tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Activation, Infectivity, and Production of Endogenous Type-C Virus From OM Rats2
Authors: Evelyne T. Lennette, Natalie E. Cremer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

T24C, a continuous cell line derived from the pooled thymic tissue of normal inbred OM rats, spontaneously produced type-C virus. The virus genome was expressed cyclically. The amount of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RDP) and the number of 1.14 g dense particles/ml fluctuated simultaneously with cultivation. The released virus, RPT24C, did not infect cell lines from the rat, mouse, dog, or human. T31, also a rat thymus line, during its 2.5 years of cultivation did not produce type-C virus. Cocultivation with potentially permissive lines did not rescue any virus. 5-lodo-2′-deoxyuridine treatments at earlier passages yielded negative results. Chemical treatment at passages 111, 116, 123, and 128 yielded varying amounts of 3H-uridine incorporation at a sucrose density of 1.14 g/ml. Enzyme assays on chemically treated T31 cultures tested at passage 111 showed a small but transient burst of RDP activity. T31-B, a subline of T31 which was frozen and thawed once, released rat type-C virus spontaneously at passage 56. Two additional sublines of T31 (NI-T31 and NII-T31) were maintained for 2.5 years in culture without any ceil-dispersing treatment. NI-T31, but not NII-T31, spontaneously released type-C virus. Once induced, the type-C viruses from T31-B and NI-T31 were continuously produced.
Allele Imbalance, or Loss of Heterozygosity, in Normal Breast Epithelium of Sporadic Breast Cancer Cases and <i>BRCA1</i> Gene Mutation Carriers Is Increased Compared With Reduction Mammoplasty Tissues
Authors: Pamela S. Larson, Benjamin L. Schlechter, Antonio de las Morenas, Judy E. Garber, L. Adrienne Cupples, Carol L. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Normal-appearing breast epithelium can contain genetic abnormalities, including allele imbalance (AI), also referred to as loss of heterozygosity. Whether abnormalities are associated with cancer or cancer risk is unknown.We performed a miniallelotype, using 20 microsatellites, on each of 460 histologically normal, microdissected breast terminal ducto-lobular units (TDLUs) from three groups of women: sporadic breast cancer patients (SP; n = 18), BRCA1 gene mutation carriers (BRCA1; n = 16), and controls undergoing reduction mammoplasty (RM; n = 18). We analyzed the results using Fisher's exact tests, logistic regression, and generalized estimating equations.AI was increased three-fold in SP and BRCA1 groups compared with RM. Both the number of TDLUs with AI increased (eight [5%] of 162 in the RM group compared with 24 [15%] of 162 in the SP and 22 [16%] of 136 in the BRCA1 groups; P = .0150), and the proportion of patients with AI increased (five [28%] of 18 in the RM group compared with 15 [83%] of 18 in the SP and 13 [81%] of 16 in the BRCA1 groups; P = .0007). The adjusted odds ratios (OR) for AI in TDLU increased in SP (OR = 15.5) and BRCA1 (OR = 13.7) patients compared with RM (P = .0025). This result was particularly evident on chromosome 17q (P = .0393), where more AI was seen in BRCA1 (OR = 12.4) than in SP (OR = 4.9) patients or RM controls.Increased prevalence of AI in normal-appearing epithelium is associated with breast cancer and increased breast cancer risk. The increased prevalence may reflect dysregulation, even in normal-appearing epithelium, of genomic processes contributing to cancer development. The clinical significance of genetic alterations in the subset of controls remains to be determined.
Prolonged prodrome, systemic vasculitis, and deafness in Cogan's syndrome
Authors: S Van Doornum
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Cogan9s syndrome is a rare, multisystem disease which occurs predominantly in children and young adults. It was originally described as the combination of interstitial keratitis and audiovestibular disturbance, but other forms of ocular disease, as well as systemic vasculitis, have since been recognised as part of the syndrome. Diagnosis can be difficult if the various manifestations occur separately, but early recognition is important because prompt treatment may prevent deafness. Two cases are presented here illustrating the features of this disease, and providing histological evidence of systemic vasculitis in both.
Immunologic Improvement Resulting from the Transfer of Animal Insulin–treated Diabetic Subjects to Human Insulin (recombinant DNA)
Authors: S Edwin Fineberg, John A Galloway, Naomi S Fineberg, Mary Jo Rathbun
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

