tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left-liver hypertrophy after therapeutic right-liver radioembolization is substantial but less than after portal vein embolization
Authors: Benjamin Garlipp, Thierry de Baere, Robert Damm, Romy Irmscher, Mark van Buskirk, Patrick Stübs, Frederic Deschamps, Frank Meyer, Ricarda Seidensticker, Konrad Mohnike, Maciej Pech, Holger Amthauer, Hans Lippert, Jens Ricke, Max Seidensticker
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

In patients with liver malignancies potentially amenable to curative extended right hepatectomy but insufficient size of the future liver remnant (FLR), portal vein embolization (PVE) of the tumor-bearing liver is used to induce contralateral liver hypertrophy but leaves the tumor untreated. Radioembolization (RE) treats the tumor in the embolized lobe along with contralateral hypertrophy induction. We performed a matched-pair analysis to compare the capacity for hypertrophy induction of these two modalities. Patients with right-hepatic secondary liver malignancies with no or negligible left-hepatic tumor involvement who were treated by right-lobar PVE (n = 141) or RE (n = 35) at two centers were matched for criteria known to influence liver regeneration following PVE: 1) baseline FLR/Total liver volume ratio (<25 versus ≥ 25%); 2) prior platinum-containing systemic chemotherapy; 3) embolization of segments 5-8 versus 4-8; and 4) baseline platelet count (<200 versus ≥ 200 Gpt/L).The primary endpoint was relative change in FLR volume from baseline to follow-up. Twenty-six matched pairs were identified. FLR volume increase from baseline to follow-up (median 33 [24-56] days after PVE or 46 [27-79] days after RE) was significant in both groups but PVE produced significantly more FLR hypertrophy than RE (61.5 versus 29%, P < 0.001). Time between treatment and follow-up was not correlated with the degree of contralateral hypertrophy achieved in both groups. Although group differences in patient history and treatment setting were present and some bias cannot be excluded, this was minimized by the matched-pair design, as remaining group differences after matching were found to have no significant influence on contralateral hypertrophy development. PVE induces significantly more contralateral hypertrophy than RE with therapeutic (nonlobectomy) doses. However, contralateral hypertrophy induced by RE is substantial and RE minimizes the risk of tumor progression in the treated lobe, possibly making it a suitable modality for selected patients.
Vascular involvement in patients with giant cell arteritis determined by duplex sonography of 2x11 arterial regions
Authors: M. Aschwanden, F. Kesten, M. Stern, C. Thalhammer, U. A. Walker, A. Tyndall, K. A. Jaeger, C. Hess, T. Daikeler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> To define the specificity and extent of duplex sonography (DS) findings suggestive of vessel wall inflammation in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients admitted between December 2006 and April 2009 to the University Hospital Basel with a suspicion of GCA were eligible for the study. DS of 2×11 arterial regions was performed in all study participants, and American College of Rheumatology criteria were applied to classify patients into GCA or non-GCA groups. <h3>Results</h3> GCA was diagnosed in 38 of the 72 participants (53%). A DS pattern suggestive of vessel wall inflammation was not observed in any of the patients in the non-GCA group but, in 21 of the 38 patients with GCA (55%), DS signs suggestive of vessel wall inflammation of ≥1 vessel region were detected. In 12 of the 38 patients with GCA (32%), DS signs of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) were found in ≥1 vessel region(s) of both upper and lower limb vessels. Follow-up DS was performed 6 months after the baseline examination in 9 of the 12 patients with LVV and showed the persistence of most findings despite normalised signs of systemic inflammation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> DS detects changes in the vessel wall that appear to be specific for GCA; they can be present in upper and lower limb arteries of patients with GCA. Surprisingly, DS-detectable LVV and signs of systemic inflammation are largely dissociated.
