tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suppression of hapten-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in mice by idiotype-specific suppressor T cells after administration of anti-idiotypic antibodies.
Authors: H Yamamoto, M Nonaka, D H Katz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses specific for the phosphorylcholine (PC) hapten were induced in BALB/c mice by immunization with syngeneic peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) coupled with diazotized phenyl-phosphoryl-choline. PC-specific DTH responses were elicited in such immunized mice after footpad challenge with PC-derivatized syngeneic spleen cells. Moreover, PC-immune lymph node cells could passively transfer PC-specific DTH responses to naive BALB/c mice and it was possible to demonstrate that the cells responsible for such passively transferred responses were T lymphocytes. Because the T-15 idiotypic determinant displayed on the TEPC-15 PC-binding myeloma protein is known to be a dominant idiotype associated with anti-PC antibody responses in BALB/c mice, an analysis was made of the effects of anti-T-15 idiotypic antibodies on the induction and expression of murine PC-specific DTH responses. Repeated injections of anti-T-15 idiotypic antiserum, raised in A/J mice by immunization with TEPC-15 myeloma protein, into recipient BALB/c mice both immediately before and after sensitization with PC-PEC virtually abolished the development of PC-specific DTH responses. Although administration of anti-T-15 antiserum effectively inhibited the induction phase of PC-specific DTH responses, these anti-idiotypic antibodies had no suppressive activity at the effector phase of these responses. The inhibition observed with anti-T-15 antibodies was highly specific for the PC hapten, and for PC-specific DTH responses of BALB/c but not A/J mice. Studies were conducted to address the possibility that anti-Id treatment induced suppressor T lymphocytes capable of specifically inhibiting the activity of PC-specific T cells participating in DTH responses. The results demonstrate that idiotype-specific suppressor T cells are, indeed, induced by treatment with anti-Id; moreover, such suppressor T cells, once induced, are highly effective in abrogating both the induction and the effector phases of PC-specific T cell-mediated DTH responses in BALB/c mice.
Two strikes lead to leukemia
Authors: Heather L. Van Epps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

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A mutation in IRF-8 causes myeloproliferation in the spleen which predisposes BXH-2 mice to leukemia.New genetic mapping studies explain why a certain mouse strain is predisposed to developing fatal leukemia. Turcotte et al., reporting on 

[page 881][2], identify a
Cancer-associated metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate accumulates in acute myelogenous leukemia with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations
Authors: Stefan Gross, Rob A. Cairns, Mark D. Minden, Edward M. Driggers, Mark A. Bittinger, Hyun Gyung Jang, Masato Sasaki, Shengfang Jin, David P. Schenkein, Shinsan M. Su, Lenny Dang, Valeria R. Fantin, Tak W. Mak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), are present in most gliomas and secondary glioblastomas, but are rare in other neoplasms. IDH1/2 mutations are heterozygous, and affect a single arginine residue. Recently, IDH1 mutations were identified in 8% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. A glioma study revealed that IDH1 mutations cause a gain-of-function, resulting in the production and accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Genotyping of 145 AML biopsies identified 11 IDH1 R132 mutant samples. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite screening revealed increased 2-HG levels in IDH1 R132 mutant cells and sera, and uncovered two IDH2 R172K mutations. IDH1/2 mutations were associated with normal karyotypes. Recombinant IDH1 R132C and IDH2 R172K proteins catalyze the novel nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)–dependent reduction of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-HG. The IDH1 R132C mutation commonly found in AML reduces the affinity for isocitrate, and increases the affinity for NADPH and α-KG. This prevents the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-KG, and facilitates the conversion of α-KG to 2-HG. IDH1/2 mutations confer an enzymatic gain of function that dramatically increases 2-HG in AML. This provides an explanation for the heterozygous acquisition of these mutations during tumorigenesis. 2-HG is a tractable metabolic biomarker of mutant IDH1/2 enzyme activity.
