tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pioglitazone Use and Risk of Bladder Cancer—Reply
Authors: Assiamira Ferrara, James D. Lewis, Laurel A. Habel
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bone scan index as a biomarker to predict outcome in real-life mCRPC patients on abiraterone acetate: A multicenter study.
Authors: Mariana Reza, Mattias Ohlsson, Reza Kaboteh, Aseem Anand, Ingela Franck Lissbrant, Jan-Erik Damber, Lars Budäus, Till Eichenauer, Per Wollmer, Lars Edenbrandt, Elin Tragardh, Anders Bjartell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

217 Background: Bone Scan Index (BSI) is a quantitative measurement that reflects the tumor burden in bone calculated from bone scintigraphy. It also represents a prognostic marker in patients (pts) with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Abiraterone acetate (AA) has showed to prolong survival before and after chemotherapy in this group of pts. In this study we evaluated the predictive value of BSI change as a biomarker of response in mCRPC patients on treatment with AA. Methods: We retrospectively studied 62 mCRPC pats who received AA following disease progression after chemotherapy at 3 different academic hospitals. Automated baseline and follow-up BSI data was obtained from images of whole-body bone scintigraphies performed before and during AA treatment. Data on clinical overall survival (OS), blood levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and haemoglobin (Hb) at the time of baseline and upon follow-up was collected from medical records. The association between changes in these parameters at follow-up and survival was evaluated using Cox proportional-hazards regression models and Kaplan-Meier estimates of the survival function. Discrimination between prognostic variables was assessed using the concordance index (C-index). Results: Pts with an increase in BSI of &gt; 0.3 (n=31) had 13% one year-survival rate compared to 42% for pts with improvement or stable disease according to BSI change at follow-up (BSI change &lt; 0.3; n=31) (p&lt; 0.001). Among all parameters evaluated (BSI, PSA, ALP, Hb) in a univariate Cox analysis, BSI change from baseline to follow-up presented the highest and strongest association with OS (C-index=0.7, Hazard ratio= 1.3 and p=0.0001). Conclusions: Increase in BSI of ≥ 0.3 is significantly associated with reduced survival in mCRPC pts under AA treatment following disease progression in a post-chemotherapy setting. BSI is a candidate biomarker to evaluate response and survival in this group, and change in BSI could be a valuable tool in monitoring pts with mCRPC on second-line therapies. BSI could then serve as a decision making tool supporting physicians to continue current treatment or to consider alternative therapies.
Safety and efficacy of eculizumab with concomitant erythropoietin therapy in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Authors: C. F. Mojcik, N. S. Young, L. Luzzatto, G. Socié, P. Hillmen, R. A. Brodsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

3032 Background: Erythropoietins (EPO) are commonly used to improve anemia in patients with bone marrow failure syndromes and in patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia. Two recent phase 3 clinical studies have demonstrated significant benefit of the terminal complement inhibitor, eculizumab (Soliris), in a heterogeneous population of patients with the acquired clonal hemolytic and bone marrow failure disorder, PNH (n=140). While previous studies have shown that EPO is associated with only moderate improvements in fatigue in anemic cancer patients (effect size of 0.5), eculizumab has demonstrated large improvements in fatigue in PNH patients (effect size of 1.1). Methods: To investigate whether eculizumab provides further benefit to PNH patients receiving EPO, efficacy parameters were examined in the EPO subpopulation (n=8). Results: Intravascular hemolysis, as assessed by plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) area under the curve, was reduced 268,271 U/L x day to near normal levels in EPO-treated patients during 26 weeks of eculizumab therapy (p=0.008, signed rank test). Anemia was improved as packed RBC transfusion requirements were substantially reduced with eculizumab in EPO patients from a median of 7.5 units per patient in the 6 months before treatment to 1 unit per patient during eculizumab treatment (p=0.031, signed rank test). Despite pre-existing EPO and transfusion support, eculizumab treatment markedly improved fatigue with a 7.3 point increase over baseline using the FACIT-fatigue instrument (p=0.016, signed rank test; a 3 or more point increase in this instrument has been shown to be clinically meaningful). Eculizumab was well tolerated when administered to PNH patients treated with concomitant EPO with adverse events similar to the overall population. The significant clinical improvements in hematologic and quality of life outcomes with eculizumab treatment in PNH patients receiving concomitant EPO were similar to the clinical improvements demonstrated in the overall PNH patient population. Conclusions: These analyses show that eculizumab treatment provides important clinical benefit when administered to PNH patients receiving EPO support for bone marrow failure. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Structured exercise improves mobility after hip fracture: a meta-analysis with meta-regression
Authors: Joanna Diong, Natalie Allen, Catherine Sherrington
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Objectives To determine the effect of structured exercise on overall mobility in people after hip fracture. To explore associations between trial-level characteristics and overall mobility. Design Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database to May 2014. Study eligibility criteria, participants and interventions Randomised controlled trials of structured exercise, which aimed to improve mobility compared with a control intervention in adult participants after surgery for hip fracture were included. Data extraction and synthesis Data were extracted by one investigator and checked by an independent investigator. Standardised mean differences (SMD) of overall mobility were meta-analysed using random effects models. Random effects meta-regression was used to explore associations between trial-level characteristics and overall mobility. Results 13 trials included in the meta-analysis involved 1903 participants. The pooled Hedges’ g SMD for overall mobility was 0.35 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.58, p=0.002) in favour of the intervention. Meta-regression showed greater treatment effects in trials that included progressive resistance exercise (change in SMD=0.58, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.98, p=0.008, adjusted R 2 =60%) and delivered interventions in settings other than hospital alone (change in SMD=0.50, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.93, p=0.024, adjusted R 2 =49%). Conclusions and implications Structured exercise produced small improvements on overall mobility after hip fracture. Interventions that included progressive resistance training and were delivered in other settings were more effective, although the latter may have been confounded by duration of interventions.
Pregnancy and the Risk of Relapse in Patients Diagnosed With Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Caroline E. Weibull, Sandra Eloranta, Karin E. Smedby, Magnus Björkholm, Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson, Anna L.V. Johansson, Paul W. Dickman, Ingrid Glimelius
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Many patients and clinicians are worried that pregnancy after the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) may increase the risk of relapse despite a lack of empirical evidence to support such concerns. We investigated if an association exists between pregnancy and relapse in women with a diagnosis of HL.Using Swedish healthcare registers combined with medical records, we included 449 women who received a diagnosis of HL between 1992 and 2009 and who were age 18 to 40 years at diagnosis. Follow-up started 6 months after diagnosis, when the patients' condition was assumed to be in remission. Pregnancy-associated relapse was defined as a relapse during pregnancy or within 5 years after delivery. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated by using the Cox proportional hazards model.Among the 449 women, 144 (32%) became pregnant during follow-up. Overall, 47 relapses were recorded, of which one was a pregnancy-associated relapse. The adjusted HR for the comparison of the pregnancy-associated relapse rate to the non-pregnancy-associated relapse rate was 0.29 (95% CI, 0.04 to 2.18). The expected number of relapses in women with a recent pregnancy, given that they would experience the same relapse rate as that of women without a recent pregnancy, was 3.76; the observed-to-expected ratio was 0.27 (95% exact CI, 0.01 to 1.51).We found no evidence that a pregnancy after diagnosis increases the relapse rate among women whose HL is in remission. Survivors of HL need to consider a range of factors when deciding about future reproduction. However, given the results of this study, the risk of pregnancy-associated relapse does not need to be considered.
