tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Intake and Renal Cell Cancer in a Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Studies
Authors: J. E. Lee, D. J. Hunter, D. Spiegelman, H.-O. Adami, D. Albanes, L. Bernstein, P. A. van den Brandt, J. E. Buring, E. Cho, A. R. Folsom, J. L. Freudenheim, E. Giovannucci, S. Graham, P. L. Horn-Ross, M. F. Leitzmann, M. L. McCullough, A. B. Miller, A. S. Parker, C. Rodriguez, T. E. Rohan, A. Schatzkin, L. J. Schouten, M. Virtanen, W. C. Willett, A. Wolk, S. M. Zhang, S. A. Smith-Warner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

The association between alcohol intake and risk of renal cell cancer has been inconsistent in case–control studies. An inverse association between alcohol intake and risk of renal cell cancer has been suggested in a few prospective studies, but each of these studies included a small number of cases. We performed a pooled analysis of 12 prospective studies that included 530469 women and 229575 men with maximum follow-up times of 7–20 years. All participants had completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline. Using the primary data from each study, the study-specific relative risks (RRs) for renal cell cancer were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models and then pooled using a random-effects model. All statistical tests were two-sided. A total of 1430 (711 women and 719 men) cases of incident renal cell cancer were identified. The study-standardized incidence rates of renal cell cancer were 23 per 100000 person-years among nondrinkers and 15 per 100000 person-years among those who drank 15 g/day or more of alcohol. Compared with nondrinking, alcohol consumption (≥15 g/day, equivalent to slightly more than one alcoholic drink per day) was associated with a decreased risk of renal cell cancer (pooled multivariable RR = 0.72, 95% confidence interval = 0.60 to 0.86; Ptrend <.001); statistically significant inverse trends with increasing intake were seen in both women and men. No difference by sex was observed ( Pheterogeneity = .89). Associations between alcohol intake and renal cell cancer were not statistically different across alcoholic beverage type (beer versus wine versus liquor) ( P = .40). Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk of renal cell cancer among both women and men in this pooled analysis.
Diabetes Mellitus with Ketoacidosis Presenting as Fournier's Gangrene
Authors: David N Slater, Geoffrey T Smith, Keith Mundy
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

Two patients with Fournier's gangrene are described. In each case this was the presenting clinical feature of diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis. Histological examination demonstrated that the probable cause was intravascular fibrin deposition. The association between diabetes mellitus and Fournier's gangrene is discussed.
Integrated Hemodynamic, Hormonal, and Renal Actions of Urocortin 2 in Normal and Paced Sheep
Authors: Miriam T. Rademaker, Vicky A. Cameron, Christopher J. Charles, A. Mark Richards
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Urocortin 2 (Ucn2) has potent cardiovascular actions and may participate in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). The integrated hemodynamic, endocrine, and renal effects of Ucn2 are unknown.Eight sheep received incremental intravenous boluses of murine Ucn2 (10, 50, and 100 microg at 2-hour intervals) before (normal) and during pacing-induced HF. Compared with control data, Ucn2 induced rapid and dose-dependent increases in cardiac output (peak effects: normal 4.3+/-0.2 versus 6.1+/-0.2 L/min, P<0.001; HF 2.3+/-0.1 versus 4.5+/-0.2 L/min, P<0.001) and reductions in peripheral resistance (normal 20.2+/-1.0 versus 15.2+/-0.8 mm Hg/L per minute, P<0.01; HF 32.2+/-1.7 versus 13.6+/-0.5 mm Hg/L per minute, P<0.001) and left atrial pressure (normal 4.3+/-0.3 versus 0.5+/-0.2 mm Hg, P<0.01; HF 22.9+/-0.6 versus 5.1+/-1.8 mm Hg, P<0.001). Mean arterial pressure was minimally elevated in normals and decreased in HF (both P<0.01). In both states, Ucn2 reduced plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels (normal 13+/-2 versus 10+/-2 pmol/L; HF 200+/-20 versus 72+/-10 pmol/L) and similarly increased corticotropin, cortisol, and Ucn1 (all P<0.001). In HF only, Ucn2 dose dependently decreased plasma vasopressin (3.09+/-0.36 versus 1.62+/-0.12 pmol/L, P<0.01), renin (2.98+/-1.17 versus 0.69+/-0.10 nmol/L per hour, P<0.001), aldosterone (1186+/-303 versus 364+/-122 pmol/L, P<0.001), endothelin-1 (3.39+/-0.23 versus 2.56+/-0.18 pmol/L, P<0.01), epinephrine (1633+/-260 versus 657+/-142 pmol/L, P<0.01), and brain natriuretic peptide (36+/-3 versus 18+/-4 pmol/L, P<0.001) concentrations. Renal effects, including increased urine volume (1.7-fold, P<0.05), sodium excretion (>12-fold, P<0.01), and creatinine excretion (1.3-fold, P<0.001), also occurred only in HF.Ucn2 has marked and beneficial hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal effects in experimental HF. These results support a role for Ucn2 in pressure/volume homeostasis in HF and suggest that the peptide may have therapeutic potential in this disease.
