tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Racial Differences in the Performance of Existing Risk Prediction Models for Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Mary E. Lacy, Gregory A. Wellenius, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Eric B. Loucks, April P. Carson, Xi Luo, Catarina I. Kiefe, Annie Gjelsvik, Erica P. Gunderson, Charles B. Eaton, Wen-Chih Wu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

In 2010, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) added hemoglobin A1c (A1C) to the guidelines for diagnosing type 2 diabetes. However, existing models for predicting diabetes risk were developed prior to the widespread adoption of A1C. Thus, it remains unknown how well existing diabetes risk prediction models predict incident diabetes defined according to the ADA 2010 guidelines. Accordingly, we examined the performance of an existing diabetes prediction model applied to a cohort of African American (AA) and white adults from the Coronary Artery Risk Development Study in Young Adults (CARDIA). We evaluated the performance of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) diabetes risk prediction model among 2,456 participants in CARDIA free of diabetes at the 2005-2006 exam and followed for 5 years. We evaluated model discrimination, calibration, and integrated discrimination improvement with incident diabetes defined by ADA 2010 guidelines before and after adding baseline A1C to the prediction model. In the overall cohort, re-estimating the ARIC model in the CARDIA cohort resulted in good discrimination for the prediction of 5-year diabetes risk (area under the curve [AUC] 0.841). Adding baseline A1C as a predictor improved discrimination (AUC 0.841 vs. 0.863, P = 0.03). In race-stratified analyses, model discrimination was significantly higher in whites than AA (AUC AA 0.816 vs. whites 0.902; P = 0.008). Addition of A1C to the ARIC diabetes risk prediction model improved performance overall and in racial subgroups. However, for all models examined, discrimination was better in whites than AA. Additional studies are needed to further improve diabetes risk prediction among AA.
Antiproliferative activity to glomerular mesangial cells and receptor binding of a heparin-mimicking polyaromatic anionic compound.
Authors: A Katz, I Vlodavsky, M Davies, H Q Miao, S A Ben-Sasson, D Darmon, H Hurwitz, H Borgel, M Benezra
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Proliferation of mesangial cells (MC) is a key feature in the pathogenesis of numerous renal diseases involving the glomerulus. Heparin, one of several compounds capable of suppressing MC proliferation, did not prove beneficial in the treatment of human glomerular diseases. In a search for a superior antiproliferative agent, a synthetic polyaromatic "heparin mimicking" compound (RG-13577, polymer of 4-hydroxyphenoxy acetic acid, M(r) approximately 5800), previously reported to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, was applied. RG-13577 exhibits approximately 1% of the anticoagulant activity of heparin and is nontoxic in animal experiments. Proliferation of primary rat MC was almost completely inhibited in the presence of 10 to 25 micrograms/ml RG-13577, and 50% inhibition was obtained at 1 to 5 micrograms/ml RG-13577. The cells resumed their normal growth rate after removal of RG-13577 from the culture medium. Under the same conditions, heparin exerted only a small inhibitors effect. RG-13577 inhibited signaling (i.e., tyrosine phosphorylation) and MC proliferation induced by both basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. RG-13577 binds to a naturally produced extracellular matrix, and the bound molecule retained its antiproliferative effect toward MC. 14C-Labeled RG-13577 also binds to cultured MC in a specific and saturable manner. Binding of 14C-RG-13577 was reduced by 80 to 90% in the presence of excess unlabeled RG-13577, apolipoprotein E, or lactoferrin, but there was no effect with heparin. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effect of RG-13577 was abolished in the presence of lactoferrin. It is proposed that compound RG-13577 inhibits MC proliferation through neutralization of growth-promoting factors, primarily heparin-binding growth factors, and possibly through binding to specific cell surface receptors, most likely the LDL receptor-related protein. RG-13577 and related polyanionic compounds may be applied to inhibit MC proliferation in glomerular diseases.
Current application and future perspectives of molecular typing methods to study Clostridium difficile infections
Authors: C W Knetsch, T D Lawley, M P Hensgens, J Corver, M W Wilcox, E  J Kuijper
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Molecular typing is an essential tool to monitor Clostridium difficile infections and outbreaks within healthcare facilities. Molecular typing also plays a key role in defining the regional and global changes in circulating C. difficile types. The patterns of C. difficile types circulating within Europe (and globally) remain poorly understood, although international efforts are under way to understand the spatial and temporal patterns of C. difficile types. A complete picture is essential to properly investigate type-specific risk factors for C. difficile infections (CDI) and track long-range transmission. Currently, conventional agarose gel-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping is the most common typing method used in Europe to type C. difficile. Although this method has proved to be useful to study epidemiology on local, national and European level, efforts are made to replace it with capillary electrophoresis PCR ribotyping to increase pattern recognition, reproducibility and interpretation. However, this method lacks sufficient discriminatory power to study outbreaks and therefore multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) has been developed to study transmission between humans, animals and food. Sequence-based methods are increasingly being used for C. difficile fingerprinting/typing because of their ability to discriminate between highly related strains, the ease of data interpretation and transferability of data. The first studies using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism typing of healthcare-associated C. difficile within a clinically relevant timeframe are very promising and, although limited to select facilities because of complex data interpretation and high costs, these approaches will likely become commonly used over the coming years.
Test characteristics of alpha-fetoprotein for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Samir Gupta, Stephen Bent, Jeffrey Kohlwes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

