tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: lung transplantation as a therapeutic option
Authors: M Reynaud-Gaubert, P Thomas, JY Gaubert, P Pietri, L Garbe, R Giudicelli, J Orehek, P Fuentes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) constitute an uncommon cause of respiratory disability. They may lead to severe hypoxaemia via right-to-left shunts and are sources of substantial mortality and morbidity. Conservative surgical resection has been proposed as the treatment of choice. More recently, percutaneous balloon or coil embolization of the feeding vessels offered an efficacious and safe alternative therapy for patients whose fistulas are too numerous to excise. This study reports an unusual case of respiratory disability in a patient with multiple and microscopic pulmonary arteriovenous malformations who failed to respond to embolotherapy and who received a double lung transplantation with good initial outcome.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia associated with arteriovenous malformation: a clinicopathological correlation with angiography and serial estimation of serum levels of renin, eosinophil cationic protein and interleukin 5
Authors: None Onishi, None Ohara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia associated with arteriovenous malformation: a clinicopathological correlation with angiography and serial estimation of serum levels of renin, eosinophil cationic protein and interleukin 5 Get access Y. Onishi, Y. Onishi Department of Dermatology, Toranomon Hospital 2‐2‐2, Toranomon, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105‐0001, Japan Yasuhiko Onishi E‐mail: b‐west@cb3.so‐net.or.nejp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Ohara K. Ohara Department of Dermatology, Toranomon Hospital 2‐2‐2, Toranomon, Minatoku, Tokyo, 105‐0001, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 6, 1 June 1999, Pages 1153–1156, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02880.x Published: 01 June 1999
1039 BLOCKADE OF THE INTERMEDIATE-CONDUCTANCE CALCIUM-ACTIVATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL (IKCA) AS A NEW ANTIFIBROTIC TREATMENT STRATEGY
Authors: S. Heldwein, M. Ruehl, E. Patsenker, C. Steib, A.L. Gerbes, B. Göke, F. Stickel, R. Somasundaram
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Mutations in the Z-band protein myopalladin gene and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Laëtitia Duboscq-Bidot, Peng Xu, Philippe Charron, Nathalie Neyroud, Gilles Dilanian, Alain Millaire, Valéria Bors, Michel Komajda, Eric Villard
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac disorder characterized by left ventricular dilatation and impaired systolic contraction. It is a major cause of heart failure and heart transplantation. DCM is of genetic origin in approximately 30% of cases and genetically heterogeneous with the identification of numerous disease genes. However, many new disease genes remain to be discovered. Focusing on gene products located in the sarcomere of cardiomyocytes as disease-causing candidates, we screened the gene encoding the sarcomeric Z-band protein myopalladin (MYPN, OMIM 608517) for mutation.We sequenced the coding region in 114 (65 familial and 49 sporadic cases) independent DCM patients' DNA and functionally analysed the identified mutations. We identified four independent heterozygous mutations in two families (R1088H and I83fsX105) and two sporadic cases (V1195M, P1112L). For the three missense mutations, the substituted amino acids were conserved among species. All mutations were absent from 400 control subjects. Specific immunolabelling of heart tissue from a proband carrying the R1088H mutation showed a decreased localization of myopalladin at the Z-band area of left ventricular cardiac myofibrils. Analysis of the effects of the mutations after transfection in rat neonate cardiomyocytes indicated sarcomere disorganization and premature cell death associated with the V1195M and P1112L myopalladin expression. Allele-specific expression analysis of mRNA from a patient harbouring the I83fsX105 mutation indicated the absence of the mutated transcript, suggesting a haploinsufficiency mechanism.Based on genetic, histological, and functional evidence, we identified a new gene associated with DCM and observed mutations in 3-4% of cases in a population of European descent.
The New Medicare Prescription-Drug Legislation
Authors: Drew E. Altman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In terms of dollars, the number of people affected, and the political stakes involved, the Medicare prescription-drug bill is the most important health care legislation passed by Congress since the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. The six-month roller-coaster ride taken by the legislation made its passage all the more dramatic and surprising. The legislation had very good prospects when a compromise was reached in the Senate, and Senator Edward Kennedy (D-Mass.) threw his support behind a Republican bill; it seemed in need of life support when the House passed a bill too conservative for most liberals and moderates . . .
