tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13029: Recruitment Success of the mActive Physical Activity mHealth Trial: Can Convenience Increase Enrollment of Eligible Patients and Women Into RCTs?
Authors: Seth S Martin, David I Feldman, Roger S Blumenthal, Steven R Jones, Elizabeth V Ratchford, Josef Coresh, Michael J Blaha
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is critical to clinical decision-making, but RCTs often do not meet recruitment goals, limiting power and generalizability. Only ~58% of eligible patients typically enroll in cardiovascular RCTs and certain subgroups, such as women, are commonly underrepresented. Prior work has generated the hypothesis that convenient trial designs (e.g., use of mobile follow-up) could enhance RCT participation.   Methods:  The mActive trial (NCT01917812), a 5-week blinded, randomized mHealth trial of digital activity tracking and text messaging, enrolled adult cardiology patients at a single academic medical center. Eligible participants were 18-69 year old smartphone users who reported a low amount of leisure-time physical activity on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The mActive trial differed from the traditional RCT design in that participants did not need to manually record activity or return in person to the study site. Instead, leveraging modern technology, activity data were continuously uploaded through participants’ smartphones.   Results:  mActive recruitment substantially outperformed the historical average for cardiovascular RCTs and approached the theoretical ideal (figure). Of 50 individuals who screened eligible for the mActive trial, 48 (96%) enrolled. Twenty-two women and 26 men participated with an overall mean age of 58±8 years. Participants were primarily Caucasian (78%) and from a wide variety of professions.   Conclusions:  The mActive trial recruitment experience supports the hypothesis that a trial design fostering convenience can enhance RCT participation. mActive recruited nearly all eligible participants and almost equal proportions of women and men from an adult cardiology clinic. Future trials are necessary to determine which aspects of the mActive trial can be scaled to larger and longer-term RCTs.
Abstract 4907: The Emerging technology of Yb2Ti2O7 electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor biosensors for rapid screening of targeted mutation
Authors: Jhou Cheng Han, Kao Shin Hsun, Pang Sow Neng, Pan Tung Ming, Weng Wen Hui
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Genetic mutations play an important role in the development of most cancers; thus, they have become key targets of investigation in the discovery of new biomarkers to help with cancer diagnostic and prognostic prediction, as well as monitor the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. We have now developed a technique by designing several probes that contain with different types of mutations, including substitution, insertion and deletion mutations for 6 or 12 bps (Table 1). Following this, we then mapped a colorectal cancer wild type KRAS cell line Caco2. To screen for different types of gene alterations,an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) device, incorporating a high-κ Yb2Ti2O7 sensing membrane deposited on Si substrates through co-sputtering to screen the genetic mutations, was made. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to explore the structural features of these films annealed at various temperatures. The Yb2Ti2O7 EIS device, which annealed at 900 °C, exhibited a higher sensitivity of 59.4 mV/pH (in the solutions from pH = 2 to pH = 12), a lower hysteresis voltage of 1.6 mV (in the pH = 7→4→7→10→7), and a smaller drift rate of 0.16 mV/h (in the pH = 7 buffer solution) than those of the other annealing temperatures. We successfully demonstrated that high-κYb2Ti2O7 EIS devices with DNA-immobilized alginate films were able to screen all the designed mutation probes in Caco2 cells, and there was clear distinction from wild type based lines. In addition, even the substitution mutations were presented high resolution. Current measurement system provides a simple and inexpensive method for rapid and accurate detection of genetic changes in target genes; therefore it provided the high potential to serve as a diagnosis tool in clinical practice in the future. Table 1.Design oligonucleotide probes.Oligonucleotide probessequencesTest 1wild type 24 bp5′-taggcaagagtgccttgacgatac-3′deletion 12 bp5′-taggca…………cgatac-3′deletion 6 bp5′-taggcaaga……tgacgatac-3′Test 2wild type 24 bp5′-ataggtgattttggtctagctaca-3′substitution 1 bp5′-ataggtgatttAggtctagctaca-3′insertion 6 bp5′-ataggtgattttGGGAACggtctagctaca-3′ Citation Format: Jhou Cheng Han, Kao Shin Hsun, Pang Sow Neng, Pan Tung Ming, Weng Wen Hui. The Emerging technology of Yb2Ti2O7 electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor biosensors for rapid screening of targeted mutation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4907. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4907
