tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SWEAT DUCTS TO POMPHOLYX VESICLES
Authors: DENIS CHARLES DEVINE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1952)

Journal Article OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SWEAT DUCTS TO POMPHOLYX VESICLES Get access DENIS CHARLES DEVINE, M.D. DENIS CHARLES DEVINE, M.D. From the Department of Dermatology, Glasgow Western Infirmary Group Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 64, Issue 11, 1 November 1952, Pages 393–401, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1952.tb15874.x Published: 01 November 1952
P104 Comparison Of The Upper And Lower Airway Microbiota In Children
Authors: B. Ahmed, M. Cox, W. Cookson, J. Davies, M. Moffatt, A. Bush
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The lower airway microbiota is important in chronic lung disease but young children do not expectorate, making longitudinal studies difficult. Upper airway samples, of uncertain reliability, are used as a surrogate. Whilst throat swabs (TS) have shown differences in the microbiota between healthy and wheezing children [<i>PLoS One</i> 2012;7(10):e46803], the role of cough swabs (CS) is at present unclear. This study assessed the correlation between upper and lower airway samples as a prelude to a longitudinal study. We hypothesised that upper airway samples reflect the lower airway microbiota. <h3>Methods</h3> TS and lower airway samples (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, bronchial brushings or both) were collected from 55 children undergoing a clinically indicated fibre-optic bronchoscopy (FOB), including CS from 35 children. Bacterial DNA was extracted for quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 454 FLX pyrosequencing of the V3-V5 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene. Data analysis was performed with Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) and Phyloseq in R. <h3>Results</h3> FOB indications included: recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (47%); cystic fibrosis (CF) (35%), and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) (11%). Only seven CS amplified successfully. 375,268 high quality 16S rRNA sequences were obtained from 132 upper and lower airway samples. No significant difference was seen in richness (H = 1.352, 2 d.f., p = 0.509), evenness (H = 3.942, 2 d.f, p = 0.139), Shannon’s diversity index (H = 1.38, 2 d.f., p = 0.501), and Inverse Simpson’s diversity index (F <sub>(2,91)</sub> = 0.547, p = 0.581) between TS and lower airway samples. Beta-diversity (diversity between samples) was significantly different; ≤7.2% of variation in diversity attributed to the sampling method (p = 0.002). Greater variation was observed between underlying pathologies and between patients (≤41.2% and 68.3% respectively, p = 0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> CS are not useful for pyrosequencing. TS are predictive of the lower airway microbiota and can differentiate diseases. TS are therefore potentially useful in studying longitudinal changes in the microbiota in children with chronic lung diseases.
What Is the Value of a Food and Drug Administration Investigational New Drug Application for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation to Treat Clostridium difficile Infection?
Authors: Gail A. Hecht, Martin J. Blaser, Jeffrey Gordon, Lee M. Kaplan, Rob Knight, Loren Laine, Richard Peek, Mary Ellen Sanders, Balfour Sartor, Gary D. Wu, Vincent W. Yang
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Normal recombination substrate VH to DJH rearrangements in pre-B cell lines from scid mice.
Authors: P Ferrier, L R Covey, S C Li, H Suh, B A Malynn, T K Blackwell, M A Morrow, F W Alt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

To further analyze the VDJ recombination defect in lymphoid pre-B cells from mice with severe combined immune deficiency (scid mice), we have assayed the ability of Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) transformed pre-B cells from scid mice to rearrange a recombination substrate in which inverted VH to DJH joins activate a selectable (gpt) gene. In unselected populations, substrate rearrangements occurred frequently, but were aberrant and probably analogous to the aberrant rearrangements observed at endogenous scid Ig gene loci. In contrast, populations of scid pre-B lines selected for gpt activity within the substrate contained mostly "normal" VH to DJH joins within the introduced substrate. These findings demonstrate that scid pre-B cells can make normal joins at low efficiency and are discussed with respect to the potential mechanism of the scid defect and the occurrence of Igs in leaky scid mice.
