tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Elucidation of the Relationship between Collagen and Elastin: An Electron-Microscopic Study
Authors: M. K. Keech, R. Reed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

Any information on the reaction of the fibrous connective tissue components to various reagents, particularly enzymes, is of interest in the fields of both health and disease.Until some understanding of the normal interrelationships of these structures is reached, no firm attempt to explain pathological findings can be made.Although it is dangerous to extrapolate test-tube results in explanation of changes found in vivo, most of the agents and con- ditions used in the present study are not too far removed from possible conditions in living mammals.Elastase and hyaluronidase are manufactured in man and recently collagenase activity has been demon- strated in canine pancreatic juice (Ziffren and Hosie, 1955).The mildly alkaline solutions employed could represent a pH value reached in pathological tissue, and most of the experiments were conducted at body temperature.Although previous work (Keech, Reed, and Wood, 1956) demonstrated that "moth-eaten" fibres (MEF) were intermediate structures midway between collagen and elastin, the present study shows without doubt that a further range of agents (physical, chemical, enzymatic) can cause breakdown of these structures to "elastin".Concurrent experiments on elastin are described, and objections raised to the use of the standard elastin substrate for electron micro- scopic work. Materials and MethodsPrepared Collagen.-One of the same substrates used in previous work (Keech, 1954, 1955; Keech * Empire Rheumatism Council Research Fellow.and others, 1956) was chosen for use throughout this study as it was known that the deposit, after incuba- tion with collagenase for 24 hrs, consisted almost entirely of "moth-eaten" fibres.Preparations of "Moth-Eaten" Fibres (MEF).Prepared collagen from the abdominal skin of a 2-year-old child was incubated with collagenase in phosphate buffer (pH 7 * 3) for 24 hrs at 370 C. The remaining material was centrifuged and the pellet treated in one of the following ways:(a) Re-suspended in borate buffer (pH 8 8) and incubated at 370 C., samples being taken after 3, 12, and 24 hrs.(b) Re-suspended in borate buffer (pH 8 * 8) contain- ing 0 *2 mg.elastase, samples being taken as in (a).(c) Re-suspended in phosphate buffer (pH 7 -3) and a further 0*5 mg. of collagenase added.Samples were taken after 3, 6, and 12 hrs incubation at 370 C.(d) Re-suspended in sterile distilled water in a dialysis bag and submitted to ultrasonic radiation for 30 min.at 25°C.(e) Re-suspended in sterile distilled water containing half an ampoule of Benger's "Hyalase" and incubated at 370 C. Samples were taken at I j, 3, 6, and 24 hrs.35
Guidelines for the management of transient ischemic attacks. From the Ad Hoc Committee on Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks of the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association.
Authors: W M Feinberg, G W Albers, H J Barnett, J Biller, L R Caplan, L P Carter, R G Hart, R W Hobson, R A Kronmal, W S Moore
Journal: Circulation (1994)
Introduction of Japanese Society of Oral Implantology
Authors: Takayoshi Kawazoe
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2009)

In response to the significant advancement of oral implantology around the world, the Japanese Society of Oral Implantology (JSOI) was established in 1972.Its purpose is to promote and improve oral implantology in Japan, and introduce safe and predictable implant treatment methods.The Japanese Society of Oral Implantology consists of six local branches (Figure 1), which are responsible for organizing academic conferences and training sessions at designated facilities.They also play important roles in communities by enhancing knowledge and skills necessary for oral implant treatment and providing education and training in oral implantology for local dentists.
Air Pollution Exposures During Adulthood and Risk of Endometriosis in the Nurses’ Health Study II
Authors: Shruthi Mahalingaiah, Jaime E. Hart, Francine Laden, Ann Aschengrau, Stacey A. Missmer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Particulate matter and proximity to large roadways may promote disease mechanisms, including systemic inflammation, hormonal alteration, and vascular proliferation, that may contribute to the development and severity of endometriosis.Our goal was to determine the association of air pollution exposures during adulthood, including distance to road, particulate matter<2.5 μm, between 2.5 and 10 μm, and <10 μm, (PM2.5, PM10-2.5, PM10), and timing of exposure with risk of endometriosis in the Nurses' Health Study II.Proximity to major roadways and outdoor levels of PM2.5, PM10-2.5, and PM10 were determined for all residential addresses from 1993 to 2007. Multivariable-adjusted time-varying Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the relation between these air pollution exposures and endometriosis risk.Among 84,060 women, 2,486 incident cases of surgically confirmed endometriosis were identified over 710,230 person-years of follow-up. There was no evidence of an association between endometriosis risk and distance to road or exposure to PM2.5, PM10-2.5, or PM10 averaged over follow-up or during the previous 2- or 4-year period.Traffic and air pollution exposures during adulthood were not associated with incident endometriosis in this cohort of women.