Heterogeneous engineered cartilage growth results from gradients of media-supplemented active TGF-β and is ameliorated by the alternative supplementation of latent TGF-β
Authors: Michael B. Albro, Robert J. Nims, Krista M. Durney, Alexander D. Cigan, Jay J. Shim, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, Clark T. Hung, Gerard A. Ateshian
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Atypical vascular lesions including angiosarcoma after breast conservation
Authors: M. L. Quan, R. Delgado, K. Van Zee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

689 Background: The development of angiosarcom (AS) after breast conservation and radiotherapy (BCT) is a rare complication of breast cancer (BC) treatment carrying a poor prognosis. We have observed an increase in the diagnosis of atypical vascular proliferation (AVP) which does not meet pathologic criteria for AS, but may represent a precursor lesion. We review our experience with AVP and AS, to further elucidate the clinical course and outcomes for patients with these lesions. Methods: Patients who underwent BCT for BC with a secondary AVP or AS of the ipsilateral breast were identified from patient records at our institution from January 1982 to May 2003. BC and AVP or AS treatment details were recorded and vascular lesion pathology reviewed. Results: 20 patients were identified, 15 had AS and 5 had AVP. Median age at initial BC diagnosis was 54 yrs (30–68). All patients had whole breast radiotherapy. Fifty-five percent (10/18) had adjuvant chemotherapy and 69% (9/13) took tamoxifen after BCT. Median age at AS and AVP diagnosis was 63 (47–74) and 53 (40–65) yrs respectively. Median time to diagnosis of AS post BC diagnosis was 81 mos (38–137) and 76 mos (54–63) for AVP. Treatment of AS was wide local excision (WLE) in 2 patients; both are NED. Total mastectomy (TM) was performed in 87% (13/15). 23% (3/13) of these women had additional chemotherapy and 7.7 % had adjuvant RT. Only 23% (3/13) experienced no recurrence at a median f/u of 21 mos (1–108). Of the 6/13 with local recurrence, 3 remain alive with disease (AWD) and 3 are NED. Of the 4/13 with distant recurrence, 3 are dead of disease (DOD), one is AWD. 8/15 patients with AS were NED at last f/u. Median f/u for patients with AVP is 15 mos (12–65). Treatment of AVP was TM in 1 patient followed by chemotherapy, she is NED. 80% (4/5) were treated with WLE. Of these, one developed recurrent AVP 1 year later. Conclusions: Post BCT AS has a grave prognosis in spite of multimodality therapy. Further follow-up is needed to better elucidate the malignant potential of AVP. With increasing use of BCT, clinicians should be aware of the spectrum of vascular lesions and the possibility that AVP is a precursor lesion with capacity to recur. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Immunising infants at risk of hepatitis B
Authors: E. H Boxall
Journal: BMJ (1995)

0Io io io 40 O 10 20 30 40 5o Week Weekly measles notifications in 1987-8 (when last measles epidemic occurred) and 1994, England and Wales their stage of development, to break chains of transmission.When the campaign was planned different methods of delivering services were costed.The cost of preventing an epidemic was estimated at around C20m for the vaccine,
Clinical Implications of the Contrasting Effects of In Vivo Thrombin Receptor Activation (Protease-Activated Receptor Type 1) on the Human Vasculature⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: John H. Cleator, Douglas E. Vaughan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Abstract P045: Western Dietary Patterns are Associated with the Prevalence of Hypertension in South Korea - The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Authors: Sanjay Rampal, Juhee Cho, Yuni Choi, Yiyi Zhang, Di Zhao, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso, Yoosoo Chang, Joao A Lima, Hocheol Shin, Seungho Ryu, Eliseo Guallar