A Novel Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoprotein, DC-LAMP, Induced upon DC Maturation, Is Transiently Expressed in MHC Class II Compartment
Authors: B de Saint-Vis, J Vincent, S Vandenabeele, B Vanbervliet, J.-J Pin, S Aït-Yahia, S Patel, M.-G Mattei, J Banchereau, S Zurawski, J Davoust, C Caux, S Lebecque
Journal: Immunity (1998)
Circus Movement within the AV Node as a Basis for Supraventricular Tachycardia as Shown by Multiple Microelectrode Recording in the Isolated Rabbit Heart
Authors: M. J. JANSE, F. J. VAN CAPELLE, G. E. FREUD, D. DURRER
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Supraventricular tachycardia in an isolated rabbit heart preparation was repeatedly initiated and terminated by carefully timed atrial premature beats. Transmembrane action potentials of AV nodal cells were recorded simultaneously by a "brush electrode" consisting of 10 microelectrodes. Surface electrograms of atrium and His bundle were also recorded. The moments of activation of 54 different AV nodal cells, both during regular driving of the atrium and during tachycardia were ascertained. Premature atrial beats introduced during tachycardia would either "reset" the tachycardia or terminate it. The sequence of activation of the AV nodal cells when initiating tachycardia, during tachycardia itself, and when premature beats were interpolated during tachycardia warrant the conclusion that a circus movement in the AV node, based on functional longitudinal dissociation of the upper AV node, was the underlying mechanism of the arrhythmia.
Myocardial and circulatory effects of inosine
Authors: H. M. HOFFMEISTER, R. BETZ, H. FIECHTNER, L. SEIPEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Myocardial and circulatory effects of inosine Get access HANS MARTIN HOFFMEISTER, HANS MARTIN HOFFMEISTER From the Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung III, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, West Germany Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr H M Hoffmeister, Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung III, Otfried Müller Strasse, D-7400 Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar REINHARD BETZ, REINHARD BETZ From the Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung III, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HEINRICH FIECHTNER, HEINRICH FIECHTNER From the Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung III, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LUDGER SEIPEL LUDGER SEIPEL From the Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung III, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 1, January 1987, Pages 65–71, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.1.65 Published: 01 January 1987 Article history Received: 02 August 1985 Accepted: 07 July 1986 Published: 01 January 1987
Chronic pancreatitis and choledochoduodenal anastomosis.
Authors: M Keclik, P Fric, V Smat, V Friedberger
Journal: Gut (1968)

The authors present a case of bilateral total hip replacements (THRs) in a 56-year-old patient with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC). The considerations for the perioperative period and the outcome are discussed. Preoperative planning included an anaesthetic review and availability of fiberoptic intubation due to poor mouth opening. Perioperatively, contractures can make positioning and exposure difficult but in this case a standard posterior approach was taken. Particular attention was given to soft tissue balancing given the theoretical risk of dislocation. There were no perioperative complications. Postoperatively there has been improvement in pain and hip scores but the patient has failed to return to work. Objective improvements in range of motion (ROM) have not been made. This experience suggests THR is a safe and effective treatment for osteoarthritic hip pain in patients with AMC but patients should be informed that ROM is unlikely to improve.
Decreased Serotonin 2A Receptor Densities in Neuroleptic-Naive Patients With Schizophrenia: A PET Study Using [18F]Setoperone
Authors: E T Ngan, L N Yatham, T J Ruth, P F Liddle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared serotonin receptor binding in patients with schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects.METHOD: They used positron emission tomography with [18F]setoperone to examine six patients with schizophrenia who had never been given neuroleptics and seven age-matched subjects who did not have schizophrenia.RESULTS: A nondirected voxel-based analysis of the subjects' entire search volume found that serotonin 2A binding potential in the frontal cortex index was significantly smaller (by 16.3%) in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy subjects.CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that the decrease in serotonin receptor densities previously reported in postmortem studies of subjects with schizophrenia are present at the onset of the illness, before exposure to neuroleptics.