According to the best-case estimates of α-fetoprotein sensitivity and specificity, this test is not effective for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virusinfected patients.
WITHDRAWN: Suppression of ABCG2 expression by parathyroid hormone enhances urate accumulation in secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Ryusei Sugimoto, Hiroshi Watanabe, Yuki Enoki, Yu Ishima, Motoko Tanaka, Kazutaka Matsushita, Masafumi Fukagawa, Masaki Otagiri, Toru Maruyama
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
ALGA: A cancer patient profiling tool to improve physician-patient communication—An analysis in breast cancer patients.
Authors: Gabriella Pravettoni, Sara Gandini, Giuseppe Curigliano, Alessandra Gorini, Ketti Mazzocco, J. Gordon McVie, Elisabetta Munzone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

9582 Background: Considerable improvement of communication between physicians and patients (pts) will need to occur as personalised medicine becomes the norm. An accurate profile of the pt’s cognitive and psychological status should help the physician shape his language and his messages to maximise the pt’s understanding of her management options. To this aim a computerized tool (ALGA questionnaire) has been created and validated. Methods: The validation process produced a questionnaire with 4 main factors: Health State Perception, Psychological, Psychosocial and Cognitive aspects. To test its ability to discriminate between healthy people and pts, ALGA has been administered to 50 newly diagnosed primary Breast Cancer (BC) pts prior to their first visit with the oncologist to discuss their adjuvant treatment, and to 50 healthy women (age range:20-60), using an iPad. Results: A multivariate analysis showed a significant difference between BC pts and healthy women relatively to the four aforementioned broad areas: Psychosocial (F(1,56)=13.42, p&lt;.001), Cognitive (F(1,56)=6.53, p&lt;.01), and Psychological Aspect (F(1,56)=2.77, p=.05). ALGA detected pts with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Pts tended to ruminate more than healthy subjects. Finally, pts showed higher level of positive Health State Perception, suggesting a dissociation between cancer illness and general health. Cognitive and Psychological aspects and Health State Perception interacted with participants’ level of education (respectively: F(1,56)=12.23, p&lt;.001; F(1,56)=4.58, p&lt;.05; F(1,56)=7.9, p&lt;.05). Starting from this results a personal profile for each pt was created. Conclusions: The ALGA confirmed ability to discriminate between healthy people and BC pts, and is a good tool to create a personal pt’s profile with which physicians can empower patient with tailored knowledge. Starting from ALGA questionnaire, a smart environment is being implemented as a decision support infrastructure to help communication, interaction and information delivery process from doctor to patient, influencing patient’s quality of life and satisfaction.
A Discovery of Significance (With Apologies to Epidemiologists Everywhere)
Authors: John H. Ward
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

