tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Natural killer (HNK-1+) cells in Chediak-Higashi patients are present in normal numbers but are abnormal in function and morphology.
Authors: T Abo, J C Roder, W Abo, M D Cooper, C M Balch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Children with the Chediak-Higashi (CH) syndrome are known to have abnormalities of natural killer (NK) cell function. We used the HNK-1 monoclonal antibody that reacts specifically with human NK and K cells to distinguish whether this abnormality was due either to a numerical deficiency of NK cells or a defect in their ability to function. In eight CH patients, a significant proportion of their blood mononuclear cells (10--19%) expressed the HNK-1 differentiation antigen. The level of NK cells in the five children with CH syndrome was higher than for age-matched normal controls (15.8% vs. 5.8%, P less than 0.001). When HNK-1+ cells were isolated with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, the NK cells from CH patients were a homogeneous population of lymphocytes with a single large granule rather than the multiple small granules seen in Nk cells from normal individuals. The purified HNK-1+ cells from the CH patients had minimal NK or K cell function. The CH syndrome thus includes a functionally defective population of NK cells that retain the capability of expressing the HNK-1 differentiation antigen.
Retrospective genomic analysis of sorghum adaptation to temperate-zone grain production
Authors: Carrie S Thurber, Justin M Ma, Race H Higgins, Patrick J Brown
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Abstract Background Sorghum is a tropical C 4 cereal that recently adapted to temperate latitudes and mechanized grain harvest through selection for dwarfism and photoperiod-insensitivity. Quantitative trait loci for these traits have been introgressed from a dwarf temperate donor into hundreds of diverse sorghum landraces to yield the Sorghum Conversion lines. Here, we report the first comprehensive genomic analysis of the molecular changes underlying this adaptation. Results We apply genotyping-by-sequencing to 1,160 Sorghum Conversion lines and their exotic progenitors, and map donor introgressions in each Sorghum Conversion line. Many Sorghum Conversion lines carry unexpected haplotypes not found in either presumed parent. Genome-wide mapping of introgression frequencies reveals three genomic regions necessary for temperate adaptation across all Sorghum Conversion lines, containing the Dw1, Dw2 , and Dw3 loci on chromosomes 9, 6, and 7 respectively. Association mapping of plant height and flowering time in Sorghum Conversion lines detects significant associations in the Dw1 but not the Dw2 or Dw3 regions. Subpopulation-specific introgression mapping suggests that chromosome 6 contains at least four loci required for temperate adaptation in different sorghum genetic backgrounds. The Dw1 region fractionates into separate quantitative trait loci for plant height and flowering time. Conclusions Generating Sorghum Conversion lines has been accompanied by substantial unintended gene flow. Sorghum adaptation to temperate-zone grain production involves a small number of genomic regions, each containing multiple linked loci for plant height and flowering time. Further characterization of these loci will accelerate the adaptation of sorghum and related grasses to new production systems for food and fuel.
Overexpression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Patients With Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ren-Ke Li, Guangming Li, Donald A. G. Mickle, Richard D. Weisel, Frank Merante, Hartmut Luss, Vivek Rao, George T. Christakis, William G. Williams
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by regional myocardial hypertrophy. To investigate involvement of growth factors on myocardial hypertrophy in HCM patients, we evaluated gene expression and cellular localization of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II), and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) in ventricular biopsies obtained from patients with HCM (n=8), aortic stenosis (AS) (n=8), or stable angina (SA) (n=8) and from explanted hearts with ischemic cardiomyopathy (TM) (n=7). Methods and Results Levels of TGF-β1, IGF-I, IGF-II, and PDGF-B transcripts were quantified with the use of multiplex RT-PCR. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as an internal standard. Antibodies against TGF-β and IGF-I were used to localize their peptides within the myocardium. Antisense and sense (control) cRNA probes of TGF-β1 and IGF-I, labeled with digoxigenin, were used to localize the growth factor transcripts by in situ hybridization. mRNA levels (densitometric ratio of growth factor/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) of TGF-β1 and IGF-I in HCM (0.75±0.05 and 0.85±0.15, respectively; mean±1 SEM) were significantly ( P &lt;.01 for all groups) elevated in comparison with non-HCM myocardium (AS: 0.38±0.07, 0.29±0.06; SA: 0.32±0.04, 0.18±0.05; TM: 0.25±0.03, 0.15±0.03). mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and IGF-I in the hypertrophic AS myocardium were greater ( P =.02, P =.05) than those in the explanted myocardium (TM). Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies showed increased expression of TGF-β1 and IGF-I in the HCM cardiomyocytes. Conclusions Gene expression of TGF-β1 and IGF-I was enhanced in idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and may be associated with its development.
Acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL): A case report and a proposed system of classification
Authors: Ashok C. Shende, Vincent R. Bonagura, Marc S. C. Cheah, Philip Lanzkowsky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract This report describes a case of HLADR+, CD34‐ acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) diagnosed in an 18‐year‐old male. A definition of AUL and a system for its classification are proposed on the basis of the current state of knowledge about phenotypic features of AUL cells and their clonal counterparts that exist during early stages of normal hematopoiesis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A randomized trial of low osmolar ionic versus nonionic contrast media in patients with myocardial infarction or unstable angina undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Cindy L. Grines, Theodore L. Schreiber, Vicky Savas, Denise E. Jones, Frank J. Zidar, Vellappillil Gangadharan, Marc Brodsky, Robert Levin, Robert Safian, Sylvia Puchrowicz-Ochocki, Mark D. Castellani, William W. O'Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Improvement of oxygen delivery in severe hypoxaemia by a reservoir cannula
Authors: P Collard, F Wautelet, JP Delwiche, J Prignot, P Dubois
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

In 36 severely hypoxaemic patients (arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) less than 7.3 kPa or 55 mmHg), candidates for long-term oxygen therapy, we compared the effectiveness of three oxygen-delivery systems, the standard nasal prongs, a so-called oxygen-conserving reservoir device ("Oxymizer Pendant") and the reference pharyngeal catheter, at a preset flow rate of 2 l.min-1. After 30 min, the conserving device (OX) was at least as efficient as the pharyngeal catheter (PC) and did significantly better than the nasal prongs (NP), the mean increments in PaO2 and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) being, respectively, 1.1 kPa (8.1 mmHg) and 1.3% higher with OX than with NP. Twenty patients did not reach the target level of 8.6 kPa (65 mmHg) PaO2 with the nasal prongs, but the reservoir cannula allowed nine of these "refractory" patients to hit this therapeutic goal, a result indicating a clear trend towards improved immediate oxygen response. Although initially designed to spare gas, we suggest that a reservoir cannula could serve another purpose, namely to optimize oxygenation in patients treated by an oxygen concentrator. Indeed, since the oxygen flow rate cannot be reliably increased over 3 l.min-1 with the available oxygen concentrators, the reservoir device could be more effective in some selected patients whose hypoxaemia cannot be adequately corrected by standard nasal prongs.
Craniofacial modifications in children with habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea: a case-control study
Authors: M Zucconi, A Caprioglio, G Calori, L Ferini-Strambi, A Oldani, C Castronovo, S Smirne
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea in children, which are frequently associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, may begin early in life and in relation with orocraniofacial features. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of early bone craniofacial modifications in young children with a long history of habitual snoring. Twenty-six habitually snoring children (mean age 4.6 yrs) were studied by nocturnal portable recording or diurnal polysomnography, cephalometry and orthodontic evaluation. A comparison of cephalometric findings was made between the studied group and 26 age-matched children (mean age 5.1 yrs) with no history of snoring or respiratory problems during sleep. The cephalometric analyses showed a significant increase in craniomandibular intermaxillar, lower and upper goniac angles with a retroposition and posterior rotation of the mandible (high angle face) and a reduction in the rhinopharynx space caused by higher thickness of adenoids in habitually snoring children compared with controls. Cross-bites and labial incompetence as well as daytime symptoms and familiarity for habitual snoring were found in most of the studied group of snorers compared with controls. The results indicate that upper airway obstruction during sleep is associated with mild but significant cephalometric and craniofacial modifications in children complaining of habitual snoring. Whether this skeletal conformation is genetically determined or influenced by the early onset of habitual snoring remains to be assessed.
