tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preoperative administration of imatinib in patients with large gastrointestinal stromal tumors can change surgical strategy and improve the quality of resection in most patients: Clinical results of gap study
Authors: P. Dube, L. Sidéris, D. Boudreau, G. Leblanc, Y. E. Leclerc
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15505 Introduction: Quality of surgical resection is an important prognostic factor for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and large GIST has a worse prognosis because resection is often marginal. We conducted a registered multicentric phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy of imatinib when administered preoperatively. Material and Methods: The trial was opened in 7 centers and forty-four patients were planned to be included. An interim analysis was done after 16 patients. Patients were considered eligible if they had a kit (CD-117) positive gist with a risk of an incomplete resection of 20 percent or higher (tumor attached to 3 or more adjacent organs or larger than 10 cm) or if surgery with high morbidity was planned. Imatinib was started at 400 mg po id and increased to 600 mg po id if response to treatment was not sufficient. Response to treatment was measured according to recist criteria at 6 and 12 weeks, and then every 8 weeks until best response had been reached for a maximum of 52 weeks. Surgery was planned to be performed between 6 and 12 months of neoadjuvant treatment. Results: Between 2005 and 2007, 16 patients were enrolled. Gist originated from the stomach in 9 patients, esophagus in 1 and small bowel in 6. Twelve patients completed the study. Six patients underwent r0 surgery after partial response (pr) with 400 mg for 12 months. Four had an initial progressive disease (pd) and then received 600 mg (one partial response (pr), 2 stable disease (sd) and one progression). One pr patient had surgery at 8 weeks for gastrointestinal bleeding and one cr patient refused surgery. Four patients are still under treatment and have pr. At surgery (n=11), residual tumor cells were found in all patients. An r0 resection was possible in 9 patients and the surgical strategy was changed in 8 patients. Conclusion: Imatinib 400 mg is efficient as neoadjuvant treatment for patients with large gist but cr is rare (1/12), even when 600 mg is used. In this series, neoadjuvant treatment with imatinib led to a more conservative surgical resection in 72% of patients and to an r0 resection in 81% of them. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca Oncology, Novartis, Roche, sanofi-aventis AstraZeneca Oncology, Novartis, Roche, sanofi-aventis
Abstract 16143: Left Ventricular Rotational Mechanics Before and After Exercise in Normal Children
Authors: Michael V Di Maria, Giuseppe Caracciolo, Fang Liu, Robert J Morrow, Melissa Rosenblatt, Steven Prashker, Partho P Sengupta, Anirban Banerjee
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Helical arrangement of left ventricular (LV) myofibers results in twisting motion of LV, which can be measured by speckle-tracking imaging. Moreover, by plotting twist vs radial displ...
Why It’s Important to Continue Universal Autism Screening While Research Fully Examines Its Impact
Authors: Geraldine Dawson
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Book: Matters of Life and Death
Authors: A.-P. Sappino
Journal: BMJ (1999)

John Cairns Princeton University Press, £12.95, pp 260 ISBN 0 691 00250 9 ——————— Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> The biomedical community has only recently recognised the importance of its educational duties towards the lay public: biologists and clinicians know that didactic information provided to the general population impacts directly on research activities and helps implement their clinical applications. Therefore, attempts to promote wider understanding of science should be regarded as public spirited acts. However, popularisation … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Skin events (SE) among 1,126 patients (Pts) treated with lapatinib (L), an oral dual ErbB1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)
