tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autoimmunity to Islet Cells in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: A C Powers, G S Eisenbarth
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1985)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common, disabling, and treatable. The strongest risk factor is a history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy. As PPD is one of the most common complications of childbirth, it is ...Read More
Suppression of Metastatic Colonization by the Context-Dependent Activation of the c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Kinases JNKK1/MKK4 and MKK7
Authors: Donald J. Vander Griend, Masha Kocherginsky, Jonathan A. Hickson, Walter M. Stadler, Anning Lin, Carrie W. Rinker-Schaeffer
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Advances in clinical, translational, and basic studies of metastasis have identified molecular changes associated with specific facets of the metastatic process. Studies of metastasis suppressor gene function are providing a critical mechanistic link between signaling cascades and biological outcomes. We have previously identified c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) kinase 1/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 4 (JNKK1/MKK4) as a prostate cancer metastasis suppressor gene. The JNKK1/MKK4 protein is a dual-specificity kinase that has been shown to phosphorylate and activate the JNK and p38 MAPKs in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. In this current study, we show that the kinase activity of JNKK1/MKK4 is required for suppression of overt metastases and is sufficient to prolong animal survival in the AT6.1 model of spontaneous metastasis. Ectopic expression of the JNK-specific kinase MKK7 suppresses the formation of overt metastases, whereas the p38-specific kinase MKK6 has no effect. In vivo studies show that both JNKK1/MKK4 and MKK7 suppress the formation of overt metastases by inhibiting the ability of disseminated cells to colonize the lung (secondary site). Finally, we show that JNKK1/MKK4 and MKK7 from disseminated tumor cells are active in the lung but not in the primary tumor, providing a biochemical explanation for why their expression specifically suppressed metastasis while exerting no effect on the primary tumor. Taken together, these studies contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the context-dependent function of metastasis regulatory proteins.
Sacral nerve stimulation for intractable constipation: was it really an intractable constipation?
Authors: L. Benini, A. Gabbrielli, F. Agugiaro, P. Campagnola, I. Vantini
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Background:</h3> Given its prognostic value, there is renewed interest in molecular staging in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) using immunoglobulin heavy and light chain (IgH, IgL) gene rearrangements. <h3>Aims:</h3> To compare the efficiency of DNA amplification from fresh frozen and formalin-fixed decalcified paraffin-embedded (FFDPE) bone marrow trephines for use in molecular staging using two methods. <h3>Methods:</h3> After manually extracting DNA from 13 FFDPE and 14 fresh frozen trephine biopsy specimens, two methods were used to test for amplifiability: use of the amplification control master mix supplied in the In Vivo Scribe immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) clonality kit, which creates 5 amplicons between 96–600 base pairs (bp); and real-time amplification of the β-globin gene. <h3>Results:</h3> Using the first method, the mean maximum length of amplicons generated from FFDPE trephines was statistically lower at 300 bp compared to fresh frozen samples, all of which generated amplicons up to 600 bp in size (p&lt;0.001). Real-time amplification of the β-globin gene showed that the mean crossing threshold of fresh frozen samples was statistically lower than that of FFDPE samples (23.48 (95% CI 22.47 to 24.48) vs 33.64 (95% CI 32.15 to 35.12); p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Although amplifiable DNA can be extracted from both fresh-frozen and FFDPE trephine samples for IgH/IgL analysis, freshly frozen specimens are superior as a source of template DNA, especially for higher base pair PCR products.
Canadian National Breast Screening Study-2: 13-Year Results of a Randomized Trial in Women Aged 50-59 Years
Authors: A. B. Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Background: Screening for breast cancer with mammography in women aged 50 years or more has been shown to reduce mortality from breast cancer. However, the extent to which mammography contributes to the reduction of mortality in women who also undergo physical examination of the breasts is not known. This study was designed to compare breast cancer mortality following annual screening consisting of two-view mammography and physical examination of the breasts with mortality following annual screening by physical examination only. Breast self-examination was taught to all participants. Methods: This trial randomly and individually assigned 39 405 women aged 50–59 years, recruited from January 1980 through March 1985, to one of the study arms. The women were followed by record linkage with the Canadian National Cancer Registry and National Mortality Database to December 31, 1993, and by active follow-up of breast cancer patients to June 30, 1996. Results: Randomization achieved virtually equal distribution of demographic and breast cancer risk variables. At the first annual screen, 21% of the cancers found by mammography alone (in the mammography plus physical examination group) were 20 mm or more in size compared with 46% of those found by physical examination in the mammography plus physical examination group and 56% in the physical examination-only group. The corresponding percentages for screens 2–5 were 10%, 42%, and 50%, respectively. Screening detected 267 invasive breast cancers in the mammography plus physical examination group compared with 148 in the physical examination-only group. By December 31, 1993, 622 invasive and 71 in situ breast carcinomas were ascertained in the mammography plus physical examination group, and 610 and 16 were ascertained in the physical examination-only group. At 13-year follow-up, with 107 and 105 deaths from breast cancer in the respective groups, the cumulative rate ratio was 1.02 (95% confidence interval = 0.78–1.33). Conclusion: In women aged 50–59 years, the addition of annual mammography screening to physical examination has no impact on breast cancer mortality.
Phase II Trials of the Serotonin Antagonist GR38032F for the Control of Vomiting Caused by Cisplatin
Authors: M. G. Kris, R. J. Gralla, R. A. Clark, L. B. Tyson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Phase II Trials of the Serotonin Antagonist GR38032F for the Control of Vomiting Caused by Cisplatin Get access Mark G. Kris, Mark G. Kris * Solid Tumor Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical CollegeNew York, NY *Correspondence to: Mark G. Kris, M.D., Solid Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard J. Gralla, Richard J. Gralla Solid Tumor Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical CollegeNew York, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rebecca A. Clark, Rebecca A. Clark Solid Tumor Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical CollegeNew York, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leslie B. Tyson Leslie B. Tyson Solid Tumor Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical CollegeNew York, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 1, January 1989, Pages 42–46, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.1.42 Published: 01 January 1989 Article history Received: 30 August 1988 Revision received: 11 October 1988 Accepted: 12 October 1988 Published: 01 January 1989
Balanced changes in Ca buffering by SERCA and troponin contribute to Ca handling during β-adrenergic stimulation in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Sarah J. Briston, Katharine M. Dibb, R. John Solaro, David A. Eisner, Andrew W. Trafford
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

