tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uptake of infarct-imaging agents in reversibly and irreversibly injured myocardium in cultured fetal mouse heart.
Authors: H R Schelbert, J S Ingwall, H D Sybers, W L Ashburn
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

We studied the specificity of uptake of infarct-imaging agents for reversibly or irreversibly injured myocardium independently of blood flow by using intact beating fetal mouse hearts in organ culture. Reversible injury resulted from deprivation of oxygen and glucose for 4 hours at 37 degrees C; irreversible injury, from similar deprivation at 42 degrees C. At the end of the insult, uptake of 99mTc(Sc)-labeled pyrophosphate, glucoheptonate, or tetracycline was markedly increased in irreversibly damaged and, to a lesser degree, in reversibly injured hearts. After 24 hours of recovery, necrotic hearts accumulated even more pyrophosphate and tatracycline but less glucoheptonate. Uptake of radioiodinated tetracycline increased only in irreversibly injured hearts. Pyrophosphate uptake was not reduced in hearts cultured in calcium-free medium. These finding suggest that 99mTc(Sn)-labeled pyrophosphate, tetracycline, and glucoheptonate preferentially localize in irreversibly damaged myocardium; the 99mTc(Sn) complex modifies the specificity of uptake; and the uptake of 99mTc(Sn)-pyrophosphate appears unrelated to calcium uptake.
Adult Outcomes of Youth Irritability: A 20-Year Prospective Community-Based Study
Authors: Argyris Stringaris, Patricia Cohen, Daniel S. Pine, Ellen Leibenluft
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Irritability is a widely occurring DSM-IV symptom in youths. However, little is known about the relationship between irritability in early life and its outcomes in mid-adulthood. This study examines the extent to which youth irritability is related to adult psychiatric outcomes by testing the hypothesis that it predicts depressive and generalized anxiety disorders.
Tbx3 Is a Downstream Target of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and a Critical Mediator of β-Catenin Survival Functions in Liver Cancer
Authors: Claire-Angélique Renard, Charlotte Labalette, Carolina Armengol, Delphine Cougot, Yu Wei, Stefano Cairo, Pascal Pineau, Christine Neuveut, Aurélien de Reyniès, Anne Dejean, Christine Perret, Marie-Annick Buendia
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Tbx3 encodes a transcriptional repressor that is important for diverse patterning events during development, and Tbx3 mutation in humans causes the ulnar-mammary syndrome. Here, we describe the identification of Tbx3 in array-based search for genes downstream Wnt/β-catenin that are implicated in liver tumorigenesis. Overexpression of Tbx3 is closely associated with the mutational status of β-catenin in murine liver tumors induced by Myc as well as in human hepatocellular carcinomas and hepatoblastomas. Moreover, Tbx3 transcription is activated by ectopic expression of β-catenin in mouse liver and in human tumor cell lines. Evidence that Tbx3 transcription is directly regulated by β-catenin is provided by chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays. Although HepG2 cells stably transfected with Tbx3 display moderately enhanced growth rate, the dominant negative mutant Tbx3-Y149S drastically inhibits hepatoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) directed against Tbx3 inhibit anchorage-independent growth of liver and colon carcinoma cells. We further show that inhibition of Tbx3 expression by specific siRNAs blocks β-catenin–mediated cell survival and renders cells sensitive to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Conversely, ectopic expression of Tbx3 inhibits apoptosis induced by β-catenin depletion. Marked overexpression of Tbx3 in a subset of hepatoblastomas is associated with chemotherapy-resistant phenotype and unfavorable patient outcome. These results reveal an unsuspected role of Tbx3 as a mediator of β-catenin activities on cell proliferation and survival and as an important player in liver tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):901–10]
Long term predictive values of cytology and human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening: joint European cohort study
Authors: J. Dillner, M. Rebolj, P. Birembaut, K.-U. Petry, A. Szarewski, C. Munk, S. de Sanjose, P. Naucler, B. Lloveras, S. Kjaer, J. Cuzick, M. van Ballegooijen, C. Clavel, T. Iftner
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To obtain large scale and generalisable data on the long term predictive value of cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cancer (CIN3+). <b>Design</b> Multinational cohort study with joint database analysis. <b>Setting</b> Seven primary HPV screening studies in six European countries. <b>Participants</b> 24 295 women attending cervical screening enrolled into HPV screening trials who had at least one cervical cytology or histopathology examination during follow-up. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Long term cumulative incidence of CIN3+. <b>Results</b> The cumulative incidence rate of CIN3+ after six years was considerably lower among women negative for HPV at baseline (0.27%, 95% confidence interval 0.12% to 0.45%) than among women with negative results on cytology (0.97%, 0.53% to 1.34%)). By comparison, the cumulative incidence rate for women with negative cytology results at the most commonly recommended screening interval in Europe (three years) was 0.51% (0.23% to 0.77%). The cumulative incidence rate among women with negative cytology results who were positive for HPV increased continuously over time, reaching 10% at six years, whereas the rate among women with positive cytology results who were negative for HPV remained below 3%. <b>Conclusions</b> A consistently low six year cumulative incidence rate of CIN3+ among women negative for HPV suggests that cervical screening strategies in which women are screened for HPV every six years are safe and effective.
To Whom Do Psychiatrists Offer Smoking-Cessation Counseling?
Authors: Seth Himelhoch, Gail Daumit
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Individuals with mental illness have high rates of tobacco dependence; however, little is known about what influences a psychiatrist's decision to offer smoking-cessation counseling to smoking patients.Using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, the authors identified 1,610 psychiatric office visits for patients who smoke. They investigated the relationship between patient and visit characteristics and smoking-cessation counseling with logistic regression.Psychiatrists offered cessation counseling at 12.4% of the visits for smoking patients. The adjusted probability of receiving smoking-cessation counseling was significantly higher for those older than 50; for those with a medical diagnosis of obesity, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus; for those in a rural location; and for those having an initial visit. Those with bipolar affective disorder were more likely to receive smoking-cessation counseling than those with depression.Psychiatrists may be missing opportunities to offer smoking-cessation counseling to patients who smoke.
Could Medicare Readmission Policy Exacerbate Health Care System Inequity?
Authors: Rohit Bhalla
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services recently started publicly reporting hospital readmission rates. Health care reform proposals include readmission provisions as vehicles to promote care coordination and achieve savings. Current approaches ascribe variability in hospital readmission primarily to differences in patient medical risk and hospital performance. These approaches do not adequately account for the effect of patient sociodemographic and community factors that influence health care utilization and outcomes. The evidence base on cost-effective and generalizable care management techniques to reduce readmission is still evolving. Although readmission-related policies may prove to be a transformational force in health care reform, their incorrect application in facilities serving vulnerable communities may increase health care system inequity. Policy options can mitigate this potential.
DOPPLER UTEROPLACENTAL WAVEFORMS
Authors: J.Malcolm Pearce, Peter Mcparland, Stuart Campbell, Sanjay Vyas, Susan Bewley, Fiona Fairlie, JamesJ Walker, AlanM Mathers, AlanD Cameron, KevinP Hanretty, MartinJ Whittle, PeterC Rubin
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Psychotic Symptoms in an Urban General Medicine Practice
Authors: Mark Olfson, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Myrna M. Weissman, Adriana Feder, Marc J. Gameroff, Daniel Pilowsky, Milton Fuentes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The authors’ goals were to estimate the prevalence of psychotic symptoms among adults attending an urban general medical practice that serves a low-income population and to describe the mental health, social and occupational functioning, and mental health treatment of these patients. METHOD: Data were drawn from a recent study of adult primary care patients (N=1,005) in a large, urban, university-affiliated general medicine practice. During a medical visit, patients completed the psychotic disorders section of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders, a drug use disorders screen, the Sheehan Disability Scale, and a questionnaire that probed demographic characteristics, health status, and mental health treatment. RESULTS: Two hundred ten (20.9%) patients reported one or more psychotic symptoms, most commonly auditory hallucinations. There was an inverse correlation between family income and the prevalence of psychotic symptoms and a positive association between prevalence and Hispanic ethnicity. Compared with patients without psychotic symptoms, patients with psychotic symptoms were significantly more likely to have major depression (42.4% versus 12.6%), panic disorder (24.8% versus 4.0%), generalized anxiety disorder (38.6% versus 8.4%), and alcohol use disorder (12.9% versus 5.0%). They were also more likely to report current suicidal ideation (20.0% versus 3.5%), recent work loss (55.0% versus 35.6%), and marital distress (28.6% versus 13.0%). Approximately one-half of the patients with psychotic symptoms (47.6%) had taken a prescribed psychotropic medication during the last month. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotic symptoms were highly prevalent in this primary care practice. These patients were at risk for several common mental disorders and often reported impaired work and social functioning. Future research should clarify the extent to which psychotic symptom reports among Hispanic patients are affected by culturally patterned idioms of distress. Clinicians who work in primary care practices that serve low-income patient populations should routinely inquire about psychotic symptoms.
