tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selection based on morphological assessment of oocytes and embryos at different stages of preimplantation development: a review
Authors: T. Ebner
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2003)

In contrast to IVF, in ICSI the surrounding cumulus and corona cells must be removed completely, as only denuded oocytes can be successfully manipulated by the holding pipette. This ancillary effect of ICSI allows us to focus on the morphology of preimplantation development from the earliest stages. Early prognosis regarding the developmental fate of oocytes would help to limit a negative impact of culture conditions. However, little evidence is available that non‐invasive selection at the oocyte stage (first polar body, granular cytoplasm) may be of prognostic value. Recently, certain patterns of pronuclei (number and the distribution of nucleoli) at the zygote stage were found to correlate with treatment outcome in IVF and ICSI cycles, offering an additional prognostic tool prior to cleavage. As there is evidence that embryo selection on day 2 or 3 based on morphological criteria (fragmentation, number of blastomeres, multinucleation, uneven cleavage) may be imprecise, patients might benefit from extended embryo culture to day 5. However, not all major chromosomal aberrations are incompatible with blastocyst formation, and prolonged culture in vitro does not exclusively select embryos with a normal chromosomal complement. Consequently, special care should be taken to minimize the presence of aneuploid concepti in culture. In addition, multiple selection at different stages of development will be required to filter out the correct 'candidate' embryo which will result in a healthy newborn.
Effect of dicarboxylic acids on normal human melanocytes in cultures
Authors: A.S. Breathnach, B. Martin, M. Nazzaro-Porro, S. Passi, G. Morpurgo, P. Mann, J. Cooper
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Effect of dicarboxylic acids on normal human melanocytes in culture Get access A.S. Breathnach, A.S. Breathnach St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Martin, B. Martin St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Nazzaro‐Porro, M. Nazzaro‐Porro Istituto Dermatologico, S. Gallicano, Rome, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Passi, S. Passi Istituto Dermatologico, S. Gallicano, Rome, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Morpurgo, G. Morpurgo Istituto Dermatologico, S. Gallicano, Rome, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Mann, P. Mann MRC Unit on the Experimental Pathology of Skin, Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Cooper J. Cooper MRC Unit on the Experimental Pathology of Skin, Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue s16, 1 December 1978, Pages 19–20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb15216.x Published: 01 December 1978
ISOLATION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC RETROVIRUS (LAV) FROM ZAIRIAN MARRIED COUPLE, ONE WITH AIDS, ONE WITH PRODROMES
Authors: A. Ellrodt, PH. Le Bras, L. Palazzo, F. Brun-Vezinet, P. Segond, L. Montagnier, F. Barre-Sinoussi, M.T. Nugeyre, F. Rey, C. Rouzioux, R. Caquet, J.C. Chermann
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Postgraduate medical education: organization and aims. Italy.
Authors: A Zanchetti
Journal: BMJ (1973)

commission, which decides whether an individual university should be allowed to organize this type of education.This national control is extremely strict and each university is entitled to teach only a limited number of specialties.Only in Paris, where there are 11 schools of medicine, are all the specialties taught.In addition, the final examinations are supervised by a national jury, so that standards are uniform throughout France.Nevertheless, there are exceptions, the most important one being that full-time training is compulsory for certain specialties.Thus surgery requires full-time training, and includes five years of practice as an intern-or resident-in teaching hospitals.In the same way, in specialties other than surgery, the specialist's title can be obtained after four years' full-time internship in teaching hospitals, without any of the examinations needed for the official degrees.Apart from the surgeons, between one-third and one-half of all specialists have received full-time training.From the point of view of professional legislation and of the regulations of the social security system part-time and full-time training produce specialists with exactly the same rights.Even so, part-time training is often considered inferior, and many Frenchmen believe that, without removing specialist training from the universities, we should resume an almost exclusive system of full-time training.Probably most doctors favour this but they have been unable to solve certain practical problems.However, full-time training is developing, and will soon become compulsory in psychiatry and internal medicine.Must we assume that full-time training is the only solution?Surely certain specialist qualifications, such as radiology, could be acquired through part-time training-particularly since the profession in France still favours leaving the gate of progressional promotion open to general practitioners.And it is practically impossible for a general practitioner who has been practising medicine for several years to give up his practice and become a full-time student for four years.
