tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Promoting Informed Choice: Transforming Health Care To Dispense Knowledge for Decision Making
Authors: Steven H. Woolf, Evelyn C.Y. Chan, Russell Harris, Stacey L. Sheridan, Clarence H. Braddock, Robert M. Kaplan, Alex Krist, Annette M. O'Connor, Sean Tunis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Ours is an era in which patients seek greater engagement in health care choices, increasing the demand for high-quality information about clinical options. Providing support for informed choice is not straightforward, however, because of challenges faced by clinicians, health systems, and consumers. Greater use of written or electronic tools can help to clarify choices for patients, but decision aids cannot replace the human element in facilitating informed choice. The ideal solution is to couple information with high-quality decision counseling to help patients understand the potential risks, benefits, and uncertainties of clinical options and to assist them in selecting the option that best accommodates their personal preferences. Decision counseling can be offered by 3 types of providers: clinicians who lack formal informed-choice training ("usual care"), clinicians with formal informed-choice training, or trained third parties who function as impartial decision counselors. Controlled studies are needed to determine which model is best, but none appears to be ideal. The health care system cannot truly support informed decision making without correcting the underlying obstacles that impede patient access to needed information. New information technology solutions, training programs, and reimbursement schemes are necessary. Patient demand for guidance will only increase as clinical options multiply and the world of information continues its rapid growth. Today's health care system is unprepared for the convergence of these 2 burgeoning domains, and the need to address systemic deficiencies will grow more urgent over time.
Asbestosis, pleural plaques and diffuse pleural thickening: three distinct benign responses to asbestos exposure
Authors: PA Gevenois, V de Maertelaer, A Madani, C Winant, G Sergent, P De Vuyst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The aim of this study was to investigate by computed tomography (CT) whether asbestosis, diffuse pleural thickening and/or pleural plaques are statistically associated. We also tried to find criteria to differentiate between diffuse and circumscribed pleural thickening. From 231 exposed workers, only those subjects whose radiograph showed neither bilateral calcified pleural plaques nor small pulmonary opacities higher than 1/1 grade according to the 1980 International Labour Office (ILO) Classification were considered. Scans were assessed for the presence of subpleural curvilinear lines, septal and intralobular lines, parenchymal bands, honeycombing, rounded atelectasis, pleural plaques and diffuse pleural thickening. CT scans revealed pleural and/or lung abnormalities in 99 workers. Pleural plaques were unilateral in one-third of cases with plaques. Diffuse pleural thickening, parenchymal bands and rounded atelectasis were unilateral in, respectively, 62 and 69 and 75% of cases with the abnormality. Septal and intralobular lines, and honeycombing were always bilateral. CT signs could be grouped into three patterns: 1) septal and intralobular lines, and honeycombing corresponding to pulmonary fibrosis; 2) pleural plaques corresponding to parietal pleural fibrosis; and 3) diffuse pleural thickening, rounded atelectasis and parenchymal bands corresponding to visceral pleural fibrosis. In these workers with a normal or near-normal radiograph, three groups of subjects with different responses were distinguished. Crow's feet and rounded atelectasis help to differentiate plaques from diffuse thickening.
The Interpersonal Dimension of Borderline Personality Disorder: Toward a Neuropeptide Model
Authors: Barbara Stanley, Larry J Siever
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by affective instability, impulsivity, identity diffusion, and interpersonal dysfunction. Perceived rejection and loss often serve as triggers to impulsive, suicidal, and self-injurious behavior, affective reactivity, and angry outbursts, suggesting that the attachment and affiliative system may be implicated in the disorder. Neuropeptides, including the opioids, oxytocin, and vasopressin, serve a crucial role in the regulation of affiliative behaviors and thus may be altered in borderline personality disorder. While clinical data are limited, the authors propose alternative neuropeptide models of borderline personality disorder and review relevant preclinical research supporting the role of altered neuropeptide function in this disorder in the hope of stimulating more basic research and the development of new treatment approaches.
