 1970-85.
Authors: H R Anderson
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Trends and district variations in the pre-hospital and hospital care of children aged 0-14 years admitted with acute asthma were surveyed in all 13 districts of a health region by examining case notes for 1970, 1978, and 1985. From 1970 to 1985 there was a substantial increase in admissions and some reduction of hospital stay. Over this time adrenergic drugs remained the most frequently used treatment with a large shift towards selective beta2 agonists administered by nebulisation. Use of corticosteroids fell in the under 5s with a decrease in the parenteral route of administration but rose in the 5-14 age group with an increase in the oral route of administration. There was an increase the use of oral xanthines but this was outweighed by falls in the use of suppositories and in parenteral administration. The use of antibiotics became less frequent and that of sedatives and antihistamines fell to almost nil. There were also important changes in other aspects of management, notably an increase in the use of lung function tests (from 3% to 70%) and falls in the use of chest radiographs, blood tests, bacteriology, and physiotherapy. In nearly all aspects of management there were significant and often very extreme variations in practice between districts, which were unlikely to be explained by differences in morbidity. These variations would be a suitable focus for medical audit, with the aim of establishing which treatment regimens have the best outcome and avoiding unnecessary cost and discomfort. Because early hospital drug treatment is closely related to the type of treatment given before admission such audit activities would need to include general practitioners.
Retinol binding protein 4 stimulates hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and increases lipogenesis through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1β-dependent pathway
Authors: Min Xia, Yan Liu, Honghui Guo, Duan Wang, Yun Wang, Wenhua Ling
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Recent studies have revealed the essential role of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in insulin resistance. However, the impact of RBP4 on aberrant lipogenesis, the common hepatic manifestation in insulin resistance states, and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. The present study was designed to examine the effect of RBP4 on sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1) and hepatic lipogenesis. Treatment with human retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) significantly induced intracellular triglyceride (TAG) synthesis in HepG2 cells and this effect is retinol-independent. Furthermore, RBP4 treatment enhanced the levels of mature SREBP-1 and its nuclear translocation, thereby increasing the expression of lipogenic genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase-1 (ACC-1), and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2). Stimulation of HepG2 cells with RBP4 strongly up-regulated the expression of transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. The transcriptional activation of PGC-1β is necessary and sufficient for the transcriptional activation of SREBP-1 in response to RBP4. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) was identified as the target transcription factor involved in the RBP4-mediated up-regulation of PGC-1β transcription as a result of phosphorylation on Ser133. Furthermore, in vivo RBP4 infusion induced SREBP-1c activation and consequently accelerated hepatic lipogenesis and plasma TAG in C57BL/6J mice, a phenomenon not observed in Ppargc1b knockout mice. Conclusion: These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which RBP4 achieves its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;8:564-575)
Resistance of t(11;18) positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy
Authors: Hongxiang Liu, Agnes Ruskon-Fourmestraux, Anne Lavergne-Slove, Hongtao Ye, Thierry Molina, Yoram Bouhnik, Rifat A Hamoudi, Tim C Diss, Ahmet Dogan, Francis Megraud, Jean Claude Rambaud, Ming-Qing Du, Peter G Isaacson
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Recent developments in vasectomy
Authors: Kerry Wright Aradhya, Kim Best, David C Sokal
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Vasectomy is one of the safest and most effective permanent contraceptive methods available. Compared with tubal ligation, which is usually done under general anaesthesia and entails surgery within a woman's peritoneal cavity, vasectomy is safer and men recover more quickly from the procedure. Vasectomies are usually done under local anaesthesia in outpatient settings, and men usually go home within an hour of the surgery. None the less, for various reasons, vasectomy procedures are less common than tubal ligation procedures in most countries.

Surgical techniques used for vasectomy vary widely throughout the world. The two main components of vasectomy are isolation of the vas deferens from the scrotum and subsequent vas occlusion. However, more than 30 different combinations of vas occlusion techniques probably exist,1 and poor quality studies, heterogeneous study designs, and conflicting results have made it difficult to determine which are the most effective.2

The most common technique, especially in low resource settings, is suture ligation with excision of a small segment of the vas.3 Few data are available on exact rates of use, but recent observations and interviews with surgeons in Asia suggest that at least 95% of all vasectomies in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh are done using ligation and excision (Michel Labrecque, Laval University, written communication, 28 May 2004). In contrast, data from 1995 indicate that only about 18% of vasectomies in the United States are done using this technique.4 Although vasectomy has traditionally been thought to have overall failure rates of 1-3% or lower,5–7 recent research indicates higher failure rates for ligation and excision.8–10