Optimizing Therapy in the Diabetic Patient with Renal Disease
Authors: Giacomo Deferrari, Maura Ravera, Valeria Berruti, Giovanna Leoncini, Luca Deferrari
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

ABSTRACT. Hypertension, impaired renal function, and proteinuria are commonly associated to the presence of diabetes. They play a major role in the development of cardiovascular and renal damage. Effective antihypertensive treatment reduces the progression of diabetic nephropathy and improves cardiovascular prognosis. Accordingly, tight BP control (&lt;130/80 mmHg) is currently recommended in diabetic patients. Achieving BP targets represents the most important determinant of cardiovascular and renal protection. However, it has been suggested that specific classes of antihypertensive drugs may exert additional organ protection beyond their BP control. The pharmacologic blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has been shown to convey greater renal and cardiovascular protection compared with other classes of drugs. In particular, studies focusing on renal end point suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are the first-choice drugs in type 1 diabetes. Both ACEI and angiotensin II receptor blockers prevent the progression from microalbuminuria to clinical proteinuria in type 2 diabetes, but angiotensin blockers provide better renoprotection in patients with overt nephropathy. Regarding cardiovascular protection, several studies (but not all) have shown that ACEI exert a protective effect on diabetic patients. Recently, interesting results in favor of angiotensin receptor blockers have been reported in the IDNT, RENAAL, and LIFE studies. It should be noted that to achieve maximal renal and cardiovascular protection, most diabetic patients require integrated therapeutic intervention, including not only several antihypertensive drugs, but statins and antiplatelet therapy as well.
A case of aggressive bullous pemphigoid associated with the defective functional variant of Fc gamma receptor IIb: Implications for pathogenesis?
Authors: Antonio Guilabert, Francisco Lozano, Pilar Iranzo, Belén Suárez-Casasús, Isabel Martinez-De Pablo, Marc Julià, Jose Manuel Mascaró
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Prospective Analysis of Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Colorectal Cancer Risk Associated with β-Catenin (CTNNB1) Status
Authors: Teppei Morikawa, Aya Kuchiba, Paul Lochhead, Reiko Nishihara, Mai Yamauchi, Yu Imamura, Xiaoyun Liao, Zhi Rong Qian, Kimmie Ng, Andrew T. Chan, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Edward Giovannucci, Charles S. Fuchs, Shuji Ogino
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Dysregulation of the WNT/β-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling pathway is implicated in colorectal carcinoma and metabolic diseases. Considering these roles and cancer prevention, we hypothesized that tumor CTNNB1 status might influence cellular sensitivity to obesity and physical activity. In clinical follow-up of 109,046 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 47,684 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, there were 861 incident rectal and colon cancers with tissue immunohistochemistry data on nuclear CTNNB1 expression. Using this molecular pathological epidemiology database, we conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using data duplication method to assess differential associations of body mass index (BMI) or exercise activity with colorectal cancer risk according to tumor CTNNB1 status. Greater BMI was associated with a significantly higher risk of CTNNB1-negative cancer [multivariate HR = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18-1.53 for 5.0 kg/m(2) increment; Ptrend = 0.0001] but not with CTNNB1-positive cancer risk (multivariate HR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92-1.25 for 5.0 kg/m(2) increment; Ptrend = 0.36; Pheterogeneity = 0.027, between CTNNB1-negative and CTNNB1-positive cancer risks). Physical activity level was associated with a lower risk of CTNNB1-negative cancer (multivariate HR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-1.00 for 10 MET-h/wk increment; Ptrend = 0.044) but not with CTNNB1-positive cancer risk (multivariate HR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91-1.05 for 10 MET-h/wk increment; Ptrend = 0.60). Our findings argue that obesity and physical inactivity are associated with a higher risk of CTNNB1-negative colorectal cancer but not with CTNNB1-positive cancer risk. Furthermore, they suggest that energy balance and metabolism status exerts its effect in a specific carcinogenesis pathway that is less likely dependent on WNT/CTNNB1 activation. Cancer Res; 73(5); 1600-10. ©2012 AACR.
Myofibroblast proliferation, fibrosis, and defective pancreatic repair induced by cyclosporin in rats
Authors: E Vaquero, X Molero, X Tian, A Salas, J-R Malagelada
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND Full recovery is always achieved after caerulein induced pancreatitis. Cyclosporin stimulates transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and may interfere with pancreatic regeneration. AIM To investigate the effects of cyclosporin after caerulein induced pancreatitis or after caerulein injury. METHODS Protocol A: rats received cyclosporin daily (20 mg/kg) and caerulein pancreatitis was induced on days 2 and 8. Protocol B: six courses of caerulein pancreatitis were induced at weekly intervals. Cyclosporin was administered on induction and the day before. Rats recovered for two weeks before being killed. Control groups received saline, cyclosporin, or caerulein alone. RESULTS Protocol A: plasma TGF-β1 and tissue collagenase rose after pancreatitis but decreased towards baseline values on day 15, matching a low collagen content. Morphology disclosed minimal inflammatory infiltration and some interstitial cells immunoreactive for smooth muscle α-actin (SMA). TGF-β1 increased, and remained high in cyclosporin treated groups (cyclosporin alone and cyclosporin plus caerulein). Rats treated with cyclosporin and caerulein showed severe pancreatic weight reduction, abundant inflammatory infiltrates, increased SMA immunoreactive interstitial cells, high collagen content, and delayed collagenase response. No SMA immunoreactive cells were detected in normal rats. Cyclosporin alone also increased SMA immunoreactive cells, despite the absence of inflammatory infiltration and fairly conserved pancreatic structure. Protocol B: the combined pulse treatment induced appreciable collagen deposition and resulted in a smaller pancreas than controls. Morphological examination showed atrophy, fibrosis, fibroblast proliferation, and mononuclear infiltrates. CONCLUSION Cyclosporin greatly distorts pancreatic repair, transforming caerulein induced pancreatitis into a fibrotic chronic-like disease. The mechanism involves TGF-β, myofibroblasts, and defective collagenase activation.
Increased oxidoreduction of deoxycholic acid in cholecystectomised patients.
Authors: K Einarsson, K Nilsell, I Bjorkhem
Journal: Gut (1989)

The extent of oxidoreduction of deoxycholic acid in the enterohepatic circulation was studied in seven healthy subjects and seven patients after cholecystectomy. (12 beta-3H) Deoxycholic acid was given orally together with (24-14C) labelled bile acid. The rate of oxidoreduction of the 12 alpha-hydroxyl group of deoxycholic acid was calculated from the decay in ratio between 3H and 14C. In spite of a normal proportion of deoxycholic acid and other secondary bile acids in bile, patients after cholecystectomy had more than two-fold higher degree of oxidoreduction of the 12 alpha-hydroxyl group than healthy controls. The high extent of oxidoreduction is probably because of an increased exposure of the bile acid pool to intestinal bacteria and may have physiological implications.