Routine Omission of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Merkel Cell Carcinoma ≤ 1 cm Is Not Justified
Authors: Amod A. Sarnaik, Jonathan S. Zager, L. Elizabeth Cox, Tatiana M. Ochoa, Jane L. Messina, Vernon K. Sondak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Stokes et al 1 recently reported a retrospective review of resected primary Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) utilizing the Department of Veterans' Affairs national health care database.The authors report 213 patients who had a resection of their primary MCC as well as an assessment of the regional lymph nodes by either sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) or complete lymphadenectomy (CLD).The patients were stratified into three groups based on the diameter of the primary tumor.The authors report that in the subgroup of 54
BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PREPARATIONS OF PR8 INFLUENZA VIRUS
Authors: Max A. Lauffer, W. M. Stanley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

The biophysical properties of several preparations of PR8 influenza virus have been studied. Electron micrographs showed slightly irregular, circular particles with an average diameter of 115 mmicro and a standard deviation of the distribution of diameters of 15 per cent. The specific volume was determined with a pycnometer to be 0.79. The sedimentation rate was found to vary inversely with the concentration of virus. The extrapolated value for one preparation was 722 Svedberg units and the value for another preparation was 658 units. Sedimentation studies in sucrose solutions of varying densities showed a non-linear dependence of sedimentation rate upon solvent density, indicating that the density in solution increases with increasing sugar concentration. The virus particles floated in a sugar solution with a density of 1.18. The density in the absence of sucrose was estimated to be about 1.1. The virus was shown not to lose infectivity very rapidly in sucrose solutions. The spreading of the boundary during sedimentation was shown to be represented by a standard deviation of the sedimentation rate equal to 8 per cent of the mean. This corresponds to a distribution of diameters with a standard deviation of 4 per cent of the mean. A more slowly sedimenting component was observed with the ultracentrifuge in the highest concentrations of several of the preparations. The intrinsic viscosities, calculated on the basis of concentrations expressed as grams per cubic centimeter, of several highly purified preparations were determined to be between 11.3 and 16.5. The variation of sedimentation rate with concentration was shown to be due entirely to the variation of solution viscosity with concentration. The viscosity of the virus preparations can be explained as being due in great part to the presence of the slower sedimenting contaminating components which possess a very high intrinsic viscosity. The average particle diameter of the anhydrous PR8 virus particle was calculated from sedimentation and specific volume data to be about 80 mmicro. The discrepancy between this value and that obtained from the electron micrographs, the greater size distribution from the electron micrographs, the slight irregularities in some of the particles as observed in the electron micrographs, the behavior of the sedimentation process in sucrose solutions of different densities, and the inactivation of the virus by withdrawal of electrolytes can all be explained in a straightforward manner if it is assumed that the virus particles in solution contain, in addition to the constituents shown by chemical analysis, about 60 per cent by weight of water. It is estimated that such hydrated virus particles are about 100 mmicro in diameter.
Antitumor Activity of Hydrophilic Paclitaxel Copolymer Prodrug Using Locoregional Delivery in Human Orthotopic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Xenograft Models
Authors: Yiyu Zou, Hao Fu, Sukhen Ghosh, David Farquhar, Jim Klostergaard
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Paclitaxel (Taxol) has demonstrated clinical activity in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its use has not led to marked improvements in survival. This ineffectiveness can in part be attributed to inadequate delivery of effective drug levels to the lung via systemic administration and to drug resistance mechanisms. Locoregional drug administration and the use of drug copolymers are possible approaches to address these issues. In this study, we evaluated the activity of a poly(l-glutamic acid)-paclitaxel (PGA-TXL) formulation administered by intratracheal injection to mice bearing orthotopic human NSCLC tumors (H460, H358). H460 cells were found to be sensitive to paclitaxel and PGA-TXL in vitro, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In preliminary acute toxicity studies, PGA-TXL administered by intratracheal injection was found to be much less toxic than paclitaxel, as anticipated. Mice into which H460 cells had been implanted by intratracheal injection were given single-dose intratracheal treatments with paclitaxel (1.2 or 2.4 mg/kg) or with PGA-TXL (15 mg/kg, paclitaxel equivalents) 1 week later. When the mice were sacrificed at up to 65 days after tumor implantation, they were evaluated grossly for tumor at bronchial, neck, and lung sites. Control mice had tumors in 60% of all three sites, and all of the control mice had tumors in at least one site. The low- and high-dose Taxol groups had fewer incidences at these three sites (27–33%) and 60–80% of these mice had tumors in at least one site. The PGA-TXL mice displayed a low (13%) incidence at these sites, and only 40% had detectable tumors. In a subsequent survival study with the intratracheal H358 model, control mice had a mean life span of 95 days, whereas both the intratracheal Taxol (2.5 mg/kg, every 7th day for three doses) and the intratracheal PGA-TXL (20 mg/kg, paclitaxel equivalents, every 7th day for three doses) groups had improved survival (mean life spans: 133.5 and 136.5 days, respectively). In pilot studies intended to compare the feasibility of the development of paclitaxel aerosols suitable for clinical application, based either on Cremophor solutions or on PGA backbones, only the latter gave acceptable particle size distributions and flow rates. These results encourage the development and application of Cremophor-free copolymer formulations of paclitaxel for locoregional treatment (e.g., as aerosol) of endobronchial malignant diseases.
Outcomes of a Bladder Cancer Screening Program Using Home Hematuria Testing and Molecular Markers
Authors: Chris H. Bangma, Stacy Loeb, Martijn Busstra, Xiaoye Zhu, Samira El Bouazzaoui, Jeanine Refos, Kirstin A. Van Der Keur, Stephen Tjin, Conja G.A.M. Franken, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, Ellen C. Zwarthoff, Monique J. Roobol
Journal: European Urology (2013)
PhenomiR: a knowledgebase for microRNA expression in diseases and biological processes
Authors: Andreas Ruepp, Andreas Kowarsch, Daniel Schmidl, Felix Bruggenthin, Barbara Brauner, Irmtraud Dunger, Gisela Fobo, Goar Frishman, Corinna Montrone, Fabian J Theis
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Abstract In recent years, microRNAs have been shown to play important roles in physiological as well as malignant processes. The PhenomiR database http://mips.helmholtz-muenchen.de/phenomir provides data from 542 studies that investigate deregulation of microRNA expression in diseases and biological processes as a systematic, manually curated resource. Using the PhenomiR dataset, we could demonstrate that, depending on disease type, independent information from cell culture studies contrasts with conclusions drawn from patient studies.
Effect of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor ZD2138 on aspirin-induced asthma.
Authors: S M Nasser, G S Bell, S Foster, K E Spruce, R MacMillan, A J Williams, T H Lee, J P Arm
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--The cysteinyl leukotrienes may play a central part in the mechanisms of aspirin-sensitive asthma. Previous work has shown that individuals with aspirin-sensitive asthma have high basal urinary LTE4 levels which increase further upon aspirin ingestion, and that sulphidopeptide leukotriene receptor antagonists attenuate aspirin-induced airflow obstruction. If the cysteinyl leukotrienes cause aspirin-induced asthmatic reactions, inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway should prevent aspirin-induced bronchospasm. This hypothesis has been tested with ZD2138, a specific non-redox 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. METHODS--Seven subjects (four men) with aspirin-sensitive asthma with baseline FEV1 values &gt; 67% were studied. ZD2138 (350 mg) or placebo was given on two separate occasions two weeks apart in a randomised double blind fashion. A single dose of aspirin was administered four hours after dosing and FEV1 was measured for six hours. Inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway by ZD2138 was assessed by measurements of urinary LTE4 levels and ex vivo calcium ionophore stimulated LTB4 generation in whole blood, before administration of drug or placebo and at regular time intervals after dosing and aspirin administration. RESULTS--ZD2138 protected against the aspirin-induced reduction in FEV1 with a 20.3 (4.9)% fall in FEV1 following placebo compared with 4.9 (2.9)% following ZD2138. This was associated with 72% inhibition of ex vivo LTB4 generation in whole blood at 12 hours and a 74% inhibition of the rise in urinary LTE4 excretion at six hours after aspirin ingestion. CONCLUSIONS--In aspirin-sensitive asthma the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor ZD2138 inhibits the fall in FEV1 induced by aspirin and this is associated with substantial inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase.
