tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of missed treatments and early sign-offs in hemodialysis patients.
Authors: M V Rocco, J M Burkart
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Hemodialysis patients often do not complete their full amount of time on dialysis and at times miss their hemodialysis treatments completely. However, neither the magnitude nor the potential reasons for this problem are known. The prevalence of unauthorized absences from hemodialysis sessions (no shows) and both the prevalence and reasons for early terminations from hemodialysis sessions (early sign-offs) were prospectively studied at a large hemodialysis unit in the southeastern United States. This unit provided a total of 31,212 hemodialysis sessions in a 12-month period to an average of 231 patients. There was a total of 2,108 early sign-offs (6.8 +/- 0.9%/mo) and 387 "no-shows" (1.2 +/- 0.2%/mo) during this 12-month period. The most common reasons for early sign-off were cramping (17.9%), followed by "feels bad or sick" (14.2%), personal business or errands (12.1%), lack of transportation later in the day (7.7%), and refusal to comply with the prescribed treatment time (6.4%). In sum, approximately 55% of early sign-offs were due to medically related problems, whereas most of the remainder occurred because of either personal obligations or noncompliance with the dialysis prescription. This information should be of value when designing programs intended to reduce the number of early sign-offs in hemodialysis patients.
Inspiratory muscle function, dynamic hyperinflation and exertional dyspnoea in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Pierantonio Laveneziana, Marc Humbert, Laurent Godinas, Barbara Joureau, Roxane Malrin, Christian Straus, Xavier Jaïs, Olivier Sitbon, Gérald Simonneau, Thomas Similowski, Gilles Garcia
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Despite a preserved forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/vital capacity (VC), patients with idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may dynamically decrease their inspiratory capacity (IC) during cycle exercise ( i.e. dynamic hyperinflation) [1–3] and this could increase exertional dyspnoea [1, 3, 4]. Little information is currently available about whether the reduced IC during cycle exercise is related to respiratory mechanics abnormalities or to impaired inspiratory muscle function (fatigue or weakness). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between inspiratory muscle activity, dynamic changes in IC and the intensity of dyspnoea in PAH patients undergoing incremental symptom-limited cardiopulmonary cycle exercise test (CPET). PAH patients had preserved inspiratory muscle function regardless of changes in dynamic IC during cycle exercise <http://ow.ly/IoSL5> Some of the results of this study were reported in the form of an abstract at the European Respiratory Society International Congress which was held in Munich, Germany, in September 2014: Laveneziana P, Garcia G, Humbert M, et al. Exertional dyspnoea, dynamic hyperinflation and respiratory muscle function in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAHi). Eur Respir J 2014; 44: Suppl. 58, P4890.
A model to predict severe HCV-related disease following liver transplantation
Authors: M Berenguer
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Post-transplantation recurrence is increasing in patients with HCV. Early antiviral therapy may be of benefit in this setting. Thus, accurate and early prediction of progression may help select candidates for treatment. We developed a model based on pre- and/or early post-transplantation variables, which may predict progression to severe disease. Clinical and histologic outcomes were assessed in 554 liver recipients. A total of 1,353 biopsy specimens obtained after 1 year (median of 2 biopsies per patient; range, 1-8) were scored. Two outcome measures were used: cumulative probability of developing severe disease (fibrosis 3 and 4) within 5 years and actual progression to severe disease in 2 years. We used Cox proportional hazard survival analysis for the whole cohort. Predictors analyzed included HCV genotype and recipient, donor, and transplant-related variables. The cumulative risk of progressing to fibrosis 3 and 4 was significantly greater in patients transplanted recently (P < .001) and was present in all centers. Factors increasing this risk were genotype, induction with mycophenolate, donor age, short course of azathioprine, and prednisone (<12 months). To create a model of prediction, 285 patients with 2-year follow-up were used to create a logistic regression analysis. The estimated probability of being at high risk for severe disease was calculated from a formula that included donor age and recipient therapy as critical variables. In conclusion, we have developed a model that uses early post-transplantation variables to predict severe HCV recurrence. Accuracy of the model is not perfect (c-statistic 0.80), probably reflecting the complexity of HCV in the liver transplant setting.
THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS WITH CITRATED CALCIUM CARBIMIDE (TEMPOSIL)
Authors: JACKSON A. SMITH, ELAINE MANSFIELD, HOWARD D. HERRICK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

The lack of side-effects and the absence of severe cardiovascular response during a Temposil-alcohol reaction, increase the desirability of treating the alcoholic by interfering with the metabolism of the alcohol. Although this drug is rapidly excreted, there would seem to be question as to whether the patient who decides to drink will be deterred by having to wait a few days longer to start, if he is taking disulfiram rather than Temposil. Some observers have not regarded the reactions, when the patient taking Temposil drinks, as being sufficiently severe. However, there would seem to be little correlation between the discomfort the patient experiences and the maintenance of sobriety. The methods of treatment which interfere with the metabolism of alcohol are applicable only to the alcoholic who wants help in abstaining, and Temposil seemingly offers this help with the least discomfort–to patient and physician.
CYP2C19 genotype does not represent a genetic predisposition in idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: S. Kortunay, A. Bozkurt, L. Bathum, N. E Basci, M. Calguneri, K. Brosen, S O. Kayaalp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

The extracellular concentrations of adenosine are elevated during sepsis and adenosine receptors regulate the host’s response to sepsis. Here, we investigated the role of the adenosine generating ectoenzyme, ecto-59-nucleotidase (CD73) in regulating immune and organ function during sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by subjecting CD73 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice to cecal ligation and puncture. CD73 KO mice showed increased mortality in comparison with WT mice, which was associated with increased bacterial counts and elevated inflammatory cytokine and chemokine concentrations in the blood and peritoneum. CD73 deficiency promoted lung injury as indicated by increased myeloperoxidase activity and neutrophil infiltration, and elevated pulmonary cytokine levels. CD73 KO mice had increased apoptosis in the thymus, as evidenced by increased activation of caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and NF-κB. Septic CD73 KO mice had higher blood urea nitrogen levels and elevated cytokine levels in the kidney, indicating increased renal dysfunction. The increased kidney injury of CD73 KO mice was associated with augmented activation of p38 MAPK and decreased phosphorylation of Akt. Pharmacological inactivation of CD73 in WT mice using AMPCP augmented cytokine levels in the blood and peritoneal lavage fluid. These findings suggest that CD73-derived adenosine may be beneficial in sepsis.
Mobilization of CD34/CXCR4 <sup>+</sup> , CD34/CD117 <sup>+</sup> , c-met <sup>+</sup> Stem Cells, and Mononuclear Cells Expressing Early Cardiac, Muscle, and Endothelial Markers Into Peripheral Blood in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wojciech Wojakowski, Michał Tendera, Anna Michałowska, Marcin Majka, Magdalena Kucia, Katarzyna Maślankiewicz, Rafał Wyderka, Andrzej Ochała, Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Adult stem cells can contribute to myocardial regeneration after ischemic injury. Bone marrow and skeletal muscles contain a population of CXCR4 + cells expressing genes specific for muscle progenitor cells that can be mobilized into the peripheral blood. The aims of the study were (1) to confirm the presence of early tissue-committed cells expressing cardiac, muscle, and endothelial markers in populations of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and (2) to assess the dynamics and magnitude of the mobilization of CD34 + , CD117 + , CXCR4 + , c-met + , CD34/CD117 + , and CD34/CXCR4 + stem cells into peripheral blood in relation to inflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines in patients with ST-segment–elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods and Results— Fifty-six patients with STEMI (&lt;12 hours), 39 with stable angina, and 20 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for detection of tissue-specific markers. The number of the cells was assessed by use of a flow cytometer on admission, after 24 hours, and after 7 days. RT-PCR revealed increased expression of mRNA (up to 3.5-fold increase) for specific cardiac (GATA4, MEF2C, Nkx2.5/Csx), muscle (Myf5, Myogenin, MyoD), and endothelial (VE-cadherin, von Willebrand factor) markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The number of CD34/CXCR4 + and CD34/CD117 + and c-met + stem cells in peripheral blood was significantly higher in STEMI patients than in stable angina and healthy subjects, peaking on admission, without further significant increase after 24 hours and 7 days. Conclusions— The study demonstrates in the setting of STEMI a marked mobilization of mononuclear cells expressing specific cardiac, muscle, and endothelial markers as well as CD34/CXCR4 + and CD34/CD117 + and c-met + stem cells and shows that stromal cell–derived factor-1 is an important factor influencing the mobilization.
