tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Panic Disorder and Comorbid Major Depression
Authors: Winfried Rief, Susanne Trenkamp, Claudia Auer, Manfred M. Fichter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

There is a lack of evidence about the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapies (CBT) in settings of routine clinical care as well as in the treatment of panic and comorbid disorders.We investigated a group-oriented CBT approach for 80 patients with panic disorder including 35 patients with current comorbid major depression. Assessments took place 6 months before treatment, at the beginning and end of treatment, and 1 year later. Structured interviews and multiple clinical self-rating scales were used.Panic patients with comorbid major depression showed higher anxiety-specific and nonspecific pathology. The most striking benefits were in reducing avoidance behavior, while improvements concerning catastrophic beliefs were smaller, but still significant. For most self-rating scale results, patients with and without comorbid depression improved to a comparable degree. However, the end-state functioning of patients with panic disorder and current comorbid depression at admission is significantly lower than for patients with panic disorder alone.The results point to the necessity to develop and improve treatment approaches for patients with comorbidity of panic disorder and current major depression.
Lifestyle, health, and health promotion in Nazi Germany
Authors: George Davey Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I also suspect that reviewers and editors would have demanded a finer grained analysis if the results had been different.The investigators do not explain why they used the three categories of free, partially free, and not free to characterise the extent of democracy when Freedom House rates each country on a 7 point scale both for political rights and for civil liberties and makes these data available on its website. 4 The quality of the data was also problematic.Although the information on life expectancy and maternal and infant mortality from the Human Development Report is no doubt the best available, the report acknowledges its many gaps and discrepancies. 5He doesn't eat her, she devours him.
Systems biology of the functional and dysfunctional endothelium
Authors: Jennifer Frueh, Nataly Maimari, Takayuki Homma, Sandra M. Bovens, Ryan M. Pedrigi, Leila Towhidi, Rob Krams
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

This review provides an overview of the effect of blood flow on endothelial cell (EC) signalling pathways, applying microarray technologies to cultured cells, and in vivo studies of normal and atherosclerotic animals. It is found that in cultured ECs, 5–10% of genes are up- or down-regulated in response to fluid flow, whereas only 3–6% of genes are regulated by varying levels of fluid flow. Of all genes, 90% are regulated by the steady part of fluid flow and 10% by pulsatile components. The associated gene profiles show high variability from experiment to experiment depending on experimental conditions, and importantly, the bioinformatical methods used to analyse the data. Despite this high variability, the current data sets can be summarized with the concept of endothelial priming. In this concept, fluid flows confer protection by an up-regulation of anti-atherogenic, anti-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory gene signatures. Consequently, predilection sites of atherosclerosis, which are associated with low-shear stress, confer low protection for atherosclerosis and are, therefore, more sensitive to high cholesterol levels. Recent studies in intact non-atherosclerotic animals confirmed these in vitro studies, and suggest that a spatial component might be present. Despite the large variability, a few signalling pathways were consistently present in the majority of studies. These were the MAPK, the nuclear factor-κB, and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase-NO pathways.
Defective dopamine-1 receptor adenylate cyclase coupling in the proximal convoluted tubule from the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
Authors: S Kinoshita, A Sidhu, R A Felder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The natriuretic effect of DA-1 agonists is less in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) than its normotensive control, the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). To determine a mechanism of the decreased effect of DA-1 agonists on sodium transport, DA-1 receptors in renal proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) were studied by radioligand binding and by adenylate cyclase (AC) determinations. Specific binding of 125I-SCH 23982 (defined by 10 microM SCH 23390, a DA-1 antagonist) was concentration dependent, saturable, and stereoselective. The dissociation constant, maximum receptor density, and DA-1 antagonist inhibition constant were similar in SHR and WKY. The apparent molecular weight of the DA-1 receptor determined by the photoaffinity D1 probe 125I-MAB was also similar in WKY and SHR. However, DA-1 agonists competed more effectively for specific 125I-SCH 23982 binding sites in WKY than in SHR. Basal as well as forskolin, parathyroid hormone, GTP and Gpp(NH)p-stimulated-AC activities were similar. In contrast DA-1 agonists (fenoldopam, SKF 38393, SND 911C12) stimulated AC activity to a lesser extent in SHR. GTP and Gpp(NH)p enhanced the ability of DA-1 agonists to stimulate AC activity in WKY but not in SHR. These data suggest a defect in the DA-1 receptor-second messenger coupling mechanism in the PCT of the SHR.
