tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Luigi Luciani and the Earliest Graphic Demonstration of Wenckebach Periodicity
Authors: Charles B. Upshaw, Mark E. Silverman
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Using an isolated frog heart preparation with ligatures around the atria, Luigi Luciani, an Italian physiologist working in 1873 in Carl Ludwig's famous laboratory in Leipzig, was the first to demonstrate cardiac group beating, which he named periodic rhythm. He attributed this to increased resistance to impulse propagation between the atria and the ventricle. Karel F. Wenckebach, in his 1899 landmark report of group beating in a patient in which he also used pulse tracings, credited Luciani with this discovery. Wenckebach referred to the phenomena as "Luciani periods." With the advent of electrocardiography in the early 20th century, this form of group beating became known as Wenckebach periodicity and then as Mobitz type I atrioventricular block. We reanalyzed Luciani's original paper and pulse tracings, and we show that periodic rhythm does indeed meet the criteria of second-degree atrioventricular block as established by Wenckebach. We also reviewed the career of Luciani, who was an important investigator, outstanding teacher and mentor, and distinguished leader of 19th-century physiology. We conclude that Wenckebach still deserves to have his name eponymously attached to this type of atrioventricular block because he was the first to unravel the complicated relationship between atrial and ventricular conduction.
Lymphoma of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue: CT scan findings and pathological correlations
Authors: M Wislez, J Cadranel, M Antoine, B Milleron, M Bazot, C Mayaud, M-F Carette
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The aim of this study was to describe the lesions of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma observed by means of computed tomography (CT) and to determine the value of CT in the management of this disease. Sixty six CT scans were performed in 13 consecutive cases of histologically proven pulmonary MALT lymphoma at the time of diagnosis (n=13) or periodically (n=53). They were reviewed separately with chest radiographs by consensus between two observers. Pulmonary abnormalities were described and compared to histopathological findings on surgical specimens from seven patients. At the time of diagnosis, elementary lesions observed by means of CT consisted of nodular areas of attenuation (12 of 13), linear areas of attenuation (eight of 13) and consolidations (six of 13). All these lesions were centred on airways that appeared dilated in seven cases and were more often bilateral and multiple on CT than on the chest radiographs. CT abnormalities correlated with gross pathological appearance and were related to a lymphomatous infiltration with a peribronchovascular distribution. Pathological examination also confirmed the presence of dilated airways within lymphomatous lesions and showed that the bronchial wall was respected. During follow-up, in patients on chemotherapy, response, relapse or progression were easily identified by means of plain radiography. In the initial evaluation, computed tomography contributed to the choice of therapeutic strategy, avoiding unnecessary surgical resection in one-third of patients. By contrast, it is unclear whether computed tomography is useful for post-treatment follow-up of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
Tandem-repetitive noncoding DNA: forms and forces.
Authors: W Stephan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1989)

A model of sequence-dependent, unequal crossing-over and gene amplification (slippage replication) has been stimulated in order to account for various structural features of tandemly repeated DNA sequences. It is shown that DNA whose sequence is not maintained by natural selection will exhibit repetitive patterns over a wide range of recombination rates as a result of the interaction of unequal crossing-over and slippage replication, processes that depend on sequence similarity. At high crossing-over frequencies, the nucleotide patterns generated in the simulations are simple and highly regular, with short, nearly identical sequences repeated in tandem. Decreasing recombination rates increase the tendency to longer and more-complex repeat units. Periodicities have been observed down to very low recombination rates (one or more orders of magnitude lower than mutation rate). At such low rates, most of the sequences contain repeats which have an extensive substructure and a high degree of heterogeneity among each other; often higher-order structures are superimposed on a tandem array. These results are compared with various structural properties of tandemly repeated DNAs known from eukaryotes, the spectrum ranging from simple-sequence DNAs, particularly the hypervariable mini-satellites, to the classical satellite DNAs, located in chromosomal regions of low recombination, e.g., heterochromatin.
