tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for exercise-related acute cardiac events. A case–control study
Authors: W M van Teeffelen, M F de Beus, A Mosterd, M L Bots, W L Mosterd, J Pool, P A Doevendans, D E Grobbee
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

In spite of the benefits of physical activity, exercise may provoke acute cardiac events in susceptible individuals. Understanding risk factors of exercise-related acute cardiac events may identify opportunities for prevention.A case-control study was conducted to examine determinants of acute cardiac events in athletes. The cases were athletes who suffered an acute cardiac event during or shortly after vigorous exercise. Athletes who visited a hospital because of a minor sports injury were selected as controls. Information on cardiovascular disease, family history of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular symptoms and other potential risk factors was collected through questionnaires.57 cases (mean age 41.8 years, range 11-73) and 57 controls (mean age 40.9 years, range 13-68) were included in the study. Athletes with a history of cardiovascular disease were at a markedly increased risk for cardiac events during exercise (OR = 32; 95% CI 7.4 to 143). Smoking (OR 5.9; 95% CI 1.9 to 18), fatigue (OR = 12; 95% CI 1.2 to 118) and flu-like symptoms (OR 13; 95% CI 1.4 to 131) in the month preceding the event were related to acute cardiac events in athletes.Prior cardiovascular disease, smoking, and a recent episode of fatigue or flu-like symptoms are associated with an increased risk of exercise-related acute cardiac events. Athletes and physicians should pay careful attention when these factors exist or occur.
Effects of an Isotonic and a combination Isometric-Isotonic exercise programme upon push-up performance
Authors: J. W. Barker
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1972)

The effects of a repetition push-up exercise programme and a repetition combination isometric-isotonic push-up exercise programme upon muscular endurance as measured by maximum repetition of push-ups were studied. Thirty-four male subjects enrolled in a wrestling activity class were equated into three groups on the basis of maximum repetition push-up performance. Group 1 (N = 12) performed maximum repetition push-ups; Group 2 (N = 11) did maximum repetition combination isometric-isotonic push-ups; and Group 3 (N = 11) served as the control group. Subjects in Groups 1 and 2 performed their exercises, after which all subjects participated in wrestling activities. All subjects were retested six weeks later after the two experimental groups had been subjected to twelve exercise periods. Both experimental groups showed statistically significant improvements in maximum repetition push-up performance. There was not a statistically significant difference between the mean increases of the two experimental groups. Within the limits of this study the results indicated that muscular endurance may be improved at nearly the same rate by both repetition push-up exercises (isotonic) and repetition combination isometric-isotonic push-up exercises.
Release of the rat T cell alloantigen RT-6.2 from cell membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C.
Authors: F Koch, H G Thiele, M G Low
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

The mechanism by which the rat T cell alloantigen, RT-6.2, is attached to the membrane was investigated. Treatment of rat lymph node and T-hybridoma cells with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) caused a substantial reduction in the amount of RT-6.2 on the cell surface. No significant release of a rat T helper marker (visualized by the mAb W3/25) was observed in response to PI-PLC treatment. This is in sharp contrast to the effects of trypsin, which removes most of the T helper marker but had little effect on RT-6.2. SDS-PAGE analysis of the RT-6.2 released by PI-PLC indicated that the Mr was not significantly changed by this treatment. Phase separation of the released RT-6.2 in Triton X-114 showed that the PI-PLC had converted it from an amphiphilic membrane form to a water-soluble form, apparently by removing its hydrophobic membrane anchoring domain. These results strongly suggest that RT-6.2, in common with Thy-1 and several other cell surface proteins, is anchored in the membrane by the 1,2-diacylglycerol moiety of a covalently attached phosphatidylinositol molecule.
Molecular basis of hereditary C1q deficiency associated with SLE and IgA nephropathy in a Turkish family
Authors: R Topaloglu, A Bakkaloglu, J H Slingsby, M J Mihatsch, M Pascual, P Norsworthy, B J Morley, U Saatci, J A Schifferli, M J Walport
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Meta-analysis of intervention trials on case-management of pneumonia in community settings
Authors: S. Sazawal, R.E. Black
Journal: The Lancet (1992)

To appraise the effectiveness of the pneumonia case-management strategy in improving child survival, we have done a meta-analysis of six published intervention trials. The results of a seventh published study and two unpublished studies were also reviewed.The six published studies satisfied our criteria for methodological soundness. The reduction in mortality rate (control group minus intervention group) was estimated for each study, and for all the studies together. For total infant mortality, the overall reduction was 15·9 (95% confidence interval 10·6-21·1) deaths per 1000 livebirths; infant mortality due to acute lower respiratory infection was reduced by 10·7 (4·8-16·7) deaths/1000 livebirths. Mortality among children under 5 years was decreased by 36 deaths/1000 livebirths. The pooled estimates of relative risk are consistent with a 20% reduction in infant mortality and a 25% reduction in under-5 mortality. There was no clear association across the studies between the effect of the pneumonia case-management and extent of co-interventions such as immunisation and oral rehydration therapy.The consistency of findings of all the studies, despite differences in design and methods, shows that the case-management strategy has a substantial effect on infant and under-5 mortality, at least in settings with infant mortality rates of 90/1000 livebirths or more. It is important to find out the most efficient ways of implementing this strategy and integrating it into primary health care.
An Objective Analysis of the Pressure-Volume Curve in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: R. SCOTT HARRIS, DEAN R. HESS, JOSÉ G. VENEGAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

To assess the interobserver and intraobserver variability in the clinical evaluation of the quasi-static pressure-volume (P-V) curve, we analyzed 24 sets of inflation and deflation P-V curves obtained from patients with ARDS. We used a recently described sigmoidal equation to curve-fit the P-V data sets and objectively define the point of maximum compliance increase of the inflation limb (Pmci,i) and the true inflection point of the deflation limb (Pinf,d). These points were compared with graphic determinations of lower Pflex by seven clinicians. The graphic and curve-fitting methods were also compared for their ability to reproduce the same parameter value in data sets with reduced number of data points. The sigmoidal equation fit the P-V data with great accuracy (R2 = 0.9992). The average of Pflex determinations was found to be correlated with Pmci,i (R = 0.89) and Pinf,d (R = 0.76). Individual determinations of Pflex were less correlated with the corresponding objective parameters (R = 0.67 and 0.62, respectively). Pflex + 2 cm H2O was a more accurate estimator of Pinf,d (2 SD = ± 6.05 cm H2O) than Pflex was of Pmci,i (2 SD = ± 8.02 cm H2O). There was significant interobserver variability in Pflex, with a maximum difference of 11 cm H2O for the same patient (SD = 1.9 cm H2O). Clinicians had difficulty reproducing Pflex in smaller data sets with differences as great as 17 cm H2O (SD = 2.8 cm H2O). In contrast, the curve-fitting method reproduced Pmci,i with great accuracy in reduced data sets (maximum difference of 1.5 cm H2O and SD = 0.3 cm H2O). We conclude that Pflex rarely coincided with the point of maximum compliance increase defined by a sigmoid curve-fit with large differences in Pflex seen both among and within observers. Calculating objective parameters such as Pmci,i or Pinf,d from curve-fitted P-V data can minimize this large variability. Harris RS, Hess DR, Venegas JG. An objective analysis of the pressure-volume curve in the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Visualisation of structural damage as a surrogate marker of radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Alexander Pfeil, Peter Oelzner, Diane M Renz, Gabriele Lehmann, Gunter Wolf, Joachim Boettcher
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

