tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Persistent supravenous eruption induced by intravenous bortezomib therapy
Authors: J. Mataix, I. Betlloch, F. Palmero, A. Romero
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Bortezomib (Velcade®; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.) is the first of a new class of antineoplastic agents, known as proteasome inhibitors, to be approved for the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Recently, bortezomib has also shown promising single‐agent activity in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma.1 We report the first 'persistent supravenous eruption' (PSE) induced by bortezomib. Cutaneous eruption is a relatively common toxicity seen in MM patients treated with bortezomib, and recently it has been well characterized.2, 3 Typically, skin lesions induced by bortezomib are characterized by an asymptomatic maculopapular or nodular rash located on the trunk and face that appears after at least two cycles, and recurs with more severity with subsequent cycles. It usually resolves with a combination of systemic corticosteroids and antihistamines, and to prevent recurrences, it is usually necessary to administer systemic corticosteroids before every infusion of bortezomib.
Gastric anthrax with massive ascites
Authors: W. Dutz, F. Saidi, E. Kohout
Journal: Gut (1970)

A case of primary anthrax infection of the stomach with massive ascites is re- ported.Anthrax in man is usually cutaneous, resulting from contact with materials derived from in- fected livestock.Internal organs are infrequently involved.A striking feature of anthrax is the accumulation of massive, painless oedema extending far beyond the confines of the central necrotic lesion.Subsidence of this oedema heralds the healing process.Primary anthrax of the lung ('woolsorters' disease'), caused by the inhalation of spore-bearing dust, is accom- panied by pulmonary oedema.This report concerns a case of primary anthrax of the stomach, accompanied by massive ascites.Only three cases of primary anthrax of the stomach are to our knowledge recorded (Dittrich, 1891;
Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitor Ameliorates Angiotensin II–Induced Organ Damage
Authors: Anette Fiebeler, Jürg Nussberger, Erdenechimeg Shagdarsuren, Song Rong, Georg Hilfenhaus, Nidal Al-Saadi, Ralf Dechend, Maren Wellner, Silke Meiners, Christiane Maser-Gluth, Arco Y. Jeng, Randy L. Webb, Friedrich C. Luft, Dominik N. Muller
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Aldosterone and angiotensin (Ang) II both may cause organ damage. Circulating aldosterone is produced in the adrenals; however, local cardiac synthesis has been reported. Aldosterone concentrations depend on the activity of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). We tested the hypothesis that reducing aldosterone by inhibiting CYP11B2 or by adrenalectomy (ADX) may ameliorate organ damage. Furthermore, we investigated how much local cardiac aldosterone originates from the adrenal gland. Methods and Results— We investigated the effect of the CYP11B2 inhibitor FAD286, losartan, and the consequences of ADX in transgenic rats overexpressing both the human renin and angiotensinogen genes (dTGR). dTGR-ADX received dexamethasone and 1% salt. Dexamethasone-treated dTGR-salt served as a control group in the ADX protocol. Untreated dTGR developed hypertension and cardiac and renal damage and had a 40% mortality rate (5/13) at 7 weeks. FAD286 reduced mortality to 10% (1/10) and ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy, albuminuria, cell infiltration, and matrix deposition in the heart and kidney. FAD286 had no effect on blood pressure at weeks 5 and 6 but slightly reduced blood pressure at week7 (177±6 mm Hg in dTGR+FAD286 and 200±5 mm Hg in dTGR). Losartan normalized blood pressure during the entire study. Circulating and cardiac aldosterone levels were reduced in FAD286 or losartan-treated dTGR. ADX combined with dexamethasone and salt treatment decreased circulating and cardiac aldosterone to barely detectable levels. At week 7, ADX-dTGR-dexamethasone-salt had a 22% mortality rate compared with 73% in dTGR-dexamethasone-salt. Both groups were similarly hypertensive (190±9 and 187±4 mm Hg). In contrast, cardiac hypertrophy index, albuminuria, cell infiltration, and matrix deposition were significantly reduced after ADX ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— Aldosterone plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Ang II–induced organ damage. Both FAD286 and ADX reduced circulating and cardiac aldosterone levels. The present results show that aldosterone produced in the adrenals is the main source of cardiac aldosterone.
A 12-week aerobic training programme reduced plasmatic allantoin in adolescents with Down syndrome: Table 1
Authors: M Rosety-Rodriguez, I Rosety, G Fornieles-Gonzalez, A Diaz, M Rosety, F J Ordonez
