tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P172 Fluticasone/salmeterol combination confers significant benefits in smoking asthmatics
Authors: K. L. Clearie, L. McKinlay, P. A. Williamson, P. Hopkinson, K. T. Meldrum, B. J. Lipworth
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Smoking is known to increase airway inflammation and induce relative resistance to of inhaled steroids. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding salmeterol to fluticasone (FPSM) versus doubling the dose of fluticasone (FP) in smoking and non-smoking asthmatics. <h3>Methods</h3> 16 non-smoking and 15 smoking asthmatics were randomised to completion in a double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. They received either FP/SM pMDI (125/25 mg) two puffs bid (+FP placebo) or active FP 250 mg pMDI two puffs bid (+FPSM placebo), for 2 weeks each, with baselines after 1–2 week run-in and wash-out periods. The primary outcome was change from baseline in methacholine PC<sub>20</sub>. <h3>Results</h3> In non-smokers there were similar improvements with FP and FPSM. Smokers demonstrated no change in methacholine PC<sub>20</sub> following treatment with FP, however FPSM conferred significant benefit: 1.6 doubling dilution (95% CI 1.0 to 2.2), p&lt;0.01. Smokers gained proportionally greater benefit from FPSM minus FP compared to smokers: 1.4dd (95% CI 0.01 to 2.8), p=0.047. Similar changes were observed in FEV<sub>1</sub> and IOS, and a similar but non-significant trend was seen with AHR to mannitol. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Combination FPSM confers greater improvements in AHR and airway caliber in smoking asthmatics, as compared to double the dose of FP alone. It is likely that in the face of the relative steroid resistance, the smooth muscle stabilisation conferred by SM becomes of greater clinical importance.
Abstract P4-03-04: Body Mass Index as a Predictive Factor of Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: M Bellet Ezquerra, JM Perez Garcia, E Muñoz Couselo, C SauraManich, P Gomez Pardo, M Vidal, G Argiles, L De Mattos, J Cortes Castan, J. Baselga Torres
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Obesity has been associated with worse pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and overall outcome in breast cancer patients (pts). Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate body mass index (BMI) as a predictive factor of pCR to NACT in pts treated at our institution, taking into account tumor HER2 status and CT dose adjustment. Pts and methods: Pts with invasive breast cancer who received NACT followed by surgery at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital from January 2004 to December 2008 were analyzed. Pts were categorized as normal/underweight (BMI &amp;lt; 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI of 25 to &amp;lt; 30 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). The overweight and obese groups were combined (BMI-high) and then compared with the normal/underweight group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between BMI and pCR (no invasive tumor in breast and nodes). Results: 256 consecutive pts were included. Median age was 52.5 years. According to BMI, 38.7% were normal/underweight and 59.4% were BMI-high. 23.4% of the pts had HER2 positive tumors (n=60), 84% received anthracyclines-and taxanes-based CT, and 46.6% of the HER2 positive pts were treated with trastuzumab. Drug dose was reduced in only five pts with a body surface area &amp;gt; 2m2. No statistically significant association was found between BMI and any tumor characteristics. In the univariate analysis, BMI-high was associated with worse pCR in the whole population (p=0.017), as well as in HER2 positive pts (p=0.013). In the multivariate analysis, BMI did not significantly predict pCR in the total population, although a trend was observed (p=0.098). In the HER2 positive subgroup, however, BMI was an independent predictive factor of pCR (p=0.001). Among luminal A [estrogen receptor positive and/or progesterone receptor positive and (Ki67 &amp;lt; 20% and histological grade 1 or 2)], luminal B [estrogen receptor positive and/or progesterone receptor positive and (Ki67 ≥20% or histological grade 3)], and triple negative tumors, BMI was not a predictive factor of pCR. Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher BMI is likely associated with worse pCR, particularly in HER2 positive pts. A better understanding of the molecular links between obesity and breast cancer is necessary to identify new predictive factors of pCR to NACT. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-04.
