tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Healthy Sleep Duration among Adults — United States, 2014
Authors: Yong Liu, Anne G. Wheaton, Daniel P. Chapman, Timothy J. Cunningham, Hua Lu, Janet B. Croft
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

To promote optimal health and well-being, adults aged 18-60 years are recommended to sleep at least 7 hours each night (1). Sleeping <7 hours per night is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, frequent mental distress, and all-cause mortality (2-4). Insufficient sleep impairs cognitive performance, which can increase the likelihood of motor vehicle and other transportation accidents, industrial accidents, medical errors, and loss of work productivity that could affect the wider community (5). CDC analyzed data from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to determine the prevalence of a healthy sleep duration (≥ 7 hours) among 444,306 adult respondents in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. A total of 65.2% of respondents reported a healthy sleep duration; the age-adjusted prevalence of healthy sleep was lower among non-Hispanic blacks, American Indians/Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and multiracial respondents, compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, and Asians. State-based estimates of healthy sleep duration prevalence ranged from 56.1% in Hawaii to 71.6% in South Dakota. Geographic clustering of the lowest prevalence of healthy sleep duration was observed in the southeastern United States and in states along the Appalachian Mountains, and the highest prevalence was observed in the Great Plains states. More than one third of U.S. respondents reported typically sleeping <7 hours in a 24-hour period, suggesting an ongoing need for public awareness and public education about sleep health; worksite shift policies that ensure healthy sleep duration for shift workers, particularly medical professionals, emergency response personnel, and transportation industry personnel; and opportunities for health care providers to discuss the importance of healthy sleep duration with patients and address reasons for poor sleep health.
Complex Karyotype, Rather Than Del(17p), Is Associated with Inferior Outcomes in Relapsed or Refractory CLL Patients Treated with Ibrutinib-Based Regimens
Authors: Philip A Thompson, William G. Wierda, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Susan C. Smith, Susan O'Brien, Jan A. Burger, Zeev Estrov, Nitin Jain, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Michael J Keating
Journal: Blood (2014)
The contribution of game theory to experimental design in the behavioral sciences
Authors: Herbert Gintis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Methodological practices differ between economics and psychology because economists use game theory as the basis for the design and interpretation of experiments, while psychologists do not. This methodological choice explains the “four key variables” stressed by Hert-wig and Ortmann. Game theory is currently the most rigorous basis for modeling strategic choice.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 mutation in Turkish women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen.
Authors: M. T. Kutluk, M. K. Altundag, Y. Y. Ozisik, Ç. Demir, S. Agbaba, A. Uner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e11098 Background: Despite recent advances in hormonal therapy for breast cancer, tamoxifen remains a major therapeutic option. Polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) gene affect the plasma concentration of tamoxifen active metabolites (endoxifen). Diminished CYP2D6 function, both by genetic variation or concurrent use of pharmacologic inhibitors, can significantly reduce endoxifen plasma concentrations and may lead to reduced TAM effectiveness. Methods: Breast cancer patients who were treated with tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy between November 1989 and November 2009 were included. According to our database 430 patients were analyzed. The mutations were analyzed in all the patients by PCR (C2D6 Vienna LAB, PGX-HIV Strip assay, Austria) from DNA of blood samples and the patients with a genetic variation that ended in an inactive form of P450 2D6 mutations were searched. These mutations were 1795 delT, 1934 G > A and 2637 del A. Results: Of all 430 patients, 18 (4.2%) were detected to have a mutation for CYP2D6 indicating poor metabolizers. Genotype frequency for poor metabolizers were wt/wt 83.5%, *3/*4 (5.5%), *4/*6 (5.5%), and *6/*6 (5.5%). 68.6 % of the patients had wild type genotype and 27.2% had heterozygous indicating normal metabolizer for tamoxifen. Conclusions: CYP2D6 metabolism, as measured by genetic variation and enzyme inhibition, is an independent predictor of breast cancer outcome in post-menopausal women receiving tamoxifen for early breast cancer. In our series frequency of poor metabolizers genetic variations were 4.2% and determination of CYP2D6 genotype may be of value in selecting adjuvant hormonal therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Concordant HER2 status between malignant CSF cells and primary breast carcinoma tissue
Authors: Y. Kwon, J. Ro, K. S. Lee, I. H. Park
