tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung Volumes and Emphysema in Smokers with Interstitial Lung Abnormalities
Authors: George R. Washko, Gary M. Hunninghake, Isis E. Fernandez, Mizuki Nishino, Yuka Okajima, Tsuneo Yamashiro, James C. Ross, Raúl San José Estépar, David A. Lynch, John M. Brehm, Katherine P. Andriole, Alejandro A. Diaz, Ramin Khorasani, Katherine D'Aco, Frank C. Sciurba, Edwin K. Silverman, Hiroto Hatabu, Ivan O. Rosas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Cigarette smoking is associated with emphysema and radiographic interstitial lung abnormalities. The degree to which interstitial lung abnormalities are associated with reduced total lung capacity and the extent of emphysema is not known.
A common framework for perception and action: Neuroimaging evidence
Authors: Thierry Chaminade, Jean Decety
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

In recent years, neurophysiological evidence has accumulated in favor of a common coding between perception and execution of action. We review findings from recent neuroimaging experiments in the action domain with three complementary perspectives: perception of action, covert action triggered by perception, and reproduction of perceived action (imitation). All studies point to the parietal cortex as a key region for body movement representation, both observed and performed.
5-Fluorouracil plus leucovorin is an effective adjuvant chemotherapy in curatively resected stage III colon cancer:long-term follow-up results of the adjCCA-01 trial
Authors: H.T. Arkenau, A. Bermann, K. Rettig, G. Strohmeyer, R. Porschen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)

Adjuvant postoperative treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin in curatively resected stage III colon cancer significantly reduces the risk of cancer recurrences and improves survival. The impact of 5-FU plus leucovorin on survival and tumor recurrence was analyzed in a long-term follow-up study in comparison with the effects of 5-FU plus levamisole in the prospective multicenter trial adjCCA-01.Patients with a curatively resected stage III (International Union Against Cancer) colon cancer were stratified according to tumor, node and grading category and randomly assigned to receive one of the two adjuvant treatment schemes: 5-FU 400 mg/m2 body surface area intravenously in the first chemotherapy course, then 450 mg/m2 x 5 days, plus leucovorin 100 mg/m2, 12 cycles (arm A), or 5-FU plus levamisole (Moertel scheme; arm B).Six hundred and eighty (96.9%) of 702 patients enrolled into this study were eligible. To date, 261 patients have died, 117 on arm A and 144 on arm B (P = 0.007). After a median follow-up time of 82 months, the 5-FU plus leucovorin combination significantly improved disease-free survival [79.8 months in arm A versus 69.3 months in arm B (P = 0.012)] and significantly increased median overall survival (88.9 months in arm A versus 78.6 months in arm B; P = 0.003). Adjuvant treatment with 5-FU plus levamisole as well as 5-FU plus leucovorin was generally well tolerated; only a minority of patients experienced grade 3 and 4 toxicities.After curative resection of a stage III colon cancer, adjuvant treatment with 5-FU plus leucovorin is generally well tolerated. This long-term follow-up study demonstrates that adjuvant treatment with 5-FU plus leucovorin given for 12 cycles is significantly more effective than 5-FU plus levamisole (Moertel scheme) in reducing tumor relapse and improving survival.
Ca <sup>2+</sup> Sparks Triggered by Patch Depolarization in Rat Heart Cells
Authors: Stephen R. Shorofsky, Leighton Izu, Withrow Gil Wier, C. William Balke
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between Ca 2+ entry through L-type Ca 2+ channels and local [Ca 2+ ] i transients (Ca 2+ sparks) in single rat cardiac ventricular cells. L-type Ca 2+ channels were activated by depolarization of cell-attached membrane patches, and [Ca 2+ ] i was measured simultaneously as fluo 3 fluorescence using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Patch depolarization with Ca 2+ as the charge carrier (10 or 110 mmol · L –1 ) significantly increased the probability of the occurrence of Ca 2+ sparks (Ca 2+ spark rate) only in the volume of cytoplasm located immediately beneath the membrane patch (basal Ca 2+ spark rate, 119 Ca 2+ sparks · cell −1 · s −1 ; patch depolarization Ca 2+ spark rate, 610 Ca 2+ sparks · cell −1 · s −1 ; P &lt;.005). With Ba 2+ in the pipette solution (10 mmol · L −1 ), patch depolarization was not associated with an increased Ca 2+ spark rate at the position of the pipette or at any other sites distant from the pipette. Therefore, Ca 2+ entry and not voltage per se was a necessary event for the occurrence of Ca 2+ sparks. Under identical experimental conditions, patch depolarization experiments opened single L-type Ca 2+ channels with a single-channel conductance of 19 pS with Ba 2+ as the charge carrier. Although single-channel openings could not be resolved when Ca 2+ was the charge carrier, ensemble averages yielded an inward current of up to 0.75 pA. The results suggest that voltage-activated Ca 2+ entry through one or a small number of L type Ca 2+ channels triggers the release of Ca 2+ only from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in direct proximity to those L-type Ca 2+ channels. The relatively low probability of triggering Ca 2+ sparks may have resulted from some alteration of excitation-contraction coupling associated with the technique of the cell-attached patch clamp.
Pulmonary Function in Sarcoidosis
Authors: R. Marshall, H. Smellie, J. H. Baylis, C. Hoyle, D. V. Bates
Journal: Thorax (1958)

The effects of sarcoidosis upon lung function have already been studied by a number of investi- gators.Usually, however, sarcoidosis has been included only as one of a group of diseases producing pulmonary fibrosis, and sarcoidosis itself has not been specifically investigated.The purpose of this investigation was to study pulmon.aryfunction in sarcoidosis at all stages and to determine the nature of any disturbance and changes associated with progression of the disease.The abnormalities of function associated with particular radiographic appearances were also investigated, and we tried to assess the value of the various tests of function in gauging dis- ability, progress, and prognosis. METHODSIn order to study the disea4e at different stages the patients were chosen for investigation from a series of 200 according to the duration and radio- graphic form of their disease.They were allocated accordingly to one of five groups.These groups were: GROUP I.-Patients with long-standing pul- monary fibrosis as shown radiographically by hilar distortion, often with elevation, and linear shadows.GROUP II.-Patients with infiltrative shadows present for more than two years.GROUP III.-Patients with infiltrative shadows known to have been present for less than two years since diagnosis.GROUP IV.-Patients known to have been in Groups II or III but in whom radiologically the lung fields had cleared completely.GROUP V.-Patients with hilar lymph node en- largement only and normal lungs radiographically.Twenty-six patients (11 men and 15 women) were investigated: of these, six were in Group I, three in Group II, six in Group III, six in Group
Establishment of Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines from Fresh Tumors versus Xenografts: Comparison of Success Rate and Cell Line Features
Authors: Virginie Dangles-Marie, Marc Pocard, Sophie Richon, Louis-Bastien Weiswald, Franck Assayag, Patrick Saulnier, Jean-Gabriel Judde, Jean-Louis Janneau, Nathalie Auger, Pierre Validire, Bernard Dutrillaux, Françoise Praz, Dominique Bellet, Marie-France Poupon
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Obtaining representative human colon cancer cell lines from fresh tumors is technically difficult. Using 32 tumor fragments from patients with colon cancer, the present study shows that prior xenograft leads to more efficient cell line establishment compared with direct establishment from fresh tumors (P &amp;lt; 0.05). From 26 tumor specimens, we successfully established 20 tumor xenografts in nude mice (77%); among 19 of these xenografts, 9 (47%) led to cell lines, including four from liver metastases. Only 3 of 31 tumor specimens (9.7%) grew immediately in vitro, and all were derived from primary tumors. To compare major phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of human colon cancer cell lines derived from the same tumor fragment using two protocols, the two pairs of cell lines obtained from 2 of 32 tumor fragments were extensively studied. They displayed similar morphology and were able to form compact spheroids. Chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil, CPT11, and L-OHP differed between cell lines obtained from patient tumors and those derived from xenografts. Matched cell lines shared a common core of karyotype alterations and distinctive additional chromosomal aberrations. Expression levels of genes selected for their role in oncogenesis evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR were found to be statistically correlated whatever the in vitro culture model used. In conclusion, xenotransplantation in mice of tumor fragments before establishment of cell lines enables generation of more novel human cancer cell lines for investigation of colon cancer cell biology, opening up the opportunity of reproducing the diversity of this disease. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):398–407]
The Renal Lesion Associated with Hemoglobinemia: A Study of the Pathogenesis of the Excretory Defect in the Rat*
Authors: John R. Jaenike
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The role of renal ischemia in the pathogenesis of the renal failure produced by hemoglobin injection in the rat is evaluated. The data indicate that in the initial hours of this lesion renal blood flow is consistently reduced and that during its subsequent evolution blood flow rises towards normal levels, in some animals, while inulin clearance remains severely depressed. Volume expansion during the initial stage of the lesion may effect a rise in renal blood flow to normal levels with little effect on inulin clearance rate, further demonstrating the relative lack of dependence of the excretory defect on concomitant renal ischemia. These observations indicate that renal ischemia is probably a necessary factor in the initial production of the lesion; that it persists during its initial phase, up to 24 hours in most rats; and that, although it may contribute to the observed excretory defect, it is not the predominant etiologic factor.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces contraction of coronary artery smooth muscle cells via S1P
Authors: T OHMORI, Y YATOMI, M OSADA, F KAZAMA, T TAKAFUTA, H IKEDA, Y OZAKI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objectives: Sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P), a bioactive lipid derived from activated platelets, may play an important role in coronary artery spasm and hence the pathogenesis of ischemic heart diseases, since we reported that a decrease in coronary blood flow was induced by this lysophospholipid in an in vivo canine heart model [Cardiovasc. Res. 46 (2000) 119]. In this study, metabolism related to and cellular responses elicited by Sph-1-P were examined in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). Methods and results: [3H]Sphingosine (Sph), incorporated into CASMCs, was converted to [3H]Sph-1-P intracellularly, but its stimulation-dependent formation and extracellular release were not observed. Furthermore, the cell surface Sph-1-P receptors of S1P family (previously called EDG) were found to be expressed in CASMCs. Accordingly, Sph-1-P seems to act as an extracellular mediator in CASMCs. Consistent with Sph-1-P-elicited coronary vasoconstriction in vivo, Sph-1-P strongly induced CASMC contraction, which was inhibited by JTE-013, a newly-developed specific antagonist of S1P2 (EDG-5). Furthermore, C3 exoenzyme or Y-27632 inhibited the CASMC contraction induced by Sph-1-P, indicating Rho involvement. Finally, exogenously-added [3H]Sph-1-P underwent a rapid degradation. Since lipid phosphate phosphatases, ectoenzymes capable of dephosphorylating Sph-1-P, were expressed in CASMCs, Sph-1-P may be dephosphorylated by the ectophosphatases. Conclusions: Sph-1-P, derived from platelets and dephosphorylated on the cell surface, may induce the contraction of coronary artery smooth muscle cells through the S1P2/Rho signaling.
Unusual Locations of Involvement by Malignancies
Authors: Atif Shafqat, Moo-Nahm Yum, Rafat Abanour, Kristen N. Ganjoo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.09.049 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12947074 Unusual Locations of Involvement by Malignancies CASE 1. TESTICULAR PLASMACYTOMA Atif ShafqatxAtif ShafqatSearch for articles by this author , Moo-Nahm YumxMoo-Nahm YumSearch for articles by this author , Rafat AbanourxRafat AbanourSearch for articles by this author , Kristen N. GanjooxKristen N. GanjooSearch for articles by this author Show More Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.09.049 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Prognostic implications of elevated troponin in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome but no critical epicardial coronary disease
Authors: Hisham Dokainish, Manu Pillai, Sabina A. Murphy, Peter M. DiBattiste, Marc J. Schweiger, Amir Lotfi, David A. Morrow, Christopher P. Cannon, Eugene Braunwald, Nasser Lakkis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Multiple Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Walter D. Schwindt
Journal: JAMA (1967)

OCCASIONALLY, two parathyroid adenomas are found in a single patient; however, the occurrence of three true adenomas is exceedingly unusual. When more than one adenoma is encountered, the possibility of parathyroid hyperplasia should be considered. This is a report of a patient in whom three parathyroid adenomas were identified and removed and a normal appearing fourth parathyroid gland identified and biopsied. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 37-year-old housewife had the sudden onset of acute lower abdominal pain on March 26, 1965. This pain was associated with some left shoulder pain which was accentuated with respiration. The patient was hospitalized in her hometown with the diagnosis of possible ruptured ovarian cyst. Following admission to her local hospital, she became febrile and a pleural effusion on the left was noted, and therefore she was transferred to the University Hospitals on April 4, 1965, with a diagnosis of possible pneumonia. Admission roentgenograms of
Incidence of sudden cardiac death in athletes: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Kimberly G Harmon, Jonathan A Drezner, Mathew G Wilson, Sanjay Sharma
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading medical cause of death in athletes; however, the precise incidence is unknown. The objectives of this review were to examine studies on the rate of SCD in athletes, assess the methodological strengths and weaknesses used to arrive at estimates, compare studies in athletes with estimates in similar populations and arrive at an approximation of the incidence of SCD based on the best available evidence. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed using key terms related to SCD in athletes. Articles were reviewed for relevance and included if they contained information on the incidence of SCD in athletes or young persons up to the age of 40. The reference list from each manuscript was reviewed for additional relevant articles. The methods for case identification were examined, as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the precision of the population denominator studied. Thirteen studies were found investigating the rate of SCD in athletes who ranged in age from 9 to 40. An additional 15 incidence studies were located examining the rate of SCD in other populations under the age of 40. Rates of SCD varied from 1:917 000 to 1:3000. Studies with higher methodological quality consistently yielded incidence rates in the range of 1:40 000 to 1:80 000. Some athlete subgroups, specifically men, African-American/black athletes and basketball players, appear to be at higher risk. The incidence of SCD in athletes is likely higher than traditional estimates which may impact the development of more effective prevention strategies.
Leukoapheresis in Crohn's disease: the final curtain?
Authors: Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Silvio Danese
Journal: Gut (2012)

In 2012, our therapeutic armamentarium is still limited in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) refractory to standard medications. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents (eg, infliximab and adalimumab) have changed the way these patients are treated. However, only one third of patients with CD who are administered infliximab or adalimumab will be in clinical remission at 1 year.1 In addition, secondary loss of response is relatively frequent with all anti-TNF agents.2 New therapeutic options are therefore eagerly awaited for these patients. With this in mind, the relative newcomer apheresis looked promising.

Cytapheresis or depletion of activated granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages from the circulation could theoretically reduce leukocyte-dependent inflammation in immune-mediated disorders such as the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). One mechanism through which this can be achieved is using the medical device Adacolumn, an extracorporeal circulatory system with a G-1 column (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Europe Ltd., Middlesex, UK) that mediates selective cytapheresis of activated granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages from venous blood. The column contains cellulose acetate beads (2 mm in diameter) that act as carriers to selectively adsorb granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages, but only a much more limited number of lymphocytes.

The column is initially bathed in sterile saline, but once blood is added and comes into contact with the cellulose acetate beads, adhesion and absorption of peripheral blood cells begins. Immune complexes (IC) and …
ING-1, a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Ep-CAM in Patients with Advanced Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Johann S. de Bono, Anthony W. Tolcher, Andre Forero, Gertrude F. A. Vanhove, Chris Takimoto, Robert J. Bauer, Lisa A. Hammond, Amita Patnaik, Mark L. White, Sui Shen, Muhammad B. Khazaeli, Eric K. Rowinsky, Albert F. LoBuglio
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the feasibility of administration, safety, toxicity, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, maximum tolerated dose, and biodistribution of ING-1, a high-affinity, Human-Engineered monoclonal antibody (heMAb) to the Mr 40,000 epithelial cell adhesion molecule Ep-CAM, in patients with advanced adenocarcinomas. Experimental Design: ING-1 was initially administered to patients as a 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. Toxicity and pharmacokinetic data led to the evaluation of a weekly schedule. The distribution of iodine-131 (131I)-labeled ING-1 was studied. Results: Twenty-five patients received 82 courses of ING-1. Minimal toxicity was initially observed at the 0.03-, 0.10-, and 0.30-mg/kg dose levels. A patient dosed at 1.0 mg/kg developed acute pancreatitis with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A patient dosed at 0.3 mg/kg had an asymptomatic amylase and lipase elevation to 502 units/L and 1,627 units/L, respectively. Both patients made uncomplicated recoveries. No other dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Regardless of dose, the volume of distribution (mean ± SEM) was 46.6 ± 1.6 mL/kg. ING-1 clearance decreased with increasing dose. To minimize toxicity and increase dose intensity, we then administered ING-1 weekly. No significant toxicity was observed in 7 patients dosed at 0.1 mg/kg. Studies of 131I-labeled ING-1 biodistribution showed radiolocalization to colorectal and prostate cancers. A patient with colorectal cancer had an 80% decrement in the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen. Conclusion: The recommended dose for ING-1 is 0.10 mg/kg by intravenous infusion weekly. The absence of severe toxicity at this dose, low immunogenicity, and preliminary evidence of ING-1 tumor localization and antitumor efficacy support the further clinical development of this antibody to treat Ep-CAM–positive malignant diseases.
An Introduction to the Biomechanics of Joints and Joint Replacement
Authors: D. L. Gardner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

<h3>Summary</h3> Changes in neuronal activity create local and transient changes in energy demands at synapses. Here we discover a metabolic compartment that forms <i>in vivo</i> near synapses to meet local energy demands and support synaptic function in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> neurons. Under conditions of energy stress, glycolytic enzymes redistribute from a diffuse localization in the cytoplasm to a punctate localization adjacent to synapses. Glycolytic enzymes colocalize, suggesting the <i>ad hoc</i> formation of a glycolysis compartment, or a ‘glycolytic metabolon’, that can maintain local levels of ATP. Local formation of the glycolytic metabolon is dependent on presynaptic scaffolding proteins, and disruption of the glycolytic metabolon blocks the synaptic vesicle cycle, impairs synaptic recovery, and affects locomotion. Our studies indicate that energy demands in neurons are met locally through the assembly of a glycolytic metabolon to sustain synaptic function and behavior.
Human Sgo1 downregulation leads to chromosomal instability in colorectal cancer
Authors: M Iwaizumi, K Shinmura, H Mori, H Yamada, M Suzuki, Y Kitayama, H Igarashi, T Nakamura, H Suzuki, Y Watanabe, A Hishida, M Ikuma, H Sugimura
Journal: Gut (2008)

Background and aims: Chromosomal instability (CIN) is recognised as a hallmark of cancer and is caused by a spindle assembly checkpoint disorder or chromosome mis-segregation during mitosis. Although the recent identification of human shugoshin (hSgo1), an important player in proper chromosome segregation, has suggested the involvement of hSgo1 in colorectal tumourigenesis, little is known about how it is involved. The aim of this study was to obtain information about the status of hSgo1 in human colorectal cancer. Method and results: Among the 46 colorectal cancer cases, hSgo1 mRNA expression was decreased in the tumour tissue in comparison with the corresponding normal tissue (p = 0.032). Human Sgo1-downregulated tumours (tumour to normal mucosa ratio<0.5) had preferential location on the left side large bowel rather than on the right side (p = 0.012), and a higher variation of centromere numbers revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). To assess the effects of hSgo1 downregulation, hSgo1 knockdown was performed by transfecting the diploid HCT116 cell line with a short hairpin RNA expression vector. hSgo1 knockdown cells proliferated slowly because of both G2/M arrest and apoptosis (p<0.001), and markers of CIN in the form of aneuploidy (p<0.001) and micronuclei (p<0.005) were later observed in hSgo1 knockdown cells. Increased centrosome amplification (p<0.05), the presence of binucleated cells and mitotic catastrophes were also noted in hSgo1 knockdown cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that hSgo1-downregulated colorectal cancers have a clinicopathological character of CIN, and hSgo1 downregulation leads to CIN in colorectal cancer cells.