tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myths of first cause and asymmetries in human evolution
Authors: Marian Annett
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The causes of asymmetries for handedness and cerebral speech are of scientific interest, but is it sensible to try to determine which of these came first? I argue that (1) first causes belong to mythology, not science; (2) much of the cited evidence is weak; and (3) the treatment of individual differences is inadequate in comparison with the right shift theory.
Prognostic significance of CD20 expression in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sima Jeha, Frederick Behm, Deqing Pei, John T. Sandlund, Raul C. Ribeiro, Bassem I. Razzouk, Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Nobuko Hijiya, Scott C. Howard, Cheng Cheng, Ching-Hon Pui
Journal: Blood (2006)
Inflammation Modifies the Effects of a Reduced-Fat Low-Cholesterol Diet on Lipids
Authors: Thomas P. Erlinger, Edgar R. Miller, Jeanne Charleston, Lawrence J. Appel
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Inflammatory mediators regulate key aspects of lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that inflammation could diminish the cholesterol-lowering effect of a reduced-fat/low-cholesterol diet. Methods and Results— After a 2-week run-in period on a control diet (37% total fat, 16% saturated fat), 100 participants were randomized to the control or DASH diet (27% total fat, 6% saturated fat) for 12 weeks. Median C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline was 2.37 mg/L (interquartile range, 1.20, 3.79). The DASH diet, net of control, had no effect on CRP. Overall, there were significant net reductions in total (−0.34 mmol/L), LDL (−0.29 mmol/L), and HDL (−0.12 mmol/L) cholesterol from the DASH diet (each, P &lt;0.001) and little change in triglycerides (+0.05 mmol/L, P =0.21). Baseline CRP was strongly associated with lipid responsiveness to the DASH diet. Total and LDL cholesterol were reduced to a greater degree in those with a “low” (below median) compared with a “high” (above median) baseline CRP (total, −9.8% versus −3%; P for interaction=0.006; LDL cholesterol, −11.8% versus −3%; P for interaction=0.009). Reductions in HDL cholesterol (−8.8%) were similar in persons with low versus high CRP. Triglycerides were increased in those with a high CRP but not in those with a low CRP (19.8% versus +0%; P for interaction=0.019). Conclusions— In this study, the presence of increased CRP was associated with less total and LDL cholesterol reduction and a greater increase in triglycerides from a reduced-fat/low-cholesterol diet. These findings document an additional mechanism by which inflammation might increase cardiovascular disease risk.
Regression of the lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Authors: S. JABLONSKA, S. OBALEK, G. ORTH, M. HAFTEK, MJARZABEK CHORZELSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Regression of the lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis Get access S. JABLONSKA, S. JABLONSKA Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland Dr S. Jablonska, Department of Dermatology, Koszykowa 82 A, 02–008 Warszawa, Poland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. OBALEK, S. OBALEK Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. ORTH, G. ORTH Unité de Papillomavirus, Department de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. HAFTEK, M. HAFTEK Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MJARZABEK CHORZELSKA MJARZABEK CHORZELSKA Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 1, 1 July 1982, Pages 109–116, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00298.x Published: 01 July 1982 Article history Accepted: 14 October 1981 Published: 01 July 1982
Monoclonal antibody to the murine type 3 complement receptor inhibits adhesion of myelomonocytic cells in vitro and inflammatory cell recruitment in vivo.
Authors: H Rosen, S Gordon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Macrophage interactions with extracellular matrix and other cells are important in phagocytosis, inflammation, and immunity. To learn more about the surface molecules involved in adhesion we compared the binding of murine macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with artificial substrate in vitro. A distinctive type of adhesion of thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TPM) to bacteriologic plastic (BP) was defined, which was pronase-sensitive, Mg2+-dependent, and required cytoskeletal stabilization. A rat mAb designated 5C6 was isolated because it inhibited TPM attachment to BP, as well as mediating detachment of TPM adherent to that substratum. In addition, it inhibited the attachment of PMN to tissue culture plastic. This antiadhesive property of 5C6 mAb required intact IgG; the F(ab')2 fragment was partially effective and Fab was ineffective. 5C6 recognized the type 3 complement receptor, inhibiting rosetting of EAC3bi to TPM and immunoprecipitating a heterodimer of 160 and 95 kD that comigrated with the M1/70 immunoprecipitate. 5C6 recognized a pronase-stable epitope distinct from that of M1/70. Other mAbs, including M1/70 (CR3) and 2.4G2 (FcR), failed to have any antiadhesive effect in vitro. The inhibitory activity of 5C6 in short-term adhesion assays correlated with its inhibition of recruitment of myelomonocytic cells to a thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate in vivo, after intravenous injection of mAb. 5C6 IgG inhibited recruitment of myelomonocytic cells by 84 +/- 3% at 1 d compared with saline-injected controls. The F(ab')2 fragment and a class-matched control IgG had little effect. Recruitment of TPM at 4 d was also efficiently inhibited by 5C6 IgG. 5C6 IgG was not cytotoxic, had no effect on marrow egress, did not cause increased phagocytic clearance of circulating neutrophils, and had no adverse effect on chemotaxis in vitro. We show that CR3 alone of the LFA-family is necessary for the recruitment of myelomonocytic cells to inflammatory stimuli such as thioglycollate broth. This strategy may be of general use in isolating reagents that inhibit the adhesive function of CR3 and provides a novel approach to antiinflammatory therapy.