Assessment of the Impact of a 100% Smoke-Free Ordinance on Restaurant Sales—West Lake Hills, Texas, 1992-1994
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SP0051 Accessing specialist care for rare and complex RMD’s
Authors: K. Lerstrom
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

People who responded to the patient-driven survey “Living with Lupus”/Lupus European Online in 2010 told that the most bother of having the disease was pain in muscles and joints and fatigue. Both these problems can be extremely difficult to communicate to the specialist when they are without any physical markings or subject to special lab results. They are diffuse and not easily measurable yet experienced by resp. 90% and 83% of lupus patients. Rare and complex RMD can be hard to diagnose and then next step for the patient is to be admitted for consultation and treatments with a specialist trained and experienced in this particular disease. Having a rare and/or complex RMD is typically also a condition with various other disease manifestations involving more than one other medical field than rheumatology. Care can be understood from three different points – the medical view, the physical options for attending clinic and treatment services and finally the psychological aspect. Recent studies have shed some light on these issues and some of these finding will be presented taking onset in lupus and show the patient’s view on access, specialist and care. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Absorption of Polyglutamic Folate: Participation of Deconjugating Enzymes of the Intestinal Mucosa
Authors: Irwin H. Rosenberg, Richard R. Streiff, Herman A. Godwin, Wlliam B. Castle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

A rise in the serum level of free folate in man follows the ingestion of conjugated folate purified from yeast. Everted sacs of rat intestine release folate from conjugate, and homogenates of intestinal mucosa of man and rat contain enzyme (or enzymes) capable of releasing free folate from conjugated folate. We suggest that these enzymes of the intestinal mucosa participate in the absorption of folate from the peptide conjugates that predominate in the human diet.
PTH-057 A Study Of Non-respondents’ Perspectives Of The Barriers Affecting Bowel Cancer Screening Uptake In Wales For The Purposes Of Informing Programme Delivery And Management Of Screening
Authors: N Avery, S Darwin
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Decreasing participation levels in the Welsh bowel screening programme are cause for concern for Bowel Screening Wales (BSW) and the Welsh Government. BSW, the population screening programme was launched in 2008 and was the first home-testing screening programme in Wales. The programme has successfully detected almost 700 cancers and identified a significant number of polyps for removal that may have otherwise developed into cancer. Despite this, participation in the programme has declined and was 52% during the last quarter of 2011/2012. <h3>Methods</h3> The research aimed to seek the views of those who have not responded to their latest invitation to participate in bowel cancer screening (BCS). Methodology for the study included development of a questionnaire based around behavioural theories and qualitative interviews. The research was conducted using a mixed-methods design with a postal questionnaire to BCS non-respondents (quantitative) and semi-structured interviews with non-respondents and screening professionals (qualitative). These methods probed into attitudes and beliefs to find out to what extent these traits influenced behaviour. The research was also combined with a literature review. The questionnaires were randomly sent to 988 participants with a 3 week deadline given for completion and return. In total 101 questionnaires were returned, 9 were not useable either because the individuals had other arrangements in place (like private healthcare) or declined to participate. 7 semi-structured telephone interviews were also undertaken with responders to the questionnaire who agreed to contact, together with service providers. The data from questionnaires was analysed for emerging themes and issues. <h3>Results</h3> Findings show a wide range of factors preventing participation and that a ‘one size fits all’ approach to increasing uptake is unlikely to work. The evidence from primary and secondary research points to tailored interventions being a more effective approach. The findings from the questionnaire indicated a reasonable level of knowledge about the disease and its signs and symptoms. However, when tested during interviews, the responses showed that awareness levels were poor. Qualitative responses suggested that upfront key messages about the diseases prevalence and the benefits of early detection were needed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Based on the research undertaken, the following recommendations were made to increase the uptake of the screening programme: Raise levels of awareness of bowel cancer and the screening programme; review information to ensure upfront key messages and have sufficient information about the balance of harms and benefits to make an informed choice: pilot a range of small-scale process changes, particularly to the reminder processes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Richard Kay, Ka Sing Wong, Yuk Ling Yu, Yuk Wah Chan, Tak Hong Tsoi, Anil T. Ahuja, Fu Luk chan, Ka Yeung Fong, Chun Bong Law, Agatha Wong, Jean Woo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Despite doubts about their efficacy and concern about their safety, antithrombotic agents are often used to treat acute ischemic stroke. Recent experience in patients with other thromboembolic disorders suggests that low-molecular-weight heparin, which requires only subcutaneous administration once or twice daily, may be more effective and safer than standard (unfractionated) heparin.
Mutant p53 in concert with an interleukin‐27 receptor alpha deficiency causes spontaneous liver inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis in mice
Authors: Denada Dibra, Xueqing Xia, Abhisek Mitra, Jeffry J. Cutrera, Guillermina Lozano, Shulin Li
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

The cellular and molecular etiology of unresolved chronic liver inflammation remains obscure. Whereas mutant p53 has gain-of-function properties in tumors, the role of this protein in liver inflammation is unknown. Herein, mutant p53(R172H) is mechanistically linked to spontaneous and sustained liver inflammation and steatosis when combined with the absence of interleukin-27 (IL27) signaling (IL27RA), resembling the phenotype observed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients. Indeed, these mice develop, with age, hepatocyte necrosis, immune cell infiltration, fibrosis, and micro- and macrosteatosis; however, these phenotypes are absent in mutant p53(R172H) or IL27RA(-/-) mice. Mechanistically, endothelin A receptor (ETAR)-positive macrophages are highly accumulated in the inflamed liver, and chemical inhibition of ETAR signaling reverses the observed phenotype and negatively regulates mutant p53 levels in macrophages.The combination of mutant p53 and IL27RA(-/-) causes spontaneous liver inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis in vivo, whereas either gene alone in vivo has no effects on the liver.
