tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
638 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING WITH GADOXETIC ACID ADMINISTERED PRIOR TO RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION CAN ASSESS ABLATIVE MARGIN
Authors: M. Koda, S. Tokunaga, Y. Fujise, M. Kishina, J. Kato, T. Matono, K. Hosho, Y. Murawaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Gender differences in airway behaviour
Authors: A. MORICE
Journal: Thorax (2000)

We were surprised to read in the exhaustive and, some might say, exhausting review of gender differences in airway behaviour by Becklake and Kauffmann1 that the most common respiratory symptom—namely, cough—deserved only a single sentence and was then dismissed. In fact, the most dramatic gender difference in airway sensitivity is seen with the cough reflex. We studied 163 consecutive, healthy, non-smoking volunteers (90 women, mean age 32 years) with an inhalation cough challenge of five one-second inhalations of 10% citric acid delivered from a Mefar dosimeter. Women coughed over 50% more than men …
Relationship between Body Surface Potential and Ventricular Excitation in the Dog
Authors: JOHN P. BOINEAU, MADISON S. SPACH, THEO C. PILKINGTON, ROGER C. BARR
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The distribution of body surface potential was studied in normal dogs by time normalization of nonsimuitaneously recorded voltages from 200 thoracic electrocardiograms using a digital computer technique. In addition, ventricular excitation data were obtained in the same animals using Scher myo-cardial plunge electrodes. Subsequently, the external surface voltage distribution was correlated spatially and temporally with the process of ventricular activation. It was noted that "dipolar" and "nondipolar" surface voltage patterns were related to the configuration of the instantaneous activation distribution in the ventricles. The reproducibility of the data obtained from the body surface and within the ventricles, and the observed consistent correlations between these two events indicate that there is a predictable relationship between major "inside-outside" activities.
Preradiotherapy Hemoglobin Level but not Microvessel Density Predicts Locoregional Control and Survival in Laryngeal Cancer Treated with Primary Radical Radiotherapy
Authors: Hedda Haugen, Bengt Magnusson, Marie Svensson, Claes Mercke
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the roles of preradiotherapy hemoglobin level and microvessel density (MVD) as predictive factors for tumor control and survival in patients with laryngeal cancer treated with primary radiotherapy. Experimental Design: Two hundred and fourteen patients with stage I-IV laryngeal cancer were included in the analysis. Patients were treated with once daily fractionated radiotherapy over 6.5 weeks or twice daily fractionated radiotherapy over 4.5 weeks up to total doses of 62 to 68 Gy. Preradiotherapy hemoglobin levels were obtained from patient journals, and pretreatment tumor biopsies were stained with CD34 antibody for the counting of microvessels. The prognostic implication of preradiotherapy hemoglobin level and MVD on tumor control and survival was tested. Results: Five-year locoregional control probability was 88.9% for patients with preradiotherapy hemoglobin levels &amp;gt;137.5 g/L (median) and 64.4% for patients with preradiotherapy hemoglobin levels &amp;lt;137.5 g/L (P = 0.01). The corresponding figures for disease-free survival were 87.8 and 62.8% (P = 0.007), respectively, and for overall survival 58.1 and 40.3% (P &amp;lt; 0.001), respectively. In multivariate analysis, tumor stage and preradiotherapy hemoglobin level were significant prognostic factors for locoregional control and disease-free survival, whereas tumor stage, preradiotherapy hemoglobin-level, gender, and age were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. No correlation was found between MVD and tumor control and survival. Conclusion: Preradiotherapy hemoglobin level, but not MVD, predicts locoregional control and survival in patients with laryngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy.
Inflammatory Lung Secretions Inhibit Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function via Neutrophil Elastase
Authors: Ali Roghanian, Ellen M. Drost, William MacNee, Sarah E. M. Howie, Jean-Michel Sallenave
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Continuous episodes of infection are a feature of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Lung antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) sample inhaled antigen to initiate immune responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that inflammatory mediators, such as neutrophil elastase (NE) released into the lung, may be able to modulate their activity.Objective: To determine whether sputum (from patients with COPD and those with CF) or NE can alter DC phenotype and function.Method: NE and sputum samples were incubated with immature or mature murine DCs (mDCs). DC phenotype and function were studied by fluorescence-activated cell sorter and Western Blot analysis, assessing their expression of costimulatory molecules and their ability to induce T cell proliferation.Results: COPD/CF sputum samples and human NE downregulated the expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 (but not major histocompatibility complex II) on DCs and inhibited LPS-induced DC maturation. This effect was partially (sputa) to significantly (NE) reversed by addition of recombinant secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor. Western Blot analysis showed that purified NE degraded CD86 in mDC lysates in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, and caused shedding of CD86 into the supernatants of mDC cultures. NE treatment also inhibited the antigen-presenting ability of mDCs, as measured by their ability to induce ovalbumin-specific D011.10-transgenic T-cell proliferation.Conclusions: Our data indicate that NE in lung inflammatory secretions of patients with COPD/CF may disable DCs and prevent them from mounting an adequate immune response. This may have implications for the infection-driven generation of disease exacerbations in these two pathologies.
GPs in A&amp;E could help tackle rise in emergency hospital admissions
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The NHS is struggling to meet an almost 12% rise in emergency hospital admissions in the past five years that is costing an extra £330m a year, according to a report.

GPs and community services could be the answer to reducing this expensive trend, says the report, published on 5 July by health policy think tank the Nuffield Trust.

The report shows that the number of emergency admissions in England rose by 11.8% between 2004-05 and 2008-09 (from around 4.4 million to 4.9 million admissions)—resulting in a cumulative total for five years of around 1.35 million extra admissions.

For the analysis, the authors used hospital episode statistics from April 2004 to …
Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics of Duplicated Accessory Gland Protein Genes in Drosophila
Authors: Alisha K. Holloway, David J. Begun
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

To investigate the potential importance of gene duplication in D. melanogaster accessory gland protein (Acp) gene evolution we carried out a computational analysis comparing annotated D. melanogaster Acp genes to the entire D. melanogaster genome. We found that two known Acp genes are actually members of small multigene families. Polymorphism and divergence data from these duplicated genes suggest that in at least four cases, protein divergence between D. melanogaster and D. simulans is a result of directional selection. One putative Acp revealed by our computational analysis shows evidence of a recent selective sweep in a non-African population (but not in an African population). These data support the idea that selection on reproduction-related genes may drive divergence of populations within species, and strengthen the conclusion that Acps may often be under directional selection in Drosophila.
Circulating Precursor CCR7loPD-1hi CXCR5+ CD4+ T Cells Indicate Tfh Cell Activity and Promote Antibody Responses upon Antigen Reexposure
Authors: Jing He, Louis M. Tsai, Yew Ann Leong, Xin Hu, Cindy S. Ma, Nina Chevalier, Xiaolin Sun, Kirsten Vandenberg, Steve Rockman, Yan Ding, Lei Zhu, Wei Wei, Changqi Wang, Alexander Karnowski, Gabrielle T. Belz, Joanna R. Ghali, Matthew C. Cook, D. Sean Riminton, André Veillette, Pamela L. Schwartzberg, Fabienne Mackay, Robert Brink, Stuart G. Tangye, Carola G. Vinuesa, Charles R. Mackay, Zhanguo Li, Di Yu
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Community Group of Former Prisoners of War: A Normative Response to Severe Trauma
Authors: Brian Engdahl, Thomas N. Dikel, Raina Eberly, Arthur Blank
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess and describe the long-term impact of traumatic prisoner of war (POW) experiences within the context of posttraumatic psychopathology. Specifically, the authors attempted to investigate the relative degree of normative response represented by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in comparison to other DSM axis I disorders often found to be present, either alone or concomitant with other disorders, in survivors of trauma. METHOD: A community group of 262 U.S. World War II and Korean War former POWs was recruited. These men had been exposed to the multiple traumas of combat, capture, and imprisonment, yet few had ever sought mental health treatment. They were assessed for psychopathology with diagnostic interviews and psychodiagnostic testing. Regression analyses were used to assess the contributions of age at capture, war trauma, and postwar social support to PTSD and the other diagnosed disorders. RESULTS: More than half of the men (53%) met criteria for lifetime PTSD, and 29% met criteria for current PTSD. The most severely traumatized group (POWs held by the Japanese) had PTSD lifetime rates of 84% and current rates of 59%. Fifty-five percent of those with current PTSD were free from the other current axis I disorders (uncomplicated PTSD). In addition, 34% of those with lifetime PTSD had PTSD as their only lifetime axis I diagnosis. Regression analyses indicated that age at capture, severity of exposure to trauma, and postmilitary social support were moderately predictive of PTSD and only weakly predictive of other disorders. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that PTSD is a persistent, normative, and primary consequence of exposure to severe trauma. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1576–1581)
Transcarinal needle aspiration biopsy in the staging of lung cancer
Authors: J Vansteenkiste, LM Lacquet, M Demedts, G Deneffe, E Verbeken
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Lung cancer without distant metastasis often requires an invasive surgical procedure to document inoperability. In order to determine how often puncture biopsy was a valid substitute for a surgical procedure, we investigated the performance of endoscopic staging by means of transcarinal needle aspiration biopsy during rigid bronchoscopy. Eighty lung cancer patients with subcarinal lymph nodes visible on computed tomography (CT) scan were studied. Specimens were of histological quality (i.e. lymph node tissue) in 59 out of 80 (74%) patients, and showed malignant invasion of this lymph node tissue in 43 cases. Specimens of cytological quality (i.e. lymph node cells) were obtained in 13 out of 80 (16%) patients, and showed malignancy in 7 cases. Therefore, adequate evaluation of the subcarinal lymph nodes was possible in 72 out of 80 (90%) patients. In 50 of these 72, malignant mediastinal spread was proven, and further invasive surgical staging could be avoided. Subgroup analysis showed that this outcome tended to be more likely in patients with abnormal endoscopic appearance of the main carina, with locally extensive tumours, and with nonsquamous histology. These results indicate that transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy of subcarinal lymph nodes can be a valuable alternative to more invasive surgical staging in patients selected by CT scan.
DNA damage is a novel response to sublytic complement C5b-9–induced injury in podocytes
Authors: Jeffrey W. Pippin, Raghu Durvasula, Arndt Petermann, Keiju Hiromura, William G. Couser, Stuart J. Shankland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

In response to Ab-complement-mediated injury, podocytes can undergo lysis, apoptosis, or, when exposed to sublytic (<5% lysis) amounts of C5b-9, become activated. Following the insertion of sublytic quantities of C5b-9, there is an increase in signaling pathways and growth factor synthesis and release of proteases, oxidants, and other molecules. Despite an increase in DNA synthesis, however, sublytic C5b-9 is associated with a delay in G(2)/M phase progression in podocytes. Here we induced sublytic C5b-9 injury in vitro by exposing cultured rat podocytes or differentiated postmitotic mouse podocytes to Ab and a complement source; we also studied the passive Heymann nephritis model of experimental membranous nephropathy in rats. A major finding was that sublytic C5b-9-induced injury caused an increase in DNA damage in podocytes both in vitro and in vivo. This was associated with an increase in protein levels for p53, the CDK inhibitor p21, growth-arrest DNA damage-45 (GADD45), and the checkpoint kinases-1 and -2. Sublytic C5b-9 increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK-1 and -2), and inhibiting ERK-1 and -2 reduced the increase in p21 and GADD45 and augmented the DNA damage response to sublytic C5b-9-induced injury. These results show that sublytic C5b-9 induces DNA damage in vitro and in vivo and may explain why podocyte proliferation is limited following immune-mediated injury.
THE ROLE OF LACTIC ACID IN THE REDUCED EXCRETION OF URIC ACID IN TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY *
Authors: Joseph S. Handler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

Wlhen Chesley and Williams demonstrated low uric acid excretion in toxemiiic patients,1 they noted that the reduction in renal urate clearance was rela- tively greater than the reduction in glomerular fil- tration rate (1).This relationship has been con- firmed (2) and is striking when c-ompared with observations on urate excretion in normal slibjects and patients with renal disease.It is gen- erally accepted that tunder normal circtumstances serum urate is completely filtered at the glomertulus and that 5 to 10 per cent of filtered turate ap- pears in the urine (3) ; net tubular reabsorption accounts for the other 90 to 95 per cent.Coombs and co-workers (4), in a sttudy of subjects with various degrees of renal imiipairment, found that as glomerular filtration rate fell, a progressively larger portion of filtered urate was excreted in the urine, uric acid clearance increasing to over 20 per cent of glomerular filtration rate.In pre- eclamptic and eclamptic patients, althotugh glomerular filtration rate is reduced, the ratio of urate clearance to glomerular filtration rate is often lower than normal.Unless there is a redtuction in the filtrability of serum turate, explanation of the low ratio of uric acid clearance to glomiiertular filtra-
Increased Rate of Gene Rearrangement in the Mitochondrial Genomes of Three Orders of Hemipteroid Insects
Authors: Renfu Shao, Nick J. H. Campbell, Evan R. Schmidt, Stephen C. Barker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of most animals studied so far are circular, are about 16 kb in size, and have 13 protein-coding genes (atp6 and atp8 for ATP synthase subunits 6 and 8, cox1–cox3 for cytochrome oxidase subunits 1–3, cob for cytochrome b, nad1–nad6 and nad4L for NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1–6 and 4L), two rRNA genes (rrnL and rrnS for large and small rRNA subunits), 22 tRNA genes (one for each amino acid except for leucine and serine, which have two genes: trnL1 [anticodon sequence tag], trnL2 [taa], trnS1 [gct], and trnS2 [tga]), and one major noncoding region (Wolstenholme 1992). The arrangement of these 37 genes, especially the arrangement of the large genes that encode proteins and rRNAs, is usually conserved in a phylum but varies substantially among phyla (Boore and Brown 1998). However, the arrangement of protein-coding and rRNA genes has also been found to differ at lower taxonomic levels, e.g., in the family Ixodidae (Campbell and Barker 1998, 1999) and in the genus Schistosoma (Le et al. 2000). The arrangement of genes in mt genomes has been studied in more insects than any other group of invertebrates. So far, 15 species of insects have had their mt genomes sequenced completely: eight flies (order Diptera; Clary and Wolstenholme 1985; Lewis, Farr, and Kaguni 1995; Ballard 2000; Lessinger et al. 2000; Spanos et al. 2000; Junqueira et al., unpublished but available in GenBank, accession number NCp002697); two mosquitoes (Diptera; Beard, Hamm, and Collins 1993; Mitchell, Cockburn, and Seawright 1993); the silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera; Lee et al., unpublished but available in GenBank, accession number AF149768); the honeybee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera; Crozier and Crozier 1993); the locust Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera; Flook, Rowell, and Gellissen 1995); the bug Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera; Dotson and Beard 2001; accession number AF301594); and the wallaby louse Heterodoxus macropus (Phthiraptera; Shao, Campbell, and Barker 2001). Furthermore, part of the arrangement of mt genes is known for another 451 species of insects. The species of insects studied prior to this study were from 11 orders, but the vast majority were from four orders: Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera. The first three orders are in the Endopterygota,
Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Retinoblastoma
Authors: Claudia A. Benavente, Michael A. Dyer
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2015)

Retinoblastoma is a pediatric tumor of the developing retina from which the genetic basis for cancer development was first described. Inactivation of both copies of the RB1 gene is the predominant initiating genetic lesion in retinoblastoma and is rate limiting for tumorigenesis. Recent whole-genome sequencing of retinoblastoma uncovered a tumor that had no coding-region mutations or focal chromosomal lesions other than in the RB1 gene, shifting the paradigm in the field. The retinoblastoma genome can be very stable; therefore, epigenetic deregulation of tumor-promoting pathways is required for tumorigenesis. This review highlights the genetic and epigenetic changes in retinoblastoma that have been reported, with special emphasis on recent whole-genome sequencing and epigenetic analyses that have identified novel candidate genes as potential therapeutic targets.
Homeobox Msx1 Interacts with p53 Tumor Suppressor and Inhibits Tumor Growth by Inducing Apoptosis
Authors: Kyoungsook Park, Kwangbae Kim, Seung Bae Rho, Kyusam Choi, Dojin Kim, Sun-Hee Oh, Jinhee Park, Seung-Hoon Lee, Je-Ho Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

The stability of wild-type p53 is critical for its apoptotic function. In some cancers, wild-type p53 is inactivated by interaction with viral and cellular proteins, and restoration of its activity has therapeutic potential. Here, we identify homeobox Msx1 as a p53-interacting protein and show its novel function as a p53 regulator. Overexpression of homeobox Msx1 induced apoptosis of cancer cells harboring nonfunctional wild-type p53 and suppressed growth of human tumor xenografts in nude mice. The homeodomain of Msx1 functions as a protein-protein interacting motif rather than a DNA-binding domain and is essential for stabilization, nuclear accumulation, and apoptotic function of wild-type p53. The identification of a novel function of Msx1 as a p53 regulator may open new avenues for developing improved molecular therapies for tumors with a nonmutational p53 inactivation mechanism.
Electronic Technology
Authors: Thomas Bodenheimer, Kevin Grumbach
Journal: JAMA (2003)

The computer revolution has enormous potential to improve primary care in the areas of medical records, communication between physicians and patients, information sharing among health care providers, and rapid access to reliable medical information for both physicians and patients. A number of barriers must be overcome before computerization is widely embraced in primary care: e-health often takes too much time and is too expensive; the quality of Web-based medical information is inadequate; software programs may not interact with one another; patient privacy must be protected; public and private insurers rarely pay for electronic communication with patients; and the computer could interfere with the patient-physician relationship. Studies have shown that some computerized systems, such as reminder prompts and physician performance feedback, may improve physician performance and patient outcomes, but if these systems are too time-consuming, physicians may not use them. If primary care practices are to benefit from the electronic revolution, they must redesign their clinical processes to ensure that e-health facilitates rather than hinders the work of physicians.
Impact of FLT3 Internal Tandem Duplication on the Outcome of Related and Unrelated Hematopoietic Transplantation for Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Salut Brunet, Myriam Labopin, Jordi Esteve, Jan Cornelissen, Gerard Socié, Anna P. Iori, Leo F. Verdonck, Liisa Volin, Alois Gratwohl, Jorge Sierra, Mohamad Mohty, Vanderson Rocha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and FLT3/internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) have poor prognosis if treated with chemotherapy only. Whether this alteration also affects outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remains uncertain. Patients and Methods We analyzed 206 patients who underwent HLA-identical sibling and matched unrelated HSCTs reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation with a diagnosis of AML with normal cytogenetics and data on FLT3/ITD (present: n = 120, 58%; absent: n = 86, 42%). Transplantations were performed in first complete remission (CR) after myeloablative conditioning. Results Compared with FLT3/ITD-negative patients, FLT3/ITD-positive patients had higher median leukocyte count at diagnosis (59 v 21 × 10 9 /L; P &lt; .001) and shorter interval from CR to transplantation (87 v 99 days; P = .04). Other characteristics were similar in the two groups. At 2 years, relapse incidence (RI; ± standard deviation) was higher (30% ± 5% v 16% ± 5%; P = .006) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) lower (58% ± 5% v 71% ± 6%; P = .04) in FLT3/ITD-positive compared with FLT3/ITD-negative patients. In multivariate analyses, FLT3/ITD led to increased RI (hazard ratio [HR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.46 to 7.94; P = .005), as did older age, female sex, shorter interval between CR and transplantation, and higher number of chemotherapy courses before achieving CR. FLT3/ITD positivity was associated with decreased LFS (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.73; P = .002), along with older age and higher number of chemotherapy courses before achieving CR. Conclusion FLT3/ITD adversely affected the outcome of HSCT in the same direction it does after chemotherapy; despite this, more than half of the patients harboring this mutation who received transplants were alive and leukemia free at 2 years. To further improve the results, use of FLT3 inhibitors before or after HSCT deserves investigation.
Aromatase inhibitor-induced loss of grip strength is body mass index dependent: hypothesis-generating findings for its pathogenesis
Authors: A. Lintermans, B. Van Calster, M. Van Hoydonck, S. Pans, J. Verhaeghe, R. Westhovens, N.L. Henry, H. Wildiers, R. Paridaens, A.S. Dieudonné, K. Leunen, L. Morales, K. Verschueren, D. Timmerman, L. De Smet, I. Vergote, M.R. Christiaens, P. Neven
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)