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Objective To assess the influence of a 12-week training programme on plasmatic levels of allantoin, an in vivo marker for oxidative stress, in adolescents with Down syndrome. This finding would be of great interest, since oxidative damage has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism of several pathologies in this population. Materials To reach this goal, 31 male adolescents with Down syndrome (16.3 (1.1) years; 155.2 (5.7) cm; 70.8 (4.5) kg) performed a 12-week training programme, three sessions per week, consisting of warm-up (15 min) followed by a main part (20–35 min (increasing 5 min each 3 weeks)) at a work intensity of 60–75% of peak heart rate (increasing by 5% each 3 weeks) and then a cool-down period (10 min). According to previous studies, it should be emphasised that the maximal heart rate for individuals with Down syndrome was predicted by the equation HRmax = 194.5–(0.56 age). The control group included seven age-, sex- and BMI-matched adolescents with trisomy 21 that did not perform any training programme. The levels uric acid and allantoin were assayed in plasma by HPLC. This protocol was approved by an institutional ethics committee. Results When compared with baseline, plasmatic levels of allantoin were decreased significantly (22.09 (1.62) vs 18.74 (1.38) μmol/l; p&lt;0.001) after being exercised. Furthermore, the allantoin/uric acid ratio was decreased significantly (0.071 (0.006) vs 0.059 (0.004); p&lt;0.05). On the contrary, no changes were reported in controls. Conclusion A 12-week aerobic programme significantly reduced oxidative damage expressed in terms of plasmatic allantoin content in adolescents with Down syndrome. Further studies on this topic are required.
Interleukin-10 From Transplanted Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Contributes to Cardiac Protection After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jana S. Burchfield, Masayoshi Iwasaki, Masamichi Koyanagi, Carmen Urbich, Nadia Rosenthal, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) have successfully been used as a therapy for the improvement of left ventricular (LV) function after myocardial infarction (MI). It has been suggested that paracrine factors from BM-MNCs may be a key mechanism mediating cardiac protection. We previously performed microarray analysis and found that the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 was highly upregulated in human progenitor cells in comparison with adult endothelial cells and CD14 + cells. Moreover, BM-MNCs secrete significant amounts of IL-10, and IL-10 could be detected from progenitor cells transplanted in infarcted mouse hearts. Specifically, intramyocardial injection of wild-type BM-MNCs led to a significant decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) compared to hearts injected with either diluent or IL-10 knock-out BM-MNCs. Furthermore, intramyocardial injection of wild-type BM-MNCs led to a significant increase in stroke volume (SV) and rate of the development of pressure over time (+dP/dt) compared to hearts injected with either diluent or IL-10 knock-out BM-MNCs. The IL-10–dependent improvement provided by transplanted cells was not caused by reduced infarct size, neutrophil infiltration, or capillary density, but rather was associated with decreased T lymphocyte accumulation, reactive hypertrophy, and myocardial collagen deposition. These results suggest that BM-MNCs mediate cardiac protection after myocardial infarction and this is, at least in part, dependent on IL-10.
In Vivo Activation of Nude Mouse Macrophages by Human Melanoma Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A Benomar, D. Gerlier, J Doré
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Human melanoma cell lines inoculated ip in outbred nude mice were found to activate locally macrophages, which became tumoricidal for the EL 4 target cells in a 48-hour [3H]thymidine cytotoxicity assay. However, the kinetics of this activation largely depended on the tumorigenicity of the cell line used. One week after inoculation with a poorly tumorigenic cell line (PTCL), peritoneal macrophages showed a maximal tumoricidal activity, which then slowly declined to disappear on the 4th week. Macrophages obtained after inoculation of a highly tumorigenic cell line (HTCL) were also activated, but the level of their tumoricidal activity was somewhat lower and decreased more rapidly. Irradiated melanoma cells were also able to activate peritoneal macrophages. The inoculation of a higher number of melanoma cells (less than or equal to 8 X 10(7) cells) resulted in a parallel increase in the cytotoxicity of peritoneal macrophages when activated by PTCL and in a parallel decrease when activated by HTCL. Activated macrophages taken 1 week after tumor cell inoculation and further kept in vitro without additional stimulation progressively lost their tumoricidal activity, within 48 hours after being harvested from PTCL-inoculated mice and within 24 hours after being collected from HTCL-inoculated animals. These data allied to the in vivo capacity of peritoneal cells rich in activated macrophages to prevent the growth of HTCL in nude mice strongly leaned toward the idea that macrophages are involved in the tumor growth control in the absence of a specific immune response. In addition, tumor-macrophage interactions are likely to vary from tumor to tumor and may contribute to the expression of the xenografting capacity of human tumor cells.
One in six children live in relative poverty
Authors: J. O'N. Roach
Journal: BMJ (2000)

One in six of the developed world's children live in relative poverty—that is, below the national poverty line in their country—according to a new report from Unicef.

The report looked at both absolute poverty, which was defined as households with incomes below the official poverty line in the United States, and relative poverty, defined as households with an income below 50% of the median …
Survival and reproductive function of 52 women treated with surgery and bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy for ovarian yolk sac tumor
Authors: T. de La Motte Rouge, P. Pautier, P. Duvillard, A. Rey, P. Morice, C. Haie-Meder, P. Kerbrat, S. Culine, F. Troalen, C. Lhommé
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
General practice in the United Kingdom: meeting the challenges of the early 21st century
Authors: Azeem Majeed
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

In May 2013, the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) published its vision for general practice in the NHS, The 2022 GP.1 The document outlined how the RCGP saw general practice developing in the next decade, including expanding the capacity of general practice and giving general practitioners a greater role in managing the healthcare needs of the population. This includes areas such as the ageing population, multi-morbidity, dealing with frail patients with complex health needs and greater integration of primary, secondary, community and social care. The report also proposes enhanced training for general practitioners and an increase in community-based academic activity.
Factors Associated with Findings of Published Trials of Drug–Drug Comparisons: Why Some Statins Appear More Efficacious than Others
Authors: Lisa Bero, Fieke Oostvogel, Peter Bacchetti, Kirby Lee
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Published pharmaceutical industry-sponsored trials are more likely than non-industry-sponsored trials to report results and conclusions that favor drug over placebo. Little is known about potential biases in drug-drug comparisons. This study examined associations between research funding source, study design characteristics aimed at reducing bias, and other factors that potentially influence results and conclusions in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of statin-drug comparisons.This is a cross-sectional study of 192 published RCTs comparing a statin drug to another statin drug or non-statin drug. Data on concealment of allocation, selection bias, blinding, sample size, disclosed funding source, financial ties of authors, results for primary outcomes, and author conclusions were extracted by two coders (weighted kappa 0.80 to 0.97). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified associations between independent variables and favorable results and conclusions. Of the RCTs, 50% (95/192) were funded by industry, and 37% (70/192) did not disclose any funding source. Looking at the totality of available evidence, we found that almost all studies (98%, 189/192) used only surrogate outcome measures. Moreover, study design weaknesses common to published statin-drug comparisons included inadequate blinding, lack of concealment of allocation, poor follow-up, and lack of intention-to-treat analyses. In multivariate analysis of the full sample, trials with adequate blinding were less likely to report results favoring the test drug, and sample size was associated with favorable conclusions when controlling for other factors. In multivariate analysis of industry-funded RCTs, funding from the test drug company was associated with results (odds ratio = 20.16 [95% confidence interval 4.37-92.98], p < 0.001) and conclusions (odds ratio = 34.55 [95% confidence interval 7.09-168.4], p < 0.001) that favor the test drug when controlling for other factors. Studies with adequate blinding were less likely to report statistically significant results favoring the test drug.RCTs of head-to-head comparisons of statins with other drugs are more likely to report results and conclusions favoring the sponsor's product compared to the comparator drug. This bias in drug-drug comparison trials should be considered when making decisions regarding drug choice.
DIAGNOSING MENTAL DEFICIENCY IN PSYCHOTICS
Authors: LESTER DRUBIN, MARTIN SINGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