Development of a disease specific health related quality of life measure for adults and adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: L Gee
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Health related quality of life (HRQoL) measurement is important in determining the impact of disease on daily functioning and subsequently informing interventions. In cystic fibrosis (CF) generic HRQoL measures have been employed but these may not be sufficiently specific. The aim of the current work was to develop and validate a disease specific HRQoL measure for adults and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.Areas of concern to adults and adolescents with CF were identified by unstructured interviews, self-administered questionnaires, consultation with multidisciplinary specialist staff, a review of the relevant literature, and examination of other HRQoL measures. Items for the questionnaire were generated on the basis of this process. Continued evaluation and development of the Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life (CFQoL) questionnaire was undertaken by a process of statistical analysis and continued feedback from patients. The full testing and validation of the CFQoL questionnaire took place over four phases: (1) initial item generation and testing of a preliminary questionnaire, (2) testing and validation of the second version of the questionnaire, (3) test-retest reliability of a third and final version of the questionnaire, and (4) sensitivity testing of the final version of the questionnaire.Nine domains of functioning were identified using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Internal reliability of the identified domains was demonstrated using Cronbach alpha coefficients (range 0.72-0.92) and item to total domain score correlations. Concurrent validity (range r = 0.64-0.74), discriminatory ability between different levels of disease severity, sensitivity across transient changes in health (effect size range, moderate d = 0.56 to large d = 1.95), and test-retest reliability (r = 0.74-0.96) were also found to be robust.The CFQoL questionnaire is a fully validated disease specific measure consisting of 52 items across nine domains of functioning which have been identified by, and are of importance to, adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis. This measure will be useful in clinical trials and longitudinal studies.
Endothelial Function in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Response to Treatment
Authors: Mary S. M. Ip, Hung-Fat Tse, Bing Lam, Kenneth W. T. Tsang, Wah-Kit Lam
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation is a prognostic marker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced dilation of the brachial artery with Doppler ultrasound in 28 men with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and 12 men without OSA. Subjects with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index; mean +/- SD, 46.0 +/- 14.5) had lower FMD compared with subjects without OSA (5.3 +/- 1.7% vs. 8.3 +/- 1.0%, p < 0.001), and major determinants of FMD were the apnea-hypopnea index and age. There was no significant difference in NTG-induced dilation. Subjects with OSA were randomized to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or observation for 4 weeks. Subjects on nCPAP had significant increase in FMD, whereas those on observation had no change (4.4% vs. -0.8%, difference of 5.2%, p < 0.001). Neither group showed significant change in NTG-induced vasodilation. Eight subjects who used nCPAP for over 3 months were reassessed on withdrawing treatment for 1 week. On nCPAP withdrawal, FMD became lower than during treatment (p = 0.02) and were similar to baseline values. Our findings demonstrated that men with moderate/severe OSA have endothelial dysfunction and treatment with nCPAP could reverse the dysfunction; the effect, however, was dependent on ongoing use.
THE INFLUENCE OF MOVEMENT ON THE TRUNK OF THE HUMAN BODY
Authors: A. M. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1929)

I TNE DIRAlS3witlhout dangers of injury to the eye or production of rapid Xerythlemla.Tlhe nature of the light is similar to daylight, and all objects appear in their natur al colours.For this reason the lamp slhould be of practical use in plhotography an-d for general purposes of illumination.The spectro- scopic examiiination and the biological investigations which hiavo been described slhow that this lamp transmits rays of tlherapeutic value, and is in many respects " artificial sunlighlt."The lamp is manufactured by the Hewittic Electrical Company, Ltd., Horsham, Surrey.
Contact allergy to gold in dental patients
Authors: L. RÄSÄNEN, K. KALIMO, J. LAINE, O. VAINIO, J. KOTIRANTA, I. PESOLA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Gold sodium thiosulphate (GSTS) in patch test series commonly yields positive reactions. In this study of dental patients, the clinical relevance of these positive reactions, the suitability of gold compounds as patch test materials, and value of the lymphocyte proliferation test in gold contact allergy, were evaluated. The frequency of positive patch test reactions to GSTS was 12.4% in the dental series. Fifty-two patients, only two of whom were male, were studied. Thirteen (25%) had had symptoms from jewellery or dental restorations. However, in most cases gold allergy was subclinical. A 10% aqueous solution of gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) was almost as good as 0.5% GSTS in petrolatum as a marker of gold contact allergy, but 0.001% potassium dicyanoaurate (PDCA) yielded a high percentage of false-negative results. Seventy-three per cent of the subjects with positive patch tests to GSTS responded to gold compounds in vitro in the lymphocyte proliferation test, whereas 13 controls without gold contact sensitivity were negative. Consistent results in skin and lymphocyte proliferation tests provide support for the concept that gold salt-induced 'allergic-like' reactions are truly allergic in nature.