Adult Cancer Pain
Authors: Robert Swarm, Amy Pickar Abernethy, Doralina L. Anghelescu, Costantino Benedetti, Craig D. Blinderman, Barry Boston, Charles Cleeland, Nessa Coyle, Oscar A. deLeon-Casasola, June G. Eilers, Betty Ferrell, Nora A. Janjan, Sloan Beth Karver, Michael H. Levy, Maureen Lynch, Natalie Moryl, Barbara A. Murphy, Suzanne A. Nesbit, Linda Oakes, Eugenie A. Obbens, Judith A. Paice, Michael W. Rabow, Karen L. Syrjala, Susan Urba, Sharon M. Weinstein
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

Pain is a common symptom associated with cancer and its treatment. Pain management is an important aspect of oncologic care, and unrelieved pain significantly comprises overall quality of life. These NCCN Guidelines list the principles of management and acknowledge the range of complex decisions faced in the management oncologic pain. In addition to pain assessment techniques, these guidelines provide principles of use, dosing, management of adverse effects, and safe handling procedures of pharmacologic therapies and discuss a multidisciplinary approach for the management of cancer pain.
Effects of chronic anemia on the coronary and coronary collateral vasculature in dogs.
Authors: K W Scheel, D A Brody, L A Ingram, F Keller
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

We compared coronary resistances and collateral (retrograde) flows for a group of normal dogs (hematocrit 40) to values for a group of dogs with severe chronic anemia (hematocrit 17). We used an isolated heart preparation in which the vessels were maximally dilated by dipyridamole. All data were compared for a hematocrit of 40. The results showed a significant decrease in coronary resistances with anemia; average resistances (+/-SE) of the anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary arteries of the control dogs were 1.04 +/- 0.09,0.74 +/- 0.01, and 2.63 +/- 0.17 mm Hg/[(ml/min)/100 g], respectively, and 0.6 +/- 0.04,0.41 +/- 0.05,and 1.17 +/- 0.15 for the anemic dogs. Average coronary collateral flows increased in anemia but statistical significance could not be shown. We conclude that increased vascularity is a long-term regulatory mechanism in response to a hypoxic stimulus.
Mexiletine for Symptoms and Signs of Myotonia in Nondystrophic Myotonia
Authors: Jeffrey M. Statland
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Nondystrophic myotonias (NDMs) are rare diseases caused by mutations in skeletal muscle ion channels. Patients experience delayed muscle relaxation causing functionally limiting stiffness and pain. Mexiletine-induced sodium channel blockade reduced myotonia in small studies; however, as is common in rare diseases, larger studies of safety and efficacy have not previously been considered feasible.To determine the effects of mexiletine for symptoms and signs of myotonia in patients with NDMs.A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-period crossover study at 7 neuromuscular referral centers in 4 countries of 59 patients with NDMs conducted between December 23, 2008, and March 30, 2011, as part of the National Institutes of Health-funded Rare Disease Clinical Research Network.Oral 200-mg mexiletine or placebo capsules 3 times daily for 4 weeks, followed by the opposite intervention for 4 weeks, with 1-week washout in between.Patient-reported severity score of stiffness recorded on an interactive voice response (IVR) diary (scale of 1 = minimal to 9 = worst ever experienced). Secondary end points included IVR-reported changes in pain, weakness, and tiredness; clinical myotonia assessment; quantitative measure of handgrip myotonia; and Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life summary quality of life score (INQOL-QOL, percentage of maximal detrimental impact).Mexiletine significantly improved patient-reported severity score stiffness on the IVR diary. Because of a statistically significant interaction between treatment and period for this outcome, primary end point is presented by period (period 1 means were 2.53 for mexiletine and 4.21 for placebo; difference, -1.68; 95% CI, -2.66 to -0.706; P < .001; period 2 means were 1.60 for mexiletine and 5.27 for placebo; difference, -3.68; 95% CI, -3.85 to -0.139; P = .04). Mexiletine improved the INQOL-QOL score (mexiletine, 14.0 vs placebo, 16.7; difference, -2.69; 95% CI, -4.07 to -1.30; P < .001) and decreased handgrip myotonia on clinical examination (mexiletine, 0.164 seconds vs placebo, 0.494 seconds; difference, -0.330; 95% CI, -0.633 to -0.142; P < .001). The most common adverse effect was gastrointestinal (9 mexiletine and 1 placebo). Two participants experienced transient cardiac effects that did not require stopping the study (1 in each group). One serious adverse event was determined to be not study related.In this preliminary study of patients with NDMs, the use of mexiletine compared with placebo resulted in improved patient-reported stiffness over 4 weeks of treatment, despite some concern about the maintenance of blinding.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00832000.
