tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mesenteric fat in Crohn's disease: the hot spot of inflammation?
Authors: Britta Siegmund
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> In 2019, the Australian life insurance industry introduced a partial moratorium (ban) limiting the use of genetic test results in life insurance underwriting. The moratorium is industry self-regulated and applies only to policies below certain financial limits (eg, $500 000 of death cover). <h3>Methods</h3> We surveyed Australian health professionals (HPs) who discuss genetic testing with patients, to assess knowledge of the moratorium; reported patient experiences since its commencement; and HP views regarding regulation of genetic discrimination (GD) in Australia. <h3>Results</h3> Between April and June 2020, 166 eligible HPs responded to the online survey. Of these, 86% were aware of the moratorium, but &lt;50% had attended related training/information sessions. Only 16% answered all knowledge questions correctly, yet 69% believed they had sufficient knowledge to advise patients. Genetics HPs' awareness and knowledge were better than non-genetics HPs' (p&lt;0.05). There was some reported decrease in patients delaying/declining testing after the moratorium's introduction, however, 42% of HPs disagreed that patients were more willing to have testing post-moratorium. Although many (76%) felt the moratorium resolved some GD concerns, most (88%) still have concerns, primarily around self-regulation, financial limits and the moratorium's temporary nature. Almost half (49%) of HPs reported being dissatisfied with the moratorium as a solution to GD. The majority (95%) felt government oversight is required, and 93% felt specific Australian legislation regarding GD is required. <h3>Conclusion</h3> While the current Australian moratorium is considered a step forward, most HPs believe it falls short of an adequate long-term regulatory solution to GD in life insurance.
Measurement of regional myocardial perfusion and mass by subselective hydrogen infusion and washout techniques: a validation study.
Authors: C L Grines, G B Mancini, M J McGillem, K P Gallagher, R A Vogel
Journal: Circulation (1987)

A technique was developed for measuring regional myocardial perfusion by intracoronary infusions of hydrogen (H2)-saturated saline. H2 concentration was detected during washout in the pulmonary artery by means of the voltage response of a platinum-tipped electrode. Regional myocardial perfusion was calculated from the H2 exponential desaturation curve according to the Kety-Schmidt principle. In 16 anesthetized open-chest dogs, validation of this technique was performed at baseline, reduced (stenosis), and hyperemic (dipyridamole) flow states by means of the radionuclide-labeled microsphere reference withdrawal technique. There was an excellent quadratic correlation between microsphere and H2 washout techniques (range 0.11 to 3.15 ml/min/g) (n = 33, r = .92, y = -0.12x2 + 0.89x + 0.20, SEE = 0.20 ml/min/g; p less than .0001). Hyperemic regional myocardial perfusion was underestimated by H2 washout and severely ischemic regional myocardial perfusion was overestimated. When regional myocardial perfusion values greater than twice normal were excluded, a strong linear correlation was present between H2 and microsphere measurements (n = 27, r = .89, y = 0.76x + 0.22, SEE = 0.18 ml/min/g; p less than .0001). The H2 washout method was further tested in 18 additional open chest dogs for calculations of the mass of an arterial perfusion bed according to the principle that the mass of the bed (g) equals coronary blood flow (ml/min) divided by regional myocardial perfusion (ml/min/g).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Persistent organ failure during the first week as a marker of fatal outcome in acute pancreatitis
Authors: C D Johnson
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> In predicted severe acute pancreatitis, many patients develop organ failure and recover without local complications, and mortality is only 14–30%. It has been suggested that half of patients with progressive early organ failure may die, but there are no data to relate death or local complications to duration of early (week 1) organ failure. <b>Aims:</b> To determine mortality rates in patients with transient (&lt;48 hours) and persistent (&gt;48 hours) early organ failure and to show whether persistent organ failure predicts death or local complications. <b>Patients:</b> A total of 290 patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis previously studied in a trial of lexipafant, recruited from 78 hospitals through 18 centres in the UK. <b>Method:</b> Manual review of trial database to determine: the presence of organ failure (Marshall score ⩾2) on each of the first seven days in hospital, duration of organ failure, and outcome of pancreatitis (death, complications by Atlanta criteria). <b>Results:</b> Early organ failure was present in 174 (60%) patients. After transient organ failure (n = 71), outcome was good: one death and 29% local complications. Persistent organ failure (n = 103) was followed by 36 deaths and 77% local complications, irrespective of onset of organ failure on admission or later during the first week. <b>Conclusion:</b> Duration of organ failure during the first week of predicted severe acute pancreatitis is strongly associated with the risk of death or local complications. Resolution of organ failure within 48 hours suggests a good prognosis; persistent organ failure is a marker for subsequent death or local complications.
