tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Circular DNA resulting from recombination between V-(D)-J joining signals and switch repetitive sequences in mouse thymocytes.
Authors: D D Davis, K Yoshida, L Kingsbury, H Sakano
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

During the course of analyzing circular DNA in mouse thymocytes, novel recombinants were identified with immunoglobulin heavy chain joining gene and switch region probes. These circles represent excision products of recombination between the heptamer-nonamer motif for V-(D)-J joining and a repetitive sequence for class switching. The molecular mechanisms that generate "hybrid circles" are discussed.
Up Regulation Of Peroxiredoxin 2 Which Is Correlated With Disappearance Of Philadelphia Chromosome In CML Cells Might Have Therapeutic Applications During Imatinib Therapy
Authors: Eun-Sun Yoo, Yeung-Chul Mun, Jee-Young Ahn, Jung-Won Huh, Kyoung Eun Lee, Eunmi Nam, Soon-Nam Lee, Chu-Myong Seong
Journal: Blood (2013)
Neurologic, neuropsychologic, and computed cranial tomography scan abnormalities in 2- to 10-year survivors of small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: B E Johnson, B Becker, W B Goff, N Petronas, M A Krehbiel, R W Makuch, G McKenna, E Glatstein, D C Ihde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

In order to evaluate the relationship between neurologic function and cranial irradiation, 20 patients treated on National Cancer Institute (NCI) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) trials who were alive and free of cancer 2.4 to 10.6 years (median, 6.2) from the start of therapy were studied. All were tested with a neurologic history and examination, mental status examination, neuropsychologic testing, and review of serial computed cranial tomography (CCT) scans. Fifteen patients had been treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), two patients with therapeutic cranial irradiation, and three received no cranial irradiation. All patients but one were ambulatory and none were institutionalized. Fifteen patients (75%) had neurologic complaints, 13 (65%) had abnormal neurologic examinations, 12 (60%) had abnormal mental status examinations, 13 (65%) had abnormal neuropsychologic testing, and 15 (75%) had abnormal CCT scans. Compared with those given low-dose maintenance chemotherapy during PCI using 200 to 300 rad per fraction, patients who were given high-dose induction chemotherapy during the time of cranial irradiation or large radiotherapy fractions (400 rad) were more likely to have abnormal mental status examinations (6/6 v 4/9) and abnormal neuropsychologic tests (6/6 v 4/9), but no major difference in CCT findings was present. CCT scans in the majority of cases (11/18) showed progressive ventricular dilatation or cerebral atrophy up to 8 years after stopping therapy. We conclude neurologic abnormalities are common in long-term survivors of SCLC, and may be more prominent in patients given high-dose chemotherapy during cranial irradiation or treated with large radiotherapy fractions. The CCT scan abnormalities are common and progressive years after prophylactic cranial irradiation and chemotherapy are stopped.
Intracranial aneurysms in polycystic kidney disease linked to chromosome 4.
Authors: M A van Dijk, P C Chang, D J Peters, M H Breuning
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is genetically heterogenous, with at least two chromosomal loci accounting for the disease. When the mutation is located on chromosome 16 (PKD1), extra-renal manifestations such as the rupture of intracranial aneurysms are well known. In the case of localization on chromosome 4 (PKD2), in which the renal disease runs a milder course, not much is known about the incidence of extrarenal manifestations. A PKD2 family is reported in which two members had subarachnoidal bleeding due to intracranial aneurysms; there was strong clinical evidence of subarachnoidal bleeding in a third family member. This indicates that the familial clustering of intracranial aneurysms may also occur in PKD2 families. Because of the considerable mortality and morbidity of intracranial aneurysms, screening with magnetic resonance angiography in PKD2 patients with a positive family history of intracranial aneurysms is recommended.
Cell source determines the immunological impact of biomimetic nanoparticles
Authors: Michael Evangelopoulos, Alessandro Parodi, Jonathan O. Martinez, Iman K. Yazdi, Armando Cevenini, Anne L. van de Ven, Nicoletta Quattrocchi, Christian Boada, Nima Taghipour, Claudia Corbo, Brandon S. Brown, Shilpa Scaria, Xuewu Liu, Mauro Ferrari, Ennio Tasciotti
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)

