tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Triiodothyronine Supplementation in Infants and Children Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass (TRICC)
Authors: Michael A. Portman, April Slee, Aaron K. Olson, Gordon Cohen, Tom Karl, Elizabeth Tong, Laura Hastings, Hitendra Patel, Olaf Reinhartz, Antonio R. Mott, Richard Mainwaring, Justin Linam, Sara Danzi
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Triiodothyronine levels decrease in infants and children after cardiopulmonary bypass. We tested the primary hypothesis that triiodothyronine (T3) repletion is safe in this population and produces improvements in postoperative clinical outcome.The TRICC study was a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in children younger than 2 years old undergoing heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Enrollment was stratified by surgical diagnosis. Time to extubation (TTE) was the primary outcome. Patients received intravenous T3 as Triostat (n=98) or placebo (n=95), and data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards. Overall, TTE was similar between groups. There were no differences in adverse event rates, including arrhythmia. Prespecified analyses showed a significant interaction between age and treatment (P=0.0012). For patients younger than 5 months, the hazard ratio (chance of extubation) for Triostat was 1.72. (P=0.0216). Placebo median TTE was 98 hours with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 71 to 142 compared to Triostat TTE at 55 hours with CI of 44 to 92. TTE shortening corresponded to a reduction in inotropic agent use and improvement in cardiac function. For children 5 months of age, or older, Triostat produced a significant delay in median TTE: 16 hours (CI, 7-22) for placebo and 20 hours (CI, 16-45) for Triostat and (hazard ratio, 0.60; P=0.0220).T3 supplementation is safe. Analyses using age stratification indicate that T3 supplementation provides clinical advantages in patients younger than 5 months and no benefit for those older than 5 months. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00027417.
The expression of the negative regulator of gene transcription SOCS3 as the crucial marker in the asthma pathogenesis
Authors: Valeriy Mineev, Lada Sorokina, Michail Nyoma, Valeria Lim, Vasiliy Trofimov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The aim of study is to analyze expression of negative regulator of transcription SOCS3 in peripheral blood of patients with allergic & non-allergic asthma (BA).  Materials and methods. 20 healthy controls, 51 with allergic and 39 non-allergic BA patients were examined. Expression of SOCS3 protein was analyzed by Western blotting. Western blotting was performed through standard procedure. Antibodies against SOCS3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, UK) were used. Level of protein was analyzed according to β-actin using anti-actin antibodies (Sigma Aldrich, USA). Lymphocytes derived from patients were additionally analyzed after 1h incubation with and without IL-4 10 ng/ml.  Results. We received differences in expression of SOCS3 with and without IL-4 (p=0,012 and p=0,033; Kruskal-Wallis crit.) in every group. We determined increase of SOCS3 expression in mononuclears of peripheral blood in allergic (p=0,022, crit. of Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and non-allergic BA (p=0,002, crit. of Kolmogorov-Smirnov) in comparison with control group. However, significant differences after action of IL-4 were estimated only in non-allergic BA group (p=0,007, crit. of Kolmogorov-Smirnov) compared with control. The effect of IL-4 resulted in increase of SOCS3 expression in all groups. We observed significant correlations between the level of SOCS3 expression and level of FEV1 in bronchodilation test (R=-0,44, p=0,001) and the dayly dose of corticosteroids in patients with allergic BA (R=0,4, p=0,004).  Conclusion. The increase of SOCS3 can play important role as the marker of inflammation in asthma and may significantly correlate with main clinical characteristics (FEV1) of severity in allergic asthma.