Microbially Driven TLR5-Dependent Signaling Governs Distal Malignant Progression through Tumor-Promoting Inflammation
Authors: Melanie R. Rutkowski, Tom L. Stephen, Nikolaos Svoronos, Michael J. Allegrezza, Amelia J. Tesone, Alfredo Perales-Puchalt, Eva Brencicova, Ximena Escovar-Fadul, Jenny M. Nguyen, Mark G. Cadungog, Rugang Zhang, Mariana Salatino, Julia Tchou, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Jose R. Conejo-Garcia
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Efficacy and safety of ipilimumab monotherapy in patients with pretreated advanced melanoma: a multicenter single-arm phase II study
Authors: S.J. O'Day, M. Maio, V. Chiarion-Sileni, T.F. Gajewski, H. Pehamberger, I.N. Bondarenko, P. Queirolo, L. Lundgren, S. Mikhailov, L. Roman, C. Verschraegen, R. Humphrey, R. Ibrahim, V. de Pril, A. Hoos, J.D. Wolchok
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Surveillance for Variant Strains of HIV: Subtype G and Group O HIV-1
Authors: Patrick S. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The state of Maryland, as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's national surveillance for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants, collects blood from a sample of persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for determination of viral subtype. Two patients infected with HIV-1 variants have been identified: the first identified HIV-1 subtype G infection in the United States, and the second identified HIV-1 group O infection in the United States.<sup>1</sup> Patient 1 was a woman in her mid 30s who was born in West Africa; HIV infection was diagnosed in the United States in the early 1990s. The patient was likely exposed to HIV by heterosexual contact with an HIV-infected person in Africa. She had severe immunosuppression and AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses, including recurrent pneumonia, esophageal candidiasis, toxoplasma encephalitis, and disseminated cytomegalovirus disease. Death was attributed to HIV disease, pancytopenia, and cavernous sinus thrombosis. Plasma from
Calcium, Phosphorus, Parathyroid Hormone, and Cardiovascular Disease in Hemodialysis Patients: The USRDS Waves 1, 3, and 4 Study
Authors: Yelena Slinin, Robert N. Foley, Allan J. Collins
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Animal studies suggest that calcium-phosphorus homeostatic abnormalities cause cardiovascular disease in uremia; few observational studies in humans have explored this. Associations in the retrospective United States Renal Data System Waves 1, 3, and 4 Study of 14,829 patients who were on hemodialysis on December 31, 1993, were examined. Mean age and duration of renal replacement therapy were 60.0 and 3.2 yr, respectively; 40.7% had diabetes. Quintiles (Q(1) to Q(5)) of (albumin-adjusted) calcium were </=8.7, 8.8 to 9.2, 9.3 to 9.6, 9.7 to 10.2, and >10.2 mg/dl; phosphorus, </=4.4, 4.5 to 5.3, 5.4 to 6.3, 6.4 to 7.5, and >7.5 mg/dl; calcium-phosphorus product, </=40.9, 41.0 to 50.1, 50.2 to 59.2, 59.3 to 71.0, and >71.0 mg(2)/dl(2); and parathyroid hormone (PTH), </=37, 38 to 99, 100 to 210, 211 to 480, and >480 pg/ml. Higher calcium levels were associated with fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular events (adjusted hazards ratio, 1.08 for Q(5), versus Q(1)) and all-cause mortality (Q(2), 1.07; Q(4), 1.11; Q(5), 1.14). Phosphorus levels were associated with cardiovascular events (Q(2), 1.06; Q(3), 1.13; Q(4), 1.14; Q(5), 1.25) and mortality (Q(4), 1.10; Q(5), 1.19), calcium-phosphorus product was associated with cardiovascular events (Q(3), 1.09; Q(4), 1.14; Q(5), 1.24) and mortality (Q(4), 1.09; Q(5), 1.19), and PTH levels were associated with cardiovascular events (Q(5), 1.12) and mortality (Q(5), 1.17). Despite limitations (including retrospective design; noncurrent study era; and lack of serial calcium, phosphorus, and PTH measurements), this study suggests that disorders of calcium homeostasis are associated with fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients.
