tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer patient acceptance, understanding, and willingness to pay for pharmacogenetic testing (PGT).
Authors: Henrique Hon, Xin Qiu, Kimberly Tobros, Chung-Kwun Amy Wong, Bradley De Souza, Graham McFarlane, Sohaib Masroor, Abul Kalam Azad, Ekta Hasani, Natalie Rozanec, Natasha B. Leighl, Shabbir M.H. Alibhai, Wei Xu, Amalia M. Issa, Geoffrey Liu, Sinead Cuffe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6005 Background: PGT offers the potential to improve cancer therapy through the use of specialized tests that can predict the level of efficacy and/or toxicity of specific treatments in an individual. However, there is currently little knowledge concerning cancer patient attitudes towards such testing in the clinical setting. Methods: We interviewed a broad cross-section of 278 cancer patients (20% lung, 19% breast, 20% colorectal, 40% other) using hypothetical time, efficacy, toxicity and willingness-to-pay trade-off PGT scenarios. Results: 153 potentially curable patients and 125 incurable patients received a separate series of trade-off scenarios. For curative patients, 70% accepted chemo that had a 5% absolute improvement in cure rate and &lt;5% of severe toxicity. Of these, 99% wanted PGT where the test identifies a subset of patients benefiting from chemo; the same individuals were willing to pay a median $2,000 (range: $0-25,000) for PGT and would accept a median wait time for PGT results of 21 days (0-90). Patient preferences were insensitive to variation of fractions of individuals carrying the genetics associated with lack of benefit. In the incurable scenario, 90% of patients accepted palliative chemo with an 80% response rate and a severe side effect rate of 5%. Of these, 98% wanted PGT, where there test identifies individuals at highest risk of severe toxicity; the same individuals were willing to pay a median $1,000 ($0-15,000) for PGT, and would accept PGT turnaround times of 14 days (1-90). Patient preferences were insensitive to variation of fractions of individuals carrying the genetics associated with severe toxicity. The majority of patients (76% adjuvant; 87% metastatic) wanted to be involved in decision making regarding PGT; however, one in five patients (20% adjuvant; 22% metastatic) admitted that they lacked a basic understanding of what PGT means and its clinical implications. Conclusions: Among cancer patients willing to undergo chemo, almost all wanted PGT and were willing to pay for it, waiting several weeks for results. While patients had a strong desire to be involved in decision making for PGT, a considerable proportion lacked the necessary knowledge to make informed choices.
Residual disease at the end of induction therapy as a predictor of relapse during therapy in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: R Wasserman, N Galili, Y Ito, J H Silber, B A Reichard, S Shane, R B Womer, B Lange, G Rovera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE More than 95% of children with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) achieve a clinical remission after the induction phase of chemotherapy (first 28 days) as evaluated by morphologic criteria. However, relapse occurs in approximately 30% of these children. The objective of this study was to determine whether the outcome of patients in clinical remission at the end of induction therapy could be predicted using a highly sensitive method to detect residual disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS All children diagnosed with B-lineage ALL at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia during a 2-year period were eligible. The extent of residual leukemia was quantitated in remission marrow samples obtained at the end of induction therapy in 44 children using a phage clonogenic assay in association with complementarity-determining-region 3 (CDR3)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Residual disease was a significant predictor of outcome independent of WBC count, age, or sex. The estimated relapse-free survival (RFS) during therapy was 50.4% (+/- 12.6%) for patients with high residual disease (&gt; or = 0.6% leukemia cells among total marrow B cells) versus 91.9% (+/- 5.5%) for those with lower levels (P &lt; .002). There were no significant differences in off-treatment RFS between patients with high or low residual disease who completed therapy in continuous remission (P = .82). The overall estimated RFS was 32.3% (+/- 11.6%) for patients with high residual disease versus 62.6% (+/- 10.7%) for patients with lower levels of residual leukemia cells, with a median follow-up of 5.3 years for patients in continuous remission (P &lt; .008). CONCLUSION PCR detection of high residual disease at the end of induction therapy identifies patients at increased risk for relapse during therapy.
