tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The small RNA diversity from Medicago truncatularoots under biotic interactions evidences the environmental plasticity of the miRNAome
Authors: Damien Formey, Erika Sallet, Christine Lelandais-Brière, Cécile Ben, Pilar Bustos-Sanmamed, Andreas Niebel, Florian Frugier, Jean Philippe Combier, Frédéric Debellé, Caroline Hartmann, Julie Poulain, Frédérick Gavory, Patrick Wincker, Christophe Roux, Laurent Gentzbittel, Jérôme Gouzy, Martin Crespi
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Legume roots show a remarkable plasticity to adapt their architecture to biotic and abiotic constraints, including symbiotic interactions. However, global analysis of miRNA regulation in roots is limited, and a global view of the evolution of miRNA-mediated diversification in different ecotypes is lacking. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, we analyze the small RNA transcriptome of roots submitted to symbiotic and pathogenic interactions. Genome mapping and a computational pipeline identify 416 miRNA candidates, including known and novel variants of 78 miRNA families present in miRBase. Stringent criteria of pre-miRNA prediction yield 52 new mtr-miRNAs, including 27 miRtrons. Analyzing miRNA precursor polymorphisms in 26 M. truncatula ecotypes identifies higher sequence polymorphism in conserved rather than Medicago-specific miRNA precursors. An average of 19 targets, mainly involved in environmental responses and signalling, is predicted per novel miRNA. We identify miRNAs responsive to bacterial and fungal pathogens or symbionts as well as their related Nod and Myc-LCO symbiotic signals. Network analyses reveal modules of new and conserved co-expressed miRNAs that regulate distinct sets of targets, highlighting potential miRNA-regulated biological pathways relevant to pathogenic and symbiotic interactions. We identify 52 novel genuine miRNAs and large plasticity of the root miRNAome in response to the environment, and also in response to purified Myc/Nod signaling molecules. The new miRNAs identified and their sequence variation across M. truncatula ecotypes may be crucial to understand the adaptation of root growth to the soil environment, notably in the agriculturally important legume crops.
Nonablative laser treatment of wrinkles: meeting the objective? Assessment by 25 dermatologists
Authors: D. Kopera, J. Smolle, S. Kaddu, H. Kerl
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Nonablative laser treatment of wrinkles: meeting the objective? Assessment by 25 dermatologists Get access D. Kopera, D. Kopera Department of Dermatology, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Daisy Kopera. E‐mail: daisy.kopera@uni‐graz.at Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Smolle, J. Smolle Department of Dermatology, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Kaddu, S. Kaddu Department of Dermatology, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Kerl H. Kerl Department of Dermatology, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 5, 1 May 2004, Pages 936–939, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05873.x Published: 01 May 2004 Article history Accepted: 09 October 2003 Published: 01 May 2004
COMPARISON OF FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE VERSUS INSTANT WAVE-FREE RATIO FOR ASSESSMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS SEVERITY IN ROUTINE PRACTICE
Authors: Colin Berry, Marcel van&apos;t Veer, William Fearon, Petr Kala, Nils Witt, Stelios Pyxaras, Pim Tonino, Bernard De Bruyne, Nico Pijls, Keith Oldroyd
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Midkine Plays a Protective Role Against Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through a Reduction of Apoptotic Reaction
Authors: Mitsuru Horiba, Kenji Kadomatsu, Kenji Yasui, Jong-Kook Lee, Hiroharu Takenaka, Arihiro Sumida, Kaichiro Kamiya, Sen Chen, Sadatoshi Sakuma, Takashi Muramatsu, Itsuo Kodama
