tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Yorkers are given details on doctors' volume of work
Authors: J. Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Under the headline “More is better,” New York's Center for Medical Consumers posted information on its website (http://www.medicalconsumers.org/) about 44 procedures, mostly surgical: how many each doctor performed, how many were done at each hospital, and which doctors and centres did more than 30 procedures during 2001.

The report covers hundreds of thousands of cases and was based on data from New York state's Department of Health, which requires reporting of certain procedures done in hospitals.

New York state has about 19 million residents and about 260 acute care hospitals. As a result of lawsuits by newspapers, for …
Phase II, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Neoadjuvant Celecoxib in Men With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Drug-Specific Biomarkers
Authors: Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Elisabeth I. Heath, Janet R. Walczak, William G. Nelson, Helen Fedor, Angelo M. De Marzo, Marianna L. Zahurak, Steven Piantadosi, Andrew J. Dannenberg, Robin T. Gurganus, Sharyn D. Baker, Howard L. Parnes, Theodore L. DeWeese, Alan W. Partin, Michael A. Carducci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a potential pharmacologic target for the prevention of various malignancies, including prostate cancer. We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial to examine the effect of celecoxib on drug-specific biomarkers from prostate tissue obtained at prostatectomy.Patients with localized prostate cancer and Gleason sum > or = 7, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > or = 15 ng/mL, clinical stage T2b or greater, or any combination with greater than 45% risk of capsular penetration were randomly assigned to celecoxib 400 mg by mouth twice daily or placebo for 4 to 6 weeks before prostatectomy. The primary end point was the difference in prostatic prostaglandin levels between the two groups. Secondary end points were differences in COX-1 and -2 expressions; oxidized DNA bases; and markers of proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Tissue celecoxib concentrations also were measured. Tertiary end points were drug safety and compliance.Seventy-three patients consented, and 64 were randomly assigned and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There were no treatment differences in any of the primary or secondary outcomes. Multivariable regression revealed that tumor tissue had significantly lower COX-2 expression than benign prostatic tissue (P = .01) and significantly higher levels of the proliferation marker Ki-67 (P < .0001). Celecoxib was measurable in prostate tissue of patients on treatment, demonstrating that celecoxib reached its target. Celecoxib was safe and resulted in only grade 1 toxicities.Treatment with 4 to 6 weeks of celecoxib had no effect on intermediate biomarkers of prostate carcinogenesis, despite the achievement of measurable tissue levels. We caution against using celecoxib 400 mg twice daily as a preventive agent for prostate cancer in additional studies.
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the province of Siena
Authors: Simonetta Gianni, Paolo Michele Olia
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The AA. studied the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) from 2003 to 2008 in the Province of Siena. The population increased from 265.907 residents in 2003, to 288.378 in 2008. Its% distribution in the districts was at 2008: Val d9Elsa (24%), Siena downtown (23%), Val di Chiana (23%), Val d9 Orcia-Amiata (9%), Crete-Val d9 Arbia (9%), Chianti (6%), Val di Merse (6%). The% of immigrants at 2008 in the districts was: Chianti 10.9%, Val di Merse 10.5%, Crete-Val d9 Arbia 8.4%, Val d9 Elsa 7.9%, Val di Chiana 7.9%, Val d9 Orcia-Amiata 6.2%, Siena downtown 5.7%. In the period considered, TB constantly increased, and the% of 10 cases/100000 inhabitants of the countries with low incidence of TB, was exceeded in 2007 with 12 cases/100000 inhabitants, 10 cases/100000 in 2008. The incidence between the immigrants exceeded 7 times that between the Italians, from 30/100000 to 65/100000 residents for immigrants, from 4.2/100000 to 9/100000 residents for Italians; probably the incidence in immigrants was underestimated as the study considered only the notified cases and the regular immigrants. The greatest incidence of TB was in the districts of Val d9Elsa and Siena downtown.  The immigrant TB patients were younger than italian patients (35±15 vs 56±20 years old, p  No significative differences were found concerning the incidence of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB; the 66.4% of Italians were affected by pulmonary TB, the 28.2% by extrapulmonary TB, the 5.4% by pulmonary+extrapulmonary TB; the 68.6% of immigrants were affected by pulmonary TB, the 26.8 by extrapulmonary TB, the 4.6% by pulmonary+ extrapulmonary TB).
Inflammatory Cytokines as Risk Factors for a First Venous Thrombosis: A Prospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Sverre C Christiansen, Inger Anne Næss, Suzanne C Cannegieter, Jens Hammerstrøm, Frits R Rosendaal, Pieter H Reitsma
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background In case-control studies, elevated levels of interleukins 6 and 8 have been found to be associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis (VT). Because of the design of these studies, it remained uncertain whether these alterations were a cause or a result of the VT. In order to distinguish between the two, we set out to measure the levels of six inflammatory markers prior to thrombosis in a population-based cohort using a nested case-cohort design. Methods and Findings Between August 1995 and June 1997, blood was collected from 66,140 people in the second Norwegian Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT2). We identified venous thrombotic events occurring between entry and 1 January 2002. By this date we had registered 506 cases with a first VT; an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 1,464 controls without previous VT was drawn from the original cohort. Levels of interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10, 12p70, and tumour necrosis factor-α were measured in the baseline sample that was taken 2 d to 75 mo before the event (median 33 mo). Cut-off points for levels were the 80th, 90th, and 95th percentile in the control group. With odds ratios ranging from 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6–1.5) to 1.1 (95% CI: 0.7–1.8), we did not find evidence for a relationship between VT and an altered inflammatory profile. Conclusions The results from this population sample show that an altered inflammatory profile is more likely to be a result rather than a cause of VT, although short-term effects of transiently elevated levels cannot be ruled out.
Strategies for subtypes—dealing with the diversity of breast cancer: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2011
Authors: A. Goldhirsch, W.C. Wood, A.S. Coates, R.D. Gelber, B. Thürlimann, H.-J. Senn
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)