Authors: R. Sweetman, M. E. Lacouture, M. Koehler, S. Laabs, A. Preston, K. L. Blackwell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9102 Background: Lapatinib (L) is active as a single agent and in combination with capecitabine in pts with ErbB2+ve breast cancer. Safety profile from &gt; 5,000 pts demonstrates infrequent Grade (G)3/4 (10%) adverse events, with drug discontinuation (disc) required in (&lt;2%) events. SEs were commonly reported and were likely due to ErbB1 inhibition in the epidermis, as hypothesized with the other ErbB1 TKIs. However, the SE with L appear to differ clinically from other TKIs. Methods: SE in 1,126 pts reported in 8 L trials ( EGF20001 , EGF20002 , EGF20003 , EGF20004 , EGF20008 , EGF20009 , EGF20014 , + EGF100151) were pre-defined as dermatitis, drug eruption, dry skin, pruritus/urticaria, skin disorder, skin infection, nail, and hair disorder. SE were characterized based on CTC grading, and examined as to their relationship to L dose, length of L exposure, tumor type, concurrent treatment, time to onset from L initiation, and time to resolution with L dose- reduction or disc. Furthermore clinical management, skin biopsies, photos, and outcome were examined. Results: Pts were treated with L monotherapy 1,000–1,500mg daily (N=928), or in combination with capecitabine (C) (N=198). Non-L containing arms of studies EGF100151 (N=191; C alone) and EGF20001 (N=197; tamoxifen alone) served as controls. Among all L treated pts, 54% experienced SE mostly as G1/2, and 69% L+C pts experienced G1–3 SE with 50% G2. Majority of SE were deemed not specific to L and were rarely severe (no G4). Only 1% required drug disc. Most frequently reported SEs were dermatitis/drug eruption (38% all grade; 3% G3) (8% all grade, 1% G3). The frequency of SE with L at 1,500 mg QD was 57%, 1250 mg QD was 41%, and 500 BID was 63%. Most SE developed early (45% day 1–14) and persisted a median of 29 days. The majority of L pts (82%) did not require intervention (ie, dose reduction, hold, or withdraw). Conclusions: This large collection of L treated pts demonstrates that SE related to L therapy are low grade, infrequently require intervention or dose reduction, and rarely cause drug disc. Further attempts to identify pts at high risk for skin toxicity, its management, and the pathophysiology of L related SE are ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 14162: Mortality Risks by Ethnicity Based on Coronary Artery Calcium Scores at Ten Year Follow-up
Authors: Rine Nakanishi, Dong Li, Micheal Blaha, Seamus Whelton, Nove Kalia, Sirous Darabian, Roger Blumenthal, Matthew J Budoff
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objective: Although coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores predict future mortality risk, the utility for different mortality risks based on ethnicity is unclear. We investigated the different mortal...
Abstract 105: Downregulation Of Cardiac Na+ Channel In Myocardial Infarction Is Prevented By A Mitochondria-targeted Antioxidant
Authors: Man Liu, Cody A Rutledge, Kai-Chien Yang, Samuel C Dudley
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ischemia on cardiac Na+ channel (Nav1.5) and possible treatments in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: MI was induced in 12-week old C57BL/6 mice by coronary artery occlusion. Sham-operated mice were used as controls. Two weeks following surgery, MI mice were either given a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, mitoTEMPO (0.7 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally), or left untreated for two weeks. Cardiomyocytes isolated from the scar border of MI mice or from the left ventricular (LV) anterior wall of sham-operated mice were utilized for whole-cell patch clamp recording of Na+ currents (INa) and for measurements of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) using flow cytometry. Nav1.5 protein expression levels were determined in the LV from MI and sham-operated mice. Echocardiography was performed 2- and 4-weeks following MI. Results: The peak INa densities of the isolated LV cardiomyocytes were significantly lower (P&lt;0.05) in MI (-14.3±1.4 pA/pF), compared to sham (-24.0±1.8 pA/pF). The mitoROS levels were elevated to 1.5±0.2 fold in MI mice (P&lt;0.05). INa was increased (-19.4±0.8 pA/pF, P&lt;0.05) and mitoROS was decreased to 1.2±0.2 fold (P&lt;0.05) with mitoTEMPO treatment. The Nav1.5 channel protein level was not altered in the heart tissue of MI mice. There were no significant differences in echocardiography parameters between untreated and mitoTEMPO groups to explain the increase in INa. Conclusions: Ischemic cardiomyopathy leads to downregulation of cardiac Nav1.5 currents and overproduction of mitochondrial ROS. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant can mitigate these changes and may help reduce arrhythmic risk after myocardial infarction.