Improving adoptive T cell therapy with adenoviruse armed with TNF-α and IL-2
Authors: Riikka Havunen, Mikko Siurala, Suvi Parviainen, Simona Bramante, Dipongor Saha, Siri Tähtinen, Markus Vähä-Koskela, Michael Behr, Dirk Nettelbeck, Anja Ehrhardt, Akseli Hemminki
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts The field of T cell therapy of cancer holds great promise, as demonstrated by results obtained in Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) modified T cell therapy of CD19+ leukemia. However, these anti-tumor effects are often limited by T cell tolerance and the immunosuppressive tumor
The right ventricle following prolonged endurance exercise: are we overlooking the more important side of the heart? A meta-analysis
Authors: Adrian D Elliott, Andre La Gerche
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Aims Prolonged endurance exercise is associated with elevated biomarkers associated with myocardial damage and modest evidence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Recent studies have reported more profound effects on right ventricular (RV) function following endurance exercise. We performed a meta-analysis of studies reporting RV function pre-endurance and postendurance exercise. Methods We performed a search of peer-reviewed studies with the criteria for inclusion in the analysis being (1) healthy adult participants; (2) studies examining RV function following an event of at least 90 min duration; (3) studies reporting RV fractional area change (RVFAC), RV strain (S), RV ejection fraction (RVEF) or tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and (4) studies evaluating RV function immediately (&lt;1 h) following exercise. Results Fourteen studies were included with 329 participants. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed significant impairments of RV function when assessed by RVFAC (weighted mean difference (WMD) −5.78%, 95% CI −7.09% to −4.46%), S (WMD 3.71%, 95% CI 2.79% to 4.63%), RVEF (WMD −7.05%, 95% CI −12.3% to −1.8%) and TAPSE (WMD −4.77 mm, 95% CI −8.3 to −1.24 mm). Modest RV dilation was evident in studies reporting RV systolic area postexercise (WMD 1.79 cm 2 , 95% CI 0.5 to 3.08 cm 2 ). In contrast, no postexercise changes in LV systolic function (expressed as LVFAC or LVEF) were observed in the included studies (standardised mean difference 0.03%, 95% CI −0.13% to 0.18%). Conclusions Intense prolonged exercise is associated with a measurable reduction in RV function while LV function is relatively unaffected. Future studies should examine the potential clinical consequences of repeated prolonged endurance exercise on the right ventricle.