Recently, engineering the surface of nanotherapeutics with biologics to provide them with superior biocompatibility and targeting towards pathological tissues has gained significant popularity. Although the functionalization of drug delivery vectors with cellular materials has been shown to provide synthetic particles with unique biological properties, these approaches may have undesirable immunological repercussions upon systemic administration. Herein, we comparatively analyzed unmodified multistage nanovectors and particles functionalized with murine and human leukocyte cellular membrane, dubbed Leukolike Vectors (LLV), and the immunological effects that may arise in vitro and in vivo. Previously, LLV demonstrated an avoidance of opsonization and phagocytosis, in addition to superior targeting of inflammation and prolonged circulation. In this work, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the importance of the source of cellular membrane in increasing their systemic tolerance and minimizing an inflammatory response. Time-lapse microscopy revealed LLV developed using a cellular coating derived from a murine (i.e., syngeneic) source resulted in an active avoidance of uptake by macrophage cells. Additionally, LLV composed of a murine membrane were found to have decreased uptake in the liver with no significant effect on hepatic function. As biomimicry continues to develop, this work demonstrates the necessity to consider the source of biological material in the development of future drug delivery carriers.
Melphalan, Antimelanoma Immunity, and Inflammation—Letter
Authors: Anna Martner, Junko Johansson, Ilan Ben-Shabat, Roger Olofsson Bagge
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

The recent study by Dudek-Perić and colleagues aimed at delineating immunogenic properties of melphalan, with focus on its use in isolated limb perfusion (Mel-ILP) in metastatic melanoma (1). The authors demonstrated that mice vaccinated with melphalan-treated melanoma cells were protected from challenge with viable melanoma cells in vivo in a CD8+ T-cell–dependent manner (1). However, it remains to be clarified whether Mel-ILP triggers T-cell–dependent regression of melanoma also in humans. We asked whether the patients' T-cell phenotypes in blood prior to Mel-ILP might herald efficiency of response. Thus, the absolute counts of peripheral blood CD8+ T cells and their expression of activation markers immediately prior to Mel-ILP were assessed by flow cytometry in 43 patients with in-transit melanoma metastases, as described in a previous pilot study (2). We observed that patients who achieved a complete response (CR) after Mel-ILP, i.e., a complete disappearance of macroscopic tumors, showed higher counts of CD3+CD8+ CD45RA+ T cells and of activated CD3+HLADR+ T cells than those not achieving CR (Fig. 1A). The levels of CD3+CD8+ CD45RA+ T cells remained significantly associated with CR also after correction for multiple analyses using the Bonferroni method. We also noted that patients achieving CR had significantly higher ratios of CD8+CD45RA+/CD8+CD45RO+ T cells in blood (P = 0.004, Mann–Whitney test; Fig. 1B). Fifteen of 19 patients achieving CR had a CD8+CD45RA+/CD8+CD45RO+ ratio above 1 versus 6 of 19 patients not achieving CR (P = 0.008, Fisher exact test). As CD45RA is expressed by naïve as well as by effector T cells, further studies are needed to define which subpopulation of T cells correlates to melphalan responsiveness. Our results, which should be validated in larger studies, provide indirect support to the concept of immunogenic cell death after Mel-ILP in human melanoma and point toward CD8+ T cells as a relevant effector cell population.See the Response, p. 5400
Emergence of MRSA infections in horses in a veterinary hospital: strain characterisation and comparison with MRSA from humans
Authors: C Cuny, J Kuemmerle, C Stanek, B Willey, B Strommenger, W Witte
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has become an emerging public health problem worldwide, no longer only associated with healthcare-associated infections. With the exception of some recent reports concerning infections in cats, dogs and horses, infections with MRSA in companion animals have been infrequently reported. Here we submit findings for MRSA infections in horses in a central European university hospital.
SP-D as a biomarker for COPD in the Lebanese population
Authors: Zeina Akiki, Dalia Fakih, Rania Jounblat, Souleima Chamat, Mirna Waked, Grith Lykke Sørensen, Rachel Nadif, Pascale Salameh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a promising systemic biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was never evaluated in the Lebanese population.

Objective : The validity of serum SP-D as a biomarker for COPD, in comparison with C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen was investigated. Associations between SP-D levels and lung function tests and the value of combining SP-D and the Diagnosis Score of COPD (DS-COPD) for COPD diagnosis were also evaluated.

Methods: 90 COPD patients and 452 controls were recruited. Standardized questionnaires, lung function tests, COPD diagnosis (GOLD 2013), and blood collection were performed. Serum SP-D and CRP, and plasma fibrinogen levels were measured by ELISA. Associations between biological markers with lung function parameters and COPD were estimated by spearman correlation and logistic regression models respectively.

Results: Median serum SP-D levels for COPD patients were 1510 ng/mL (from 986 to 2174 ng/mL). SP-D levels were positively associated with age and pack-years in controls (all p<0.01). SP-D levels above the median value were positively associated with COPD (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.86, 95%CI: 1.37-5.98). Higher DS-COPD values (aOR=1.8, 1.49-2.16) and SP-D levels above the median value (aOR=3.51, 1.21-10.1) were significantly and independently associated with COPD in patients and healthy controls aged 40 years or above. No associations were found between CRP, fibrinogen levels and COPD, or between SP-D levels and lung function tests.

Conclusion : SP-D seems to be a more reliable biomarker than CRP or fibrinogen for COPD diagnosis in the Lebanese population. Used with the DSCOPD, the SP-D measure could provide a simple and inexpensive tool for COPD diagnosis.
Scaling Up International Food Aid: Food Delivery Alone Cannot Solve the Malnutrition Crisis
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

An important challenge in preventing malnutrition is determining which of these three basic determinants should be the priority target. This is a highly contentious issue within the child nutrition community, and there does not seem to be a consensus. Some nutrition experts and health agencies, for example, believe that the focus should be on boosting caregiver resources—particularly educating mothers to feed their children the right foods [6,7]. The World Bank argues that most serious malnutrition is caused by bad sanitation and disease, leading to diarrhea, especially among young children, and that “women’s status and women’s education play big parts in improving nutrition” [7].
Renal protection by a dual ETA/ETB endothelin antagonist, L-754,142, after aortic cross-clamping in the dog.
Authors: S M Krause, T F Walsh, W J Greenlee, R Ranaei, D L Williams, S D Kivlighn
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Renal insufficiency is a significant complication that occurs after surgical procedures, requiring cross-clamping of the aorta. The mechanism for this renal dysfunction is currently not known, but studies suggest a potential role of endothelin in mediating the insufficiency. Accordingly, the role of endothelin was assessed using the nonpeptidyl, dual ETA/ETB endothelin antagonist L-754,142 in a model of renal insufficiency in the anesthetized dog induced by cross-clamping the suprarenal aorta for 60 min, followed by 2 h of reperfusion. In vehicle-treated animals (saline, n = 8) after 2 h of reperfusion, plasma [ET-1] increased 66% and renal blood flow (RBF) was reduced by 38% compared with baseline. This decline was associated with an 84% increase in renal vascular resistance and a 54% reduction in GFR (baseline, 46 +/- 5 ml/min; 21 +/- 3 ml/min at 2 h; P < 0.01) and sodium reabsorption (baseline, 6.7 +/- 0.7 microEq/min; 3.0 +/- 0.5 microEq/min at 2 h, P < 0.01). After baseline measurements, pretreatment with L-754,142 at 0.3 mg/kg bolus + 0.1 mg/kg per h continuous infusion (low dose; n = 8) or 3.0 mg/kg bolus + 1 mg/kg per h infusion (high dose; n = 8) initiated 45 min before aortic cross-clamp led to a dose-dependent normalization of RBF and renal vascular resistance within 2 h of cross-clamp removal. GFR was also improved and returned to within 75% of baseline (P < 0.01 versus vehicle) by 2 h of reperfusion with L-754,142 (baseline, 55 +/- 5 ml/min; 42 +/- 5 ml/min at 2 h with the high dose). The improvement of GFR with L-754,142 treatment was associated with a preservation of sodium reabsorption compared with vehicle-treated animals. This study supports a role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of renal insufficiency after aortic cross-clamping and demonstrates that pretreatment with the dual ETA/ETB endothelin antagonist L-754,142 preserves RBF and sodium reabsorption, leading to a significant improvement in GFR.
Dose-Finding Trials
Authors: Kert Viele, Jason T. Connor
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema in Scleroderma‐Related Lung Disease Has a Major Confounding Effect on Lung Physiology and Screening for Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: K. M. Antoniou, G. A. Margaritopoulos, N. S. Goh, K. Karagiannis, S. R. Desai, A. G. Nicholson, N. M. Siafakas, J. G. Coghlan, C. P. Denton, D. M. Hansell, A. U. Wells
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

To assess the prevalence of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and the effect of CPFE on the pulmonary function tests used to evaluate the severity of SSc-related ILD and the likelihood of pulmonary hypertension (PH).High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans were obtained in 333 patients with SSc-related ILD and were evaluated for the presence of emphysema and the extent of ILD. The effects of emphysema on the associations between pulmonary function variables and the extent of SSc-related ILD as visualized on HRCT and echocardiographic evidence of PH were quantified.Emphysema was present in 41 (12.3%) of the 333 patients with SSc-related ILD, in 26 (19.7%) of 132 smokers, and in 15 (7.5%) of 201 lifelong nonsmokers. When the extent of fibrosis was taken into account, emphysema was associated with significant additional differences from the expected values for diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) (average reduction of 24.1%; P < 0.0005), and the forced vital capacity (FVC)/DLco ratio (average increase of 34.8%; P < 0.0005) but not FVC. These effects were identical in smokers and nonsmokers. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of emphysema had a greater effect than echocardiographically determined PH on the FVC/DLco ratio, regardless of whether it was analyzed as a continuous variable or using a threshold value of 1.6 or 2.0.Among patients with SSc-related ILD, emphysema is sporadically present in nonsmokers and is associated with a low pack-year history in smokers. The confounding effect of CPFE on measures of gas exchange has major implications for the construction of screening algorithms for PH in patients with SSc-related ILD.
Prevalence of Psoriatic Arthritis in Primary Care Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Maren C. Karreman, Angelique E. A. M. Weel, Myrthe van der Ven, Marijn Vis, Ilja Tchetverikov, Tamar E. C. Nijsten, Marlies Wakkee, Johanna M. W. Hazes, Jolanda J. Luime
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

To estimate the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in primary care patients diagnosed as having psoriasis and to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in psoriasis patients in primary care.We conducted a cross-sectional study in adult primary care patients with psoriasis. Responding patients reporting pain in joints, entheses, or the lower back were interviewed by telephone to determine eligibility and, if eligible, were invited for clinical evaluation. During clinical evaluation, skin, nails, joints, and entheses were assessed. Additionally, ultrasound of the enthesis was performed by an independent trained examiner if a patient had at least 1 tender enthesis (determined by the Leeds Enthesitis Index and the Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score). Patients who fulfilled the Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) Study Group criteria were classified as having PsA.We invited 2,564 psoriasis patients from databases of 97 participating general practitioners. Of 1,673 responders (65.2%), 841 (50.3%) were willing to participate. A total of 823 patients (32.1%) reported having musculoskeletal symptoms; 659 of these patients were determined to be eligible, 524 of whom were clinically evaluated. We identified 64 cases of established PsA and another 17 cases of newly diagnosed PsA, leading to a prevalence of 3.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.5-3.9) among psoriasis patients in primary care. This prevalence would increase to 4.6% (95% CI 3.8-5.4) if PsA cases based on enthesitis were also taken into account.Among psoriasis patients in primary care, the prevalence of PsA is conservatively estimated to be 3.2%, increasing to 4.6% if enthesitis is taken into account. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among psoriasis patients is comparable with the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the general population.
ERCP-directed radiofrequency ablation of ampullary adenomas: a knife-sparing alternative in patients unfit for surgery
Authors: Roberto Valente, Ondrej Urban, Marco Del Chiaro, Gabriele Capurso, John Blomberg, J. Löhr, Urban Arnelo
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

The management of ampullary adenomas includes surgical and endoscopic ampullectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy. The latter is associated with prolonged hospital stay, increased morbidity, and increased costs. Mortality rates of up to 15 % have been reported [1] [2] [3] [4]. Because the surgical risks may outweigh the benefits and endoscopic ampullectomy is less radical, with recurrence or incomplete resection in up to 30 % of cases [4] [5], adjunctive minimally invasive endoscopic treatments are needed.
Gastrostomy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ProGas): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Christopher Mcdermott, Sheffi Eld, Pamela Shaw, Theocharis Stavroulakis, Stephen Walters, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Siddharthan Chandran, Francesca Crawley, David Dick, Colette Donaghy, Penelope Eames, Mark Fish, Carol Gent, George Gorrie, Hisham Hamdalla, Oliver Hanemann, Michael Johnson, Tahir Majeed, Andrea Malaspina
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2015)

Gastrostomy feeding is commonly used to support patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who develop severe dysphagia. Although recommended by both the American Academy of Neurology and the European Federation of Neurological Societies, currently little evidence indicates the optimum method and timing for gastrostomy insertion. We aimed to compare gastrostomy insertion approaches in terms of safety and clinical outcomes.In this large, longitudinal, prospective cohort study (ProGas), we enrolled patients with a diagnosis of definite, probable, laboratory supported, or possible amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who had agreed with their treating clinicians to undergo gastrostomy at 24 motor neuron disease care centres or clinics in the UK. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality after gastrostomy. This study was registered on the UK Clinical Research Network database, identification number 9923.Between Nov 2, 2010, and Jan 31, 2014, 345 patients were recruited of whom 330 had gastrostomy. 163 (49%) patients underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, 121 (37%) underwent radiologically inserted gastrostomy, 43 (13%) underwent per-oral image-guided gastrostomy, and three (1%) underwent surgical gastrostomy. 12 patients (4%, 95% CI 2·1-6·2) died within the first 30 days after gastrostomy: five (3%) of 163 after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, four (3%) of 121 after radiologically inserted gastrostomy, and three (7%) of 43 after per-oral image-guided gastrostomy (p=0·46). Including repeat attempts in 14 patients, 21 (6%) of 344 gastrostomy procedures could not be completed: 11 (6%) of 171 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies, seven (6%) of 121 radiologically inserted gastrostomies, and three (6%) of 45 per-oral image-guided gastrostomies (p=0·947).The three methods of gastrostomy seemed to be as safe as each other in relation to survival and procedural complications. In the absence of data from randomised trials, our findings could inform clinicians and patients in reaching decisions about gastrostomy and will stimulate further research into the nutritional management in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Motor Neurone Disease Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (MNDA) and the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN).