tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Papillary Muscle Infarction Detected by Late Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction”
Authors: Takashi Tanimoto, Toshio Imanishi, Hironori Kitabata, Nobuo Nakamura, Keizo Kimura, Takashi Yamano, Kohei Ishibashi, Kenichi Komukai, Yasushi Ino, Shigeho Takarada, Takashi Kubo, Kumiko Hirata, Masato Mizukoshi, Atsushi Tanaka, Takashi Akasaka
Journal: Circulation (2011)

in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction"We would like to thank Drs Leurent et al for their interest in our article published in Circulation. 1 They discussed the importance of exercise stress echocardiography in the assessment of ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR).As Lancellotti et al 2 pointed out, the assessment of the severity of mitral regurgitation at rest may not be enough in IMR, because IMR is highly load dependent.The evaluation of IMR only at rest may have a risk for underestimating the severity of mitral regurgitation.Exercise stress echocardiography would reveal the dynamic change of regurgitation and the roles of surgical intervention, and provide additional prognostic information in patients with IMR. 2,3Unfortunately, we have no data about the change of mitral regurgitation during exercise in our study patients at the moment.In our study, we demonstrated the papillary muscle infarction using late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with myocardial infarction.Theoretically, papillary muscle infarction may reduce tenting force and attenuate mitral regurgitation at rest and during exercise.The anatomic assessment of papillary muscle viability by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and the functional assessment of mitral regurgitation by exercise stress echocardiography are complementary in the evaluation of IMR.Thus, the clinical value of the combination of magnetic resonance imaging and stress echocardiography on the risk stratification in patients with IMR should be confirmed by additional large-scale multicenter studies.
A Large High-Density Lipoprotein Enriched in Apolipoprotein C-I
Authors: Peter O. Kwiterovich, Steven L. Cockrill, Donna G. Virgil, Elizabeth S. Garrett, James Otvos, Carolyn Knight-Gibson, Petar Alaupovic, Trudy Forte, Lin Zhang, Zachlyn N. Farwig, Ronald D. Macfarlane
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Low birth weight is associated with increased cardiovascular disease in adulthood, and differences in the molecular weight, composition, and quantity of lipoprotein subclasses are associated with coronary artery disease.To determine if there are novel patterns of lipoprotein heterogeneity in low-birth-weight infants.Prospective study at a US medical center of a representative sample of infants (n = 163; 70 white and 93 black) born at 28 or more weeks of gestational age between January 3, 2000, and September 27, 2000. This sample constituted 20% of all infants born during the study period at this site.Plasma levels and particle sizes of lipoprotein subclasses and plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins (high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein [LDL]), and apolipoproteins.An elevated lipoprotein peak of a particle with density between 1.062 and 1.072 g/mL was identified using physical-chemical methods. This subclass of large HDL was enriched in apolipoprotein C-I (apo C-I). Based on the amount of the apo C-I-enriched HDL peak, 156 infants were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: 0 (none detected), 17%; 1 (possibly present), 41%; 2 (probably present), 22%; 3 (elevated), 19%. Infants in group 3, compared with those in the other 3 groups, had significantly (P<.001) lower mean birth weight (2683.7 vs 3307.1 g) and younger mean gestational age (36.2 vs 39.3 wk). After correction for age, infants in group 3 had significantly higher levels of total and large HDL cholesterol and of total and large LDL cholesterol and LDL particle number. However, infants in group 3 had lower levels of small HDL, very low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides than infants in the other 3 groups. This lipoprotein profile differed from that in infants born small for gestational age, who had significantly higher triglyceride (P<.001) and apo B (P = .04) levels, but lower levels of total and large HDL cholesterol (P<.001) and apo A-I (P<.001).Because apo C-I-enriched HDL, and purified apo C-I alone, promotes apoptosis in vitro, increased amounts of this particle may have physiological significance and identify a novel group of low-birth-weight infants apparently distinct from traditionally classified small-for-gestational-age infants.
Prospective Study of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancers
Authors: K. B. Michels
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Background: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. Methods: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98–1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97–1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89–1.03) among women and 1.08 (95% CI = 1.00–1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95–1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. Conclusions: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.
A large-scale replication study identifies TNIP1, PRDM1, JAZF1, UHRF1BP1 and IL10 as risk loci for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Vesela Gateva, Johanna K Sandling, Geoff Hom, Kimberly E Taylor, Sharon A Chung, Xin Sun, Ward Ortmann, Roman Kosoy, Ricardo C Ferreira, Gunnel Nordmark, Iva Gunnarsson, Elisabet Svenungsson, Leonid Padyukov, Gunnar Sturfelt, Andreas Jönsen, Anders A Bengtsson, Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Emily C Baechler, Elizabeth E Brown, Graciela S Alarcón, Jeffrey C Edberg, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman, Gerald McGwin, John D Reveille, Luis M Vilá, Robert P Kimberly, Susan Manzi, Michelle A Petri, Annette Lee, Peter K Gregersen, Michael F Seldin, Lars Rönnblom, Lindsey A Criswell, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Timothy W Behrens, Robert R Graham
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Calcium sequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in heart failure
Authors: M Movsesian
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Time for primary review 39 days.