Progress in the Management of Gynecologic Cancer: Consensus Summary Statement
Authors: Stephen A Cannistra, Robert C Bast, Jonathan S Berek, Michael A Bookman, Christopher P Crum, Paul D DePriest, Judy E Garber, Wui-Jin Koh, Maurie Markman, William P McGuire, Peter G Rose, Eric K Rowinsky, Gordon J S Rustin, Steven J Skates, Paul A Vasey, Laura King
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)
When a normal hearing test is just the beginning
Authors: V. Kennedy
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Where hearing difficulties exist despite a normal hearing test, consider the presence of an underlying subclinical disorder or a developing problem. CASE HISTORIESCase 1A 50-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of hearing difficulty in her left ear.This was related to a sudden feeling of blockage in her left ear with perceived distortion.The sensation of blockage cleared initially, but then recurred and persisted.Audiometrically her hearing was normal.An initial diagnosis of King-Kopetzky syndrome was made and further hearing tests were organized.Her transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions were poor.As the perception of sound can be affected by both peripheral and central auditory processing disorders, central speech tests were performed and found to be normal.Her hearing difficulty persisted, as did the sensation of blockage in her left ear.It was felt her symptoms were now suggestive of endolymphatic hydrops or a variant of Menie `re's disorder rather than King-Kopetzky syndrome.Her symptoms initially improved with diuretic use.A low salt diet had not been helpful.Nineteen months after her initial presentation her hearing had deteriorated.She now had a low frequency sensorineural loss (Figure 1) but with good speech recognition.A magnetic resonance imaging scan of her internal auditory meati and brain was normal.This evolving picture supported the diagnosis of Menie `re's disorder.
Topical Application of a Bioadhesive Black Raspberry Gel Modulates Gene Expression and Reduces Cyclooxygenase 2 Protein in Human Premalignant Oral Lesions
Authors: Susan R. Mallery, Jared C. Zwick, Ping Pei, Meng Tong, Peter E. Larsen, Brian S. Shumway, Bo Lu, Henry W. Fields, Russell J. Mumper, Gary D. Stoner
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Reduced expression of proapoptotic and terminal differentiation genes in conjunction with increased levels of the proinflammatory and angiogenesis-inducing enzymes, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), correlate with malignant transformation of oral intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN). Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of a 10% (w/w) freeze-dried black raspberry gel on oral IEN histopathology, gene expression profiles, intraepithelial COX-2 and iNOS proteins, and microvascular densities. Our laboratories have shown that freeze-dried black raspberries possess antioxidant properties and also induce keratinocyte apoptosis and terminal differentiation. Oral IEN tissues were hemisected to provide samples for pretreatment diagnoses and establish baseline biochemical and molecular variables. Treatment of the remaining lesional tissue (0.5 g gel applied four times daily for 6 weeks) began 1 week after the initial biopsy. RNA was isolated from snap-frozen IEN lesions for microarray analyses, followed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR validation. Additional epithelial gene-specific quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analyses facilitated the assessment of target tissue treatment effects. Surface epithelial COX-2 and iNOS protein levels and microvascular densities were determined by image analysis quantified immunohistochemistry. Topical berry gel application uniformly suppressed genes associated with RNA processing, growth factor recycling, and inhibition of apoptosis. Although the majority of participants showed posttreatment decreases in epithelial iNOS and COX-2 proteins, only COX-2 reductions were statistically significant. These data show that berry gel application modulated oral IEN gene expression profiles, ultimately reducing epithelial COX-2 protein. In a patient subset, berry gel application also reduced vascular densities in the superficial connective tissues and induced genes associated with keratinocyte terminal differentiation. [Cancer Res 2008;68(12):4945–57]
Remarks ON MANIACAL CHOREA
Authors: J. M. Finny
Journal: BMJ (1907)

CHOREA is one of the commonest of all nervous affections met with in hospital, as well as in private practice, and is very often associated with rheumatism.It presents varying degrees of severity, from the mildest form, consisting of awkwardness of movement and facial grimaces, to incessant, irregular movements and contortions, with such jerking and throwing about of the limbs, that the patient must be confined to bed, and watched to prevent her from injuring herself.In these latter cases (chorea gravis) some delirium, with delusions, is not uncommon.But there is yet a still more grave form of chorea, in which mania may supervene and so completely overshadow the motor disturbances that the true nature of the disease may be overlooked and the patient sent to an asylum.So wide is the difference in the symptoms that it seems hard to realize that it is really not another and a new disease, but only an exaggerated variety of the chorea simplex of Sydenham.The following is an example of maniacal chorea, or chorea insaniens ": CAsE (From notes taken by Mr. Thos.Graham, Resident pupil).-AnnieO., aged 17 years, unmarried, was admitted to
Combining an Antiproteinuric Approach with Mycophenolate Mofetil Fully Suppresses Progressive Nephropathy of Experimental Animals
Authors: GIUSEPPE REMUZZI, CARLA ZOJA, ELENA GAGLIARDINI, DANIELA CORNA, MAURO ABBATE, ARIELA BENIGNI
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Chronic renal diseases progress to organ insufficiency, which may require replacement therapy within one to three decades even independently of the type of initial insults. In the majority of cases, the degrees of proteinuria and interstitial leukocyte infiltration and scarring are strictly correlated with the rate of disease progression. This study tests the hypothesis that excess intrarenal protein traffic may cause lymphocyte-dependent interstitial injury that, while not fully controlled by antiproteinuric therapy, can be further inhibited by concomitant immunosuppression. A primarily nonimmune model was used to reproduce progressive renal disease due to a critical loss of nephron mass. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor limited proteinuria, interstitial inflammation, MHC class II antigen expression, and severe lesions. Combined treatment with ACE inhibitor and a specific antilymphocyte agent, mycophenolate mofetil, dramatically attenuated macrophage and T cell infiltration, MHC-class II over-expression, dendritic cells, and all manifestations of the disease. Evidence of lymphocyte-mediated renal injury in the setting of excess protein traffic provides the basis for combining ACE inhibition and immunosuppression to halt progression of proteinuric kidney disease and minimize the need for dialysis or transplantation.
