tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coverage With Evidence Development and Managed Entry in the Funding of Personalized Medicine: Practical and Ethical Challenges for Oncology
Authors: Jan R.R. Lewis, Ian Kerridge, Wendy Lipworth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Personalized medicines hold promise for many diseases. However, demonstrating the clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of these medicines can be difficult. It is essential that decision-making processes for funding new medicines, including personalized medicines, are both robust and fit for purpose. We will argue that randomized trials of personalized medicines should be routinely supplemented with other research methods, such as observational research and single-arm studies, and that managed-entry funding programs, such as coverage with evidence development, may offer a means of providing early access to technologies where there is uncertainty about efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness. These programs, however, raise a number of practical and ethical challenges that need to be worked through and resolved.
Human papillomavirus genotype as a major determinant of the course of cervical cancer.
Authors: I Lombard, A Vincent-Salomon, P Validire, B Zafrani, A de la Rochefordière, K Clough, M Favre, P Pouillart, X Sastre-Garau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To determine whether the prognosis of invasive cancers of the uterine cervix is related to the type of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with the tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred ninety-seven patients with invasive cervical cancer were prospectively registered from 1986 to 1994. HPV typing was performed on DNA extracted from frozen tumor specimens by means of Southern blot hybridization (SBH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The median follow-up was 38 months. RESULTS HPV sequences were detected in 246 patients (83%): 150 patients had HPV16, 31 patients had HPV18, and 14 patients had one of the intermediate-oncogenic-risk HPV types (HPV31, 33, 35, 52, 58). In 51 patients, HPV type remained undetermined, and in 51 patients, no viral sequences were found. No significant associations were observed between virologic data and tumor stage or node status. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 100% for patients with intermediate-risk HPV-associated tumors, 58% for patients with HPV16-positive tumors, and 38% for patients with HPV18-positive tumors (P = .02). In multivariate analysis, patients with HPV18-associated tumors had a relative risk (RR) of death 2.4 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-4.59) than that for patients with HPV16, and 4.4 times greater (95% CI, 3.48-5.32) than that for patients with a tumor associated with a viral type different from HPV16/18. CONCLUSION The prognosis for invasive cancers of the uterine cervix is dependent on the oncogenic potential of the associated HPV type. HPV typing may provide a prognostic indicator for individual patients and is of potential use in defining specific therapies against HPV-harboring tumor cells.
Response to Comment on Boyko and Jensen. Do We Know What Homeostatis Model Assessment Measures? If Not, Does It Matter? Diabetes Care 2007;30:2725–2728
Authors: Edward J. Boyko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

My colleagues and I appreciate Dr. Rivas-Crespo’s interest in our work and his confirmation that our reformulation of HOMA to demonstrate that it is no different than QUICKI is mathematically correct (1). Rivas-Crespo does take issue with the value of the constant in the reformulation that we presented in 2007 (2). We agree that the value of this constant does depend on the units of measurement used for both the HOMA and QUICKI equations and that the formula we presented is appropriate when …
Abstract 1343: Abcc3 up-regulation confers protection from chemotherapy to NK cells in a murine model of malignant glioma
Authors: Serena Pellegatta, Sara Pessina, Gabriele Cantini, Emanuela Cazzato, Dimos Kapetis, Gaetano Finocchiaro
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Growing evidence suggests that chemotherapy can influence the immune response by inducing lymphopenia or enhancing immunogenicity of dying tumor cells. In a clinical trial currently active in our Institution, patients with first diagnosis of glioblastoma are treated with dendritic cells (DC) loaded with autologous tumor lysate together with standard radio and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 22 patients were analyzed by flow cytometry to identify immune cell activation before and after DC vaccines. The ratio of vaccine/baseline frequencies (V/B ratio) was correlated with the survival of each patient. Increased V/B ratio for NK cells was significantly associated with prolonged PFS and OS (median 15.0 vs 8.0 mo, p = 0.003; 22.0 vs 12.0 mo, p = 0.02, respectively). Using the murine malignant glioma GL261, we investigated the molecular mechanisms induced by TMZ on NK and CD8 T cells. We treated mice 9 days after intracranial implantation of GL261 cells with intraperitoneal injections of TMZ (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (control mice) for 5 days. Mice were sacrificed at different time points and tumor and peripheral blood harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry. Gene expression profiling on peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed an up-regulation of multidrug resistance genes in NK cells, but not in CD8 T lymphocytes, in TMZ-treated mice compared to controls. The increased expression of the ATP transporter gene Abcc3 was confirmed by real time PCR (4.2-fold higher than controls, P = 0.006). Using eFluxx-ID multidrug resistance (MDR) assay based on specific inhibitors, we also demonstrated that Abcc3 was functionally active during TMZ treatment. NK cell resistance to chemotherapy was accompanied by an increase in migration and homing ability into the brain at early time point and in cytotoxicity at later phases (beyond the end of TMZ treatment). Our data show that murine NK cells are resistant to and activated by TMZ chemotherapy. Further investigations in patients treated by radio-chemotherapy with or without DC immunotherapy are warranted. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Serena Pellegatta, Sara Pessina, Gabriele Cantini, Emanuela Cazzato, Dimos Kapetis, Gaetano Finocchiaro. Abcc3 up-regulation confers protection from chemotherapy to NK cells in a murine model of malignant glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1343. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1343
Long-term benefit of liposuction in patients with lipoedema: a follow-up study after an average of 4 and 8 years
Authors: A. Baumgartner, M. Hueppe, W. Schmeller
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Long‐term results following liposuction in patients with lipoedema are available only for an average period of 4 years. To find out whether the improvement of complaints persists for a further 4 years. In a single‐centre study, 85 patients with lipoedema had already been examined after 4 years. A mail questionnaire – often in combination with clinical controls – was repeated after another 4 years (8 years after liposuction). Compared with the results after 4 years, the improvement in spontaneous pain, sensitivity to pressure, oedema, bruising and restriction of movement persisted. The same held true for patient self‐assessment of cosmetic appearance, quality of life and overall impairment. Eight years after surgery, the reduction in the amount of conservative treatment (combined decongestive therapy, compression garments) was similar to that observed 4 years earlier. These results demonstrate for the first time the long‐lasting positive effects of liposuction in patients with lipoedema.
Cost-effectiveness of Statin Therapy for ASCVD
Authors: Jing Luo, Aaron S. Kesselheim
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Electronic Cigarette Use and Respiratory Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong
Authors: Man Ping Wang, Sai Yin Ho, Lok Tung Leung, Tai Hing Lam
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

