tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Olanzapine Versus Ziprasidone: Results of a 28-Week Double-Blind Study in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Alan Breier, Paul H. Berg, Jogin H. Thakore, Dieter Naber, Wagner F. Gattaz, Patrizia Cavazzoni, Daniel J. Walker, Suraja M. Roychowdhury, John M. Kane
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and safety of olanzapine were compared with those of ziprasidone. METHOD: This was a multicenter randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, 28-week study of patients with schizophrenia. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with 10–20 mg/day of olanzapine or 80–160 mg/day of ziprasidone. The primary efficacy measure was the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score. Secondary efficacy and safety measures included Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale subscales as well as mood, quality of life, and extrapyramidal symptom scales. Safety was evaluated by recording treatment-emergent adverse events and measuring vital signs and weight. RESULTS: The study was completed by significantly more olanzapine-treated patients (165 of 277, 59.6%) than ziprasidone-treated patients (115 of 271, 42.4%). At 28 weeks, the olanzapine-treated patients showed significantly more improvement than the ziprasidone-treated patients on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale overall scale and all subscales and on the Clinical Global Impression ratings of severity of illness and improvement. The responder rate was higher for olanzapine than for ziprasidone. Extrapyramidal symptoms were not significantly different between groups in change-to-endpoint analyses, but results favored olanzapine on baseline-to-maximum changes. Weight change was significantly greater with olanzapine (mean=3.06 kg, SD=6.87) than with ziprasidone (mean=–1.12 kg, SD=4.70). Fasting lipid profiles were significantly superior in the ziprasidone group; there was no significant difference in fasting glucose level. CONCLUSIONS: Olanzapine treatment resulted in significantly greater psychopathology improvement and higher response and completion rates than ziprasidone treatment, while ziprasidone was superior for weight change and lipid profile.
Airway iron and iron-regulatory cytokines in cystic fibrosis
Authors: D.W. Reid, Q.T. Lam, H. Schneider, E.H. Walters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Iron availability is critical to Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The current authors determined sputum iron, ferritin, microalbumin levels and total cell counts (TCC) in 19 adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) during an acute exacerbation and repeated analyses following a median of 12 days antibiotic treatment. The current authors also determined sputum interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α levels because of their putative role in intracellular iron homeostasis. Additional data were obtained from 17 stable CF patients, eight patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and six normal subjects. Overall, sputum iron, ferritin, microalbumin, IL‐1β and TNF‐α concentrations and TCCs were significantly elevated in the CF patients compared to those with COPD and normal controls. Sputum ferritin levels were significantly elevated in acute versus stable CF patients and there was a trend for sputum TCC to be higher, but all other inflammatory indices were similar. In the CF patients, sputum iron was positively and strongly related to IL‐1β, TNF‐α, ferritin and microalbumin levels, but negatively related to forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted. In those acute patients who clinically improved with antibiotics (n=14), there were significant decreases in sputum TCC, iron, ferritin and IL‐1β content, but not TNF‐α or albumin levels. However, changes in sputum TNF‐α in acute patients were still closely related to changes in iron, ferritin and albumin content, and changes in IL‐1β were related to changes in sputum ferritin content. Iron and iron-regulatory cytokines may play a role in cystic fibrosis lung disease and the increased iron content may even facilitate Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
Reducing Pervasive False-Positive Identical-by-Descent Segments Detected by Large-Scale Pedigree Analysis
Authors: Eric Y. Durand, Nicholas Eriksson, Cory Y. McLean
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Analysis of genomic segments shared identical-by-descent (IBD) between individuals is fundamental to many genetic applications, from demographic inference to estimating the heritability of diseases, but IBD detection accuracy in nonsimulated data is largely unknown. In principle, it can be evaluated using known pedigrees, as IBD segments are by definition inherited without recombination down a family tree. We extracted 25,432 genotyped European individuals containing 2,952 father–mother–child trios from the 23andMe, Inc. data set. We then used GERMLINE, a widely used IBD detection method, to detect IBD segments within this cohort. Exploiting known familial relationships, we identified a false-positive rate over 67% for 2–4 centiMorgan (cM) segments, in sharp contrast with accuracies reported in simulated data at these sizes. Nearly all false positives arose from the allowance of haplotype switch errors when detecting IBD, a necessity for retrieving long (>6 cM) segments in the presence of imperfect phasing. We introduce HaploScore, a novel, computationally efficient metric that scores IBD segments proportional to the number of switch errors they contain. Applying HaploScore filtering to the IBD data at a precision of 0.8 produced a 13-fold increase in recall when compared with length-based filtering. We replicate the false IBD findings and demonstrate the generalizability of HaploScore to alternative data sources using an independent cohort of 555 European individuals from the 1000 Genomes project. HaploScore can improve the accuracy of segments reported by any IBD detection method, provided that estimates of the genotyping error rate and switch error rate are available.