PTEN tumor suppressor regulates p53 protein levels and activity through phosphatase-dependent and -independent mechanisms
Authors: Daniel J. Freeman, Andrew G. Li, Gang Wei, Heng-Hong Li, Nathalie Kertesz, Ralf Lesche, Andrew D. Whale, Hilda Martinez-Diaz, Nora Rozengurt, Robert D. Cardiff, Xuan Liu, Hong Wu
Journal: Cancer Cell (2003)
Iron deficiency after partial gastrectomy
Authors: J. R. Hobbs
Journal: Gut (1961)

Iron-deficiency anaemia will develop in half the males and nearly all females after partial gastrectomy, and in addition to causing the anaemia the sideropenia may cause any general symptoms such as lassitude, failure to maintain weight, or dumping symptoms. The variable response to treatment is due to the fact that ferrous iron is not adequately released from coated tablets taken after meals and rapidly emptied from the gastric remnant. Treatment with chelated iron is more reliable, and one tablet taken on lying down each night is adequate in the treatment of mild anaemia and for its prevention in women during the reproductive life.
Modulation of G Protein Signaling Normalizes Tumor Vessels
Authors: Mitali Manzur, Juliana Hamzah, Ruth Ganss
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract G protein–coupled biological processes are important for an ever-increasing number of human diseases and require fine-tuning through accessory molecules such as the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS). RGS5, a marker for tumor-resident pericytes, was recently established as playing a pivotal role in vascular maturation and vessel remodeling during carcinogenesis. Remarkably, tumors arising in a RGS5-deficient background display vessels with normalized morphology and an overall improved blood flow. Furthermore, these morphologic changes also lead to dramatic improvements in lymphocyte access to tumors and success of antitumor immunotherapy. Here, we consider the implications of these findings, and how they contribute to enhancing our understanding of remodeling angiogenic vessels as means for improving anticancer therapies. [Cancer Res 2009;69(2):396–9]
Observing and conditioned reinforcement
Authors: James A. Dinsmoor
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1983)

When experimenters require their subjects to perform some readily recorded response to gain access to discriminative stimuli but do not permit this behavior to alter the schedule of reinforcement, the response is classified, by analogy, as an “observing” response. Observing responses have been used not only to analyze discrimination learning but also to substantiate the concept of conditioned reinforcement and to measure the reinforcing effect of stimuli serving other behavioral functions. A controversy, however, centers around the puzzling question of how observing can be sustained when the resulting stimuli are not associated with any increase in the frequency of primary reinforcement. Two possible answers have been advanced: (a) that differential preparatory responses to these stimuli as conditional stimuli make both the receipt and the nonreceipt of unconditional stimuli more reinforcing; and (b) that information concerning biologically significant events is inherently reinforcing. It appears, however, that the stimulus associated with the less desirable outcome is not reinforcing. The maintenance of observing can be reconciled with the traditional theory that the acquisition of reinforcing properties proceeds according to the same rules as those for Pavlovian conditioning if it is recognized that the subject is selective in what it observes and procures a greater than proportionate exposure to the stimulus associated with the more desirable outcome. As a result of this selection, the overall frequency of primary reinforcement increases in the presence of the observed stimuli and declines in the presence of the nondifferential stimuli that prevail when the subject is not observing.
Consideration of Natriuretic Peptide Receptor C
Authors: Elisha J. Hamilton, Gemma A. Figtree, Helge H. Rasmussen
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

With interest, we read the recent article by Castro et al, 1 and the corresponding editorial, 2 in Circulation Research, in which the authors find differential regulation of cGMP produced by particulate guanylyl cyclase (pGC) compared with that produced by soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC).This work by experts in the field provides strong evidence in support of the paradigm of compartmentation of cGMP by phosphodiesterases within specific cellular microdomains.4][5] When investigating the differences between sGC and pGC activation, it has been traditionally acceptable to differentiate the 2 pathways by "selectively" activating sGC with nitric oxide donors and "selectively" activating pGC using ANP. 6However, with ANP able to bind to NPR-C with an affinity almost equal to that of NPR-A 7 and activate nitric oxide synthase via this receptor, 3 the distinct separation of pGC and sGC activation by the use of ANP needs to be urgently questioned.
