tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Consumption of spicy foods and total and cause specific mortality: population based cohort study
Authors: Jun Lv, Lu Qi, Canqing Yu, Ling Yang, Yu Guo, Yiping Chen, Zheng Bian, Dianjianyi Sun, Jianwei Du, Pengfei Ge, Zhenzhu Tang, Wei Hou, Yanjie Li, Junshi Chen, Zhengming Chen, Liming Li
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the associations between the regular consumption of spicy foods and total and cause specific mortality. <b>Design</b> Population based prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> China Kadoorie Biobank in which participants from 10 geographically diverse areas across China were enrolled between 2004 and 2008. <b>Participants </b>199 293 men and 288 082 women aged 30 to 79 years at baseline after excluding participants with cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. <b>Main exposure measures</b> Consumption frequency of spicy foods, self reported once at baseline. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Total and cause specific mortality. <b>Results</b> During 3 500 004 person years of follow-up between 2004 and 2013 (median 7.2 years), a total of 11 820 men and 8404 women died. Absolute mortality rates according to spicy food consumption categories were 6.1, 4.4, 4.3, and 5.8 deaths per 1000 person years for participants who ate spicy foods less than once a week, 1 or 2, 3 to 5, and 6 or 7 days a week, respectively. Spicy food consumption showed highly consistent inverse associations with total mortality among both men and women after adjustment for other known or potential risk factors. In the whole cohort, compared with those who ate spicy foods less than once a week, the adjusted hazard ratios for death were 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.84 to 0.96), 0.86 (0.80 to 0.92), and 0.86 (0.82 to 0.90) for those who ate spicy food 1 or 2, 3 to 5, and 6 or 7 days a week, respectively. Compared with those who ate spicy foods less than once a week, those who consumed spicy foods 6 or 7 days a week showed a 14% relative risk reduction in total mortality. The inverse association between spicy food consumption and total mortality was stronger in those who did not consume alcohol than those who did (P=0.033 for interaction). Inverse associations were also observed for deaths due to cancer, ischemic heart diseases, and respiratory diseases. <b>Conclusion</b> In this large prospective study, the habitual consumption of spicy foods was inversely associated with total and certain cause specific mortality, independent of other risk factors of death.
Molecular targets of tea polyphenols in the cardiovascular system
Authors: V STANGL, H DREGER, K STANGL, M LORENZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Tea-derived polyphenols have attracted considerable attention in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In comparison to tumour cells, the elucidation of their molecular targets in cardiovascular relevant cells is still at the beginning. Although promising experimental and clinical data demonstrate protective effects for the cardiovascular system, little information is actually available on how these beneficial effects of tea polyphenols are mediated at the cellular level. By affecting the activity of receptor and signal transduction kinases, both catechins and theaflavins – the major ingredients of green and black tea, respectively – exert a variety of cardiovascular beneficial effects. In general, the number and positions of galloyl groups have major influence on the potency of polyphenols. Compared to their broad impact on cellular signal transduction, tea polyphenols reveal little transcriptional effects. However, more detailed and profound analysis of molecular actions in different cells of the cardiovascular system is necessary before safe clinical use of tea polyphenols for treatment of cardiovascular diseases will become possible.
Inactivating<i>KISS1</i>Mutation and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: A. Kemal Topaloglu, Javier A. Tello, L. Damla Kotan, Mehmet N. Ozbek, M. Bertan Yilmaz, Seref Erdogan, Fatih Gurbuz, Fatih Temiz, Robert P. Millar, Bilgin Yuksel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the central regulator of gonadotropins, which stimulate gonadal function. Hypothalamic neurons that produce kisspeptin and neurokinin B stimulate GnRH release. Inactivating mutations in the genes encoding the human kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R, formerly called GPR54), neurokinin B (TAC3), and the neurokinin B receptor (TACR3) result in pubertal failure. However, human kisspeptin loss-of-function mutations have not been described, and contradictory findings have been reported in Kiss1-knockout mice. We describe an inactivating mutation in KISS1 in a large consanguineous family that results in failure of pubertal progression, indicating that functional kisspeptin is important for puberty and reproduction in humans. (Funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TÜBİTAK] and others.).