Acute lung injury prediction score: derivation and validation in a population-based sample
Authors: C. Trillo-Alvarez, R. Cartin-Ceba, D.J. Kor, M. Kojicic, R. Kashyap, S. Thakur, L. Thakur, V. Herasevich, M. Malinchoc, O. Gajic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Early recognition of patients at high risk of acute lung injury (ALI) is critical for successful enrollment of patients in prevention strategies for this devastating syndrome. We aimed to develop and prospectively validate an ALI prediction score in a population-based sample of patients at risk. In a retrospective derivation cohort, predisposing conditions for ALI were identified at the time of hospital admission. The score was calculated based on the results of logistic regression analysis. Prospective validation was performed in an independent cohort of patients at risk identified at the time of hospital admission. In a derivation cohort of 409 patients with ALI risk factors, the lung injury prediction score discriminated patients who developed ALI from those who did not with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI 0.80-0.89; Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.60). The performance was similar in a prospective validation cohort of 463 patients at risk of ALI (AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.77-0.91; Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.88). ALI prediction scores identify patients at high risk for ALI before intensive care unit admission. If externally validated, this model will serve to define the population of patients at high risk for ALI in whom future mechanistic studies and ALI prevention trials will be conducted.
NEUTRALIZATION OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS BY NASAL WASHINGS
Authors: Harold L. Amoss, Edward Taylor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. The results of 56 experiments have shown that washings of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosas possess definite power to inactivate or neutralize the active virus of poliomyelitis. 2. This power is not absolutely fixed, but is subject to fluctuation in a given person. Apparently inflammatory conditions of the upper air passages tend to remove or diminish the power of neutralization. But irregularities have been noted, even in the absence of these conditions. 3. Too few tests have been made thus far to ascertain whether adults and children differ with respect to the existence of this neutralizing property in the nasal secretions. While the inactivating property was absent from the secretions of one child during the first days of poliomyelitis, it was present in another to whom immune serum was administered, and in still another on the 15th day of illness when convalescence was established. 4. The neutralizing substance is water-soluble and appears not to be inorganic; it appears to be more or less thermolabile, and its action does not depend upon the presence of mucin as such. 5. It is suggested that the production of healthy carriers through contamination with the virus of poliomyelitis may be determined by the presence or absence of this inactivating or neutralizing property in the secretions. Whether this effect operates to prevent actual invasion of the virus and production of infection can only be conjected. Probably accessory and not the essential element on which defense against infection rests. It is more probable that other factors exist which help to determine the issue of the delicate adjustment between contamination and infection.
The role of corticosteroids in the regulation of vascular tone
Authors: M Ullian
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Time for primary review 31 days. 

Disease states resulting from excesses of circulating (adreno)corticosteroids include primary hyperaldosteronism, renal artery stenosis, ACTH-secreting tumors, and administration of glucocorticoids for treatment of other diseases. Hypertension is commonly associated with these diseases. Although renal sodium retention and intravascular volume overload contribute to the attendant hypertension, especially early in the course of the disease, a non-renal mechanism (increase in peripheral vascular resistance) is involved in the development and maintenance of hypertension. The concept of non-renal actions of corticosteroids in the development of hypertension stems from a seminal report in which Langford and Snavely [1]demonstrated that deoxycorticosterone acetate raised blood pressure in dogs and rats devoid of renal mass. In addition, corticosteroids in lesser amounts are essential for the maintenance of peripheral vascular resistance in healthy persons. This review details the proposed mechanisms by which corticosteroids maintain and, in excess, enhance vascular tone.

