tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gestational Influenza and Bipolar Disorder in Adult Offspring
Authors: Raveen Parboosing, Yuanyuan Bao, Ling Shen, Catherine A. Schaefer, Alan S. Brown
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Gestational influenza has been associated previously with schizophrenia in offspring, but the relationship between this exposure and bipolar disorder (BD) is unclear. The identification of gestational influenza as a risk factor for BD may have potential for preventive approaches.To test the hypothesis that maternal influenza during pregnancy is related to BD among offspring.Nested case-control study of a population-based birth cohort from the Child Health and Development Study (CHDS). From January 1, 1959, through December 31, 1966, the CHDS recruited nearly all pregnant women receiving obstetric care from the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Plan, Northern California Region (KPNC). Data on treated maternal influenza from the CHDS were used. Potential cases with BD from the cohort were identified by database linkages of identifiers among the CHDS, Kaiser Permanente database, and a large county health care database; by a mailed questionnaire to the CHDS cohort with subsequent interviews; and from an earlier psychiatric follow-up study on this birth cohort.The CHDS, Kaiser Permanente, and county health care databases.Cases of BD (n = 92) confirmed by structured research interviews and consensus diagnosis among the 214 subjects (48% of those ascertained) who participated and control subjects (n = 722) matched on date of birth, sex, and membership in KPNC or residence in Alameda County.Influenza.Bipolar I or II disorder, BD not otherwise specified, or BD with psychotic features.We found a significant, nearly 4-fold increase in the risk of BD (odds ratio, 3.82 [95% CI, 1.58-9.24; P = .003]) after exposure to maternal influenza at any time during pregnancy. The findings were not confounded by maternal age, race, educational level, gestational age at birth, and maternal psychiatric disorders.Maternal influenza may be a risk factor for BD. Although replication is required, the findings suggest that prevention of maternal influenza during pregnancy may reduce the risk of BD.
Reye's Syndrome Associated With Long-term Aspirin Therapy
Authors: Richard S. K. Young
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Reye's syndrome has been infrequently described in children receiving long-term salicylate therapy. We report the clinical and laboratory findings of two children in whom Reye's syndrome developed while taking salicylates for systemic inflammatory disorders. Monitoring of hepatocellular function should be considered in children who are receiving long-term salicylate therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:754-756)
Repetitive Sequences in the Crocodilian Mitochondrial Control Region: Poly-A Sequences and Heteroplasmic Tandem Repeats
Authors: David A Ray, Llewellyn D Densmore
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Heteroplasmic tandem repeats in the mitochondrial control region have been documented in a wide variety of vertebrate species. We have examined the control region from 11 species in the family Crocodylidae and identified two different types of heteroplasmic repetitive sequences in the conserved sequence block (CSB) domain-an extensive poly-A tract that appears to be involved in the formation of secondary structure and a series of tandem repeats located downstream ranging from approximately 50 to approximately 80 bp in length. We describe this portion of the crocodylian control region in detail and focus on members of the family Crocodylidae. We then address the origins of the tandemly repeated sequences in this family and suggest hypotheses to explain possible mechanisms of expansion/contraction of the sequences. We have also examined control region sequences from Alligator and Caiman and offer hypotheses for the origin of tandem repeats found in those taxa. Finally, we present a brief analysis of intraindividual and interindividual haplotype variation by examining representatives of Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii).
Standard versus pH-adjusted and lidocaine supplemented radiocolloid for patients undergoing sentinel-lymph-node mapping and biopsy for early breast cancer (PASSION-P trial): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Alexander Stojadinovic, George E Peoples, Jennifer S Jurgens, Robin S Howard, Brandi Schuyler, Kyung H Kwon, Leonard R Henry, Craig D Shriver, Chester C Buckenmaier
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2009)
Attempts at measuring pulmonary arterial pressure by means of Doppler echocardiography in patients with chronic lung disease
Authors: A Torbicki, K Skwarski, I Hawrylkiewicz, T Pasierski, Z Miskiewicz, J Zielinski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

In 72 patients with severe chronic pulmonary or pulmonary vascular disease pulmonary arterial pressure was measured by means of right heart catheterization. Forty three patients had pulmonary hypertension, (32 +/- 11 mmHg) and 27 patients had normal pressure (14 +/- 3 mmHg). These patients were examined with continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave (PW) Doppler echocardiography. The retrograde systolic tricuspid valve pressure gradient assessed with CW Doppler correlated with systolic pulmonary pressure (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001, SEE 7.7 mmHg) but was measurable in only 17 of the 70 patients. The flow velocity pattern in the right ventricular outflow tract could be recorded in 68 of the 70 patients. Acceleration time (AcT) from systolic flow onset to peak velocity correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.72, p less than 0.001, SEE 8.3 mmHg). An AcT less than 90 msec had an 84% positive predictive value for pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular isovolumic relaxation time could be measured in 59 of the 70 patients and correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001, SEE 12.4 mmHg). No single Doppler method is at the same time easily applicable and accurate in prediction of pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with chronic lung diseases.
