tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: comparison of outside-in and all-inside techniques.
Authors: S Brandsson, E Faxén, B I Eriksson, L Swärd, O Lundin, J Karlsson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

The aim of this prospective study was to compare two arthroscopic techniques for reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament, the "outside-in" (two incisions) and the "all-inside" (one incision) techniques. The results obtained for 30 patients operated on using the "outside-in" technique (group I) were compared with those for 29 patients operated on using the "all-inside" technique (group II). Before surgery, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of Lysholm score, Tegner activity level, patellofemoral pain score, or knee laxity. Both groups displayed significant improvements in Lysholm score after 24 months, from 69 (16) to 91 (9) in group I and from 70 (17) to 90 (15) in group II (means (SD)). There were also significant improvements in patellofemoral pain scores in both groups, from 13 (6) to 18 (5) in group I and from 14 (6) to 18 (4) in group II after 24 months. No difference was found between the groups in knee stability at the 24 month follow up. The IKDC score was identical in both groups at follow up. The operation took significantly longer for patients in group I (mean 94 (15)) than for those in group II (mean 86 (20)) (p = 0.03). The mean sick leave was 7.7 (6.2) weeks in group I and 12.3 (9.7) weeks in group II (p = 0.026), indicating that there may be a higher morbidity associated with the "all-inside" technique. It can be concluded that there were no significant differences between the two different techniques in terms of functional results, knee laxity, or postoperative complications. The results were satisfactory and the outcome was similar in both treatment groups.
Infectious diseases in Iran: a bird's eye view
Authors: M. Askarian, R. Mansour Ghanaie, A. Karimi, F. Habibzadeh
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)

Thanks to improved health standards in Iran over the past three decades, we have witnessed a shift in the causes of death in Iran from infectious causes to non-communicable diseases-mainly cardiovascular disorders, cancers, and road traffic injuries. The incidence and prevalence of many infectious diseases, such as many parasitic infections, have fallen significantly; there have been no reported cases of dracunculiasis in Iran since the mid-1970s. Great strides have also been made towards the elimination of schistosomiasis in Iran. However, we still have some problems with cutaneous leishmaniasis, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, infections among immunocompromised hosts, hospital-acquired infections, and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. We need to emphasize improvements in sanitation, good clinical practice, and education about the rational administration of antibiotics.
Gefitinib Enhances the Antitumor Activity and Oral Bioavailability of Irinotecan in Mice
Authors: Clinton F. Stewart, Markos Leggas, John D. Schuetz, John C. Panetta, Pamela J. Cheshire, Jennifer Peterson, Najat Daw, Jesse J. Jenkins, Richard Gilbertson, Glen S. Germain, Franklin C. Harwood, Peter J. Houghton
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract As a single agent the ERBB1 inhibitor, gefitinib (Iressa; ZD1839) showed minimal activity against a panel of 10 pediatric tumor xenografts that do not express the ERBB1 receptor. However, combined with irinotecan (CPT-11), significantly greater than additive activity was observed in four of eight models (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and the combination showed enhanced activity against three additional tumor lines. Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), a transporter that confers resistance to SN-38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan), was readily detected in six of nine xenograft models examined by immunohistochemistry. In vitro gefitinib potently reversed resistance to SN-38 only in a cell line that overexpressed functional ABCG2. However, overexpression of ABCG2 did not decrease accumulation nor increase the rate of efflux of [14C]gefitinib. On the basis of these results and the distribution of Abcg2 in mouse tissues, we assessed the ability of gefitinib to modulate irinotecan pharmacokinetics. Oral gefitinib coadministration resulted in no change in clearance of intravenously administered irinotecan. However, gefitinib treatment dramatically increased the oral bioavailability of irinotecan after simultaneous oral administration. It is concluded that gefitinib may modulate SN-38 activity at the cellular level to reverse tumor resistance mediated by ABCG2 through inhibiting drug efflux and may be used potentially in humans to modulate the oral bioavailability of a poorly absorbed camptothecin such as irinotecan.
Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitors for Early Breast Cancer After Chemotherapy-Induced Amenorrhoea: Caution and Suggested Guidelines
Authors: Ian E. Smith, Mitch Dowsett, Yoon-Sim Yap, Geraldine Walsh, Per E. Lønning, Richard J. Santen, Daniel Hayes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are now established as adjuvant therapy for early hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Their use is sometimes extended to younger women after chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea; we have audited this in one institution's breast unit, and we propose guidelines for use in such circumstances.The use of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy in younger women age > or = 40 with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer and chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea has been audited clinically and biochemically. Results A total of 45 such women were identified in the audit, with a median age of 47 years (range, 39 to 52 years). Twelve women (27%) showed a return of ovarian function (10 renewed menses, one pregnancy, one biochemically premenopausal) after starting an AI. Median age at restart of ovarian function was 44 years (range, 40 to 50 years).AIs may promote recovery of ovarian function in some women with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea and should be used with caution. Biochemical monitoring of ovarian function requires highly sensitive immunoassays. Guidelines for the selection and delivery of adjuvant endocrine therapy in such patients are proposed.
Brain nuclear factor-kappa B activation contributes to neurohumoral excitation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension
Authors: Y.-M. Kang, Y. Ma, J.-P. Zheng, C. Elks, S. Sriramula, Z.-M. Yang, J. Francis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress responses contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. In this study, we determined whether nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) increases oxidative stress and contributes to the ANG II-induced hypertensive response. Rats were infused intravenously with ANG II (10 ng/kg per min) or saline for 4 weeks. These rats received either vehicle or losartan (LOS, 20 µg/h), an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) antagonist; pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 5 µg/h), a NF-κB inhibitor; tempol (TEMP, 80 µg/h), a superoxide scavenger; LOS (20 µg/h), and PDTC (5 µg/h); or TEMP (80 µg/h) and PDTC (5 µg/h), given intracerebroventricularly (ICV) via osmotic minipump. ANG II infusion resulted in increased mean arterial pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity, plasma proinflammatory cytokines (PIC), norepinephrine, and aldosterone. These rats also had higher levels of Fra-LI (an indicator of chronic neuronal activation), PIC, phosphorylated IKKβ, NF-κB subunits, AT1-R, superoxide, and gp91phox (a subunit of NADP(H) oxidase) and lower levels of IκBα in the PVN than control animals. ICV treatment with LOS, PDTC, or TEMP attenuated these changes, and combined treatment with ICV LOS and PDTC, or ICV TEMP and PDTC prevented these ANG II-induced hypertensive responses. These findings suggest that an ANG II-induced increase in the brain renin–angiotensin system activates NF-κB in the PVN and contributes to sympathoexcitation in hypertension. The increased superoxide in the PVN contributes to NF-κB activation and neurohumoral excitation in hypertension.
What the Affordable Care Act Means for Survivors of Pediatric Cancer
Authors: Emily L. Mueller, Elyse R. Park, Matthew M. Davis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

In the last 50 years, major therapeutic advances in childhood cancer care have transformed pediatric oncology.Although childhood cancer incidence rates have increased significantly from 1975 to 2006, 1 overall survival rates for childhood cancer have improved dramatically from 58% in the 1970s to 83%, based on the most recent data. 2 The compound impact of increasing incidence and improving survival is that, today, more than 320,000 individuals live as survivors of childhood cancer in the United States. 3Childhood cancer is not the only health challenge that many of these individuals will face in their lifetimes; a survey of the largest cohort of pediatric cancer survivors revealed that two thirds of all survivors will develop a chronic medical condition, with more than one-third experiencing a severe or lifethreatening condition. 4onetheless, the inadequacies of survivorship health care are well recognized.From the paradigmatic longitudinal cohort of childhood cancer survivorship, the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, it is clear that fewer than half of adult survivors received a cancer-related visit in the last 2 years and that patients without health insurance are most at risk for lack of appropriate follow-up. 5Among those who sought clinical follow-up, patients who were black, older at the interview, or uninsured were less likely to receive risk-based, survivor-focused care, and fewer than half received survivor-focused risk-based screening. 6Difficulty acquiring health insurance is a common problem for adult survivors of childhood cancer (29% in a separate Childhood Cancer Survivor Study had difficulty with insurance coverage) compared with only 3% in a comparison cohort of the survivors' siblings.