Long-term survival benefit and improved complete cytogenetic and molecular response rates with imatinib mesylate in Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of interferon-α
Authors: Hagop M. Kantarjian, Jorge E. Cortes, Susan O'Brien, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Francis Giles, Srdan Verstovsek, Stefan Faderl, Deborah Thomas, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Mary Beth Rios, Jianqin Shan, Dan Jones, Moshe Talpaz
Journal: Blood (2004)
Clinical, pharmacological and immunological aspects of delayed pressure urticaria
Authors: B.M. CZARNETZKI, J. MEENTKEN, T. ROSENBACH, A. POKROPP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

We studied the clinical features of thirty-two patients with delayed pressure urticaria, and special laboratory tests were performed in seven patients. Striking clinical features included a long duration of the disease (mean 6 years) and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 71%, dermographism in 63% and a leukocytosis in 33% of the patients. There was prolongation of weals in response to histamine, compound 48/80, concanavalin A and NaCl. In some patients, histamine and chemotactic factor levels were increased in suction blisters over skin test and delayed pressure sites. In extracts from pressure weals, chemotactic activity was found for leukotriene B4, its 20-ω-oxidation products and mono-HETEs. Studies of peripheral blood leukocytes revealed significantly increased intracellular histamine levels and increased release of histamine, and a trend to increased release of chemotactic activity from stimulated patient cells. The response of leukocytes to mitogens was normal. We conclude that histamine plays a major role in the pathogenesis of PU. Arachidonate-derived chemotactic factors might account for the variably observed leukocytosis and the cellular infiltrate in lesions of pressure urticaria. Additional mediators must be involved in PU in order to explain the unique prolonged wealing response.
Comparison of CPAP and others lung expansion techniques on thoracoabdominal mechanics after abdominal surgery: A randomized trial
Authors: Denise Paisani, Adriana Lunardi, Cibele Marques da Silva, Desiderio Cano Porras, Celso Carvalho
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Several respiratory techniques are widely used to promote lung expansion after surgery and recent studies showed that deep breaths and incentive spirometer promote significant increase in lung volumes; however, the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on thoracoabdominal mechanics remain poorly known. Objective: To compare the effect of CPAP versus other lung expansion techniques on thoracoabdominal mechanics after abdominal surgery. Methods: This clinical trial study enrolled 56 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Patients were randomized with concealed allocation in 4 treatment groups: flow-oriented incentive spirometry (FIS, n=13; 60±15yrs), volume-oriented incentive spirometry (n=15; 55±12yrs), deep breathing (n=15; 55±6yrs) and CPAP with expiratory pressure by 10cmH2O (n=13; 49±17yrs). The outcomes measured were the chest wall, upper and lower ribcage and abdominal volume (optoelectronic plethysmography) measured simultaneously with the muscular activity of the sternocleidomastoid and intercostal muscles (electromyography). One-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Student Newman Keuls test were used and significance level was set at 5%. Results: There were no differences in pulmonary volume as well the regionalization of ventilation during the use of CPAP compared to other techniques (p>0.05), however, FIS showed increase in sternocleidomastoid and intercostal muscular activity compared to others (p<0.05). Conclusion: CPAP does not promote additional effect on thoracoabdominal mechanics compared to other techniques after abdominal surgery. In addition, FIS promoted greater inspiratory muscular activity.
