tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cloned mouse cells with natural killer function and cloned suppressor T cells express ultrastructural and biochemical features not shared by cloned inducer T cells.
Authors: A M Dvorak, S J Galli, J A Marcum, G Nabel, H der Simonian, J Goldin, R A Monahan, K Pyne, H Cantor, R D Rosenberg, H F Dvorak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

We have examined the morphology, cytochemistry, and biochemistry of mouse leukocyte subsets by analyzing cloned leukocyte populations specialized to perform different immunologic functions. Cloned cells expressing high-affinity plasma membrane receptors for IgE and mediating natural killer (NK) lysis and cloned antigen-specific suppressor T cells contained prominent osmiophilic cytoplasmic granules similar by ultrastructure to those of mouse basophils. Both clones also incorporated 35SO4 into granule-associated sulfated glycosaminoglycans, expressed a characteristic ultrastructural pattern of nonspecific esterase activity, incorporated exogenous [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, and contained cytoplasmic deposits of particulate glycogen. By contrast, cloned inducer T cells lacked cytoplasmic granules and glycogen, incorporated neither 35SO4 nor [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, and differed from the other clones in pattern of nonspecific esterase activity. These findings establish that certain cloned cells with NK activity and cloned suppressor T cells express morphologic and biochemical characteristics heretofore associated with basophilic granulocytes. However, these clones differ in surface glycoprotein expression and immunologic function, and the full extent of the similarities and differences among these populations and basophils remains to be determined.
Association of Cigarette Smoking and Asbestos Exposure with Location and Histology of Lung Cancer
Authors: BURTON W. LEE, JOHN C. WAIN, KARL T. KELSEY, JOHN K. WIENCKE, DAVID C. CHRISTIANI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Prior studies have suggested that lung cancers that arise in association with cigarette smoking favor an upper-lobe location while those associated with asbestos exposure favor a lower-lobe location. An excess of adenocarcinomas has also been reported among cases not exposed to cigarette smoke as well as among those exposed to asbestos. However, these studies typically have not adjusted adequately for potential confounders such as the patient's age, sex, race, or family history of cancer. To better examine the effects of cigarette smoking and asbestos exposure on location and histology of lung cancer, we analyzed data from a large case-control study that included 456 patients with stage I or II lung cancer. Patients with upper-lobe tumors tended to have had more exposure to tobacco as assessed by pack-years smoked (54.7 versus 46.2, p = 0.07) and less time since quitting smoking (3.0 versus 5.5 yr, p = 0.05). In contrast to some prior reports, asbestos exposure was also associated with an upper-lobe location of tumor. Among those with upper-lobe tumors, 14.6% had a history of significant asbestos exposure compared with 5.4% of those with lower-lobe tumors (p < 0.01). The relationship between asbestos exposure and upper-lobe location of tumor was also statistically significant whether stratified by smoking or analyzed by multivariable logistic regression modeling. Adenocarcinomas were more likely among those with less exposure to cigarette smoke based on fewer pack-years smoked (41.5 versus 61.8, p = 0.0001) and more time since quitting smoking (5.0 versus 3.0 yr, p = 0.02). The proportion of patients with significant exposure to asbestos was lower among those with adenocarcinomas but was not statistically significant (9.5 versus 15.3%, p = 0.09). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, longer time since smoking exposure remained a significant predictor of adenocarcinomas (p < 0.02), but history of asbestos exposure did not predict tumor histology. Thus, in patients with lung cancer, both cigarette smoking and asbestos exposure histories favor an upper-lobe location of tumor. Longer time since smoking exposure favors adenocarcinomas, but the history of asbestos exposure does not appear to influence the tumor histology.
Clinical features of 31 patients with Ki-1 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.