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by Patients Enrolled Onto Phase I Clinical Trials
Authors: Grace K. Dy, Lishan Bekele, Lorelei J. Hanson, Alfred Furth, Sumithra Mandrekar, Jeff A. Sloan, Alex A. Adjei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and pattern of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients enrolled onto phase I trials.Questionnaires were administered to 108 patients with advanced malignancies enrolled onto phase I chemotherapy trials at the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center (Rochester, MN). CAM was classified into two modalities, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic. Clinical and demographic data, including age, sex, and prior cancer treatment, were subsequently obtained from patient charts and examined for any correlation with CAM use, using chi2 analysis.One hundred two survey forms were returned. Among respondents, 88.2% (90 of 102) had used at least one CAM modality; 93.3% (84 of 90) and 53.3% (48 of 90) had used pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic CAM, respectively; and 46.7% (42 of 90) used both modalities. Vitamin and mineral preparations constituted 89.3% (75 of 84) of all pharmacologic CAM used. Intake was highest for vitamins E (48.8% [41 of 84]) and C (38.1% [32 of 84]), and 71.4% (60 of 84) of respondents took nonvitamin/mineral agents. Green tea (29.8% [25 of 84]), echinacea (13.1% [11 of 84]), and essiac (9.5% [8 of 84]) were the most popular. Prayer and spiritual practices were the most commonly used nonpharmacologic CAM, accounting for 52.1% (25 of 48). Chiropractors, the most frequently visited nontraditional medicine practitioners, were consulted by only 10% (9 of 90) of those who practiced CAM. Both CAM modalities were used more frequently by women (53.5% [23 of 43]) than men (40.4% [19 of 47]).CAM use is common among patients in phase I trials and should be ascertained by investigators, because some of the agents used may interact with investigational agents and affect adverse effects and/or efficacy.
Airway efficiency during the use of SCUBA diving mouthpieces.
Authors: R S Hobson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

To investigate the effect of varying interdental bite platform thickness of the scuba mouthpiece on airway efficiency.10 male divers had their mean peak flow measured for free breathing, maximum flow with diving mouthpiece, teeth in occlusion, and for five experimental mouthpieces with different thickness of interdental bite platform (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm).The connecting airway between the demand valve and mouthpiece was found to be a major limiting factor in airway efficiency. An interdental bite platform of 4 mm resulted in the greatest air flow with a further increase in thickness resulting in air flow restriction.The use of an interdental bite platform of 4 mm placed between the premolar and molar teeth ensures the greatest airway efficiency and also results in a design which provides the least temporomandibular joint discomfort for the diver.
Outcomes of Care by Hospitalists, General Internists, and Family Physicians
Authors: Peter K. Lindenauer, Michael B. Rothberg, Penelope S. Pekow, Christopher Kenwood, Evan M. Benjamin, Andrew D. Auerbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The hospitalist model is rapidly altering the landscape for inpatient care in the United States, yet evidence about the clinical and economic outcomes of care by hospitalists is derived from a small number of single-hospital studies examining the practices of a few physicians.We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 76,926 patients 18 years of age or older who were hospitalized between September 2002 and June 2005 for pneumonia, heart failure, chest pain, ischemic stroke, urinary tract infection, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or acute myocardial infarction at 45 hospitals throughout the United States. We used multivariable models to compare the outcomes of care by 284 hospitalists, 993 general internists, and 971 family physicians.As compared with patients cared for by general internists, patients cared for by hospitalists had a modestly shorter hospital stay (adjusted difference, 0.4 day; P<0.001) and lower costs (adjusted difference, $268; P=0.02) but a similar inpatient rate of death (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.05) and 14-day readmission rate (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.05). As compared with patients cared for by family physicians, patients cared for by hospitalists had a shorter length of stay (adjusted difference, 0.4 day; P<0.001), and the costs (adjusted difference, $125; P=0.33), rate of death (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.07), and 14-day readmission rate (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.04) were similar.For common inpatient diagnoses, the hospitalist model is associated with a small reduction in the length of stay without an adverse effect on rates of death or readmission. Hospitalist care appears to be modestly less expensive than that provided by general internists, but it offers no significant savings as compared with the care provided by family physicians.