To study the immunologic effects of transfer of patients from animal insulins to human insulin (recombinant DNA), a double-blind comparative trial was begun in over 300 patients. Preliminary results are reported in 116 individuals. After maintenance on purified pork or mixed beef-pork insulins (PPI or MBP) for a minimum of 6 mo, 116 patients were either switched to human insulin or maintained on their previous insulin. Antibody levels were assessed at a baseline visit and then monthly. In PPI-maintained individuals as well as those switched to human insulin there was a significant decrease in qualitative antibody binding as indicated by species-specific binding of 125I beef and human insulins (SBB and SBH), both P &amp;lt; 0.005. Quantitative binding, as indicated by bound insulin levels, decreased to a much greater extent in patients switched to human insulin, 52% versus 31%, P &amp;lt; 0.005. Parameters derived from formal antibody titration did not change. In patients maintained on MBP, bound insulin decreased (− 36% at 6 mo, P &amp;lt; 0.002). When switched from MBP to human insulin, there was a marked reduction in all parameters of binding, both qualitative and quantitative: SBP, −68%; SBH, −61%; SBB, −57%; bound insulin, −67% (all P &amp;lt; 0.001) and decreases in high- and low-affinity binding capacities (P &amp;lt; 0.02). Thus, for patients treated previously with nonhomologous insulins, transfer to human insulin may result in significant immunologic improvement in anti-insulin antibody levels.
Selective Depression of the Xenogeneic Cell-Mediated Lympholysis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: B. Charpentier, C. Carnaud, J. F. Bach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The immunological responsiveness of a panel of 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied in an in vitro model of xenogeneic sensitization against mouse lymphoid cells. Generation of cytotoxic thymus-derived (T) cells evaluated by a chromium release assay against labeled target cells was found to be drastically impaired in these lupus patients. Such depression was independent of drug therapy at the time of the study, clinical status, and other immunological parameters such as antibodies against native DNA, complement levels, cryoglobulinemia, circulating immune complexes, or T- and bone marrow-derived (B)-cell numbers. In contrast to the cytotoxic response, the proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, to allogeneic lymphocytes, and to xenogeneic lymphocytes were not significantly different from those of normal individuals. The latter response was shown to be H-2 restricted with the primed lymphocyte test. These results suggest the presence of a selective defect in the generation or in the expression of killer cells rather than a deficiency in antigen recognition by T cells. The role of serum factor(s) was examined by educating the lymphocytes of normal subjects in the presence of serum from SLE patients. Such manipulation affected both the generation of killer cells and the proliferative response. Finally our observations indicate that depression of cell-mediated immunity in SLE patients may be associated with several mechanisms including a cellular one, specifically affecting the generation of killer T cells, and a humoral one possibly as a result of antilymphocytic antibodies and(or) immune complexes.
Induction of pulmonary hypertensive changes by extracellular vesicles from monocrotaline-treated mice
Authors: Jason M. Aliotta, Mandy Pereira, Ashley Amaral, Arina Sorokina, Zenas Igbinoba, Alexander Hasslinger, Rabih El-Bizri, Sharon I. Rounds, Peter J. Quesenberry, James R. Klinger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

AimsCirculating endothelium-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) levels are altered in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but whether they are biomarkers of cellular injury or participants in disease pathogenesis is unknown. Previously, we found that lung-derived EVs (LEVs) induce bone marrow-derived progenitor cells to express lung-specific mRNA and protein. In this study, we sought to determine whether LEV or plasma-derived EV (PEV) alter pulmonary vascular endothelial or marrow progenitor cell phenotype to induce pulmonary vascular remodelling.
Calibrating the molecular clock: estimates of ground squirrel divergence made using fossil and geological time markers.
Authors: D G Smith, R G Coss
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1984)

