tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Potential of trans fats policies to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from coronary heart disease in England: cost effectiveness modelling study
Authors: Kirk Allen, Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard, William Hooton, Peter Diggle, Simon Capewell, Martin O’Flaherty
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine health and equity benefits and cost effectiveness of policies to reduce or eliminate trans fatty acids from processed foods, compared with consumption remaining at most recent levels in England. <b>Design</b> Epidemiological modelling study. <b>Setting</b> Data from National Diet and Nutrition Survey, Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey, Office of National Statistics, and health economic data from other published studies <b>Participants</b> Adults aged ≥25, stratified by fifths of socioeconomic circumstance. <b>Interventions</b> Total ban on trans fatty acids in processed foods; improved labelling of trans fatty acids; bans on trans fatty acids in restaurants and takeaways. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Deaths from coronary heart disease prevented or postponed; life years gained; quality adjusted life years gained. Policy costs to government and industry; policy savings from reductions in direct healthcare, informal care, and productivity loss. <b>Results</b> A total ban on trans fatty acids in processed foods might prevent or postpone about 7200 deaths (2.6%) from coronary heart disease from 2015-20 and reduce inequality in mortality from coronary heart disease by about 3000 deaths (15%). Policies to improve labelling or simply remove trans fatty acids from restaurants/fast food could save between 1800 (0.7%) and 3500 (1.3%) deaths from coronary heart disease and reduce inequalities by 600 (3%) to 1500 (7%) deaths, thus making them at best half as effective. A total ban would have the greatest net cost savings of about £265m (€361m, $415m) excluding reformulation costs, or £64m if substantial reformulation costs are incurred outside the normal cycle. <b>Conclusions</b> A regulatory policy to eliminate trans fatty acids from processed foods in England would be the most effective and equitable policy option. Intermediate policies would also be beneficial. Simply continuing to rely on industry to voluntary reformulate products, however, could have negative health and economic outcomes.
Abstract 17819: Long-term Outcomes After Cardiac Rehabilitation: Impact of a Disease Management System on Survival
Authors: Janelle Gooden, Ray W Squires, Thomas G Allison
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Prior studies have identified the benefits of a disease management system (DMS) in coronary artery disease (CAD) prevention, and we have published data showing favorable results on 3-year surrogate outcomes with DMS after cardiac rehabilitation. Hypothesis: Long-term survival in patients with CAD after cardiac rehabilitation is improved by participation in a DMS for at least 3 years post-event. Methods: We followed 503 patients enrolled consecutively in Phase II cardiac rehabilitation after an acute coronary event in 1999-2000 until 4-26-2012. Patients had the option to enroll in the DMS to be seen in follow up every 3-6 months for assessment of secondary prevention goals. Control of blood pressure and lipids, smoking cessation, dietary counseling, and exercise prescription were provided. We assessed survival by participation in DMS for at least 3-years post-event using Cox proportional hazards regression controlling for age, sex, and other factors associated with mortality. Results: 12 pati...
Psychiatrists' responses to violence: pharmacologic management of psychiatric inpatients
Authors: P S Appelbaum, A H Jackson, R I Shader
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Court decisions setting limits on the use of medication in psychiatric hospitals often assume that psychiatrists use medications inappropriately in response to patients' violent acts. No empirical data have existed to support or refute this assumption. The authors examined the types and doses of antipsychotic medications received by 45 violent patients and 48 control subjects. They found no significant differences in type and dose of medication before the violent act and no significant changes afterward. Violent patients tended to be on somewhat higher doses at discharge than control patients. The judicial concern that psychotropic medications will automatically be abused or overused is not supported by these results.
Correlation between the expression abnormalities of E-cadherin-β-catenin complex and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in early gastric cancer
Authors: T. Yoshii, Y. Miyagi, Y. Nakamura, O. Motohashi, K. Nishimura, N. Nakayama, S. Takagi, O. Kobayashi, Y. Kameda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

