tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Physician-, Biomarker-, and Symptom-Based Strategies for Adjustment of Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy in Adults With Asthma
Authors: William J. Calhoun, Bill T. Ameredes, Tonya S. King, Nikolina Icitovic, Eugene R. Bleecker, Mario Castro, Reuben M. Cherniack, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Timothy Craig, Loren Denlinger, Emily A. DiMango, Linda L. Engle, John V. Fahy, J. Andrew Grant, Elliot Israel, Nizar Jarjour, Shamsah D. Kazani, Monica Kraft, Susan J. Kunselman, Stephen C. Lazarus, Robert F. Lemanske, Njira Lugogo, Richard J. Martin, Deborah A. Meyers, Wendy C. Moore, Rodolfo Pascual, Stephen P. Peters, Joe Ramsdell, Christine A. Sorkness, E. Rand Sutherland, Stanley J. Szefler, Stephen I. Wasserman, Michael J. Walter, Michael E. Wechsler, Homer A. Boushey
Journal: JAMA (2012)

No consensus exists for adjusting inhaled corticosteroid therapy in patients with asthma. Approaches include adjustment at outpatient visits guided by physician assessment of asthma control (symptoms, rescue therapy, pulmonary function), based on exhaled nitric oxide, or on a day-to-day basis guided by symptoms.To determine if adjustment of inhaled corticosteroid therapy based on exhaled nitric oxide or day-to-day symptoms is superior to guideline-informed, physician assessment-based adjustment in preventing treatment failure in adults with mild to moderate asthma.A randomized, parallel, 3-group, placebo-controlled, multiply-blinded trial of 342 adults with mild to moderate asthma controlled by low-dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy (n = 114 assigned to physician assessment-based adjustment [101 completed], n = 115 to biomarker-based [exhaled nitric oxide] adjustment [92 completed], and n = 113 to symptom-based adjustment [97 completed]), the Best Adjustment Strategy for Asthma in the Long Term (BASALT) trial was conducted by the Asthma Clinical Research Network at 10 academic medical centers in the United States for 9 months between June 2007 and July 2010.For physician assessment-based adjustment and biomarker-based (exhaled nitric oxide) adjustment, the dose of inhaled corticosteroids was adjusted every 6 weeks; for symptom-based adjustment, inhaled corticosteroids were taken with each albuterol rescue use.The primary outcome was time to treatment failure.There were no significant differences in time to treatment failure. The 9-month Kaplan-Meier failure rates were 22% (97.5% CI, 14%-33%; 24 events) for physician assessment-based adjustment, 20% (97.5% CI, 13%-30%; 21 events) for biomarker-based adjustment, and 15% (97.5% CI, 9%-25%; 16 events) for symptom-based adjustment. The hazard ratio for physician assessment-based adjustment vs biomarker-based adjustment was 1.2 (97.5% CI, 0.6-2.3). The hazard ratio for physician assessment-based adjustment vs symptom-based adjustment was 1.6 (97.5% CI, 0.8-3.3).Among adults with mild to moderate persistent asthma controlled with low-dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy, the use of either biomarker-based or symptom-based adjustment of inhaled corticosteroids was not superior to physician assessment-based adjustment of inhaled corticosteroids in time to treatment failure.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00495157.
Sea urchin Hox genes: insights into the ancestral Hox cluster
Authors: E. Popodi, J. C. Kissinger, M. E. Andrews, R. A. Raff
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

We describe the Hox cluster in the radially symmetric sea urchin and compare our findings to what is known from clusters in bilaterally symmetric animals. Several Hox genes from the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma are described. CHEF gel analysis shows that the Hox genes are clustered on a < or = 300 kilobase (kb) fragment of DNA, and only a single cluster is present, as in lower chordates and other nonvertebrate metazoans. Phylogenetic analyses of sea urchin, amphioxus, Drosophila, and selected vertebrate Hox genes confirm that the H. erythrogramma genes, and others previously cloned from other sea urchins, belong to anterior, central, and posterior groups. Despite their radial body plan and lack of cephalization, echinoderms retain at least one of the anterior group Hox genes, an orthologue of Hox3. The structure of the echinoderm Hox cluster suggests that the ancestral deuterostome had a Hox cluster more similar to the current chordate cluster than was expected Sea urchins have at least three Abd-B type genes, suggesting that Abd-B expansion began before the radiation of deuterostomes.
London Olympics are unlikely to have beneficial public health legacy, peers hear
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The London 2012 Olympic Games may not leave a clear and lasting legacy of improved public health, experts have said.

The government, however, is determined to develop a successful sports and exercise medicine legacy from the games, peers on the House of Lords science and technology committee have been told.

Peers on the committee heard from several witnesses at an evidence session on 12 June as part of a short inquiry into sports and exercise science medicine, which is looking at how the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games can be used to improve understanding of the benefits that exercise can provide for public health.

Questions were asked about the government’s decision, announced in January,1 2 to put …
Understanding the roles of faith-based health-care providers in Africa: review of the evidence with a focus on magnitude, reach, cost, and satisfaction
Authors: Jill Olivier, Clarence Tsimpo, Regina Gemignani, Mari Shojo, Harold Coulombe, Frank Dimmock, Minh Cong Nguyen, Harrison Hines, Edward J Mills, Joseph L Dieleman, Annie Haakenstad, Quentin Wodon
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
A non-major histocompatibility locus determines tissue specificity in the pathogenic process underlying synovial proliferation in a mouse arthropathy model
Authors: M.-C. Zhang, S. Mori, F. Date, H. Furukawa, M. Ono
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Background:</b> The incidence and characteristics of spontaneous ankylosis in the ankle of specific F<sub>1</sub> mice descended from two <i>Fas</i>-deficient strains were reported. Here the coincidence of synovial proliferation and ankylosis in the descendent F<sub>2</sub> mice is reported. <b>Aim:</b> To clarify whether the two distinct manifestations are genetically different. <b>Methods:</b> An arthropathic group of mice (MCF<sub>2</sub>) were bred by intercrossing MRL/Mp.<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i>-<i>sap<sup>–</sup>/sap<sup>–</sup></i> and C3H/He.<i>Fas<sup>lpr</sup></i> mice. All mice were killed by bleeding under anaesthesia when they were 6 months old. Pathological grades for synovial proliferation were determined by microscopical examination. To obtain a linkage locus, the whole genome of male MCF<sub>2</sub> mice was scanned by using 73 microsatellite markers. <b>Results:</b> Synovial proliferation was equally observed in male and female MCF<sub>2</sub> mice. No correlation was observed between the grades of synovial proliferation and the ankylosis occurring in the MCF<sub>2</sub> mice. A suggestive susceptibility locus was shown in the middle of chromosome 11. This locus was an MRL allele with a recessive inheritance mode. <b>Conclusion:</b> The pathogenic mechanisms of synovial proliferation and ankylosis are genetically different. The present locus is overlapped with some loci associated with rheumatoid arthritis and with others associated with experimental arthritides.
Bone mineral density is reduced in patients with Crohn's disease but not in patients with ulcerative colitis: a population based study.
Authors: J Jahnsen, J A Falch, E Aadland, P Mowinckel
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at risk of developing metabolic bone disease. AIMS: To compare bone mineral density in patients with Crohn9s disease with patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy subjects, and to evaluate possible risk factors for bone loss in inflammatory bowel disease. PATIENTS: 60 patients with Crohn9s disease, 60 with ulcerative colitis, and 60 healthy subjects were investigated. Each group consisted of 24 men and 36 women. METHODS: Lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total body bone mineral density were measured by dual x ray absorptiometry (DXA), and Z scores were obtained by comparison with age and sex matched normal values. RESULTS: Mean Z scores were significantly lower in patients with Crohn9s disease compared with patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy subjects. Patients with ulcerative colitis had bone mineral densities similar to healthy subjects. Use of corticosteroids, body mass index (BMI), and sex were significant predictor variables for bone mineral density in Crohn9s disease. In ulcerative colitis only body mass index and sex were of significant importance. Disease localisation and small bowel resections had no influence on bone mineral density in patients with Crohn9s disease. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Crohn9s disease have reduced bone mineral density. Several factors are probably involved, but the reduction is associated with corticosteroid therapy. When studying skeletal effects of inflammatory bowel disease, patients with Crohn9s disease and those with ulcerative colitis should be evaluated separately.