In vivo and in vitro hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy in chronic ductopenic rejection of human liver allografts
Authors: S D Taylor-Robinson, J Sargentoni, J D Bell, E L Thomas, C D Marcus, K K Changani, N Saeed, H J F Hodgson, B R Davidson, A K Burroughs, K Rolles, C S Foster, I J Cox
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —In vivo hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides non-invasive information about phospholipid metabolism. Aims —To delineate MRS abnormalities in patients with chronic ductopenic rejection (CDR) and to characterise spectral changes by in vitro MRS and electron microscopy. Patients and methods —Sixteen liver transplant recipients (four with CDR; 12 with good graft function) and 29 controls (23 healthy volunteers; six patients with biliary duct strictures) were studied with in vivo 31 P MRS. Peak area ratios of phosphomonoesters (PME) and phosphodiesters (PDE), relative to nucleotide triphosphates (NTP) were measured. In vitro MRS and electron microscopy were performed on biopsy specimens from five patients with CDR, freeze clamped at retransplantation. Phosphoethanolamine (PE), phosphocholine (PC), glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE), and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) concentrations were measured. Results —The 12 patients with good graft function displayed no spectral abnormalities in vivo; the four patients with CDR showed significantly elevated PME:NTP (p&lt;0.01) and PDE:NTP ratios (p&lt;0.005). Patients with biliary strictures had significant differences in PME:NTP (p&lt;0.01) from patients with CDR, but not in mean PDE:NTP. In vitro spectra from CDR patients showed elevated PE and PC, mirroring the in vivo changes in PME, but reduced GPE and GPC concentrations were observed, at variance with the in vivo PDE findings. On electron microscopy, there was no proliferation in hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions —The increase in PME:NTP reflects altered phospholipid metabolism in patients with CDR, while the increase in PDE:NTP may represent a significant contribution from bile phospholipid.
Rheumatoid factors from the peripheral blood of two patients with rheumatoid arthritis are genetically heterogeneous and somatically mutated.
Authors: K Youngblood, L Fruchter, G Ding, J Lopez, V Bonagura, A Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We report the DNA sequences of the heavy and light chain immunoglobulin genes of 11 monoclonal rheumatoid factor (RF)-secreting lines derived from the peripheral blood of two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is evident from immunogenetic analysis of these lines that RA-associated RF activity can arise from a wide variety of heavy and light chain genes and gene combinations. Although the RF response from our two patients shows a bias in gene usage toward those genes used to encode monoclonal RF, particularly VkIII, relatively few of these RFs are reactive with the monoclonal antiidiotypes 6B6.6 and 17.109 that define VkIII germline-encoded light chains and the loss of this idiotypic reactivity is clearly related to somatic mutation. Finally, RFs derived from peripheral blood of RA patients show a similar heterogeneity of epitope binding to Fc as that seen for synovium-derived RF and some are clearly different in binding specificity from the restricted RF population found in patients with B cell malignancies. Somatic mutations as well as different VH/VL combinations contribute to the heterogeneity in the binding patterns of these RA-derived RF.
Elevated Urine Estrogen and Pregnanediol Levels in Daughters of Breast Cancer Patients<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref>
Authors: D Trichopoulos, J B Brown, J Garas, A Papaioannou, B MacMahon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Urine levels of three major estrogens and of pregnanediol were measured for 76 nulliparous daughters of breast cancer patients and for 115 control women of similar age and parity. Concentrations of estrone and estradiol tended to be higher in the daughters of breast cancer patients than in the controls; total estrogens were elevated in both phases of the menstrual cycle and significantly so in the luteal phase. There was little difference between the daughters and the controls in estriol ratios–the ratios of the concentration of estriol to the sum of the concentrations of estrone and estradiol. Pregnanediol levels were higher in the daughters than in the controls.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen: Usefulness as a Postsurgical Method in the Detection of Recurrence in Dukes Stages 82 and C Colorectal Cancers&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M Koch, G Washer, H Gaedke, T A McPherson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Sequential carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) plasma levels were obtained postoperatively in 181 patients with colorectal Dukes stages B2 and C colorectal cancers to assess their usefulness as part of a follow-up program designed to detect disease progression. In all, 1,684 determinations were obtained in patients who were, at the time, free of any clinical or radiologic evidence of disease. If individual CEA determinations are considered and if 10 ng/ml is specified as the limit between normal and elevated CEA levels, both sensitivity (45.0%) and specificity (93.4%) make determination of CEA levels an acceptable screening test in this well-defined population, especially as it also fulfills the criteria of patient acceptance, potential benefit to the patient, and low cost. Preoperative CEA levels were also determined in 93 of the 181 patients, and these results confirm the prognostic value of the slope between preoperative and postoperative CEA levels.
