tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The physiology of salivary secretion
Authors: Gordon B. Proctor
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

Abstract Saliva in the mouth is a biofluid produced mainly by three pairs of major salivary glands – the submandibular, parotid and sublingual glands – along with secretions from many minor submucosal salivary glands. Salivary gland secretion is a nerve‐mediated reflex and the volume of saliva secreted is dependent on the intensity and type of taste and on chemosensory, masticatory or tactile stimulation. Long periods of low (resting or unstimulated) flow are broken by short periods of high flow, which is stimulated by taste and mastication. The nerve‐mediated salivary reflex is modulated by nerve signals from other centers in the central nervous system, which is most obvious as hyposalivation at times of anxiety. An example of other neurohormonal influences on the salivary reflex is the circadian rhythm, which affects salivary flow and ionic composition. Cholinergic parasympathetic and adrenergic sympathetic autonomic nerves evoke salivary secretion, signaling through muscarinic M3 and adrenoceptors on salivary acinar cells and leading to secretion of fluid and salivary proteins. Saliva gland acinar cells are chloride and sodium secreting, and the isotonic fluid produced is rendered hypotonic by salivary gland duct cells as it flows to the mouth. The major proteins present in saliva are secreted by salivary glands, creating viscoelasticity and enabling the coating of oral surfaces with saliva. Salivary films are essential for maintaining oral health and regulating the oral microbiome. Saliva in the mouth contains a range of validated and potential disease biomarkers derived from epithelial cells, neutrophils, the microbiome, gingival crevicular fluid and serum. For example, cortisol levels are used in the assessment of stress, matrix metalloproteinases‐8 and ‐9 appear to be promising markers of caries and periodontal disease, and a panel of mRNA and proteins has been proposed as a marker of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Understanding the mechanisms by which components enter saliva is an important aspect of validating their use as biomarkers of health and disease.
Under-5 mortality in 2851 Chinese counties, 1996–2012: a subnational assessment of achieving MDG 4 goals in China
Authors: Yanping Wang, Xiaohong Li, Maigeng Zhou, Shusheng Luo, Juan Liang, Chelsea A Liddell, Matthew M Coates, Yanqiu Gao, Linhong Wang, Chunhua He, Chuyun Kang, Shiwei Liu, Li Dai, Austin E Schumacher, Maya S Fraser, Timothy M Wolock, Amanda Pain, Carly E Levitz, Lavanya Singh, Megan Coggeshall, Margaret Lind, Yichong Li, Qi Li, Kui Deng, Yi Mu, Changfei Deng, Ling Yi, Zheng Liu, Xia Ma, Hongtian Li, Dezhi Mu, Jun Zhu, Christopher J L Murray, Haidong Wang
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus biomaterial-associated infections using a polymer-lipid coating containing the antimicrobial peptide OP-145
Authors: A. de Breij, M. Riool, P.H.S. Kwakman, L. de Boer, R.A. Cordfunke, J.W. Drijfhout, O. Cohen, N. Emanuel, S.A.J. Zaat, P.H. Nibbering, T.F. Moriarty
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Bioethics in Washington: yes, but how?
