tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Community Outbreaks of Asthma Associated with Inhalation of Soybean Dust
Authors: J M Antó, J Sunyer, R Rodriguez-Roisin, M Suarez-Cervera, L Vazquez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Since 1981, 26 outbreaks of asthma have been detected in the city of Barcelona. The geographic clustering of cases close to the harbor led us to consider the harbor as the probable source of the outbreaks. We therefore studied the association between the unloading of 26 products from ships in the harbor and outbreaks of asthma in 1985 and 1986. All 13 asthma-epidemic days in these two years coincided with the unloading of soybeans (lower 95 percent confidence limit of the risk ratio, 7.2). Of the remaining 25 products, only the unloading of wheat was related to the epidemics of asthma, although when adjusted for the unloading of soybeans the relation was not statistically significant. High-pressure areas and mild southeasterly to southwesterly winds, which favored the movement of air from the harbor to the city, were registered on all epidemic days. Particles of starch and episperm cells that were recovered from air samplers placed in the city had morphologic characteristics identical to those of soybean particles. Furthermore, the lack of bag filters at the top of one of the harbor silos into which soybeans were unloaded allowed the release of soybean dust into the air. We conclude that these outbreaks of asthma in Barcelona were caused by the inhalation of soybean dust released during the unloading of soybeans at the city harbor. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1097–102.)
PTU-259 Stent placement in palliation of oesophago-gastric cancer: the story so far
Authors: S F Neong, J Bhattacharyya, A Leahy, I R Sargeant, D L Morris
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The majority of patients with oesophago-gastric cancer are diagnosed at an advanced incurable stage where palliation of symptoms remain the cornerstone of management. Most centres now palliate patients endoscopically with stent insertion, argon plasma coagulation and laser therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a retrospective review of the overall use of palliative stenting in patients with advanced oesophageal and gastric cancer across 2 acute hospital trusts in Hertfordshire with a catchment population of approximately 1 million in the 1-year period between 1 April 2010 and 31 March 2011. We looked through the endoscopy reports, medical notes and our prospectively maintained Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer database for any reported post procedural complications and calculated the 7, 14 and 30-day mortality rate for this cohort of patients. <h3>Results</h3> 30 patients in West Hertfordshire NHS Trust (WHHT) and 19 patients in East &amp; North Hertfordshire NHS Trust (E&amp;NH) had stent insertion where the median age is 76 years. 53% of patients in E&amp;NH were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma compared to 20% in WHHT. 53% of all patients stented in WHHT received both intravenous sedation and pharyngeal anaesthesia in comparison to E&amp;NH where 21% had the same combination. The main type of stent deployed is the Boston Scientific Ultraflex covered metal stent, with only 3% of patients receiving an uncovered metal stent. All the stents were deployed successfully. Within 3 months of insertion, stent migration was reported in six patients (12%), all of whom had covered metal stents. None of our patients had perforation or haemorrhage post procedure. Our 14 and 30-day mortality is 7% and 18% respectively which mirrors, if not lower than the national figures of 8% and 19%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The difference in histology between the two trusts reflects additional use of laser therapy in E&amp;NH. The reliability of reporting of complications to the national audit was questioned at the recent British Society of Gastroenterology Meeting 2011. The apparent increase in our complication rates is likely to reflect the more accurate reporting across the region due to the existence of a robust prospectively maintained database. Our patient selection seemed appropriate given that most of them survive for more than 30 days. Uncovered stent or laser therapy should be considered in appropriate patients to reduce stent migration rates. The effectiveness of the procedure can be evaluated with a standardised dysphagia scoring system. Our audit is leading towards a change in stent management across the network. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Increased Liver and Spleen Accumulation of Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate Associated With Intravenous Injection of MRI Contrast Gadolinium-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid
Authors: Weifang Zhang, Yanyan Zhang, Xinxin Li, Zhonghui Jin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Several conditions that can cause diffuse hepatic or splenic uptake of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) have been previously reported. Nevertheless, diffuse abnormal liver and spleen uptake of Tc-99m MDP associated with intravenous injection of magnetic resonance imaging contrast gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid is not previously known. In our series, we reported diffuse increased Tc-99m MDP activity in the liver and spleen in bone scans in patients who received Tc-99m MDP injection shortly after contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
Abstract 2188: A screen to identify novel p53 family member activity-restoring compounds with a focus on p73.