Vaccination of Cancer Patients Against Telomerase Induces Functional Antitumor CD8+ T Lymphocytes
Authors: Robert H. Vonderheide, Susan M. Domchek, Joachim L. Schultze, Daniel J. George, Kara M. Hoar, Dih-Yih Chen, Katherine F. Stephans, Kenkichi Masutomi, Massimo Loda, Zhinan Xia, Karen S. Anderson, William C. Hahn, Lee M. Nadler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: High-level expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in &amp;gt;85% of human cancers, in contrast with its restricted expression in normal adult tissues, points to hTERT as a broadly applicable molecular target for anticancer immunotherapy. CTLs recognize peptides derived from hTERT and kill hTERT+ tumor cells of multiple histologies in vitro. Moreover, because survival of hTERT+ tumor cells requires functionally active telomerase, hTERT mutation or loss as a means of escape may be incompatible with sustained tumor growth. Experimental Design: A Phase I clinical trial was performed to evaluate the clinical and immunological impact of vaccinating advanced cancer patients with the HLA-A2-restricted hTERT I540 peptide presented with keyhole limpet hemocyanin by ex vivo generated autologous dendritic cells. Results: As measured by peptide/MHC tetramer, enzyme-linked immunospot, and cytotoxicity assays, hTERT-specific T lymphocytes were induced in 4 of 7 patients with advanced breast or prostate carcinoma after vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with hTERT peptide. Tetramer-guided high-speed sorting and polyclonal expansion achieved highly enriched populations of hTERT-specific cells that killed tumor cells in an MHC- restricted fashion. Despite concerns of telomerase activity in rare normal cells, no significant toxicity was observed. Partial tumor regression in 1 patient was associated with the induction of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the immunological feasibility of vaccinating patients against telomerase and provide rationale for targeting self-antigens with critical roles in oncogenesis.
High dose interleukin-2 (Aldesleukin) - expert consensus on best management practices-2014
Authors: Janice P Dutcher, Douglas J Schwartzentruber, Howard L Kaufman, Sanjiv S Agarwala, Ahmad A Tarhini, James N Lowder, Michael B Atkins
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was historically one of the few treatments for adults with stage IV solid tumors that could produce complete responses (CRs) that were often durable for decades without further therapy. The majority of complete responders with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and metastatic melanoma (mM) could probably be classified as "cures". Recent publications have suggested improved efficacy, perhaps due to improved patient selection based on a better understanding of clinical features predicting outcomes. Guidelines for clinical management were established from experience at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and an affiliation of institutions known as the Cytokine Working Group (CWG), who were among the first to utilize HD IL-2 treatment outside of the NCI. As new centers have opened, further management variations have emerged based upon center-specific experience, to optimize administration of IL-2 and provide high quality care for patients at each individual site. Twenty years of evolution in differing environments has led to a plethora of clinical experience and effective management approaches. The goal of this review is to summarize the spectrum of HD IL-2 treatment approaches, describing various effective strategies that incorporate newer adjunctive treatments for managing the side effects of IL-2 in patients with mRCC and mM. The goal for IL-2 therapy is typically to administer the maximum number of doses of IL-2 without putting the patient at unacceptable risk for severe, irreversible toxicity. This review is based upon a consensus meeting and includes guidelines on pre-treatment screening, criteria for administration and withholding doses, and defines consensus criteria for safe administration and toxicity management. The somewhat heterogeneous best practices of 2014 will be compared and contrasted with the guidelines provided in 2001 and the package inserts from 1992 and 1998.
Cost efficient stenting: a multi-faceted approach
Authors: D.J. Kereiakes, M.B. McDonald, C.W. Abbottsmith, T.M. Broderick, E.M. Roth, D.D. Whang, C.R. Hattemer, J.P. Runyon, J.F. Schneider
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Induction of apoptosis of human B-CLL and ALL cells by a novel retinoid and its nonretinoidal analog
Authors: Yuxiang Zhang, Marcia I. Dawson, Ramzi Mohammad, Arun K. Rishi, Lulu Farhana, Kai-Chia Feng, Mark Leid, Valerie Peterson, Xiao-kun Zhang, Mark Edelstein, David Eilander, Sandra Biggar, Nathan Wall, Uwe Reichert, Joseph A. Fontana
Journal: Blood (2002)
Influence of Sample Temperature on Reflectance Photometry and Electrochemical Glucometer Measurements
Authors: Ali Fazel, Zaher Koutoubi, Timothy B Sorg, Bhoomi Mehrotra
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE A study was conducted to determine the influence of sample temperature on manual reflectance photometers, automatic reflectance photometers, and electrochemical glucometers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Aqueous and blood-based control solutions were tested at temperatures ranging from 25 to 44°C. With the Accu-Chek 3, One Touch, and Satellite G glucometers, multiple glucose determinations were performed on each sample. RESULTS The results indicate that the manual reflectance photometry glucometer is prominently influenced by variation in sample temperature. The effect of sample temperature is greatest at high glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Caution may be required in the interpretation of manual reflectance photometry glucometer measurements in febrile or hypothermic diabetic patients.