To the Editor E-cigarettes are increasingly used, but their health effects remain unclear.The primary ingredients of e-cigarette liquid, propylene glycol and flavoring chemicals (e.g.diacetyl or diketone), are respiratory irritants and harmful to the lungs. 1 Well-documented respiratory toxicants such as particulate matters, volatile organic compounds and metals were found in ecigarette aerosol although in lower concentrations than conventional cigarettes. 2 Short-term adverse effects of airway resistance and inflammation have been observed in adults but null associations were also reported. 3Children are particularly vulnerable to respiratory pollutants yet no study has evaluated the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes in children.We assessed the association between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. MethodsDuring 2012/13, we surveyed Secondary 1 (US Grade 7, typically aged 12) to Secondary 6 students from 75 randomly selected schools using an anonymous questionnaire based on the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. 4An invitation letter was sent to parents, and student participation was voluntary.Ethics approval was granted by a local institutional review board.A total of 45128 students (94.5% of all invited) were available for analysis after data cleaning.Smoking status was defined as never-smoking, experimental smoking (smoked once or a few times), exsmoking (smoking in the past but not now) and current smoking (smoked on ≥1 day in the past 30 days).E-cigarette use in the past 30 days (yes/no), respiratory symptoms (cough or phlegm) for 3 consecutive months in the past 12 months (yes/no), socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, perceived family affluence) and secondhand smoke exposure were recorded.We weighted
Successful reinduction of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who relapse following bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: B Bostrom, W G Woods, M E Nesbit, W Krivit, J Kersey, D Weisdorf, R Haake, A I Goldman, N K Ramsay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

At the present time, there is limited information on the outcome of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who relapse after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Intuitively, it might be expected that leukemia recurring after BMT would be refractory to further treatment. In an attempt to improve survival in patients with ALL who relapse after BMT, we used standard chemotherapy for reinduction and maintenance. Of 65 patients who relapsed following allogeneic, autologous, or syngeneic BMT, 12 elected to receive no further chemotherapy, and their median survival from relapse was 36 days (range 13 to 167 days). The 53 patients who received therapy had a significantly longer median survival of 168 days (range 18 days to 4.7 years). With multidrug induction regimens there were 29 of 52 (56%) complete remissions. Six patients are currently alive, with two off therapy. In the patients who received therapy, the following factors were independent predictors of prolonged survival: longer time from BMT to relapse; younger age at diagnosis; and the use of a preparative regimen containing fractionated total body irradiation. In conclusion, leukemia recurring after BMT remains sensitive to standard therapy in many patients. We recommend that patients with ALL who relapse after BMT receive reinduction and maintenance therapy as additional good quality survival time is achieved in patients who attain a remission.
Artistic brain-computer interfaces: the expression and stimulation of the user’s affective state
Authors: Marvin Andujar, Chris S. Crawford, Anton Nijholt, France Jackson, Juan E. Gilbert
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2015)