The development of a walkability index: application to the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study
Authors: L D Frank, J F Sallis, B E Saelens, L Leary, K Cain, T L Conway, P M Hess
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Emerging evidence supports a link between neighbourhood built environment and physical activity. Systematic methodologies for characterising neighbourhood built environment are needed that take advantage of available population information such as census-level demographics. Based on transportation and urban planning literatures, an integrated index for operationalising walkability using parcel-level information is proposed. Validity of the walkability index is examined through travel surveys among areas examined in the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study (NQLS), a study investigating built environment correlates of adults' physical activity.
Natural history of keratosis pilaris
Authors: L. POSKITT, J. D. WILKINSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

A questionnaire was sent to 83 patients in the south Buckinghamshire area, in whom a primary diagnosis of keratosis pilaris (KP) had been made within the preceding 20 years. Of the 50 questionnaires returned, one was invalid, and 49 were evaluated. The age range of patients surveyed was 18 months-25 years; 61% were female and 39% male. Age of onset of KP was within the first decade in 51%, second decade in 35%, third decade in 12%, and fourth decade in 2%. Body sites affected were the arms (92%), legs (59%), face (41%), buttocks (30%) and eyebrows (8%). Other family members were affected by KP in 39%; 55% had no family history of KP, and 6% did not know. There was a personal history of atopy in 37%, 16% had associated dry skin, and 47% had neither. A seasonal variation in the severity of KP was noted in 80% of patients; 49% of these improved in the summer and 47% worsened in the winter. Overall, KP had improved with age in 35% of patients, remained unchanged in 43%, and worsened in 22%. The mean age of improvement was 16 years.
β-fibrinogen gene −455 G/A Polymorphism and Fibrinogen Levels: Risk factors for coronary artery disease in subjects with NIDDM
Authors: Angela M Carter, Michael W Mansfield, Max H Stickland, Peter J Grant
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of a G/A polymorphism at position −455 of the β-fibrinogen gene and fibrinogen levels in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in subjects with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 187 Caucasian subjects with NIDDM, presence of CAD was taken as a clinical history of angina, myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass grafting, confirmed from medical case notes. RESULTS Fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in subjects with CAD (n = 38, 3.41 [3.12–3.73] g/l) than those without (n = 149, 2.99 [2.87–3.11] g/l, P = 0.004 [geometric mean, 95% CI]). Comparing the genotype frequencies by X2 testing, there was a significant difference between subjects with CAD (GG = 0.84, GA + AA = 0.16) and those without (GG = 0.64, GA + AA = 0.36, P = 0.02). In a logistic regression model, including age, BMI, cholesterol, sex, smoking, triglycerides, and plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen as covariates, genotype and fibrinogen levels were significantly associated with CAD. The odds ratio for having CAD in individuals homozygous for the G allele compared with those possessing the A allele was 1.77 (1.08−2.90), P = 0.03; and for an increase of 1 g/l in fibrinogen levels was 1.60 (1.00–2.60), P = 0.05. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a relationship between the −455 G/A β-fibrinogen gene polymorphism and the development of CAD in subjects with NIDDM. This relationship was not associated with variations in fibrinogen levels, suggesting that this polymorphism may be in linkage with a polymorphism within the coding region of the β-fibrinogen gene, which results in an alteration in the stability of the fibrin clot.
ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL FACTORS IN MANIC-DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EFFECT OF SHOCK THERAPY
Authors: JANE E. OLTMAN, SAMUEL FRIEDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

A review of temporal factors in 262 cases of manic-depressive psychosis indicates that the onset of illness is somewhat later in men than in women. Neither the age of onset, i.e., before or after 40, nor the type of predominant phase of illness, i.e., manic or depressive episodes, exerts a significant influence on the frequency of attacks or the length of remissions. The duration of hospitalization in untreated patients is essentially similar for manic and depressive episodes. Shock therapy effects a marked reduction in the duration of hospitalization of depressed patients; the effect is slightly greater for first hospitalizations than for later ones. There is less prominent shortening of length of hospitalization by shock therapy during manic episodes. In each instance the proportion of protracted hospitalizations is definitely diminished. The effect of shock therapy on length of remissions is not entirely clarified. However, it may be stated that shock therapy diminishes the incidence of rehospitalization within one year of discharge irrespective of the numerical order of the illness. The question as to whether or not the incidence of lengthy remissions is affected by shock therapy can be answered only after another decade or more of observation has elapsed.
Sustained Currents Through ASIC3 Ion Channels at the Modest pH Changes That Occur During Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Junichi Yagi, Heather N. Wenk, Ligia A. Naves, Edwin W. McCleskey
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) is highly expressed on sensory neurons that innervate heart and skeletal muscle and, therefore, is proposed to detect lactic acidosis and to transduce angina and muscle ischemic pain. A difficulty with this idea is that ASIC3 rapidly desensitizes. How can a desensitizing ion channel mediate a persisting sensation such as angina? Here, we show that rat ASIC3 produces a sustained current within the limited range of extracellular pH (7.3 to 6.7) that occurs during cardiac and skeletal muscle ischemia; experiments use patch clamp on transfected cell lines and on fluorescently tagged sensory neurons that innervate rat heart. No such sustained current occurs with ASIC1a (either as homomers or 1a/3 heteromers), whereas ASIC2a/3 heteromers give much larger currents than ASIC3 homomers. The sustained current persists even over tens of minutes because it is caused by a region of pH where there is overlap between inactivation and activation of the channel. Lactate, an anaerobic metabolite, allows the current to activate at slightly more basic pH. Surprisingly, amiloride, which blocks ASICs when they are activated at lower pH, increases ASIC3 current evoked at pH 7.0. Cardiac sensory neurons exhibit a small, perfectly sustained current when pH changes from 7.4 to 7.0. At least some of this current is carried by ASICs because the current is increased by both Zn(2+), an ASIC modulator, and amiloride. We suggest that this sustained mode is the most relevant form of ASIC3 gating for triggering angina and other ischemic pain.
Blood Ordering Habits for Elective Surgery: Time for Change
Authors: T Juma, A Baraka, M Abu-Lisan, S K Asfar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1990)

A prospective study was carried out for 6 months to determine the efficacy of blood ordering routines for elective surgery. It was found that only 23% of procedures needed preoperative crossmatching of blood (transfusion index ‘IT’ &gt;0.5). There was an excessive over-ordering of blood for 77% of the operations (crossmatch/transfusion ratio &gt;2.5). In addition, the transfusion index for the latter group showed that there was no need to prepare blood preoperatively (TI &lt;0.5). A transfusion tariff is worked out which abandons crossmatching for the majority of procedures (cholecystectomy, thyroidectomy and surgery for duodenal ulcer excluding gastrectomy). Instead a ‘group and screen’ policy is suggested.