A 3-year prospective study on serum tumor markers used for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Rolf Hultcrantz, Rolf Olsson, Åke Danielsson, Gunnar Järnerot, Lars Lööf, Bengt Olof Ryden, Brita Wahren, Ulrika Broomé
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Long-Term Effectiveness Of Omalizumab Treatment In Thai Severe Asthmatic Patients: A Real-Life Experience
Authors: Orapan Poachanukoon, Theerasak Kawamatawong, Atik Saengasapaviriya, Chanchai Sittipunt, Hiroshi Chantaphakul, Kittipong Maneechotesuwan, Pintip Ngamchanyaporn, Kunchit Piyavechviratana, Apichart Khanisap, Siwasak Juthong, Warangkana Rithirak, Chaicharn Pothirat, Watchara Boonsawat
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Adjuvant oral clodronate improves the overall survival of primary breast cancer patients with micrometastases to the bone marrow—a long-term follow-up
Authors: I.J. Diel, A. Jaschke, E.F. Solomayer, C. Gollan, G. Bastert, C. Sohn, F. Schuetz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
Peripheral airway stenting. Is it worth the effort? Clinical experience with self-expandable metal stents
Authors: Roberto Marchese, Giuseppe Paglino, Grazia Poidomani, Giovanni Di Giacomo, Marcella Dabbene
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Endobronchial stents have a clear role in the palliation of patients with malignant central airway obstruction, but peripheral (lobar) airway obstruction is still a debatable indication for stenting. However dispnea or more frequently post-obstructive pneumonia, seriously interferes with the administration of additional treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, usually when tumor of the left upper lobe may impairs the lower lobe bronchus's patency. We report our experience with self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) in patients with symptomatic neoplastic stenosis in which eleven patients had a stenosis confined to a lower lobe bronchus.

Methods: Between May 2010 and August 2012, 31 SEMSs were implanted in 29 patients with malignant (n=28) tracheobronchial strictures and broncho-oesophageal fistula (n=1). Barthel Index (BI), MRC scale and a four points endoscopic score for the degree of secretions accumulated were used in follow up evaluations at day 1, 30 days, 3 and 6 moths post stent placement.

Results. Stent deployment was successful in all patients without procedure related complications with immediate significant improvement of symptoms (BI p<0,001;MRC p<0,001). The mean follow-up duration was 150 dys ± SD 53. Overall stent-related complications were seen in 16,2 % of patients.

Conclusions: We suggest that stenting of peripheral airways should be performed early to prevent the infective event. Furthermore the amount of recovered lung tissue consequent to stent placement is clinically and radiologically significant.
Advances and Current Themes in Occupational Health and Environmental Public Health Surveillance
Authors: Jeffrey D. Shire, Gary M. Marsh, Evelyn O. Talbott, Ravi K. Sharma
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2011)

The essential purpose of public health surveillance is to monitor important health outcomes and risk factors and provide actionable information to practitioners, policy makers, researchers, and the public to prevent or ameliorate exposure, disease, and death. Although separate 1970s-era acts of Congress made possible the creation of modern occupational health and environmental public health surveillance, these acts also led to fragmented responsibilities and unconnected data across federal agencies. Having a well-defined purpose for systematically collecting relevant data is key, and state and local programs play a crucial role in conducting meaningful surveillance and connecting it with evidence-based outreach and interventions. Congress has directed monies to environmental public health surveillance and capacity has improved, yet no analagous funding has occurred to address the fragmentation found within occupational health surveillance. This article provides a review of the advances and important themes within occupational health and environmental public health surveillance over the past decade.
HLA class II is associated with distal interphalangeal osteoarthritis
Authors: N Riyazi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

To investigate whether there is an association between HLA class II and distal interphalangeal osteoarthritis (DIP OA).The study group consisted of consecutive patients with and without DIP OA aged between 40 and 70 years. DIP OA was diagnosed by radiology. These patients were referred to an "Early Arthritis Clinic" (EAC) with different types of arthritis at an early stage. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, spondyloarthropathies, and psoriatic arthritis were excluded for the purpose of this study. DNA typing for HLA-DR and x ray examination of the hands were performed at enrollment in the EAC. To establish whether the study group was representative of the Dutch population, a population based study in Zoetermeer (n=3243) for the prevalence of DIP OA and blood donors in the Leiden area (n=2400) for the HLA-DR antigen frequencies were used as references.Fifty five patients (33%) of the total study group (n=166) had DIP OA. The prevalence of DIP OA and frequency of the HLA-DR alleles were similar to those of the two reference groups. Within the study group an association between DIP OA and HLA-DR2 and DR4 with respectively odds ratios of 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 5.0) and 0.3 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.7) was found. No association was found between other HLA-DR alleles and DIP OA.The study group is a representative sample of the Dutch population. The HLA-DR2 allele was more common in patients with DIP OA. Furthermore, an inverse relation was observed between DIP OA and HLA-DR4. The results confirm findings from other investigations implicating HLA-DR2 as a risk factor in the development of DIP OA.