Prevalence of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a General Population of Young Adults
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Julius M. Gardin, John M. Flack, Samuel S. Gidding, Tom T. Kurosaki, Diane E. Bild
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically transmitted disease and an important cause of morbidity and sudden cardiac death in young people, including competitive athletes. At present, however, few data exist to estimate the prevalence of this disease in large populations.As part of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) Study, an epidemiological study of coronary risk factors, 4111 men and women 23 to 35 years of age selected from the general population of four urban centers had technically satisfactory echocardiographic studies during 1987 through 1988. Probable or definite echocardiographic evidence of HCM was present in 7 subjects (0.17%) on the basis of identification of a hypertrophied, nondilated left ventricle and maximal wall thickness > or = 15 mm that were not associated with systemic hypertension. Prevalence in men and women was 0.26:0.09%; in blacks and whites, 0.24:0.10%. Ventricular septal thickness was 15 to 21 mm (mean, 17 mm) in the 7 subjects. Only 1 of the 7 subjects had ever experienced important cardiac symptoms attributable to HCM, had previously been suspected of having cardiovascular disease, or had obstruction to left ventricular outflow; 4 other subjects had relatively mild systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve that was insufficient to produce dynamic basal outflow obstruction. ECGs were abnormal in 5 of the 7 subjects. Five other study subjects had left ventricular wall thicknesses of 15 to 21 mm that were a consequence of systemic hypertension.HCM was present in about 2 of 1000 young adults. These unique population-based data will aid in assessments of the impact of HCM-related mortality and morbidity in the general population and the practicality of screening large populations for HCM, including those comprising competitive athletes.
Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it
Authors: Hisham M Mehanna, Jamil Moledina, Jane Travis
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Refeeding syndrome is a well described but often forgotten condition. No randomised controlled trials of treatment have been published, although there are guidelines that use best available evidence for managing the condition. In 2006 a guideline was published by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in England and Wales. Yet because clinicians are often not aware of the problem, refeeding syndrome still occurs.1

This review aims to raise awareness of refeeding syndrome and discuss prevention and treatment. The available literature mostly comprises weaker (level 3 and 4) evidence, including cohort studies, case series, and consensus expert opinion.2 Our article also draws attention to the NICE guidelines on nutritional support in adults, with particular reference to the new recommendations for best practice in refeeding syndrome.3 These recommendations differ in parts from—and we believe improve on—previous guidelines, such as those of the Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Group of the British Dietetic Association (box 1).4

#### Box 1 Why use the NICE guidelines on refeeding syndrome?

Refeeding syndrome can be defined as the potentially fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes that may occur in malnourished patients receiving artificial refeeding (whether enterally or parenterally5). These shifts result …
A 2005 survey of clinical academic staff in U.K. dermatology
Authors: J.L. Rees, E. Healy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article A 2005 survey of clinical academic staff in U.K. dermatology Get access J.L. Rees, J.L. Rees Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, The Lauriston Building, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, U.K. *Dermatopharmacology, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. E‐mail: jonathan.rees@ed.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Healy E. Healy Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, The Lauriston Building, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, U.K. *Dermatopharmacology, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. E‐mail: jonathan.rees@ed.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 1, 1 July 2006, Pages 214–215, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07298.x Published: 01 July 2006
Clinicians’ response to hyperoxia in ventilated patients in a Dutch ICU depends on the level of FiO2
Authors: Aafke Elizabeth de Graaff, Dave Anton Dongelmans, Jan Maria Binnekade, Evert de Jonge
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)

Hyperoxia may induce pulmonary injury and may increase oxidative stress. In this retrospective database study we aimed to evaluate the response to hyperoxia by intensivists in a Dutch academic intensive care unit.All arterial blood gas (ABG) data from mechanically ventilated patients from 2005 until 2009 were extracted from an electronic storage database of a mixed 32-bed intensive care unit in a university hospital in Amsterdam. Mechanical ventilation settings at the time of the ABG tests were retrieved.The results of 126,778 ABG tests from 5,498 mechanically ventilated patients were retrieved including corresponding ventilator settings. In 28,222 (22%) of the ABG tests the arterial oxygen tension (PaO(2)) was >16 kPa (120 mmHg). In only 25% of the tests with PaO(2) >16 kPa (120 mmHg) was the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)) decreased. Hyperoxia was accepted without adjustment in ventilator settings if FiO(2) was 0.4 or lower.Hyperoxia is frequently seen but in most cases does not lead to adjustment of ventilator settings if FiO(2) <0.41. Implementation of guidelines concerning oxygen therapy should be improved and further research is needed concerning the effects of frequently encountered hyperoxia.