Authors: A. L. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Bioethics has not had a permanent presence in Washington for more than a decade. This August, the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) called for the creation, by executive order, of a National Bioethics Advisory Commission in response to congressional interest and a report by the Office of Technology Assessment.  The OSTP proposes that a standing advisory body be created within the executive branch to consider issues arising from  on human biology and behavior and the applications of that  The commission would offer advice and recommendations to the public about government programs, policies, and regulations related to research in human biology and behavior. It would also identify broad principles that should govern the ethical conduct of research. Among the kinds of issues the OSTP envisions the commission examining are the management and use of genetic information and the clarification of the concept of minimal
Propranolol versus captopril in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH): A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hesham Zaher, Hoda Rasheed, Mohamed M. El-Komy, Rehab A. Hegazy, Heba I. Gawdat, Dalia M. Abdel Halim, Rania M. Abdel Hay, Ranya A. Hegazy, Abeer M. Mohy
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Highly recurrent mutations of SGK1, DUSP2 and JUNB in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: S Hartmann, B Schuhmacher, T Rausch, L Fuller, C Döring, M Weniger, A Lollies, C Weiser, L Thurner, B Rengstl, U Brunnberg, M Vornanen, M Pfreundschuh, V Benes, R Küppers, S Newrzela, M-L Hansmann
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Recruitment of classical monocytes can be inhibited by disturbing heteromers of neutrophil HNP1 and platelet CCL5
Authors: Jean-Eric Alard, Almudena Ortega-Gomez, Kanin Wichapong, Dario Bongiovanni, Michael Horckmans, Remco T. A. Megens, Giovanna Leoni, Bartolo Ferraro, Jan Rossaint, Nicole Paulin, Judy Ng, Hans Ippel, Dennis Suylen, Rabea Hinkel, Xavier Blanchet, Fanny Gaillard, Michele D’Amico, Phillipp von Hundelshausen, Alexander Zarbock, Christoph Scheiermann, Tilman M. Hackeng, Sabine Steffens, Christian Kupatt, Gerry A. F. Nicolaes, Christian Weber, Oliver Soehnlein
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Disrupting the HNP1 and CCL5 heteromer between neutrophils and platelets blocks monocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites.
The Risk of Residual Molecular and Cytogenetic Disease in Patients With Philadelphia-Chromosome Positive First Chronic Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Is Reduced After Transplantation of Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Compared With Bone Marrow
Authors: Ahmet H. Elmaagacli, Dietrich W. Beelen, Bertram Opalka, Siegfried Seeber, Ulrich W. Schaefer
Journal: Blood (1999)
Cancer screening, prevention, and treatment in people with mental illness
Authors: Lara C. Weinstein, Ana Stefancic, Amy T. Cunningham, Katelyn E. Hurley, Leopodo J. Cabassa, Richard C. Wender
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2015)

People with mental illness die decades earlier in the United States compared with the general population. Most of this disparity is related to preventable and treatable chronic conditions, with many studies finding cancer as the second leading cause of death. Individual lifestyle factors, such as smoking or limited adherence to treatment, are often cited as highly significant issues in shaping risk among persons with mental illness. However, many contextual or systems-level factors exacerbate these individual factors and may fundamentally drive health disparities among people with mental illness. The authors conducted an integrative review to summarize the empirical literature on cancer prevention, screening, and treatment for people with mental illness. Although multiple interventions are being developed and tested to address tobacco dependence and obesity in these populations, the evidence for effectiveness is quite limited, and essentially all prevention interventions focus at the individual level. This review identified only one published article describing evidence-based interventions to promote cancer screening and improve cancer treatment in people with mental illness. On the basis of a literature review and the experience and expertise of the authors, each section in this article concludes with suggestions at the individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels that may improve cancer prevention, screening, and treatment in people with mental illness.
Pathophysiology of asthma: From endotype to phenotype
Authors: Margarida Cortez e Castro, Andreia Matos, Joana Ferreira, José Albuquerque, Manuel Bicho
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: SNPs could affect the outcome of asthma severity : in MPO, −463G>A (rs2333227) ; angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (287 base pairs, on chromosome 17q23, intron 16(rs1799752); type 1 Angiotensin II receptor -AGTR1 1166A/C (rs5186); iNOS intron 20 (IVS20 + 524 G>A-rs944722); β-2 adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) Arg16Gly (rs1042713) and Gln27Glu (rs1042714). Methods: Asthmatics compared with controls ; polymorphisms analyzed by PCR and PCR-RFLP .Control of asthma assessed by (ACQ7 and PAQLQ). Statistical analysis performed with PASW 18, establishing a significance level of p A the genotypes carrying allele A are more frequent among asthmatics and genotypes carrying allele G among controls(p 0.05).For iNOS, it could be a risk factor for asthma, being allele G and GG genotype more prevalent in asthmatics(p 0,05); in Arg16Gly polymorphism the genotype carrying allele G is more frequent among males (p
Comparison of serological assays in human Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus infection
Authors: Sang Won Park, Ranawaka A P M Perera, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Eric H Y Lau, Seong Jin Choi, June Young Chun, Hong Sang Oh, Kyoung-Ho Song, Ji Hwan Bang, Eu Suk Kim, Hong Bin Kim, Wan Beom Park, Nam Joong Kim, Leo Lit Man Poon, Malik Peiris, Myoung Don Oh
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Plaque reduction neutralisation tests (PRNT), microneutralisation (MN), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-spike pseudoparticle neutralisation (ppNT) and MERS S1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titres were compared using 95 sera from 17 patients with MERS, collected two to 46 days after symptom onset. Neutralisation tests correlated well with each other and moderately well with S1 ELISA. Moreover to compare antigenic similarity of genetically diverse MERS-CoV clades, the response of four sera from two patients sampled at two time periods during the course of illness were tested by 90% PRNT. Genetically diverse MERS-CoV clades were antigenically homogenous.