Outcomes From the Moving Beyond Cancer Psychoeducational, Randomized, Controlled Trial With Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Annette L. Stanton, Patricia A. Ganz, Lorna Kwan, Beth E. Meyerowitz, Julienne E. Bower, Janice L. Krupnick, Julia H. Rowland, Beth Leedham, Thomas R. Belin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Evidence suggests that the re-entry phase (ie, early period after medical treatment completion) presents distinct challenges for cancer patients. To facilitate the transition to recovery, we conducted the Moving Beyond Cancer (MBC) trial, a multisite, randomized, controlled trial of psychoeducational interventions for breast cancer patients. Methods Breast cancer patients were registered within 6 weeks after surgery. After medical treatment, they completed baseline measures and were randomly assigned to standard National Cancer Institute print material (CTL); standard print material and peer-modeling videotape (VID); or standard print material, videotape, two sessions with a trained cancer educator, and informational workbook (EDU). Two primary end points were examined: energy/fatigue and cancer-specific distress. Secondary end points were depressive symptoms and post-traumatic growth. Perceived preparedness for re-entry was analyzed as a moderator of effects. Results Of 558 women randomly assigned to treatment, 418 completed the 6-month assessment and 399 completed the 12-month assessment. In analyses controlling for study site and baseline depressive symptoms, VID produced significant improvement in energy/fatigue at 6 months relative to CTL, particularly among women who felt less prepared for re-entry at baseline. No significant main effect of the interventions emerged on cancer-specific distress, but EDU prompted greater reduction in this outcome relative to CTL at 6 months for patients who felt more prepared for re-entry. Between-group differences in the primary outcomes were not significant at 12 months, and no significant effects emerged on the secondary end points. Conclusion A peer-modeling videotape can accelerate the recovery of energy during the re-entry phase in women treated for breast cancer, particularly among those who feel less prepared for re-entry.
Evaluation of a System for Automatic Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy From Color Fundus Photographs in a Large Population of Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Michael D. Abràmoff, Meindert Niemeijer, Maria S.A. Suttorp-Schulten, Max A. Viergever, Stephen R. Russell, Bram van Ginneken
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We thank Olson et al. (1) for their close reading of our recent study (2), where we examined sensitivity and specificity of automated diabetic retinopathy detection and demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87. A limited, 500-patient sample of all 10,000 photographic exams was examined by multiple, masked experts. We felt uncomfortable recommending a system for clinical practice for which patient safety compared to an accepted (gold) standard could not be established, concluding that it should be tested against widely accepted clinical standards, if practical. We have recently presented studies of an improved algorithm on a new, larger dataset of 15,000 exams with an area under the curve of 0.90 …
Bionic Cardiology: Exploration Into a Wealth of Controllable Body Parts in the Cardiovascular System
Authors: M. Sugimachi, K. Sunagawa
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2009)

Bionic cardiology is the medical science of exploring electronic control of the body, usually via the neural system. Mimicking or modifying biological regulation is a strategy used to combat diseases. Control of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation by selective vagal stimulation, suppression of ischemia-related ventricular fibrillation by vagal stimulation, and reproduction of neurally commanded heart rate are some examples of bionic treatment for arrhythmia. Implantable radio-frequency-coupled on-demand carotid sinus stimulators succeeded in interrupting or preventing anginal attacks but were replaced later by coronary revascularization. Similar but fixed-intensity carotid sinus stimulators were used for hypertension but were also replaced by drugs. Recently, however, a self-powered implantable device has been reappraised for the treatment of drug-resistant hypertension. Closed-loop spinal cord stimulation has successfully treated severe orthostatic hypotension in a limited number of patients. Vagal nerve stimulation is effective in treating heart failure in animals, and a small-size clinical trial has just started. Simultaneous corrections of multiple hemodynamic abnormalities in an acute decompensated state are accomplished simply by quantifying fundamental cardiovascular parameters and controlling these parameters. Bionic cardiology will continue to promote the development of more sophisticated device-based therapies for otherwise untreatable diseases and will inspire more intricate applications in the twenty-first century.
Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase on Immune Cells Protects From Adverse Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Florian Bönner, Nadine Borg, Christoph Jacoby, Sebastian Temme, Zhaoping Ding, Ulrich Flögel, Jürgen Schrader
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) on immune cells is emerging as a critical pathway and therapeutic target in cardiovascular and autoimmune disorders.Here, we investigated the role of CD73 in postinfarction inflammation, cardiac repair, and remodeling in mice after reperfused myocardial infarction (50-minute ischemia).We found that compared with control mice (1) cardiac function in CD73(-/-) mice more severely declined after infarction (systolic failure with enhanced myocardial edema formation) as determined by MRI and was associated with the persistence of cardiac immune cell subsets, (2) cardiac adenosine release was augmented 7 days after ischemia/reperfusion in control mice but reduced by 90% in CD73 mutants, (3) impaired healing involves M1-driven immune response with increased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-17, as well as decreased transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10, and (4) CD73(-/-) mice displayed infarct expansion accompanied by an immature replacement scar and diffuse ventricular fibrosis. Studies on mice after bone marrow transplantation revealed that CD73 present on immune cells is a major determinant promoting cardiac healing.These results, together with the upregulation of CD73 on immune cells after ischemia/reperfusion, demonstrate the crucial role of purinergic signaling during cardiac healing and provide groundwork for novel anti-inflammatory strategies in treating adverse cardiac remodeling.
Molecular profile of oligodendrogliomas in young patients
Authors: V. Suri, P. Jha, S. Agarwal, P. Pathak, M. C. Sharma, V. Sharma, S. Shukla, K. Somasundaram, A. K. Mahapatra, S. S. Kale, C. Sarkar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2011)

Several studies on molecular profiling of oligodendrogliomas (OGs) in adults have shown a distinctive genetic pattern characterized by combined deletions of chromosome arms 1p and 19q, O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation, which have potential diagnostic, prognostic, and even therapeutic relevance. OGs in pediatric and young adult patients are rare and have been poorly characterized on a molecular and biological basis, and it remains uncertain whether markers with prognostic significance in adults also have predictive value in these patients. Fourteen cases of OGs in young patients (age, ≤25 years) who received a diagnosis over 7 years were selected (7 pediatric patients age ≤18 years and 7 young adults aged 19–25 years). The cases were evaluated for 1p/19q status, MGMT promoter methylation, p53 mutation, and IDH1 mutation. None of the pediatric cases showed 1p/19q deletion. In young adults, combined 1p/19q loss was observed in 57% and isolated 1p loss in 14% of cases. The majority of cases in both subgroups (71% in each) harbored MGMT gene promoter methylation. TP53 and IDH1 mutations were not seen in any of the cases in both the groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that molecular profile of OGs in pediatric and young adult patients is distinct. Further large-scale studies are required to identify additional clinically relevant genetic alterations in this group of patients.
Cross-Talk in Cell Death Signaling
Authors: Sophie Roy, Donald W. Nicholson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Apoptotic cell suicide can be initiated by a plethora of stimuli that generally feed into one of two known cell death signaling pathways ([Fig. 1][1]; for review see references ([1][2]) and ([2][3])). Both pathways share many features, including molecular devices that spark caspase activation by
Reflex Apnea, Bradycardla, and Hypotension Produced by Serotonin and Phenyldiguanidecting on the Nodose Ganglia of the Cat
Authors: Louise Jacobs, Julius H. Comroe
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Five to 20 µg of phenyldiguanide or serotonin (5-HT) injected into the common carotid arteries of cats (anesthetized with chloralose and urethan) elicited an immediate apnea, usually accompanied by bradycardia and hypotension. The response persisted after ligation of the external carotid and lingual arteries. Since the internal carotid is occluded in the cat, the receptors must be in the distribution of the occipital or ascending pharyngeal arteries. Denervation of the carotid sinus and carotid body, removal of the superior cervical ganglion, section of the vagosympathetic trunk below the nodose ganglion, and extracranial section of cranial nerves IX, XI, and XII did not diminish the response. Section or procaine block of the extracranial supranodose vagus or removal of the nodose ganglion usually abolished the apnea and bradycardia; hypotension still occurred in many cats. Examination of the nodose ganglion by fluorescence microscopy revealed nests of intensely fluorescent cells similar to type 1 carotid body cells. Although previous investigators have reported that veratrnm alkaloids or acetylstrophanthidin causes vomiting or bradycardia by an action on the nodose ganglion, this is the first demonstration that a naturally occurring substance (5-HT) stimulates receptors in the nodose ganglion, causing reflex apnea and hypotension in addition to bradycardia.