According to 5-Myr-old fossil evidence, ground squirrels within the genus Spermophilus had diverged into subgenera Spermophilus and Otospermophilus by late Miocene times. Radiometric dating has also provided a precise time for the sudden onset of a geological event, occurring 0.725 Myr ago, that initiated the complete and permanent reproductive isolation of two subspecies within the subgenus Otospermophilus. Since these two subspecies (S. beecheyi beecheyi and S. b. douglasii) readily hybridize with each other under laboratory conditions, allopatric subspeciation is unlikely to have occurred prior to 0.725 Myr ago. We employed Nei's model for estimating genetic distance in units which are linear in time, calibrated on the 0.725-Myr-ago date for initiation of S. b. subspeciation, to test its ability to generate a time scale for subgeneric divergence in keeping with the minimum estimate provided by the fossil record. This represents the most valid test to date of the utility of Nei's model for estimating genetic distance in units which are linear in time. Nei's model was found to underestimate this minimum time by 1 Myr, but it approximated this date after correcting values of D for variation in rates of evolution among loci.
Occurrence of high‐grade T‐Cell lymphoma in a patient with philadelphia chromosome‐negative chronic myelogenous leukemia with breakpoint cluster region rearrangement: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Benjamin Djulbegovic, Terence Hadley, Frank Yen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract In this report, we describe a patient with Philadelphia chromosome‐negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with breakpoint cluster region gene rearrangement who developed T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. The occurrence of T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma coincided with the appearance in the bone marrow of the cytogenetic abnormality, trisomy 22q11.2 22qter. This is the first report of high‐grade T‐cell lymphoma in a patient with documented CML.
A nested case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and serum organochlorine residues
Authors: Nathaniel Rothman, Kenneth P Cantor, Aaron Blair, David Bush, John W Brock, Kathy Helzlsouer, Shelia H Zahm, Larry L Needham, Gary R Pearson, Robert N Hoover, George W Comstock, Paul T Strickland
Journal: The Lancet (1997)

Background The steady worldwide increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma during the past few decades remains mostly unexplained. Several studies suggest that there may be an association between the agricultural use of the organochlorine 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2′bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We have investigated the association between risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and body burden of selected organochlorines in the general population in a nested case-control study. Methods We measured prediagnostic serum concentrations of DDT, its metabolites, and other organochlorines, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in 74 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 147 matched controls identified from a prospective cohort of 25 802 adults, established in 1974 in Washington County, Maryland, USA. We report results for total lipid-corrected serum concentrations of DDT and total PCBs. Findings There was a strong dose-response relation between quartiles of total lipid-corrected serum PCB concentrations and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma overall (odds ratios by quartile: 1·0; 1·3 [95% CI 0·5–3·3]; 2·8 [1·1–7·6]); and 4·5 [1·7–12·0]; p for trend=0·0008) and separately in men and in women. There was also evidence suggesting that seropositivity for the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen potentiated the effects of serum PCBs. By contrast, total lipid-corrected serum concentrations of DDT were not associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Interpretation These results should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. Before causal inferences can be made about exposure to PCBs and increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, our findings require replication and the biological plausibility of the association needs further investigation.
Resistance to Imatinib of Bcr/Abl P190 Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Suparna Mishra, Bin Zhang, Jess M. Cunnick, Nora Heisterkamp, John Groffen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Around 20% of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and express the Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase. Treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib is currently standard for chronic myelogenous leukemia, which is also caused by Bcr/Abl. However, Imatinib has shown limited efficacy for treating Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In our study, we have investigated the effect of Imatinib therapy on murine P190 Bcr/Abl lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Three of four cultures were very sensitive to treatment with 5 μmol/L Imatinib. Significant cell death also initially occurred when the same cultures were treated in the presence of stromal support. However, after 6 days, remaining cells started to proliferate vigorously. The Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase present in the cells that were now able to multiply in the presence of 5 μmol/L Imatinib was still inhibited by the drug. In concordance with this, the Abl ATP-binding pocket domain of Bcr/Abl in the resistant cells did not contain point mutations which would make the protein Imatinib resistant. The effect of stroma in selecting Imatinib-resistant lymphoblasts did not require direct cell-cell contact. SDF-1α could substitute for the presence of stromal cells. Our results show that stroma selects Imatinib-resistant Bcr/Abl P190 lymphoblasts that are less dependent on Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase activity. Therefore, therapy for Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, aimed at interfering with the protective effect of stroma in combination with Imatinib, could be of benefit for the eradication of the leukemic cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(10): 5387-93)
Surgical Reconstruction of Occluded Pulmonary Arteries in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Gabriella Agnoletti, Younes Boudjemline, Damien Bonnet, Daniel Sidi, P. Vouhé
Journal: Circulation (2004)