Azathioprine in giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica: a double-blind study.
Authors: M De Silva, B L Hazleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The ability of azathioprine to reduce the maintenance prednisolone requirement of 31 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) or giant cell arteritis (GCA), or both, was tested in a double-blind placebo controlled study over one year. Clinical and laboratory assessments were made at four-weekly intervals over a period of 52 weeks. A statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05) in mean prednisolone dose was noted between the two groups at the end of 52 weeks, there being a fall in steroid requirement in the azathioprine treated group.
Colorectal cancer surveillance in IBD: a retrospective review
Authors: E. A. Arthurs, K. Burley, L. Williams, M. Lockett
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients with colitis are at increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colonoscopic surveillance to detect dysplasia and early cancers has been advocated by the British Society of Gastroenterology since 20021. Our aim is to assess whether patients with colitis who developed CRC had received appropriate colonoscopic surveillance. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with colitis who developed CRC between 1999 and 2009 were identified from cancer Multidisciplinary Team summaries and histopathology records. A retrospective review of case notes was performed. Data on diagnoses, duration of symptoms, extent of disease, CRC surveillance and CRC diagnosis was collected and analysed. <h3>Results</h3> 16 cases of colitis and CRC were identified (M:F 12:4) from our IBD patient cohort of 1820. 10 patients had an underlying diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (4 E2, 4 E3)2, and 6 patients had been diagnosed with Crohn9s disease (3 L2, 3 L3)2. The mean age of diagnosis of CRC was 64.5 years (range 47–87). The average duration of underlying disease was 19.4 years (range 0.5–44). 12 patients (75%) had symptom onset of &gt;10 years ago; 3 patients (25%) had an initial screening colonoscopy at 8–10 years. 8 patients (75%) were having surveillance, of whom only 2 (25%) had surveillance in accordance with BSG guidelines 2002, and 6 (75%) had inconsistent surveillance. Reasons for patients undergoing inconsistent surveillance included non-attendance for booked colonoscopy (1), patient unknown to or discharged from secondary care and colonoscopy not organised by GP (3), patients undergoing surveillance with barium enemas (1), patient thought to be small bowel disease only (1), patient living abroad at times (1) and patient presented at 10 years with CRC (1). 1 CRC (8.3%) was diagnosed by surveillance; the remaining 11 cases were interval cancers. The only patient diagnosed with CRC by surveillance was staged at Dukes A. 5 patients (41.7%) presented with advanced disease (Dukes C, D), and 11 patients had surgical procedures (3 panproctocolectomy + ileostomy, 3 subtotal colectomy, 5 limited resections). 3 patients (25%) have subsequently died (CRC as cause of death in all cases). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with colitis have not received appropriate CRC surveillance in our trust according to the BSG guidelines (2002), and further auditing of our cohort of IBD patients is required. These results emphasise the need for a coordinated, reliable surveillance programme.
Toll-like receptor and antiphospholipid mediated thrombosis: in vivo studies
Authors: S. S Pierangeli, M. E Vega-Ostertag, E. Raschi, X. Liu, Z. Romay-Penabad, V. De Micheli, M. Galli, M. Moia, A. Tincani, M. O. Borghi, T. Nguyen-Oghalai, P. L. Meroni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> A study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo pathogenic role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by studying the thrombogenic antiphospholipid (aPL) activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) non-responsive (LPS–/–) mice and the association between <i>tlr4</i> gene polymorphisms and APS in patients. <h3>Methods:</h3> IgGs from two patients with APS, one with aPL negative systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and one with normal human serum (NHS), were evaluated for thrombosis, tissue factor (TF) activity and endothelial cell activation in LPS–/– mice displaying a <i>tlr4</i> spontaneous mutation vs LPS responsive (LPS+/+) mice. Human <i>tlr4</i> Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms were evaluated by allele-specific PCR in 110 patients with APS with arterial/venous thrombosis and in 220 controls of the same ethnic origin. <h3>Results:</h3> IgG-APS produced significantly larger thrombi and more leucocytes (WBC) adhering to endothelial cells in the cremaster muscle microcirculation of LPS+/+ mice than IgG-NHS or aPL negative SLE-IgG. These effects were abrogated after absorption of the anti-β<sub>2</sub>glycoprotein I activity by an affinity column. The two IgG-APS induced significantly smaller thrombi and fewer WBC adhering to endothelial cells in LPS−/− mice than in LPS+/+ mice. IgG-APS induced higher TF activity in carotid artery homogenates of LPS+/+ mice than in LPS−/− mice. The prevalence of Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile <i>tlr4</i> polymorphisms was significantly lower than in controls. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> These findings in LPS−/− mice and the reduction in the "protective" polymorphism in patients with APS with thrombosis suggest that TLR-4 is involved in the interaction of aPL with endothelial cells in vivo.
