tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in anxiety and depression in COPD patients after a pulmonary rehabilitation program
Authors: Virginia Almadana, Ana Paulina Gómez-Bastero, Estefania Luque, Concha Romero, Jesus Sánchez, Teodoro Montemayor
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objectives: To identify the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PR) for COPD patients by assessing the levels of anxiety(A) and depression(D) in such patients. Methods: A prospective study of consecutive COPD patients who underwent an PR program in the last year. Inclusion criteria: stable symptomatic COPD despite optimal treatment. Programme type: 36 sessions: 10 min warm up + resistance exercise bike and force + respiratory physiotherapy. Assessment of A and D levels before and after PR by self-administered questionnaire HADS(Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Results: n: 35. Characteristics of patients are described in Table 1.   The mean scores of A and D at the beginning of the PR are within the normal range(5.8 A/D 4.9), although 14.3% of patients had a high probability of A and 8.6% of D. There were no significant differences in mean scores for A and D after performing a PR(A 5,86±4,16 vs 5,56±3,81,p 0,51; D 4,91±4,35 vs 4,35±2,95,p 0.34). Conclusions:The prevalence of A and D in our series of patients specific to PR was significantly lower than for COPD generally described in the literature, although the patients assessed were moderate and multipathological.The PR tends to decrease A levels and especially D,although this is not significant.
Prevalence of Multinucleotide Replacements in Evolution of Primates and Drosophila
Authors: Nadezhda V. Terekhanova, Georgii A. Bazykin, Alexey Neverov, Alexey S. Kondrashov, Vladimir B. Seplyarskiy
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Evolution of sequences mostly involves independent changes at different sites. However, substitutions at neighboring sites may co-occur as multinucleotide replacement events (MNRs). Here, we compare noncoding sequences of several species of primates, and of three species of Drosophila fruit flies, in a phylogenetic analysis of the replacements that occurred between species at nearby nucleotide sites. Both in primates and in Drosophila, the frequency of single-nucleotide replacements is substantially elevated within 10 nucleotides from other replacements that occurred on the same lineage but not on another lineage. The data imply that dinucleotide replacements (DNRs) affecting sites at distances of up to 10 nucleotides from each other are responsible for 2.3% of single-nucleotide replacements in primate genomes and for 5.6% in Drosophila genomes. Among these DNRs, 26% and 69%, respectively, are in fact parts of replacements of three or more trinucleotide replacements (TNRs). The plurality of MNRs affect nearby nucleotides, so that at least six times as many DNRs affect two adjacent nucleotide sites than sites 10 nucleotides apart. Still, approximately 60% of DNRs, and approximately 90% of TNRs, span distances more than two (or three) nucleotides. MNRs make a major contribution to the observed clustering of substitutions: In the human–chimpanzee comparison, DNRs are responsible for 50% of cases when two nearby replacements are observed on the human lineage, and TNRs are responsible for 83% of cases when three replacements at three immediately adjacent sites are observed on the human lineage. The prevalence of MNRs matches that is observed in data on de novo mutations and is also observed in the regions with the lowest sequence conservation, suggesting that MNRs mainly have mutational origin; however, epistatic selection and/or gene conversion may also play a role.