Dispensing of antibiotics without prescription in Greece, 2008: another link in the antibiotic resistance chain
Authors: D Plachouras, D Kavatha, A Antoniadou, E Giannitsioti, G Poulakou, K Kanellakopoulou, H Giamarellou
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

Antibiotic resistance has been associated with the use of antibiotics. The dispensing of antimicrobials without prescription is a potential source of inappropriate antibiotic use. In our study, antibiotics were requested without prescription from pharmacies in the metropolitan area of Athens in Greece in 2008. Twenty-one collaborators visited 174 pharmacies and asked for either amoxicillin/clavulanate acid or ciprofloxacin without providing a prescription or any other justification for the request. In Greece additional restrictions for fluoroquinolone prescriptions were implemented in 2003 after which a separate specific prescription form needs to be filled in by the prescriber, justifying the choice of any fluoroquinolone. Amoxicillin/clavulanate acid was dispensed in all cases. Furthermore, despite the regulation restricting the prescription of ciprofloxacin, this drug was dispensed by 53% of the pharmacies. It appears that the implementation of measures to restrict the use of certain antibiotics (e.g. ciprofloxacin that was studied in our case) was effective in reducing, although not eliminating, inappropriate dispensing. Overall, dispensing of antimicrobials without prescription is a widespread practice in the studied area and is contributing to the overuse of antibiotics.
Letter by Almendro-Delia et al Regarding Article, “Association Between Surgical Indications, Operative Risk, and Clinical Outcome in Infective Endocarditis: A Prospective Study From the International Collaboration on Endocarditis”
Authors: Manuel Almendro-Delia, Juan Gálvez-Acebal, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Chu et al 1 must be congratulated for a well-performed study, which provided an interesting contribution about surgical indication and prognosis in a large cohort of patients with infective endocarditis (IE).They report an evident mortality benefit of early surgery (performed during the index event admission) when properly indicated, regardless of operative risk by using a specific IE-risk score, but we think that some details deserve to be clarified.
Uncovering Neuroanatomical Networks Responsible for Abnormal Eating Behavior in Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Jennifer L. Whitwell
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Gene expression profiles predict pathologic complete response to preoperative chemotherapy with gemcitabine, epirubicin and docetaxel in primary breast cancer
Authors: A. Schneeweiss, O. Thuerigen, G. Toedt, P. Warnat, M. Hahn, C. Rudlowski, A. Benner, B. Brors, C. Sohn, P. Lichter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

2001 Background: While primary systemic therapy (PST) has gained considerable attention, it is impossible to predict sensitivity of primary breast cancer (PBC) to specific drugs. This study was designed to discover a gene expression profile that predicts pathologic complete response (pCR) to treatment with gemcitabine (G), epirubicin (E) and docetaxel (Doc) administered either as triple therapy (GEDoc) or sequentially (GE→Doc) for a total of 18 weeks as PST. Patients and Methods: Patients (pts) with PBC T2–4 N0–2 M0 underwent pretreatment core needle biopsy to collect snap frozen tissue for microarray analysis. Small amounts of isolated breast tumor RNA were amplified with a newly developed amplification protocol. Comprehensive RNA expression profiles were generated using DNA microarrays carrying 21.329 unique gene specific 70mer oligonucleotide probes. Analysis was started with a training data set of 22 pts (pCR n=5; non-pCR n=17). Several supervised learning methods were tested to identify the best class prediction algorithm. Results were validated on an independent data set of 48 PBCs (pCR n=9; non-pCR n=39). Results: A support vector machine (SVM) using linear kernel yielded the best estimated accuracy. Classification performance of the linear SVM was assessed by leave-one out validation on the training data set for the purpose of model selection. Subgroups of genes were defined by their discriminatory power and their classification error rates were validated by a permutation test. The permutation test showed that the achieved classification error rates were significantly better as what could be expected by chance. By applying our classifier to the independent test set, prediction of therapy response was achieved with an overall accuracy of 71%, a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 67%. Thus, 8 of the 9 pts with pCR were correctly predicted. Conclusions: Our results suggest that transcriptional profiling can identify a gene expression profile in PBC that may serve as a clinically useful predictor of pCR to PST containing G, E and Doc. Thus, a highly efficient selection of pts possibly benefitting from these drugs could be achieved. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis, Lilly Oncology Lilly Oncology
한국성인의 C형 간염 바이러스 유전자형 분석 -유전자형 특이 PCR법의 이용 -
Authors: 이영상(Yung Sang Lee), 정영화(Young Hwa Chung), 민영일(Young Il Min), 문대혁(Dae Hyuk Moon), 나도선(Doe Sun Na), 서동진(Dong Jin Suh)
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (1998)

Backg round/ Aims : The distribut ion of  HCV genotypes varies with geographical area, and genot ypes can affect t he nat ur al course of HCV infection, but adequate genot yping data were not accumulat ed in Korea. This study was des igned to det ermine the pattern of distribution of  HCV genotypes in Korea and it's clinical implications . Methods : 100 cons ecut ive anti- HCV( +), RT - PCR(+) cases were recruited. Genotype  specific oligonucleotide primers were made according to the sequence variation of NS5 region of HCV genome. Heminested PCR with mixed primersets
was per formed, and genotype specific PCR products of different size were verified. Sequencing of cloned PCR products was done in cases with representative genotypes . Clinical profiles of genotype 1b and 2a were compared. Results : Genotyping was done in 78 among 100 cases. Genotype 1b (48/ 78, 57.7%) and 2a (25/ 78, 32.1%) were most prevalent , and 1a (1/ 78, 1.3%) and mixed form (7/ 78, 9.0%) were also found. Milder cases with persistent normal ALT levels were
more frequently seen in genotype 2a ( 9/ 25, 36.0%) than in genot ype 1b (3/ 45, 6.7%) (p< 0.01).