Diagnostic value of video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy on diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung dissease
Authors: Ahmet Sami Bayram, Hüseyin Melek, Mehmet Muharrem Erol, Funda Coskun, Elif Ülker Akyildiz, Cengiz Gebitekin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Diffuse parencymal lung diseases (DPLDs) constitude a heterogeneosus group of lung diseases, including more than two hundred different interstitial diseases, characterized by variying degrees of inflammation and fibrozis. We evaluated in this report the role of video-assisted thoracossopy in the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. The medical charts of patients suspected of having diffuse parenchymal lung disease were retrospectively reviewed. Two hundred and eighteen cases of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases were included in the study. A hundred-four (48%) patients of our patients were women and the mean age was 42.6 (24-72) years old. Definitive diagnosis was made in 194 (%89) patients. Idiopathing interstitial pneumonia (in 64(29%) patients) and sarcoidosis (in 33(15%) patients) were the predominant diagnosis. There were not any peroperative or postoperative mortality. There were eight morbidity and these were prolonged air leak (in 4 patients) and prolonged expansion of lung (in 6 patients). Mean hospitalization time of patients were 1.9 (1-6) days.  Lung biopsy through video-assisted thoracoscopy is a safe, effective and viable procedure for diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases.
Proton pump inhibitor-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia: an entity challenging current diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Javier Molina-Infante, Albert J Bredenoord, Edaire Cheng, Evan S Dellon, Glenn T Furuta, Sandeep K Gupta, Ikuo Hirano, David A Katzka, Fouad J Moawad, Marc E Rothenberg, Alain Schoepfer, Stuart J Spechler, Ting Wen, Alex Straumann, Alfredo J Lucendo
Journal: Gut (2015)

Consensus diagnostic recommendations to distinguish GORD from eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) by response to a trial of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) unexpectedly uncovered an entity called 'PPI-responsive oesophageal eosinophilia' (PPI-REE). PPI-REE refers to patients with clinical and histological features of EoE that remit with PPI treatment. Recent and evolving evidence, mostly from adults, shows that patients with PPI-REE and patients with EoE at baseline are clinically, endoscopically and histologically indistinguishable and have a significant overlap in terms of features of Th2 immune-mediated inflammation and gene expression. Furthermore, PPI therapy restores oesophageal mucosal integrity, reduces Th2 inflammation and reverses the abnormal gene expression signature in patients with PPI-REE, similar to the effects of topical steroids in patients with EoE. Additionally, recent series have reported that patients with EoE responsive to diet/topical steroids may also achieve remission on PPI therapy. This mounting evidence supports the concept that PPI-REE represents a continuum of the same immunological mechanisms that underlie EoE. Accordingly, it seems counterintuitive to differentiate PPI-REE from EoE based on a differential response to PPI therapy when their phenotypic, molecular, mechanistic and therapeutic features cannot be reliably distinguished. For patients with symptoms and histological features of EoE, it is reasonable to consider PPI therapy not as a diagnostic test, but as a therapeutic agent. Due to its safety profile, ease of administration and high response rates (up to 50%), PPI can be considered a first-line treatment before diet and topical steroids. The reasons why some patients with EoE respond to PPI, while others do not, remain to be elucidated.
Chronic kidney disease in elderly people: disease or disease label?
Authors: Timothy Ellam, Helen Twohig, Arif Khwaja
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Timothy Ellam and colleagues argue for a focus on what diagnosis means for individual patients rather than population risks

Around half of people aged over 75 meet current diagnostic criteria for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, labelling them all as diseased is controversial and may cause unnecessary anxiety.1 2 The classification system defining this epidemic of CKD in elderly people is validated primarily as an epidemiological risk stratification tool rather than a clinical aid to patient management. We highlight the need to focus the debate on improving patient centred outcomes rather than just identifying everyone at above average risk.