Cyclophilin A Is Secreted by a Vesicular Pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Jun Suzuki, Zheng-Gen Jin, David F. Meoli, Tetsuya Matoba, Bradford C. Berk
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in part by promoting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. Previously we demonstrated that cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a secreted oxidative stress-induced factor (SOXF) that promotes inflammation, VSMC growth, and endothelial cell apoptosis. However, the mechanisms that regulate CyPA secretion are unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that ROS-induced CyPA secretion from VSMC requires a highly regulated process of vesicle transport, docking, and fusion at the plasma membrane. Conditioned medium and plasma membrane sheets were prepared by exposing VSMC to 1 μmol/L LY83583, which generates intracellular superoxide. A vesicular transport mechanism was confirmed by colocalization at the plasma membrane with vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP). CyPA transport to the plasma membrane and secretion were significantly increased by LY83583. Reduction of VAMP-2 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited LY83583-induced CyPA secretion. Pretreatment with 3 μmol/L cytochalasin D, an actin depolymerizing agent, abrogated CyPA secretion. Infection with dominant-negative RhoA and Cdc42 adenovirus inhibited CyPA secretion by 72% and 63%, respectively, whereas dominant-negative Rac1 had a small effect (11%). Pretreatment with the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 (3 to 30 μmol/L) and myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin (1 to 10 μmol/L) inhibited CyPA secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Simvastatin (3 to 30 μmol/L) also dose-dependently inhibited LY83583-induced CyPA secretion likely via decreased isoprenylation of small GTPases. Our findings define a novel VSMC vesicular secretory pathway for CyPA that involves actin remodeling and myosin II activation via RhoA-, Cdc42-, and Rho kinase-dependent signaling events.
Conserved features of cohesin binding along fission yeast chromosomes
Authors: Christine K Schmidt, Neil Brookes, Frank Uhlmann
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Abstract Background Cohesin holds sister chromatids together to enable their accurate segregation in mitosis. How, and where, cohesin binds to chromosomes are still poorly understood, and recent genome-wide surveys have revealed an apparent disparity between its chromosomal association patterns in different organisms. Results Here, we present the high-resolution analysis of cohesin localization along fission yeast chromosomes. This reveals that several determinants, thought specific for different organisms, come together to shape the overall distribution. Cohesin is detected at chromosomal loading sites, characterized by the cohesin loader Mis4/Ssl3, in regions of strong transcriptional activity. Cohesin also responds to transcription by downstream translocation and accumulation at convergent transcriptional terminators surrounding the loading sites. As cells enter mitosis, a fraction of cohesin leaves chromosomes in a cleavage-independent reaction, while a substantial pool of cohesin dissociates when it is cleaved at anaphase onset. We furthermore observe that centromeric cohesin spreads out onto chromosome arms during mitosis, dependent on Aurora B kinase activity, emphasizing the plasticity of cohesin behavior. Conclusions Our findings suggest that features that were thought to differentiate cohesin between organisms collectively define the overall behavior of fission yeast cohesin. Apparent differences between organisms might reflect an emphasis on different aspects, rather than different principles, of cohesin action.
Integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-Targeted Radiotracer <sup>99m</sup>Tc-3P-RGD<sub>2</sub> Useful for Noninvasive Monitoring of Breast Tumor Response to Antiangiogenic Linifanib Therapy but not Anti-Integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> RGD<sub>2</sub> Therapy
Authors: Shundong Ji, Yumin Zheng, Guoqiang Shao, Yang Zhou, Shuang Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2013)

Purpose: 99m Tc-3P-RGD2 is a 99m Tc-labeled dimeric cyclic RGD peptide that binds to integrin αvβ3 with high affinity and specificity.The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of 99m Tc-3P-RGD2 SPECT/CT (single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography) as a molecular imaging tool for noninvasive monitoring breast tumor early response to antiangiogenesis therapy with linifanib, and to illustrate its limitations in monitoring the efficacy of anti-αvβ3 treatment.Methods: To support SPECT/CT imaging, biodistribution and therapy studies, the xenografted breast cancer model was established by subcutaneous injection of 5 × 10 6 MDA-MB-435 cells into the fat pad of each athymic nude mouse.Linifanib (ABT-869) was used as antiangiogenesis agent.The tumor volume was 180 ± 90 mm 3 on the day (-1 day) before baseline SPECT/CT.Each animal was treated twice daily with vehicle or 12.5 mg/kg linifanib.Longitudinal 99m Tc-3P-RGD2 SPECT/CT imaging was performed on days -1, 1, 4 and 11.Tumors were harvested at each time point for pathological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).Tumor uptake of 99m Tc-3P-RGD2 was calculated from SPECT/CT quantification.When cyclic peptide E[c(RGDfK)]2 (RGD2) was used as the anti-αvβ3 agent, SPECT/CT images were obtained only at 7 and 21 days after last RGD2 dose.Results: The tumor uptake of 99m Tc-3P-RGD2 from SPECT/CT quantification was almost identical to that from biodistribution.There was a dramatic reduction in both %ID and %ID/cm 3 tumor uptake of 99m Tc-3P-RGD2 during the first 24 hours of linifanib therapy.The therapeutic effect of linifanib was on both tumor cells and vasculature, as determined by IHC analysis of integrin αvβ3 and CD31.Changes in tumor vasculature were further confirmed by pathological H&E analysis of tumor tissues.While its %ID tumor uptake increased steadily in vehicle-treated group, the %ID tumor uptake of 99m Tc-3P-RGD2 decreased in linifanib-treated group slowly over the 11-day study period.The degree of tumor response to linifanib therapy correlated well to the integrin αvβ3 expression levels before linifanib therapy.Conclusion: 99m Tc-3P-RGD2 is an excellent radiotracer for monitoring integrin αvβ3 expression during and after linifanib therapy.99m Tc-3P-RGD2 SPECT/CT is an useful molecular imaging tool for patient selection before antiangiogenic and anti-αvβ3 therapy; but it would be difficult to use 99m Tc-3P-RGD2 for accurate and noninvasive monitoring of early tumor response to anti-αvβ3 therapy.
