tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computer-Assisted Cognitive Therapy for Depression: Maintaining Efficacy While Reducing Therapist Time
Authors: Jesse H Wright, Andrew S Wright, Anne Marie Albano, Monica R Basco, L Jane Goldsmith, Troy Raffield, Michael W Otto
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

The aim of this investigation was to compare the efficacy of computer-assisted cognitive therapy against standard cognitive therapy and a control group without treatment for outpatients with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder.Medication-free participants (N=45) with major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to cognitive therapy (N=15), computer-assisted cognitive therapy (N=15), or a wait list (N=15). Both active treatments consisted of nine sessions over 8 weeks. Therapist time was reduced after the first visit for computer-assisted cognitive therapy, with 25-minute sessions rather than 50-minute sessions. Assessments were completed pretreatment, after 4 and 8 weeks of therapy, and 3 and 6 months posttreatment.Computer-assisted cognitive therapy and standard cognitive therapy were superior to the wait list control group for treatment of depression and did not differ from each other on the primary outcome variables. Very large between-group effect sizes were observed. Improvement in depression for both computer-assisted cognitive therapy and standard cognitive therapy was maintained at the 3- and 6-month follow-up evaluations. Computer-assisted cognitive therapy had more robust effects, relative to being wait-listed, than standard cognitive therapy in reducing measures of cognitive distortion and in improving knowledge about cognitive therapy.A multimedia, computer-assisted form of cognitive therapy with reduced therapist contact was as efficacious as standard cognitive therapy. Computer-assisted therapy could decrease costs and improve access to cognitive therapy for depression.
Inventive protocols of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) avoid artifacts in right pulmonary artery (rPA), improving detectability of pulmonary embolism (PE)
Authors: Miho Ikura, Hirohiko Ikura, Hisayuki Abe, Seiichiroh Watanabe, Shin Kimoto, Yohko Kawawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

PURPOSE: A bolus injection of contrast medium (CM) in CTPA over-elevates the density in the veins. It makes too difficult to diagnose PE sometimes.  The purpose of this study is to evaluate three injection protocols for CTPA to improve the image quality of rPA.  MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 consecutive patients suspected PE underwent CTPAs using a 64-detector MDCT. Each protocol was started with a 3.5ml/sec.-injection of 100ml of CM (300mgI/ml) via vein in upper limb. Three protocols followed the above CM injection, protocol-1 (P-1) with immediate exposure, protocol-2 (P-2) with exposure after 10 sec.-delayed, and protocol-3 (P-3) with exposure after injection of 30ml saline (3ml/sec.). We observed artifacts regarding rPA, subclavian veins, calcification, and motion. Then an artifact-observed score (AOS) was given 0 to 4 as artifact grade.  RESULTS: Each average of AOS in rPA was 1.50 in P-1, 0.25 in P-2, and 0.13 in P-3. The AOS in P-1 was higher than the others, in P-2 (p=0.04) and in P-3 (p=0.001). Each average of AOS in subclavian veins and motion artifact did not differ from P-1 to P-3. The CM-density of all regions of interest in P-1 were higher than the others significantly.  CONCLUSION: Two inventive protocols are useful to reduce the artifacts in rPA. They may improve detectability of thrombi in rPA in CTPA.
