tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation of Hospital Volume to Colostomy Rates and Survival for Patients With Rectal Cancer
Authors: D. C. Hodgson, W. Zhang, A. M. Zaslavsky, C. S. Fuchs, W. E. Wright, J. Z. Ayanian
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Postoperative mortality after some types of cancer surgery is inversely related to the number of operations performed at a hospital (i.e., hospital volume). This study assessed the association of hospital volume with colostomy rates and survival for patients with rectal cancer in a large representative cohort identified from the California Cancer Registry.We identified 7257 patients diagnosed from January 1, 1994, through December 31, 1997, with stage I-III rectal cancer who underwent surgical resection. Registry data were linked to hospital discharge abstracts and ZIP-code-level data from the 1990 U.S. Census. Associations of hospital volume with permanent colostomy and 30-day mortality were assessed with the Mantel-Haenszel trend test and logistic regression. Overall survival was examined with the Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Multivariable analyses adjusted for demographic and clinical variables and patient clustering within hospitals. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided.In unadjusted analyses across decreasing quartiles of hospital volume, we observed statistically significant increases in colostomy rates (29.5%, 31.8%, 35.2%, and 36.6%; P<.001) and in 30-day postoperative mortality (1.6%, 1.6%, 2.9%, and 4.8%; P<.001) and a decrease in 2-year survival (83.7%, 83.2%, 80.9%, and 76.6%; P<.001). The adjusted risks of permanent colostomy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10 to 1.70), 30-day mortality (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.41 to 4.93), and 2-year mortality (hazard ratio = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.44) were greater for patients at hospitals in the lowest volume quartile than for patients at hospitals in the highest volume quartile. Stratification by tumor stage and comorbidity index did not appreciably affect the results. Adjusted colostomy rates varied statistically significantly (P<.001) among individual hospitals independent of volume.Rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery at high-volume hospitals were less likely to have a permanent colostomy and had better survival rates than those treated in low-volume hospitals. Identifying processes of care that contribute to these differences may improve patients' outcomes in all hospitals.
Control of Cell Growth and Survival by Enzymes of the Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway in HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Yanai Zhan, Nicole Ginanni, Michael R. Tota, Margaret Wu, Nathan W. Bays, Victoria M. Richon, Nancy E. Kohl, Eric S. Bachman, Peter R. Strack, Stefan Krauss
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

For many tumor cells, de novo lipogenesis is a requirement for growth and survival. A considerable body of work suggests that inhibition of this pathway may be a powerful approach to antineoplastic therapy. It has recently been shown that inhibition of various steps in the lipogenic pathway individually can induce apoptosis or loss of viability in tumor cells. However, it is not clear whether quantitative differences exist in the ability of lipogenic enzymes to control tumor cell survival. We present a systematic approach that allows for a direct comparison of the control of lipogenic pathway enzymes over tumor cell growth and apoptosis using different cancer cells.RNA interference-mediated, graded down-regulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway enzymes was employed in combination with measurements of lipogenesis, apoptosis, and cell growth.In applying RNA interference titrations to two lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and FAS, we show that ACC1 and FAS both significantly control cell growth and apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. These results also extend to PC-3 and A2780 cancer cells.Control of tumor cell survival by different steps in de novo lipogenesis can be quantified. Because ACC1 and FAS both significantly control tumor cell growth and apoptosis, we propose that pharmacologic inhibitors of either enzyme might be useful agents in targeting cancer cells that critically rely on fatty acid synthesis. The experimental approach described here may be extended to other targets or disease-relevant pathways to identify steps suitable for therapeutic intervention.
