tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accelerated obstructive pulmonary disease in HIV infected patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: M Bard, L J Couderc, A G Saimot, A Scherrer, I Frachon, F Seigneur, I Caubarrere
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been associated with a wide spectrum of pulmonary disease. We report three HIV-seropositive patients with rapidly worsening airway obstruction associated with bronchiectasis. All subjects (age range 33-39 yrs) were cigarette smokers. Two had previously used intravenous drugs. The CD4 lymphocyte count ranged 40-250 cells x mm(-3). All individuals had complained of increasing dyspnoea for 3-6 months. Within 1 yr, they all developed severe airway obstruction with a decrease in both forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) to less than 60% of predicted value, and a decrease in mean forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF25-75) to less than 35% of predicted value. Computed tomography of the chest disclosed bilateral dilated and thickened bronchi. No classical causes of genetic or acquired bronchiectasis were identified in our patients. Recurrent bacterial bronchitis occurred in the follow-up period of the three patients. In conclusion, unusually rapid airway obstruction associated with bronchiectasis should be added to the wide spectrum of respiratory complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Inhibition of Granulation Tissue Cell Apoptosis During the Subacute Stage of Myocardial Infarction Improves Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction at the Chronic Stage
Authors: Kenji Hayakawa, Genzou Takemura, Motoo Kanoh, Yiwen Li, Masahiko Koda, Yukinori Kawase, Rumi Maruyama, Hideshi Okada, Shinya Minatoguchi, Takako Fujiwara, Hisayoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Granulation tissue cells at the subacute stage of myocardial infarction (MI) are eliminated by apoptosis to finally make a scar at the chronic stage. We hypothesized that postinfarct inhibition of apoptosis might preserve myofibroblasts and endothelial cells in granulation and modulate chronic left ventricular (LV) remodeling and heart failure.A pancaspase inhibitor, Boc-Asp-fmk (BAF, 10 micromol/kg per day), or vehicle (control) was given to rats with experimental large MI. The treatment was started on the third day after MI and continued until 4-week-old MI. Two weeks later, the apoptosis of granulation tissue cells was significantly reduced and conversely, the cell population was greater in BAF. Twelve weeks later, BAF showed significantly greater survival rates (84% versus 42%) with significantly smaller LV cavity, lower LV end-diastolic pressure and central venous pressure, and higher LV dP/dt, which indicated improvement of LV remodeling and dysfunction. A scar was established in old infarct of control subjects, but in BAF, the infarct wall was thicker because of greater old infarct area, which contained abundant myofibroblasts and vessels. Surprisingly, many of the alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblast-like cells in BAF, making bundles and running parallel to the survived cardiomyocytes, were ultrastructurally mature smooth muscle cells with contractile phenotype. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the infarct area was equally rare in each group.The postinfarct treatment with BAF improved LV remodeling and dysfunction through inhibition of granulation tissue cell apoptosis. These findings imply a new therapeutic strategy against postinfarct heart failure.
Benefits of blockers in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: network meta-analysis
Authors: S. Chatterjee, G. Biondi-Zoccai, A. Abbate, F. D'Ascenzo, D. Castagno, B. Van Tassell, D. Mukherjee, E. Lichstein
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To clarify whether any particular β blocker is superior in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction or whether the benefits of these agents are mainly due to a class effect. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and network meta-analysis of efficacy of different β blockers in heart failure. <b>Data sources</b> CINAHL(1982-2011), Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Trials (-2011), Embase (1980-2011), Medline/PubMed (1966-2011), and Web of Science (1965-2011). <b>Study selection</b> Randomized trials comparing β blockers with other β blockers or other treatments. <b>Data extraction</b> The primary endpoint was all cause death at the longest available follow-up, assessed with odds ratios and Bayesian random effect 95% credible intervals, with independent extraction by observers. <b>Results</b> 21 trials were included, focusing on atenolol, bisoprolol, bucindolol, carvedilol, metoprolol, and nebivolol. As expected, in the overall analysis, β blockers provided credible mortality benefits in comparison with placebo or standard treatment after a median of 12 months (odds ratio 0.69, 0.56 to 0.80). However, no obvious differences were found when comparing the different β blockers head to head for the risk of death, sudden cardiac death, death due to pump failure, or drug discontinuation. Accordingly, improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction were also similar irrespective of the individual study drug. <b>Conclusion</b> The benefits of β blockers in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction seem to be mainly due to a class effect, as no statistical evidence from current trials supports the superiority of any single agent over the others.
