tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Age at Surgery for Undescended Testis and Risk of Testicular Cancer
Authors: Andreas Pettersson, Lorenzo Richiardi, Agneta Nordenskjold, Magnus Kaijser, Olof Akre
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Undescended testis, which is a risk factor for testicular cancer, is usually treated surgically, but whether the age at treatment has any effect on the risk is unclear. We studied the relation between the age at treatment for undescended testis and the risk of testicular cancer.We identified men who underwent orchiopexy for undescended testis in Sweden between 1964 and 1999. Cohort subjects were identified in the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and followed for the occurrence of testicular cancer through the Swedish Cancer Registry. Vital statistics and data on migration status were taken from the Register of Population and Population Changes for the years 1965 through 2000. We estimated the relative risk of testicular cancer using Poisson regression of standardized incidence ratios, comparing the risk in the cohort with that in the general population. We also analyzed the data by means of Cox regression, using internal comparison groups.The cohort consisted of 16,983 men who were surgically treated for undescended testis and followed for a total of 209,984 person-years. We identified 56 cases of testicular cancer during follow-up. The relative risk of testicular cancer among those who underwent orchiopexy before reaching 13 years of age was 2.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 3.06), as compared with the Swedish general population; for those treated at 13 years of age or older, the relative risk was 5.40 (95% CI, 3.20 to 8.53). The effect of age at orchiopexy on the risk of testicular cancer was similar in comparisons within the cohort.Treatment for undescended testis before puberty decreases the risk of testicular cancer.
Treatment with glycolytic enzyme inhibitors and Biochanin A induces cell death and decreased Akt phosphorylation in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Tara Johnson, Maria Lai, James Lai, Alok Bhushan
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

2772 

Recent studies have provided evidence that glycolytic enzymes may be involved in tumorogenesis through a variety of signaling pathways, including transcriptional regulation, stimulation of cell motility, and regulation of apoptosis. However, the mechanistic role of glycolytic enzymes in cell signaling, cell survival, and cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been fully elucidated. We therefore hypothesized selective glycolytic enzyme inhibitors, in combination with Biochanin A, may be useful in anticancer therapy of OSCC. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of two selective glycolytic enzyme inhibitors (namely, 3-bromopyruvate and Iodoacetate) on cell morphology, cell survival, cell death, and on signaling mechanisms in two OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and SCC-25). In addition, we determined the combined treatment of these cells with the two glycolytic enzyme inhibitors and the isoflavone Biochanin A. Using MTT assay, we determined the IC50 for both 3-bromopyruvate and iodoacetate in inhibiting the survival of SCC-15 and SCC-25 cells. The effects of the inhibitors on cell morphology were monitored using bright-field light microscopy. Employing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium as indicator of necrotic cell damage/death, we found treatment with either 3-bromopyruvate or iodoacetate induced dose-related cell damage; however, the presence of Biochanin A did not accentuate their cytotoxic effect. Western blot analysis showed decreases in phosphorylated Akt but increases in cytochrome c expression in a dose-related manner with iodoacetate/Biochanin A treatments. Our study is the first that demonstrates treatment with selective inhibitors of glycolytic enzymes induced cell death in OSCC cell lines and that an inhibitory effect of the Akt signaling pathway is implicated as one underlying cell signaling mechanism. Thus, our results may have pathophysiologic and pathogenetic implications in tumorogenesis of OSCC. (Supported by NIH P20 RR16454, MSTMRI Grant.)
