tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ACUTE STREPTOCOCCAL SEPTICAEMIA OCCURRING AT THE MENSTRUAL PERIOD
Authors: W. E. C. Dickson
Journal: BMJ (1907)

STREPTOCOCCAL SEPTICABMIA AT THE MENSTRUAL PERIOD.rzs 79t rigidity which is known as tonic uterine eontraction.Such a condition is very serious, and il called to a caEe the midwife can readily discover it by the condition of the patient, whose pulse will be quick, face anxious, tongue dry, temperature probably raised, uterus continuously hard, and at its lower third there will be felt a groove running transversely.This groove corresponds with a ridge on the inner side, and it is known as the ring of Bandl.Most authoriries believe that this ring marks the
Heterogeneity of Receptor Function in Colon Carcinoma Cells Determined by Cross-talk between Type I Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Authors: Yi Peter Hu, Sandip B. Patil, Michelle Panasiewicz, Wenhui Li, Jennie Hauser, Lisa E. Humphrey, Michael G. Brattain
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract This study identifies a novel cross-talk paradigm between the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colon cancer cells. IGF1R activation by ligand exposure in growth factor–deprived cells induces Akt activation in the FET, CBS, and GEO colon cancer cell lines. Investigation of IGF1R-mediated signaling pathways using small interfering RNA approaches indicated that, as expected, phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) was activated by IGF1R. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity as reflected by phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) induction was not significantly activated until later times following release of these cells from growth factor deprivation stress. The appearance of phospho-ERK was proximal to EGFR activation. Treatment of cells with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 before release from stress resulted in a concentration-dependent loss of EGFR activation, whereas treatment with the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 did not block EGFR activation, indicating that EGFR activation was downstream of the IGF1R/PI3K pathway. PD98059 inhibition of MAPK was associated with a concentration-dependent reduction in EGFR-mediated phospho-ERK. EGFR inhibitor blocked induction of phospho-ERK, showing that MAPK activity was a consequence of EGFR-mediated signaling. On the other hand, a small-molecule IGF1R inhibitor, PQIP, blocked Akt phosphorylation. The divergent signaling functions of IGF1R and EGFR suggested the potential for synergism by a combination of therapy directed at the two receptors. Combination treatment with PQIP and EGFR inhibitor Tarceva resulted in synergistic effects as indicated by combination index analysis in all three cell lines tested. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):8004–13]
Dexrazoxane Protects against Myelosuppression from the DNA Cleavage–Enhancing Drugs Etoposide and Daunorubicin but not Doxorubicin
Authors: Kenneth Francis Hofland, Annemette Vinding Thougaard, Maxwell Sehested, Peter Buhl Jensen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: The anthracyclines daunorubicin and doxorubicin and the epipodophyllotoxin etoposide are potent DNA cleavage–enhancing drugs that are widely used in clinical oncology; however, myelosuppression and cardiac toxicity limit their use. Dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) is recommended for protection against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Experimental Design: Because of their widespread use, the hematologic toxicity following coadministration of dexrazoxane and these three structurally different DNA cleavage enhancers was investigated: Sensitivity of human and murine blood progenitor cells to etoposide, daunorubicin, and doxorubicin ± dexrazoxane was determined in granulocyte-macrophage colony forming assays. Likewise, in vivo, B6D2F1 mice were treated with etoposide, daunorubicin, and doxorubicin, with or without dexrazoxane over a wide range of doses: posttreatment, a full hematologic evaluation was done. Results: Nontoxic doses of dexrazoxane reduced myelosuppression and weight loss from daunorubicin and etoposide in mice and antagonized their antiproliferative effects in the colony assay; however, dexrazoxane neither reduced myelosuppression, weight loss, nor the in vitro cytotoxicity from doxorubicin. Conclusion: Although our findings support the observation that dexrazoxane reduces neither hematologic activity nor antitumor activity from doxorubicin clinically, the potent antagonism of daunorubicin activity raises concern; a possible interference with anticancer efficacy certainly would call for renewed attention. Our data also suggest that significant etoposide dose escalation is perhaps possible by the use of dexrazoxane. Clinical trials in patients with brain metastases combining dexrazoxane and high doses of etoposide is ongoing with the aim of improving efficacy without aggravating hematologic toxicity. If successful, this represents an exciting mechanism for pharmacologic regulation of side effects from cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Impact of Onsite or Dispatched Automated External Defibrillator Use on Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jocelyn Berdowski, Marieke T. Blom, Abdennasser Bardai, Hanno L. Tan, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Rudolph W. Koster
Journal: Circulation (2011)

There have been few studies on the effectiveness of bystander automated external defibrillator (AED) use in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The objective of this study was to determine whether actual use of onsite or dispatched AED reduces the time to first shock compared with no AED use and thereby improves survival.We performed a population-based cohort study of 2833 consecutive patients with a nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest before emergency medical system arrival between 2006 and 2009. The primary outcome, neurologically intact survival to discharge, was compared by use of multivariable logistic regression analysis. An onsite AED had been applied in 128 of the 2833 cases, a dispatched AED in 478, and no AED in 2227. Onsite AED use reduced the time to first shock from 11 to 4.1 minute. Neurologically intact survival was 49.6% for patients treated with an onsite AED compared with 14.3% without an AED (unadjusted odds ratio, 5.63; 95% confidence interval, 3.91-8.10). The odds ratio remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounding (odds ratio, 2.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.77-4.18). Dispatched AED use reduced the time from call to first shock to 8.5 minutes. Neurologically intact survival was 17.2% for patients treated with a dispatched AED (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.39). Every year, onsite AEDs saved 3.6 lives per 1 million inhabitants; dispatched AEDs saved 1.2 lives.The use of an onsite AED leads to a doubling of neurologically intact survival. In our system, the survival benefit of dispatched AED use was much smaller than that of onsite AED use.