Perioperative Chemotherapy with Folfox in Resectable Gastro-Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma: An AGEO Multicentric Retrospective Study
Authors: Mary Florence, Zaanan Aziz, Malka David, Artru Pascal, Boubaya Marouane, Samalin Emmanuelle, Coriat Romain, Bachet Jean Baptiste, Tougeron David, Benallaoua Mourad, Afchain Pauline, Locher Christophe, Baumgaertner Isabelle, Lecaille Cedric, Aparicio Thomas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The Ross Procedure
Authors: Johanna J.M. Takkenberg, Loes M.A. Klieverik, Paul H. Schoof, Robert-Jan van Suylen, Lex A. van Herwerden, Pieter E. Zondervan, Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink, Marinus J.C. Eijkemans, Magdi H. Yacoub, Ad J.J.C. Bogers
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Reports on outcome after the Ross procedure are limited by small study size and show variable durability results. A systematic review of evidence on outcome after the Ross procedure may improve insight into outcome and potential determinants. Methods and Results— A systematic review of reports published from January 2000 to January 2008 on outcome after the Ross procedure was undertaken. Thirty-nine articles meeting the inclusion criteria were allocated to 3 categories: (1) consecutive series, (2) adult patient series, and (3) pediatric patient series. With the use of an inverse variance approach, pooled morbidity and mortality rates were obtained. Pooled early mortality for consecutive, adult, and pediatric patients series was 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 4.9), 3.2% (95% CI, 1.5 to 6.6), and 4.2% (95% CI, 1.4 to 11.5). Autograft deterioration rates were 1.15% (95% CI, 1.06 to 2.06), 0.78% (95% CI, 0.43 to 1.40), and 1.38%/patient-year (95% CI, 0.68 to 2.80), respectively, and for right ventricular outflow tract conduit were 0.91% (95% CI, 0.56 to 1.47), 0.55% (95% CI, 0.26 to 1.17), and 1.60%/patient-year (95% CI, 0.84 to 3.05), respectively. For studies with mean patient age &gt;18 years versus mean patient age ≤18 years, pooled autograft and right ventricular outflow tract deterioration rates were 1.14% (95% CI, 0.83 to 1.57) versus 1.69% (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.79) and 0.65% (95% CI, 0.41 to 1.02) versus 1.66%/patient-year (95% CI, 0.98 to 2.82), respectively. Conclusions— The Ross procedure provides satisfactory results for both children and young adults. Durability limitations become apparent by the end of the first postoperative decade, in particular in younger patients.
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: J.-i. Ashitani, H. Mukae, H. Taniguchi, T. Ihi, J.-i. Kadota, S. Kohno, S. Matsukura
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known as a potent neutrophil chemotactic glycoprotein in vitro but its contribution to chemotactic activity in neutrophil mediated lung diseases is not yet known. The aims of this study were to determine whether G-CSF is present in high concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, also called cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis), a neutrophil mediated lung disease, and to what extent G-CSF in BAL fluid contributes to neutrophil accumulation in the lung of patients with IPF.G-CSF concentrations in BAL fluid samples from 16 healthy volunteers, 24 patients with IPF, and 73 patients with non-IPF lung disease were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between G-CSF concentrations and neutrophil count in BAL fluid was also examined. Neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) was measured in BAL fluid in healthy volunteers and patients with IPF. The contribution of G-CSF to overall NCA in lungs with IPF was assessed by repeating the measurement of NCA after a complete neutralisation of G-CSF bioactivity by anti-human G-CSF antiserum.Detectable levels of G-CSF were found in BAL fluid of 83% of patients with IPF while the levels in all healthy volunteers were below the detection limit. In patients with IPF a significant correlation was observed between the BAL fluid neutrophil count and the concentration of G-CSF in the BAL fluid. The neutrophil count also correlated significantly with percentage forced vital capacity. In BAL fluid samples from patients with IPF the mean NCA value was reduced by 35% after neutralisation with an anti-human G-CSF antiserum.G-CSF may be involved in enhancing neutrophil accumulation in the lungs of patients with IPF.
Phase II/III Study of R-CHOP-21 Versus R-CHOP-14 for Untreated Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: JCOG 0203 Trial
Authors: Takashi Watanabe, Kensei Tobinai, Taro Shibata, Kunihiro Tsukasaki, Yasuo Morishima, Nobuo Maseki, Tomohiro Kinoshita, Takayo Suzuki, Motoko Yamaguchi, Kiyoshi Ando, Michinori Ogura, Masafumi Taniwaki, Naokuni Uike, Kengo Takeuchi, Shigeru Nawano, Takashi Terauchi, Tomomitsu Hotta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Rituximab with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) is one of the most effective front-line therapies to treat indolent B-cell lymphoma. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which potentiates antibody-dependent rituximab cytotoxicity, is used to shorten CHOP intervals. To improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with R-CHOP as the primary end point, we conducted a phase III study.Patients with untreated stages III to IV indolent B-cell lymphoma were randomly assigned to six cycles of R-CHOP every 3 weeks (R-CHOP-21) or every 2 weeks (R-CHOP-14) with G-CSF. Maintenance rituximab was not allowed.Three hundred patients were enrolled. At the median follow-up time of 5.2 years, there was no significant difference in PFS between arms for the 299 eligible patients; the median was 3.7 (R-CHOP-21) v 4.7 (R-CHOP-14) years, 57% v 58% at 3 years, and 41% v 43% at 6 years, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.25; one-sided P = .30). The median overall survival (OS) time was not reached in either arm, and there was no significant difference (6-year OS: 87% [R-CHOP-21] v 88% [R-CHOP-14]; HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.57 to 2.30; one-sided P = .65). Although grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 infections were more frequent in the R-CHOP-21 group, R-CHOP was feasible in both arms.The R-CHOP dose-dense strategy failed to improve PFS of patients with untreated indolent B-cell lymphoma. Further improvement of first-line treatment or investigations on postremission therapy following R-CHOP should be explored.
Influence of Regenerative Capacity and Innervation on Oncogenesis in the Adult Frog (Rana pipiens)2
Authors: H. C. Outzen, R. P. Custer, R. T. Prehn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Twenty-two sarcomas were induced in 19 adult frogs (Rana pipiens) treated with 3-methylcholanthrene pellets. Thirteen of these tumors arose first in a denervated forelimb, and only 2 arose first in normal or nerve-supplemented control forelimbs (P = 0.004). The remaining tumors developed either as a second tumor in a tumor-bearing frog or in hindlimbs. The critical role of innervation in regenerative capacity suggests that the predilection to tumor formation in the denervated limbs may have resulted from their lessened regenerative capacity.
Prospective investigation of transfusion transmitted infection in recipients of over 20 000 units of blood
Authors: F. A M Regan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To follow up recipients of 20 000 units of blood to identify any transmissions of infections through blood transfusion. <b>Design:</b> Follow up study of recipients of transfusion. <b>Setting:</b> 22 hospitals in north London. <b>Participant:</b> Adult patients who had recently been transfused. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Patients had further blood samples taken at 9 months that were tested for markers of hepatitis B and C and HIV and human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type I or II (HTLV) infections. Recent infections were distinguished from pre-existing infections by comparison with blood samples taken before transfusion. <b>Results:</b> 9220 patients were recruited, and 5579 recipients of 21 923 units of blood were followed up. No transfusion transmitted infections were identified. The incidence of transfusion transmitted infections was 0 in 21 043 units (95% confidence interval for risk 0 to 1 in 5706 recipients) for hepatitis B; 0 in 21 800 units (0 to 1 in 5911 recipients) for hepatitis C; 0 in 21 923 units (0 to 1 in 5944 recipients) for HIV; and 0 in 21 902 units (0to 1 in 5939 recipients) for human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus. Three patients acquired hepatitis B during or after hospital admission but not through transfusion; 176 (3%) had pre-existing hepatitis B infection. Sixteen (0.29%) patients had hepatitis C, and five (0.09%) had human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus. <b>Conclusions:</b> The current risk of transfusion transmitted infections in the United Kingdom is very small, though hospital acquired infections may arise from sources other than transfusion. A considerable proportion of patients have pre-existing infections.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test–Derived Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity Indexes in Subjects With Glucokinase Mutations (MODY2)
Authors: Delphine Martin, Christine Bellanné-Chantelot, Inge Deschamps, Philippe Froguel, Jean-Jacques Robert, Gilberto Velho
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We investigated the natural history of glucokinase (GCK)-related maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2), notably the factors associated with deterioration of hyperglycemia over time.We report an 11-year follow-up of glucose tolerance and indexes of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance tests in 33 MODY2 subjects.The variation between tests of glucose tolerance (expressed as the area under the glucose curve) was 6.9 +/- 3.2% (mean +/- SEM), but individual results ranged from -20 to 61%. Deterioration of glucose tolerance between tests was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity, while insulin secretion remained stable.Glucose tolerance can remain stable over many years in subjects with MODY2 due to the relative stability of the GCK-related beta-cell defect. However, the development of insulin resistance may have an important role in the deterioration of the glucose tolerance and in the long-term evolution of the disorder.