SP0035 Eular Recommendation Update on the Management of Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: L. Gossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

In 2012, EULAR recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were published (ref). Since then, new treatment strategies and importantly, drugs with new modes of action have been approved for and/or evaluated in PsA. In 2015, a EULAR Task Force has updated the PsA management recommendations taking into account these new data. A systematic literature review was performed. Subsequently, recommendations were formulated or the previous ones modified based on the literature review and the expert opinion of the 33 Task force members which included 2 patients and 2 health professionals. The updated recommendations comprise 5 overarching principles and 10 recommendations, covering the pharmacological therapy from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, through conventional synthetic disease-modifying drugs to biological disease-modifying drugs, whatever their mode of action, taking articular and extraarticular manifestations of PsA into account, but focusing on musculoskeletal involvement. These recommendations are intended to provide rheumatologists, patients and other stakeholders with an updated consensus on the pharmacological treatment of PsA as well as strategies to reach optimal outcomes in PsA, based on a combination of evidence and expert opinion. Ref. Gossec L, Smolen JS, et al. European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(1):4-12. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> L. Gossec Consultant for: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB.
Anti-CD9 antibody, AR40A746.2.3, inhibits tumor growth in pancreatic and breast cancer models and recognizes CD9 on CD34+CD38- leukemic cancer stem cells.
Authors: Javier Menendez, Liqing Jin, Armando Poeppl, Daad Sayegh, Kevin O'Reilly, Nives Ceric, Tejal Vyas, Ashwani Gupta, Susan Hahn, David Young, John Dick, Daniel Pereira
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3993  CD9 is a 24 kDa member of the transmembrane 4 (TM4) family that is expressed on both normal tissues as well as a variety of solid and liquid tumors. Tetraspanins interact with other tetraspanins, integrins and assorted receptors in a variety of physiological processes that include immune cell activation, cell migration, cell-cell fusion and various aspects of cellular differentiation and proliferation.  Using the ARIUS FunctionFIRST™ anti-cancer antibody discovery platform, we have generated a monoclonal antibody, AR40A746.2.3, targeting human CD9. This antibody induces cytotoxicity in a variety of solid tumor cell lines invitro. It also inhibits tumor growth in both prophylactic and established xenograft models of human pancreatic and breast cancer. In a prophylactic and established BxPC-3 model of pancreatic cancer, tumor growth was inhibited by 100% (p
An APOBEC3A hypermutation signature is distinguishable from the signature of background mutagenesis by APOBEC3B in human cancers
Authors: Kin Chan, Steven A Roberts, Leszek J Klimczak, Joan F Sterling, Natalie Saini, Ewa P Malc, Jaegil Kim, David J Kwiatkowski, David C Fargo, Piotr A Mieczkowski, Gad Getz, Dmitry A Gordenin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Bacterial Attachment to Polymeric Materials Correlates with Molecular Flexibility and Hydrophilicity
Authors: Olutoba Sanni, Chien‐Yi Chang, Daniel G. Anderson, Robert Langer, Martyn C. Davies, Philip M. Williams, Paul Williams, Morgan R. Alexander, Andrew L. Hook
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

A new class of material resistant to bacterial attachment has been discovered that is formed from polyacrylates with hydrocarbon pendant groups. In this study, the relationship between the nature of the hydrocarbon moiety and resistance to bacteria is explored, comparing cyclic, aromatic, and linear chemical groups. A correlation is shown between bacterial attachment and a parameter derived from the partition coefficient and the number of rotatable bonds of the materials' pendant groups. This correlation is applicable to 86% of the hydrocarbon pendant moieties surveyed, quantitatively supporting the previous qualitative observation that bacteria are repelled from poly(meth)acrylates containing a hydrophilic ester group when the pendant group is both rigid and hydrophobic. This insight will help inform and predict the further development of polymers resistant to bacterial attachment.
Whole body irradiation and agonist anti-CD40 synergize to promote adoptive T cell therapy of resistant murine pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Lindsay Ward-Kavanagh, Timothy K Cooper, Aron Lukacher, Todd D Schell
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) can promote dramatic regressions of established cancer, yet durable clinical responses are observed in only a subset of patients. ACT provides the opportunity to alter the immune suppressive host environment associated with cancer prior to
Why Optimal Medical Therapy Should Be a Universal Standard of Care ∗
Authors: David J Maron, William E Boden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)

A wise man, therefore, proportions his belief to the evidence.  — David Hume [(1)][1].

