tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibody-Dependent Killing of Tumor Cells by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. Involvement of Oxidative and Nonoxidative Mechanisms23
Authors: Franco Dallegri, Franco Patrone, Guido Frumento, Carlo Sacchetti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against Raji cells was used as a model system to investigate the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) mechanisms involved in tumor cell lysis. PMN killed target cells by nonoxidative means, as indicated by the following observations: 1) PMN from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), defective in their metabolic burst, lysed Raji cells normally; 2) impairment of the oxidative metabolism of normal PMN by phenylbutazone did not affect ADCC. Rosenthal's inhibitor of phospholipase A2 completely prevented the lysis, suggesting the involvement of this enzyme in the target cell damage. The inhibition of the Raji cell glutathione redox cycle by carmustine [1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)] increased cell susceptibility to PMN-mediated ADCC. This increment of lysis was related to oxidative killing systems. In fact, CGD PMN had an ADCC against BCNU-treated Raji cells lower than that mediated by normal PMN, but comparable to that observed with untreated targets, and phenylbutazone reduced the lysis of BCNU-treated Raji cells by normal PMN to the level observed with the use of untreated targets. The remaining ADCC against BCNU-treated Raji cells mediated by CGD PMN and by normal PMN in the presence of phenylbutazone was suppressed by Rosenthal's inhibitor. Thus PMN killed sensitized BCNU-treated Raji cells by use of both oxidative and nonoxidative means. The results indicate that 1) the interaction of sensitized Raji cells with PMN triggers simultaneously oxidative and nonoxidative potentially lytic systems and 2) the mediator(s) of Raji cell lysis actually operating may depend on the metabolic state of the target cells themselves. Therefore, the lysis of sensitized tumor cells might not reflect the simple effect of PMN tumoricidal systems; rather it should be regarded as a result of an inability of the target cells to escape the various PMN cytolytic mechanisms.
Effect of Concurrent Feeding of Tween 80 on the Carcinogenicity of Orally Administered 3-Methylcholanthrene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ting-Wa Wong, M. D., Danute S. Juras, B. S., Robert W. Wissler, Ph.D., M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

The results of this study indicate that Tween 80, when fed concurrently with methylcholanthrene, potentiates the local as well as distant carcinogenic activity of methylcholanthrene. This potentiation was evidenced by 1) an increase in the incidence and severity of tumors of the forestomach and proliferative changes of the glandular stomach, 2) an increase in the total tumor incidence in tissues distant from the gastrointestinal tract, and 3) an increase in the incidence of multiple primary neoplasms in individual animals.
Different Chromosome Morphology of Diploid and Aneuploid Malignant Cells 2
Authors: Felix Mitelman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Different Chromosome Morphology of Diploid and Aneuploid Malignant Cells Get access Felix Mitelman Felix Mitelman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 2, February 1974, Pages 561–564, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.6.561 Published: 01 February 1974 Article history Received: 20 August 1973 Accepted: 31 October 1973 Published: 01 February 1974
Targeting Future Health Care Expenditure Reductions
Authors: Alexander C. Schwed, Christian de Virgilio
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Disparate histologic responses in simultaneously resected primary and metastatic osteosarcoma following intravenous neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: J Nachman, M A Simon, L Dean, D Shermeta, P Dawson, N J Vogelzang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Seven patients with newly diagnosed metastatic osteosarcoma underwent simultaneous resection of the primary tumor and metastases following intravenous (IV) neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Histologic response was assessed in all tumor specimens. Disparate responses were noted between primary tumor and metastases and, in some cases, between two or more metastatic tumor deposits. The diverse histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy suggests tumor cell heterogeneity. Changing postoperative therapy on the basis of the histologic response induced in the primary tumor may not be appropriate.
Basic surgical training
Authors: S. Falder
Journal: BMJ (1999)

# Basic surgical training {#article-title-2}

The training and examination system of junior surgeons has recently been overhauled. What does this mean for junior doctors who choose to embark on a surgical career? How does the new set-up compare with the old one?

Although newly qualified surgeons will still lose the hard won title “doctor”, they will not be able to write after their name the initials FRCS, first awarded to Mr W J Erasmus Wilson in 1837, until they complete the exit exam some years later. The examination to become a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) has now been superseded by the introduction of a diploma for membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS). The first MRCS paper took place in April 1997, and the final opportunity to complete FRCS is October 2000.Practically speaking, basic surgical training culminating in the MRCS lasts a minimum of two years and replaces the two parts of the FRCS—applied basic science (ABS) and clinical surgery in general (CSiG). The existing intercollegiate examination (exit exam for each specialty) stands unaltered and becomes the final fellowship exam.The MRCS diploma involves a minimum of two years” clinical training, completion of a basic surgical skills course, and a three part examination.

Hospital posts must be approved by one of the four royal colleges of Edinburgh, England, Glasgow, or Ireland. The two years must include six months each in any two category 1 posts, which are posts in specialties that involve general care of surgical emergencies or care of critically ill patients—such as general surgery with emergency work, trauma and orthopaedics, and accident and emergency medicine. The remaining 12 months must be spent in approved posts in other specialties, which the senior house officer can choose—other category 1 posts or category 2 posts such as cardiothoracic, neurosurgery, and urology.

Most surgical training posts are now incorporated …
Bone mineral density of pretreatment Japanese women with breast cancer; Efficacy of oral bisphosphonates with aromatase inhibitor
Authors: K. Yamada, N. Kohno, H. Kaise, D. Ohta, A. Ogata, F. Ueno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

19679 Background: From the good results of the ATAC trial and the ITA trial, standard hormonal therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer has changed from tamoxifen to aromatase inhibitor. However concerning the rate of skeletal-related events(SREs) including bone fracture, osteopenia and osteoporosis, a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), It is reported that aromatase inhibitor cause higher than tamoxifen. According to the 2003 ASCO guidelines on the role of bisphosphonates in women with breast cancer, most women with newly diagnosed breast cancer are at risk of osteoporosis due to either their age or their breast cancer treatment. The purpose of the study is to investigate BMD of pretreatment Japanese women with breast cancer, and to investigate the efficacy of bisphosphonate for prevention from osteoporosis by aromatase inhibitor. Methods: From 2002, we have investigated BMD of 130 patients with breast cancer who underwent breast cancer operations in this hospital. BMD measurement was performed at A-P spine (L2–4) before treatment for breast cancer. The mean value of BMD for postmenopausal and premenopausal patients is compared with the value of average for Japanese women.Also we experienced 92 cases of postmenopausal breast cancer patients who were undergone breast cancer operations and take aromatase inhibitor after operations in this hospital. We selected 2 drugs. One is Anastrozole(Arimidex R ) as an aromatase inhibitor, and the other is Alendronate(Bonaron R ) as a oral bisphosphonate drug. Results: The mean value of BMD for postmenopausal and premenopausal patients is 0.823 (vs. 0.90 for average) and 1.013 (vs. 1.03), respectively. This study shows that BMD of postmenopausal patients is trend lower than average. Tumor markers did not show significant difference. In the other study, the number of NTX which patients take Alendronate with Anastrozole decreased about 40% than which patients take Anastrozole alone. Also the rate of SRE is lower. Conclusions: The results suggest that the efficacy of bisphosphonates for prevention from SREs by aromatase inhibitor. Also BMD measurement seems significant for breast cancer patients before treatment including hormonal therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis of dose intensity for adjuvant chemotherapy trials in stage II breast cancer.
Authors: G A Ratkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.1.161 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3543235 Analysis of dose intensity for adjuvant chemotherapy trials in stage II breast cancer. G A RatkinxG A RatkinSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1987.5.1.161 PDF "Analysis of dose intensity for adjuvant chemotherapy trials in stage II breast cancer.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5(1), pp. 161–162© 1987 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Effect of antithymocyte globulins (ATG) as part of the myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen on the risk of severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) from matched-unrelated donors (MUD)
Authors: M. Mohty, M. Balere, G. Socie, N. Milpied, N. Ifrah, J. L. Harousseau, M. Michallet, D. Blaise, H. Esperou, I. Yakoub-Agha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