Diagnostic value of serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in lung diseases.
Authors: K Ashutosh, J F Keighley
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured in 10 patients with early active sarcoidosis, nine patients with inactive or resolving sarcoidosis, 10 patients with malignant pulmonary neoplasms, eight patients with miscellaneous lung diseases, and 18 control subjects with no known pulmonary disease. The serum ACE activity, expressed in units/ml, in control subjects (5-88 +/- 1-84), was no different from the values obtained in patients with inactive or resolving sarcoidosis (6-85 +/- 2-48) or miscellaneous lung diseases (4-61 +/- 3-20). However, the ACE activity was found to be markedly raised in patients with early active sarcoidosis (13-49 +/- 2-52), and there was no overlap with control values. The patients with pulmonary neoplasms had significantly lower values of serum ACE activity than the control subjects (2-80 +/- 3-30).
Biogenesis and Regulation of Cardiovascular MicroRNAs
Authors: Johann Bauersachs, Thomas Thum
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and fundamentally impact on cardiovascular function in health and disease. A tight control of miRNA expression is crucial for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. However, a comprehensive understanding of the various levels of miRNA regulation is in its infancy. We here summarize the current knowledge about regulation of cardiovascular miRNAs at the transcriptional level by transcription factors, during processing by the Drosha and Dicer complexes and the importance of miRNA modification, editing, and decay mechanisms. As an example, miRNA regulation in diabetic and hypoxic cardiovascular disease conditions is discussed. Better knowledge about regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in cardiovascular disease will probably lead to improved and novel miRNA-based therapeutic therapies.
The incidence and risk factors for pre-race respiratory tract symptoms in ironman triathletes
Authors: M Schwellnus, M Lichaba, M Collins
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Pre-race respiratory tract symptoms (RTS) in Ironman triathletes appear to be common but the incidence and risk factors for pre-race RTS have not been well studied. Objective The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of RTS in triathletes preparing for an Ironman Triathlon and to establish the risk factors associated with pre-race RTS. Setting International Ironman Triathlon competition. Participants 304 triathletes entering the Ironman triathlon were recruited. Assessments All the subjects completed a validated questionnaire in the 1–3 days before the race that contained sections on demographics, training and previous competitions, and a detailed section pertaining to RTS and allergies. Data on race performance were collected after the race. Subjects were divided into the following groups, based on their self-reported history of RTS in the 6 week and 1 week period prior to the race: no RTS, all RTS, only upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS), lower respiratory tract and/or systemic symptoms (LRT+SS). Measures of outcome Incidence (%) of triathletes with RTS in the 6 weeks and 1 week before the race and factors associated with pre-race RTS. Results The main findings in this study were that 49% of the Ironman triathletes reported RTS in the 6-week period before competition. There was a strong association between self reported RTS in Ironman triathletes and a history of self reported allergies rather than training volume (in the 15 weeks before the race). Self-reported LRT+SS but not URTS in triathletes were associated with decreased training in the 6 weeks before the race. Conclusion Triathletes, in preparation for a race, report a high incidence of RTS, which appear to be related to allergies rather than other factors including training volume or the calibre of the athlete.
Effect of Flumazenil in Lactate-Sensitive Patients With Panic Disorder
Authors: Andreas Ströhle, Michael Kellner, Alexander Yassouridis, Florian Holsboer, Klaus Wiedemann
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that has been reported to provoke panic attacks in patients with panic disorder. This study was undertaken to compare the effects of flumazenil and sodium lactate, the most widely studied panic provocation agent.Ten patients with panic disorder were given infusions of saline, sodium lactate, and flumazenil in randomized order. Panic attacks, psychopathological changes, heart rate, and cortisol and ACTH secretion were recorded.Eight of the 10 patients experienced a panic attack after sodium lactate, but none did after flumazenil or saline. Cortisol and ACTH secretion were not enhanced by any of the treatments. Sodium lactate increased heart rate, whereas flumazenil had the opposite effect.These findings do not lend support to the view that the benzodiazepine receptors of lactate-susceptible patients with panic disorder are hypersensitive and that flumazenil can therefore act as an inverse agonist.