Extent and location of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in microsatellite stable colon cancer predict outcome to adjuvant active specific immunotherapy
Authors: Annelies Turksma, Veerle Coupe, Marc Shamier, Kevin Lam, Vincent de Weger, Jeroen Belien, Alfons van den Eertwegh, Gerrit A Meijer, Chris Meijer, Erik Hooijberg
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts To determine the prognostic and predictive value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in colon cancer in a cohort of patients who previously took part in a trial on adjuvant Active Specific Immunotherapy (ASI). Vermorken et al.[[1][1]] conducted a multicenter clinical trial on
Cross-Circulation Experiments on the Mechanism of the Natriuresis during Saline Loading in the Dog
Authors: C. I. JOHNSTON, JAMES O. DAVIS, STUART S. HOWARDS, FRED S. WRIGHT
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Cross-circulation through normal recipient dogs of blood from saline-loaded donor dogs that had escaped from desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) resulted in a sixfold rise in renal sodium excretion in the recipients. The change occurred without a detectable alteration in filtered sodium (F Na ). To investigate the locus of secretion of a humoral factor responsible for the natriuresis, a series of ablational procedures was performed in DCA-escaped, saline-loaded donors. Nephrectomy, hepatectomy, or decapitation before saline loading and cross-circulation failed to block the increase in renal sodium excretion in the recipients. Analysis of periods during cross-circulation with a decrease in F Na lower than the lowest control value showed that sodium excretion was elevated significantly above control levels in experiments with normal, hepatectomized, and decapitated donors. In contrast, with nephrectomized donors the increase in sodium excretion in the recipients was negligible. This finding points to the need for further study of the kidney as a possible source of a humoral factor in the control of renal salt excretion.
Tumor-Microenvironment Interactions
Authors: Adi Zipin, Mira Israeli-Amit, Tsipi Meshel, Orit Sagi-Assif, Ilana Yron, Veronica Lifshitz, Eran Bacharach, Nechama I. Smorodinsky, Ariel Many, Peter A. Czernilofsky, Donald L. Morton, Isaac P. Witz
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Extravasation of tumor cells is a pivotal step in metastasis formation. This step is initiated by an interaction of extravasating tumor cells with endothelial cells. Among the molecules mediating tumor-endothelium interactions are selectins and their fucosylated ligands. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the fucose-generating FX enzyme regulates the expression of selectin ligands by B and T lymphocytes and by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. It was also shown that the FX enzyme regulated important interaction parameters between these cancer cells and endothelial cells. The present study was aimed to determine whether the FX enzyme controls adhesive interactions between colorectal cancer cells and endothelial cells. The results clearly indicate that this is indeed the case. Overexpressing the FX enzyme by the transfer of FX cDNA to low FX-expressing colorectal cancer cells resulted in an increased adhesive capacity of the transfectants to activated endothelial cells and to recombinant E-selectin. Down-regulating FX levels in colorectal cancer cells expressing high levels of endogenous FX by transfection with small-interfering RNA resulted in a down-regulated expression of the selectin ligand sialyl Lewis-a and a decrease in the adhesive capacity of the transfectants to activated endothelial cells and to recombinant E-selectin. These transfection experiments also indicated that manipulating the levels of the FX enzyme affected global cellular fucosylation and altered the interaction of colorectal cancer cells with some extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin. We also found that highly metastatic colorectal cancer variants express higher levels of FX and of sialyl Lewis-a than low metastatic variants originating in the same tumors. These results lead us to hypothesize that the FX enzyme controls the capacity of colorectal cancer to extravasate and form metastasis. If this hypothesis will be confirmed the FX enzyme could become a target molecule for metastasis prevention.
