tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response and palliation in a phase II trial of gemcitabine in hormone-refractory metastatic prostatic carcinoma
Authors: R. Morant, J. Bernhard, R. Maibach, M. Borner, M.F. Fey, B. Thürlimann, E. Jacky, F. Trinkler, J. Bauer, G. Zulian, S. Hanselmann, C. Hürny, F. Hering
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Hypercapnia during oxygen therapy in airways obstruction: a reappraisal.
Authors: J R Stradling
Journal: Thorax (1986)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Researchers have shown that consumers perceive brands, as they do people, on the basis of two dimensions: warmth and competence. Hedonic brands therefore try to create a pleasant experience for the customer, highlighting the warmth dimension, whereas utilitarian brands emphasize the competence dimension. Research on the innuendo effect has shown that if a person is described positively in terms of only one dimension, people make negative inferences about the other dimension. The current study provides evidence that this effect also emerges in the advertising context—that is, when a brand is described only with one of the two dimensions.
Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Authors: Marcia S Brose, Christopher M Nutting, Barbara Jarzab, Rossella Elisei, Salvatore Siena, Lars Bastholt, Christelle de la Fouchardiere, Furio Pacini, Ralf Paschke, Young Kee Shong, Steven I Sherman, Johannes W A Smit, John Chung, Christian Kappeler, Carol Peña, István Molnár, Martin J Schlumberger
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents vs Vascular Brachytherapy for In-Stent Restenosis Within Bare-Metal Stents
Authors: Gregg W Stone, Stephen G Ellis, Charles D O'Shaughnessy, Steven L Martin, Lowell Satler, Thomas McGarry, Mark A Turco, Dean J Kereiakes, Lynne Kelley, Jeffrey J Popma, Mary E Russell
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Restenosis within bare-metal stents is often treated with repeat percutaneous coronary intervention, although subsequent recurrence rates are high, with vascular brachytherapy (VBT) affording the best results. The effectiveness of drug-eluting stents in this setting has not been established.To investigate the safety and efficacy of the polymer-based, slow-release paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with restenotic lesions after prior stent implantation in native coronary arteries.Prospective, multicenter, randomized trial conducted between June 6, 2003, and July 16, 2004, at 37 North American academic and community-based institutions in 396 patients with in-stent restenosis of a previously implanted bare-metal coronary stent (vessel diameter, 2.5-3.75 mm; lesion length, < or =46 mm).Patients were randomly assigned to undergo angioplasty followed by VBT with a beta source (n = 201) or paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation (n = 195). Clinical and angiographic follow-up at 9 months was scheduled in all patients.Ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization at 9 months.Diabetes mellitus was present in 139 patients (35.1%). Median reference vessel diameter was 2.65 mm and median lesion length was 15.3 mm. In the VBT group, new stents were implanted in 22 patients (10.9%) and in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group, multiple stents were required in 57 patients (29.2%), with median stent length of 24 mm. Follow-up at 9 months was complete in 194 patients in the VBT group and 191 patients in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group (96.5% and 97.9%, respectively). For VBT and paclitaxel-eluting stents, respectively, the number of events and 9-month rates for ischemic target lesion revascularization were 27 (13.9%) vs 12 (6.3%) (relative risk [RR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.86; P = .01); for ischemic target vessel revascularization, 34 (17.5%) vs 20 (10.5%) (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-1.00; P = .046); and for overall major adverse cardiac events, 39 (20.1%) vs 22 (11.5%) (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.93; P = .02), with similar rates of cardiac death or myocardial infarction (10 [5.2%] vs 7 [3.7%]; RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.28-1.83; P = .48) and target vessel thrombosis (5 [2.6%] vs 3 [1.6%]; RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.15-2.50; P = .72). Angiographic restenosis at 9 months was 31.2% (53 of 170 patients) with VBT and 14.5% (25 of 172 patients) with paclitaxel-eluting stents (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30-0.71; P<.001).Treatment of bare-metal in-stent restenotic lesions with paclitaxel-eluting stents rather than angioplasty followed by VBT reduces clinical and angiographic restenosis at 9 months and improves event-free survival.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00287573.
Antibody Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Anticancer Drug Development
Authors: Laetitia E. Lamberts, Simon P. Williams, Anton G.T. Terwisscha van Scheltinga, Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge, Carolien P. Schröder, Jourik A. Gietema, Adrienne H. Brouwers, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