Conclusions : Genotype 1b and 2a were major ones in anti- HCV( +) Korean adults , and the tendency of milder clinical course of genotype 2a was suggested. (Korean J Hepatol 1998;4:235-243)
Various Degrees of Susceptibility of Different Stocks of Rats to N-2-Fluorenyldiacetamide Hepatic Carcinogenesis
Authors: Melvin D. Reuber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Outbred Osborne Mendel, Japanese, Wistar, NIH Black, and Sorague-Dawley male rats 12 weeks of age ingested 0.025% N-2-fluorenyldiacetamide in a semisynthetic diet Sprague-Daeley and NIH Black male rats were most susceptible to the development of carcinomas and cirrhosis of the liver and also had the highest incidence of metastases. More and larger carcinomas per liver and more poorly differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas were found, as well as more advanced cirrhosis, Japanese and Wistar male rats were susceptible, but less so, to hepatic carcinogenesis and cirrhosis. These rats had fewer and smaller hepatic carcinomas per liver, and the neoplasms were well differentiated. By contrast, Osborne Mendel male rats were least susceptible to hepatic carcinogenesis and cirrhosis.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the patient with cancer.
Authors: C E Vitelli, K Cooper, A Rogatko, M F Brennan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

The records of 114 cancer patients suffering cardiopulmonary arrests (CPA) during a 3-year period at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) were retrospectively reviewed to identify variables predicting final outcome in these patients. Although 65.7% of the patients were successfully resuscitated, only 12 (10.5%) were discharged alive from the hospital. Median survival after discharge was 150 days. By univariate and multivariate analysis, the only variable predicting the likelihood of a patient's being discharged alive after a CPA was the performance status of the patient at the time of admission to the hospital. Thus, a patient spending more than 50% of the time in bed at the time of admission had only a 2.3% chance of being discharged alive after CPA. A thorough discussion of these findings between physicians and patients and their families is strongly recommended at the time of admission to spare cancer patients unnecessary invasive resuscitative procedures.
Increased plasma kidney injury molecule-1 suggests early progressive renal decline in non-proteinuric patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Natalia Nowak, Jan Skupien, Monika A. Niewczas, Masayuki Yamanouchi, Melissa Major, Stephanie Croall, Adam Smiles, James H. Warram, Joseph V. Bonventre, Andrzej S. Krolewski
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Prolonged hematopoietic reconstitution in patients failing previous peripheral blood stem cell collection, transplanted with adequate number of the CD34 cells obtained during bone marrow harvest
Authors: P. Mensah, W. Jurczak, B. Piatkowska - Jakubas, Z. Walter, D. Hawrylecka, A. B. Skotnicki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6641 Background: According to current EBMT recommendations 2.0 x 106 CD34 positive cells /kg is regarded as adequate transplant material, capable to reconstitute hematopoiesis after high dose chemotherapy. Methods: In our department we routinely use peripheral blood stem cell collection (PBSCC) as a source of a autologous transplant material. During the last 5 years only 37 out of 154 transplanted leukemia and lymphoma patients had an effective BM harvest performed. It was done electively in 10 patients, while the rest failed 1 or 2 previous PBSCC procedures (17 and 10 cases). Those 3 groups were compared with respect to engraftment. Results: In our protocols we most often used Cyclophosphamide, ESHAP or DICEP mobilisation chemotherapy for lymphoma patients and intermediate dose cytarabine for leukemias. BM harvest after the second PBSCC failure was not performed in heavily pretreated patients, beyond the first relapse, or after failing more then 2 upfront lines of chemotherapy. Despite low percentage of CD 34 positive cells in bone marrow before the harvest (0.35% of mononuclear cells, range 0.25 –0.45%) reasonable transplant material was obtained by increasing the harvested volume to 2.5 liters. With adequate transfusion policy the procedure was feasible and safe. Although the CD34 counts were comparable between 3 groups (median 1,9, 1,8, 1,5 for harvested upfront, after failing 1 and 2 PBSCC respectively), engraftment and hematopoietic reconstitution was delayed significantly in the 3-rd group (median 26 days). Conclusions: When considering to perform autologous stem cell transplant in patients failing 2 previous PBSCC procedures, although it is probably possible to obtain adequate numbers of CD34 positive cells during BM harvest one should have in mind the delayed engraftment. This is likely to happen also if the CD34 counts are 2.0 x 106/kg or above. Therefore in our Department we recommend it only for the high risk cases. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
CD30 ligand in lymphoma patients with CD30+ tumors.