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is rapidly transitioning to STEAM, which is the integration of the arts and design into the sciences. This transition is due to the need of adapting creativity in the sciences and engineering fields. This demonstrates the growing importance of the arts contribution towards the sciences in various ways. An area where art shows promise is in brain-computer interfaces. In this paper, we propose a definition for artistic brain-computer interfaces (artistic BCI) from a passive BCI perspective. We defined its composition in four fields: human-computer interaction, neurophysiology, art, and computing. This definition is based on the user's state stimulation and expression and how art could help us and the end user understand the user's affective state. We also discuss its applicability towards different areas and how these areas can benefit from artistic BCI.
Relation of Abnormal Proteins to Formed Elements of Blood: Effects Upon Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets
Authors: W C Levin, S E Ritzmann
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1966)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
PWE-242 A novel mri-based method to assess human colon volume in experimental opioid-induced bowel dysfunction
Authors: M Nilsson, TH Sandberg, JL Poulsen, M Gram, JB Frøkjær, LR Østergaard, AM Drewes
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Opioid treatment is associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal adverse effect collectively known as opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD). The most studied and prevalent symptom is constipation, occurring in up to 81% of patients. These adverse effects complicate effective pain management and furthermore, the current clinical gold standard for objective evaluation of constipation by abdominal x-ray exhibits poor inter-observer reliability and offers no quantifiable measure. The aims of the present study were 1) to develop a model for OIBD in healthy volunteers and 2) to establish whether a novel semi-automatic segmentation method to assess colon volume using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was sensitive to changes in colonic volume brought on by treatment with oxycodone. <h3>Method</h3> 25 healthy male subjects (mean age: 28 ± 9 years) were treated for five days with placebo or oxycodone 20 mg/day in a double-blind, cross-over design. Abdominal MRI scans were acquired at baseline and after 5 days of treatment in both treatment arms. Colonic volumes were determined for four separate colon segments (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid+rectum). For each segment, volumes were compared using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA with factors treatment (oxycodone vs. placebo) and day (day 1 vs. day 5). <h3>Results</h3> Placebo treatment did not significantly alter volumes for any colon segments. Oxycodone treatment significantly increased the volume of the ascending colon (P &lt; 0.01; day 1: 177 ± 72 mL vs. day 5: 250 ± 95 mL), the transverse colon (P &lt; 0.05; day 1: 192 ± 80 mL vs. day 5: 221 ± 82 mL), and the total colon volume (P &lt; 0.05; day 1: 760 ± 232 mL vs. day 5: 872 ± 220 mL). <h3>Conclusion</h3> An experimental model to assess OIBD in healthy volunteers has successfully been developed and may be used in future clinical and pharmacological studies to unravel the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of OIBD or to assess efficacy of novel treatment strategies such as peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs). Additionally, the present MRI-based method for objective assessment of colon volume is sensitive to changes in colon volumes brought on by treatment with oxycodone. Hence, it may be applied in other diseases or syndromes where information on colonic volume, content and morphology is valuable including conditions such as multiple sclerosis and irritable bowel syndrome. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Determinants of Receptor- and Tissue-Specific Actions in Androgen Signaling
Authors: Päivi Pihlajamaa, Biswajyoti Sahu, Olli A. Jänne
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2015)

The physiological androgens testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone regulate the development and maintenance of primary and secondary male sexual characteristics through binding to the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. In addition, a number of nonreproductive tissues of both genders are subject to androgen regulation. AR is also a central target in the treatment of prostate cancer. A large number of studies over the last decade have characterized many regulatory aspects of the AR pathway, such as androgen-dependent transcription programs, AR cistromes, and coregulatory proteins, mostly in cultured cells of prostate cancer origin. Moreover, recent work has revealed the presence of pioneer/licensing factors and chromatin modifications that are important to guide receptor recruitment onto appropriate chromatin loci in cell lines and in tissues under physiological conditions. Despite these advances, current knowledge related to the mechanisms responsible for receptor- and tissue-specific actions of androgens is still relatively limited. Here, we review topics that pertain to these specificity issues at different levels, both in cultured cells and tissues in vivo, with a particular emphasis on the nature of the steroid, the response element sequence, the AR cistromes, pioneer/licensing factors, and coregulatory proteins. We conclude that liganded AR and its DNA-response elements are required but are not sufficient for establishment of tissue-specific transcription programs in vivo, and that AR-selective actions over other steroid receptors rely on relaxed rather than increased stringency of cis-elements on chromatin.
The burden of severe asthma in childhood and adolescence: results from the paediatric U-BIOPRED cohorts
Authors: Louise Fleming, Clare Murray, Aruna T. Bansal, Simone Hashimoto, Hans Bisgaard, Andrew Bush, Urs Frey, Gunilla Hedlin, Florian Singer, Wim M. van Aalderen, Nadja H. Vissing, Zaraquiza Zolkipli, Anna Selby, Stephen Fowler, Dominick Shaw, Kian Fan Chung, Ana R. Sousa, Scott Wagers, Julie Corfield, Ioannis Pandis, Anthony Rowe, Elena Formaggio, Peter J. Sterk, Graham Roberts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

