tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduction of myocardial infarct size: comparison between left atrial and left ventricular bypass.
Authors: J L Pennock, W E Pae, W S Pierce, J A Waldhausen
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A controlled study was undertaken to quantitate and compare the effect of left ventricular bypass (LVB) and left atrial bypass (LAB on left ventricular infarct volume (LVIV). After baseline studies, the left anterior descending coronary artery in each of 30 mongrel dogs was ligated 1-1.5 cm from its origin. After baseline ischemic studies, control dogs (group 1--10 dogs), LAB dogs (group 2--10 dogs), and LVB dogs (group 3--10 dogs) were monitored for four hours. Final infarct size was determined by the nitroblue tetrazolium staining technique. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and total systemic flow (TSF) showed no significant difference between control and left heart bypass groups. In group 1, the LVIV was 27.7 +/- 6.5 g/100 g left ventricle (LV). In group 2, left heart bypass (LHB) flow was 90 +/- 4% of TSF. The pressure time index (PTI) was 2845 +/- 52 mm Hg-sec/min. The PTI demonstrated no significant difference from cntrols. In group 2, LVIV was 22.5 +/- 6.0 g/100 g LV. LVIV was reduced 18.8% from controls (p less than 0.08). In group 2, LHB was complete. Left ventricular decompression (group 3) resulted in a PTI of 328 +/- 76 mm Hg-sec/min. The PTI was significantly different (p less than 0.001) from groups 1 and 2. The LVIV was 12.6 +/- 5.1 g/100 g LV. LVIV was reduced 54.5% from controls (p less than 0.001) and 44.0% from group 2 (p less than 0.001). These results suggest that LVB may be useful, not only in supporting the circulation in the patient with myocardial infarct and cardiogenic shock, but also in limiting infarct size.
First experience with novel molecular diagnostic method for detection of M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance
Authors: Andrei Gurbo, Alvils Krams, Liga Kuksa, Diana Dusacka, Girts Skenders, Jelena Storozenko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Latvia has middle level notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) and ranks among 27 countries with the highest level of multi-drug resistant TB.   Aim:  To explore the sensitivity of a newly available molecular diagnostic method GeneXpert® (GX) in early detection of  M.tuberculosis  (MT) and rifampicine (RIF) resistance.   Methods:  Retrospective case control study. 360 respiratory samples (sputum and/or bronchial washings) from 320 subjects were tested with GX from 13/07/2010 (introduction of the method) till 01/11/2010. New pulmonary TB cases were analyzed.   Results:  100 patients had new pulmonary TB. GX was positive in 68 cases, including 25 smear negative [Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and/or fluorescence microscopy] cases. Results of culture on liquid media (MGIT®) were available in 15 days, but on solid Levenstein-Jensen (LJ) media in 47.  2 patients with negative LJ culture were GX positive.  Resistance of MT against RIF on LJ media were detected in 14 cases and matched in 3 cases also with MGIT® method (results available in 80 and 24 days respectively).  In 6 cases out of 14 (40%) when RIF resistance detection concurred with LJ method, results with LJ were available in 68 days.  5 discordant cases (GX RIF resistant, LJ RIF sensitive) currently are extensively analyzed.   Conclusions:  In addition to conventional smear microscopy methods GeneXpert® improves the diagnostic of pulmonary TB and allows faster detection of RIF resistance.
Activation of monocyte effector genes and STAT family transcription factors by inflammatory synovial fluid is independent of interferon γ.
Authors: T K Sengupta, A Chen, Z Zhong, J E Darnell, L B Ivashkiv
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Activated monocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. Blood monocytes which enter the inflamed joint become activated upon adherence to extracellular matrix and exposure to a complex inflammatory environment. We have analyzed the mechanism of monocyte activation by soluble factors present in inflammatory synovial fluid (SF). Greater than 75% of inflammatory SFs tested (a total of 22 fluids to date) increased cell surface expression and dramatically increased mRNA levels of monocyte activation markers Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RIII, and HLA-DRA. This induction was not triggered by adherence, a known activating stimulus, and several lines of evidence showed that induction was not dependent upon interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Induction was not prevented by neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma antibodies and IFN-gamma was not detected in the SFs using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The SFs also were not able to activate the IFN-gamma-activated transcription factor Stat1, thus providing further support for the absence of IFN-gamma. SFs did activate a related signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family factor, termed Stat-SF, which bound specifically to the IFN-gamma response region (GRR), a well-characterized transcription element in the Fc gamma RI promoter. Based upon DNA-binding specificity and mobilities in gel shift assays, and reactivity with specific antisera, Stat-SF likely contains Stat3, or a closely related STAT family member. Neutralization of interleukin 6, a cytokine present in SFs which is known to activate Stat3, abolished the activation of Stat-SF and inhibited the induction of Fc gamma RI expression by SFs. These results demonstrate the activation of monocytes by inflammatory SF and suggest that monocyte activation at an inflammatory site may occur in the absence of IFN-gamma through the triggering of signal transduction pathways that activate STAT transcription factors.
Risk, Clinical Features, and Outcomes of Thrombosis Associated With Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Cedric Manlhiot, Ines B. Menjak, Leonardo R. Brandão, Colleen E. Gruenwald, Steven M. Schwartz, V. Ben Sivarajan, Hyaemin Yoon, Robert Maratta, Caitlin L. Carew, Janet A. McMullen, Nadia A. Clarizia, Helen M. Holtby, Suzan Williams, Christopher A. Caldarone, Glen S. Van Arsdell, Anthony K. Chan, Brian W. McCrindle
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Thrombosis, usually considered a serious but rare complication of pediatric cardiac surgery, has not been a major clinical and/or research focus in the past.We noted 444 thrombi (66% occlusive, 60% symptomatic) in 171 of 1542 surgeries (11%). Factors associated with increased odds of thrombosis were age <31 days (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; P=0.002), baseline oxygen saturation <85% (OR, 2.0; P=0.001), previous thrombosis (OR, 2.6; P=0.001), heart transplantation (OR, 4.1; P<0.001), use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (OR, 1.9 P=0.01), longer cumulative time with central lines (OR, 1.2 per 5-day equivalent; P<0.001), and postoperative use of extracorporeal support (OR, 5.2; P<0.001). Serious complications of thrombosis occurred with 64 of 444 thrombi (14%) in 47 of 171 patients (28%), and were associated with thrombus location (intrathoracic, 45%; extrathoracic arterial, 19%; extrathoracic venous, 8%; P<0.001), symptomatic thrombi (OR, 8.0; P=0.02), and partially/fully occluding thrombi (OR, 14.3; P=0.001); indwelling access line in vessel (versus no access line) was associated with lower risk of serious complications (OR, 0.4; P=0.05). Thrombosis was associated with longer intensive care unit (+10.0 days; P<0.001) and hospital stay (+15.2 days; P<0.001); higher odds of cardiac arrest (OR, 4.9; P<0.001), catheter reintervention (OR, 3.3; P=0.002), and reoperation (OR, 2.5; P=0.003); and increased mortality (OR, 5.1; P<0.001). Long-term outcome assessment was possible for 316 thrombi in 129 patients. Of those, 197 (62%) had resolved at the last follow-up. Factors associated with increased odds of thrombus resolution were location (intrathoracic, 75%; extrathoracic arterial, 89%; extrathoracic venous, 60%; P<0.001), nonocclusive thrombi (OR, 2.2; P=0.01), older age at surgery (OR, 1.2 per year; P=0.04), higher white blood cell count (OR, 1.1/10(9) cells per 1 mL; P=0.002), and lower fibrinogen (OR, 1.4/g/L; P=0.02) after surgery.Thrombosis affects a high proportion of children undergoing cardiac surgery and is associated with suboptimal outcomes. Increased awareness and effective prevention and detection strategies are needed.
Modeling the Effectiveness of Initial Management Strategies for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Djøra I. Soeteman, Natasha K. Stout, Elissa M. Ozanne, Caprice Greenberg, Michael J. Hassett, Deborah Schrag, Rinaa S. Punglia
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

BackgroundThe prevalence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and the marked variability in patterns of care highlight the need for comparative effectiveness research. We sought to quantify the tradeoffs among alternative management strategies for DCIS with respect to disease outcomes and breast preservation.
Persistent Organochlorine Chemicals in Plasma and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Anneclaire J. De Roos, Patricia Hartge, Jay H. Lubin, Joanne S. Colt, Scott Davis, James R. Cerhan, Richard K. Severson, Wendy Cozen, Donald G. Patterson, Larry L. Needham, Nathaniel Rothman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) have been suspected as possible contributors to increasing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence during the latter half of the 20th century based on their toxicologic properties and provocative epidemiologic reports. We investigated PCBs and other organochlorines and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a population-based case-control study in the United States. Congeners of PCBs (including coplanar congeners), dioxins, furans and pesticides or pesticide metabolites were measured in plasma of 100 untreated cases and 100 control subjects. We used a multiple imputation procedure to fill in missing values of levels determined to be below the detection limits. Risks of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with each analyte were estimated using conditional logistic regression for the continuous measure, exposure quartiles, trend across quartile categories, and exposures above the 95th percentile. Certain PCB congeners were associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including coplanar PCBs 156, 180, and 194, with odds ratios for the highest versus lowest quartile ranging from 2.7 to 3.5, and significant trends. Each of the furan congeners was associated with risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as were total furans, with 3.5-fold increased risk for the highest versus lowest quartile and a significant trend across quartiles (P = 0.006). The toxic equivalency quotient (TEQ), a summed metric that weights congeners by their dioxin-like potency, was associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, with 35% increased risk per 10 TEQ pg/g lipid (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.79). Our results add to existing literature, which suggests that exposure to organochlorines contributes to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk; these risks were most apparent for certain PCBs and furans.
Force production in mechanically isolated cardiac myocytes from human ventricular muscle tissue
Authors: J van der Velden, L.J Klein, M van der Bijl, M.A.J.M Huybregts, W Stooker, J Witkop, L Eijsman, C.A Visser, F.C Visser, G.J.M Stienen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: The expression of contractile isoforms changes during various pathological conditions but little is known about the consequences of these changes for the mechanical properties in human ventricular muscle. We investigated the feasibility of simultaneous determination of protein composition and isometric force development in single cardiac myocytes from human ventricular muscle tissue obtained from small biopsies taken during open heart surgery. Methods: Small biopsies of about 3 mg wet weight were taken during open heart surgery from patients with aortic valve stenosis. These biopsies were divided in two parts. One part (∼2 mg) was used for mechanical isolation of single myocytes and subsequent force measurement while the remaining part was used, in aliquots of 1 μg dry weight, for protein analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The myocytes were attached with silicon glue to a sensitive force transducer and a piezoelectric motor, mounted on an inverted microscope and permeabilized by means of Triton X-100. Force development was studied at various free calcium concentrations. Results: From all biopsies, myocytes could be obtained and the composition of contractile proteins could be determined. The average isometric force (±s.e.m.) at saturating calcium concentration obtained on 20 myocytes from 5 patients amounted to 51±8 kN/m2. Force was half maximal at a calcium concentration of 2.47±0.10 μM. Conclusion: These measurements indicate that it is possible to study the correlation between mechanical properties and protein composition in small biopsies from human ventricular muscle.
Purified Poloxamer 188 for Treatment of Acute Vaso-occlusive Crisis of Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: E P Orringer, J F Casella, K I Ataga, M Koshy, P Adams-Graves, L Luchtman-Jones, T Wun, M Watanabe, F Shafer, A Kutlar, M Abboud, M Steinberg, B Adler, P Swerdlow, C Terregino, S Saccente, B Files, S Ballas, R Brown, S Wojtowicz-Praga, J M Grindel
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextSickle cell disease (SCD) can cause severe painful episodes that are often thought to be caused by vaso-occlusion. The current therapy for these uncomplicated painful episodes includes hydration, oxygen, and analgesics. Purified poloxamer 188 may increase tissue oxygenation and thereby reduce inflammation, pain, and the overall duration of such painful episodes in patients with SCD.ObjectiveTo compare the duration of painful episodes in patients with SCD treated with purified poloxamer 188 to that of similar episodes experienced by patients who receive a placebo.Design and SettingRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, intention-to-treat trial conducted between March 1998 and October 1999 in 40 medical centers in the United States.ParticipantsTwo hundred fifty-five patients with SCD (aged 9-53 years) who had a painful episode sufficiently severe to require hospitalization and narcotic analgesics.InterventionPatients were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous infusion of purified poloxamer 188, 100 mg/kg for 1 hour followed by 30 mg/kg per hour for 47 hours (n = 127), or a matching volume of saline placebo (n = 128).Main Outcome MeasureDuration of the painful episode, from randomization to crisis resolution.ResultsMean (SD) duration of the painful episodes was 141 (42) hours in the placebo group compared with 133 (41) hours in those treated with purified poloxamer 188, a 9-hour reduction (P = .04). Subset analyses indicated an even more pronounced purified poloxamer 188 effect in children aged 15 years or younger (21 hours; P = .01) and in patients who were receiving hydroxyurea (16 hours; P = .02). Finally, the proportion of patients achieving crisis resolution was increased by purified poloxamer 188 (65/126 [52%] vs 45/123 [37%]; P = .02). Similar results were observed in children aged 15 years or younger (22/37 [60%] vs 10/36 [28%]; P = .009) and in patients who were also receiving hydroxyurea (12/26 [46%] vs 4/28 [14%]; P = .02).ConclusionsA decrease in the duration of painful episodes and an increase in the proportion of patients who achieved resolution of the symptoms were observed when the purified poloxamer 188–treated patients were compared with the patients receiving placebo. However, the difference between these groups was significant but relatively small. In subgroup analysis, a more significant effect on both parameters was observed in children and in patients who were receiving concomitant hydroxyurea. It is important to confirm both of these observations in further prospective trials.
Response to Comment on: Ramos-Zavala et al. Effect of Diacerein on Insulin Secretion and Metabolic Control in Drug-Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1591–1594
Authors: Maria G. Ramos-Zavala, Manuel González-Ortiz, Esperanza Martínez-Abundis, José A. Robles-Cervantes, Roberto González-López, Nestor J. Santiago-Hernández
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We thank Tobar et al. (1) for sharing the brief results and conclusions of an elegant study in an animal model of obesity and type 2 diabetes that allowed confirmation of the antihyperglycemic effect of diacerein, a medication frequently used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, and the responsible mechanisms by which …
Secretion of leukotriene C and other arachidonic acid metabolites by macrophages challenged with immunoglobulin E immune complexes.
Authors: C A Rouzer, W A Scott, A L Hamill, F T Liu, D H Katz, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Resident mouse peritoneal macrophages release the slow-reacting substance leukotriene C (LTC) on exposure to particulate IgE immune complexes. Because these cells lose their responsiveness to an IgE stimulus after 4 h in culture, maximum release of 20:4 metabolites is observed before this time. However, a similar diminution in 20:4 metabolism was not observed with a zymosan stimulus. Freshly explanted cells are deficient in intracellular glutathione (GSH) (12.4 +/- 0.4 pmol/micrograms cell protein), but GSH increases to a steady state value of 30-35 pmol/micrograms of cell protein between 3 and 9 h of culture. Because GSH is required for the synthesis of LTC and prostaglandin (PG)E2, cultures challenged immediately after explanation have a diminished capacity to synthesize these 20:4 metabolites and release prostacyclin as the major product. By 4-5 h in culture, macrophages form significant amounts of LTC and PGE2. Under optimum conditions of maximum responsiveness to an IgE stimulus and GSH content (after 4 h of culture), macrophages challenged with latex beads coated with IgE immune complexes synthesize 1.0 +/- 0.3 pmol of LTC/microgram cell protein (60 +/- 18 pmol/10(6) cells) in addition to prostacyclin (8.2 +/- 0.8 pmol/micrograms cell protein) and PGE2 (4.7 +/- 1.5 pmol/micrograms cell protein). These amounts are quantitatively similar to the arachidonic acid metabolites produced by macrophages challenged with IgG immune complex-coated latex beads or zymosan. These data demonstrate that macrophages produce large quantities of LTC and other 20:4 metabolites in response to particle-bound IgE and antigen, provided that the appropriate in vitro conditions are met. The macrophage might, therefore, be a major source of slow-reacting substance and other 20:4 metabolites generated during IgE-mediated reactions in vivo.
