tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: George B. C. Harris, Robert J. Haggerty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

TOXIC HAZARDS*Bronze-Powder Inhalation†Aspiration of foreign material is a frequent cause of respiratory disease in infants and children. A fatal case of powdered-bronze-paint aspiration seen at the Children's Medical Center, Boston, is reported to emphasize the dangers of this type of compound.A 1–11/12-year-old boy was well until the day before admission. He had been blowing into a bottle of bronze powder used for gilding Christmas cards, creating an alluring, fine cloud of this material, when he coughed, covering himself with the powder, and aspirated an unknown amount. Immediately, he began to cough, vomit and retch, and this was . . .
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor allows safe escalation of dose-intensity of chemotherapy in metastatic adult soft tissue sarcomas: a study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group.
Authors: W P Steward, J Verweij, R Somers, D Spooner, P Kerbrat, M Clavel, D Crowther, J Rouesse, T Tursz, E Tueni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE This study was designed to test the feasibility of administering doxorubicin at an optimal dose-intensity (&gt; 70 mg/m2 per 21 days) in combination with ifosfamide under recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) cover in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred four eligible patients (of 111 entered) in 16 centers received doxorubicin 75 mg/m2 plus ifosfamide 5 g/m2 every 3 weeks for up to seven cycles. rhGM-CSF (250 micrograms/m2) was administered once or twice daily by subcutaneous injections for up to 14 days between cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS Full protocol dose-intensity of chemotherapy was administered to the majority of patients with only 15 of 293 cycles being complicated by febrile episodes that required hospitalization. There were two treatment-related deaths: one from septicemia and one from cardiac failure. The main toxicities attributed to rhGM-CSF were pruritus and rash. A 45% response rate (10% complete remission [CR]) was seen, with a median response duration of 9 months and median survival of 15 months. CONCLUSION This high-dose regimen of chemotherapy was feasible under rhGM-CSF cover and produced a higher response rate and median survival than previously seen by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Soft Tissue Sarcoma Group. A randomized phase III study is now underway comparing this regimen with conventional-dose doxorubicin/ifosfamide to test the dose-response relationship.
Lymphoproliferative Responses to Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus In Lymphocyte Subsets of Breast Cancer Patients&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Lopez, Diana M., Parks, Wade P., Sliverman, Michael A., Distasio, John A.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Altered immunologic reactions were observed in breast cancer patients as compared to those in normal subjects. Lymphoproliferative responses to murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) were significantly enhanced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with metastatic disease. These reactivities occurred with mammary tumor virus purified from either mouse milk or infected feline kidney cells but not with Rauscher murine leukemia virus. For the assessment of the role of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte subpopulations in the responsiveness to MuMTV, the cell preparations were fractionated according to their ability to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells (E-rosettes). The effectiveness of the separation was ascertained by means of cell surface markers, i.e., presence of surface immunoglobulins or a T-cell marker. Leu-1 antigen, and mitogen-induced blastogenesis. The responsiveness to the MuMTV antigen(s) was associated with the T-cell subset, identified as the E-rosetting. Leu-1-positive, and surface immunoglobulin-negative population. Although some subjects with the normal population gave positive reactions, the results reveal an apparent association between high levels of responsiveness to MuMTV within the T-lymphocyte subset and breast cancer disease.
Hepatotoxicity in breast cancer patients post-chemotherapy with docetaxel, doxorubucin, and cyclophosphamide.
