tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P166: Folate Intake and Cognitive Status Among Adults 60 Years and Older: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Magda Shaheen, Ayesha Sherzai, Dean Sherzai
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Cognitive impairment in elderly is related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While an association is reported between cognitive function and lifestyle, conflicting results have been reported between folate and dementia and little is known of this relationship among elderly population in a national sample. Our purpose is to determine the relationship between folate intake and cognitive status among population ≥60 years in a representative sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Hypothesis: folate intake are associated with cognitive status among population ≥60 years. Methods: We analyzed data from the NHANES 1999-2002. Cognitive status was measured by the digit symbol substitution exercise score. The main independent variables were folate intake. Folate intake was categorized into tertiles. We used multiple linear regression adjusting for age, gender, race, education, obesity, physical activity and co-morbidities. SAS V9.3 was used to analyze the data taking into consideration the design, strata and weight. Results: Of the 1,249 participants, 43% were male, 83% were white, 32% had less than high school education, 33% were obese, and 49.6% were not physically active. The mean age was 70± 0.45 years. Participants had a mean of 46±0.9 correct score in the cognitive test. Adjusting for the confounding variables, folate intake was associated with cognitive score (2nd tertile adjusted B=3.3 [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.4 and 5.2], p=0.002, and 3rd tertile adjusted B=2.5 [95% CI=0.60 and 4.3, p=0.013). Conclusions: Folate intake was independently associated with cognitive status score among participants ≥60 years old. More research is needed to determine the causal association.
Toll-like Receptors in the Vascular System: Sensing the Dangers Within
Authors: Styliani Goulopoulou, Cameron G. McCarthy, R. Clinton Webb
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2015)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are components of the innate immune system that respond to exogenous infectious ligands (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) and endogenous molecules that are released during host tissue injury/death (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs). Interaction of TLRs with their ligands leads to activation of downstream signaling pathways that induce an immune response by producing inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons (IFN), and other inflammatory mediators. TLR activation affects vascular function and remodeling, and these molecular events prime antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Despite the presence of TLRs in vascular cells, the exact mechanisms whereby TLR signaling affects the function of vascular tissues are largely unknown. Cardiovascular diseases are considered chronic inflammatory conditions, and accumulating data show that TLRs and the innate immune system play a determinant role in the initiation and development of cardiovascular diseases. This evidence unfolds a possibility that targeting TLRs and the innate immune system may be a novel therapeutic goal for these conditions. TLR inhibitors and agonists are already in clinical trials for inflammatory conditions such as asthma, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, but their study in the context of cardiovascular diseases is in its infancy. In this article, we review the current knowledge of TLR signaling in the cardiovascular system with an emphasis on atherosclerosis, hypertension, and cerebrovascular injury. Furthermore, we address the therapeutic potential of TLR as pharmacological targets in cardiovascular disease and consider intriguing research questions for future study.
The Impact of Selection, Gene Conversion, and Biased Sampling on the Assessment of Microbial Demography
Authors: Marguerite Lapierre, Camille Blin, Amaury Lambert, Guillaume Achaz, Eduardo P. C. Rocha
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Recent studies have linked demographic changes and epidemiological patterns in bacterial populations using coalescent-based approaches. We identified 26 studies using skyline plots and found that 21 inferred overall population expansion. This surprising result led us to analyze the impact of natural selection, recombination (gene conversion), and sampling biases on demographic inference using skyline plots and site frequency spectra (SFS). Forward simulations based on biologically relevant parameters from Escherichia coli populations showed that theoretical arguments on the detrimental impact of recombination and especially natural selection on the reconstructed genealogies cannot be ignored in practice. In fact, both processes systematically lead to spurious interpretations of population expansion in skyline plots (and in SFS for selection). Weak purifying selection, and especially positive selection, had important effects on skyline plots, showing patterns akin to those of population expansions. State-of-the-art techniques to remove recombination further amplified these biases. We simulated three common sampling biases in microbiological research: uniform, clustered, and mixed sampling. Alone, or together with recombination and selection, they further mislead demographic inferences producing almost any possible skyline shape or SFS. Interestingly, sampling sub-populations also affected skyline plots and SFS, because the coalescent rates of populations and their sub-populations had different distributions. This study suggests that extreme caution is needed to infer demographic changes solely based on reconstructed genealogies. We suggest that the development of novel sampling strategies and the joint analyzes of diverse population genetic methods are strictly necessary to estimate demographic changes in populations where selection, recombination, and biased sampling are present.
Familial Aggregation of Lung Cancer in Humans&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: George K. Tokuhata, Ph.D., A. M. Lilienfeld, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Analyses of data from a comparison of relatives of 270 lung cancer probands with those of the race-sex-age-residence matched controls indicate a significant excess in the lung cancer mortality among proband relatives. This excess mortality was not accounted for by age, sex, generation, and cigarette-smoking factors. No such relationship was found among spouses of the two groups. The data further revealed: 1) The familial effect is more marked among nonsmokers than among smokers. 2) The smoking effect is more evident among control relatives than among proband relatives. 3) The effect of cigarette smoking may be greater, at least in men, than that of the familial factor; however, in women the effect of familial factor may be greater than that of the smoking factor. 4) The effect of the familial factor among nonsmokers is similar in both men and women. 5) There is a synergistic interaction between the familial and smoking factors. 6) Blood relatives of the probands are more likely to be smokers than those of the controls. 7) There is among the case relatives a substantial excess mortality attributed to noncancer respiratory diseases, which suggests that the case relatives have certain common susceptibility to all respiratory diseases. 8) No significant differences were observed between the spouses of the case and control subjects with respect to smoking habits and noncancer respiratory diseases, respectively. From the totality of all results it would appear that genetic factors may play a role in the etiology of lung cancer, together with such environmental factors as cigarette smoking.
Care needs to be taken with treatment
Authors: J. Lock, D. Gallagher
Journal: BMJ (1996)

develop the intermediate neurotoxic syndrome while other equally seriously intoxicated patients do not.Paraoxon polymorphism (the genetic capability of humans to detoxify organophos- phates), toxic liposolubility, and interaction with other toxins, among other possibilities, would contribute to the development of the intermediate neurotoxic syndrome in people with atypical butyrylcholinesterase.Therefore, pseudocholinesterase activity is worth studying in further epidemiological and toxicological follow up studies on pesticide intoxication, including those recommended by
Occupational health pilot study finds unmet need
Authors: R Isanedighi, J Mannall, J Harvey, G Feder
Journal: BMJ (1995)

are of enormous potential consequence, given the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and hypercholesterolaemia in Britain alone.Many hundreds of thousands of patients could require cholesterol lowering drugs once dietary advice has failed.Given the magnitude of the problem, do we need more evidence that such results can be generalised before we embark on this colossal task?J HIPPISLEY-COX Trainee general practitioner
Development of Autologous, Oligoclonal, Poorly Functioning T Lymphocytes in a Patient With Autosomal Recessive Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Caused by Defects of the Jak3 Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Duilio Brugnoni, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Alessandra Sottini, Paolo Airò, Marta Pennacchio, Evelina Mazzolari, Simona Signorini, Fabio Candotti, Anna Villa, Patrizia Mella, Paolo Vezzoni, Roberto Cattaneo, Alberto G. Ugazio, Luisa Imberti
Journal: Blood (1998)
Which part of a porcine stomach is suitable as an animal training model for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection?
Authors: Joichiro Horii, Osamu Goto, Masayuki Shimoda, Motoki Sasaki, Ai Fujimoto, Yasutoshi Ochiai, Naohisa Yahagi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Training using an animal model is generally recommended before performing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in humans. This study aimed to clarify the suitability of an isolated porcine stomach as an animal training model for gastric ESD.Study 1: six experienced endoscopists performed ESDs of six simulated lesions located in six locations in an isolated porcine stomach (1, lower third [L]/ greater curvature [Gre]; 2, L/ anterior wall [Ant]; 3, L/ posterior wall [Post]; 4, upper third [U]/ Gre; 5, U/Ant; 6, U/Post). The procedure times (s/cm(2)) were compared among the different lesion locations. A questionnaire (scored 1 - 5) completed by the endoscopists was used to assess the difference in the difficulty compared to the human stomach of the three steps of the ESD procedure (injection, incision and dissection). Study 2: the thicknesses of the mucosal layers were histologically evaluated among the six locations in three porcine and two human stomachs.Study 1: the procedure speed was significantly slower at L/Gre and U/Gre in the porcine stomachs (P = 0.0004). The questionnaire responses revealed a tendency toward similarity between the lower regions of the human and porcine stomachs at L/Ant, L/Post, U/Ant and U/Post during the dissection step (P = 0.056). In contrast, the injection and incision steps at L/Gre in the porcine stomach were shown to differ in difficultly level (both P = 0.0006). Study 2: the mucosal layers in the porcine stomachs were significantly thicker than those in the human stomachs in the lower areas, especially L/Gre.The difficulty of ESD and the histological features of the porcine stomachs were coincident with those of the human stomachs at L/Ant, L/Post, U/Ant and U/Post. These parts of the porcine stomach may be suitable as animal training models for gastric ESD.
A Novel Clinical Prediction Model for Prognosis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Using Decision Tree Analysis
Authors: Fraser J.H. Brims, Tarek M. Meniawy, Ian Duffus, Duneesha de Fonseka, Amanda Segal, Jenette Creaney, Nicholas Maskell, Richard A. Lake, Nick de Klerk, Anna K. Nowak
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare cancer with a heterogeneous prognosis. Prognostic models are not widely utilized clinically. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis examines the interaction of multiple variables with a given outcome.Between 2005 and 2014, all cases with pathologically confirmed MPM had routinely available histological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics recorded. Classification and regression tree analysis was performed using 29 variables with 18-month survival as the dependent variable. Risk groups were refined according to survival and clinical characteristics. The model was then tested on an external international cohort.A total of 482 cases were included in the derivation cohort; the median survival was 12.6 months, and the median age was 69 years. The model defined four risk groups with clear survival differences (p < 0.0001). The strongest predictive variable was the presence of weight loss. The group with the best survival at 18 months (86.7% alive, median survival 34.0 months, termed risk group 1) had no weight loss, a hemoglobin level greater than 153 g/L, and a serum albumin level greater than 43 g/L. The group with the worst survival (0% alive, median survival 7.5 months, termed risk group 4d) had weight loss, a performance score of 0 or 1, and sarcomatoid histological characteristics. The C-statistic for the model was 0.761, and the sensitivity was 94.5%. Validation on 174 external cases confirmed the model's ability to discriminate between risk groups in an alternative data set with fair performance (C-statistic 0.68).We have developed and validated a simple, clinically relevant model to reliably discriminate patients at high and lower risk of death using routinely available variables from the time of diagnosis in unselected populations of patients with MPM.
Abstract 262: Derivation of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Disease Specific Cardiomyocytes From Patient Urine
Authors: Xuan Guan, David L Mack, Claudia M Moreno, Fernando Santana, Charles E Murry, Martin K Childers
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Introduction: Human somatic cells can be reprogrammed into primitive stem cells, termed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These iPSCs can be extensively expanded in vitro and differentiated into multiple functional cell types, enabling faithful preservation of individual’s genotype and large scale production of disease targeted cellular components. These unique cellular reagents thus hold tremendous potential in disease mechanism study, drugs screening and cell replacement therapy. Due to the genetic mutation of the protein dystrophin, many DMD patients develop fatal cardiomyopathy with no effective treatment. The underlying pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that iPSCs could be generated from DMD patients’ urine samples and differentiated into cardiomyocytes, recapitulating the dystrophic phenotype. Methods: iPSCs generation was achieved by introducing a lentiviral vector expressing Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 into cells derived from patient’s (n=1) and healthy volunteers’ (n=3) urine. Cardiomyocytes were derived by sequentially treating iPSCs with GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 and Wnt inhibitor IWP4. Differentiated cardiomyocytes were subjected to calcium imaging, electrophysiology recording, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis, and immunostaining. Results: iPSCs were efficiently generated from human urine samples and further forced to differentiate into contracting cardiomyocytes. PCR analysis and immunostaining confirmed the expression of a panel of cardiac markers. Both normal and patient iPSC derived cardiomyocytes exhibited spontaneous and field stimulated calcium transients (up to 2Hz), as well as action potentials with ventricular-like and nodal-like characteristics. Anti-dystrophin antibodies stained normal iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte membranes but did not react against DMD iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Conclusions: Cardiomyocytes can be efficiently generated from human urine, through the cellular reprogramming technology. DMD cardiomyocytes retained the patient’s genetic information and manifested a dystrophin-null phenotype. Functional assessments are underway to determine differences that may exist between genotypes.
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided ethanol injection as a treatment for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma in the left hepatic lobe
Authors: So Nakaji, Nobuto Hirata, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Toshiyasu Shiratori, Masahiro Sanagawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Locally recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was diagnosed in a 79-year-old woman. The tumor measured 45 mm in diameter, was located in liver segment S3, and had been treated with radiofrequency ablation 3 years earlier. The patient was scheduled to receive treatment; however, she experienced epigastric pain during the waiting period.
Wound Healing
Authors: Leon C. Edwards, J. Englebert Dunphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE significance of studies on abnormal wound healing resides mainly in their delineation of some of the essential features of normal repair. pharmacologic, species and other experimental variables in such investigations make their interpretation difficult and their application to the metabolic processes of health and disease in man somewhat speculative. Among the conditions that cause defective wound healing two naturally occurring diseases, scurvy and protein starvation, have been the most widely investigated.nutritional DeficienciesAscorbic AcidOnly the guinea pig, primates and man are known to require dietary vitamin C and to suffer from scurvy in its absence. Although ascorbic . . .
