tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract C16: Reactive oxygen species derivate of diethylnitrosamine metabolism participates in oxidation of thiol proteins
Authors: Diana Ivette Aparicio-Bautista, Nora Andrea Gutiérrez-Nájera, Jaime Arellanes-Robledo, Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón, Mónica Noemí Jiménez-García, Julio Isael Pérez-Carreón, Saúl Villa-Treviño
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction: Conversion of Protein-SH into disulphides is an early event during the radical-mediated oxidation of proteins; this has prompted a great interest in the study of changes of these thiol proteins. The aim was to detect the most sensitive thiol proteins to reactive oxygen species generated by metabolism of Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in the rat liver. DEN has been widely used to induce experimental hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Twenty Male Fischer 344 rats were randomized into 4 groups: 3 groups were treated with DEN at 200 mg/kg weight. Each group was sacrificed at 6h (DEN 6), 12h (DEN 12) and 24h (DEN 24) after DEN administration. The last group was used as negative control (NC). To evaluate the formation of disulphide proteins in the liver, we compared the three DEN treated groups against the non treated rats. Total proteins were extracted and labeled with saturation dye according to method Redox-DIGE with some modifications, this method coupled to mass spectrometry was used to identify the differential oxidation protein profile. Results: The analysis showed a tendency to increase the number of oxidized thiol proteins, through the time of DEN exposure together to a possible increase of proteins degradation. The differentially oxidized proteins at 6h, 12h and 24h were 407, 690, and 665 respectively; of those 6, 12 and 90 increased (up-oxidized) and 45, 12 and 51 decreased (down-oxidized), taking as reference two folds in their oxidation status respect to NC group. Some proteins were already identified from the different groups and according to functional classification, the identified proteins in our study are categorized as chaperone, oxidoreductase, activity isomerase, hidrolase, protein binding, cytoskeleton, activity transferase, among others. Conclusions: DEN has an oxidative effect on thiol proteins; also, there is a tendency to increase the number of oxidized thiol proteins which depends of the time of DEN exposure and very likely related to the mechanism of carcinogenesis initiation. In addition to oxidation process, the proteins could be being degraded by DEN effect. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C16.
Hepatitis C: Improving the diagnostic armamentarium
Authors: Jorge J. Gumucio, Paul Martin
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

A new four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (4-RIBA) for confirmation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) C-100 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactivity was tested in stored serum samples (1984-86) of blood donors and recipients and compared with results from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of fresh (1990) plasma samples in donors and recipients from the original study. Of 37 HCV C-100 ELISA-positive blood products, 8 were 4-RIBA positive, of which 7 were implicated in post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis (PT-NANBH) and/or PCR confirmed recipient HCV infection. Of 9 recipients with PTNANBH, 8 were reactive in 4-RIBA (6 positive and 2 indeterminate). With fresh plasma samples, 3 donors and 6 recipients who were 4-RIBA positive were also PCR positive. 4 4-RIBA indeterminate and 78 4-RIBA negative samples of donors and recipients were PCR negative. Of 6 4-RIBA positive recipients, 5 were PCR positive four to six years later. 1.6% of the 383 recipients became chronically infected with HCV. The new 4-RIBA represents a candidate confirmation test to discriminate between infective and non-infective HCV C-100 ELISA-positive blood donors.