The use of mammary tumor virus (Mtv)-negative and single-Mtv mice to evaluate the effects of endogenous viral superantigens on the T cell repertoire.
Authors: M T Scherer, L Ignatowicz, A Pullen, J Kappler, P Marrack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Most laboratory strains of mice have between two and eight endogenous superantigens. These viral superantigens (vSAGs) are coded by genes in the 3' long terminal repeats of endogenous mammary tumor viruses (Mtv's). A line of Mtv-negative mice and several lines of mice containing single Mtv's were created by inbreeding the F2 progeny of CBA/CaJ and C58/J mice, which have no Mtv integrants in common. This allowed the T cell repertoire of H-2k mice, unaffected by Mtv superantigens, as well as the effects of vSAGs upon that repertoire, to be studied. Although each individual mouse had a different mix of C58/J and CBA/CaJ background genes, the T cell repertoires of different Mtv-negative mice were very similar and were reproducible. Since the background genes did not affect the V beta repertoire, there are no super-antigens, other than those encoded by Mtv's, that differ between CBA/CaJ and C58/J. CD4 and CD8 T cells had quite different repertoires in the Mtv-negative mice because of the effects of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules on positive and negative selection. vSAG3 was found to delete V beta 5 T cells, while vSAG8 deleted V beta 7 T cells, and vSAG9 deleted V beta 13 T cells in addition to their previously reported specificities. vSAG17 deletes a small proportion of CD4+ T cells bearing V beta 11 and -12. vSAG14 and -30 have little effect on the T cell repertoire and are not expressed in thymocytes and splenocytes. An endogenous superantigen that has a low avidity for a particular V beta may positively select thymocytes, leading to an increased frequency of peripheral T cells bearing the relevant V beta s. We found evidence that vSAG11 may positively select T cells bearing V beta 8.2. Our data, which analyzed the effects of seven endogenous Mtv's, showed little evidence of positive selection by any other vSAGs on T cells bearing any V beta tested, despite published reports to the contrary.
Anti-C1q autoantibodies deposit in glomeruli but are only pathogenic in combination with glomerular C1q-containing immune complexes
Authors: Leendert A. Trouw, Tom W.L. Groeneveld, Marc A. Seelen, Jacques M.G.J. Duijs, Ingeborg M. Bajema, Frans A. Prins, Uday Kishore, David J. Salant, J. Sjef Verbeek, Cees van Kooten, Mohamed R. Daha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Anti-C1q autoantibodies are present in sera of patients with several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Strikingly, in SLE the presence of anti-C1q is associated with the occurrence of nephritis. We have generated mouse anti–mouse C1q mAb's and used murine models to investigate whether anti-C1q autoantibodies actually contribute to renal pathology in glomerular immune complex disease. Administration of anti-C1q mAb JL-1, which recognizes the collagen-like region of C1q, resulted in glomerular deposition of C1q and anti-C1q autoantibodies and mild granulocyte influx, but no overt renal damage. However, combination of JL-1 with a subnephritogenic dose of C1q-fixing anti–glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies enhanced renal damage characterized by persistently increased levels of infiltrating granulocytes, major histological changes, and increased albuminuria. This was not observed when a non–C1q-fixing anti-GBM preparation was used. Experiments with different knockout mice showed that renal damage was dependent not only on glomerular C1q and complement activation but also on Fcγ receptors. In conclusion, anti-C1q autoantibodies deposit in glomeruli together with C1q but induce overt renal disease only in the context of glomerular immune complex disease. This provides an explanation why anti-C1q antibodies are especially pathogenic in patients with SLE.