Speech and Survival
Authors: Barbara J. McNeil, Ralph Weichselbaum, Stephen G. Pauker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

In State T3 carcinoma of the larynx (carcinoma restricted to the vocal cords, causing complete immobility of the cords but not extending to adjacent structures), laryngectomy leads to a three-year survival rate of approximately 60 per cent and the loss of normal speech. Radiation therapy, on the other hand, leads to a lower survival (30 to 40 per cent at three years) but preserves normal or nearly normal speech. We investigated attitudes toward the quantity and quality of life in 37 healthy volunteers, interviewing 12 firefighters and 25 middle and upper management executives to determine their preferences for longevity and voice preservation. We used the principles of expected utility theory to develop a method for sharpening decisions involving tradeoffs between quantity and quality of life. Our analysis indicates that to maintain their voices, approximately 20 per cent of volunteers would choose radiation instead of surgery. These results suggest that treatment choices should be made on the basis of patients' attitudes toward the quality as well as the quantity of survival.
Autologous Transplantation and Maintenance Therapy in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Antonio Palumbo, Federica Cavallo, Francesca Gay, Francesco Di Raimondo, Dina Ben Yehuda, Maria Teresa Petrucci, Sara Pezzatti, Tommaso Caravita, Chiara Cerrato, Elena Ribakovsky, Mariella Genuardi, Anna Cafro, Magda Marcatti, Lucio Catalano, Massimo Offidani, Angelo Michele Carella, Elena Zamagni, Francesca Patriarca, Pellegrino Musto, Andrea Evangelista, Giovannino Ciccone, Paola Omedé, Claudia Crippa, Paolo Corradini, Arnon Nagler, Mario Boccadoro, Michele Cavo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

This open-label, randomized, phase 3 study compared melphalan at a dose of 200 mg per square meter of body-surface area plus autologous stem-cell transplantation with melphalan-prednisone-lenalidomide (MPR) and compared lenalidomide maintenance therapy with no maintenance therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.We randomly assigned 273 patients 65 years of age or younger to high-dose melphalan plus stem-cell transplantation or MPR consolidation therapy after induction, and 251 patients to lenalidomide maintenance therapy or no maintenance therapy. The primary end point was progression-free survival.The median follow-up period was 51.2 months. Both progression-free and overall survival were significantly longer with high-dose melphalan plus stem-cell transplantation than with MPR (median progression-free survival, 43.0 months vs. 22.4 months; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 0.61; P<0.001; and 4-year overall survival, 81.6% vs. 65.3%; hazard ratio for death, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.93; P=0.02). Median progression-free survival was significantly longer with lenalidomide maintenance than with no maintenance (41.9 months vs. 21.6 months; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.65; P<0.001), but 3-year overall survival was not significantly prolonged (88.0% vs. 79.2%; hazard ratio for death, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.15; P=0.14). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was significantly more frequent with high-dose melphalan than with MPR (94.3% vs. 51.5%), as were gastrointestinal adverse events (18.4% vs. 0%) and infections (16.3% vs. 0.8%); neutropenia and dermatologic toxic effects were more frequent with lenalidomide maintenance than with no maintenance (23.3% vs. 0% and 4.3% vs. 0%, respectively).Consolidation therapy with high-dose melphalan plus stem-cell transplantation, as compared with MPR, significantly prolonged progression-free and overall survival among patients with multiple myeloma who were 65 years of age or younger. Lenalidomide maintenance, as compared with no maintenance, significantly prolonged progression-free survival. (Funded by Celgene; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00551928.).
Carboplatin and Topotecan Combination and Myelosuppression
Authors: Giuseppe Toffoli, Roberto Sorio, Franca Sartor, Laura Raffin, Andrea Veronesi, Mauro Boiocchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.99.402 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12177117 Carboplatin and Topotecan Combination and Myelosuppression Giuseppe ToffolixGiuseppe ToffoliSearch for articles by this author , Roberto SorioxRoberto SorioSearch for articles by this author , Franca SartorxFranca SartorSearch for articles by this author , Laura RaffinxLaura RaffinSearch for articles by this author , Andrea VeronesixAndrea VeronesiSearch for articles by this author , Mauro BoiocchixMauro BoiocchiSearch for articles by this author Show More Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.99.402 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Relationship between pancreatic secretion and pancreatic blood flow
Authors: B. Goodhead, H. S. Himal, J. Zanbilowicz
Journal: Gut (1970)

An indicator fractionation technique using radioactive rubidium has been used to measure pancreatic blood flow after infusions of secretin, pancreozymin, urecholine, and pentagastrin. Secretin resulted in the production of a large volume of low viscous pancreatic juice and was associated with an increase in the cardiac output. Duodenal and pancreatic blood flow and perfusion rate were increased significantly. Blood flow to the remainder of the gastrointestinal organs was only marginally increased but the perfusion rate in each organ was increased significantly. Infusion of pancreozymin, urecholine, and pentagastrin resulted in the output of a small volume of viscous juice and was associated with no increase in cardiac output but with an increase in both pancreatic blood flow and perfusion rate.
Anatomical and Procedural Features Associated With Aortic Root Rupture During Balloon-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Marco Barbanti, Tae-Hyun Yang, Josep Rodès Cabau, Corrado Tamburino, David A. Wood, Hasan Jilaihawi, Phillip Blanke, Raj R. Makkar, Azeem Latib, Antonio Colombo, Giuseppe Tarantini, Rekha Raju, Ronald K. Binder, Giang Nguyen, Melanie Freeman, Henrique B. Ribeiro, Samir Kapadia, James Min, Gudrun Feuchtner, Ronen Gurtvich, Faisal Alqoofi, Marc Pelletier, Gian Paolo Ussia, Massimo Napodano, Fabio Sandoli de Brito, Susheel Kodali, Bjarne L. Norgaard, Nicolaj C. Hansson, Gregor Pache, Sergio J. Canovas, Hongbin Zhang, Martin B. Leon, John G. Webb, Jonathon Leipsic
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Aortic root rupture is a major concern with balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We sought to identify predictors of aortic root rupture during balloon-expandable TAVR by using multidetector computed tomography. Methods and Results— Thirty-one consecutive patients who experienced left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT)/annular/aortic contained/noncontained rupture during TAVR were collected from 16 centers. A caliper-matched sample of 31 consecutive patients without annular rupture, who underwent pre-TAVR multidetector computed tomography served as a control group. Multidetector computed tomography assessment included short- and long-axis diameters and cross-sectional area of the sinotubular junction, annulus, and LVOT, and the presence, location, and extent of calcification of the LVOT, as well. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in any preoperative clinical and echocardiographic variables. Aortic root rupture was identified in 20 patients and periaortic hematoma in 11. Patients with root rupture had a higher degree of subannular/LVOT calcification quantified by the Agatston score (181.2±211.0 versus 22.5±37.6, P &lt;0.001), and a higher frequency of ≥20% annular area oversizing (79.4% versus 29.0%, P &lt;0.001) and balloon postdilatation (22.6% versus 0.0%, P =0.005). In conditional logistic regression analysis for the matched data, moderate/severe LVOT/subannular calcifications (odds ratio, 10.92; 95% confidence interval, 3.23–36.91; P &lt;0.001) and prosthesis oversizing ≥20% (odds ratio, 8.38; 95% confidence interval, 2.67–26.33; P &lt;0.001) were associated with aortic root contained/noncontained rupture. Conclusions— This study demonstrates that LVOT calcification and aggressive annular area oversizing are associated with an increased risk of aortic root rupture during TAVR with balloon-expandable prostheses. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