Expanding Southwest Pacific Mitochondrial Haplogroups P and Q
Authors: Jonathan Friedlaender, Theodore Schurr, Fred Gentz, George Koki, Françoise Friedlaender, Gisele Horvat, Paul Babb, Sal Cerchio, Frederika Kaestle, Moses Schanfield, Ranjan Deka, Ric Yanagihara, D. Andrew Merriwether
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Modern humans have occupied New Guinea and the nearby Bismarck and Solomon archipelagos of Island Melanesia for at least 40,000 years. Previous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies indicated that two common lineages in this region, haplogroups P and Q, were particularly diverse, with the coalescence for P considered significantly older than that for Q.
Exercise induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes: measuring the fall
Authors: K Holzer
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Marine reserves generally allow ecotourism to offer an alternative income to fishing. However, we need to assess its impact on wildlife to make this activity sustainable. The COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to evaluate wildlife diversity in the absence of human activity. In a Mexican reserve, we monitored fish assemblages before, during, and just after the lockdown. We show that ecotourism activities alter the behavior of fishes by finding a 2.5-fold density rise during the lockdown. We suggest that the noise pollution generated by the numerous recreational vessels is a significant factor of perturbation. In the absence of noise pollution, some fishes may be bolder (less hidden) and others can come back to the reserve from usually quieter areas (e.g., deeper waters). Our results represent a great worldwide incentive to improve the health of marine reserves by establishing concrete measures in managing plans to mitigate noise pollution. <h3>Open Research statement</h3> All data and code necessary to reproduce the results of the paper are enclosed in the submission for review purposes, and will be published on Zenodo following the acceptance of the paper.
Biomarkers on patient T cells diagnose active tuberculosis and monitor treatment response
Authors: Toidi Adekambi, Chris C. Ibegbu, Stephanie Cagle, Ameeta S. Kalokhe, Yun F. Wang, Yijuan Hu, Cheryl L. Day, Susan M. Ray, Jyothi Rengarajan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The identification and treatment of individuals with tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health priority. Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary active TB (ATB) disease remains challenging and relies on extensive medical evaluation and detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the patient's sputum. Further, the response to treatment is monitored by sputum culture conversion, which takes several weeks for results. Here, we sought to identify blood-based host biomarkers associated with ATB and hypothesized that immune activation markers on Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells would be associated with Mtb load in vivo and could thus provide a gauge of Mtb infection.Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we evaluated the expression of immune activation markers on Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells from individuals with asymptomatic latent Mtb infection (LTBI) and ATB as well as from ATB patients undergoing anti-TB treatment.Frequencies of Mtb-specific IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells that expressed immune activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR as well as intracellular proliferation marker Ki-67 were substantially higher in subjects with ATB compared with those with LTBI. These markers accurately classified ATB and LTBI status, with cutoff values of 18%, 60%, and 5% for CD38+IFN-γ+, HLA-DR+IFN-γ+, and Ki-67+IFN-γ+, respectively, with 100% specificity and greater than 96% sensitivity. These markers also distinguished individuals with untreated ATB from those who had successfully completed anti-TB treatment and correlated with decreasing mycobacterial loads during treatment.We have identified host blood-based biomarkers on Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells that discriminate between ATB and LTBI and provide a set of tools for monitoring treatment response and cure.Registration is not required for observational studies.This study was funded by Emory University, the NIH, and the Yerkes National Primate Center.
