tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tissue chimerism in systemic lupus erythematosus is related to injury
Authors: I. C L Kremer Hovinga, M. Koopmans, H. J Baelde, E. de Heer, J. A Bruijn, I. M Bajema
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Chimerism indicates the presence of cells from one individual in another individual, and has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Although this finding may point towards a role for chimerism in the induction of SLE, it could also indicate that chimerism is the result of repair mechanisms after injury.To perform a post-mortem investigation for the presence of chimerism in 48 organs from seven women with SLE and establish whether there was a relationship between chimerism and injury.Chimeric male cells in female tissue specimens were identified by in situ hybridisation of the Y-chromosome. Organs were categorised into four different groups according to injury experienced.were compared with those for unaffected control organs. Results: Chimerism was found in all seven patients with SLE. Y-chromosome-positive cells were present in 24 of 48 organs from women with SLE, which was significantly more than in control organs (p<0.001). Chimerism occurred more often in organs from patients with SLE who had experienced injury than in normal control organs, irrespective of whether the injury experienced was SLE-related, non-SLE-related or both.This is the first report of the distribution of chimerism in a large number of organs from women with SLE. It shows that the occurrence of chimerism is related to injury. The data support the hypothesis that tissue chimerism is the result of a repair process.
Neuropsychological Differences Between First-Admission Schizophrenia and Psychotic Affective Disorders
Authors: R Mojtabai, E J Bromet, P D Harvey, G A Carlson, T J Craig, S Fennig
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The study compared the neuropsychological functioning of patients with first-admission schizophrenia with that of patients with first-admission psychotic affective disorders. METHOD: Data came from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project, an epidemiological study of first-admission psychotic disorders. Subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (N=102) and psychotic affective disorders, including bipolar disorder with psychotic features (N=72) and major depressive disorder with psychotic features (N=49), were compared on a battery of neuropsychological tests administered 2 years after the index admission. RESULTS: Subjects with schizophrenia performed worse than those with the psychotic affective disorders, even after adjusting the results for differences in demographic characteristics and general intellectual functioning. The most consistent differences were on tests of attention, concentration, and mental tracking. The two psychotic affective disorder groups were indistinguishable in performance on the neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSIONS: Even early in its course, schizophrenia is distinguishable from psychotic affective disorders by global and specific neuropsychological deficits. These deficits might contribute to the disability and poor outcome associated with schizophrenia in the mid- and long-term course.
THE CHEMOSEROTHERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION
Authors: Henry F. Moore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. A single small dose of ethylhydrocuprein (optochin base), which by itself has practically no protective effect against experimental pneumococcal infection in mice, is capable of increasing the threshold value of the type homologous antipneumococcus serum at least fifty times. 2. This effect is proportionately many times greater than a simple summation of the protective effects of these two bodies. 3. No such effect is obtained when the antiserum used is one produced against a strain of pneumococcus from a group other than that to which the infecting pneumococcus belongs.
Uptake of first two doses of human papillomavirus vaccine by adolescent schoolgirls in Manchester: prospective cohort study
Authors: Loretta Brabin, Stephen A Roberts, Rebecca Stretch, David Baxter, Gloria Chambers, Henry Kitchener, Rosemary McCann
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to adolescent girls. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> 36 secondary schools in two primary care trusts in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 2817 schoolgirls in year 8 (12 and 13 year olds). <b>Intervention</b> Delivery of the bivalent vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months over one school year. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Vaccine uptake for doses 1 and 2 of a three dose schedule. <b>Results</b> Vaccine uptake was 70.6% (1989/2817) for the first dose and 68.5% (1930/2817) for the second dose. Uptake was significantly lower in schools with a higher proportion of ethnic minority girls (P&lt;0.001 for trend) or higher proportion of girls entitled to free school meals (P=0.029 for trend). The main reason for parents’ refusal of vaccination was insufficient information about the vaccine and its long term safety. Maintaining the vaccine schedule was challenging as 16.3% (dose 1) and 23.6% (dose 2) of girls missed their vaccination day and had to be offered alternative appointments. No serious adverse events were reported. <b>Conclusion</b> Delivery of the first two doses of HPV vaccine to adolescent schoolgirls is encouraging, but the success of the vaccination programme depends on high coverage for the third dose.