TCT-685 Costs Of Peri-Procedural Complications Among Patients Treated With A Self-Expanding Transcatheter Aortic Valve Prosthesis: Results From The CoreValve US Pivotal Extreme Risk Study
Authors: Suzanne J. Baron, Suzanne V. Arnold, Matthew R. Reynolds, Yang Lei, Elizabeth Magnuson, Timothy J. Byrne, Tanvir Bajwa, Daniel O'Hair, David Adams, Jeffrey Popma, David Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Gall bladder dysmotility: a risk factor for gall stone formation in hypertriglyceridaemia and reversal on triglyceride lowering therapy by bezafibrate and fish oil
Authors: I J A M Jonkers, A H M Smelt, M Ledeboer, M E Hollum, I Biemond, F Kuipers, F Stellaard, R Boverhof, A E Meinders, C H B W Lamers, A A M Masclee
Journal: Gut (2002)

The aim of this study was to unravel the mechanisms responsible for the increased risk of gall stone disease in hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) and to compare the effects of triglyceride lowering therapy by bezafibrate and fish oil on determinants of cholelithiasis (biliary lipid composition and gall bladder motility) in HTG patients.Gall bladder motility (ultrasonography) was studied postprandially and during infusion of cholecystokinin (CCK). Determinants of cholelithiasis and serum lipids were compared between nine HTG patients and 10 age, sex, and body mass index matched normolipidaemic controls. The effects of bezafibrate and fish oil in HTG patients were studied in a randomised cross over trial.HTG patients showed 14-fold higher serum triglyceride (TG) levels than controls. Biliary lipid composition, fasting gall bladder volumes, and CCK levels did not differ between HTG patients and controls. Gall bladder emptying was reduced in HTG patients compared with controls during CCK infusion (-22%) as well as in response to a meal (-37%; both p<0.001). Postprandial CCK levels were significantly higher in HTG patients. Both bezafibrate and fish oil reduced serum TG levels (-68% and -51% v baseline, respectively; both p<0.01). Fasting CCK levels were not affected whereas CCK induced gall bladder emptying increased during bezafibrate (+29%; p<0.001) and tended to increase on fish oil therapy (+13%; p=0.07). Postprandial gall bladder motility improved on bezafibrate and fish oil (+47 and +25% v baseline, respectively; both p<0.02) at least partly due to increased gall bladder sensitivity to CCK (both p<0.05 v baseline). Bezafibrate but not fish oil increased the molar ratio of cholesterol to bile acids (+40%; p</=0.05) but no effects on cholesterol saturation index were seen with either treatment.We suggest that impaired gall bladder motility occurs in HTG patients due to decreased sensitivity to CCK, which may add to the enhanced risk of gall stone disease in HTG patients. Triglyceride lowering therapy by both fish oil and bezafibrate improve gall bladder dysmotility without adversely affecting biliary cholesterol saturation.
CD25 expression on donor CD4+ or CD8+ T cells is associated with an increased risk for graft-versus-host disease after HLA-identical stem cell transplantation in humans
Authors: Marta Stanzani, Sergio L. R. Martins, Rima M. Saliba, Lisa S. St. John, Susan Bryan, Daniel Couriel, John McMannis, Richard E. Champlin, Jeffrey J. Molldrem, Krishna V. Komanduri
Journal: Blood (2003)
Pharmacological inhibition of fatty-acid oxidation synergistically enhances the effect of l-asparaginase in childhood ALL cells
Authors: I Hermanova, A Arruabarrena-Aristorena, K Valis, H Nuskova, M Alberich-Jorda, K Fiser, S Fernandez-Ruiz, D Kavan, A Pecinova, M Niso-Santano, M Zaliova, P Novak, J Houstek, T Mracek, G Kroemer, A Carracedo, J Trka, J Starkova
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Parental History of Diabetes Modifies the Association Between Abdominal Adiposity and Hyperglycemia
Authors: Rob M. van Dam, Jolanda M.A. Boer, Edith J.M. Feskens, Jaap C. Seidell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

To examine whether the association between abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia differs according to the presence of a parental history of diabetes.We conducted a cross-sectional study of 3,068 men and women, aged 20-65 years, without known diabetes who were fasting participants of a population-based study in three Dutch towns. Hyperglycemia was defined as a fasting plasma glucose concentration of 6.1 mmol/l (American Diabetes Association criterion). Waist circumference was categorized according to previously defined waist action levels. All estimates were adjusted for age and town.The regression coefficients for the association between waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose were larger in participants who had a parental history of diabetes than in those who did not (men beta = 0.31 vs. 0.16 mmol/SD, P [for interaction] = 0.003; women beta = 0.24 vs. 0.11 mmol/SD, P = 0.002). Furthermore, larger waist circumference (men > or = 94 vs. < 94 cm, women > or = 88 vs. < 80 cm) was associated with a greater excess prevalence of hyperglycemia in participants who had a parental history of diabetes than in those who did not (men 12.4 vs. 2.0%, P = 0.03; women 13.6 vs. 5.9%, P = 0.05). Adjustment for physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking, and educational level did not materially change the results.These findings indicate that the association between abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia is stronger in the presence of a parental history of diabetes. Blood glucose screening may be warranted at lower levels of waist circumference in individuals with a parental history of diabetes.
The Functional Neuroanatomy of the Placebo Effect
Authors: Helen S. Mayberg, J. Arturo Silva, Steven K. Brannan, Janet L. Tekell, Roderick K. Mahurin, Scott McGinnis, Paul A. Jerabek
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Administration of placebo can result in a clinical response indistinguishable from that seen with active antidepressant treatment. Functional brain correlates of this phenomenon have not been fully characterized. METHOD: Changes in brain glucose metabolism were measured by using positron emission tomography in hospitalized men with unipolar depression who were administered placebo as part of an inpatient imaging study of fluoxetine. Common and unique response effects to administration of placebo or fluoxetine were assessed after a 6-week, double-blind trial. RESULTS: Placebo response was associated with regional metabolic increases involving the prefrontal, anterior cingulate, premotor, parietal, posterior insula, and posterior cingulate and metabolic decreases involving the subgenual cingulate, parahippocampus, and thalamus. Regions of change overlapped those seen in responders administered active fluoxetine. Fluoxetine response, however, was associated with additional subcortical and limbic changes in the brainstem, striatum, anterior insula, and hippocampus, sources of efferent input to the response-specific regions identified with both agents. CONCLUSIONS: The common pattern of cortical glucose metabolism increases and limbic-paralimbic metabolism decreases in placebo and fluoxetine responders suggests that facilitation of these changes may be necessary for depression remission, regardless of treatment modality. Clinical improvement in the group receiving placebo as part of an inpatient study is consistent with the well-recognized effect that altering the therapeutic environment may significantly contribute to reducing clinical symptoms. The additional subcortical and limbic metabolism decreases seen uniquely in fluoxetine responders may convey additional advantage in maintaining long-term clinical response and in relapse prevention.
Contraceptive use in a rural general practice
Authors: Sam Rowlands
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

All women aged 20–49 in a general practice were sent a questionnaire about their reproductive health, and 72% responded. 78% of respondents were using a method of fertility control. More than a quarter of women were obtaining their contraceptive supplies (condoms especially) from non-medical outlets. Knowledge of the existence of emergency contraception was high (83%). The general practitioner (GP) was the most popular source of contraceptive supplies for those aged under 40 years and more than four-fifths of women said that they would rather turn to their GP than to other sources for future contraceptive advice.
Light chain replacement: a new model for antibody gene rearrangement.
Authors: E L Prak, M Weigert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

A functional B cell antigen receptor is thought to regulate antibody gene rearrangement either by stopping further rearrangement (exclusion) or by promoting additional rearrangement (editing). We have developed a new model to study the regulation of antibody gene rearrangement. In this model, we used gene targeting to replace the J kappa region with a functional V kappa-J kappa light chain gene. Two different strains of mice were created; one, V kappa 4R, has a V kappa 4-J kappa 4 rearrangement followed by a downstream J kappa 5 segment, while the other, V kappa 8R, has a V kappa 8-J kappa 5 light chain. Here, we analyze the influence of these functional light chains on light chain rearrangement. We show that some V kappa 4R and V kappa 8R B cells only have the V kappa R light chain rearrangement, whereas others undergo additional rearrangements. Additional rearrangement can occur not only at the other kappa allele or isotype (lambda), but also at the targeted locus in both V kappa 4R and V kappa 8R. Rearrangement to the downstream J kappa 5 segment is observed in V kappa 4R, as is deletion of the targeted locus in both V kappa 4R and V kappa 8R. The V kappa R models illustrate that a productively rearranged light chain can either terminate further rearrangement or allow further rearrangement. We attribute the latter to editing of autoantibodies and to corrections of dysfunctional receptors.
Social determinants of tuberculosis in Europe: a prospective ecological study
Authors: George B. Ploubidis, Melissa J. Palmer, Charlotte Blackmore, Tek-Ang Lim, Davide Manissero, Andreas Sandgren, Jan C. Semenza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered to be a disease of poverty, since its incidence is exacerbated by socioeconomic factors, inconsistent or partial treatment practices, and immigration from endemic countries. A prospective country level study, using a comprehensive dataset of TB incidence and prevalence taken from countries within the World Health Organization (WHO) European region, was conducted. We employed quintile regression to investigate the prospective association between baseline (measured in 2000) and a nation's wealth, level of egalitarianism, migration rate, health-related lifestyle and social capital with TB incidence and prevalence over a 10-yr period (2000-2009). We found that ∼50% of TB variation is accounted for by a nation's wealth and level of egalitarianism. We observed a negative prospective association between logged gross domestic product and TB rates, and a positive prospective association between income inequality and TB. National income levels per capita and income inequality are important predictors for TB incidence and prevalence in the WHO European region. They account for 50% of country-level variation, indicating the importance of a combined absolute and relative socioeconomic disadvantage in the development of TB. These findings also provide a tool for forecasting potential fluctuations in the level of TB epidemics in the WHO European region, with respect to socioeconomic changes.
Lack of association between an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism and ulcerative colitis.
Authors: U T Hacker, M Gomolka, E Keller, A Eigler, C Folwaczny, H Fricke, E Albert, K Loeschke, S Endres
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Recently, the association of a polymorphism in the gene coding for the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist with ulcerative colitis has been reported. This was interpreted as a possible genetic predisposition for severity of the inflammatory response. AIMS: To examine this polymorphism in a southern German population. SUBJECTS: The study included 234 healthy controls, 57 patients with ulcerative colitis, including 31 patients with pancolitis, 44 first degree healthy relatives of patients with ulcerative colitis, and 65 patients with Crohn9s disease. METHODS: Genotypes were determined by a polymerase chain reaction amplification of the intron 2 fragment harbouring a variable number of tandem repeat nucleotide sequences. Amplification products were separated on a 2% agarose gel. RESULTS: The allele frequency for allele 2 was 27% in healthy controls, 28% in Crohn9s disease, and 21% in patients with ulcerative colitis. The same allele frequency (21%) was found in a subgroup of patients with ulcerative colitis affecting the whole colon. Thus for allele 2 as well as for all other alleles, genotypes, or carriage rates no significant differences were found compared with controls. All allele frequencies in the control population were similar to those in earlier studies. CONCLUSIONS: No association of a polymorphism in the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene with ulcerative colitis could be identified in this southern German population. The findings of an earlier study reporting an increased frequency of allele 2, particularly in patients with pancolitis, could not be confirmed.