Expression of Mesenchyme-Specific Gene HMGA2 in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Jun Miyazawa, Akira Mitoro, Shuichi Kawashiri, Kiran K. Chada, Kazushi Imai
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Carcinoma cells of epithelial origin are predisposed to acquire a fibroblastic feature during progression of neoplasm referred to as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. HMGA2 is an architectural transcriptional factor that is expressed in the undifferentiated mesenchyme and initiates mesenchymal tumor formation. However, the biological consequence of the expression in the pathology of epithelial-type carcinomas is controversial. The present study was conducted to dissect the expression pattern in oral squamous cell carcinomas. HMGA2 was detected exclusively in carcinoma cell lines and tissues, but not in normal keratinocytes and gingival, by conventional reverse transcription-PCR. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated 160-fold more HMGA2 expression in carcinoma tissues than in normal gingiva and 11-fold more HMGA2 expression in carcinoma cell lines than in normal keratinocytes. HMGA2 expression was observed by immunohistochemistry in 73.8% of 42 carcinomas and localized to the invasive front, where the cells exhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Fourteen patients who had been classified into a group without lymph node metastasis were positive for HMGA2 staining, and the disease recurred. Furthermore, carcinomas from all 23 patients who died of tumor recurrence stained for HMGA2, and HMGA2 staining was correlated to long-term survival of patients (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Multivariate risk factor analysis demonstrated that HMGA2 expression was an independent prognostic value for disease-specific overall survival (P &amp;lt; 0.01). These results suggest that HMGA2 contributes to the aggressiveness of carcinoma and that detection of HMGA2 expression is a useful predictive and prognostic tool in clinical management of oral carcinomas.
Adjuvant inhibition of iAPC function in the tumor microenvironment promotes therapeutic immunity in the setting of vaccination-induced T cell anti-tumor response
Authors: Joseph Antonios, Horacio Soto, Joey Orpilla, Namjo Shin, Richard Everson, Linda Liau, Robert Prins
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Glioma tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is an effective treatment modality. However, cure rates in the established tumor setting are not therapeutically significant in our preclinical models. We inferred that immunosuppressive antigen presenting cells (iAPCs)
Handheld Cellular Telephone Use and Risk of Brain Cancer
Authors: Joshua E. Muscat
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextA relative paucity of data exist on the possible health effects of using cellular telephones.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that using handheld cellular telephones is related to the risk of primary brain cancer.Design and SettingCase-control study conducted in 5 US academic medical centers between 1994 and 1998 using a structured questionnaire.PatientsA total of 469 men and women aged 18 to 80 years with primary brain cancer and 422 matched controls without brain cancer.Main Outcome MeasureRisk of brain cancer compared by use of handheld cellular telephones, in hours per month and years of use.ResultsThe median monthly hours of use were 2.5 for cases and 2.2 for controls. Compared with patients who never used handheld cellular telephones, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) associated with regular past or current use was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-1.2). The OR for infrequent users (<0.72 h/mo) was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.5-2.0) and for frequent users (>10.1 h/mo) was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.3-1.4). The mean duration of use was 2.8 years for cases and 2.7 years for controls; no association with brain cancer was observed according to duration of use (P = .54). In cases, cerebral tumors occurred more frequently on the same side of the head where cellular telephones had been used (26 vs 15 cases; P = .06), but in the cases with temporal lobe cancer a greater proportion of tumors occurred in the contralateral than ipsilateral side (9 vs 5 cases; P = .33). The OR was less than 1.0 for all histologic categories of brain cancer except for uncommon neuroepitheliomatous cancers (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.9-4.7).ConclusionsOur data suggest that use of handheld cellular telephones is not associated with risk of brain cancer, but further studies are needed to account for longer induction periods, especially for slow-growing tumors with neuronal features.
Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided Stenting of Aortic Coarctation With Commercially Available Catheter Devices in Swine
Authors: Amish N. Raval, James D. Telep, Michael A. Guttman, Cengizhan Ozturk, Michael Jones, Richard B. Thompson, Victor J. Wright, William H. Schenke, Ranil DeSilva, Ronnier J. Aviles, Venkatesh K. Raman, Michael C. Slack, Robert J. Lederman
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Real-time MR imaging (rtMRI) is now technically capable of guiding catheter-based cardiovascular interventions. Compared with x-ray, rtMRI offers superior tissue imaging in any orientation without ionizing radiation. Translation to clinical trials has awaited the availability of clinical-grade catheter devices that are both MRI visible and safe. We report a preclinical safety and feasibility study of rtMRI-guided stenting in a porcine model of aortic coarctation using only commercially available catheter devices. Method and Results— Coarctation stenting was performed wholly under rtMRI guidance in 13 swine. rtMRI permitted procedure planning, device tracking, and accurate stent deployment. “Active” guidewires, incorporating MRI antennas, improved device visualization compared with unmodified “passive” nitinol guidewires and shortened procedure time (26±11 versus 106±42 minutes; P =0.008). Follow-up catheterization and necropsy showed accurate stent deployment, durable gradient reduction, and appropriate neointimal formation. MRI immediately identified aortic rupture when oversized devices were tested. Conclusions— This experience demonstrates preclinical safety and feasibility of rtMRI-guided aortic coarctation stenting using commercially available catheter devices. Patients may benefit from rtMRI in the future because of combined device and tissue imaging, freedom from ionizing radiation, and the ability to identify serious complications promptly.
