tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COMPARTMENTALIZED RAS/MAPK SIGNALING
Authors: Adam Mor, Mark R. Philips
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2006)

Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. It is now clear that the plasma membrane does not represent the only platform for Ras/MAPK signaling. Moreover, the plasma membrane itself is no longer considered a uniform structure but rather a patchwork of microdomains that can compartmentalize signaling. Signaling on internal membranes was first recognized on endosomes. Genetically encoded fluorescent probes for signaling events such as GTP/GDP exchange on Ras have revealed signaling on a variety of intracellular membranes, including the Golgi apparatus. In fibroblasts, Ras is activated on the plasma membrane and Golgi with distinct kinetics. The pathway by which Golgi-associated Ras becomes activated involves PLCgamma and RasGRP1 and may also require retrograde trafficking of Ras from the plasma membrane to the Golgi as a consequence of depalmitoylation. Thus, the Ras/MAPK pathway represents a clear example of compartmentalized signaling.
Dramatic Movement of a Meckel's Diverticulum on Tc-99m Pertechnetate Imaging
Authors: Ramin Sadeghi, Vahid Reza Dabbagh Kakhki, Rasoul Zakavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy is a standard procedure for diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum. It usually presents as a static abnormality in the midabdomen. We report a 17-year-old patient with severe lower gasterointestinal bleeding and anemia. On Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy, focal abnormal activity was noted in the abdomen which was moving in the abdominal cavity. The patient underwent laparatomy, and a Meckel's diverticulum was removed. The patient recovered fully after operation.
Diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry for the detection of the BRAF mutation in primary lung adenocarcinoma Caucasian patients
Authors: M. Ilie, E. Long, V. Hofman, B. Dadone, C.H. Marquette, J. Mouroux, J.M. Vignaud, H. Begueret, J.P. Merlio, D. Capper, A. von Deimling, J.F. Emile, P. Hofman
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Treatment of canine pulmonary hypertension: effects of norepinephrine and isoproterenol on pulmonary vascular pressure-flow characteristics.
Authors: J Ducas, D Duval, H Dasilva, P Boiteau, R M Prewitt
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Pulmonary vascular flow resistive properties may be described by mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)-cardiac output (CO) plots. The slope of the PAP-CO relationship defines the incremental resistance and the extrapolated pressure intercept defines the effective outflow pressure. We investigated effects of norepinephrine (11 dogs) and isoproterenol (seven dogs) on the pulmonary vascular PAP-CO relationship in a model of pulmonary hypertension produced by injection of autologous blood clots. Multiple PAP-CO coordinates were obtained with and without drug infusion. CO was varied by opening systemic arteriovenous fistulas. PAP-CO relationships were well described by a linear equation (mean r value .964 +/- .032). Isoproterenol increased mean CO by 61% (p less than .01), and calculated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreased by 31% (p less than .05), corresponding to a 35% decrease (5.1 +/- 2.0 to 3.3 +/- 0.9 mm Hg X liter X min-1; p less than .01) incremental resistance. In the first seven dogs to receive norepinephrine, despite a 25% increase in blood pressure (p less than .01) no significant effects on CO, PAP, PVR, or PAP-CO relationship were observed. In the next four dogs, norepinephrine was infused at a lower dose to increase blood pressure 50% and a higher dose to ensure an increase in CO. In both conditions, calculated PVR fell (p less than .05) compared with that before norepinephrine. However, measured incremental resistance and effective outflow pressure did not change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Long-Term Effect of Diabetes and Its Treatment on Cognitive Function
Authors: Alan M Jacobson, Gail Musen, Christopher M Ryan, Nancy Silvers, Patricia Cleary, Barbara Waberski, Amanda Burwood, Katie Weinger, Meg Bayless, William Dahms, Judith Harth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Long-standing concern about the effects of type 1 diabetes on cognitive ability has increased with the use of therapies designed to bring glucose levels close to the nondiabetic range and the attendant increased risk of severe hypoglycemia.
