tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Results of the R-CHOP Study in the Treatment of Elderly Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte
Authors: P. Feugier, A. Van Hoof, C. Sebban, P. Solal-Celigny, R. Bouabdallah, C. Fermé, B. Christian, E. Lepage, H. Tilly, F. Morschhauser, P. Gaulard, G. Salles, A. Bosly, C. Gisselbrecht, F. Reyes, B. Coiffier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose To analyze the long-term outcome of patients included in the Lymphome Non Hodgkinien study 98-5 (LNH98-5) comparing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) to rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP) in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Patients and Methods LNH98-5 was a randomized study that included 399 previously untreated patients, age 60 to 80 years, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Patients received eight cycles of classical CHOP (cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m 2 , doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 , vincristine 1.4 mg/m 2 , and prednisone 40 mg/m 2 for 5 days) every 3 weeks. In R-CHOP, rituximab 375 mg/m 2 was administered the same day as CHOP. Survivals were analyzed using the intent-to-treat principle. Results Median follow-up is 5 years at present. Event-free survival, progression-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival remain statistically significant in favor of the combination of R-CHOP (P = .00002, P &lt; .00001, P &lt; .00031, and P &lt; .0073, respectively, in the log-rank test). Patients with low-risk or high-risk lymphoma according to the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index have longer survivals if treated with the combination. No long-term toxicity appeared to be associated with the R-CHOP combination. Conclusion Using the combination of R-CHOP leads to significant improvement of the outcome of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with significant survival benefit maintained during a 5-year follow-up. This combination should become the standard for treating these patients.
Global, multicenter, randomized, phase II trial of gemcitabine and gemcitabine plus AGS-1C4D4 in patients with previously untreated, metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: B.M. Wolpin, E.M. O'Reilly, Y.J. Ko, L.S. Blaszkowsky, M. Rarick, C.M. Rocha-Lima, P. Ritch, E. Chan, J. Spratlin, T. Macarulla, E. McWhirter, D. Pezet, M. Lichinitser, L. Roman, A. Hartford, K. Morrison, L. Jackson, M. Vincent, L. Reyno, M. Hidalgo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Effects of A <sub>1</sub> Adenosine Receptor Agonism Using <i>N</i> <sup>6</sup> -Cyclohexyl-2′- <i>O</i> -Methyladenosine in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Barry D. Bertolet, Inder S. Anand, Robert J. Bryg, Pramod K. Mohanty, Kanu Chatterjee, Jay N. Cohn, Nardev S. Khurmi, Carl J. Pepine
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The role of adenosine as a neuromodulator in heart failure was studied with the use of a selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclohexyl-2'-O-methyladenosine (SDZ-WAG 994).Fifty patients with heart failure symptoms and moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction had a balloon flotation catheter inserted. Patients received placebo or a single oral dose of either 1, 2, or 5 mg SDZ-WAG 994. After baseline measurements were obtained, hemodynamic and electrophysiological recordings were repeated at 30-minute intervals for the next 4 hours, then every 6 hours for the next 24 hours. Blood samples for norepinephrine, epinephrine, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, and plasma renin activity were drawn at baseline and 2 hours after drug administration. A adenosine receptor agonism produced no important effects on systemic, right atrial, pulmonary artery, or pulmonary capillary wedge pressures; cardiac index; respiratory rate; or heart rate. The PR interval (a reflection of A1 receptor-mediated activity) increased significantly in a stepwise fashion. At the 5-mg dose of SDZ-WAG 994, significant increases in atrial natriuretic peptide (216 +/- 137 to 407 +/- 146 pg/mL) and norepinephrine (477 +/- 243 to 618 +/- 237 pg/mL) levels were noted.A1 adenosine receptor agonism with SDZ-WAG 994 resulted in no significant hemodynamic changes at rest in this subset of patients with left ventricular dysfunction. An increase in the PR interval and atrial natriuretic peptide level, consistent with adenosine A1 receptor-mediated activity, was observed. In addition, an increase in the norepinephrine level was observed, suggesting a role for adenosine as a peripheral nervous system neuromodulator.
Lamivudine prophylaxis against reinfection in liver transplantation for hepatitis B cirrhosis
Authors: L Grellier, D Mutimer, M Ahmed, D Brown, AK Burroughs, K Rolles, P McMaster, P Beranek, F Kennedy, H Kibbler, P McPhillips, E Elias, G Dusheiko
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
A Double-Blind Comparative Study of Clozapine and Risperidone in the Management of Severe Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: J M Azorin, R Spiegel, G Remington, J M Vanelle, J J Péré, M Giguere, I Bourdeix
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

This prospective, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group study compared the efficacy and safety of therapeutic doses of clozapine and risperidone in patients with severe chronic schizophrenia and poor previous treatment response.Male or female patients aged 18-65 years who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and study requirements for poor previous treatment response (N=273) were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with either clozapine or risperidone administered over 12 weeks in increasing increments. The primary efficacy measures were the magnitude of improvement in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores. Adverse events were recorded throughout the study.The magnitude of improvement in mean BPRS and CGI scores from baseline to end of the study was significantly greater in the clozapine group than in the risperidone group. Statistically significant differences in favor of clozapine were also seen for most of the secondary efficacy measures (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Calgary Depression Scale, Psychotic Depression Scale, and Psychotic Anxiety Scale). The adverse event profile was similar for both treatment groups, with a lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms in the clozapine group.Clozapine showed superior efficacy over risperidone in this patient population. Both treatments were equally well tolerated as demonstrated through their adverse event profiles, although as expected clozapine was associated with a lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms than risperidone.
Extraintestinal lymphoma in association with Whipple's disease.
Authors: C D Gillen, R Coddington, P G Monteith, R H Taylor
Journal: Gut (1993)

A 45 year old man is described with Whipple's disease who presented with weight loss, lethargy, and ascites. He subsequently developed fever and a mass in the neck, but died despite antibiotic treatment and nutritional support. Necropsy showed extraintestinal lymphoma.
Evaluation of precordial orthogonal vectorcardiographic lead ST-segment magnitude in the assessment of myocardial ischemic injury.
Authors: J M Foerster, Z Vera, D A Janzen, S J Foerster, D T Mason
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Relationship has been established between epicardial ST-segment elevation, considered a reliable estimate of ischemic injury in experimental myocardial damage, and ST changes by multiple-lead precordial electrocardiography. However, 35-lead precordial mapping is time-consuming and suitable only for anterior infarctions. An alternate, more rapid method for recording ST segments is an external 3-lead orthogonal vectorcardiographic (VCG) system which also can assess the entire ventricle. Accordingly, validity of VCG ST magnitude was evaluated by direct comparison with changes in epicardial ST magnitude (EST) induced by occlusion of major coronary arteries, reperfusion, and pharmacologic interventions in 15 closed-chest dogs. A total of 404 data points (average 27/dog), 20 epicardial grid and 3 Frank XYZ leds each, demonstrated close correlation (least squares linear regression) between VCG ST and EST changes (r = 0.921 +/- 0.02 SEM). These data document the accuracy of precordial VCG ST in noninvasive assessment of ischemic injury in various areas of myocardium and its practicality for clinical application.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Acute Renal Allograft Rejection
Authors: Majid Shahbazi, Anthony A. Fryer, Vera Pravica, Iain J. Brogan, Helen M. Ramsay, Ian V. Hutchinson, Paul N. Harden
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Acute rejection is a major cause of reduced survival of renal allografts. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a mitogen for endothelial cells and is expressed widely by renal tissue and T cells. VEGF influences adhesion and migration of leukocytes across the endothelium. This study investigates whether genetically determined variation in VEGF expression influences the development of renal allograft rejection. VEGF promoter polymorphisms were examined by using sequence-specific primer–PCR in 173 renal transplant recipients. Acute rejection occurred in 38.7%; median time to first rejection episode was 14 d. VEGF in vitro expression was investigated in stimulated leukocytes from 30 controls. The −1154*G and −2578*C alleles were associated with higher VEGF production. VEGF −1154 GG and GA genotypes were significantly associated with acute rejection risk at 3 mo (P = 0.004, odds ration [OR] = 6.8, 95% CI = 1.8 to 25 and P = 0.035, OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.1 to 15, respectively). Furthermore, VEGF −2578 CC and CA genotypes were associated with increased rejection risk (P = 0.005, OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.5 to 11.3 and P = 0.035, OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1 to 7, respectively). These polymorphisms demonstrate linkage disequilibrium (P = 0.001). These data indicate that the −1154*G and −2578*C containing genotypes, encoding higher VEGF production, are strongly associated with acute rejection and may be useful markers of rejection risk.
