tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP048: Partner Violence is Associated with Higher Blood Pressure in Men and Women
Authors: Cari J Clark, Susan A Everson-Rose, Resnick Michael, Iris Borowsky, Sonya S Brady, Robert Krueger, John C Connett, Alvaro Alonso, Shakira Franco Suglia
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Women are more likely to experience distress and injury from intimate partner violence (IPV), and may also be at greater risk of higher blood pressure than male victims. However, most prior epidemiologic research has not included men and has not examined perpetation, despite the predominance of mutually violent relationships. Therefore, this study investigates sex differences in the relationship between exposure to IPV victimization and perpetration and systolic blood pressure (SB). Methods: The study included 3447 (52% female; mean(sd) age=22(3)) participants of Waves 3 (2001–2002) and 4 (2007) of the publically-available subset of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Frequency of psychological, physical, sexual IPV and IPV-related injury were ascertained with the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales at Wave 3. Exposure to IPV was categorized as no IPV victimization or perpetration (ref), only low victimization and / or perpetration, high victimization and low/no perpetration, high perpetration and low/no victimization, and both high victimization and perpetration. SBP was measured at Wave 4 using standard procedures. Potential confounders (age, educational attainment, race, history of child abuse) and mediators (depressive symptoms, breakfast consumption, moderate physical exercise, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption) were recorded at Wave 3. Multivariable weighted linear regression was used to test the relationship between SBP and IPV by adjusting for confounders then by adjusting for the proposed mediators. Analyses were stratified by sex and a multiplicative term was tested. Results: Approximately 30% of the sample reported IPV exposure (n=2050), of which 23% (n=831) experienced low victimization and or perpetration, 5% (n=157) high victimization, 6% (N=203) high perpetration, 6% (n=206) both high victimization and perpetration. Women were slightly more likely to report high perpetration and both high victimization and high perpetration (p&lt;0.01). In separate models controlling for confounders, experiencing both high victimization and perpetration was associated with 4.02 mmHg SBP higher in men (95% CI: 0.32, 7.72) and 2.51 mmHg SBP higher in women (95% CI: 0.18, 4.84) compared to those with no IPV. In addition, reporting high perpetration was associated with 3.83 mmHg higher SBP in men (95% CI: –0.72, 8.38), while high victimization was associated with 2.94 mmHg higher SBP for women (95% CI: –0.61, 6.49). Further adjustment for the hypothesized mediators slightly attenuated the findings. The multiplicative term (IPV X sex) was marginally significant (p=0.09). Conclusions: Exposure to high levels of victimization and perpetration is associated with higher levels of SBP for men and women. High victimization alone is related to higher SBP for women while high perpetration is related to higher SBP for men.
Chemotherapy-induced anemia in patients with primary lung cancer
Authors: H Okamoto, N Saijo, T Shinkai, K Eguchi, Y Sasaki, T Tamura, Y Ohe, A Kojima, H Kunikane, A Karato
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1992)

To elucidate the factors which influence the value of hemoglobin, the nadir value of hemoglobin, frequency of blood transfusion and prognostic value of blood transfusion in patients with primary lung cancer during intensive chemotherapy, the hematological features of 124 patients entered into a randomized phase III study containing cisplatin were retrospectively analyzed. There was no difference in the percent nadir hemoglobin value of the first course of chemotherapy (% of pretreatment value) in any of the subgroups with respect to sex, body weight loss, performance status, age, stage, number of metastatic sites or treatment arms. The only predictive indicator for the nadir hemoglobin value in the first course of chemotherapy was the pretreatment value of hemoglobin. The equation for the regression line was y = 1.07 + 0.73x (R2 = 0.663, p < 0.001). The lowest nadir hemoglobin value (% of pretreatment value) during all chemotherapy courses was significantly lower in the subgroups older than 60 years and those with body weight loss. There was an inverse correlation between the accumulated dose of cisplatin and the lowest nadir hemoglobin value (p < 0.05). The frequency of blood transfusion in patients with more than two metastatic sites was significantly higher than in those with one or no metastatic sites (p < 0.05). Survival of patients who had required blood transfusion after chemotherapy was significantly shorter than that of patients who had not (p < 0.05).