The impact of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase expression on lung cancer survival
Authors: W.N. William, J.-S. Kim, D.D. Liu, L. Solis, C. Behrens, J.J. Lee, S.M. Lippman, E.S. Kim, W.K. Hong, I.I. Wistuba, H.-Y. Lee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Pulmonary Function Tests and CT Scan in the Management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: ANTONI XAUBET, CARLES AGUSTÍ, PATRICIO LUBURICH, JOSEP ROCA, CONCEPCIÓN MONTÓN, MARÍA CARMEN AYUSO, JOAN ALBERT BARBERÁ, ROBERT RODRIGUEZ-ROISIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Relationships between pulmonary function testing and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were studied in 39 untreated patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) at diagnosis, 23 of whom were followed during 7.5 ± 0.3 mo (mean ± SEM). At diagnosis, the extent of overall lung involvement in the HRCT scans showed a moderate but significant correlation only with FVC (r = − 0.46, p = 0.003) and Dl CO (r = − 0.40, p = 0.03). The extent of ground glass pattern also correlated with FVC (r = − 0.58, p = 0.0001). Arterial Po 2 at peak exercise (n = 13 patients) showed a significant association with the extent of both ground-glass pattern and overall lung involvement in HRCT (r = − 0.60, p = 0.02; and r = − 0.64, p = 0.01, respectively). On multivariate analysis a significant independent correlation between the global disease extent in HRCT and both FVC and Dl CO was observed. Changes over time in the total extent of the disease evaluated with HRCT scans were also related to those observed in Dl CO and in FVC (r = − 0.57, p = 0.01, and r = − 0.51, p = 0.01, respectively). The present study suggests that FVC and Dl CO are the physiological variables that best reflect the global extent of disease in IPF and thus may provide significant information for the assessment of the disease's progression.
Colorectal Cancer Incidence Trends in the United States and United Kingdom: Evidence of Right- to Left-Sided Biological Gradients with Implications for Screening
Authors: Rafael Meza, Jihyoun Jeon, Andrew G. Renehan, E. Georg Luebeck
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Several lines of evidence support the premise that screening colonoscopy reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but there may be differential benefits for right- and left-sided tumors. To better understand the biological basis of this differential effect, we derived biomathematical models of CRC incidence trends in U.S. and U.K. populations, representing relatively high- and low-prevalence screening, respectively. Using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) and the Office for National Statistics (ONS) registries (both 1973-2006), we derived stochastic multistage clonal expansion (MSCE) models for right-sided (proximal colon) and left-sided (distal colon and rectal) tumors. The MSCE concept is based on the initiation-promotion-progression paradigm of carcinogenesis and provides a quantitative description of natural tumor development from the initiation of an adenoma (via biallelic tumor suppressor gene inactivation) to the clinical detection of CRC. From 1,228,036 (SEER: 340,582; ONS: 887,454) cases, parameter estimates for models adjusted for calendar-year and birth-cohort effects showed that adenoma initiation rates were higher for right-sided tumors, whereas, paradoxically, adenoma growth rates were higher for left-sided tumors. The net effect was a higher cancer risk in the right colon only after age 70 years. Consistent with this finding, simulations of adenoma development predicted that the relative prevalence for right- versus left-sided tumors increases with increasing age, a differential effect most striking in women. Using a realistic biomathematical description of CRC development for two nationally representative registries, we show age- and sex-dependent biological gradients for right- and left-sided colorectal tumors. These findings argue for an age-, sex-, and site-directed approach to CRC screening.
Elevated microRNA-155 promotes foam cell formation by targeting HBP1 in atherogenesis
Authors: Fu-Ju Tian, Li-Na An, Guo-Kun Wang, Jia-Qi Zhu, Qing Li, Ying-Ying Zhang, An Zeng, Jun Zou, Rong-Fang Zhu, Xiao-Shuai Han, Nan Shen, Huang-Tian Yang, Xian-Xian Zhao, Shuang Huang, Yong-Wen Qin, Qing Jing
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in inflammatory responses of macrophages. However, the function of miRNAs in macrophage-derived foam cell formation is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of miRNAs in macrophage-derived foam cell formation and atherosclerotic development.Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that the level of miR-155 expression was increased significantly in both plasma and macrophages from atherosclerosis (ApoE(-/-)) mice. We identified that oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induced the expression and release of miR-155 in macrophages, and that miR-155 was required to mediate oxLDL-induced lipid uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of macrophages. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression and knockdown experiments identified that HMG box-transcription protein1 (HBP1) is a novel target of miR-155. Knockdown of HBP1 enhanced lipid uptake and ROS production in oxLDL-stimulated macrophages, and overexpression of HBP1 repressed these effects. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis identified three YY1 binding sites in the promoter region of pri-miR-155 and verified YY1 binding directly to its promoter region. Detailed analysis showed that the YY1/HDAC2/4 complex negatively regulated the expression of miR-155 to suppress oxLDL-induced foam cell formation. Importantly, inhibition of miR-155 by a systemically delivered antagomiR-155 decreased clearly lipid-loading in macrophages and reduced atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE(-/-) mice. Moreover, we observed that the level of miR-155 expression was up-regulated in CD14(+) monocytes from patients with coronary heart disease.Our findings reveal a new regulatory pathway of YY1/HDACs/miR-155/HBP1 in macrophage-derived foam cell formation during early atherogenesis and suggest that miR-155 is a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
Coronary anatomy and prognosis after myocardial infarction in patients 60 years of age and younger.
