tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the lactate biosensor methodology
Authors: B Detry, W Nullens, ML Cao, A Frans, A Robert, T Clerbaux
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The rapid determination of lactate level is useful for clinical emergencies, as in the case of shock conditions or during surgical operations, as well as in numerous cases of respiratory failure, in cardiac or paediatric pathology and during exercise tests. Moreover, it is of prognostic significance in critically ill patients. Photometric methods are slow and, even when performed in good conditions, will give results only 30 min after blood collection, during which time the clinical condition of the patient may change. In this study, we have assessed the lactate biosensor, a method that yields lactate measurements in less than 1 min with only 100 microL of biological fluid. In order to test the validity of this method, we performed comparisons between the Sigma classical enzymatic reference method and two commercially available biosensors: the Ciba-Corning biosensor 865 and the Yellow Springs lactate biosensor. Lactate measurements were performed in heparinized arterial blood samples without antiglycolitic agent (n=71). In order to cover a wide range of lactate levels, samples came from patients admitted to the intensive care unit for severe conditions and patients addressed for bicycle exercise testing. Each whole blood sample was processed in duplicate by both biosensors. For plasma measurement, subsamples of whole blood were centrifuged and the resulting plasma were processed by the biosensors and the Sigma method. Two parameters that can potentially influence lactate measurement were also investigated: haematocrit and total protein levels. The data showed that measurements performed on plasma are satisfactory for both biosensors. For whole blood, the Ciba-Corning device gives accurate results but the Yellow Springs apparatus seriously underestimates lactate levels. This underestimation is strongly influenced by the haematocrit level, so that a correction factor can be calculated (based on the haemoglobin level), which allows accurate "corrected" results to be obtained for whole blood with the Yellow Springs analyser.
Cooperative Activity of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy with Antiangiogenic Thrombospondin-I Peptides, ABT-526 in Pet Dogs with Relapsed Lymphoma
Authors: Anthony Rusk, Elizabeth Cozzi, Marty Stebbins, David Vail, Joanne Graham, Victor Valli, Jack Henkin, Rick Sharpee, Chand Khanna
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Thrombospondin-I (TSP-I) is a natural antiangiogenic protein that enhances apoptosis of activated endothelial cells. A modified nonapeptide from TSP-I, ABT-526, has been found to be active in mouse cancer models and in dogs with naturally occurring cancers. To further assist in the development of ABT-526, we report herein on its evaluation in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy in pet dogs with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Experimental Design: Ninety-four pet dogs with naturally occurring first-relapse NHL were entered into a prospective randomized placebo controlled double-blinded trial of ABT-526 plus CeeNu (Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY) versus CeeNu alone. Endpoints included response rate, duration of response, time to progression, and incidence of toxicoses. Results: No significant ABT-526-specific toxicities were seen. CeeNu-associated toxicities, including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, gastroenteritis, and elevated alanine transaminase, were similar. No significant difference in objective response rate was seen (ABT-526 + CeeNu versus placebo + CeeNu, 23/49 versus 23/37; P &amp;gt; 0.25). Cooperative activity between ABT-526 and CeeNu chemotherapy was evident based on a significant increase in the median response duration of dogs receiving ABT-526 plus CeeNu compared with placebo plus CeeNu (35 versus 15 days; P &amp;lt; 0.05). The time to progression for responding cases was also significantly greater in dogs receiving ABT-526 plus CeeNu compared with placebo plus CeeNu (41 versus 21 days; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Results of this preclinical trial suggest that the activity of ABT-526 is sustained when combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy; furthermore, the activity seems to be associated with the maintenance of CeeNu-induced treatment responses. Further studies of TSP-I peptide antiangiogenic therapy in pet dogs and humans with NHL are warranted.