Synovial fluid concentrations of the C-propeptide of type II collagen correlate with body mass index in primary knee osteoarthritis
Authors: T. Kobayashi, Y. Yoshihara, A. Samura, H. Yamada, M. Shinmei, H. Roos, L S. Lohmander
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To explore in a cross sectional study in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) the relations between body mass index (BMI), disease stage, and the concentrations of a putative joint fluid marker of type II collagen synthesis, procollagen II C-propeptide. <h3>PATIENTS AND METHODS</h3> The study included 142 patients with knee OA (median age 68, median BMI 24.1). OA was staged radiologically. The concentrations in synovial fluid of procollagen II C-propeptide were measured by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Joint fluid concentrations of procollagen II C-propeptide were increased in knees with OA (median 3.7 ng/ml), compared with published reference values for knees in healthy adult volunteers (median 1.3 ng/ml). The concentrations of procollagen II C-propeptide were independently related to both OA stage and BMI (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.343, p &lt; 0.0001 and<i>r</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.253, p = 0.002, respectively). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Joint fluid concentrations of this putative marker of collagen II synthesis are high in early and mid-stage OA, but decrease in end stage disease. In addition and for the first time it was shown that the concentrations in synovial fluid of procollagen II C-propeptide increase with increasing BMI in primary knee OA. The increased joint fluid values of this marker in patients with primary knee OA and a high BMI, may reflect increased rates of collagen synthesis in their joint cartilage and could relate to the previously shown increased risk for disease progression in such patients.
No Rush to Judgment for Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Anita P. Courcoulas
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation and Adoptive Transfer of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Combined with Zidovudine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
Authors: H C Lane, K M Zunich, W Wilson, F Cefali, M Easter, J A Kovacs, H Masur, S F Leitman, H G Klein, R G Steis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To examine the role of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood lymphocyte infusions combined with zidovudine in the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design: A partially randomized outpatient trial. Setting: Outpatient and inpatient facility of the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health, a research-based referral facility. Patients: Sixteen patients with HIV infection (15 symptomatic, 1 asymptomatic). Interventions: Symptomatic patients were treated with zidovudine, 500 mg orally every 4 hours for 12 weeks, combined with six peripheral blood lymphocyte infusions (four at week 10, two at week 12) and bone marrow transplantation (at week 12) using HIV-seronegative identical twins as donors. After transplantation, patients were randomly assigned to receive either zidovudine, 100 mg every 4 hours, or placebo for 12 months. The asymptomatic patient received zidovudine for the first 12 weeks, discontinuing therapy after transplantation. Immunologic and virologie monitoring were done monthly. Measurements and Main Results: Immediately after lymphocyte infusions and bone marrow transplantation, there was an increase in the mean (± SE) CD4 cell percent (19.1% ± 3.1% to 28.1% ± 3.0%), an increase in the fraction of patients with delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to tetanus toxoid (4 of 13 to 11 of 13) and the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity to keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (a primary immunogen to which only the donor had been immunized) in 8 of 12 patients tested. No significant clinical improvement was noted, however, and there was no overall sustained immunologic improvement. No differences in CD4 cell percents, delayed-hypersensitivity skin tests, HIV cultures, or p24 antigenemia were seen between patients treated with zidovudine or placebo after transplantation. Conclusions: Although they establish the feasibility of combining zidovudine with cellular immune reconstitution in treating patients with HIV infection, our results show that any benefits from such combination therapy are at best transient. Future attempts at cellular immune reconstitution may need to use improved antiretroviral regimens as well as immunization of donors with HIVspecific antigens.