Authors: S. M. Wills, R. Reid, I. A. Jaiyesimi, J. H. Margolis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e11031 Background: Docetaxel, doxorubucin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC) given in combination has been shown to be an effective treatment for breast cancer. Elevation of alkaline phosphatase with the use of GCSF is well documented in the literature, however little information is available regarding hepatotoxicity. To determine if TAC results in post chemotherapy hepatotoxicicity, a retrospective analysis was conducted on breast cancer patients who received TAC. Methods: After HIC approval, we retrospectively identified and reviewed charts of female breast cancer patients who received TAC between 2001 and 2005. Charts were evaluated for hepatotoxicity and radiological evidence of hepatic abnormalities. Results: Forty eight women were identified. Of these 75% had at ≥ grade 1 hepatotoxicity, 28% had ≥ grade 2 and 4% had grade 3. Since alkaline phosphatase is known to be elevated by GCSF only abnormalities in AST or ALT were considered as markers of hepatotoxicty. The mean length of elevation of AST and ALT was 323 (range 1-1370 d). Patients who eventually developed visceral metastasis were excluded from the calculation of duration of LFT abnormality. Two patients were found to have fatty infiltrate on imaging studies. One patient had persistently elevated LFTs and developed hepatocellular disease. All other patients with persistently elevated LFTs either returned to baseline or had imaging to rule out metastatic disease. Conclusions: None of the 50 patients had clinically significant hepatic dysfunction during the course of there treatment. With the exclusion of alkaline phosphatase, 75% of women had some abnormality in their AST or ALT levels during the course of treatment. These LFT abnormalities were often durable and on average lasted over 320 days. Further studies with associated radiographic evaluation for hepatotoxicity on breast cancer patients receiving TAC are warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with COPD due to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD): 15 years experience at the Maugeri Institute
Authors: Bruno Balbi, Michele Vitacca, Piero Ceriana, Mauro Carone, Gianni Balzano, Andrea Zanini, Claudio Fracchia, Pierachille Santus, Armando Capelli, Giancarlo Piaggi, Giovanna Callegari, Ilaria Ferrarotti, Maurizio Luisetti, Antonio Spanevello
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background. In Italy   Methods. We examined electronic databases and clinical records of the last 15 years from the 8 PR centers of the Maugeri Foundation referring to patients with COPD due to AATD. Data were grouped for the first access to our Institution, the second and the last access (if present). Patients underwent PR programs as COPD patients without AATD.  Results. From 1997 to 2012, 30 patients with severe AATD (i.e. homozygous or double heterozygous for AATD alleles) underwent one, 18 patients two and 14 patients multiple (up to 12) PR programs. At baseline there were 19 males and 11 females, 54±10 yrs, 82% current or former smokers, BMI 25±4. COPD was graded as very severe (GOLD 2007) in 50% of patients, and 47% had 2 or more comorbidities. Augmentation therapy with exogenous AAT was present in 59% of the subjects, liver disease in 23% of patients. The genotypes were ZZ in 40% of patients, SZ in 10%, rare in 26%, undetermined in 24%. After PR there was a tendency to amelioration of lung function test: +3±9 %FVC, +5±12%FEV1, +0.2±0.3 L FEV1 (p=0.04), -13±22%RV. 6mWD after PR improved > 33 m (+33 to +250m) in 38% of cases. Among the 14 patients who repeated PR programs over years, 80% were GOLD stage 4.  Conclusion. PR may be applied to COPD due to AATD as shown by this cohort of middle aged but severely diseased patients. To maximize its effects specific PR protocol should be tailored to the characteristics of these patients.
The <i>in vitro</i> metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11) by carboxylesterase and β-glucuronidase in human colorectal tumours
Authors: P. J. Tobin, P. Seale, S. Lee, M. Solomon, S. Fields, L. Rivory, S. Clarke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3650 Background: Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a prodrug that is used in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. It is activated by carboxylesterases to produce the cytotoxic metabolite SN-38. SN-38 is subsequently metabolised to its inactive glucuronide, SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G). Hence, the reactivation of SN-38 from SN-38G by β-glucuronidase may represent a significant additional pathway of SN-38 production. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of carboxylesterase and β-glucuronidase in the in vitro production of SN-38. Methods: The production of SN-38 from CPT-11 and SN-38G (19.2, 9.6 and 2.4 μM) was measured by HPLC in human colorectal tumour and matched normal colon mucosa homogenates (n=20). Results: Carboxylesterase activity was lower in tumour tissue than matched normal colon mucosa samples (p<0.005). In contrast, no significant difference was observed in β-glucuronidase activity between tumour and matched normal samples (p > 0.05). Interestingly, β-glucuronidase activity in tumour correlated to that observed in matched normal samples (r2>0.23, p<0.05 at all concentrations tested) whereas this was not the case for carboxylesterase activity. At equal concentrations of CPT-11 and SN-38G, the rate of β-glucuronidase-mediated SN-38 production was higher than carboxylesterase-mediated SN-38 production in both tumour and normal tissue (p<0.05). However, at concentrations that reflect the relative plasma concentrations observed in patients, the rate of SN-38 production via these two pathways was comparable. Conclusions: Tumour β-glucuronidase may play a significant role in the exposure of tumours to SN-38 in vivo. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A phase II study of R-CHOP in treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subgroups
Authors: Y. Cao, T. Lin, S. Wang, X. Fu, J. Xiao, J. Yi, H. Lin, Z. Guan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