15105 Background: Therapy for early gastric cancer (GC) varies according to risk of LNM. When the possibility of LNM is very remote, the primary lesion can be resected by the minimally invasive endoscopic surgery only. Therefore, useful parameters predicting LNM are needed. E-cadherin, a component of the cell-cell junctional structure, is known to correlate with GC. In vitro, previous studies elucidated that disorders of cell-cell junction increased the potential of metastasis, and that phosphorylation of β-catenin by c-erbB-2 induced loss of membranous E-cadherin and β-catenin, resulting in junctional structure disorders. Here we evaluated significance of analysis of these molecules in LNM prediction in early GC. Methods: The clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expressions of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and c-erbB-2 in the primary lesion were studied in 28 patients (LNM +ve group: 14, LNM1 -ve group: 14) selected from 272 patients who underwent radical surgery for early GC between April 2000 to March 2004 at our hospital. All the patients consented to use of their stomach tissues for the clinical study afterwards. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test or χ2 test. Results: The clinicopathological features showed no significant differences between both groups. Loss of the membranous E-cadherin was noticed in 12 (85%) of the 14 LNM +ve patients, and in 8 (57%) of the 14 LNM -ve patients (p=0.209). This result was more remarkable in the intestinal type GC as the corresponding figures were 83% (5 of 6 ) and 16% (1 of 6) (p=0.083), respectively. Loss of the membranous β-catenin also showed a remarkable similar trend in the intestinal type GC, and the corresponding figures were 100% (6 of 6) and 50% (3 of 6) (p=0.182), respectively. Two patients showed over-expression of c-erbB2 and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, and both had intestinal type GC with LNM. Conclusions: These results suggested that the same molecular signal pathway - as in vitro - including E-cadherin, β-catenin, and c-erbB2 induced LNM in early GC (intestinal type). We concluded that analysis of the expressions of these molecules is useful for not only LNM prediction but also determination of the therapeutic modality especially in intestinal type early GC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Assessment of early vascular effects of the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib (SU) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weight MRI (DWI) at 3 tesla (T).
Authors: I. Desar, H. Van Laarhoven, T. Hambrock, E. Ter Voert, W. Van Der Graaf, D. Van Spronsen, J. O. Barentsz, A. Heerschap, C. Van Herpen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

3051 Background: This study assesses early vascular effects of SU in RCC pts with DCE-MRI and DWI at 3T. Methods: In 8 pts with abdominal RCC lesions, we performed 3T DCE-MRI and DWI at baseline, on d3 and d10 after start of SU. For DWI we used three gradient factors (b50-300-600 s/mm2). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were calculated for tumor and healthy liver tissue. DCE-MRI was performed after an iv bolus of Gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA using fast T1 measurements for 5 min. Mean kep and Ktrans were calculated and histogram analysis was performed. Tumor perfusion was measured after a second bolus of Gd-DTPA by dynamic T2* weighted measurements during 90 sec. VEGF plasma levels were measured on d0, d3 and d10. Results: In 8 RCC pts, SU did not result in significant changes in mean kep (s-1) and Ktrans (s-1) values in tumors or healthy liver tissue on d3 and d10. However, in 6 pts, the differences in mean kep values in tumors at d10 exceeded the repeatability coefficient. No significant kep and Ktrans histogram shift in tumor or healthy liver ROIs was observed. Two pts showed an increase in tumor mean kep values, one with objective progressive disease. All other pts had stable disease after 2 cycles of SU. In 2 pts a remarkable increase in kep values was observed in healthy liver tissue while in tumors their kep values decreased. Interestingly, ADC (x10-6 s/mm2) increased from baseline (mean 1174, range 868-1373) to d3 (mean 1315, range 1008-2097, p=0.036) and decreased to d10 (mean 1154, range 824-2005, p=0.029). D0 and d10 ADC values did not differ (p >0.1). This indicates enhanced Brownian movements of water molecules, possibly due to development of edema en necrosis which recovers at d10 due to loss of edema or organization of necrosis. VEGF plasma levels increased from baseline to day 10 (mean 0.55 ng/ml to 1.24 ng/ml, p=0.062). Conclusions: This is the first report of DWI at 3T in SU-treated RCC pts. SU significantly increased ADC at d3, with recurrence to baseline values at d10, possibly due to the development of edema and necrosis. DWI may serve as a potential biomarker for the effect of angiogenesis inhibitors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Single-center early experience of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for evaluation of high-grade dysplasia or early cancer in Barrett's esophagus.
Authors: Sachin Gopalkrishn Pai, Jyotsna Fuloria, Virendra Joshi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

56 Background: Barrett’s esophagus is a well-known risk factor for esophageal cancer. Surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and procedures like endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and radio frequency ablation (RFA) are adopted to mitigate risk of evolution to high grade dysplasia and cancer. Newer imaging modalities are expected to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide management. Here we describe our early experience with optical coherence tomography (OCT) which is an near infra-red light imaging technique for diagnosing high grade dysplasia and early stage cancer in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Methods: Patients who underwent EGD and diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus and endoscopic features worrisome for high grade dysplasia or early cancer were selected for the procedure. Patients underwent OCT for further characterizations of these lesions. Clinical and endoscopic findings, imaging studies and OCT findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: 5 patients were studied in this early series and details are tabulated below. (OCT images will accompany final presentation.) Conclusions: Early detection of high grade lesions and early cancer with image directed therapy in Barrett’s esophagus may positively impact survival. Our early experience suggests OCT is helpful in detecting cryptic dysplastic changes, especially in the aftermath of previous ablation and can guide additional endoscopic treatment. Further studies are necessary to determine efficacy of such an approach. [Table: see text]
Short versus long hospitalization: a propspective controlled study. IV. One-year follow-up results for schizophrenie patients
Authors: I D Glick, W A Hargreaves, J Drues, J A Showstack
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors compared treatment results for 141 schizophrenic patients randomly assigned to short-term or long-term hospitalization. Test results indicated that the long-term group was functioning significantly better one year after admission according to global measures only. The authors caution that the differences between the two groups, although statistically reliable, were modest and may have been confounded by the amount of psychotherapy the patients received after hospitalization. Although there appears to be a general advantage to the long-term approach, further work will be needed to identify patient subgroups for whom this more expensive treatment is cost effective.
Effect of pulmonary arterial hypertension on outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Majid Marjani, Parvaneh Baghaei, Majid Malekmohammad, Payam Tabarsi, Mohammad Reza Masjedi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objectives: Due a growing range of therapeutic options, early diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension may change survival of patients. This study performed to evaluate effect of concomitant pulmonary arterial hypertension on outcome of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: A cross sectional study of 777 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were recruited in National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tehran, Iran. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was defined as systolic pulmonary arterial pressure >30 mmHg estimated by resting transthoracic echocardiography. We assessed the relationship between pulmonary arterial hypertension on admission and survival during six months treatment of tuberculosis.

Results: Of 777 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, 74 (9.5%) had systolic pulmonary arterial pressure >30 mmHg. Ten of them (13.5%) died during treatment period in comparison to 5% among cases without pulmonary arterial hypertension (P=0.007). Logistic regression analysis confirmed this association.

Conclusion: A significant association was found between mortality and presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension among new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Therapeutic intervention may change outcome of these patients.
Leiomyomas and Leiomyosarcomas of the Kidney in 4-Day-Old aUF Rats Given Methylazoxymethanol Acetate Intraperitoneally
Authors: Melvin D. Reuber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

The effect of age and sex on the development of renal tumors was studied in inbred BUF male and female rats 4 days, 5, 8, 12, 24, or 52 weeks old. Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate was injected ip (20 mg/kg body wt) once weekly for 9 weeks. Animals 52 weeks old died from hepatic and/or renal necrosis; however, animals of other ages survived 24-42 weeks. Female rats 4 days old were susceptible to the development of leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas of the kidney, whereas 4-day-old male rats had a few leiomyomas. Adenomas and carcinomas of the kidney and nephroblastomas were not observed. It was concluded that the aglycone of cycasin, MAM, is important in the induction of leiomyosarcomas of the kidneys in 4-day-old rats.
Abstract 18841: Despite Impaired Autophagic Flux Cardiac and Mitochondrial Functions are Preserved in Aged Mice Lacking Insulin Receptors in the Whole Heart
Authors: Karla maria P Pires, Cystal Black, Brandon Henrie, Shaobo Pei, Sihem Boudina
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Ageing-dependent cardiovascular diseases have been associated with decreases turnover of long-lived molecules and cellular organelles, known as autophagy. Insulin signaling plays an important role in both cell survival and development. However, the effects of insulin signaling on mammalian aging have been little investigated.

Hypothesis: The insulin receptor is pivotal for preserving cardiac function in aging by up-regulating autophagy.

Methods: In order to address this, male mice lacking insulin receptors in the whole heart (TIRKO) and their aged-matched wild-type (WT) mice were studied at 12 weeks (young-Y) and 60 weeks (mildly old-MO) of age.

Results: Despite signs of perivascular fibrosis, MO-TIRKO mice showed a 20% decrease in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and preserved cardiac and mitochondrial function (maintained cardiac output and increased ATP/O ratios) as compares to age-matched WT. To investigate if autophagy plays a role in this matter, we measured the autophagy in heart homogenates (LC3II/I expression ratio). Interestingly, LC3II/I ratio was 50% decreased in both Y and MO-TIRKO mice, whereas MO-WT mice showed a 50% increase in this ratio. These differences were represented by a 2 fold increase LC3I levels in Y and MO-TIRKO mice, whereas LC3II levels were unchanged. This data was supported by a 50% reduction in ATG3 expression. As expected, P62 levels were also increased in TIRKO mice regardless of age. To further study autophagy flux, we generated LC3-mcherry TIRKO mice. Following either 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of fasting, 12 weeks-old LC3 mcherry-TIRKO mice showed 40% less LC3-mcherry puncta/cell, while WT mice showed a linear increase of puncta numbers with fasting.

Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that TIRKO mice are indeed protected against age-induced cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction, despite lower autophagic flux.
Tumour thickness as a predictor of neck node metastasis at presentation in early T stage squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue
Authors: A. Jamshed, R. Hussain, M. Azam, S. Hameed, M. A. Shah, M. Bilal, S. Khurram, Z. Faruqui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

15518 Background: Pakistan has one of the highest incidence of oral cancer in the world. Twenty to thirty percent of the patients have occult neck nodal metastasis at presentation. Elective treatment of neck in early T stage tongue cancer is controversial. The study was conducted to determine the risk of neck node metastasis in patients with T1 or T2 carcinoma tongue on the basis of pathological tumour thickness. Methods: The study group consisted of 20 patients with early T stage carcinoma oral tongue treated at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital and Research Centre between December 2003 - October 2005. There were 10 males and 10 female patients. The median age for the group was 54 years. All patients underwent partial glossectomy with modified neck dissection. Histopathological reports were analysed to stage the patients according to AJCC 2002 system. The glossectomy specimen were serially sectioned to determine histological thickness. Nine patients (45%) had pT1 and 11 patients (55%) had pT2 disease. Patients were divided in to three groups based on tumour thickness; Group I (tumor &lt; or = 3 mm), Group II (&gt; 3 mm but &lt; or = 9 mm) and Group III (&gt; 9 mm). Results: In patients with pT1 lesions there were 2, 3 and 4 patients in group I, II and III respectively. Pathological neck nodal metastasis were seen in 0/2 patients in group I, 1/3 patients in group II and 1/4 in group III. With pT2 lesions there were 0, 4 and 7 patients in group I, II and III respectively. Neck nodal metastasis were found in 3/4 and 3/7 in group II and III patients. The risk of neck node metastasis in patients with tumor thickness more than 3 mm was 28% (2/7 patients) for pT1 patients and 55% (6/11 patients) for patients with pT2 disease. Conclusions: Tumor thickness more than 3 mm in patients with early T stage squamous cell carcinoma oral tongue carries a high risk of neck nodal metastasis. Elective neck treatment should be considered for this group of patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Serum Prealbumin, Retinol-Binding Protein, Transferrin, and Albumin Levels in Patients With Large Bowel Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Gerard Milano, Edward H. Cooper, John C. Goligher, Geoffrey R. Giles, A. Munro Neville
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