Abstract 1635: Mechanistic investigation of neutropenia associated with palbociclib
Authors: Wenyue Hu, Tae Sung, Bart Jessen, Aida Sacaan
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Bone marrow suppression, especially neutropenia, has been identified as one of the main dose-limiting toxicities for the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, in the clinic. However, compared to chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity, palbociclib-induced neutropenia is quickly reversible, uncomplicated and is proactively managed by a short duration treatment-free period between cycles, or reactively by dose delay or reduction. To aid in understanding the mechanism by which neutropenia occurs and to further differentiate it from chemotherapy- induced myelotoxicity, an in vitro bone marrow toxicity assay was utilized to evaluate the cellular mechanism and the reversibility of bone marrow suppression induced by palbociclib as a single agent or in combination with anti-estrogens. This investigation has demonstrated that palbociclib-induced bone marrow suppression manifested through cell cycle arrest without apoptosis; by contrast, chemotherapeutic agents, including paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and carboplatin, primarily caused apoptotic cell death in the bone marrow. Following palbociclib treatment withdrawal in vitro, bone marrow cells resumed proliferation in the presence or absence of the anti-estrogen (fulvestrant); while breast cancer cells (MCF-7) remained arrested in the presence of fulvestrant. Bone marrow cells did not resume proliferation following chemotherapy treatment withdrawal. To further investigate the mechanism of reversibility, we evaluated the involvement of cellular senescence. Bone marrow cells did not enter senescence following treatment with palbociclib, anti-estrogen, or a combination of both agents. MCF-7 cells, on the other hand, became senescent following palbociclib or anti-estrogen treatment, and this effect was larger in the presence of both agents. In summary, the current investigative work shed light on the mechanism of palbociclib- induced bone marrow suppression and clearly differentiated it from that induced by chemotherapeutic agents. These results potentially explain the quick reversibility of palbociclib-induced myelosuppression and its uncomplicated nature when compared to traditional cytotoxic agents. Moreover, the data supports the current dosing regimen in the clinic, which provides time for bone marrow cells to recover during the 1 week treatment-free period without impacting tumor efficacy. This investigative work provides valuable information to the clinicians in managing the neutropenia risk associated with breast cancer treatment. This research was funded by Pfizer, Inc. Citation Format: Wenyue Hu, Tae Sung, Bart Jessen, Aida Sacaan. Mechanistic investigation of neutropenia associated with palbociclib. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1635. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1635
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein upregulates IL-6 and IL-8 expression in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Yongwoo Lee, Natasha Kyprianou, Avindra Nath, Michal Toborek
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

1752   It has been proposed that the inflammatory tumor microenvironment  via  overexpression of inflammatory mediators is associated with progression of breast cancer metastasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. The cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying this process, however, are not fully understood. In the present study, we hypothesize that HIV-1 Tat protein may increase the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cells through upregulation of cytokines and chemokines that induce the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay analyses showed that exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to HIV-1 Tat protein resulted in a significant and dose-dependent upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA and protein expression. HIV-1 Tat protein also markedly increased NF-κB DNA-binding activity and transactivation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, pretreatment with NF-κB inhibitors significantly attenuated the ability of HIV-1 Tat protein to upregulate IL-6 and IL-8 expression. These results suggest that HIV-1 Tat protein upregulates expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human breast cancer cells by NF-κB-dependent pathway. These data may contribute to exploration of the new molecular mechanisms leading to novel approaches for the therapeutic drug developments specifically targeted against the inflammatory pathways of breast cancer metastasis in AIDS patients (This work was supported by NIH COBRE P20 RR 15592, NS39254, MH63022, and AA013843).