A few reasons why psychologlsts can adhere to Feldman and Levin's model
Authors: Mireille Bonnard, Jean Pailhous
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract We emphasize the relevance to cognitive psychology of Feldman and Levin's theoretical position. Traditional views of motor control have failed to clearly separate “production control” at the level of motor command, based on task-independent CV (control variables), from intentional “product control” based on task-dependent parameters. Because F&amp;L's approach concentrates on the first process (trajectory formation), it can distinguish the product control stage.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Region on Chromosome 15q25 and Lung Cancer Risk Among African Americans: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Christopher I. Amos, Ivan P. Gorlov, Qiong Dong, Xifeng Wu, Huifeng Zhang, Emily Y. Lu, Paul Scheet, Anthony J. Greisinger, Gordon B. Mills, Margaret R. Spitz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

Genome-wide association studies of white persons with lung cancer have identified a region of extensive linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 15q25.1 that appears to be associated with both risk for lung cancer and smoking dependence. Because studying African American persons, who exhibit lower levels of linkage disequilibrium in this region, may identify additional loci that are associated with lung cancer, we genotyped 34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this region (including LOC123688, PSMA4, CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4 genes) in 467 African American patients with lung cancer and 388 frequency-matched African American control subjects. Associations of SNPs in LOC123688 (rs10519203; odds ratio [OR] = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25 to 2.05, P = .00016), CHRNA5 (rs2036527; OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.26 to 2.21, P = .00031), and CHRNA3 (rs1051730; OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.26 to 2.59, P = .00137) genes with lung cancer risk reached Bonferroni-corrected levels of statistical significance (all statistical tests were two-sided). Joint logistic regression analysis showed that rs684513 (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.71, P = .0003) in CHRNA5 and rs8034191 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.52, P = .002) in LOC123688 were also associated with risk. The functional A variant of rs1696698 in CHRNA5 had the strongest association with lung cancer (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.25 to 3.11, P = .003). These SNPs were primarily associated with increased risk for lung adenocarcinoma histology and were only weakly associated with smoking phenotypes. Thus, among African American persons, multiple loci in the region of chromosome 15q25.1 appear to be strongly associated with lung cancer risk.
Biweekly 72-Hour 9-Aminocamptothecin Infusion As Second-Line Therapy for Ovarian Carcinoma: Phase II Study of the New York Gynecologic Oncology Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: Howard Hochster, Elizabeth R. Plimack, Carolyn D. Runowicz, James Speyer, Robert C. Wallach, Joan Sorich, John Mandeli, Scott Wadler, John Wright, Franco M. Muggia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose To determine the antitumor activity of the novel topoisomerase I inhibitor 9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC) given over 72 hours every 2 weeks in patients with ovarian carcinoma previously treated with one platinum-containing regimen. Patients and Methods Patients with ovarian carcinoma who received one prior platinum-containing regimen were eligible. Patients were stratified based on whether their disease was measurable, or nonmeasurable but assessable. 9-AC 35 μg/m 2 /h was administered by continuous infusion for 72 hours every 2 weeks via ambulatory pump. Results Sixty patients were entered, 32 with measurable and 28 with nonmeasurable but assessable disease. Ten (16.7%) of 60 patients responded (95% CI, 7.2% to 26.1%), with four complete responses and six partial remissions. The response rate for patients with measurable and nonmeasurable but assessable disease was 22% (95% CI, 7.6% to 36.2%) and 10.7% (95% CI, 2.3% to 28.2%), respectively. None of the responders were platinum-resistant. Nineteen patients (32%) had stable disease. The major toxicities were hematologic, with 25% of patients having grade 3 and 35% having grade 4 neutropenia, including five episodes of febrile neutropenia, 17% having grade 3 to 4 thrombocytopenia, and 27% having grade 3 to 4 anemia. Nonhematologic toxicity included grade 3 to 4 nausea (27%) and grade 3 to 4 vomiting (12%). Conclusion This phase II multicenter trial of biweekly 72 hour 9-AC infusion as second-line therapy for ovarian cancer demonstrates comparable activity to standard approved agents in patients with both measurable and nonmeasurable but assessable disease. Toxicity consists mainly of moderate but controllable myelosuppression. Further studies combining 9-AC with other agents active in ovarian cancer for use as second-line therapy are warranted.
The natural history and clinical predictors of egg allergy in the first 2 years of life: A prospective, population-based cohort study
Authors: Rachel L. Peters, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Lyle C. Gurrin, Jennifer J. Koplin, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Adrian J. Lowe, Mimi L.K. Tang, Dean Tey, Marnie Robinson, David Hill, Helen Czech, Leone Thiele, Nicholas J. Osborne, Katrina J. Allen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Deficiency of intestinal mucin-2 ameliorates experimental alcoholic liver disease in mice
Authors: Phillipp Hartmann, Peng Chen, Hui J. Wang, Lirui Wang, Declan F. McCole, Katharina Brandl, Peter Stärkel, Clara Belzer, Claus Hellerbrand, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Samuel B. Ho, Bernd Schnabl
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The intestinal mucus layer protects the epithelium from noxious agents, viruses, and pathogenic bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract. It is composed of mucins, predominantly mucin (Muc) 2, secreted by goblet cells of the intestine. Experimental alcoholic liver disease requires translocation of bacterial products across the intestinal barrier into the systemic circulation, which induces an inflammatory response in the liver and contributes to steatohepatitis. We investigated the roles of the intestinal mucus layer, and in particular Muc2, in development of experimental alcohol-associated liver disease in mice. We studied experimental alcohol-induced liver disease, induced by the Tsukamoto-French method (which involves continuous intragastric feeding of an isocaloric diet or alcohol) in wild-type and Muc2(-/-) mice. Muc2(-/-) mice showed less alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis than developed in wild-type mice. Most notably, Muc2(-/-) mice had significantly lower plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide than wild-type mice after alcohol feeding. In contrast to wild-type mice, Muc2(-/-) mice were protected from alcohol-associated microbiome changes that are dependent on intestinal mucins. The antimicrobial proteins regenerating islet-derived 3 beta and gamma were expressed at significantly higher levels in the jejunum of Muc2(-/-) mice fed the isocaloric diet or alcohol compared with wild-type mice. Consequently, Muc2(-/-) mice showed increased killing of commensal bacteria and prevented intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Muc2(-/-) mice are protected from intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis in response to alcohol feeding. Subsequently, lower amounts of bacterial products such as endotoxin translocate into the systemic circulation, decreasing liver disease.
A human serum mannose-binding protein inhibits in vitro infection by the human immunodeficiency virus.
Authors: R A Ezekowitz, M Kuhlman, J E Groopman, R A Byrn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

In vitro infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) of CD4+ H9 lymphoblasts is inhibited by a mannose-binding protein (MBP) purified from human serum. In addition, MBP is able to selectively bind to HIV-infected H9 cells and HIV-infected cells from the monocyte cell line U937. These results indicate MBP most likely recognizes high mannose glycans known to be present on gp120 in the domain that is recognized by CD4 and thereby inhibits viral entry to susceptible cells. In support of this contention, recombinant gp120 binds directly to MBP; the binding is saturable, mannan inhibitable, removed by N-glycanase treatment, and dependent on divalent cations.
Excitation Sequences of the Atrial Septum and the AV Node in Isolated Hearts of the Dog and Rabbit
Authors: Madison S. Spach, Melvyn Lieberman, John G. Scott, Roger C. Barr, E. A. Johnson, J. Mailen Kootsey
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

The spread of excitation wave fronts over the atrial septum of puppies, adult dogs, and rabbits was studied in vitro by extracellular measurements with a 50µ-diameter electrode. Wave front spread through the AV node of puppies and rabbits was determined, and the functional location of the junctional region between atrial muscle and the AV node was evaluated during antegrade atrial and retrograde His bundle pacing. For dogs of all ages, the pattern of spread over the septum was greatly affected by the location of the pacemaker site simulating a high or low sinus node position. For all sinus pacing positions, wave fronts spread over the crista terminalis to form a posterior input to the AV node, while the anterior septal wave fronts formed another input. No functional evidence could be found for narrow, specialized inteniodal tracts of fixed location. Rather, wave fronts spread over broad areas creating patterns of simultaneous, multiple wave fronts which corresponded in extent to the gross anatomical landmarks of the septum. Only in this fashion were the findings consistent with the idea of three general routes of intemodal conduction in the dog and two general routes in the rabbit. The position of the functional boundary between atrium and AV node could be accounted for only by overlapping of the two tissues of this region; the boundary shifted between antegrade and retrograde conduction. Antegrade wave fronts within the AV node accelerated from the superior border of the node to the exit at the His bundle; retrograde excitation wave fronts from the His bundle decelerated through the AV node. The amplitude of the atrial wave forms as well as the status of die inputs from the posterior and anterior regions of the atrial septum were found to be important factors in AV node conduction.
Treatment of Primary FSGS in Adults
Authors: Stephen M. Korbet
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Over the last 20 years, primary FSGS has emerged as one of the leading causes of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults, particularly among African Americans. In nephrotic patients, progression to ESRD often occurs over the course of 5–10 years, whereas non-nephrotic patients and those entering a remission have an extremely favorable prognosis. As a result, it is in patients who remain persistently nephrotic despite conservative therapy that a more aggressive therapeutic approach is taken. Primary FSGS was once considered an entity nonresponsive to prednisone or immunosuppressive agents, but it has become apparent over the last 20 years that a substantial portion of nephrotic adults with primary FSGS do respond to treatment with a significantly improved prognosis. The recent histologic classification proposed for FSGS has provided additional insights into the prognosis and response to therapy. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the presentation, prognosis, and therapeutic approach in adults with primary FSGS.
Impact of Immediate Versus Delayed Axillary Node Dissection on Surgical Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients With Positive Sentinel Nodes: Results From American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Trials Z0010 and Z0011
Authors: John A. Olson, Linda M. McCall, Peter Beitsch, Pat W. Whitworth, Douglas S. Reintgen, Peter W. Blumencranz, A. Marilyn Leitch, Sukamal Saha, Kelly K. Hunt, Armando E. Giuliano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Patients with breast cancer metastasis to the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) generally undergo completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND), either concurrently with SLN biopsy or at a second procedure. The impact of the timing of cALND on pathologic results and complications in these patients has not been examined.We examined outcomes from SLN-positive patients in American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) trials Z0010 and Z0011. Pathologic data examined included primary tumor characteristics, total number of SLNs recovered, positive SLN(s) and non-SLN(s) identified. Complications assessed included axillary seroma, paresthesia, arm morbidity and range of motion, and lymphedema.A total of 1,003 assessable patients with SLN metastasis had immediate (n = 425) or delayed (n = 578) cALND. The median number of SLNs and axillary LNs removed were the same between groups. Patients who had immediate cALND more often had larger tumors, SLN metastasis identified intraoperatively, two or more positive SLNs, and higher pathologic N stage. Axillary paresthesia, seroma, and impaired extremity range of motion were more common in the immediate group during the early postoperative period, but not at later time points. There was no difference in lymphedema at any time point.In ACOSOG trials Z0010 and Z0011, LN recovery and long-term complications were similar after either delayed or immediate cALND for patients with metastasis to SLNs. Patients who undergo immediate cALND experience more short-term morbidity. With respect to staging and complications, there is no clear detriment for patients with a positive SLN who undergo a second procedure for cALND.
Survival From In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest During Nights and Weekends
Authors: Mary Ann Peberdy
Journal: JAMA (2008)

HE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE RE-ports that as many as 98 000 preventable in-hospital deaths occur annually. 1Diagnostic, treatment, preventive, and other system errors have been identified as focus areas to prevent medical injury. 2 The detection and treatment of arrests and their antecedents may be less effective at night because of patient, event, hospital, staffing, and response factors.If in-hospital cardiac arrests are more common or survival is worse on nights and weekends, this information could have important implications for hospital staffing, training, care delivery processes, and equipment decisions.We evaluated survival rates for adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest by time of day and day of week.We hypothesized that outcome after cardiac arrest would be worse during nights and weekends, even when adjusted for potentially confounding patient, event, and hospital factors.