NADPH oxidase complex and IBD candidate gene studies: identification of a rare variant in<i>NCF2</i>that results in reduced binding to RAC2
Authors: Aleixo M Muise, Wei Xu, Cong-Hui Guo, Thomas D Walters, Victorien M Wolters, Ramzi Fattouh, Grace Y Lam, Pingzhao Hu, Ryan Murchie, Mary Sherlock, Juan Cristóbal Gana, Richard K Russell, Michael Glogauer, Richard H Duerr, Judy H Cho, Charlie W Lees, Jack Satsangi, David C Wilson, Andrew D Paterson, Anne M Griffiths, Mark S Silverberg, John H Brumell
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> The NOX2 NADPH oxidase complex produces reactive oxygen species and plays a critical role in the killing of microbes by phagocytes. Genetic mutations in genes encoding components of the complex result in both X-linked and autosomal recessive forms of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Patients with CGD often develop intestinal inflammation that is histologically similar to Crohn9s colitis, suggesting a common aetiology for both diseases. The aim of this study is to determine if polymorphisms in NOX2 NADPH oxidase complex genes that do not cause CGD are associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). <h3>Methods</h3> Direct sequencing and candidate gene approaches were used to identify susceptibility loci in NADPH oxidase complex genes. Functional studies were carried out on identified variants. Novel findings were replicated in independent cohorts. <h3>Results</h3> Sequence analysis identified a novel missense variant in the neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (<i>NCF2</i>) gene that is associated with very early onset IBD (VEO-IBD) and subsequently found in 4% of patients with VEO-IBD compared with 0.2% of controls (p=1.3×10<sup>−5</sup>, OR 23.8 (95% CI 3.9 to 142.5); Fisher exact test). This variant reduced binding of the <i>NCF2</i> gene product p67<sup>phox</sup> to RAC2. This study found a novel genetic association of <i>RAC2</i> with Crohn9s disease (CD) and replicated the previously reported association of <i>NCF4</i> with ileal CD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These studies suggest that the rare novel p67<sup>phox</sup> variant results in partial inhibition of oxidase function and are associated with CD in a subgroup of patients with VEO-IBD; and suggest that components of the NADPH oxidase complex are associated with CD.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: M A Cobleigh, R F Berris, T Bush, N E Davidson, N J Robert, J A Sparano, D C Tormey, W C Wood
Journal: JAMA (1994)

POSTMENOPAUSAL women often experience annoying and sometimes debilitating menopausal symptoms, and breast cancer survivors are no exception. Hot flashes, dyspareunia, atrophic vaginitis with attendant urinary tract symptoms, sleep disturbance, and mood change are among these symptoms. Coronary artery disease and osteoporosis may be more insidious, but potentially fatal consequences of menopausal estrogen decline. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to ameliorate these problems,<sup>1,2</sup>and as informed consumers, breast cancer survivors are increasingly inquiring about and/or requesting ERT.<sup>3</sup> There are more breast cancer survivors alive now than ever before, so their nononcologic health problems are a growing concern. A dramatic rise in the incidence rates of breast cancer occurred in the United States between 1982 and 1987, presumably because of increased screening.<sup>4</sup>The incidence of noninvasive and of small, invasive, axillary nodenegative breast cancers rose concurrently.<sup>4</sup>Five-year survival rates for breast cancer patients also have been
Lessons on Renal Physiology from Transgenic Mice Lacking Aquaporin Water Channels
Authors: A. S. VERKMAN
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Several aquaporin-type water channels are expressed in kidney: AQP1 in the proximal tubule, thin descending limb of Henle, and vasa recta; AQP2, AQP3, and AQP4 in the collecting duct; AQP6 in the papilla; and AQP7 in the proximal tubule. AQP2 is the vasopressin-regulated water channel that is important in hereditary and acquired diseases affecting urine-concentrating ability. It has been difficult to establish the roles of the other aquaporins in renal physiology because suitable aquaporin inhibitors are not available. One approach to the problem has been to generate and analyze transgenic knockout mice in which individual aquaporins have been selectively deleted by targeted gene disruption. Phenotype analysis of kidney and extrarenal function in knockout mice has been very informative in defining the role of aquaporins in organ physiology and addressing basic questions regarding the route of transepithelial water transport and the mechanism of near isoosmolar fluid reabsorption. This article describes new renal physiologic insights revealed by phenotype analysis of aquaporin-knockout mice and the prospects for further basic and clinical developments.