Direct evidence for the role of caveolin-1 and caveolae in mechanotransduction and remodeling of blood vessels
Authors: J. Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Caveolae in endothelial cells have been implicated as plasma membrane microdomains that sense or transduce hemodynamic changes into biochemical signals that regulate vascular function. Therefore we compared long- and short-term flow-mediated mechanotransduction in vessels from WT mice, caveolin-1 knockout (Cav-1 KO) mice, and Cav-1 KO mice reconstituted with a transgene expressing Cav-1 specifically in endothelial cells (Cav-1 RC mice). Arterial remodeling during chronic changes in flow and shear stress were initially examined in these mice. Ligation of the left external carotid for 14 days to lower blood flow in the common carotid artery reduced the lumen diameter of carotid arteries from WT and Cav-1 RC mice. In Cav-1 KO mice, the decrease in blood flow did not reduce the lumen diameter but paradoxically increased wall thickness and cellular proliferation. In addition, in isolated pressurized carotid arteries, flow-mediated dilation was markedly reduced in Cav-1 KO arteries compared with those of WT mice. This impairment in response to flow was rescued by reconstituting Cav-1 into the endothelium. In conclusion, these results showed that endothelial Cav-1 and caveolae are necessary for both rapid and long-term mechanotransduction in intact blood vessels.
Pulmonary arterial enlargement and acute exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Henrietta Creasy
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Pulmonary arterial enlargement and acute exacerbations of COPDThis multicentre observational trial used data from the COPDGene Study to investigate whether pulmonary vascular disease is associated with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Although severe pulmonary hypertension is a well recognised late complication of the disease, the study questioned whether earlier radiological changes could be used as a predictor for exacerbations.CT was used to provide a measure of pulmonary artery (PA) enlargement, using the ratio of PA diameter as compared with the diameter of the aorta (A).The study population included 3464 patients with a diagnosis of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage II-IV COPD.These patients were longitudinally followed up for a median duration of 2.1years, as was an external validation cohort from the US ECLIPSE trial.Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between those with PA enlargement (PA:A ratio >1) and a history of severe exacerbations at enrolment.The association with future severe exacerbations was also significant, as was that of the external validation cohort.This study is limited by its observational design as a casual relationship between an elevated PA:A ratio and severe exacerbations cannot be conferred.The results do however suggest that CT-detected PA enlargement can be used as a predictor of future acute exacerbations of COPD.These study findings have clear clinical significance as not only has an elevated PA:A ratio as a predictor of exacerbations outperformed many other established risk factors but it uses routine imaging to provide this calculation.
Carcinoma in situ and early invasive carcinoma of the bronchus
Authors: M. K. Mason, J. W. Jordan
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Ten patients are described who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy and were shown to have a bronchial carcinoma in situ or early invasive carcinoma. The diagnosis was generally made only by histological examination following resection. The lesions were all squamous in type. It is probably uncommon for such lesions to be multifocal at any one time and following removal they carry a good prognosis. However, we think that these patients have a much increased chance of subsequently developing further squamous bronchial carcinomas in the remaining lung tissue, and so a prolonged follow-up over many years is desirable. In our series, these early lesions were present in only 2·0% of all resections for lung cancer. A group of patients with such early tumours present with disproportionately severe radiographic changes, as there is a papillary lesion producing bronchial obstruction, and so the lesion appears clinically to be more advanced than it really is. A pre-operative diagnosis of carcinoma in situ is more likely in the other group of patients without obstruction, who are heavy smokers, are chronic bronchitics, and are having repeated small haemoptyses. This group presents a problem in management and requires careful observation. Investigations for finding early lesions include regular cytological examination of the sputum, followed by bronchoscopy in an attempt to localize the lesion if cytology is positive. Lobectomy or pneumonectomy should be undertaken when the site is established.