Authors: J P Greer, M C Kinney, R D Collins, K E Salhany, S N Wolff, J D Hainsworth, J M Flexner, R S Stein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Thirty-one patients were diagnosed by morphologic and immunophenotypic features as having primary Ki-1 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (Ki-1 ALCL). the median age was 35 years (range, 4 months to 78 years); the male:female ratio was 18:13. B symptoms were observed in 13 patients. Peripheral adenopathy was present in 26 patients, while mediastinal adenopathy occurred in five. There was extranodal disease in 13 patients; the most common extranodal site was skin with seven affected. Seventeen patients had stage III/IV disease. Immunophenotypes were T cell in 24 patients and B cell in four patients; immunophenotype could not be determined in three patients. Cytogenetic abnormalities in chromosomes 2, 5, and 7 were detected in three patients. Although therapy was heterogeneous, the actuarial 2-year survival was 73%. Two-year disease-free survival was 39% for all patients; for stages I and II, it was 62% compared with 20% for stages III and IV (P = .001). Complete remission (CR) occurred in 21 of 23 patients receiving combination chemotherapy; however, nine relapses, including six of seven stage IV patients, occurred within 21 months of diagnosis. Preliminary observations suggest that Ki-1 ALCL may have a quiescent phase in the rare patient with only localized skin disease. However, the disease generally behaves as an intermediate- to high-grade lymphoma, and patients with Ki-1 ALCL should receive curative-intent combination chemotherapy.
Allergy to honey: relation to pollen and honey bee allergy
Authors: A. Helbling, Ch. Peter, E. Berchtold, S. Bogdanov, U. Müller
Journal: Allergy (1992)

To identify the allergenic components of honey we studied 22 patients with a history of systemic allergic symptoms following honey ingestion. The group of honey-allergic patients was compared with three control groups: 10 subjects sensitized to artemisia, 10 with honey bee venom allergy and 10 without a history of atopy or bee sting reactions. The allergological tests included skin tests and RAST with three different kinds of Swiss honey (dandelion, forest and rape), pollen of compositae species, celery tuber, extract of bee pharyngeal glands, honey bee venom and bee whole body extract. The results show that 3/4 of honey-allergics are sensitive to dandelion honey and 13 of 22 also to compositae pollen. Nine of the honey allergic patients were sensitized to honey bee venom, 3 also to bee pharyngeal glands and to bee whole body extract. Analysis of diagnostic tests and RAST inhibition studies suggest that besides compositae pollen other allergens, most likely of bee origin are important. In honey allergics primary sensitization may be due either to the honey itself, to airborne compositae pollen or even to cross-reacting bee venom components.
DNA Methylation Profiles of Lymphoid and Hematopoietic Malignancies
Authors: Takao Takahashi, Narayan Shivapurkar, Jyotsna Reddy, Hisayuki Shigematsu, Kuniharu Miyajima, Makoto Suzuki, Shinichi Toyooka, Sabine Zöchbauer-Müller, Johannes Drach, Gunjan Parikh, Yingye Zheng, Ziding Feng, Steven H. Kroft, Charles Timmons, Robert W. McKenna, Adi F. Gazdar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Aberrant methylation of the 5' gene promoter regions is an epigenetic phenomenon that is the major mechanism for silencing of tumor suppressor genes in many cancer types. The aims of our study were (a) to compare the methylation profiles of the major forms of hematological malignancies and (b) to determine the methylation profile of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and compare it with that of multiple myeloma (MM).We compared the aberrant promoter methylation profile of 14 known or suspected tumor suppressor genes in leukemias (n = 48), lymphomas (n = 42), and MMs (n = 40). We also examined the methylation profile of MGUS (n = 20), a premalignant plasma cell dyscrasia. The genes studied represent five of the six "hallmarks of cancer."Peripheral blood lymphocytes (n = 14) from healthy volunteers were negative for methylation of all genes, and methylation percentages in 41 nonmalignant tissues (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, bone marrows, and lymph nodes) from hematological patients were low (0-9%) for all 14 genes, confirming that methylation was tumor specific. Ten of the genes were methylated at frequencies of 