tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Engagement techniques and playing level impact the biomechanical demands on rugby forwards during machine-based scrummaging
Authors: Ezio Preatoni, Keith A Stokes, Michael E England, Grant Trewartha
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Objectives This cross-sectional study investigated the factors that may influence the physical loading on rugby forwards performing a scrum by studying the biomechanics of machine-based scrummaging under different engagement techniques and playing levels. Methods 34 forward packs from six playing levels performed repetitions of five different types of engagement techniques against an instrumented scrum machine under realistic training conditions. Applied forces and body movements were recorded in three orthogonal directions. Results The modification of the engagement technique altered the load acting on players. These changes were in a similar direction and of similar magnitude irrespective of the playing level. Reducing the dynamics of the initial engagement through a fold-in procedure decreased the peak compression force, the peak downward force and the engagement speed in excess of 30%. For example, peak compression (horizontal) forces in the professional teams changed from 16.5 (baseline technique) to 8.6 kN (fold-in procedure). The fold-in technique also reduced the occurrence of combined high forces and head-trunk misalignment during the absorption of the impact, which was used as a measure of potential hazard, by more than 30%. Reducing the initial impact did not decrease the ability of the teams to produce sustained compression forces. Conclusions De-emphasising the initial impact against the scrum machine decreased the mechanical stresses acting on forward players and may benefit players’ welfare by reducing the hazard factors that may induce chronic degeneration of the spine.
Late-Occurring Stroke Among Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Leukemia and Brain Tumors: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Daniel C. Bowers, Yan Liu, Wendy Leisenring, Elizabeth McNeil, Marilyn Stovall, James G. Gurney, Leslie L. Robison, Roger J. Packer, Kevin C. Oeffinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose This report examines the incidence of and risk factors for strokes that occur in ≥ 5-year survivors of childhood leukemia and brain tumors. Patients and Methods The rate of first occurrence of self-reported late-occurring strokes was determined for leukemia survivors (n = 4,828), brain tumor survivors (n = 1,871), and a comparison group of a random sample of cancer survivor siblings (n = 3,846). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of stroke by treatment exposures were examined by multivariate analyses. Results Thirty-seven leukemia survivors and 63 brain tumor survivors reported a late-occurring stroke. The rate of late-occurring stroke for leukemia survivors was 57.9 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 41.2 to 78.7). The RR of stroke for leukemia survivors compared with the sibling comparison group was 6.4 (95% CI, 3.0 to 13.8; P &lt; .0001). The rate of late-occurring stroke for brain tumor survivors was 267.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 206.8 to 339.2). The RR of stroke for brain tumor survivors compared with the sibling comparison group was 29.0 (95% CI, 13.8 to 60.6; P &lt; .0001). Mean cranial radiation therapy (CRT) dose of ≥ 30 Gy was associated with an increased risk in both leukemia and brain tumor survivors in a dose-dependent fashion, with the highest risk after doses of ≥ 50 Gy CRT. Conclusion Survivors of childhood leukemia and brain tumors, particularly those with brain tumors treated with CRT at doses of greater than 30 Gy, are at an increased risk of stroke.
Immunological disorders in C virus chronic active hepatitis: A prospective case-control study
Authors: Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Mustapha Ben Yahia, Chantal Andre, Marie-Catherine Voisin, Liliane Intrator, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Lionel Deforges, Christophe Duvoux, Elie-Serge Zafrani, Jean Duval, Daniel Dhumeaux
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Hepatitis C virus-related chronic hepatitis may be associated with various immunological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine prospectively the prevalence of the clinical, biochemical and pathological immunological abnormalities in a series of 61 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C, compared with those in 61 age- and sex-matched control subjects without markers of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections and with those in 61 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The following investigations were systematically performed before any treatment: detection of serum cryoglobulinemia and rheumatoid factor, detection of a large variety of serum anti-tissue antibodies, biopsy of labial salivary glands, ophthalmological examination, dosage of thyroid-stimulating hormone and in vivo capillary microscopy. Cryoglobulinemia was found in 36% of the hepatitis C virus patients, four of whom had dermatological and/or neurological manifestations of vasculitis, and rheumatoid factor was present in 70%. Serum anti-tissue antibodies were detected in 41% of cases, mostly antinuclear and anti-smooth muscle antibodies. Liver-kidney microsomal and antithyroid antibodies were rare. Salivary gland lesions were found in 49% of the patients: all had lymphocytic capillaritis, sometimes associated with lymphocytic sialadenitis resembling that of Sjögren's syndrome, but without features of sicca syndrome and Ro/SSA antibodies. Five percent of the patients had lichen planus. The prevalences of cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid factor and anti-tissue antibodies were significantly higher than those in the control group and patients with chronic hepatitis B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Re: High Frequency of Multiple Melanomas and Breast and Pancreas Carcinomas in CDKN2A Mutation-Positive Melanoma Families
Authors: K. Plna, K. Hemminki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