Hepatic parenchymal replacement in mice by transplanted allogeneic hepatocytes is facilitated by bone marrow transplantation and mediated by CD4 cells
Authors: Konrad L. Streetz, Regis Doyonnas, Dirk Grimm, Denison D. Jenkins, Sally Fuess, Scott Perryman, Joseph Lin, Christian Trautwein, Judith Shizuru, Helen Blau, Karl G. Sylvester, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The lack of adequate donor organs is a major limitation to the successful widespread use of liver transplantation for numerous human hepatic diseases. A desirable alternative therapeutic option is hepatocyte transplantation (HT), but this approach is similarly restricted by a shortage of donor cells and by immunological barriers. Therefore, in vivo expansion of tolerized transplanted cells is emerging as a novel and clinically relevant potential alternative cellular therapy. Toward this aim, in the present study we established a new mouse model that combines HT with prior bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Donor hepatocytes were derived from human alpha(1)-antitrypsin (hAAT) transgenic mice of the FVB strain. Serial serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for hAAT protein were used to monitor hepatocyte engraftment and expansion. In control recipient mice lacking BMT, we observed long-term yet modest hepatocyte engraftment. In contrast, animals undergoing additional syngeneic BMT prior to HT showed a 3- to 5-fold increase in serum hAAT levels after 24 weeks. Moreover, complete liver repopulation was observed in hepatocyte-transplanted Balb/C mice that had been transplanted with allogeneic FVB-derived bone marrow. These findings were validated by a comparison of hAAT levels between donor and recipient mice and by hAAT-specific immunostaining. Taken together, these findings suggest a synergistic effect of BMT on transplanted hepatocytes for expansion and tolerance induction. Livers of repopulated animals displayed substantial mononuclear infiltrates, consisting predominantly of CD4(+) cells. Blocking the latter prior to HT abrogated proliferation of transplanted hepatocytes, and this implied an essential role played by CD4(+) cells for in vivo hepatocyte selection following allogeneic BMT. Conclusion: The present mouse model provides a versatile platform for investigation of the mechanisms governing HT with direct relevance to the development of clinical strategies for the treatment of human hepatic failure. (Hepatology 2008;47:706–718.)
Neutralizing B-Cell–Activating Factor Antibody Improves Survival and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in a Severe Combined Immunodeficient Human Multiple Myeloma Model
Authors: Paola Neri, Shaji Kumar, Maria Teresa Fulciniti, Sonia Vallet, Shweta Chhetri, Sidhartha Mukherjee, YuTzu Tai, Dharminder Chauhan, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Salvatore Venuta, Nikhil C. Munshi, Teru Hideshima, Kenneth C. Anderson, Noopur Raje
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: B-cell–activating factor (BAFF) is a tumor necrosis factor superfamily member critical for the maintenance and homeostasis of normal B-cell development. It has been implicated in conferring a survival advantage to B-cell malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Experimental Design: Here, we validate the role of BAFF in the in vivo pathogenesis of MM examining BAFF and its receptors in the context of patient MM cells and show activity of anti-BAFF antibody in a severe combined immunodeficient model of human MM. Results: Gene microarrays and flow cytometry studies showed increased transcripts and the presence of all three receptors for BAFF in CD138+ patient MM cells, as well as an increase in plasma BAFF levels in 51 MM patients. Functional studies show that recombinant BAFF protects MM cells against dexamethasone-induced apoptosis accompanied by an increase in survival proteins belonging to the BCL family. These in vitro studies led to the evaluation of a clinical grade–neutralizing antibody to BAFF in a severe combined immunodeficient human MM model. Anti-BAFF–treated animals showed decreased soluble human interleukin 6 receptor levels, a surrogate marker of viable tumor, suggesting direct anti-MM activity. This translated into a survival advantage of 16 days (P &amp;lt; 0.05), a decrease in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclasts, and a reduction in radiologically evident lytic lesions in anti-BAFF–treated animals. Conclusions: Our data show a role for BAFF as a survival factor in MM. Importantly, the in vivo antitumor activity of neutralizing anti-BAFF antibody provide the preclinical rationale for its evaluation in the treatment of MM.