Troponin T and myoglobin for monitoring cardiotoxicity of weekly epirubicin-paclitaxel (EP) in advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients
Authors: Cecilia Nisticò, Emilio Bria, Gianluigi Ferretti, Armando Carpino, Federica Cuppone, Gaetano Vitelli, Francesco Cognetti, Edmondo Terzoli
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

3994 

Background: Troponin T (TnT) and myoglobin (M) have been described to predict the anthracycline-induced cardiac injury. In fact, increasing serum level of TnT has been recently reported to be related to cumulative antracyclines exposure. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LFEV) seems accurate in monitoring systolic function for cardiac damage measurement and its decrease has recently included among the parameters of toxicity criteria by chemotherapeutics (CTC 3.0). E/A ratio is useful to assay diastolic function to predict systolic failure. Methods: From January 2002, 20 patients with untreated ABC received E (25 mg/m2/week) and P (80 mg/m2/week) with G-CSF support on days 2 and 4 for 24 consecutive weeks. We measured TnT, M, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), C-reactive protein (CRP) circulating levels immediately before and 4 hours after E administration every week. Patients underwent EKG and echocardiography (Eco) (LFEV and E/A ratio measurement) at week 0, 8, 16 and 24. Results: The number of courses administered was 352 (median 18, range 4-24). E median dose given was 550 mg/m2 (range 100-600) with a median dose intensity (DI) of 22.95 (range 15,6-25) mg/m2/week (91,8%). P median dose administered was 1760 mg/m2 with a median DI of 73.45 (range 50-80) mg/m2/week (91,8%). TnT never overcame the upper normal limit (UNL); 1 patient experienced TnT elevation without any clinical or instrumental sign of cardiac failure. M never significantly increased with the exception of a patient who underwent several abdominal fluid drainages. CK-MB and CRP never moved outside UNL. ALT, AST, LDH were always within the normal range except for patients with liver metastases. No symptomatic cardiac event was recorded. Neither LFEV nor E/A significant decrease was registered. In 55 echocardiograms at week 0, 8, 16, 24, median LFEV and median E/A were respectively: 66%, 67%, 64,5%, 65,5% and 1.1, 1.11, 1,015, 1,1. Conclusions: No TnT or M serum elevations and LFEV/E/A changes were registered in our series of ABC non-symptomatic women during weekly chemotherapy with EP. No acute cardiac toxicity was observed. However, longer follow-up is needed to understand whether the TnT or M circulating level measurement is able to detect subclinical, early stage doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
Loss of PIM2 enhances the anti-proliferative effect of the pan-PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 in non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: S. Kreuz, K. B. Holmes, R. M. Tooze, P. F. Lefevre
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

A promising therapeutic approach for aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is to target kinases involved in signal transduction and gene regulation. PIM1/2 serine/threonine kinases are highly expressed in activated B-cell-like DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL) with poor prognosis. In addition, both PIM kinases have a reported synergistic effect with c-MYC in mediating tumour development in several cancers, c-MYC gene being translocated to one of the immunoglobulin loci in nearly all BLs. For these reasons, we tested the efficiency of several PIM kinase inhibitors (AZD1208, SMI4a, PIM1/2 inhibitor VI and Quercetagetin) in preventing proliferation of aggressive NHL-derived cell lines and compared their efficiency with PIM1 and/or PIM2 knockdown. We observed that most of the anti-proliferative potential of these inhibitors in NHL was due to an off-target effect. Interestingly, we present evidence of a kinase-independent function of PIM2 in regulating cell cycle. Moreover, combining AZD1208 treatment and PIM2 knockdown additively repressed cell proliferation. Taken together, this study suggests that at least a part of PIM1/2 oncogenic potential could be independent of their kinase activity, justifying the limited anti-tumorigenic outcome of PIM-kinase inhibitors in NHL.