In a study of the levels of serum prealbumin (PALB), retinol-binding protein (RBP), transferrin (TF), and albumin (ALB) in patients with large bowel cancer, critical values were established as (g/liter): PALB, 0.15; RBP, 40 X 10(-3); TF, 2.0; and ALB, 30. Values consistently below these were taken as a sign of malnutrition. The proteins in this system were interrelated and tended to show a similar pattern of change. Metastatic colon cancer caused a relatively small decline of ALB compared to the mean in tumor-free patients. PALB was the most sensitive indicator of nutrition, and its levels and rates of change had a prognostic significance. A rapid fall of PALB often occurred 2--3 months prior to the patients's death; this preterminal phase in ambulant patients was frequently heralded by a progressive rise in the level of C-reactive protein in the absence of any obvious infection.
Tobacco use and smoking knowledge: Study among medical students of 3rd and 6th year at Medicine Faculty, University of São Paulo
Authors: Renato Paceli, Stella Martins, Gustavo Faibischew Prado, Anna Morais, Elisa Lombardi, Marcos Bussacos, Mario Terra-Filho, Ubiratan de Paula Santos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: As tobacco use is a pandemic disease, behavior and training are important for medical practitioners of the future. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of smokers, the knowledge on smoking cessation techniques and the treatment among the medical students. Methods: Cross-sectional survey sample of 361 medical students from 3rd year of 2008 and 6th year of 2011 n=201 (class1) vs 3rd year of 2009 and 6th year of 2012 n=160 (class2). The questionnaire used was self-administered Global Health Professional Students Survey after translation. It was used the chi-square test with p
Clinical and pathological characteristics of basal -like breast carcinomas
Authors: F. Gago, D. R. Ciocca, B. Mendiondo, J. Orozco, O. Tello
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10768 Clinical and pathological characteristics of basal -like breast carcinomas. Background: Genetic studies have revealed different subtypes of breast carcinomas with particular molecular characteristics. Basal-like breast carcinomas are characterized by negative hormonal receptors and negative HER-2 receptor. We have compared basal-like breast carcinomas with a randomized control population selected from our data base of breast cancer. Methods: From 2127 breast invasive carcinomas, 716 were evaluated with immunohistochemical methods, considering the expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptor, HER-2 and p53 protein, between 1989 and 2005. According to the molecular classification the results were: 1) Luminal 398 (55.6%), 2) HER- 2 positive: 193 (26.9%) and 3) Basal-like 124 (17.5%). We retrospectively analyzed the age at diagnosis, menopausal status, tumor size, histological grade, histopathology, lymph node status, stage and the evolution of the breast cancer. The average follow-up was 66.2 months. The control group consisted of 170 patients. The statistical analysis was performed with chi-square test, Fisher’s test and the non parametric test of the Mac Nemar’s signs. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 52 years old. This is lower than the average age of the Tumor Register of Mendoza, that is 60 years (p: &lt; 0.01). The basal-like carcinomas predominated in premenopausal women (p = 0.07), and had a higher proportion of high tumor grade (p ≤ 0.0001) and expression of p53 protein (p=0.01). There were not significant statistical differences concerning the tumor size, the lymph node status, histopathology, and the stage at presentation. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of basal-like breast carcinomas was 71.7% and the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 83.3%. Whereas the DFS for the control group was 77.3% and the OS was 87.3%. Conclusions: The basal-like breast carcinomas are characterized by having a younger age at presentation, predominating in premenopausal women, and presenting a high tumor grade with overexpression of p53 protein. No significant financial relationships to disclose.