tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High endothelial venules in involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin: recognition by homing receptors on cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: MADALENE C.Y. HENG, SUNI G. ALLEN, D.G. CHASE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

We report the presence of tannic acid staining material in the intercellular spaces between adjacent endothelial cells of the high endothelial venules (HEVs) in psoriatic skin, which appears to be recognized by T8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) lymphocytes, as the presence of HEVs was found to be related to the presence of T8 lymphocytes in the epidermis. As HEVs with similar tannic acid staining material were also observed in peripheral lymph nodes, we suggest that this material may serve as a marker for HEVs recognized by the T8 lymphocyte subset. T8 + lymphocytes were found in the epidermis at 5 min and I h after tape-stripping of uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients with active disease, but not until 24 h in a psoriatic patient in remission. The prior existence of HEVs in uninvolved psoriatic skin could account for the rapid egress of T8 lymphocytes from the vasculature to the epidermis in response to trauma.
938 PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS IS A RISK FACTOR FOR COLORECTAL CANCER IN YOUNG ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATIENTS
Authors: K. Boonstra, B.D. van Rhijn, E.P.M. Karregat, P.J. Kingma, A.H.J. Naber, R.K. Weersma, K.J. van Erpecum, C.M.J. van Nieuwkerk, B.W.M. Spanier, A.C. Poen, B.J.M. Witteman, H.A.R.E. Tuynman, U. Beuers, C.Y. Ponsioen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A small number of anti-CD3 molecules on dendritic cells stimulate DNA synthesis in mouse T lymphocytes.
Authors: N Romani, K Inaba, E Puré, M Crowley, M Witmer-Pack, R M Steinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Resting T cells enter cell cycle when challenged with anti-CD3 mAb and accessory cells that bear required Fc receptors (FcR). Presentation of anti-CD3 is thought to be a model for antigens presented by accessory cells to the TCR complex. We have obtained evidence that the number of anti-CD3 molecules that are associated with the accessory cell can be very small. We first noticed that thymic dendritic cells and cultured, but not freshly isolated, epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) were active accessory cells for responses to anti-CD3 mAb. DNA synthesis was abrogated by a mAb to the FcR but not by mAb to other molecules used in clonally specific antigen recognition, i.e., class I and II MHC products or CD4 and CD8. The requisite FcR could be identified on the LC but in small numbers. Freshly isolated LC had 20,000 FcR per cell, while the more active cultured LC had only 2,000 sites, using 125I-anti-FcR mAb in quantitative binding studies. Individual LC had similar levels of FcR, as evidenced with a sensitive FACS. FcR could not be detected on T cells or within the dendritic cell cytoplasm, at the start of or during the mitogenesis response. When the response was assessed at 30 h with single cell assays, at least 20 T cells became lymphoblasts per added LC, and at least 8 T cells were synthesizing DNA while in contact with the LC in discrete cell clusters. To the extent that anti-CD3 represents a polyclonal model for antigen presentation to specific T cell clones, these results suggest two conclusions. First, only 200-300 molecules of ligand on dendritic cells may be required to trigger a T cell. Second, the maturation of LC in culture entails "sensitizing" functions other than ligand presentation (anti-CD3 on FcR) to clonotypic T cell receptors.