Myocardial contraction and relaxation are dependent upon the rise and fall of cytosolic [Ca2+] in cardiac myocytes. The release and sequestration of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum are the principal mechanisms through which this occurs. During relaxation, Ca2+ is actively transported from the cytosol into the sarcoplasmic reticulum; during contraction, this sequestered Ca2+ is passively released into the cytosol through ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ channels.

Because of the dependence of contraction and relaxation upon ATP-dependent Ca2+ sequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the possibility that an impairment in this process contributes to the pathophysiology of heart failure has been the focus of a large body of research over the past two decades. While there seems to be a general agreement that ATP-dependent Ca2+ sequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is impaired in failing human myocardium, there remains a fairly intense controversy regarding the molecular aetiology of this impairment. In this review, the rationale underlying the experimental approaches to this issue in animal models and human tissues and the conclusions that can be drawn from their results are examined.

Ca2+ accumulation by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum occurs through the activity of SERCA2, a 105 kDa Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent ATPase that transports Ca2+ from the cytosol to the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum [1–3]. The Km of SERCA2 for Ca2+ in sarcoplasmic reticulum-enriched vesicles isolated from human left ventricular myocardium is 0.63–0.68 μM, a value which falls within the range of cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations that have been measured in intact cardiac myocytes during relaxation and contraction (0.1–1.0 μM), while the Hill coefficient is 1.6–1.7 [4, 5]. The rate of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is thus sensitive to small … 

* Corresponding author. Cardiology Division, 4A-100 SOM, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. Tel. (+1-801) 581 7715; Fax (+1-801) 581 7735; E-mail:matthew.movsesian@hsc.utah.edu
New Insights into the Regulation of Chylomicron Production
Authors: Satya Dash, Changting Xiao, Cecilia Morgantini, Gary F. Lewis
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2015)

Dietary lipids are efficiently absorbed by the small intestine, incorporated into triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons), and transported in the circulation to various tissues. Intestinal lipid absorption and mobilization and chylomicron synthesis and secretion are highly regulated processes. Elevated chylomicron production rate contributes to the dyslipidemia seen in common metabolic disorders such as insulin-resistant states and type 2 diabetes and likely increases the risk for atherosclerosis seen in these conditions. An in-depth understanding of the regulation of chylomicron production may provide leads for the development of drugs that could be of therapeutic utility in the prevention of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Chylomicron secretion is subject to regulation by various factors, including diet, body weight, genetic variants, hormones, nutraceuticals, medications, and emerging interventions such as bariatric surgical procedures. In this review we discuss the regulation of chylomicron production, mechanisms that underlie chylomicron dysregulation, and potential avenues for future research.
Diagnostic Utility of Ultrasonography of Leg Veins in Patients Suspected of Having Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Franktien Turkstra
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