29-68% in one or more tumor types, and the methylation indices (an indicator of overall methylation) varied from 0.25 to 0.34. With two exceptions, the methylation patterns of leukemias and lymphomas were similar. However, the pattern of MMs varied from the other tumor types for six genes. In general, the methylation pattern of MGUS was similar to that of MM, although the methylation frequencies were lower (the methylation index of MGUS was 0.15, and that of MM was 0.3). However, the methylation frequencies of six genes were significantly higher in MGUS than in control tissues. The relatively high frequencies of methylation in MGUS are consistent with it being a premalignant condition.The three major forms of lymphoid/hematopoietic malignancies show overlapping but individual patterns of methylation.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of Aortocoronary Saphenous Vein Graft
Authors: Michael Famularo
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Numerous reports of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty have demonstrated its clinical usefulness as a nonoperative approach to coronary artery disease. Recently, this technique has been extended to coronary artery bypass grafts. To our knowledge, our report is the first to describe the anatomical changes induced by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in a saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass graft. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:3347-3350)
Phase I Study of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of PTK787/ZK 222584 Administered Twice Daily in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Anne L. Thomas, Bruno Morgan, Mark A. Horsfield, Anthony Higginson, Andrea Kay, Lucy Lee, Eric Masson, Marie Puccio-Pick, Dirk Laurent, William P. Steward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK/ZK) is an oral angiogenesis inhibitor targeting all known vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinases, including VEGFR-1/Flt-1, VEGFR-2/KDR, VEGFR-3/Flt-4, the platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, and the c-kit protein tyrosine kinase. In this phase I dose-escalating study, PTK/ZK was administered bid to exploit the theoretical advantage of maintaining constant drug levels above a threshold known from preclinical data to interfere with VEGF receptor signaling. Patients and Methods Forty-three patients with advanced cancers received single-agent PTK/ZK at doses of 150 to 1,000 mg orally bid. Assessments for safety and pharmacokinetics were performed. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used as a pharmacodynamic marker of response. Results At 1,000 mg bid, the dose-limiting toxicity of reversible grade 3 lightheadedness was observed. Dose-related grade 3 fatigue and vomiting were observed but these were not dose-limiting. Pharmacokinetic data confirmed that PTK/ZK exposure increased with increasing dose up to 500 mg bid and appeared to plateau at higher doses. A greater than 40% reduction in the DCE-MRI bidirectional transfer constant (K i ) at day 2 predicted for nonprogression of disease. Conclusion The maximum-tolerated oral dose of PTK/ZK is 750 mg orally bid. DCE-MRI and pharmacokinetic data indicate that PTK/ZK ≥ 1,000 mg total daily dose is the biologically active dose.
Diagnosis and Assessment of Hoarding Disorder
Authors: Randy O. Frost, Gail Steketee, David F. Tolin
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2012)

The acquisition and saving of a large number of possessions that interfere with the use of living areas in the home are remarkably common behaviors that can pose serious threats to the health and safety of the affected person and those living nearby. Recent research on hoarding has led the DSM-5 Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum, Post-traumatic, and Dissociative Disorders Work Group to propose the addition of hoarding disorder to the list of disorders in the upcoming revision of the diagnostic manual. This review examines the research related to the diagnosis and assessment of hoarding and hoarding disorder. The proposed criteria appear to accurately define the disorder, and preliminary studies suggest they are reliable. Recent assessment strategies for hoarding have improved our understanding of the nature of this behavior. Areas in need of further research have been highlighted.
Sequence evolution and phylogenetic signal in control-region and cytochrome b sequences of rainbow fishes (Melanotaeniidae).