Genetic and Shared Environmental Factors Do Not Confound the Association Between Birth Weight and Hypertension
Authors: Niklas Bergvall, Anastasia Iliadou, Stefan Johansson, Ulf de Faire, Michael S. Kramer, Yudi Pawitan, Nancy L. Pedersen, Paul Lichtenstein, Sven Cnattingius
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Studies have found associations between low birth weight and increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. However, these associations could be due to confounding by genetic or socioeconomic factors. Methods and Results— We performed a study on Swedish like-sexed twins with known zygosity who were born from 1926 to 1958. First, to obtain an overall effect of birth weight on risk of hypertension, we performed cohort analyses on all twins (n=16 265). Second, to address genetic and shared environmental confounding, we performed a nested co-twin control analysis within 594 dizygotic and 250 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for hypertension. Birth characteristics, including birth weight, were obtained from original birth records. Information from adulthood was collected from a postal questionnaire in 1973 (body mass index, height, smoking, and alcohol use) and from a telephone interview conducted from 1998 to 2002 (hypertension and socioeconomic status). Hypertension was defined as reporting both high blood pressure and treatment with antihypertensive medication. In the cohort analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for hypertension in relation to a 500-g decrease in birth weight was 1.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 1.61). In the co-twin control analyses, the corresponding odds ratios were 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.69) for dizygotic and 1.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 2.70) for monozygotic twins. Conclusions— In the largest twin study on the fetal origins of hypertension, we found that decreased birth weight is associated with increased risk of hypertension independently of genetic factors, shared familial environment, and risk factors for hypertension in adulthood, including body mass index.
An assessment of injuries in college cheerleading: distribution, frequency, and associated factors
Authors: B H Jacobson, B Redus, T Palmer
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Over 50% of all catastrophic injuries in women's sport occur in cheerleading, but unlike other sports, no central tracking system exists.To obtain, describe, and compare cheerleading injury data and associated factors.Cheerleaders from randomly chosen division IA universities completed surveys designed to acquire basic information and data on injury frequency, type, and location, practice frequency and duration, and related factors.Participants (n = 440) were aged 18-23 (mean (SD) 20.2 (1.8)) with 6.6 (2.2) years of experience. Most respondents (78%) reported having suffered one or more career injury. Of those injured, 39.7% reported an injury within the preceding year. Respondents sustained 1.0 (0.91) injuries during the preceding year with 1.8 (2.2) days lost. Ankles (44.9%) and wrist/hand (19.3%) were the most commonly injured. Practice frequency and duration were 205 (61.5) days a year (range 80-300) and 2.8 (0.7) hours (range 1.5-4) respectively. Training included stretching (99.7%), endurance activities (87.1%), and weight training (92.9%).Guidelines and policy governing cheerleading should be developed according to mandatory injury reporting similar to that currently used in other sports.
Electronic Prompt to Improve Outpatient Code Status Documentation for Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Jennifer S. Temel, Joseph A. Greer, Emily R. Gallagher, Vicki A. Jackson, Inga T. Lennes, Alona Muzikansky, Elyse R. Park, William F. Pirl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Rates of documentation of end-of-life care preferences in the medical record remain low, even among patients with incurable malignancies. We therefore conducted a two-phase study to develop and assess the effect of electronic prompts to encourage oncology clinicians to document code status in the outpatient electronic health record (EHR) of patients with advanced lung cancers.To determine the optimal delivery, content, and timing of the electronic prompt, we first facilitated focus groups with oncology clinicians at an affiliated medical center. Given this feedback, we developed e-mail reminders timed to the start of each new chemotherapy regimen. Between July 2009 and January 2011, 102 eligible patients with incurable lung cancer were approached, and 100 agreed to participate. We compared e-mail prompt participants (EPPs) with a cohort of 100 consecutive historical controls who began therapy for incurable lung cancer at least 1 year before the start of this study. The primary outcome measure was clinician documentation of code status in the EHR.EPPs were similar to historical controls, with no significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics. At 1-year follow-up, 33.7% (n = 33/98) of EPPs had a code status documented in the outpatient EHR compared with 14.5% (n = 12/83) of historical controls (P = .003). Mean time to code status documentation was significantly shorter in EPPs (8.6 months [95% CI, 7.6 to 9.5]) compared with controls (10.5 months [95% CI, 9.8 to 11.3]; P = .004).e-mail prompts may improve the rate and timing of code status documentation in the EHR and warrant further investigation.