Evolution of a Genetic Incompatibility in the Genus Xiphophorus
Authors: S. V. Scarpino, P. J. Hunt, F. J. Garcia-De-Leon, T. E. Juenger, M. Schartl, M. Kirkpatrick
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Genetic incompatibilities are commonly observed between hybridizing species. Although this type of isolating mechanism has received considerable attention, we have few examples describing how genetic incompatibilities evolve. We investigated the evolution of two loci involved in a classic example of a Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller (BDM) incompatibility in Xiphophorus, a genus of freshwater fishes from northern Central America. Hybrids develop a lethal melanoma due to the interaction of two loci, an oncogene and its repressor. We cloned and sequenced the putative repressor locus in 25 Xiphophorus species and an outgroup species, and determined the status of the oncogene in those species from the literature. Using phylogenetic analyses, we find evidence that a repeat region in the proximal promoter of the repressor is coevolving with the oncogene. The data support a hypothesis that departs from the standard BDM model: it appears the alleles that cause the incompatibilities have coevolved simultaneously within lineages, rather than in allopatric or temporal isolation.
Sleep apnoea, anxiety, depression and somatoform pain: a community-based high-risk sample
Authors: Harald Hrubos-Strøm, Gunnar Einvik, Inger Hilde Nordhus, Anna Randby, Ståle Pallesen, Torbjørn Moum, Torbjørn Omland, Toril Dammen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Community-based studies that measure both psychiatric diagnoses and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are lacking. This study reports current psychiatric disorders in community-dwelling adults at high risk for OSA identified by the Berlin Questionnaire. Furthermore, associations between OSA and current psychiatric disorders, unadjusted and adjusted for putative confounders, are reported. A subsample of the Akershus Sleep Apnoea Project consisting of 290 adults, aged 30–65 yrs, with positive Berlin Questionnaire screening underwent the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version IV and polysomnography. Auxiliary analyses of depression are provided. The median apnoea/hypopnoea index score in the sample was 7.7 (interquartile range 2.4–22.2). Major depressive disorder, current anxiety and somatoform pain disorder were diagnosed in 12.4%, 14.8% and 19.3% of participants, respectively. At least one psychiatric disorder was diagnosed in 110 participants. The odds ratio of participants with OSA having a psychiatric disorder compared with participants without OSA was 0.54 (95% CI 0.33–0.88). A negative association did not exist among Berlin Questionnaire low-risk participants. In conclusion, more than one-third of participants in a community-based, Berlin Questionnaire high-risk sample were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. A negative association between OSA and psychiatric morbidity was found.
Work status after coronary bypass surgery
Authors: R. N. Finchum
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Those of us in private cardiology who are impressed by the positive aspects of coronary bypass surgery have great interest in the working status of our patients preoperatively and postoperatively. This was nicely discussed in the paper by Barnes et al (238:1259, 1977). Nonetheless, the negative aspects of this paper are a little disturbing, and there are a couple of points that I think merit further discussion. It is well known that the time off from work prior to surgery has a great influence on whether or not a patient returns to work after surgery, and it would be nice to have this information available in respect to the 43 patients in their group who did not return to work after operation.  It is impressive to me that 54% of the patients who were not working at all prior to surgery returned to some type of work.
Investigation of superior vena caval obstruction.