Intrasplenic lymphoma resembling multiple hematomas in a hemophiliac
Authors: Joseph D. Sweeney, James M. Hassett
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract A 42‐year‐old patient with hemophilia A developed acute left hypochondrial pain 8 days postnephrolithotomy. A colloidal scan indicated multiple hematomas, and conservative management was given. Postoperatively, recurrent discomfort necessitated splenectomy. Multiple space‐occupying lesions were found, and the histology was that of a large, noncleaved lymphoma. Contiguous spread outside of the capsule was evident, but abdominal nodes and liver appeared normal. Chemotherapy was administered, with evidence of tumor response, but refractoriness supervened, and the patient died 4 months after the diagnosis. Space‐occupying lesions in a hemophiliac are generally ascribed to hematomas. The exposure of this population to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should raise the consideration of a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in any situation where rapid clinical resolution of a hematoma is not occurring.
Cytotoxicity Responses to Melanoma Cells by Human Lymphoid Cell Subpopulations 2
Authors: Peggy A. O'Neill, Bruce F. Mackler, Marvin M. Romsdahl
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Cytotoxicity Responses to Melanoma Cells by Human Lymphoid Cell Subpopulations Get access Peggy A. O'Neill, Peggy A. O'Neill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bruce F. Mackler, Bruce F. Mackler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marvin M. Romsdahl Marvin M. Romsdahl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 2, August 1976, Pages 431–434, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.2.431 Published: 01 August 1976 Article history Received: 04 August 1975 Accepted: 03 February 1976 Published: 01 August 1976
Clinical Care Guidelines for Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes
Authors: Antoinette Moran, Carol Brunzell, Richard C. Cohen, Marcia Katz, Bruce C. Marshall, Gary Onady, Karen A. Robinson, Kathryn A. Sabadosa, Arlene Stecenko, Bonnie Slovis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common comorbidity in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), occurring in ϳ20% of adolescents and 40 -50% of adults (1).While it shares features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, CFRD is a distinct clinical entity.It is primarily caused by insulin insufficiency, although fluctuating levels of insulin resistance related to acute and chronic illness also play a role.The additional diagnosis of CFRD has a negative impact on pulmonary function and survival in CF, and this risk disproportionately affects women (2-4).In contrast to patients with other types of diabetes, there are no documented cases of death from atherosclerotic vascular disease in patients with CFRD, despite the fact that some now live into their sixth and seventh decades.These guidelines are the result of a joint effort between the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF), the American Diabetes Association (ADA), and the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES).They are intended for use by CF patients, their care partners, and health care professionals and include recommendations for screening, diagnosis, and medical management of CFRD.This report focuses on aspects of care unique to CFRD.A comprehensive summary of recommendations for all people with diabetes can be found in the ADA Standards of Medical Care, published annually in the January supplement to Diabetes Care (5).
Changes in the Transmission of Tuberculosis in New York City from 1990 to 1999
Authors: Elvin Geng, Barry Kreiswirth, Cynthia Driver, Jiehui Li, Joseph Burzynski, Phyllis DellaLatta, Angel LaPaz, Neil W. Schluger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Over the past decade, there has been a reduction in the incidence of tuberculosis in New York City and in the United States. However, the reduction has been confined mainly to U.S.-born persons. Understanding the reasons for the lack of reduction among non–U.S.-born persons may lead to new strategies for tuberculosis control.
Neural Coding of Uncertainty and Probability
Authors: Wei Ji Ma, Mehrdad Jazayeri
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2014)

Organisms must act in the face of sensory, motor, and reward uncertainty stemming from a pandemonium of stochasticity and missing information. In many tasks, organisms can make better decisions if they have at their disposal a representation of the uncertainty associated with task-relevant variables. We formalize this problem using Bayesian decision theory and review recent behavioral and neural evidence that the brain may use knowledge of uncertainty, confidence, and probability.