A rapamycin derivative (everolimus) controls proliferation through down-regulation of truncated CCAAT enhancer binding protein β and NF-κB activity in Hodgkin and anaplastic large cell lymphomas
Authors: Franziska Jundt, Nina Raetzel, Christine Müller, Cornelis F. Calkhoven, Katharina Kley, Stephan Mathas, Andreas Lietz, Achim Leutz, Bernd Dörken
Journal: Blood (2005)
A randomized, observer-blinded trial of twice vs. three times weekly narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: H. Cameron, R.S. Dawe, S. Yule, J. Murphy, S.H. Ibbotson, J. Ferguson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article A randomized, observer‐blinded trial of twice vs. three times weekly narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for chronic plaque psoriasis Get access H. Cameron, H. Cameron Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Dr Heather Cameron. E‐mail: hcameronderm@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.S. Dawe, R.S. Dawe Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Yule, S. Yule Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Murphy, J. Murphy Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.H. Ibbotson, S.H. Ibbotson Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Ferguson J. Ferguson Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 5, 1 November 2002, Pages 973–978, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04996.x Published: 01 November 2002 Article history Accepted: 13 May 2002 Published: 01 November 2002
Individual Patient Data Analysis of Progression-Free Survival Versus Overall Survival As a First-Line End Point for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Modern Randomized Trials: Findings From the Analysis and Research in Cancers of the Digestive System Database
Authors: Qian Shi, Aimery de Gramont, Axel Grothey, John Zalcberg, Benoist Chibaudel, Hans-Joachim Schmoll, Matthew T. Seymour, Richard Adams, Leonard Saltz, Richard M. Goldberg, Cornelis J.A. Punt, Jean-Yves Douillard, Paulo M. Hoff, Joel Randolph Hecht, Herbert Hurwitz, Eduardo Díaz-Rubio, Rainer Porschen, Niall C. Tebbutt, Charles Fuchs, John Souglakos, Alfredo Falcone, Christophe Tournigand, Fairooz F. Kabbinavar, Volker Heinemann, Eric Van Cutsem, Carsten Bokemeyer, Marc Buyse, Daniel J. Sargent
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose Progression-free survival (PFS) has previously been established as a surrogate for overall survival (OS) for first-line metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Because mCRC treatment has advanced in the last decade with extended OS, this surrogacy requires re-examination. Methods Individual patient data from 16,762 patients were available from 22 first-line mCRC studies conducted from 1997 to 2006; 12 of those studies tested antiangiogenic and/or anti–epidermal growth factor receptor agents. The relationship between PFS (first event of progression or death) and OS was evaluated by using R 2 statistics (the closer the value is to 1, the stronger the correlation) from weighted least squares regression of trial-specific hazard ratios estimated by using Cox and Copula models. Results Forty-four percent of patients received a regimen that included biologic agents. Median first-line PFS was 8.3 months, and median OS was 18.2 months. The correlation between PFS and OS was modest (R 2 , 0.45 to 0.69). Analyses limited to trials that tested treatments with biologic agents, nonstrategy trials, or superiority trials did not improve surrogacy. Conclusion In modern mCRC trials, in which survival after the first progression exceeds time to first progression, a positive but modest correlation was observed between OS and PFS at both the patient and trial levels. This finding demonstrates the substantial variability in OS introduced by the number of lines of therapy and types of effective subsequent treatments and the associated challenge to the use of OS as an end point to assess the benefit attributable to a single line of therapy. PFS remains an appropriate primary end point for first-line mCRC trials to detect the direct treatment effect of new agents.