Authors: A Allan, B Sethia, K G Davidson
Journal: Thorax (1984)

AIMS: Bacillary angiomatosis is a rare pseudoneoplastic angioproliferative lesion occurring in patients with AIDS. This condition has been associated with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana infections. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is thought to be the causative agent of Kaposi9s sarcoma, a vasoproliferative neoplasm, also commonly found in patients with AIDS. The presence of HHV-8 in a cohort of patients with bacillary angiomatosis was investigated. METHODS: Eight cutaneous cases of biopsy confirmed bacillary angiomatosis were assessed for HHV-8 using standard solution phase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: No case of bacillary angiomatosis harboured HHV-8 DNA. CONCLUSIONS: HHV-8 was not demonstrated in the lesions of bacillary angiomatosis and therefore does not appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of this pseudoneoplastic angioproliferative disorder. This finding might be useful in the distinction of bacillary angiomatosis from Kaposi9s sarcoma, because lesions from patients with Kaposi9s sarcoma almost always contains HHV-8 DNA.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Vascular Dysfunction in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Leila Kheirandish-Gozal, Rakesh Bhattacharjee, Jinkwan Kim, Heather B. Clair, David Gozal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Endothelial dysfunction is a potential complication of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children ascribed to systemic inflammatory changes. However, not all children with OSAS will manifest endothelial dysfunction.
THE BULGARIAN TREATMENT OF PARKINSONISM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS EFFECT ON MENTAL SYMPTOMS
Authors: R. FINLEY GAYLE, JAMES B. PETTIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

We have used belladonna root extract in the treatment of parkinsonism over a sufficient length of time and in a series of cases sufficiently large for us to draw these conclusions: 1. The mild mental symptoms in most of these patients were materially benefitted. 2. The most striking results were obtained in several bedridden cases, who by the use of the drug, were enabled to walk, dress and feed themselves. 3. In all patients there was a return of symptoms when the drug was withdrawn. 4. In this larger series, our results were not quite as good as they were in cases previously reported by us. 5. The degenerative type of the disease did not respond to the treatment as well as the postencephalitic variety, nor did that type tolerate the drug as well. 6. It is our opinion that this drug is decidedly more efficacious as a palliative treatment than the single alkaloids or other drugs which have been used in this disease. Acknowledgment is hereby given to our co-workers in the Department of Neuropsychiatry at the Medical College of Virginia, to the superintendents and clinical directors of the Central State Hospital and the Southwestern State Hospital in Virginia, and to several colleagues who treated several cases in this series.
Blindsight in the blind spot
Authors: K. Kranda
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The filling-in process proposed as a cover up for the existence of the blind spot has some conceptual similarities to blindsight. The perceptual operation of a hypothetical mechanism responsible for filling in represents a logical paradox. The apparent indeterminacy of the percept in the optic-disc region can be tested experimentally by viewing the grating test pattern below.
Association Between Diabetes and Perinatal Depression Among Low-Income Mothers
Authors: Katy Backes Kozhimannil
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Perinatal depression affects at least 10% to 12% of new mothers, and diabetes complicates up to 9% of pregnancies. Prior research shows a higher rate of major depression among individuals with diabetes.To examine the association between diabetes and depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period among a sample of low-income women.Retrospective cohort study using data from New Jersey's Medicaid administrative claims database of 11,024 women who gave birth between July 1, 2004, and September 30, 2006, and who were continuously enrolled in Medicaid for 6 months prior to delivery and 1 year after giving birth.Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between prepregnancy diabetes or gestational diabetes and perinatal depression. Depression was defined as an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis for depression or a prescription drug claim for an antidepressant medication, and diabetes was defined as having a diabetes diagnosis or filling a prescription for a diabetes medication. Both measures were assessed during the 6 months prior to and up to 1 year following delivery.In the sample of women who gave birth, 15.2% (n = 100) with prepregnancy or gestational diabetes and 8.5% (n = 886) without diabetes were depressed during pregnancy or postpartum. After adjusting for age, race, year of delivery, and gestational age at birth, women with diabetes compared with those without diabetes had nearly double the odds of experiencing depression during the perinatal period (odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-2.36). Women with diabetes and no prenatal indication of depression (n = 62, 9.6%) had higher odds than their counterparts without diabetes (n = 604, 5.9%) of receiving a postpartum depression diagnosis or taking an antidepressant medication in the year following delivery (odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.23).Prepregnancy or gestational diabetes was independently associated with perinatal depression, including new onset of postpartum depression, in our sample of low-income new mothers.