tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: Screening identifies women having intimate partner violence but effects are unclear
Authors: Talia Pindyck, Allan V. Prochazka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

ACP Journal Club17 November 2015Review: Screening identifies women having intimate partner violence but effects are unclearTalia Pindyck, MD, Allan V. Prochazka, MD, MScTalia Pindyck, MDDenver VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA (T.P., A.V.P.)Search for more papers by this author, Allan V. Prochazka, MD, MScDenver VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA (T.P., A.V.P.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2015-163-10-003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationO’Doherty L, Hegarty K, Ramsay J, et al. Screening women for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;7:CD007007. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26200817Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: References1. Ellsberg M, Jansen HA, Heise L, et al; WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women Study Team. Intimate partner violence and women's physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence: an observational study. Lancet. 2008;371:1165-72. [PMID: 18395577] Google Scholar2. Renner LM, Whitney SD. Risk factors for unidirectional and bidirectional intimate partner violence among young adults. Child Abuse Negl. 2012;36:40-52. [PMID: 22269774] Google Scholar3. Crandall ML, Nathens AB, Kernic MA, Holt VL, Rivara FP. Predicting future injury among women in abusive relationships. J Trauma. 2004;56:906-12. [PMID: 15187761] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA (T.P., A.V.P.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 November 2015. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 November 2015Volume 163, Issue 10Page: JC3KeywordsDatabasesHealth careHealth screeningIntimate partner violenceMedical risk factorsMorbidityMortalityRelative riskSuicideSystematic reviews ePublished: 17 November 2015 Issue Published: 17 November 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Second solid tumors in patients with Hodgkin's disease cured after radiation or chemotherapy plus adjuvant low-dose radiation.
Authors: E Salloum, R Doria, W Schubert, D Zelterman, T Holford, K B Roberts, L R Farber, R K Kiehl, J Cardinale, D L Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE Late solid tumors (STs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease. To investigate the carcinogenic potential of two different therapeutic approaches, we measured the relative risk (RR) of STs in patients with early-stage disease cured after primary full-dose (approximately 40 Gy) radiation therapy (RT) and in patients with advanced disease who were treated with chemotherapy followed by low-dose (15 to 30 Gy) involved-field radiation (CMT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Because therapy-induced STs generally begin after a latency period of 5 to 10 years, we restricted our analysis to patients treated before 1986 who achieved durable remissions. Patients who required salvage chemotherapy or who died of Hodgkin's disease were excluded from analysis. The RR of STs was calculated by dividing the observed number of cases by the expected number in a matched population from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. The actuarial incidence of STs was also measured. RESULTS A total of 197 patients formed the RT group and 116 the CMT group. The median follow-up period in the RT group was 12.8 years, versus 13.5 years in the CMT group. The overall RR of STs in the CMT group was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6 to 3.5; P = .122). There were no cases of lung or breast cancer. In the RT group, the overall RR of STs was 3.3 (95% CI, 2.0 to 5.3; P &lt; .001). There were seven cases of lung cancer (RR = 10.8; 95% CI, 5.3 to 22.2; P &lt; .001) and two cases of breast cancer (RR = 2; 95% CI, 0.6 to 7.4; P = .07). All six benign tumors occurred in the RT group. CONCLUSION In patients cured by initial treatment for Hodgkin's disease, RT was associated with a statistically significant increase in STs, particularly lung cancer. CMT was not associated with a significant increase in STs. These data may have important implications for the design of newer therapies for early-stage Hodgkin's disease.
Part 4: Systems of Care and Continuous Quality Improvement
Authors: Steven L. Kronick, Michael C. Kurz, Steve Lin, Dana P. Edelson, Robert A. Berg, John E. Billi, Jose G. Cabanas, David C. Cone, Deborah B. Diercks, James (Jim) Foster, Reylon A. Meeks, Andrew H. Travers, Michelle Welsford
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Abstract 3949: Dynamic Regulation and Metabolic Functions of Lipin 1 in the Heart
Authors: Mayurranjan S Mitra, Zhouji Chen, Patrick Y Jay, Joel D Schilling, Brian N Finck
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Lipin 1 is an intracellular protein that acts in the nucleus to coactivate expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and at the endoplasmic reticulum to catalyze the conversion of ...