Authors: D Zhu, B G Jamieson, A Hugall, C Moritz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1994)

The nucleotide sequences of segments of the cytochrome b gene (351 bp), the tRNA(Pro) gene (49 bp), and the control region (approximately 313 bp) of mitochondrial DNA were obtained from 26 fish representing different populations and species of Melanotaenia and one species of Glossolepis, freshwater rainbow fishes confined to Australia and New Guinea. The purpose was to investigate relative rates and patterns of sequence evolution. Overall levels of divergence were similar for the cytochrome b and tRNA control-region sequences, both ranging from < 1% within subspecies to 15%-19% between genera. However, the patterns of sequence evolution differed. For the cytochrome b gene, transitions consistently exceeded transversions, the bias ranging from 4.2:1 to 2:1, depending on the level of sequence divergence. However, in the control-region sequence, a bias toward transitions (2:1) was observed only in comparisons between very similar sequences, and transversions outnumbered transitions in comparisons of divergent sequences. Graphic comparisons suggested that the control region was saturated for transitions at relatively low levels of sequence divergence but accumulated transversions at a greater rate than did the cytochrome b sequence. These distinct patterns of base substitution are associated with differences in A+T content, which is 70% for the tRNA control-region segment versus 50% for cytochrome b. A test for skewness in the distribution of lengths of random trees indicated that both segments contained phylogenetic signal. Parsimony analyses of the data from the two regions, with or without weighting schemes appropriate to the respective patterns of sequence evolution, identified the same five groupings of sequences, but the relationships among the groups differed. However, in most cases the branches uniting different combinations of groups were poorly supported, and the differences among topologies were insignificant. Considering the observed patterns of base substitution and the results of the phylogenetic analyses, we deduce that both the control region and cytochrome b are appropriate for population genetic studies but that the control region is less effective than cytochrome b for resolving relationships among divergent lineages of rainbow fishes.
Navigating through a volumetric world does not imply needing a full three-dimensional representation
Authors: Claus-Christian Carbon, Vera M. Hesslinger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Jeffery et al. extensively and thoroughly describe how different species navigate through a three-dimensional environment. Undeniably, the world offers numerous three-dimensional opportunities. However, we argue that for most navigation tasks a two-dimensional representation is nevertheless sufficient, as physical conditions and limitations such as gravity, thermoclines, or layers of earth encountered in a specific situation provide the very elevation data the navigating individual needs.
BRCA1 mRNA expression and outcome to neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in bladder cancer
Authors: A. Font, M. Taron, J.L. Gago, C. Costa, J.J. Sánchez, C. Carrato, M. Mora, P. Celiz, L. Perez, D. Rodríguez, A. Gimenez-Capitan, V. Quiroga, S. Benlloch, L. Ibarz, R. Rosell
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Predictive Value of a Whole Blood IFN-γ Assay for the Development of Active Tuberculosis Disease after Recent Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Authors: Roland Diel, Robert Loddenkemper, Karen Meywald-Walter, Stefan Niemann, Albert Nienhaus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Numerous studies have been published on the new Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific IFN-gamma release assays. However, their prognostic value for progression from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active TB has yet to be established.To compare the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT) with the tuberculin skin test (TST) in recently exposed close contacts of active TB cases with respect to their development of TB disease within 2 years.Close contacts (n = 601) of MTB-positive source cases underwent both TST and QFT testing and were subsequently observed for 103 (+/-13.5) weeks. Risk factors for MTB infection were evaluated by multivariate analysis.For the TST, 40.4% (243/601) of contacts were positive at a 5-mm cutoff, whereas only 66 (11%) were QFT positive. QFT positivity, but not TST, was associated with exposure time (P < 0.0001). Six contacts progressed to TB disease within the 2-year follow-up. All were QFT positive and had declined preventive treatment, equating to a progression rate of 14.6% (6/41) among those who were QFT positive. The progression rate for untreated TST-positive subjects was significantly lower (P < 0.003), at 2.3% (5 of 219), and one subject who progressed was TST negative.Results suggest that QFT is a more accurate indicator of the presence of LTBI than the TST and provides at least the same sensitivity for detecting those who will progress to active TB. The high rate of progression to active TB of those who are QFT positive (14.6%), which is far greater than the 2.3% found for those who are TST positive, has health and economic implications for enhanced TB control, particularly if this higher progression rate is seen in studies of other at-risk populations.
