tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Body Mass Index on the Risk of Colorectal Adenoma in a Metabolically Healthy Population
Authors: Kyung Eun Yun, Yoosoo Chang, Hyun-Suk Jung, Chan-Won Kim, Min-Jung Kwon, Sung Keun Park, Eunju Sung, Hocheol Shin, Hye Soon Park, Seungho Ryu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) states exist that seem to be protected from cardiovascular risks. Although obesity is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma (CRA), there has yet to be any study of the risks of CRA in MHO individuals. In this study, we compared CRA prevalence in MHO individuals versus metabolically healthy individuals who were normal in weight. This cross-sectional study involved 18,085 Korean adults (39.1 ± 6.7 years) who had a health checkup including a colonoscopy. High-risk CRA was defined as any adenoma over 1 cm, 3 or more adenomas, adenoma with a villous component, or high-grade dysplasia. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to measure the associations between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of low-risk and high-risk CRA. Low-risk and high-risk CRA were present in 9.3% and 1.4% of the study population, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, drinking, exercise, family history of colorectal cancer, education, and use of analgesic and aspirin, compared with normal healthy individuals, the prevalence of low-risk and high-risk CRA was increased in MHO individuals [OR = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-1.69 and OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.09-2.41, respectively]. In fully adjusted models, the prevalence of low-risk and high-risk CRA was associated with increasing categories of BMI in a dose-response manner (P for trend < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Thus, excess body weight, even in the absence of a metabolic unhealthy state, was found to be positively associated with increased presence of CRAs.
Towards a more rapid diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
Authors: M J Cassidy, G Gaskin, J Savill, C D Pusey, A J Rees
Journal: BMJ (1990)

An attempt was made to provide simple practical guidelines to alert general practitioners to the diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and lead to early referral to hospital. The duration of illness before referral to this hospital and its effect on outcome in patients with crescentic nephritis were assessed retrospectively from the case notes of 24 patients referred over two years. Four patients had Goodpasture9s syndrome, 11 Wegener9s granulomatosis, seven microscopic polyarteritis, and two idiopathic progressive glomerulonephritis. The duration of symptoms before referral to the local hospital was similar in the four groups of patients and varied from one week to 28 months (mean 10 months). The duration of stay in the local hospital was two, nine, 11, and 180 days in the patients with Goodpasture9s syndrome and a mean of four days (range one to eight) in those with Wegener9s granulomatosis and 10 days (one to 18 days) in those with microscopic polyarteritis. In the local hospital the diagnosis was based on the results of renal biopsy and detection of antibodies to glomerular basement membrane in two patients with Goodpasture9s syndrome and on the results of renal biopsy in seven of the other patients aided by the detection of antibodies to the cytoplasm of neutrophils (ANCA) in 10. Three of the 24 patients died and four required maintenance haemodialysis. Patients who present to their general practitioners with persistent non-specific symptoms should have a urine dipstick test and then blood tests and emergency referral to hospital if necessary. Hospital physicians should be aware of the speed and accuracy with which current assays can confirm a diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
Mast cell tryptase generate C3a from keratinocyte derived C3: Implication for allergic skin inflammation
Authors: R. Purwar, M. Wittmann, J. Zwirner, M. Oppermann, M. Kracht, O. Dittrich-Breiholz, R. Gutzmer, T. Werfel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Sensory Gating Deficit Expressed by a Disturbed Suppression of the P50 Event-Related Potential in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: F Jessen, C Kucharski, T Fries, A Papassotiropoulos, K Hoenig, W Maier, R Heun
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Disturbed sensory gating has been related to attention deficit and greater distractibility in patients with schizophrenia, and dysfunction of the alpha-7 subunit of the cholinergic nicotinic receptor has been discussed as its biological basis. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a cholinergic deficit, and postmortem studies have reported alpha-7 receptor loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the authors tested whether sensory gating is disturbed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. METHOD: Suppression of the P50 event-related potential following the second click of a double-click paradigm, a measure of sensory gating, was assessed in 17 Alzheimer's disease patients and 17 comparison subjects. RESULTS: Alzheimer's disease patients showed less P50 suppression following the second click relative to the comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Disturbed sensory gating might result from cholinergic dysfunction and possibly from alpha-7 nicotinic receptor loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Prospective studies should investigate the relationship between sensory gating deficit and behavioral disturbances in Alzheimer's disease patients.
Induction therapy of AML with ara-C plus daunorubicin versus ara-C plus gemtuzumab ozogamicin: a randomized phase II trial in elderly patients
Authors: U. Brunnberg, M. Mohr, R. Noppeney, H.A. Dürk, M.C. Sauerland, C. Müller-Tidow, U. Krug, S. Koschmieder, T. Kessler, R.M. Mesters, C. Schulz, M. Kosch, T. Büchner, G. Ehninger, U. Dührsen, H. Serve, W.E. Berdel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Hyaluronidase for Paraphimosis
Authors: J. O. Doyle
Journal: BMJ (1954)