Childhood cancer in relation to distance from high voltage power lines in England and Wales: a case-control study
Authors: Gerald Draper, Tim Vincent, Mary E Kroll, John Swanson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine whether there is an association between distance of home address at birth from high voltage power lines and the incidence of leukaemia and other cancers in children in England and Wales. <b>Design</b> Case-control study. <b>Setting</b> Cancer registry and National Grid records. <b>Subjects</b> Records of 29 081 children with cancer, including 9700 with leukaemia. Children were aged 0-14 years and born in England and Wales, 1962-95. Controls were individually matched for sex, approximate date of birth, and birth registration district. No active participation was required. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Distance from home address at birth to the nearest high voltage overhead power line in existence at the time. <b>Results</b> Compared with those who lived &gt; 600 m from a line at birth, children who lived within 200 m had a relative risk of leukaemia of 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.53); those born between 200 and 600 m had a relative risk of 1.23 (1.02 to 1.49). There was a significant (P &lt; 0.01) trend in risk in relation to the reciprocal of distance from the line. No excess risk in relation to proximity to lines was found for other childhood cancers. <b>Conclusions</b> There is an association between childhood leukaemia and proximity of home address at birth to high voltage power lines, and the apparent risk extends to a greater distance than would have been expected from previous studies. About 4% of children in England and Wales live within 600 m of high voltage lines at birth. If the association is causal, about 1% of childhood leukaemia in England and Wales would be attributable to these lines, though this estimate has considerable statistical uncertainty. There is no accepted biological mechanism to explain the epidemiological results; indeed, the relation may be due to chance or confounding.
Complete Spontaneous Regression of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Yair Herishanu, Irit Solar, Jonathan Ben-Ezra, Michal Cipok, Shmulk Meirsdorf, Ninette Amariglio, Sarit Hoffman, Sigi Kay, Ziva Aharon, Chava Perry, Aaron Polliack, Elizabeth Naparstek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)
T cell-NF-κB activation is required for tumor control in vivo
Authors: Sarah E Barnes, Ying Wang, Luqiu Chen, Luciana L Molinero, Thomas F Gajewski, Cesar Evaristo, Maria-Luisa Alegre
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

T cells have the capacity to eliminate tumors but the signaling pathways by which they do so are incompletely understood. T cell priming requires activation of the transcription factors AP-1, NFAT and NF-κB downstream of the TCR, but whether activation of T cell-NF-κB in vivo is required for tumor control has not been addressed. In humans and mice with progressively growing tumors, the activity of T cell-intrinsic NF-κB is often reduced. However, it is not clear if this is causal for an inability to reject transformed cells, or if it is a consequence of tumor growth. T cell-NF-κB is important for T cell survival and effector differentiation and plays an important role in enabling T cells to reject cardiac and islet allografts, suggesting the possibility that it may also be required for tumor elimination. In this study, we tested whether normal T cell-NF-κB activation is necessary for the rejection of tumors whose growth is normally controlled by the immune system.
Induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel, cisplatin and5-fluorouracil for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: long-term results of a phase II trial
Authors: R. Hitt, L. Paz-Ares, A. Brandáriz, D. Castellano, C. Peña, J.M. Millán, F. Calvo, D. Ortiz de Urbina, E. López, J.J. Álvarez-Vicent, H. Cortés-Funes
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of paclitaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (PPF) as induction chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).MethodsSeventy patients with previously untreated stage III–IV SCCHN were included in this phase II trial. Induction treatment consisted of a maximum of three outpatient courses of paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 as a 3-h infusion on day 1, cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 2, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 500–750 mg/m2/day as a 24-h continuous infusion on days 2–6, repeated every 3 weeks. The 5-FU dose was reduced from 750 mg/m2/day to 500 mg/m2/day due to the excessive toxicity observed in the first 14 patients enrolled. Local treatment consisted of radiotherapy and/or surgery.ResultsTwo-hundred-and-one cycles were administered to 70 patients. The main toxicities of PPF were neutropenia (grade 4, 14%; febrile neutropenia, 4%), peripheral neuropathy (grade 2–3, 14%) and catheter-associated venous thrombosis (7%). There were three early deaths (two from neutropenic sepsis and one from pulmonary embolism), and 13 patients required hospitalization due to toxicity. Other side effects included mucositis, anorexia, diarrhea, myalgias and alopecia. The overall response rate to PPF was 88%, including 59% complete responses (CR) and 29% partial responses. The CR rates at the primary tumor and neck lymph nodes were 74% and 62%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 51 months (range 40–63 months), the estimated 5-year time-to-disease progression and overall survival rates were 56% and 44%, respectively.ConclusionsThe PPF regimen has major antitumor activity and is associated with manageable toxicity as induction treatment in SCCHN patients. The high complete response rate and favorable long-term outcome justify further evaluation of this chemotherapy combination.
Complex Story of the Genetic Origins of Pediatric Heart Disease
Authors: D. Woodrow Benson, Lisa J. Martin
Journal: Circulation (2010)

P ediatric heart disease, aka cardiovascular disease in the young, comprises varied phenotypes, including cardiovascular malformations, cardiomyopathies, vasculopathies (eg, Marfan syndrome), and cardiac arrhythmias.Cardiovascular malformations are a major component of pediatric heart disease and constitute a substantial portion of clinically significant birth defects, with a definition-dependent estimated incidence of 4 to 50 per 1000 live births. 1,2espite advances in diagnosis and therapy, the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular malformations and other forms of pediatric heart disease make them important clinical problems.Thus, there has been considerable interest in understanding their cause.
<i>Garden of the Generalife in Granada</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modifications of aminoglycoside antibiotics targeting RNA
Authors: Jian Zhou, Guannan Wang, Li‐He Zhang, Xin‐Shan Ye
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2006)

Abstract The increased awareness of the central role of RNA has led to realization that RNA, as structural and functional information accumulation, is also drug target to small molecular therapy. Aminoglycosides are a group of well‐known antibiotics, which function through binding to specific sites in prokaryotic ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and affecting the fidelity of protein synthesis. Unfortunately, their clinical practice has been curtailed by toxicity and rapid increasing number of resistant strains. Therefore, it is highly desirable to design new modified aminoglycosides that will overcome the undesirable properties of natural occurring aminoglycosides. On the other hand, aminoglycosides as potential antiviral (HIV) agents were also reported. Herein, we survey the current efforts to develop new aminoglycoside derivatives with modification and reconstruction on each sugar ring and review the latest advances in structure‐activity relationships (SAR). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 3, 279–316, 2007
A germinal center–independent pathway generates unswitched memory B cells early in the primary response
Authors: Justin J. Taylor, Kathryn A. Pape, Marc K. Jenkins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Memory B cells can be produced from the classical germinal center (GC) pathway or a less understood GC-independent route. We used antigen-based cell enrichment to assess the relative contributions of these pathways to the polyclonal memory B cell pool. We identified a CD38+ GL7+ B cell precursor population that differentiated directly into IgM+ or isotype-switched (sw) Ig+ memory B cells in a GC-independent fashion in response to strong CD40 stimulation. Alternatively, CD38+ GL7+ B cell precursors had the potential to become Bcl-6+ GC cells that then generated primarily swIg+ memory B cells. These results demonstrate that early IgM+ and swIg+ memory B cells are products of a GC-independent pathway, whereas later switched Ig+ memory B cells are products of GC cells.
Notch ligation by Delta1 inhibits peripheral immune responses to transplantation antigens by a CD8+ cell–dependent mechanism
Authors: Kenneth K. Wong, Matthew J. Carpenter, Lesley L. Young, Susan J. Walker, Grahame McKenzie, Alyson J. Rust, George Ward, Laura Packwood, Karen Wahl, Luc Delriviere, Gerard Hoyne, Paul Gibbs, Brian R. Champion, Jonathan R. Lamb, Margaret J. Dallman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Notch signaling plays a fundamental role in determining the outcome of differentiation processes in many tissues. Notch signaling has been implicated in T versus B cell lineage commitment, thymic differentiation, and bone marrow hematopoietic precursor renewal and differentiation. Notch receptors and their ligands are also expressed on the surface of mature lymphocytes and APCs, but the effects of Notch signaling in the peripheral immune system remain poorly defined. The aim of the studies reported here was to investigate the effects of signaling through the Notch receptor using a ligand of the Delta-like family. We show that Notch ligation in the mature immune system markedly decreases responses to transplantation antigens. Constitutive expression of Delta-like 1 on alloantigen-bearing cells renders them nonimmunogenic and able to induce specific unresponsiveness to a challenge with the same alloantigen, even in the form of a cardiac allograft. These effects could be reversed by depletion of CD8+ cells at the time of transplantation. Ligation of Notch on splenic CD8+ cells results in a dramatic decrease in IFN-γ with a concomitant enhancement of IL-10 production, suggesting that Notch signaling can alter the differentiation potential of CD8+ cells. These data implicate Notch signaling in regulation of peripheral immunity and suggest a novel approach for manipulating deleterious immune responses.
Baboon-to-human liver transplantation
Authors: T.E Starzl, J Fung, A Tzakis, S Todo, A.J Demetris, I.R Marino, H Doyle, A Zeevi, V Warty, S Kusne, A.J Demetris, A Zeevi, V Warty, W.A Rudert, M Trucco, M Michaels, S Kusne, W.A Rudert, M Trucco
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
Syncope Without Prodromes in Patients With Normal Heart and Normal Electrocardiogram
Authors: Jean-Claude Deharo, Regis Guieu, Alexis Mechulan, Eric Peyrouse, Nathalie Kipson, Jean Ruf, Victoria Gerolami, Gianluigi Devoto, Vanna Marrè, Michele Brignole
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)