The 12th St Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference (2011) Expert Panel adopted a new approach to the classification of patients for therapeutic purposes based on the recognition of intrinsic biological subtypes within the breast cancer spectrum. For practical purposes, these subtypes may be approximated using clinicopathological rather than gene expression array criteria. In general, systemic therapy recommendations follow the subtype classification. Thus, 'Luminal A' disease generally requires only endocrine therapy, which also forms part of the treatment of the 'Luminal B' subtype. Chemotherapy is considered indicated for most patients with 'Luminal B', 'Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) positive', and 'Triple negative (ductal)' disease, with the addition of trastuzumab in 'HER2 positive' disease. Progress was also noted in defining better tolerated local therapies in selected cases without loss of efficacy, such as accelerated radiation therapy and the omission of axillary dissection under defined circumstances. Broad treatment recommendations are presented, recognizing that detailed treatment decisions need to consider disease extent, host factors, patient preferences, and social and economic constraints.
Neuroscience in Psychiatry Training: How Much Do Residents Need To Know?
Authors: Joshua L. Roffman, Asher B. Simon, Konasale M. Prasad, Christine J. Truman, Jason Morrison, Carrie L. Ernst
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: With the explosion of research in psychiatric neuroscience, the extent and means by which neuroscientific progress will translate into clinical care remains largely uncertain. The authors sought to determine how this dilemma is currently being played out in residency training programs, in which training directors must decide how best to integrate neuroscience teaching in a rapidly changing clinical landscape. Method: The authors surveyed U.S. and Canadian psychiatry residency training directors to characterize current and future trends in neuroscience education and to examine training directors' views on the relevance of neuroscience to clinical practice. Results: The amount of neuroscience in residency curricula has increased significantly over the past 5 years, and further increases are expected in each specific neuroscience content area examined. While most training directors agreed that training in neuroscience was important for all residents, even those becoming primarily psychotherapists, relevance to future (but not current) practice was consistently cited as a motivating factor. Conclusions: While psychiatric residency programs continue to increase the neuroscience content of their curricula, it remains unclear how this added training will influence clinical work. Reframing current practices, including psychotherapy, into a neuroscientific context may ultimately prove more useful to trainees.
Fish and polyunsaturated fat intake and development of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis
Authors: Jessica Magnusson, Inger Kull, Marit Westman, Niclas Håkansson, Alicja Wolk, Erik Melén, Magnus Wickman, Anna Bergström
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)