Role of Imaging in Pretreatment Evaluation of Early Invasive Cervical Cancer: Results of the Intergroup Study American College of Radiology Imaging Network 6651–Gynecologic Oncology Group 183
Authors: Hedvig Hricak, Constantine Gatsonis, Dennis S. Chi, Marco A. Amendola, Kathy Brandt, Lawrence H. Schwartz, Susan Koelliker, Evan S. Siegelman, Jeffrey J. Brown, Robert B. McGhee, Revathy Iyer, Kenneth M. Vitellas, Bradley Snyder, Harry J. Long, James V. Fiorica, Donald G. Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) with each other and to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) clinical staging in the pretreatment evaluation of early invasive cervical cancer, using surgicopathologic findings as the reference standard.This prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted by the American College of Radiology Imaging Network and the Gynecologic Oncology Group from March 2000 to November 2002; 25 United States health centers enrolled 208 consecutive patients with biopsy-confirmed cervical cancer of FIGO stage > or = IB who were scheduled for surgery based on clinical assessment. Patients underwent FIGO clinical staging, helical CT, and MRI. Surgicopathologic findings constituted the reference standard for statistical analysis.Complete data were available for 172 patients; surgicopathologic findings were consistent with FIGO stages IA to IIA in 76% and stage > or = IIB in 21%. For the detection of advanced stage (> or = IIB), sensitivity was poor for FIGO clinical staging (29%), CT (42%), and MRI (53%); specificity was 99% for FIGO clinical staging, 82% for CT, and 74% for MRI; and negative predictive value was 84% for FIGO clinical staging, 84% for CT, and 85% for MRI. MRI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.88) was significantly better than CT (AUC, 0.73) for detecting cervical tumors (P = .014). For 85% of patients, FIGO clinical staging forms were submitted after MRI and/or CT was performed.CT and MRI performed similarly; both had lower staging accuracy than in prior single-institution studies. Accuracy of FIGO clinical staging was higher than previously reported. The temporal data suggest that FIGO clinical staging was influenced by CT and MRI findings.
The inhibitory complex of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and human leukocyte elastase is a neutrophil chemoattractant.
Authors: M J Banda, A G Rice, G L Griffin, R M Senior
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

An inhibitor-proteinase complex consisting of human alpha 1-PI and human leukocyte elastase is chemotactic for human neutrophils. The chemotactic activity is optimal at 1 nM and is associated only with the alpha 1-PI portion of the complex. Neither HLE in the complex, free HLE, nor native alpha 1-PI possesses chemotactic activity for human neutrophils. alpha 1-PI in complex is hydrolyzed at the Met-358-Ser-359 bond. The chemotactic activity is associated with the Mr 4,200 fragment of alpha 1-PI that has Ser-359 as its NH2 terminus. The region of the HLE-alpha 1-PI complex that stimulates chemotaxis appears to be the same as that of the Mr 4,200 fragment generated by hydrolysis of the Pro-357-Met-358 bond during proteolytic inactivation of alpha 1-PI. The data suggest the presence of a neutrophil surface receptor bound by alpha 1-PI after the formation of a complex with HLE or after proteolytic degradation. This receptor may play a role in clearance of these modified alpha 1-PI molecules.
Saccadometry: the possible application of latency distribution measurement for monitoring concussion
Authors: B C Pearson, K R Armitage, C W M Horner, R H S Carpenter
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Premature return to play after concussion may have debilitating or even fatal consequences. Computerised neuropsychological test batteries are widely used to monitor recovery, but none meet all specified criteria. One possible alternative is to measure saccadic reaction time or latency. Latency reflects the operation of cerebral decision mechanisms, and is strongly influenced by many agents that impair cortical function. A portable, micro-miniature device (saccadometer) was used to record the eye movements of amateur boxers before and after competitive bouts. Individual latency distributions were significantly affected after blows to the head, though the effects seemed to be reversible, with recovery over a few days. This quantitative, objective and easy to use technique should perhaps be deployed more widely to evaluate its potential in monitoring the effects of sports-related head injuries.