Older people's perspectives on participation in physical activity: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative literature
Authors: Marcia R Franco, Allison Tong, Kirsten Howard, Catherine Sherrington, Paulo H Ferreira, Rafael Z Pinto, Manuela L Ferreira
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background Physical inactivity accounts for 9% of all deaths worldwide and is among the top 10 risk factors for global disease burden. Nearly half of people aged over 60 years are inactive. Efforts to identify which factors influence physical activity behaviour are needed. Objective To identify and synthesise the range of barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation. Methods Systematic review of qualitative studies on the perspectives of physical activity among people aged 60 years and over. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and AMED were searched. Independent raters assessed comprehensiveness of reporting of included studies. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse the data. Results From 132 studies involving 5987 participants, we identified six major themes: social influences (valuing interaction with peers, social awkwardness, encouragement from others, dependence on professional instruction); physical limitations (pain or discomfort, concerns about falling, comorbidities); competing priorities; access difficulties (environmental barriers, affordability); personal benefits of physical activity (strength, balance and flexibility, self-confidence, independence, improved health and mental well-being); and motivation and beliefs (apathy, irrelevance and inefficacy, maintaining habits). Conclusions Some older people still believe that physical activity is unnecessary or even potentially harmful. Others recognise the benefits of physical activity, but report a range of barriers to physical activity participation. Strategies to enhance physical activity participation among older people should include (1) raising awareness of the benefits and minimise the perceived risks of physical activity and (2) improving the environmental and financial access to physical activity opportunities.
A stapled BIM peptide overcomes apoptotic resistance in hematologic cancers
Authors: James L. LaBelle, Samuel G. Katz, Gregory H. Bird, Evripidis Gavathiotis, Michelle L. Stewart, Chelsea Lawrence, Jill K. Fisher, Marina Godes, Kenneth Pitter, Andrew L. Kung, Loren D. Walensky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Cancer cells subvert the natural balance between cellular life and death, achieving immortality through pathologic enforcement of survival pathways and blockade of cell death mechanisms. Pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins are frequently disarmed in relapsed and refractory cancer through genetic deletion or interaction-based neutralization by overexpressed antiapoptotic proteins, resulting in resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatments. New pharmacologic strategies are urgently needed to overcome these formidable apoptotic blockades. We harnessed the natural killing activity of BCL-2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), which contains one of the most potent BH3 death domains of the BCL-2 protein family, to restore BH3-dependent cell death in resistant hematologic cancers. A hydrocarbon-stapled peptide modeled after the BIM BH3 helix broadly targeted BCL-2 family proteins with high affinity, blocked inhibitory antiapoptotic interactions, directly triggered proapoptotic activity, and induced dose-responsive and BH3 sequence-specific cell death of hematologic cancer cells. The therapeutic potential of stapled BIM BH3 was highlighted by the selective activation of cell death in the aberrant lymphoid infiltrates of mice reconstituted with BIM-deficient bone marrow and in a human AML xenograft model. Thus, we found that broad and multimodal targeting of the BCL-2 family pathway can overcome pathologic barriers to cell death.
Environmental Burden of Disease in Europe: Assessing Nine Risk Factors in Six Countries
Authors: Otto Hänninen, Anne B. Knol, Matti Jantunen, Tek-Ang Lim, André Conrad, Marianne Rappolder, Paolo Carrer, Anna-Clara Fanetti, Rokho Kim, Jurgen Buekers, Rudi Torfs, Ivano Iavarone, Thomas Classen, Claudia Hornberg, Odile C.L. Mekel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Environmental health effects vary considerably with regard to their severity, type of disease, and duration. Integrated measures of population health, such as environmental burden of disease (EBD), are useful for setting priorities in environmental health policies and research. This review is a summary of the full Environmental Burden of Disease in European countries (EBoDE) project report.The EBoDE project was set up to provide assessments for nine environmental risk factors relevant in selected European countries (Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands).Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were estimated for benzene, dioxins, secondhand smoke, formaldehyde, lead, traffic noise, ozone, particulate matter (PM2.5), and radon, using primarily World Health Organization data on burden of disease, (inter)national exposure data, and epidemiological or toxicological risk estimates. Results are presented here without discounting or age-weighting.About 3-7% of the annual burden of disease in the participating countries is associated with the included environmental risk factors. Airborne particulate matter (diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5) is the leading risk factor associated with 6,000-10,000 DALYs/year and 1 million people. Secondhand smoke, traffic noise (including road, rail, and air traffic noise), and radon had overlapping estimate ranges (600-1,200 DALYs/million people). Some of the EBD estimates, especially for dioxins and formaldehyde, contain substantial uncertainties that could be only partly quantified. However, overall ranking of the estimates seems relatively robust.With current methods and data, environmental burden of disease estimates support meaningful policy evaluation and resource allocation, including identification of susceptible groups and targets for efficient exposure reduction. International exposure monitoring standards would enhance data quality and improve comparability.
Prevalence and Treatment Patterns of Physical Impairments in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Andrea L. Cheville, Andrea B. Troxel, Jeffrey R. Basford, Alice B. Kornblith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Physical impairments cause profound functional declines in patients with cancer. Although common rehabilitation measures can address many impairments, the extent of their delivery is unknown. We studied these issues by quantifying physical impairments in patients with metastatic breast cancer and by assessing how they are addressed.A consecutive sample of 163 community-dwelling patients with metastatic breast cancer was stratified by Karnofsky performance score and administered the Medical Outcomes Study Physical Function Subscale and the Older Americans Resource Study Activities of Daily Living subscales. Cancer-related physical impairments were identified through a physical examination, the 6-Minute Walk Test, and the Functional Independence Measure Mobility Subscale. Patients were questioned regarding the nature, type, and setting of treatments for impairments. Physical rehabilitation needs were determined through a consensus process involving physiatrists and physical/occupational therapists specializing in cancer.Ninety-two percent of patients (150 of 163) had at least one physical impairment. Among 530 identified impairments, 484 (92%) required a physical rehabilitation intervention and 469 (88%) required physical therapy (PT) and/or occupational therapy (OT). Only 30% of impairments requiring rehabilitation services and 21% of those requiring PT/OT received treatment. Impairments detected during hospitalization were overwhelmingly more likely to receive a rehabilitation intervention (odds ratio [OR] = 87.9; 95% CI, 28.5 to 271.4), and PT/OT (OR = 558.8; 95% CI, 187.0 to 1,669.6). Low socioeconomic and minority status were significantly associated with nontreatment.Remediable physical impairments were prevalent and poorly addressed among patients with metastatic breast cancer, drastically so in the outpatient setting. Undertreatment was particularly prominent among minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
SELF-INFLICTED BULLET WOUND OF FRONTAL LOBES IN A DEPRESSION WITH RECOVERY
Authors: ZIGMOND M. LEBENSOHN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

A 49-year-old female suffering from a depression complicated by alcoholism had made several unsuccessful suicidal attempts. In 1937 she became acutely depressed and shot a .25 caliber bullet through both frontal lobes. The bullet is still lodged in the left supraorbital region, the patient having a rhinorrhea and pneumoventricle for several months. Neurological findings were uncertain and transitory, with the exception of a series of severe convulsions which occurred two years after the shooting. The patient's alcoholism has persisted but her depression, which cleared up directly after the shooting has remained absent for over three years. Psychological tests indicate childishness, facetiousness and extroversion with no evidence of any organic change in her intellectual status.
Video directly observed therapy for treatment of tuberculosis is patient-oriented and cost-effective
Authors: Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Maham Farshidpour, Deborah Banks-Tripp, Sarah Hashmi, Carrie Kujoth, Dean Schraufnagel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Curing tuberculosis (TB) entails adhering to a multidrug regimen for ≥6 months [1]. Failure to take the medications as prescribed can lead to treatment failure, drug resistance and further spread of TB, resulting in morbidity and death for the patient and a threat to public health. Treatment failure is the most important cause of drug-resistant TB, which is much more long, expensive and toxic to treat, and the outcomes of which are still unsatisfactory [2–4]. The public health consequences of nonadherence to TB treatment led to directly observed therapy (DOT) becoming the universal standard of care [5–8]. While DOT is a best practice model for TB treatment, it is labour intensive and can itself be a barrier to effective therapy because of its inconvenience for patients. The expense may be prohibitive for cash-strapped public healthcare systems [9]. A video-based approach is a novel, patient-oriented strategy for TB treatment <http://ow.ly/JDQCi> The authors would like to thank Golnaz Ebrahimi (University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA) and Marybeth Allen (University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA) for their editorial assistance.