A phase I study of cetuximab and irinotecan in pediatric patients (pts) with refractory solid tumors
Authors: T. M. Trippett, J. Kuttesch, C. Herzog, J. Boklan, R. Bagatell, S. Hunger, R. Arceci, H. Lu, C. Langer, L. Gore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9547 Background: Irinotecan has shown antitumor activity in a number of pediatric tumors. In adults with colorectal cancer, combining irinotecan with cetuximab enhances clinical activity as compared to treatment with irinotecan alone. We implemented this first-in- pediatrics phase I study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended Phase II dose (RP2D) of cetuximab and irinotecan in pediatric patients. Methods: 35 heavily pre-treated pts with refractory solid tumors were enrolled: brainstem glioma/astrocytoma (16), hepatoblastoma (4), neuroblastoma (2), other (13). Weekly cetuximab was escalated in 3 sequential dose levels: 75, 150 or 250mg/m 2 ; Irinotecan was given at 16 or 20 mg/m 2 /day over 1 hour [daily × 5] for two weeks, every 21 days. Correlative EGFR expression (immunohistochemistry and FISH) and/or mutations, pharmacokinetics (PK) of and immune response to cetuximab were performed. Results: Pts were treated in two age cohorts (ages 1–12 yrs = Group A, and 13–18 yrs = Group B). PK analyses show linearity, with similar t 1/2 , clearance, and volume of distribution between groups. Irinotecan-related DLT in 2/6 pts in Group A/dose 2 necessitated dose de-escalation. Three pts experienced Grade 3 hypersensitivity infusion reaction and were discontinued. A pt with an EGFR-negative high-grade glioma (dose level 1) achieved a &gt;70% reduction in tumor size and remains on study for 16+ months (24 cycles). A pt with ependymoma experienced a partial response (PR) and continues on cycle 12+. 9 pts received ≥4 cycles of therapy. 16 pts had a best response of stable disease or PR (mean 17 wks, range 5–66+ wks) for a clinical benefit rate of 45%. Conclusions: The combination of cetuximab and irinotecan is well-tolerated over multiple repeat cycles without cumulative toxicity in children with refractory CNS and non-CNS solid tumors. Promising preliminary anti-cancer activity was observed in a variety of pediatric solid tumors. Detailed biologic correlative and PK data will be presented. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Survey of the Influence of Patients' Residential Areas on Satisfaction Levels in Cancer Care at Designated Hospitals
Authors: Shoko Akiyama, Kanako Kumasaka, Mitsunori Miyashita, Makio Gamoh, Seiichi Kobayashi, Seiji Chubachi, Hiroshi Ishii, Yuko Sato, Takahiro Mori, Chikashi Ishioka
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Lifestyle modifications including complementary and alternative medicine and quality of life among women at high risk for breast cancer
Authors: D. O. Malaka, R. Lee, R. Lewin, S. Cummings, F. Curlin, A. Bradbury, O. Olopade
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20583 Background: Breast cancer (BC) patients commonly employ lifestyle modifications (LM) such as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), but limited information exists among women who are high risk for BC (HRBC). This study's aims were to estimate the prevalence of LM use among HRBC patients, describe communication patterns, and determine correlations with quality of life (QoL) measures. Methods: Women enrolled in a multi-modality screening study for HRBC patients (≥20% lifetime risk) were distributed a questionnaire asking about the use of CAM therapies and other LM, timing of use, reasons, costs, and communication patterns. QoL measures included the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Demographic variables and those instruments with significant correlations (p&lt;0.05) were included in a multivariate model. Results: A total of 173 HRBC patients are enrolled on this study and 123 have completed the survey. General characteristics of these women include a median age of 45 years, 91% Caucasian, 30% have a gene mutation (e.g. BRCA1/2), and 33% have had breast and/or ovarian cancer. Ninety-nine percent reported a lifetime prevalence of LM and CAM, and nearly half of subjects (48%) did so for cancer-related reasons. The most popular LM were exercise (83%), massage (68%), yoga (44%), vitamin E (38%), and chiropractic medicine (36%). The most common cancer-related changes were low fat diet (15%), exercise (11%), and meditation (10%). Half of subjects (48%) did not discuss any of these LM with their physicians, and the most common reason was their physician did not ask. In the multivariate model for cancer-related LM, subjects having a history of BC or ovarian cancer were 6.2 times (p&lt;0.001) more likely to use LM and CAM. Subjects with a below average SF-36 general health subscale score were 3.4 times (p&lt;0.05) more likely to pursue non-biologically based CAM, and those with an elevated BDI (score&gt;9) were 6.2 times (p&lt;0.05) less likely to pursue dietary changes. Conclusions: LM including CAM are highly prevalent among women at HRBC. Oncologists should inquire about LM and CAM use and explore reasons for this including QoL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Estimates of the Probability of Death from Burn Injuries