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Diet is a complex exposure of unquestionable relevance for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. South Korea, a population with traditionally low rates of CVD, has changed in recent decades from a traditional diet to more Western and modern dietary patterns. The impact of these changes are uncertain. Hypothesis: We aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that non-traditional dietary patterns were associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension in a large sample of young and middle-aged Korean adults. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study of 220,979 adult men and women who underwent a screening health examination between January 2011 and December 2013 at the Kangbuk Samsung Total Healthcare Center in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea who did not have any history of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Diet was assessed using a validated 103-item food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis was used to derive three major dietary patterns: Western Korean, characterized by higher intakes of noodles, red meat, processed meat, raw or salted fish, shellfish, poultry, soda, and alcohol; Traditional Korean, characterized by higher intakes of vegetables, mushrooms, preserved vegetables, soya and other beans, fruits, fish, and seaweed; and Modern Korean, characterized by higher intakes of bread and cereals, milk and dairy products, snacks, and pizza, and lower intakes of alcohol, rice, and preserved vegetables. Hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Systolic hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 2.9%. In fully adjusted multivariable models, the odds ratios for hypertension comparing the 90th to the 10th percentile of dietary scores were 1.58 (95%CI 1.42, 1.75), 1.11 (95%CI 1.01, 1.21), 0.73 (95%CI 0.66, 0.81) for Western, Traditional, and Modern Korean dietary patterns, respectively. The corresponding odds ratios for systolic hypertension were 1.50 (95%CI 1.28, 1.76), 1.17 (95%CI 1.01, 1.36), and 0.68 (95%CI 0.58, 0.79), respectively. Conclusion: In this large cross-sectional study of young and middle-aged Korean men and women, diet transition to a more Western pattern, characterized by higher intake of meats and alcohol, was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and may be associated with increased CVD risk.
First implementation of frozen, capsulized faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection into clinical practice in Europe
Authors: D. Tacke, H. Wisplinghoff, A. Kretzschmar, F. Farowski, P. Koehler, J. Herweg, O.A. Cornely, M.J.G.T. Vehreschild
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
A chimeric platelet-targeted urokinase prodrug selectively blocks new thrombus formation
Authors: Rudy E. Fuentes, Sergei Zaitsev, Hyun Sook Ahn, Vincent Hayes, M. Anna Kowalska, Michele P. Lambert, Yuhuan Wang, Donald L. Siegel, Daniel W. Bougie, Richard H. Aster, Daniel D. Myers, Victoria Stepanova, Douglas B. Cines, Vladimir R. Muzykantov, Mortimer Poncz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The use of fibrinolytic agents to prevent new thrombus formation is limited by an increased risk of bleeding due to lysis of hemostatic clots that prevent hemorrhage in damaged blood vessels. We sought to develop an agent that provides thromboprophylaxis without carrying a significant risk of causing systemic fibrinolysis or disrupting hemostatic clots. We previously showed that platelet (PLT) α granule-delivered urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is highly effective in preventing thrombosis, while being associated with little systemic fibrinolysis or bleeding. Here, we generated a chimeric prodrug composed of a single-chain version of the variable region of an anti-αIIbβ3 mAb fused to a thrombin-activatable, low-molecular-weight pro-uPA (PLT/uPA-T). PLT/uPA-T recognizes human αIIbβ3 on both quiescent and activated platelets and is enzymatically activated specifically by thrombin. We found that this prodrug binds tightly to human platelets even after gel filtration, has a prolonged half-life in mice transgenic for human αIIb compared with that of uPA-T, and prevents clot formation in a microfluidic system. Importantly, in two murine injury models, PLT/uPA-T did not lyse preexisting clots, even when administration was delayed by as little as 10 minutes, while it concurrently prevented the development of nascent thrombi. Thus, PLT/uPA-T represents the prototype of a platelet-targeted thromboprophylactic agent that selectively targets nascent over preexisting thrombi.