Pulmonary Angiothrombotic Granulomatosis in Drug Offenders
Authors: G. Bruce Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Pulmonary talc granulomatosis is a serious complication of chronic drug abuse related to the parenteral injection of tablet (oral) forms of drugs containing magnesium trisilicate (talc) as filler material. Pulmonary hypertension and fatal cor pulmonale are sequelae. Talcinduced pulmonary granulomas are found in 15%, angiothrombosis in 12%, and histologic evidence of pulmonary hypertension in 8% of a group of known drug offenders. This suggests that the incidence of this lesion is higher than previously reported.
Restricted adult clonal profiles induced by neonatal immunization. Influence of suppressor T cells.
Authors: M A Thompson, S Raychaudhuri, M P Cancro
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The effects of neonatal antigen exposure on the adult B cell repertoire have been examined by characterizing the influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-specific response of adult BALB/c mice given antigen soon after birth. Ligand exposure during early life exerts a profound and lasting effect upon the B cell repertoire, characterized by the expansion and preservation of particular antigen-reactive clones and the apparent loss of others. The precise subset of clonotypes selectively preserved depends upon the age at which antigen is first encountered; and is predictable given a knowledge of the emerging primary pool's dynamics and composition. The preserved (secondary) B cells differ from their unprimed precursors with respect to (a) expression of the surface marker detected by the monoclonal antibody J11d, and (b) susceptibility to T cell-mediated suppression. These studies thus demonstrate a strong relationship between the heritable dynamics of the emerging primary B cell repertoire and the effect of ligand-driven events upon repertoire phenotype. In addition, they provide a mechanistic model for certain forms of antigen-induced oligoclonal dominance, especially the phenomenon of original antigenic sin.
From Pre-Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Youth
Authors: Fida Bacha, SoJung Lee, Neslihan Gungor, Silva A. Arslanian
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are considered pre-diabetes states. There are limited data in pediatrics in regard to their pathophysiology. We investigated differences in insulin sensitivity and secretion among youth with IFG, IGT, and coexistent IFG/IGT compared with those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 24 obese adolescents with NGT, 13 with IFG, 29 with IGT, 11 with combined IFG/IGT, and 30 with type 2 diabetes underwent evaluation of hepatic glucose production ([6,6-2H2]glucose), insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (Rd, euglycemic clamp), first- and second-phase insulin secretion (hyperglycemic clamp), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), abdominal adiposity (computed tomography), and substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry). RESULTS Adolescents with NGT, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes had similar body composition and abdominal fat distribution. Rd was lower (P = 0.009) in adolescents with type 2 diabetes than in those with NGT. Compared with adolescents with NGT, first-phase insulin was lower in those with IFG, IGT, and IFG/IGT with further deterioration in those with type 2 diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity (glucose disposition index [GDI]) was also lower in those with IFG, IGT, and IFG/IGT (40, 47, and 47%, respectively), with a further decrease (80%) in those with type 2 diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.001). GDI was the major determinant of fasting and 2-h glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Obese adolescents who show signs of glucose dysregulation, including abnormal fasting glucose, glucose intolerance or both, are more likely to have impaired insulin secretion rather than reduced insulin sensitivity. Given the impairment in insulin secretion, they are at high risk for progression to type 2 diabetes. Further deterioration in insulin sensitivity or secretion may enhance the risk for this progression.
The β-blockers in combined treatment of coronary heart disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Vasif Abdullayev, Gulzar Aliyeva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  β-blockers, until recently, considered to be contraindicated in patients with COPD. This is due to the fact that their purpose is not only the blockade of β1-adrenergic receptors, which causes the antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of these drugs, but the β2-adrenergic receptors, which leads to a bronchial spasm. The deterioration of lung ventilation causes hypoxemia and clinically increased shortness of breath and rapid breathing.   Methods:  The effects of selective β-blockers were studied on 234 (173 male, 61 female; average age-62.5±1.7) patients with COPD (114 of them with coronary heart diseases).   Results:  It should be remembered that the cardioselective property is not absolute, and decreases with increasing dose. For long-term (more than 7 years) patients found that taking cardioselective β-blocker atenolol caused a marked reduction in forced expiratory volume (FEV) in 200 ml of a year in people with COPD and coronary artery disease. For bisoprolol, nebivolol, metoprolol succinate extended these studies have been conducted, but taking these drugs up to a year showed their safety in patients with COPD. Conclusion:  Use a highly selective drugs: bisoprolol, nebivolol, metoprolol succinate with proven efficacy in patients with combined pathology. The principle of titration with a minimum to the maximum tolerated dose can continue β-blocker therapy in the majority (86%) of patients with COPD. As a result of the long-term treatment was a reduction in mortality after myocardial infarction in patients with COPD by 40%.