More than 50 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including several antibody-drug conjugates, are in advanced clinical development, forming an important part of the many molecularly targeted anticancer therapeutics currently in development. Drug development is a relatively slow and expensive process, limiting the number of drugs that can be brought into late-stage trials. Development decisions could benefit from quantitative biomarkers, enabling visualization of the tissue distribution of (potentially modified) therapeutic mAbs to confirm effective whole-body target expression, engagement, and modulation and to evaluate heterogeneity across lesions and patients. Such biomarkers may be realized with positron emission tomography imaging of radioactively labeled antibodies, a process called immunoPET. This approach could potentially increase the power and value of early trials by improving patient selection, optimizing dose and schedule, and rationalizing observed drug responses. In this review, we summarize the available literature and the status of clinical trials regarding the potential of immunoPET during early anticancer drug development.
Compliance and reliability of electronic PEF monitoring in adolescents with asthma
Authors: V van der Meer
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Self-management education is the cornerstone of modern asthma care and consists of self-monitoring, transfer of information, a written action plan, and regular medical review.1 Current international guidelines recommend the use of home monitoring of peak expiratory flow (PEF) as a part of self-monitoring.2 PEF recordings potentially provide valuable information on risk prediction of asthma episodes and effectiveness of treatment.3 However, compliance and reliability of written PEF diaries is poor.4

Information and communication technologies (ICT) such as the internet and mobile phone short message service (SMS) are potentially powerful tools in the management of asthma. The use of these technologies enables adolescents to fit asthma management into their daily life activities. We therefore investigated the compliance and reliability of daily PEF measurements by adolescents with controlled and uncontrolled asthma symptoms using a handheld electronic spirometer and reporting the data via the internet or …
The hemodialysis prescription and quality-adjusted life expectancy. Renal Physicians Association Working Committee on Clinical Guidelines.
Authors: J C Hornberger
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

What comprises an optimal prescription for uremictoxin clearance in the chronic hemodialysis setting is a much disputed issue. The dispute is underscored by the rise in mortality of the U.S. dialysis population during the 1980s and reports of significant noncompliance with minimal treatment standards recommended from the National Cooperative Dialysis Study. A decision model was developed to summarize and test assumptions about the effect of various dialytic-treatment options on patient outcomes. Treatment options included delivered fractional urea clearance (Kt/V), dialysis-treatment duration, dialysis membrane (high flux versus conventional), dialysate (bicarbonate versus acetate), and ultrafiltration (controlled versus uncontrolled). The expected outcome for any set of treatment options was calculated as a function of a representative patient's life expectancy, adjusted for the probability and assumed importance of avoiding uremia- and treatment-related complications, referred to as quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE). QALE increased by 59 days for each 0.1-U increase in Kt/V and by 187 days with high-flux dialysis. Controlled ultrafiltration with bicarbonate dialysis increased QALE by 30 days compared with uncontrolled ultrafiltration with acetate dialysis. Sensitivity analyses showed that, under conservative assumptions, QALE increased 11 days for every 0.1 increment in Kt/V. The model afforded a framework for reviewing the literature and testing assumptions about the expected benefits of dialytic-treatment options for the development of a clinical guideline on the adequacy of dialysis.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an atypical presentation with lung cavitations
Authors: JO Praz, P Lorenzi, JC Chevrolet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

The differential diagnosis of lung cavitations is very broad. We report a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) with lung cavitations on the chest X-ray in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We discuss the differential diagnosis of such an X-ray pattern and emphasize that multiple cavitations can be a roentgenographic presentation of PCP.
Anti-IgE autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
Authors: L.D Kaufman, B.L Gruber, M.J Marchese, J.R Seibold
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