Early Repolarization
Authors: Jani T. Tikkanen, M. Juhani Junttila, Olli Anttonen, Aapo L. Aro, Samuli Luttinen, Tuomas Kerola, Solomon J. Sager, Harri A. Rissanen, Robert J. Myerburg, Antti Reunanen, Heikki V. Huikuri
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Early repolarization (ER) in inferior/lateral leads of standard ECGs increases the risk of arrhythmic death. We tested the hypothesis that variations in the ST-segment characteristics after the ER waveforms may have prognostic importance.ST segments after ER were classified as horizontal/descending or rapidly ascending/upsloping on the basis of observations from 2 independent samples of young healthy athletes from Finland (n=62) and the United States (n=503), where ascending type was the dominant and common form of ER. Early repolarization was present in 27/62 (44%) of the Finnish athletes and 151/503 (30%) of the US athletes, and all but 1 of the Finnish (96%) and 91/107 (85%) of US athletes had an ascending/upsloping ST variant after ER. Subsequently, ECGs from a general population of 10 864 middle-aged subjects were analyzed to assess the prognostic modulation of ER-associated risk by ST-segment variations. Subjects with ER ≥0.1 mV and horizontal/descending ST variant (n=412) had an increased hazard ratio of arrhythmic death (relative risk 1.43; 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.94). When modeled for higher amplitude ER (>0.2 mV) in inferior leads and horizontal/descending ST-segment variant, the hazard ratio of arrhythmic death increased to 3.14 (95% confidence interval 1.56 to 6.30). However, in subjects with ascending ST variant, the relative risk for arrhythmic death was not increased (0.89; 95% confidence interval 0.52 to 1.55).ST-segment morphology variants associated with ER separates subjects with and without an increased risk of arrhythmic death in middle-aged subjects. Rapidly ascending ST segments after the J-point, the dominant ST pattern in healthy athletes, seems to be a benign variant of ER.
Colonoscopic factors associated with adenoma detection in a national colorectal cancer screening program
Authors: Thomas Lee, Colin Rees, Roger Blanks, Sue Moss, Claire Nickerson, Karen Wright, Peter James, Richard McNally, Julietta Patnick, Matthew Rutter
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Adenoma detection is a key objective of colonoscopy, particularly in the context of colorectal cancer screening. The aim of this observational study was to identify the technical colonoscopy factors associated with adenoma detection. <b>Patients and methods:</b> The study analyzed data from the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. The indication for all colonoscopies was a positive fecal occult blood test. The relationships between the following colonoscopy factors and adenoma detection (one or more adenomas, advanced adenomas, right-sided adenomas, and total number of adenomas) were examined in multivariable analyses: bowel preparation quality, cecal intubation, withdrawal time, rectal retroversion, colonoscopist experience, antispasmodic use, sedation use, and start time of procedure. The following patient factors were controlled for: age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, deprivation, and geographical location. <b>Results:</b> A total of 31088 colonoscopies were analyzed. The following technical factors increased the relative risk of adenoma detection (<i>P</i> < 0<i>.</i>001 in multivariable analysis unless otherwise stated): cecal intubation, increased withdrawal time, higher quality bowel preparation, intravenous antispasmodic use, earlier procedure start time within a session (<i>P = </i>0<i>.</i>018), and greater colonoscopist experience. Detection of advanced and right-sided adenomas also increased with these factors. Adenoma detection did not differ between sedated and unsedated colonoscopy (<i>P</i> = 0.143). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study demonstrated important associations between colonoscopy practice and adenoma detection. Use of intravenous antispasmodic was associated with increased adenoma detection. The effect of the start time of colonoscopy suggests that endoscopist fatigue may have a deleterious impact on adenoma detection.
Negative neurofunctional effects of frequency, depth and environment in recreational scuba diving: the Geneva “memory dive” study
Authors: D O Slosman, S de Ribaupierre, C Chicherio, C Ludwig, M-L Montandon, M Allaoua, L Genton, C Pichard, A Grousset, E Mayer, J-M Annoni, A de Ribaupierre
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To explore relationships between scuba diving activity, brain, and behaviour, and more specifically between global cerebral blood flow (CBF) or cognitive performance and total, annual, or last 6 months' frequencies, for standard dives or dives performed below 40 m, in cold water or warm sea geographical environments.A prospective cohort study was used to examine divers from diving clubs around Lac Léman and Geneva University Hospital. The subjects were 215 healthy recreational divers (diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus). Main outcome measures were: measurement of global CBF by (133)Xe SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography); psychometric and neuropsychological tests to assess perceptual-motor abilities, spatial discrimination, attentional resources, executive functioning, and memory; evaluation of scuba diving activity by questionnaire focusing on number and maximum depth of dives and geographical site of the diving activity (cold water v warm water); and body composition analyses (BMI).(1) A negative influence of depth of dives on CBF and its combined effect with BMI and age was found. (2) A specific diving environment (more than 80% of dives in lakes) had a negative effect on CBF. (3) Depth and number of dives had a negative influence on cognitive performance (speed, flexibility and inhibition processing in attentional tasks). (4) A negative effect of a specific diving environment on cognitive performance (flexibility and inhibition components) was found.Scuba diving may have long-term negative neurofunctional effects when performed in extreme conditions, namely cold water, with more than 100 dives per year, and maximal depth below 40 m.
