tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Normal and Pathologic Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland of the Mouse, Including Neoplasms
Authors: Thelma B. Dunn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

This paper reviews publications on the adrenal gland of the mouse and includes observations and comments based on my own experience. The major emphasis is on studies made with the light microscope on untreated mice from various inbred strains commonly used in the laboratory. To publish all the references I have accumulated on the adrenal gland of the mouse would not be feasible or profitable, but I have attempted to include and discuss papers that first described an anatomical finding or pathologic lesion and the most recent and comprehensive papers. I also include photomicrographs of selected adrenal structures and neoplasms. Although much has been published on this subject, the material is widely scattered and no recent general summary is available. However, the present paper should be used only as a guide, because anyone working with laboratory mice should make observations directly from treated and untreated mice of inbred strains used in his own experiments. Because of the many variations, no morphologic description applicable to all strains, at all ages, under all conditions can be given.
Social and Psychological Aspects of Verbal Behavior in Japanese-Americans
Authors: FRANK A. JOHNSON, ANTHONY J. MARSELLA, COLLEEN L. JOHNSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors discuss the verbal behavior patterns of English-speaking Japanese-Americans living in Hawaii in terms of four cultural themes of Meiji-era Japan: 1) a strong sense of gender differences, 2) a concern for hierarchy and status, 3) an emphasis upon self-effacement, and 4) a focus on nonverbal communication. These behaviors may be misinterpreted by Caucasian Americans unfamiliar with the Japanese-American's culture of origin.
Exercise Is Associated with Reduced Risk for Incident Dementia among Persons 65 Years of Age and Older
Authors: Eric B. Larson, Li Wang, James D. Bowen, Wayne C. McCormick, Linda Teri, Paul Crane, Walter Kukull
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Alzheimer disease and other dementing disorders are major sources of morbidity and mortality in aging societies. Proven strategies to delay onset or reduce risk for dementing disorders would be greatly beneficial. Objective: To determine whether regular exercise is associated with a reduced risk for dementia and Alzheimer disease. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington. Participants: 1740 persons older than age 65 years without cognitive impairment who scored above the 25th percentile on the Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument (CASI) in the Adult Changes in Thought study and who were followed biennially to identify incident dementia. Measurements: Baseline measurements, including exercise frequency, cognitive function, physical function, depression, health conditions, lifestyle characteristics, and other potential risk factors for dementia (for example, apolipoprotein E ε4); biennial assessment for dementia. Results: During a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (SD, 2.0), 158 participants developed dementia (107 developed Alzheimer disease). The incidence rate of dementia was 13.0 per 1000 person-years for participants who exercised 3 or more times per week compared with 19.7 per 1000 person-years for those who exercised fewer than 3 times per week. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio of dementia was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86; P = 0.004). The interaction between exercise and performance-based physical function was statistically significant (P = 0.013). The risk reduction associated with exercise was greater in those with lower performance levels. Similar results were observed in analyses restricted to participants with incident Alzheimer disease. Limitations: Exercise was measured by self-reported frequency. The study population had a relatively high proportion of regular exercisers at baseline. Conclusion: These results suggest that regular exercise is associated with a delay in onset of dementia and Alzheimer disease, further supporting its value for elderly persons.
Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-10b promotes cell invasion in breast cancer
Authors: Ramesh Singh, Radhika Pochampally, Kounosuke Watabe, Zhaohui Lu, Yin-Yuan Mo
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

Exosomes are 30-100 nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin, mediating diverse biological functions including tumor cell invasion, cell-cell communication and antigen presentation through transfer of proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs can be released through ceramide-dependent secretory machinery regulated by neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) enzyme encoded by the smpd3 gene that triggers exosome secretion. However, whether exosome-mediated microRNA transfer plays any role in cell invasion remains poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the exosomal microRNAs involved in breast cancer invasion. The expression level of endogenous and exosomal miRNAs were examined by real time PCR and the expression level of target proteins were detected by western blot. Scanning electron and confocal microscopy were used to characterize exosomes and to study its uptake and transfer. Luciferase reporter plasmids and its mutant were used to confirm direct targeting. Furthermore, the functional significance of exosomal miR-10b was estimated by invasion assay. In this study, we demonstrate that microRNA carrying exosomes can be transferred among different cell lines through direct uptake. miR-10b is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells as compared to non-metastatic breast cancer cells or non-malignant breast cells; it is actively secreted into medium via exosomes. In particular, nSMase2 or ceramide promotes the exosome-mediated miR-10b secretion whereas ceramide inhibitor suppresses this secretion. Moreover, upon uptake, miR-10b can suppress the protein level of its target genes such as HOXD10 and KLF4, indicating its functional significance. Finally, treatment with exosomes derived from MDA-MB-231 cells could induce the invasion ability of non-malignant HMLE cells. Together, our results suggest that a set of specific microRNAs may play an important role in modulating tumor microenvironment through exosomes. Thus, a better understanding of this process may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents.
The role of iron and haemochromatosis gene mutations in the progression of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: D Thorburn, G Curry, R Spooner, E Spence, K Oien, D Halls, R Fox, E A B McCruden, R N M MacSween, P R Mills
Journal: Gut (2002)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequently associated with elevated markers of iron stores. Recessively inherited mutations in the HFE gene are responsible for iron accumulation in most cases of hereditary haemochromatosis and may have a role in HCV infection. They may also be associated with progressive liver fibrosis although this remains controversial.To assess the prevalence of HFE mutations in Scottish HCV infected patients and to explore the effect of the carrier state on serum and liver iron stores, and the severity of liver disease.A total of 164 patients with antibodies to HCV who underwent liver biopsy were assessed prospectively.Each patient was screened for HFE mutations (Cys282Tyr and His63Asp). Iron markers were assessed in serum (ferritin, transferrin saturation) and on liver biopsy (stainable iron, liver iron concentration (LIC) and hepatic iron index).There were 67 (41%, 26 Cys282Tyr, 33 His63Asp, eight compound) heterozygotes. Forty four (28%) patients had elevated serum iron markers, 24 (15%) had stainable liver iron, and five (3%) had elevated LICs. Carriage of HFE mutations was not associated with any clinical, biochemical, virological, or pathological features, including accumulation of liver iron. Elevated serum iron markers were associated with male sex, increased alcohol consumption, and increased liver inflammation and fibrosis. Patients with elevated LICs were older, acquired HCV infection earlier, and had more liver inflammation.Patients with chronic HCV infection frequently have elevated serum iron markers although elevated LICs are uncommon. Elevated serum iron studies and LICs occur in patients with more severe liver disease. Carriage of HFE mutations, although frequently observed in these HCV infected patients, does not have a role in the accumulation of iron or the progression of liver disease in HCV infection.
Antibacterial class is not obviously important in outpatient pneumonia: a meta-analysis
Authors: N. Maimon, C. Nopmaneejumruslers, T. K. Marras
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic wet cough, the most common symptom of a disease spectrum that encompasses protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) and bronchiectasis, is common among Aboriginal children. In the absence of any community prevalence data, and with the high burden of respiratory disease and the European Respiratory Society task force9s recommendation to identify disease burden, we determined the prevalence of chronic wet cough and PBB in young Aboriginal children in four remote communities in north Western Australia. <h3>Methods</h3> A whole-population, prospective study was conducted. Aboriginal children aged ≤7 years were clinically assessed for chronic wet cough by paediatric respiratory clinicians between July 2018 and May 2019. Where children had a wet cough but parents reported a short or uncertain cough duration, children were followed up 1 month later. A medical record audit 6 weeks to 3 months later was used to determine those children with chronic wet cough who had PBB (based on response to antibiotics). <h3>Results</h3> Of the 203 children, 191 (94%; median age 3.5 years, range 0–7 years) were enrolled. At the initial visit, chronic wet cough was present in 21 (11%), absent in 143 (75%) and unknown in 27 (14%). By follow-up, the total prevalence of chronic wet cough was 13% (95% CI 8–19%) and 10% (95% CI 7–17%) for PBB. Chronic wet cough was more common in the two communities with unsealed roads (19%) compared to the two with sealed roads (7%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Given the relatively high prevalence, strategies to address reasons for and treatment of chronic wet cough and PBB in young Aboriginal children in remote north Western Australia are required.
The Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Therapy on Liver Fibrosis Progression in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Christophe Corpechot, Fabrice Carrat, Anne-Marie Bonnand, Renée Eugénie Poupon, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only approved treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). However, the benefit from UDCA therapy on the progression of PBC from its early stage towards extensive fibrosis and cirrhosis has not been clearly shown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of UDCA therapy on liver fibrosis progression in PBC. A Markov model was used to analyze the progression rates between early and late histologic stages in 103 patients with PBC enrolled in a randomized, double–blind, placebo–controlled trial of UDCA. Early stage was defined by the presence of portal and periportal lesions without extensive fibrosis, whereas late stage was defined by the presence of numerous septa, bridging fibrosis, or cirrhosis. A total of 162 pairs of liver biopsy specimens were studied. The model accurately described the observed data. UDCA therapy was associated with a 5–fold lower progression rate from early stage disease to extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis (7% per year under UDCA vs. 34% per year under placebo, P &lt;.002), but was not associated with a significant difference in regression rates (3% per year under both UDCA and placebo). At 4 years, the probability of UDCA–treated patients to remain in early stage disease is 76% (95% confidence interval: 58%–88%), as compared with 29% (15%–52%) in placebo–treated patients. In conclusion, UDCA therapy significantly delays the progression of liver fibrosis in PBC. Markov modeling should prove useful in assessing the efficacy of future medical treatments in clinical trials involving histologic endpoints.
Improving identification and treatment of children & adolescents with cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD)
Authors: John McNamara, Mary Sachs, Sandy Landvik, Mary Smieja, Janyce Majkozak, Lisa Read, Laura Gandrud
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Our CF center performed a quality improvement project to improve identification and treatment of CFRD. Our primary goal was to screen at least 80% of patients ≥8 years of age with oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) in 2011. Our secondary goal was to improve the mean HbA1c of CFRD patients.   Methods:  With CF family and staff involvement, we identified barriers in our existing screening process and after multiple PDSA (Plan, Do, Study, Act) cycles implemented new processes:  Screening  1) Changed lab protocol for patients receiving OGTT to improve screening efficacy  2) Scheduled annual labs at the first clinic visit of the year  3) Improved mesosystem relationships via weekly huddles between pulmonary and endocrine teams  4) Developed protocol for follow-up of identified patients with CFRD  Protocol Design to Improve HbA1c  1) Plan endocrine consult and transition to endocrine clinic using principles of clinical microsystems  2) Implement system to contact families who failed clinic appointment  3) Provide additional education of staff and families   Results:  Screening of outpatients with OGTT improved from 2010 (66%) to 2011 (99%). The mean HbA1c in patients with CFRD in 2010 was 7.0 (n=4). Their levels improved to 6.6 in 2011, and the mean for all patients including newly identified patients with CFRD in 2011 was 6.0 (n=17).   Conclusion:  The development of an outpatient screening process successfully identified patients with CFRD. We successfully screened 99% of our patients with OGTTs, and reduced the mean HbA1c in CFRD patients.
Soda and Tobacco Industry Corporate Social Responsibility Campaigns: How Do They Compare?
Authors: Lori Dorfman, Andrew Cheyne, Lissy C. Friedman, Asiya Wadud, Mark Gottlieb
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

In an article that forms part of the PLoS Medicine series on Big Food, Andrew Cheyne and colleagues compare soda companies' corporate social responsibility (CSR) campaigns - which are designed to bolster the image and popularity of their products and to prevent regulation - with the tobacco industry's CSR campaigning.
DNA-binding property of Sm nuclear antigen.
Authors: P A Reyes, E M Tan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Antibodies in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus reacted with a nuclear acidic protein called Sm antigen, and these antibodies were used as reagents to identify Sm antigen in preparative fractionation procedures. DNA affinity chromatography showed that Sm antigen was associated with nuclear protein fractions which had DNA-binding capacity. Evidence was also presented that Sm antigen showed preferential binding for single-strand DNA over double-strand DNA. These studies demonstrate that spontaneously occurring anti-nuclear antibodies in disease states may be used to study the properties of cellular proteins which are present in trace amounts.
Five-Year Outcomes of a Phase II Study of Adjuvant Chemotherapy with S-1 Plus Docetaxel for Stage III Gastric Cancer After Curative D2 Gastrectomy
Authors: Tamura Shigeyuki, Fujitani Kazumasa, Kimura Yutaka, Tsuji Takeshi, Iijima Shohei, Matsuyama Jin, Imamura Hiroshi, Inoue Kentarou, Kobayashi Kenji, Kurokawa Yukinori, Shimokawa Toshio, Tsujinaka Toshimasa, Furukawa Hiroshi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Susceptibility variants for male-pattern baldness on chromosome 20p11
Authors: Axel M Hillmer, Felix F Brockschmidt, Sandra Hanneken, Sibylle Eigelshoven, Michael Steffens, Antonia Flaquer, Stefan Herms, Tim Becker, Anne-Katrin Kortüm, Dale R Nyholt, Zhen Zhen Zhao, Grant W Montgomery, Nicholas G Martin, Thomas W Mühleisen, Margrieta A Alblas, Susanne Moebus, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Martina Bröcker-Preuss, Raimund Erbel, Roman Reinartz, Regina C Betz, Sven Cichon, Peter Propping, Max P Baur, Thomas F Wienker, Roland Kruse, Markus M Nöthen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
P14ARF inhibits human glioblastoma–induced angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of TIMP3
Authors: Abdessamad Zerrouqi, Beata Pyrzynska, Maria Febbraio, Daniel J. Brat, Erwin G. Van Meir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Malignant gliomas are the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumors in adults. Among malignant gliomas, 60%-80% show loss of P14ARF tumor suppressor activity due to somatic alterations of the INK4A/ARF genetic locus. The tumor suppressor activity of P14ARF is in part a result of its ability to prevent the degradation of P53 by binding to and sequestering HDM2. However, the subsequent finding of P14ARF loss in conjunction with TP53 gene loss in some tumors suggests the protein may have other P53-independent tumor suppressor functions. Here, we report what we believe to be a novel tumor suppressor function for P14ARF as an inhibitor of tumor-induced angiogenesis. We found that P14ARF mediates antiangiogenic effects by upregulating expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) in a P53-independent fashion. Mechanistically, this regulation occurred at the gene transcription level and was controlled by HDM2-SP1 interplay, where P14ARF relieved a dominant negative interaction of HDM2 with SP1. P14ARF-induced expression of TIMP3 inhibited endothelial cell migration and vessel formation in response to angiogenic stimuli produced by cancer cells. The discovery of this angiogenesis regulatory pathway may provide new insights into P53-independent P14ARF tumor-suppressive mechanisms that have implications for the development of novel therapies directed at tumors and other diseases characterized by vascular pathology.
Mediterranean Diet and Invasive Breast Cancer Risk Among Women at High Cardiovascular Risk in the PREDIMED Trial
Authors: Estefanía Toledo, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Carolina Donat-Vargas, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, Ramón Estruch, Emilio Ros, Dolores Corella, Montserrat Fitó, Frank B. Hu, Fernando Arós, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Dora Romaguera, Manuel Ortega-Calvo, Lluís Serra-Majem, Xavier Pintó, Helmut Schröder, Josep Basora, José Vicente Sorlí, Mònica Bulló, Merce Serra-Mir, Miguel A. Martínez-González
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Breast cancer is the leading cause of female cancer burden, and its incidence has increased by more than 20% worldwide since 2008. Some observational studies have suggested that the Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of breast cancer.To evaluate the effect of 2 interventions with Mediterranean diet vs the advice to follow a low-fat diet (control) on breast cancer incidence.The PREDIMED study is a 1:1:1 randomized, single-blind, controlled field trial conducted at primary health care centers in Spain. From 2003 to 2009, 4282 women aged 60 to 80 years and at high cardiovascular disease risk were recruited after invitation by their primary care physicians.Participants were randomly allocated to a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts, or a control diet (advice to reduce dietary fat).Breast cancer incidence was a prespecified secondary outcome of the trial for women without a prior history of breast cancer (n = 4152).After a median follow-up of 4.8 years, we identified 35 confirmed incident cases of breast cancer. Observed rates (per 1000 person-years) were 1.1 for the Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil group, 1.8 for the Mediterranean diet with nuts group, and 2.9 for the control group. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios vs the control group were 0.32 (95% CI, 0.13-0.79) for the Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil group and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.26-1.35) for the Mediterranean diet with nuts group. In analyses with yearly cumulative updated dietary exposures, the hazard ratio for each additional 5% of calories from extra-virgin olive oil was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.57-0.90).This is the first randomized trial finding an effect of a long-term dietary intervention on breast cancer incidence. Our results suggest a beneficial effect of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil in the primary prevention of breast cancer. These results come from a secondary analysis of a previous trial and are based on few incident cases and, therefore, need to be confirmed in longer-term and larger studies.ISRCTN.org Identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
Signs of Nephropathy May Occur Early in Young Adults With Diabetes Despite Modern Diabetes Management
Authors: Maria Svensson, Göran Sundkvist, Hans J. Arnqvist, Elisabeth Björk, Göran Blohmé, Jan Bolinder, Marianne Henricsson, Lennarth Nyström, Ole Torffvit, Ingeborg Waernbaum, Jan Östman, Jan W. Eriksson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To estimate the occurrence of early-onset renal involvement in a nationwide population-based cohort of young adults with diabetes in Sweden and relate the findings to glycemic control, type of diabetes, sex, smoking, and blood pressure.The Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden aims to register all incident cases of diabetes in the age-group 15-34 years. In 1987-1988, 806 patients were reported and invited to participate in a follow-up study focusing on microvascular complications. Of them, 469 subjects participated. The assessment was based on questionnaires (n = 469), blood samples (n = 424), urine samples (n = 251) and, when appropriate, medical records (n = 186).During the follow-up time, median 9 years (range 6-12), 31 of 469 patients (6.6%) with incipient or overt diabetic nephropathy (i.e., micro- or macroalbuminuria) were found, 24 of 426 (5.6%) in type 1 and 7 of 43 (16%) in type 2 diabetic subjects (P = 0.016). Additionally, 24 of 31 patients (77%) had microalbuminuria and 7 (23%) had macroalbuminuria, which mainly occurred in patients with type 2 diabetes. In a Cox regression analysis, high mean HbA(1c) during the follow-up period and high blood pressure at follow-up increased the risk of developing signs of nephropathy (P = 0.020 and P = 0.003, respectively). Compared with patients with type 1 diabetes, those with type 2 diabetes tended to have an increased risk of renal involvement (P = 0.054) when adjusting for sex, tobacco use, glycemic control, and blood pressure.Despite modern treatment and self-monitoring of blood glucose, young adult patients with diabetes may still develop renal involvement during the first 10 years of diabetes duration. Inadequate HbA(1c), high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes appear to be risk markers for early occurrence of diabetic nephropathy.