7025 Here, we report the results of a multicenter retrospective study analyzing the effect of ATG, incorporated within the MAC regimen for MUD-transplants in leukemic patients. The purpose of the study was to compare the incidence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD as well as overall outcome. 171 adult patients with acute leukemia and MDS, for whom detailed allelic HLA typing (4 digits) was available, were included. 81% of patients were transplanted from 10/10 allelic MUD, and 19% from a MUD with at least one allelic difference. 120 patients (70%) did not receive ATG (no-ATG group), while 51 patients received ATG (ATG group; thymoglobuline* in all cases) as part of the MAC regimen. Except for a significantly higher number of allelic differences between recipient and donor (33% vs. 13%; p = 0.002), the no-ATG and ATG groups were strictly comparable. With a median follow-up of 30.3 (range, 2.6–68.1) months, grade 0–1 and 2–4 acute GVHD occurred in 74 (46%) and 88 patients (54%) respectively, with grade 3–4 acute GVHD being significantly lower in the ATG group (18% vs. 32%; p = 0.04). Extensive chronic GVHD was significantly lower in the ATG group (5% vs. 33%; p = 0.001). Patients from the ATG group had a higher incidence of limited chronic GVHD (33% vs. 18%; p = 0.06). Moreover, infection-related mortality was comparable between both groups (23% vs. 27%, p = NS). Also, NRM was comparable between both groups (30% vs. 29%; p = NS). In multivariate analysis, an HLA allelic mismatch and the non-use of ATG were associated with an increased risk of grade 3–4 acute GVHD (RR = 2.80, 95% CI, 1.5–5.3, p = 0.001; and RR = 2.4, 95% CI, 1.1–5.0, p = 0.02 respectively). Similarly, multivariate analysis showed that the absence of use of ATG was the unique parameter associated with an increased risk of extensive chronic GVHD (RR = 6.9; 95% CI, 1.7–29.0, p = 0.008). Finally, LFS and OS at 2 years were not significantly different between the no-ATG and ATG group (48.8% vs. 41.3%, p = NS; and 53.6% vs. 54.3%, p = NS; respectively). These results suggest a global long-term beneficial effect of ATG when used as part of the MAC regimen prior to allo-SCT from MUD (especially in the HLA mismatch setting). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The effects of M-protein fraction of hemolytic Streptococci on embryonic heart in the rat.
Authors: Koichiro Miyata, Tamotsu Jitosho, Tetsuo Takesue, Shuzo Munakata, Seigo Ono, Eiji Yamamoto, Kiyoshi Kawakami, Tamotsu Terawaki
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Wistar rats were administered M-protein fraction (MP) of group A type 12 hemolytic streptococci on day 9 of gestation. When 9 mg/kg of MP was injected, the incidence of malformations was 11.8%, and the incidence of cardiovascular malformations was 7.9%. The main malformations were ventricular septal defect, microphthalmia, and hydrocephaly. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed no myocarditis nor endocarditis in either the maternal or fetal heart. Fluorescent antibody technique demonstrated no immunological cross-reaction between MP and rat heart tissue. The results suggest that MP is slightly teratogenic in the rat.
Pectus excavatum in paintings by Jusepe de Ribera (1591–1652)
Authors: Davide Lazzeri, Fabio Nicoli
Journal: Thorax (2016)

The intensity of realism pursued by Caravaggio in contrast with Mannerism was amplified by his followers (“ Caravaggisti” ); these included the Spanish painter, Jusepe de Ribera, with his tenebristic style as classified by the early biographers.1 Indeed, de Ribera mastered the Caraveggesque chiaroscuro and gained widespread popularity as a result of his lifelike naturalism, becoming the most influential Spanish Baroque painter. He depicted dramatic and sinister scenes of tortured saints with faces contorted in pain, mutilated and ageing bodies adorned with sagging flesh, gruesome martyrdoms and societal outcasts.1

The great realism of de Ribera is shown in masterpieces in which anatomical abnormalities or medical diseases afflicted the sitters. Such works included The Clubfoot (arthrogryposis), The Bearded Woman (endocrinological disease), The Allegory of Touch (blindness) and the drawings of The Grotesque Heads of Men (thyroid goitre). Interestingly, we have …
Elimination Of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) In AML Patients With a Novel Fc-Optimized FLT3 Antibody (4G8-SDIEM)
Authors: Helmut R. Salih, Martin Hofmann, Ludger Grosse-Hovest, Tina Nuebling, Maximilian Bamberg, Steffen Aulwurm, Hans-Joerg Buehring, Wolfgang A. Bethge, Lothar Kanz, Gundram Jung
Journal: Blood (2013)
Five minutes with . . . Johann Malawana, chair of BMA’s Junior Doctors Committee
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Earlier this month 98% of junior doctors in England who took part in a BMA ballot voted in favour of industrial action against changes to their contract. Despite this mandate for action, the BMA is still keen to avert the action and reach a negotiated agreement, Johann Malawana tells <i>The BMJ</i>
Abstract 2664: Arrhythmia Protection Insights From a Hibernating Animal
Authors: Lai-Hua Xie, Lin Yan, Raymond K Kudej, Athanasios P Peppas, Zhenghang Zhao, Hui Ge, Nadezhda Fefelova, Bei You, You-Tang Shen, Dorothy E Vatner, Stephen F Vatner
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Hibernating animals are resistant to either hypothermia- or nonhypothermia-induced cardiac arrhythmias. However, their resistance to ischemia-induced arrhythmias at the time of hibernation is not k...
Genomic profiling as predictor of early risk and outcome in head and neck cancer (H&amp;NC)
Authors: J. Carles, M. Monzó, M. Amat, A. Navarro, R. Artells, A. Gayete, F. Ferré, J. Comas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3053 Background: We have previously shown an association between functional polymorphisms in genes involved in DNA repair and outcome in patients (pts) with H&NC. Here in we report the association between different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in tobacco metabolism and H&NC risk and ulterior outcome. Methods: 183 pts diagnosed at our Institution of H&NC have been studied. PCR allelic discrimination (ABI prism 7700 sequence detector) has been used to examine SNPs in DNA. SNPs related to tobacco carcinogenesis were as follow: MDR1(C193T UTR3’), MDR2 (Ile1144Met) CYP1B1–1(A1564G,UTR3’),CYP1B1–2, (T1110C,UTR5’) NAT2–1 (Arg197Gln), NAT2–2 (Gln286Glu), EPHX1–1(Tyr113His) y EPOXH1–2, (His139Arg). Results: Our cohort of pts comprised 168 males and 15 females with a median age of 69,2 (range 42,7–97,5). Tumor locations were: Larynx in 93 pts, oral cavity and oropharynx in 28 respectively, hypopharynx in 17 pts and 18 pts other locations. Stage I in 35 pts, stage II in 29, stage III in 31 stage IV in 82 and 6 CI. We have found significant associations between survival and CYP1B1–1 and NAT2–1. Median follow-up of the whole series is 28 months. Pts with wild type (wt) CYP1B1–1(AA) had a median survival of 31 months vs (AG and GG) who had a survival of 21 m. (p:0.01). For NAT 2–1 pts with wt (GG) had a median survival of 28 m (0% vs 47%) for (GA and AA) (p=0.03). We have also observed that pts who were heterozygotes (CT) and SNP homozygotes (CC) for CYP1B1–2 had a higher risk of H&NC at younger age (median 5 years) than pts with wt TT (p=0.03). Conclusions: Genomic polymorphisms in CYP1B1–1 and NAT2–1 could be useful in predicting outcome and CYP1B1–2 could increase susceptibility to develop H&NC. Further studies are needed to delineate clear mechanistic explanation fort he reported associations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
O019 : The value of different non-invasive tests for predicting the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension and esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients
Authors: S. Bota, T. Purevsambuu, T. Reiberger, M. Mandorfer, P. Schwabl, W. Sieghart, M. Trauner, A. Ferlitsch, M. Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Partial Reversion of the Metastatic Phenotype in a Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Resistant Mutant of the Murine Tumor Cell Line MDAY-D2 Selected With &lt;italic&gt;Bandeiraea simplicifolia&lt;/italic&gt; Seed Lectin&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J W Dennis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

MDW4, a wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-resistant (WGAr) mutant of the metastatic murine tumor cell line MDAY-D2, was previously shown to be nonmetastatic in the syngeneic DBA/2 host. A substantial portion of the asparagine (Asn)-linked carbohydrate in MDW4 terminated in N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and appeared to be a premature truncation product of the sialylated poly-N-acetyllactosamine-containing complex found in MDAY-D2 cells. This lesion in carbohydrate structure has been shown to contribute to the more adhesive behavior of MDW4 cells on laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen and to the increased sensitivity of MDW4 to natural killer (NK) cell lysis in vitro. For further characterization of the relationship between Asn-linked carbohydrate structures, cell adhesion, NK cell sensitivity, and metastasis, mutants of MDW4 were selected for resistance to the GlcNAc-binding lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds (BSII). Three independently selected BSII-resistant (BSMr) mutants of MDW4 chosen for further study had a lectin resistance phenotype intermediate between that of MDAY-D2 and that of MDW4. Plasma membrane glycoproteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with iodinated WGA, BSII, and leukoagglutinin also indicated an intermediate phenotype, with the presence of both GIcNAc-terminating structures and sialylated complex. Compared to MDW4, the BSIIr mutants of MDW4 showed a return to the more malignant phenotype of MDAY-D2 when injected iv. The double mutants were less sensitive to NK cell lysis in vitro and to the in vivo effects of the NK cell boosting agent polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. The double mutants retained the ability to attach to fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV in vitro, a property that may have contributed to their low malignancy when the cells were injected sc. MDW4 cells have been shown to fuse at low frequency with host-derived bone marrow cells at the sc site of injection, thereby acquiring the wildtype lectin resistance and metastatic phenotypes. The same process appears to occur in mice given an injection of the double mutants. The results suggest that the WGA-binding oligosaccharides found in MDAY-D2 and the BSIIr mutants of MDW4 enhance the malignant phenotype of the cells in the experimental metastasis assay.
Big flies, small repeats: the "Thr-Gly" region of the period gene in Diptera.
Authors: J Nielsen, A A Peixoto, A Piccin, R Costa, C P Kyriacou, D Chalmers
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1994)

The region of the clock gene period (per) that encodes a repetitive tract of threonine-glycine (Thr-Gly) pairs has been compared between Dipteran species both within and outside the Drosophilidae. All the non-Drosophilidae sequences in this region are short and present a remarkably stable picture compared to the Drosophilidae, in which the region is much larger and extremely variable, both in size and composition. The accelerated evolution in the repetitive region of the Drosophilidae appears to be mainly due to an expansion of two ancestral repeats, one encoding a Thr-Gly dipeptide and the other a pentapeptide rich in serine, glycine, and asparagine or threonine. In some drosophilids the expansion involves a duplication of the pentapeptide sequence, but in Drosophila pseudoobscura both the dipeptide and the pentapeptide repeats are present in larger numbers. In the nondrosophilids, however, the pentapeptide sequence is represented by one copy and the dipeptide by two copies. These observations fulfill some of the predictions of recent theoretical models that have simulated the evolution of repetitive sequences.