Mechanism for Flow Distribution in Normal and Ischemic Myocardium during Increased Ventricular Preload in the Dog
Authors: JOHN K. KJEKSHUS
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

The effects of increased ventricular preload on the distribution of regional blood flow in normal and ischemic myocardium were determined in deep and superficial regions of the left ventricle by using labeled microspheres. The ratio of flow in deep regions to flow in superficial regions in nonischemic tissue was 1.06 ± 0.06 and increased to 1.14 ± 0.06 when left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was raised from 4.8 ± 1 mm Hg to 18 ± 2 mm Hg by intravenous infusion of blood. In ischemic areas the ratio of flow in deep regions to flow in superficial regions fell simultaneously from 0.71 ± 0.12 to 0.45 ± 0.07 ( P &lt;0.001). Control of coronary flow during increased preload was studied in a separate preparation in which coronary flow was decreased in steps by reducing coronary perfusion pressure during periods of constant cardiac performance. The increased preload was associated with loss of autoregulation of coronary flow. It is suggested that, in myocardium with unrestricted coronary supply, regional distribution of flow is independent of gradients in tissue pressure during the described changes in preload due to an autoregulatory mechanism. However, when autoregulation of coronary flow is abolished by coronary artery occlusion, the coronary bed is fully dilated, and distribution of flow is directly dependent on gradients in myocardial tissue pressure. Increased ventricular preload consequently augments the underperfusion of the subendocardial regions of an ischemic area.
Cooling an acute muscle injury: can basic scientific theory translate into the clinical setting?
Authors: C M Bleakley, P Glasgow, M J Webb
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Ice is commonly used after acute muscle strains but there are no clinical studies of its effectiveness. By comparison, there are a number of basic scientific studies on animals which show that applying ice after muscle injury has a consistent effect on a number of important cellular and physiological events relating to recovery. Some of these effects may be temperature dependant; most animal studies induce significant reductions in muscle temperature at the injury site. The aim of this short report was to consider the cooling magnitudes likely in human models of muscle injury and to discuss its relevance to the clinical setting. Current best evidence shows that muscle temperature reductions in humans are moderate in comparison to most animal models, limiting direct translation to the clinical setting. Further important clinical questions arise when we consider the heterogenous nature of muscle injury in terms of injury type, depth and insulating adipose thickness. Contrary to current practice, it is unlikely that a 'panacea' cooling dose or duration exists in the clinical setting. Clinicians should consider that in extreme circumstances of muscle strain (eg, deep injury with high levels of adipose thickness around the injury site), the clinical effectiveness of cooling may be significantly reduced.
Imported transmissible diseases in minors coming to Spain from low-income areas
Authors: M. Belhassen-García, L. Pérez del Villar, J. Pardo-Lledias, M.N. Gutiérrez Zufiaurre, V. Velasco-Tirado, M. Cordero-Sánchez, S. Muñoz Criado, J.L. Muñoz Bellido, A. Muro
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
B-Mode Ultrasound Assessment of Pravastatin Treatment Effect on Carotid and Femoral Artery Walls and Its Correlations With Coronary Arteriographic Findings: A Report of the Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS)
Authors: Eric de Groot, J.Wouter Jukema, Alexander D. Montauban van Swijndregt, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Rob G.A. Ackerstaff, Anton F.W. van der Steen, Nicolaas Bom, Kong I. Lie, Albert V.G. Bruschke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Nasal prongs in the detection of sleep-related disordered breathing in the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome
Authors: E Ballester, None Badia, L Hernandez, R Farre, D Navajas, JM Montserrat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Conventional systems to monitor oronasal flow in sleep studies have traditionally relied on a thermistor signal. Our study was designed to verify whether nasal prongs (NP) connected to a pressure transducer could improve respiratory events detection in patients with sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) compared to traditional systems. Sleep episodes from a 2 h conventional polysomnographic record plus NP signal obtained at random from eight patients (age: mean(+/-SD) 53(+/-12) yrs; body mass index (BMI): 29(+/-6) kg x m(-2); apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI): 27(+/-20) events x h(-1)) were identified and used for analysis. An abnormal change in the pattern of any of the respiratory or neurological variables occurring during the observation period was defined as an episode. Each episode was registered and scored with concomitant scoring of the remaining variables. According to the episode definition three different profiles were established: 1) periods of reduction of ventilation in either variable without an arousal or cyclical desaturation, named nonpathological episode (NPE); 2) an idiopathic or nonrespiratory arousal (IA); and 3) a true respiratory event (TRE) defined as reduction or absence of flow demonstrated by either thermistor, thoraco-abdominal bands or NP accompanied by cyclical desaturation and/or arousal. For each TRE, its detection by thermistor, thoraco-abdominal bands or NP was established. A total of 877 sleep episodes were observed (42 NPE, 30 IA and 805 TRE). When compared to single or combined thermistor and bands approach, NP had the highest respiratory events detection rate, 779 (96.8%) versus 673 events (83.6%), respectively. Detection of respiratory-related arousals was also improved by NP and only 3% could account for mouth breathing respiration. It is concluded that nasal prongs improve the detection of respiratory events in patients with sleep respiratory disorders.