Left ventricular akinesis: experimental production, haemodynamic effects, and results of excision
Authors: P. C. PAIROLERO, B. D. McCALLISTER, F. J. HALLERMANN, J. L. TITUS, F. H. ELLIS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Myocardial infarcts were produced in 25 dogs by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and distal arterial injection of agar solution. The resultant infarcts were excised either acutely (one week) or chronically (four to six weeks). Left ventricular cineangiocardiography and haemodynamics were performed before and after infarctectomy. Haemodynamics were measured at rest and during infusion of angiotensin II, acetylcholine, and isoproterenol. These findings were compared with those from 11 control dogs, five of which underwent excision of normal myocardium. After infarctectomy, cardiac output was not significantly changed. Although left ventricular akinesis resulted in a measurable decrease in left ventricular function, excision of the akinetic segment did not improve function.
Does Local Anesthetic Patch Reduce the Injection Site Pain of Fulvestrant in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer?
Authors: Y. Yano, H. Okamoto, M. Onitsuka, N. Mori, M. Nakamura, S. Hisama, K. Nosaka, M. Ibusuki, Y. Yamamoto, H. Iwase
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: K.G.M.M. Alberti, Robert H. Eckel, Scott M. Grundy, Paul Z. Zimmet, James I. Cleeman, Karen A. Donato, Jean-Charles Fruchart, W. Philip T. James, Catherine M. Loria, Sidney C. Smith
Journal: Circulation (2009)

A cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which occur together more often than by chance alone, have become known as the metabolic syndrome. The risk factors include raised blood pressure, dyslipidemia (raised triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), raised fasting glucose, and central obesity. Various diagnostic criteria have been proposed by different organizations over the past decade. Most recently, these have come from the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The main difference concerns the measure for central obesity, with this being an obligatory component in the International Diabetes Federation definition, lower than in the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria, and ethnic specific. The present article represents the outcome of a meeting between several major organizations in an attempt to unify criteria. It was agreed that there should not be an obligatory component, but that waist measurement would continue to be a useful preliminary screening tool. Three abnormal findings out of 5 would qualify a person for the metabolic syndrome. A single set of cut points would be used for all components except waist circumference, for which further work is required. In the interim, national or regional cut points for waist circumference can be used.
Amoebic liver abscess or is it?
Authors: K.-C. Hu, C.-C. Lin, T.-E. Wang, C.-Y. Liu, M.-J. Chen, W.-H. Chang
Journal: Gut (2008)

A 63-year-old man presented with a 5-day history of fever and blood-tinged watery diarrhoea. His examination was otherwise unremarkable except for a harsh systolic ejection murmur. Laboratory studies revealed a white blood cell …
Quality of life in patients with COPD three years after a multidisciplinary program of pulmonary rehabilitation in primary care
Authors: Ann-Britt Zakrisson, Anna Ljunggren-Karlsson, Louise Tamm, Kersti Theander, Margareta Gustafsson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  COPD is an irreversible widespread disease which increases dramatically. According to previous research the quality of life in (QoL) patients with COPD is impaired but can be improved by pulmonary rehabilitation.   Aim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate if a six week nurse-led multidisciplinary program for pulmonary rehabilitation in primary care had effect on quality of life in patients with COPD in a three-year period.   Method:  Quasi experimental design was used to evaluate the program. The intervention group consisted of 40 patients who had participated in the program. The control group consisted of 24 patients who received traditional care. QoL was measured at baseline, after one year and after three years using Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ). Statistical analysis of differences within the groups over the three years was performed by means of Friedmans test. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between the groups.   Results:  There was no statistically significant difference between the groups at baseline. There was no statistically significant difference in improvement between the groups during a three year perspective for CCQ total. Neither was there any statistically significant difference within the control group. During a three year perspective there was a statistically significant difference of improvement within the intervention group for CCQ total (p=0,037) and CCQ functional state (p=0,026).   Conclusion:  The rehabilitation program had an improving effect on QoL in patients with COPD within the intervention-group during a three year perspective.
Malassezia-derived indoles activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and inhibit Toll-like receptor-induced maturation in monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Authors: C. Vlachos, B.M. Schulte, P. Magiatis, G.J. Adema, G. Gaitanis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator with pleiotropic effects. The production of potent AhR ligands by Malassezia yeasts, such as indirubin, indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ), tryptanthrin and malassezin, has been associated with the pathogenesis of seborrhoeic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor. Antigen-presenting cells in the skin can encounter microbes in the presence of these bioactive metabolites that could potentially modulate their function.To study the effects of the aforementioned naturally occurring ligands on AhR activation and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced maturation in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs).These indoles were screened for AhR activation capacity in moDCs employing CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 induction as read out and for their effects on the function of moDCs after TLR-ligand stimulation.Indirubin and ICZ were the most potent AhR ligands and were selected for subsequent experiments. Concurrent exposure of moDCs to indirubin or ICZ together with TLR agonists significantly augmented the AhR-mediated CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene expression. Additionally, mature DCs that were subsequently stimulated with AhR ligands showed increased AhR target gene expression. Moreover, these ligands limited TLR-induced phenotypic maturation (CD80, CD83, CD86, MHC II upregulation) of moDCs, reduced secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12, and decreased their ability to induce alloreactive T-lymphocyte proliferation.These results demonstrate that AhR agonists of yeast origin are able to inhibit moDC responses to TLR ligands and that moDCs can adapt through increased transcription of metabolizing enzymes such as CYP1A1 and CYP1B1.
P44 Assessment Of Spirometry And Impulse Oscillometry In Relation To Asthma Control
Authors: A. Manoharan, W. Anderson, J. Lipworth, B. Lipworth
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Guidelines advocate the use of spirometry to assess pulmonary function in asthmatic patients. Commonly used measures include forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>), forced expiratory ratio (FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC) and forced mid-expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF<sub>25–75</sub>). Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is an effort independent test performed during tidal breathing. IOS may be used to assess the total and central airway resistance at 5 Hz (R5) and 20 Hz (R20) respectively and hence derive the peripheral airway resistance from the difference (R5-R20). <h3>Objective</h3> To compare spirometry and IOS as tests of global airway function (i.e. FEV<sub>1</sub>, FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC, R5) and putative measures of small airways function (i.e. FEF<sub>25–75</sub>, R5-R20) and their relationship to long-term asthma control. <h3>Methods</h3> Spirometry and IOS measurements from asthmatics were linked to a health informatics database for oral steroid and short-acting beta agonist (SABA) use 1 year prior to the measurements. <h3>Results</h3> 442 patients had both spirometry and IOS, mean FEV<sub>1</sub>= 86% predicted, 94% on ICS, median dose 800 µg/day. IOS and spirometry measures were equally predictive of impaired asthma control for both oral steroid and SABA use. For oral steroid use, the adjusted odds ratio, OR (95% CI): FEV<sub>1</sub> &lt;80%: 1.56(0.99–2.47) p = 0.056, FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC25–75 &lt;60%: 1.84(1.18–2.86) p = 0.007, R5 &gt;150%: 1.91(1.25–2.95) p = 0.003 and R5-R20 &gt;0.1 kPa·L<sup>-1</sup>·s 1.73(1.12–2.66) p = 0.013. For SABA use, the adjusted OR (95% CI): FEV<sub>1</sub> &lt;80%: 2.22(1.43–3.44) p &lt; 0.001, FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC 25–75 &lt;60%: 2.51(1.65–3.82) p &lt; 0.001, R5 &gt;150%: 1.76(1.18–2.63) p = 0.006 and R5-R20 &gt;0.1 kPa·L<sup>-1</sup>·s: 2.94(1.94–4.46) p. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Spirometry or IOS measurements are equally useful as potential markers of asthma control in persistent asthmatic patients.
The 6‐min walk distance: change over time and value as a predictor of survival in severe COPD
Authors: V.M. Pinto-Plata, C. Cote, H. Cabral, J. Taylor, B.R. Celli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The 6-min walk distance (6MWD) is used to evaluate the functional capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The change in 6MWD over time and its correlation with changes in spirometry and survival are unclear. Patients (n=198) with severe COPD and 41 age-matched controls were followed for 2 yrs, and anthropometrics, spirometry, 6MWD and comorbidities were measured. The 6MWD decreased in the COPD group from 238 +/- 107 m to 218 +/- 112 m (-26 +/- 37 m x yr(-1)), and increased in the control group from 532 +/- 82 m to 549 +/- 86 m (12 +/- 25 m x yr(-1)). In both groups, there was a poor correlation with changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Nonsurvivors in the COPD group (42%) had a more pronounced change in the 6MWD (-40 versus -22 m x yr(-1)) but a similar change in FEV1 (118 versus 102 mL x yr(-1)). The 6MWD independently predicted survival, after accounting for age, body mass index, FEV1 and comorbidities. In severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the 6-min walk distance predicts mortality better than other traditional markers of disease severity. Its measurement is useful in the comprehensive evaluation of patients with severe disease.