17540 Background: Recent studies with genes expression profiling and tissue microarray have divided the diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into prognostically important subgroups with germinal center B cell like (GCB) and non-GCB. However, these results are based on the samples of patients who were received standard CHOP regimen. Combination with CHOP and Rituximab (R-CHOP) has been proved to improve the survival of patients with DLBCL. To evaluate the efficacy of R-CHOP in different subgroups of DLBCL, this phase II study has been conducted. Methods: Previously untreated patients with DLBCL were enrolled in this study. No upper age limit was specified. Patients received six cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab 375 mg/m 2 , cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m 2 , doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 , vincristine 1.4 mg/m 2 , and prednisone 40 mg/m 2 for 5 days) every 3 weeks. Immunohistochemical stains on paraffin-embedded tissues from diagnostic biopsies from these patients with antibodies against GCB cell (CD10 and Bcl-6) and activation (MUM1). These patients are divided into GCB and non-GCB groups according to the expression of antibodies against CD10, BCL-6 and MUM1. Results: A total of 64 patients were evaluated, 19 in GCB group and 45 in non-GCB group. Complete Remission (CR) rate was achieved 57.9% and 53.3%, in GCB group and in non-GCB group, respectively. (p = 0.737). A median follow-up of 2.2 years, the two-year failure free survival was no different between two groups (p = 0.566). Conclusions: In patients with GCB group or non-GCB group of DLBCL, addition of Rituximab in CHOP regimen, preliminary result was showed in similar response and survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PWE-181 Socio-economic status and lifestyle factors are associated with achalasia risk: a population-based case-control study
Authors: HG Coleman, RT Gray, KW Lau, C McCaughey, PV Coyle, LJ Murray, BT Johnston
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility disorder of the oesophagus that results in loss of normal lower oesophageal sphincter function. The aetiology of achalasia is very poorly understood. In particular, no lifestyle risk factors have been investigated in relation to achalasia development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the various lifestyle factors and achalasia risk. <h3>Method</h3> A population-based case-control study was conducted in Northern Ireland, including n = 151 achalasia cases and n = 117 age- and sex-matched controls. Lifestyle factors were assessed via a face-to-face structured interview. The association between achalasia and lifestyle factors was assessed by unconditional logistic regression, to produce odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI), before and after adjustment for confounders. <h3>Results</h3> Individuals who had low-class occupations were at the highest risk of achalasia (OR 1.88 (95% CI: 1.02–3.45), inferring that high class occupation holders have a reduced risk of achalasia. A history of foreign travel, a lifestyle factor linked with upper socio-economic class, was also associated with a reduced risk of achalasia (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.35–0.99). In contrast, smoking and alcohol consumption – behaviours normally associated with lower socio-economic groups – carried significant reduced risks of achalasia, even after adjustment for socio-economic status. The presence of pets in the house was associated with a two-fold increased risk of achalasia (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.17–3.42). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Achalasia is a disease of inequality, and individuals from low socio-economic backgrounds are at highest risk. This does not appear to be due to corresponding alcohol and smoking behaviours. An observed positive association between pet ownership and achalasia risk may lend support to a role for allergen/infection exposure in achalasia aetiology. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Roger Chou, Ian Blazina, Christina Bougatsos, Rebecca Holmes, Shelley Selph, Sara Grusing, Janice Jou
Journal: JAMA (2020)

A 2014 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with improved intermediate outcomes, although evidence on clinical outcomes was limited.To update the 2014 HBV screening review in nonpregnant adolescents and adults to inform the USPSTF.Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Ovid MEDLINE (2014 to August 2019); with surveillance through July 24, 2020.Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on screening and antiviral therapy; cohort studies on screening, antiviral therapy clinical outcomes, and the association between achieving intermediate outcomes after antiviral therapy and clinical outcomes.One investigator abstracted data; a second investigator checked accuracy. Two investigators independently assessed study quality. Random-effects profile likelihood meta-analysis was performed.Thirty trials and 20 cohort studies, with a total of 94 168 participants, were included. No study directly evaluated the effects of screening for HBV infection vs no screening on clinical outcomes such as mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma, or cirrhosis. Screening strategies that focused on risk factors such as ever having immigrated from high-prevalence countries and demographic and behavioral risk factors would identify nearly all HBV infection cases. In 1 study (n = 21 008), only screening immigrants from high-prevalence countries would miss approximately two-thirds of infected persons. Based on 18 trials (n = 2972), antiviral therapy compared with placebo or no treatment was associated with greater likelihood of achieving intermediate outcomes, such as virologic suppression and hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) or hepatitis B surface antigen loss or seroconversion; the numbers needed to treat ranged from 2.6 for virologic suppression to 17 for HBeAg seroconversion. Based on 12 trials (n = 4127), first-line antiviral therapies were at least as likely as nonpreferred therapies to achieve intermediate outcomes. Based on 16 trials (n = 4809), antiviral therapy might be associated with improved clinical outcomes, but data were sparse and imprecise. Nine cohort studies (n = 3893) indicated an association between achieving an intermediate outcome following antiviral therapy and improved clinical outcomes but were heterogeneous (hazard ratios ranged from 0.07 to 0.87). Antiviral therapy was associated with higher risk of withdrawal due to adverse events vs placebo or no antiviral therapy.There was no direct evidence for the clinical benefits and harms of HBV screening vs no screening. Antiviral therapy for HBV infection was associated with improved intermediate outcomes and may improve clinical outcomes.
