tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Missing Patient-Reported Outcome Data in an Adjuvant Lung Cancer Study
Authors: Stephanie R. Land
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

In this issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology, Bezjak et al 1 describe important results regarding patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in adjuvant therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer.Because the clinical outcomes for their study proved favorable for the chemotherapy, patients and their care providers will welcome the patient-reported information.The PROs will help future patients anticipate how the therapy will affect their lives.It will also help them distinguish symptoms associated with treatment from symptoms of cancer recurrence, an all-important distinction for an adjuvant patient.As important as this article is for the treatment of lung cancer, it is also of methodologic interest because it illustrates several issues regarding missing data in PROs.There were four sources of missing data by design: patients assigned to the observation group were not assessed at weeks 5 and 9; patients were not expected to complete assessments if they did not receive their assigned therapy; patients were not expected to continue assessments after cancer recurrence; and patients were not expected to continue in the PRO substudy if they did not complete the baseline assessment.There were also missing data as a result of low adherence.Regarding the data that were missing as a result of low adherence, the authors should be applauded for providing information about compliance at each time point and for examining compliance differences according to patient characteristics and treatment group.However, a more complete analysis would have used logistic mixed-effects models to include all time points rather than just baseline in the analysis of patient characteristics (eg, as in Land et al 2 ).Patients with different characteristics might have been more likely to drop out over time.In addition, it is unfortunate that the significant patient differences they found in baseline compliance were not further explored to determine how they might have affected the treatment group comparisons and overall conclusions.The authors also compared compliance between treatment groups at each time point and declared them comparable.However, in the long-term assessments, the observation group had consistently higher compliance.The differences were nontrivial in magnitude (up to 10%) and reached the level of a statistical trend (P Ͻ .1) at both 9 and 12 months.A longitudinal analysis of compliance might well have found a significant difference during the longterm period.The provision of PRO completion rates by time point, including available sample sizes and the percentages submitted of those expected, should become standard for PRO articles.This can be in
Polyclonal immunoglobulins for intravenous use induce interleukin 10 release in vivo and in vitro
Authors: R J Lories
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Figure 1 Active genital ulcer of the left labium majus together with genital scars.(A) Before the first infusion with infliximab; (B) 2 weeks after the first infusion; (C) 4 weeks after the second infusion.744 www.annrheumdis.com
Different propensity of coronary restenosis: Comparison between cutting balloon, conventional balloon and atherectomy
Authors: Raoul Bonan, Olivier F. Bertrand, Alan Adelman, Michel Joyal, Christina Utenberg, Andreas Zeiher, Jean-Marc Lablanche, Michel Bertrand, Peter de Jaegere, Peter Ruygrok
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Platelet Inhibition with Cangrelor in Patients Undergoing PCI
Authors: Robert A. Harrington, Gregg W. Stone, Steven McNulty, Harvey D. White, A. Michael Lincoff, C. Michael Gibson, Charles V. Pollack, Gilles Montalescot, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Neal S. Kleiman, Shaun G. Goodman, Maged Amine, Dominick J. Angiolillo, Richard C. Becker, Derek P. Chew, William J. French, Franz Leisch, Keyur H. Parikh, Simona Skerjanec, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Cangrelor, a nonthienopyridine adenosine triphosphate analogue, is an intravenous blocker of the adenosine diphosphate receptor P2Y12. This agent might have a role in the treatment of patients who require rapid, predictable, and profound but reversible platelet inhibition.
Home tracheotomy mechanical ventilation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: causes, complications and 1-year survival
Authors: J. Sancho, E. Servera, J. L. Diaz, P. Banuls, J. Marin
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Home tracheotomy mechanical ventilation (HTMV) can prolong survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) when non-invasive ventilation (NIV) fails, but knowledge about HTMV is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of tracheotomy and the main issues of 1-year HTMV in a cohort of patients with ALS. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective study of all patients needing HTMV was performed in a referral respiratory care unit (RCU) from April 2001 to January 2010. Patients9 informed decisions about HTMV were fully respected. Caregivers were trained and could telephone the RCU. Hospital staff made home visits. <h3>Results</h3> All patients (n=116) agreed to participate and a tracheotomy was needed for 76, mainly due to bulbar dysfunction. Of the 38 who had a tracheotomy, in 21 it was performed in an acute setting and in 17 as a non-emergency procedure. In 19 patients the tracheotomy was related to the inadequacy of mechanically assisted coughing (MAC) to maintain normal oxygen saturation. During HTMV, 19 patients required hospitalisation, 12 with respiratory problems. The 1-year survival rate was 78.9%, with a mean survival of 10.39 months (95% CI 9.36 to 11.43). Sudden death was the main cause of death (n=9) and only one patient died from respiratory causes. No predictive factors for survival were found. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Besides NIV inadequacy, the ineffectiveness of mechanically assisted coughing appears to be a relevant cause of tracheotomy for patients with ALS with severe bulbar dysfunction. Patients choosing HTMV provided by a referral RCU could have a good 1-year survival rate, respiratory problems being the main cause of hospitalisation but not of death.
Correction of type IV (mixed level) total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
Authors: M. C. Neligan, E. O'Malley, S. Blake
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Successful correction of type IV (mixed level) total anomalous pulmonary venous connexion (TAPVC) in a 5-year-old boy is reported. The actual pathway of the pulmonary venous drainage in this case has not previously been described in the literature.
Genetic sensitivity to the environment, across lifetime
Authors: Judith R. Homberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract The target article by Charney convincingly argues that genomic plasticity perinatally induced by the environment creates a complication in determining which parts of behavior are attributed to nature and which to nurture. I argue that real life is even more complex because (1) genotype influences sensitivity to environmental stimuli, and (2) the genome continues to be modified throughout life.
Pretreatment serum levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies are associated with the response to methotrexate in recent-onset arthritis
Authors: K Visser, K N Verpoort, H van Dongen, S M van der Kooij, C F Allaart, R E M Toes, T W J Huizinga, A H M van der Helm-van Mil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<b>Background:</b> A low forced vital capacity (FVC) is associated with all-cause mortality even among people without respiratory symptoms. The effect it has on quality of life (QoL) is less clear. <b>Aims:</b> To assess the relationship between FVC and QoL in the multinational BOLD (Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease) study and explore differences by country gross national income. <b>Methods:</b> We used data from 27,653 adults (≥40 years), from 41 sites, participating in the BOLD study who had provided acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometry measurements and information on the quality of their mental and physical health. To assess the association between FVC and QoL within each site, we used linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. Effect estimates from all sites were then combined using meta‑analysis. <b>Results:</b> We found a positive association between post-bronchodilator FVC and QoL. In particular, for each litre increase in FVC, the mental health score increased by 0.49 (β-coef.=0.49, 95%CI 0.32-0.66). Similarly, higher FVC was associated with higher physical health score (β-coef.=1.47. 95%CI 1.17-1.77). The association with physical health was stronger and less heterogeneous in high-income sites (β-coef.=1.98, 95%CI 1.65-2.31, I2=25.4%) compared to low- and middle-income sites (β-coef.=1.15, 95%CI 0.77-1.53, I<sup>2</sup>=71.2%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that people with larger lungs are more likely to have better QoL. Although the mechanism underlying this association is unclear, it is likely that interventions to improve lung development during childhood and to maintain good lung function during adulthood would help to secure a better QoL.
Unrecognized Voiding Difficulty in Female Type 2 Diabetic Patients in the Diabetes Clinic
Authors: Hong-Jeng Yu, Wei-Chia Lee, Shih-Ping Liu, Tong-Yuag Tai, Huey-Peir Wu, Jun Chen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Patients with diabetes may develop diabetic cystopathy, which is characterized mainly by impaired detrusor sensation and contractility (1,2). Impaired detrusor contractility may lead to incomplete bladder emptying and subsequently result in voiding difficulty, urinary retention, chronic urinary tract infection (UTI), and upper urinary tract damage (1,3,4). Although diabetic cystopathy is common, with a reported prevalence ranging from 25 to 87% (1), it is frequently not recognized by patients and physicians due to its insidious development and inconspicuous symptoms. Usually, genitourinary dysfunction in diabetic patients has reached an advanced stage by the time urologists are consulted. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of voiding difficulty in female patients regularly treated in the diabetes outpatient clinic.

From July 2001 to June 2003, we conducted a prospective study to compare voiding function between 176 female type 2 diabetic patients and 162 age-matched nondiabetic women. Diabetic patients were regularly treated in the diabetes outpatient clinic for >1 year, and nondiabetic women were mostly hospital employees or family members of admitted patients in the urological ward, none of whom had ever sought treatment for voiding dysfunction. Those with coexisting medical factors that could affect voiding function were excluded. …
Intramuscular gluteal injections in the increasingly obese population: retrospective study
Authors: Andrew Charles Nisbet
Journal: BMJ (2006)

To examine depth of subcutaneous fat at gluteal intramuscular injection sites.Retrospective study.General hospital.100 consecutive adults who had computed tomography of the pelvis.Minimum distance between the surface of the skin and the nearest edge of muscle at intramuscular injection sites.12 patients had a ventrogluteal site depth of more than 35 mm, the maximum depth of a green needle, and 26 had a ventrogluteal depth of more than 25 mm, the maximum depth of a blue needle. 43 patients had a dorsogluteal site depth of more than 35 mm, and 72 had a dorsogluteal depth of more than 25 mm. The intramuscular site was likely to be deeper in women.Standard green and blue needles do not reach the gluteal muscles in a considerable number of patients.
Contrasting Rates of Mitochondrial Molecular Evolution in Parasitic Diptera and Hymenoptera
Authors: L. R. Castro, A. D. Austin, M. Dowton
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

