tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Balancing Efficacy and Safety of Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Allen Jeremias, Ajay Kirtane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Drug-eluting stents reduce the occurrence of in-stent restenosis and the need for subsequent target vessel revascularization compared with bare-metal stents. However, the safety of drug-eluting stents has been called into question because of an apparent increase in late stent thrombosis, a frequently fatal event. A substantial body of research has focused on determining the magnitude of these competing events, often reaching contradictory results even with analyses of the same data. Although larger, adequately powered, randomized trials are needed to fully assess the net clinical effects of drug-eluting stents compared with bare-metal stents, the evidence seems to suggest that the net clinical benefit of drug-eluting stents may outweigh their risks. The evidence is clearer that premature discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy is an important trigger for stent thrombosis; therefore, patients who are candidates for implantation of drug-eluting stents should be screened for their ability to receive and tolerate uninterrupted antiplatelet therapy longer than is necessary with bare-metal stents. The evidence suggests that drug-eluting stents relieve obstructive coronary artery disease, provide durable mechanical results, and do more good than harm, but all patients also should be given antiplatelet and other optimal medical therapies to achieve the best outcomes.
The circulating lymphocyte profiles in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus suggest a pathogenetic relationship
Authors: C.H.P. Wouters, C. Diegenant, J.L. Ceuppens, H. Degreef, E.A.M. Stevens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are chronic inflammatory diseases of unknown aetiology; the relationship of DLE with SLE has been a subject of debate for many years. OBJECTIVES; To find evidence for systemic immune activation in DLE by analysis of the immunophenotypic profiles of circulating lymphocytes, and to compare these changes with those in patients with SLE.The immunophenotypic profile of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets from 23 DLE patients without clinical or laboratory evidence of systemic disease, 25 SLE patients and 38 healthy donors was characterized by two-colour immunofluorescence flow cytometry analysis. None of the patients was receiving corticosteroid or immunosuppressive treatment.Patients with DLE had increased numbers of circulating HLA-DR+ CD3+ T cells and HLA-DR+ CD4+ T cells, indicating systemic T-cell activation, and an expansion of CD5+ CD19+ B cells. Decreased numbers of T-cell subsets expressing the differentiation markers CD11b and CD16/56, and of CD16/56+ natural killer cells were also found. In SLE, the changes were similar but more pronounced. In addition, a profound CD4+ T-cell lymphopenia and an increase of HLA-DR+ CD8+ T cells were found only in SLE.Our data provide evidence for systemic activation of the cellular immune system in patients with purely cutaneous DLE. Similarities in the lymphocyte immunophenotypic profiles in patients with DLE compared with SLE suggest that there are common immunopathological processes in these two conditions.
Migratory pulmonary infiltrates in a patient treated with sotalol
Authors: M Faller, E Quoix, E Popin, A Gangi, B Gasser, C Mathelin, G Pauli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Beta-blockers may induce several types of adverse respiratory reaction such as asthma, interstitial lung disease with or without pleural effusion, systemic lupus erythematosus or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. More recently, bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) has been described. We report here on pulmonary migratory infiltrates with combined histopathological features of both BOOP and eosinophilic pneumonia in a woman treated with sotalol long-term. The patient improved only partially with steroids. Tapering off corticosteroid dosage resulted in relapse, and complete recovery was only obtained after sotalol was stopped.
Approval of Provenge Seen As First Step for Cancer Treatment Vaccines
Authors: V. Brower
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

Adecade in development, Dendreon’s prostate cancer vaccine, sipuleucelT (Provenge), has become the first therapeutic cancer vaccine to receive approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The FDA approved Provenge in April to treat metastatic castration (hormone)-resistant prostate cancer. In the phase III trial, known as IMPACT, patients taking Provenge had a 4.1-month median improvement in overall survival. Although 4 months is a modest increase, some view Provenge’s approval as a milestone for the entire class of immunotherapeutic cancer vaccines. “Provenge’s approval is a watershed,” said
Validation of Biomarker-Based Risk Prediction Models
Authors: Jeremy M.G. Taylor, Donna P. Ankerst, Rebecca R. Andridge
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The increasing availability and use of predictive models to facilitate informed decision making highlights the need for careful assessment of the validity of these models. In particular, models involving biomarkers require careful validation for two reasons: issues with overfitting when complex models involve a large number of biomarkers, and interlaboratory variation in assays used to measure biomarkers. In this article, we distinguish between internal and external statistical validation. Internal validation, involving training-testing splits of the available data or cross-validation, is a necessary component of the model building process and can provide valid assessments of model performance. External validation consists of assessing model performance on one or more data sets collected by different investigators from different institutions. External validation is a more rigorous procedure necessary for evaluating whether the predictive model will generalize to populations other than the one on which it was developed. We stress the need for an external data set to be truly external, that is, to play no role in model development and ideally be completely unavailable to the researchers building the model. In addition to reviewing different types of validation, we describe different types and features of predictive models and strategies for model building, as well as measures appropriate for assessing their performance in the context of validation. No single measure can characterize the different components of the prediction, and the use of multiple summary measures is recommended.