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor involved in diverse biological phenomena, eg, neural survival, carcinogenesis, and tissue repair. MK could have a protective action against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart, because MK was shown to have cytoprotective activity in cultured neurons and tumor cells. We investigated this hypothesis in mice with and without genetic MK deletion. Methods and Results— Myocardial injury after I/R was produced by transient occlusion of coronary arteries. In wild-type ( Mdk +/+ ) mice, MK expression was increased after I/R in the periinfarct area. Infarct size/area at risk 24 hours after I/R in MK-deficient ( Mdk −/− ) mice was larger than in Mdk +/+ mice (55.4±9.1% versus 32.1±5.3%, P &lt;0.05). Terminal dUTP nick end-labeling–positive myocyte population in the periinfarct area in Mdk −/− mice was higher than in Mdk +/+ mice (6.8±0.9% versus 3.2±0.6%, P &lt;0.05). Left ventricular fractional shortening 24 hours after I/R in Mdk −/− mice was significantly less than that in Mdk +/+ mice (34.3±4.4% versus 50.8±2.1%, P &lt;0.05). Supplemental application of MK protein to left ventricle of Mdk −/− mice at the time of I/R resulted in reduction of the infarct size. Application of exogenous MK to cultured cardiomyocytes resulted in increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased apoptosis after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Conclusions— These results suggest that MK plays a protective role against I/R injury, most likely through a prevention of apoptotic reaction. MK is a potentially important new molecular target for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Remembering Berton Roueché — Master of Medical Mysteries
Authors: Barron H. Lerner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

“He was never going to sleep again. Sleep was a waste of time. Then he got the idea I was trying to poison him. He didn't trust me, he said, and if I didn't leave him alone, he would tear off his clothes and run out in the street naked.”1 Fifty years ago, these words taught the public about a horrifying side effect of the new “wonder drug” cortisone: mania. The speaker was the wife of a man who had been treated with cortisone for his previously incurable periarteritis nodosa, and the author quoting her was Berton Roueché, who wrote . . .
Medical thoracoscopy performed using FOB & single rigid port under conscious sedation
Authors: Vijay Kumar Chennamchetty, Aparna Maramreddy, Anamika, Abhijeet Ingle, Amitha Reddy Reddy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background & Objectives:  Pleural effusion can remain undiagnosed following thoracentesis in a significant number of cases. We evaluated our own technique for performing thoracoscopy under conscious sedation using a 7mm port and a flexible fiber-optic bronchoscope for the diagnosis of patients with unilateral pleural effusion. We evaluated cost of care by comparing the same procedure with rigid thoracoscopy.  Methods:  Twenty four patients with unilateral pleural effusion who underwent thoracoscopy under conscious sedation using a 7mm rigid port and a flexible fiber optic bronchoscope during April 2011 to Feb 2012 were retrospectively studied. Two patients who underwent rigid thoracoscopy for evalution of undiagnosed effusion were taken to consideration for cost analysis.  Results:  Thoracoscopy done under conscious sedation using FOB and a 7mm port is a safe procedure to perform in the diagnosis of pleural effusion in all cases. The visualization of the pleura and lung using this instrumentation was adequate for to acquire an impression. A forceps biopsy of the pleura could therefore be easily and effectively performed. Cost analysis does reflects 3fold decrease in cost to patient.  Conclusion:  This technique is considered to have clinical utility as a diagnostic tool for evaluation of pleural effusion. This method is safe and effective. As procedure was performed with FOB, it is user friendly for a pulmonologist and inexpensive to the patient.
Cellular aggregation and trauma in cardiotomy suction systems.
Authors: G Wright, J M Sanderson
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Experiments in dogs showed that the high levels of cellular aggregation and trauma caused by cariodtomy suction can be considerably reduced by the avoidance of air aspiration. A hypothesis is proposed to explain this on the basis of shear stresses in the inlet cannula. Roller pump suction was also found to be slightly more traumatic than vaccum suction, but contact of the blood with the pericardium had no effect so long as the pericardium and epicardium had been previously washed with saline.