AimsDuring activation of cardiac myocytes, less than 1% of cytosolic Ca is free; the rest is bound to buffers, largely SERCA, and troponin C. Signalling by phosphorylation, as occurs during β-adrenergic stimulation, changes the Ca-binding affinity of these proteins and may affect the systolic Ca transient. Our aim was to determine the effects of β-adrenergic stimulation on Ca buffering and to differentiate between the roles of SERCA and troponin.
The Relationship between Atopic Status and IL-10 Nasal Lavage Levels in the Acute and Persistent Inflammatory Response to Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: JONATHAN M. CORNE, LAURIE LAU, STEPHEN J. SCOTT, RHYS DAVIES, SEBASTIAN L. JOHNSTON, PETER H. HOWARTH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We examined the influence of atopy on virus-induced airway inflammation by comparing the nasal response to naturally acquired upper respiratory tract infection in atopic and nonatopic subjects by measurement of cytokine, chemokine, and mediator levels in nasal lavage from 44 adults (23 atopic) taken during the acute and the convalescent phases of the common cold. Nasal aspirates were examined for the presence of upper respiratory viruses by RT-PCR. In atopic and nonatopic subjects there were increased levels of IL-1 β , IL-6, IL-8, TNF- α , RANTES, sICAM-1, MPO, ECP, IL-10, and IFN- γ in nasal lavage during the acute compared with the convalescent phase (p < 0.001). During the acute phase histamine levels were significantly higher in the atopic than in the nonatopic subjects (p < 0.05), whereas IL-10 levels were significantly greater in the nonatopic than in the atopic subjects (p < 0.05). At convalescence levels of IL-1 β , IL-6, sICAM-1, ECP, RANTES and albumin were significantly higher in the atopic group (p < 0.05). An upper respiratory tract virus was found in 27 volunteers (61%) during the acute stage and in two volunteers (4%) at convalescence. We conclude that virus-induced inflammatory changes within the nose are more prolonged in atopic than in nonatopic subjects and that this is associated with reduced IL-10 levels in atopic compared with nonatopic subjects during the acute phase of upper respiratory tract infection.
Staging of Ciliary Body and Choroidal Melanomas Based on Anatomic Extent
Authors: Emma Kujala, Bertil Damato, Sarah E. Coupland, Laurence Desjardins, Nikolaos E. Bechrakis, Jean-Daniel Grange, Tero Kivelä
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose To refine the anatomic classification and staging of ciliary body and choroidal melanomas in the TNM classification. Patients and Methods Tumor largest basal diameter and thickness of 7,369 patients were analyzed based on registry data from five ocular oncology centers. T categories were derived empirically by dividing data into blocks representing 3- × 3-mm fractions. Blocks with similar survival were grouped together so that no T category comprised a large majority of tumors, and each was uniform in survival, using randomly drawn 60% building and 40% validation data sets. Presence of ciliary body involvement (CBI) and extraocular extension (EXE) was analyzed among 5,403 patients to define T subcategories. Stages were generated by iteratively combining subcategories with similar survival. Results Of the 7,369 tumors analyzed, 24% were classified as T1, 33% as T2, 31% as T3, and 12% as T4. Ten-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for the T categories were 89%, 77%, 58%, and 39%, respectively (P &lt; .001). Survival of patients in four subcategories based on presence or absence of CBI and EXE differed significantly within each T category (P = .018 for T1; P &lt; .001 for T2 to T4). EXE exceeding 5 mm in largest diameter carried a worse prognosis than smaller extensions (P &lt; .001) and was assigned a separate subcategory. Ten-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for stages I, IIA to IIB, and IIIA to IIIC were 88%, 80%, 67%, 45%, 27%, 10%, respectively (P &lt; .001). Conclusion This evidence-based anatomic classification provides a basis for staging ciliary body and choroidal melanomas in the seventh edition of the Cancer Staging Manual of the American Joint Committee on Cancer.
Topical nitrogen mustard therapy in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: L.M. Lindahl, M. Fenger-Grøn, L. Iversen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by abnormal proliferation and infiltration of Langerhans cells in different organs. The skin is frequently involved either as unisystem or multisystem disease.To review the clinical response and side-effects of nitrogen mustard therapy in LCH in children and adults with unisystem or multisystem disease.This retrospective study includes 10 children and four adults with LCH, treated with nitrogen mustard from 1975 to 2010. The median extent of skin involvement was 46% (range 5-100%).Overall, 13 patients had complete or partial response. Although eight patients achieved a complete response with a median time of 12·3months (range 36 days to 1·9 years), six of these patients ultimately relapsed. One patient, who had unisystem disease limited to the skin, initially showed progression of her cutaneous lesions with nitrogen mustard treatment. Although subsequently the cutaneous lesions completely regressed, concomitant systemic involvement was noted. Four other patients similarly experienced improvement of their skin lesions with treatment, but also exhibited progression of the LCH systemically. The patients were treated with other therapies prior and adjunctive to nitrogen mustard. However, five patients had progression to other organs, despite regression of skin lesions, which supports that the treatment effect in the skin is related to topical nitrogen mustard. Six patients developed contact dermatitis to nitrogen mustard.Topical nitrogen mustard can be an effective and safe therapy in both children and adults with cutaneous LCH, although relapses are common.
Optimising ankle sprain prevention: a critical review and practical appraisal of the literature
Authors: E A L M Verhagen, K Bay
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Objectives To establish the effect of preventive measures and assert the optimal prevention strategy for acute lateral ligament injury to the ankle. Methods An electronic literature search was employed to look for published randomised controlled trials, a controlled trials or time interventions containing research questions regarding the prevention of lateral ankle ligament injuries. Two reviewers reviewed relevant studies for strengths and weaknesses in design and methodology, according to a standardised set of predefined criteria. A total of 24 relevant studies met the criteria for inclusion and were analysed. Results Overall taping, bracing and neuromuscular training were all effective for the prevention of ankle-sprain recurrences. The RRs of these prophylactic measures are of similar magnitude, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 when compared with control groups. Although preventive effects have been reported in a general athletic population, evidence suggests this overall effect is due to a strong preventive effect in previously injured athletes and that any effect on fresh ankle sprains is either non-existent or very low. Conclusions Based on these outcomes, a combination of an external prophylactic measure (tape or brace) with neuromuscular training will achieve the best preventive outcomes with minimal burden for the athlete.
Müllerian Inhibiting Substance: An Instructive Developmental Hormone with Diagnostic and Possible Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Jose Teixeira, Shyamala Maheswaran, Patricia K. Donahoe
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2001)