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

1104 Background: Leptomeningeal diseases (LMD) from breast cancer are detected in up to 19% of patients with brain metastasis and their prognosis is extremely poor. Diagnosis of leptomeningeal disease requires positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. However, it is not known whether HER2 status of malignant CSF cells coincides with that of original breast carcinoma cells. We intended to determine whether CSF cytology specimen is suitable for evaluating HER2 status by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in LMD to provide the basis for HER2 targeted intrathecal therapy. Methods: Both formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast carcinoma tissue and liquid based CSF cytology specimen were tested for HER2 status in 16 patients who developed LMD at National Cancer Center between Dec 2004 and Jul 2008. We evaluated HER2 gene amplification by FISH on destained CSF cytology slides which contained minimum 20 malignant cells per slide, and compared with HER2 status by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in FFPE breast carcinoma tissue. HER2 was determined positive when FISH ratio &gt; 2.2 or IHC 3+ according to ASCO/CAP guideline. Results: Concordance rate of HER2 status between CSF cytology by FISH and FFPE tissue by IHC was 100% as shown in the table. Conclusions: When CSF cytology specimen was appropriately prepared yielding adequate cellularity without dry artifact, CSF cytology was suitable for evaluating HER2 status by FISH in LMD. Intrathecal HER2 targeted therapy could be attempted when FFPE breast carcinoma tissue is HER2 positive in view of highly concordant HER2 status by our data. Supported by NCC Grant No 0610240- 3. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on the outcome of colon cancer
Authors: B. T. Reddy, M. A. Ali, V. K. Koka, S. A. Mehdi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3639 Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with high systemic morbidity and mortality through its effects on large and small blood vessels. Recent studies on animals and human beings have shown that DM type 2 can increase lifetime risk of colon cancer (CC) through various mechanisms like elevated levels of serum postprandial insulin and C-peptide. However the role of DM type 2 on long-term survival as well as tumor recurrence in patients with treated CC is unclear. Recent study (Jeffrey et al JCO 21(3):433–440) reported an overall increased mortality in diabetic patients with CC. To address these issues, we did a retrospective review of high-risk CC who received curative therapy. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 564 patients with high-risk stage 2 and stage 3 CC diagnosed and treated between 01/1990 and 12/2000 was performed. Of the total 564 patients, 85 were diagnosed with DM. We then analyzed the data for rate of cancer recurrence, overall survival and disease free survival and compared between patients with DM to those without DM. Results: Of the total 564 patients, 259 (46%) were male and 305 (54%) were female. The mean age of the entire study population was 69.2 yrs (range 6 to 95 yrs), those with DM was 71.3 yrs Vs 68.9 yrs in those without DM. Stage 2 & stage 3 CC was seen in 284 (50.4%) and 280 (49.6%) patients respectively. Mean survival in patients without DM was 86 months (CI 80 - 91) and 76 months in those with DM (CI 64 to 89). Multivariate analysis with Cox regression (SPSS 10 software) did not show any survival difference (p=0.39). Rate of cancer recurrence was 13/85 (15.3%) in patients with DM as opposed to 110/479 (23%) in those without DM. After adjusting for stage, rate of recurrence was not statistically significant between the two groups (p=0.138). Stage of the CC remained a significant factor for survival (p=0.01). Conclusions: Our study showed that DM in patients with high-risk (stage 2 and stage 3) CC is not associated with increased overall mortality or rate of recurrence. Stage of the cancer remained the significant factor for both overall survival and rate of recurrence. These findings stress the need for prospective clinical research in this controversial issue. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Intranasal Transmission of Feline Leukemia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Edward A. Hoover, C. Bruce McCullough, Richard A. Griesemer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Feline leukemia was transmitted by intranasal inoculation of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) into newborn gnotobiotic or specific-pathogen-free cats. Of 7 cats inoculated intranasally, 3 became moribund with lymphosarcoma between 170 and 329 days post inoculation. The corresponding latent period for leukemia induction in 7 of 8 cats inoculated intraperitoneally was 82–120 days. A contact-exposed, uninoculated littermate of 2 gnotobiotic cats inoculated intraperitoneally with FeLV also died of leukemia at 330 days of age. Three manifestations of disease were recognized in cats inoculated with FeLV: 1) multicentric lymphosarcoma involving abdominal and thoracic organs, 2) lymphosarcoma involving only the bone marrow, and 3) non-neoplastic thymic atrophy and lymphoid depletion.
Identification of a new breast cacner risk locus in a genome-wide association study of Ashkenazi Jews
Authors: B. Gold, T. Kirchhoff, S. Stefanov, J. Lautenberger, A. B. Olshen, K. Kosarin, M. Dean, J. Boyd, L. Norton, K. Offit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

11005 Background: In the absence of BRCA mutations, variants of CHEK2, ATM, BRIP1 and PALB2, are associated with risk for breast cancer. Recently, two whole genome association studies (WGAS) implicated a locus near FGFR2 with a 1.2 fold increased risk of the disease. Methods: We performed a three-phase genome-wide association study (GWAS) using cases and controls from a genetically isolated population, Ashkenazi Jews (AJ), to identify loci associated with breast cancer risk. In the first phase, we compared allele frequencies of 150,080 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 249 high-risk, BRCA1/2 mutation-negative AJ familial cases and 299 cancer-free AJ controls using chi square and the Cochran-Armitage trend tests. In the second phase, we genotyped 343 SNPs from 123 regions most significantly associated from stage 1, including 4 SNPs from the FGFR2 region, in 950 consecutive AJ breast cancer cases and 979 age-matched AJ controls. We replicated major associations in a third independent set of 243 AJ cases and 187 controls. Results: There was a significant allele P- value of association with AJ breast cancer in the FGFR2 region (P = 1.5 × 10-5, OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13–1.40 at rs1078806 for all phases combined). In addition, we found a novel risk locus in a region of chromosome 6q (P = 2.9×10-8, OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.25–1.59). A major haplotype at the 6q locus conferred protection from disease, while the minor haplotype conferred risk. Approximately 7% of all breast cancer in this population is attributable to this risk factor, based on its high frequency and observed OR. Conclusions: These findings confirm FGFR2 as a locus associated with risk for breast cancer, and also indicate the presence of a novel locus on chromosome 6. There are several candidate genes at the 6q locus with homology to genes previously implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effect of front-line therapy with either high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell rescue (HDT/ASCR) or dose-intensive therapy (R-Hypercvad) on outcome in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Authors: T. Feldman, A. R. Mato, T. Zielonka, A. Masood, S. Goldberg, S. D. Rowley, M. Donato, D. S. Siegel, A. Pecora, A. Goy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

8067 Background: There is still no consensus in the management of newly diagnosed MCL and randomized controlled data is unavailable to guide treatment decisions. Recent analyses strongly support the use of dose-intensive strategies or high dose therapy approaches in the frontline setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis to describe and compare the survival experiences of MCL patients treated in the first-line setting at our institution with R-HCVAD (42 pts) vs. induction chemotherapy followed by consolidative ASCT (35 pts) vs. standard-dose chemotherapy±rituxan (mostly CHOP±rituximab) (44 pts). The primary study endpoint was OS assessed by chart review and confirmed by SSDI database. Results: 111 patients with newly diagnosed MCL were available for this analysis, representing 38 failure events and 3,858 total months at risk. The groups were comparable in terms of their age, ECOG PS, LDH, WBC, MIPI score and Ki-67 at baseline. Median OS for the cohort was 65 months. Median OS for the groups were: standard-dose chemotherapy ±rituximab (45 months), R-HCVAD (74 months) and ASCT (92 months). Patients treated with either R-HCVAD or ASCT had a superior OS when compared to patients treated with standard- dose chemotherapy ±rituximab (p=.02, p=.005, LR test). We did not detect a survival advantage in patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by consolidative ASCT vs. R-HCVAD (p=.54, LR test). Conclusions: (R-)CHOP was inferior to both R-HyperCVAD and R- CHOP+HDT/ASCR, which both lead to superior outcome and provide a platform to build up either by the integration of novel therapies in combination or as part of a maintenance strategy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Long-term safety of sorafenib (SOR) for the treatment (tx) of advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (RCC): Data analysis from patients (pts) treated for over 1 year in the phase III TARGET study