Effect of Cognitive Therapy With Antidepressant Medications vs Antidepressants Alone on the Rate of Recovery in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Steven D. Hollon, Robert J. DeRubeis, Jan Fawcett, Jay D. Amsterdam, Richard C. Shelton, John Zajecka, Paula R. Young, Robert Gallop
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Antidepressant medication (ADM) is efficacious in the treatment of depression, but not all patients achieve remission and fewer still achieve recovery with ADM alone.To determine the effects of combining cognitive therapy (CT) with ADM vs ADM alone on remission and recovery in major depressive disorder (MDD).A total of 452 adult outpatients with chronic or recurrent MDD participated in a trial conducted in research clinics at 3 university medical centers in the United States. The patients were randomly assigned to ADM treatment alone or CT combined with ADM treatment. Treatment was continued for up to 42 months until recovery was achieved.Antidepressant medication with or without CT.Blind evaluations of recovery with a modified version of the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation.Combined treatment enhanced the rate of recovery vs treatment with ADM alone (72.6% vs 62.5%; t451 = 2.45; P = .01; hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06-1.68; number needed to treat [NNT], 10; 95% CI, 5-72). This effect was conditioned on interactions with severity (t451 = 1.97; P = .05; NNT, 5) and chronicity (χ2 = 7.46; P = .02; NNT, 6) such that the advantage for combined treatment was limited to patients with severe, nonchronic MDD (81.3% vs 51.7%; n = 146; t145 = 3.96; P = .001; HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.54-3.57; NNT, 3; 95% CI, 2-5). Fewer patients dropped out of combined treatment vs ADM treatment alone (18.9% vs 26.8%; t451 = -2.04; P = .04; HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.98). Remission rates did not differ significantly either as a main effect of treatment or as an interaction with severity or chronicity. Patients with comorbid Axis II disorders took longer to recover than did patients without comorbid Axis II disorders regardless of the condition (P = .01). Patients who received combined treatment reported fewer serious adverse events than did patients who received ADMs alone (49 vs 71; P = .02), largely because they experienced less time in an MDD episode.Cognitive therapy combined with ADM treatment enhances the rates of recovery from MDD relative to ADMs alone, with the effect limited to patients with severe, nonchronic depression.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00057577.
Sir Thomas Browne's birthday
Authors: A. K Banerjee
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Professor Breathnach comments on Sir Thomas Browne's unfailing toleration. One of those greatly influenced by Browne's writings, especially Religio Medici, was Sir William Osler. Osler believed in a good general education for doctors and in Aequanimitas,1 published 100 years ago last year, he recommended the following books or authors for study: Shakespeare, Montaigne, Marcus Aurelius, Don Quixote, Plutarch, Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Religio Medici. Osler was influenced by the style of Browne's writings—'The pomp of his sentences and the wealth of allusions' as described by Lytton Strachey.2 The books and authors recommended by Osler could all be profitably read by today's medical students as part of their liberal education. The themes of Religio Medici—the mystery of creation, disapproval of racial and religious bigotry and the virtues of charity—seem all too relevant 400 years on.
The newly established human hepatocyte cell line: application for the bioartificial liver
Authors: Norifumi Harimoto, Akinobu Taketomi, Dai Kitagawa, Yousuke Kuroda, Shinji Itoh, Tomonobu Gion, Shinji Tanaka, Ken Shirabe, Mitsuo Shimada, Yoshihiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on pneumococcal biofilm formation and pneumolysin
Authors: N. Daphney Mutepe, Riana Cockeran, Helen C. Steel, Annette J. Theron, Tim J. Mitchell, Charles Feldman, Ronald Anderson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Although the well-recognised predisposition of cigarette smokers to the development of severe pneumococcal disease may be attributable to impairment of local host defences, less is known about the direct effects of smoke exposure on airway pathogens, or their virulence factors. In the current study, we have investigated the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on biofilm formation by <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, and on the pore-forming activity of its major toxin, pneumolysin. Biofilm formation following exposure of the pneumococcus to CSC (20–160 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>) was measured using a crystal violet-based spectrophotometric procedure, while the pore-forming activity of recombinant pneumolysin was determined by a fura-2/acetoxymethyl ester-based spectrofluorimetric procedure to monitor the uptake of extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> by isolated human neutrophils. Exposure of the pneumococcus or pneumolysin to CSC resulted in significant dose-related augmentation of biofilm formation (p≤0.05 at 80 and 160 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>) and substantial attenuation of the pore-forming interactions of pneumolysin, respectively. Augmentation of biofilm formation and inactivation of pneumolysin as a consequence of smoking are likely to favour microbial colonisation and persistence, both being essential precursors of pneumococcal disease.