Loss of TBK1 Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in the Breast Cancer Cells by ERα Downregulation
Authors: Kyung-Min Yang, YunShin Jung, Jeong-Mi Lee, WonJoo Kim, Jin Ki Cho, Joon Jeong, Seong-Jin Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is the pivotal regulator of proliferation and differentiation in mammary epithelia, where it serves as a crucial prognostic marker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. In this study, we show that the loss of the kinase TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ERα-positive breast cancer cells by downregulating ERα expression. TBK1 was overexpressed in ERα-positive breast cancers, where it was associated with distant metastasis-free survival in patients, whereas it was underexpressed in ERα-negative breast cancers. TBK1 silencing decreased expression of epithelial markers and increased expression of mesenchymal markers in ERα-positive breast cancer cells, enhancing tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo in a manner associated with downregulation of ERα expression. Mechanistically, TBK1 silencing reduced FOXO3A binding to the ERα promoter by inducing the translocation of phosphorylated FOXO3A from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Thus, our results indicate that the loss of TBK1 expression parallels the loss of ERα expression, in turn helping drive an aggressive breast cancer phenotype.
Limited Family Structure and BRCA Gene Mutation Status in Single Cases of Breast Cancer
Authors: Jeffrey N Weitzel, Veronica I Lagos, Carey A Cullinane, Patricia J Gambol, Julie O Culver, Kathleen R Blazer, Melanie R Palomares, Katrina J Lowstuter, Deborah J MacDonald
Journal: JAMA (2007)

An autosomal dominant pattern of hereditary breast cancer may be masked by small family size or transmission through males given sex-limited expression.To determine if BRCA gene mutations are more prevalent among single cases of early onset breast cancer in families with limited vs adequate family structure than would be predicted by currently available probability models.A total of 1543 women seen at US high-risk clinics for genetic cancer risk assessment and BRCA gene testing were enrolled in a prospective registry study between April 1997 and February 2007. Three hundred six of these women had breast cancer before age 50 years and no first- or second-degree relatives with breast or ovarian cancers.The main outcome measure was whether family structure, assessed from multigenerational pedigrees, predicts BRCA gene mutation status. Limited family structure was defined as fewer than 2 first- or second-degree female relatives surviving beyond age 45 years in either lineage. Family structure effect and mutation probability by the Couch, Myriad, and BRCAPRO models were assessed with stepwise multiple logistic regression. Model sensitivity and specificity were determined and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated.Family structure was limited in 153 cases (50%). BRCA gene mutations were detected in 13.7% of participants with limited vs 5.2% with adequate family structure. Family structure was a significant predictor of mutation status (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-6.73; P = .02). Although none of the models performed well, receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that modification of BRCAPRO output by a corrective probability index accounting for family structure was the most accurate BRCA gene mutation status predictor (area under the curve, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.81; P<.001) for single cases of breast cancer.Family structure can affect the accuracy of mutation probability models. Genetic testing guidelines may need to be more inclusive for single cases of breast cancer when the family structure is limited and probability models need to be recreated using limited family history as an actual variable.