The article published by Landewe et al 1 offers novel insights to assess the benefits of new therapeutic strategies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which focus more on (the visualisation of) structural integrity rather than the inhibition of radiographic progression.1 The authors clearly outline the three major problems of the common superiority study designs: (1) differences in progression are too small, (2) effective disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs used in the control group result in levels of radiographic progression, which are too low and (3) the length of placebo treatment is limited to 3 months preventing an exploration of radiological …
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Risk Factors for Sagging Eyelids
Authors: Leonie C. Jacobs, Fan Liu, Isabel Bleyen, David A. Gunn, Albert Hofman, Caroline C. W. Klaver, André G. Uitterlinden, H. A. Martino Neumann, Veronique Bataille, Timothy D. Spector, Manfred Kayser, Tamar Nijsten
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Sagging eyelids, or dermatochalasis, are a frequent concern in older adults. It is considered a feature of skin aging, but risk factors other than aging are largely unknown.To study nongenetic and genetic risk factors for sagging eyelids.Upper eyelid sagging was graded in 4 categories of severity using digital photographs. Dermatochalasis was defined as the eyelid hanging over the eyelashes. Age, sex, skin color, tanning ability, hormonal status in women, current smoking, body mass index, and sun protection behavior were analyzed in a multivariable multinomial logistic regression model. Genetic predisposition was assessed using heritability analysis and a genome-wide association study.The study was performed in 2 independent population-based cohorts. The Rotterdam Study included older adults from one district in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and the UK Adult Twin Registry (TwinsUK) included twins from all over the United Kingdom. Participants were 5578 unrelated Dutch Europeans (mean age, 67.1 years; 44.0% male) from the Rotterdam Study and 2186 twins (mean age, 53.1 years; 10.4% male) from the TwinsUK.Sagging eyelid severity levels, ranging from 1 (normal control) to 4 (severe sagging).Among 5578 individuals from the Rotterdam Study, 17.8% showed dermatochalasis (moderate and severe sagging eyelids). Significant and independent risk factors for sagging eyelids included age, male sex, lighter skin color, and higher body mass index. In addition, current smoking was borderline significantly associated. Heritability of sagging eyelids was estimated to be 61% among 1052 twin pairs from the TwinsUK (15.6% showed dermatochalasis). A meta-analysis of genome-wide association study results from 5578 Rotterdam Study and 1053 TwinsUK participants showed a genome-wide significant recessive protective effect of the C allele of rs11876749 (P = 1.7 × 10(-8)). This variant is located close to TGIF1 (an inducer of transforming growth factor β), which is a known gene associated with skin aging.This is the first observational study to date demonstrating that other risk factors (male sex, genetic variants, lighter skin color, high body mass index, and possibly current smoking) in addition to aging are involved in the origin of sagging eyelids.
The Centrosomal Kinase Nek2 Displays Elevated Levels of Protein Expression in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Daniel G. Hayward, Robert B. Clarke, Alison J. Faragher, Meenu R. Pillai, Iain M. Hagan, Andrew M. Fry
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Aneuploidy and chromosome instability are common abnormalities in human cancer. Loss of control over mitotic progression, multipolar spindle formation, and cytokinesis defects are all likely to contribute to these phenotypes. Nek2 is a cell cycle-regulated protein kinase with maximal activity at the onset of mitosis that localizes to the centrosome. Functional studies have implicated Nek2 in regulation of centrosome separation and spindle formation. Here, we present the first study of the protein expression levels of the Nek2 kinase in human cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Nek2 protein is elevated 2- to 5-fold in cell lines derived from a range of human tumors including those of cervical, ovarian, breast, prostate, and leukemic origin. Most importantly, by immunohistochemistry, we find that Nek2 protein is significantly up-regulated in preinvasive in situ ductal carcinomas of the breast as well as in invasive breast carcinomas. Finally, by ectopic expression of Nek2A in immortalized HBL100 breast epithelial cells, we show that increased Nek2 protein leads to accumulation of multinucleated cells with supernumerary centrosomes. These data highlight the Nek2 kinase as novel potential target for chemotherapeutic intervention in breast cancer.
Cut Points of Waist Circumference
Authors: Eiji Oda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Sone and colleagues (1,2) adopted Japanese criteria of abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥85 cm in men and ≥90 cm in women) for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. These Japanese criteria of abdominal obesity were proposed by the Examination Committee of Criteria for Obesity Disease in Japan set up by the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (3). They proposed waist circumferences of 85 cm in …
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Atrial Clots in a Swine Model
Authors: Elmar Spuentrup, Bernd Fausten, Sylvia Kinzel, Andrea J. Wiethoff, Rene M. Botnar, Philip B. Graham, Stephan Haller, Marcus Katoh, Edward C. Parsons, Warren J. Manning, Thomas Busch, Rolf W. Günther, Arno Buecker
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The detection and differentiation of intracardiac masses is still challenging and may include neoplasms and thrombi. The aim of this study was the investigation of a targeted, fibrin-specific contrast agent (EP-2104R) for molecular targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of left atrial clots.Chronic human thrombi were surgically implanted in the left atrial appendage of 5 swine. Molecular MRI was performed with a navigator-gated, free-breathing, cardiac-triggered 3D inversion-recovery, black-blood, gradient-echo sequence before and after systemic administration of 4 micromol/kg EP-2104R. MR images were analyzed by 2 investigators, and the contrast-to-noise ratio was calculated. Location of clots was confirmed by autopsy, and the gadolinium concentration in the clots was assessed. Before contrast agent administration, thrombi were not visible on black-blood MR images. After contrast administration, all atrial clots (n=5) were selectively visualized as white spots with a high contrast-to-noise ratio (clot/blood, 29.7+/-8.0). The gadolinium concentration in the clots averaged 74+/-45 micromol/L.The fibrin-specific MR contrast agent EP-2104R allows for selective and high-contrast visualization of left atrial clots by means of molecular targeted MRI.
Prozone effect of serum IgE levels in a case of plasma cell leukemia
Authors: Giampaolo Talamo, William Castellani, Nathan G Dolloff
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2010)

We describe a case of multiple myeloma (MM) and secondary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) secreting IgE-kappa immunoglobulin. To our knowledge, only 2 cases of IgE-producing secondary PCL have been reported in the medical literature. In our patient, the only tumor marker available for monitoring the therapeutic response to chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation was the quantitative M component at serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), because serum free light chains were in the normal range, Bence-Jones proteinuria was absent, and quantitative serum IgE levels provided inaccurate and erratic results, due to the prozone effect. This is a laboratory phenomenon that occurs when antigen excess interferes with antibody-based methods requiring immune complex formation for detection. It is important to recognize the presence of a prozone effect, because it can produce falsely normal results, and therefore it could lead clinicians to incorrect assessment of the response to therapy.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - Manifestation of onset in an immunocompetent patient with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
Authors: Emilia Tabacu, Roxana Nemes, Ligia Puiu, Mihaela Mitrea, Niculae Galie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

INTRODUCTION: The association TB – ARDS is very rare, data from the literature saying that 4,9% of ARDS were admitted in ICU (intensive care unit) wards had TB, and the forms of TB were the most common cases of miliary to people with HIV, mortality is very high.  PURPOSE: the description of active pleuropulmonary TB started with ARDS.  METHOD: The authors present a clinical case of pleuropulmonary TB and ARDS.  RESULTS: Young patient, 38 years, smoker (25 pack-year), is hospitalized in emergency with fever 39.8 °C, polipnea, dyspnoea on minimal effort (SaO2 = 77%) not corrected after administration of O2, hypotension (blood pressure = 80/60 mmHg), tachycardia (heart rate = 120/min), left thoracic stabbing. Admission chest Xray: opacities highlight-ulcerated nodular infiltrative nature and opacity right upper lobe and posterobazal fluid secluded on left. At 6 hours after admission, the general condition worsens (SaO2 = 40%, PaO2 = 35mmHg), and chest Xray and CT scan shows bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (white lung). Sputum exam for tuberculosis is negative in microscopy and culture is positive. Pleural biopsies reveal the presence of tuberculosis follicles. Test for HIV was negative.The patient was intubated and mechanically ventilated for 3 days, then improved clinical course and radiological image become the same as admission. After biopsy confirmation of TB patient received tuberculostatic treatment with favorable clinical and radiological evolution.  Conclusions: to improve the prognosis of ARDS of unknown cause we should think of tuberculosis etiology, especially in people with impaired immunity.
Fundamental Differences in Cell Cycle Deregulation in Human Papillomavirus–Positive and Human Papillomavirus–Negative Head/Neck and Cervical Cancers
Authors: Dohun Pyeon, Michael A. Newton, Paul F. Lambert, Johan A. den Boon, Srikumar Sengupta, Carmen J. Marsit, Craig D. Woodworth, Joseph P. Connor, Thomas H. Haugen, Elaine M. Smith, Karl T. Kelsey, Lubomir P. Turek, Paul Ahlquist
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with nearly all cervical cancers, 20% to 30% of head and neck cancers (HNC), and other cancers. Because HNCs also arise in HPV-negative patients, this type of cancer provides unique opportunities to define similarities and differences of HPV-positive versus HPV-negative cancers arising in the same tissue. Here, we describe genome-wide expression profiling of 84 HNCs, cervical cancers, and site-matched normal epithelial samples in which we used laser capture microdissection to enrich samples for tumor-derived versus normal epithelial cells. This analysis revealed that HPV+ HNCs and cervical cancers differed in their patterns of gene expression yet shared many changes compared with HPV− HNCs. Some of these shared changes were predicted, but many others were not. Notably, HPV+ HNCs and cervical cancers were found to be up-regulated in their expression of a distinct and larger subset of cell cycle genes than that observed in HPV− HNC. Moreover, HPV+ cancers overexpressed testis-specific genes that are normally expressed only in meiotic cells. Many, although not all, of the hallmark differences between HPV+ HNC and HPV− HNC were a direct consequence of HPV and in particular the viral E6 and E7 oncogenes. This included a novel association of HPV oncogenes with testis-specific gene expression. These findings in primary human tumors provide novel biomarkers for early detection of HPV+ and HPV− cancers, and emphasize the potential value of targeting E6 and E7 function, alone or combined with radiation and/or traditional chemotherapy, in the treatment of HPV+ cancers. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4605–19]
Oncogene expression in autoimmune and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Authors: D M Klinman, J F Mushinski, M Honda, Y Ishigatsubo, J D Mountz, E S Raveche, A D Steinberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

PBMC from patients with autoimmune diseases and from normal controls were studied for the expression of several cellular oncogenes. Gene expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA obtained from leukapheresis samples. Patients with SLE expressed significantly more c-myc protooncogene RNA than did normal controls. Increased expression of the N-ras protooncogene was found in that subset of patients whose autoimmune disease was very active. Cells from individuals with SLE, but not from those with other autoimmune illnesses, showed significantly decreased levels of the c-myb and c-fos protooncogenes. To examine the implications of these findings, B and T cells were purified from apheresis samples donated by normal volunteers. When mitogen was used to activate the B cells in vitro, their pattern of protooncogene expression changed to resemble that found in freshly isolated cells from lupus patients. These results suggest that the differences detected in the expression of protooncogenes by patients with SLE may be due to the abnormal activation of their B cells in vivo. The pattern of protooncogene expression found in patients with other autoimmune illnesses is consistent with the activation of additional cell types in those diseases.
ABPC 48 cross-reactive idiotopes in BALB/c mice. Natural and levan-induced expression.
Authors: P Legrain, G Buttin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Using monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies, we developed a sensitive binding assay that detects molecules with one or with two idiotopes of the ABPC48 idiotype. ABPC48 cross-reactive idiotypes were thus shown to be present in substantial amounts in sera of nonimmunized mice. Levan binding sites are found on these idiotypes. During the life time of the mice, the natural anti-levan titer increases while ABPC48 idiotypic expression remains constant, suggesting different controls for these two activities. On the other hand, ABPC48 cross-reactive idiotypes participate--as minor components--in the response that follows a deliberate immunization with bacterial levan. This induction process is likely to reflect the selection of idiotopes expressed by the B cell clones preactivated in sera of nonimmunized mice rather than the activation of silent clones. We suggest that a similar situation might explain the reported emergence of ABPC48 idiotypes in animals primed with antiidiotypic antibodies and subsequently stimulated with levan.