Nonfasting Triglycerides and Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Death in Men and Women
Authors: Børge G Nordestgaard, Marianne Benn, Peter Schnohr, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ContextElevated nonfasting triglycerides indicate the presence of remnant lipoproteins, which may promote atherosclerosis.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that very high levels of nonfasting triglycerides predict myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and death.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA prospective cohort study of 7587 women and 6394 men from the general population of Copenhagen, Denmark, aged 20 to 93 years, followed up from baseline (1976-1978) until 2004.Main Outcome MeasuresHazard ratios (HRs) for incident MI, IHD, and total death according to baseline nonfasting triglyceride level categories of 1 to 1.99 mmol/L (88.5-176.1 mg/dL), 2 to 2.99 mmol/L (177.0-264.6 mg/dL), 3 to 3.99 mmol/L (265.5-353.0 mg/dL), 4 to 4.99 mmol/L (354.0-441.6 mg/dL), and 5 mmol/L or more (≥442.5 mg/dL) vs triglyceride levels of less than 1 mmol/L (&lt;88.5 mg/dL).ResultsWith increasing levels of nonfasting triglycerides, levels of remnant lipoprotein cholesterol increased. During a mean follow-up of 26 years, 1793 participants (691 women and 1102 men) developed MI, 3479 (1567 women and 1912 men) developed IHD, and 7818 (3731 women and 4087 men) died. For MI, among women, the age-adjusted HRs and multifactorially adjusted HRs (aHRs) for each respective category per 1-mmol/L increase in nonfasting triglyceride levels were 2.2 (aHR, 1.7), 4.4 (aHR, 2.5), 3.9 (aHR, 2.1), 5.1 (aHR, 2.4), and 16.8 (aHR, 5.4); for both, P for trend &lt; .001. For MI, among men, the values were 1.6 (aHR, 1.4), 2.3 (aHR, 1.6), 3.6 (aHR, 2.3), 3.3 (aHR, 1.9), and 4.6 (aHR, 2.4); for both, P for trend &lt; .001. For IHD, among women, the values were 1.7 (aHR, 1.4), 2.8 (aHR, 1.8), 3.0 (aHR, 1.8), 2.1 (aHR, 1.2), and 5.9 (aHR, 2.6); for both, P for trend &lt; .001. For IHD, among men, the values were 1.3 (aHR, 1.1), 1.7 (aHR, 1.3), 2.1 (aHR, 1.3), 2.0 (aHR, 1.2), and 2.9 (aHR, 1.5); P for trend &lt; .001 for age-adjusted and P for trend = .03 for multifactorially adjusted. For total death, among women, the values were 1.3 (aHR, 1.3), 1.7 (aHR, 1.6), 2.2 (aHR, 2.2), 2.2 (aHR, 1.9), and 4.3 (aHR, 3.3); for both, P for trend &lt; .001. For total death, among men, the values were 1.3 (aHR, 1.2), 1.4 (aHR, 1.4), 1.7 (aHR, 1.5), 1.8 (aHR, 1.6), and 2.0 (aHR, 1.8); for both, P for trend &lt; .001.ConclusionIn this general population cohort, elevated nonfasting triglyceride levels were associated with increased risk of MI, IHD, and death in men and women.
ANALYSIS OF ONE HUNDRED CONSECUTIVE CASES OF CARDIAC DISEASE
Authors: W. B. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1920)

DURING the past few years knowledge of diseases of the h1eart has'been notably advanced, and I will here give an analysis of 100 consecutive cases of cardiac disease occur- ring in mny practice at Llangammarch Wells, and discuss the symptoms, tlle prognosis, and treatment, in the light of modern research.When a patient with a disordered heart presents himself it is advisable, before proceeding to the physical examina- tion, to make inquiries as to the symptoms.Frequentlv they have been neglected, and more stress has been laid on 'the' presence or absence of certain pliysikaI signs, and an erroneous impression of the case lias beeii obtained.. At"'rest the heart uses only a small portion of its energy in ke,ep!ing the blood circulating, but during exercise a larger amount, called reserve 'energy, is used; in violent ekercise this may atmount to"three or four times that used at rest.When heart failure begins this' reserve' eneray diminishe, thus lessening the amount of work the patient can do.'Heart failure is indicated by certain symptoms, such as pain in the region of the precordiurn, shbrtness of breath, exha,ustion, etc.' The basis for estimating the strength of the'lieart, and therefore the amount of reserve energy present, is the' amount of physical work the patient can do.The first'inquiries are tlherefore directed to ascertain
Drug-Induced Epistaxis?