The differential diagnosis between a psychotic reaction and a psychotic reaction and mental deficiency is important because of implications regarding prognosis, treatment, and compensation benefits. In 21 patients who had been given the diagnosis of psychotic reaction and mental deficiency, re-examinations have revealed that mental deficiency could be definitely excluded in 17 or 81% of the cases. In view of these results, it would seem desirable that all patients who have previously been given a diagnosis of psychosis and mental deficiency be re-evaluated through a careful review of the clinical case history. Psychometric information should be considered valid only if obtained by a qualified examiner using an appropriate test. In 7 of 28 patients having the diagnoses of psychotic reaction and mental deficiency, no final conclusion could be reached as to the existence of mental deficiency because of inadequate or unreliable history and inability to test these patients properly. Periodic reexaminations and reviews of such patients are urged to reduce misdiagnoses of this type to a minimum.
Host origin of plastid solute transporters in the first photosynthetic eukaryotes
Authors: Heather M Tyra, Marc Linka, Andreas PM Weber, Debashish Bhattacharya
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

It is generally accepted that a single primary endosymbiosis in the Plantae (red, green (including land plants), and glaucophyte algae) common ancestor gave rise to the ancestral photosynthetic organelle (plastid). Plastid establishment necessitated many steps, including the transfer and activation of endosymbiont genes that were relocated to the nuclear genome of the 'host' followed by import of the encoded proteins into the organelle. These innovations are, however, highly complex and could not have driven the initial formation of the endosymbiosis. We postulate that the re-targeting of existing host solute transporters to the plastid fore-runner was critical for the early success of the primary endosymbiosis, allowing the host to harvest endosymbiont primary production.We tested this model of transporter evolution by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the plastid permeome in Arabidopsis thaliana. Of 137 well-annotated transporter proteins that were initially considered, 83 that are broadly distributed in Plantae were submitted to phylogenetic analysis. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that 58% of Arabidopsis transporters, including all carbohydrate transporters, are of host origin, whereas only 12% arose from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont. Four transporter genes are derived from a Chlamydia-like source, suggesting that establishment of the primary plastid likely involved contributions from at least two prokaryotic sources.Our results indicate that the existing plastid solute transport system shared by Plantae is derived primarily from host genes. Important contributions also came from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont and Chlamydia-like bacteria likely co-resident in the first algae.
Herpes zoster infection risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors
Authors: Prabha Ranganathan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

We read with interest the study conducted by Galloway and colleagues on the risk of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists versus non-biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (nbDMARDs).1 This study highlights the occurrence of common infections, such as SSTI and more uncommon infections such as HZ, when TNF antagonists and nbDMARDs are used in patients with RA with several …
Study of Stalkers
Authors: P E Mullen, M Pathé, R Purcell, G W Stuart
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