Dairy farmers have increased methacholine bronchial responsiveness independent of sensitization to mold antigens.
Authors: M Amishima, M Munakata, Y Ohtsuka, A Satoh, T Takahashi, H Taguchi, Y Nasuhara, M Ohe, I Doi, Y Homma
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Patients with farmer's lung disease (FLD) and dairy farmers have nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. To examine the factors determining bronchial hyperresponsiveness among dairy farmers, we studied airway functions, airway responses to inhaled methacholine, serum total IgE levels, and antigen-specific IgE levels in 37 dairy farmers and 11 local control subjects. The 37 dairy farmers consisted of three groups; 12 farmers with episodes of FLD (FLD group), 13 farmers with serum antibody to Micropolyspora faeni (MF) and/or Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (TV) but without episodes of FLD (Ab(+) group), and 12 farmers without serum antibodies to MF and TV and without episodes of FLD (Ab(-) group). Pulmonary function tests showed small airways disorders among farmers (each of the three groups versus control subjects; p < 0.05). Methacholine provocation test, utilizing PD35Grs (a cumulative dose of methacholine that induces 35% reduction in respiratory conductance [Grs]), showed bronchial hyperresponsiveness in each group of dairy farmers compared with that in control subjects (Log PD35Grs, mean +/- SEM: 1.22 +/- 0.18, 1.00 +/- 0.17, and 1.20 +/- 0.20, respectively, versus 2.10 +/- 0.09; p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in bronchial responsiveness among the three groups of dairy farmers. In addition, there was no significant difference in serum total IgE levels and specific IgE antibodies among the four groups. These results suggest that the bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine among dairy farmers is not due to past episodes of FLD or sensitization to MF and/or TV, but is possibly due to the occupational environment of dairy farming.
RCP is a human breast cancer–promoting gene with Ras-activating function
Authors: Jinqiu Zhang, Xuejing Liu, Arpita Datta, Kunde Govindarajan, Wai Leong Tam, Jianyong Han, Joshy George, Christopher Wong, Kalpana Ramnarayanan, Tze Yoong Phua, Wan Yee Leong, Yang Sun Chan, Nallasivam Palanisamy, Edison Tak-Bun Liu, Krishna Murthy Karuturi, Bing Lim, Lance David Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Aggressive forms of cancer are often defined by recurrent chromosomal alterations, yet in most cases, the causal or contributing genetic components remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized microarray informatics to identify candidate oncogenes potentially contributing to aggressive breast cancer behavior. We identified the Rab-coupling protein RCP (also known as RAB11FIP1), which is located at a chromosomal region frequently amplified in breast cancer (8p11–12) as a potential candidate. Overexpression of RCP in MCF10A normal human mammary epithelial cells resulted in acquisition of tumorigenic properties such as loss of contact inhibition, growth-factor independence, and anchorage-independent growth. Conversely, knockdown of RCP in human breast cancer cell lines inhibited colony formation, invasion, and migration in vitro and markedly reduced tumor formation and metastasis in mouse xenograft models. Overexpression of RCP enhanced ERK phosphorylation and increased Ras activation in vitro. As these results indicate that RCP is a multifunctional gene frequently amplified in breast cancer that encodes a protein with Ras-activating function, we suggest it has potential importance as a therapeutic target. Furthermore, these studies provide new insight into the emerging role of the Rab family of small G proteins and their interacting partners in carcinogenesis.