Authors: G S Roubin, P J Harris, L Bernstein, D T Kelly
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Two hundred twenty-nine hospital survivors of acute myocardial infarction (MI) age 60 years or younger underwent coronary arteriography a median of 2 weeks after infarction and were followed a median of 24 months (range 6-62 months). For 62%, MI was the first presentation of coronary disease and 75% were in clinical Killip class I. Overall outcome was good: 96% survival at 1 year and 95% survival at 2 years. This was due to the high prevalence of patients with one-vessel disease (58%), with a survival of 99% at 1 year and 96% at 2 years. Only 9% of patients had three-vessel disease and they had an 85% survival at 1 year. Eleven patients died and 23 had coronary bypass surgery. In this cohort of younger patients (mean age 51 years), prophylactic therapy may not be justified because of the low mortality and should be reserved for identifiable high-risk groups.
PTH-Induced Downregulation of the Type IIa Na/Pi-Cotransporter Is Independent of Known Endocytic Motifs
Authors: NATI HERNANDO, JUTKA FORGO, JU[Combining Diaeresis]RG BIBER, HEINI MURER
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced inhibition of renal proximal tubular Na/P(i) cotransport involves two consecutive steps: endocytosis followed by lysosomal degradation of the type IIa Na/P(i) cotransporter. Tyrosine-, dileucine-, and diacidic-based motifs are suggested to be involved in endocytosis and/or lysosomal targeting of different plasma membrane proteins. The rat type IIa cotransporter (NaPi2) contains two cytoplasmic tyrosine residues (Y) within sequences highly homologous to tyrosine-based motifs (GY(402)FAM and Y(509)RWF), three cytoplasmic dileucine (LL(101), LL(374), and LI(591)) and two cytoplasmic diacidic motifs (EE(81) and EE(616)). We studied the role of these motifs on the PTH-induced retrieval and lysosomal degradation of the NaPi2 cotransporter. To follow its trafficking in vivo, the NaPi2 protein was fused to the carboxyl-terminal end of the enhanced green fluorescence protein. This fusion did not impair the apical targeting or the PTH-induced endocytosis of the wild-type cotransporter when transfected in opossum kidney cells. Single and multiple Y and LL mutants retained the apical targeting and the PTH-induced degradation. Mutations of the diacidic motifs were also without effect. These data suggest that the above three motifs are not required for the PTH-induced internalization and/or degradation of the cotransporter.