Because of a concern that vasectomy failure rates with ligation and excision could be higher than generally acknowledged, Family Health International and EngenderHealth convened a meeting of vasectomy experts in April 2001 in …
Endogenous Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase–Derived Nitric Oxide Is a Physiological Regulator of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption
Authors: Kit E. Loke, Patrick I. McConnell, Joshua M. Tuzman, Edward G. Shesely, Carolyn J. Smith, Christopher J. Stackpole, Carl I. Thompson, Gabor Kaley, Michael S. Wolin, Thomas H. Hintze
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Our objective was to determine the precise role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as a modulator of cardiac O 2 consumption and to further examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the control of mitochondrial respiration. Left ventricle O 2 consumption in mice with defects in the expression of eNOS [eNOS (−/−)] and inducible NOS [iNOS (−/−)] was measured with a Clark-type O 2 electrode. The rate of decreases in O 2 concentration was expressed as a percentage of the baseline. Baseline O 2 consumption was not significantly different between groups of mice. Bradykinin (10 −4 mol/L) induced significant decreases in O 2 consumption in tissues taken from iNOS (−/−) (−28±4%), wild-type eNOS (+/+) (−22±4%), and heterozygous eNOS(+/−) (−22±5%) but not homozygous eNOS (−/−) (−3±4%) mice. Responses to bradykinin in iNOS (−/−) and both wild-type and heterozygous eNOS mice were attenuated after NOS blockade with N -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (−2±5%, −3±2%, and −6±5%, respectively, P &lt;0.05). In contrast, S -nitroso- N -acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP, 10 −4 mol/L), which releases NO spontaneously, induced decreases in myocardial O 2 consumption in all groups of mice, and such responses were not affected by L-NAME. In addition, pretreatment with bacterial endotoxin elicited a reduction in basal O 2 consumption in tissues taken from normal but not iNOS (−/−)–deficient mice. Our results indicate that the pivotal role of eNOS in the control of myocardial O 2 consumption and modulation of mitochondrial respiration by NO may have an important role in pathological conditions such as endotoxemia in which the production of NO is altered.
A controlled trial of a school-based intervention to improve asthma management
Authors: D. C. McCann, J. McWhirter, H. Coleman, M. Calvert, J. O. Warner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The present study investigated schools as an appropriate context for an intervention designed to produce clinical and psychological benefits for children with asthma. A total of 193 out of 219 (88.1%) children with asthma (aged 7–9 yrs) from 23 out of 24 (95.8%) schools completed the study. Intervention schools received a staff asthma-training session, advice on asthma policy, an emergency β 2 -agonist inhaler with spacer and whole-class asthma workshops. Nonintervention schools received no asthma-related input. Intervention children required less general practitioner-prescribed preventer medication despite no differences in symptom control compared with the nonintervention asthmatic group. Increased peer knowledge of asthma may have mediated improved active quality of life in the intervention group, together with increased self-esteem in young females. Those females not receiving the intervention, but identified as being asthmatic within the classroom, and thus possibly stigmatised, reported decreased self-esteem. Lower self-esteem in young males was associated with pet ownership. No change was found in staff knowledge, the establishment of asthma policies or school absences which were low even before intervention. In conclusion, a whole-school intervention can improve the health of children with asthma when followed with support for all children but effects are likely to be modified by sex and the home environment.
THE FATE OF FOREIGN MACROMOLECULES
Authors: A. Dupont, J-M. Lachapelle
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article THE FATE OF FOREIGN MACROMOLECULES Get access A. Dupont, A. Dupont Department of Dermatology, University of Louvain, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐M. Lachapelle J‐M. Lachapelle Department of Dermatology, University of Louvain, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 8, 1 August 1968, Pages 543–544, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12346.x Published: 01 August 1968
Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (sFLT-1) Mediates Downregulation of FLT-1 and Prevents Activated Neutrophils From Women With Preeclampsia From Additional Migration by VEGF
Authors: Oliver Krysiak, Anja Bretschneider, Enhong Zhong, Jessie Webb, Hartmut Hopp, Stefan Verlohren, Norbert Fuhr, Malgorzata Lanowska, Andreas Nonnenmacher, Roland Vetter, Joachim Jankowski, Martin Paul, Gilbert Schönfelder
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Neutrophil activation and increased migration is associated with preeclampsia and is resolved after delivery. Preeclampsia is an inflammatory disorder where altered levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) have a pathogenic role. VEGF, by binding to FLT-1, induces leukocytic chemotaxis. We studied expression and function of FLT-1 in maternal neutrophils during preeclampsia and normal pregnancies. Analysis of maternal neutrophils showed the relationship between FLT-1 expression and week of gestation. Preeclamptic women express lower FLT-1 and sFLT-1 in neutrophils. In contrast, serum levels of sFLT-1 in patients with preeclampsia are increased and, therefore, inhibit upregulation of FLT-1 in neutrophils by neutralizing VEGF. VEGF-dependent FLT-1 expression is regulated by changing FLT-1-promoter activity. Promoter activity is decreased by sFLT-1. In vitro experiments demonstrated that migration of neutrophils is regulated by VEGF via FLT-1 and excess of sFLT-1. Thus, VEGF-dependent migration of neutrophils is decreased during preeclampsia as a consequence of excess circulating sFlt1. But, they still increase migration by fMLP and, therefore, migration of neutrophils from preeclamptic women is highly activated when compared with the normotensive group. In conclusion, besides being involved in inducing an antiangiogenic state in the serum, excess of sFLT-1 seems to prevent activated neutrophils from women with preeclampsia from additional migration by VEGF. We provide evidence that neutrophils may be involved in the pathophysiology of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.