An enzyme immunoassay was used to determine the prevalence of anti-IgE auto-antibodies in 66 patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) stratified according to extent and duration of disease. Serum IgG anti-IgE antibodies were detected in 14 (21%) patients and IgM anti-IgE antibodies in nine (14%) patients. The overall prevalence of IgG or IgM isotypes was 21/66, (32%). Anti-IgE autoantibodies were not found in six patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease or two patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. Attempts to demonstrate histamine release from basophils in vitro by using serum samples containing high titre anti-IgE antibody were unsuccessful. By multivariate analysis the presence of anti-IgE antibody was not associated with duration of systemic sclerosis; extent of scleroderma; specific visceral features, including heart, lung, renal, and gastrointestinal involvement; or mortality.
Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Integrin Blockade With Eptifibatide in Coronary Stent Intervention
Authors: J. Conor O'Shea, Gail E. Hafley, Sally Greenberg, Vic Hasselblad, Todd J. Lorenz, Michael M. Kitt, John Strony, James E. Tcheng, None for the ESPRIT Investigators
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextThe Enhanced Suppression of the Platelet IIb/IIIa Receptor with Integrilin Therapy (ESPRIT) trial showed the efficacy of adjunctive, double-bolus eptifibatide therapy in reducing ischemic complications of nonurgent coronary stent implantation at 48 hours and at 30 days.Objective To determine whether the beneficial effects of eptifibatide persist at 6 months after treatment.Design Follow-up study of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossoverpermitted trial conducted from June 1999 through February 2000.Setting Ninety-two tertiary care centers in the United States and Canada.Participants A total of 2064 patients scheduled to undergo nonurgent percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation.Intervention Patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo or eptifibatide (two 180-µg/kg boluses 10 minutes apart and continuous infusion of 2.0 µg/kg per minute), started immediately before stent implantation and continued for 18 to 24 hours.Complete follow-up data were available for 988 (95.0%) of 1040 patients given eptifibatide and 977 (95.4%) of 1024 patients given placebo. Main Outcome MeasuresComposite rates of death or myocardial infarction (MI); death, MI, or target vessel revascularization; and their individual components 6 months after enrollment, compared between the 2 groups.Results By 6 months, the composite end point of death or MI had occurred in 7.5% of eptifibatide-treated patients and in 11.5% of placebo-treated patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.84;P=.002).The composite of death, MI, or target vessel revascularization was 14.2% in eptifibatide-treated patients vs 18.3% in placebo-treated patients (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.93;P=.008).Most of this benefit accrued early (Ͻ48 hours after initiation of therapy) and was maintained through 6 months.Sixmonth mortality in the eptifibatide group was 0.8% vs 1.4% in the placebo group (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.24-1.34;P=.19) and target vessel revascularization occurred in 8.6% of the eptifibatide group vs 9.4% of the placebo group (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.68-1.22;P=.51). ConclusionAdjunctive eptifibatide therapy during coronary stent implantation provides benefit through 6-month follow-up.
Translocation of Connexin 43 to the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane of Cardiomyocytes Through the Heat Shock Protein 90–Dependent TOM Pathway and Its Importance for Cardioprotection
Authors: Antonio Rodriguez-Sinovas, Kerstin Boengler, Alberto Cabestrero, Petra Gres, Miriam Morente, Marisol Ruiz-Meana, Ina Konietzka, Elisabet Miró, Andreas Totzeck, Gerd Heusch, Rainer Schulz, David Garcia-Dorado
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