Authors: J E Rohan, C Esteban, P Loirat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Rao et al. (Jan.15 issue) 1 found that computed tomography (CT) was very accurate for the diagnosis of appendicitis and that clinical diagnosis was very inaccurate.The clinical diagnoses were inaccurate because they were the surgeon's first estimates of the probability of appendicitis in patients in the emergency department.It is well known that the diagnostic accuracy increases on reexamination after a short period of observation.A planned exploration is not necessarily carried out on admission, as assumed by Rao et al.These points alter the calculated cost savings due to the use of CT.The histologic criteria that they used for the diagnosis of appendicitis need to be reported, especially if mucosal inflammation alone was one of them. 2 The possibility of bias during the workup is evident if mucosal inflammation was a criterion for appendicitis.Does a positive finding on CT scanning mandate an operation, or can the method detect cases of minor appendicitis that would otherwise resolve on their own?The latter have been identified with ultrasonography, 3 and we have presented epidemiologic evidence that minor appendicitis is common. 4 Its importance can be appreciated from the report that the rate of detection of appendicitis was 50 percent higher in centers with a liberal attitude toward exploration than in those with a more conservative approach to management. 5 Information about the distribution of the patients according to the severity of disease would therefore be of interest.Cost savings in the care of patients suspected of having appendicitis are certain if unnecessary appendectomies are avoided.These savings may be augmented or lost, depending on the number of operations performed in patients with spontaneously resolving appendicitis.Clinical aptitude and in-hospital observation will still be needed until it is shown that CT can differentiate patients who need an operation from patients with resolving appendicitis.
Functional Genomics Uncover the Biology behind the Responsiveness of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer Patients to Cetuximab
Authors: Paolo Bossi, Cristiana Bergamini, Marco Siano, Maria Cossu Rocca, Andrea P. Sponghini, Federica Favales, Marco Giannoccaro, Edoardo Marchesi, Barbara Cortelazzi, Federica Perrone, Silvana Pilotti, Laura D. Locati, Lisa Licitra, Silvana Canevari, Loris De Cecco
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: To identify the tumor portrait of the minority of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients with recurrent–metastatic (RM) disease who upon treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab present a long-lasting response. Experimental Design: The gene expression of pretreatment samples from 40 HNSCC-RM patients, divided in two groups [14 long-progression-free survival (PFS) and 26 short-PFS (median = 19 and 3 months, respectively)], was associated with PFS and was challenged against a dataset from metastatic colon cancer patients treated with cetuximab. For biologic analysis, we performed functional and subtype association using gene set enrichment analysis, associated biology across all currently available HNSCC signatures, and inferred drug sensitivity using data from the Cancer Genomic Project. Results: The identified genomic profile exhibited a significant predictive value that was essentially confirmed in the single publicly available dataset of cetuximab-treated patients. The main divergence between long- and short-PFS groups was based on developmental/differentiation status. The long-PFS patients are characterized by basal subtype traits such as strong EGFR signaling phenotype and hypoxic differentiation, further validated by the significantly higher association with the hypoxia metagene. The short-PFS patients presented a strong activation of RAS signaling confirmed in an in vitro model of two isogenic HNSCC cell lines sensitive or resistant to cetuximab. The predicted drug sensitivity for all four EGFR inhibitors was higher in long- versus short-PFS patients (P range: &amp;lt;0.0022–1e−07). Conclusions: Our data uncover the biology behind response to platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in RM-HNSCC cancer and may have translational implications improving treatment selection. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3961–70. ©2016 AACR. See related commentary by Chau and Hammerman, p. 3710