Dr. Alfred Jost pioneered the field of reproductive endocrinology with his seminal observation that two hormones produced by the testes are required for the male embryo to develop a normal internal reproductive tract. T induces the Wolffian ducts to differentiate into epididymides, vasa deferens, and seminal vesicles. Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) causes regression of the Müllerian ducts, which in its absence would normally develop into the Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina as is observed in female embryos. This review will summarize our current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the function of MIS both as a fetal gonadal hormone that causes Müllerian duct regression and as an adult hormone, the roles for which are currently being investigated, i.e., inhibition of steroidogenesis, germ cell development, and cancer. We will also address the regulation of MIS expression as one of the first genes expressed after the commitment of the bipotential gonads to differentiate into testes under the influence of SRY, the gene on the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome. We will discuss what is known regarding MIS signal transduction, which as with other members of the TGFβ family of growth and differentiation factors, occurs through a heteromeric complex of single transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors to effect downstream signaling events, including Smad, nuclear factor-κB, β-catenin, and p16 activation. Finally, we will assess the clinical relevance of studying MIS in patients with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome and our efforts to determine the therapeutic value of MIS for patients with ovarian and other MIS receptor-expressing cancers.
Left and right atrial linear catheter ablation using a novel cooling design
Authors: S.B. Sloan, M.Y. Lee, B. Vanderbrink, M. Vecchiotti, J. Karratt, M. Maguire, J. Gaiser, A. Valencia, C. Foole, M. Homoud, M. Link, N.A.M. Estes, P.J. Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Postpartum Physical Activity and Related Psychosocial Factors Among Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ben J. Smith, N. Wah Cheung, Adrian E. Bauman, Katharina Zehle, Mark McLean
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