Rhinitis is one of the most common diseases in childhood. Fish, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and vitamin D intakes have been hypothesized to affect the risk of allergic disease; however, it is unclear whether these are linked to the development of rhinitis.We sought to assess potential associations between consumption of fish, dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, and vitamin D at age 8 years and development of allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) between the ages of 8 and 16 years.We included 1970 participants from a birth cohort. Data on dietary intake was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire at age 8 years. The rhinitis definition was based on questionnaires and IgE measures.The prevalence of rhinitis symptoms at age 8 years was 19% (n = 380). Among the 1590 children without rhinitis symptoms at age 8 years, 21% (n = 337) had AR between ages 8 and 16 years, and 15% (n = 236) had NAR. Regular intake of oily fish and higher long-chain n-3 PUFA intake were associated with a reduced risk of cumulative incidence of NAR (adjusted odds ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.32-0.87] for oily fish; odds ratio, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.30-0.67] for highest vs lowest tertile of long-chain n-3 PUFAs; P trend < .001). The results for rhinitis, irrespective of AR and NAR, were in line with the findings for NAR.Regular consumption of oily fish and dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs in childhood might decrease the risk of rhinitis, especially NAR, between the ages of 8 and 16 years.
High concordance of protein (by IHC), gene (by FISH; HER2 only), and microarray readout (by TargetPrint) of ER, PgR, and HER2: results from the EORTC 10041/BIG 03-04 MINDACT trial
Authors: G. Viale, L. Slaets, J. Bogaerts, E. Rutgers, L. van't Veer, M.J. Piccart-Gebhart, F.A. de Snoo, L. Stork-Sloots, L. Russo, P. Dell'Orto, J. van den Akker, A. Glas, F. Cardoso
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
A CASE OF TRICHOPHYTIC GRANULOMATA
Authors: J. H. SEQUEIRA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1912)

Journal Article A CASE OF TRICHOPHYTIC GRANULOMATA Get access J. H. SEQUEIRA, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.S. J. H. SEQUEIRA, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 24, Issue 6, 1 June 1912, Pages 207–215, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1912.tb16729.x Published: 01 June 1912
Trabeculectomy function after cataract extraction
Authors: Philip P Chen, Yaffa K Weaver, Donald L Budenz, William J Feuer, Richard K Parrish
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

To examine the effect of cataract extraction (CE) after trabeculectomy on intraocular pressure (IOP) control.Retrospective noncomparative case series.A total of 115 consecutive patients who underwent extracapsular CE (N = 58) or phacoemulsification (N = 57) with intraocular lens (IOL) placement after trabeculectomy were studied.Cataract extraction with IOL after trabeculectomy was performed.Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were evaluated for association with loss of IOP control requiring additional medications, bleb needling, or further glaucoma surgery, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate proportional hazards survival regression.After mean postoperative follow-up of 21.1 +/- 14.3 months, additional glaucoma medication or needling of the filtering bleb to maintain IOP control was required in 35 eyes (30.4%) and was significantly associated with intraoperative iris manipulation and early postoperative peak IOP greater than 25 mmHg. Additional glaucoma surgery was eventually required in 11 eyes (9.6%) and was significantly associated with age of 50 years or younger, preoperative IOP greater than 10 mmHg, and early postoperative peak IOP greater than 25 mmHg. The cumulative proportion of patients who did not require reoperation for glaucoma was 93% and 90% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. The mean IOP at last visit had increased 1.6 mmHg above the pre-CE level and did not vary significantly after the first postoperative month. The median interval from CE to the addition of glaucoma medication or bleb needling was 1.6 months (within 3 months in 20 of 33 eyes) and that from nonsurgical intervention to further glaucoma surgery was 3.6 months (before the 7th postoperative month in 6 of 11 eyes). Of 19 eyes with hypotony (IOP < or = 6 mmHg) before CE, 11 eyes remained hypotonous after CE despite an increase in the mean IOP from 4.6 to 7.5 mmHg.When CE is performed after trabeculectomy, age of 50 years or younger, preoperative IOP greater than 10 mmHg, intraoperative iris manipulation, and early postoperative IOP greater than 25 mmHg are associated with worsened postoperative IOP control. Most bleb failures occur soon after CE. Resolution of pre-existing hypotony after CE is unpredictable.
Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) and Asthma Control After Long-term Treatment With Budesonide and Formoterol Administered via One Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler (pMDI) Compared With Budesonide Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) Alone in Children With Asthma
Authors: L ODOWD, W BERGER, J LEFLEIN, T URYNIAK, B PARASURAMAN, C OBRIEN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Fecal excretion of bile acids: a new technique for studying bile acid kinetics in patients with ileal resection
Authors: James F. Woodbury, Fred Kern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The fecal elimination and enterohepatic circulation of bile acid was studied in 11 patients. 10 patients with varying degrees of ileal disease or resection and 1 patient with pancreatic insufficiency and no ileal disease. A new technique was employed which involved the nearly simultaneous administration of cholic acid-14C and a nonabsorbable marker. 51CrCl3. Each individual stool specimen was collected for 36-96 hr and analyzed separately. Assay of the radioactivity of each isotope allowed the accurate determination of an excretion rate for both cholic acid and 51Cr. The difference between these rates was used to calculate an absorption coefficient for cholic acid. In addition, bile acid concentration measured by the steroid dehydrogenase technique, and the water content of each stool was determined.
Educational Attainment Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Great Britain: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: E. R. Lancashire, C. Frobisher, R. C. Reulen, D. L. Winter, A. Glaser, M. M. Hawkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