Making allegations without due care is wrong
Authors: Peter J Stephens
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Health inequalities under New Labour Relative rather than absolute gaps are important over time and placeEditor-We agree with Shaw et al that the method of measuring inequality in health outcomes used in setting the government targets is problematic (A Low, UKPHA (UK Public Health Association), 13th annual public health forum, Gateshead, April 2005). 1 However, the government's targets are based on reducing relative gaps in life expectancy and infant mortality. 2 The slope index of inequality (SII) used by Shaw et al measures absolute gaps.
The genetic polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement: methodological aspects and a presentation of linkage and association data relevant to its localization in the HLA region.
Authors: P Teisberg, B Olaisen, R Jonassen, T Gedde-Dahl, E Thorsby
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The C4 polymorphism in man has been studied by immunofixation electrophoresis, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and functional detection after agarose gel electrophoresis. It has so far not been possible to reveal this polymorphism by isoelectric focusing and functional detection of C4 bands. Three common alleles and one less frequently occuring allele have been identified. In a small population sample studied by all the different techniques and verified by family segregation, the following gene frequencies have been found: C4F: 0.46, C4S: 0.32, C4F1: 0.20, and C4M: 0.02. By linkage and association studies in a family material it has been shown that a structural C4 locus is situated in the HLA region of chromosome 6 very close to the HLA-B and Bf loci.
Evaluation of LDH-A and Glutaminase Inhibition <i>In Vivo</i> by Hyperpolarized 13C-Pyruvate Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Tumors
Authors: Prasanta Dutta, Anne Le, David L. Vander Jagt, Takashi Tsukamoto, Gary V. Martinez, Chi V. Dang, Robert J. Gillies
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Hyperpolarized (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides a unique opportunity to detect real-time metabolic fluxes as a means to measure metabolic treatment responses in vivo. Here, we show that pharmacologic inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase-A suppressed the conversion of hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate to lactate in murine xenografts of P493 human lymphoma. In contrast, a glutaminase inhibitor reduced conversion of (13)C-pyruvate to alanine without affecting conversion of pyruvate to lactate. These results illustrate the ability to monitor biomarkers for responses to antimetabolic therapy in real-time, paving the way for clinical development of imaging biomarkers to monitor metabolic pharmacodynamics.
Alveolar type II epithelial cells produce interleukin-6 in vitro and in vivo. Regulation by alveolar macrophage secretory products.
Authors: B Crestani, P Cornillet, M Dehoux, C Rolland, M Guenounou, M Aubier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The aims of this study were (a) to determine if rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells and human pulmonary epithelial-derived cells (A549 cell line) could generate IL-6 in vitro, (b) to characterize the cytokine regulation of IL-6 gene and protein expression in these cells, and (c) to detect the in vivo expression of immunoreactive IL-6 by human ATII cells. Rat ATII cells in primary culture secreted bioactive IL-6 and immunostained with an anti-IL-6 antiserum. Spontaneous IL-6 secretion by rat ATII cells amounted to 5,690 +/- 770 pg/ml/10(6) cells (n = 12) and was fivefold higher than spontaneous rat alveolar macrophages IL-6 secretion (1,052 +/- 286 pg/ml/10(6) cells, n = 8, P = 0.001). Rat alveolar macrophage conditioned media (CM) increased IL-6 secretion by rat ATII cells through the effect of IL-1 and TNF. IL-6 gene expression and IL-6 secretion by A549 cells was induced by IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, and by human alveolar macrophages and THP1 cells CM. Induction was abolished when CM were preincubated with anti-IL-1 beta and anti-TNF alpha antibody. The combination of IFN gamma and LPS induced the expression of IL-6 mRNA by A549 cells whereas LPS alone had no effect. Immunohistochemical staining evidenced the expression of immunoreactive IL-6 by hyperplastic ATII cells in fibrotic human lung, a condition in which alveolar macrophages are known to be activated. ATII cells in normal human lung did not express immunoreactive IL-6. Our findings demonstrate that ATII cells may be an important source of IL-6 in the alveolar space thereby participating to the regulation of the intra-alveolar immune response.