Behaviours regarding preventive measures against pandemic H1N1 influenza among Italian healthcare workers, October 2009
Authors: G La Torre, D Di Thiene, C Cadeddu, W Ricciardi, A Boccia
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

A survey on attitudes and behaviours towards preventive measures against pandemic H1N1 influenza 2009 was carried out during the month of October 2009 in Italy through an online questionnaire adapted to the Italian situation from a similar survey of the Harvard School of Public Health in the United States (US). Results show that the intention to get vaccinated against pandemic H1N1 influenza 2009 is generally low and that there are differences in attitudes and behaviours towards preventive measures against pandemic H1N1 influenza 2009 between physicians and nurses, especially concerning vaccination. Differences relate also to sex, region of residence and marital status.
Cognitive universals and cultural variation in teaching
Authors: Sidney Strauss, Margalit Ziv, Douglas Frye
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract We address three issues: (1) There is a need for a comprehensive multidisciplinary understanding of teaching; (2) teaching is a natural cognitive ability for humans; and (3) there is a need to incorporate the mentalistic and cultural approaches to teaching. We suggest certain research studies that can help deepen our understanding of the cognition of teaching.
Can asthma control test (ACT) replace a global assessment of asthma control according to GINA guidelines
Authors: Lorenza Melosini, Federico Lorenzo Dente, Elena Bacci, Maria Laura Bartoli, Antonella Di Franco, Federica Novelli, Manuela Latorre, Vagaggini Barbara, Paggiaro Pierluigi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Asthma Control test (ACT) has been proposed as a surrogate of the assessment of asthma control, but there is controversy if it corresponds to GINA criteria (O9Byrne, ERJ 2010).   Aim:  To compare GINA assessment of asthma control and ACT score   Patients and methods:  We evaluate 68 outpatients (33 in inhaled corticoseroids, ICS, treatment, and 35 ICS-naive), with mild-to-moderate asthma. Assessment of asthma was based on symptom score (SS), rescue salbutamol (RS), PEF (MA%), pulmonary function, and asthma exacerbations in the last year (GINA guidelines).   Results:  ACT score significantly correlated with SS (r= 0.49), RS (r= 0.46) and MA% (r= 0.45), not with FEV1. ACT score only partially correlated with GINA categories of well (WC), partly (PC) and uncontrolled (UC) patients.  ACT ≥ 20 had high Positive Predictive Value for WC+PC (PPV: 78%), while ACT ≤ 19 had high Negative Predictive Value for UC (NPV: 89%).   Conclusion:  Cut-of value of ACT has a good accuracy for detecting uncontrolled asthmatics, but not for distinguish well from partly controlled asthmatics. The high correlations with data derived from 2-week diary card recording support ACT as a simple tool for the quantification of symptomatic asthma control.
High-Throughput Assay and Discovery of Small Molecules that Interrupt Malaria Transmission
Authors: David M. Plouffe, Melanie Wree, Alan Y. Du, Stephan Meister, Fengwu Li, Kailash Patra, Aristea Lubar, Shinji L. Okitsu, Erika L. Flannery, Nobutaka Kato, Olga Tanaseichuk, Eamon Comer, Bin Zhou, Kelli Kuhen, Yingyao Zhou, Didier Leroy, Stuart L. Schreiber, Christina A. Scherer, Joseph Vinetz, Elizabeth A. Winzeler
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2015)

Preventing transmission is an important element of malaria control. However, most of the current available methods to assay for malaria transmission blocking are relatively low throughput and cannot be applied to large chemical libraries. We have developed a high-throughput and cost-effective assay, the Saponin-lysis Sexual Stage Assay (SaLSSA), for identifying small molecules with transmission-blocking capacity. SaLSSA analysis of 13,983 unique compounds uncovered that >90% of well-characterized antimalarials, including endoperoxides and 4-aminoquinolines, as well as compounds active against asexual blood stages, lost most of their killing activity when parasites developed into metabolically quiescent stage V gametocytes. On the other hand, we identified compounds with consistent low nanomolar transmission-blocking activity, some of which showed cross-reactivity against asexual blood and liver stages. The data clearly emphasize substantial physiological differences between sexual and asexual parasites and provide a tool and starting points for the discovery and development of transmission-blocking drugs.
Update: mumps outbreak - New York and New Jersey, June 2009-January 2010 weekly.