Population-Based Study of Natural Variation in the <i>Melanocortin-1 Receptor</i> Gene and Melanoma
Authors: Peter A. Kanetsky, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Amanda J. Hummer, Saarene Panossian, Bruce K. Armstrong, Anne Kricker, Loraine D. Marrett, Robert C. Millikan, Stephen B. Gruber, Hoda Anton Culver, Roberto Zanetti, Richard P. Gallagher, Terence Dwyer, Klaus Busam, Lynn From, Urvi Mujumdar, Homer Wilcox, Colin B. Begg, Marianne Berwick
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Natural variation in the coding region of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene is associated with constitutive pigmentation phenotypes and development of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. We investigated the effect of MC1R variants on melanoma using a large, international population-based study design with complete determination of all MC1R coding region variants. Direct sequencing was completed for 2,202 subjects with a single primary melanoma (controls) and 1,099 subjects with second or higher-order primary melanomas (cases) from Australia, the United States, Canada, and Italy. We observed 85 different MC1R variants, 10 of which occurred at a frequency &amp;gt;1%. Compared with controls, cases were more likely to carry two previously identified red hair (“R”) variants [D84E, R151C, R160W, and D294H; odds ratio (OR), 1.6; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1-2.2]. This effect was similar among individuals carrying one R variant and one r variant (defined as any non-R MC1R variant; OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3-2.2) and among those carrying only one R variant (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9). There was no statistically significant association among those carrying only one or two r variants. Effects were similar across geographic regions and categories of pigmentation characteristics or number of moles. Our results confirm that MC1R is a low-penetrance susceptibility locus for melanoma, show that pigmentation characteristics may not modify the relationship of MC1R variants and melanoma risk, and suggest that associations may be smaller than previously reported in part due to the study design. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(18): 9330-7)
Pemetrexed-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced, ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: A.T. Shaw, A.M. Varghese, B.J. Solomon, D.B. Costa, S. Novello, M. Mino-Kenudson, M.M. Awad, J.A. Engelman, G.J. Riely, V. Monica, B.Y. Yeap, G.V. Scagliotti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Screening for Sinister Causes of Hirsutism
Authors: T. Joseph McKenna
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Approximately 5 percent of women have hirsutism,1 and 40 to 60 percent of hirsute women have elevated serum androgen concentrations.2 More than 95 percent of women with hirsutism have the relatively benign conditions of idiopathic hirsutism or the polycystic ovary syndrome. Other, more sinister causes of hirsutism and menstrual disturbance include congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing's syndrome, and benign or malignant androgen-secreting adrenal or ovarian tumors. In this issue of the Journal, Derksen et al.3 report the results of a study that provides useful information concerning the identification of adrenal tumors in women with hirsutism.Fourteen women with hirsutism and adrenal . . .
Bone-targeted radium-223 in symptomatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase II study
Authors: Sten Nilsson, Lars Franzén, Christopher Parker, Christopher Tyrrell, René Blom, Jan Tennvall, Bo Lennernäs, Ulf Petersson, Dag C Johannessen, Michael Sokal, Katharine Pigott, Jeffrey Yachnin, Michael Garkavij, Peter Strang, Johan Harmenberg, Bjørg Bolstad, Øyvind S Bruland
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2007)
Chest Computed Tomography Scores of Severity Are Associated with Future Lung Disease Progression in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Don B. Sanders, Zhanhai Li, Alan S. Brody, Philip M. Farrell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: Most children with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience a slow decline in spirometry, although some children continue to be at risk for more significant lung disease progression. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans have been shown to be more sensitive to changes in lung disease than spirometry and may provide a means for predicting future lung disease progression.Objectives: We hypothesized that Brody chest CT scan scores obtained in 2000 in a prospectively monitored cohort of children with CF would be associated with the most recent measures of lung disease severity.Methods: Brody chest CT scan scores were calculated for 81 children enrolled in the Wisconsin CF Neonatal Screening Project. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine associations between Brody scores and the most recent (age 21 yr or June 30, 2010, whichever was later) measures of CF lung disease.Measurements and Main Results: The mean observation time after the chest CT scan was 7.5 years. Brody chest CT scan scores were significantly associated with the most recent measures of spirometry (P < 0.001) and Wisconsin and Brasfield chest radiograph scores (P < 0.001). The strength of this association was much stronger than spirometry obtained near the time of the chest CT scan (P < 0.01) but not chest radiograph scores.Conclusions: Chest CT scan scores are associated with future lung disease severity, and quantitative chest imaging (chest CT scan and chest radiograph scores) is more strongly associated with future lung disease severity than measures of spirometry. These findings may help clinicians identify patients at risk of future lung disease progression.
The Life and Times of Sir Charles Hastings
Authors: STANLEY S. B. GILDER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

lactic method developed in the Soviet Union and in France, the historical aspects of the subject are not neglected.The book begins with a survey of early and more recent applications ofhypnosis in childbirth.It goes on to a well-balanced and detailed account of the late Grantly Dick-Read's views, with the repercussions that his views had in many parts of the world.The main thesis is a description of the psycho- somatic method developed in the Soviet Union, based on Pavlov's work on conditioned reflexes.The application of this psychosomatic or psycho- prophylactic method in other centres, notably in France, is also dealt with in considerable detail.