If corticosteroids indeed regulate vascular tone, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the vasoactive element of the vasculature, should contain specific receptor molecules for corticosteroids. Classically, corticosteroid receptors are considered to be members of the steroid receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors [2]. Radioligand binding studies have defined two distinct cytosolic corticosteroid receptors. Type I (mineralocorticoid) receptors bind with greatest affinity to aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone or corticosterone and with less affinity to the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. In contrast, type II (glucocorticoid) receptors bind with greatest affinity to dexamethasone and with less affinity to aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone or corticosterone. There is significant base sequence homology between these receptors. Corticosteroid receptors possess highly conserved regions that are necessary for ligand binding, receptor dimerization, nuclear translocation, DNA binding and transactivation (recruiting accessory proteins so that transcription will initiate). The genes for the rat [3, 4]and human [5, 6]mineralocorticoid receptor and the human [7]glucocorticoid receptor … 

* Tel.: +843-792-4122; fax: +843-792-8399; e-mail: ullianme@musc.edu
Abdominal symptoms during physical exercise and the role of gastrointestinal ischaemia: a study in 12 symptomatic athletes
Authors: Rinze WF ter Steege, Robert H Geelkerken, Ad B Huisman, Jeroen J Kolkman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms during exercise may be caused by GI ischaemia. The authors report their experience with the diagnostic protocol and management of athletes with symptomatic exercise-induced GI ischaemia. The value of prolonged exercise tonometry in the diagnostic protocol of these patients was evaluated.Patients referred for GI symptoms during physical exercise underwent a standardised diagnostic protocol, including prolonged exercise tonometry. Indicators of GI ischaemia, as measured by tonometry, were related to the presence of symptoms during the exercise test (S+ and S- tests) and exercise intensity.12 athletes were specifically referred for GI symptoms during exercise (five males and seven females; median age 29 years (range 15-46 years)). Type of sport was cycling, long-distance running and triathlon. Median duration of symptoms was 32 months (range 7-240 months). Splanchnic artery stenosis was found in one athlete. GI ischaemia was found in six athletes during submaximal exercise. All athletes had gastric and jejunal ischaemia during maximum intensity exercise. No significant difference was found in gastric and jejunal Pco(2) or gradients between S+ and S- tests during any phase of the exercise protocol. In S+ tests, but not in S- tests, a significant correlation between lactate and gastric gradient was found. In S+ tests, the regression coefficients of gradients were higher than those in S- tests. Treatment advice aimed at limiting GI ischaemia were successful in reducing complaints in the majority of the athletes.GI ischaemia was present in all athletes during maximum intensity exercise and in 50% during submaximal exercise. Athletes with GI symptoms had higher gastric gradients per mmol/l increase in lactate, suggesting an increased susceptibility for the development of ischaemia during exercise. Treatment advice aimed at limiting GI ischaemia helped the majority of the referred athletes to reduce their complaints. Our results suggest an important role for GI ischaemia in the pathophysiology of their complaints.
T Cells with Chimeric Antigen Receptors Have Potent Antitumor Effects and Can Establish Memory in Patients with Advanced Leukemia
Authors: Michael Kalos, Bruce L. Levine, David L. Porter, Sharyn Katz, Stephan A. Grupp, Adam Bagg, Carl H. June
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

Adoptively transferred gene-modified T cells expand in vivo, eliminate leukemic cells, and form functional memory cells in patients.
Incidence and nature of the most common rugby injuries sustained in Argentina (1991–1997)
Authors: E Bottini, E J T Poggi, F Luzuriaga, F P Secin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

To study the incidence of the most commonly sustained injuries in Argentine rugby and analyse them according to type, position and age of the players, and phase and time of play.A prospective registry of injuries was constructed in different provincial unions of Argentina. Data were collected during a whole weekend each year from 1991 to 1997. Chi2 with Yates correction test, contingency tables, odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated (Epi Info Version 6.04a).A total of 924 injuries were registered in 1296 rugby games, involving 38 933 players. The mean (SD) incidence per weekend was 2.4 (0.2)% (95% CI 2.22 to 2.53), and the number of injuries per season was 24,188. Overall, senior players suffered more injuries than those in younger divisions (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.34 to 1.76; p<0.0001). The most common type of injury was pulled muscles of the lower limbs (11.7%, p<0.0001). Overall, the knee was the most susceptible to injury (14.1%, p<0.0001). Senior players suffered more pulled muscles of the lower limbs (OR = 2.99; 95% CI 2.01 to 4.46; p<0.0001), ankle ligament distension (OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.12 to 2.53; p = 0.01), knee trauma (OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.68; p = 0.02), bleeding wounds on the face (OR = 3.86; 95% CI 2.24 to 6.70; p<0.0001), and knee ligament distension (OR = 2.14; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.96; p = 0.01). Younger players had a greater risk of suffering muscular or ligament injuries of the cervical column (OR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.05 to 10.08; p = 0.04). The forwards had a higher risk of injury (OR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.61; p<0.0001). The most commonly injured player was the flanker (15.5%, p<0.01), and the most common mechanism was in open play (33%). More injuries were sustained in the second half (OR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34; p = 0.01).Injuries are the cause of significant morbidity among rugby players in Argentina. A more thorough investigation and a greater understanding of the mechanisms are crucial in order to update the rugby laws and reduce this high injury incidence.
