tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occupational Exposure to Aerosolized Brevetoxins during Florida Red Tide Events: Effects on a Healthy Worker Population
Authors: Lorraine C. Backer, Barbara Kirkpatrick, Lora E. Fleming, Yung Sung Cheng, Richard Pierce, Judy A. Bean, Richard Clark, David Johnson, Adam Wanner, Robert Tamer, Yue Zhou, Daniel G. Baden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) is a marine dinoflagellate responsible for red tides that form in the Gulf of Mexico. K. brevis produces brevetoxins, the potent toxins that cause neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. There is also limited information describing human health effects from environmental exposures to brevetoxins. Our objective was to examine the impact of inhaling aerosolized brevetoxins during red tide events on self-reported symptoms and pulmonary function. We recruited a group of 28 healthy lifeguards who are occupationally exposed to red tide toxins during their daily work-related activities. They performed spirometry tests and reported symptoms before and after their 8-hr shifts during a time when there was no red tide (unexposed period) and again when there was a red tide (exposed period). We also examined how mild exercise affected the reported symptoms and spirometry tests during unexposed and exposed periods with a subgroup of the same lifeguards. Environmental sampling (K. brevis cell concentrations in seawater and brevetoxin concentrations in seawater and air) was used to confirm unexposed/exposed status. Compared with unexposed periods, the group of lifeguards reported more upper respiratory symptoms during the exposed periods. We did not observe any impact of exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins, with or without mild exercise, on pulmonary function.
Histamine and gut mucosal immune regulation
Authors: S. Smolinska, M. Jutel, R. Crameri, L. O'Mahony
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Histamine is a biogenic amine with extensive effects on many cell types, mediated by the activation of its four receptors (H1R–H4R). Distinct effects are dependent on receptor subtypes and their differential expression. Within the gastrointestinal tract, histamine is present at relatively high concentrations, particularly during inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss the immunoregulatory influence of histamine on a number of gastrointestinal disorders, including food allergy, scombroid food poisoning, histamine intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. It is clear that the effects of histamine on mucosal immune homeostasis are dependent on expression and activity of the four currently known histamine receptors; however, the relative protective or pathogenic effects of histamine on inflammatory processes within the gut are still poorly defined and require further investigation.
Prospective Study of Neutrophil Chemokine Responses in Trauma Patients at Risk for Pneumonia
Authors: Michael H. Tarlowe, Andrew Duffy, Kollenkode B. Kannan, Kiyoshi Itagaki, Robert F. Lavery, David H. Livingston, Paul Bankey, Carl J. Hauser
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Neutrophil hyperactivity contributes to organ failure, whereas hypofunction permits sepsis. The chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 are central to polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function. We prospectively assessed CXCR function and expression in PMNs from trauma patients at high risk for pneumonia and their matched volunteer controls. CXCR2-specific calcium flux and chemotaxis were desensitized by injury, returning toward normal after 1 week. CXCR1 responses were relatively maintained. These defects appeared to be caused by preferential suppression of CXCR2 surface expression. To evaluate potential mechanisms of in vivo chemokine receptor regulation further we studied cross-desensitization of chemokine receptors in normal PMNs. Susceptibility to desensitization was in the order CXCR2 > CXCR1 > formyl peptide or C5a receptors. Trauma desensitizes CXC receptors, with CXCR2 being especially vulnerable. Desensitization is most marked immediately postinjury, generally resolving by Day 7. High-affinity chemoattractant receptors responsible for PMN chemotaxis from bloodstream to tissue appear to be regulated by injury. Receptors for end-target chemoattractants regulate CXCR1 and CXCR2 but resist suppression themselves and respond normally after injury. CXCR2 desensitization occurs before pneumonia, which developed in 44% of these patients. Suppression of high-affinity PMN receptors, like CXCR2, may predispose to pneumonia after trauma or other inflammatory conditions that lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
G-CSF Promotes Neuroblastoma Tumorigenicity and Metastasis via STAT3-Dependent Cancer Stem Cell Activation
Authors: Saurabh Agarwal, Anna Lakoma, Zaowen Chen, John Hicks, Leonid S. Metelitsa, Eugene S. Kim, Jason M. Shohet
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in tumor initiation and progression. A cancer stem cell (CSC)-like subpopulation in neuroblastoma is known to be marked by expression of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR). Here, we report on the mechanistic contributions of the G-CSFR in neuroblastoma CSCs. Specifically, we demonstrate that the receptor ligand G-CSF selectively activates STAT3 within neuroblastoma CSC subpopulations, promoting their expansion in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous G-CSF enhances tumor growth and metastasis in human xenograft and murine neuroblastoma tumor models. In response to G-CSF, STAT3 acts in a feed-forward loop to transcriptionally activate the G-CSFR and sustain neuroblastoma CSCs. Blockade of this G-CSF-STAT3 signaling loop with either anti-G-CSF antibody or STAT3 inhibitor depleted the CSC subpopulation within tumors, driving correlated tumor growth inhibition, decreased metastasis, and increased chemosensitivity. Taken together, our results define G-CSF as a CSC-activating factor in neuroblastoma, suggest a comprehensive reevaluation of the clinical use of G-CSF in these patients to support white blood cell counts, and suggest that direct targeting of the G-CSF-STAT3 signaling represents a novel therapeutic approach for neuroblastoma.