An Assessment of the Impacts of Molecular Oxygen on the Evolution of Proteomes
Authors: S. Vieira-Silva, E. P. C. Rocha
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Oxygen is not only one of life's essential elements but also a source of protein damage, mutagenesis, and ageing. Many proteome adaptations have been proposed to tackle such stresses and we assessed them using comparative genomics in a phylogenetic context. First, we find that aerobiosis is a trait with important phylogenetic inertia but that oxygen content in proteins is not. Instead, oxygen content is close to the expected values given the nucleotide composition. Accordingly, we find no evidence of oxygen being a scarce resource for protein synthesis even among anaerobes. Second, we searched for counterselection of amino acids more prone to oxidation among aerobes. Only cysteine follows the expected trend, whereas tryptophan follows the inverse one. When analyzing composition in the context of protein structures and residue accessibility, we find that all oxidable residues are avoided at the surface of proteins. Yet, there is no difference between aerobes and anaerobes in this respect, and the effect might be explained by the hydrophobicity of these residues. Third, we revisited the hypothesis that atmospheric enrichment in molecular oxygen led to the development of the communication capabilities of eukaryotes. With a larger data set and adequate controls, we confirm the trend of longer oxygen-rich outer domains in transmembrane proteins of eukaryotes. Yet, we find no significant association between oxygen concentration in the environment and this trait within prokaryotes, suggesting that this difference is clade specific and independent of oxygen availability. We find that genes involved in cellular responses to oxygen are much more frequent among aerobes, and we suggest that they erase most expected differences in terms of proteome composition between organisms facing high and low oxygen concentrations.
Immunofluorescent demonstration of an intra-articular antigen-antibody complex in experimental arthritis of the guinea-pig.
Authors: B Belovic, T D Kinsella
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

f guinea-pig y2 globulin.§ Immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant with ovalbumin.n One pre-immunized with Freund's adjuvant alone and one not pre-immunized.
Medical Illness Burden, Trait Neuroticism, and Depression in Older Primary Care Patients
Authors: J M Lyness, P R Duberstein, D A King, C Cox, E D Caine
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The authors tested the hypotheses that medical illness burden is independently associated with depression and that this association is moderated by neuroticism. METHOD: Multiple regression techniques were used to determine the independent associations of medical burden and neuroticism with depression in a group of 196 subjects, 60 years of age and older, recruited from primary care settings. RESULTS: Medical burden and neuroticism were independently associated with major depression, depressive symptoms, and psychiatric dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support models in which medical disorders may contribute directly to depression. At the same time, the role of neuroticism in later-life depression warrants further study. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:969–971)
Induction of hapten-specific tolerance by interleukin 10 in vivo.
Authors: A H Enk, J Saloga, D Becker, M Mohamadzadeh, J Knop
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is released during the induction phase of contact sensitivity and was shown in prior functional studies to convert epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) from potent inducers of primary immune responses to specifically tolerizing cells in vitro. To investigate whether IL-10 also subserves the function of a tolerizing agent in vivo ears of BALB/c or C3H mice were injected intradermally with 1-2 micrograms of recombinant mouse (rm)IL-10 8 h before epicutaneous application of 3% trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB; a contact allergen). As a control, mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline or IL-10 plus neutralizing amounts of anti-IL-10 mAb. 5 d later, mice were challenged with 1% TNCB on contralateral ears and ear swelling response was measured 24 h later. Whereas control-treated mice showed a normal ear swelling response to epicutaneous challenge (delta mm-2 = 25 +/- 5), ear swelling response of IL-10-treated animals was significantly inhibited (delta mm-2 = 3 +/- 2). Coinjection of IL-10-specific mAb together with rmIL-10 completely abrogated this effect. To differentiate between a state of nonresponsiveness and induction of tolerance by IL-10, mice initially treated with IL-10 and TNCB were resensitized with 3% TNCB in the absence of any treatment after 14 d of rest (group 1). Again mice were challenged 5 d later and ear swelling responses were tested. Whereas control mice treated with allergen alone (group 2) showed a good swelling response (delta mm-2 = 28 +/- 6), IL-10-treated mice (group 1) showed a minimal response towards application of allergen (delta mm-2 = 4 +/- 2). To show that anergy induction by IL-10 was antigen-specific, mice