Authors: Antonius P. van den Heuvel, Wenge Wang, Levy Kopelovich, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor suppressor p53 family regulates gene transcription, and thereby cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism and other processes. The p53 gene is found mutated in over 50% of all human cancers, and it has been of great interest to identify drugs that can restore p53 function. While p53 can display a wide variety of mutations, which potentially could complicate function restoration therapy, family member p73 gene mutation is rare. Therefore, we sought to identify novel compounds that are able to restore the activity of the p53 family, with a focus on p73 dependency in the presence of mutant p53. To this end, a functional cell-based screening assay was set up for cancer cell death-inducing small molecules that activate p53 pathway-dependent gene transcription. SW480 colon carcinoma cells, which carry R273H/R309S mutations in p53, and stably express a p53 family-responsive luciferase construct, were utilized, with parental cells and cells displaying stable knockdown of p73 being subjected to compounds from NCI Diversity Set 3. This set contains about 1600 compounds that are relatively well characterized and structurally rigid. After various treatment periods, p53 activity was assessed, as well as cell viability. Subsequently, a total of 26 compounds were selected for further investigation and validation. Follow up studies will include dose and time courses for p53 family activation and viability in a variety of cell lines that are wild-type, mutant or null for p53. Also mechanistic studies and cellular assays will be performed, with the hopes to identify novel drugs that are able to restore activity of the p53 family, and subsequent cancer cell death, and thus providing novel candidates for the treatment of human cancer. Citation Format: Antonius P. van den Heuvel, Wenge Wang, Levy Kopelovich, Wafik S. El-Deiry. A screen to identify novel p53 family member activity-restoring compounds with a focus on p73. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2188. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2188
P1113 CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM DURING PEG-IFN + RBV + TVR TREATMENT
Authors: M. Nakamuta, M. Kohjima, T. Yoshimoto, T. Nakamura, T. Ohashi, K. Fukuizumi, N. Fujimori, K. Kawabe, K. Haraguchi, A. Aso, Y. Sumida, N. Harada, K. Dohmen, H. Nomura, M. Enjoji
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
<i>N</i>-ethoxybenzylimidazoles: a novel acid-sensitive linker for controlled release of therapeutics from drug delivery systems.
Authors: A Luong, T Issarapanichkit, JC Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2156 Background:&amp;#x2028; Drug delivery systems (DDS) are useful for cancer therapies because they can target tumors and cancer cells more specifically than cancer therapeutics alone. An important component of a DDS is the triggering mechanism for drug release. This presentation will highlight a new class of N-linked imidazoles as potential acid-sensitive cleavable linkers for use in cancer DDSs. These acid-sensitive linkers are designed to exploit the lower extracellular pH of some tumors and the endosomes and lysosomes within cells to trigger the controlled release of therapeutic agents from drug delivery vessels. Cleavage of N-ethoxybenzylimidazoles (NEBIs) exhibit a 10-fold increase in the rate of hydrolysis in mild aqueous acidic solutions (at pH = 5.5) compared to solutions at normal, physiological pH. The rate of hydrolysis can be tuned to range from minutes to months through the addition of electron donating or withdrawing groups.&amp;#x2028; The NEBI linker can be used to conjugate a cytotoxic agent to a carrier. Carriers for this DDS include molecules such as tumor specific antibodies, polymers/nanoparticles, peptides, and ligands, that can target cancer cells or accumulate around tumors. Cytotoxic agents include FDA approved small molecules and chemotherapeutics.&amp;#x2028; Methods and Materials:&amp;#x2028; The NEBI was developed into a bifunctional crosslinker containing a carboxylic acid and an azide for conjugation of cancer therapeutics to carriers. For simplicity, we used Human Serum Albumin (HSA) as our model carrier and doxorubicin as our model cytotoxic agent. The NEBI was conjugated to doxorubicin through a simple amide coupling. The NEBI was then conjugated to an alkyne containing HSA via “Click Chemistry.”&amp;#x2028; Results:&amp;#x2028; We were able to load approximately 1-2 doxorubicin molecules per HSA. Imaging studies have shown that our HSA conjugates to doxorubicin via a NEBI linker (HSA-NEBI-dox) localize in lysosomes. Cytotoxicity studies show HSA-NEBI-dox is cytotoxic while HSA conjugates to doxorubicin via a stable linkage is not.&amp;#x2028; Discussion:&amp;#x2028; We were able to develop methods for conjugating doxorubicin to HSA. The techniques used here can be applied to conjugate other carriers and other cancer therapeutics. We will continue to develop the NEBI linker and demonstrate how the linker can be used to conjugate trastuzumab to doxorubicin. We chose use trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody, as a carrier because it is known to bind to the HER2 receptor. HER2 is over expressed in 25%-30% of breast cancers. Trastuzumab not only targets cancer cells that are over expressing the HER2 receptor, but binding of trastuzumab to the HER2 receptor can trigger receptor mediated endocytosis, which can lead to controlled release of doxorubicin within the cell.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2156.
Assessing small airway impairment in mild-to-moderate smoking asthmatic patients
Authors: Marco Contoli, Federico Bellini, Luca Morandi, Giacomo Forini, Stefano Bianchi, Giulia Gnesini, Brunilda Marku, Klaus F. Rabe, Alberto Papi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Asthma is characterised by airway inflammation throughout the bronchial tree, including the small airways. In asthma, small airway alterations are associated with poor clinical outcomes [1]. Cigarette smoke is known to induce peripheral airway abnormalities, asthmatic smokers exhibit a more rapid lung function decline, experience more frequent exacerbations and are more likely to be uncontrolled, even when the disease is managed as recommended [2]. The mechanisms accounting for poor responses to treatment in smoking asthmatic patients are currently unclear, although low accessibility to inhaled medications in the peripheral airways is considered a limiting factor for the efficacy of such treatments [3]. Cigarette smoking enhances small airways impairment in asthmatic patients <http://ow.ly/WWUky> We thank Elisa Veratelli (University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy) for assistance with the manuscript preparation.
Protein-Losing Gastropathy in Peritoneal Dialysis as a Wolf in Sheep's Clothing
Authors: Yi-Chun Chen, Yu-Chieh Su, Jainn-Shiun Chiu, Yuh-Feng Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Protein-losing gastropathy (PLG) is a rare cause of hypoalbuminemia and may be missed in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), because PD therapy can lead to hypoalbuminemia and conceal the occurrence of edema. We report a 58-year-old man who underwent PD and presented with unexplained hypoalbuminemia, but lacked gastrointestinal symptoms and edema. PLG was diagnosed by Tc-99m human serum albumin SPECT/CT. The patient's serum albumin level normalized after treatment with a proton-pump inhibitor for 4 months, and his biochemical improvement was also supported by follow-up imaging. Hypoalbuminemia clearly relates to high mortality in PD patients, and Tc-99m human serum albumin SPECT/CT can promote early detection of occult PLG that is masked by PD.
FRI0239 Subclinical Inflammation on MRI of Hand and Foot of Acpa-Negative Arthralgia Patients at Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: H.W. Van Steenbergen, J.A. van Nies, T.W. Huizinga, M. Reijnierse, A.H. van der Helm-van Mil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> It is known that anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)-positive Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has a preclinical phase with subclinical local joint inflammation on Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI). Whether this is also present in ACPA-negative RA is unknown. <h3>Objectives</h3> Therefore, we studied ACPA-negative arthralgia patients that were considered prone to progress to RA for local subclinical inflammation on hand and foot using MRI. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty-four ACPA-negative patients without clinically detectable arthritis and with arthralgia of small joints for less than one year that because of the character of the symptoms were considered suspect to progress to RA by the rheumatologists were studied. For comparisons, 19 healthy symptom free controls and 20 ACPA-negative 1987-RA patients were evaluated. All subjects underwent MRI of unilateral wrist, MCP- and MTP-joints. Synovitis and bone marrow edema (BME) were scored according to the RAMRIS method and summed yielding the "MRI inflammation score". Median scores were compared between groups. Within the ACPA-negative arthralgia patients, MRI inflammation scores were related to C-Reactive Protein (CRP)-levels and tenderness of the scanned joints. <h3>Results</h3> MRI inflammation scores increased when comparing controls, ACPA-negative arthralgia and RA patients (median scores 0, 1 and 10 respectively, p&lt;0.001). The MRI inflammation scores of ACPA-negative arthralgia patients were significantly higher than that of controls (p=0.018). In particular the synovitis scores were higher in ACPA-negative arthralgia patients (p=0.046). Within the ACPA-negative arthralgia patients, inflammation was predominantly observed in the wrist (53%). The synovitis score was associated with CRP-level (p=0.007) and joint tenderness (p=0.026). Despite the limited follow-up duration already five arthralgia patients developed clinically detectable arthritis; these patients had higher scores for MRI inflammation (p=0.001), synovitis (p=0.002) and BME (p=0.003) compared to the patients that did not develop clinical arthritis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Subclinical synovitis was observed in the small joints of ACPA-negative arthralgia patients; especially in patients that progressed to clinically detectable arthritis. This suggests the presence of a preclinical phase in ACPA-negative RA. Further longitudinal studies on these lesions and patients are required. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2099
Case 29-2014
Authors: Christopher Kabrhel, Joshua S. Rempell, Laura L. Avery, David M. Dudzinski, Ido Weinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A 60-year-old woman was seen in the emergency department after a syncopal episode. Oxygen saturation was 71% while she was breathing ambient air. A focused cardiac ultrasound revealed right-sided heart strain and McConnell's sign. Additional diagnostic procedures were performed.
THE HEART RATE DURING TILT IS LOWER IN PATIENTS WITH VASOVAGAL SYNCOPE AND POSITIVE TILT TABLE TEST WHEN COMPARED TO PATIENTS WITH VASOVAGAL SYNCOPE AND NEGATIVE TILT TABLE TEST WITH NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE THE BAROREFLEX
Authors: Ashish Chaddha, Kevin E. Wenzke, Stephen Wasmund, Richard Page, Mohamed Hamdan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Management of Hyperkalemia with a Cation-Exchange Resin
Authors: Lawrence Scherr, David A. Ogden, Allen W. Mead, Norton Spritz, Albert L. Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN patients with advanced renal insufficiency hyperkalemia may lead to death by its myocardial effects.1 , 2 Glucose and insulin solutions, calcium and hypertonic sodium salts, intestinal and peritoneal lavage, extracorporeal hemodialysis, hormone administration, infusion of alkali salts such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium lactate and cation-exchange resins have been used in the management of this problem.3 4 5 This report describes the use of a sulfonic polystyrene cation-exchange resin in the sodium cycle∥ for the control of hyperpotassemia in both acute and chronic renal disease.Synthetic ion-exchange resins were first made available to industry in 1935 and have since been extensively adapted to . . .
Hemoglobin Variations in D-Trisomy Syndrome
Authors: Miriam G. Wilson, W. A. Schroeder, Doris A. Graves, Victor D. Kach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IN addition to the now well recognized phenotypic signs, unusual characteristics of hemoglobin composition have been described in infants with D trisomy. Various investigators have noted an increased proportion of fetal hemoglobin in these infants.1 2 3 4 Huehns et al.1 reported that hemoglobin Gower 2 (the presumed embryonic hemoglobin) and hemoglobin Bart's are detectable at birth in such infants. Lee et al.4 likewise found traces of these hemoglobins in an infant with D trisomy. Walzer et al.3 recently described an infant with D trisomy in whom hemoglobin A2 was abnormally low at birth. This finding was further corroborated by Lee et . . .
AB1266 Performance of a patient-based online-questionnaire to identify patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SPA) in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: H. Brandt, J. Vahldiek, M. Rudwaleit, J. Sieper
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Between first symptoms and making a diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) there is still a delay of 5-7 years. Effective treatments for active disease have become available. Several strategies for making an earlier diagnosis have been proposed (1), focusing on primary care physicians and orthopaedists and having proven effectiveness in daily clinical practice (2, 3). <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the performance of a patient-based online-questionnaire in identifying patients with axial SpA. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients suffering from chronic low back pain without diagnosis were asked to complete an online-questionnaire offered on the homepage of our rheumatologic clinic asking, among other parameters, for onset and duration of back pain, type of back pain, presence of other SpA-typical manifestations, elevated ESR or CRP, HLA-B27-positivity, and results of imaging (if available). Following a recent published diagnostic algorithm, the likelihood ratios of these features and the post test probability (PTP) were automatically calculated (1). Patients achieving a PTP of ≥50 received an identification number and were recommended to present to our clinic for further work-up. <h3>Results</h3> To date 97 cases were collected and diagnosed. Of these, 14 were diagnosed as axial SpA (n=14/97: 14.4%); 7 fulfilling the modified New York Criteria and 7 being diagnosed as early axial SpA. In 79 of 97 patients an axial SpA was excluded and 4 of 89 patients were diagnosed as possible axial SpA. Of the diagnosed axial SpA patients, 10 of 14 (71.4%) had reached a calculated PTP of ≥90; but also 3 out of 4 (75%) with possible axial SpA and 36 of 79 (45.6%) patients with a diagnosis of non-SpA presented with a PTO of ≥90. If only focussing on those patients presenting with a PTP of ≥90 (n=49), a diagnosis of axial SpA was made in 20,4% (n=10/49) Thus, the rheumatologist would have to see 5 referred patients to identify one axial SpA patient. The sensitivity of such an approach would be 71.4% (10 out of 14). In the patients with a PTP of ≥90 and excluded diagnosis of axial SpA (n=36) other inflammatory diagnoses like psoriatic arthropathy/arthritis (n=7) or peripheral SpA (n=2) were made, partly explaining the high PTP. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A patient-based online-questionnaire to identify patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) in patients with chronic low back pain seems to be of limited value resulting in relatively low percentage of diagnosed axial SpA patients, in comparison to referral programmes in collaboration with primary care physicians (2,3). <h3>References</h3> Rudwaleit M. et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 May;63(5):535-43. Brandt H et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Nov;66(11):1479-84. Poddubnyy D, et al. J Rheumatol. 2011 Nov;38(11):2452-60. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Unusual Presentation of Solitary Bone Metastasis From Breast Carcinoma Mimicking Acute Osteomyelitis of the Left Midtibial Shaft
Authors: SHAHENDA S. SALEM, SHERIF HEIBA, JONAS SANTIAGO, SUMAN JANA, GAURAV K. GOSWAMI, GULGUN BUYUKDERELI, HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

SALEM, SHAHENDA S. M.D.; HEIBA, SHERIF M.D.; SANTIAGO, JONAS M.D.; JANA, SUMAN M.D.; GOSWAMI, GAURAV K. M.D.; BUYUKDERELI, GULGUN M.D.; ABDEL-DAYEM, HUSSEIN M. M.D. Author Information
Similarities between Neurologic Effects of L-Dopa and of Apomorphine
Authors: George C. Cotzias, Paul S. Papavasiliou, Clas Fehling, Barry Kaufman, Ismael Mena
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

L-DOPA is a precursor for the biosynthesis of both melanins and catecholamines. Both groups of substances are diminished within the Parkinsonian brain.1 2 3 L-dopa administration might therefore increase both melanins and catecholamines.4 The side effects of L-dopa were assigned to dopamine instead of melanin5 because they paralleled the effects of apomorphine, which has chemical similarities to dopamine6 and activates dopaminergic receptors in laboratory animals.6 7 8 The therapeutic effects of L-dopa might also be assigned to dopamine if they could be duplicated by apomorphine.4 , 9 , 10 We have found that subcutaneous administration of apomorphine to patients with selected neurologic disorders has temporarily changed the neurologic . . .
The role of psychiatric and behavioral factors in the practice of medicine
Authors: J L Houpt, C S Orleans, L K George, H Keith, H K Brodie
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors review the role of psychiatric and behavioral factors in the practice of medicine in three areas: 1) prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, 2) the role of behavioral or lifestyle factors in illness onset, and 3) the overlapping of psychiatric and behavioral factors with medical illness. Within each areas they review behavioral factors to the practice of medicine, the limits of current treatment approaches, and future research needs. In their final section they draw implications for health care delivery and manpower development.