The standard diagnostic approach in patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism starts with perfusion-ventilation lung scanning. If the resulting scan is not diagnostic, pulmonary angiography should be done. The use of tests for deep venous thrombosis has been advocated as an adjunct to establishing the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, but no prospective studies have provided adequate information about the value of these tests.To determine the accuracy and potential clinical utility of compression ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.Prospective cohort study with blinded assessment of ultrasonographic results.Teaching hospital.397 consecutive inpatients and outpatients in whom pulmonary embolism was clinically suspected.Sensitivity and specificity of compression ultrasonography. Perfusion-ventilation scanning and angiography were the conjoint gold standard for determining the presence or absence of pulmonary embolism. Also calculated were the number of angiograms and lung scans avoided and the number of patients unnecessarily treated when compression ultrasonography was included in the diagnostic strategy.The overall sensitivity of compression ultrasonography for deep venous thrombosis in patients with pulmonary embolism was 29% (95% CI 22% to 37%); the specificity was 97% (CI, 94% to 99%). Adding ultrasonography to the diagnostic approach before lung scanning would avoid approximately 14% of lung scans and 9% of angiograms but would lead to unnecessary treatment of 13% of patients who have an abnormal ultrasonographic result (2% to 4% of all those receiving anticoagulation). When compression ultrasonography is done only in patients with a nondiagnostic lung scan, 9% of angiographies are prevented at the cost of unnecessarily treating 26% of patients who have an abnormal ultrasonographic result (2% of all patients receiving anticoagulation).The diagnostic value of compression ultrasonography for the detection of deep venous thrombosis in patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism is limited; the gain in diagnostic efficiency obtained through the use of ultrasonography may be offset by a loss in diagnostic accuracy.
Hyaluronic acid uptake by the isolated, perfused rat liver: An index of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell function
Authors: Ion V. Deaciuc, Gregory J. Bagby, Charles H. Lang, John J. Spitzer
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Previous studies indicate that sinusoidal endothelial cells bind and internalize hyaluronic acid at much greater rates than do other liver cells. Thus hepatic hyaluronic acid removal rate may be indicative of sinusoidal endothelial cell function. In these studies the uptake of hyaluronic acid (molecular weight 1.3 x 10(6)) was measured in isolated perfused rat liver under a variety of conditions. Uptake was dependent on hyaluronic acid concentration. At all concentrations tested, the rate of hyaluronic acid uptake stabilized at a steady-state level 2 to 3 min after development of a high rate of apparent uptake. At saturating hyaluronic acid concentration (150 ng.ml-1), the steady-state uptake rate was 10.4 +/- 1.0 micrograms.gm-1 liver wet wt.hr-1, which is as high as or higher than the rates reported for isolated rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The half-maximal rate of uptake was attained at a hyaluronic acid concentration of 80 ng.ml-1. Hyaluronic acid uptake was inhibited by heparin (80%), a competitive ligand for the hyaluronic acid receptor on sinusoidal endothelial cells; 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-O-myristoyl 13 alpha-acetate (25% to 50%), a tumor promoter and activator of protein kinase C; prostaglandin F2 alpha (24% to 52%), an eicosanoid secreted in the liver by Kupffer cells; A23187 (33% to 66%), a Ca2+ ionophore; and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (16% to 43%). Platelet activating factor did not affect hyaluronic acid uptake by the perfused liver. Hyaluronic acid uptake was increased by 50% after a 24-hr fast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE EFFECTS OF SERUM TREATED WITH PARARABIN
Authors: Edgard Zunz, Charles Mohilevith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