Sequence-specific activation of the DNA sensor cGAS by Y-form DNA structures as found in primary HIV-1 cDNA
Authors: Anna-Maria Herzner, Cristina Amparo Hagmann, Marion Goldeck, Steven Wolter, Kirsten Kübler, Sabine Wittmann, Thomas Gramberg, Liudmila Andreeva, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Christina Mertens, Thomas Zillinger, Tengchuan Jin, Tsan Sam Xiao, Eva Bartok, Christoph Coch, Damian Ackermann, Veit Hornung, Janos Ludwig, Winfried Barchet, Gunther Hartmann, Martin Schlee
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Plasticity of Cortical Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance
Authors: Robert C. Froemke
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2015)

Synapses are highly plastic and are modified by changes in patterns of neural activity or sensory experience. Plasticity of cortical excitatory synapses is thought to be important for learning and memory, leading to alterations in sensory representations and cognitive maps. However, these changes must be coordinated across other synapses within local circuits to preserve neural coding schemes and the organization of excitatory and inhibitory inputs, i.e., excitatory-inhibitory balance. Recent studies indicate that inhibitory synapses are also plastic and are controlled directly by a large number of neuromodulators, particularly during episodes of learning. Many modulators transiently alter excitatory-inhibitory balance by decreasing inhibition, and thus disinhibition has emerged as a major mechanism by which neuromodulation might enable long-term synaptic modifications naturally. This review examines the relationships between neuromodulation and synaptic plasticity, focusing on the induction of long-term changes that collectively enhance cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance for improving perception and behavior.
Medical pleurodesis – Safety, effectiveness and adherence to the guidelines: East of England DGH experience
Authors: Azhar Jahangir, Venu Sirpa, Arun Arya, Subramani Durairaj
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The aim of the study was to review the safety and effectiveness of medical pleurodesis performed in our trust.  This study was done in The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kings Lynn, United Kingdom.We looked at the medical pleurodesis performed from April 2008 to May 2010.The results were assessed against the British Thoracic Society guidelines for medical pleurodesis. We also looked at the side effects and success rate of the procedure.  Forty three events were analysed in 41 patients.Fourteen patients were admitted in 2008, 18 patients in 2009 and 7 patients in 2010. Twenty seven (64%) were female. The indications for the procedure were malignant pleural effusion 83%, pneumothorax 9%, and effusion of unknown origin 7%. The procedure was done on the right side in 73% and 27% on the left side. Talc slurry was used as a sclerosing agent in 41 events and bleomycin in 2 patients. The amount of talc and dilutent varied among the procedures. Four gram talc was used in 25 events (70%) and eight gram in two events. The amount of dilutent used varied between 10 and 50 ml. Lignocaine was used only in 65% of patients whilst 32% received Oromorph for prevention of pain. The average post procedure survival was 2.24 months and 14 patients died within a month of the procedure. Therefore the accurate success rate is difficult to estimate. However, the measured success rate of the procedure was 39.5%. Three patients experienced complications pain, fever, or oxygen desturation.  Medical pleurodesis is a simple,safe and effective procedure.We suggest that adherence with the guidelines is necessary to maintain the efficacy and consistency of the procedure.