First Year After Head and Neck Cancer: Quality of Life
Authors: Ellen R. Gritz, Cindy L. Carmack, Carl de Moor, Anne Coscarelli, Christopher W. Schacherer, Eric G. Meyers, Elliot Abemayor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: Treatment regimens for head and neck cancer patients profoundly affect several quality-of-life domains. Rehabilitative needs have been identified through cross-sectional analyses; however, few studies have prospectively assessed quality of life, included assessment of psychosocial variables, and identified predictors of long-term follow-up. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The present study addresses these limitations through a prospective assessment of 105 patients with a newly diagnosed first primary squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx. Participants were enrolled onto a larger randomized controlled trial comparing a provider-delivered smoking cessation intervention with a usual-care-advice control condition. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures after diagnosis and before treatment and additional quality-of-life instruments at 1 and 12 months after initial smoking cessation advice. RESULTS: Participants displayed improvements at 12 months in functional status (P = .006) and in the areas of eating, diet, and speech; however, the latter three represent areas of continued dysfunction, and the changes were not statistically significant. Despite these improvements, patients reported a decline in certain quality-of-life domains, including marital (P = .002) and sexual functioning (P = .017), as well as an increase in alcohol use (P &lt; .001). Predictors of quality of life at 12 months included treatment type, the Vigor subscale of the Profile of Mood States instrument, and quality-of-life scores obtained 1 month after initial smoking cessation advice. CONCLUSION: Results reinforce the need for rehabilitation management through the integration of psychologic and behavioral interventions in medical follow-up.
Response to “Third generation aromatase inhibitors may prevent endometrial growth and reverse tamoxifen-induced uterine changes in postmenopausal breast cancer patients”, by L. Morales et al. (Ann Oncol 2005; 16: 70–74)
Authors: I. Cohen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)

I read with great interest the article by Morales et al. [1.Morales L. Timmerman D. Neven P. et al.Third generation aromatase inhibitors may prevent endometrial growth and reverse tamoxifen-induced uterine changes in postmenopausal breast cancer patients.Ann Oncol. 2005; 16: 70-74Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar], describing a potential reversal of tamoxifen-induced uterine changes, by third-generation aromatase inhibitors. The authors found that aromatase inhibitors can decrease endometrial thickness (and uterine volume) in patients previously treated with tamoxifen for 3 months. However, it may well be that the decrement of endometrial thickness was mainly due to discontinuation of tamoxifen treatment, regardless of the administration of aromatase inhibitors, as it has been shown that endometrial thickness is significantly reduced within 6 months following tamoxifen discontinuation, and remains constantly low thereafter [2.Cohen I. Beyth Y. Azaria R. et al.Ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial changes following discontinuation of tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal breast cancer patients.Br J Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 107: 1083-1087Crossref Scopus (20) Google Scholar, 3.Gerber B. Krause A. Muller H. et al.Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen on the endometrium in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: A prospective long-term study using tranvaginal ultrasound.J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18: 3464-3470Crossref PubMed Scopus (153) Google Scholar]. A second issue is the endometrial pathologies identified in the tamoxifen-treated patients; the authors mentioned that endometrial polyps were identified in some of these patients, exclusively diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasonography [1.Morales L. Timmerman D. Neven P. et al.Third generation aromatase inhibitors may prevent endometrial growth and reverse tamoxifen-induced uterine changes in postmenopausal breast cancer patients.Ann Oncol. 2005; 16: 70-74Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar]. However, it is usually impossible to distinguish between endometrial polyps and subendometrial fibroids without their direct visualization through hysteroscopy. Thus, the shrinkage of these polyps may well be a decrease in size of subendometrial fibroids rather than that of a polypoid tissue.
Prediction of Carboplatin Clearance From Standard Morphological and Biological Patient Characteristics
Authors: E. Chatelut, P. Canal, V. Brunner, C. Chevreau, A. Pujol, A. Boneu, H. Roche, G. Houin, R. Bugat
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Prediction of Carboplatin Clearance From Standard Morphological and Biological Patient Characteristics Get access Etienne Chatelut, Etienne Chatelut Etienne Chatelut, Ph.D., Centre Claudius Regaud, rue du Pont St-Pierre, F-31052 Toulouse, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pierre Canal, Pierre Canal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Valérie Brunner, Valérie Brunner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christine Chevreau, Christine Chevreau Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar André Pujol, André Pujol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrée Boneu, Andrée Boneu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henri Roché, Henri Roché Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Georges Houin, Georges Houin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roland Bugat Roland Bugat *Centre Claudius Regaud, and the Université Paul SabatierToulouse, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 8, 19 April 1995, Pages 573–580, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.8.573 Published: 19 April 1995
Sequences and diversity of human T cell receptor beta chain variable region genes.
Authors: N Kimura, B Toyonaga, Y Yoshikai, F Triebel, P Debre, M D Minden, T W Mak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

The nucleotide sequences of 22 human T cell antigen receptor (TcR) beta chain variable region genes isolated from various T lymphocytes have been analyzed. Of the 19 variable gene segment (V beta)-containing sequences, 17 were unique. The V beta gene segments were grouped into 11 families. Comparisons were made with the data of Concannon et al. to unify the nomenclature. The data is consistent with a total V beta gene segment repertoire with a most probable value of 38 members and an upper bound of 104 members at the 95% confidence level. Southern blot data of germline DNA using selected TcR V beta cDNAs as probes support this estimate. The human repertoire is approximately three to four times greater than that reported for the mouse. Explanations for this discrepancy are proposed.
Dermatomyositis is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events: a Taiwanese population-based longitudinal follow-up study
Authors: Y.-T. Lai, Y.-S. Dai, M.-F. Yen, L.-S. Chen, H.-H. Chen, R.G. Cooper, S.-L. Pan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

While the chronic inflammation related to autoimmune diseases is known to be associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, much less is known about cerebrovascular risks.The present population-based, age- and sex-matched follow-up study was undertaken to investigate the risks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischaemic stroke in patients with dermatomyositis (DMS).In total 907 patients with DMS were enrolled and compared with a non-DMS control group consisting of 4535 age- and sex-matched, randomly sampled subjects without DMS. The AMI-free and ischaemic stroke-free survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the DMS-associated risks of AMI and ischaemic stroke.During the 2-year follow-up period, 14 patients with DMS (1.5%) and 18 patients in the non-DMS control group (0.4%) suffered AMIs. The crude hazard ratio (HR) for suffering an AMI in patients with DMS compared with subjects in the non-DMS group was 3.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97-7.96, P = 0.0001], while the adjusted HR was 3.37 (95% CI 1.67-6.80, P = 0.0007), after taking into account demographic characteristics and cardiovascular comorbidities. During the same follow-up period, 46 patients (5.1%) and 133 subjects in the control group (2.9%) developed ischaemic strokes. The crude HR for developing an ischaemic stroke in patients with DMS compared with subjects in the non-DMS group was 1.78 (95% CI 1.27-2.49, P = 0.0007), and the adjusted HR was 1.67 (95% CI, 1.19-2.34, P = 0.0028).These findings suggest that DMS is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.