Effect of Intravenous Saline, Albumin, or Hydroxyethylstarch on Blood Volume during Combined Ultrafiltration and Hemodialysis
Authors: FRANK M. VAN DER SANDE, JEROEN P. KOOMAN, JOS N. M. BARENDREGT, FRED H. M. NIEMAN, KAREL M. L. LEUNISSEN
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. It is generally advocated to use saline or albumin infusions during symptomatic hypotension during dialysis. However, because of their side effects and/or costs, they are of limited use. Hydroxyethylstarch (HES), a synthetic colloid with a long-standing volume effect, is used in the management of hypovolemia. In this study, the efficacy of three fluids (isotonic saline [0.9%], albumin [20%], and HES [10%]) was assessed during three treatment sessions with combined ultrafiltration and hemodialysis, which differed in the type of fluid given intravenously. Changes in relative blood volume (BV), systolic BP (SBP), and vascular reactivity (venous tone [VT]) were compared. An intravenous infusion of 100 ml of fluid was given when the decrease in BV versus baseline was more than 10% as measured by a continuous optical reflection method. The ultrafiltration was continued. BV decreased significantly versus baseline independent of the intravenous fluid administration in all three treatment sessions. However, when we compared BV values at the end of the dialysis session with those at the time of infusion, BV continued to decrease significantly with saline (change in BV -4.56 ± 2.75%; P &lt; 0.05) and albumin (change in BV - 2.13 ± 2.51%; P &lt; 0.05), but not with HES (change in BV -0.15 ± 2.17%; NS). Between albumin and HES there were no significant differences in changes in BV (NS), whereas between HES and saline ( P &lt; 0.05) and between albumin and saline ( P &lt; 0.05) the differences in BV changes were significant. SBP remained unchanged within each session. Although SBP tended to decrease more with saline compared to albumin and HES, the difference was not significant. The higher decrease in BV and SBP with saline was counterbalanced by a significantly higher increase in VT, while VT remained unchanged in the other two sessions. It is concluded that HES is a promising fluid in preserving blood volume, comparable to albumin, but superior to saline.
Agricultural Tractor Accidents
Authors: W. D. Rees
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Our previous studies revealed that lactoferrin (LF) reconstitutes the cellular and humoral immune response in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. The aim of this investigation was to establish whether the suppressory effects of methotrexate (MTX) on the cellular and humoral immune response can be modulated by LF. We found that MTX, given intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w., 48 h following sensitization of CBA mice with ovalbumin (OVA), reduced by 80% the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Co-administration of LF in drinking water (0.5% solution) for the duration of the experiment (4 days) restored the DTH response almost to the control level. However, LF was not able to restore the primary humoral immune response, measured by the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC) to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in the spleens when MTX (1 mg/kg b.w.) was administered to mice i.p. 48h post immunization. On the other hand, mice treated with LF after second challenge with SRBC showed significant restoration of the MTX-suppressed humoral immune response following the booster immunization. In addition, LF (1 μg/ml) restored the secondary humoral immune response to SRBC in vitro when MTX (0.05-1 mM) was added to cell cultures on day 2 following cell culture initiation. These data demonstrate that LF preferentially restores the cellular immune response impaired by MTX treatment. It seems that LF also prevents the block of the activity of T memory cells in the secondary, humoral immune response. Taken together, we demonstrated that LF given orally can reduce the toxic effects of MTX.
Thoracoscopy--state of the art
Authors: R Loddenkemper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

"Medical" thoracoscopy as compared with "surgical" thoracoscopy (which is more precisely known as video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)) has the advantage that it can be performed under local anaesthesia or conscious sedation, in an endoscopy suite, using nondisposible rigid instruments. Thus, it is considerably less invasive and less expensive. The main diagnostic and therapeutic indications for medical thoracoscopy are pleural effusions and pneumothorax. Due to its high diagnostic accuracy, approaching almost 100% in malignant and tuberculous pleural effusions, it should be used when pleural fluid analysis and needle biopsy are nondiagnostic. In addition, medical thoracoscopy provides staging for lung cancer and diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Talc poudrage, as the best conservative method for pleurodesis in 1998, can also be performed with medical thoracoscopy. It can also be effectively used in the early management of empyema. In spontaneous pneumothorax it allows staging, thereby facilitating treatment decisions, and in addition coagulation of eventual blebs and talc poudrage for efficient pleurodesis. Medical thoracoscopy is a safe procedure which is even easier to learn than flexible bronchoscopy. Due to its high diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency, it should be applied increasingly in the management of the above-mentioned pleuropulmonary diseases.