Effect of using reporting guidelines during peer review on quality of final manuscripts submitted to a biomedical journal: masked randomised trial
Authors: E. Cobo, J. Cortes, J. M. Ribera, F. Cardellach, A. Selva-O'Callaghan, B. Kostov, L. Garcia, L. Cirugeda, D. G. Altman, J. A. Gonzalez, J. A. Sanchez, F. Miras, A. Urrutia, V. Fonollosa, C. Rey-Joly, M. Vilardell
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the effect of an additional review based on reporting guidelines such as STROBE and CONSORT on quality of manuscripts. <b>Design</b> Masked randomised trial. <b>Population</b> Original research manuscripts submitted to the <i>Medicina Clínica</i> journal from May 2008 to April 2009 and considered suitable for publication. <b>Intervention</b> Control group: conventional peer reviews alone. Intervention group: conventional review plus an additional review looking for missing items from reporting guidelines. <b>Outcomes</b> Manuscript quality, assessed with a 5 point Likert scale (primary: overall quality; secondary: average quality of specific items in paper). Main analysis compared groups as allocated, after adjustment for baseline factors (analysis of covariance); sensitivity analysis compared groups as reviewed. Adherence to reviewer suggestions assessed with Likert scale. <b>Results</b> Of 126 consecutive papers receiving conventional review, 34 were not suitable for publication. The remaining 92 papers were allocated to receive conventional reviews alone (n=41) or additional reviews (n=51). Four papers assigned to the conventional review group deviated from protocol; they received an additional review based on reporting guidelines. We saw an improvement in manuscript quality in favour of the additional review group (comparison as allocated, 0.25, 95% confidence interval –0.05 to 0.54; as reviewed, 0.33, 0.03 to 0.63). More papers with additional reviews than with conventional reviews alone improved from baseline (22 (43%) <i>v</i> eight (20%), difference 23.6% (3.2% to 44.0%), number needed to treat 4.2 (from 2.3 to 31.2), relative risk 2.21 (1.10 to 4.44)). Authors in the additional review group adhered more to suggestions from conventional reviews than to those from additional reviews (average increase 0.43 Likert points (0.19 to 0.67)). <b>Conclusions</b> Additional reviews based on reporting guidelines improve manuscript quality, although the observed effect was smaller than hypothesised and not definitively demonstrated. Authors adhere more to suggestions from conventional reviews than to those from additional reviews, showing difficulties in adhering to high methodological standards at the latest research phases. To boost paper quality and impact, authors should be aware of future requirements of reporting guidelines at the very beginning of their study. <b>Trial registration and protocol</b> Although registries do not include trials of peer review, the protocol design was submitted to sponsored research projects (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, PI081903).
CT screening for lung cancer brings forward early disease. The randomised Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial: status after five annual screening rounds with low-dose CT
Authors: Zaigham Saghir, Asger Dirksen, Haseem Ashraf, Karen Skjøldstrup Bach, John Brodersen, Paul Frost Clementsen, Martin Døssing, Hanne Hansen, Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed, Klaus Richter Larsen, Jann Mortensen, Jakob Fraes Rasmussen, Niels Seersholm, Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Hanne Thorsen, Philip Tønnesen, Jesper Holst Pedersen
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> The effects of low-dose CT screening on disease stage shift, mortality and overdiagnosis are unclear. Lung cancer findings and mortality rates are reported at the end of screening in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial. <h3>Methods</h3> 4104 men and women, healthy heavy smokers/former smokers were randomised to five annual low-dose CT screenings or no screening. Two experienced chest radiologists read all CT scans and registered the location, size and morphology of nodules. Nodules between 5 and 15 mm without benign characteristics were rescanned after 3 months. Growing nodules (&gt;25% volume increase and/or volume doubling time&lt;400 days) and nodules &gt;15 mm were referred for diagnostic workup. In the control group, lung cancers were diagnosed and treated outside the study by the usual clinical practice. <h3>Results</h3> Participation rates were high in both groups (screening: 95.5%; control: 93.0%; p&lt;0.001). Lung cancer detection rate was 0.83% at baseline and mean annual detection rate was 0.67% at incidence rounds (p=0.535). More lung cancers were diagnosed in the screening group (69 vs 24, p&lt;0.001), and more were low stage (48 vs 21 stage I–IIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and limited stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC), p=0.002), whereas frequencies of high-stage lung cancer were the same (21 vs 16 stage IIIA–IV NSCLC and extensive stage SCLC, p=0.509). At the end of screening, 61 patients died in the screening group and 42 in the control group (p=0.059). 15 and 11 died of lung cancer, respectively (p=0.428). <h3>Conclusion</h3> CT screening for lung cancer brings forward early disease, and at this point no stage shift or reduction in mortality was observed. More lung cancers were diagnosed in the screening group, indicating some degree of overdiagnosis and need for longer follow-up.