This clinical study ws devised to elucidate the behaviors, motivations, and psychopathology of stalkers.It concerned 145 stalkers referred to a forensic psychiatry center for treatment.Most of the stalkers were men (79%, N = 114), and many were unemployed (39%, N = 56); 52% (N = 75) had never had an intimate relationship. Victims included ex-partners (30%, N = 44), professional (23%, N = 34) or work (11%, N = 16) contacts, and strangers (14%, N = 20). Five types of stalkers were recognized: rejected, intimacy seeking, incompetent, resentful, and predatory. Delusional disorders were common (30%, N = 43), particularly among intimacy-seeking stalkers, although those with personality disorders predominated among rejected stalkers. The duration of stalking was from 4 weeks to 20 years (mean = 12 months), longer for rejected and intimacy-seeking stalkers. Sixty-three percent of the stalkers (N = 84) made threats, and 36% (N = 52) were assaultive. Threats and property damage were more frequent with resentful stalkers, but rejected and predatory stalkers committed more assaults. Committing assault was also predicted by previous convictions, substance-related disorders, and previous threats.Stalkers have a range of motivations, from reasserting power over a partner who rejected them to the quest for a loving relationship. Most stalkers are lonely and socially incompetent, but all have the capacity to frighten and distress their victims. Bringing stalking to an end requires a mixture of appropriate legal sanctions and therapeutic interventions.
A Peptidomimetic Targeting White Fat Causes Weight Loss and Improved Insulin Resistance in Obese Monkeys
Authors: Kirstin F. Barnhart, Dawn R. Christianson, Patrick W. Hanley, Wouter H. P. Driessen, Bruce J. Bernacky, Wallace B. Baze, Sijin Wen, Mei Tian, Jingfei Ma, Mikhail G. Kolonin, Pradip K. Saha, Kim-Anh Do, James F. Hulvat, Juri G. Gelovani, Lawrence Chan, Wadih Arap, Renata Pasqualini
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

A peptide-based drug that targets the vasculature of adipose tissue induces weight loss and improves metabolic function in spontaneously obese monkeys.
HAPTEN-SPECIFIC STIMULATION OF SECONDARY B CELLS INDEPENDENT OF T CELLS
Authors: Norman R. Klinman, Robert A. Doughty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Treatment of spleen cell suspensions from immunized mice with anti-theta serum and complement before transfer to nonimmune irradiated recipients reduced the degree of in vitro stimulation by hapten-homologous carrier complexes by 90%, but did not decrease at all the number of isolated precursor cells stimulated by hapten on heterologous carriers. Thus, secondary B cells can be stimulated by low concentrations of multiply substituted hapten-carrier complexes in the apparent complete absence of specific T cells.
Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a US Population
Authors: Stuart C Gordon, Lois E Lamerato, Loralee B Rupp, Jia Li, Scott D Holmberg, Anne C Moorman, Philip R Spradling, Eyasu H Teshale, Vinutha Vijayadeva, Joseph A Boscarino, Emily M Henkle, Nancy Oja-Tebbe, Mei Lu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
MAP Kinase Activation by Flow in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Takafumi Ishida, Timothy E. Peterson, Nicholas L. Kovach, Bradford C. Berk
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Local alterations in the hemodynamic environment regulate endothelial cell function, but the signal-transduction mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is rapidly stimulated by flow in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Integrin receptors may act as mechanotransducers, as suggested by rapid remodeling of focal adhesion complexes in response to flow. To study the role of integrins in flow-mediated MAP kinase activation, we compared the effects of β1 integrin activation (with 8A2 antibody) and flow in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Both 8A2 (3 μg/mL) and flow (shear stress, 12 dynes/cm 2 ) stimulated MAP kinase, although the flow response was faster and greater. To characterize flow-activated tyrosine kinases, tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins were immunoprecipitated and identified by Western blot. There was a time-dependent increase in phosphotyrosine content in 60- to 80-kD, 110-kD, 125- to 150-kD, and 180- to 190-kD proteins. A 125-kD protein was identified as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), suggesting that flow activates integrins. In comparison with flow, 8A2 caused less tyrosine phosphorylation of fewer proteins, although FAK was tyrosine phosphorylated. Concurrent stimulation of HUVECs with 8A2 and flow caused additive increases in MAP kinase. Antibody 8A2 increased binding of the β1 affinity–sensitive antibody, 15/7, while flow failed to increase binding of 15/7. In summary, both a β1-activating antibody and flow stimulate tyrosine kinases, leading to activation of FAK and MAP kinase signal-transduction pathways. However, the cellular responses elicited by 8A2 represent only a portion of those stimulated by flow, suggesting that “costimulatory” events such as calcium mobilization, in addition to integrin activation, mediate the HUVEC response to fluid shear stress.