Overview: applications of operant technology to behavioral disorders of adolescents
Authors: G R Moss, G R Rick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Through a comprehensive review of the pertinent literature, the authors document the minimal impact of operant technology on adolescent psychiatry. Turning largely to the literature from other, nonmedical disciplines, they describe the development of effective behavioral interventions with inpatient populations, applications to the outpatient setting, and ethical and legal issues. The authors conclude that operant technology applied to behavioral disorders of adolescents can offer powerful and reliable therapeutic effects. They comment on the limited impact of operant technology on adolescent psychiatry and suggest future directions that may lead to greater interest and acceptance by psychiatrists.
Obstructive sleep disordered breathing in 2- to 18-year-old children: diagnosis and management
Authors: Athanasios G. Kaditis, Maria Luz Alonso Alvarez, An Boudewyns, Emmanouel I. Alexopoulos, Refika Ersu, Koen Joosten, Helena Larramona, Silvia Miano, Indra Narang, Ha Trang, Marina Tsaoussoglou, Nele Vandenbussche, Maria Pia Villa, Dick Van Waardenburg, Silke Weber, Stijn Verhulst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

This document summarises the conclusions of a European Respiratory Society Task Force on the diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in childhood and refers to children aged 2-18 years. Prospective cohort studies describing the natural history of SDB or randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials regarding its management are scarce. Selected evidence (362 articles) can be consolidated into seven management steps. SDB is suspected when symptoms or abnormalities related to upper airway obstruction are present (step 1). Central nervous or cardiovascular system morbidity, growth failure or enuresis and predictors of SDB persistence in the long-term are recognised (steps 2 and 3), and SDB severity is determined objectively preferably using polysomnography (step 4). Children with an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) >5 episodes·h(-1), those with an AHI of 1-5 episodes·h(-1) and the presence of morbidity or factors predicting SDB persistence, and children with complex conditions (e.g. Down syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome) all appear to benefit from treatment (step 5). Treatment interventions are usually implemented in a stepwise fashion addressing all abnormalities that predispose to SDB (step 6) with re-evaluation after each intervention to detect residual disease and to determine the need for additional treatment (step 7).
Perforated Peptic Ulcer
Authors: R. A. Jamieson
Journal: BMJ (1947)

CANINE HYSTERIA AND AGENIZED FLOUR MEBITISHI 289 2. They are more vicious when handled and bite much more freely than normal animals.3. Ferrets develop real hysteria in the sense of charging round the cages and running into the cage sides.4. They develcp true epileptiform fits when severely affected.On the whole, however, ferrets do not appear to be quite so susceptible to these nervous abnormalities as do dogs.On the other hand, they have the advantage that experimental work can be done with much smaller quantities of the toxic agent.Messrs. Wallace and Tiernan kindly lent the apparatus for agenizing flour on a laboratory scale.The flour used in most of the experiments reported here was treated in the laboratory, whereas that used in those described in the 1946 paper was done in the mill.
EAG2 potassium channel with evolutionarily conserved function as a brain tumor target
Authors: Xi Huang, Ye He, Adrian M Dubuc, Rintaro Hashizume, Wei Zhang, Jüri Reimand, Huanghe Yang, Tongfei A Wang, Samantha J Stehbens, Susan Younger, Suzanne Barshow, Sijun Zhu, Michael K Cooper, John Peacock, Vijay Ramaswamy, Livia Garzia, Xiaochong Wu, Marc Remke, Craig M Forester, Charles C Kim, William A Weiss, C David James, Marc A Shuman, Gary D Bader, Sabine Mueller, Michael D Taylor, Yuh Nung Jan, Lily Yeh Jan
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
Bioimaging: Are Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles Relevant Tools for Tracking Cancer Cells or Macrophages? (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 17/2015)
Authors: Adrien Faucon, Houda Benhelli‐Mokrani, Luis A. Córdova, Bénédicte Brulin, Dominique Heymann, Philippe Hulin, Steven Nedellec, Eléna Ishow
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs), made of self-assembled solvatochromic fluorophores, represent a novel class of bright imaging agents. On page 2727, E. Ishow and co-workers show how in cellulo studies evidence dramatic dissembling of FONs by macrophages compared to cancer cells. Macrophages disintegrate internalized yellow-emitting FONs and expulse the individual components by excreting vesicles. Strong green fluorescence arises from the solvatochromic fluorophores dissolved in the rich lipid content of vesicles (Cover design: Nicolas Gazut).