tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeting the Cancer Moonshot
Authors: Alfred I. Neugut, Cary P. Gross
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Hyperhomocysteinemia activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/CD36 pathway to promote hepatic steatosis in mice
Authors: Liu Yao, Chunjiong Wang, Xu Zhang, Liyuan Peng, Wenli Liu, Xuejiao Zhang, Yajin Liu, Jinlong He, Changtao Jiang, Ding Ai, Yi Zhu
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with liver diseases such as fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. The current study aimed to explore the signaling pathway involved in HHcy-induced hepatic steatosis (HS). C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-methionine diet (HMD) for 4 and 8 weeks to establish the HHcy mouse model. Compared to a chow diet, the HMD induced hepatic steatosis and elevated hepatic expression of CD36, a fatty acid transport protein. The increased CD36 expression was associated with activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In primary cultured hepatocytes, high levels of homocysteine (Hcy) treatment up-regulated CD36 and increased subsequent lipid uptake; both were significantly attenuated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of CD36 and AHR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that Hcy promoted binding of AHR to the CD36 promoter, and transient transfection assay demonstrated markedly increased activity of the AHR response element by Hcy, which was ligand dependent. Mass spectrometry revealed significantly increased hepatic content of lipoxin A4 (LXA4 ), a metabolite of arachidonic acid, in HMD-fed mice. Furthermore, overexpression of 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase 1, a LXA4 inactivation enzyme, inhibited Hcy-induced AHR activation, lipid uptake, and lipid accumulation. Moreover, LXA4 -induced up-regulation of CD36 and lipid uptake was inhibited by AHR siRNA in vitro in hepatocytes. Finally, treatment with an AHR antagonist reversed HHcy-induced lipid accumulation by inhibiting the AHR-CD36 pathway in mice.HHcy activates the AHR-CD36 pathway by increasing hepatic LXA4 content, which results in hepatic steatosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:92-105).
Inhibition of Growth of Uninfected and Rous Sarcoma Virus-Infected Chick-Embryo Fibroblasts by Rifampicin&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Harriet L. Robinson, William S. Robinson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Rifampicin concentrations greater than 20 μg/ml inhibited the growth of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and CEF transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). These effects increased with increasing drug concentration and with increasing time of exposure of cells to the drug. These results suggest that the inhibition by rifampicin of focus formation by RSV-infected CEF results from inhibition of cell proliferation rather than from a specific effect on viral transformation. Rifampicin also inhibited infectious virus production by RSV-infected CEF.
Aspirin use and the risk of cholangiocarcinoma‡
Authors: Jonggi Choi, Hassan M. Ghoz, Thoetchai Peeraphatdit, Esha Baichoo, Benyam D. Addissie, William S. Harmsen, Terry M. Therneau, Janet E. Olson, Roongruedee Chaiteerakij, Lewis R. Roberts
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Whether aspirin use is protective against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unclear. We determined the association between aspirin use and other risk factors for each CCA subtype individually. In a hospital‐based case‐control study, 2395 CCA cases (1169 intrahepatic, 995 perihilar, and 231 distal) seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, from 2000 through 2014 were enrolled. Controls selected from the Mayo Clinic Biobank were matched two to one with cases by age, sex, race, and residence (n = 4769). Associations between aspirin use, other risk factors, and CCA risk were determined. Aspirin was used by 591 (24.7%) CCA cases and 2129 (44.6%) controls. There was a significant inverse association of aspirin use with all CCA subtypes, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29‐0.42), 0.34 (95% CI 0.27‐0.42), and 0.29 (95% CI 0.19‐0.44) for intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal CCA, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001 for all). Primary sclerosing cholangitis was more strongly associated with perihilar (AOR = 453, 95% CI 104‐999) than intrahepatic (AOR = 93.4, 95% CI 27.1‐322) or distal (AOR = 34.0, 95% CI 3.6‐323) CCA, whereas diabetes was more associated with distal (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI 2.5‐7.0) than perihilar (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI 2.2‐3.8) or intrahepatic (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI 2.0‐3.2) CCA. Cirrhosis not related to primary sclerosing cholangitis was associated with both intrahepatic and perihilar CCA, with similar AORs of 14. Isolated inflammatory bowel disease without primary sclerosing cholangitis was not associated with any CCA subtype. Conclusions : Aspirin use was significantly associated with a 2.7‐fold to 3.6‐fold decreased risk for the three CCA subtypes; our study demonstrates that individual risk factors confer risk of different CCA subtypes to different extents. (H epatology 2016;64:785‐796)
Morphologic and Biochemical Characteristics of Transplantable Neurogenic Tumors Induced by &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Ethyl-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-nitrosourea in Inbred BD IX Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W Wechsler, M A Ramadan, S E Pfeiffer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Brain and nerve tumors were induced transplacentally in inbred BD IX rats by systemic application of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. Because primary gliomas and neurinomas produced in this way are composed of heterogeneous cell populations, changes in tumor morphology were expected to occur during serial transplantation in syngeneic hosts. In this study such changes in morphology were correlated with the expression of two biochemical nervous system markers, S-100 protein and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase. Several changes were observed during serial transplantation, including increased growth rate (even after one passage), preferential growth of anaplastic versus differentiated glial and Schwann's cells, varying degrees of fibrosarcomatous changes after prolonged serial transplantation, and reduced levels of S-100 protein. In contrast, tumors derived from biochemically differentiated clonal cell lines retained their morphologic and biochemical characteristics to a much greater extent, even after prolonged periods of sc transplantation.