Time Trends in Lung Cancer Mortality Among Nonsmokers and a Note on Passive Smoking
Authors: Lawrence Garfinkel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Lung cancer mortality rates were computed for nonsmokers in the American Cancer Society's prospective study for three 4-year periods from 1960 to 1972 and in the Dorn study of veterans for three 5-year periods from 1954 to 1969. There was no evidence of any trend in these rates by 5-year age groups or for the total groups. No time trend was observed in nonsmokers for cancers of other selected sites except for a decrease in cancer of the uterus. Compared to nonsmoking women married to nonsmoking husbands, nonsmokers married to smoking husbands showed very little, if any, increased risk of lung cancer.
Application of MRI of the wrist for age determination in international U-17 soccer competitions
Authors: Jiri Dvorak, John George, Astrid Junge, Juerg Hodler
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Background: To guarantee equal chances for different age groups, age-related tournaments for male and female players have been established in soccer. However, as registration at birth is not compulsory in some countries, other methods of age determination are needed to prevent participation in the incorrect age group. Objectives: To evaluate the age of soccer players of international U-17 competitions from the degree of fusion of the distal radius and to compare the findings with an age-related normative population. Methods: MRI scans of the wrist of a representative sample of 189 players from four U-17 competitions (FIFA U-17 World Cups 2003 and 2005, and Asian (AFC) U-17 championships 2004 and 2006) were analysed using a previously published grading system. Results: Because of different regulations, all players in the AFC U-17 championships were younger than 17 years, whereas 71% of the players in the FIFA U-17 World Cup competitions were 17 years old. The distal radius of 15% of players from the AFC U-17 tournaments and 27% of the players from the FIFA U-17 tournaments were graded as completely fused on the MRI scans, which is a substantially higher percentage than in the respective age groups of a previously published normative population of soccer players. Furthermore, in contrast with the normative population, no significant correlation between the age category and the fusion grading (r = 0.13) was observed in U-17 players. Conclusion: From the MRI results, U-17 soccer players seem to be more mature than a normative population of the same age category. However, the lack of correlation between age category and degree of fusion in U-17 players supports the suspicion that the age stated in the official documents of the U-17 players examined might not be correct in all cases.
AN ANALYSIS OF FORTY-SIX CASES OF CANCER OF THE BREAST WHICH HAVE BEEN OPERATED UPON AND SURVIVED THE OPERATION FROM 5 TO 32 YEARS, WITH REMARKS UPON THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT GROWTHS, INCLUDING THE DISEASE OF THE SECOND BREAST, OPERATIVE AND OTHERWISE
Authors: T. Bryant
Journal: BMJ (1902)

URGENCY OF THE PROBLEM.With all care, and with every precaution, the premature infant will often fail to survive birth.This is very specially the case when the prematurity is due to some active or chronic malady of the mother, or to a disease or deformity of the infant himself.The ideal management of the premature infant is, of course, prevention; and, no doubt, much is pos- sible in this direction.But even if we could banish syphilis and alcoholism and lead poisoning, and the many other causes of the premature ending of pregnancy, there would still remain the infants born as a result of the therapeutic induction of premature labour.If this obstetric operation, which has always been a favourite in British practice, is to hold its own against symphysiotomy and the Caesarean section, it is essential that the infantile mortality and morbidity be greatly reduced.The problem of the premature infant is on this account a very real and a very pressing one.Further, the steady fall in the birth-rate in the British Isles as well as in some foreign countries and in our own colonies, has, so to say, caused an appreciation in the value, economic as well as sentimental, of the premature infant.When it is borne in mind that in England and Wales in I871 the birth-rate was nearly 35 per I,OOO (34.7 was the exact figure), that it had fallen to 29.3 in I899, to 28.9 in I900, and that it was as low as 28.5 in I90I, it is evident that there is a pressing need to con- serve the lives of the infants that are actually born, even although they are prematurely born.It may not be possible exactly to define their value to the State and the community, but manifestly it is greater now than it was when the birth- rate was 35 per I,ooo.The problem of the premature infant is urgent.