Regulation of CXCR3 and CXCR4 expression during terminal differentiation of memory B cells into plasma cells
Authors: Gwendolin Muehlinghaus, Luisa Cigliano, Stephan Huehn, Anette Peddinghaus, Heike Leyendeckers, Anja E. Hauser, Falk Hiepe, Andreas Radbruch, Sergio Arce, Rudolf A. Manz
Journal: Blood (2005)
Mid-Career Burnout in Generalist and Specialist Physicians
Authors: Anderson Spickard, Jr
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Concurrent Expression of MYC and BCL2 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Rituximab Plus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone
Authors: Nathalie A. Johnson, Graham W. Slack, Kerry J. Savage, Joseph M. Connors, Susana Ben-Neriah, Sanja Rogic, David W. Scott, King L. Tan, Christian Steidl, Laurie H. Sehn, Wing C. Chan, Javeed Iqbal, Paul N. Meyer, Georg Lenz, George Wright, Lisa M. Rimsza, Carlo Valentino, Patrick Brunhoeber, Thomas M. Grogan, Rita M. Braziel, James R. Cook, Raymond R. Tubbs, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Elias Campo, Andreas Rosenwald, German Ott, Jan Delabie, Christina Holcroft, Elaine S. Jaffe, Louis M. Staudt, Randy D. Gascoyne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is curable in 60% of patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). MYC translocations, with or without BCL2 translocations, have been associated with inferior survival in DLBCL. We investigated whether expression of MYC protein, with or without BCL2 protein expression, could risk-stratify patients at diagnosis. Patients and Methods We determined the correlation between presence of MYC and BCL2 proteins by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with survival in two independent cohorts of patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP. We further determined if MYC protein expression correlated with high MYC mRNA and/or presence of MYC translocation. Results In the training cohort (n = 167), MYC and BCL2 proteins were detected in 29% and 44% of patients, respectively. Concurrent expression (MYC positive/BCL2 positive) was present in 21% of patients. MYC protein correlated with presence of high MYC mRNA and MYC translocation (both P &lt; .001), but the latter was less frequent (both 11%). MYC protein expression was only associated with inferior overall and progression-free survival when BCL2 protein was coexpressed (P &lt; .001). Importantly, the poor prognostic effect of MYC positive/BCL2 positive was validated in an independent cohort of 140 patients with DLBCL and remained significant (P &lt; .05) after adjusting for presence of high-risk features in a multivariable model that included elevated international prognostic index score, activated B-cell molecular subtype, and presence of concurrent MYC and BCL2 translocations. Conclusion Assessment of MYC and BCL2 expression by IHC represents a robust, rapid, and inexpensive approach to risk-stratify patients with DLBCL at diagnosis.
The fossil evidence for spatial cognition
Authors: Anne H. Weaver
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Wynn's model for the evolution of spatial cognition is well supported by fossil evidence from brain endocasts, and from neurological studies of the cerebellum and the posterior parietal region of the cerebral cortex. Wynn's intriguing hypothesis that the spatial skill reflected in artifacts is an index of navigational ability, could be further explored by an analysis of lithic transport patterns.
Boronolectins and fluorescent boronolectins: An examination of the detailed chemistry issues important for the design
Authors: Jun Yan, Hao Fang, Binghe Wang
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2005)

Abstract Glycans in the form of glycoproteins or glycolipids play very critical roles in various biological and pathological processes including inflammation, cancer metastasis, immune reactions, embryo development, cell–cell communications and adhesions, blood generation, etc. Proteins (lectins) that can recognize carbohydrates have played very important roles in studying glycobiology. Small molecule mimics of lectins will be very useful in the development of new therapeutics and diagnostics. Along this line, boronic acids have been widely used in the design and synthesis of small organic compounds that mimic the function of lectins. This review examines in detail the factors that are important for the design of boronic acid‐based lectin mimics, boronolectins. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanobiotechnology Promotes Noninvasive High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound Cancer Surgery
Authors: Yu Chen, Hangrong Chen, Jianlin Shi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

The successful cancer eradication in a noninvasive manner is the ultimate objective in the fight against cancer. As a “bloodless scalpel,” high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is regarded as one of the most promising and representative noninvasive therapeutic modalities for cancer surgery. However, large‐scale clinical applications of HIFU are still in their infancy because of critical efficiency and safety issues which remain to be solved. Fortunately, recently developed nanobiotechnology provides an alternative efficient approach to improve such important issues in HIFU, especially for cancer therapy. This Research News presents the very recent exciting progresses on the elaborate design and fabrication of organic, inorganic, and organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles for enhancing the HIFU ablation efficiency against tumor tissues. It is highly expected that this Research News can arouse more extensive research enthusiasm on the development of functional nanomaterials for highly efficient HIFU‐based synergistic therapy, which will give a promising noninvasive therapeutic modality for the successful cancer therapy with minimal damage to surrounding normal tissues, due to the noninvasive and site‐specific therapeutic features of HIFU.
Comparison of imatinib mesylate, dasatinib (BMS-354825), and nilotinib (AMN107) in an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)–based mutagenesis screen: high efficacy of drug combinations
Authors: Heather A. Bradeen, Christopher A. Eide, Thomas O'Hare, Kara J. Johnson, Stephanie G. Willis, Francis Y. Lee, Brian J. Druker, Michael W. Deininger
Journal: Blood (2006)
Comparative productivity under special crop programme in Benue State, Nigeria: A case of participant and non-participant soybean growers
Authors: G. A. Abu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

This study set out to analyze the scarce resource allocation in the special crop programme between farmers who participated in this programme and who did not. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, Z-test and regression analysis. The results of the study showed that most of the participant soybean farmers and non participant farmers were within the age bracket of 31 to 40 years. Most of the respondents were males for both soybeans. A significant difference in output was found between participant and non-participant farmers. The per hectare average cost of production for soybean participant farmers was N33,624. The gross margins per hectare N 26,734 soybean were found to be profitable. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that 83 and 67% of the variations in soybean yield were explained by the combined effect of herbicide, fertilizer, seed and labor for participant and non-participant farmers respectively. Soybean farmers (both participants and non participants) were producing in stage two, the rational stage of production. The ratios of Marginal Value Product (MVP) to marginal factor cost (MFC) were greater than unity, hence, they were economically inefficient in resource use. The major problems encountered by the farmers were inadequate storage facilities and inadequate quantity of fertilizer. The study concluded that participant and non-participant farmers in the special crop programme were inefficient in resource use. The study recommended that production inputs such as fertilizer and herbicide should be provided through institutional sources at the required time and quantity and they should be made affordable for the end users.

	 

	Key words: Comparative, productivity, crop, programme, Nigeria, participant, non-participant.
A Tracer Dose of Technetium-99m–Labeled Liposomes Can Estimate the Effect of Hyperthermia on Intratumoral Doxil Extravasation
Authors: Miriam M. Kleiter, Daohai Yu, Lenore A. Mohammadian, Nelsen Niehaus, Ivan Spasojevic, Linda Sanders, Benjamin L. Viglianti, Pavel S. Yarmolenko, Marlene Hauck, Neil A. Petry, Terence Z. Wong, Mark W. Dewhirst, Donald E. Thrall
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: A noninvasive method to monitor intratumoral Doxil delivery in individual patients during targeted tumor therapy is important to predict treatment response. The purpose of this study was to determine if a small tracer dose of technetium-99m (99mTc)–labeled liposomes could be used to quantify the effect of local hyperthermia on intratumoral Doxil extravasation. Experimental Design: Experiments were carried out in a rat fibrosarcoma model with transplanted thigh tumors. Liposomes of approximately same size and composition as Doxil were radiolabeled using [technetium-99m (99mTc)]exametazime. Eight treatment groups received either Doxil, a tracer dose or a large dose of 99mTc-labeled liposomes, or a combination of tracer and Doxil, with or without hyperthermia. This design was chosen to assure that coadministration of both liposomal formulations did not influence their intratumoral distribution. Hyperthermia was done for 45 minutes. Scintigraphic images were obtained at 5 and 18 hours. At 18 hours, tumors were removed and gamma counts as well as doxorubicin concentrations were measured. Results: Intratumoral extravasation of the 99mTc-labeled tracer could be imaged scintigraphically under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. The thermal enhancement ratio was slightly higher for radiolabeled liposomes than for doxorubicin concentration. However, there was a significant positive correlation of intratumoral doxorubicin concentration and intratumoral uptake of the radiolabeled tracer (expressed as percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue). Coadministration of radiolabeled liposomes did not negatively influence the amount of drug delivered with Doxil. Conclusions: The use of a radiolabeled tracer has potential value to monitor drug delivery and estimate the effect of an intervention aimed to increase liposomal accumulation, such as local hyperthermia.