initially treated with IL-10 plus TNCB were exposed to 0.5% dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) 14 d later (group 1). After challenge with 0.1% DNFB, IL-10-treated mice showed an ear swelling response (delta mm-2 = 13 +/- 3; group 1) similar to that of control mice only sensitized with DNFB (delta mm-2 = 14 +/- 3; group 3). In an attempt to show the induction of antigen-specific tolerance in these mice in vitro, regional lymph nodes of mice initially treated with TNCB plus IL-10 (group 1) and control-treated mice (groups 2 and 3) were prepared and cultured in the presence of TNBS, dinitrobenzene sulfonate (DNBS), or medium to measure antigen-specific proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A case of resistance beyond extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Japan
Authors: Hajime Kanamori, Bine Uchiyama, Satoshi Mitarai, Takashi Hatakeyama, Noboru Aso, Mitsuo Kaku
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Establishing definition, standardised drug-susceptibility testing, effective treatment for beyond-XDR-TB: urgent issue http://ow.ly/mxKJT
BOTH HYPOGLYCEMIA AND HYPERGLYCEMIA ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED INCIDENCE OF IN-STENT RESTENOSIS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY
Authors: Annunziata Nusca, Giuseppe Patti, Francesco Marino, Fabio Mangiacapra, Laura Gatto, Marco Miglionico, Rosetta Melfi, Andrea D’Ambrosio, Germano Di Sciascio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Identification of Cdca7 as a novel Notch transcriptional target involved in hematopoietic stem cell emergence
Authors: Jordi Guiu, Dylan J.M. Bergen, Emma De Pater, Abul B.M.M.K. Islam, Verónica Ayllón, Leonor Gama-Norton, Cristina Ruiz-Herguido, Jessica González, Nuria López-Bigas, Pablo Menendez, Elaine Dzierzak, Lluis Espinosa, Anna Bigas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) specification occurs in the embryonic aorta and requires Notch activation; however, most of the Notch-regulated elements controlling de novo HSC generation are still unknown. Here, we identify putative direct Notch targets in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) embryonic tissue by chromatin precipitation using antibodies against the Notch partner RBPj. By ChIP-on-chip analysis of the precipitated DNA, we identified 701 promoter regions that were candidates to be regulated by Notch in the AGM. One of the most enriched regions corresponded to the Cdca7 gene, which was subsequently confirmed to recruit the RBPj factor but also Notch1 in AGM cells. We found that during embryonic hematopoietic development, expression of Cdca7 is restricted to the hematopoietic clusters of the aorta, and it is strongly up-regulated in the hemogenic population during human embryonic stem cell hematopoietic differentiation in a Notch-dependent manner. Down-regulation of Cdca7 mRNA in cultured AGM cells significantly induces hematopoietic differentiation and loss of the progenitor population. Finally, using loss-of-function experiments in zebrafish, we demonstrate that CDCA7 contributes to HSC emergence in vivo during embryonic development. Thus, our study identifies Cdca7 as an evolutionary conserved Notch target involved in HSC emergence.
Diurnal Cortisol Rhythm as a Predictor of Breast Cancer Survival
Authors: S. E. Sephton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Background: Abnormal circadian rhythms have been observed in patients with cancer, but the prognostic value of such alterations has not been confirmed. We examined the association between diurnal variation of salivary cortisol in patients with metastatic breast cancer and subsequent survival. We explored relationships between cortisol rhythms, circulating natural killer (NK) cell counts and activity, prognostic indicators, medical treatment, and psychosocial variables. Methods: Salivary cortisol levels of 104 patients with metastatic breast cancer were assessed at study entry at 0800, 1200, 1700, and 2100 hours on each of 3 consecutive days, and the slope of diurnal cortisol variation was calculated using a regression of log-transformed cortisol concentrations on sample collection time. NK cell numbers were measured by flow cytometry, and NK cell activity was measured by the chromium release assay. The survival analysis was conducted by the Cox proportional hazards regression model with two-sided statistical testing. Results: Cortisol slope predicted subsequent survival up to 7 years later. Earlier mortality occurred among patients with relatively “flat” rhythms, indicating a lack of normal diurnal variation (Cox proportional hazards, P = .0036). Patients with chest metastases, as opposed to those with visceral or bone metastases, had more rhythmic cortisol profiles. Flattened profiles were linked with low counts and suppressed activity of NK cells. After adjustment for each of these and other factors, the cortisol slope remained a statistically significant, independent predictor of survival time. NK cell count emerged as a secondary predictor of survival. Conclusions: Patients with metastatic breast cancer whose diurnal cortisol rhythms were flattened or abnormal had earlier mortality. Suppression of NK cell count and NK function may be a mediator or a marker of more rapid disease progression.