Effect of Vegetarianism and Smoking on Vitamin B12, Thiocyanate, and Folate Levels in the Blood of Normal Subjects
Authors: D. K. Dastur, E. V. Quadros, N. H. Wadia, M. M. Desai, E. P. Bharucha
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Vitamin B(12), thiocyanate, and folate levels in the blood were estimated in 69 apparently normal subjects, of whom 26 were non-vegetarian non-smokers, 19 non-vegetarian smokers, 15 vegetarian non-smokers, and nine vegetarian smokers. The serum total (cyanide-extracted) B(12) level (value A) ranged from 105 to 728 pg/ml, with a mean of 292 pg/ml. The highest values were found in non-vegetarian non-smokers and the lowest in vegetarian smokers. There was no significant difference in value A between smokers as a group and non-smokers as a group. On the other hand, in vegetarians value A was very significantly lower than in non-vegetarians regardless of their smoking habits.It is suggested that A may represent both the protein-bound and free forms of vitamin B(12) in the blood, and B mainly the free B(12), which may be the physiologically active form. The plasma thiocyanate level varied from 1.0 to 15 mumol/100 ml, being, as expected, much higher in smokers (mean 8.20 mumol/100 ml) than in non-smokers (mean 2.02 mumol/100 ml). There was a rough correlation between falling B(12) levels and rising thiocyanate levels. The serum folate level ranged from 2.75 to 15.75 ng/ml, and was slightly but significantly higher in vegetarians (mean 6.60 ng/ml) than in non-vegetarians (mean 4.79 ng/ml), reflecting the greater content of folate in a vegetarian diet.
Autoimmune related pancreatitis
Authors: K Okazaki, T Chiba
Journal: Gut (2002)

Since the first documented case of a particular form of pancreatitis with hypergammaglobulinaemia, similar cases have been reported, leading to the concept of an autoimmune related pancreatitis or so-called “autoimmune pancreatitis”. Although it has not yet been widely accepted as a new clinical entity, the present article discusses the recent concept of autoimmune pancreatitis.
EFFECTS OF ARSENIC-AZOPROTEINS ON MOUSE LYMPHOMA CELLS IN VIVO
Authors: John G. Kidd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Conjugates made by coupling diazotized arsanilic acid with one or another of a variety of proteins regularly brought about the complete regression of established 6C3HED lymphomas in living mice without perceptibly harming the latter, while untreated control animals regularly died with lymphomatosis. Histologic studies made plain that the lymphoma cells promptly die in mice treated with the arsenic-azoproteins, while those in untreated control animals continue to proliferate. Various inorganic and organic arsenicals (including arsanilic acid and 4-arsonophenyldiazotate) were essentially devoid of effect on the lymphoma cells in vivo, and this proved true as well of the proteins employed (serum albumins and globulins procured from several species, casein, and ovalbumin). Mixtures of arsanilic acid and the several proteins, various sulfur-azoproteins, and a number of other substances-viz., amethopterin, chlorambucil, 6-mercaptopurine, 8-azaguanine, azaserine, 6-azauracil, 5-fluorouracil, thioTEPA, and DON, each given in maximal tolerated amounts-also failed to influence notably the course of established 6C3HED lymphomas in vivo. Although readily overcoming Lymphoma E9514 cells growing in the subcutaneous tissues of susceptible mice, the arsenic-azoproteins had little or no effect once these cells had reached the livers and spleens of susceptible hosts. Furthermore the arsenic-azoproteins had little or no effect in vivo on the cells of Lymphoma AKRL1, L1210, and L4946. The findings were considered in relationship to the respective susceptibilities of several types of lymphoma cells to other anti-lymphoma agents-notably guinea pig serum, immune serums prepared in rabbits with mouse lymphoma cells as antigens, and a variety of chemical compounds. Taken together, the observations provide proof that lymphoma cells of various types, although resembling one another quite closely in growth characteristics following transplantation in susceptible hosts, and in morphology as disclosed by ordinary microscopy, differ notably in susceptibility to the effects of the several anti-lymphoma agents.