The effect of 800 g and 1600 g inhaled salbutamol on FEV1 in non-asthmatic football players
Authors: J Hu, J Dickinson, N Chester, B Drust, G Whyte, M Loosemoore
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The World Anti-doping Agency stipulates that athletes who declare the use of salbutamol should not exceed 1600 μg over a 24 h period. Most studies investigating the effect of inhaled salbutamol on maximal flow volume values, such as FEV 1 , have investigated doses of up to 800 μg of salbutamol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inhaling 800 μg or 1600 μg on the FEV 1 in non-asthmatic football players. Five male non-asthmatic football players (mean+SD; age 24+4 y; weight 71+4 kg; height 175+5 cm) volunteered. Participants attended the laboratory on six occasions to inhale either a placebo, 800 μg of salbutamol or 1600 μg salbutamol and complete a football-specific run. Maximal Flow Volume Loops were measured at baseline, 10 min following inhalation of salbutamol or placebo and 5 min following the football specific run. Repeated measures ANOVA were performed to investigate the changes in FEV 1 10 min post salbutamol and post football specific treadmill run. Significance was assumed if p&lt;0.05. There was a significant difference (p=0.02) between FEV 1 following the inhalation of either 800 μg (4.4+0.5 l) or 1600 μg (4.4+0.4 l) salbutamol when compared to placebo (4.3+0.5 l) prior to the football-specific run. This significant difference was maintained following the completion of the football specific run following the inhalation of either 800 μg or 800 μg (4.5+0.5 l) or 1600 μg (4.5+0.5 l) salbutamol when compared placebo (4.3+0.5 l). The improvements in FEV 1 following the inhalation of 800 μg or 1600 μg salbutamol prior to the football-specific treadmill run appears to suggest there is a potential for significant bronchodilation in the airways of non-asthmatic football players. The difference in FEV 1 between placebo and salbutamol appears to be maintained following the completion of a football-specific treadmill run.
Remission of Persistent Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis After Electroconvulsive Therapy: Presentation of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: David J. Grelotti, Gen Kanayama, Harrison G. Pope
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Illicit methamphetamine abuse represents a major problem in many countries worldwide, including the United States. Prolonged regular smoking or injection of methamphetamine can cause a psychosis, typically characterized by paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations and often associated with disturbances in mood. These symptoms may persist long after methamphetamine is discontinued and may prove refractory to antipsychotic medications. The authors describe a patient who developed a typical methamphetamine psychosis that persisted despite months of abstinence from methamphetamine and weeks of treatment with antipsychotic medication but that responded promptly to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on two separate occasions: on initial presentation and again a year later when the patient relapsed into methamphetamine abuse and developed psychosis again. The authors review the large international literature on methamphetamine psychosis, much of which is from Japan and has not previously been summarized in English. Persistent methamphetamine psychosis has been widely reported in Japan for more than 50 years but is rarely discussed in the American literature, possibly because some such cases are misdiagnosed in the United States as primary psychotic disorders. Given the growing public health problem of methamphetamine abuse in the United States, the distinction between persistent methamphetamine psychosis and a primary psychotic disorder has grown increasingly important. Thus, American clinicians should be alert to the possibility of methamphetamine psychosis and may wish to consider ECT in refractory cases.
Granulocyte CEACAM3 Is a Phagocytic Receptor of the Innate Immune System that Mediates Recognition and Elimination of Human-specific Pathogens
Authors: Tim Schmitter, Franziska Agerer, Lisa Peterson, Petra Münzner, Christof R. Hauck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) are used by several human pathogens to anchor themselves to or invade host cells. Interestingly, human granulocytes express a specific isoform, CEACAM3, that participates together with CEACAM1 and CEACAM6 in the recognition of CEACAM-binding microorganisms. Here we show that CEACAM3 can direct efficient, opsonin-independent phagocytosis of CEACAM-binding Neisseria, Moraxella, and Haemophilus species. CEACAM3- but not CEACAM6-mediated uptake is blocked by dominant-negative versions of the small GTPase Rac. Moreover, CEACAM3 engagement triggers membrane recruitment and increased GTP loading of Rac that are not observed upon bacterial binding to CEACAM6. Internalization and Rac stimulation are also inhibited by compromising the integrity of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)–like sequence in the cytoplasmic tail of CEACAM3 or by interference with Src family protein tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate CEACAM3. In contrast to interfering with CEACAM6, blockage of CEACAM3-mediated events reduces the ability of primary human granulocytes to internalize and eliminate CEACAM-binding bacteria, indicating an important role of CEACAM3 in the control of human-specific pathogens by the innate immune system.
Hemodynamic Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene and Protein Expression in Adult Feline Myocardium
Authors: Samir R. Kapadia, Hakan Oral, Joseph Lee, Masayuki Nakano, George E. Taffet, Douglas L. Mann
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA and protein biosynthesis were examined in adult feline myocardium in the presence and absence of superimposed hemodynamic pressure overloading. A brief period of hemodynamic pressure overloading ex vivo resulted in de novo TNF-alpha mRNA expression within 30 minutes and de novo TNF-alpha protein production within 60 minutes; neither TNF-alpha mRNA nor protein was detected in hearts perfused at normal perfusion pressures. Moreover, TNF-alpha mRNA and protein biosynthesis were observed in myocyte and nonmyocyte cell types in the pressure-overloaded hearts. To determine whether a simple passive stretch of the myocardium was a sufficient stimulus for TNF-alpha biosynthesis, we examined TNF-alpha mRNA expression in stretched and unstretched papillary muscles. This study showed that myocardial stretch was a sufficient stimulus for the induction of TNF-alpha mRNA biosynthesis. The functional significance of the intramyocardial production of TNF-alpha was determined by examining cell motion in isolated contracting cardiac myocytes treated with superfusates from pressure-overloaded and control hearts. These studies showed that cell motion was depressed in myocytes treated with superfusates from the pressure-overloaded hearts but was normal with the superfusates from the control hearts. Finally, hemodynamic pressure overloading in vivo under physiological conditions was also shown to result in de novo intramyocardial TNF-alpha mRNA biosynthesis. In conclusion, this study constitutes the initial demonstration that the adult mammalian myocardium elaborates biologically active TNF-alpha, both ex vivo and in vivo, in response to hemodynamic pressure overloading.
Treatment of postpneumonectomy empyema: the case for fenestration.
Authors: P Goldstraw
Journal: Thorax (1979)

In Mearnskirk Hospital, Glasgow, 29 patients with postpneumonectomy empyema were treated by fenestration in a 12-year-period. Seven of these were not considered fit enough for definitive closure and died of continuing disease or respiratory infection. Twenty-two patients went on to closure of their fenestra, and in 17 (77%) the pneumonectomy space was rendered permanently sterile. If the empyema recurred treatment was repeated but proved less successful. Fenestration is an effective method of dealing with postpneumonectomy empyema, but also has several other advantages, particularly if the empyema is associated with a bronchopleural fistula.
Glycemic Index–Based Nutritional Education Improves Blood Glucose Control in Japanese Adults
Authors: Yuki Amano, Michiko Sugiyama, Jung S. Lee, Kiyoshi Kawakubo, Katsumi Mori, Ann C. Tang, Akira Akabayashi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

A low–glycemic index (GI) diet is effective in lowering A1C in diabetic patients (1–3). However, most research is from Western countries, where potato and wheat are the main sources of carbohydrates. A GI-based nutrition education program, designed for people who consume white rice (a high-GI food) as the staple, has not yet been studied. We developed a low-GI dietary regimen based on Japanese foods. This study aimed to evaluate whether GI-based nutrition education improves blood glucose control more than a conventional nutrition education in participants with type 2 diabetes or impaired fasting glucose.

We conducted a 3-month, randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial. Participant inclusion criteria were as follows: 1 ) fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between 110 and 160 mg/dl or A1C between 5.8 and 8.0% (4) and 2 ) nonusage of any hypoglycemic drugs.

All participants attended one group session on conventional nutritional education at baseline. Each participant was then randomly assigned to either GI-based or conventional nutrition education; four individual sessions followed (2nd week and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd month).

Conventional nutritional education was based on the Japan Diabetes Society guidelines (4) and focused on lowering total energy intake, mainly …
Diagnostic Efficacy of Impedance Plethysmography for Clinically Suspected Deep-Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Hull Rd, Hirsh J, Carter Cj, Jay Rm, Ockelford Pa, Buller Hr, Turpie Ag, Powers P, Kinch D, Dodd Pe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Impedance plethysmography is an accurate noninvasive method to test for proximal vein thrombosis, but it is insensitive to calf-vein thrombi. We randomly assigned patients on referral with clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis and normal impedance Plethysmographic findings to either serial impedance plethysmography alone or combined impedance plethysmography and leg scanning (which has been shown to be essentially as sensitive as venography) and compared the long-term outcomes. During the initial surveillance, deep-vein thrombosis was detected in 6 of 311 patients (1.9%) tested by serial impedance plethysmography alone and in 30 of 323 patients (9.3%) (most with calf-vein thrombi) tested by the combined approach (p < 0.001). During long-term follow-up, no patient died from pulmonary embolism; but 6 patients (1.9%; 95% confidence limits, 0.7% to 4.2%) tested by serial impedance plethysmography developed deep-vein thrombosis compared with 7 patients (2.2%; 95% confidence limits, 0.9% to 4.4%) tested by the combined approach. Serial impedance plethysmography used alone is an effective strategy to evaluate such symptomatic patients.
Drozitumab, a Human Antibody to Death Receptor 5, Has Potent Antitumor Activity against Rhabdomyosarcoma with the Expression of Caspase-8 Predictive of Response
Authors: Zhigang Kang, Jun-Jie Chen, Yunkai Yu, Bo Li, Shi-Yong Sun, Baolin Zhang, Liang Cao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common pediatric soft-tissue tumor. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and selectivity of drozitumab, a death receptor DR5-targeted therapeutic antibody, in RMS preclinical models.A panel of 11 RMS cell lines was used for in vitro studies. The molecular marker predictive of response to drozitumab was interrogated. Selected RMS cell lines were injected into the gastrocnemius muscle of mice for in vivo assessment of the potency and selectivity of drozitumab.We report that DR5, but not DR4, persisted at high levels and on the surface of all RMS cell lines. DR5 antibody drozitumab was effective in vitro against the majority of RMS cell lines. There was a strong correlation between caspase-8 expression and the sensitivity to drozitumab, which induced the rapid assembly of the death-induced signaling complex and the cleavage of caspase-8 only in sensitive cells. More importantly, caspase-8 catalytic activity was both necessary and sufficient for mediating the sensitivity to drozitumab. Furthermore, drozitumab had potent antitumor activity against established RMS xenografts with a specificity predicted from the in vitro analysis and with tumor-free status in half of the treated mice.Our study provides the first preclinical evaluation of the potency and selectivity of a death receptor antibody in RMS. Drozitumab is effective, in vitro, against the majority of RMS cell lines that express caspase-8 and, in vivo, may provide long-term control of RMS.
Avascular necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus: possible role of haemostatic abnormalities.
Authors: K Nagasawa, Y Ishii, T Mayumi, Y Tada, A Ueda, Y Yamauchi, T Kusaba, Y Niho
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

The pathogenesis of avascular necrosis of bone (ANB) was investigated in 111 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (24 with ANB, 87 without ANB); patients' ages, corticosteroid treatment, clinical and laboratory features associated with SLE, and haemostatic profiles were all taken into account. The mean ages of patients with and without ANB at the time of diagnosis of SLE was 24.1 and 31.2 years respectively. The mean maximal daily dose of prednisolone in the group with ANB was 50.8 mg, which was significantly higher than the dose (41.8 mg) in the group without ANB. Disease features of SLE, such as Raynaud's phenomenon, hyperlipidaemia, nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, and disease activity, were not found to be related to ANB. The percentage of patients who had lupus anticoagulant as well as a shorter activated partial thromboplastin time was greater in those with ANB than in those without. Multiple factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of ANB in SLE, and it is suggested that haemostatic abnormalities, which could be influenced by corticosteroids and young ages, play some part in the development of ANB.
The scimitar syndrome: clinical spectrum and surgical treatment
Authors: FM Schramel, CJ Westermann, PJ Knaepen, JM van den Bosch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

We present seven patients with the scimitar syndrome. The clinical and anatomical spectrum is described. Two different types of scimitar vein was recognized. a) simple classical vein running from the middle of the right lung to the cardiophrenic angle (5 patients) and b) double arched vein in the upper and lower lung zone, with ample drainage into the left atrium and inferior caval vein (2 patients). Four patients required surgical treatment. Indications, diagnostic procedures and surgical management are discussed. In two patients, thrombosis and fibrosis occurred in the scimitar vein that had been reimplanted in the left atrium, necessitating pneumonectomy.
PURGED AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN 25 CASES OF VERY POOR PROGNOSIS NEUROBLASTOMA
Authors: T. Philip, J.M. Zucker, M. Favrot, P. Bordigoni, E. Plouvier, A. Robert, J.L. Bernard, G. Souillet, I. Philip, J.P. Lutz, P. Carton, J. Kemshead
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Efficient Interaction of HIV-1 with Purified Dendritic Cells via Multiple Chemokine Coreceptors
Authors: Angela Granelli-Piperno, Bernhard Moser, Melissa Pope, Dongling Chen, Yang Wei, Frank Isdell, Una O'Doherty, William Paxton, Richard Koup, Svetlana Mojsov, Nina Bhardwaj, Ian Clark-Lewis, Marco Baggiolini, Ralph M. Steinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

HIV-1 actively replicates in dendritic cell (DC)-T cell cocultures, but it has been difficult to demonstrate substantial infection of purified mature DCs. We now find that HIV-1 begins reverse transcription much more efficiently in DCs than T cells, even though T cells have higher levels of CD4 and gp120 binding. DCs isolated from skin or from blood precursors behave similarly. Several M-tropic strains and the T-tropic strain IIIB enter DCs efficiently, as assessed by the progressive formation of the early products of reverse transcription after a 90-min virus pulse at 37°C. However, few late gag-containing sequences are detected, so that active viral replication does not occur. The formation of these early transcripts seems to follow entry of HIV-1, rather than binding of virions that contain viral DNA. Early transcripts are scarce if DCs are exposed to virus on ice for 4 h, or for 90 min at 37°C, conditions which allow virus binding. Also the early transcripts once formed are insensitive to trypsin. The entry of a M-tropic isolates is blocked by the chemokine RANTES, and the entry of IIIB by SDF-1. RANTES interacts with CCR5 and SDF-1 with CXCR4 receptors. Entry of M-tropic but not T-tropic virus is ablated in DCs from individuals who lack a functional CCR5 receptor. DCs express more CCR5 and CXCR4 mRNA than T cells. Therefore, while HIV-1 does not replicate efficiently in mature DCs, viral entry can be active and can be blocked by chemokines that act on known receptors for M- and T-tropic virus.