Genotypic Heterogeneity and the Mode of Inheritance in Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Jouni Uitto, Hassan Vahidnezhad, Leila Youssefian
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Training-related and competition-related risk factors for respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections in elite cross-country skiers
Authors: Ida S Svendsen, Ian M Taylor, Espen Tønnessen, Roald Bahr, Michael Gleeson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

To examine symptoms indicative of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections and determine risk factors for such symptoms in elite cross-country skiers.Self-reported training and symptom data for 37 elite cross-country skiers from 2007 to 2015 were analysed using multilevel logistic regression equations with symptom incidence and duration as outcome variables, and sex, performance level, season, competition, air travel, altitude exposure and training characteristics as independent variables.Data for 7016 person-weeks were analysed, including 464 self-reported infection events and 110 959 h of training. Athletes reported median (range) 3 (1-7) respiratory tract and/or gastrointestinal events per year, with symptoms lasting 5 (1-24) days. During the winter, symptoms occurred more frequently (OR 2.09, p<0.001) and lasted longer (b=0.043, p<0.001) compared with summer. Competition and air travel increased the risk of symptoms, with ORs of 2.93 (95% CI 2.24 to 3.83) and 4.94 (95% CI 3.74 to 6.53), respectively (p<0.001). Athletes with higher training monotony had lower risk of symptoms (OR 0.87 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.99), p<0.05). Other training variables were not associated with symptoms. Athletes who had won an Olympic/World Championship medal reported shorter symptom duration compared with less successful athletes (b=-0.019, p<0.05) resulting in significantly fewer symptomatic days/year (14 (6-29) vs 22 (8-43) days/year).Air travel and competition are major risk factors for acute respiratory tract and gastrointestinal symptoms in this population. Athletes who have large fluctuations in training load experience such symptoms more frequently. Shorter duration of symptoms appears to be associated with success in cross-country skiing.
Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in the United States: 1935–74
Authors: Susan S. Devesa, Debra T. Silverman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in the United States: 1935–74 Get access Susan S. Devesa, Susan S. Devesa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Debra T. Silverman Debra T. Silverman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 3, March 1978, Pages 545–571, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.3.545 Published: 01 March 1978 Article history Received: 10 August 1977 Accepted: 31 October 1977 Published: 01 March 1978
The HLA System and Immunological Defence against Cancer: A Review
Authors: R T D Oliver
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1978)

In nonmalignant disease, there have been two mechanisms implicated in the association of HLA antigens with disease. In ankylosing spondylitis, evidence is accumulating for cross tolerance between a bacterial antigen and the HLA-B27 antigen; while in the autoimmune diseases, the involvement of an abnormal immune response gene, associated with A1/B8 haplotype, is strongly suspected. The same haplotype has also been associated with recovery from hepatitis B infection and survival of patients with Hodgkin's disease and acute myeloid leukaemia. At present, there are no techniques to study directly immune response genes in man and so these observations are still strictly academic. However, with increasing interest in the use of immunotherapy in cancer and the demonstration in mice that the major histocompatibility system may be the site of action of soluble mediators of immune memory, understanding the mechanisms of action of the HLA associated resistance factors may enable a more rational approach to immunotherapy in man.
Burden of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Pima Indians With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mamta Jaiswal, Gudeta D. Fufaa, Catherine L. Martin, Rodica Pop-Busui, Robert G. Nelson, Eva L. Feldman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) share common pathological mechanisms and are favorably impacted by intensive glycemic control. American Indians have disproportionately higher rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D), younger age of diabetes onset, and earlier development of long-term complications than other ethnic groups (1). Diabetes as an underlying cause of death is 2.5–3.5 times higher among American Indians than whites, yet the DPN burden among American Indians has not been systematically evaluated. We assessed DPN prevalence in Pima Indians and evaluated the relationship between DPN and DN.

A total of 79 Pima Indians with T2D (age 53 ± 11 years, diabetes duration 25 ± 6 years, 73% female, and mean HbA1c 9.5 ± 1.9% [80 ± 7 mmol/mol]) from the Gila River community were enrolled. DPN status was ascertained using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) …
A New Population of Parvocellular Oxytocin Neurons Controlling Magnocellular Neuron Activity and Inflammatory Pain Processing
Authors: Marina Eliava, Meggane Melchior, H. Sophie Knobloch-Bollmann, Jérôme Wahis, Miriam da Silva Gouveia, Yan Tang, Alexandru Cristian Ciobanu, Rodrigo Triana del Rio, Lena C. Roth, Ferdinand Althammer, Virginie Chavant, Yannick Goumon, Tim Gruber, Nathalie Petit-Demoulière, Marta Busnelli, Bice Chini, Linette L. Tan, Mariela Mitre, Robert C. Froemke, Moses V. Chao, Günter Giese, Rolf Sprengel, Rohini Kuner, Pierrick Poisbeau, Peter H. Seeburg, Ron Stoop, Alexandre Charlet, Valery Grinevich
Journal: Neuron (2016)
Treatment Results With Dasatinib Or Nilotinib In Third Line Therapy Of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia After Failure Of Two Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Beatriz F Ribeiro, Eliana C M Miranda, Marcia T Delamain, Gislaine Borba Oliveira, Maria Helena Almeida, Vagner O Duarte, Irene L Metze, Carmino A De Souza, Rosana A Silveira, Katia B. Pagnano
Journal: Blood (2013)
Nurse specialists in family planning.
Authors: John Newton, Gail Barnes, Jayne Cameron, Paula Goldman, Julian Elias
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In a training program in which nurse specialists ran an experimental family planning clinic a total of 768 patients were seen in the 1st year.  Oral contraceptives (OCs) were administered to 377 patients and IUDs were inserted in 187 patients and an additional 204 IUD patients attended only for follow-up visits.  All related side effects were adequately diagnosed by the nurse specialist;  some required consultation by the physician for the purpose of verifying what the nurse had found.  The importance of adequate discussion in family planning matters and the presence of a female attendant were confirmed in the 1st years clinical experiences.  The enthusiasm shown by the nurse specialist and the high quality of patient care indicate that the doctor and the nurse specialist in family planning can work together.
Mechanisms Underlying Adaptation to Life in Hydrogen Sulfide–Rich Environments
Authors: Joanna L. Kelley, Lenin Arias-Rodriguez, Dorrelyn Patacsil Martin, Muh-Ching Yee, Carlos D. Bustamante, Michael Tobler
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a potent toxicant interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and creating extreme environmental conditions in aquatic ecosystems. The mechanistic basis of adaptation to perpetual exposure to H2S remains poorly understood. We investigated evolutionarily independent lineages of livebearing fishes that have colonized and adapted to springs rich in H2S and compared their genome-wide gene expression patterns with closely related lineages from adjacent, nonsulfidic streams. Significant differences in gene expression were uncovered between all sulfidic and nonsulfidic population pairs. Variation in the number of differentially expressed genes among population pairs corresponded to differences in divergence times and rates of gene flow, which is consistent with neutral drift driving a substantial portion of gene expression variation among populations. Accordingly, there was little evidence for convergent evolution shaping large-scale gene expression patterns among independent sulfide spring populations. Nonetheless, we identified a small number of genes that was consistently differentially expressed in the same direction in all sulfidic and nonsulfidic population pairs. Functional annotation of shared differentially expressed genes indicated upregulation of genes associated with enzymatic H2S detoxification and transport of oxidized sulfur species, oxidative phosphorylation, energy metabolism, and pathways involved in responses to oxidative stress. Overall, our results suggest that modification of processes associated with H2S detoxification and toxicity likely complement each other to mediate elevated H2S tolerance in sulfide spring fishes. Our analyses allow for the development of novel hypotheses about biochemical and physiological mechanisms of adaptation to extreme environments.
Dogs died in studies of drug that killed man in French trial
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Several dogs died in preclinical studies of the experimental drug that killed a human volunteer in a French trial, the French medical safety agency ANSM has confirmed.

But the expert committee the agency established to review the trial’s conduct concluded that these deaths were to be expected in animal testing designed to establish a safe dose for human administration. The protocol for the first in human trial recorded that this “no observed adverse effect level” was determined for mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys.

As part of these studies, ANSM said, “very high doses are administered to determine the maximum tolerated doses, which can …
Clinical management of the uraemic syndrome in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Raymond Vanholder, Denis Fouque, Griet Glorieux, Gunnar H Heine, Mehmet Kanbay, Francesca Mallamaci, Ziad A Massy, Alberto Ortiz, Patrick Rossignol, Andrzej Wiecek, Carmine Zoccali, Gérard Michel London
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2016)
A phase I/II dose-escalation-trial of recombinant human histone H1.3 in subjects with relapsed or refractory AML
Authors: C. Renner, R. Class, H. Siegmund-Schulz, M. Birke, G. Formicka-Zeppezauer, M. Jost, H.-W. Weber, M. Zeppezauer, M. Pfreundschuh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6618 Background: A central issue in the therapy of patients with AML concerns the high relapse and failure rates especially in the elderly population. Most of the efforts on more effective treatment strategies are directed towards the development of new chemotherapeutic and biologic agents. Histone H1 has been shown to eradicate leukemia-derived cell lines in vitro and to arrest the local growth of sc. tumors in nude mice. Histones are small molecules ubiquitous in eukaryotes with molecular masses ranging from 11 to 21 kDa with a function that goes beyond DNA stabilization and regulation of gene expression. To study their activity for the treatment of refractory AML, recombinant Histone H1 (rhH1.3) was produced under GMP conditions and a phase I/II trial initiated. Methods: Patients are eligible if they are 18 or older, diagnosed with AML, failed induction therapy or relapsed with greater than 20% blasts in BM. This is an open-label, single center phase I dose escalation study with cohorts of 3 subjects treated with 9 infusions (3 per week) at the same rhH1.3 dose. Response was evaluated four weeks after the initiation of treatment. The primary objective of this study is to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of rhH1. Secondary objectives are patient’s best disease response measured by means of laboratory tests and bone marrow biopsy and duration of remission. Results: Out of 12 patients screened, 9 met the inclusion criteria. At the starting dose (37.5 mg/m2 body surface area), drug-related adverse events (AE) were limited to fever, shivering and coldness, nausea and vomiting with no serious AE reported. One dose-limiting toxicity (DLT, fever CTC grade IV) was reported. All AEs dissapeared completely after increasing infusion time from 1 to 3 hours. Of the 7 patients evaluable, 2 showed a partial remission determined by blast reduction in the bone marrow, while the remaining patients had stable disease. Conclusions: Overall, the treatment of patients with refractory AML using rhH1 was well tolerated and warrants the continuation of this phase I/II trial. The primary focus of this new drug are elderly patients where no other treatment options are available. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Symbiotec Symbiotec Symbiotec Symbiotec
Cell Surface Antigens in Normal and Neoplastic Urinary Bladder Epithelial Cells of the Rat&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Masuko, Takashi, Hashimoto, Yoshiyuki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Cell surface antigens of normal urinary bladder epithelium (NBE) and bladder cancers of inbred ACI/N rats were assayed by antisera raised in rabbits. Mixed hemadsorption test combined with absorption analysis defined three kinds of cell surface antigens in both NBE and bladder cancer cells; the first antigen was common to lymphoid cells, the second was present in most of the epithelia, and the third was unique to NBE and present to a lesser extent in bladder cancers. In addition, bladder cancers had a fourth antigen that was common only to epidermis. These findings were confirmed by the use of typing sera for the third and the fourth antigens, which were prepared by absorptions of each antiserum with lymphoid cells and the lung. Direct titration of the typing sera against various cells revealed that the third antigen (NBE antigen) was species-specific and the fourth antigen (BC-SK antigen) was not common to human bladder cancers but common in part to mouse epidermal cells and bladder cancers.