Authors: M G Watson, P M Shenoi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1990)

To assess the aetiological contribution made to spontaneous epistaxis in adults over the age of 50 years by various groups of drugs, a controlled study was designed. Fifty-three consecutive epistaxis patients were compared with 50 controls. Significant differences were found between the groups in their consumption of warfarin, dipyridamole and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Hypertension was equally common in the two groups, but tended to be less well controlled in the epistaxis patients compared to the controls. It is thought that the link between the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the occurrence of epistaxis may be due to alteration of platelet function.
Morale among general practitioners: qualitative study exploring relations between partnership arrangements, personal style, and workload
Authors: G. Huby
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To explore general practitioners9 experiences of wellbeing and distress at work, to identify their perceptions of the causes of and solutions to distress, and to draw out implications for improving morale in general practice. <b>Design:</b> Three stage qualitative study consisting of one to one unstructured interviews, one to one guided interviews, and focus groups. <b>Setting:</b> Fife, Lothian, and the Borders, South East Scotland. <b>Participants:</b> 63 general practitioner principals. <b>Results:</b> Morale of general practitioners was explained by the complex interrelations between factors. Three key factors were identified: workload, personal style, and practice arrangements. Workload was commonly identified as a cause of low morale, but partnership arrangements were also a key mediating variable between increasing workload and external changes in general practice on the one hand and individual responses to these changes on the other. Integrated interventions at personal, partnership, and practice levels were seen to make considerable contributions to improving morale. Effective partnerships helped individuals to manage workload, but increasing workload was also seen to take away time and opportunities for practices to manage change and to build supportive and effective working environments. <b>Conclusions:</b> Solutions to the problem of low morale need integrated initiatives at individual, partnership, practice, and policy levels. Improving partnership arrangements is a key intervention, and rigorous action research is needed to evaluate different approaches.
Enhancement of delayed hypersensitivity reaction with varieties of anti-cancer drugs. A common biological phenomenon.
Authors: M Goto, A Mitsuoka, M Sugiyama, M Kitano
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mice was commonly enhanced with various anti-cancer agents administered as single or intermittent high doses but not consecutive divided doses. The effect of anti-cancer agents on the delayed hypersensitivity reaction was thought to be due to elimination of suppressor T cell activity.
Constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans and paraneoplastic pemphigus
Authors: Y. Hasegawa, K. Shimokata, S Ichiyama, H. Saito
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans is rare, and the pathogenesis of the disease often remains unknown. This study reports on the case of a 38 yr-old female with constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans and paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with malignant lymphoma. The patient developed progressive obstructive lung disease. The chest radiograph showed almost normal lungs. Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a newly described syndrome in which patients have autoantibodies binding to some epithelia, including in the respiratory tract. The disease develops in association with non-Hodgkin9s lymphomas or other malignant neoplasms. The case presented here suggests that constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus may be one of the facets of autoimmune responses in this context.
The Chemokine SDF-1 Is a Chemoattractant for Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Provides a New Mechanism to Explain the Mobilization of CD34+ Progenitors to Peripheral Blood
Authors: A. Aiuti, I.J. Webb, C. Bleul, T. Springer, J.C. Gutierrez-Ramos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Hematopoietic progenitor cells migrate in vitro and in vivo towards a gradient of the chemotactic factor stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) produced by stromal cells. This is the first chemoattractant reported for human CD34+ progenitor cells. Concentrations of SDF-1 that elicit chemotaxis also induce a transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium in CD34+ cells. SDF-1-induced chemotaxis is inhibited by pertussis toxin, suggesting that its signaling in CD34+ cells is mediated by seven transmembrane receptors coupled to Gi proteins. CD34+ cells migrating to SDF-1 include cells with a more primitive (CD34+/CD38− or CD34+/DR−) phenotype as well as CD34+ cells phenotypically committed to the erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid lineages, including functional BFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-MIX progenitors. Chemotaxis of CD34+ cells in response to SDF-1 is increased by IL-3 in vitro and is lower in CD34+ progenitors from peripheral blood than in CD34+ progenitors from bone marrow, suggesting that an altered response to SDF-1 may be associated with CD34 progenitor mobilization.