Chemotherapy in Neuroendocrine/Merkel Cell Carcinoma of the Skin: Case Series and Review of 204 Cases
Authors: Patricia T. H. Tai, Edward Yu, Eric Winquist, Alex Hammond, Larry Stitt, Jon Tonita, Jim Gilchrist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To study the use of chemotherapy for Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the skin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five cases of MCC were treated at the London Regional Cancer Center between 1987 and 1997. Thirteen cases treated with chemotherapy were reviewed with 191 cases from the literature. RESULTS: At presentation, 24 patients had localized skin lesions (stage I) and one had locoregional involvement (stage II). Among the nine cases with recurrent nodal disease, six had chemotherapy as a component of salvage treatment. They were all free of disease at a median of 19 months (range, 12 to 37 months). In contrast, two patients who had salvage radiotherapy alone died of disease. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 59% and 43%, respectively, at two years. Median OS and DFS were 29 months (range, 1 to 133 months) and 9 months (range, 1 to 133 months), respectively. Nodal disease developed in 12 (50%) of 24 patients with stage I disease, and distant metastases developed in six (25%) of 24. Including those from the literature, there were 204 cases treated with chemotherapy. Cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin (or epirubicin)/vincristine combination ± prednisone was the most commonly used chemotherapy regimen (47 cases), with an overall response rate of 75.7% (35.1% complete, 35.1% partial, and 5.4% minor responses). Etoposide/cisplatin (or carboplatin) was the next most commonly used regimen (27 cases), with an overall response rate of 60% (36% complete and 24% partial responses). The difference in response rate was not statistically significant (P = .19). Among the 204 cases, there were seven (3.4%) toxic deaths. CONCLUSION: Chemoradiation for locally recurrent or advanced disease may be an option for patients with a good performance status.
Expression of Cell Cycle–Regulated Proteins pRB2/p130, p107, E2F4, p27, and pCNA in Salivary Gland Tumors: Prognostic and Diagnostic Implications
Authors: Giuseppe Russo, Alessandra Zamparelli, Candace M. Howard, Corrado Minimo, Cristiana Bellan, Giovanna Carillo, Luigi Califano, Lorenzo Leoncini, Antonio Giordano, Pier Paolo Claudio
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

The retinoblastoma family consists of the tumor suppressor nuclear phosphoprotein pRb/p105 and related proteins p107 and pRb2/p130. Recent immunohistochemical studies of the retinoblastoma family of proteins in lung and endometrial cancer and choroidal melanomas show a tight inverse correlation between the histologic grading in the most aggressive tumor types and pRb2/p130 expression. This led us to investigate the role of pRb2/p130 in salivary tumors. We studied the expression of pRb2/p130, p107, E2F4, p27, and PcNA by immunohistochemistry in a panel of 44 salivary gland tumors. We found a direct correlation between the cytoplasmic expression of pRb2/p130 and tumor grading and the presence of metastasis that was highly statistically significant (P < 0.001). Additionally, increased cytoplasmic pRb2/p130 expression was significantly correlated with a decreased probability of survival (P < 0.001). Interestingly, p107 nuclear expression showed a strong direct correlation when compared with the same variables. pRb2/p130 showed the highest percentage of undetectable nuclear levels in the specimens examined and the tightest inverse correlation (P < 0.0001) with both the histologic grading and pCNA expression in malignant salivary tumors. Additionally, E2F4 showed an identical localization pattern as to that of pRb2/p130. These data suggests an important role for pRb2/p130 in the pathogenesis and progression of certain salivary gland cancers.
Effect of interleukin 1 on human thymocytes and purified human T cells.