Cognitive functional approach to manage low back pain in male adolescent rowers: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Leo Ng, J P Cañeiro, Amity Campbell, Anne Smith, Angus Burnett, Peter O'Sullivan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background Low back pain (LBP) is prevalent among adolescent rowers. This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive functional approach to reduce LBP in this population. Methods Thirty-six adolescent male rowers reporting LBP participated. Nineteen were randomly allocated to the intervention group to receive a cognitive functional approach targeting cognitions, movement patterns, conditioning and lifestyle factors relevant to each rower for 8 weeks. The active control group (n=17) received usual care from their coaches (rowing skills and conditioning exercises). The primary outcome of the study was pain intensity as measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale during a 15 min ergometer trial preintervention and postintervention. Disability (Patient Specific Functional Scale and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire) was measured preintervention/postintervention and at 12 weeks follow-up. Isometric muscle endurance of the back extensors and lower limb muscles, usual sitting posture and regional lumbar kinematic data during a 15 min ergometer row were measured preintervention/postintervention. Results Compared with the control group, the intervention group reported significantly less pain during ergometer rowing (Numeric Pain Rating Scale −2.4, p=0.008) and reduced disability (Patient Specific Functional Scale (4.1, p=0.01); Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (−1.7, p=0.003)) following the intervention, and at 12 weeks follow-up. They also demonstrated greater lower limb muscle endurance (20.9 s, p=0.03) and postured their lower lumbar spine in greater extension during static sitting (−9.6°, p=0.007). No significant differences were reported in back muscle endurance and regional lumbar kinematics during ergometer rowing. Conclusion Cognitive functional approach was more effective than usual care in reducing pain and disability in adolescent male rowers. Clinical Trial Registry Number Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry Number 12609000565246.
Antiproliferative effects of interferon alpha on human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines are associated with differential regulation of protein kinase C isoenzymes.
Authors: S Rosewicz, M Weder, A Kaiser, E O Riecken
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: The molecular mechanisms mediating the antiproliferative effects of interferon alpha on human pancreatic carcinoma cells are poorly understood. AIM: To characterise the effects of interferon alpha on protein kinase C isoenzyme expression in interferon alpha sensitive and resistant human pancreatic tumour cell lines. METHODS: The ductal human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines Capan 1 and Capan 2 were investigated. Anchorage dependent and independent growth was determined by cell number and a human tumour clonogenic assay. Interferon alpha receptor expression was examined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Protein kinase C isoenzyme expression was evaluated by western blotting using monospecific polyclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Interferon alpha treatment results in a time and dose dependent inhibition of anchorage dependent and independent growth in Capan 1 cells while Capan 2 cells were not affected by interferon alpha. Both cell lines express interferon alpha receptor mRNA transcripts. Growth inhibition by interferon alpha in Capan 1 cells was paralleled by a profound decrease of protein kinase C alpha and zeta expression while these isoenzymes were unaffected in the interferon resistant cell line Capan 2. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of protein kinase C isoenzyme expression might determine the sensitivity of a given pancreatic carcinoma to respond to the antiproliferative action of interferon alpha.
Arterial endothelial cells: still the craftsmen of regenerated endothelium
Authors: M. K. Hagensen, P. M. Vanhoutte, J. F. Bentzon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

For more than a decade, a prevailing hypothesis in research related to arterial disease has been that circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) provide protection by their innate ability to replace dysfunctional or damaged endothelium. This paradigm has led to extensive investigation of EPCs in the hope of finding therapeutic targets to control their homing and differentiation. However, from the very beginning, the nomenclature and the phenotype of EPCs have been subject to controversy and there are currently no specific markers that can unambiguously identify these cells. Moreover, many of the initial observations that EPCs differentiate to endothelial cells in the course of arterial disease have been criticized for methodological problems. The present review discusses the contrasting experimental evidence as to the role of EPCs in contributing to relining of the endothelium and highlights some of the methodological pitfalls and terminological ambiguities that confuse the field.
Cytosolic-free calcium elevation in Trypanosoma cruzi is required for cell invasion.
Authors: S N Moreno, J Silva, A E Vercesi, R Docampo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

To replicate, the trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi must invade host cells. Since a role for Ca2+ in the process of cell invasion by several intracellular parasites has been postulated, changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in T. cruzi trypomastigotes and in tissue culture L6E9 myoblasts during their interaction were studied at the single cell level using digital imaging fluorescence microscopy or in cell suspensions by fluorescence spectrophotometry. An increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in T. cruzi trypomastigotes was detected at the single cell level after association of the parasites with the myoblasts. Ca2+ mobilization in the host cells was also detected upon contact with trypomastigotes either at the single cell level or in cells grown in coverslips and exposed to suspensions of trypomastigotes. Pretreatment of the parasites with the Ca2+ chelators quin 2 (50 microM) or bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA, 50 microM) decreased the trypomastigotes' association to myoblasts by approximately 40 and 63%, respectively, thus indicating that an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the parasites is required for cell invasion in addition to Ca2+ mobilization in the host cells.
The Protistan Origins of Animals and Fungi
Authors: Emma T. Steenkamp, Jane Wright, Sandra L. Baldauf
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Recent molecular studies suggest that Opisthokonta, the eukaryotic supergroup including animals and fungi, should be expanded to include a diverse collection of primitively single-celled eukaryotes previously classified as Protozoa. These taxa include corallochytreans, nucleariids, ministeriids, choanoflagellates, and ichthyosporeans. Assignment of many of these taxa to Opisthokonta remains uncorroborated as it is based solely on small subunit ribosomal RNA trees lacking resolution and significant bootstrap support for critical nodes. Therefore, important details of the phylogenetic relationships of these putative opisthokonts with each other and with animals and fungi remain unclear. We have sequenced elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), actin, β-tubulin, and HSP70, and/or α-tubulin from representatives of each of the proposed protistan opisthokont lineages, constituting the first protein-coding gene data for some of them. Our results show that members of all opisthokont protist groups encode a ∼12-amino acid insertion in EF-1α, previously found exclusively in animals and fungi. Phylogenetic analyses of combined multigene data sets including a diverse set of opisthokont and nonopisthokont taxa place all of the proposed opisthokont protists unequivocally in an exclusive clade with animals and fungi. Within this clade, the nucleariid appears as the closest sister taxon to fungi, while the corallochytrean and ichthyosporean form a group which, together with the ministeriid and choanoflagellates, form two to three separate sister lineages to animals. These results further establish Opisthokonta as a bona fide taxonomic group and suggest that any further testing of the legitimacy of this taxon should, at the least, include data from opisthokont protists. Our results also underline the critical position of these "animal-fungal allies" with respect to the origin and early evolution of animals and fungi.