Motexafin-Gadolinium Taken Up <i>In vitro</i> by at Least 90% of Glioblastoma Cell Nuclei
Authors: Gelsomina De Stasio, Deepika Rajesh, Judith M. Ford, Matthew J. Daniels, Robert J. Erhardt, Bradley H. Frazer, Tolek Tyliszczak, Mary K. Gilles, Robert L. Conhaim, Steven P. Howard, John F. Fowler, François Estève, Minesh P. Mehta
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: We present preclinical data showing the in vitro intranuclear uptake of motexafin gadolinium by glioblastoma multiforme cells, which could serve as a prelude to the future development of radiosensitizing techniques, such as gadolinium synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy (GdSSR), a new putative treatment for glioblastoma multiforme. Experimental Design: In this approach, administration of a tumor-seeking Gd-containing compound would be followed by stereotactic external beam radiotherapy with 51-keV photons from a synchrotron source. At least two criteria must be satisfied before this therapy can be established: Gd must accumulate in cancer cells and spare the normal tissue; Gd must be present in almost all the cancer cell nuclei. We address the in vitro intranuclear uptake of motexafin gadolinium in this article. We analyzed the Gd distribution with subcellular resolution in four human glioblastoma cell lines, using three independent methods: two novel synchrotron spectromicroscopic techniques and one confocal microscopy. We present in vitro evidence that the majority of the cell nuclei take up motexafin gadolinium, a drug that is known to selectively reach glioblastoma multiforme. Results: With all three methods, we found Gd in at least 90% of the cell nuclei. The results are highly reproducible across different cell lines. The present data provide evidence for further studies, with the goal of developing GdSSR, a process that will require further in vivo animal and future clinical studies.
Bladder Cancer: Optimal Application of Preclinical Models to Suitable Translational Questions
Authors: Derek Raghavan
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

Bladder cancer is a paradigm of solid tumor malignancy, and despite increased understanding of the molecular biology of this disease, cure rates have not changed greatly for 20 years. Further progress is being slowed by poor accrual of patients to structured clinical trials. The use of preclinical models, and in particular bladder cancer xenografts and cell lines, may allow more rational design of clinical trials, provided that the experimental questions posed are within the capability of the respective models. With the availability of targeted therapeutic drugs for treating bladder cancer, these models may be useful for the design of drug combination regimens and optimal sequencing of reagents.
miR-21 mediates fibrogenic activation of pulmonary fibroblasts and lung fibrosis
Authors: Gang Liu, Arnaud Friggeri, Yanping Yang, Jadranka Milosevic, Qiang Ding, Victor J. Thannickal, Naftali Kaminski, Edward Abraham
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Uncontrolled extracellular matrix production by fibroblasts in response to tissue injury contributes to fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive and ultimately fatal process that currently has no cure. Although dysregulation of miRNAs is known to be involved in a variety of pathophysiologic processes, the role of miRNAs in fibrotic lung diseases is unclear. In this study, we found up-regulation of miR-21 in the lungs of mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis and also in the lungs of patients with IPF. Increased miR-21 expression was primarily localized to myofibroblasts. Administration of miR-21 antisense probes diminished the severity of experimental lung fibrosis in mice, even when treatment was started 5–7 d after initiation of pulmonary injury. TGF-β1, a central pathological mediator of fibrotic diseases, enhanced miR-21 expression in primary pulmonary fibroblasts. Increasing miR-21 levels promoted, whereas knocking down miR-21 attenuated, the pro-fibrogenic activity of TGF-β1 in fibroblasts. A potential mechanism for the role of miR-21 in fibrosis is through regulating the expression of an inhibitory Smad, Smad7. These experiments demonstrate an important role for miR-21 in fibrotic lung diseases and also suggest a novel approach using miRNA therapeutics in treating clinically refractory fibrotic diseases, such as IPF.