A promising young epidemiologist, trained at an Ivy League school, committed his career to understanding the influence of environment on the risk of developing prostate cancer. Being skilled in multivariate analysis and questionnaire development, he designed a multicenter study examining diet, birth order, occupation, and many other potentially important factors. He also included the question, “What is your favorite baseball team?” In a case-control study of patients with prostate cancer, he discovered the amazing fact that fans of the Boston Red Sox had an increased relative risk (RR) of developing the disease (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–2.4). Prostate cancer was not associated with preference for any other baseball team.
Depression Symptoms and Antidepressant Medicine Use in Diabetes Prevention Program Participants
Authors: Richard R Rubin, William C Knowler, Yong Ma, David G Marrero, Sharon L Edelstein, Elizabeth A Walker, Sanford A Garfield, Edwin B Fisher
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To assess depression markers (symptoms and antidepressant medicine use) in Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participants and to determine whether changes in depression markers during the course of the study were associated with treatment arm, weight change, physical activity level, or participant demographic characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—DPP participants (n = 3,187) in three treatment arms (intensive lifestyle, metformin, and placebo) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and reported on use of antidepressant medicines at randomization and subsequently at each annual visit (average duration in study 3.2 years). RESULTS—On study entry, 10.3% of participants had BDI scores ≥11, which was used as a threshold for mild depression, 5.7% took antidepressant medicines, and 0.9% had both depression markers. During the DPP, the proportion of participants with elevated BDI scores declined (from 10.3% at baseline to 8.4% at year 3), while the proportion taking antidepressant medicines increased (from 5.7% at baseline to 8.7% at year 3), leaving the proportion with either marker unchanged. These time trends were not significantly associated with the DPP treatment arm. Depression markers throughout the study were associated with some participant demographic factors, adjusted for other factors. Men were less likely to have elevated depression scores and less likely to use antidepressant medicine at baseline (9.0% of men and 17.9% of women had at least one marker of depression) and throughout the study (P &amp;lt;0.0001). Those with more education were less likely to have elevated symptom scores (P = 0.0007) but more likely to be taking antidepressant medicine (P = 0.002). Non-Hispanic white participants were less likely than African Americans to have BDI scores ≥11 (P = 0.03), but white participants were more likely to be taking antidepressant medicine than any other racial/ethnic group (P &amp;lt;0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—DPP participation was not associated with changes in levels of depression. Countervailing trends in the proportion of DPP participants with elevated depression symptoms and the proportion taking antidepressant medicine resulted in no significant change in the proportion with either marker. The finding that those taking antidepressant medicine often do not have elevated depression symptoms indicates the value of assessing both markers when estimating overall depression rates.
Switched On—Expert Advice in Prehospital Thrombolysis via Telemedicine
Authors: Martin Ebinger, Heinrich J. Audebert
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
COPD: Pulmonary damage beyond FEV1
Authors: Sebastiaan Denker, Arjan Rudolphus, Arjen Roos, Johannes In 't Veen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) does not adequately reflect disease severity. In addition, parenchymal damage can be present even in mild obstruction. We hypothesize that patients with COPD referred to a pulmonologist can have hyperinflation and lowered diffusion capacity even in the presence of mild obstruction.

Methods: A retrospective lung function database search was performed, covering all new COPD patients (N=4278) in a Dutch hospital between 1998-2012. Besides spirometry, Total Lung Capacity (TLC), Residual Volume (RV), and Diffusion Capacity (DLCO) were measured. FEV1 was categorised according to the Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Only patients with a FEV1/VC < 0.70, a confirmed COPD diagnosis by a pulmonologist, and a complete dataset were included.

Results: As GOLD stage increases, RV/TLC ratio (normal<40%) increases and DLCO decreases (both p<0.01, ANOVA). A relevant proportion of patients with mild obstruction show severe hyperinflation and/or impaired diffusion capacity

![Figure][1] 



.

Conclusion: Pulmonary damage measured by RV/TLC and DLCO increases with airflow obstruction. However, a relevant proportion of COPD patients have mild obstruction with hyperinflation and/or lowered diffusion capacity. Hence, COPD patients with persistent symptoms, even in GOLD I obstruction, might also require assessment of RV/TLC and DLCO analysis.

 [1]: pending:yes
Radiocontrast agents induce endothelin release in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: S N Heyman, B A Clark, N Kaiser, K Spokes, S Rosen, M Brezis, F H Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

The intravascular administration of the ionic radiocontrast agent sodium iothalamate (2.9 g of iodine/kg body wt) to rats induced an increase in plasma concentration of immunoreactive endothelin from 21.3 +/- 1.2 to 36 +/- 3 fmol/mL, preceded by a transient rise in the plasma level of atrial natriuretic peptide and associated with a fall in RBF. Equi-iodine amounts of the nonionic agents ioxaglate and iohexol elicited similar or more marked changes in plasma endothelin, but hypertonic solutions of NaCl, mannitol, or glucose did not. Comparable levels of endothelin produced by infusions of endothelin-1 induced a reduction of up to 29% in RBF. Iothalamate and iohexol stimulated endothelin release from cultured bovine endothelial cells, suggesting a direct effect of ionic and nonionic agents on vascular endothelium. The data invite speculation that under some circumstances endothelin release might play a role in the circulatory changes caused by these compounds and in the pathogenesis of radiocontrast nephropathy.
Partial replantation of Tenckhoff catheters to treat intractable exit-site/tunnel infection.
Authors: S H Chao, T J Tsai
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 7(7):p 1085-1087, July 1996. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.V771085
Quadricuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Michael Y.C. Tsang, Muaz M. Abudiab, Naser M. Ammash, Tasneem Z. Naqvi, William D. Edwards, Vuyisile T. Nkomo, Patricia A. Pellikka
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital cardiac defect. This study sought to determine QAV frequency in a large echocardiography database, to characterize associated cardiovascular abnormalities, and to describe long-term outcomes.Fifty patients (mean ± SD age, 43.5 ± 21.8 years at the time of the index diagnosis; female sex, 52%) received a diagnosis of QAV between January 1, 1975, and March 14, 2014 (frequency, 0.006%). The QAV was type A in 32% and type B in 32% (Hurwitz and Roberts classification). Aortic dilatation was present in 29% of the patients, and 26% had moderate or severe aortic valve regurgitation at the index diagnosis. Stenosis affected only 8% of the valves and was mild. Other findings, including abnormalities of other cardiac valves, septal defects, persistent left superior vena cava, and patent ductus arteriosus, were present in 32% of patients. During a mean ± SD follow-up of 4.8 ± 5.6 years, 8 patients underwent aortic valve surgery, with severe aortic valve regurgitation being the surgical indication in 7 patients. One patient with mild to moderate aortic valve regurgitation underwent aortic valve repair for obstruction of the left coronary ostium by the accessory cusp of QAV. No infective endocarditis or aortic dissection was found. Overall survival was 91.5% and 87.7% at 5 and 10 years.Aortic dilatation and other structural cardiac abnormalities were relatively common among patients with QAV. Aortic valve regurgitation was the predominant hemodynamic abnormality and the indication for aortic valve surgery in most patients who received surgery. Long-term survival was excellent.
Thromboxane generation by human monocytes enhances platelet function.
Authors: D C Altieri, P M Mannucci
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Human monocytes potentiate the ADP-stimulated aggregation of autologous platelets through a fourfold increased binding of 125I-fibrinogen to the platelet surface. The enhancement of platelet function is rapid, relatively transient and is due to thromboxane (Tx) synthesized by monocytes under these conditions. Tx generation by monocytes is triggered by the interaction between fibrinogen and the specific monocyte membrane receptor. These data suggest that the monocyte enhancement of platelet function combined with the clot-promoting activity of these cells might unbalance normal hemostasis.
IKKβ acts as a tumor suppressor in cancer-associated fibroblasts during intestinal tumorigenesis
Authors: Charles K. Pallangyo, Paul K. Ziegler, Florian R. Greten
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) comprise one of the most important cell types in the tumor microenvironment. A proinflammatory NF-κB gene signature in CAFs has been suggested to promote tumorigenesis in models of pancreatic and mammary skin cancer. Using an autochthonous model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and sporadic cancer, we now provide evidence for a tumor-suppressive function of IKKβ/NF-κB in CAFs. Fibroblast-restricted deletion of Ikkβ stimulates intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, suppresses tumor cell death, enhances accumulation of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and induces angiogenesis, ultimately promoting colonic tumor growth. In Ikkβ-deficient fibroblasts, transcription of negative regulators of TGFβ signaling, including Smad7 and Smurf1, is impaired, causing up-regulation of a TGFβ gene signature and elevated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion. Overexpression of Smad7 in Ikkβ-deficient fibroblasts prevents HGF secretion, and pharmacological inhibition of Met during the CAC model confirms that enhanced tumor promotion is dependent on HGF–Met signaling in mucosa of Ikkβ-mutant animals. Collectively, these results highlight an unexpected tumor suppressive function of IKKβ/NF-κB in CAFs linked to HGF release and raise potential concerns about the use of IKK inhibitors in colorectal cancer patients.
Kayser–Fleischer Rings in Wilson's Disease
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Purpose: The Kayser Fleischer ring is the hallmark of Wilson's disease. We present a case of Wilson's disease with neurological manifestations and Kayser- Fleischer ring without chronic hepatic involvement. Material and Methods: A male patient, 31 years of age, presented with two weeks history of difficulty in speaking and tremors of hands. He was married and had two healthy daughters. His parents were alive and healthy. He was conscious, well oriented and had stable vital signs. Neurological examination revealed mask like facies with a vacuous smile, dysarthria and bradykinesia. Kayser - Fleisher rings were seen on slit lamp examination. There was no clinical evidence of chronic liver disease. The laboratory investigations showed haemoglobin 13.9 g/dl, platelet count 161x10 9 /l, WBC 6.5x10
Prognosis of clinical stage I melanoma patients with positive elective regional node dissection.
Authors: H K Koh, A J Sober, C L Day, R A Lew, A W Kopf, W Lamar, A Ben Cosimi, W C Wood, M C Mihm, R A Malt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

We tested 12 clinical and histologic variables to see which ones best predicted death from melanoma in 66 patients with positive elective regional node dissections (clinical stage I, pathologic stage II [CSI, PSII]). Despite the presence of lymph node metastases, not all patients had poor prognoses. Patients with tumors less than or equal to 3.5 mm and a percentage of positive nodes less than or equal to 20% had a 7-year survival rate of 66%. Within this low-risk group the subset with primary lesions on the trunk or extremities (except hands and feet) had a 7-year survival rate of 76%. This compares with poor 7-year survivals of 29% and 30% observed in other defined high-risk groups. Our results confirm and extend earlier observations concerning the prognoses of CSI, PSII melanoma patients and are relevant to any ongoing and future studies concerning elective regional node dissection (ERND) or adjuvant therapy trials in melanoma.