Salvage Radiotherapy in Patients With Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis From the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Andreas Josting, Lucia Nogová, Jeremy Franklin, Jan-Peter Glossmann, Hans Theodor Eich, Markus Sieber, Thomas Schober, Heinz-Dietrich Boettcher, Ulrich Schulz, Rolf-Peter Müller, Volker Diehl, Andreas Engert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To evaluate treatment outcome and prognostic factors in patients with refractory or first relapsed Hodgkin's disease (HD) treated with salvage radiotherapy (SRT) alone.From 4,754 patients registered in the database of the German Hodgkin Study Group from 1988 to 1999, 624 patients were identified with progressive disease (n = 202), or with early (n = 170) or late (n = 252) relapsed HD. At first treatment failure, SRT alone was given to 100 patients. Patient characteristics were: median age, 36 years; progressive disease, 47%; early relapse, 23%; late relapse, 30%; and "B" symptoms, 14%. Eighty-five percent of the patients relapsed after cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone/doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (COPP/ABVD) -like regimens; 8% after bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP) regimens, 7% after first-line radiotherapy alone.The volume irradiated was mantle field in 43% of patients, inverted-Y in 8%, total nodal irradiation in 12%, and involved-field in 37%. The median SRT dose was 40 Gy (range, 15 to 50 Gy). Seventy-seven patients achieved a complete remission and four patients achieved a partial remission. The 5-year freedom from treatment failure and overall survival (OS) rates were 28% and 51%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, significant prognostic factors for OS were B symptoms (P = .018) and stage at relapse (P = .014). For freedom from second failure (FF2F) Karnofsky performance status (P = .0001) was significant. In patients with limited stage at progression/relapse, duration of first remission was significant (P = .04) for FF2F.SRT offers an effective treatment for selected subsets of patients with relapsed or refractory HD.
Protein Kinase Cδ–Dependent Phosphorylation of Syndecan-4 Regulates Cell Migration
Authors: Pinaki Chaudhuri, Scott M. Colles, Paul L. Fox, Linda M. Graham
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Endothelial cell (EC) migration is a complex process requiring exquisitely coordinated focal adhesion assembly and disassembly. Protein kinase C (PKC) is known to regulate focal adhesion formation. Because lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), a major lipid constituent of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, can activate PKC and inhibit EC migration, we explored the signaling cascade responsible for this inhibition. LysoPC increased PKCδ activity, measured by in vitro kinase activity assay, and increased PKCδ phosphorylation. Decreasing PKCδ activation, using pharmacological inhibitors or antisense oligonucleotides, diminished the antimigratory effect of lysoPC. LysoPC-induced PKCδ activation was followed by increased phosphorylation of the transmembrane proteoglycan, syndecan-4, and decreased binding of PKCα to syndecan-4, with a concomitant decrease in PKCα activity. A reciprocal relationship was noted between the interaction of PKCα and α-actinin with syndecan-4. These changes were temporally related to the observed changes in cell morphology and the inhibition of migration of ECs incubated with lysoPC. The data suggested that generalized activation of PKCδ by lysoPC initiated a cascade of events, including phosphorylation of syndecan-4, displacement and decreased activity of PKCα, binding of α-actinin to syndecan-4, and disruption of the time- and site-specific regulation of focal adhesion complex assembly and disassembly required for normal cell migration.
Palifermin Decreases Severe Oral Mucositis of Patients Undergoing Postoperative Radiochemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Michael Henke, Marc Alfonsi, Paolo Foa, Jordi Giralt, Etienne Bardet, Laura Cerezo, Michaela Salzwimmer, Richard Lizambri, Lara Emmerson, Mon-Gy Chen, Dietmar Berger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Radiochemotherapy of head and neck cancer causes severe mucositis in most patients. We investigated whether palifermin reduces this debilitating sequela.We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 186 patients with stages II to IVB carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx. Patients received 60 or 66 Gy after complete (R0) or incomplete resection (R1), respectively, at 2 Gy/fraction and five fractions per week. Cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) was administered on days 1 and 22 (and on day 43 with R1). Patients were randomly assigned to receive weekly palifermin 120 μg/kg or placebo from 3 days before and continuing throughout radiochemotherapy. Trained evaluators performed oral assessments twice weekly. The primary end point was the incidence of severe oral mucositis (WHO grades 3 to 4). Overall survival and time to locoregional progression were also assessed. Analysis was by intention to treat.Severe oral mucositis was seen in 47 (51%) of 92 patients administered palifermin and 63 (67%) of 94 administered placebo (P = .027). Palifermin decreased the duration (median, 4.5 v 22.0 days) and prolonged the time to develop (median, 45 v 32 days) severe mucositis. Neither patient-reported mouth and throat soreness scores nor treatment breaks differed between treatment arms. After median follow-up of 32.8 months, 23 deaths (25%) had occurred in both treatment arms, and disease had recurred in 25 (27%) and 22 (24%) of palifermin- and placebo-treated patients, respectively.Palifermin reduced the occurrence of severe oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing postoperative radiochemotherapy. Additional clinical exploration of palifermin with postoperative radiochemotherapy would be useful.