In this study, we examined patterns of postpartum physical activity among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and psychosocial factors related to this behavior that could be addressed in diabetes prevention interventions.A random sample of women who had attended diabetes clinics in Sydney, Australia, in the past 6-24 months for treatment of GDM were surveyed by telephone. Variables measured included physical activity behaviors, self-efficacy, social support, and barriers to participation.Of 226 women who completed the survey (mean age 33.4 years), 26.5% were classified as sedentary, and only 33.6% reported sufficient physical activity as recommended by health authorities. Walking was the most popular physical activity, and most women reported no other moderate- or vigorous-intensity activity. Lack of assistance with child care (49.1%) and insufficient time (37.6%) were the most common barriers to physical activity. The type of social support most often reported was verbal encouragement (39.1%), with more than half of the women never receiving assistance with housework or others exercising with them. Self-efficacy for physical activity was lowest when women were under time pressure or tired. Multivariate analyses showed that sufficient physical activity was associated with high social support (odds ratio 2.5 [95% CI 1.21-3.79]) and high self-efficacy (2.09 [1.06-3.20]).The prevalence of sufficient physical activity was found to be low and strongly related to social support and self-efficacy. This is an important group to whom diabetes prevention strategies can be targeted.
Esophageal Cancer Among Bantu in the Transkei<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">2</xref>
Authors: R J BURRELL
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