GPs' rate of recommending over the counter drugs varies
Authors: C. Bradley, J. Kenkre, R. Tobias, D. Dassu, A. Riaz
Journal: BMJ (1996)

difficulties with methodological rigour and inter- preting the clinical findings for a primary care context, the results of randomised controlled tri- als may be of questionable validity.'Systematic reviews and meta-analyses may offer ways to address the problems of methodological quality, but such reviews cover only limited topics and may themselves lack rigour.Nor will there ever be evidence from randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to support all but a minority of the many interventions of everyday primary care.Koki Tsuruoka and colleagues highlight our
Human Herpesvirus 7 Infection Induces Profound Cell Cycle Perturbations Coupled to Disregulation of cdc2 and Cyclin B and Polyploidization of CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Paola Secchiero, Lucia Bertolaso, Luca Casareto, Davide Gibellini, Marco Vitale, Kristi Bemis, Arrigo Aleotti, Silvano Capitani, Genoveffa Franchini, Robert C. Gallo, Giorgio Zauli
Journal: Blood (1998)
Lung metastases from colorectal cancer - Surgery, early and late postoperative results
Authors: Vladimir Stanoev, Georgi Yankov, Michail Plochev, Eluar Goranov, Rosen Petkov, Danail Petrov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim: To make a retrospective study of results after surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer.  Methods: A total of 52 patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer were operated. Unilateral operations were performed in 40 (76.9%) patients. Bilateral operations were carries out in 12 (23.1%) patients. In 9 (17.3%) of them one stage operation was performed and in 3 (5.8%) - two stages operations were performed. The approach in 6 (11.5%) of one-stage operations was sternotomy and in 3 (5.8%) were bilateral thoracotomy. Unilateral operations were performed in 33 (63.4%) cases by thoracotomies and 7 (13.5%) by VATS. Precise metastasectomy was made in all patients with bilateral metastases. In unilateral metastases were performed 27 (51.9%) metastasectomies, 8 (15.4%) lobectomies, 2 (3.8%) extended lobectomies, 2 (3.8%), sleeve lobectomies and 1 (1.9%) polysegmentectomy.  Results: No 30-day postoperative mortality was observed. In 3 (5.8%) cases there were minor complications. The overall five-year survival was 25%. Only resectability of metastases (p  Conclusions: Surgical resection is a standard approach for isolated lung metastases from collorectal carcinoma. Resectability of metastases, duration of disease-free interval and the presence of unilateral or bilateral lesions are significant prognostic factors.
A Multicenter Phase Ii Study of Salvage Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium and a Diode Laser for Local Failure of Esophageal Cancer After Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: N. Kakushima, T. Yano, R. Ishihara, Y. Yamamoto, H. Kataoka, H. Isomoto, T. Horimatsu, H. Kasai, S. Morita, M. Muto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
WITHDRAWN: Development of lipid nanoparticles for histone deacetylase inhibitors as a promising anticancer therapy
Authors: Toe Kyung Go, Tuan Hiep Tran, Duc Thanh Chu, Duy Hieu Truong, Jee-Heon Jeong, Van Luong Hoang, Chul Soon Yong, Jong Oh Kim
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
Final Overall Survival Results of a Randomized Trial Comparing Bortezomib Plus Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin with Bortezomib Alone in Subjects with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Robert Z. Orlowski, Arnon Nagler, Pieter Sonneveld, Joan Bladé, Roman Hajek, Andrew Spencer, Tadeusz Robak, Anna Dmoszynska, Noemi Horvath, Ivan Spicka, Heather J. Sutherland, Alexander Suvorov, Liang Xiu, Trilok V. Parekh, Jesús San Miguel
Journal: Blood (2014)
Prevalence of Nonrecommended Screening for Prostate Cancer and Breast Cancer in the United States
Authors: Firas Abdollah, Maxine Sun, Jesse D. Sammon, Toni K. Choueiri, Mani Menon, Joel S. Weissman, Quoc-Dien Trinh
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Existing guidelines acknowledge the risks of overdiagnosis and overtreatment associated with early detection of prostate cancer and breast cancer and recommend against screening for these tumors in individuals with limited life expectancy. 1,2 The cost to the US health care system related to overdiagnosis may be as high as $1.2 billion annually. 3 That finding, combined with the aging population and an expected surge of older individuals with prostate cancer and breast cancer in upcoming years, 4 indicates that a contemporary nationwide and state-by-state assessment of the prevalence of nonrecommended screening for prostate cancer and breast cancer is essential and timely.