tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Specific and Taxonomic Differentiation between Psychovegetative Disorders and Psychoneuroses
Authors: M. Ermann
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

120 patients with psychovegetative disorders and 124 patients with psychoneuroses were differentiated by means of systematic and taxonomic statistical procedures underlying variables from personality questionnaires. Both groups of patients were found to be different. But the double strategy of the differentiation shows that the discrimination is a relative one.
Preventing preterm births: analysis of trends and potential reductions with interventions in 39 countries with very high human development index
Authors: Hannah H Chang, Jim Larson, Hannah Blencowe, Catherine Y Spong, Christopher P Howson, Sarah Cairns-Smith, Eve M Lackritz, Shoo K Lee, Elizabeth Mason, Andrew C Serazin, Salimah Walani, Joe Leigh Simpson, Joy E Lawn
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Dose-Related Levodopa-Induced Haemolytic Anaemia
Authors: FOLKE D. LINDSTRÖM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

A 71-year-old white man developed direct antiglobulin positive haemolytic anaemia after 16 months of levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Immunoglobulin G autoantibodies directed against Rh antigens were found in the patient's serum and on his erythrocytes. Reduction of levodopa dosage to one sixth with the aid of a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (benserazide) largely eliminated autoimmune haemolysis while maintaining adequate control of neurologic symptoms.
A Dynamic Notch Injury Response Activates Epicardium and Contributes to Fibrosis Repair
Authors: Jamie L. Russell, Sean C. Goetsch, Nicholas R. Gaiano, Joseph A. Hill, Eric N. Olson, Jay W. Schneider
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Transgenic Notch reporter mice express enhanced green fluorescent protein in cells with C-promoter binding factor-1 response element transcriptional activity (CBF1-RE(x)₄-EGFP), providing a unique and powerful tool for identifying and isolating "Notch-activated" progenitors.We asked whether, as in other tissues of this mouse, EGFP localized and functionally tagged adult cardiac tissue progenitors, and, if so, whether this cell-based signal could serve as a quantitative and qualitative biosensor of the injury repair response of the heart.In addition to scattered endothelial and interstitial cells, Notch-activated (EGFP(+)) cells unexpectedly richly populated the adult epicardium. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate EGFP(+) cells and excluded hematopoietic (CD45(+)) and endothelial (CD31(+)) subsets. We analyzed EGFP(+)/CD45⁻/CD31⁻ cells, a small (<2%) but distinct subpopulation, by gene expression profiling and functional analyses. We called this mixed cell pool, which had dual multipotent stromal cell and epicardial lineage signatures, Notch-activated epicardial-derived cells (NECs). Myocardial infarction and thoracic aortic banding amplified the NEC pool, increasing fibroblast differentiation. Validating the functional vitality of clonal NEC lines, serum growth factors triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the immobilized Notch ligand Delta-like 1-activated downstream target genes. Moreover, cardiomyocyte coculture and engraftment in NOD-SCID (nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency) mouse myocardium increased cardiac gene expression in NECs.A dynamic Notch injury response activates adult epicardium, producing a multipotent cell population that contributes to fibrosis repair.
Withholding or Withdrawing Treatment
Authors: Fenella Rouse
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The opinion of the American Medical Association (AMA) Council of Judicial and Ethical Affairs, "Withholding or Withdrawing Life-Prolonging Medical Treatment," makes clear that artificially supplied nutrition and hydration are medical treatments, to be considered in the same light as other technological procedures that may, in some circumstances, only prolong dying. As with all other treatment, it is primarily the patient's wishes that determine whether tubal sustenance should be administered. The statement also clarifies a point that is frequently obscured: patients' rights are the same whether the patients' deaths are imminent or whether the dying process may be prolonged for months or years. Recently, three courts, in Florida, California, and New Jersey, handed down rulings consistent with the new AMA opinion: In Florida, the husband of 75-year-old Helen Corbett went to court to stop the artificial feeding that was maintaining his wife. The trial court ruled that it
The vellus hair follicle in acne: hair growth and sebum excretion
Authors: U. BLUME, M. VERSCHOORE, M. PONCET, J. CZERNIELEWSKI, C.E. ORFANOS, H. SCHAEFER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

In this study we investigated the activity of the vellus hair follicle in acne. Hair growth and sebum excretion in vellus hair follicles were measured on the forehead and back of men, and on the forehead, cheek, and back of women with acne. Hair growth was assessed by computerized image analysis (phototrichogram), and sebum excretion by computer analysis using Sebutape. In patients with acne, marked differences were revealed when results were compared with recent data from healthy persons. In particular, the mean growth rate of vellus hairs was higher, whereas the percentage of anagen hairs was lower, and the duration of the anagen phase shorter in patients with acne than in healthy individuals. Hair growth and sebum excretion depended significantly (P < 0.01) on the anatomical site (forehead 414 hairs/cm2, 0.053 mm/day, 34%; back 93 hairs/cm2, 0.16 mm/day, 21%). In addition, analysis of hair growth revealed significantly higher values in females than in males for (i) percentage of anagen hairs (P > 0.01), (ii) for vellus hair length (P < 0.05), and (iii) for the duration of the anagen phase (P < 0.01). The present study demonstrates that the activity of the vellus hair follicle is influenced by acne, and vice versa, and therefore its role in the aetiopathogenesis of acne should be reconsidered.
Major histocompatibility complex class I-associated vaccine protection from simian immunodeficiency virus-infected peripheral blood cells.
Authors: J L Heeney, C van Els, P de Vries, P ten Haaft, N Otting, W Koornstra, J Boes, R Dubbes, H Niphuis, M Dings, M Cranage, S Norley, M Jonker, R E Bontrop, A Osterhaus
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccine protection from infected cells from another individual of the same species, vaccinated rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were challenged with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from another animal diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Half of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-vaccinated animals challenged were protected, whereas unprotected vaccinates progressed as rapidly to AIDS. Protection was unrelated to either total antibody titers to human cells, used in the production of the vaccine, to HLA antibodies or to virus neutralizing activity. However, analysis of the serotype of each animal revealed that all animals protected against cell-associated virus challenge were those which were SIV vaccinated and which shared a particular major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I allele (Mamu-A26) with the donor of the infected cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for SIV envelope protein were detected in three of four protected animals vs. one of four unprotected animals, suggesting a possible role of MHC class I-restricted CTL in protection from infected blood cells. These findings have possible implications for the design of vaccines for intracellular pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
MATURATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VITRO
Authors: Alberto J. L. Macario, Everly Conway de Macario, Claudio Franceschi, Franco Celada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

We have cultivated lymph node microfragments from beta-D-galactosidase (Escherichia coli) primed rabbits and have measured their secondary response directed towards the whole molecule (precipitating antibodies) and to a single determinant (activating antibodies) of the antigen. By decreasing the size of the fragments to 10(5) cells, we began to observe heterogeneity among identical cultures in terms of positivity of response, antibody specificity, and titers. The affinity of "early" activating antibodies was inversely proportional to the dose of challenge. While no maturation was seen in low and excessive challenge, in all cultures receiving intermediate doses the association constant was raised several orders of magnitude within periods of 20 days. The relevance of these data to the mechanism of affinity selection of antigen-sensitive cells is discussed.
Disposal of Low-Level Radioactive Waste
Authors: Conrad E. Nagle
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Hendee<sup>1</sup>presents the medical, social, and logistical obstacles faced by governmental officials trying to site low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) storage areas. These obstacles must be surmounted if all specialties of medicine are to have continued access to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of radioactive materials. Moreover, if they are not overcome, the public will see curtailment in the areas of new drug development and medical research that are dependent on long-lived tracer technology. The American College of Nuclear Physicians concurs with other groups who acknowledge that the technology exists for safe and permanent LLRW disposal. The campaign to implement the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act of 1980 and its 1985 amendments to establish LLRW disposal sites needs the support of the entire medical community. If solutions are not developed, any medical specialty that refers patients for nuclear medicine diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
Endovascular Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Disease
Authors: Alessandro S. Bortone, Emanuela De Cillis, Donato D’Agostino, Luigi de Luca Tupputi Schinosa
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The aim of this retrospective study is to investigate efficacy and middle-term results of the stent graft treatment for diseases of descending thoracic aorta.From March 1999 to October 2003, 132 patients (113 male and 19 female, mean age 62+/-14 years) were enrolled. They were divided into 4 groups: aneurysms (43, group A), post-traumatic lesions (24, group B), and complicated type B dissections (43, group C). Twenty-two further patients, with chronic type B dissection and not suitable for endovascular or surgical or hybrid techniques because of multiple entry tears without difference between the true and false lumen and poor clinical conditions, were obliged to receive medical management only (group D). All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scan and angiography as preoperative assessment. An optimal deployment with exclusion of the aneurysm and/or closure of the entry tear in dissection was achieved in 96.4% (106/110) of the patients that were discharged in good conditions within 6 days. No spinal cord injuries were observed. The follow-up (average 20.82+/-10.01 months, range 1 to 55 months), performed with serial chest CT scans, was 100% complete. No stent graft-related complications were detected, although only in 1 case, an asymptomatic rupture of the Excluder connecting bar was found with a perforation of the fabric and an intra-aortic exposition of the bar itself. In 2 patients with chronic dissection an asymptomatic type II endoleak was detected. A total of 4 hospital deaths resulted in an overall operative mortality of 3.9%. Seven patients (6.3%) died during the follow-up 5 of them for other diseases (4.5%). However, a 40.9% mortality was observed within the obliged medical treatment group.Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic diseases, even in the acute phase, may represent a valid option with a low mortality rate. Moreover, the efficacy is proved in the middle-term whereas the long-term follow-up is still pending.