We have previously shown that connexin 43 (Cx43) is present in mitochondria, that its genetic depletion abolishes the protection of ischemia- and diazoxide-induced preconditioning, and that it is involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in response to diazoxide. Here we investigated the intramitochondrial localization of Cx43, the mechanism of Cx43 translocation to mitochondria and the effect of inhibiting translocation on the protection of preconditioning. Confocal microscopy of mitochondria devoid of the outer membrane and Western blotting on fractionated mitochondria showed that Cx43 is located at the inner mitochondrial membrane, and coimmunoprecipitation of Cx43 with Tom20 ( T ranslocase of the o uter m embrane 20 ) and with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) indicated that it interacts with the regular mitochondrial protein import machinery. In isolated rat hearts, geldanamycin, a blocker of Hsp90-dependent translocation of proteins to the inner mitochondrial membrane through the TOM pathway, rapidly (15 minutes) reduced mitochondrial Cx43 content by approximately one-third in the absence or presence of diazoxide. Geldanamycin alone had no effect on infarct size, but it ablated the protection against infarction afforded by diazoxide. Geldanamycin abolished the 2-fold increase in mitochondrial Cx43 induced by 2 preconditioning cycles of ischemia/reperfusion, but this effect was not associated with reduced protection. These results demonstrate that Cx43 is transported to the inner mitochondrial membrane through translocation via the TOM complex and that a normal mitochondrial Cx43 content is important for the diazoxide-related pathway of preconditioning.
The clinical assessment of topical corticosteroid activity
Authors: LYN WILSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Glucocorticoid‐induced vasoconstrktion of human skin has provided a useful guide to topical anti‐inflammatory activity. The concentration and base in which a steroid is used influence this activity, and traditional greasy ointments are probably the most effective vehicles. Confirmation of clinical effectiveness should be by double‐blind comparison in patients with bilateral skin lesions. Psoriasis provides a more discriminating test of steroidal activity than eczema; the use of occlusive dressings may mask differences between compounds. Short‐term trials are informative but in patients with chronic disease, longer studies should also be done.
Combined radiochemotherapy for postoperative recurrence of oesophageal cancer.
Authors: J L Raoul, E Le Prise, B Meunier, V Julienne, P L Etienne, M Gosselin, B Launois
Journal: Gut (1995)

Postoperative recurrences are common after resection for oesophageal cancer. From January 1986 to September 1993 31 patients (30 males, one female, mean (SD) age: 57.5 (8.8) years) were treated for locoregional recurrence (n = 24), metastases (n = 6) or both (n = 1) occurring 15.0 (12.6) months after initial surgery. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were combined in all cases. Symptomatic improvement was seen in 23 cases (74%) and lasted (excluding treatment period) for 6.3 (4) months. Objective tumoral response was seen in 20 patients (65%) including eight (26%) complete responses. Survival rates were at respectively six months, one, two, and three years: 70.7%, 47.1%, 17.1%, 4.3%. In conclusion, these results show that combined therapy could have a beneficial symptomatic effect and can be associated with prolonged survival in patients with postoperative recurrences of oesophageal cancer.
Respiratory infections and tuberculosis
Authors: M. Decramer, C. Roussos, R. Loddenkemper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The present supplement of the European Respiratory Journal assembles a number of reviews on “Respiratory Infections and tuberculosis”. It emanates from a symposium held in Barcelona on 26th January 2002. The symposium was organised by the European Institute of Health Care, an institute set up by AstraZeneca. It was the third symposium of that kind organised by this Institute. The goals of the Institute were extensively discussed in Supplements 34 and 35 1, 2. We also elaborated on the potential role of pharmaceutical companies in the postgraduate education of chest physicians, together with other and perhaps more logical contributors to the field, such as national and international professional societies, governmental bodies and bodies related to the European Commission. The scientific programme of the meeting was put together by an independent programme committee.