Evidence for Horizontal Gene Transfer from Bacteroidetes Bacteria to Dinoflagellate Minicircles
Authors: Krzysztof Moszczyński, Paweł Mackiewicz, Andrzej Bodył
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Dinoflagellate protists harbor a characteristic peridinin-containing plastid that evolved from a red or haptophyte alga. In contrast to typical plastids that have ∼100–200 kb circular genomes, the dinoflagellate plastid genome is composed of minicircles that each encode 0–5 genes. It is commonly assumed that dinoflagellate minicircles are derived from a standard plastid genome through drastic reduction and fragmentation. However, we demonstrate that the ycf16 and ycf24 genes (encoded on the Ceratium AF490364 minicircle), as well as rpl28 and rpl33 (encoded on the Pyrocystis AF490367 minicircle), are related to sequences from Algoriphagus and/or Cytophaga bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes clade. Moreover, we identified a new open reading frame on the Pyrocystis minicircle encoding a SRP54 N domain, which is typical of FtsY proteins. Because neither of these minicircles share sequence similarity with any other dinoflagellate minicircles, and their genes resemble bacterial operons, we propose that these Ceratium and Pyrocystis minicircles resulted from a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from a Bacteroidetes donor. Our findings are the first indication of HGT to dinoflagellate minicircles, highlighting yet another peculiar aspect of this plastid genome.
Complete Response After Imatinib Mesylate Therapy in a Patient With Well-Differentiated Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Iván Álvarez-Twose, Pablo González, José Mário Morgado, María Jara-Acevedo, Laura Sánchez-Muñoz, Almudena Matito, Manuela Mollejo, Alberto Orfao, Luis Escribano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)
Occupational asthma and IgE sensitization to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid
Authors: Hae-Sim Park, Ki-Up Kim, Young-Mok Lee, Jeong-Hee Choi, June-Hyuk Lee, Sung-Woo Park, An-Soo Jang, Choon-Sik Park
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
A six week double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study of the effect of misoprostol in the treatment of aspirin sensitive asthma
Authors: W. Wasiak, M. Szmidt
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Digital technology in the early 21st century has introduced significant changes to everyday life and the ways in which we practise medicine. It is important that the ease and practicality of accessing and disseminating information does not intrude on the high standards expected of doctors, and that the boundaries between professional and public life do not become blurred through the increasing adoption of social media. This said, as with any such profound disruption, the social media age could be responsible for driving a new understanding of what it means to be a medical professional.
Mepenzolate bromide displays beneficial effects in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ken-Ichiro Tanaka, Tohru Mizushima
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background and Aims: The clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires not only an improvement of airflow by bronchodilation but also the suppression of emphysema by controlling inflammation. Here we screen a compound library consisting of clinically used drugs for their ability to prevent elastase-induced airspace enlargement in mice.  Methods: The severity of pulmonary emphysema in mice was assessed by various criteria, including enlargement of airspace. Lung mechanics (elastance) and respiratory function were assessed using a computer-controlled ventilator.  Results: We show that intratracheal administration or inhalation of mepenzolate bromide, a muscarinic antagonist used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, decreases the severity of elastase-induced airspace enlargement and respiratory dysfunction. Although mepenzolate bromide shows bronchodilatory activity, most other muscarinic antagonists do not improve elastase-induced pulmonary disorders. Apart from suppressing elastase-induced pulmonary inflammatory responses and the production of superoxide anions, mepenzolate bromide reduces the level of cigarette smoke-induced airspace enlargement and respiratory dysfunction.  Conclusions: Based on these results, we propose that mepenzolate bromide may be an effective therapeutic for the treatment of COPD due to its anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory activities.