Edward Parrish Radford Andrew Allison Qahtan Abdul-Rahman Al-Samarrai Stephen David Crabtree Kathleen Agnes Dru Drury Francis George Hattersley William Edgar Parkes Patrick Morries Gordon Russell Patrick McIlroy Smyth
Authors: C. Richmond, A G Allison, L Bryce, G E Phillips, R Baxter, F Khan, W Scott, P Sutaria, J. Andrew, F G Hattersley, O V Maxim, J P G Hattersley, D Keegan, H Dunn, D W Sykes, J M. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (2001)
The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire
Authors: Margaret Sandra Westaway, John R. Seager
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Reliable and valid multicultural instruments are important in multicultural societies that are typical of modern cities, and clinicians, using psychosocial assessments, need to ensure that their diagnostic and screening tools are appropriate. This study was conducted with 176 diabetic outpatients from two culturally distinct groups (95 Bantu-speaking and 81 Afrikaans-speaking subjects) to 1 ) ascertain the underlying dimensions of treatment satisfaction as measured by the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ status) (1), 2 ) determine the reliability (internal consistency) of the measures, and 3 ) investigate the effects of objective (HbA1c results) and subjective metabolic control, health (2), and well-being …
A multicenter international randomized phase III study comparing cisplatin in combination with irinotecan or etoposide in previously untreated small-cell lung cancer patients with extensive disease
Authors: P. Zatloukal, F. Cardenal, A. Szczesna, V. Gorbunova, V. Moiseyenko, X. Zhang, L. Cisar, J.-C. Soria, M. Domine, M. Thomas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Pharmacogenetics of Anticancer Drug Sensitivity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Romano Danesi, Filippo De Braud, Stefano Fogli, Tommaso Martino De Pas, Antonello Di Paolo, Giuseppe Curigliano, Mario Del Tacca
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2003)

In mammalian cells, the process of malignant transformation is characterized by the loss or down-regulation of tumor-suppressor genes and/or the mutation or overexpression of proto-oncogenes, whose products promote dysregulated proliferation of cells and extend their life span. Deregulation in intracellular transduction pathways generates mitogenic signals that promote abnormal cell growth and the acquisition of an undifferentiated phenotype. Genetic abnormalities in cancer have been widely studied to identify those factors predictive of tumor progression, survival, and response to chemotherapeutic agents. Pharmacogenetics has been founded as a science to examine the genetic basis of interindividual variation in drug metabolism, drug targets, and transporters, which result in differences in the efficacy and safety of many therapeutic agents. The traditional pharmacogenetic approach relies on studying sequence variations in candidate genes suspected of affecting drug response. However, these studies have yielded contradictory results because of the small number of molecular determinants of drug response examined, and in several cases this approach was revealed to be reductionistic. This limitation is now being overcome by the use of novel techniques, i.e., high-density DNA and protein arrays, which allow genome- and proteome-wide tumor profiling. Pharmacogenomics represents the natural evolution of pharmacogenetics since it addresses, on a genome-wide basis, the effect of the sum of genetic variants on drug responses of individuals. Development of pharmacogenomics as a new field has accelerated the progress in drug discovery by the identification of novel therapeutic targets by expression profiling at the genomic or proteomic levels. In addition to this, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics provide an important opportunity to select patients who may benefit from the administration of specific agents that best match the genetic profile of the disease, thus allowing maximum activity.