A phase I study of hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine in patients with inoperable liver metastases
Authors: M. Heller, K. Eichler, W. Schwarz, J. O. Balzer, M. G. Mack, T. J. Vogl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4156 Background: The purpose was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine, ± degradable starch microspheres (Spherex), in pts with inoperable liver metastases of solid tumors. Methods: Ongoing phase I study; Gemcitabine was given on D1 and 8 every 3 wks. Initial gemcitabine dose 1,000 mg/m2 (w/out microspheres) was escalated in 200-mg/m2 steps to 2,000 mg/m2 (max). 3 pts treated/dose level. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) = WHO grade 3 myelosuppression or nonhematologic tox. MTD was reached when 2 of 3 pts had a DLT during cycle 1. When gemcitabine MTD w/out microspheres was identified, MTD w/ microspheres was assessed. A fixed 5-ml microsphere dose was given, with gemcitabine escalated starting a dose-step below MTD w/ microspheres. Tumor response assessed after each cycle by contrast-enhanced biphasic computed (CT) and magnetic resonance tomography (MRT); clinical benefit response (CBR) evaluated by questionnaire. Pts had histologically confirmed disease, adequate bone marrow reserve, sufficient liver/renal function, no active CNS metastases, KPS >70%, and life expectancy >12 wks. Results: 18 pts enrolled (M/F 11/7, med 60.8 yrs). Gemcitabine MTD w/out microspheres: 1,400 mg/m2 (DLT grade 3 myelosuppression at 1,600 mg/m2); gemcitabine w/ microspheres: no serious toxicity to 1,800 mg/m2. 2 pts (11%) had partial responses and received laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT); 9 (50%) stable disease. 7 pts (39%) progressed and received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). CBR = 78% (14 pts). Conclusions: Hepatic intra-arterial gemcitabine (with microspheres) beyond a recommended 1,000 mg/m2 dose is well tolerated, yields increased CBR and tumor response, and warrants confirmatory phase II studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Enhanced Identification of Transcriptional Enhancers Provides Mechanistic Insights into Diseases
Authors: Yasuhiro Murakawa, Masahito Yoshihara, Hideya Kawaji, Miki Nishikawa, Hatem Zayed, Harukazu Suzuki, None FANTOM Consortium, Yoshihide Hayashizaki
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2016)
Medical expenditures and productivity loss among colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer survivors in the US.
Authors: Zhiyuan Zheng, Ahmedin Jemal, Gery Guy, Xuesong Han, Matthew Banegas, Chunyu Li, Donatus U. Ekwueme, K Robin Yabroff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

6619 Background: We examined the economic burden among survivors of the three most prevalent cancers (colorectal, female breast, and prostate) in nonelderly and elderly populations in the US. Methods: The 2008 to 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data was used to identity colorectal (n = 540), breast (n = 1,568), and prostate (n = 1,170) cancer survivors, and individuals without a cancer history (n = 109,423). Total economic burden was defined as the sum of medical expenditures and productivity loss (i.e. employment disability, productivity loss at work measured by missed work days, and productivity loss at home measured by additional days stayed in bed). Excess burden was measured as the difference in economic burden between cancer survivors and individuals without a cancer history. All analyses were conducted by cancer site and stratified by age (nonelderly: 18-64 vs elderly: 65+). Multivariable analyses controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, comorbidities, health insurance, and geographic region. Results: The total annual economic burden per nonelderly cancer survivor was $20,238 for colorectal, $14,202 for breast, and $9,278 for prostate. When compared to individuals without a cancer history, excess medical expenditures among nonelderly cancer survivors was $8,647 for colorectal, $5,119 for breast, and $3,586 for prostate (all p < 0.01). Moreover, nonelderly colorectal and breast cancer survivors experienced significantly greater excess employment disability (colorectal: 14%; breast: 5%) and productivity loss at work (colorectal: 7 days; breast: 3 days) and at home (colorectal: 5 days; breast: 3 days; all p < 0.01). Elderly cancer survivors also bear significant total economic burden (colorectal: $18,860; breast: $14,351; prostate: $16,851). However, their excess medical expenditure is much lower than nonelderly cancer survivors. Excess productivity loss among elderly cancer survivors was not significantly different from elderly individuals without a cancer history. Conclusions: The economic burden of cancer varies by cancer site and age group. Nonelderly cancer survivors experience greater excess economic burden than elderly cancer survivors.