Infectious Complications of Central Venous Catheters Increase the Risk of Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Hematology Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Cornelis J. van Rooden, Emile F. Schippers, Renée M.Y. Barge, Frits R. Rosendaal, Henri F.L. Guiot, Felix J.M. van der Meer, A. Edo Meinders, Menno V. Huisman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose We studied whether the risk of central venous catheter (CVC) -related thrombosis increased after an episode of CVC-related infection in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Secondly, we determined whether thrombosis can be predicted or excluded by CVC lock fluid surveillance cultures. Patients and Methods In a prospective setting, 105 consecutive patients were carefully examined for CVC-related infection and thrombosis. In all patients, microbial surveillance cultures of CVC lock fluid were taken every other day. All patients with clinical suspicion of CVC-related thrombosis underwent Doppler ultrasound or additional venography. Results The cumulative incidence of CVC-related infection was 24% (25 of 105 patients). Clinically manifest thrombosis occurred in 13 (12%) of 105 patients. In patients with CVC-related infection, the risk of thrombosis increased markedly in comparison to those without infection (relative risk, 17.6; 95% CI, 4.1 to 74.1). In patients having two or more positive subsequent CVC lock fluid cultures with identical micro-organisms, 71.4% developed thrombosis, as compared with 3.3% in patients with negative or a single positive culture. Conclusion The risk of clinically manifest thrombosis is increased after an episode of CVC-related infection in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Surveillance culturing of CVC lock fluid may be clinically useful in estimating the risk for thrombosis and the instigation of focused early intervention.
Accelerating Research on Genes and Environment in Parkinson?s Disease
Authors: J. William Langston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Although many accomplishments can be attributed to Dr. Kenneth Olden’s distinguished career during his tenure at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), one of the most long-lasting may well be his recognition of the potential relationship between environmental factors and human neurodegenerative disease and that the time had come to take a proactive approach toward advancing the science in this area. Until recently when we thought of risk factors for diseases that lurk in the environment, menacing agents such as asbestos, mercury, lead, and a wide cast of other known environmental pollutants would have come to mind. But the connection of potentially damaging environmental exposures and degenerative brain diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or even Alzheimer’s disease is a relatively new concept for most people, scientists and nonscientists included. However, this perception is rapidly changing, in no small part as a result of Dr. Olden’s astute scientific sensors and keen vision of the future. In this article, I review the evolution of ideas and research on the cause of Parkinson’s disease and provide an overview of where we are now. The final section of this article examines the future of this research and highlights what NIEHS, under Dr. Olden’s leadership, has done to help make it all happen.
Acute anaphylaxis due to topical chlorhexidine acetate.
Authors: R. J. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1992)

We describe a case of trazodone overdose in which hyponatraemia and seizures occurred.A 72 year old woman was admitted to hospital 10 hours after taking about 350 mg of trazodone.She had suffered from anxiety and depression for 10 years and had been prescribed trazodone 25 mg daily and oxazepam.She was also taking propranolol for hypertension.She denied alcohol misuse.Physical examination did not show any abnormality.She was fully oriented with a blood pressure of 180/100 mmHg and a pulse rate of 86 beats/min.Glucose and saline infusions were started at a rate of 1000 ml of 5% glucose and 500 ml of 0 9% saline a day.Twenty hours later she was sweaty and anxious.Her blood pres- sure was 210/110 mmHg and her pulse rate 120 beats/min.She ex- perienced two brief tonic-clonic seizures, which were treated with intravenous diazepam.At this stage her serum sodium concentration was 118 mmol/l, potassium 3 8 mmol/l, chloride 84 mmol/l, creatinine 62
Respiratory function measurements in a cohort of medical students: a ten-year follow-up.
Authors: P J Lawther, A G Brooks, R E Waller
Journal: Thorax (1978)

A cohort of medical students first seen in 1962 has now been examined for a third time. The prevalence of symptoms of cough, phlegm, and breathlessness among them has remained low, and smoking habits have been light in comparison with those of the general population. Results of the three successive sets of measurements of lung function indicate that, in general, optimum values were reached in the early 20s, with little further change up to age 29. There was some evidence of reduced ventilatory capacity in subjects with histories of acute chest illnesses.