tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Variation in the distribution of silver-staining nucleolar organizer regions on the chromosomes of the wild mouse, Mus musculus.
Authors: H Suzuki, Y Kurihara, T Kanehisa, K Moriwaki
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1990)

A silver staining method was used to analyze the distribution of nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) on chromosomes of 45 wild mice (Mus musculus). The four subspecies represented were M. m. musculus, M. m. molossinus, M. m. castaneus, and M. m. bactrianus. Ag-NORs were observed near the centromeric regions of 11 chromosomes (4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19), indicating a preponderance of Ag-NORs on smaller chromosomes. The first five loci have not been observed previously. It is suggested that a correlation may exist between the specific features of mouse Ag-NORs and the events involved in intra- and interchromosomal homogenization of rDNA.
Resolution of posttransplant hypertension after liver transplantation despite impaired glomerular filtration.
Authors: S C Textor, L Schwartz, V J Canzanello, R Wiesner, S J Taler, M Porayko, D J Wilson, R Krom, J C Burnett, J C Romero
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Hypertension developing after transplantation is characterized by widespread vasoconstriction including the kidney. Late resolution (mean, 29 +/- 4 months) of posttransplant hypertension has been observed in 15 (Group I) of 278 subjects monitored after liver transplantation. These studies were undertaken to define the systemic and renal changes associated with resolution, as compared with a group matched for age, sex, and time after transplant who remained hypertensive (Group II; N = 15) or a group who never developed hypertension (Group III; N = 23). Blood pressure during resolution paralleled changes in the systemic resistance index, which fell from 3,052 +/- 548 to 1,872 +/- 205 dyne/s.cm5/m2 (P < 0.01). GFR and RBF remained low, despite the resolution of hypertension, and renal vascular resistance did not change. Circulating endothelin levels remained above normal in all transplant recipients (Group I, 11.9 +/- 3.0 versus normal subjects, 7.0 +/- 1.1 pg/mL; P < 0.05), and urinary prostacyclin excretion was suppressed (880 +/- 120 versus 2,247 +/- 187 ng/day; P < 0.01). No hormonal differences were apparent between transplant groups. These results demonstrate the capacity for systemic vasodilation to occur after transplantation, independent of vascular tone in the kidney. They further suggest that renal vasoconstriction and impaired GFR alone are not sufficient to explain de novo hypertension after transplantation.
Oxaliplatin mediated inhibition of human hepatocellular cancer cell proliferation is via the regulation of signal transduction pathways
Authors: K. Clarke, B. Zhao, T. K. X. Liu, Y. Yen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4270 Oxaliplatin has been shown to have efficacy in colorectal cancer both in the in vitro and in vivo setting. In this particular study, the preclinical assessment of Oxaliplatin in treating HCC was further explored in two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, HEP3B and HEPG2. The IC 50 was achieved at approximately 1μM in HEPG2 and 2.5μM in HEP3B. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated accumulation of cells in the SubG1 phase which is consistent with apoptosis. After demonstrating these phenotypic changes, to further explore the mechanism related with cytotoxicity, the cell cycle regulatory proteins were examined. Cyclin A, D, E expression as detected by western blot decreased after treatment with oxaliplatin. Expression of Hypoxia induced Factor (HIF) was similarly inhibited, along with the signal transducer and activator of transcription factor (STAT-1) and phosphorylated Akt. It was unclear as to the effect of oxaliplatin on STAT-3 and ERK expression. Through its ability to regulate signal transduction pathways, specifically cell cycle and apoptosis, oxaliplatin is able to exert its cytotoxic effects in HCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 17396: Apheresis Treatment does not Affect the Lipid-Lowering Efficacy of Lomitapide, a Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein Inhibitor, in Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Marina Cuchel, Emma A Meagher, H. du Toit Theron, Dirk Blom, A. D Marais, Robert A Hegele, Maurizio Averna, Cesare Sirtori, Prediman K Shah, Daniel Gaudet, Claudia Stefanutti, Giovanni B Vigna, Ame du Plessis, LeAnne T Bloedon, Daniel J Rader, Phase HoFH Lomitapide Study Investigators
Journal: Circulation (2012)

BACKGROUND: Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) are at very high risk for premature cardiovascular disease and are refractory to existing lipid lowering drug therapy. Aphe...