Estrogen and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Mark Clemons, Paul Goss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The connection between breast cancer and estrogen has been recognized for more than 100 years, since George Beatson demonstrated that bilateral oophorectomy resulted in the remission of breast cancer in premenopausal women.1 Subsequent evidence has implicated both endogenous and exogenous estrogen in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this article, we review the relation between estrogen and the risk of breast cancer.Estrogen and Breast CarcinogenesisExperimental data strongly suggest that estrogens have a role in the development and growth of breast cancer.2 Although the exact mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, the alkylation of cellular molecules and the generation . . .
Identification and Control of a Poliomyelitis Outbreak in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Hui-Ming Luo, Yong Zhang, Xin-Qi Wang, Wen-Zhou Yu, Ning Wen, Dong-Mei Yan, Hua-Qing Wang, Fuerhati Wushouer, Hai-Bo Wang, Ai-Qiang Xu, Jing-Shan Zheng, De-Xin Li, Hui Cui, Jian-Ping Wang, Shuang-Li Zhu, Zi-Jian Feng, Fu-Qiang Cui, Jing Ning, Li-Xin Hao, Chun-Xiang Fan, Gui-Jun Ning, Hong-Jie Yu, Shi-Wen Wang, Da-Wei Liu, Dong-Yan Wang, Jian-Ping Fu, Ai-li Gou, Guo-Min Zhang, Guo-Hong Huang, Yuan-Sheng Chen, Sha-Sha Mi, Yan-Min Liu, Da-Peng Yin, Hui Zhu, Xin-Chun Fan, Xin-Lan Li, Yi-Xin Ji, Ke-Li Li, Hai-Shu Tang, Wen-Bo Xu, Yu Wang, Wei-Zhong Yang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The last case of infection with wild-type poliovirus indigenous to China was reported in 1994, and China was certified as a poliomyelitis-free region in 2000. In 2011, an outbreak of infection with imported wild-type poliovirus occurred in the province of Xinjiang.We conducted an investigation to guide the response to the outbreak, performed sequence analysis of the poliovirus type 1 capsid protein VP1 to determine the source, and carried out serologic and coverage surveys to assess the risk of viral propagation. Surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis was intensified to enhance case ascertainment.Between July 3 and October 9, 2011, investigators identified 21 cases of infection with wild-type poliovirus and 23 clinically compatible cases in southern Xinjiang. Wild-type poliovirus type 1 was isolated from 14 of 673 contacts of patients with acute flaccid paralysis (2.1%) and from 13 of 491 healthy persons who were not in contact with affected persons (2.6%). Sequence analysis implicated an imported wild-type poliovirus that originated in Pakistan as the cause of the outbreak. A public health emergency was declared in Xinjiang after the outbreak was confirmed. Surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis was enhanced, with daily reporting from all public and private hospitals. Five rounds of vaccination with live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) were conducted among children and adults, and 43 million doses of OPV were administered. Trivalent OPV was used in three rounds, and monovalent OPV type 1 was used in two rounds. The outbreak was stopped 1.5 months after laboratory confirmation of the index case.The 2011 outbreak in China showed that poliomyelitis-free countries remain at risk for outbreaks while the poliovirus circulates anywhere in the world. Global eradication of poliomyelitis will benefit all countries, even those that are currently free of poliomyelitis.
GPs' income has fallen 16% in real terms since 2004-05
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The income of GPs in the United Kingdom has fallen 16% in real terms since the new General Medical Services (GMS) contract was introduced in 2004-05, official figures show.

Analysis by the NHS Health and Social Care Information Centre shows that in 2011-12 the average income of contractor GPs before tax was £103 000 (€122 000; $165 000), a drop of 1.1 % on 2010-11.1 In real terms, GPs’ income fell 2.1% a year on average from 2004-05 to 2011-12.

