tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Large-for-Gestational-Age Newborns by Lifestyle Counseling: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Riitta Luoto, Tarja I. Kinnunen, Minna Aittasalo, Päivi Kolu, Jani Raitanen, Katriina Ojala, Kirsi Mansikkamäki, Satu Lamberg, Tommi Vasankari, Tanja Komulainen, Sirkku Tulokas
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

In a cluster-randomized trial, Riitta Luoto and colleagues find that counseling on diet and activity can reduce the birthweight of babies born to women at risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but fail to find an effect on GDM.
Haem oxygenase-1 expression is diminished in alveolar macrophages of patients with COPD
Authors: D‐J. Slebos, H.A.M. Kerstjens, S.R. Rutgers, H.F. Kauffman, A.M.K. Choi, D.S. Postma
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Haem oxygenase-1 expression is diminished in alveolar macrophages of patients with COPD
Effect of Aspirin on Thrombin-Induced Adherence of Platelets to Cultured Cells from the Blood Vessel Wall
Authors: Robert L. Czervionke, John C. Hoak, Glenna L. Fry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

An in vitro method was used to detect adherence of 51Cr-labeled platelets to monolayers of cultured human endothelial, fibroblast, and smooth muscle cells. Washed platelets did not adhere to untreated or aspirin-treated endothelial monolayers in the absence of thrombin. In contrast, thrombin-induced platelet aggregates adhered to all of the monolayers but adherence to endothelium was significantly less than to the other cells. Additional evidence for adherence of platelets to the endothelium was provided by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Thrombin-induced platelet adherence to endothelium was inhibited by hirudin. Platelet adherence induced by thrombin was enhanced significantly by treatment of the endothelial monolayer with 1—2 mM aspirin. This increase in adherence was seen even when aspirin-treated platelets were used; adherence values approached those seen with fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. An aspirin concentration of 0.1 mM was sufficient to block thrombin-induced malonaldehyde production in platelets but it did not interfere with the inhibitory effect of the endothelium against platelet adherence. The effect of aspirin on the endothelium was temporary and inhibitory activity of the endothelium was restored 1 h after aspirin had been removed from the incubation system. The ability of thrombin to cause adherence of platelets to undamaged endothelium, and the potential for aspirin to enhance this adherence have implications for mechanisms which operate in platelet interaction with the blood vessel wall.
CTCF binding site classes exhibit distinct evolutionary, genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic features
Authors: Kobby Essien, Sebastien Vigneau, Sofia Apreleva, Larry N Singh, Marisa S Bartolomei, Sridhar Hannenhalli
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Abstract Background CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) is an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger protein involved in diverse functions ranging from negative regulation of MYC, to chromatin insulation of the beta-globin gene cluster, to imprinting of the Igf2 locus. The 11 zinc fingers of CTCF are known to differentially contribute to the CTCF-DNA interaction at different binding sites. It is possible that the differences in CTCF-DNA conformation at different binding sites underlie CTCF's functional diversity. If so, the CTCF binding sites may belong to distinct classes, each compatible with a specific functional role. Results We have classified approximately 26,000 CTCF binding sites in CD4+ T cells into three classes based on their similarity to the well-characterized CTCF DNA-binding motif. We have comprehensively characterized these three classes of CTCF sites with respect to several evolutionary, genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic and functional features. We find that the low-occupancy sites tend to be cell type specific. Furthermore, while the high-occupancy sites associate with repressive histone marks and greater gene co-expression within a CTCF-flanked block, the low-occupancy sites associate with active histone marks and higher gene expression. We found that the low-occupancy sites have greater conservation in their flanking regions compared to high-occupancy sites. Interestingly, based on a novel class-conservation metric, we observed that human low-occupancy sites tend to be conserved as low-occupancy sites in mouse (and vice versa) more frequently than expected. Conclusions Our work reveals several key differences among CTCF occupancy-based classes and suggests a critical, yet distinct functional role played by low-occupancy sites.
How and Why Genetic Linkage Has Not Solved the Problem of Psychosis: Review and Hypothesis
Authors: Timothy J Crow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: The author examined the chromosomal linkage method as an approach to the genetic basis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Method: Comparisons were conducted of recent meta-analyses of genome scans of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and of the three largest (N>300) sibling pair studies of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and a comparable study of bipolar illness. Results: Recent meta-analyses have not identified consistent sites of linkage. The three largest studies of schizophrenia fail to agree on a single locus, no commonality with bipolar illness has been demonstrated, and there is no replicable support for any of the current candidate genes. Discussion: An alternative to the concept that DNA sequence variation lies in "multiple genes of small effect" is the hypothesis that the variation is epigenetic but related to the genetic transition ("the speciation event") that separated Homo sapiens from a prior hominid species. This hypothesis draws attention to the chromosomal rearrangement (the Xq21.3/Yp translocation) that occurred some 6 million years ago in the hominid lineage and subsequent rearrangements, including a paracentric inversion, that have taken place within the translocated segment. Here it is argued that the most recent of these events is relevant to specifically human characteristics, including language. The gene pair protocadherin X and Y within this region is under new selective pressure and is in a novel (epigenetic) situation with respect to X inactivation. Conclusions: Epigenetic variation associated with chromosomal rearrangements that occurred in the hominid lineage and that relates to the evolution of language could account for predisposition to schizophrenia and schizoaffective and bipolar disorder and failure to detect such variation by standard linkage approaches.
Elevated Expression of CC Chemokine Ligand 23 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: A. Uzzaman, R.T. Chustz, A.T. Peters, L.A. Suh, J.E. Norton, K.E. Harris, L.C. Grammer, R.K. Chandra, D.B. Conley, R.C. Kern, R.P. Schleimer, A. Kato
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Low oxygen concentrations for embryo culture in assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: E. Mantikou, S. Bontekoe, M. van Wely, S. Seshadri, S. Repping, S. Mastenbroek
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2013)

