tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to 4.5% saline and its relation to asthma and allergy symptoms in Austrian children
Authors: J Riedler, A Gamper, W Eder, G Oberfeld
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The prevalence of asthma in school children has been reported to have increased, with wide variations between countries. To allow comparison of prevalence data, objective markers of asthma should be measured. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to hypertonic saline and its relation to asthma and allergy symptoms in 507 Austrian school children, aged 12-15 yrs in a cross-sectional, community based survey. These children were selected from 3,371 children who had answered a self-administered written questionnaire on asthma, hay fever, eczema and environmental factors. The prevalence of BHR to hypertonic saline was 14% and the majority (70%) of the children had mild BHR. The prevalence of wheeze in the last 12 months was 12% and of a diagnostic label of asthma was 6%. Fifty three per cent of the children with symptoms in the last 12 months and a diagnostic label of asthma had BHR, and 33% of those with symptoms in the last 12 months regardless of a diagnostic label of asthma showed a positive response to hypertonic saline. Atopic dermatitis, a diagnostic label of asthma, night cough apart from colds, wheeze in the past 12 months (but not "former wheeze") and male gender were significantly associated with increased response to 4.5% saline in the final logistic regression model. These results show that the prevalence of asthma symptoms in the last 12 months and the prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to hypertonic saline are twice that of a diagnosis of asthma and that asthma might be underdiagnosed in the present population. The response to hypertonic saline is most strongly associated with current asthma and allergy symptoms. A combination of a "diagnostic label of asthma" and "asthma symptoms in the last 12 months" might best reflect "current asthma" in epidemiological studies in this population.
Facial Edema and Eosinophilia
Authors: VANEE SONGSIRIDEJ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Two patients had recurrent facial edema and peripheral blood eosinophilia. One patient showed a marked increase in the serum level of the eosinophil granule major basic protein. In both patients, skin biopsy samples showed nonspecific mononuclear cell inflammation with few eosinophils. However, immunofluorescence staining showed extracellular localization of the major basic protein within the dermis, similar to that previously shown in chronic urticaria and the recently described syndrome of episodic angioedema with eosinophilia. These observations provide further evidence that degranulation of eosinophils occurs in the skin and suggest that eosinophil mediators may play a role in the development of cutaneous edema.
Anterior Cingulate Activation During Stroop Task Performance: A PET to MRI Coregistration Study of Individual Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Murat Yücel, Christos Pantelis, Geoffrey W. Stuart, Stephen J. Wood, Paul Maruff, Dennis Velakoulis, Andrew Pipingas, Simon F. Crowe, Henri J. Tochon-Danguy, Gary F. Egan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The authors used single-subject functional imaging analyses to 1) corroborate the findings of anterior cingulate hypoperfusion during an attentional task in schizophrenia and 2) examine whether anterior cingulate activation is associated with underlying morphology. METHOD: Five healthy subjects and six patients with schizophrenia underwent positron emission tomography scanning while they performed the Stroop task. The medial-frontal lobes were masked out for analysis, and activation peaks were individually coregistered to each subject's magnetic resonance imaging scan. RESULTS: Healthy subjects showed activations in both limbic and paralimbic anterior cingulate regions. Patients with schizophrenia showed only paralimbic activations, and these were apparent only in patients having a paracingulate sulcus. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that 1) patients with schizophrenia have limbic-anterior cingulate hypoperfusion during attentional tasks and 2) paralimbic activation is associated with underlying morphology.
TREATMENT OF GENERAL PARALYSIS BY MALARIA
Authors: T. W. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1925)

Even as regards the treatment of megacolon, there is much difference of opiniionl.In the case htere related treatment was of necessity surgical: colectomy was demanded, and the result surpassed expectation.Colostomy may be done as a first stage, but should, if possible, be followed by excision of the artificial anus with colectomy and aiiastomosis.Mumiinery advises the lumbar route for colostomy, saying that inguiiinal colostomy is very dangerous, as the heavy bowel tends to tear away, that a spur canniot be formed, anid the obstruction is often not relieved, and that he has only found two cases in which anly real benefit resulted.Colectomy, no doubt, is a very formidable undertaking in a toxic, undernourished patienit, especially in the preseince of a faecal fistula; but most people would prefer to take the risk to passing adolescence aind maturity in the alternative condition.
Ammoniun Chloride Acidosis
Authors: MARVIN H. SLEISENGER, A. STONE FREEDBERG
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The administration of 6 to 8 Gm. of enteric coated ammonium chloride daily for 7 to 45 days to 6 patients resulted in severe, and in 2 instances nearly fatal, acidosis. Five of the 6 patients had congestive heart failure and one, subacute glomerulonephritis; each of the 5 patients with congestive failure had organic renal disease. The clinical manifestations, differentiation from the low salt syrndrome and the therapy are discussed.
Association between Corticosteroid Use and Vertebral Fractures in Older Men with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: CHARLENE E. McEVOY, KRISTINE E. ENSRUD, EARL BENDER, HARRY K. GENANT, WEI YU, JAYNE M. GRIFFITH, DENNIS E. NIEWOEHNER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Osteoporosis is a major complication of long-term corticosteroid administration, but the magnitude of the effect in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well defined. In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the association between steroid use and vertebral fractures in 312 men, 50 yr of age or older, with COPD. Subjects were evaluated according to their corticosteroid use: Never Steroid Users (NSU) (n = 117), Inhaled Steroid Users (ISU) (n = 70), and Systemic Steroid Users (SSU) (n = 125). The prevalence of one or more vertebral fractures was 48.7% in the NSU group, 57.1% in the ISU group, and 63.3% in the SSU group. Compared with NSU, SSU were two times as likely to have one or more vertebral fractures: age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.08 to 3.07. This relationship was primarily due to a strong association between continuous systemic steroid use and vertebral fractures: age-adjusted OR = 2.36; 95% CI, 1.26 to 4.38. In addition, fractures in SSU were more likely to be multiple and more severe. A weaker relationship existed between inhaled steroid use and vertebral fractures: age-adjusted OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 0.77 to 2.56 compared with NSU. These data indicate that vertebral fractures are common in older men with COPD; the likelihood of these fractures is greatest in those men using continuous systemic steroids. McEvoy CE, Ensrud KE, Bender E, Genant HK, Yu W, Griffith JM, Niewoehner DE. Association between corticosteroid use and vertebral fractures in older men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Clinical and Pharmacologic Study of the Novel Prodrug Delimotecan (MEN 4901/T-0128) in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Stephan A. Veltkamp, Els O. Witteveen, Angela Capriati, Attilio Crea, Fabio Animati, Marja Voogel-Fuchs, Ingeborg J.G.M. van den Heuvel, Jos H. Beijnen, Emile E. Voest, Jan H.M. Schellens
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate i.v. administration of delimotecan (MEN 4901/T-0128), a carboxymethyldextran polymer prodrug of the active camptothecin derivative T-2513, and to assess the maximum tolerated dose, safety profile, clinical pharmacology, and antitumor activity of delimotecan and metabolites. Experimental Design: Patients with solid tumors refractory to standard therapy received i.v. delimotecan as 3-hour infusion once every 6 weeks. The starting dose was 150 mg/m2, followed by an accelerated dose escalation with at least one patient per dose level. The pharmacokinetics of delimotecan, T-2513, and its metabolites, SN-38, SN-38G, T-1335, T-0055, and T-3921, were assessed in plasma and urine, and their pharmacodynamics were determined by measuring the effect of the treatment on hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity. Results: Twenty-two patients received 35 courses. Dose-limiting toxicities were observed at 5,400 mg/m2 (n = 1), 3,600 mg/m2 (n = 1), and 2,400 mg/m2 (n = 2). The dose level of 1,800 mg/m2 was determined as maximum tolerated dose. Two partial responses were observed in patients with anal cancer (1800 mg/m2) and head and neck cancer (2400 mg/m2). Delimotecan had a long terminal half-life of 109 h, and relatively high exposures to T-2513 and SN-38 were obtained. The percentage decrease in WBC and absolute neutrophil count significantly correlated with the dose of delimotecan. Conclusions: Based on its preliminary antitumor activity, safety profile, and pharmacokinetic profile, we recommend to evaluate delimotecan given as 3-hour infusion once every 6 weeks at a dose level of 1,800 mg/m2 in a phase II study.
Functional and morphological heterogeneity of emphysema and its implication for selection of patients for lung volume reduction surgery
Authors: E.W. Russi, K.E. Bloch, W. Weder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) in patients with advanced pulmonary emphysema aims to alleviate symptoms and enhance quality of life by improving respiratory mechanics. The theoretical concepts of the operation predict the greatest functional benefit in patients with marked hyperinflation, and with airflow obstruction due to loss of elastic recoil. Consistent observations in several centres, have confirmed these expectations. To achieve maximal reduction in lung volume at the least cost of functional tissue, resection is targeted to the lung zones with the most severe destruction by emphysema, leaving zones with relatively well-preserved tissue intact. Heterogeneity in emphysema distribution as assessed by visual scoring of the chest computed tomography scan according to a simple grading system has been shown to correlate with LVRS outcome variables. Therefore, evaluation of lung volume reduction surgery candidates has to include the functional and morphological characteristics of the emphysema as well as a general assessment of perioperative risk. However, the knowledge of potential predictive factors of lung volume reduction surgery outcome is so far based on retrospective analysis of highly selected patients. Therefore, many questions in respect of the selection of ideal candidates for this procedure remain unanswered at the present time.
Inflammasome-Independent Regulation of IL-1-Family Cytokines
Authors: Mihai G. Netea, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Jos W.M. van der Meer, Charles A. Dinarello, Leo A.B. Joosten
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2014)

Induction, production, and release of proinflammatory cytokines are essential steps to establish an effective host defense. Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family induce inflammation and regulate T lymphocyte responses while also displaying homeostatic and metabolic activities. With the exception of the IL-1 receptor antagonist, all IL-1 family cytokines lack a signal peptide and require proteolytic processing into an active molecule. One such unique protease is caspase-1, which is activated by protein platforms called the inflammasomes. However, increasing evidence suggests that inflammasomes and caspase-1 are not the only mechanism for processing IL-1 cytokines. IL-1 cytokines are often released as precursors and require extracellular processing for activity. Here we review the inflammasome-independent enzymatic processes that are able to activate IL-1 cytokines, paying special attention to neutrophil-derived serine proteases, which subsequently induce inflammation and modulate host defense. The inflammasome-independent processing of IL-1 cytokines has important consequences for understanding inflammatory diseases, and it impacts the design of IL-1-based modulatory therapies.
A CASE OF CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS FOLLOWING THE OPERATION OF TATTOOING
Authors: S. E. DORE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1918)

Journal Article A CASE OF CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS FOLLOWING THE OPERATION OF TATTOOING Get access S. E. DORE, M.D. S. E. DORE, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 30, Issue 1, 1 January 1918, Pages 22–27, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1918.tb12370.x Published: 01 January 1918
Insulin Resistance as Estimated by Homeostasis Model Assessment Predicts Incident Symptomatic Cardiovascular Disease in Caucasian Subjects From the General Population
Authors: Enzo Bonora, Stefan Kiechl, Johann Willeit, Friedrich Oberhollenzer, Georg Egger, James B. Meigs, Riccardo C. Bonadonna, Michele Muggeo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether insulin resistance is associated to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to understand whether this association can be explained by traditional and novel CVD risk factors associated with this metabolic disorder. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We examined a sample representative of the population of Bruneck, Italy (n = 919; aged 40–79 years). Insulin-resistant subjects were those with a score in the top quartile of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Risk factors correlated with insulin resistance included BMI, A1C, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, oxidized LDL, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and adiponectin. Subjects without CVD at baseline were followed up for 15 years for incident CVD, a composite end point including fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke, transient ischemic attack, and any revascularization procedure. RESULTS—During follow-up, 118 subjects experienced a first symptomatic CVD event. Levels of HOMA-IR were higher at baseline among subjects who developed CVD (2.8) compared with those remaining free of CVD (2.5) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Levels of HOMA-IR also were significantly correlated (P &amp;lt; 0.05) with most CVD risk factors we evaluated. In Cox proportional hazard models, insulin-resistant subjects had an age-, sex-, and smoking-adjusted 2.1-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.3–3.1) of incident symptomatic CVD relative to non–insulin-resistant subjects. After sequential adjustment for physical activity and classic risk factors (A1C, LDL cholesterol, and hypertension) as well as BMI, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and novel risk factors, including fibrinogen, oxidized LDL, hsCRP, VCAM-1, and adiponectin, the association between HOMA-IR and incident CVD remained significant and virtually unchanged (hazard ratio 2.2 [95% CI 1.4–3.6], P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS—HOMA-estimated insulin resistance is associated with subsequent symptomatic CVD in the general population independently of all classic and several nontraditional risk factors. These data suggest that insulin resistance may be an important target to reduce CVD risk.
1252 EFFECT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON SERUM LEVELS OF GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES IN OBESE NAFLD PATIENTS
Authors: A. Del Prete, A.L. Mozzillo, V. Amoroso, S. Tolone, D. Sgambato, A. Funaro, M. Chirico, L. Docimo, C. Loguercio, A. Federico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
No relationship between running related injuries and kinetic variables
Authors: S Bredeweg, I Buist
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Although the benefits of running are well known, 19–79% of the runners get injured every year. Many risk factors are associated with the aetiology of running-related injuries, but still there is no consensus on the exact cause of running injuries. Kinetic variables, such as impact peak force, active peak force and the impact loading rate are scarcely studied in novice runners. Studies on the aetiology of stress fractures of the tibia showed conflicting results between kinetic factors and the development of stress fractures of the tibia. Objective To examine the effects of running kinetics on the incidence of running related injuries in novice recreational runners. Design Prospective cohort study. Kinetic variables were acquired from an instrumented treadmill with three force measuring transducers. Female participants ran at 2.2 m/s and 2.5 m/s and male participants at 2.5 m/s and 2.78 m/s. At each velocity the vertical ground reaction forces were measured, from which the kinetic variables were calculated. Setting Novice recreational runners. Participants 98 male and 100 novice female runners, mean age 39.8 years and a body mass index of 25.4 were included in the study and were followed for 9 weeks during the training program. Intervention The occurrence of a running related injury in a 9 week training program. Main outcome measurement A running related injury. Results The incidence of running related injuries was 20.4%. Injured runners showed higher values on the active force peak (2.24 BW vs 2.11 BW) and higher values on the loading rate (92.5 BW/s vs 86.4 BW/s) compared to the non-injured runners. These differences however were not significant. Conclusion This study showed no significant differences in kinetic variables between injured and non-injured novice recreational runners during a 9 week training program.
Natural Cytotoxicity of Mouse, Rat, and Human Lymphocytes Against Heterologous Target Cells
Authors: M E Nunn, R B Herberman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity by a particular subpopulation of lymphocytes [designated natural killer (NK) cells] in NIH Swiss nude and CBA/N mice, WF rats, and humans was demonstrated against tumor cells in 4-hour 51Cr release assays. In most studies, only reactivity against target cells of the homologous species was examined. In the present studies, mouse NK activity also was found against a rat lymphoma tissue culture cell line and against human tissue culture lines. Rat NK cells reacted not only against syngeneic tumor cells but also against heterologous tumor cell lines. In contrast to the heterologous NK activity in rodents, no significant NK activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes against heterologous targets was found in the present studies. In mice and rats the effector cells that mediated the cytotoxicity against heterologous target cells were indistinguishable from NK cells, the effector cells being nonadherent and nonphagocytic. In addition, the mouse effector cells for heterologous activity as well as mouse NK cells were sensitive to repeated treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum plus complement. The specificities of these reactions were indicated by a cold target inhibition assay. The results indicated a sharing of specificities between homologous and heterologous tumor cells recognized by mouse and rat NK cells. In contrast, only the human cell lines were able to appreciably inhibit the cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in a murine acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection model induced by hydrodynamics-based in vivo transfection of HBV-DNA
Authors: Wen-Wei Chang, Ih-Jen Su, Ming-Derg Lai, Wen-Tsan Chang, Wenya Huang, Huan-Yao Lei
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Relational priming: Obligational nitpicking
Authors: Varol Akman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract According to the target article authors, initial experience with a circumstance primes a relation that can subsequently be applied to a different circumstance to draw an analogy. While I broadly agree with their claim about the role of relational priming in early analogical reasoning, I put forward a few concerns that may be worthy of further reflection.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Human Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Matilde Masini, Daniela Campani, Ugo Boggi, Michele Menicagli, Nicola Funel, Maria Pollera, Roberto Lupi, Silvia Del Guerra, Marco Bugliani, Scilla Torri, Stefano Del Prato, Franco Mosca, Franco Filipponi, Piero Marchetti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Many patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) develop type 2 diabetes (1). This prevalence is much higher than that observed in the general population and in patients with other chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B virus, alcoholic liver disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Furthermore, it has been shown that post-transplantation type 2 diabetes appears to be higher among patients with HCV (2). However, the pathogenetic basis for the association between HCV infection and diabetes has not been understood. A direct involvement of the virus in the development of insulin resistance has been proposed, and β-cell dysfunction in HCV-positive patients has been observed in some cases (1). Because HCV can infect many tissues other than the liver (3), we hypothesized that the virus might directly damage insulin-secreting cells. This article suggests that HCV may be present in human pancreatic β-cells and demonstrates that islet cells from HCV-positive patients have morphological and functional defects.

The pancreases of 5 HCV-positive (age 68 ± 9 years, 3 …
IL-15 trans-presentation by pulmonary dendritic cells promotes effector CD8 T cell survival during influenza virus infection
Authors: Jodi McGill, Nico Van Rooijen, Kevin L. Legge
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

We have recently demonstrated that peripheral CD8 T cells require two separate activation hits to accumulate to high numbers in the lungs after influenza virus infection: a primary interaction with mature, antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) in the lymph node, and a second, previously unrecognized interaction with MHC I-viral antigen-bearing pulmonary DCs in the lungs. We demonstrate that in the absence of lung-resident DC subsets, virus-specific CD8 T cells undergo significantly increased levels of apoptosis in the lungs; however, reconstitution with pulmonary plasmacytoid DCs and CD8alpha(+) DCs promotes increased T cell survival and accumulation in the lungs. Further, our results show that the absence of DCs after influenza virus infection results in significantly reduced levels of IL-15 in the lungs and that pulmonary DC-mediated rescue of virus-specific CD8 T cell responses in the lungs requires trans-presentation of IL-15 via DC-expressed IL-15Ralpha. This study demonstrates a key, novel requirement for DC trans-presented IL-15 in promoting effector CD8 T cell survival in the respiratory tract after virus infection, and suggests that this trans-presentation could be an important target for the development of unique antiviral therapies and more effective vaccine strategies.