The Association Between Malaria, Blood Transfusions, and HIV Seropositivity in a Pediatric Population in Kinshasa, Zaire
Authors: A E Greenberg, P Nguyen-Dinh, J M Mann, N Kabote, R L Colebunders, H Francis, T C Quinn, P Baudoux, B Lyamba, F Davachi
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Since Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a frequent cause of anemia among African children, and blood transfusions, unscreened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody, are used frequently in the treatment of children with severe malaria, the relationships between malaria, transfusions, and HIV seropositivity were investigated in a pediatric population in Kinshasa, Zaire. In a cross-sectional survey of 167 hospitalized children, 112 (67%) had malaria, 78 (47%) had received transfusions during the current hospitalization, and 21 (13%) were HIV seropositive. Ten of the 11 seropositive malaria patients had received transfusions during the current hospitalization; pretransfusion specimens were available for four of these children and were seronegative. Of all blood transfusions, 87% were administered to malaria patients, and there was a strong dose-response association between transfusions and HIV seropositivity. A review of 1000 emergency ward records demonstrated that 69% of transfusions were administered to malaria patients, and 97% of children who received transfusions had pretransfusion hematocrits of 0.25 or less (less than or equal to 25%). The treatment of malaria with blood transfusions is an important factor in the exposure of Kinshasa children to HIV infection.
Lineage Tracing Reveals Distinctive Fates for Mesothelial Cells and Submesothelial Fibroblasts during Peritoneal Injury
Authors: Yi-Ting Chen, Yu-Ting Chang, Szu-Yu Pan, Yu-Hsiang Chou, Fan-Chi Chang, Pei-Ying Yeh, Yuan-Hung Liu, Wen-Chih Chiang, Yung-Ming Chen, Kwan-Dun Wu, Tun-Jun Tsai, Jeremy S. Duffield, Shuei-Liong Lin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Fibrosis of the peritoneal cavity remains a serious, life-threatening problem in the treatment of kidney failure with peritoneal dialysis. The mechanism of fibrosis remains unclear partly because the fibrogenic cells have not been identified with certainty. Recent studies have proposed mesothelial cells to be an important source of myofibroblasts through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition; however, confirmatory studies in vivo are lacking. Here, we show by inducible genetic fate mapping that type I collagen-producing submesothelial fibroblasts are specific progenitors of α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts that accumulate progressively in models of peritoneal fibrosis induced by sodium hypochlorite, hyperglycemic dialysis solutions, or TGF-β1. Similar genetic mapping of Wilms' tumor-1-positive mesothelial cells indicated that peritoneal membrane disruption is repaired and replaced by surviving mesothelial cells in peritoneal injury, and not by submesothelial fibroblasts. Although primary cultures of mesothelial cells or submesothelial fibroblasts each expressed α-smooth muscle actin under the influence of TGF-β1, only submesothelial fibroblasts expressed α-smooth muscle actin after induction of peritoneal fibrosis in mice. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of the PDGF receptor, which is expressed by submesothelial fibroblasts but not mesothelial cells, attenuated the peritoneal fibrosis but not the remesothelialization induced by hypochlorite. Thus, our data identify distinctive fates for injured mesothelial cells and submesothelial fibroblasts during peritoneal injury and fibrosis.
CD80 Costimulation Is Essential for the Induction of Airway Eosinophilia
Authors: Nicola Harris, Robert Peach, Joe Naemura, Peter S. Linsley, Graham Le Gros, Franca Ronchese
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

CD80 and CD86 (B7-1 and B7-2) are the ligands on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) which bind CD28 and deliver the costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation. The reasons for the existence of two CD28 binding molecules are not well understood. We created a mutant version of CTLA4-Ig that could selectively bind CD80 and block CD28-CD80 interaction but leave CD28-CD86 binding intact. CD80 blockade prevented antigen-induced accumulation of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the lung of immunized mice, but did not block antigen induced systemic blood eosinophilia or IgE antibody production. No preferential expression of CD80 could be demonstrated on a population of lung APC consisting mainly of macrophages. These results indicate that CD80 costimulation is not necessary for the induction of Th2 immune responses but rather for the maintenance or amplification of lung inflammatory responses.