Monoclonal antibody therapy of malignant melanoma: in vivo localization in cutaneous metastasis after intravenous administration.
Authors: R K Oldham, K A Foon, A C Morgan, C S Woodhouse, R W Schroff, P G Abrams, M Fer, C S Schoenberger, M Farrell, E Kimball
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

The murine antimelanoma monoclonal antibody, 9.2.27, was administered intravenously to eight patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Biopsies of metastatic nodules clearly demonstrate the selective localization of this antibody on the melanoma cell surface with a dose-response relationship to the quantity of administered antibody. The antibody infusions were clinically well tolerated and the pharmacokinetics of the antibody and the antiglobulin responses are described. This study indicates that murine monoclonal antibodies have potential as selective targeting agents in the design of future therapeutic trials using monoclonal antibodies or conjugates thereof in the treatment of cancer.
Abstract #2489: Cytoplasmic Rad26 controls a response to microtubule stress in fission yeast.
Authors: Matthew Herring, Kendra Stephan, Rebecca White, Shawna Campbell, Nick Davenport, Tom Wolkow
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

The fission yeast Rad26ATRIP/Rad3ATR complex preserves genomic stability by participating in DNA structure checkpoint pathways. Our published data demonstrate that this complex is also required for proper cellular morphology, chromosome stability and during a response to microtubule stress that is independent of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. Our published data also demonstrate that Rad26ATRIP exists in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. To investigate the cytoplasmic role(s) of Rad26ATRIP, we created an allele of rad26+ that disrupts the cytoplasmic localization of Rad26ATRIP. Here, we report that this allele also disrupts cellular morphology, chromosome stability and the microtubule stress response while leaving DNA structure checkpoint signaling intact. We present a model whereby localization of the Rad26ATRIP/Rad3ATR complex regulates its signaling activities.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2489.
Comparison of Prediction Models for Lynch Syndrome Among Individuals With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fay Kastrinos, Rohit P. Ojha, Celine Leenen, Carmelita Alvero, Rowena C. Mercado, Judith Balmaña, Irene Valenzuela, Francesc Balaguer, Roger Green, Noralane M. Lindor, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Polly Newcomb, Aung Ko Win, Mark Jenkins, Daniel D. Buchanan, Lucio Bertario, Paola Sala, Heather Hampel, Sapna Syngal, Ewout W. Steyerberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Recent guidelines recommend the Lynch Syndrome prediction models MMRPredict, MMRPro, and PREMM1,2,6 for the identification of MMR gene mutation carriers. We compared the predictive performance and clinical usefulness of these prediction models to identify mutation carriers. Pedigree data from CRC patients in 11 North American, European, and Australian cohorts (6 clinic- and 5 population-based sites) were used to calculate predicted probabilities of pathogenic MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6 gene mutations by each model and gene-specific predictions by MMRPro and PREMM1,2,6. We examined discrimination with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration with observed to expected (O/E) ratio, and clinical usefulness using decision curve analysis to select patients for further evaluation. All statistical tests were two-sided. Mutations were detected in 539 of 2304 (23%) individuals from the clinic-based cohorts (237 MLH1, 251 MSH2, 51 MSH6) and 150 of 3451 (4.4%) individuals from the population-based cohorts (47 MLH1, 71 MSH2, 32 MSH6). Discrimination was similar for clinic- and population-based cohorts: AUCs of 0.76 vs 0.77 for MMRPredict, 0.82 vs 0.85 for MMRPro, and 0.85 vs 0.88 for PREMM1,2,6. For clinic- and population-based cohorts, O/E deviated from 1 for MMRPredict (0.38 and 0.31, respectively) and MMRPro (0.62 and 0.36) but were more satisfactory for PREMM1,2,6 (1.0 and 0.70). MMRPro or PREMM1,2,6 predictions were clinically useful at thresholds of 5% or greater and in particular at greater than 15%. MMRPro and PREMM1,2,6 can well be used to select CRC patients from genetics clinics or population-based settings for tumor and/or germline testing at a 5% or higher risk. If no MMR deficiency is detected and risk exceeds 15%, we suggest considering additional genetic etiologies for the cause of cancer in the family.