Inactivation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) gene induces dermal and pulmonary fibrosis and peripheral microvasculopathy in mice: a new model of experimental scleroderma?
Authors: Mirko Manetti, Irene Rosa, Anna Franca Milia, Serena Guiducci, Peter Carmeliet, Lidia Ibba-Manneschi, Marco Matucci-Cerinic
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a key component of the fibrinolytic system involved in extracellular matrix remodelling and angiogenesis. The cleavage/inactivation of uPAR is a crucial step in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and has been implicated in systemic sclerosis (SSc) microvasculopathy. In the present study, we investigated whether uPAR gene inactivation in mice could result in tissue fibrosis and peripheral microvasculopathy resembling human SSc. <h3>Methods</h3> The expression of the native full-length form of uPAR in human skin biopsies was determined by immunohistochemistry. Skin and lung sections from uPAR-deficient (uPAR<sup>−/−</sup>) and wild-type (uPAR<sup>+/+</sup>) mice at 12 and 24 weeks of age were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, Masson9s trichrome and Picrosirius red. Dermal thickness and hydroxyproline content in skin and lungs were quantified. Dermal myofibroblast and microvessel counts were determined by immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin and CD31, respectively. Endothelial cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL/CD31 immunofluorescence assay. <h3>Results</h3> Full-length uPAR expression was significantly downregulated in SSc dermis, especially in fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Dermal thickness, collagen content and myofibroblast counts were significantly greater in uPAR<sup>−/−</sup> than in uPAR<sup>+/+</sup> mice. In uPAR<sup>−/−</sup> mice, dermal fibrosis was paralleled by endothelial cell apoptosis and severe loss of microvessels. Lungs from uPAR<sup>−/−</sup> mice displayed non-specific interstitial pneumonia-like pathological features, both with inflammation and collagen deposition. Pulmonary pathology worsened significantly from 12 to 24 weeks, as shown by a significant increase in alveolar septal width and collagen content. <h3>Conclusions</h3> uPAR<sup>−/−</sup> mice are a new animal model closely mimicking the histopathological features of SSc. This model warrants future studies.
The effect of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae on serum cytokines and adhesion molecules in hemodialysis patients
Authors: George Tsirpanlis, Stylianos Chatzipanagiotou, Anastasios Ioannidis, Kostantina Ifanti, Pantelis Bagos, Antonis Lagouranis, Cornelia Poulopoulou, Chrysoula Nicolaou
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Challenges to effective cancer control in China, India, and Russia
Authors: Paul E Goss, Kathrin Strasser-Weippl, Brittany L Lee-Bychkovsky, Lei Fan, Junjie Li, Yanin Chavarri-Guerra, Pedro E R Liedke, C S Pramesh, Tanja Badovinac-Crnjevic, Yuri Sheikine, Zhu Chen, You-lin Qiao, Zhiming Shao, Yi-Long Wu, Daiming Fan, Louis W C Chow, Jun Wang, Qiong Zhang, Shiying Yu, Gordon Shen, Jie He, Arnie Purushotham, Richard Sullivan, Rajendra Badwe, Shripad D Banavali, Reena Nair, Lalit Kumar, Purvish Parikh, Somasundarum Subramanian, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Subramania Iyer, Surendra Srinivas Shastri, Raghunadhrao Digumarti, Enrique Soto-Perez-de-Celis, Dauren Adilbay, Vladimir Semiglazov, Sergey Orlov, Dilyara Kaidarova, Ilya Tsimafeyeu, Sergei Tatishchev, Kirill D Danishevskiy, Marc Hurlbert, Caroline Vail, Jessica St Louis, Arlene Chan
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Development of quality indicators for monitoring of the disease course in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: L T C van Hulst, J Fransen, A A d. Broeder, R Grol, P L C M van Riel, M E J L Hulscher
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

To suppress rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' disease activity, it should be periodically measured and patients should be treated on the basis of the disease activity outcomes. Insight into the actual care, by using quality indicators, is the first step in achieving optimal care. The objective of this study was to develop a set of quality indicators to evaluate RA disease course monitoring of rheumatologists in daily clinical practice.A RAND-modified Delphi method in a five-step procedure was applied: a literature search for quality indicators and recommendations about disease course monitoring; a first questionnaire round; a consensus meeting; a second questionnaire round and drawing up the final set.The systematic procedure resulted in the development of 18 quality indicators: 10 process, five structure and three outcome indicators that describe seven domains of disease course monitoring: schedule follow-up visits; measure disease activity; functional impairment; structural damage; change medication; preconditions for measuring disease activity and outcome measures in terms of disease activity.This quality indicator set can be used to assess the quality of disease course monitoring of rheumatologists in daily clinical practice, and to determine for which aspects of disease course monitoring rheumatologists perform well, or where there is room for improvement. This information can be used to improve the quality of disease course monitoring.