Complete surgical resection for children with pure fetal histology hepatoblastoma (PFH): A report of the Childrens Oncology Group (COG)
Authors: M. H. Malogolowkin, H. M. Katzenstein, M. D. Krailo, J. Rowland, J. Haas, R. Meyers, M. J. Finegold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

10049 Background: Approximately 4% of all children with hepatoblastoma (HB) have PFH. These children have been shown to have excellent clinical outcomes following complete surgical resection (stage I) with or without limited adjuvant chemotherapy Methods: Twenty-six children with stage I PFH were treated in 2 consecutive studies. Nine, on INT-0098 were non-randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy with single-agent doxorubicin after surgical resection, and 17, on P9645, received no post-surgery chemotherapy. Central pathology review was performed on all cases. Detailed surgery and pathology reports were retrospectively reviewed when available for determination of their PRETEXT stage prior to any therapy for their disease. Results: The five-year EFS and OS for all 9 patients treated on INT-0098 were 100% respectively. Similarly, all 17 patients enrolled onto P9645 study were alive and free of disease at the time of last contact. PRETEXT determination was feasible in 21 patients; of these 7 were group I; 10 group II and 4 group III. Conclusions: Children with completely resected (stage I) PFH can achieve long-term survival without further chemotherapy. Upfront surgical resection of hepatoblastoma, when feasible, can identify children who can be spared the toxicities associated with chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
제10차 춘계 학술대회 초록집 : 구연 27 ; 비알콜성 지방간질환 환자의 간 손상정도와 혈중 leptin치의 연관성
Authors: 김경오, 박상훈, 오길찬, 진도균, 박진철, 박철성, 박철희, 한태호, 유교상, 김종혁, 이명석, 김동준, 박충기, 조현득
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2004)
Epidemiological Aspects of Neoplastic Disorders in Israeli Migrant Population. IV. Cancer of the Colon and Rectum&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: N Mass, B Modan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

This study comprises all newly diagnosed carcinomas of the colon and rectum in the Israeli Jewish population between 1961 and 1965. Information was based on data obtained by the Central Cancer Registry and on review of the original hospital records, whenever necessary. In 85.8% of the cases, the diagnosis was based on histological grounds and, in an additional 9.5%, on surgical findings. The mean annual incidence of the disease was 15.4/100,000 (14.8/100,000 among males and 16.0/ 100,000 among females). The specific incidence for cancer of the colon was 9.0/100,000 and for cancer of the rectum 6.2/100,000. (In the remaining 0.2/100,000 the exact anatomical location was unclear.) The incidence of both cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum was significantly higher among European-born patients than among those born in Asia and Africa. The European-Oriental ratio was considerably higher than in most other cancer sites. The incidence among Israeli-born was intermediate, close to the European-born group among the males and to the non-European-born among females. This difference in the native-born stemmed in part from a relatively higher incidence among Asian- and African-born females, as compared to the respective male groups. There was an indication for a higher incidence of the disease in the urban, as compared to the rural, population.
The new Victorians: community care in the 1990s
Authors: J. Chaloner
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Just before Christmas 1997 my mother, 88 years old and suffering from Alzheimer's, was admitted to the geriatric ward of her local hospital. She had managed successfully in her own home with brief input four times a day from home care workers, who were subcontracted from a private nursing agency by the local social services.

After three days on oral antibiotics she was well. The ward sister commented that the social worker seemed to have been waiting for things to break down in order to shift my mother into a unit for the elderly mentally ill. When I telephoned the nursing agency I was told that the social worker was not “happy with the package” but the agency was vague about details.