Background During IVF and ICSI procedures, human preimplantation embryos are cultured in the laboratory. While some laboratories culture in an atmospheric oxygen concentration (20%), others use a lower concentration (5%) as this resembles more closely the oxygen concentration observed in the oviduct and the uterus. Animal studies have shown that atmospheric oxygen concentrations could have a negative impact on embryo quality via reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress. In humans, it is currently unknown which oxygen concentration provides the best success rates of IVF/ ICSI procedures resulting in the highest birth rate of healthy newborns. This is a summary of a meta-analysis recently published in the Cochrane Library (Bontekoe et al., 2012) evaluating whether embryo culture at low oxygen concentrations improves the treatment outcome when compared with embryo culture at atmospheric oxygen concentrations.
New Therapies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dendritic cell precursor populations of mouse blood: identification of the murine homologues of human blood plasmacytoid pre-DC2 and CD11c+ DC1 precursors
Authors: Meredith O'Keeffe, Hubertus Hochrein, David Vremec, Bernadette Scott, Paul Hertzog, Lilliana Tatarczuch, Ken Shortman
Journal: Blood (2003)
Routine chest X-rays have no additional value in the detectionof relapse during routine follow-up of patients treated with chemotherapy for disseminated non-seminomatous testicular cancer
Authors: J.A. Gietema, M.T. Meinardi, D.T. Sleijfer, H.J. Hoekstra, W.T.A. van der Graaf
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Sleep Disturbances and Their Relationship to Glucose Tolerance in Pregnancy
Authors: Sirimon Reutrakul, Nausheen Zaidi, Kristen Wroblewski, Helen H. Kay, Mahmoud Ismail, David A. Ehrmann, Eve Van Cauter
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To explore relationships among sleep disturbances, glucose tolerance, and pregnancy outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Four validated sleep questionnaires were administered to 169 pregnant women at the time of 50-g oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) during the second trimester. Pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in 108 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). RESULTS Of the participants, 41% had excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] &amp;gt;8); 64% had poor sleep quality; 25% snored frequently; 29% had increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB); 52% experienced short sleep (SS); 19% had both increased SDB risk and SS (SDB/SS); and 14% had daytime dysfunction. Reported sleep duration inversely correlated with glucose values from 50-g OGTT (r = −0.21, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Each hour of reduced sleep time was associated with a 4% increase in glucose levels. Increased likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was found in subjects with increased SDB risk (odds ratio 3.0 [95% CI 1.2–7.4]), SS (2.4 [1.0–5.9]), SDB/SS (3.4 [1.3–8.7]), and frequent snoring (3.4 [1.3–8.8], after adjustment for BMI). Among NGT subjects, preterm delivery was more frequent in those with increased ESS (P = 0.02), poor sleep quality (P = 0.02), and SS (P = 0.03). Neonatal intensive care unit admissions were associated with increased ESS (P = 0.03), SDB/SS (P = 0.03), and daytime dysfunction (P &amp;lt; 0.01) in mothers. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women experience significant sleep disturbances that are associated with increased risk of GDM and unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant women with increased SDB risk, frequent snoring, and sleep duration of &amp;lt;7 h/night have increased risk of developing GDM.
Surveillance in individuals at high risk of pancreatic cancer: too early to tell?
Authors: F. Harinck, M. I. Canto, R. Schulick, M. Goggins, J.-W. Poley, P. Fockens, I. Kluijt, M. Bruno
Journal: Gut (2010)

We have read with great interest the publication by Langer et al .1 Pancreatic cancer surveillance of high-risk individuals may have the potential to alter the dismal prognosis of this deadly disease. Although promising, its application is a learning experience and results of pancreatic cancer surveillance studies are eagerly awaited. Although we greatly value the efforts of Langer et al we have some comments and questions.