Recent randomized controlled trials of management strategies for patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) have used intensive pharmacological and lifestyle interventions, often referred to as optimal
Changes in IgE sensitization and total IgE levels over 20 years of follow-up
Authors: André F.S. Amaral, Roger B. Newson, Michael J. Abramson, Josep M. Antó, Roberto Bono, Angelo G. Corsico, Roberto de Marco, Pascal Demoly, Bertil Forsberg, Thorarinn Gislason, Joachim Heinrich, Ismael Huerta, Christer Janson, Rain Jõgi, Jeong-Lim Kim, José Maldonado, Jesús Martinez-Moratalla Rovira, Catherine Neukirch, Dennis Nowak, Isabelle Pin, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Chantal Raherison-Semjen, Cecilie Svanes, Isabel Urrutia Landa, Ronald van Ree, Serge A. Versteeg, Joost Weyler, Jan-Paul Zock, Peter G.J. Burney, Deborah L. Jarvis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)

Cross-sectional studies have reported a lower prevalence of sensitization in older adults, but few longitudinal studies have examined whether this is an aging or a year-of-birth cohort effect.We sought to assess changes in sensitization and total IgE levels in a cohort of European adults as they aged over a 20-year period.Levels of serum specific IgE to common aeroallergens (house dust mite, cat, and grass) and total IgE levels were measured in 3206 adults from 25 centers in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey on 3 occasions over 20 years. Changes in sensitization and total IgE levels were analyzed by using regression analysis corrected for potential differences in laboratory equipment and by using inverse sampling probability weights to account for nonresponse.Over the 20-year follow-up, the prevalence of sensitization to at least 1 of the 3 allergens decreased from 29.4% to 24.8% (-4.6%; 95% CI, -7.0% to -2.1%). The prevalence of sensitization to house dust mite (-4.3%; 95% CI, -6.0% to -2.6%) and cat (-2.1%; 95% CI, -3.6% to -0.7%) decreased more than sensitization to grass (-0.6%; 95% CI, -2.5% to 1.3%). Age-specific prevalence of sensitization to house dust mite and cat did not differ between year-of-birth cohorts, but sensitization to grass was most prevalent in the most recent ones. Overall, total IgE levels decreased significantly (geometric mean ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.58-0.68) at all ages in all year-of-birth cohorts.Aging was associated with lower levels of sensitization, especially to house dust mite and cat, after the age of 20 years.
Predictive factors for the occurrence of four or more axillary lymph node metastases in ER-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer patients with positive sentinel node: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Satoru Noda, Naoyoshi Onoda, Yuka Asano, Kento Kurata, Mao Tokumoto, Tamami Morisaki, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Tsutomu Takashima, Kosei Hirakawa
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
Effects of T-helper 2-type cytokines, interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 on the survival of cultured human mast cells
Authors: M Yanagida, H Fukamachi, K Ohgami, T Kuwaki, H Ishii, H Uzumaki, K Amano, T Tokiwa, H Mitsui, H Saito
Journal: Blood (1995)
Phase I study of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with vesigenurtacel-L (HS-410) after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
Authors: Gary Steinberg, Neal Shore, Lawrence Karsh, James Bailen, Michael Woods, Taylor Schreiber, Melissa Price
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Vesigenurtacel-L (HS-410), consists of an allogeneic bladder cancer cell line, selected for high expression of a series of tumor antigens that are known to be shared by a high proportion of bladder tumors. The cell line secretes gp96-Ig, a modified heat shock protein which
Effect of trastuzumab on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in HER2 nonamplified (non-amp) breast cancer (BC) cells.
Authors: D. M. Collins, N. O'Donovan, J. Dean, A. E. Hogan, J. Ballot, D. McDonnell, A. O'Meara, J. Crown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

659 Background: Trastuzumab (T) is currently indicated for the treatment of Her-2 positive breast cancers. The NSABP B-31 adjuvant trial suggested a possible clinical benefit for the addition of T to chemotherapy in patients whose tumors were Her-2 negative (low Her-2 expressing, non-amplified by FISH). ADCC mediated by CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells is known to play a role in response to T in Her-2 positive tumors. To investigate the possibility that T may induce ADCC against Her-2 negative tumors, we examined NK cell-mediated ADCC in T-treated, non-amp, low Her-2 expressing BC cell lines. Methods: A membrane/cytosol separation kit and immunoblotting were used to assess surface Her-2 levels in the non-amp BC cell lines CAMA-1, T47D, EFM19, MCF-7 and CAL-51. The positive control for Her-2 expression and amplification was HCC1954 and MDA-MB-468 was the negative control. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood of 8 healthy volunteers using a Ficoll-Plaque method. CD56+ NK cells were isolated from the PBMC fraction using magnetic bead based positive selection. Direct NK activity against the K562 cell line and the ability of the NK cells to induce T-related ADCC were measured using flow cytometry. Results: Membrane expression of Her-2 was detected in all cell lines examined except the MDA-MB-468 cell line. The direct cytotoxicity of NK cells ranged from 42% to 73% (ratio 10:1, NK: K562). T induced a significant ADCC response in the positive control HCC1954 (p value 0.002) and in each of the five non-amp, low Her-2 expressing cell lines, but not in the negative control MDA-MB-468 (Table). Conclusions: These results suggest that Her-2 non-amp BC cells, with low but detectable levels of Her-2 protein, can bind T and initiate ADCC. Future research will include determination of T-induced ADCC response by NK cells from patients with Her-2 non-amp BC. % increase in ADCC in response to 200 nM T (Ratio 1:1, NK: Target cell) HCC1954 CAMA-1 T47D EFM19 MCF-7 CAL-51 MDA-MB-468 Total Her-2 +++ + + + + + - % Increase ADCC ± std. dev. 29 ± 3 43 ± 13 21 ± 3 25 ± 7 31 ± 15 33 ± 8 0.6 ± 1 p value* 0.002 0.019 0.037 0.015 0.026 0.005 0.627 * p value – Student's t test, % ADCC for each cell line ± T in triplicate p<0.05 significant. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Roche Roche
Long-term effects of chemotherapy in patients with testicular cancer.
Authors: S Osanto, A Bukman, F Van Hoek, P J Sterk, J A De Laat, J Hermans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE Combination chemotherapy regimens that include cisplatin (CDDP) and bleomycin (BLE) result in the cure of the majority of patients with malignant germ cell tumors of the testis. We investigated the long-term damage of such chemotherapy to renal, pulmonary, and hearing function. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-three patients with disseminated testicular carcinoma were studied 1.5 to 9.3 years (median, 4.1 years) after completion of chemotherapy. All 43 patients received CDDP; of these, 39 also received BLE, 27 vinblastine (VLB), and 27 etoposide (VP-16). Mean cumulative doses of individual cytotoxic drugs administered were CDDP 483 mg/m2 (range, 189 to 1,173 mg/m2), BLE 160 mg/m2 (range, 81 to 311 mg/m2), VLB 31 mg/m2 (range, 19 to 158 mg/m2), and VP-16 667 mg/m2 (range, 242 to 1,455 mg/m2). RESULTS In the majority of cases, values of renal, pulmonary, and hearing function were within the normal range before treatment. An initial decrease in renal, pulmonary, and hearing function was observed, with recovery of pulmonary function at late follow-up. On average, a decrease of 15% in creatinine clearance rates was observed at late follow-up. Long-term effect on audiometric function was considerable, but frequencies affected were outside the range of conversational speech. With multivariate analysis, no overall relation between the cumulative doses of the individual drugs and the loss in organ function was found; the cumulative doses of CDDP and BLE only contributed approximately 30% to the loss in renal function and vital capacity, respectively. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy-induced pulmonary toxicity is reversible, whereas nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are not. However, the long-term effects of chemotherapy in testicular cancer patients were minor and not invalidating.