Genomic Estimates of Aneuploid Content in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Improved Classification
Authors: Bo Li, Yasin Senbabaoglu, Weiping Peng, Min-Lee Yang, Jishu Xu, Jun Z. Li
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Accurate classification of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is crucial for understanding its biologic diversity and informing diagnosis and treatment. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project identified four GBM classes using gene expression data and separately identified three classes using methylation data. We sought to integrate multiple data types in GBM classification, understand biologic features of the newly defined subtypes, and reconcile with prior studies.We used allele-specific copy number data to estimate the aneuploid content of each tumor and incorporated this measure of intratumor heterogeneity in class discovery. We estimated the potential cell of origin of individual subtypes and the euploid and aneuploid fractions using reference datasets of known neuronal cell types.There exists an unexpected correlation between aneuploid content and the observed among-tumor diversity of expression patterns. Joint use of DNA and mRNA data in ab initio class discovery revealed a distinct group that resembles the Proneural subtype described in a separate study and the glioma-CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP+) class based on methylation data. Three additional subtypes, Classical, Proliferative, and Mesenchymal, were also identified and revised the assignment for many samples. The revision showed stronger differences in patient outcome and clearer cell type-specific signatures. Mesenchymal GBMs had higher euploid content, potentially contributed by microglia/macrophage infiltration.We clarified the confusion about the "Proneural" subtype that was defined differently in different prior studies. The ability to infer within-tumor heterogeneity improved class discovery, leading to new subtypes that are closer to the fundamental biology of GBM.
Spontaneously breathing patients get tension pneumothoraces
Authors: Simon Leigh-Smith, Tim Harris, Derek J Roberts
Journal: Thorax (2012)

The recently published correspondence by Simpson is welcomed in so far as it correctly highlights some issues concerning tension pneumothorax.1 We agree that there are large differences in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated patients presenting with a tension pneumothorax. It is also well established that hypoxaemia is …
Hyperosmolarity-induced increases in airway responsiveness and late asthmatic responses
Authors: S Bussieres, H Turcotte, LP Boulet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

Airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was assessed before and after bronchial challenge with ultrasonically nebulized hyperosmolar saline (UNHS), and these changes were correlated with the development of late asthmatic responses (LAR). Sixteen subjects with mild to moderate asthma had two consecutive methacholine challenges before and one after a cumulative-dose challenge with UNHS. Twelve of these subjects also had a single-dose hyperosmolar challenge to document the occurrence of LAR and determine if UNHS had a significant cumulative-dose effect. If a LAR was observed, a control day without challenge completed the study. Responsiveness to methacholine was similar on the 2 baseline methacholine challenges with a provocative concentration producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20) (mean +/- SEM) of 1.11 +/- 0.94 and 1.16 +/- 0.94 mg.ml.1 (r: 0.98). However, it was significantly increased after the inhalation of UNHS with a PC20 (mean +/- SEM) of 0.57 +/- 1.00 mg.ml.1 (p less than 0.001). Two subjects developed a late fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 19 and 46% after hyperosmolar challenge. In this last subject, the LAR, not reproduced on the control day, was associated with a marked post-UNHS change in PC20, going from a baseline of 4.4 to 0.7 mg.ml.1 after UNHS. The % fall in FEV1 following the dose-response hyperosmolar challenge and the single-dose hyperosmolar challenge were not different, with mean values +/- SEM of 34.9 +/- 2.2 and 35.8 +/- 4.1, respectively, (p greater than 0.5). In conclusion, airway responsiveness to methacholine may increase following hyperosmolar saline inhalation, often unrelated to LAR.