Bevacizumab with FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinate) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial
Authors: Gianluca Masi, Fotios Loupakis, Lisa Salvatore, Lorenzo Fornaro, Chiara Cremolini, Samanta Cupini, Andrea Ciarlo, Francesca Del Monte, Enrico Cortesi, Domenico Amoroso, Cristina Granetto, Gabriella Fontanini, Elisa Sensi, Cristiana Lupi, Michele Andreuccetti, Alfredo Falcone
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2010)
Effect of Sympathomimetic Drugs in Acute Experimental Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: JOHN T. BINION, WILLIAM J. MORGAN, GEORGE H. WELCH, STANLEY J. SARNOFF
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

The effect of Aramine and Wyamine on the depressed circulation in acute cardiac tamponade was studied in six dogs. As a result of tamponade, there was marked depression of the apparent right and left ventricular function curves which were then significantly re-elevated by the administration of these drugs. Evidence of coronary insufficiency was demonstrated in very severe tamponade where there was a low coronary perfusion gradient. The value of these drugs in acute clinical tamponade is suggested as a temporary expedient for maintaining an adequate coronary circulation until more definitive therapy can be initiated.
Periostin levels correlate with disease severity and chronicity in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: K. Kou, T. Okawa, Y. Yamaguchi, J. Ono, Y. Inoue, M. Kohno, S. Matsukura, T. Kambara, S. Ohta, K. Izuhara, M. Aihara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Background Recent findings indicate that periostin, an extracellular matrix protein induced by T helper 2 cytokines, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Objectives To determine whether serum periostin level is associated with clinical phenotype in adult patients with AD. Methods An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine serum periostin levels in 257 adult patients with AD, 66 patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PV) as a disease control and 25 healthy controls. Serum periostin levels were analysed together with clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters, including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood eosinophil count and total IgE. Immunohistochemical analysis evaluated the expression of periostin in association with various clinical phenotypes of AD. The effect of treatment on serum periostin level was also assessed. Results Serum periostin was significantly higher in patients with AD than in patients with PV and healthy controls. Periostin level was found to be positively correlated with disease severity, TARC level, LDH level and eosinophil count, but not with IgE level. Higher serum periostin level was observed in patients with extrinsic AD compared with patients with intrinsic AD; the positive correlation of disease severity disappeared in patients with intrinsic AD. Robust expression of periostin was detected in the dermis of patients with AD with erythroderma, lichenification and, to a lesser extent, scaly erythema. Serial measurement of serum periostin revealed decreased levels of periostin after treatment for AD. Conclusions Periostin may play a critical role in disease severity and chronicity in the pathogenesis of AD.
Coeliac disease, splenic function, and malignancy
Authors: D A F Robertson, C M Swinson, R Hall, M S Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1982)

Blood films from 41 cases of coeliac disease complicated by malignancy were examined and evidence of hyposplenism found in 12 cases (29%). This is similar to the proportion of adult coeliacs without malignancy who have hypoplenism and it is concluded that impaired splenic function is not associated with the development of malignancy in coeliac disease.
Watchdog says councils are unprepared for England's ageing population
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2008)

More falls prevention schemes should be adopted as part of the effort to prepare for an ageing population in England, says the public service watchdog.

Most councils are ill prepared to meet the challenges or grasp the opportunities for a population that is ageing, said the Audit Commission in its report published this week.

This large scale study involved interviews and assessments of documentary evidence from local authorities, interviews with 235 people at councils, a mystery shopper survey of 49 councils conducted by four older researchers, and 15 focus groups with 175 older people in 10 areas.

The research team found that only a third of councils are well prepared for …
Androgen treatment prevents diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.
Authors: H S Fox
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain provides a model system for human autoimmune diabetes. This disease model is extensively used not only to examine the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes, but also as a means to evaluate therapies. In NOD mice, the disease progresses from insulitis to islet destruction and clinical diabetes in a high percentage of female mice. In this study, androgen therapy, begun after the onset of insulitis, was found to prevent islet destruction and diabetes without eliminating the islet inflammation in female NOD mice. However, diabetes can be adoptively transferred into such hormone-treated recipients. The prevention of disease onset by androgen is likely due to the hormonal alteration of the development or function of the immune cells necessary for islet destruction.
