tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OP0103 Risk of end-stage renal disease associated with gout: A nationwide population study
Authors: C.-F. Kuo, K.-H. Yu, S.-F. Luo, L.-C. See
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Background Traditionally, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension have been considered the most important risk factors for CKD. Since gout frequently coexists with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, it is often overlooked as a genuine risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and subsequent end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Objectives To determine whether gout is an independent risk factor for ESRD by analyzing the data obtained for a representative cohort of the general population in Taiwan. Methods The primary database used was the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Dataset. Subjects older than 20 years without ESRD, coronary heart disease, or stroke were included in the study. The case definition of gout in the present study was gout diagnosis and medical treatment for gout. An ESRD case was defined by the presence of chronic renal failure necessitating long-term renal replacement therapy. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the risk of ESRD among gout patients. Results The analysis included data of 656,108 patients who were followed up for a mean of 8.0 years. Among them, 19,963 (3.0%) patients had gout. There were 2,377 (gout, n=276; non-gout, n=2,101) had ESRD, and 861 (gout, n=77, 27.9%; non-gout, n=521, 24.8%) died due to ESRD. The incidence of ESRD was 1.73 and 0.41 cases per 1000 patient-years in the gout and non-gout groups. As shown in [Table 1][1], gout was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.57 for ESRD (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–1.79; p <0.001), after adjustment for age, sex, and history of diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension. We also explored the association between gout and ESRD in 3 age groups (20–44 years, 45–59 years, and ≥60 years). Risk for ESRD in gout patients was higher among older subjects. For those aged 20 to 44 years, gout was not independently associated with ESRD, after adjustment for age, sex, DM and/or hypertension. However, gout was associated with HRs of 1.41 and 1.58 for ESRD in patients aged 45–59 years and ≥60 years ([Table 2][2]). In patients with ESRD, the adjusted HR for death in patients with gout was 0.95 (0.74–1.23, p=0.71), which was similar to the HR obtained in patients without gout. View this table: Table 1. The association between gout and the occurrence of ESRD View this table: Table 2. Risk for end-stage renal disease among gout patients, stratified by age group Conclusions Gout is a risk factor for developing ESRD, independent of DM and hypertension. Disclosure of Interest None Declared [1]: #T1 [2]: #T2
Sharing clinical trial data
Authors: Darren B Taichman, Joyce Backus, Christopher Baethge, Howard Bauchner, Peter W de Leeuw, Jeffrey M Drazen, John Fletcher, Frank A Frizelle, Trish Groves, Abraham Haileamlak, Astrid James, Christine Laine, Larry Peiperl, Anja Pinborg, Peush Sahni, Sinan Wu
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A proposal from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors

The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) believes that there is an ethical obligation to responsibly share data generated by interventional clinical trials because participants have put themselves at risk. In a growing consensus, many funders around the world—foundations, government agencies, and industry—now mandate data sharing. Here we outline ICMJE’s proposed requirements to help meet this obligation. We encourage feedback on the proposed requirements. Anyone can provide feedback at www.icmje.org by 18 April 2016.

ICMJE defines a clinical trial as any research project that prospectively assigns people or a group of people to an intervention, with or without concurrent comparison or control groups, to study the cause and effect relationship between a health related intervention and a health outcome. Further details may be found in the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals at www.icmje.org.

As a condition of consideration for publication of a clinical trial report in our member journals, ICMJE proposes to require authors to share with others the deidentified individual patient data (IPD) underlying the results presented in the article (including tables, figures, and appendices or supplementary material) no later than six months after publication. The data underlying the results are defined as the IPD required to reproduce the article’s findings, including necessary metadata. This requirement will go into effect for clinical trials that begin to enroll participants beginning one year after ICMJE adopts its data sharing requirements.

Enabling responsible data sharing is a major endeavor that will affect the fabric of how clinical …
Abstract 2156: Integration of whole genome exon array and array CGH analysis in gastric and colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Kazuyuki Furuta, Tokuzo Arao, Kazuko Sakai, Tomoyuki Nagai, Daisuke Tamura, Keiichi Aomatsu, Kanae Kudo, Hiroyasu Kaneda, Yoshihiko Fujita, Kazuko Matsumoto, Yasuhide Yamada, Kazuyoshi Yanagihara, Masaru Sekijima, Kazuto Nishio
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Alternative splicing is a major source of protein diversity and cancer is driven by mutations in genes that control the proliferation of cells. The specific exon abnormality may contribute to the etiology of cancer and may provide selective drug targets. However, most studies of alternative splicing in human disease have used a targeted approach and focused on individual genes among whole genome. In this study, we evaluated an integrated approach of whole genome scale exon array and SNP array to detect cancer-associated alternative splicing, especially focusing on the protein kinase family. We investigated exon-level expression profiling against 22 gastric and colorectal cancer cell lines using Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis using high-density SNP Array (Affymetrix 250K Nsp /SNP6.0 Array) was also performed to explore genomic amplification/deletion. Several candidate alternative splicing or abnormalities of specific exon expression were detected in cancer-associated genes which detected genomic amplification/deletion frequently; exampling FGFR2, CDKN2A, and CDH13. We found the gene amplification of FGFR2 with C-terminus truncation. We also detected the existence of short CDH13 transcript resulted from small genomic deletion including consecutive 3 exons. In addition, exon-level expression pattern was compared between gastric and colorectal cancer cell lines. In conclusion, integration of whole genome exon array analysis and array CGH analysis may be a promising approach to explore the alternative exon abnormalities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2156.
The Conundrum of Genetic “Drivers” in Benign Conditions
Authors: Shumei Kato, Scott M. Lippman, Keith T. Flaherty, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2016)

Advances in deep genomic sequencing have identified a spectrum of cancer-specific passenger and driver aberrations. Clones with driver anomalies are believed to be positively selected during carcinogenesis. Accumulating evidence, however, shows that genomic alterations, such as those in BRAF, RAS, EGFR, HER2, FGFR3, PIK3CA, TP53, CDKN2A, and NF1/2, all of which are considered hallmark drivers of specific cancers, can also be identified in benign and premalignant conditions, occasionally at frequencies higher than in their malignant counterparts. Targeting these genomic drivers can produce dramatic responses in advanced cancer, but the effects on their benign counterparts are less clear. This benign-malignant phenomenon is well illustrated in studies of BRAF V600E mutations, which are paradoxically more frequent in benign nevi (∼80%) than in dysplastic nevi (∼60%) or melanoma (∼40%-45%). Similarly, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 is more commonly overexpressed in ductal carcinoma in situ (∼27%-56%) when compared with invasive breast cancer (∼11%-20%). FGFR3 mutations in bladder cancer also decrease with tumor grade (low-grade tumors, ∼61%; high-grade, ∼11%). "Driver" mutations also occur in nonmalignant settings: TP53 mutations in synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis and FGFR3 mutations in seborrheic keratosis. The latter observations suggest that the oncogenicity of these alterations may be tissue context–dependent. The conversion of benign conditions to premalignant disease may involve other genetic events and/or epigenetic reprogramming. Putative driver mutations can also be germline and associated with increased cancer risk (eg, germline RAS or TP53 alterations), but germline FGFR3 or NF2 abnormalities do not predispose to malignancy. We discuss the enigma of genetic "drivers" in benign and premalignant conditions and the implications for prevention strategies and theories of tumorigenesis.
OC-043 How Commonly Is Colorectal Cancer Later Diagnosed Following A Colonoscopy That Does Not Report Colorectal Cancer (an Analysis Of 11 Years Of National Data In England)?
Authors: D Cheung, F Evison, P Patel, N Trudgill
Journal: Gut (2014)

Background: Detection of BHR with methacholine or mannitol have been highly sensitive tests to identify asthma diagnosis. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the diagnostic validity of the two bronchial challenges and their correlation with symptoms, atopy and inflammatory markers. Methods: Eighty-eight patients, 47 women and 41 men, aged 14-75 years who presented with asthma related symptoms and were not on any anti-asthma medication, were challenged with mannitol and methacholine. Medical history, physical examination, skin prick tests, Asthma Control Test (ACT) and FeNO levels were also assessed. The clinical diagnosis of asthma was based on bronchodilator reversibility test. Results: Sixty seven patients were diagnosed with asthma and 21 without asthma. Both methacholine (p&lt;0,014) and mannitol (p&lt;0.000) challenges were significant in diagnosing asthma. The sensitivity/specificity was 62,68%/85,71% for methacholine, 64,17%/95,23% for mannitol and 64,70%/93,75% for both methods together, whereas the positive/negative predictive value was 93,33%/41.86%, 97,72%/45,45% and 97,05%/45,45%, respectively. There was a negative correlation between PC20 of methacholine and the FeNO level p&lt;0,001, and positive with the PD15 of mannitol p&lt;0,001 and the pre-test FEV1% pred p&lt;0,005, whereas PD15 of mannitol was negatively correlated with the FeNO level p&lt;0,001. Furthermore, dyspnoea was the only asthmatic symptom associated with FeNO level p&lt;0,035 and the positivity of mannitol p&lt;0,014 and methacholine p&lt;0,04. Conclusions: Both provocation methods were equivalent in diagnosing asthma, although sensitivity/specificity values appeared to be slightly higher in mannitol challenge.
DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO LEFT ATRIAL VOLUME INDEXATION AND RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND DEATH IN A POPULATION WITH HIGH PREVALENCE OF OBESITY: THE STRONG HEART STUDY
Authors: Maria G. Karas, Shuo Xu, Abdissa Negassa, Elisa Lee, Lyle Best, Dedra Buchwald, Barbara Howard, Mary Roman, Richard Devereux, Jorge Kizer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
A system for automated outbreak detection of communicable diseases in Germany
Authors: Maëlle Salmon, Dirk Schumacher, Hendrik Burmann, Christina Frank, Hermann Claus, Michael Höhle
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

We describe the design and implementation of a novel automated outbreak detection system in Germany that monitors the routinely collected surveillance data for communicable diseases. Detecting unusually high case counts as early as possible is crucial as an accumulation may indicate an ongoing outbreak. The detection in our system is based on state-of-the-art statistical procedures conducting the necessary data mining task. In addition, we have developed effective methods to improve the presentation of the results of such algorithms to epidemiologists and other system users. The objective was to effectively integrate automatic outbreak detection into the epidemiological workflow of a public health institution. Since 2013, the system has been in routine use at the German Robert Koch Institute.
ET-47 * TRIFLOUROPROMAZINE, AN APPROVED ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG, ENHANCES TUMOR TREATING FIELDS TREATMENT EFFICACY IN VITRO
Authors: Y. Porat, M. Giladi, R. Schneiderman, M. Munster, R. Blatt, U. Weinberg, E. Kirson, Y. Palti
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are low intensity, intermediate frequency alternating electric fields that disrupt proper spindle microtubules arrangement thus leading to mitotic arrest and subsequent cancer cell death. TTFields treated cells could escape cell death by exiting mitosis and entering interphase without chromosome segregation or cell division, a process also known as mitotic slippage. Triflouropromazine (TFP) is a clinically approved antipsychotic drug of the phenothiazine class that was recently reported to display anti slippage properties. The aim of this work is to determine whether TFP could increase TTFields efficacy based on its anti slippage properties. For this purpose, cell survival, volume and clonogenic potential of human glioblastoma (U87, U118) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) cell lines were assessed following treatment with TTFields (3 V/cm) with cell line specific optimal frequency, with or without TFP. The percentage of cells that underwent mitotic slippage was determined using immunofluorescence imaging. TTFields as single application lead to a significant decrease in cell counts (26-44% reduction of control) and to cell volume increase (113-127% of control) in all cell lines. While TFP treatment as single agent had no effect on cell growth or cell volume, the combined treatment of TTFields and TFP resulted in an additional decrease in cell counts (31-58% reduction of control), further increase in cell volume (122-162% of control) and a reduced clonogenic potential. Immunofluorescence images of cells treated with TTFields demonstrated a significant increase in the number of cells that underwent slippage as compared to control cells or cells treated with TFP. Surprisingly, cells treated with TTFields and TFP demonstrated no decrease in the number of cells that underwent slippage. These results suggest that TFP enhances TTFields efficacy not by the inhibition of mitotic slippage. Further studies are underway in order to reveal the mechanism underlying the enhanced effect.
Sixty seconds on . . . the war on drugs
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Indeed. It might not be up there with the Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years’ War just yet, but the US led battle against the illegal drugs trade, first waged by President Richard Nixon in the 1970s, still rages after almost 50 years.

In short, no. A new report from the Johns Hopkins-Lancet Commission on Public Health and International Drug Policy argues that the draconian laws and zero tolerance …
THU0535 Significantly Better Patient-Reported Outcomes in Women with Early Inflammatory Arthritis Using Oral Contraceptives Compared to Never Users
Authors: G. Westhoff, J. Callhoff, G. Schett, A. Zink
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Data on the effects of oral contraceptives (OC) on the course of inflammatory arthritis (IA) are controversial. While some observations suggested a beneficial effect on disease activity, others did not. However, a recent analysis of data from the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) showed that the use of OC at symptom onset, and even years before, is associated with beneficial functional outcomes. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the association between the use of OC and arthritis outcomes in women with early IA within the first 12 months of rheumatologic care. <h3>Methods</h3> 311 women with early IA (&lt;6 months), who were 18 - 55 years old and did not use hormone replacement therapy, were followed with respect to acute phase reactants (CRP, ESR), swollen and tender joint counts (S/TJC28), duration of morning stiffness and physician-reported global health (GH 0-10), as well as to the patient-reported dimensions pain, morning stiffness, fatigue, global health (VAS 0-10), functional capacity (FFbH 0-100), and the sum score of the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Measurement (PHQ9, 0-27). The use of OC was reported as never, past or currently. Outcomes were adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), number of children and years of education by generalized linear models. <h3>Results</h3> Women were 44 ±9 years old and had symptom duration of 12 ±7 weeks at study entry. At baseline, 61% fulfilled the new RA classification criteria and 82% were clinically diagnosed with RA at 12 months. 85% took DMARDs at that point in time. 22% had never used OC (mean age 45), 57% had used them in the past (mean age 47) and 21% used them currently (mean age 35 years). The mean intake lasted 14 ±8 years in past and 16 ±8 years in current users. The current use of OC was at no time associated with acute phase reactants, joint counts, duration of morning stiffness or antirheumatic therapies. It was, however, significantly associated with almost all considered patient-reported outcomes (PROs) (Table). The effect of OC on PROs was, notably, almost the same in past and current users, although the past users were older and might not have used OC for several years before arthritis onset. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings are in accordance with former observations that the use of OC has a beneficial effect on IA symptoms. They confirm the NOAR data that women with past or current OC use have better functional outcomes without having less signs of inflammation. Our data suggest that the 'stimulating hormone estrogen' may affect <i>catabolic</i> or <i>anabolic</i> bioenergetic processes, resulting in less fatigue, and a better function in daily life, without affecting inflammation itself. The long-lasting effect of previous OC use needs to be explained. The use of hormones should be routinely reported in studies observing inflammatory arthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR THE EVALUATION OF HOLE PARALLELISM IN COLLIMATORS USED FOR SPECT.
Authors: G. Lamoureux, J. Verba, S. E. Halpern, U. de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke P. Quebec
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Lamoureux, G.; Verba, J.; Halpern, S. E.; de Sherbrooke, U.; Quebec, Sherbrooke P. Author Information
875 REAL-WORLD EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF BOCEPREVIR IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON alfa-2a AND RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS: INTERIM ANALYSIS FROM THE GERMAN NON-INTERVENTIONAL PAN STUDY
Authors: G. Moog, A. Schober, C. Antoni, H.R. Bruch, A. Herrmann, C. John, H. Steffens, M. Leuschner, U. Spengler, B. Moeller, K. Isernhagen, D. Hueppe, U. Alshuth, S. Mauss
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A Case of Active Sarcoid Mimicking a Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma on Tc-99m Sestamibi Imaging
Authors: PETER KLIEGER, ROBERT O'MARA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 45-year-old man with a history of parathyroidectomy with a tissue implant in his forearm to treat hyperparathyroidism developed recurrent hyperparathyroidism with a parathyroid hormone level > 3,000 pcm/L. Dual-phase Tc-99m sestamibi imaging was interpreted as showing a persistent retrosternal focus consistent with a mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. The suspected tissue was resected by mediastinoscopy, and pathologic examination revealed chronic inflammatory and granulomatous mediastinal lymph nodes consistent with active sarcoidosis. The patient's parathyroid hormone level promptly returned to normal after removal of parathyroid tissue from his forearm implant, which was markedly hyperplastic on histologic examination.
A prospective trial of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI perfusion and fluorine-18 FDG PET-CT in differentiating brain tumor progression from radiation injury after cranial irradiation
Authors: Vaios Hatzoglou, T. Jonathan Yang, Antonio Omuro, Igor Gavrilovic, Gary Ulaner, Jennifer Rubel, Taylor Schneider, Kaitlin M. Woo, Zhigang Zhang, Kyung K. Peck, Kathryn Beal, Robert J. Young
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI in differentiating tumor progression and radiation injury in patients with indeterminate enhancing lesions after radiation therapy (RT) for brain malignancies. Patients with indeterminate enhancing brain lesions on conventional MRI after RT underwent brain DCE-MRI and PET-CT in a prospective trial. Informed consent was obtained. Lesion outcomes were determined by histopathology and/or clinical and imaging follow-up. Metrics obtained included plasma volume (Vp) and volume transfer coefficient (Ktrans) from DCE-MRI, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) from PET-CT; lesion-to-normal brain ratios of all metrics were calculated. The Wilcoxon rank sum test and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed. The study included 53 patients (29 treated for 29 gliomas and 24 treated for 26 brain metastases). Progression was determined in 38/55 (69%) indeterminate lesions and radiation injury in 17 (31%). Vpratio (VP lesion/VP normal brain, P < .001), Ktransratio (P = .002), and SUVratio (P = .002) correlated significantly with diagnosis of progression versus radiation injury. Progressing lesions exhibited higher values of all 3 metrics compared with radiation injury. Vpratio had the highest accuracy in determining progression (area under the curve = 0.87), with 92% sensitivity and 77% specificity using the optimal, retrospectively determined threshold of 2.1. When Vpratio was combined with Ktransratio (optimal threshold 3.6), accuracy increased to 94%. Vpratio was the most effective metric for distinguishing progression from radiation injury. Adding Ktransratio to Vpratio further improved accuracy. DCE-MRI is an effective imaging technique for evaluating nonspecific enhancing intracranial lesions after RT.