Determination of Adhesive Properties of Variant Metastatic Melanoma Cells to BALB/3T3 Cells and Their Virus-Transformed Derivatives by a Monolayer Attachment Assay 2
Authors: Jeffrey L. Winkelhake, Garth L. Nicolson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Determination of Adhesive Properties of Variant Metastatic Melanoma Cells to BALB/3T3 Cells and Their Virus-Transformed Derivatives by a Monolayer Attachment Assay Get access Jeffrey L. Winkelhake, Jeffrey L. Winkelhake 3Department of Cancer Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, P.O. Box 1809, San Diego, Calif. 92112.4Fellow of the Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Garth L. Nicolson Garth L. Nicolson 3Department of Cancer Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, P.O. Box 1809, San Diego, Calif. 92112.5Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Calif. 92664. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 2, February 1976, Pages 285–291, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.2.285 Published: 01 February 1976 Article history Received: 23 December 1974 Revision received: 03 September 1975 Accepted: 12 September 1975 Published: 01 February 1976
Complement Factor C4d Is a Common Denominator in Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Jamie S. Chua, Hans J. Baelde, Malu Zandbergen, Suzanne Wilhelmus, Leendert A. van Es, Johan W. de Fijter, Jan A. Bruijn, Ingeborg M. Bajema, Danielle Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Complement activation has a major role in thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), a disorder that can occur in a variety of clinical conditions. Promising results of recent trials with terminal complement-inhibiting drugs call for biomarkers identifying patients who might benefit from this treatment. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and localization of complement factor C4d in kidneys of patients with TMA. The secondary aims were to determine which complement pathways lead to C4d deposition and to determine whether complement activation results in deposition of the terminal complement complex. We examined 42 renal sections with histologically confirmed TMA obtained from a heterogeneous patient group. Deposits of C4d, mannose-binding lectin, C1q, IgM, and C5b-9 were scored in the glomeruli, peritubular capillaries, and arterioles. Notably, C4d deposits were present in 88.1% of TMA cases, and the various clinical conditions had distinct staining patterns within the various compartments of the renal vasculature. Classical pathway activation was observed in 90.5% of TMA cases. C5b-9 deposits were present in 78.6% of TMA cases and in 39.6% of controls (n=53), but the staining pattern differed between cases and controls. In conclusion, C4d is a common finding in TMA, regardless of the underlying clinical condition. Moreover, C5b-9 was present in >75% of the TMA samples, suggesting that terminal complement inhibitors may have a beneficial effect in these patients. C4d and C5b-9 should be investigated as possible diagnostic biomarkers in the clinical work-up of patients suspected of having complement-mediated TMA.
Tools and best practices for data processing in allelic expression analysis
Authors: Stephane E. Castel, Ami Levy-Moonshine, Pejman Mohammadi, Eric Banks, Tuuli Lappalainen
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

Allelic expression analysis has become important for integrating genome and transcriptome data to characterize various biological phenomena such as cis-regulatory variation and nonsense-mediated decay. We analyze the properties of allelic expression read count data and technical sources of error, such as low-quality or double-counted RNA-seq reads, genotyping errors, allelic mapping bias, and technical covariates due to sample preparation and sequencing, and variation in total read depth. We provide guidelines for correcting such errors, show that our quality control measures improve the detection of relevant allelic expression, and introduce tools for the high-throughput production of allelic expression data from RNA-sequencing data.