Wallerian degeneration of injured axons and synapses is delayed by a Ube4b/Nmnat chimeric gene
Authors: Till G.A. Mack, Michael Reiner, Bogdan Beirowski, Weiqian Mi, Monica Emanuelli, Diana Wagner, Derek Thomson, Tom Gillingwater, Felipe Court, Laura Conforti, F. Shama Fernando, Andrea Tarlton, Christian Andressen, Klaus Addicks, Giulio Magni, Richard R. Ribchester, V. Hugh Perry, Michael P. Coleman
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2001)
Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy versus Nd‐YAG laser resection in NSCLC with airway obstruction
Authors: J.P. Diaz-Jiménez, J.E. Martínez-Ballarín, A Llunell, E Farrero, A Rodríguez, M.j Castro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

A prospective controlled randomized trial was performed in order to assess the effectiveness and safety of photodynamic therapy versus laser resection in 31 patients with partial or complete tracheobronchial obstruction due to inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Fourteen patients received dihaematoporphyrin ether and argon dye laser photoradiation, and 17 patients received Nd-YAG laser resection. Endoluminal obstruction of &gt;75% was found in 77.4% of the patients. Among the symptoms, cough was more severe in the Nd-YAG group (p=0.02). Patients in both groups experienced symptomatic relief after treatment (p=0.003). Patients in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) group showed a significantly longer time until treatment failure (p=0.03) and longer median survival (p=0.007). Bronchitis and photosensitization (both in the PDT group) were the most common adverse effects. There was one death, probably related to treatment, in the PDT group. Photodynamic therapy and neodymium-yttrium aluminium garnet laser resection showed similar effectiveness and safety in the palliation of symptoms. The more prolonged survival in the photodynamic therapy group may have been due to differences in tumour stage between the groups. The degree of obstruction improved after treatment in both groups. In conclusion, photodynamic therapy is a valid method of palliation in partially or totally obstructing non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Gastrointestinal tolerability of etoricoxib in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results of the etoricoxib vs diclofenac sodium gastrointestinal tolerability and effectiveness trial (EDGE-II)
Authors: K Krueger, L Lino, R Dore, S Radominski, Y Zhang, A Kaur, R Simpson, S Curtis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

A randomised, double-blind study to compare the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability, safety and efficacy of etoricoxib and diclofenac in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).A total of 4086 patients (mean age 60.8 years) diagnosed with RA were enrolled and received etoricoxib 90 mg daily (n = 2032) or diclofenac 75 mg twice daily (n = 2054). Use of gastroprotective agents and low-dose aspirin was allowed. The prespecified primary end point consisted of the cumulative rate of patient discontinuations due to clinical and laboratory GI adverse experiences (AEs). General safety was also assessed, including adjudicated thrombotic cardiovascular event data. Efficacy was evaluated using the Patient Global Assessment of Disease Status (PGADS; 0-4 point scale).Mean (SD; maximum) duration of treatment was 19.3 (10.3; 32.9) and 19.1 (10.4; 33.1) months in the etoricoxib and diclofenac groups, respectively. The cumulative discontinuation rate due to GI AEs was significantly lower with etoricoxib than diclofenac (5.2 vs 8.5 events per 100 patient-years, respectively; hazard ratio 0.62 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.81; p<or=0.001)). The incidence of discontinuations for hypertension-related and oedema-related AEs were significantly higher with etoricoxib (2.5% and 1.1% respectively) compared with diclofenac (1.5% and 0.4% respectively; p<0.001 for hypertension and p<0.01 for oedema). Etoricoxib and diclofenac treatment resulted in similar efficacy (PGADS mean changes from baseline -0.62 vs -0.58, respectively).Etoricoxib 90 mg demonstrated a significantly lower risk for discontinuing treatment due to GI AEs compared with diclofenac 150 mg. Discontinuations from renovascular AEs, although less common than discontinuations from GI AEs, were significantly higher with etoricoxib.
Effect of climatic change in children with atopic eczema
Authors: G. Byremo, G. Rød, K. H. Carlsen
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Climate and sunlight (ultraviolet radiation) influence activity of atopic eczema. Objective: To evaluate the effect of moving from a subarctic/temperate climate to a sunny subtropical climate on children's atopic eczema. Methods: Children, 4–13 years, with severe atopic eczema were randomized to stay 4 weeks in Gran Canary (index patients = 30) and home in Norway (controls = 26), with a follow up of 3 months. SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) was primary variable, and secondary were Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI), Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization and pharmacological skin treatment. Results: SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis decreased from 37.2 (29.4–44.9) to 12.2 (9.0–15.4) [mean (95% confidence intervals)] after 4 weeks and 21.2 (17.2–25.1) 3 months thereafter in index patients ( P &lt; 0.0005), much less in controls. Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index in the index group improved from 8.7 to 2.2 and 4.5 after 4 weeks and 3 months ( P &lt; 0.0005), not in controls. Bacterial skin colonization with S. aureus decreased in the index group from 23/30 (77%) to 12/30 (40%; P = 0.001) and 12/30 (40%; P = 0.005) after 1 month and 3 months, and the use of local steroids decreased in index patients but not in controls. Conclusions: The change from a subartic/temperate to a subtropical climate for 4 weeks improved significantly skin symptoms (SCORAD) and quality of life, even for 3 months after return.