Plasmodium falciparumgene expression measured directly from tissue during human infection
Authors: Daria Van Tyne, Yan Tan, Johanna P Daily, Steve Kamiza, Karl Seydel, Terrie Taylor, Jill P Mesirov, Dyann F Wirth, Danny A Milner
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

During the latter half of the natural 48-h intraerythrocytic life cycle of human Plasmodium falciparum infection, parasites sequester deep in endothelium of tissues, away from the spleen and inaccessible to peripheral blood. These late-stage parasites may cause tissue damage and likely contribute to clinical disease, and a more complete understanding of their biology is needed. Because these life cycle stages are not easily sampled due to deep tissue sequestration, measuring in vivo gene expression of parasites in the trophozoite and schizont stages has been a challenge.We developed a custom nCounter® gene expression platform and used this platform to measure malaria parasite gene expression profiles in vitro and in vivo. We also used imputation to generate global transcriptional profiles and assessed differential gene expression between parasites growing in vitro and those recovered from malaria-infected patient tissues collected at autopsy.We demonstrate, for the first time, global transcriptional expression profiles from in vivo malaria parasites sequestered in human tissues. We found that parasite physiology can be correlated with in vitro data from an existing life cycle data set, and that parasites in sequestered tissues show an expected schizont-like transcriptional profile, which is conserved across tissues from the same patient. Imputation based on 60 landmark genes generated global transcriptional profiles that were highly correlated with genome-wide expression patterns from the same samples measured by microarray. Finally, differential expression revealed a limited set of in vivo upregulated transcripts, which may indicate unique parasite genes involved in human clinical infections.Our study highlights the utility of a custom nCounter® P. falciparum probe set, validation of imputation within Plasmodium species, and documentation of in vivo schizont-stage expression patterns from human tissues.
Richard Lisle Bennett
Authors: A. B. K. Silovsky
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Richard Lisle Bennett was a passionate and skilled general practitioner, whose particular clinical interests were the welfare of the most vulnerable and marginalised people in society. He was a man of amazing intellect and had done a degree in English literature before his medical degree. He loved reading and poetry, especially Wilfred Owen and other war poets, and wrote poetry himself.

His Sheffield University friends recall him as always full of fun and a truly lovely and loyal friend. He worked for 15 years as a GP, initially in Sheffield and later at Haven Health in Felixstowe from 1996 to 2006. He was extremely popular with patients and, as a trainer, inspired a generation of registrars. He was open, approachable, erudite, friendly, …
Erythrocyte (Ca<sup>+2</sup>+Mg<sup>+2</sup>)‐ATPase activity: Increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Oded Shalev, Vardiella Lavi, Robert P. Hebbel, John W. Eaton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract The effect of the thiol‐oxidizing agent diamide on erythrocyte (Ca +2 +Mg +2 )‐ATPase activity was measured in normal and glucose‐6‐phosphate‐dehydrogenase‐deficient (G6PD − ) cells. Although the enzyme activity before the oxidative stress was similar in both groups, diamide induced a markedly greater inhibition in the enzyme activity in the G6PD − cells than in the normal controls. These data indicate dependence of erythrocyte (Ca +2 +Mg +2 )‐ATPase, in part, on the redox status of the cell. The increased vulnerability of (Ca +2 +Mg +2 )ATPase to oxidative stress in G6PD − may be of pathophysiological relevance to their premature destruction in oxidant‐induced hemolysis.
Neuronal Network Generating Locomotor Behavior in Lamprey: Circuitry, Transmitters, Membrane Properties, and Simulation
Authors: S Grillner, P Wallén, L Brodin, A Lansner
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1991)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More