Diet, Fluid, or Supplements for Secondary Prevention of Nephrolithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Howard A. Fink, Joseph W. Akornor, Pranav S. Garimella, Rod MacDonald, Andrea Cutting, Indulis R. Rutks, Manoj Monga, Timothy J. Wilt
Journal: European Urology (2009)
An Address on HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, ALBUMINURIA, AND GLYCOSURIA IN THEIR RELATION TO LIFE INSURANCE
Authors: G. L. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (1927)

THE dluties of a, doctol iii ordiniaryv practice anid in inisurance work are entirely differenit.Ini tle formei-case the patielit pays the doctor to diagnose and treat his ailm-ients, to support aiid comiifort himi; ill the latter the insurance office pays the doctor to snlake certain scheduled iinquiries and investigations inlto the case of a pr-oposer who regards himself generally as a hlealtlsy inaii, and to express an opinion as to his presenit healtlh anid hiis prospects of living to a good old age.The doctor's only duty to the proposer is to treat lhim witlh couirtesv and considerationi; he must never tell himn in wliat sense lie proposes to report, because that report is tlhe property of the insurance office.The medical exasn-inatiosi forms of different comi-ipanies differ slightly, but niot in any injp)orltant particular; they are nicely gauged to extract the mliaxinsium of information fromii tle proposer anld the imiaximuum of diagnostic observa- tionl that canl be expected from the doctor in general practice.Cases that ale kniow-ni, eithler before or after examijiatioji, to pire,e t special difficulty are brought, if possible, before sosieone in w hoin tle office has slwecial confidesce*.HICH BLOOD PRESSURE.Judging from the svllabuis of the Institute the scientific side of high pressure, anid a good many of its practical bear-inigs also, mullst already have beien thrashed out.*I need not, therefore, d(well oni tlieoretical considerations; miy renmarks will be severely piactical.In the niedlical exaimiiiatioui papers of most life offices a question is now inserted asking that the blood pressure be takeni in all proiposers over 50 years of age, or where there is any reason to suspect that it may be abnormal.How is the pressure taken?: I think we may assunie that in ninety-ninie cases out of a hundred it is taken with one of the aneroid sphygmomanometers.These are accurate instruuments enough psovided that they are checked from time to time by a mercurial instrument, and provided that the ordina-y rules sent out with then are observed.One doctor recently reported that the pressure in a man of 35 was 150; he made no commrsent on this, and recommended the proposer as an average life.When he was asked to
Unique Bisphenol A Transcriptome in Prostate Cancer: Novel Effects on ERβ Expression That Correspond to Androgen Receptor Mutation Status
Authors: Janet K. Hess-Wilson, Siobhan L. Webb, Hannah K. Daly, Yuet-Kin Leung, Joanne Boldison, Clay E.S. Comstock, Maureen A. Sartor, Shuk-Mei Ho, Karen E. Knudsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundProstatic adenocarcinomas are dependent on androgen receptor (AR) activity for growth and progression, and therapy for disseminated disease depends on ablation of AR activity. Recurrent tumors ultimately arise wherein AR has been re-activated. One mechanism of AR restoration is via somatic mutation, wherein cells containing mutant receptors become susceptible to activation by alternative ligands, including bisphenol A (BPA). In tumors with specific AR mutations, BPA promotes therapeutic bypass, suggesting significant negative impact to the clinical management of prostate cancer.ObjectiveOur goal was to determine the mechanism of BPA action in cancer cells carrying BPA-responsive AR mutants.MethodsThe molecular signature of BPA activity in prostate cancer cells harboring mutant AR was delineated via genetic microarray analysis. Specificity of BPA action was assessed by comparison with the molecular signature elicited by dihydrotestosterone (DHT).ResultsBPA and DHT elicited distinct transcriptional signatures in prostate cancer cells expressing the BPA-responsive mutant AR-T877A. BPA dramatically attenuated estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression; this finding was specific to prostate tumor cells in which BPA induces cellular proliferation.ConclusionsBPA induces a distinct gene expression signature in prostate cancer cells expressing somatic AR mutation, and a major molecular consequence of BPA action is down-regulation of ERβ. Since ERβ functions to antagonize AR function and AR-dependent proliferation, these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which BPA likely regulates cellular proliferation. Future investigation directed at dissecting the importance of ERβ in the proliferative response to BPA will establish the contribution of this event to adverse effects associated with human exposure.
Directly Observed Therapy for Treatment Completion of Pulmonary Tuberculosis&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;Consensus Statement of the Public Health Tuberculosis Guidelines Panel&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: C. Patrick Chaulk
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Objective.—To evaluate evidence on the relative effectiveness of directly observed therapy in achieving treatment completion for pulmonary tuberculosis.Participants.—A panel of 11 practitioners representing the public health, behavioral, and clinical management of tuberculosis was convened by the Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice in 1995 to develop public health guidelines for tuberculosis treatment completion.Evidence.—English-language articles identified through MEDLINE (1966 to August 1, 1996) with original data on directly observed therapy, supervised therapy, compliance, treatment completion, case management, and treatment adherence for tuberculosis.Consensus Process.—Each eligible article underwent structured review by at least 2 panel members for study design, sample size, evaluation methods, and treatment completion as the primary outcome. The full panel was convened twice, with intercurrent small group meetings, conference calls, and summary workshop to review findings. Recommendations made through this process were drafted by the panel chair and circulated twice for additional panel comments.Conclusions.—Treatment completion rates for pulmonary tuberculosis are most likely to exceed 90%, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, when treatment is based on a patient-centered approach using directly observed therapy with multiple enablers and enhancers. Other less intensive interventions, including nonsupervised strategies and modified approaches to directly observed therapy, are unlikely to achieve this recommended treatment completion goal. Directly observed therapy also appears to be cost-effective compared with self-administered therapy, although data on cost-effectiveness are limited.
Additive Beneficial Effects of Losartan Combined With Simvastatin in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemic, Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Kwang Kon Koh, Michael J. Quon, Seung Hwan Han, Wook-Jin Chung, Jeong Yeal Ahn, Yiel-Hea Seo, Moon Ho Kang, Tae Hoon Ahn, In Suck Choi, Eak Kyun Shin
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Biological mechanisms underlying statin and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker therapies differ. Therefore, we compared vascular and metabolic responses to these therapies either alone or in combination in hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients.This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial with 3 treatment arms (each 2 months) and 2 washout periods (each 2 months). Forty-seven hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic patients were given simvastatin 20 mg and placebo, simvastatin 20 mg and losartan 100 mg, or losartan 100 mg and placebo daily during each 2-month treatment period. Losartan alone or combined therapy significantly reduced blood pressure compared with simvastatin alone. Compared with losartan alone, simvastatin alone or combined therapy significantly changed lipoproteins. All 3 treatment arms significantly improved flow-mediated dilator response to hyperemia and decreased plasma malondialdehyde and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels relative to baseline measurements. However, these parameters were changed to a greater extent with combined therapy compared with simvastatin or losartan alone (both P<0.001 and P=0.030 for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by ANOVA). Combined therapy or losartan alone significantly increased plasma adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity (determined by QUICKI) relative to baseline measurements. These changes were significantly greater than in the group treated with simvastatin alone (P<0.001 for adiponectin, P=0.029 for QUICKI by ANOVA).Simvastatin combined with losartan improves endothelial function and reduces inflammatory markers to a greater extent than monotherapy with either drug in hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D AND PARATHYROID HORMONE*