Authors: T. E. Hutson, J. Bellmunt, C. Porta, M. Staehler, C. Szczylik, A. Nadel, S. Anderson, R. M. Bukowski, T. Eisen, B. Escudier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e16057 Background: Results of the phase III multicenter TARGET study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)- controlled study of tx with SOR in pts with clear-cell RCC in whom 1 prior systemic therapy had failed, indicated that SOR is effective (PFS 5.5 vs 2.8 mo, HR=0.44, P&lt;0.000001, and 39% increase in survival for SOR vs PBO, HR=0.71, P=0.015) and safe in pts with advanced RCC (Escudier et al. N Engl J Med. 2007). With a database cut-off of Sept 8, 2006, we analyzed the safety of long-term use of SOR in pts in TARGET (study start Nov 2003). Methods: Pts (N=903) with advanced metastatic clear-cell RCC that had progressed after 1 systemic tx, ECOG PS 0–2, and low- or intermediate-risk MSKCC score were randomized 1:1 to SOR 400 mg BID or PBO. End points included OS, PFS, and safety. A single planned analysis of PFS showed a significant benefit of SOR over PBO; consequently, pts assigned to PBO were offered SOR. Descriptive analysis of safety and efficacy of pts treated &gt;1 year (y) was conducted. Results: 169/903 pts were randomized to SOR and treated &gt;1 y and 27 pts treated &gt;2 y. Due to crossover of PBO to SOR, only 6 pts randomized to PBO were treated with SOR &gt;1 y. Pts treated with SOR &gt;1 y had median PFS of 10.9 months and a response rate of 22.5%. Median tx duration was 20 months. Drug-related adverse events (AEs) were mainly grades 1 and 2 and occurred early during tx (see Table ); 31% and 22% of pts required dose interruption and reduction, respectively, because of AEs. Conclusions: Long-term tx with SOR did not result in new toxicities or an increase in overall incidence of tx-related AEs. Toxicity was not cumulative and no increase in grades 3/4 AEs was observed. Pts with preexisting cardiac disease or hypertension tolerated long-term tx with SOR; no dose reduction was required. No increase in cardiovascular toxicity was observed in this pt population. Long-term tx of pts with advanced RCC with SOR is medically manageable, with a predictable AE profile. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Abstract 352: Risk Index of Sudden Death by Long QT Syndrome and Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome in School
Authors: Mamoru Ayusawa, Naokata Sumitomo
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objectives: To clarify the epidemiological risk of sudden death by QT prolongation and WPW syndrome in school life. Materials and Methods: Based on the data reported to the mutual aid insurance system for school from 1993 to 2009, sudden deaths of long QT syndrome and WPW syndrome those who had been found by screening system in school. Epidemiological data was compared. Prevalence of both diseases found in the screening system in this period to calculate the risk index of sudden death was compared in both diseases. Results: The prevalence of QT prolongation was 0.14 in 1,000. Fourteen sudden death cases were reported in 17 years, girls occupied 58.8%. Seven cases were in elementary school, and five cases in middle school students. Time zone is known in eight cases, six cases are in the morning, two cases in the afternoon. The prevalence of WPW syndrome found by screening system was 1.07 in 1,000. Eighteen sudden death cases were reported in 17 years, girls occupied 16.7%, one case in elementary school; two cases in the junior high school, and 15 cases were high school students. Time zone is known in six cases, all cases occurred in the afternoon. The number of sudden death in each disease divided by prevalence found by screening system was 8.6 in QT prolongation cases, and 1.2 in WPW syndrome cases. Risk of sudden death by QT prolongation was about seven times of WPW syndrome. Conclusion: This index is informative for a better understanding to the description of the risk need for attention of family, students and caregivers in schools.