Long term smoking with age builds up excessive oxidative stress in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Authors: K Nagai
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Epithelial lining fluid plays a critical role in protecting the lung from oxidative stress, in which the oxidised status may change by ageing, smoking history, and pulmonary emphysema. <b>Methods:</b> Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on 109 young and older subjects with various smoking histories. The protein carbonyls, total and oxidised glutathione were examined in BAL fluid. <b>Results:</b> By Western blot analysis, the major carbonylated protein in the BAL fluid was sized at 68 kDa, corresponding to albumin. The amount of carbonylated albumin per mg total albumin in BAL fluid was four times higher in older current smokers and three times higher in older former smokers than in age matched non-smokers (p&lt;0.0001, p = 0.0003, respectively), but not in young smokers. Total glutathione in BAL fluid was significantly increased both in young (p = 0.006) and older current smokers (p = 0.0003) compared with age matched non-smokers. In contrast, the ratio of oxidised to total glutathione was significantly raised (72%) only in older current smokers compared with the other groups. There was no significant difference in these parameters between older smokers with and without mild emphysema. <b>Conclusions:</b> Oxidised glutathione associated with excessive protein carbonylation accumulates in the lung of older smokers with long term smoking histories even in the absence of lung diseases, but they are not significantly enhanced in smokers with mild emphysema.
Incidence of Suicide in Persons With Cancer
Authors: Stephanie Misono, Noel S. Weiss, Jesse R. Fann, Mary Redman, Bevan Yueh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

The purpose of this study was to characterize suicide rates among patients with cancer in the United States and identify patient and disease characteristics associated with higher suicide rates. Prior studies, mostly in Europe, have suggested that patients with cancer may be at increased risk for suicide, but large cohort studies comparing patients with cancer with the general population have not been performed in the United States.Patients in the study were residents of geographic areas served by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program who were diagnosed with cancer from 1973 to 2002. Comparisons with the general US population were based on mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. This was a retrospective cohort study of suicide in persons with cancer.Among 3,594,750 SEER registry patients observed for 18,604,308 person-years, 5,838 suicides were identified, for an age-, sex-, and race-adjusted rate of 31.4/100,000 person-years. In contrast, the suicide rate in the general US population was 16.7/100,000 person-years. Higher suicide rates were associated with male sex, white race, and older age at diagnosis. The highest suicide risks were observed in patients with cancers of the lung and bronchus (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 5.74; 95% CI, 5.30 to 6.22), stomach (SMR = 4.68; 95% CI, 3.81 to 5.70), oral cavity and pharynx (SMR = 3.66; 95% CI, 3.16 to 4.22), and larynx (SMR = 2.83; 95% CI, 2.31 to 3.44). SMRs were highest in the first 5 years after diagnosis with cancer.Patients with cancer in the United States have nearly twice the incidence of suicide of the general population, and suicide rates vary among patients with cancers of different anatomic sites. Further examination of the psychological experience of patients with cancer, particularly that of patients with certain types of cancer, is warranted.
Comparison of Diverse Protein Sequences of the Nuclear-Encoded Subunits of Cytochrome C Oxidase Suggests Conservation of Structure Underlies Evolving Functional Sites
Authors: J. Das
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Interspecific comparisons of protein sequences can reveal regions of evolutionary conservation that are under purifying selection because of functional constraints. Interpreting these constraints requires combining evolutionary information with structural, biochemical, and physiological data to understand the biological function of conserved regions. We take this integrative approach to investigate the evolution and function of the nuclear-encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (COX). We find that the nuclear-encoded subunits evolved subsequent to the origin of mitochondria and the subunit composition of the holoenzyme varies across diverse taxa that include animals, yeasts, and plants. By mapping conserved amino acids onto the crystal structure of bovine COX, we show that conserved residues are structurally organized into functional domains. These domains correspond to some known functional sites as well as to other uncharacterized regions. We find that amino acids that are important for structural stability are conserved at frequencies higher than expected within each taxon, and groups of conserved residues cluster together at distances of less than 5 A more frequently than do randomly selected residues. We, therefore, suggest that selection is acting to maintain the structural foundation of COX across taxa, whereas active sites vary or coevolve within lineages.