Three deadly sins of category learning modelers
Authors: Bradley C. Love
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Tenenbaum and Griffiths's article continues three disturbing trends that typify category learning modeling: (1) modelers tend to focus on a single induction task; (2) the drive to create models that are formally elegant has resulted in a gross simplification of the phenomena of interest; (3) related research is generally ignored when doing so is expedient. [Tenenbaum &amp; Griffiths]
Burkholderia cenocepacia and Burkholderia multivorans: influence on survival in cystic fibrosis
Authors: A M Jones
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Burkholderia cepacia infection has been associated with a poor prognosis for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). It is now recognised that organisms classified as B cepacia comprise a number of distinct genomic species each known as a genomovar of the B cepacia complex (BCC). The outcome of infection for CF patients with individual genomovars is unknown. The clinical outcome of infection with the two most commonly isolated genomovars (B cenocepacia and B multivorans) was studied at a specialist CF centre between 1982 and 2003.The numbers of patients who progressed from initial to chronic infection were assessed. Control groups were created by matching patients with chronic BCC infection by percentage forced expiratory volume in 1 second with patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Outcome measures were survival time, deaths from "cepacia syndrome", rate of decline in spirometry and body mass index (BMI), and treatment requirements.Forty nine patients had an initial infection with either B multivorans (n = 16) or B cenocepacia (n = 33); 8/16 and 31/33, respectively, developed chronic infection (p<0.001). Deaths from "cepacia syndrome" occurred in both BCC groups. Patients with B cenocepacia infection had a shorter survival than patients with P aeruginosa infection (p = 0.01). There was no difference in survival between CF patients infected with B multivorans and P aeruginosa. There were no observed differences in changes in spirometry and BMI or treatment requirements between the BCC groups and respective controls.In CF, the genomovar status of BCC may influence both the likelihood of progression from initial to chronic infection and the overall survival of the patients.
Reducing Delay in Seeking Treatment by Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stroke
Authors: Debra K. Moser, Laura P. Kimble, Mark J. Alberts, Angelo Alonzo, Janet B. Croft, Kathleen Dracup, Kelly R. Evenson, Alan S. Go, Mary M. Hand, Rashmi U. Kothari, George A. Mensah, Dexter L. Morris, Arthur M. Pancioli, Barbara Riegel, Julie Johnson Zerwic
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Patient delay in seeking treatment for acute coronary syndrome and stroke symptoms is the major factor limiting delivery of definitive treatment in these conditions. Despite decades of research and public education campaigns aimed at decreasing patient delay times, most patients still do not seek treatment in a timely manner. In this scientific statement, we summarize the evidence that (1) demonstrates the benefits of early treatment, (2) describes the extent of the problem of patient delay, (3) identifies the factors related to patient delay in seeking timely treatment, and (4) reveals the inadequacies of our current approaches to decreasing patient delay. Finally, we offer suggestions for clinical practice and future research.
Children who wheeze with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the first year of life are more likely to have a food sensitization
Authors: E.L. Anderson, Z. Li, K.A. Roberg, C.J. Tisler, D.F. DaSilva, L.E. Pleiss, K.T. Sullivan Dillie, T.E. Pappas, R.E. Gangnon, J.E. Gern, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
T Cell Receptor (TCR) Antagonism without a Negative Signal: Evidence from T Cell Hybridomas Expressing Two Independent TCRs
Authors: Sabine H. Stotz, Luca Bolliger, Francis R. Carbone, Ed Palmer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Antagonist peptides inhibit T cell responses by an unknown mechanism. By coexpressing two independent T cell receptors (TCRs) on a single T cell hybridoma, we addressed the question of whether antagonist ligands induce a dominant-negative signal that inhibits the function of a second, independent TCR. The two receptors, Vα2Vβ5 and Vα2Vβ10, restricted by H-2Kb and specific for the octameric peptides SIINFEKL and SSIEFARL, respectively, were coexpressed on the same cell. Agonist stimulation demonstrated that the two receptors behaved independently with regard to antigen-induced TCR downregulation and intracellular biochemical signaling. The exposure of one TCR (Vα2Vβ5) to antagonist peptides could not inhibit a second independent TCR (Vα2Vβ10) from responding to its antigen. Thus, our data clearly demonstrate that these antagonist ligands do not generate a dominant-negative signal which affects the responsiveness of the entire cell. In addition, a kinetic analysis showed that even 12 h after engagement with their cognate antigen and 10 h after reaching a steady-state of TCR internalization, T cells were fully inhibited by the addition of antagonist peptides. The window of susceptibility to antagonist ligands correlated exactly with the time required for the responding T cells to commit to interleukin 2 production. The data support a model where antagonist ligands can competitively inhibit antigenic peptides from productively engaging the TCR. This competitive inhibition is effective during the entire commitment period, where sustained TCR engagement is essential for full T cell activation.