Older patients make up a large proportion of those reaching end stage renal disease, with 25% of people starting dialysis in the UK being over 75.3 However, the relative risk of end stage disease is much lower for an elderly patient with CKD than for a younger patient with the same level of kidney function. Thus in a large Scottish CKD cohort followed for more than five years, the individual risk of requiring renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplant) fell from 14.33 per 100 patient years in 15-25 year olds to just 0.65 per 100 patient years in those aged 75-85.4 An estimated 1.8 million people over 75 in the UK have CKD stages 3-5,5 but in 2013 only 1700 patients in that age group started dialysis, fewer than one in 1000.

Clearly most older people currently labelled as having CKD die with abnormal kidney function rather than because of advanced kidney failure.6 One of the reasons for this is the increased risk of cardiovascular disease that accompanies advanced kidney disease. Indeed, managing cardiovascular risk is often cited as an important reason for early identification of CKD. However, as with the risk of starting dialysis, the …
Effects of Dietary Selenium on Bis(2-oxopropyl)nitrosamine-Induced Carcinogenesis in Syrian Golden Hamsters&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D F Birt, A D Julius, C E Runice, S Salmasi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

In studies designed to determine the influence of dietary Se on pancreatic carcinogenesis, Syrian golden hamsters were fed unsupplemented torula yeast diet or diet supplemented with 0.1 or 5.0 ppm Se, from sodium selenite, starting at 4 weeks of age until the termination of the study. In separate groups, hamsters were given the diet supplemented with 0.1 ppm Se until 5 days after carcinogen treatment. Then they were fed either the unsupplemented diet or the diet supplemented with 5.0 ppm Se until the end of the experiment. N-Nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP; CAS: 60599-38-4) treatment was given as a single sc injection of 20 mg/kg (body wt) at 8 weeks of age, and surviving hamsters were killed 50 weeks later. As a measure of Se status, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX) activities were determined in plasma, erythrocytes, and liver. Values were elevated in animals fed higher levels of dietary Se. BOP treatment depressed plasma GSHPX at 24 hours and elevated erythrocyte and liver values at 4 weeks. Pancreatic ductular adenoma yields were inhibited with each elevation of dietary Se in female hamsters fed the diets, both before and after BOP administration, and were further inhibited in females that were fed diets containing 0.1 ppm Se before BOP administration and that were changed to the unsupplemented or 5.0-ppm-supplemented diets after BOP was given. Pancreatic ductular adenoma yields were highest in all male groups given diets of 0.1 ppm Se before BOP administration, irrespective of the Se level after BOP was fed. Adenoma yields in males were lowest in hamsters fed unsupplemented diet, both before and after BOP treatment. Pancreatic carcinoma yields were low and not influenced by dietary Se. The incidence of hepatic necrosis was elevated in BOP-treated hamsters fed the unsupplemented diet, and that of biliary cystic adenomas was highest in the group fed 0.1 ppm Se before and after BOP treatment.
TCT-482 "Resistant" In-Stent Restenosis in the Drug-Eluting Stent Era: An Angiographic Description and Outcomes
Authors: Marco G. Mennuni, Kleanthis Theodoropoulos, Nisharahmed I. Kherada, Melissa Aquino, Usman Baber, Samantha Sartori, Swapna Sayeneni, Birju Narechania, Pedro R. Moreno, Prakash Krishnan, Jason Kovacic, Robert T. Pyo, Joe Sweeny, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Samin Sharma, Annapoorna Kini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hormonal Contraceptives and Fibroadenomas of Breast
Authors: H A Oberman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The conclusions of Wiegenstein et al. (N Engl J Med 284:676 1971) regarding the association of  hormonal contraceptive agents and adenofibromas seem inappropriate.  They noted that 12 of 67 women with adenofibromas had multiple lesions and that 11 of the 12 reportedly received hormonal contraceptives.  It should be noted that all these lesions were excised during the oral contraceptive era and that no mention is made of the number of the remaining 55 women receiving such medications.  In 1961 we described 79 women who had had adenofibromas excised before the introduction of  hormonal contraceptives.  Fifteen of these women had multiple adenofibromas resulting in an incidence almost identical to that reported by Wiegenstein et al.  In their letter as well as in their recent article the authors imply an association between hormonal contraceptives and  epithelial hyperplasia in adenofibromas.  Intraductal epithelial proliferation of variable degree was seen in 22 per cent of patients in our series and some of these lesions manifested a florid pattern of growth.  Similarly Fechner was unable to identify any distinctive morphologic pattern in adenofibromas removed from women taking  contraceptives.  As he noted the widespread use of  contraceptives and the frequency of tumors such as adenofibromas may account for their random coincident occurrence in the same patient and yet cannot be taken as proof of a causal relation.(Full text)
Histopathology in surgically treated renal cell carcinoma: Is there a survival difference when stratified by stage?
Authors: K. A. Keegan, N. J. Hellenthal, K. Chamie, T. M. Koppie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

5089 Background: The impact of renal cell carcinoma histopathology (RCC) on survival has been conflicting and limited to retrospective institutional studies. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of RCC histopathology on stage-specific survival rates in a population-based cohort. Methods: We utilized the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and identified 21,258 patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy for RCC between 1996 and 2004. Patients were stratified based on histopathologic diagnosis (clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, sarcomatoid, and collecting duct) and pathologic stage. We performed Cox-proportional hazard modeling and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses to determine overall- and cancer-specific survival. Results: Using univariate analysis, histopathology significantly impacted overall- and cancer-specific survival (p&lt; 0.001). Specifically, patients with papillary and chromophobe variants had lower stage disease at the time of surgery and had improved survival compared to clear cell subtypes, (HR: 0.50; 95% CI, 0.42–0.60 and HR: 0.31; 95% CI, 0.22–0.44, respectively). When controlled for stage, improved outcomes for chromophobe and papillary histologies persisted, although it did not achieve statistical significance at all stages. On the other hand, patients with sarcomatoid disease were more likely to present with high stage disease and invariably had worse survival compared to clear cell carcinoma (HR: 8.74; 95%, CI 7.70–9.91). When controlled for stage, this difference achieved statistical significance across all stages (p&lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Histopathologic subtype in patients with RCC does predict overall- and cancer-specific survival. Patients with sarcomatoid RCC, even those presenting with low-stage disease, have poor survival. These findings may give further value to recent data suggesting the increased utility of percutaneous renal biopsy and its potential impact on management. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Androgen ablation mitigates defect of B cells to a prostate cancer and increase the survival rate of TRAMP mice.
Authors: Saleh Altuwaijri, Yuanjie Niu, Liying Zhang, LeRoy Hanchett, Tengxiang Ma
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

A12  It is been known that the tumor environment contributes to the suppression of the anti-tumor immune functions of tumor, thereby promoting the occurrence of cancer metastasis. The effect, prostate cancer, and the usage of the androgen ablation on B distribution is not well understood. We have used transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) and castrated TRAMP mice to characterize the B cells distribution in periphery blood and Spleen. We found a decrease of the B cell population in wild type TRAMP mice compared to normal wild type mice. Furthermore, the B cells increased when we castrated TRAMP mice compared to the wild type TRAMP mice. Interestingly, we found in the castrated TRAMP mice have an increase in immature B cells in the spleen, which might be due to the resistance of B cells from castrated of TRAMP mice to the apoptosis during the maturation of B cells. Our data suggest that Androgen ablation might play an important role in the regulation of B cell tolerance.