We investigated the putative association between the parasitic lifestyle and an accelerated rate of mt genetic divergence, compositional bias, and gene rearrangement, employing a range of parasitic and nonparasitic Diptera and Hymenoptera. Sequences were obtained for the cox1, cox2, 16S, 28S genes, the regions between the cox2 and atp8 genes, and between the nad3 and nad5 genes. Relative rate tests indicated generally that the parasitic lifestyle was not associated with an increased rate of genetic divergence in the Diptera but reaffirmed that it was in the Hymenoptera. Similarly, a departure from compositional stationarity was not associated with parasitic Diptera but was in parasitic Hymenoptera. Finally, mitochondrial (mt) gene rearrangements were not observed in any of the dipteran species examined. The results indicate that these genetic phenomena are not accelerated in parasitic Diptera compared with nonparasitic Diptera. A possible explanation for the differences in the rate of mt molecular evolution in parasitic Diptera and Hymenoptera is the extraordinary level of radiation that has occurred within the parasitic Hymenoptera but not in any of the dipteran parasitic lineages. If speciation events in the parasitic Hymenoptera are associated with founder events, a faster rate of molecular evolution is expected. Alternatively, biological differences between endoparasitic Hymenoptera and endoparasitic Diptera may also account for the differences observed in molecular evolution.
Uses of Streptomycin
Authors: P. D. Hart
Journal: BMJ (1948)

We report a case of a 11-year-old boy who presented with a massive soft tissue right cervical painless and progressive lesion displacing trachea to the left and extending into the anteriosuperior mediastinum which was diagnosed to be a lipomatous mass on chest CT scan. Subsequent biopsy and total excision proved it to be a giant cervicomediastinal thymolipoma. It was successfully excised with excellent prognosis and long-term results. A giant paediatric cervicomediastinal thymolipoma is a rare, benign, mediastinal mass of thymic origin. It may remain asymptomatic despite massive size and up to 50% in some series are associated with autoimmune disease. CT scan gives fat density and encapsulated benign nature and biopsy usually establishes the diagnosis. Preoperative tissue diagnosis is important as now the availability of thoracoscopic option is best suited to reduce morbidity. Treatment of choice is total excision using open surgical, minimal invasive techniques or robotic surgery and the prognosis is excellent.
Degeneration of Olfactory Receptor Gene Repertories in Primates: No Direct Link to Full Trichromatic Vision
Authors: A. Matsui, Y. Go, Y. Niimura
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Odor molecules in the environment are detected by olfactory receptors (ORs), being encoded by a large multigene family in mammalian genomes. It is generally thought that primates are vision oriented and dependent weakly on olfaction. Previous studies suggested that Old World monkeys (OWMs) and hominoids lost many functional OR genes after the divergence from New World monkeys (NWMs) due to the acquisition of well-developed trichromatic vision. To examine this hypothesis, here we analyzed OR gene repertoires of five primate species including NWMs, OWMs, and hominoids for which high-coverage genome sequences are available, together with two prosimians and tree shrews with low-coverage genomes. The results showed no significant differences in the number of functional OR genes between NWMs (marmosets) and OWMs/hominoids. Two independent analyses, identification of orthologous genes among the five primates and estimation of the numbers of ancestral genes by the reconciled tree method, did not support a sudden loss of OR genes at the branch of the OWMs/hominoids ancestor but suggested a gradual loss in every lineage. Moreover, we found that humans retain larger numbers of ancestral OR genes that were in the common ancestor of NWMs/OWMs/hominoids than orangutans and macaques and that the OR gene repertoire in humans is more similar to that of marmosets than those of orangutans and macaques. These results suggest that the degeneration of OR genes in primates cannot simply be explained by the acquisition of trichromatic vision, and our sense of smell may not be inferior to other primate species.
Complete Regression of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma by Multiple Injections of Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Dodecameric TRAIL and HSV-TK
Authors: Sae Won Kim, Su Jin Kim, Sang Hoon Park, Hyun Gul Yang, Moon Cheol Kang, Young Woo Choi, Seong Muk Kim, Sin-Soo Jeun, Young Chul Sung
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Durable complete remission of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has rarely been achieved with current treatment modalities. To solve this problem, alternative therapeutic options with high efficacy and minimal side effects are strongly needed.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were engineered to coexpress dodecameric TRAIL and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (MSC/dTRAIL-TK). The antitumor effects of MSCs expressing dTRAIL (MSC/dTRAIL) or HSV-TK alone (MSC/TK) and MSC/dTRAIL-TK were compared with murine RCC cells using in vitro coculture system and in vivo experimental lung metastasis model. The effects of different doses and schedules of engineered MSCs on mice survival were also evaluated.MSC/dTRAIL-TK exerted stronger apoptotic response in Renca cells than did MSC/TK or MSC/dTRAIL after ganciclovir (GCV) treatment. In vivo imaging results suggest that MSCs reside longer in the lungs of metastatic tumor-bearing mice, compared with that of control mice, regardless of genetic engineering. In addition, MSC/dTRAIL-TK treatment followed by ganciclovir administrations significantly decreased the number of tumor nodules in the lung, to a greater degree than MSC/dTRAIL or MSC/TK, and led to a prolonged survival. More importantly, the antimetastatic effect of MSC/dTRAIL-TK was markedly enhanced by repeated injections but not by increased dose, and resulted in 100% survival of tumor-bearing mice after three injections.Sequential combination gene therapy using MSC/dTRAIL-TK achieved long-term remission of metastatic RCC without noticeable toxicity. Our findings provide an innovative therapeutic approach to completely eradicate metastatic tumors by simple, repeated administrations of MSC/dTRAIL-TK.
Enterochromaffin cell and 5-hydroxytryptamine responses to the same infectious agent differ in Th1 and Th2 dominant environments
Authors: Y Motomura, J-E Ghia, H Wang, H Akiho, R T El-Sharkawy, M Collins, Y Wan, J T McLaughlin, W I Khan
Journal: Gut (2007)