&lt;italic&gt;Brief Communication:&lt;/italic&gt; Estrogen-Dependent In Vitro Stimulation of RNA Synthesis in Hormone-Dependent Mammary Tumors of the Rat&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L Y Arbogast, E R DeSombre
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Incubation of estradiol in vitro at 25 degrees C with homogenates of carcinogen-induced mammary tumors of ovariectomized rats stimulated the magnesium-dependent RNA polymerase activity of nuclei of the hormone-dependent (HD) (regressing) tumors, but had no effect on this activity in nuclei of hormone-independent (HI) (growing) tumors. Furthermore, recombination of the nuclei and cytosol fractions of HD and HI tumors indicated that the in vitro effect of estradiol on subsequent tumor nuclear RNA synthesis required the estrogen receptor-containing cytosol but was specific to nuclei of the HD tumor. This constituted the first direct in vitro effect of estrogen on a specific biochemical process in an HD mammary tumor.
Usefulness of telemetry monitoring in patients with cardiac amyloidosis undergoing stem cell transplant
Authors: Y. B. Goldsmith, J. Liu, R. L. Comenzo, R. M. Steingart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

19543 Background: Stem cell transplant (SCT) for systemic amyloidosis with cardiac involvement includes high-dose melphalan and stem cell infusions, with resulting fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, and infections which likely contribute to atrial (AA) and ventricular (VA) arrhythmias that are seen during SCT. However, the incidence of significant arrhythmias during SCT or the utility of telemetry monitoring (TM) has never been defined. Methods: Records from 17 consecutive patients with systemic AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement who underwent SCT and TM were retrospectively reviewed. There were 12 men (71%) and five women, median age 53 years. The median number of AA and VA events per patient was calculated. The arrhythmia events are graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v3.0 8/9/06). Results: Mean length of hospital stay was 24.4 days with no in-hospital mortality. There were 121 AA events and 201 VA events (median number of AA and VA events per patient = 4 and 10, respectively. The most common arrhythmia was non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT): 159 total events, median number of patient NSVT events = 7. All 17 patients had at least one episode of NSVT (Table). Thirteen patients (76.5%) had VA of Grade 2 (CTCAE) or higher and needed medical therapy that included initiation or increase in the dose of beta-blocker or amiodarone. One patient developed sustained ventricular tachycardia and required defibrillator placement. Another patient became hemodynamically unstable during an episode of rapid atrial fibrillation and required urgent cardioversion. Conclusions: Patients with cardiac amyloidosis undergoing SCT have a high incidence of AA and VA requiring treatment. In two of 17 patients, life-threatening arrhythmias were detected and treated. Therefore, concurrent TM is warranted and contributes to patient safety during SCT. Patient grading: Maximal severity of arrhythmia events during SCT. Arrhythmia Grading (CTCAE v 3.0) AA N=patients VA N=patients VA or AA N=patients Grade 1. Asymptomatic, intervention not indicated 11 4 12 Grade 2. Non-urgent medical intervention indicated 5 12 14 Grade 3. Symptomatic, incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device 0 0 0 Grade 4. Life-threatening 1 1 2 No significant financial relationships to disclose.