Allogeneic transplantation for therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mark R. Litzow, Sergey Tarima, Waleska S. Pérez, Brian J. Bolwell, Mitchell S. Cairo, Bruce M. Camitta, Corey S. Cutler, Marcos de Lima, John F. DiPersio, Robert Peter Gale, Armand Keating, Hillard M. Lazarus, Selina Luger, David I. Marks, Richard T. Maziarz, Philip L. McCarthy, Marcelo C. Pasquini, Gordon L. Phillips, J. Douglas Rizzo, Jorge Sierra, Martin S. Tallman, Daniel J. Weisdorf
Journal: Blood (2009)
Incidental versus symptomatic venous thrombosis in cancer: a prospective observational study of 340 consecutive patients
Authors: C. Font, B. Farrús, L. Vidal, T.M. Caralt, L. Visa, B. Mellado, D. Tàssies, J. Monteagudo, J.C. Reverter, P. Gascon
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Tolerability of carvedilol and ACE‐Inhibition in mild heart failure. Results of CARMEN (Carvedilol ACE‐Inhibitor Remodelling Mild CHF EvaluatioN)
Authors: Michel Komajda, Beatrix Lutiger, Hugo Madeira, Kristian Thygesen, Marco Bobbio, Per Hildebrandt, Wybren Jaarsma, Günter Riegger, Lars Rydén, Armin Scherhag, Jordi Soler‐Soler, Willem J. Remme
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2004)
Cancer Chemoprevention With Nuts
Authors: M. Falasca, I. Casari, T. Maffucci
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

It is well established that increased nut consumption is associated with a reduced risk of major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, the association between nut consumption and cancer mortality is less clear. Recent studies have suggested that nut consumption is associated with reduced cancer mortality. This evidence reinforces the interest to investigate the chemopreventive properties of nuts, and it raises questions about the specific cancer type(s) and setting that can be more affected by nut consumption, as well as the cellular mechanisms involved in this protective effect. Here we discuss recent studies on the association of nut consumption and cancer, and we propose specific cellular mechanisms by which nut components can affect cancer progression.
Classification of functional recovery of anterior cruciate ligament copers, non-copers, and adapters * COMMENTARY
Authors: K Button, R van Deursen, P Price
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

(a) To identify whether differences exist in the pattern of recovery with respect to functional outcomes for acutely ruptured anterior cruciate ligament deficient (ACLD) copers, adapters, and non-copers. (b) To identify clinically relevant outcomes that could distinguish between three functional subgroups.A longitudinal study was used to measure gait variables and distance hop at regular intervals after injury using a digital camcorder and computer for quantitative analysis. A sample of 63 ACLD subjects entered the study; 42 subjects were measured at least three times. At 12-36 months after injury, subjects were classified as functional copers, adapters, or non-copers on the basis of which of their preinjury activities they had resumed. To determine the pattern of recovery, repeated measurements were analysed using a least squares fit of the data.17% of ACLD subjects were classified as functional copers, 45% as adapters, and 38% as non-copers. Only 5% of those who participated in high demand activities before injury returned to them. ACLD copers had recovered above the control mean for all gait variables by 40 days after the injury. Hopping distance did not recover to the control mean. Non-copers struggled to recover to control limits and remained borderline for all the gait variables.Distinctive patterns of functional recovery for three subgroups of ACLD subjects have been identified. Gait variables and activity level before injury were the most useful variables for distinguishing between the subgroups. If potential for recovery is identified early after injury, then appropriate treatment can be given.