Patients' perceptions of written consent: questionnaire study
Authors: Andrea Akkad, Clare Jackson, Sara Kenyon, Mary Dixon-Woods, Nick Taub, Marwan Habiba
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To examine patients9 understanding of the status, function, and remit of written consent to surgery. <b>Design</b> Prospective questionnaire study. Questionnaires were sent to patients within one month of surgery. Responses were analysed with frequencies and single variable analyses. <b>Setting</b> Large teaching hospital. <b>Participants</b> 732 patients who had undergone surgery in obstetrics and gynaecology over a six month period. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Patients9 awareness of the legal implications of written consent and their views on the function and remit of the consent form. <b>Results</b> Patients had limited understanding of the legal standing of written consent. Nearly half (46%, 95% confidence interval 43% to 50%) of patients believed the primary function of consent forms was to protect hospitals and 68% (65% to 71%) thought consent forms allowed doctors to assume control. Only 41% (37% to 44%) of patients believed consent forms made their wishes known. <b>Conclusions</b> Many patients seem to have limited awareness of the legal implications of signing or not signing consent forms, and they do not recognise written consent as primarily serving their interests. Current consent procedures seem inadequate as a means for the expression of autonomous choice, and their ethical standing and credibility can be called into question.
First-line treatment with paclitaxel for non-HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma: experience in 10 cases
Authors: D. Denis, E. Régnier-Rosencher, N. Kramkimel, A. Jafari, M.-F. Avril, N. Dupin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article First‐line treatment with paclitaxel for non‐HIV‐related Kaposi sarcoma: experience in 10 cases Get access D. Denis, D. Denis Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Service de Dermatologie Université Paris Descartes Hôpital Cochin Pavillon Tarnier 89 Rue d'Assas 75006 Paris France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Régnier‐Rosencher, E. Régnier‐Rosencher Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Service de Dermatologie Université Paris Descartes Hôpital Cochin Pavillon Tarnier 89 Rue d'Assas 75006 Paris France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Kramkimel, N. Kramkimel Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Service de Dermatologie Université Paris Descartes Hôpital Cochin Pavillon Tarnier 89 Rue d'Assas 75006 Paris France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Jafari, A. Jafari Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Service de Dermatologie Université Paris Descartes Hôpital Cochin Pavillon Tarnier 89 Rue d'Assas 75006 Paris France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.‐F. Avril, M.‐F. Avril Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Service de Dermatologie Université Paris Descartes Hôpital Cochin Pavillon Tarnier 89 Rue d'Assas 75006 Paris France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Dupin N. Dupin Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Service de Dermatologie Université Paris Descartes Hôpital Cochin Pavillon Tarnier 89 Rue d'Assas 75006 Paris France Correspondence: Nicolas Dupin. E‐mail: nicolas.dupin@aphp.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 174, Issue 4, 1 April 2016, Pages 905–908, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14237 Published: 01 April 2016
Weekly oral paclitaxel as first-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: C.M.F. Kruijtzer, H. Boot, J.H. Beijnen, H.L. Lochs, F.X. Parnis, A.S.T. Planting, J.M.G. Pelgrims, R. Williams, R.A.A. Mathôt, H. Rosing, M.E. Schot, H. van Tinteren, J.H.M. Schellens
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Pulmonary hypertension in high-altitude chronic hypoxia: response to nifedipine
Authors: AM Antezana, G Antezana, O Aparicio, I Noriega, FL Velarde, JP Richalet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Permanent residents at high altitude may develop excessive polycythaemia (H-Hb) and pulmonary hypertension, which often leads to cardiac failure. Inhibitors of calcium channels have been shown to reverse pulmonary hypertension in respiratory diseases and in primary pulmonary hypertension, but their efficiency has not been evaluated in high-altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension. Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) was studied by Doppler echocardiography, at rest and after sublingual nifedipine, in 31 asymptomatic residents at 3,600 m. Individuals were separated into two groups according to resting Ppa: a group with low Ppa (< or =4.7 kPa, n=17) and a group with high Ppa (>4.7 kPa, n=14). Individuals were also split into two groups according to haemoglobin (Hb) concentration: a normocythaemic (L-Hb) group ([Hb] < or =180 g.L(-1), n=17) and a H-Hb group ([Hb] >180 g.L.(-1), n=14). No significant difference in Ppa was observed between the L-Hb and H-Hb groups. There was no correlation between [Hb] and Ppa. Nifedipine induced a decrease of >20% in Ppa in two-thirds of the subjects. This response was correlated with higher levels of basal Ppa (p<0.001) and was inversely correlated with age in the L-Hb group (p<0.05). Pulmonary vasoreactivity to nifedipine was independent of the degree of H-Hb. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic altitude hypoxia may be reversible, despite a possible remodelling of the pulmonary arterioles.