U-BIOPRED aims to characterise paediatric and adult severe asthma using conventional and innovative systems biology approaches. A total of 99 school-age children with severe asthma and 81 preschoolers with severe wheeze were compared with 49 school-age children with mild/moderate asthma and 53 preschoolers with mild/moderate wheeze in a cross-sectional study. Despite high-dose treatment, the severe cohorts had more severe exacerbations compared with the mild/moderate ones (annual medians: school-aged 3.0 versus 1.1, preschool 3.9 versus 1.8; p&lt;0.001). Exhaled tobacco exposure was common in the severe wheeze cohort. Almost all participants in each cohort were atopic and had a normal body mass index. Asthma-related quality of life, as assessed by the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) and the Paediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ), was worse in the severe cohorts (mean± se school-age PAQLQ: 4.77±0.15 versus 5.80±0.19; preschool PACQLQ: 4.27±0.18 versus 6.04±0.18; both p≤0.001); however, mild/moderate cohorts also had significant morbidity. Impaired quality of life was associated with poor control and airway obstruction. Otherwise, the severe and mild/moderate cohorts were clinically very similar. Children with severe preschool wheeze or severe asthma are usually atopic and have impaired quality of life that is associated with poor control and airflow limitation: a very different phenotype from adult severe asthma. In-depth phenotyping of these children, integrating clinical data with high-dimensional biomarkers, may help to improve and tailor their clinical management.
2012 provisional classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative
Authors: Bhaskar Dasgupta, Marco A Cimmino, Hilal Maradit-Kremers, Wolfgang A Schmidt, Michael Schirmer, Carlo Salvarani, Artur Bachta, Christian Dejaco, Christina Duftner, Hanne Slott Jensen, Pierre Duhaut, Gyula Poór, Novák Pál Kaposi, Peter Mandl, Peter V Balint, Zsuzsa Schmidt, Annamaria Iagnocco, Carlotta Nannini, Fabrizio Cantini, Pierluigi Macchioni, Nicolò Pipitone, Montserrat Del Amo, Georgina Espígol-Frigolé, Maria C Cid, Víctor M Martínez-Taboada, Elisabeth Nordborg, Haner Direskeneli, Sibel Zehra Aydin, Khalid Ahmed, Brian Hazleman, Barbara Silverman, Colin Pease, Richard J Wakefield, Raashid Luqmani, Andy Abril, Clement J Michet, Ralph Marcus, Neil J Gonter, Mehrdad Maz, Rickey E Carter, Cynthia S Crowson, Eric L Matteson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

The objective of this study was to develop EULAR/ACR classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Candidate criteria were evaluated in a 6-month prospective cohort study of 125 patients with new onset PMR and 169 non-PMR comparison subjects with conditions mimicking PMR. A scoring algorithm was developed based on morning stiffness >45 minutes (2 points), hip pain/limited range of motion (1 point), absence of RF and/or ACPA (2 points), and absence of peripheral joint pain (1 point). A score ≥4 had 68% sensitivity and 78% specificity for discriminating all comparison subjects from PMR. The specificity was higher (88%) for discriminating shoulder conditions from PMR and lower (65%) for discriminating RA from PMR. Adding ultrasound, a score ≥5 had increased sensitivity to 66% and specificity to 81%. According to these provisional classification criteria, patients ≥50 years old presenting with bilateral shoulder pain, not better explained by an alternative pathology, can be classified as having PMR in the presence of morning stiffness>45 minutes, elevated CRP and/or ESR and new hip pain. These criteria are not meant for diagnostic purposes.
Clinical Pharmacology of Digitalis Glycosides
Authors: J E Doherty, J J Kane
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1975)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
P-089 Treatment of metastatic gastric cancer with docetaxel-irinotecan combination: Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital experience
Authors: V. Conde, C. González-Rivas, J. Martinez-Galán, L. Ochoa, J. García-García, J. Ruiz-Vozmediano, E. González-Flores, L. Castillo, V. Amezcua, J.R. Delgado
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)