Previous studies of educational attainment among childhood cancer survivors were small, had contradictory findings, and were not population based. This study investigated educational attainment in a large population-based cohort of survivors of all types of childhood cancer in Great Britain. Four levels of educational attainment among 10 183 cancer survivors—degree, teaching qualification, advanced (A') levels, and ordinary (O') levels—were compared with expected levels in the general population. A questionnaire was used to obtain educational attainment data for survivors, and comparable information for the general population was available from the General Household Survey. Factors associated with level of educational attainment achieved by cancer survivors were identified using multivariable logistic regression together with likelihood ratio tests. Logistic regression adjusting for age and sex was used for comparisons with the general population. All statistical tests were two-sided. Childhood cancer survivors had lower educational attainment than the general population (degree: odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 99% confidence interval [CI] = 0.68 to 0.87; teaching qualification: OR = 0.85, 99% CI = 0.77 to 0.94; A'level: OR = 0.85, 99% CI = 0.78 to 0.93; O'level: OR = 0.81, 99% CI = 0.74 to 0.90; P < .001, all levels). Statistically significant deficits were restricted to central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm and leukemia survivors. For leukemia, only those treated with radiotherapy were considered. Odds ratios for achievement by irradiated CNS tumor survivors were 50%–74% of those for cranially irradiated leukemia or nonirradiated CNS tumor survivors. Survivors at greater risk of poorer educational outcomes included those treated with cranial irradiation, diagnosed with a CNS tumor, older at questionnaire completion, younger at diagnosis, diagnosed with epilepsy, and who were female. Specific groups of childhood cancer survivors achieve lower-than-expected educational attainment. Detailed educational support and implementation of regular cognitive assessment may be indicated for some groups to maximize long-term function.
Intermittent Inhaled Corticosteroids in Infants with Episodic Wheezing
Authors: Hans Bisgaard, Mette Northman Hermansen, Lotte Loland, Liselotte Brydensholt Halkjaer, Frederik Buchvald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

We hypothesized that asthma is preceded by a stage of recurrent episodes of wheezing during the first years of life and that inhaled corticosteroid therapy during symptomatic episodes in this early phase may delay progression to persistent wheezing.We assigned one-month-old infants to treatment with two-week courses of inhaled budesonide (400 mug per day) or placebo, initiated after a three-day episode of wheezing, in this single-center, randomized, double-blind, prospective study of three years' duration. The primary outcome was the number of symptom-free days; key secondary outcomes were the time to discontinuation due to persistent wheezing and safety, as evaluated by height and bone mineral density at the end of the study.We enrolled 411 infants and randomly assigned 294 to receive budesonide at a first episode of wheezing. The proportion of symptom-free days was 83 percent in the budesonide group and 82 percent in the placebo group (absolute difference, 1 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -4.8 to 6.9 percent). Twenty-four percent of children in the budesonide group had persistent wheezing, as compared with 21 percent in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.71 to 2.13)--a finding that was unaffected by the presence or absence of atopic dermatitis. The mean duration of the acute episodes was 10 days in both groups and was independent of respiratory viral status. Height and bone mineral density were not affected by treatment.Intermittent inhaled corticosteroid therapy had no effect on the progression from episodic to persistent wheezing and no short-term benefit during episodes of wheezing in the first three years of life. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00234390.).
Gene Expression Profiles Predict Survival and Progression of Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Harvey I. Pass, Zhandong Liu, Anil Wali, Raphael Bueno, Susan Land, Daniel Lott, Fauzia Siddiq, Fulvio Lonardo, Michele Carbone, Sorin Draghici
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Clinical outcomes for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients having surgery are imprecisely predicted by histopathology and intraoperative staging. We hypothesized that gene expression profiles could predict time to progression and survival in surgically cytoreduced pleural mesothelioma of all stages. Experimental Design: Gene expression analyses from 21 MPM patients having cytoreductions and identical postoperative adjuvant therapy were performed using the U95 Affymetrix gene chip. Using both dChip and SAM, neural networks constructed a common 27 gene classifier, which was associated with either the high-risk and low-risk group of patients. Data were validated using real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The 27 gene classifier was also used for validation in a separate set of 17 MPM patients from another institution. Results: The groups predicted by the gene classifier recapitulated the actual time to progression and survival of the test set with 95.2% accuracy using 10-fold cross-validation. Clinical outcomes were independent of histology, and heterogeneity of progression and survival in early stage patients was defined by the classifier. The gene classifier had a 76% accuracy in the separate validation set of MPMs. Conclusions: These data suggest that pretherapy gene expression analysis of mesothelioma biopsies may predict which patients may benefit from a surgical approach.