DEUG REACTIONS XIX
Authors: John Almeyda, Ashley Levantine
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article DEUG REACTIONS XIX Get access John Almeyda, John Almeyda The London Hospital, E.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ashley Levantine Ashley Levantine The Middlesex Hospital, W.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 87, Issue 3, 1 September 1972, Pages 293–297, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb00328.x Published: 01 September 1972
Impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the progression of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus infected patients
Authors: A H Mohsen
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Objectives:</b> To compare the rate of hepatic fibrosis progression in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV coinfected patients, and to identify factors that may influence fibrosis progression. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A total of 153 HCV infected and 55 HCV-HIV coinfected patients were identified from two London hospitals. Eligible patients had known dates of HCV acquisition, were HCV-RNA positive, and had undergone a liver biopsy, which was graded using the Ishak score. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with fibrosis progression rate and the development of advanced fibrosis (stages 3 and 4). <b>Results:</b> The estimated median fibrosis progression rate was 0.17 units/year (interquartile range (IQR) 0.10–0.25) in HIV-HCV coinfected and 0.13 (IQR 0.07–0.17) in HCV monoinfected patients (p=0.01), equating to an estimated time from HCV infection to cirrhosis of 23 and 32 years, respectively. Older age at infection (p&lt;0.001), HIV positivity (p=0.019), higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (p=0.039), and higher inflammatory activity (p&lt;0.001) on first biopsy were all independently associated with more rapid fibrosis progression. ALT was correlated with histological index (<i>r</i>=0.35, p&lt;0.001). A CD4 cell count ⩽250×10<sup>6</sup>/l was independently associated with advanced liver fibrosis (odds ratio 5.36 (95% confidence interval 1.26–22.79)) and was also correlated with a higher histological index (<i>r</i>=−0.42, p=0.002). <b>Conclusion:</b> HIV infection modifies the natural history of HCV by accelerating the rate of fibrosis progression by 1.4 fold, and the development of advanced fibrosis threefold. A low CD4 cell count was independently associated with advanced disease and correlated with higher histological index, which suggests that early antiretroviral therapy may be of benefit in slowing HCV progression in coinfected patients.
Lymphocytic Vasculitis of the Uterus in a Patient With Melanoma Receiving Ipilimumab
Authors: David R. Minor, Stephen R. Bunker, Judith Doyle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Case Report A 77-year-old woman developed in-transit and lymphatic metastases from melanoma after multiple previous therapies. She received four dosesof ipilimumab3mg/kgbeginninginSeptember2011.Fifteenweeks after starting treatment, she developed hypophysitis with low levels of cortisol and thyroid-stimulating hormone; her symptoms responded to appropriate hormonal replacement. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography scan in May 2012 documented complete remission of her melanoma. She received additional doses of ipilimumab 3 mg/kg in March and June 2012 without apparent adverse effects. A routine PET/computed tomography scan in August 2012 appeared to show a 4.8-cm mass in the uterus (SUV 9.2) with bilateral iliac lymphadenopathy (Fig 1). She had no pelvic pain, bleeding, or previous gynecological disease. Because of suspicion of recurrent malignancy she had a hysterectomy in September 2012. Pathology showed lymphocytic vasculitis involving uterine and ovarian vessels (Fig 2), with transmural infiltration of lymphocytes and focal fibrin deposition. The iliac lymph nodes thatwereremovedshowedonlyreactivechanges.Serologic studies subsequently showed normal antinuclear antibodies but a high titer of antithyroglobulin antibody—3,591 IU/mL (normal, 0-40 IU/mL).
Stem cell-ness: a "magic marker" for cancer
Authors: J. P. Lahad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Transcriptional profiling of patient tumors is a much-heralded advancement in cancer therapy, as it provides the opportunity to identify patients who would benefit from more or less aggressive therapy and thus allows the development of individualized treatment. However, translation of this promise into patient benefit has proven challenging. In this issue of the JCI, Glinsky and colleagues used human and murine models to identify a potential stem cell mRNA signature, based on the hypothesis that tumors with stem cell–like characteristics are likely to have a poor prognosis. Remarkably, an 11-gene "expression signature" associated with "stem cell–ness" separated patients with different cancers into good- and poor-prognosis groups. Such a "magic marker" would, if validated, have a major impact on patient care. However, there remain challenges incumbent with creating and validating such signatures.
Relationship of the electrocardiographic strain pattern to left ventricular structure and function in hypertensive patients: the LIFE study
Authors: Peter M Okin, Richard B Devereux, Markku S Nieminen, Sverker Jern, Lasse Oikarinen, Matti Viitasalo, Lauri Toivonen, Sverre E Kjeldsen, Stevo Julius, Björn Dahlöf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)