Cytokines: A Practical Approach.
Authors: K H Banner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Cytokines: A Practical Approach. Get access K H Banner K H Banner London, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 7, July 1994, Page 1122, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.7.1122a Published: 01 July 1994
Mu opioid receptor expression is increased in inflammatory bowel diseases: implications for homeostatic intestinal inflammation
Authors: D Philippe
Journal: Gut (2005)

Recent studies with mu opioid receptor (MOR) deficient mice support a physiological anti-inflammatory effect of MOR at the colon interface. To better understand the potential pharmacological effect of certain opiates in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), we (1) evaluated the regulation in vivo and in vitro of human MOR expression by inflammation; and (2) tested the potential anti-inflammatory function of a specific opiate (DALDA) in inflamed and resting human mucosa.
Maintenance strategies after first-line oxaliplatin plus fluoropyrimidine plus bevacizumab for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (AIO 0207): a randomised, non-inferiority, open-label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Susanna Hegewisch-Becker, Ullrich Graeven, Christian A Lerchenmüller, Birgitta Killing, Reinhard Depenbusch, Claus-Christoph Steffens, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Thoralf Lange, Georg Dietrich, Jan Stoehlmacher, Andrea Tannapfel, Anke Reinacher-Schick, Julia Quidde, Tanja Trarbach, Axel Hinke, Hans-Joachim Schmoll, Dirk Arnold
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Relation between glycolysis and calcium homeostasis in postischemic myocardium.
Authors: R W Jeremy, Y Koretsune, E Marban, L C Becker
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

This study examined the hypothesis that glycolysis is required for functional recovery of the myocardium during reperfusion by facilitating restoration of calcium homeostasis. [Ca2+]i was measured in isolated perfused rabbit hearts by using the Ca2+ indicator 1,2-bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (5F-BAPTA) and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In nonischemic control hearts, inhibition of glycolysis with iodoacetate did not alter [Ca2+]i. In hearts subjected to 20 minutes of global zero-flow ischemia, [Ca2+]i increased from 260 +/- 80 nM before ischemia to 556 +/- 44 nM after 15 minutes of ischemia (p less than 0.05). After reperfusion with 5 mM pyruvate as a carbon substrate, [Ca2+]i increased further in hearts with intact glycolysis to 851 +/- 134 nM (p less than 0.05 versus ischemia) during the first 10 minutes of reperfusion, before returning to preischemic levels. In contrast, inhibition of glycolysis during the reperfusion period resulted in persistent severe calcium overload ([Ca2+]i, 1,380 +/- 260 nM after 15 minutes of reperfusion, p less than 0.02 versus intact glycolysis group). Furthermore, despite the presence of pyruvate and oxygen, inhibition of glycolysis during early reperfusion resulted in greater impairment of functional recovery (rate/pressure product, 3,722 +/- 738 mm Hg/min) than did reperfusion with pyruvate and intact glycolysis (rate/pressure product, 9,851 +/- 590 mm Hg/min, p less than 0.01). Inhibition of glycolysis during early reperfusion was also associated with a marked increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during reperfusion (41 +/- 5 mm Hg) compared with hearts with intact glycolysis (16 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). The detrimental effects of glycolytic inhibition during early reperfusion were, however, prevented by initial reperfusion with a low calcium solution ([Ca]o, 0.63 mM for 30 minutes, then 2.50 mM for 30 minutes). In these hearts, the rate/pressure product after 60 minutes of reperfusion was 12,492 +/- 1,561 mm Hg/min (p less than 0.01 versus initial reflow with [Ca]o of 2.50 mM). These findings indicate that the functional impairment observed in postischemic myocardium is related to cellular Ca2+ overload. Glycolysis appears to play an important role in restoration of Ca2+ homeostasis and recovery of function of postischemic myocardium.