Stress, coping strategies and social support in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome prior to disease onset: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: D Karaiskos, C P Mavragani, S Makaroni, E Zinzaras, M Voulgarelis, A Rabavilas, H M Moutsopoulos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Previous evidence suggests the role of psychological stress in triggering the onset of autoimmunity. We aimed to investigate whether stress following major and minor life events could precede the onset of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The role of coping strategies and social support, as compensating buffering mechanisms, was also explored.47 patients with pSS were compared with two control groups: 35 patients with lymphoma (disease controls, DC) and 120 healthy controls (HC) with disease onset within the previous year. All subjects completed questionnaires assessing the occurrence of major and minor stressful events, coping strategies and social support prior to disease onset. Data analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.A higher number of patients with pSS reported the occurrence of negative stressful life events prior to disease onset compared with patients with lymphoma and HC, while the number and impact of daily hassles did not differ between the three groups. Coping strategies were defective and the overall social support was lower in patients with pSS compared with DC and HC groups. In the multivariate model, pSS status was associated with maladaptive coping and lower overall social support relative to DC and HC, as well as with an increased number of negative stressful life events compared with HC but not DC.Prior to disease onset, patients with pSS experience high psychological stress following major negative life events, without developing satisfactory adaptive coping strategies to confront their stressful life changes. Lack of social support may contribute to the relative risk of disease development.
Second-line carboplatin and gemcitabine in platinum sensitive ovarian cancer – a dose-finding study by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Ovarian Cancer Study Group
Authors: A. du Bois, H.J. Lück, J. Pfisterer, W. Schroeder, J.U. Blohmer, R. Kimmig, V. Moebus, J. Quaas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Light chain composition of serum granulocyte binding immunoglobulins
Authors: Kaushik A. Shastri, Brian M. O'Connor, Gerald L. Logue, David S. Shimm, Pradip K. Rustagi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Serum granulocyte binding IgG, IgM, and the light chain composition of granulocyte binding immunoglobulins were measured in 58 adult subjects, including 8 normal individuals, 6 with Felty syndrome, 6 with chronic idiopathic neutropenia, 32 with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 6 with multiple myeloma. An abnormal kappa/lambda ratio of granulocyte binding immunoglobulins was detected in 12 of 32 patients with CLL. Neutropenia in patients with CLL did not correlate with an abnormal kappa/lambda ratio or excess granulocyte binding IgG, but did correlate with granulocyte binding IgM ( P &lt; 0.02). Eight of the 12 patients (5 with chronic idiopathic neutropenia and 3 with Felty syndrome) with an immune neutropenia without underlying neoplastic disorder had light chain restricted granulocyte binding immunoglobulins. Of all patients' sera with light chain restriction, 76% were of lambda light chain isotype. Thus, the frequent detection of light chain restriction of granulocyte binding immunoglobulins is not a reflection of malignancy but is suggestive of the somatic mutation of immunoglo‐bulin light chain genes.