CASE 2 A male petrol-pump fitter aged 42 was taken ill on Decem- ber 16, 1952, with a bout of profuse sweating.He stayed in bed and the sweating recurred every night.Lassitude and aching of the limbs appeared on December 20.These symptoms continued with an evening temperature up to 101°F.
Cellular distribution of transcripts for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in human hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: H Nakatsukasa
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The cellular distribution of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 was studied by using in situ hybridization in surgically removed human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs). The purpose of this study was to characterize the protein involvement of TIMPs in the development of HCCs and CCCs. All HCCs and CCCs expressed TIMPs. The distribution of transcripts for TIMPs in the tumors was mostly homogeneous. Expression of TIMP in cancer cells was more intense than that in the surrounding noncancerous liver (either, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, or normal), and expression of TIMP-1 was stronger than that of TIMP-2. Expression of TIMPs varied among HCC nodules, but there was no obvious association between the expression level of TIMPs and differentiation stages or invasiveness of the HCCs. Transcripts for TIMPs were clearly demonstrated in the metastatic HCC nodules in the lung. Expression of TIMP-1 CCC was strong, and small nodules of CCC were recognized in the liver. Immunohistochemical study for TIMP-1 revealed a consistent staining of the TIMP protein with the transcripts. In the peritumoral histologically normal liver, which was not infected with either hepatitis B or C virus, expression of TIMP-1 was found in various cell types, but that of TIMP-2 was weak. Expression of TIMP-1 in hepatocytes revealed clear zonal distribution. These results suggest that TIMPs may act on modulating the matrix/tumor interaction and may play an important role in growth and invasion of HCCs and CCCs. Expression of TIMP-1 can be a marker of HCC metastasis to the lung, and also that of the extent of CCC invasion. Furthermore, the consistent expression of TIMPs in many cell types of the noncancerous liver suggests some unknown functional role that must be clarified.
Trends in Anemia Care in Older Patients Approaching End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States (1995-2010)
Authors: Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer, Aya A. Mitani, Benjamin A. Goldstein, M. Alan Brookhart, Glenn M. Chertow
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Anemia is common in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Whereas the treatment of anemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has attracted considerable attention, relatively little is known about patterns and trends in the anemia care received by patients before they start maintenance dialysis or undergo preemptive kidney transplantation.To determine the trends in anemia treatment received by Medicare beneficiaries approaching ESRD.Closed cohort study in the United States using national ESRD registry data (US Renal Data System) of patients 67 years or older who initiated maintenance dialysis or underwent preemptive kidney transplantation between 1995 and 2010. All eligible patients had uninterrupted Medicare (A+B) coverage for at least 2 years before ESRD.Time, defined as calendar year of incident ESRD.Use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA), intravenous iron supplements, and blood transfusions in the 2 years prior to ESRD; hemoglobin concentration at the time of ESRD. We used multivariable modified Poisson regression to estimate utilization prevalence ratios (PRs).Records of 466,803 patients were analyzed. The proportion of patients with incident ESRD receiving any ESA in the 2 years before increased from 3.2% in 1995 to a peak of 40.8% in 2007; thereafter, ESA use decreased modestly to 35.0% in 2010 (compared with 1995; PR, 9.85 [95% CI, 9.04-10.74]). Among patients who received an ESA, median time from first recorded ESA use to ESRD increased from 120 days in 1995 to 337 days in 2010. Intravenous iron administration increased from 1.2% (1995) to 12.3% (2010; PR, 9.20 [95% CI, 7.97-10.61]). The proportion of patients receiving any blood transfusions increased monotonically from 20.6% (1995) to 40.3% (2010; PR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.82-1.95]). Mean hemoglobin concentrations were 9.5 g/dL in 1995, increased to a peak of 10.3 g/dL in 2006, and then decreased moderately to 9.9 g/dL in 2010.Between 1995 and 2010, older adults approaching ESRD were increasingly more likely to be treated with ESAs and to receive intravenous iron supplementation, but also more likely to receive blood transfusions.
Comparison of cardiopulmonary exercise test in COPD patients with and without coronary artery disease
Authors: Wilawan Thirapatarapong, Matthew Bartels, Hilary Armstrong
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:Coronary artery disease(CAD) is a common concomitant condition in COPD. As COPD and CAD can independently cause reduced exercise capacity, the combination of diseases may compound the abnormality during cardiopulmonary exercise test(CPET).

Methods: 54 COPD patients without CAD(COPDnoCAD) were matched to 54 COPD with CAD(COPD/CAD) due to age, sex, BMI and severity of COPD.

View this table:

Table1-Characteristics and PFT





Patients underwent pulmonary function and symptom-limited CPET.