STUDIES IN BLOOD COAGULATION
Authors: C. M. Van Allen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Description is given of changes in blood coagulability found in diseases of the rabbit, including malignant tumor, spontaneous infections, non-bacterial diseases and lesions, and hemorrhagic states specifically induced. The changes involved variously the time of onset of blood coagulation, clot formation rate and the rate and extent of clot retraction.
Biliary lipid metabolism in chronic pancreatitis: influence of steatorrhoea.
Authors: K Einarsson, B Angelin, C Johansson
Journal: Gut (1987)

Kinetics of [24-14C] cholic acid and [24-14C] chenodeoxycholic acid and biliary lipid composition were determined in patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis with (n = 8) and without (n = 8) steatorrhoea. Pool sizes, syntheses and fractional catabolic rates of the two bile acids were not significantly different from corresponding values in healthy controls. Biliary lipid composition was normal in patients without steatorrhoea. Patients with steatorrhoea, on the other hand, had lower cholesterol saturation of bile than corresponding controls. This is probably because of malabsorption of cholesterol.
Neogenesis of Lymphoid Structures and Antibody Responses Occur in Human Melanoma Metastases
Authors: Arcadi Cipponi, Marjorie Mercier, Teofila Seremet, Jean-François Baurain, Ivan Théate, Joost van den Oord, Marguerite Stas, Thierry Boon, Pierre G. Coulie, Nicolas van Baren
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lymphoid neogenesis, or the development of lymphoid structures in nonlymphoid organs, is frequently observed in chronically inflamed tissues, during the course of autoimmune, infectious, and chronic graft rejection diseases, in which a sustained lymphocyte activation occurs in the presence of persistent antigenic stimuli. The presence of such ectopic lymphoid structures has also been reported in primary lung, breast, and germline cancers, but not yet in melanoma. In this study, we observed ectopic lymphoid structures, defined as lymphoid follicles comprising clusters of B lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells (DC), associated with high endothelial venules (HEV) and clusters of T cells and mature DCs, in 7 of 29 cutaneous metastases from melanoma patients. Some follicles contained germinal centers. In contrast to metastatic lesions, primary melanomas did not host follicles, but many contained HEVs, suggesting an incomplete lymphoid neogenesis. Analysis of the repertoire of rearranged immunoglobulin genes in the B cells of microdissected follicles revealed clonal amplification, somatic mutation and isotype switching, indicating a local antigen-driven B-cell response. Surprisingly, IgA responses were observed despite the nonmucosal location of the follicles. Taken together, our findings show the existence of lymphoid neogenesis in melanoma and suggest that the presence of functional ectopic lymphoid structures in direct contact with the tumor makes the local development of antimelanoma B- and T-cell responses possible. Cancer Res; 72(16); 3997–4007. ©2012 AACR.
Failure of Alpha-Phenylbutyrate and Beta-Phenylvalerate in Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: DONALD S. FREDRICKSON, DANIEL STEINBERG
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Sodium alpha-phenylbutyrate and sodium beta-phenyl-n-valerate have been administered to a carefully controlled group of hypercholesterolemic patients. Prior reports that these compounds are effective in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia are not confirmed. Two patients developed toxic reactions requiring cessation of treatment. The ineffectiveness of these drugs, despite their inhibitory effect on the synthesis of cholesterol from acetate, is discussed in terms of recent biochemical information concerning their site of action.
Aberrant Promoter Methylation Profile and Association with Survival in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jian Gu, David Berman, Charles Lu, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Jack A. Roth, Marsha Frazier, Margaret R. Spitz, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Experimental Design: We examined the methylation status of nine genes in 155 tumors from patients with NSCLC using quantitative methylation-specific PCR. We analyzed the associations between gene methylation status and overall patient survival. Results: The methylation index, defined as the ratio between the number of methylated genes and the number of genes tested, was significantly higher in adenocarcinomas (0.38 ± 0.20) than in squamous cell carcinomas (0.30 ± 0.22; P = 0.027), in tumors from older patients (0.37 ± 0.20) than younger patients (0.30 ± 0.22; P = 0.040), and in tumors from heavier smokers (0.39 ± 0.21) than lighter smokers (0.29 ± 0.20; P = 0.042). In the Cox proportional hazards model, p16 methylation was associated with significantly poorer survival [hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.21-3.39]. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with hypermethylated p16 had significantly shorter survival (median = 21.7 months) than patients without p16 hypermethylation (median = 62.5 months; P = 0.0001, log-rank test). Hypermethylation of CDH1 or TIMP3 gene was associated with significantly better survival with hazard ratios of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.29-0.90) and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.36-0.97), respectively. Joint analysis of these three genes showed a significant trend for poorer survival as the number of unfavorable events increased (P = 0.0007). Conclusion: Hypermethylation of multiple genes exhibited significant differential effect on NSCLC patient survival. Assessment of the effect of each methylated gene on survival is needed to provide optimal prognostic value.
Role and regulation of interleukin-1 molecules in pro-asthmatic sensitised airway smooth muscle
Authors: R. Whelan, C. Kim, M. Chen, J. Leiter, M.M. Grunstein, H. Hakonarson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Interleukin (IL)-1beta is a pleiotropic, pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been importantly implicated in driving the inflammatory response and resultant changes in airway smooth muscle (ASM) responsiveness in asthma. IL-1beta belongs to a family of molecules, known as the IL-1 axis, which exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Since dysregulation of IL-1 axis molecules may be critical in the pathobiology of asthma, the present study examined the expression and activation of both the inhibitory and stimulatory IL-1 axis molecules in human ASM cells and their roles in modulating cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig)E immune complex (IgE cx)-mediated changes in rabbit ASM constrictor and relaxant responsiveness. The results demonstrate the following. 1) Pre-treatment of isolated rabbit tracheal rings with the inhibitory IL-1 axis members, IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-1 type-II receptor abrogated both IL-5- and IgE cx-induced changes in ASM responsiveness. 2) Administration of IL-5, IL-1beta and IgE cxs to human ASM cells increased mRNA and protein expressions of both stimulatory and inhibitory IL-1 axis molecules. 3) The time course of IL-5-induced IL-1 axis molecule expression preceded that of both IL-1beta and IgE immune cxs. Collectively, these findings suggest that modulation at the level of the interleukin-1 axis of molecules may have significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of asthma.
Do All Prepubertal Years of Diabetes Duration Contribute Equally to Diabetes Complications?
Authors: Kim C. Donaghue, Jan M. Fairchild, Maria E. Craig, Albert K. Chan, Stephen Hing, Lucy R. Cutler, Neville J. Howard, Martin Silink
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—This study was designed to explore the timeline of protection against complications in prepubertal children with diabetes, in particular the effects of diabetes duration before age 5 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this study, 193 adolescents with prepubertal diabetes onset were followed longitudinally for retinopathy (early background and clinical) and microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate &amp;gt;7.5 μg/min and &amp;gt;20 μg/min). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to compare the effect of pre- and postpubertal diabetes duration on the risk of each complication in 90 subjects reassessed as young adults. For the entire cohort, Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine time free of each complication, and survival was compared in those diagnosed before and after age 5 years. Accelerated failure time modeling was used to estimate the effect of covariates, including diabetes duration before puberty, on the risk of complications. RESULTS—Prepubertal duration improved the prediction for retinopathy over postpubertal duration alone in the young adults. The survival-free period of retinopathy and microalbuminuria was significantly longer (2–4 years) for those diagnosed before age 5 years compared with those diagnosed after age 5 years. Time to onset of all complications increased progressively with longer diabetes duration before gonadarche. Higher HbA1c during adolescence had an independent effect on the risk of retinopathy and microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS—Prepubertal diabetes duration remains a significant predictor of retinopathy in young adults. The effect of time on the risk of retinopathy and microalbuminuria is nonuniform, with an increasing delay in the onset of complications in those with longer prepubertal duration. These findings are of major clinical importance when setting targets of glycemic control in young children who are at greatest risk of hypoglycemia.
Cross-talk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: A link with obesity?
Authors: Josep M. Argilés, Joaquín López-Soriano, Vanessa Almendro, Sílvia Busquets, Francisco J. López-Soriano
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2004)

Since the discovery of leptin, the adipocyte and its products have been the subject of intensive research. Thus, it has been demonstrated that adipose tissue plays a central role in energy homeostasis, behaving as an endocrine organ that expresses molecules involved in regulation of metabolism; alterations in the expression or activity of those molecules have a fundamental role in pathologies such as obesity and insulin resistance. However, little is known about the role played by another tissue, skeletal muscle, which may have similar functions regarding metabolism control. Indeed, some molecules expressed in this tissue have recently been shown to modulate adipose metabolism. The present review considers the metabolic interrelationships and cross-talk of signals derived from both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. It is suggested that cytokines derived from both tissues may have an important role in maintaining an adequate ratio of skeletal muscle to fat and thus may play an important role in the control of body weight. IL-15 (a cytokine highly-expressed in skeletal muscle), TNF-α, and leptin could play a decisive role in the suggested "conversation" between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.