we have previ-ously suggested such an interaction ofbreast cancer and melanoma genotypes.This database has been recently updated,providing the opportunity to increase thepower of our statistical analysis. Thepresent database includes persons bornin Sweden after 1934 (“offspring”) andtheir biological parents, totaling morethan 9.6 million individuals
532 TLR-INDUCED AND CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN NON-PARENCHYMAL LIVER CELLS
Authors: J. Wu, Z. Meng, M. Trippler, R. Broering, A. Szczeponek, U. Dittmer, D. Yang, M. Roggendorf, G. Gerken, M. Lu, J.F. Schlaak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
It's good . . . but is it ART?
Authors: Paul A. Luce, Stephen D. Goldinger, Michael S. Vitevitch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

We applaud Norris et al.'s critical review of the literature on lexical effects in phoneme decision making, and we sympathize with their attempt to reconcile autonomous models of word recognition with current research. However, we suggest that adaptive resonance theory (ART) may provide a coherent account of the data while preserving limited inhibitory feedback among certain lexical and sublexical representations.
Methods for Projecting Course of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Epidemic1
Authors: M. H. Gail, R. Brookmeyer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Three methods for projecting the short-term course of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic are discussed: (a) empirical extrapolation, (b) the method of "back calculation," and (c) projections based on compartmental models. Extrapolation, which requires only data on AIDS incidence, is based on an assumed functional form and on the supposition that previous trends will continue. The method of back calculation incorporates both information on previous AIDS incidence and knowledge about the incubation period distribution. These calculations provide some evidence of how many infections occurred during previous time intervals. Although this information is not precise, particularly for the recent past, it is sufficient to produce stable short-term projections. Compartmental models can be used to project future prevalence of infection as well as future AIDS incidence. However, such projections are very dependent on assumptions about initial numbers of individuals infected, rates of transmission, changes in high-risk behaviors over time, and assumptions about transmission among subpopulations with differing transmission rates and initial prevalence of infection. Thus, compartmental models offer insights into the trends in an epidemic but do not currently provide a practical tool for obtaining quantitative projections. We present projections for various risk groups based on the method of back calculation and discuss the use of additional epidemiologic data to obtain accurate projections a decade in advance. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988; 80: 900–911]
Prevention of Pegfilgrastim-Induced Bone Pain: A Phase III Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial of the University of Rochester Cancer Center Clinical Community Oncology Program Research Base
Authors: Jeffrey J. Kirshner, Charles E. Heckler, Michelle C. Janelsins, Shaker R. Dakhil, Judith O. Hopkins, Charlotte Coles, Gary R. Morrow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Pegfilgrastim-induced bone pain is a significant clinical problem that may result in discontinuation of pegfilgrastim and lead to less effective chemotherapy dosing. Interventions for pegfilgrastim-induced bone pain are needed.The University of Rochester Cancer Center Clinical Community Oncology Program Research Base randomly assigned 510 patients at 17 sites to receive either naproxen (500 mg two times per day) or placebo on the day of pegfilgrastim administration, continuing for 5 to 8 days after pegfilgrastim. Patients recorded pain severity (using a scale of 0 to 10) and duration in daily diaries. The primary outcome measure was the area under the curve (AUC) for pain for days 1 through 5. Secondary outcome measures included the identification of risk factors for the development of pain and response to naproxen.Patients' mean age was 55.6 years and 86% were female. Sixty-eight percent of patients had breast cancer and 10% had lung cancer. Pain reached its peak at 3 days for both groups. The mean AUC for pain was 7.71 for the placebo group and 6.04 for the naproxen group (P = .037). Naproxen reduced maximum pain from 3.40 to 2.59 (P = .005). Naproxen also reduced overall pain incidence from 71.3% to 61.1% (P = .020) and duration from 2.40 to 1.92 days (P = .009). The reduction in severe pain (> 5 on a scale of 1 to 10) from 27.0% to 19.2% was also significant (P = .048). Risk factors could not be identified to predict incidence, severity, or ability to prevent pegfilgrastim-induced bone pain.Our phase III randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial demonstrated that naproxen at a dose of 500 mg twice per day is effective in reducing the incidence and severity of pegfilgrastim-induced bone pain.
Bone mineral density in steroid-dependent asthma assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography
Authors: H. Tsugeno, M Nakai, M. Okamoto, S. Harada, T. Mifune, F. Mitsunobu, K. Ashida, Y. Hosaki, Y. Tanizaki, T. Tsuji
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Chronic use of systemic glucocorticoids results in progressive bone loss and pathologic fractures. This study identified the predictive variables for bone loss and used peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) to measure changes in cortical and trabecular bone in patients receiving systemic glucocorticoid therapy of prednisone 15.4 g. Eighty-four asthmatic patients were included in the study. Vertebral fractures were diagnosed via plain spinal radiograms. pQCT was used to measure cortical and trabecular bone mineral density. Multiple regression analysis identified variables with predictive value. The cumulative dose of glucocorticoid correlated with the bone mineral density (p&lt;0.05) and the trabecular bone density (p&lt;0.01). Among patients &gt; or = 65 yrs of age, the cumulative dose of glucocorticoid correlated with the occurrence of vertebral fractures (p&lt;0.05), total bone mineral density (p&lt;0.01) and cortical bone mineral density (p&lt;0.01). Bone mineral density in the distal radius measured by pQCT and the vertebral bodies by axis QCT were correlated, regardless of whether systemic glucocorticoids were administered. Glucocorticoid administration not only decreases trabecular but also cortical bone mineral density. Since cortical bone provides strength and stiffness, it appears that the loss of cortical bone is responsible for the increased incidence of fracture seen in patients receiving systemic glucocorticoid therapy.
Sports activities 5 years after total knee or hip arthroplasty: the Ulm Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: K Huch, K A C Müller, T Stürmer, H Brenner, W Puhl, K-P Günther
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To analyse sports activities of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) over lifetime, preoperatively, and 5 years after arthroplasty.

In a longitudinal four centre study, 809 consecutive patients with advanced OA of the hip (420) or the knee (389) joint under the age of 76 years who required …
Traumatic Grief Treatment: A Pilot Study
Authors: M K Shear, E Frank, E Foa, C Cherry, C F Reynolds, J Vander Bilt, S Masters
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The effects of a treatment program targeting debilitating grief symptoms were tested in a pilot study. METHOD: Twenty-one individuals experiencing traumatic grief were recruited for participation, and 13 completed the full 4-month protocol. The treatment protocol used imaginal re-living of the death, in vivo exposure to avoided activities and situations, and interpersonal therapy. RESULTS: Significant improvement in grief symptoms and associated anxiety and depression was observed for both completer and intent-to-treat groups. CONCLUSIONS: The traumatic grief treatment protocol appears to be a promising intervention for debilitating grief.
A homozygous Fas ligand gene mutation in a patient causes a new type of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: Manuel Del-Rey, Jesus Ruiz-Contreras, Alberto Bosque, Sara Calleja, Jose Gomez-Rial, Ernesto Roldan, Pablo Morales, Antonio Serrano, Alberto Anel, Estela Paz-Artal, Luis M. Allende
Journal: Blood (2006)
Pulmonary Artery Pressure–Flow Relations after Prostacyclin in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: VINCENT CASTELAIN, DENIS CHEMLA, MARC HUMBERT, OLIVIER SITBON, GERALD SIMONNEAU, YVES LECARPENTIER, PHILIPPE HERVÉ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Exercise tolerance improves within a few weeks after prostacyclin initiation in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension even in the absence of significant changes in resting pulmonary vascular resistance and/or in patients who fail to respond to an acute vasodilator challenge. We tested the hypothesis that this early effect of prostacyclin may be ascribable to an improved pressure–flow response of the pulmonary circulation to exercise. Pulmonary hemodynamic variables at rest and during exercise and the 6-min walking distance were determined before and after 6 wk of continuous intravenous prostacyclin treatment (11 ± 1.5 ng/kg/min) in seven patients unresponsive to an acute nitric oxide vasodilator test. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure/cardiac index coordinates obtained during exercise were pooled, and the slopes of these plots were compared using covariance analysis. All hemodynamic variables at rest were unchanged after prostacyclin. By contrast, the 6-min walking distance improved in all patients (mean increase, 81 m) and the slope of the mean pulmonary artery pressures/cardiac indexes plot decreased with prostacyclin, from 18.2 to 13.1 mm Hg/L/min/m2 (p < 0.01). These results suggest that the improvement in exercise tolerance seen after 6 wk of prostacyclin therapy may be ascribable to a decrease in incremental pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise.
NHS watchdog is failing patients and unfit for purpose, MPs are told
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The NHS’s main regulator the Care Quality Commission (CQC) is letting down the public with too wide a remit and too little capacity, MPs have been told.

The government, however, has defended the regulator saying that, despite problems in its performance since becoming operational in 2009, it is fit for purpose and the new system for regulation will not be fully embedded until 2014.

MPs on the parliamentary public accounts committee held an evidence session on 25 January for their inquiry based on a report by spending watchdog the National Audit Office about the commission, published last December ( BMJ 2011; 343:d7873, doi:10.1136/bmj.d7873).

That report concluded that the commission had not so far achieved value for money …
Beneficial Effects of a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Eating Plan on Features of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Leila Azadbakht, Parvin Mirmiran, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Tohid Azizi, Fereidoun Azizi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the effects of a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on metabolic risks in patients with the metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a randomized controlled outpatient trial conducted on 116 patients with the metabolic syndrome. Three diets were prescribed for 6 months: a control diet, a weight-reducing diet emphasizing healthy food choices, and the DASH diet with reduced calories and increased consumption of fruit, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and whole grains and lower in saturated fat, total fat, and cholesterol and restricted to 2,400 mg Na. The main outcome measures were the components of the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS—Relative to the control diet, the DASH diet resulted in higher HDL cholesterol (7 and 10 mg/dl), lower triglycerides (−18 and −14 mg/dl), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (−12 and −11 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (−6 and −7 mmHg), weight (−16 and −14 kg), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (−15 and −8 mg/dl), and weight (−16 and −15 kg), among men and women, respectively (all P &amp;lt; 0.001). The net reduction in triglycerides (−17 and −18 mg/dl), SBP (−11 and −11 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (−5 and −6 mmHg), and FBG (−4 and −6 mg/dl), weight (−16 and −15 kg), and increase in HDL (5 and 10 mg/dl) among men and women, respectively, was higher in the DASH group (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). The weight-reducing diet resulted in significant change in triglycerides (−13 and −10 mg/dl), SBP (−6 and −6 mmHg), and weight (−13 and −12 kg) among men and women, respectively (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—The DASH diet can likely reduce most of the metabolic risks in both men and women; the related mechanisms need further study.
CONFIDENTIALITY OF PSYCHIATRIC REPORTS USED IN EVALUATING SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY CLAIMS
Authors: JOSEPH LERNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

Social Security provisions prohibit the release of psychiatric and other medical reports outside the Social Security Administration, except under the most limited and compelling circumstances. By placing severe restrictions on their circulation and use, the social security law helps preserve the confidentiality of these reports. With respect to those few cases in which a compelling reason for disclosure of medical evidence may be found, however, the help of the reporting psychiatrist is needed. To minimize the potentially unfavorable impact that information in his report may have on a third party (possibly the patient himself), the psychiatrist should report only the clinical and historical data required in assessing functional capacity for work. He should also be selective in his medical phraseology, using euphemistic terms where a third party might consider more commonly used terms objectionable. Through the joint efforts of the Social Security Administration and psychiatrists, confidentiality and its benefits can be effectively maintained.
Abstract 2592: Clinical Events and MSCTA Anatomy in Anomalous Coronary Artery Arising from the Opposite Coronary Sinus (AOCOS): Relationship of the Pulmonary Valve, Slit-like Orifice, and Arterial Course
Authors: Thomas Knickelbine, Niti Aggarwal, Bjorn Flygenring, Terrance F Longe, Barry J Maron, Robert S Schwartz, John R Lesser
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Anomalous Orgin of a Coronary from the Opposite Sinus (AOCOS) is associated with myocardial infarction and sudden death. Proximal vessel variations and course can be difficult to assess by conventional angiography but can be easily imaged noninvasively by Multislice CT facilitating appropriate clinical management. Methods: We evaluated proximal vessel variations by MSCT in patients with AOCOS including the presence of a slit-like orifice, interarterial course between the aorta and pulmonary artery, relationship to the pulmonic valve, and the presence of spontaneous cardiac events. Results: 2500 cases were examined by MSCTA in pts referred for chest pain, abnormal stress testing, or acute coronary syndrome in a large volume clinical setting. There were 28 cases (1.1%) of AOCOS with 16/28 (58%) of RCA off the left cusp (2 single coronaries) and 12/28 (42%) of LCA off the right cusp (4 single coronaries). RCA off the left sinus : 14/16 with interarterial course, origin above the pulmonic valve with 2/16 interarterial but below the pulmonic valve. 9/16 had slit-like orifice, 2/16 highly angled ostium without slit-like orifice. 8/16 pts (50%) underwent CABG while 8/16 (50%) were treated medically. LCA off the right sinus : 1/12 (8%) was above the level of the pulmonic valve, none had a slit-like orifice. 5/12 (42%) had an intraseptal course below the pulmonic valve. Two pts underwent CABG. Spontaneous events : 3/28 (11%) pts initially presented with spontaneous clinical events (NSTEMI, sustained VT, acute inferior MI) attributed directly to the coronary anomaly. All three of these pts had a slit-like orifice, an origin at or above the level of the pulmonary valve, an interarterial course, and a RCA off the left sinus. Conclusion: Anomalous coronary arteries arising from the opposite sinus can be readily characterized by MSCT. MSCT can now be used to help select patients for revascularization with high risk characteristics All patients who presented with a spontaneous malignant event had a slit-like orifice, an interarterial course, and an origin at or above the pulmonic valve.