Cerebral Edema Without Ketoacidosis or Hyperosmolar Coma in a 16-Year- Old Boy
Authors: Ram M. Shastry, Vijayalakshmi Bhatia, Ravi P. Sahu, Eesh Bhatia
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Cerebral edema is a rare, but life- threatening, complication of diabetic ketoacidosis usually occurring during its treatment. There is no documentation of the occurrence of cerebral edema outside the setting of diabetic ketoacidosis (1).

We report a 16-year-old boy who walked into our clinic complaining of limited joint mobility (involving hands, elbows, and knees), poor linear growth, and diminished vision for 2 years. On direct questioning, osmotic symptoms were present for 2 years. There was no personal or family history suggestive of connective tissue disorder. The patient was alert and oriented and able to explain his medical history . He was 147.5 cm tall …
Effects of isokinetic resistance training on functional abilities of grade III anterior cruciate ligament injury patients
Authors: Zulezwan A Malik, Chen Chee Keong, Shahrulazua Ahmad, Mohd Imran Yusof
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate if 12 weeks of isokinetic resistance training programme at two different angular velocities (120 and 240°/s) would improve functional abilities of patients with grade III anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury without reconstruction. 19 subjects were recruited to the study. They were randomly assigned into three groups: control (6 subjects), 120°/s intervention group (6 subjects) and 240°/s intervention group (7 subjects). The first invention group (120°/s trained group) aged 36.8 ± 7.9 years participated in the prescribed training along with the existing conventional physiotherapy treatment. The second intervention group (240°/s trained group) aged 33 ± 11.4 years also participated in the prescribed training along with the existing conventional physiotherapy treatment. The control group aged 33.5 ± 6.8 years continued with the conventional physiotherapy only. The physiotherapy treatment was carried out by the subjects two times per week. The subjects in both the intervention groups were required to perform the isokinetic resistance training two times per week after the physiotherapy sessions. The results show that there was significant improvement (p&lt;0.05) of physical function in both intervention groups and the control group at post-training (after 12 weeks). However, there were no significant differences between the control group and intervention groups. These data indicate that isokinetic resistance training improved physical functions of patients with grade III ACL injury. Nevertheless, the existing physiotherapy programme also elicited similar benefits to these patients. Therefore, it is concluded that isokinetic resistance training combined with existing conventional physiotherapy and physiotherapy treatment alone are beneficial as a rehabilitation programme for patients with knee grade III ACL injury.
Oesophagopleural fistula as a novel cause of failed non-invasive ventilation
Authors: J R Hurst
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Non-invasive ventilatory support is commonly used to palliate symptoms and extend longevity in patients with ventilatory failure due to neuromuscular and restrictive chest wall disease. We describe a patient with ventilatory failure due to a combination of these factors in whom the application of non-invasive ventilation led to intolerable symptoms. An unusual cause for this was found.
Autocorrelation of Ventricular Response in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: JOHN R. BRAUNSTEIN, ERNST K. FRANKE
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The autocorrelation function of the ventricular electrocardiogram was calculated on an IBM-650 computer. The resulting function can lie fitted by an exponential-cosine function. This result is typical for a mixture of periodic and unperiodic events. For different patients, various degrees of periodicity were put in evidence by this method on a quantitative basis; the ventricular response was never completely irregular. In all cases investigated so far, the period that corresponds to the periodic component of the autocorrelation function was more rapid than the average rate of ventricular conduction.