Authors: A Younes, U Consoli, V Snell, K Clodi, K O Kliche, J L Palmer, H J Gruss, R Armitage, E K Thomas, F Cabanillas, M Andreeff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE CD30 ligand (CD30L), which is expressed on resting B and activated T lymphocytes, can induce cell death in several CD30+ cell lines. Patients with CD30+ tumors (Hodgkin's disease and Ki-1+ non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) frequently have elevated soluble CD30 (sCD30) levels in their serum, which correlates with a poor prognosis. The role of sCD30 in protecting tumor cells from CD30L-mediated cell death and the pattern of CD30L expression on human peripheral-blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of normal donors and patients with CD30+ tumors are investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD30L surface protein expression was determined by two-color flow cytometry on PBLs of patients with CD30+ tumors and normal individuals. CD30L levels were determined on subsets of PBLs before and after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), anti-CD3 antibody, or CD40L. sCD30 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The apoptotic activity of membrane-bound CD30L was tested in a CD30+ cell line by the annexin V-binding method. RESULTS Unstimulated T lymphocytes of normal donors and patients with lymphoma rarely expressed CD30L surface protein, but were able to express it after stimulation with PHA or anti-CD3 antibody. Resting B cells of patients with CD30+ tumors had lower levels of detectable surface CD30L compared with normal donors (mean, 55% and 80.6%, respectively; P = .0008). Patients with high levels of serum sCD30 had lower detectable levels of CD30L on their PBLs (R2 = .72, P = .0008) and exogenous sCD30 blocked membrane-bound CD30L-mediated apoptosis in a CD30+ cell line. CONCLUSION In patients with CD30+ tumors, sCD30 can decrease the availability of CD30L on PBLs. Blocking the apoptosis-inducing activity of CD30L by its soluble receptor may explain how CD30+ tumors escape immunosurveillance and may be related to the reported poor prognosis of patients who have elevated sCD30 levels.
Fatigue in advanced cancer: A study on the different dimensions and their correlates
Authors: C. C. Rijt van der, M. A. Echteld, J. Passchier, S. Claessen, R. Wit de, G. Stoter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

8050 Background: Fatigue is increasingly recognized as one of the most devastating symptoms in advanced cancer. It has been described as a multidimensional phenomenon with physical, affective and cognitive expressions, but quantitative studies on the various dimensions plus their correlates are scarce. Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study we included 94 patients with advanced cancer admitted to the Palliative Care Unit of our Cancer Institute. Exclusion criteria were radiotherapy or chemotherapy < 4 weeks before inclusion, life expectancy < 2 weeks and drowsiness. Fatigue was measured by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), a validated instrument measuring the dimensions General Fatigue (GF), Physical Fatigue (PF), Reduced Activity (RA), Reduced Motivation (RM) and Mental Fatigue (MF), all scores ranging from 4–20. Data have been collected on tumor type and organ sites involved, demographics, prior therapy, anxiety, depression (HADS), symptoms (EORTC QLQ-C30), medication and laboratory parameters. Statistical analysis included bivariate correlation analyses followed by multiple regression analyses. Results: Median scores on RM and MF were significantly lower as compared with GF, PF and RA (p<0.001, Friedman test). MF was found to be related to anxiety. RA and RM were related to depression and PF was associated with symptoms and opioid use. Conclusions: Patients admitted to our palliative care unit experience extreme levels of physical fatigue. We found that motivation and mental functioning were less impaired. In addition, multiple regression analyses revealed different patterns of covariates for the various dimensions, suggesting separate underlying causal relations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Improving Treatment of Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
Authors: James Fleshman
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal