tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infliximab can precipitate as well as worsen palmoplantar pustulosis: possible linkage to the expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in the normal palmar eccrine sweat duct?
Authors: G. Michaelsson, U. Kajermo, A. Michaelsson, E. Hagforsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Infliximab can precipitate as well as worsen palmoplantar pustulosis: possible linkage to the expression of tumour necrosis factor‐α in the normal palmar eccrine sweat duct? Get access G. Michaëlsson, G. Michaëlsson Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, S‐751 85 Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Internal Medicine, Västerviks Hospital, Västervik, Sweden E‐mail: gerd.michaelsson@medsci.uu.se Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Kajermo, U. Kajermo Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, S‐751 85 Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Internal Medicine, Västerviks Hospital, Västervik, Sweden E‐mail: gerd.michaelsson@medsci.uu.se Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Michaëlsson, A. Michaëlsson Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, S‐751 85 Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Internal Medicine, Västerviks Hospital, Västervik, Sweden E‐mail: gerd.michaelsson@medsci.uu.se Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Hagforsen E. Hagforsen Department of Medical Sciences/Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital, S‐751 85 Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Internal Medicine, Västerviks Hospital, Västervik, Sweden E‐mail: gerd.michaelsson@medsci.uu.se Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 6, 1 December 2005, Pages 1243–1244, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06977.x Published: 01 December 2005
Current NHS trust efficiencies are likely to dry up next year, experts say
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Most NHS organisations in England will meet efficiency targets this year but will struggle to maintain that success next year and beyond, claim experts on health policy.

Witnesses appearing before the parliamentary health select committee on 13 September said they feared that efficiency savings being made this financial year would be extremely difficult to maintain from 2012-13 onwards.

MPs were quizzing witnesses as part of the committee’s first evidence session of its new inquiry into public expenditure.

The committee’s chairman, Stephen Dorrell, the Conservative MP for Charnwood, asked witnesses what progress they thought had been made so far on the government’s drive for the NHS to make £20bn (€23bn; $32bn) worth of efficiency savings by 2015. …
Reporter systems for<i>in vivo</i>tracking of lactic acid bacteria in animal model studies
Authors: Winschau F van Zyl, Shelly M Deane, Leon M T Dicks
Journal: Gut Microbes (2015)

Bioluminescence (BLI) and fluorescence imaging (FI) allow for non-invasive detection of viable microorganisms from within living tissue and are thus ideally suited for in vivo probiotic studies. Highly sensitive optical imaging techniques detect signals from the excitation of fluorescent proteins, or luciferase-catalyzed oxidation reactions. The excellent relation between microbial numbers and photon emission allow for quantification of tagged bacteria in vivo with extreme accuracy. More information is gained over a shorter period compared to traditional pre-clinical animal studies. The review summarizes the latest advances in in vivo bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging and points out the advantages and limitations of different techniques. The practical application of BLI and FI in the tracking of lactic acid bacteria in animal models is addressed.
Specialised treatment based on cognitive behaviour therapy versus usual care for tinnitus: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rilana FF Cima, Iris H Maes, Manuela A Joore, Dyon JWM Scheyen, Amr El Refaie, David M Baguley, Lucien JC Anteunis, Gerard JP van Breukelen, Johan WS Vlaeyen
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Relation of red blood cell distribution width with long-term survival in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Sedat Altin, Ekrem C. Seyhan, Sinem Sökücü, Seda Tural, Imran Tural, Gülsah Günlüoglu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac comorbidities are frequent in COPD patients. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), an automated measure of red blood cell size heterogeneity (eg, anisocytosis) that is largely overlooked, is a newly recognized risk marker in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). RDW may reflect nutritional deficiencies, bone marrow dysfunction, or systemic inflammation. To study the long-term prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to compare the value of this measurement with haemoglobin levels and anaemia status.   Methods:  During a 4-year period, we studied 149 consecutive patients (aged 61 years, 128 male) hospitalized with COPD. Demographic, clinical, echocardiographical, and laboratory characteristics were registered at discharge and patients were closely followed-up for 40 months (25–49).   Results:  Median RDW was 14.6% (13.5– 16.5) and was higher among decedents (P    Conclusion:  In the acute exacerbation of COPD higher RDW levels at discharge were associated with a worse long-term outcome, regardless of haemoglobin levels and anaemia status.
Risk of diphtheria among schoolchildren in the Russian Federation in relation to time since last vaccination
Authors: Charles R Vitek, Muireann B Brennan, Carol A Gotway, Vera Y Bragina, Nadezhda V Govorukina, Olga N Kravtsova, Philip H Rhodes, Kristine M Bisgard, Peter M Strebel
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
Incremental value of the exercise test for diagnosing the presence or absence of coronary artery disease.
Authors: L Goldman, E F Cook, N Mitchell, M Flatley, H Sherman, R Rosati, F Harrell, K Lee, P F Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To determine the incremental value of the exercise test (ETT) for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD), we derived a multivariate logistic regression model for the pre-ETT prediction of CAD using data from 3840 patients at Duke University. We then applied the model to 324 patients at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. Using seven clinical factors, the multivariate model had an 84% overall predictive accuracy on both the training (Duke) and the validation (Brigham) sets of patients. Three ETT factors (ST-segment change in patients not taking digitalis, absence of ST-segment change in patients taking digitalis, ETT stopped because of ECG or blood pressure changes) had incremental, significant predictive power, but overall predictive accuracy based on both clinical and ETT factors improved only to 87%. When the ETT result was important enough to move the probability of CAD across a potential therapeutic threshold, the direction of the change in probability was correct only two-thirds of the time. Thus, the ETT was of limited value in predicting the presence or absence of CAD after other easily obtainable clinical data were taken into account.
A novel Saa3-promoter reporter distinguishes inflammatory subtypes in experimental arthritis and human synovial fibroblasts
Authors: J. Geurts, E. A. Vermeij, D. Pohlers, O. J. Arntz, R. W. Kinne, W. B. van den Berg, F. A. van de Loo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the applicability of a lentiviral (LV) serum amyloid A3 (<i>Saa3</i>)-promoter luciferase (Luc) reporter for assessing inflammation in experimental arthritis, synovial fibroblasts (SF) from osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> In mice, synovium was transduced in vivo by cholesterol optimised LV, and two flares of acute joint inflammation were induced by injection of streptococcal cell wall (SCW) material into the knee-joint cavity. The time course of synovial inflammation was assessed using ex vivo luciferase assays, and histology. Uptake of <sup>99m</sup>technetium (Tc) was used to assess oedema. SF (n=12) of RA and OA patients were stratified by hierarchical clustering of whole genome expression profiles. Relative <i>Saa3</i>-promoter responses were determined in cytokine- or toll-like receptor (TLR)-stimulated SF subgroups. <h3>Results</h3> In vivo, the <i>Saa3</i>-promoter reporter activity was strongly upregulated at 1 and 2 days after the first and second SCW challenge. The <i>Saa3</i>-promoter activities during acute inflammation correlated with Tc uptake measurements but were more sensitive and able to respond to the ongoing synovitis in the chronic phase of SCW arthritis. Molecular stratification defined two inflammatory SF subtypes, unrelated to disease classification. Relative <i>Saa3</i>-promoter responses to interleukin 1β, tumour necrosis factor α and TLR4 agonist were significantly increased in OA/RA SF with a high compared to a low inflammatory profile subtype. Serum stimulation of the <i>Saa3</i>-promoter reporter cell-line could distinguish between healthy and RA patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The <i>Saa3</i>-promoter reporter demonstrates a robust and feasible tool for assessing the course and severity of experimental arthritis and for distinguishing molecularly distinct inflammatory SF subtypes from a heterogeneous patient population.
Deficiency of programmed cell death 4 results in increased IL-10 expression by macrophages and thereby attenuates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice
Authors: Yang Jiang, Qi Gao, Liyang Wang, Chun Guo, Faliang Zhu, Bo Wang, Qun Wang, Fei Gao, Youhai Chen, Lining Zhang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
The role of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment in newly-diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients aged &gt;60 years
Authors: R. Latagliata, G. Avvisati, F.Lo. Coco, M.C. Petti, D. Diverio, A. Spadea, P. Fazi, C. Torromeo, M. Breccia, F. Malagrnno, F. Mandelli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Abdominal epilepsy, an uncommon cause of recurrent abdominal pain: a brief report
Authors: S. R. Dutta, I. Hazarika, B. P. Chakravarty
Journal: Gut (2007)

Abdominal epilepsy is an uncommon cause of recurrent abdominal pain.1,2 It is characterised by paroxystic episodes of abdominal pain, diverse abdominal complaints, definite EEG abnormalities and favourable response to the introduction of epilepsy drugs.1

We describe four patients, with recurrent abdominal pain, without obvious associated symptoms suggestive of central nervous system abnormalities, but each had definite EEG abnormalities and a striking response to anticonvulsant drugs.

A 15-year-old boy presented with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting for the past 12 years. The pain was localised in the epigastric region and its duration varied from 30 min to 1 h. The paroxysms were sudden in onset and subsided spontaneously. The episodes occurred every 3–4 months, and were followed by lethargy.

On investigating, the gastrointestinal barium study showed features suggestive of duodenal inversus.

While performing an exploratory laparotomy, it was noted that besides having intestinal malrotation, the patient also had multiple congenital bands with adhesions. Gastrojejunostomy and adhesionolysis were carried out.

During the postoperative follow-up, the patient again developed symptoms of abdominal pain and vomiting.

A CT scan of the brain was performed, which was normal. However, the EEG recording showed right temporal focal seizure discharge with generalisation, with diffuse cortical dysfunction in the form of slowing (fig 1). An MRI of the brain was performed, which was found to be normal.



 Figure 1  
 Awake EEG record showing high-voltage generalised slowing.



The patient started treatment with oxcarbazepine and remained asymptomatic for 6 months. He again had a relapse of his symptoms. Doubting his compliance with the drug …
Biodistribution of Antibodies After Intraperitoneal or Intravenous Injection and Effect of Carbohydrate Modifications&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M J Mattes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

These studies were designed to improve the strategy for intraperitoneal immunotherapy of human ovarian carcinoma with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Since ovarian tumor cells generally appear to be confined to the peritoneal cavity, regional therapy is appropriate and can reduce the need for strictly tumor-specific MAbs. In normal mice, with the use of radioiodine-labeled MAbs, transfer from peritoneal cavity to blood was found to be very rapid, within hours, and this transfer was delayed slightly by increasing the volume injected. The presence of ascitic fluid in mice greatly delayed the rate of transfer. For reduction of possible toxicity for normal cells outside the peritoneal cavity, the hepatic receptor for desialylated serum glycoproteins was used. Neuraminidase treatment of all major mouse immunoglobulin classes and subclasses, including IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgA, did not cause their rapid blood clearance, although similar treatment of fetuin was effective. Conjugation of IgG with galactose, with use of the cyanomethyl derivative, did result in very rapid blood clearance via the hepatic lectin; within 3 minutes clearance was essentially complete. The specificity of uptake was demonstrated by inhibition with desialylated fetuin. Degradation within the liver, release of the radioiodine, and excretion from the animal were also quite rapid, within hours. This conjugation procedure had no effect on the antibody activity of the two MAbs tested. Such modified MAbs, therefore, are degraded almost immediately after entering the blood and would be advantageous in intraperitoneal therapy and in other situations in which regional immunotherapy is appropriate.
Effects of age, antigen deprivation, and allograft rejection on epithelial cell kinetics in mouse colon.
Authors: R J Holden, A Ferguson
Journal: Gut (1979)

A technique of microdissection of colonic mucosa has allowed the study of mitotic activity, measured by metaphase accumulation following colchicine blockade, in individual crypts of mouse colon. The changes occurring during growth and development of normal colon have been studied and compared with changes found in antigen free colon (colonic isografts) and in cell-mediated immune damage of the bowel (allograft rejection). Metaphase accumulation was steady at two metaphases per hour in baby mouse colon until 18 days after birth. Between 18 and 24 days a rapid, and significant increase in mitotic activity occurred (P less than 0.01), reached adult values, and changed no further. Metaphase accumulation in isografts was similar to normal colon for the first two weeks after transplantation but the rise in mitotic activity in the third week did not occur. Allografts of colon showed two- to three-fold increases in metaphase accumulation when compared with both normal colon and isografts (P less than 0.01). When crypt mitotic activity was compared with the length of crypts measured in histological sections of normal colon, isografts, and allografts, no clear relationship was observed. Both changes in the luminal environment of the gut at the time of weaning and cell-mediated immune reactions in the colonic wall appeared to be associated with increased mitotic activity in colonic crypts.
In Vivo Insulin Sensitivity and Lipoprotein Particle Size and Concentration in Black and White Children
Authors: Stephen F. Burns, SoJung Lee, Silva A. Arslanian
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To examine sex-specific black/white differences in lipoprotein profile and the role of visceral adiposity and to assess the relationship between insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein profiles in each group. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fasting lipoprotein particle size and concentration and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were determined in 226 children (117 black, 101 male) aged 8 to &amp;lt;18 years. The relationship between lipoproteins and insulin sensitivity was evaluated in a subset of 194 children (100 black, 88 male) who underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. RESULTS Black male children had smaller VLDL and black female children had larger HDL size than their white counterparts. Overall, blacks had larger LDL size with no sex-specific race differences. After adjusting for VAT and sex, only VLDL size and concentrations remained significantly favorable in blacks. Analysis of lipoprotein particle size and concentration across insulin sensitivity quartiles revealed that in both racial groups, the most insulin-resistant children had higher concentrations of small dense LDL, small HDL, and large VLDL and smaller LDL and HDL sizes than their more insulin-sensitive counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The previously reported favorable lipoprotein profiles in black versus white children is partly due to race differences in VAT. In both groups, however, the most insulin-resistant youths have a high-risk atherogenic profile of small dense LDL, small HDL, and large VLDL, akin to the atherogenic lipoprotein pattern in adults with coronary artery disease.
Ageism in services for transient ischaemic attack and stroke: Clinical leadership is key in changing practice
Authors: S H Guptha, P Owusu-Agyei
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Last year Hern et al published an editorial on knife crime and clearly the problem has not gone away. 1 A quick search of the Times website finds 90 hits on the single search term "stabbing" in the past three months alone.Several recent deaths have fuelled the perception that forensic knife injuries have become an epidemic, resulting in a knife amnesty and government discussion of new punitive measures.An increase in such injuries is supported by data from regional police forces and the Home Office, with 1200 reported attacks in London last year and 30% of homicides caused by knife injury. 2 Crimes defined as "more serious wounding or other act endangering life" almost doubled nationally from 1995 to 2005. 3 We audited forensic knife injuries at this hospital, one of Europe's busiest emergency departments, to establish the size of this problem in a representative urban area (east London).We extracted data on forensic knife injuries (excluding deliberate self harm) from a detailed prospectively recorded database of all trauma calls from July 2004 to June 2006 (these reflecting more severe injuries).Overall there were 309 forensic knife injuries; 259 patients were admitted, 184 were operated on, and eight died.The chest was the most common area injured (183/309 patients, 6/8 deaths).Most patients were men (297/309), and mean age was 28 (range 15-74).To give a measure of changing incidence over a longer time of a greater range of severity of injury, we also performed an audit of all cases coded as "stabbing" on the patient administration system during the 10 year period from July 1997 to June 2006 (figure).Over both periods, the data show an increase in the overall incidence of stabbings.Furthermore, increased need for surgical intervention in the prospective study may reflect increasing severity of injury.These data therefore seem to support the general perception that knife injuries are increasing.
Pulmonary surfactant subfractions in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: R A Veldhuizen, L A McCaig, T Akino, J F Lewis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Changes in the surfactant system have been observed in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These alterations in surfactant are thought to contribute to lung dysfunction in this disease. In this report we describe the changes in surfactant subfractions in bronchoalveolar wash obtained from five patients with established ARDS compared with five non-ARDS patients. Our results show that, in addition to the changes in surfactant composition and yield reported previously, the ratio of small to large surfactant aggregates is significantly increased in patients with ARDS compared with non-ARDS patients (0.48 +/- 0.09 versus 0.20 +/- 0.05 respectively [p < 0.05]). This increased ratio was associated with a decreased level of SP-A in the large aggregate fraction. We suggest that this increased ratio represents a marker for surfactant alterations in ARDS that is independent of lavage technique and can be measured in a very small surfactant sample.
FeNO Measured at Fixed Exhalation Flow Rate during Controlled Tidal Breathing in Children from the Age of 2 Yr
Authors: FREDERIK BUCHVALD, HANS BISGAARD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We have outlined a new method to measure exhaled nitric oxide on-line at fixed flow rate during controlled tidal breathing (FeNO [controlled]) in young children aged 2 yr and older. FeNO(controlled) measures NO on-line during operator-controlled tidal breathing. The operator targets the exhaled flow of the child within preset limits of 0.4–0.6 L/s by continuously adjusting an expiratory resistance. FeNO(controlled) is estimated during end exhalation. We have validated this method against the reference method of the single breath on-line (SBOL) maneuvre (FeNO[SBOL]) and compared it with NO in mixed exhaled air collected in a bag (FeNO [mixed]). Sixty-seven children were studied: 16 school children and 51 children aged 2–5 yr; 14 of the young children were healthy, 22 had asthma treated with regular inhaled budesonide, and 15 had mild episodic wheeze treated with inhaled terbutaline as necessary. FeNO (controlled) showed good agreement with FeNO(SBOL) (factor difference 0.7–1.4), whereas FeNO(mixed) showed poor agreement with FeNO(SBOL) (factor difference 0.51–5.37). FeNO(controlled) (mean [95% confidence interval]) was 6 ppb (4–8 ppb) in young children with asthma, 5 ppb (3–7 ppb) in young children with mild episodic wheeze, and 3 ppb (2–4 ppb) in healthy control subjects (asthma versus control subjects: p = 0.006; episodic wheeze versus control subjects: p = 0.057). FeNO(controlled) increased from 4 ppb (2–7 ppb) to 13 ppb (10–18 ppb) (p < 0.0001) when the mean daily maintenance dose of budesonide was tapered in nine young children with asthma. FeNO(controlled) is feasible in young children from age 2 and shows better agreement with FeNO(SBOL) than FeNO(mixed). FeNO(controlled) covaries with asthma disease severity and steroid dose. FeNO(controlled) is therefore suggested as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for monitoring asthma disease activity in young children with asthma from the age of 2 yr.