Enhancing Effect of Inducers of Liver Microsomal Enzymes on Induction of Hyperplastic Liver Nodules by &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-2-Fluorenylacetamide in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M Tatematsu, K Nakanishi, G Murasaki, Y Miyata, M Hirose, N Ito
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The effects of inducers of liver microsomal enzymes on the induction of hyperplastic liver nodules by N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) were studied in male F344 rats. The rats were fed a diet containing 200 ppm 2-FAA for 2 weeks and then given test chemicals for the following 8 weeks. Partial hepatectomies were performed at the end of the third week of the experiment. The compounds were tested, and their concentrations (in ppm) in the diet were as follows: 1,000 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), 500 PCB, 500 PCB plus 70 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA); 500 PCB plus 500 phenobarbital, 70 MCA, 500 phenobarbital, 500 phenobarbital plus 500 beta-naphthoflavone, and 2,500 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyloxazoline-dione-2,4 (DDOD). All experimental groups developed significantly greater numbers and total areas of hyperplastic nodules than did the controls. In groups treated similarly with the test chemicals but without partial hepatectomy, the numbers and total areas of hyperplastic nodules were significantly less than those in the experimental groups with partial hepatectomy. Administration of test chemicals except 2-FAA to partially hepatectomized rats did not induce hyperplastic nodules. The present results showed the early detection of the enhancing effect on induction of hyperplastic liver nodules by a system consisting of the following three procedures: 1) 2-FAA feeding; 2) administration of test chemicals, and 3) partial hepatectomy during administration of test chemicals. In this system DDOD enhanced the induction of hyperplastic nodules of the liver.
Impregnated central venous catheters for prevention of bloodstream infection in children (the CATCH trial): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ruth E Gilbert, Quen Mok, Kerry Dwan, Katie Harron, Tracy Moitt, Mike Millar, Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Shane M Tibby, Dyfrig Hughes, Carrol Gamble
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
NBT-287, a third generation taxane analog, and paclitaxel resistance due to MDR-1 and mutant tubulin
Authors: L. Helson, J. Ferrara, M. Jones, J. McChesney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3114 Background: The therapeutic utility of taxanes, the most widely used class of anticancer agents, is hampered by resistance due to over-expression of MDR-1 and tubulin mutations. By modifying the paclitaxel (TX) molecule, we have prepared a third-generation taxane designed to circumvent MDR-1. We tested this taxane in human tumor cell lines, including an ovarian cancer cell line characterized by mutant tubulin. Methods: For initial screening, we selected tumors exhibiting various levels of MDR-1 expression. Twenty-four hours following inoculation of tumor cells into 96-well plates, different concentrations of analogs solubilized in DMSO / PBS were added to six replicate wells for 1-hour and 24-hour periods. After five additional days of incubation in drug-free media, we determined cell survival using the MTT or WST-1 assay, and compared the mean O.D.s of sextuplicate wells containing taxane analog treated, untreated, and paclitaxel treated controls. Results: NBT-287 was 4- to 200-fold more potent than paclitaxel in the ovarian mutant tubulin MDR-1 negative tumor, in MDR-1 positive cell lines, and equivalent to paclitaxel in other MDR-1 negative cell lines. Exposure of NCI-AR paclitaxel-resistant breast tumor cells to NBT-287 at a 25% inhibitory concentration did not sensitize the cells to paclitaxel, suggesting that this analog was circumventing rather than reversing MDR-1. The cytotoxic ratios of the ED50 comparing TX and NBT-287 in representative cell lines are tabulated below. Conclusions: The cytotoxic advantage of NBT-287 over paclitaxel in tumor cells is independent of the expression of MDR-1 and of mutant tubulin-associated resistance. The latter mechanism of action may be due to different binding sites on beta-tubulin for paclitaxel and NBT-287. As a result, this taxane may be an appropriate compound for further efficacy and safety studies in mouse xenotransplants and in patients. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration NaPro BioTherapeutics, Inc. Bruce Myers & Associates; NaPro BioTherapeutics, Inc. NaPro BioTherapeutics, Inc.
Effect of Resection of Metastasis (Rom) and All 3, 4 and 5 Active Agents in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Mcrc) Between 1995-2010
Authors: H. Kennecke, Y. Yin, H. Lim, D. Renouf, L. Chen, C. Speers, W.Y. Cheung
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Positive <sup>18</sup>Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Predicts Preinvasive Endobronchial Lesion Progression to Invasive Cancer
Authors: Francesco Fraioli, Irfan Kayani, Laura-Jane Smith, Jamshed B. Bomanji, Arrigo Capitanio, Mary Falzon, Bernadette Carroll, Neal Navani, James Brown, Ricky M. Thakrar, Philip Jeremy George, Ashley M. Groves, Sam M. Janes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)
Abstract 13140: Cardiac Arrest and Detection of Residual Shunt Following Ligation of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery Arising From the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)
Authors: Sharmin Basher, Larry Markham, Robert Piana
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Coronary anomalies are rare, often associated with morbidity and can be potentially fatal. We present a case of an adult with sudden cardiac death in the setting of residual anomalous l...