Authors: P. High, E. F. Handschur, O. S. Eze, B. Montana, C. Robertson, C. Tan, J. B. Rosen, K. P. Cummings, M. K. Doll, J. R. Zucker, C. M. Zimmerman, T. Dolinsky, S. Goodell, B. Valure, C Schulte, D. Blog, E. Rausch-Phung, P. Smith, A. Baskey, G. Wallace, P. Kutty, H. McLean, K. Gallagher, R. Harpaz, G. L. Armstrong, L. Lowe
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2010)
Mutation of chromatin modifiers; an emerging hallmark of germinal center B-cell lymphomas
Authors: M A Lunning, M R Green
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Abstract Subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas align with different stages of B-cell development. Germinal center B-cell (GCB)-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL) and Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) each share molecular similarities with normal GCB cells. Recent next-generation sequencing studies have gained insight into the genetic etiology of these malignancies and revealed a high frequency of mutations within genes encoding proteins that modifying chromatin. These include activating and inactivating mutations of genes that perform post-translational modification of histones and organize chromatin structure. Here, we discuss the function of histone acetyltransferases (CREBBP, EP300), histone methyltransferases (KDM2C/D, EZH2) and regulators of higher order chromatin structure (HIST1H1C/D/E, ARID1A and SMARCA4) that have been reported to be mutated in ⩾5% of DLBCL, FL or BL. Mutations of these genes are an emerging hallmark of lymphomas with GCB-cell origins, and likely represent the next generation of therapeutic targets for these malignancies.
Abstract 15496: Combined Effect of an Interleukin-6 Gene Variant and Smoking on Endothelial Function, Inflammatory and Thrombotic Processes and Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: George Hatzis, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Evangelos Oikonomou, Antigoni Miliou, Gerasimos Siasos, Spyridon Papaioannou, Stavroula Papaoikonomou, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Charalambos Antoniades, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Dimitris Tousoulis
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Smoking is a well known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Moreover, controversial data suggest that the -174 G/C polymorphism on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene promoter (rs1800795) may represent an early marker of inflammatory activation, closely related to the initiation and evolution of atherosclerosis. However, no data exist concerning a combined effect of smoking and this IL-6 genetic variant on several aspects of inflammation and thrombosis, endothelial function and the presence of CAD. Methods: 646 subjects (361 non smokers) were subjected to appropriate genotyping. Endothelial function was assessed by the flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of brachial artery. IL-6 (pg/ml), Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a) (pg/ml), high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) (mg/l) and D-dimers (μg/l) were measured with appropriate methods. Results: An increased incidence of CAD was found among the carriers of the allele C, compared to GG homozygotes, (OR:1.59, CI:1.26-2.93, p=0.032) in smokers, while a decreased incidence was observed in non smokers (OR:0.42, CI:0.26-0.68, p&lt;0.001), after adjustment for all risk factors for CAD. The C allele carriers, compared to GG homozygotes, were associated with significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 (3.09±1.4 vs 1.3±0.7), TNF-a (5.3±2.4 vs 2.57±1.8), hsCRP (2.09±0.9 vs 1.05±0.69) in smokers as well as in non smokers (IL-6: 2.62±1.2 vs 1.64±0.89, TNF-a: 3.57±1.67 vs 4.43±2.1, hsCRP: 1.84±0.82 vs 1.62±0.77), p&lt;0.01 for all. Importantly, the C allele, compared to GG homozygotes, enhanced the expression of fibrinogen (488.3±115.1 vs 318.5±61.1 p&lt;0.001) and D-dimers (513±313.4 vs 355.1±218.4, p=0.025) in smokers, while it down-regulated the expression of fibrinogen in non-smokers (351.9±84.5 vs 479.4±126.4, p&lt;0.001). Impressively, the C allele carriers were correlated with significantly impaired endothelial function in the smoking group (3.9±2.7 vs 5.2±3.3, p=0.003), while no effect was observed among non-smokers (4.8±2.9 vs 5.04±2.6, p=0.64). Conclusions: The C allele of rs1800795 exerts a synergistic effect on smoking resulting to a significantly increased risk for CAD. This action is mediated by inflammatory and thrombotic mechanisms as well as by the impairment of endothelial function.