GRP78 promoter polymorphism rs391957 as potential predictor for clinical outcome in gastric and colorectal cancer patients
Authors: T. Winder, P. Bohanes, W. Zhang, D. Yang, D.G. Power, Y. Ning, A. Gerger, P.M. Wilson, L.H. Tang, M. Shah, A.S. Lee, H.-J. Lenz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Injuries in high-level heptathlon and decathlon
Authors: P Edouard, J-B Morin, J Pruvost, A Kerspern
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Decathlon and heptathlon are track and field disciplines during which participants run, jump, and throw. The training and the competitions are highly demanding from both the physical and psychological standpoints because of the frequency and intensity of the events that could lead to important risk of injury. Objective To prospectively determine the frequency, location and types of injuries suffered by the high-level decathletes and heptathletes. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Athletes selected from the combined events French National team for heptathlon or decathlon competitions during the 1994 to 1998 seasons. Participants 69 international level athletes: 30 heptathletes (21±4 yr, 176±6 cm, 61±4 kg) and 39 decathletes (22±6 yr, 186±6 cm, 80±8 kg). Main outcome measurements All injuries were recorded during the 1994 to 1998 seasons. For each injury data, the circumstances of onset (training or competition), the injured body part, the type and the cause of injury were collected. Results Among the 69 athletes included in this study, 32 athletes presented a total of 86 injuries. The injured rate was 31.1 injuries per 100 athletes per season. 43% of the injuries occurred during competitions, 30% during training and 27% unknown. In approximately half of the cases, the injuries were caused by overuse (49%), and in the other half by non-contact trauma (43%). The majority of injuries were located on the lower extremity (77%), and 9% on the lower back. The injuries concerned tendons (41%) and muscles (23%). The most common diagnoses were knee tendinopathy (14%), followed by lower leg strain (13%), thigh strain (11%) and Achilles tendinopathy (11%). Conclusion Injuries are common in high-level decathletes and heptathletes. Specific preventive measures of the most common injuries (knee and Achilles tendinopathies, lower leg and thigh strains) should be introduced and their effectiveness evaluated by prospective surveillance.
Effect of gender on hospital admissions for asthma and prevalence of self-reported asthma: a prospective study based on a sample of the general population. Copenhagen City Heart Study Group
Authors: E. Prescott, P. Lange, J. Vestbo
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Women are more often admitted to hospital for asthma than men. A study was undertaken to determine whether this is caused by gender differences in the prevalence or severity of the disease. METHODS: Admissions to hospital for asthma in 13,540 subjects were followed from 1977 to 1993. RESULTS: At baseline 315 subjects (2.3%) reported asthma, 2.2% of women and 2.5% of men. During follow up 160 subjects were admitted to hospital for asthma. After controlling for self-reported asthma and smoking, women had a higher risk of being admitted to hospital than men (relative risk 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.4). This increased risk was not due to misclassification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as asthma. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate gender-related differences in either the severity, perception, or management of asthma.
Evidence for a Th1-like bronchoalveolar T-cell subset and predominance of interferon-gamma gene activation in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Authors: D S Robinson, S Ying, I K Taylor, A Wangoo, D M Mitchell, A B Kay, Q Hamid, R J Shaw
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Mycobacterium-specific human helper T-cell clones produce a Th1 pattern of cytokines in vitro: interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. To test the hypothesis that a similar Th1-like pattern of cytokine gene expression occurs in vivo in pulmonary tuberculosis we used in situ hybridization to detect cytokine mRNA expression by bronchoalveolar lavage cells from nine patients with microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis and nine control subjects. Because IFN-gamma may also originate from alveolar macrophages, simultaneous immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization was applied to determine whether cytokine mRNA was localized to bronchoalveolar macrophages in addition to T-lymphocytes. When samples from patients with tuberculosis and control subjects were compared, there was a significant increase in numbers of IFN-gamma mRNA-positive BAL cells per 1,000 among patients with tuberculosis (p < 0.01). Differences between the two groups in the proportions of cells expressing IL-2, IL-4, or IL-5 mRNA were not significant. Expression of IFN-gamma mRNA by macrophages was detected (median, 14.3% of IFN-gamma mRNA-positive BAL cells). However, the majority of IFN-gamma mRNA expressing BAL cells were T-lymphocytes (median, 80.7%). Activation of Th1-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocytes, together with production of IFN-gamma by alveolar macrophages, may contribute to the local cellular immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis.