tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway blood flow and bronchovascular congestion in sheep
Authors: EM Baile, A Sotres-Vega, PD Pare
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Vascular congestion could play an important role in causing airway narrowing in asthma. However, the effects of altered bronchial vascular volume and blood flow on airway morphology and pulmonary resistance have not been studied. The aim of this study was to measure airway calibre and vascular volume during inhalation of reputed dilators and constrictors of the airway vasculature in sheep. After baseline measurements of pulmonary resistance (RL) and airway blood flow (Qaw), anaesthetized sheep inhaled an aerosol of either: 0.9% saline (n = 6); histamine 16 mg.ml-1 (n = 5); phenylephrine 0.1-10 mg.ml-1 (n = 6), or methoxamine 1 mg.ml-1 (n = 5). RL and Qaw were measured at the time of peak bronchoconstriction, and the sheep were rapidly killed and lung blood loss prevented. Right lung Qaw was calculated and left lung processed for histology; measurements of cartilaginous airway size, wall thickness and fraction of the wall occupied by blood were made using morphometric techniques. Results showed that 20-30% of the airway wall was occupied by blood vessels. Inhalation of histamine caused an increase in Qaw and RL, and a 50% increase in the vascular volume fraction of the airway wall, whereas inhaled alpha-agonists did not reduce Qaw or vascular volume fraction. We conclude that the major cause of airway narrowing after inhalation of histamine is contraction of the smooth muscle, and the bronchovascular congestion contributes little to airway narrowing in cartilaginous airways of sheep. In addition inhaled alpha-agonists do not constrict the bronchial microvasculature under baseline conditions. Therefore, our results do not support the hypothesis that protection against bronchoconstriction provided by alpha-agonists is due to vasoconstriction.
What to do about poor clinical performance in clinical trials Commentary: Of course patients should be told Commentary: The surgeon is only one factor
Authors: S. Mason
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The performance of individual clinicians is being monitored as never before.Su Mason and colleagues discuss the implications of this for clinical trials and recommend what should happen if during a trial the performance of one clinician or one centre is identified as being particularly poor.Tom Treasure, a surgeon, wants the monitoring to be done fairly and to take account of the complexities of clinical practice; and Heather Goodare, a patient, wants to be told when things go wrong.The Department of Health in England has issued guidelines for research governance stating that healthcare organisations remain responsible for the quality of all aspects of patients' care whether or not some aspects of the care are part of a research study. 1 We discuss how this obligation can be met in multicentre trials, given that data on the performance of clinicians are held by the trial management team, not by the host organisation.
Resistant influenza A viruses in children treated with oseltamivir: descriptive study
Authors: Maki Kiso, Keiko Mitamura, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Kyoko Shiraishi, Chiharu Kawakami, Kazuhiro Kimura, Frederick G Hayden, Norio Sugaya, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
A systematic approach to identify novel cancer drug targets using machine learning, inhibitor design and high-throughput screening
Authors: Jouhyun Jeon, Satra Nim, Joan Teyra, Alessandro Datti, Jeffrey L Wrana, Sachdev S Sidhu, Jason Moffat, Philip M Kim
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

We present an integrated approach that predicts and validates novel anti-cancer drug targets. We first built a classifier that integrates a variety of genomic and systematic datasets to prioritize drug targets specific for breast, pancreatic and ovarian cancer. We then devised strategies to inhibit these anti-cancer drug targets and selected a set of targets that are amenable to inhibition by small molecules, antibodies and synthetic peptides. We validated the predicted drug targets by showing strong anti-proliferative effects of both synthetic peptide and small molecule inhibitors against our predicted targets.
STUDIES OF THE HEMOLYSIS OF RED BLOOD CELLS BY MUMPS VIRUS
Authors: David W. Soule, Guido V. Marinetti, Herbert R. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Hemolysis of chicken red blood cells by mumps virus is associated with the release of sphingomyelin from the stromal lipoprotein and the destruction of 65 per cent of the sphingomyelin of the red cell stroma. However, the virus had no effect on isolated phosphatides extracted from the erythrocytes. The hemolytic action of the virus and changes in sphingomyelin content of the erythrocytes fail to occur at a pH of 6.0. The viral hemolysis of human erythrocytes is not associated with similar alterations in their content of sphingomyelin. The absence of lecithin from sheep erythrocytes, which are also lysed by mumps virus, is additional evidence that a viral lecithinase is not associated with the hemolytic property of mumps virus. Mumps virus concentrated from the amniotic fluid of viral infected chick embryos contains about 7 per cent phosphatide, 60 per cent of which is sphingomyelin.
Atypical varicella mimicking hand-foot-mouth disease in an adult patient with malignant lymphoma during chemotherapy
Authors: M. Osawa, N. Umemoto, N. Tajima, H. Sugawara, J. Nishida, M. Kakurai, S. Toda, T. Demitsu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, We report a case of atypical varicella initially resembling hand–foot–mouth disease. A 35‐year‐old Japanese female was referred to us because of vesicular eruption on the oral mucosa, palms and soles. She had received chemotherapy with MACOP‐B (methotrexate, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, bleomycin) for malignant lymphoma (diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma). During chemotherapy, she presented with vesicular eruption on the tongue, palms and soles (Fig. 1). She had a history of varicella in her childhood. Physical examination revealed round‐shaped vesicles with haemorrhagic erythema measuring 2–5 mm in diameter scattered on the palms and soles. The oral mucosa was also involved. There were no skin lesions on other skin surfaces. One week after the first visit, the vesicles of the palmoplantar regions enlarged, increased in number and disseminated to the entire skin accompanied by fever of 40 °C (Fig. 2). Then, numerous umbilicated vesicles and bullae surrounded by an erythematous halo measuring 5–10 mm in diameter were also seen on the face, trunk and extremities. Thus, the distribution of the skin lesions still showed an acral predominance. Histology of the roof of a vesicle disclosed marked reticular and ballooning degeneration of the epidermis with multinucleated giant cells, and intranuclear inclusion bodies in the keratinocytes. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA was detected in whole blood by the polymerase chain reaction. The diagnosis of varicella was confirmed. An assay of serum antibodies to VZV and to herpes simplex virus (HSV) revealed that both VZV IgM and HSV IgM were negative, whereas VZV IgG and HSV IgG were positive. While she was in hospital, serological titres of paired tests for coxsackie A10, coxsackie A16, and enterovirus 71 were not raised. Liver transaminase levels of aspartate amino transaminase and alanine amino transaminase reached peaks of 130 U L−1 and 242 U L−1, respectively. The intravenous administration of aciclovir caused a marked improvement in her eruption and liver dysfunction. The skin lesions then resolved within 2 weeks.
Children’s Health Care and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Authors: Eileen K. Fry-Bowers, William Nicholas, Neal Halfon
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
The role of tension receptors in colonic mechanosensitivity in humans
Authors: M Corsetti
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Perception of colonic distension, which is enhanced in a subset of patients with irritable bowel syndrome, requires activation of mechanoreceptors. In animal studies, distension activates both in series ("tension") and in parallel ("elongation") mechanoreceptors. During active contractions against a fixed volume balloon, tension receptors are activated without elongation of receptor activation. <b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the role of tension receptors in the perception of mechanical stimuli from the colon in healthy subjects. <b>Methods:</b> A 700 ml balloon connected to a barostat-manometer assembly was placed in the descending colon of 10 healthy subjects. After volume controlled distension (50 ml/2 minutes) to assess the first perception threshold, fixed volume subthreshold distension (122 (16) ml) was maintained for a 30 minute period before and after administration of neostigmine 0.5 mg intravenously. Mean intraballoon pressure, number, amplitude, and duration of contractions, and frequency of sensations were analysed. The period after neostigmine was divided into 10 second intervals and evaluated for the occurrence of contractions and onset of sensations. Fisher's exact test was applied to calculate the sensation-contraction association probability (SAP) as (1.0−p)×100%. <b>Results:</b> Neostigmine increased intraballoon pressure (p&lt;0.01), number of contractions (p&lt;0.01), and number of sensations (p&lt;0.01) per minute in all subjects. In seven of 10 subjects a significant association (SAP &gt;95%) was found between sensations and contractions. In the remaining subjects, contractions were not associated with sensations and had lower amplitude (p&lt;0.05) and duration (p&lt;0.01) compared with contractions in the other seven subjects. <b>Conclusion:</b> In humans, tension receptors are involved in mediating colonic mechanosensitivity.
A FURTHER STUDY OF THE GASTRIC ULCERS FOLLOWING ADRENALECTOMY
Authors: Frank C. Mann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

Acute gastric ulcers are found in a large percentage of animals dying from acute adrenal insufficiency. In dogs in which a portion of the jejunum had been transplanted some time previous to the removal of the adrenals, the gastric mucosa showed more marked changes than the transplanted jejunal mucosa. This tends to show that the gastric juice as the cause of the ulcer is but a secondary although necessary factor.
Muscle Spasm due to Lack of Sodium Chloride
Authors: A. H. Gregson
Journal: BMJ (1944)

obstruction seems one that is likely to deprive the infant of that chance of survival which surgery can give it.A further reason against expectant treatment is, as McGavin and Choyce (1932) pointed out, that the avascular amniotic membranes slough and rupture, leading to a factitious ectopia of the viscera and resultant death from shock or sepsis.Brailsford (1939) has drawn attention to the possibility of diagnosing antenatally several of the severe forms of congenital deformity by a radiograph of the foetus.In a case of exom- phalos he noticed a marked shortening of the spinal column.In the present case, in Lambert Rogers's, and apparently in Ley's, no such shortening was present, so that the absence of shortening in a foetal radiograph certainly does not indicate an absence of this deformity.I would like to pay tribute to the splendid anaesthesia given by my native boy and, in doing so, to state what fine anaesthetists and nurses our com- paratively uneducated Banyarwanda boys make.With their services as anaesthetists and assistants there are very few surgical procedures which we are unable to tackle in our lonely and primitive hospital.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Prognosis for Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jong Gwang Kim, Yee Soo Chae, Sang Kyun Sohn, Yoon Young Cho, Joon Ho Moon, Jae Yong Park, Seoung Woo Jeon, In Taek Lee, Gyu Seog Choi, Soo-Han Jun
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its family may be considered to play an important role in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic tumor spread, thereby affecting prognosis of colorectal cancer. Accordingly, the present study analyzed VEGF gene polymorphisms and their effect on the prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: Four hundred and forty-five consecutive patients with surgically treated colorectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled in the present study. The genomic DNA was extracted from fresh colorectal tissue and three VEGF (−2578C&amp;gt;A, −634G&amp;gt;C, and +936C&amp;gt;T) gene polymorphisms were determined using a PCR/denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Results: Multivariate survival analysis showed that the survival for the patients with the −634 G/C genotype [overall survival (OS): hazard ratio (HR), 0.158; P &amp;lt; 0.001] or C/C genotype (OS: HR, 0.188; P &amp;lt; 0.001) were better than for the patients with the −634G/G genotype, whereas the +936 C/T genotype (OS: HR, 12.809; P &amp;lt; 0.001) or T/T genotype (OS: HR, 37.260; P &amp;lt; 0.001) was associated with a worse survival compared with the +936 C/C genotype. In haplotype analysis, the −2578A/−634G/+936T haplotype exhibited a significantly worse survival when compared with the wild −2578C/−634G/+936C haplotype (OS: HR, 3.866; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions: VEGF gene polymorphisms were found to be an independent prognostic marker for patients with colorectal cancer. Accordingly, the analysis of VEGF gene polymorphisms can help identify patient subgroups at high risk of a poor disease outcome.
Prevention of Late-Life Depression in Primary Care: Do We Know Where to Begin?
Authors: Robert A. Schoevers, Filip Smit, Dorly J.H. Deeg, Pim Cuijpers, Jack Dekker, Willem van Tilburg, Aartjan T.F. Beekman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

This study attempted to compare two models for selective (people at elevated risk) and indicated (those with subsyndromal depressive symptoms) prevention and to determine the optimal strategy for prevention of late-life depression.Onset was assessed at 3 years with the Geriatric Mental State AGECAT in a randomly selected cohort of 1,940 nondepressed and nondemented older people in Amsterdam. Risk factors that can easily be identified in primary care were used.The association of risk factors with depression incidence was expressed in absolute and relative risk estimates, number needed to treat, and population-attributable fractions. Prevention models were identified with classification and regression tree analyses. In the indicated prevention model, subsyndromal symptoms of depression were associated with a risk of almost 40% of developing depression and a number needed to treat of 5.8, accounting for 24.6% of new cases. Adding more risk factors raised the absolute risk to 49.3%, with a lower number needed to treat but also lower attributable fraction values. In the selective prevention model, spousal death showed the highest risk, becoming even higher if the subjects also had a chronic illness. Overall, the attributable fraction values in the indicated model were higher, identifying more people at risk.Consideration of the costs and benefits of both models in the context of the availability of evidence-based preventative interventions indicated that prevention aimed at elderly people with depressive symptoms is preferred. The focus on treatment should be readdressed; a new approach is needed, with a stronger emphasis on prevention.
Combination of irinotecan (CPT-11) plus oxaliplatin (L-OHP) as first-line treatment in locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer: a multicentre phase II trial
Authors: J. Souglakos, K. Syrigos, A. Potamianou, A. Polyzos, I. Boukovinas, N. Androulakis, Ch. Kouroussis, N. Vardakis, Ch. Christophilakis, A. Kotsakis, V. Georgoulias
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
A Combination of Serum Markers for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Norbert Wild, Herbert Andres, Wolfgang Rollinger, Friedemann Krause, Peter Dilba, Michael Tacke, Johann Karl
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Fecal occult blood testing is recommended as first-line screening to detect colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated markers and marker combinations in serum as an alternative to improve the detection of CRC. Experimental Design: Using penalized logistic regression, 6 markers were selected for evaluation in 1,027 samples (301 CRC patients, 143 patients with adenoma, 266 controls, 141 disease controls, and 176 patients with other cancer). The diagnostic performance of each marker and of marker combinations was assessed. Results: To detect CRC from serum samples, we tested 22 biomarkers. Six markers were selected for a marker combination, including the known tumor markers CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and CYFRA 21-1 as well as novel markers or markers that are less routinely used for the detection of CRC: ferritin, osteopontin (OPN), anti-p53, and seprase. CEA showed the best sensitivity at 95% specificity with 43.9%, followed by seprase (42.4%), CYFRA 21-1 (35.5%), OPN (30.2%), ferritin (23.9%), and anti-p53 (20.0%). A combination of these markers gave 69.6% sensitivity at 95% specificity and 58.7% at 98% specificity. Focusing on International Union against Cancer (UICC) stages 0–III reduced the sensitivity slightly to 68.0% and 53.3%, respectively. In a subcollective, with matched stool samples (75 CRC cases and 234 controls), the sensitivity of the marker combination was comparable with fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) with 82.4% and 68.9% versus 81.8% and 72.7% at 95% and 98% specificity, respectively. Conclusions: The performance of the serum marker combination is comparable with FIT. This provides a novel tool for CRC screening to trigger a follow-up colonoscopy for a final diagnosis. Clin Cancer Res; 16(24); 6111–21. ©2010 AACR.
Relationship of glioblastoma multiforme to the subventricular zone is associated with survival
Authors: Nazia F. Jafri, Jennifer L. Clarke, Vivian Weinberg, Igor J. Barani, Soonmee Cha
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

The subventricular zone (SVZ) lines the lateral ventricles and represents the origin of neural and some cancer stem cells. Tumors contacting the SVZ may be more invasive with higher potential to recruit migratory progenitor cells. Our specific aim was to determine whether SVZ involvement in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is associated with a higher recurrence rate and shorter overall survival. MR imaging and clinical data from 91 patients with GBM treated at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Tumors were classified as type I if the contrast-enhancing lesion contacted both the SVZ and cortex on pre-operative MRI, type II if only the SVZ was involved, type III if only cortex was involved, and type IV if the lesion did not contact either the SVZ or cortex. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were estimated based on Kaplan-Meier calculations. When comparing type I tumors with types II-IV, only 39% of patients with type I tumors were free of recurrence and alive at 6 months, significantly fewer than for all other types combined (67%; P = .01). PFS at 6 months was also less, at only 47% among patients with SVZ-positive tumors, compared with 69% in the SVZ-negative group (P = .002). Patients with SVZ involvement also demonstrated a more rapid time to progression, compared with those not involving the SVZ (P = .003). Patients with GBM involving the SVZ have decreased overall survival and PFS, which may have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Long-term follow-up of photodynamic therapy with a self-adhesive 5-aminolaevulinic acid patch: 12 months data
Authors: R.-M. Szeimies, E. Stockfleth, G. Popp, F. Borrosch, H. Brüning, R. Dominicus, H. Mensing, U. Reinhold, K. Reich, A.C.E. Moor, M. Stocker, C. Ortland, M. Brunnert, A. Hauschild
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Photodynamic therapy with a self‐adhesive 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (5‐ALA) patch shows high efficacy rates in the treatment of mild to moderate actinic keratosis (AK) in short term trials. Objectives The purpose of the trial was to follow up patients after successful 5‐ALA patch‐PDT at 3 month intervals over a total period of 12 months. Patients who had received placebo‐PDT or cryosurgery served for comparison. Patients/methods Three months after therapy, 360 patients from two separate randomized parallel group phase III studies (one superiority trial vs. placebo‐PDT, one noninferiority trial vs. cryosurgery) were suitable for the follow‐up study. Patients had to show at least one successfully treated AK lesion after initial therapy. A total of 316 patients completed the follow‐up. Results Twelve months after a single treatment, 5‐ALA patch‐PDT still proved superior to placebo‐PDT and cryosurgery (P <0·001 for all tests). On a lesion basis, efficacy rates were 63% and 79% for PDT, 63% for cryosurgery and 9% and 25% for placebo‐PDT. Recurrence rates of patch‐PDT proved superior to those of cryosurgery (per protocol set: P =0·011, full analysis set: P =0·049). While 31% of cryosurgery lesions were still hypopigmented after 1 year, the 5‐ALA patch‐PDT groups showed hypopigmentation in 0% (superiority trial) and 3% (noninferiority trial) of the treated lesions. Conclusion Twelve months after a single 5‐ALA patch‐PDT the majority of lesions were still cleared with an excellent cosmetic outcome. 5‐ALA patch‐PDT proved to be superior to cryosurgery in the noninferiority study setting.