<h3>Background/aim:</h3> 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released from enterochromaffin cells influences intestinal homeostasis by altering gut physiology and is implicated in the pathophysiology of various gut disorders. The mechanisms regulating 5-HT production in the gut remain unclear. This study investigated the T helper (Th) 1/Th2-based immunoregulation of enterochromaffin cell function and 5-HT production in a model of enteric infection. <h3>Methods and results:</h3> <i>Trichuris muris</i>-infected AKR (susceptible to infection and generates Th1 response), BALB/c (resistant to infection and generates Th2 response), Stat4-deficient (impaired in Th1 response) and Stat6-deficient (impaired in Th2 response) mice were investigated to assess enterochromaffin cells, 5-HT and cytokines. In association with the generation of a Th2 response we observed higher enterochromaffin cell numbers and 5-HT content in the colon of BALB/c mice compared with AKR mice. Numbers of enterochromaffin cells and amount of 5-HT were significantly lower in Stat6-deficient mice after infection compared with Stat4-deficient mice. In addition, enterochromaffin cell numbers and 5-HT content were significantly higher after reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient mice with in-vitro polarised Th2 cells. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The study demonstrated that enterochromaffin cell and 5-HT responses to the same infectious agent are influenced by Th1 or Th2 cytokine predominance and suggests that the immunological profile of the inflammatory response is important in the regulation of enterochromaffin cell biology in the gut. In addition to new data on enterochromaffin cell function in enteric infection and inflammation, this study provides important information on the immuno–endocrine axis in the gut, which may ultimately lead to improved strategies against gut disorders.
Is There Such a Thing as a Renal Stem Cell?
Authors: Melissa H. Little, John F. Bertram
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Increasing interest in the potential of adult stem cells in regenerative medicine has led to numerous studies focused on the identification of endogenous renal stem cells within the mature mammalian kidney. A variety of approaches have been taken to identify such cells, including physical location, cell surface marker expression, and functional properties. Proof of clonogenicity or renal potential remains questionable, and few such populations have been characterized in humans; however, recent evidence that even podocytes, a cell type with limited proliferative capacity under normal conditions, are constantly regenerated from a population within the Bowman's capsule has breathed new life into the quest for a renal stem cell. Here we examine whether current evidence is sufficient to conclude such a population does indeed exist or whether the jury is still out. We also ask which properties we would wish such a cell to possess to allow for repair of the diseased kidney.
FIELD AMBULANCE WORK AT ANZAC
Authors: C. M. Begg
Journal: BMJ (1915)

IT Mcay be of i-nterest to -your readers to hamve a short niote on .thespecial difficulties aind dangers wihich beset fieldln ambulance wi-ork in the duties suUi a unit lhas to perform at Anzac.Thic facts that all vwork had to be carried out under contin-uous slhell anid rifle fire, that the country is excep- tionally rouglh and.precipitous, and-that no roads, and consequently no transport except hand carriage, is possible, render tlhe vale of tlhe field ambiulance uniquely difficult and daingerous.We sooni founld( thlat the; protection afforded by t4e barricades of -equipment was illuisory, as shrapnel bullets camle freely through the roof, and finally a sliell came through a stationery box and' burst inside the dressinog station.We then built up thle 'walls with sandbaas to the hleight of about 7 ft., and by breaking up tlle shattered boats of tile first landinig party we got enouagh wood to cover in part of the ro^of; over this we heaped earth to tlle