Characterization of Fat Particles in Plasma of Hyperlipemic Subjects Maintained on Fat-free High-Carbohydrate Diets*
Authors: Edwin L. Bierman, Daniel Porte, David D. O'Hara, Maurice Schwartz, Francis C. Wood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Lipemia in man is characterized by the pres- ence of fat particles circulating in plasma (1).These fat particles are the largest of the plasma lipid-protein aggregates, contain predominately triglyceride, and when present in sufficient con- centration, cause plasma to appear turbid or lac- tescent (2).The persistence of lipemic plasma in the postabsorptive state is considered to be abnormal.In the absence of an underlying major disease (notably insulin-dependent diabetes, pancreatitis, or nephrosis) the cause of hyperlipemia is un- known (3).Ahrens and colleagues (4-6) have described two forms of primary hyperlipemia, separable in part by their response to low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets.In "fat-induced lip- emia," plasma clears as a result of dietary fat reduction, whereas in "carbohydrate-induced lip- emia" grossly visible lipemia is maintained.These divergent dietary responses suggest that the fat particles accumulating in plasma of hyper- lipemic patients may have different properties.It has recently been shown that the plasma fat particles of normal subjects following high-fat meals are heterogeneous (7).Even though they all readily float in saline (D < 1.006), they can be fractionated into distinct classes by zone elec- *
Outpatient weekly high-dose continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil plus oral leucovorin in advanced colorectal cancer. A phase II trial
Authors: E. Aranda, I. Barneto, A. Cervantes, J. García-Conde, A. Carrato, J.M. Barón, E. Díaz-Rubio, C. Fernández-Martos, A. Antón-Torres, T. Massutí
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)
The Human Homolog of the QKI Gene Affected in the Severe Dysmyelination “Quaking” Mouse Phenotype: Downregulated in Multiple Brain Regions in Schizophrenia
Authors: Vahram Haroutunian, Pavel Katsel, Stella Dracheva, Kenneth L. Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: The authors sought to understand the origins of oligodendrocyte/myelin gene expression abnormalities in the brains of persons with schizophrenia. Method: Twelve cortical regions (Brodmann's areas 8, 10, 44, 46, 23/31, 24/32, 20, 21, 22, 36/28, 7, and 17) and three noncortical regions (caudate, hippocampus, and putamen) of 16 elderly schizophrenia patients and 14 matched comparison subjects were examined using 450 separate microarrays. The mRNA levels of QKI and its isoforms were then measured in a larger cohort by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the cingulate cortex of schizophrenia subjects and matched comparison subjects. Results: Expression of QKI mRNA was decreased in seven cortical regions and the hippocampus in the schizophrenia subjects. QKI gene expression deficits detected by microarray were validated by qPCR in the cingulate cortex, where the expression of isoforms QKI-5, QKI-6, and QKI-7 were profoundly perturbed in schizophrenia. Conclusions: Since QKI plays a fundamental role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and in myelination, its underexpression may be pivotal to, and upstream of, other myelin-associated gene expression abnormalities in schizophrenia. Given the role of QKI in determination of oligodendrocyte fate, these results not only confirm oligodendrocyte-related gene expression abnormalities in schizophrenia but suggest that the physiology of glial progenitor cells may be altered in schizophrenia.
Evolutionary Approaches to Prolong Progression-Free Survival in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ariosto S. Silva, Yoonseok Kam, Zayar P. Khin, Susan E. Minton, Robert J. Gillies, Robert A. Gatenby
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Many cancers adapt to chemotherapeutic agents by upregulating membrane efflux pumps that export drugs from the cytoplasm, but this response comes at an energetic cost. In breast cancer patients, expression of these pumps is low in tumors before therapy but increases after treatment. While the evolution of therapeutic resistance is virtually inevitable, proliferation of resistant clones is not, suggesting strategies of adaptive therapy. Chemoresistant cells must consume excess resources to maintain resistance mechanisms, so adaptive therapy strategies explicitly aim to maintain a stable population of therapy-sensitive cells to suppress growth of resistant phenotypes through intratumoral competition. We used computational models parameterized by in vitro experiments to illustrate the efficacy of such approaches. Here, we show that low doses of verapamil and 2-deoxyglucose, to accentuate the cost of resistance and to decrease energy production, respectively, could suppress the proliferation of drug-resistant clones in vivo. Compared with standard high-dose-density treatment, the novel treatment we developed achieved a 2-fold to 10-fold increase in time to progression in tumor models. Our findings challenge the existing flawed paradigm of maximum dose treatment, a strategy that inevitably produces drug resistance that can be avoided by the adaptive therapy strategies we describe. Cancer Res; 72(24); 6362–70. ©2012 AACR.