tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood Psychosocial Factors and Coronary Artery Calcification in Adulthood
Authors: Markus Juonala, Laura Pulkki-Råback, Marko Elovainio, Christian Hakulinen, Costan G. Magnussen, Matthew A. Sabin, David P. Burgner, David L. Hare, Olli Hartiala, Heikki Ukkonen, Antti Saraste, Sami Kajander, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Mika Kähönen, Irina Rinta-Kiikka, Tomi Laitinen, Sakari Kainulainen, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

There is increasing evidence supporting the importance of psychosocial factors in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic disease. They have been shown to be associated with the population attributable risk for myocardial infarction.To determine if a score of favorable childhood psychosocial factors would be associated with decreased coronary artery calcification in adulthood.The analyses were performed in 2015 using data gathered in 1980 and 2008 within the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. The data source consisted of 311 individuals who had psychosocial factors measured at ages 12 years to 18 years and coronary artery calcification measured 28 years later in adulthood. The summary measure of psychosocial factors in childhood comprised measures of socioeconomic factors, emotional factors, parental health behaviors, stressful events, self-regulation of the child, and social adjustment of the child.Coronary artery calcification at ages 40 years to 46 years.Of the 311 participants, 48.2% were men. Of the participants, 55 (17.7%) had some calcium observed in their coronary arteries. A 1-SD increase in a favorable summary score of childhood psychological factors was associated with an adulthood coronary artery calcification probability of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.76-0.95) (P = .006). This inverse relationship remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and conventional childhood risk factors (0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.97; P = .02) or for age, sex, adulthood conventional cardiovascular risk factors, socioeconomic status, social support, and depressive symptoms (0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.97; P = .02).In this longitudinal study, we observed an independent association between childhood psychosocial well-being and reduced coronary artery calcification in adulthood. A positive childhood psychosocial environment may decrease cardiovascular risk in adulthood and may represent a potentially modifiable risk determinant.
Awe: A direct pathway from extravagant displays to prosociality
Authors: Anastasia Ejova
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract Whereas Norenzayan et al. describe extravagant displays as a reliable means of belief transmission, this commentary reviews three emerging hypotheses about a direct connection between the awe elicited by extravagant displays and prosocial behaviour. If some of these hypotheses are correct, extravagant displays enhanced prosociality even among nonbelievers. Methodological suggestions are made for future experimental research on the awe–prosociality pathway.
AB0615 Experience of Foot Problems in Patients with Systemic Lupus
Authors: S. Otter, S. Kumar, P. Gow, N. Dalbeth, M. Corkill, K.A. Davies, S. Panthakalam, K. Rome
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Foot complaints are common in inflammatory arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis and cause considerable disability. However, little is published about the nature and extent of foot complaints in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective is to explore clinical features and symptoms of foot involvement in people with SLE from the patients9 perspective. <h3>Methods</h3> We developed and tested a new 40-item item self-administered questionnaire, using a five-stage development process utilising patient involvement throughout to ensure face and content validity. The self-administered instrument was posted to 406 people with SLE attending adult rheumatology clinics across three health boards in Auckland, New Zealand. The questionnaire enquired about symptoms of foot pain, extra-articular features, anatomical distribution of symptoms according to validated foot-mannequins and the impact of foot symptoms on activities of daily living and well-being <h3>Results</h3> From 131 responses (32% response rate), 89% women, mean (SD) age 51 (15.1), mean (SD) disease duration 12.5 (11.1) years. 77.1% respondents experienced foot pain during the course of their lupus, 51.9% reporting pain in the last month and 45% reporting current foot pain. The mean (SD) score on a 10cm visual analogue scale for current foot pain was 4.9 (2.2). There was no association between foot pain and the following variables: age, duration of SLE, body mass index, ethnicity, work status or smoking. Females were significantly more likely to report foot pain (p=0.028) and being female was a risk factor for foot pain independent of all other demographic variables (OR 1.78 [95%CI 0.62-2.98]). All regions of the feet were affected, with the hindfoot and ankle most frequently affected during the course of the disease (32% and 30% respectively). Respondents reported foot pain prevented sleep for 36% and 33% reported pain in their feet had a negative effect on their emotions. Life in general was adversely affected by foot pain with 60% reporting limitation in foot-related activities of daily living (e.g. walking). Taken together, 70% of respondents reported foot problems that interfered with social activities and 60% reported foot complaints that interfered with their family activities <h3>Conclusions</h3> Foot symptoms in SLE are common, heterogeneous in nature and may have a negative impact on patient well-being. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We thank respondents for thier time in completing the questionnaire and our research assistants - Jemma Crawley, Hilary Otter and Heather Waddington <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Randomized Open-Label Phase II Trial of Apitolisib (GDC-0980), a Novel Inhibitor of the PI3K/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway, Versus Everolimus in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Thomas Powles, Mark R. Lackner, Stéphane Oudard, Bernard Escudier, Christy Ralph, Janet E. Brown, Robert E. Hawkins, Daniel Castellano, Brian I. Rini, Michael D. Staehler, Alain Ravaud, Wei Lin, Bridget O’Keeffe, Yulei Wang, Shan Lu, Jill M. Spoerke, Ling-Yuh Huw, Michelle Byrtek, Rui Zhu, Joseph A. Ware, Robert J. Motzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to compare dual inhibition of PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by apitolisib (GDC-0980) against single inhibition of mTORC1 by everolimus in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Patients and Methods Patients with clear-cell mRCC who progressed on or after vascular endothelial growth factor–targeted therapy were randomly assigned to apitolisib 40 mg once per day or to everolimus 10 mg once per day. End points included progression-free survival, safety, overall survival, and objective response rate. Biomarker assessments were conducted. Results Eighty-five patients were randomly assigned. After 67 events, stratified analysis revealed that median progression-free survival was significantly shorter for apitolisib than for everolimus (3.7 v 6.1 months; hazard ratio, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.23 to 3.63; P &lt; .01]); apitolisib was not favored in any stratification subgroup. Median overall survival was not significantly different but trended in favor of everolimus (16.5 v 22.8 months; hazard ratio, 1.77 [95% CI, 0.97 to 3.24; P = .06]). The objective response rate was 7.1% for apitolisib and 11.6% for everolimus. Patients administered apitolisib with a greater incidence of grade 3 to 4 adverse events were more likely to discontinue treatment (31% v 12% for everolimus). No drug-related deaths were observed. Apitolisib in comparison with everolimus was associated with substantially more high-grade hyperglycemia (40% v 9%) and rash (24% v 2%). Apitolisib pharmacokinetics suggested a relationship between exposure, and rash and hyperglycemia. Retrospective biomarker analyses revealed a relationship between VHL mutation status and outcome with everolimus but not with apitolisib. High hypoxia-inducible factor 1α protein expression was associated with better outcome in both arms. Conclusion This study demonstrated that dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition by apitolisib was less effective than was everolimus in mRCC, likely because full blockade of PI3K/mTOR signaling resulted in multiple on-target adverse events. VHL mutation and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression may be predictive of an mTOR inhibitor benefit, although prospective validation is required.
More Aspirin Poisoning
Authors: I G MCPHERSON
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Margaret McCartney: Regulation doesn’t guarantee safety
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The NHS does bad things. A young man with learning disability drowned in a bath while in its care. Subcultures have existed that have ignored cries of pain. The NHS has covered up events leading to deaths rather than being open. The chief inspector of general practice in England, Steve Field, has said that he’s ashamed of his profession and that we haven’t dealt with our failings.1 There are two responses to all of this.

The first is pain, despair, despondency, helplessness—along with responsibility, anger, and sadness. This is often my response, which makes me miserable and distressed and changes nothing. Our systems of regulation encourage a blame-guilt-shame-fear cycle, even though this fails to help and may cause net harm …
Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: S M Jones, A K Bhalla
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Osteoporosis is recognised as a common complication of rheumatoid arthritis, with two characteristic patterns--juxta-articular and generalized bone loss. Increasingly sophisticated means of measuring bone turnover and identifying inflammatory mediators which affect bone resorption have enhanced our understanding of the disease process. The aetiology is multifactorial, involving disease-specific and general factors, but the relative importance of the various risks remains uncertain. The evidence for a protective role for oestrogens and the detrimental effect of low dose corticosteroids will be discussed. Biochemical assessment of bone loss lacks sensitivity and specificity, but the rapid improvement in radiological techniques for measuring bone mineral density have improved our ability to diagnose and assess disease progression. The diagnosis and treatment of specific risk factors, such as testosterone or vitamin D deficiency, may be helpful in a few patients, but the ultimate aim must be the early diagnosis and prevention of this potentially catastrophic complication.
The cost effectiveness of mycophenolate mofetil in the first year after primary cadaveric transplant. U.S. Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group.
Authors: S D Sullivan, L P Garrison, J H Best
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown to reduce the incidence of acute graft rejection in three controlled trials of cadaveric renal transplantation. In a U.S. trial using quadruple sequential induction therapy as control, the MMF 2-g treatment group had an acute rejection rate 40.6% lower than control in the first posttransplant year (27.9% MMF-treated versus 47.0% control). The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the economic implications of these clinical differences. The analysis relies on resource use data from the trial and other sources. Medical costs were estimated using a societal perspective and excluded the cost of the transplant procedure and organ acquisition. The two groups were compared in terms of treatment for acute rejection and opportunistic infection, graft survival, dialysis use, and maintenance immunosuppression. The results suggest that, on average, when compared with standard therapy, patients treated with MMF are likely to have lower rejection-related treatment costs because of a lower incidence of rejection ($6237 versus $3702), lower dialysis and graft failure costs because of improved graft survival ($20,104 versus $16,972), no difference in opportunistic infection treatment costs ($1962 versus $1962), and higher additional immunosuppression costs ($855 versus $5170). Taken together, these results suggest that patients treated with MMF are, on average, likely to have slightly lower first-year costs ($29,158 versus $27,807) compared with control, indicating that MMF treatment is cost-effective in the first year. These results remained stable under sensitivity analyses, with plausible variation in the rates of acute rejection, graft survival, and infection.
NKT cell subsets as key participants in liver physiology and pathology
Authors: Keya Bandyopadhyay, Idania Marrero, Vipin Kumar
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2016)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that generally recognize lipid antigens and are enriched in microvascular compartments of the liver. NKT cells can be activated by self- or microbial-lipid antigens and by signaling through toll-like receptors. Following activation, NKT cells rapidly secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and thereby determine the milieu for subsequent immunity or tolerance. It is becoming clear that two different subsets of NKT cells—type I and type II—have different modes of antigen recognition and have opposing roles in inflammatory liver diseases. Here we focus mainly on the roles of both NKT cell subsets in the maintenance of immune tolerance and inflammatory diseases in liver. Furthermore, how the differential activation of type I and type II NKT cells influences other innate cells and adaptive immune cells to result in important consequences for tissue integrity is discussed. It is crucial that better reagents, including CD1d tetramers, be used in clinical studies to define the roles of NKT cells in liver diseases in patients.
Vaccination of hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients with peptide cocktail-loaded dendritic cells: Results of a phase I clinical trial
Authors: A. Meye, S. Fuessel, M. Schmitz, S. Zastrow, C. Linne, K. Richter, B. Lobel, O. W. Hakenberg, K. Hoelig, P. E. Rieber, M. P. Wirth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

2551 Background: For patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) treatment options are limited. Immunotherapies based on dendritic cells (DCs) might represent promising alternatives. In a Phase I clinical trial, we evaluated the safety and feasibility of a vaccination with monocyte-derived DCs loaded with a cocktail consisting of HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides derived from prostate cancer-associated antigens (PSA, PSMA, survivin, prostein, trp-p8). Methods: Eight HRPC patients were enrolled in this study (Table). Each patient underwent two leukaphereses, for the isolation of monocytes and subsequent generation of mature DCs. Patients received a total of four vaccinations each with peptide cocktail-loaded DCs at a dose of 1 x 10 7 cells both intradermally and intravenously every other week. Clinical response was monitored by the determination of the PSA level. The induction of a peptide-specific T-cell response was assessed by ELISPOT analysis. Results: Apart from local erythema and edema at the site of intradermal administration no side effects were noted. Four of eight patients showed a temporary PSA decline. One patient displayed a partial response with a PSA decrease &gt; 50% for seven weeks and further stabilization for five weeks. Stable PSA values or decelerated PSA increases were observed in the three remaining patients. In ELISPOT analyses, three of four PSA responders also showed antigen-specific CD8 + T-cell activation against prostein, survivin and PSMA. Conclusions: The described protocol represents a safe and feasible concept for the induction of clinical and immunological responses. The application of a peptide cocktail derived from different antigens as a novel treatment modality is supposed to allow for the genetic and biologic heterogeneity of PCa. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Genetically targeted magnetic control of the nervous system
Authors: Michael A Wheeler, Cody J Smith, Matteo Ottolini, Bryan S Barker, Aarti M Purohit, Ryan M Grippo, Ronald P Gaykema, Anthony J Spano, Mark P Beenhakker, Sarah Kucenas, Manoj K Patel, Christopher D Deppmann, Ali D Güler
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2016)
Primary adenocarcinoma of the anus: a 22-year SEER population database analysis
Authors: J. C. Yap, G. Y. Yang, M. Fakih, T. Mashtare, K. Bullard Dunn, B. W. Kuvshinoff, J. Smith, N. I. Khushalani, J. F. Gibbs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15072 Background: Most anal canal cancers consist of squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA). Adenocarcinoma (AdenoCa) is rare and accounts for approximately 10% of anal cancers. A search of the SEER database (1973 to 2005) was carried out to evaluate the pattern of radiation (RT) and surgical treatment. Impact of the treatment on overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Methods: The search of the SEER database revealed 1,008 pts who had pathologically confirmed anal cancers with either SCCA or AdenoCa. All pts had single diagnosis of anal cancer with localized disease without nodal involvement. Excluded were pts with unknown use of surgery or radiation. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox-Mantel model were used to calculate and compare survival rates. Results: Median age of all pts was 57 years (range 29 to 99). For the SCCA group, median age was 57 years (range 29 to 99), which was younger than the AdenoCa group with median age of 74 years (range 37 to 92). Among the 1,008 pts, 954 had SCCA (94.6%), and 54 had AdenoCa (5.4%). Within the SCCA group, 14 (1.5%) had abdominoperineal resection (APR) in combination with external beam RT, and 795 (83.3%) had RT only with non-APR local surgical treatment inclusive of excision. Remaining 145 SCCA pts (15.2%) had non-APR local surgical treatment only without RT or had no treatment. Within the AdenoCa group, 10 (18.5%) had APR in combination with external beam RT, and 21 (38.9%) had RT only with non-APR local surgical treatment inclusive of excision. Remaining 23 AdenoCa pts (42.6%) had non-APR local surgical treatment only without RT. None of the adenoCa pt had no treatment. OS at 10 years was superior for pts with SCCA vs. AdenoCa (64.9% vs. 25.8%, p&lt;0.05). Among the SCCA subset, there was no signficant difference in the 10-yr OS between the APR versus the RT pts (71% vs. 65%, p=0.78). On the other hand, among the AdenoCa subset, pts who had APR had better 10-yr OS than RT pts (53.8% vs. 0%, p=0.03) Conclusions: For localized anal SCCA, RT yielded equivalent overall survival as compared to APR. On the other hand, pts with localized anal adenoCa appeared to do worse when APR was omitted. RT only without APR might not be sufficient treatment in these patients. This database lacks information on use of chemotherapy and local disease control. Omission of APR in pts with anal canal adenoCa should be cautiously weighed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Problems in Tracking Safety of Medical Devices
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Retention in care during the first 3 years of antiretroviral therapy for women in Malawi's option B+ programme: an observational cohort study
Authors: Andreas D Haas, Lyson Tenthani, Malango T Msukwa, Kali Tal, Andreas Jahn, Oliver J Gadabu, Adrian Spoerri, Frank Chimbwandira, Joep J van Oosterhout, Olivia Keiser
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2016)
Immune profiling of malignant pleural mesothelioma by flow cytometry identifies distinct T-cell activation and exhaustion phenotypes in PD-L1 positive versus PD-L1 negative tumors
Authors: Mark M. Awad, Mark A. Bittinger, Robert E. Jones, Xioayun Liao, Meghana Kulkarni, Lauren Keogh, Shohei Koyama, Christina G. Almonte, Abigail A. Santos, Jessie E. English, Julianne Barlow, William G. Richards, Peter S. Hammerman, Scott J. Rodig, Raphael Bueno, Kwok-Kin Wong
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Integrated genomic DNA/RNA profiling of hematologic malignancies in the clinical setting
Authors: Jie He, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Michelle K. Nahas, Kai Wang, Raajit K. Rampal, Andrew M. Intlekofer, Jay Patel, Andrei Krivstov, Garrett M. Frampton, Lauren E. Young, Shan Zhong, Mark Bailey, Jared R. White, Steven Roels, Jason Deffenbaugh, Alex Fichtenholtz, Timothy Brennan, Mark Rosenzweig, Kimberly Pelak, Kristina M. Knapp, Kristina W. Brennan, Amy L. Donahue, Geneva Young, Lazaro Garcia, Selmira T. Beckstrom, Mandy Zhao, Emily White, Vera Banning, Jamie Buell, Kiel Iwanik, Jeffrey S. Ross, Deborah Morosini, Anas Younes, Alan M. Hanash, Elisabeth Paietta, Kathryn Roberts, Charles Mullighan, Ahmet Dogan, Scott A. Armstrong, Tariq Mughal, Jo-Anne Vergilio, Elaine Labrecque, Rachel Erlich, Christine Vietz, Roman Yelensky, Philip J. Stephens, Vincent A. Miller, Marcel R. M. van den Brink, Geoff A. Otto, Doron Lipson, Ross L. Levine
Journal: Blood (2016)