What Is the Brain-Cancer Connection?
Authors: Lei Cao, Matthew J. During
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2012)

A focus of much cancer research is at the molecular and cellular levels. In contrast, the effects of social interactions and psychological state are less investigated, and considered by many a "soft" science. Yet several highly rigorous studies have begun to tease out biochemical pathways by which the brain can influence the development and growth of cancer. Previous reviews have discussed the concept of stress and cancer. Here, we discuss recent work showing environments that are more complex and challenging, but not stressful per se, and that have robust effects on peripheral cancer by activating a specific neuroendocrine brain-adipocyte axis. These enriched environments lead to activation of the sympathetic innervation of fat tissue, suppression of leptin, and a reduction in cancer proliferation by inducing hypothalamic BDNF expression. We summarize this work and discuss how these data integrate into the body of literature regarding stress, the environment, and cancer.
INCREASED RESISTANCE TO VIRAL INFECTION AS A RESULT OF INCREASED FLUID IN TISSUES
Authors: Haywood M. Taylor, Douglas H. Sprunt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Experiments are described in which it is shown that the estrogenic hormone (alpha-estradiol propionate) increases the amount of extracellular fluid in the skin. Since previous work showed that this hormone increases resistance of rabbits to vaccinia virus, it is suggested that the increased resistance is the result of increased fluid in the tissues. In further test of this thesis, experiments were performed in which the extracellular fluid in the skin was increased by the intraperitoneal injection of a salt solution known to increase the hydration of the tissues. Under these conditions it was found that the spread of India ink in the skin, as well as susceptibility to viral infection, was decreased in the same magnitude as obtains when the animals are treated with estrogenic hormone. The identity of effects under the two sets of circumstances seems to warrant the conclusion that in both instances the spread of India ink and decreased susceptibility to vaccinia are due to the common factor of increased volume of the extracellular fluid.
Evidence for Uneven Alpha-Receptor Distribution in the Rat Portal Vein
Authors: BENGT LJUNG, JOHN A. BEVAN, CHE SU
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

The smooth muscle of the rat portal vein which supports propagation becomes supersensitive to exogenous l -norepinephrine after elimination of the vessel's intramural neuronal uptake mechanism. Such supersensitivity is generally associated with intimate neuromuscular connections. Since the adrenergic vasomotor fibers in the portal vein do not enter the muscle tissue, it has been proposed that muscle cells close to the nerve terminals must determine the response to norepinephrine. With the aim of elucidating the mechanism behind the prejunctional supersensitivity, the total uptake of labeled norepinephrine in the portal vein was analyzed and its distribution within the vessel wall was evaluated directly using isotopically labeled frozen sections. The total uptake of the portal vein, related to its endogenous norepinephrine content, was comparable with that in other vascular and nonvascular tissues. The 3 H-uptake profile of the vessel wall showed that the neurogenic uptake was confined to the narrow adrenergic plexus between the longitudinal and the circular muscle layers. The neuronal uptake mechanism therefore could only influence the concentration of exogenous norepinephrine at muscle cells close to the nerve terminals. These results support the hypothesis that the prejunctional supersenstivity in the rat portal vein indicates that the alpha receptors are located on muscle cells in the vicinity of the adrenergic nerve terminals.
24-Hour Psychiatric Consultation Via TV
Authors: CHARLES SOLOW, ROBERT J. WEISS, BERNARD J. BERGEN, CHARLOTTE J. SANBORN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Consultation services via two-way closed circuit television have proved to be effective in helping nonpsychiatric physicians to improve their knowledge of psychiatry and to treat their emotionally ill patients. The authors describe such a service set up between Hanover, N.H., and Claremont, N.H., a community 26 miles away. The service has aided the physicians in maintaining the majority of their referred cases in the community and has provided them with a valuable educational experience.