This study was undertaken to determine outcomes and best strategies for treatment of occluded pulmonary arteries in patients with congenital heart disease.Between 1998 and 2002, occlusion of a previously patent pulmonary artery was established in 23 patients. Data were obtained retrospectively. Diagnoses were pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect in 11, tetralogy of Fallot in 6, and other forms of pulmonary stenosis or atresia in 6. Median age and weight at diagnosis were 9 years (range, 6 days to 43 years) and 24 kg (range, 2.6 to 60 kg). Fourteen patients had had a previous surgery. The occluded pulmonary artery was visualized at angiography by wedge injection or injection into the collateral circulation. The left pulmonary artery was occluded in 20 patients and the right pulmonary artery in 3. Criteria for reconstruction were estimated duration of occlusion <6 months and ratio of occluded to contralateral artery >0.2. Twelve patients fulfilled these criteria and underwent pulmonary artery reconstruction at a mean interval of 2 months (range, 6 days to 6 months) from evidence of occlusion. Six patients had pericardial patch reconstruction, 3 terminoterminal anastomosis, 2 thrombectomy, and 1 a Blalock-Taussig shunt. There was 1 late death. At a median follow-up of 4 years (2 months to 5 years), all patients underwent cardiac catheterization: in 8 patients the reconstructed artery was patent, in 3 reoccluded. Hypoplasia of the occluded artery was reversed in 6 patients.Our data show that in selected patients, reconstruction of an occluded pulmonary artery can restore pulmonary vascularization and reverse hypoplasia. Strict surveillance is mandatory to prevent pulmonary artery loss.
Sequential Binary Gene Ratio Tests Define a Novel Molecular Diagnostic Strategy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Assunta De Rienzo, William G. Richards, Beow Y. Yeap, Melissa H. Coleman, Peter E. Sugarbaker, Lucian R. Chirieac, Yaoyu E. Wang, John Quackenbush, Roderick V. Jensen, Raphael Bueno
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: To develop a standardized approach for molecular diagnostics, we used the gene expression ratio bioinformatic technique to design a molecular signature to diagnose malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from among other potentially confounding diagnoses and differentiate the epithelioid from the sarcomatoid histologic subtype of MPM. In addition, we searched for pathways relevant in MPM in comparison with other related cancers to identify unique molecular features in MPM. Experimental Design: We conducted microarray analysis on 113 specimens including MPMs and a spectrum of tumors and benign tissues comprising the differential diagnosis of MPM. We generated a sequential combination of binary gene expression ratio tests able to discriminate MPM from other thoracic malignancies. We compared this method with other bioinformatic tools and validated this signature in an independent set of 170 samples. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed probes. Results: A sequential combination of gene expression ratio tests was the best molecular approach to distinguish MPM from all the other samples. Bioinformatic and molecular validations showed that the sequential gene ratio tests were able to identify the MPM samples with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the gene ratio technique was able to differentiate the epithelioid from the sarcomatoid type of MPM. Novel genes and pathways specifically activated in MPM were identified. Conclusions: New clinically relevant molecular tests have been generated using a small number of genes to accurately distinguish MPMs from other thoracic samples, supporting our hypothesis that the gene expression ratio approach could be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 19(9); 2493–502. ©2013 AACR.
Vitamin D in asthma and allergy: what next?
Authors: S.T. Weiss, A.A. Litonjua
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Much of the original work on vitamin D and asthma incidence focused on birth cohort studies. These studies examined the effect of maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and its impact on asthma/wheeze in the first few years of life [1–3]. In all three of these methodologically well-performed birth cohort studies, higher maternal intake of vitamin D was associated with a lower incidence of asthma and wheeze in the child. However, one cohort study with very a small sample size and high loss to follow-up may have obtained spurious negative results as a consequence of these significant methodological flaws [4]. Another relevant concern is that the positive studies did not measure vitamin D directly but simply looked at maternal vitamin D intake, mostly from supplements, as a proxy for vitamin D levels.