The title of their paper suggests a prospective cohort study with a median follow-up observation period of 5 years. …
Differential effects of hypoxia on etoposide-induced apoptosis according to the cancer cell lines
Authors: Jean-Philippe Cosse, Audrey Sermeus, Kayleen Vannuvel, Noelle Ninane, Martine Raes, Carine Michiels
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2007)

Abstract Background It is more and more recognized that hypoxia plays a role in the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying this resistance still need deeper understanding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia on this process since hypoxia is one of the hallmarks of tumor environment. Results The effect of hypoxia on the apoptosis induced by etoposide, one drug commonly used in chemotherapy, was investigated using three different cancer cell lines. Gene expression changes were also studied in order to delineate the mechanisms responsible for the hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. We observed that hypoxia differentially influenced etoposide-induced cell death according to the cancer cell type. While hypoxia inhibited apoptosis in hepatoma HepG2 cells, it had no influence in lung carcinoma A549 cells and further enhanced it in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Etoposide increased p53 activity in all cell lines while hypoxia alone decreased it only in HepG2 cells. Hypoxia had no influence on the etoposide-induced p53 activity in A549, increased p53 abundance in MCF-7 cells but markedly decreased p53 activity in HepG2 cells. Using low density DNA arrays to detect the expression of genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis, etoposide and hypoxia were shown to each influence the expression of numerous genes, many of the ones influenced by etoposide being p53 target genes. Again, the influence of hypoxia on the etoposide-induced changes was different according to the cell type. Conclusion These results evidenced that there was a striking parallelism between the effect of hypoxia on the etoposide-induced p53 stabilization as well as p53 target gene expression and its effect on the etoposide-induced apoptosis according to the cell type. They are very interesting not only because they provide one possible mechanism for the induction of chemoresistance under hypoxic conditions in cells like HepG2 but also because they indicate that not all cell types respond the same way. This knowledge is of importance in designing adequate treatment according to the type of tumors.
Particulate air pollution.
Authors: D V Bates
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Particles less than 10 Ftm in size (PM,os) are associated with measurable increases in daily cardiovascular and respiratory mortality.* PM10s are also associated with hospital admissions for pneumonia, aggravation of asthma, and decrements of lung function in children.* The biological mechanisms underlying these effects are not yet understood.* The composition of fine particles in cities is very complex, but many are sulphates and most are derived from combustion, particularly of petroleum products (e.g.diesel) in vehicles.* The economic costs attributable to particulate air pollution are likely to be considerable.* The need for more stringent air pollution controls should be considered a high priority for the protection of public health.
Abstract 16369: Impact of New LQTS Diagnostic Criteria on Detection of Long QT Syndrome With Carrying Gene Mutations
Authors: Kenshi Hayashi, Noboru Fujino, Tetsuo Konno, Toyonobu Tsuda, Yoko Imi, Takekatsu Saito, Kunio Ohta, Hidekazu Ino, Masa-aki Kawashiri, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: : Although the parameter of evaluation of the recovery phase of exercise was recently added to the LQTS diagnostic criteria, few data exist regarding the clinical impact of the new criteria. Therefore, we compared the Schwartz scores which were calculated by the conventional and new criteria, and performed genetic testing of the major LQTS genes.

Methods and Results: We studied 83 subjects (46 males, mean age 14

± 10 years) who were referred to our hospital because they showed prolonged QTc intervals and/or abnormal clinical history and familial findings in the cardiac screening. The Schwartz scores were determined by the conventional and the new versions of LQTS diagnostic criteria, and 6 ion channel genes were analyzed for all subjects. The clinical course was also evaluated (average follow-up 59 months per subject). Thirty six subjects showed a QTc ≥ 480 ms in the recovery phase of exercise stress test. In these subjects, KCNQ1 mutations were more frequently identified (36%) and cardiac events more frequently occurred (22%) compared with those who did not show QT prolongation after exercise (p<0.05). Interestingly, the application of the new criteria significantly increased the number of subjects with a high probability of LQTS (n=30), although 18 subjects were diagnosed as a high probability of LQTS (3.5 ≤ Schwartz score) by the conventional criteria (p<0.05). The probability of carrying mutations in subjects with a high probability by these two criteria was comparable: 16 out of 18 subjects (88%) and 25 out of 30 subjects (83%), respectively. According to the conventional criteria, 13 mutation carriers were included in subjects with an intermediate or low probability of LQTS (Schwartz score ≤ 3.0).