The social worker admitted to me that they are trying to cut costs

Although my mother was now medically fit for discharge, the weeks rolled on due to the social worker's insistence on arranging what was rather mysteriously referred to as an “assessment.” Deprived of all personal belongings, including …
Phase I and pharmacologic studies of intraperitoneal leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: S G Arbuck, F Trave, H O Douglass, H Nava, S Zakrzewski, Y M Rustum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Many patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tumors develop extensive peritoneal and serosal metastasis and/or malignant ascites which respond poorly to available treatments. Twelve patients with tumors confined primarily to the intraabdominal cavity were treated with intraperitoneal (IP) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in escalating concentrations (2 to 4 mmol/L) in combination with leucovorin (dl-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid or folinic acid; dl-CF) in a 2-L volume, either by eight consecutive four-hour dwells or once daily for five days. CF dose was 20.8 or 104 mumol/L. Nine of the patients had pancreatic carcinoma, one had stomach carcinoma, and two had hepatobiliary neoplasms. Median age was 62.5 years and median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 3. Toxicity included mucositis, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, leucopenia, skin rash, and abdominal pain, and was similar to that previously reported for IP 5-FU used as a single agent. Four episodes of peritonitis occurred, but all patients responded to antibiotics. At the 20.8 mumol/L dose, dl-CF concentration in the peritoneal fluid declined from 10.4 +/- 3.0 3.0 mumol/L at one hour to 4.9 +/- 2.2 mumol/L at four hours, corresponding to a mean absorption half-life of 127 +/- 49 minutes and a mean peritoneal clearance of 13.0 +/- 4.5 mL/min. Decline was biphasic in all but five of the 19 exchanges evaluated. The levels of l-CF (biologically active isomer of dl-CF) were 2.8 +/- 2.5 mumol/L after 60 minutes and 1.2 +/- 0.7 mumol/L after four hours. The peritoneal area under the concentration v time curve (AUC) for 5-FU increased proportionally with dose. For example, the AUC at 2.0 and 3.5 mmol/L was 129 +/- 25 and 201 +/- 23 mmol/L X minute, respectively. However, the maximal peritoneal to plasma AUC ratio was 461 at the 2 mmol/L dose, but decreased with increasing doses as systemic clearance decreased. This regimen was well tolerated in patients with advanced cancer, but must be evaluated further to determine its clinical efficacy.
Functional evidence for continued alveolarisation in former preterms at school age?
Authors: Sophie Yammine, Anne Schmidt, Oliver Sutter, Sotirios Fouzas, Florian Singer, Urs Frey, Philipp Latzin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Prematurity is the most common disruptor of lung development. The aim of our study was to examine the function of the more vulnerable peripheral airways in former preterm children by multiple-breath washout (MBW) measurements.86 school-aged children, born between 24 and 35 weeks of gestation and 49 term-born children performed nitrogen MBW. Lung clearance index (LCI), and slope III-derived Scond and Sacin were assessed as markers for global, convection-dependent and diffusion-convection-dependent ventilation inhomogeneity, respectively.We analysed the data of 77 former preterm (mean (range) age 9.5 (7.2-12.8) years) and 46 term-born children (mean age 9.9 (6.0-15.9) years). LCI and Sacin did not differ between preterm and term-born children. Scond was significantly elevated in preterm compared to term-born participants (mean difference z-score 1.74, 95% CI 1.17-2.30; p<0.001), with 54% of former preterm children showing elevated Scond. In multivariable regression analysis Scond was significantly related only to gestational age (R(2)=0.37).Normal Sacin provides evidence for a functionally normal alveolar compartment, while elevated Scond indicates impaired function of more proximal conducting airways. Together, our findings support the concept of continued alveolarisation, albeit with "dysanaptic" lung growth in former preterm children.
Recurrence Pattern in Patients with Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sayako Yuda, Mayu Yunokawa, Tatsunori Shimoi, Sayuri Sasaki, Makoto Koudaira, Harukaze Yamamoto, Kan Yonemori, Chikako Shimizu, Yasuhiro Fujiwara, Kenji Tamura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
A randomized 2X2 phase II trial comparing two and four courses of S-1/cisplatin (SC) and paclitaxel/cisplatin (PC) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally resectable advanced gastric cancer: Survival results of COMPASS.
Authors: Takaki Yoshikawa, Kazuaki Tanabe, Kazuhiro Nishikawa, Kazumasa Fujitani, Yuichi Ito, Takanori Matsui, Tsutomu Hayashi, Toru Aoyama, Haruhiko Cho, Satoshi Morita, Yumi Miyashita, Akira Tsuburaya, Junichi Sakamoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

111 Background: The prognosis for stage III gastric cancer is not satisfactory even by S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a promising approach but its optimal duration and regimen have not been established yet. Methods: We conducted a randomized phase II trial to compare two or four courses and regimen of SC or PC using a two-by-two factorial design.Key eligibility criteria was (i) T2-3/N+ or T4aN0 in case of schirrhous or junctional tumors, T2-3 with N+ to the major branched artery, T4aN+, T4b, para-aortic nodal metastases, or resectable minimal peritoneal metastases confirmed by laparoscopy and (ii) no other distant metastasis. Patients received S-1 (80 mg/m 2 for 21 days with 1 week rest) / cisplatin (60 mg/m 2 at day 8) or paclitaxel / cisplatin (80 mg/m 2 and 25 mg/m 2 , respectively, on days 1, 8, and 15 with 1 week rest) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Then, patients received D2 gastrectomy with curative intent. The primary endpoint was 3-year overall survival. The planned sample size was 80 eligible patients in total so that the treatment group with the superior observed 3-year OS rate by 10% increase was to be selected with a probability of 88% or higher. Results: Eighty-three patients were assigned to SC (n=41, two courses in 21 and four courses in 20) and PC (n=42, two courses in 21 and four courses in 21). Pathological response rate was 42% (17/41) in SC and 33% (14/42) in PC, and 36% (15/42) in the two courses and 39% (16/41) in the four courses. Pathological CR was 0% (0/42) in the two courses and 10% (4/41) in the four courses. Grade 3/4 adverse events by chemotherapy and grade 3/4 surgical morbidities defined by Clavien-Dindo classification were both less than 10% in each arm without treatment-related death. The 3-year OS was 60.9% (95% CI, 44.3-73.9%) in SC and 64.3% (95% CI, 47.9-76.7%) in PC, and 64.3% (95% CI, 47.9-76.7%) in the two courses and 61.0% (95% CI, 44.4-74.0%) in the four courses. Conclusions: Two courses of SC as neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for a test arm of future phase III study for patients with locally resectable advanced gastric cancer. Clinical trial information: UMIN000002595.
Additional variables other than AJCC staging show clinical utility for predicting survival in colon cancer
Authors: S. M. Wiseman, S. Leung, O. Griffith, S. Jones, H. Masoudi, T. Phang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14584 Background: The most important predictor of colon cancer patient outcome is disease stage at the time of surgery. However, staging does not accurately predict survival for all patients undergoing a resection with curative intent. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and pathological characteristics of patients undergoing curative colon cancer, in order to identify characteristics, in addition to stage, predictive of disease outcome. Methods: Between 1997 and 2005 data for 114 patients undergoing curative resection for colon cancer at a tertiary care institution were collected. Clinical and pathological characteristics evaluated were: age, gender, tumor location, tumor size, scheduled vs emergent surgery, pathologic margin status, TNM stage, pathologic grade, number of positive lymph nodes, total number of lymph nodes resected, vascular and lymphatic invasion. Characteristics found to be significant in a Kaplan-Meier univariate survival analysis were included in a multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. Patient outcomes studied were overall survival, cancer specific survival, and disease free survival. Results: From the 114 patients examined in this cohort the mean age was 67 years, the male to female ratio was 0.8:1, and the mean follow up time was 2.61 years. Overall survival, cancer specific survival, and disease free survival were calculated to be 83.3%, 91.2% and 84.2%, respectively. Statistically significant variables by univariate analysis were: AJCC stage, number of positive lymph nodes, pathologic N stage, lymphatic and vascular invasion by the primary tumor. Further multivariate analysis revealed that lymphatic invasion was the only significant independent influence for predicting disease recurrence. Conclusions: Clinicopathologic characteristics, in addition to AJCC disease stage, may be of clinical utility in predicting outcome for patients who have undergone curative resection for colon cancer. Further evaluation of these clinicopathologic characteristics should be carried out in a larger colon cancer patient cohort. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 18838: Inhibition and Genetic Deficiency of Trem-1 Receptor Reduces Development of Experimental Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Jérémie Joffre, Stephane Potteaux, Amir Boufenzer, Xavier Loyer, Safa Mellak, Ludivine Laurans, Patrick Bruneval, Alain Tedgui, Ziad Mallat, Sebastien Gibot, Hafid Ait Oufella
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Innate immunity, particularly monocytes / macrophages and neutrophils, play a major role in the development and the complications of atherosclerosis. TREM-1 is a recently discovered receptor expressed by myeloid cells that amplifies the inflammatory response by increasing chemokines and pro inflammatory cytokines production. The aim of this study was to determine the role of TREM-1 in experimental atherosclerosis. Methods and results: TREM-1 is not present in healthy artery but is expressed (mRNA and protein) in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques, mainly by macrophages. 8 week-old Ldlr-/ - mice were lethally irradiated and transplanted with a bone marrow graft Trem-1 + / + or Trem-1-/ - and put on a fat diet (FD) during 14 weeks. Cholesterol levels were not different between the two groups. In Ldlr-/-/Trem-1-/ - chimeric mice, we observed a 60% reduction of the lesion size in the aortic sinus (120100 ± 139600 vs 479116 ± 70229 μm2, P = 0.006) and a 49% reduction on the thoracic aorta (9.5 ± 2.2 vs 4.8 ± 1.6% surface ratio, P = 0.02). In Ldlr-/-/Trem-1-/- chimeric mice, plaques showed a significant decrease in macrophage infiltration (MOMA +, P=0.029) and a reduction in necrotic core size (Masson’s trichrome, P=0.003). In vitro, splenocytes from Ldlr-/-Trem-1-/- stimulated by oxidized LDL produced less IL-12 (ELISA) than control chimeric splenocytes (126 ±104 vs 1185 ± 795 pg/ml, P = 0.001). We have developed a dodecapeptide (LR-12) wich inhibits TREM-1 binding to its endogenous ligand. Apoe-/- mice were treated by daily intraperitoneal injections of LR-12 (100μg) or scramble peptide during 4 weeks. We observed that LR-12 treatment reduced atherosclerosis development on a chow diet (-30%, P &lt;0.05) and on a high fat diet (-42%, P = 0.005). Conclusion: TREM-1 is expressed in human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques. TREM-1 genetic invalidation and pharmacological inhibition reduce the development of atherosclerosis and induce a more stable plaque phenotype.
Abstract P334: Gender Disparities in Cholesterol Control Among Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Emily B Schroeder, Elizabeth A Bayliss, John F Steiner
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: It has been reported that women often receive less aggressive primary and secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes decreases the cardiovascular protection that women experience, and is considered a coronary heart disease equivalent. National diabetes guidelines thus recommend similar LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c), blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) goals for men and women. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal study in a cohort of 6,573 patients with incident type 2 diabetes at Kaiser Permanente Colorado (2000-2008). We examined LDL-c, blood pressure, and HbA1c at the time of diagnosis (baseline) and after one year follow-up. We identified baseline coronary artery disease (CAD) via diagnosis codes. Results: Women and men had similar age and race distributions. Women were more likely to be never smokers and had higher BMI (34.0 vs. 31.9 kg/m 2 ), while men were more likely to be former smokers and have CAD (20.9% vs. 9.8%). Men had slightly higher baseline HbA1c, but the difference disappeared at follow-up. No gender differences were seen for blood pressure. Women had higher baseline LDL-c ( Table , p-value &lt;0.0001), with 79% of the initial difference persisting after one year (p-value &lt;0.0001). Women were less likely to have LDL-c &lt; 100 mg/dL at one year follow-up (50.7% vs. 57.2%). In both genders, LDL-c was lower among individuals with CAD than those without CAD. Baseline CAD accounted for 35% of the follow-up LDL-c gender difference. At follow-up, women were slightly less likely to be taking a statin (40% vs. 38%). Conclusions: Even with population-based case-management programs aimed at cholesterol management, fewer women than men met the recommended LDL-c goal of &lt; 100 mg/dL one year after diabetes diagnosis. Some of the difference can be attributed to differences in CAD prevalence. These findings suggest that diabetes is often not treated as a CAD equivalent in clinical care, and greater emphasis should be placed on primary CAD prevention among both men and women with diabetes. Table LDL-c (mg/dL) by gender and baseline CAD status Women Men Mean difference Mean (SD) Median Mean (SD) Median Baseline No CAD 121.5 (37.0) 119.0 117.4 (36.4) 115.0 4.1 CAD 94.0 (35.0) 88.0 89.1 (29.1) 86.0 4.9 Total 118.8 (37.7) 116.0 111.5 (36.8) 109.0 7.3 Follow-up No CAD 106.0 (33.7) 102.0 102.2 (31.1) 100.0 3.8 CAD 86.5 (32.8) 82.0 82.9 (26.5) 79.0 3.6 Total 104.0 (34.1) 100.0 98.2 (31.2) 95.0 5.8