This is a report on a 5-year survey of esophageal cancer occurring among South African Bantu domiciled in reserves of the Transkeian Territories. Available information suggests that the disease was unknown 25 years ago; today, however, esophageal cancer is particularly rife in scattered circumscribed localities. The population investigated was 1.6 million and 1,882 cases were registered, 1,036 men and 846 women. Sixty percent of cases were diagnosed as esophageal cancer on irrefutable radiological evidence and about one third was confirmed as squamous carcinoma by biopsy or cytological examinations. The remaining 40 percent was diagnosed on clinical grounds only. A majority of the tumors was situated in the middle-third esophagus, but in older patients relatively more of their tumors occurred in the lower third. Crude morbidity and mortality rates are given, as well as mortality rates for males and females in half-decade age groups. Females show a peak mortality at 50 years of age, whereas the mortality curve for males continues to rise steeply to 60 years and beyond. Seventy-two instances (147 persons) are recorded of esophageal cancer affecting 2 or more non-blood-related members of the same homestead. Local habits, customs, and food were closely examined and are described under possible factors of environmental carcinogenization.
Hyperdynamic circulation and portal hypertension: chicken or egg?
Authors: M. Rossle
Journal: Gut (2011)

In a fluid flow network such as the portal system, flow and pressure variables can be calculated in analogy to Ohm's law. Accordingly, the portal pressure depends on the hepatic resistance and the inflow through the splanchnic arterial bed. The latter has little importance in healthy liver because of the highly compliant vascular bed of the liver which passively adapts its diameter (ie, resistance) to flow through distension or shrinking of the organ.1 Thus, doubling of the portal flow results in only minimal changes in the portal pressure. With decreasing compliance of the liver during the development of cirrhosis, the flow increasingly determines the pressure. For instance, if compliance were to approach zero, doubling of the flow would result in doubling of the pressure. Consequently, only advanced cirrhosis may provide the physical basis for the flow to be the chicken, and not the egg.

According to the ‘forward flow hypothesis’ portal hypertension is the result of both an increased hepatic resistance and an increased portal inflow.2 However, the increased hepatic resistance is seen more as an initiating event inducing an increased inflow which then causes most of the portal hypertension. The increased flow could be unrelated to the portal hypertension and could instead be the result of shunting of vasodilating substances causing a hyperdynamic state. The theory is mainly based on the rat model of portal vein constriction which showed 100% shunting and …
Circulating tumor DNA moves further into the spotlight
Authors: Mark Sausen, Sonya Parpart, Luis A Diaz
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

Assessment of somatic genomic alterations from tumors can now be performed by sequencing circulating tumor DNA from the cell-free component of blood. This procedure, which identifies tumor-derived somatic mutations from a simple blood sample, circumvents the need for tumor tissue. A recent study highlights the promise of circulating tumor DNA to guide therapeutic decisions in a variety of solid tumors for both clinical and investigative purposes, as well as providing a tool for the early detection of cancer.
World Cup is set to make many Chinese workers "sick"
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2014)

As the 2014 FIFA World Cup tournament approaches, online entrepreneurs in China have been offering solutions to a common problem facing football fans in the country: how to get around the 11 hour time difference between Beijing and Rio de Janeiro, meaning that games will air between midnight and 6 am Beijing time. 

The answer? Simply buy a sick note online, …