Chemotherapy and Cognitive Defects in Cancer Patients
Authors: Peter M. Silberfarb
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1983)

The cognitive functions are defined and discussed. Factors that place cancer patients at high risk for disorders of cognition are presented along with the problem of semantic confusion in this area. The cognitive impairment found in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy is reviewed, as is the importance of the mental status examination and the treatment of delirium in cancer patients. Several illustrative case reports are presented.
The impact of diagnosis: measuring the psychological response to being diagnosed with serious or potentially lethal cardiac disease in young competitive athletes
Authors: Irfan M Asif, David E Price, Alex Ewing, Ashwin L Rao, Kimberly G Harmon, Jonathan A Drezner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

To determine the psychological impact of athletes diagnosed with cardiac disease.Athletes diagnosed with cardiovascular disorders were recruited to complete the Impact of Event Scale (IES), a validated tool measuring responses to a traumatic event. IES scoring =0-88 (<12= normal, 12-32=recommend monitoring, >33=significant stress reaction). Subscales include: intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal.30 athletes (53% male, 83% Caucasian, median age 18.0, median age at diagnosis 15.7) participated. Diagnoses included: 6 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 9 Wolff Parkinson White, 4 Long QT syndrome, 3 atrial septal defect, 2 supraventricular tachycardia and 6 other. For the group, the mean IES-Revised (IES-R) score=16.6 (SD=12.1), subscales: intrusion 6.6 (SD=4.3), avoidance=7.4 (SD=6.5), hyperarousal=2.7 (SD=3.5). Higher risk individuals included: permanently disqualified athletes (p<0.01), athletes requiring daily medication (p<0.01), those with genetically inheritable conditions (p<0.01), and athletes undergoing medical management instead of definitive therapy (p<0.01). No differences were reported by gender (male=16.6, female=16.6). Higher IES-R scores were reported in more competitive athletes (college=17.8, high school=13.3; p=0.369) and African-American individuals (African-American=25.8, Caucasian=14.8 p=0.061), although not statistically significant. Athletes with cardiomyopathy (IES-R=24) and channelopathy (IES-R=28) reported the highest IES results. Athletes with high IES-R scores were most likely to psychologically respond through avoidance of feelings/situations/ideas.Athletes diagnosed with potentially lethal cardiac disorders are at risk for significant psychological distress. These athletes tend to avoid thoughts, feelings and conversations associated with their diagnosis and should be offered consistent emotional support to mitigate psychological morbidity.Currently, there are no recommendations to guide physicians on how to support an athlete that is newly diagnosed with a potentially career altering heart condition. Proper planning and use of appropriate support mechanisms can be useful for emotionally vulnerable athletes.
Experience with Regorafenib Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer at Aichi Cancer Center
Authors: Shiori Uegaki, Takashi Ura, Hiroya Tanigushi, Shigenori Kadowaki, Daisuke Takahari, Masashi Andoh, Mina Kato, Masahiro Tajika, Kei Muri
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Sequential prophylactic oral and empiric once-daily parenteral antibiotics for neutropenia and fever after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support.
Authors: C Gilbert, B Meisenberg, J Vredenburgh, M Ross, A Hussein, J Perfect, W P Peters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE We studied the effectiveness of prophylactic oral ciprofloxacin and rifampin on fever prevention in patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for breast cancer. Furthermore, we evaluated the toxicity and efficacy of empiric once-daily vancomycin and tobramycin for febrile neutropenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-nine assessable women received prophylactic ciprofloxacin and rifampin after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) for advanced or high-risk primary breast cancer supported with either bone marrow and peripheral-blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) or bone marrow purged with chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies. Neutropenic fever was treated with empiric once-daily vancomycin and tobramycin. Patients were compared with historic controls treated with the identical HDC and bone marrow support regimen. RESULTS In patients treated with bone marrow and PBPCs, the incidence of fever during neutropenia was reduced by ciprofloxacin and rifampin from 98% to 57%. Documented infections were reduced from 42% to 13% (P &lt; .01) and bacteremia from 18% to 0% (P &lt; .001). In purged bone marrow recipients, the overall infection rate decreased from 74% to 17% (P &lt; .001), and bacteremia from 29% to 7%. (P = .02). No patient developed breakthrough bacteremia or sepsis syndrome while on study. Serum creatinine level greater than 1.8 g/dL was noted in 7% of controls and 10% of study patients. Increased ototoxicity was not encountered with the higher peak concentrations of vancomycin and tobramycin. CONCLUSION The therapeutic strategy of ciprofloxacin and rifampin followed by once-daily vancomycin and tobramycin markedly reduced the incidence of infection and virtually eliminated bacteremia in both purged and nonpurged bone marrow recipients. Once-daily vancomycin and tobramycin was safe and effective and, because of the ease of use, facilitates outpatient management of ABMT patients.
The effects of VEGF-A on atherosclerosis, lipoprotein profile, and lipoprotein lipase in hyperlipidaemic mouse models
Authors: Suvi E. Heinonen, Annukka M. Kivelä, Jenni Huusko, Marike H. Dijkstra, Erika Gurzeler, Petri I. Mäkinen, Pia Leppänen, Vesa M. Olkkonen, Ulf Eriksson, Matti Jauhiainen, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) in atherogenesis has remained controversial. We addressed this by comparing the effects of adenoviral VEGF-A gene transfer on atherosclerosis and lipoproteins in ApoE−/−, LDLR−/−, LDLR−/−ApoE−/−, and LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice. After 4 weeks on western diet, systemic adenoviral gene transfer was performed with hVEGF-A or control vectors. Effects on atherosclerotic lesion area and composition, lipoprotein profiles, and plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were examined. On day 4, VEGF-A induced alterations in lipoprotein profiles and a significant negative correlation was observed between plasma LPL activity and VEGF-A levels. One month after gene transfer, no changes in atherosclerosis were observed in LDLR−/− and LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 models, whereas both ApoE−/− models displayed increased en face lesion areas in thoracic and abdominal aortas. VEGF-A also reduced LPL mRNA in heart and white adipose tissue, whereas Angptl4 was increased, potentially providing further mechanistic explanation for the findings. VEGF-A gene transfer induced pro-atherogenic changes in lipoprotein profiles in all models. As a novel finding, VEGF-A also reduced LPL activity, which might underlie the observed changes in lipid profiles. However, VEGF-A was observed to increase atherosclerosis only in the ApoE−/− background, clearly indicating some mouse model-specific effects.
Rapid Rise in Hypertension and Nephropathy in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE Among adolescents with type 2 diabetes, there is limited information regarding incidence and progression of hypertension and microalbuminuria. Hypertension and microalbuminuria assessments made during the TODAY clinical trial were analyzed for effect of treatment, glycemic control, sex, and race/ethnicity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cohort of 699 adolescents, 10–17 years of age, &amp;lt;2 years duration of type 2 diabetes, BMI ≥85%, HbA1c ≤8% on metformin therapy, controlled blood pressure (BP), and calculated creatinine clearance &amp;gt;70 mL/min, were randomized to metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone, or metformin plus intensive lifestyle intervention. Primary study outcome was loss of glycemic control for 6 months or sustained metabolic decompensation requiring insulin. Hypertension and microalbuminuria were managed aggressively with standardized therapy to maintain BP &amp;lt;130/80 or &amp;lt;95th percentile for age, sex, and height and microalbuminuria &amp;lt;30 μg/mg. RESULTS In this cohort, 319 (45.6%) reached primary study outcome, and 11.6% were hypertensive at baseline and 33.8% by end of study (average follow-up 3.9 years). Male sex and higher BMI significantly increased the risk for hypertension. Microalbuminuria was found in 6.3% at baseline and rose to 16.6% by end of study. Diagnosis of microalbuminuria was not significantly different between treatment arms, sex, or race/ethnicity, but higher levels of HbA1c were significantly related to risk of developing microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of hypertension and microalbuminuria increased over time among adolescents with type 2 diabetes regardless of diabetes treatment. The greatest risk for hypertension was male sex and higher BMI. The risk for microalbuminuria was more closely related to glycemic control.
MiR-125b Is Critical for Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition and Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Varun Nagpal, Rahul Rai, Aaron T. Place, Sheila B. Murphy, Suresh K. Verma, Asish K. Ghosh, Douglas E. Vaughan
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Cardiac fibrosis is the pathological consequence of stress-induced fibroblast proliferation and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. MicroRNAs have been shown to play a central role in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. We identified a novel miRNA-driven mechanism that promotes cardiac fibrosis via regulation of multiple fibrogenic pathways.Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we identified that miR-125b is a novel regulator of cardiac fibrosis, proliferation, and activation of cardiac fibroblasts. We demonstrate that miR-125b is induced in both fibrotic human heart and murine models of cardiac fibrosis. In addition, our results indicate that miR-125b is necessary and sufficient for the induction of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition by functionally targeting apelin, a critical repressor of fibrogenesis. Furthermore, we observed that miR-125b inhibits p53 to induce fibroblast proliferation. Most importantly, in vivo silencing of miR-125b by systemic delivery of locked nucleic acid rescued angiotensin II-induced perivascular and interstitial fibrosis. Finally, the RNA-sequencing analysis established that miR-125b altered the gene expression profiles of the key fibrosis-related genes and is a core component of fibrogenesis in the heart.In conclusion, miR-125b is critical for induction of cardiac fibrosis and acts as a potent repressor of multiple anti-fibrotic mechanisms. Inhibition of miR-125b may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of human cardiac fibrosis and other fibrotic diseases.
Critical role of protein kinase C zeta in head and neck cancer growth and survival
Authors: Ezra E. Cohen, Michael W. Straza, Marsha R. Rosner
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

3854 

Radiation resistant head and neck tumors (squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, SCCHN) are often characterized by amplification of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Previous studies have shown that EGF signaling in epithelial-derived cells can be regulated by the atypical protein kinase C isoform PKCzeta. Immunoblotting analysis of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in four SCCHN tumor cell lines as well as normal adult human keratinocytes indicates that PKCs alpha, delta, epsilon and zeta are expressed. Immunohistochemical analysis of SCCHN tumors also reveals expression of PKCs alpha, delta and zeta. In contrast to other PKC isozymes, only the active, phosphorylated form of the atypical PKC isoform, PKCzeta, is expressed at comparably high levels in all four head and neck tumor cell lines and in tumor tissue. In two tumor cell lines, PKCzeta activity is necessary for EGF induced MAPK activation, and in all the cell lines PKCzeta is required for EGF-induced DNA synthesis. In addition, PKCzeta mediates activation of the survival factor Nuclear Factor kappa B signaling in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in all four head and neck tumor cell lines. Inhibition of PKCzeta also promotes apoptosis in these cell lines. These results identify PKCzeta as an isoform that regulates key signaling pathways that lead to SCCHN growth and survival.
Functional Architecture of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: From Electric Organ to Brain
Authors: J L Galzi, F Revah, A Bessis, J P Changeux
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1991)

Acetylcholine (ACh) serves as a neurotransmitter in the brain and at the junction between the motoneuron and skeletal muscle . Its action at this site has been thoroughly studied (l). On rapid release from the motor nerve ending at a 0.1-1 mM concentration (2) , ACh diffuses through the synaptic cleft and causes the all-or-none opening of ionic channels selective for sodium , potassium, and other small cations . If the resulting depolarization is above threshold , it leads to an action potential and to muscle contraction (reviewed in 3) . In the brain , ACh also acts as an excitatory transmitter (reviewed in 4). The identification of the molecule that converts the ACh signal into an electrical response , the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR), has been greatly facilitated by using as highly specific ligands (5) a combination of a toxins from snake venoms (6, 7) on eel or Torpedo electric organs. These provide exceptionally rich sources of cholinergic synapses and possess a receptor closely resembling that from the neuromuscular junction (8, 9) .