Results: Comparing COPDnoCAD with COPD/CAD revealed that exercise capacity, measured by %peak VO2 and %peak watt, was lower in COPD/CAD.

![Figure][1] 



Ventilatory response, measured by VE/VCO2, was higher in COPD/CAD, with %peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 correlating to %FEV1 and inversely correlating with %DLCO

View this table:

Table 2-Correlation of CPET and PFT variables





Conclusion: COPD with CAD impairs exercise capacity and gas exchange on CPET. The findings may affect the interpretation of CPET in COPD with concomitant CAD.

 [1]: pending:yes
An Explicit Signature of Balancing Selection for Color-Vision Variation in New World Monkeys
Authors: T. Hiwatashi, Y. Okabe, T. Tsutsui, C. Hiramatsu, A. D. Melin, H. Oota, C. M. Schaffner, F. Aureli, L. M. Fedigan, H. Innan, S. Kawamura
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Color vision is an important characteristic of primates and, intriguingly, Neotropical monkeys are highly polymorphic for this trait. Recent field studies have challenged the conventional view that trichromatic color vision is more adaptive than dichromatic color vision. No study has investigated the pattern of genetic variation in the long to middle wavelength–sensitive (L-M or red–green) opsin gene as compared with that of other genomic regions (neutral references) in wild populations of New World monkeys to look for the signature of natural selection. Here, we report such a study conducted on spider monkeys and capuchin monkeys inhabiting Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica. The nucleotide sequence of the L-M opsin gene was more polymorphic than the sequences of the neutral references, although the opsin-gene sequences were not more divergent between the two species than were the sequences of the neutral references. In a coalescence simulation that took into account the observed nucleotide diversity of the neutral references, the Tajima's D value of the L-M opsin gene deviated significantly in a positive direction from the expected range. These results are the first to statistically demonstrate balancing selection acting on the polymorphic L-M opsin gene of New World monkeys. Taking the results of behavioral and genetic studies together, the balancing selection we detected may indicate that coexistence of different color-vision types in the same population, also characteristic of humans, is adaptive.
Can Routine Posttransplant HPV Vaccination Prevent Commonly Occurring Epithelial Cancers after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation?
Authors: Bipin N. Savani, Stacey Goodman, A. John Barrett
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

The association between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, female genital tract, and skin with human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes is well established in the general population and in solid organ transplant recipients, but no consistent link has been reported between HPV infection and SCC after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Studies are needed to determine if SCC, the most common secondary malignancy after allo-SCT, which is linked to chronic graft versus host disease and immunosuppressive therapy, is HPV related. Consideration should be given to assessing pretransplant HPV antibodies to identify patients at risk for HPV reactivation. If a strong relationship between HPV and second malignancies after SCT exists, studies to evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (subtypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) should be considered in both male and female long-term survivors after allo-SCT.
Replicated association of a regulatory polymorphism in the interferon γ gene with lupus susceptibility: Table 1
Authors: Kwangwoo Kim, So-Yeon Park, Taehyeung Kim, Young Mo Kang, Seung-Cheol Shim, Chang-Hee Suh, Yong-Beom Park, Chang-sik Kim, Changwon Kang, Sang-Cheol Bae
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the human interferon γ gene ( IFNG ) were found to be associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in our recent case–control study on 1759 unrelated Korean participants (742 SLE patients and 1017 controls).1 In particular, the SLE-susceptible (minor) allele in an SNP (rs2430561) located on an NF-κB binding site in the first intron was associated with elevated IFNG expression,2,–,4 consistent with previous functional implications of high expression levels of IFNG in lupus pathogenesis in human disease and murine models,5,–,7 although this SNP showed no association in several previous small studies.8,–,10