Horse serum, kept for 2 hours at 38°C. in the presence of one-fifth its volume of a suspension of 0.5 per cent of pararabin inphysiological salt solution and then freed by means of centrifugalization and filtration from the pararabin produced when injected in appropriate doses into a normal rabbit, a considerable and prolonged fall of the blood pressure, a distinct retardation in the coagulation of the carotid blood, and sometimes, in addition, acceleration of the respiratory rate and the expulsion of numerous scybala; that is, the various symptoms observed to occur after the intravenous injection of horse serum in sero-anaphylactized rabbits. If the horse serum is first heated for 30 minutes to 56°C. and then treated with pararabin in the manner described above, the intravenous injection of this serum into a normal rabbit exerts no more action on the arterial pressure, the coagulability of the arterial blood, the respiratory rate, and the intestinal activity, than does normal horse serum when introduced into the vein of a normal rabbit.
Achilles tendon pathology, present and future
Authors: N Maffulli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Lecture 18 Introduction The recent progress in molecular biology, could make possible to identify the factors which influence the metabolism of the tenocytes and promote their natural healing process. The role of growth factors in the healing of tendons, for example, is still unclear, although basic fibroblast growth factor can stimulate healing by promoting cell proliferation and synthesis of the matrix. Gene transfer for the targeted delivery of growth factors has been used successfully in animal studies. Excessive repetitive overload of tendons is regarded as the main pathological stimulus which leads to tendinopathy. The aetiology of this pathologic condition remains unclear. Tendinopathies have been linked to overuse, poor vascularity, lack of flexibility, genetic make-up, gender, endocrine or metabolic factors. Excessive loading of the tendon during vigorous physical training is regarded as the main pathological stimulus. The tendon may respond to repetitive overload beyond physiological threshold by either inflammation of its sheath or degeneration of its body, or by a combination of both. Damage to the tendon can occur even if it is stressed within its physiological limits since frequent cumulative microtrauma may not leave enough time for repair. Microtrauma can result from non-uniform stress within tendons producing abnormal concentrations of load within the tendon, frictional forces between the fibrils, and localised damage to fibres. Tendinopathy has been attributed to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Vascularity, dysfunction of the gastrocnemius-soleus, age, gender, bodyweight and height, are considered to be common intrinsic factors. Changes in training pattern, poor technique, previous injuries are common extrinsic factors which may predispose the athlete to tendinopathy. The aetiology of pain in tendinopathies is still unclear. Management of tendinopathy can be conservative or surgical, but this is recommended after exhausting periods of conservative management, often lasting for at least 6 months. Conservative management is unsuccessful in 24–45.5% of patients with tendinopathy of Achilles tendon. Failure of conservative management after 6 months is an indication for surgery. Surgery may range from percutaneous longitudinal tenotomy to various open procedures. Long-standing tendinopathy, however is associated with poor results after operation, with a greater rate of reoperation before an acceptable outcome is obtained.
Endogenous Fructose Production and Fructokinase Activation Mediate Renal Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Miguel A. Lanaspa, Takuji Ishimoto, Christina Cicerchi, Yoshifuru Tamura, Carlos A. Roncal-Jimenez, Wei Chen, Katsuyuki Tanabe, Ana Andres-Hernando, David J. Orlicky, Esteban Finol, Shinichiro Inaba, Nanxing Li, Christopher J. Rivard, Tomoki Kosugi, Laura G. Sanchez-Lozada, J. Mark Petrash, Yuri Y. Sautin, A. Ahsan Ejaz, Wataru Kitagawa, Gabriela E. Garcia, David T. Bonthron, Aruna Asipu, Christine P. Diggle, Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe, Takahiko Nakagawa, Richard J. Johnson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Diabetes is associated with activation of the polyol pathway, in which glucose is converted to sorbitol by aldose reductase. Previous studies focused on the role of sorbitol in mediating diabetic complications. However, in the proximal tubule, sorbitol can be converted to fructose, which is then metabolized largely by fructokinase, also known as ketohexokinase, leading to ATP depletion, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and oxidative stress. We and others recently identified a potential deleterious role of dietary fructose in the generation of tubulointerstitial injury and the acceleration of CKD. In this study, we investigated the potential role of endogenous fructose production, as opposed to dietary fructose, and its metabolism through fructokinase in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Wild-type mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes developed proteinuria, reduced GFR, and renal glomerular and proximal tubular injury. Increased renal expression of aldose reductase; elevated levels of renal sorbitol, fructose, and uric acid; and low levels of ATP confirmed activation of the fructokinase pathway. Furthermore, renal expression of inflammatory cytokines with macrophage infiltration was prominent. In contrast, diabetic fructokinase-deficient mice demonstrated significantly less proteinuria, renal dysfunction, renal injury, and inflammation. These studies identify fructokinase as a novel mediator of diabetic nephropathy and document a novel role for endogenous fructose production, or fructoneogenesis, in driving renal disease.
Improving the predictive ability of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram with a linear logistic model incorporating clinical variables.
Authors: P J Vatterott, K R Bailey, S C Hammill
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To improve the predictive accuracy of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram, we created a linear logistic model for predicting ventricular tachycardia during electrophysiologic testing. This signal-averaged electrocardiographic model was created from data obtained from 214 patients undergoing electrophysiologic testing (70 had ventricular tachycardia during electrophysiologic testing) by using stepwise logistic regression to rank eight clinical and nine signal-averaged electrocardiographic variables. The best predictors were ejection fraction, history of infarction, ventricular ectopic pairs or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter monitoring, QRS duration after 25-Hz filtering, and root mean square voltage of the terminal 40 msec of the QRS complex after 40- and 80-Hz filtering. Cross validation (a statistical technique that can be used to accurately evaluate how a predictive model will perform on a prospective patient population) was used to validate the model. After cross validation, the model's sensitivity was 91% and specificity was 59% for predicting ventricular tachycardia during electrophysiologic testing. This model compared favorably with established 25-Hz late-potential criteria (QRS duration of more than 110 msec and root mean square voltage of less than 25 microV of the terminal 40 msec of the QRS complex; sensitivity, 64%; specificity, 85%) and with established 40-Hz late-potential criteria (QRS duration of more than 114 msec or root mean square voltage of less than 20 microV of the terminal 40 msec of the QRS complex or duration of the low-amplitude signal less than 40 microV at the terminal QRS complex that is greater than 38 msec; sensitivity, 84%; specificity, 54%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)