Authors: A L Maizel, S R Mehta, R J Ford, L B Lachman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Human Interleukin 1 (IL-1) purified by molecular weight fractionation, isoelectric focusing, and gel electrophoresis has been tested on human thymocytes and highly purified human T cells. IL-1 prepared in this manner could not support the long-term growth of T cells yet would augment lectin-stimulated mitogenesis. The IL-1 preparations were shown to possess the lectin-augmenting activity at dilutions containing less than 1 ng of the measurable protein. These data are in agreement with the model that IL-1 stimulates production of IL-2 from lectin-stimulated lymphocytes.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Production by Alveolar Macrophages in Emphysema
Authors: GERALDINE A. FINLAY, LORRAINE R. O'DRISCOLL, KENNETH J. RUSSELL, ELIZABETH M. D'ARCY, JAMES B. MASTERSON, MUIRIS X. FITZGERALD, CLARE M. O'CONNOR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that alveolar macrophages represent a significant source of matrix-degrading proteinases in the emphysematous lung. Macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 10 patients with emphysema and 10 normal volunteers were maintained in vitro for 24 h and assessed semiquantitatively for mRNA transcript levels of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) gelatinases A and B, macrophage metalloelastase (MME), and interstitial collagenase. Release of these MMPs into the culture medium and secretion of neutrophil elastaselike activity was also assessed. Elevated levels of mRNA transcripts for gelatinase B (p < 0.0005) and interstitial collagenase (p < 0.0005) were observed in macrophages from emphysematous patients. Increased collagenase (p < 0.01) and neutrophil elastaselike activities (p < 0.001) were also measured in conditioned medium from patient macrophages. With gelatinase B, complexed forms of the enzyme were secreted by patient but not by control macrophages. No difference in transcript levels of gelatinase A or MME was observed between patient and control samples, and neither enzyme was detected in macrophage-conditioned media from either group. These results directly demonstrate that alveolar macrophages from the emphysematous lung produce elevated quantities of matrix-degrading enzymes with both elastolytic and collagenolytic activities.
A STUDY OF THE DISSOCIATION OF THE RAWLINS STRAIN OF BACTERIUM TYPHOSUM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF ANTI-TYPHOID VACCINE
Authors: Francis B. Grinnell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

A study of the subcultures of the Rawlins strain of Bacterium typhosum used by twelve different laboratories for vaccine production showed that they all differed from recently isolated smooth strains in cultural characteristics, virulence and protective efficiency. Eleven of these Rawlins cultures gave both the flagellar and the somatic type of agglutination in anti-smooth rabbit serum, and the one culture so tested produced both flagellar and somatic agglutinins when injected into rabbits and man. Agglutination of neither the flagellar nor the somatic type can, therefore, be used as a test of the smoothness of a culture or as an index of immunity. Since the Rawlins strain differs from the smooth phase of Bacterium typhosumin cultural characteristics and in virulence, and is much less efficient than smooth strains as a protective antigen; and since the selection and maintenance of smooth cultures suitable for vaccine production present no serious difficulty, it would seem but logical to substitute virulent, smooth cultures for the very old Rawlins strain, if we are to expect the maximum protection from antityphoid vaccination.
Introduction to the Second World Congress on Controversies to Consensus in Diabetes, Obesity and Hypertension (CODHy)
Authors: Itamar Raz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Successful management of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension is a matter of great urgency in current medical practice because of the soaring prevalence of these three interrelated conditions worldwide. Their complications (first and foremost, cardiovascular disease) result in significant morbidity, which exerts a heavy toll on health care systems everywhere, especially in industrialized countries. Because the causes and effects of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are closely intertwined, preventing their complications requires a comprehensive approach. Massive research into the etiology and treatment of these three afflictions has recently generated vast amounts of data, which call into question many of the accepted treatment paradigms. They present physicians in clinical practice with the daily challenges of integrating innovative therapies into the treatment protocol, addressing difficult questions and making controversial decisions.

One of the major dilemmas faced by physicians in this field stems from the recent trials that revealed the relatively small benefits of blood glucose control in certain diabetic patients compared with the possible morbidity and mortality risk. On the one hand, follow-ups to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT-EDIC) (1) and the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) (2) have supported the importance of early diabetes control in preventing later cardiovascular events and microvascular complications. Moreover, the STENO-2 Follow-Up Study (3) from the Steno Diabetes Center in Copenhagen demonstrated that early treatment of cardiovascular risk factors reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality years later. On the other hand, however, the results of several trials—the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease Trial (ADVANCE) (4), the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study (ACCORD) (5), the VA Diabetes Trial (VADT) (6), and Heart 2D study (7)—have cast doubt on the benefits of tight glucose control in older patients with longstanding disease (the only exception being the …