GPs’ average income before tax in 2004-05 was £100 170. In real terms, this would be equivalent to a …
Abstract P4-01-11: Clinical Findings and Outcomes from MRI Staging of Breast Cancer in a Diverse Population
Authors: A Raghavendra, L Ji, C Ricker, S Tang, TD Church, L Larsen, P Sheth, R Sposto, S Sener, D Tripathy
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Staging breast MRI can detect occult breast cancers in 1–10% of newly diagnosed patients. The performance of MRI, impact of patient factors, and resulting surgical management in underserved and diverse populations has not been well studied. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with newly diagnosed in situ or invasive breast cancer (2006–2011) who had a preoperative staging MRI seen at our Centers that cares for an underserved and minority population. IRB approval was obtained to extract demographic and clinicopathological data, imaging studies and surgical treatment. Non-index lesions (NIL) were defined as those in breast or axillary nodes not known to be malignant or presenting with clinical, mammographic or ultrasound findings, in a different quadrant and given an MRI BIRADS score of 4 or 5. Occult cancers (OC) were those lesions found by biopsy or surgery to be invasive or in situ cancer. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between the probability of a NIL or OC and patients characteristics. Statistical computation was performed using STATA. Results: Among 678 patients, 144 (21%) had a total of 171 NIL identified by MRI; 67 (9.8%) were ipsilateral, 44 (6.5%) contralateral and 24(3.5%)axillary nodes. 57 patients (8.4%) had a total of 62 OCs detected −34 (5%) ipsilateral, 8(1.2%) contralateral, and 9(1.3%) axillary nodes of which 49 (7.2%) were invasive and 8 (1.2%) in situ. 40% of patients with NILs were confirmed as OCs. Analyses showed that age was marginally significantly associated with the probability of having OC(OR = 1.5 for each 10 years increase, p = 0.080). Patients with no BRCA mutation had significantly higher chance of having NILs tested with MRI (p = 0.003), but the probability of having OC did not significantly differ between those tested. Ipsilateral compared to contralateral NILs had a 4-fold higher chance of being OCs(p &amp;lt; 0.001). For NILs (n = 157), 59 (37.6%) underwent biopsy, 11 (7%) biopsy followed by lumpectomy, 10(6.4%) had lumpectomy, 24 (15.3%) mastectomy, 15 (9.6%) biopsy followed by mastectomy and (15)9.6% node dissection. Amongst OCs (n = 62) 6 (3.8%) underwent biopsy, 6 (3.8%) biopsy followed by lumpectomy, 6 (3.8%) lumpectomy, 20(12.7%) mastectomy, 12 (7.6%) had biopsy followed by mastectomy and 10 (6.4 %) node dissection. Conclusions: In this diverse population, staging MRI detected NILs and OC in 21% and 8.4% of patients, respectively. Laterality and age seemed to be associated with chance of having OC. Interestingly, none of the OCs detected were among the known 32 mutation carriers. MRI staging appears to identify OC to an equal extent in a largely Hispanic and younger underserved population as reported in the literature for populations of mostly insured patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-11.
Abstract LB-37: Inducible knockout of GRP78/BiP in the hematopoietic system suppresses Pten-null leukemogenesis and AKT oncogenic signaling
Authors: Shiuan Wey, Biquan Luo, Min Ni, Hui Zhou, Yong Fu, Deepa Bhojwani, William L. Carroll, Amy S. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Traditionally GRP78 is regarded as protective against hypoxia and nutrient starvation prevalent in the microenvironment of solid tumors, thus, its role in hematologic malignancies remains to be determined. In this study, elevated GRP78 expression was detected in leukemic blasts of adult patients, leukemia cell lines and inversely correlates with time to relapse in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. To directly elucidate the requirement of GRP78 in leukemogenesis, we created a biallelic conditional knockout mouse model of GRP78 and PTEN in the hematopoietic system. Strikingly, heterozygous knockdown of GRP78 in PTEN null mice is sufficient to restore the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population back to the normal percentage and suppress leukemic blast cell expansion. AKT/mTOR activation in PTEN null bone marrow cells is potently inhibited by Grp78 heterozygosity, corresponding with suppression of AKT phosphorylation by GRP78 knockdown in leukemia cell lines. This is the first demonstration that GRP78 is a critical effector of leukemia progression, at least in part through control of oncogenic AKT/mTOR signaling. Furthermore, overexpression of GRP78 renders human leukemic cells more resistant to AraC-induced apoptosis whereas knockdown of GRP78 sensitizes them, suggesting GRP78 is a novel potent therapeutic target for leukemia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-37. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-37
Frequency of HPV Infection and EGFR, MAPK Pathway, and PIK3CA Mutation Profiles in SCC of the Cervical Esophagus
Authors: F. Masaru, K. Kato, S. Iwasa, Y. Honma, A. Takashima, T. Hamaguchi, Y. Yamada, Y. Shimada, Y. Ito, H. Taniguchi, Y. Tachimori
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)