Letter from Cali. Violence in the Americas
Authors: G. I. de Roux
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Initial and Late Resistance to Imatinib in Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Are Predicted by Different Prognostic Factors: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer–Italian Sarcoma Group–Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group Study
Authors: Martine Van Glabbeke, Jaap Verweij, Paolo G. Casali, Axel Le Cesne, Peter Hohenberger, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Marcus Schlemmer, Allan T. van Oosterom, David Goldstein, Raf Sciot, Pancras C.W. Hogendoorn, Michelle Brown, Rossella Bertulli, Ian R. Judson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose The aim of this study was to identify factors predicting initial and late resistance of GI stromal tumor (GIST) patients to imatinib and to document the dose-response relationship in the prognostic subgroups. This study is based on the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer–Italian Sarcoma Group–Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group randomized trial comparing two doses of imatinib in advanced disease. Patients and Methods Initial resistance was defined as progression within 3 months of randomization, and late resistance was defined as progression beyond 3 months. Investigated cofactors include imatinib dose, age, sex, performance status, original disease site, site and size of lesions at trial entry, and baseline hematologic and biologic parameters. Results Initial resistance was recorded for 116 (12%) of 934 assessable patients and was independently predicted by the presence of lung and absence of liver metastases, low hemoglobin level, and high granulocyte count. Among 818 patients who were alive and progression free at 3 months, 347 subsequent progressions were recorded, and late resistance was independently predicted by high baseline granulocyte count, primary tumor outside of the stomach, large tumor size, and low initial imatinib dose. The impact of initial dose on late resistance was mainly significant in patients with a high baseline granulocyte count (&gt; 5.10 9 /L) and in patients with tumors of GI origin outside of the stomach and small intestine. Conclusion Our study identifies patients for whom initial and/or long-term treatment needs to be improved and patients who require a high initial dose. Correlation of these results with immunohistochemistry and molecular parameters may further help to understand the biologic mechanisms of resistance.
ALCOHOLISM, BIRTH RANK AND PARENTAL DEPRIVATION
Authors: JAN E. E. DE LINT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

An investigation of the family background data of a large sample of alcoholics indicated that a difference in birth rank reflects the presence or absence of early parental deprivation. This suggested that birth rank as an independent variable was not relevant to the etiology of alcoholism. The investigation also showed that female alcoholics sustained parental losses during early childhood much more frequently than male alcoholics. The latter finding—in conjunction with the data of other investigators on parental loss and psychosis— stimulated some speculation as to the differential importance of parental loss for each sex and suggestions for further research in this area.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: J. Milburn Jessup, Andrew Stewart, Frederick L. Greene, Bruce D. Minsky
Journal: JAMA (2005)

A 1990 National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference recommended that patients with stage III colon cancer receive adjuvant chemotherapy because survival was improved in clinical trials in patients who received a 5-fluorouracil-based regimen.
Immunoglobulin D multiple myeloma: response to therapy, survival, and prognostic factors in 75 patients
Authors: M.K. Kim, C. Suh, D.H. Lee, C.-K. Min, S.J. Kim, K. Kim, J.H. Moon, S.S. Yoon, G.-W. Lee, H.J. Kang, S.-H. Kim, C.W. Choi, H.S. Eom, J.-Y. Kwak, H.J. Kim, Y.-C. Mun, S.-M. Bang, K. Lee, H.J. Shin, J.H. Lee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Development of humanized bispecific antibodies reactive with cytotoxic lymphocytes and tumor cells overexpressing the HER2 protooncogene.
Authors: M R Shalaby, H M Shepard, L Presta, M L Rodrigues, P C Beverley, M Feldmann, P Carter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The HER2 protooncogene encodes a 185-kD transmembrane phosphoglycoproteins, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (p185HER2), whose amplified expression on the cell surface can lead to malignant transformation. Overexpression of HER2/p185HER2 is strongly correlated with progression of human ovarian and breast carcinomas. Recent studies have shown that human T cells can be targeted with bispecific antibody to react against human tumor cells in vitro. We have developed a bispecific F(ab')2 antibody molecule consisting of a humanized arm with a specificity to p185HER2 linked to another arm derived from a murine anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody that we have cloned from UCHT1 hybridoma. The antigen-binding loops for the anti-CD3 were installed in the context of human variable region framework residues, thus forming a fully humanized BsF(ab')2 fragment. Additional variants were produced by replacement of amino acid residues located in light chain complementarity determining region 2 and heavy chain framework region 3 of the humanized anti-CD3 arm. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the bispecific F(ab')2 molecules can bind specifically to cells overexpressing p185HER2 and to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells bearing the CD3 surface marker. In additional experiments, the presence of bispecific F(ab')2 caused up to fourfold enhancement in the cytotoxic activities of human T cells against tumor cells overexpressing p185HER2 as determined by a 51Cr release assay. These bispecific molecules have a potential use as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer.
Overall and income specific effect on prevalence of overweight and obesity of 20% sugar sweetened drink tax in UK: econometric and comparative risk assessment modelling study
Authors: A. D. M. Briggs, O. T. Mytton, A. Kehlbacher, R. Tiffin, M. Rayner, P. Scarborough
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To model the overall and income specific effect of a 20% tax on sugar sweetened drinks on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the UK. <b>Design</b> Econometric and comparative risk assessment modelling study. <b>Setting</b> United Kingdom. <b>Population</b> Adults aged 16 and over. <b>Intervention</b> A 20% tax on sugar sweetened drinks. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcomes were the overall and income specific changes in the number and percentage of overweight (body mass index ≥25) and obese (≥30) adults in the UK following the implementation of the tax. Secondary outcomes were the effect by age group (16-29, 30-49, and ≥50 years) and by UK constituent country. The revenue generated from the tax and the income specific changes in weekly expenditure on drinks were also estimated. <b>Results</b> A 20% tax on sugar sweetened drinks was estimated to reduce the number of obese adults in the UK by 1.3% (95% credible interval 0.8% to 1.7%) or 180 000 (110 000 to 247 000) people and the number who are overweight by 0.9% (0.6% to 1.1%) or 285 000 (201 000 to 364 000) people. The predicted reductions in prevalence of obesity for income thirds 1 (lowest income), 2, and 3 (highest income) were 1.3% (0.3% to 2.0%), 0.9% (0.1% to 1.6%), and 2.1% (1.3% to 2.9%). The effect on obesity declined with age. Predicted annual revenue was £276m (£272m to £279m), with estimated increases in total expenditure on drinks for income thirds 1, 2, and 3 of 2.1% (1.4% to 3.0%), 1.7% (1.2% to 2.2%), and 0.8% (0.4% to 1.2%). <b>Conclusions</b> A 20% tax on sugar sweetened drinks would lead to a reduction in the prevalence of obesity in the UK of 1.3% (around 180 000 people). The greatest effects may occur in young people, with no significant differences between income groups. Both effects warrant further exploration. Taxation of sugar sweetened drinks is a promising population measure to target population obesity, particularly among younger adults.
Prosaposin down-modulation decreases metastatic prostate cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion
Authors: Siyi Hu, Nathalie Delorme, Zhenzhen Liu, Tao Liu, Cruz Velasco-Gonzalez, Jone Garai, Ashok Pullikuth, Shahriar Koochekpour
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Factors responsible for invasive and metastatic progression of prostate cancer (PCa) remain largely unknown. Previously, we reported cloning of prosaposin (PSAP) and its genomic amplification and/or overexpression in several androgen-independent metastatic PCa cell lines and lymph node metastases. PSAP is the lysosomal precursor of saposins, which serve as activators for lysosomal hydrolases involved in the degradation of ceramide (Cer) and other sphingolipids. Results Our current data show that, in metastatic PCa cells, stable down-modulation of PSAP by RNA-interference via a lysosomal proteolysis-dependent pathway decreased β 1A -integrin expression, its cell-surface clustering, and adhesion to basement membrane proteins; led to disassembly of focal adhesion complex; and decreased phosphorylative activity of focal adhesion kinase and its downstream adaptor molecule, paxillin. Cathepsin D (CathD) expression and proteolytic activity, migration, and invasion were also significantly decreased in PSAP knock-down cells. Transient-transfection studies with β 1A integrin- or CathD-siRNA oligos confirmed the cause and effect relationship between PSAP and CathD or PSAP and Cer-β 1A integrin, regulating PCa cell migration and invasion. Conclusion Our findings suggest that by a coordinated regulation of Cer levels, CathD and β 1A -integrin expression, and attenuation of "inside-out" integrin-signaling pathway, PSAP is involved in PCa invasion and therefore might be used as a molecular target for PCa therapy.
Intracoronary <sup>99m</sup> Tc-Sestamibi Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography for Preoperative Evaluation of At-Risk Myocardium
Authors: David Pattison, James Westcott, Andrew Ajani, Phillip Antippa, Subodh Joshi, Elaine Lui, Francesca Langenberg, Nathan Better
Journal: Circulation (2013)