Declining Mortality in Patients with Acute Renal Failure, 1988 to 2002
Authors: Sushrut S. Waikar, Gary C. Curhan, Ron Wald, Ellen P. McCarthy, Glenn M. Chertow
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Despite improvements in intensive care and dialysis, some experts have concluded that outcomes associated with acute renal failure (ARF) have not improved significantly over time. ARF was studied in hospitalized patients between 1988 and 2002 using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative sample of discharges from acute-care, nonfederal hospitals. During a 15-yr period, 5,563,381 discharges with ARF and 598,768 with ARF that required dialysis (ARF-D) were identified. Between 1988 and 2002, the incidence of ARF rose from 61 to 288 per 100,000 population; the incidence of ARF-D increased from 4 to 27 per 100,000 population. Between 1988 and 2002, in-hospital mortality declined steadily in patients with ARF (40.4 to 20.3%; P < 0.001) and in those with ARF-D (41.3 to 28.1%; P < 0.001). Compared with 1988 to 1992, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death was lower in 1993 to 1997 (ARF: OR 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61 to 0.64; ARF-D: OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.66) and 1998 to 2002 (ARF: OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.41; ARF-D: OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.50). The percentage of patients who had ARF with a Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index of 3 or more increased from 16.4% in 1988 to 26.6% in 2002 (P < 0.001). This study provides evidence from an administrative database that the incidence of ARF and ARF-D is rising. Despite an increase in the degree of comorbidity, in-hospital mortality has declined.
Editorial: <i>Prg4</i>‐Expressing Cells: Articular Stem Cells or Differentiated Progeny in the Articular Chondrocyte Lineage?
Authors: Véronique Lefebvre, Pallavi Bhattaram
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Articular cartilage protects opposing bone extremities in diarthrodial joints in the form of a highly resilient, shock-absorbing cushion lined with a well-lubricated surface. Built during development, it undergoes limited turnover in adulthood and responds poorly to the various environmental and genetic adverse conditions that it can be subjected to in a lifetime. Consequently, damage to the tissue is generally irreversible and becomes gradually worse, leading to common joint degenerative diseases collectively referred to as osteoarthritis (1). These diseases can cause severe joint pain, deformation, and incapacitation. Intense research efforts have therefore been deployed over the last decades to decipher mechanisms that underlie articular cartilage development, adult maintenance and degeneration, and to discover ways to prevent osteoarthritis and regenerate healthy joints (2–4). Recent findings have further stimulated these efforts by eliciting hope that articular stem cells (ASCs) may be present or inducible in adult joints and could thus be used to design efficient cell-based therapies (5–8) Some studies have pinpointed ASCs in the superficial layers of articular cartilage by exploiting cell quiescence (very slow cycling), a defining property of stem cells, and others have proposed the existence of ASCs in articular cartilage, synovium and intrapatellar fad pad surfaces based on the ability of cells to express mesenchymal markers in vivo and to undergo chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. Lineage-tracing experiments in the mouse using a Gdf5Cre transgene along with a Rosa26floxlacZ CRE recombinase reporter have demonstrated that articular chondrocytes and other joint cell types arise during development from a common pool of mesenchymal progenitors and that these progenitors are distinct from those for growth plate chondrocytes and endochondral bone osteoblasts (9,10). It is thus believed that some of these embryonic joint progenitors may persist as ASCs in adult articular tissues. However, since this Gdf5Cre/Rosa26floxlacZ genetic strategy activates lacZ expression in all embryonic joint precursor cells and transmits this property to all daughter cells for life, it has not allowed addressing a number of important questions, such as the following: do joint surface-lubricating cells and articular chondrocytes arise as independent lineages from joint progenitors or do joint surface-lubricating cells give rise to articular chondrocytes? An elegant study published in this issue of Arthritis and Rheumatology by the Harvard University groups of Andrew Lassar and Matthew Warman describes a novel lineage-tracing strategy that will greatly help answer such questions and that already starts tackling some of them (11).
Injury in elite New Zealand cricketers 2002–2008: descriptive epidemiology
Authors: Warren Leonard Frost, David John Chalmers
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Objective To describe the incidence, prevalence, nature and severity of injury to elite New Zealand cricketers for the 2002/2003 to 2007/2008 seasons. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Elite cricket in New Zealand. Participants 248 elite male cricketers. Main outcome measures Incidence and prevalence rates. Results The overall match injury incidence rate for the international competition (51.6 injuries per 10 000 player-hours; 95% CI 40.1 to 65.3) was almost twice that of the domestic competition (27.2; 23.5 to 31.4). The prevalence rate for the international competition (12%; 11.3% to 12.8%) was significantly higher than that for the domestic competition (9.7%; 9.4% to 10.1%). Overall, 79.5% of injuries occurred in matches and 48.7% of all injuries were sustained while bowling. The lower limb was the body region most commonly injured (43.5%), the most common specific diagnosis was hamstring strains/tears (11.1%) and the injuries contributing the highest proportion of match days lost were stress fractures to the low back (22%). Conclusions The findings of this study support ongoing injury surveillance in New Zealand and other test cricket playing nations for the purpose of describing injury and monitoring the effect of interventions over time.