An autosomal dominant gene regulates the extent of 9-O-acetylation of murine erythrocyte sialic acids. A probable explanation for the variation in capacity to activate the human alternate complement pathway.
Authors: A Varki, S Kornfeld
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Nydegger et al. (4) have reported that the difference in susceptibility of erythrocytes from different inbred murine strains to lysis by the human alternate complement pathway is determined by an autosomal locus. We have found a good correlation between the degree of O-acetylation of the erythrocyte sialic acid residues and the susceptibility to complement lysis, whereas there was no correlation between total erythrocyte sialic acid content and complement sensitivity. The major O-acetylated species in all the murine strains is 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid. We propose that the autosomal dominant locus, which determines complement sensitivity, acts by influencing the extent of 9-O-acetylation of the erythrocyte sialic acid residues. By using recombinant inbred strains, we determined that this genetic locus is probably located on chromosome 9. The nature of the gene product remains unknown.
Random Tree-Puzzle Leads to the Yule–Harding Distribution
Authors: Le Sy Vinh, Andrea Fuehrer, Arndt von Haeseler
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Approaches to reconstruct phylogenies abound and are widely used in the study of molecular evolution. Partially through extensive simulations, we are beginning to understand the potential pitfalls as well as the advantages of different methods. However, little work has been done on possible biases introduced by the methods if the input data are random and do not carry any phylogenetic signal. Although Tree-Puzzle (Strimmer K, von Haeseler A. 1996. Quartet puzzling: a quartet maximum-likelihood method for reconstructing tree topologies. Mol Biol Evol. 13:964–969; Schmidt HA, Strimmer K, Vingron M, von Haeseler A. 2002. Tree-Puzzle: maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using quartets and parallel computing. Bioinformatics 18:502–504) has become common in phylogenetics, the resulting distribution of labeled unrooted bifurcating trees when data do not carry any phylogenetic signal has not been investigated. Our note shows that the distribution converges to the well-known Yule–Harding distribution. However, the bias of the Yule–Harding distribution will be diminished by a tiny amount of phylogenetic information. maximum likelihood, phylogenetic reconstruction, Tree-Puzzle, tree distribution, Yule–Harding distribution.
Mechanism of suppression of lipopolysaccharide-driven B cell differentiation by anti-mu antibodies. Evidence for a trans-acting repressor of transcription.
Authors: R E Flahart, A R Lawton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Bivalent anti-mu antibodies suppress LPS-driven B cell differentiation by inhibiting the coordinate activation of a family of differentiation-related genes, including those encoding the heavy, light, and J chains of IgM. We have shown that the presence of inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis during a pulse with anti-mu can interfere with induction of suppression. We suggest that suppression is mediated by a trans-acting repressor protein with specificity for common motifs in regulatory regions of each of these genes.
The Mechanistic Toxicology of Formaldehyde and Its Implications for Quantitative Risk Estimation
Authors: T B Starr, J E Gibson
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1985)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Effects of Altered Smooth Muscle Tone on Aortic Diameter and Aortic Baroreceptor Activity in Anesthetized Rabbits
Authors: HAROLD AARS
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

The possible role of aortic smooth muscle in the regulation of aortic diameter and activity in the aortic baroreceptors was investigated in anesthetized rabbits. Aortic diameter was measured with ultrasonic technique within the intact thorax, and activity recorded in the whole left aortic nerve was quantified by rectification and integration. Blood pressure was changed by bleeding and reinfusion. At comparable blood pressures, norepinephrine (1 to 6 µ/kg.min) produced a 1% to 10% constriction of the aorta, without affecting the pressure-strain elastic modulus (E P ). After phenoxybenzamine, maximum increases in diameter and E p were 17% and 280%, respectively. When related to diastolic diameter, however, E p was mostly increased by norepinephrine and reduced by phenoxybenzamine. Baroreceptor activity at comparable pressures remained normal during infusion of norepinephrine, but increased after phenoxybenzamine. However, when compared at equal diastolic diameters, the sensitivity of the receptors to aortic distention was found to be increased by norepinephrine and unaltered by phenoxybenzamine. Increased smooth muscle tone therefore served to maintain a normal relationship between blood pressure and baroreceptor activity, in spite of the simultaneous reduction in aortic diameter. Reduction of smooth muscle tone markedly increased activity in the aortic baroreceptors, due to dilatation of the receptor area.