Authors: Howard Rasmussen, Hector Deluca, Claude Arnaud, Charles Hawker, Marit Von Stedingk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Over three decades ago, it was established that deficiency of either vitamin D or parathyroid hor- mone may lead to tetany and hypocalcemia (1, 2).Since then, there has been continued interest in the relationship between the biologic effects of these two agents.At one time it was believed that the D vitamins exerted their effects by stimulating the parathyroid glands, but this concept be- came untenable after it was established that vita- min D could induce hypercalcemia in hypopara- thyroid organisms.More recently it has been proposed that the hormone exerts its characteristic effects only in vitamin D-fed animals (3), and that the basis of this action depends upon a chemical interaction between the two (4).These proposals are not satisfactory because there is considerable clinical and pathological evidence (5) suggesting that parathyroid hyperfunction exists in vitamin D deficiency.Certainly complete synergism of action seems most unlikely because of the well-established difference in the syndromes produced by their separate deficiencies (5).On the other hand, there is no satisfactory explana- tion for the persistent hypocalcemia in D-deficient animals, in spite of apparent parathyroid over- function, nor for the observations of Harrison, Harrison, and Park (3) that the administration of a standard dose of parathyroid hormone to a D-deficient rat results in little or no change in the concentration of either calcium or phosphate in the plasma.Another problem that has remained unresolved is the explanation of the phosphate retention that occurs in a D-deficient animal or human shortly
Increased Cortical GABA Concentrations in Depressed Patients Receiving ECT
Authors: Gerard Sanacora, Graeme F Mason, Douglas L Rothman, Fahmeed Hyder, James J Ciarcia, Robert B Ostroff, Robert M Berman, John H Krystal
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations have been reported in the plasma, CSF, and cortex of depressed subjects. Of interest is that ECT, one of the most effective treatments for severe refractory depression, produces considerable anticonvulsant effects that may be related to increased GABAergic transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine if cortical GABA concentrations increase following a course of ECT.Occipital cortex GABA concentrations in eight depressed patients were measured by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after a course of ECT.A significant increase in occipital cortex GABA concentrations was seen following ECT treatment of depression.Occipital cortex GABA concentrations increase two-fold following ECT. This suggests possible GABAergic involvement in ECT's mechanism of anticonvulsant and antidepressant actions.
Randomized Placebo-Controlled EPPIC Trials of AST-120 in CKD
Authors: Gerald Schulman, Tomas Berl, Gerald J. Beck, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Eberhard Ritz, Kiyoshi Arita, Akira Kato, Miho Shimizu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Reduced GFR in patients with CKD causes systemic accumulation of uremic toxins, which has been correlated with disease progression and increased morbidity. The orally administered spherical carbon adsorbent AST-120 reduces systemic toxin absorption through gastrointestinal sequestration, which may slow disease progression in these patients. The multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Evaluating Prevention of Progression in CKD (EPPIC)-1 and EPPIC-2 trials evaluated the effects of AST-120 on the progression of CKD when added to standard therapy. We randomly assigned 2035 adults with moderate to severe disease (serum creatinine at screening, 2.0-5.0 mg/dl for men and 1.5-5.0 mg/dl for women) to receive either placebo or AST-120 (9 g/d). The primary end point was a composite of dialysis initiation, kidney transplantation, and serum creatinine doubling. Each trial continued until accrual of 291 primary end points. The time to primary end point was similar between the AST-120 and the placebo groups in both trials (EPPIC-1: hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.27; P=0.78) (EPPIC-2: hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.12; P=0.37); a pooled analysis of both trials showed similar results. The estimated median time to primary end points for the placebo groups was 124 weeks for power calculations, but actual times were 189.0 and 170.3 weeks for EPPIC-1 and EPPIC-2, respectively. Thus, disease progression was more gradual than expected in the trial populations. In conclusion, the benefit of adding AST-120 to standard therapy in patients with moderate to severe CKD is not supported by these data.