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists for preparing adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia to splenectomy: results of a retrospective, observational GIMEMA study
Authors: Francesco Zaja, Wilma Barcellini, Silvia Cantoni, Monica Carpenedo, Giuseppe Caparrotti, Valentina Carrai, Nicola Di Renzo, Cristina Santoro, Massimo Di Nicola, Dino Veneri, Federico Simonetti, Anna M. Liberati, Valeria Ferla, Francesca Paoloni, Enrico Crea, Stefano Volpetti, Enrica Tuniz, Renato Fanin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

In patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) refractory to corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), splenectomy may result at higher risk of peri-operative complications and, for this reason, potentially contraindicated. The thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) romiplostim and eltrombopag have shown high therapeutic activity in primary ITP, but data of efficacy and safety regarding their use in preparation for splenectomy are missing. Thirty-one adult patients, median age 50 years, with corticosteroids and/or IVIG refractory persistent and chronic ITP who were treated with TPO-RAs (romiplostim= 24; eltrombopag= 7) with the aim to increase platelet count and allow a safer execution of splenectomy were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-four patients (77%) responded to the use of TPO-RAs with a median platelet count that increased from 11 × 10(9) /L before starting TPO-RAs to 114 × 10(9) /L pre-splenectomy, but a concomitant treatment with corticosteroids and/or IVIG was required in 19 patients. Twenty-nine patients underwent splenectomy while two patients who responded to TPO-RAs subsequently refused surgery. Post-splenectomy complications were characterized by two Grade 3 thrombotic events (1 portal vein thrombosis in the patient with previous history of HCV hepatitis and 1 pulmonary embolism), with a platelet count at the time of thrombosis of 260 and 167 × 10(9) /L, respectively and one Grade 3 infectious event. TPO-RAs may represent a therapeutic option to improve platelet count and reduce the risk of peri-operative complications in ITP candidates to splenectomy. An increased risk of post-splenectomy thromboembolic events cannot be ruled out and thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular weight heparin is generally recommended.
Relationships between adult asthma and oxidative stress markers and pH in exhaled breath condensate: a systematic review
Authors: F. M. Aldakheel, P. S. Thomas, J. E. Bourke, M. C. Matheson, S. C. Dharmage, A. J. Lowe
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Oxidative stress has a recognized role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Recently, interest has increased in the assessment of pH and airway oxidative stress markers. Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and quantification of biomarkers in breath samples can potentially indicate lung disease activity and help in the study of airway inflammation, and asthma severity. Levels of oxidative stress markers in the EBC have been systematically evaluated in children with asthma; however, there is no such systematic review conducted for adult asthma. A systematic review of oxidative stress markers measured in EBC of adult asthma was conducted, and studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases. Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Concentrations of exhaled hydrogen ions, nitric oxide products, hydrogen peroxide and 8-isoprostanes were generally elevated and related to lower lung function tests in adults with asthma compared to healthy subjects. Assessment of EBC markers may be a noninvasive approach to evaluate airway inflammation, exacerbations, and disease severity of asthma, and to monitor the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatment regimens. Longitudinal studies, using standardized analytical techniques for EBC collection, are required to establish reference values for the interpretation of EBC markers in the context of asthma.
Pulmonary nodules and CT screening: the past, present and future
Authors: M Ruparel, S L Quaife, N Navani, J Wardle, S M Janes, D R Baldwin
Journal: Thorax (2016)

Lung cancer screening has come a long way since the early studies with chest X-ray. Advancing technology and progress in the processing of images have enabled low dose CT to be tried and tested, and evidence suggests its use can result in a significant mortality benefit. There are several issues that need refining in order to successfully implement screening in the UK and elsewhere. Some countries have started patchy implementation of screening and there is increased recognition that the appropriate management of pulmonary nodules is crucial to optimise benefits of early detection, while reducing harm caused by inappropriate medical intervention. This review summarises and differentiates the many recent guidelines on pulmonary nodule management, discusses screening activity in other countries and exposes the present barriers to implementation in the UK.