Oral contraceptives, rheumatoid arthritis, and androgens
Authors: W H James
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

reuil et al reported on a patient with Erdheim-Chester disease. 1 We would like to add our experience in a patient who had a good response to steroids.A 46 year old housewife, born in Maceio (Brazil), complained of pain in her legs for a period of eight months, which interfered with her sleep; there were no constitutional symptoms, such as weight loss, asthenia, or fever.On physical examination, there was no systemic involvement or bone inflammation, except for tenderness on palpation of both tibiae.An x ray examination showed bilateral and symmetrical cortical osteosclerosis of the diaphysial regions of the tibiae, which was better illustrated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which showed a low signal on T 1 and a high signal on T 2 of the medullar canal (fig 1).Bone scintigraphy showed intense hypercapitation at the upper and medial regions of the right tibia and the medial region of the left tibia (fig 2).Other MR images (brain, thorax, and abdomen) were normal.A bone biopsy showed only osteosclerosis, which has been described in this disease. 2 She was treated with steroids for six months (prednisone 20 mg/day) and responded well, being asymptomatic and receiv-ing no treatment since December 2000.As bone pain is the first symptom of this xanthogranulomatosis, rheumatologists should be able to recognise the disease in an early phase when treatment gives a better outcome.. . . .
Interrelationships of flow, intravascular pressure, and tissue perfusion in the measurement of capillary permeability to sodium in isolated dog lung lobes.
Authors: R G Tancredi, T Yipintsoi
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

From venous tracer-dilution curves, after 57 pulse injections of "NaCl and [ 13I I]albumin (RISA) into the arterial inflow of nine isolated canine lung lobes perfused with blood (hematocrit = 0.24-0.44)under zone III conditions, we calculated area-weighted fractional extractions (E 3 ) and capillary permeability (P)-surface area (S) products (PS) for 24 Na at plasma flows (F p ) ranging from 4.1 to 40.1 ml»min" 1 «g" 1 dry weight.In six of the lobes, 35 separate injections of RISA and [ l25 I]iodoantipyrine permitted calculation of pulmonary blood volume (PBV) and extravascular lung water (EVW).Our experimental preparation allowed us to evaluate, independently, the effects of flow and perfusion pressure on the measurements of PS, PBV, and EVW.PS increased as F p was .raised,but at any given F p , PS remained constant despite large changes in pulmonary arterial (P A , range 5-38 mm Hg) and venous (P v , range 2-30 mm Hg) pressures.Mean EVW (2.8 ± 1.5 ml/g, n = 35) was unaffected by changes in F p , PA, or P v .An increase of 52% in PBV occurred as mean P A increased from 11 to 33 nun Hg.This increase in PBV was due to disterition of small intrapulmonary vessels.Since EVW remained unchanged, there was no evidence for vascular recruitment in these lobes (that is, no change in S), and assuming no change in permeability, we concluded that the flow-dependent changes in PS are related to underestimates of E 3 and PS at low F p .At high F p , mean PS was 3.6 ml»min~1«g~I dry weight.If S for the lung is 3000 cm 2 /g, then pulmonary capillary permeability for sodium is about 3.8 x 10~6 cm/sec, which is considerably lower than the 3.1 x 10" 5 cm/sec that we have reported for myocardial capillaries.