This brings us to the study by Hollams et al. [5] in this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , which looked at 989 6-yr-olds and 1,380 14-yr-olds from an unselected birth cohort in Perth, Australia. Of the Raine cohort participants, 689 subjects were seen longitudinally at both ages 6 and 14 yrs, and the predictive value of vitamin D levels at age 6 yrs could be used to assess clinical outcomes at age 14 yrs. Loss to follow-up, the major validity threat in a study such as this, was demonstrated not to influence their results. Vitamin D levels at ages 6 and 14 yrs were predictive of allergy/asthma outcomes at that age. But more importantly, vitamin D levels at age 6 yrs were predictive of subsequent atopy/asthma-associated phenotypes at age 14 yrs. The significant results were restricted to males. This study is the first to demonstrate such an association, as seen in the early-life birth cohort studies, …
Primary Carcinoma of the Trachea
Authors: P. Ellman, H. Whittaker
Journal: Thorax (1947)

Primary carcinoma of the trachea, in its rarity, contrasts with carcinoma of the bronchus, whose increasing frequency has been recognized during the last twenty-five years.Since von Bruns's publication of the statistics available up to 1898, the literature has been reviewed by Krieg (1908), Lombard and Baldenweck (1914), d'Aunoy and Zoeller (1931), and Culp (1938), the last of whom reviewed in detail all cases reported up to June, 1936.In this paper we describe a case of primary tracheal carcinoma closely resembling one of Culp's reported cases, and we review the literature, including new cases from the period June, 1936, to December, 1945. HISTORYIn 1767 Lieutaud discovered a fibroma of the trachea at autopsy, making the first record of a growth in this situation.The first detailed study of a primary carcinoma of the trachea with a description of the histology was made by Langhans in 1871.In 1854 the laryngeal mirror came into use, and with this instrument Turck, in 1886, and Schrotter, in 1871, made the diagnosis of tracheal neoplasm in the living subject: To Killian, who in 1897 observed a tracheal tumour by endoscopy, Baratoux (1933) gives the credit for the first diagnosis of such a growth by this means. INCIDENCEAutopsy statistics confirm the rarity of primary tracheal carcinoma.Culp's two cases were, respectively, the only ones in 9,000 autopsies at the Pathological Institute of McGill University and in 12,700 autopsies at the Montreal General Hospital.In 5,063 autopsies, however, Fraenkel (1921) found 7 cases, by far the highest incidence so far recorded, and, in contrast to this, Stenn (1935) noted that Wright, in 5,000 autopsies at Guy's Hospital, found none.Dorothy Russell, in a personal communication, informs us that 82 cases at the London Hospital in which the trachea was involved in carcinoma included not one of primary cancer.Negus, in a personal communication, states that he has seen, in all, five cases of primary carcinoma of the trachea, including Neilson's reported case (1930) and three cases as yet unpublished.
Use of Intestinal Loops for Revascularization of the Heart
Authors: IVAN D. BARONOFSKY, JOSEPH L. SPRAFKA, JOHN F. NOBLE, LOUIS M. LEVY
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

Intestinal loops brought up through the diaphragm and attached to the myocardium will cause the formation of connections between the vascular supplies of the heart and intestine. The vessels that develop between these two organs are large enough to transmit thick suspensions of barium sulfate. India ink injected in the mesenteric vessel can be readily found on all surfaces of the heart as well as deep within the myocardium.
The Jmjd3-Irf4 axis regulates M2 macrophage polarization and host responses against helminth infection
Authors: Takashi Satoh, Osamu Takeuchi, Alexis Vandenbon, Koubun Yasuda, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Yutaro Kumagai, Tohru Miyake, Kazufumi Matsushita, Toshihiko Okazaki, Tatsuya Saitoh, Kiri Honma, Toshifumi Matsuyama, Katsuyuki Yui, Tohru Tsujimura, Daron M Standley, Kenji Nakanishi, Kenta Nakai, Shizuo Akira
Journal: Nature Immunology (2010)