Early clinical response to treatment predicts 5-year outcome in RA patients: follow-up results from the CAMERA study
Authors: M F Bakker, J W G Jacobs, P M J Welsing, S A Vreugdenhil, C van Booma-Frankfort, S P Linn-Rasker, E Ton, F P J G Lafeber, J W J Bijlsma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Objective To investigate the long-term effects of the tight control (TC) and conventional (CT) methotrexate-based strategies of the Computer Assisted Management in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis trial in early rheumatoid arthritis and evaluate the predictive value of an early response to treatment. Methods Clinical and radiographic 5-year outcome was compared between initial strategies. Patients were classified according to the EULAR response criteria. The prognostic value of early response to treatment in addition to established predictors was analysed by multiple linear regression analyses. Results 5 years of data were available for 205 of 299 patients, with no indication for selective drop-out. At 5 years there was no longer any significant difference for clinical and radiographic outcomes between treatment strategies applied during the first 2 years. Good-responders had a mean disease activity score of 2.39 (1.2) and median yearly radiographic progression rate of 0.6 (0.0 to 2.2) at 5 years; significantly lower (both p&lt;0.02) when compared to moderate- and non-responders. Multiple regression analysis showed that early response to treatment is an independent predictor of 5-year outcome, irrespective of treatment strategy. Conclusions The difference in disease activity between treatment strategies disappeared over the years. Good-response to treatment independently predicts significantly better 5-year clinical and radiographic outcome. The TC principle probably should be continued in the long-term.
Mutated <i>BCR-ABL</i> Generates Immunogenic T-cell Epitopes in CML Patients
Authors: Ann Cai, Derin B. Keskin, David S. DeLuca, Anselmo Alonso, Wandi Zhang, Guang Lan Zhang, Naa Norkor Hammond, Valentina Nardi, Richard M. Stone, Donna Neuberg, John Sidney, Vladimir Brusic, Catherine J. Wu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Characterization of an approach to identify leukemia neoantigens arising in the context of drug resistance.We assessed whether leukemia neoantigens could be generated from drug-resistant mutations in BCR-ABL after imatinib relapse in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).We computationally predicted that approximately 70 peptides derived from 26 BCR-ABL mutations would bind eight common alleles of MHC class I (IC(50) < 1,000 nmol/L). Seven of nine imatinib-resistant CML patients were predicted to generate at least 1 peptide that binds autologous HLA alleles. We predicted and confirmed that an E255K mutation-derived peptide would bind HLA-A3 with high affinity (IC(50) = 28 nmol/L), and showed that this peptide is endogenously processed and presented. Polyfunctional E255K-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in two imatinib-resistant HLA-A3+ CML patients concurrent with an effective anti-CML response to further therapy.Our in vitro studies support the hypothesis that leukemia-driven genetic alterations are targeted by the immune system in association with a clinical response, and suggest the possibility of immunizing relapsed patients with CML against newly acquired tumor neoantigens.
Use of the Albumin/Creatinine Ratio to Detect Microalbuminuria
Authors: Holly J. Mattix, Chi-yuan Hsu, Shimon Shaykevich, Gary Curhan
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. The recommended albumin (μg)/creatinine (mg) ratio (ACR) (30 μg/mg) to detect microalbuminuria does not account for sex or racial differences in creatinine excretion. In a nationally representative sample of subjects, the distribution of urine albumin and creatinine concentrations was examined by using one ACR value (≥30 μg/mg) and sex-specific cutpoints (≥17 μg/mg in men and ≥25 μg/mg in women) measured in spot urine specimens. Mean urine albumin concentrations were not significantly different between men and women, but urine creatinine concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.0001). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, urine creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) and Mexican Americans, whereas urine albumin concentrations were significantly higher in NHB (P < 0.0001) but not Mexican Americans. When a single ACR is used, the prevalence of microalbuminuria was significantly lower among the men compared with women (6.0 versus 9.2%; P < 0.0001) and among non-Hispanic whites compared with NHB (7.2 versus 10.2%; P < 0.0001). No significant difference in the prevalence of microalbuminuria between men and women was noted when sex-specific ACR cutpoints were used. In the multivariate adjusted model, female sex (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 2.05) and NHB race/ethnicity (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.61) were independently associated with microalbuminuria when a single ACR threshold was used. When a sex-specific ACR was used, NHB race/ethnicity remained significantly associated with microalbuminuria but sex did not. The use of one ACR value to define microalbuminuria may underestimate microalbuminuria in subjects with higher muscle mass (men) and possibly members of certain racial/ethnic groups.
What to Do About Late Incomplete Stent Apposition?
Authors: Gary S. Mintz
Journal: Circulation (2007)

A cute and subacute stent thromboses have existed since the first stent implantation procedures.Initially recognized as a complication of brachytherapy, late stent thrombosis has become a public health issue only during the current era of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation, as evidenced by the March 8, 2007, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, which includes 5 articles, 2 perspectives, and 1 editorial discussing late DES complications.