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the new diagnostic criteria can identify occult LQTS subjects with gene mutations as a high probability of LQTS which cannot be identified by the conventional criteria.
Long-term Anticoagulant Treatment after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: E. A. Loeliger
Journal: BMJ (1970)

negative, and full blood counts and serum folate estimations were normal.On close questioning the mothers had noticed that the children held the Pancrex powder (given in orange juice) in the mouth for some time before swallowing it, and in the third case the child crunched the tablets before swallowing them.The ulceration was
A "SMART" Design for Building Individualized Treatment Sequences
Authors: H. Lei, I. Nahum-Shani, K. Lynch, D. Oslin, S.A. Murphy
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2012)

Interventions often involve a sequence of decisions. For example, clinicians frequently adapt the intervention to an individual's outcomes. Altering the intensity and type of intervention over time is crucial for many reasons, such as to obtain improvement if the individual is not responding or to reduce costs and burden when intensive treatment is no longer necessary. Adaptive interventions utilize individual variables (severity, preferences) to adapt the intervention and then dynamically utilize individual outcomes (response to treatment, adherence) to readapt the intervention. The Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) provides high-quality data that can be used to construct adaptive interventions. We review the SMART and highlight its advantages in constructing and revising adaptive interventions as compared to alternative experimental designs. Selected examples of SMART studies are described and compared. A data analysis method is provided and illustrated using data from the Extending Treatment Effectiveness of Naltrexone SMART study.
Bosentan inhibits cigarette smoke-induced endothelin receptor expression in pulmonary arteries
Authors: J. Milara, E. Gabarda, G. Juan, J.L. Ortiz, R. Guijarro, M. Martorell, E.J. Morcillo, J. Cortijo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The endothelin (ET) system contributes to lung vascular tension and remodelling in smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This study examined the effect of cigarette smoke (CS) on ET receptor A (ET A ) and B (ET B ) expression in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) and human small intrapulmonary arteries, as well as their functional consequences. CS extract (CSE) increased ET A and ET B expression in HPASMCs and small intrapulmonary arteries, which was attenuated by bosentan, the ET A antagonist BQ123 and the ET B antagonist BQ788, and by blocking ET-1 with a monoclonal antibody against ET-1, suggesting a feed-forward mechanism mediated by ET-1 release. ET receptor (ETR) antagonism attenuated the CSE-induced HPASMC proliferation. Furthermore, CSE exposure increased the acute ET-1-induced small intrapulmonary artery contraction, which was attenuated by bosentan, BQ123 and BQ788. Pulmonary arteries from smokers and COPD patients showed a higher expression of ET A and ET B than those of nonsmoker patients. These results show a novel mechanism by which ETR blockade attenuates CS-induced ETR overexpression and, subsequently, small intrapulmonary artery tension. These data may be of potential value to explain therapeutic effects of bosentan in some forms of disproportionate pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients.
Flt3 Internal Tandem Duplication and P-Glycoprotein Functionality in 171 Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Christophe Marzac, I. Teyssandier, Ors'Anton Calendini, Jean-Yves Perrot, Anne-Marie Faussat, Ruoping Tang, Nicole Casadevall, Jean-Pierre Marie, Ollivier Legrand
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Patients with adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with intermediate cytogenetics remain a heterogeneous group with highly variable individual prognoses. New molecular markers could help to refine cytogenetic stratification. Experimental Design: We assessed P-glycoprotein (Pgp) activity and Flt3 internal tandem duplication (ITD+) because of their known prognostic value and because they might lead to targeted therapy. We did a multivariate analysis on 171 patients with adult AML treated in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer protocols. Results: ITD+ and high Pgp activity (Pgp+) were found in 26 of 171 (15%) and 55 of 171 (32%) of all patients, respectively. ITD and Pgp activities were negative in 94 of 171 (55%, Pgp−ITD− group), mutually exclusive in 73 of 171 (43%, Pgp−ITD+ and Pgp+ITD− groups), and only 4 of 171 (2%, Pgp+ITD+ group) patients were positive for both. In multivariate analyses, Pgp+ITD+ (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and age (P = 0.0022) were independent prognostic factors for the achievement of complete remission (CR). Overall survival (OS), CR achievement (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), WHO performance status (P = 0.0007), and Pgp+ITD+ status (P = 0.0014) were also independent prognostic factors. In 95 patients with intermediate cytogenetics, the CR rates of ITD+ patients were 40% versus 62% for ITD− (P = 0.099) and 41% versus 67% (P = 0.014) for Pgp+ versus Pgp− patients. In the Pgp−ITD− group (41 of 95), CR rates were 70% versus 44% for others (P = 0.012), OS achieved 48% versus 16% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and disease-free survival was 56% versus 27% (P = 0.024), respectively. Furthermore, the OS curves of the intermediate cytogenetics-Pgp−ITD− group were not significantly different from the favorable cytogenetic group. Conclusion: Flt3/ITD and Pgp activity are independent and additive prognostic factors which provide a powerful risk classification that can be routinely used to stratify the treatment of patients with intermediate cytogenetic AML. ITD+ and Pgp+ patients should be considered for targeted therapy.