IgE Enhances Mouse Mast Cell FcεRI Expression In Vitro and In Vivo: Evidence for a Novel Amplification Mechanism in IgE-dependent Reactions
Authors: Masao Yamaguchi, Chris S. Lantz, Hans C. Oettgen, Ildy M. Katona, Tony Fleming, Ichiro Miyajima, Jean-Pierre Kinet, Stephen J. Galli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

The binding of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to high affinity IgE receptors (Fc(epsilon)RI) expressed on the surface of mast cells primes these cells to secrete, upon subsequent exposure to specific antigen, a panel of proinflammatory mediators, which includes cytokines that can also have immunoregulatory activities. This IgE- and antigen-specific mast cell activation and mediator production is thought to be critical to the pathogenesis of allergic disorders, such as anaphylaxis and asthma, and also contributes to host defense against parasites. We now report that exposure to IgE results in a striking (up to 32-fold) upregulation of surface expression of Fc(epsilon)RI on mouse mast cells in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, baseline levels of Fc(epsilon)RI expression on peritoneal mast cells from genetically IgE-deficient (IgE -/-) mice are dramatically reduced (by approximately 83%) compared with those on cells from the corresponding normal mice. In vitro studies indicate that the IgE-dependent upregulation of mouse mast cell Fc(epsilon)RI expression has two components: an early cycloheximide-insensitive phase, followed by a later and more sustained component that is highly sensitive to inhibition by cycloheximide. In turn, IgE-dependent upregulation of Fc(epsilon)RI expression significantly enhances the ability of mouse mast cells to release serotonin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-4 in response to challenge with IgE and specific antigen. The demonstration that IgE-dependent enhancement of mast cell Fc(epsilon)RI expression permits mast cells to respond to antigen challenge with increased production of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory mediators provides new insights into both the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and the regulation of protective host responses to parasites.
Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in synovial tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: detection by immunohistological staining and in situ hybridisation.
Authors: M Nakashima, K Eguchi, T Aoyagi, I Yamashita, H Ida, M Sakai, H Shimada, Y Kawabe, S Nagataki, T Koji
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVE--The distribution and production of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was examined on the synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS--The localisation of bFGF was determined by an immunohistochemical staining procedure using anti-bFGF monoclonal antibody. The expression of bFGF mRNA was detected by nonradioactive in situ hybridisation using bFGF antisense oligo DNA. RESULTS--The bFGF was found in the synovial lining cell, sublining stromal fibroblast-like cells, and vascular endothelial cells from patients with RA and OA. Little or no bFGF was found in non-inflamed synovium. Immunostaining of bFGF in the synovial cells was more extensive and intense in synovium of patients with RA than that of patients with OA. The nuclei of the synovial lining cell layer were also immunostained. These nuclear staining were more intense in the lining cell layer from RA patients with moderate or severe proliferation of synovial cells than in RA patients with mild proliferation. The bFGF mRNA was also detected in the synovial lining cell layer of the inflamed synovium. CONCLUSION--The synovial lining cells produced bFGF. The proliferation of synovial cells in the inflamed joints may be the results of stimulation by the bFGF in autocrine manner.
Phase II study of sorafenib in combination with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil to treat recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: C. Xue, Y. Huang, P.Y. Huang, Q.T. Yu, J.J. Pan, L.Z. Liu, X.Q. Song, S.J. Lin, J.X. Wu, J.W. Zhang, H.Y. Zhao, F. Xu, J.L. Liu, Z.H. Hu, L.P. Zhao, Y.Y. Zhao, X. Wu, J. Zhang, Y.X. Ma, L. Zhang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
The Role of Research in Viral Disease Eradication and Elimination Programs: Lessons for Malaria Eradication
Authors: Joel G. Breman, Ciro A. de Quadros, Walter R. Dowdle, William H. Foege, Donald A. Henderson, T. Jacob John, Myron M. Levine
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

By examining the role research has played in eradication or regional elimination initiatives for three viral diseases--smallpox, poliomyelitis, and measles--we derive nine cross-cutting lessons applicable to malaria eradication. In these initiatives, some types of research commenced as the programs began and proceeded in parallel. Basic laboratory, clinical, and field research all contributed notably to progress made in the viral programs. For each program, vaccine was the lynchpin intervention, but as the programs progressed, research was required to improve vaccine formulations, delivery methods, and immunization schedules. Surveillance was fundamental to all three programs, whilst polio eradication also required improved diagnostic methods to identify asymptomatic infections. Molecular characterization of pathogen isolates strengthened surveillance and allowed insights into the geographic source of infections and their spread. Anthropologic, sociologic, and behavioural research were needed to address cultural and religious beliefs to expand community acceptance. The last phases of elimination and eradication became increasingly difficult, as a nil incidence was approached. Any eradication initiative for malaria must incorporate flexible research agendas that can adapt to changing epidemiologic contingencies and allow planning for posteradication scenarios.
Case-Control Study of Canine Malignant Lymphoma: Positive Association With Dog Owner's Use of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides
Authors: H M Hayes, R E Tarone, K P Cantor, C R Jessen, D M McCurnin, R C Richardson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Case-Control Study of Canine Malignant Lymphoma: Positive Association With Dog Owner's Use of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides Get access Howard M. Hayes, Howard M. Hayes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert E. Tarone, Robert E. Tarone Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth P. Cantor, Kenneth P. Cantor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carl R. Jessen, Carl R. Jessen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dennis M. McCurnin, Dennis M. McCurnin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ralph C. Richardson Ralph C. Richardson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 17, 4 September 1991, Pages 1226–1231, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.17.1226 Published: 04 September 1991 Article history Received: 19 December 1990 Revision received: 07 May 1991 Accepted: 28 May 1991 Published: 04 September 1991
Book Review Pediatric Neurology for the Clinician Edited by Ronald B. David. 644 pp., illustrated. Norwalk, Conn., Appleton and Lange, 1992. $75. 0-8385-7905-1 Neurologic Aspects of Pediatrics Edited by Bruce O. Berg. 693 pp., illustrated. Boston, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992. $150. 0-7506-9054-2
Authors: E.S. Roach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Evaluation of consultative skills in respiratory medicine using a structured medical consultation.
Authors: D Boudreau, R Tamblyn, L Dufresne
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

An essential component of competency in respiratory medicine is the acquisition of consultative skills. The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) and other certification bodies have recommended a greater emphasis on the evaluation of clinical skills by direct observation. In this study, consultative abilities are assessed using the format of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). A six-case, 160-min-long, examination was administered to three groups of physicians: faculty members, respiratory residents, and junior residents in internal medicine. The overall quality of the consultations was significantly better for the attending physicians when compared with the junior residents, and there was a systematic trend for the quality to improve with increased training. The educational value of the consultation improved significantly with the level of training. There was a tendency for physicians with greater experience to report less of the findings from the history and physical on their consultations. Patient satisfaction, as measured by the standardized patients using an ABIM patient satisfaction questionnaire, did not differ between groups of examinees. The test reliability for the overall quality of consultation score was 0.65. The reliability of a 14-station exam was estimated to be 0.81. This exam proved to be a useful, valid, and moderately reliable tool for assessing the consultative skills of physicians and could prove to be of benefit to clinical training programs.
Systemic sclerosis and bilateral lung transplantation: a single centre experience
Authors: R. Saggar, D. Khanna, D.E. Furst, J.A. Belperio, G.S. Park, S.S. Weigt, B. Kubak, A. Ardehali, A. Derhovanessian, P.J. Clements, S. Shapiro, C. Hunter, A. Gregson, M.C. Fishbein, J.P. Lynch III, D.J. Ross, R. Saggar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Lung involvement is the leading cause of death in systemic sclerosis (SSc), but lung transplantation (LT) for systemic disease remains controversial. Our objective was to comprehensively evaluate post-LT outcomes for SSc compared to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We retrospectively evaluated bilateral LT recipients (LTRs) with SSc or IPF at our centre between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2007. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality at 1 yr post-LT. Secondary end-points included assessments of acute rejection (AR), pulmonary function, infection and chronic rejection. 14 patients with SSc and 38 patients with IPF underwent LT. Apart from a younger SSc cohort (53.2 versus 58.8 yrs; p = 0.02), the two groups were well matched. 1-yr all-cause mortality was no different between SSc (6.6%) and IPF (13.1%) groups, after adjusting for age (p = 0.62). Rates of (AR) ≥2 were significantly increased for the SSc compared with the IPF group (hazard ratio (HR) 2.91; p = 0.007). Other end-points, including chronic rejection, infection and pulmonary function, showed no differences. SSc LTRs experience similar survival 1 yr post-LT when compared to IPF. AR rates may be significantly higher in the SSc group. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine the effects of gastrointestinal dysfunction and AR on late allograft function in SSc LTR.