In our original study,1 the effect size of this SNP was considerable with an OR of …
The Place of Humor in Psychotherapy
Authors: WARREN S. POLAND
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The author, who believes that humor can be constructive in psychotherapy, describes two cases in which humor furthered the development of insight. Before using humor the therapist should evaluate the strength of the therapeutic alliance, since humor can be destructive. When humor is integrated and spontaneous, it denotes a good therapeutic alliance and is a useful tool for the therapist's intervention.
Steps in the Return to School of Children with School Phobia
Authors: ELISABETH LASSERS, ROBERT NORDAN, SHEILA BLADHOLM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Although a variety of methods for the treatment of school phobia has been proposed in the literature, most writers agree that returning the child to school as soon as possible is of primary importance. The authors discuss eight steps that they have found to be successful in helping the child return to school and helping his parents to keep him there. Case reports that illustrate the application of these steps in practice are also presented.
Taurine and the heart
Authors: R A Chapman, M-S Suleiman, Y E Earm
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Taurine and the heart Get access R A Chapman, R A Chapman British Heart Foundation Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Science, Park Row, Bristol BSl 5LS, United Kingdom: R A Chapman, M S Suleiman; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea: Y E Earm. Correspondence to Professor Chapman. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M-S Suleiman, M-S Suleiman British Heart Foundation Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Science, Park Row, Bristol BSl 5LS, United Kingdom: R A Chapman, M S Suleiman; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea: Y E Earm. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Y E Earm Y E Earm British Heart Foundation Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Science, Park Row, Bristol BSl 5LS, United Kingdom: R A Chapman, M S Suleiman; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea: Y E Earm. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 3, March 1993, Pages 358–363, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.3.358 Published: 01 March 1993 Article history Received: 25 August 1992 Accepted: 12 October 1992 Published: 01 March 1993
Practical application of experimental cancer research
Authors: C. L. Dunap
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Advances in cancer research usually are not dramatic, and socalled breakthroughs results from accumulated knowledge gained from the contributions of many investigators over a period of time. Prodigious research has produced steady gains, but there has been no single discovery that is of universal benefit to all patients with cancer and there may never be. The reason is that cancer is not a single disease. Experimental carcinogenesis has not produced clinically applicable results. Methotrexate has been shown to enhance the cancer-producing effect of dimethylbenzanthracene in the buccal pouch of the hamster; one wonders about the patient who is receiving methotrexate therapeutically and has an occult dysplastic oral lesion. Busulfan has been reported to produce dysplasia in multiple organ systems, and one author<sup>33</sup>observed abnormal cellular changes in exfoliated oral mucosa cells in patients who were receiving a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs. Similarly, oral and upper respiratory tract neoplasms are
Cell Type–Specific, Topoisomerase II–Dependent Inhibition of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Protein Accumulation by NSC 644221
Authors: Mark Creighton-Gutteridge, John H. Cardellina, Andrew G. Stephen, Annamaria Rapisarda, Badarch Uranchimeg, Karen Hite, William A. Denny, Robert H. Shoemaker, Giovanni Melillo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: The discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an attractive, yet challenging, strategy for the development of new cancer therapeutic agents. Here, we report on a novel tricyclic carboxamide inhibitor of HIF-1α, NSC 644221. Experimental Design: We investigated the mechanism by which the novel compound NSC 644221 inhibited HIF-1α. Results: NSC 644221 inhibited HIF-1–dependent, but not constitutive, luciferase expression in U251-HRE and U251-pGL3 cells, respectively, as well as hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in U251 cells. HIF-1α, but not HIF-1β, protein expression was inhibited by NSC 644221 in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Interestingly, NSC 644221 was unable to inhibit HIF-1α protein accumulation in the presence of the proteasome inhibitors MG132 or PS341, yet it did not directly affect the degradation of HIF-1α as shown by experiments done in the presence of cyclohexamide or pulse-chase labeling using [35S]methionine. In contrast, NSC 644221 decreased the rate of HIF-1α translation relative to untreated controls. Silencing of topoisomerase (topo) IIα, but not topo I, by specific small interfering RNA completely blocked the ability of NSC 644221 to inhibit HIF-1α. The data presented show that topo II is required for the inhibition of HIF-1α by NSC 644221. Furthermore, although NSC 644221 induced p21 expression, γH2A.X, and G2-M arrest in the majority of cell lines tested, it only inhibited HIF-1α in a distinct subset of cells, raising the possibility of pathway-specific “resistance” to HIF-1 inhibition in cancer cells. Conclusions: NSC 644221 is a novel HIF-1 inhibitor with potential for use as both an analytic tool and a therapeutic agent. Our data provide a strong rationale for pursuing the preclinical development of NSC 644221 as a HIF-1 inhibitor.
The monoclonal anti-phosphorylcholine antibody response in several murine strains: genetic implications of a diverse repertoire.
Authors: P J Gearhart, N H Sigal, N R Klinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The idiotypic identification of monoclonal antibodies has been used to define and enumerate clonotypes within the murine repertoire of B cells specific for phosphorylcholine (PC). The response in the BALB/c strain is dominated by a single antibody specificity which is identical to TEPC 15 protein; however, antibody without the TEPC 15 idiotype appears heterogeneous by idiotypic cross-reactivity and hapten inhibition of binding to antigen. Dissection of the PC-specific repertoire in the AKR, A/He, and C3H strains has indicated that some monoclonal antibodies share binding-site idiotypic determinants with TEPC 15, although these clones represent a minority of the precursor cells. In addition to providing insights into the heterogeneity and expression of the murine B-cell repertoire, these studies emphasize structural relationships between PC-specific clonotypes. Within the BALB/c strain, some antibodies share combining-site-related idiotypic specificities with TEPC 15, but differ in other variable region determinants. Among allotypically distinct strains, there exists a remarkable similarity of variable region determinants in at least a minority of antibodies.