At the core of this programme committee are the three editors of the present Supplement, who are united by nothing other than their commitment to postgraduate medical education and scientific …
Electrical Forces Determine Glomerular Permeability
Authors: Ralf Hausmann, Christoph Kuppe, Herbert Egger, Frank Schweda, Volker Knecht, Marlies Elger, Sylvia Menzel, Douglas Somers, Gerald Braun, Astrid Fuss, Sandra Uhlig, Wilhelm Kriz, George Tanner, Jürgen Floege, Marcus J. Moeller
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

There is ongoing controversy about the mechanisms that determine the characteristics of the glomerular filter. Here, we tested whether flow across the glomerular filter generates extracellular electrical potential differences, which could be an important determinant of glomerular filtration. In micropuncture experiments in Necturus maculosus, we measured a potential difference across the glomerular filtration barrier that was proportional to filtration pressure (-0.045 mV/10 cm H₂O). The filtration-dependent potential was generated without temporal delay and was negative within Bowman's space. Perfusion with the cationic polymer protamine abolished the potential difference. We propose a mathematical model that considers the relative contributions of diffusion, convection, and electrophoretic effects on the total flux of albumin across the filter. According to this model, potential differences of -0.02 to -0.05 mV can induce electrophoretic effects that significantly influence the glomerular sieving coefficient of albumin. This model of glomerular filtration has the potential to provide a mechanistic theory, based on experimental data, about the filtration characteristics of the glomerular filtration barrier. It provides a unique approach to the microanatomy of the glomerulus, renal autoregulation, and the pathogenesis of proteinuria.
Diagnostic Ultrasound in Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: R. H. Taylor
Journal: Gut (1979)

held on the campus of the University of Surrey on 18-21 September, with Dr C. C. Booth as President.This was the first meeting to start on Tuesday and end on Friday, and probably the last at which BSG and BSDE functioned as independent Socie- ties.Dr Klaus Schiller and his band of helpers are to be congratulated on the efficiency, friendliness, and imperturbability of their organisation and also on an entertaining and varied social pro- gramme.The banquet was outstanding.The scientific sessions, preceded by a teaching half-day, were supported by meetings of specialised groups representing hepatology, histopathology, and radiology.Altogether 178 papers were presented to the BSG and BSDE and additional work was discussed with the aid of posters.The Nobel Prize winner, Professor B. S. Blumberg, traced the history of the discovery of the Australia antigen before a capacity audience.
Effects of passive smoking on the pulmonary function of adults.
Authors: M R Masjedi, H Kazemi, D C Johnson
Journal: Thorax (1990)

The effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (passive smoking) on pulmonary function of non-smoking, healthy Iranian men (n = 167) and women (n = 108) were investigated. There were significant reductions in % predicted FEV1 (5.7%), forced vital capacity (FVC, 4.6%) and forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF25-75, 9.9%) among men exposed to cigarette smoke (n = 78). The adverse effect of passive smoking was greatest among men exposed at the workplace (reduction in % predicted FEV1 9.4%, FVC 7.6%, and FEF25-75 15.3%). No significant difference in pulmonary function was found among the 54 women exposed to passive smoke, but only eight women had smoke exposure at work. It is concluded that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, particularly at the workplace, adversely affects the pulmonary function of adults.
T1/St2-Deficient Mice Demonstrate the Importance of T1/St2 in Developing Primary T Helper Cell Type 2 Responses
Authors: Michael J. Townsend, Padraic G. Fallon, David J. Matthews, Helen E. Jolin, Andrew N.J. McKenzie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

We have generated mice with a deficiency in T1/ST2 expression to clarify the roles of T1/ST2 in T helper cell type 2 (Th2) responses. Using immunological challenges normally characterized by a Th2-like response, we have compared the responses of T1/ST2-deficient mice with those generated by wild-type mice. Using a primary pulmonary granuloma model, induced with Schistosoma mansoni eggs, we demonstrate that granuloma formation, characterized by eosinophil infiltration, is abrogated in T1/ST2-deficient mice. Furthermore, we clearly demonstrate that in the absence of T1/ST2 expression, the levels of Th2 cytokine production are severely impaired after immunization. Thus, in a secondary pulmonary granuloma model, draining lymph node cells from the T1/ST2-deficient animals produced significantly reduced levels of IL-4 and IL-5, despite developing granulomas of a magnitude similar to those of wild-type mice and comparable antigen-specific immunoglobulin isotype production. These data clearly demonstrate that T1/ST2 expression plays a role in the development of Th2-like cytokine responses and indicate that effector functions are inhibited in its absence.