Kinetic Analysis of Lipoproteins
Authors: A. Cader Asmal
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In order to identify the pathogenetic importance of production and removal processes in hypertriglyceridemia, techniques have to be employed that can independently and simultaneously measure both events. Steady-state triglyceride (TG) tracer kinetic studies do not meet these requirements.<sup>1</sup>For this reason the article by Grundy and Kesaniemi,<sup>2</sup>based on multicompartmental analysis of TG tracer kinetics, reporting a dual defect in the metabolism of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) TGs is of interest. The Zech model of multicompartmental analysis they have employed is itself based on data assuming a monoexponential decay of TG-specific activity. In the latter approach,<sup>3</sup>the turnover rate (TOR) is estimated as the product of the rate constant (k) and the pool size (P). Of the three kinetic parameters, two are measured, in this instance k and P, and the third, the TOR, is inferred; ie, production and removal are not simultaneously and independently
Sex specific alterations in autonomic function among patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: K Tillisch
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with increased psychological symptoms, early life stressors, and alterations in visceral perception and brain responses to noxious visceral stimuli. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a likely mediator for these brain-gut interactions. The few studies directly examining ANS measures have been suggestive of alterations in some IBS patients, but no studies to date have examined the potentially critical variables of sex differences or response to visceral stimulation. <b>Aims:</b> (1) To test differences in ANS function during rest and during a visceral stressor (rectosigmoid balloon distension) between IBS patients and healthy control subjects. (2) To examine the role of sex on the autonomic responses of IBS patients. <b>Methods:</b> Baseline autonomic measures were evaluated from 130 Rome I positive IBS patients and 55 healthy control subjects. Data were also collected from a subset of 46 IBS patients and 16 healthy control subjects during a sigmoid balloon distension study. Heart rate variability measures of peak power ratio (PPR) and peak power high frequency (PPHF) were analysed to assess sympathetic balance and parasympathetic response, respectively. Peripheral sympathetic response was measured by skin conductance. <b>Results:</b> IBS patients showed a greater skin conductance response to visceral distension than controls. IBS patients had higher PPR and lower PPHF across conditions. Male IBS patients had higher skin conductance and PPR than females and lower PPHF. <b>Conclusions:</b> IBS patients have altered autonomic responsiveness to a visceral stressor, with increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity. These differences are predominantly seen in males.
Differential expression of metallothioneins (MTs) 1, 2, and 3 in response to zinc treatment in human prostate normal and malignant cells and tissues
Authors: Hua Wei, Mohamed Mokhtar Desouki, Shufei Lin, Dakai Xiao, Renty B Franklin, Pei Feng
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2008)

Abstract Background The disturbance of zinc homeostasis featured with a significant decrease of cellular zinc level was well documented to associate with the development and progression of human prostate malignancy. We have previously reported that zinc treatment induces prostate malignant cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. Metallothionein (MT) is a major receptor/donor of zinc in the cells. However, the studies on the expression of MT in association with the prostate pathological and malignant status are very limited, and the zinc regulation of MT isoform expression in prostate cells remains elusive. The goals of this study were to define the expression of endogenous MTs, the isoforms of MT 1, 2, 3 at both messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels; and to investigate the zinc effect on MT expression in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and malignant PC-3 cells, and in relevant human tissues. Cellular MT proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence staining and Western blot analysis; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the MT isoform-specific mRNAs. Results Our results demonstrated a significant suppression of endogenous levels of MT1/2 in malignant PC-3 cells (95% reduction compared to the normal prostate cells) and in human adenocarcinoma tissues (73% MT1/2 negative). A moderate reduction of MT1/2 expression was observed in BPH. Zinc treatment remarkably induced MT1/2 expression in PC-3 and BPH cells, which was accordant with the restored cellular zinc level. MT 3, as a growth inhibitory factor, was detected and up-regulated by zinc mainly in BPH cells. Conclusion This study provided evidence of the association of attenuated MT1/2 with prostate tumor progression, and the zinc induction of MT1/2 expression resulting in cellular zinc restoration. The results suggest the potential of MT1/2 as a candidate biomarker for prostate cancer and the utilization of zinc in prostate cancer prevention and treatment.
Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: a CellSearch analysis
Authors: P. Gazzaniga, A. Gradilone, E. de Berardinis, G.M. Busetto, C. Raimondi, O. Gandini, C. Nicolazzo, A. Petracca, B. Vincenzi, A. Farcomeni, V. Gentile, E. Cortesi, L. Frati
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension
Authors: Ehud Grossman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Although blood pressure (BP) is a frequently used variable in nursing studies, measurements are likely to be inaccurate for a variety of reasons: incorrect technique, operator error, and environmental factors. Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) reduces measurement error, is relatively easy to use, and yields many more BP parameters than do clinic BP measurements. The cost of equipment for ABPM ranges from $2,500 to $5,000 per monitor and from $2,000 to $3,000 for computer software. A research assistant can easily be trained to follow a standardized procedure. Researchers have used ABPM to study normal BP patterns, complications of hypertension, effects of antihypertensive drugs, and the prognosis of cardiovascular events. This article provides the nurse researcher with an introduction to this technology and an overview of information gained from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.