Rider injury rates and emergency medical services at equestrian events.
Authors: B R Paix
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

Horse riding is a hazardous pastime, with a number of studies documenting high rates of injury and death among horse riders in general. This study focuses on the injury experience of cross country event riders, a high risk subset of horse riders.Injury data were collected at a series of 35 equestrian events in South Australia from 1990 to 1998.Injury rates were found to be especially high among event riders, with frequent falls, injuries, and even deaths. The highest injury rates were among the riders competing at the highest levels.There is a need for skilled emergency medical services at equestrian events.
Targeting LMO2 with a Peptide Aptamer Establishes a Necessary Function in Overt T-Cell Neoplasia
Authors: Alex Appert, Chang-Hoon Nam, Natividad Lobato, Eva Priego, Ricardo Nunez Miguel, Tom Blundell, Lesley Drynan, Helen Sewell, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Terence Rabbitts
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract LMO2 is a transcription regulator involved in human T-cell leukemia, including some occurring in X-SCID gene therapy trials, and in B-cell lymphomas and prostate cancer. LMO2 functions in transcription complexes via protein-protein interactions involving two LIM domains and causes a preleukemic T-cell development blockade followed by clonal tumors. Therefore, LMO2 is necessary but not sufficient for overt neoplasias, which must undergo additional mutations before frank malignancy. An open question is the importance of LMO2 in tumor development as opposed to sustaining cancer. We have addressed this using a peptide aptamer that binds to the second LIM domain of the LMO2 protein and disrupts its function. This specificity is mediated by a conserved Cys-Cys motif, which is similar to the zinc-binding LIM domains. The peptide inhibits Lmo2 function in a mouse T-cell tumor transplantation assay by preventing Lmo2-dependent T-cell neoplasia. Lmo2 is, therefore, required for sustained T-cell tumor growth, in addition to its preleukemic effect. Interference with LMO2 complexes is a strategy for controlling LMO2-mediated cancers, and the finger structure of LMO2 is an explicit focus for drug development. [Cancer Res 2009;69(11):4784–90]
Comparison of reactogenicity and antigenicity of M37 rotavirus vaccine and rhesus-rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine
Authors: J. Flores, A.Z. Kapikian, I. Perez-Schael, M. Blanco, L. White, D. Garcia, M. Vilar, R. Gonzalez, C. Urbina, J. Boher, M. Mendez, W. Cunto
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Coping with antibiotic resistance: contributions from genomics
Authors: Gian Rossolini, Maria Thaller
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

Antibiotic resistance is a public health issue of global dimensions with a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and healthcare-associated costs. The problem has recently been worsened by the steady increase in multiresistant strains and by the restriction of antibiotic discovery and development programs. Recent advances in the field of bacterial genomics will further current knowledge on antibiotic resistance and help to tackle the problem. Bacterial genomics and transcriptomics can inform our understanding of resistance mechanisms, and comparative genomic analysis can provide relevant information on the evolution of resistant strains and on resistance genes and cognate genetic elements. Moreover, bacterial genomics, including functional and structural genomics, is also proving to be instrumental in the identification of new targets, which is a crucial step in new antibiotic discovery programs.
Active and passive smoking by CF patients in Belgium: A national survey
Authors: Veronique Godding, Lieven Stevens, Patrick Lebecque, Laurence Galanti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : In Belgium in 2011, 35% of the 15-29 years age group were regular smokers. No information was available about epidemiology of smoking by CF patients in our country.   Objectives : a) primary aim: to identify active (AS) and passive (PS) smokers in the Belgian CF patients b) secondary aim: to investigate physical, psychological and behavioural dependence of AS CF patients.   Methods : AS and PS were identified by means of a urinary cotinine dosage. Patients with positive results were asked to meet with a tobacologist, in order to evaluate their expired CO, their physical, psychological and behavioral dependance to nicotine, and their HAD score.   Results : (Interim analysis) 29 out 706 patients (4.5%, 78.8% of target) had positive urinary cotinine (> 100 mcg/ml); 17 positive patients met the tabacologist (12 AS, 5 PS). Among AS (mean age 28y ± 10, 84%M), mean urinary cotinine level was 0.863mcg/ml ± 0.464 (0.165 to1.5); mean exp CO was 13.3 ppm ± 7.6 (5-25); Fagestrom score was 4.5± 3 (1-9). 84% had a previous quit attempt. 41% AS smoked cannabis. Anxiety was associated with urinary cotinine level (R=0.825, p=0.009). All AS wished to receive specific help for smoking cessation at their CF reference center.   Conclusions : Active smoking is less prevalent among CF patients in Belgium than in healthy adolescents and young adults. CF AS had developed a moderate physical dependance to nicotine; their urinary cotinine was associated with their anxiety level. Smoking cessation help should be available at CF reference centers.
Mice lacking microRNA 133a develop dynamin 2–dependent centronuclear myopathy
Authors: Ning Liu, Svetlana Bezprozvannaya, John M. Shelton, Madlyn I. Frisard, Matthew W. Hulver, Ryan P. McMillan, Yaru Wu, Kevin A. Voelker, Robert W. Grange, James A. Richardson, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

MicroRNAs modulate cellular phenotypes by inhibiting expression of mRNA targets. In this study, we have shown that the muscle-specific microRNAs miR-133a-1 and miR-133a-2 are essential for multiple facets of skeletal muscle function and homeostasis in mice. Mice with genetic deletions of miR-133a-1 and miR-133a-2 developed adult-onset centronuclear myopathy in type II (fast-twitch) myofibers, accompanied by impaired mitochondrial function, fast-to-slow myofiber conversion, and disarray of muscle triads (sites of excitation- contraction coupling). These abnormalities mimicked human centronuclear myopathies and could be ascribed, at least in part, to dysregulation of the miR-133a target mRNA that encodes dynamin 2, a GTPase implicated in human centronuclear myopathy. Our findings reveal an essential role for miR-133a in the maintenance of adult skeletal muscle structure, function, bioenergetics, and myofiber identity; they also identify a potential modulator of centronuclear myopathies.
Late Initiation of Dialysis among Women and Ethnic Minorities in the United States
Authors: ANNAMARIA T. KAUSZ, GREGORIO T. OBRADOR, PRADEEP ARORA, ROBIN RUTHAZER, ANDREW S. LEVEY, BRIAN J. G. PEREIRA
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

The ideal timing of initiation of renal replacement (RRT) therapy has been debated. It is currently recommended that RRT be instituted once the GFR falls below 10.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), unless edema-free body weight is stable or increased, the normalized protein nitrogen appearance rate is 0.8 g/kg per d or greater, and there are no clinical signs or symptoms of uremia. However, the mean estimated GFR at initiation of dialysis in the United States is 7.1 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Factors that are associated with timing of initiation of dialysis in the United States are not clear. A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the factors that are associated with late initiation of dialysis as defined by GFR at initiation of less than 5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) among patients who began dialysis in the United States between 1995 and 1997. Data were obtained from the U.S. Renal Data System, and GFR was estimated using the formula derived from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Twenty-three percent of patients started dialysis late. In the multivariate analysis, women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.70), Hispanics and Asians (OR = 1.47 and 1.66, respectively, compared with Caucasians), uninsured patients (OR = 1.55 compared with private insurance), and employed patients (OR = 1.20) were more likely to start dialysis late. Patients with diabetes, cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease, and poor functional status were less likely to start dialysis late compared with patients without these comorbid conditions. Certain nonclinical patient characteristics, notably female gender, race, and lack of insurance, are related to an increased likelihood of late initiation of dialysis. These factors may reflect reduced access to care. Additional studies are indicated to determine the potential impact of reduced access to care and whether late initiation of dialysis results in adverse clinical and economic outcomes among patients with end-stage renal disease in the United States.