ALDH1-Positive Cancer Stem Cells Predict Engraftment of Primary Breast Tumors and Are Governed by a Common Stem Cell Program
Authors: Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Christophe Ginestier, François Bertucci, Olivier Cabaud, Julien Wicinski, Pascal Finetti, Emmanuelle Josselin, José Adelaide, Tien-Tuan Nguyen, Florence Monville, Jocelyne Jacquemier, Jeanne Thomassin-Piana, Guillaume Pinna, Aurélie Jalaguier, Eric Lambaudie, Gilles Houvenaeghel, Luc Xerri, Annick Harel-Bellan, Max Chaffanet, Patrice Viens, Daniel Birnbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) have been widely studied, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established in breast cancer. Here, we report the establishment of primary breast tumor-derived xenografts (PDX) that encompass the main diversity of human breast cancer and retain the major clinicopathologic features of primary tumors. Successful engraftment was correlated with the presence of ALDH1-positive CSCs, which predicted prognosis in patients. The xenografts we developed showed a hierarchical cell organization of breast cancer with the ALDH1-positive CSCs constituting the tumorigenic cell population. Analysis of gene expression from functionally validated CSCs yielded a breast CSC signature and identified a core transcriptional program of 19 genes shared with murine embryonic, hematopoietic, and neural stem cells. This generalized stem cell program allowed the identification of potential CSC regulators, which were related mainly to metabolic processes. Using an siRNA genetic screen designed to target the 19 genes, we validated the functional role of this stem cell program in the regulation of breast CSC biology. Our work offers a proof of the functional importance of CSCs in breast cancer, and it establishes the reliability of PDXs for use in developing personalized CSC therapies for patients with breast cancer.
Multislice Computed Tomography in Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Gudrun M. Feuchtner, Paul Stolzmann, Wolfgang Dichtl, Thomas Schertler, Johannes Bonatti, Hans Scheffel, Silvana Mueller, André Plass, Ludwig Mueller, Thomas Bartel, Florian Wolf, Hatem Alkadhi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Nephrotic syndrome with crescent formation and massive IgA deposition following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Shinya Kimura, Akeyo Horie, Yoshiyuki Hiki, Chie Yamamoto, Satoru Suzuki, Junya Kuroda, Masayo Deguchi, Gen-ichi Kato, Takahiro Karasuno, Akira Hiraoka, Toshikazu Yoshikawa, Taira Maekawa
Journal: Blood (2003)
BEACOPP, a new dose-escalated and accelerated regimen, is at least as effective as COPP/ABVD in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: interim report from a trial of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group.
Authors: V Diehl, J Franklin, D Hasenclever, H Tesch, M Pfreundschuh, B Lathan, U Paulus, M Sieber, J U Rueffer, M Sextro, A Engert, J Wolf, R Hermann, L Holmer, U Stappert-Jahn, E Winnerlein-Trump, G Wulf, S Krause, A Glunz, K von Kalle, H Bischoff, C Haedicke, E Duehmke, A Georgii, M Loeffler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE The HD9 trial aims to evaluate whether moderate dose escalation and/or acceleration of standard polychemotherapy is beneficial for advanced-stage Hodgkin's disease (HD). Two variants of a novel bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP) scheme (standard and escalated dose) are compared with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (COPP)/doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD). PATIENTS AND METHODS The randomized, three-arm trial recruited patients in stages IIB and IIIA with risk factors and stages IIIB and IV. BEACOPP in baseline dose contains all drug dosages of COPP/ABVD (except vincristine and procarbazine) rearranged in a shorter, 3-week cycle. Escalated BEACOPP uses higher doses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support. After eight chemotherapy cycles, initial bulky and residual disease is irradiated. The trial is monitored and analyzed by means of a sequential strategy. RESULTS An interim analysis with 505 assessable patients and a median follow-up of 23 months showed a significant inferiority (according to sequential monitoring strategy) of the COPP/ABVD regimen in progression rate and freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) compared with the pooled results of both BEACOPP variants. The 24-month FFTF rate was 75% for COPP/ABVD and 84% for BEACOPP pooled (P = .034). There was 12% progressive disease with COPP/ABVD and 6% with BEACOPP pooled. Differences in survival were not significant in sequential analysis. The acute toxicity of baseline BEACOPP resembled that of COPP/ABVD; escalated BEACOPP showed increased but manageable hematologic toxicity. CONCLUSION Combined with local irradiation, BEACOPP in one or both variants shows superior disease control compared with COPP/ABVD, with acceptable acute toxicity. Further follow-up is required to assess the effect of dosage and the effect on survival and late toxicities.
Biolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer versus sirolimus-eluting stent with durable polymer for coronary revascularisation (LEADERS): a randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: Stephan Windecker, Patrick W Serruys, Simon Wandel, Pawel Buszman, Stanislaw Trznadel, Axel Linke, Karsten Lenk, Thomas Ischinger, Volker Klauss, Franz Eberli, Roberto Corti, William Wijns, Marie-Claude Morice, Carlo di Mario, Simon Davies, Robert-Jan van Geuns, Pedro Eerdmans, Gerrit-Anne van Es, Bernhard Meier, Peter Jüni
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Filaggrin mutation mapping in the African population
Authors: B.C. Carlsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Filaggrin mutation mapping in the African population Get access B.C. Carlsen B.C. Carlsen Department of Dermato‐Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark E‐mail: bccarlsen@dadlnet.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 165, Issue 5, 1 November 2011, Pages 931–932, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10550.x Published: 01 November 2011
Plasma Glucose Levels: Long-Term Effect of Diet in the Chicago Coronary Prevention Evaluation Program
Authors: EDUARDO FARINARO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

In 150 middle-aged men prone to coronary disease, long-term data based on the Chicago Coronary Prevention Evaluation Program's diet showed that there was a favorable effect on fasting glycemia level and glucose tolerance. This diet for reducing obesity and hypercholesterolemia was low in cholesterol and saturated fat and moderate in polyunsaturated and total fat, with replacement of some fat by carbohydrate. At 2 years, decreased weight and serum cholesterol values of normoglycemic men were accompanied by a modest but significant fall in fasting and postload glycemia; at 4 years, fasting glycemia levels remained slightly below baseline. For men with suspect fasting hyperglycemia at baseline, sustained fall in weight and serum cholesterol value was associated with sizeable long-term reductions in fasting glycemia and improvement of glucose tolerance. Decrease in plasma glucose was significantly related to decrease in weight. No evidence of impairment of glucose tolerance with years-long consumption of this diet was recorded.
Differential ion mobility spectrometry for the discrimination of bacteria in vitro
Authors: Claus Steppert, Isabel Steppert, Sven Schimanski, Gunther Becher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

For several years there is much emphasis in breath analysis for the diagnosis of lung and especially infectious diseases.  It has been known for a long time that various bacteria produce characteristic smells which are caused by specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released as products of bacterial metabolism during growth. In the present in- vitro study, differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) was used as a fast, sensitive method for the identification of bacterial VOCs by bacterial cultures.  The aim of this study was to assess, whether discrimination between different bacteria by comparison of the VOC-pattern is possible.  The headspace over the cultures was examined by DMS 2, 4, 6 and 24h after incubation. For the analysis, clinical isolates of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, methicillin susceptible S. aureus und methicillin resistant S. aureus, 10 strains each, and non-inoculated culture media were used as a control. The evaluation of the VOC-pattern was based on a peak detection and cluster analysis. Changes in VOC concentration, depending on the time of incubation, were found in the headspace of the bacterial cultures. Based on VOC profiles, a significant differentiation could already be seen after two hours (Mann-Whitney U-Test; α ≤ 0,05). The generated classifiers showed discrimination between the four bacteria after 2, 4, 6 and 24h with a sensitivity of around 80% and a specificity of between 90% and 100%.  As a proof-of-concept, this study has shown encouraging results, suggesting that DMS may be a cost- effective tool for a fast identification of bacteria in cultures and possibly in exhaled breath of patients.