Potentiation of reperfusion-associated ventricular fibrillation by left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: A L Taylor, R Winter, F Thandroyen, S Murphree, L M Buja, R Eckels, P Pastor, M Kremers
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Important electrophysiological alterations that may predispose hearts to arrhythmias have been described for hypertrophied myocytes, and hypertrophy coupled with ischemia has been associated with an increased incidence of sudden death; however, an influence of hypertrophy on reperfusion arrhythmias has not been previously described. We hypothesized that reperfusion-associated arrhythmias would be potentiated by left ventricular hypertrophy. After induction of renovascular hypertension, 37 awake, unsedated dogs (17 with left ventricular hypertrophy and 20 without hypertrophy) underwent 15 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. All dogs were pretreated with lidocaine bolus injections and with lidocaine by continuous infusion during coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Reperfusion-associated ventricular fibrillation occurred in seven of 17 dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy versus one of 18 dogs without hypertrophy (p less than or equal to 0.05). The presence of hypertension was not significantly associated with an increased incidence of reflow ventricular arrhythmias. Neither QT interval nor area-at-risk was different between the dogs with and without reperfusion ventricular fibrillation; however, increased heart rate just before reperfusion did correlate with an increased incidence of ventricular fibrillation at reperfusion. Thus, 1) left ventricular hypertrophy was associated with a significantly increased incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation after 15 minutes of ischemia, 2) this increased incidence was independent of the presence of hypertension, and 3) lidocaine protected control and hypertrophied hearts against ventricular fibrillation during ischemia but was ineffective in protecting hypertrophied hearts against reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation.
CONGENITAL MEDIAN BARS OCCURRING IN TWINS
Authors: OTTO J. WILHELMI
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The term median bar in prostatic obstruction should be applied to any obstruction involving the posterior vesical lip, unassociated elsewhere with obstruction in the prostate, bladder or posterior urethra. It was originally described in 1830 by G. J. Guthrie, who then called it a dam or bar of the prostate. Later on, Alexander Randall, after an exhaustive pathologic study of prostates, found the term "bar" to be pathologically and anatomically correct. Median bars can be acquired or congenital in origin and they usually occur at an earlier age than do hypertrophies. But one must not be misled by this early appearance, for in a recent review of 355 cases Young found 208 median bars in men over 50 years of age. The etiology of most bars is primarily infection of the prostate and seminal vesicles, which results in a fibrosis and contracture at the prostatic neck. This evidence would seem
A Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion in C9ORF72 Is the Cause of Chromosome 9p21-Linked ALS-FTD
Authors: Alan E. Renton, Elisa Majounie, Adrian Waite, Javier Simón-Sánchez, Sara Rollinson, J. Raphael Gibbs, Jennifer C. Schymick, Hannu Laaksovirta, John C. van Swieten, Liisa Myllykangas, Hannu Kalimo, Anders Paetau, Yevgeniya Abramzon, Anne M. Remes, Alice Kaganovich, Sonja W. Scholz, Jamie Duckworth, Jinhui Ding, Daniel W. Harmer, Dena G. Hernandez, Janel O. Johnson, Kin Mok, Mina Ryten, Danyah Trabzuni, Rita J. Guerreiro, Richard W. Orrell, James Neal, Alex Murray, Justin Pearson, Iris E. Jansen, David Sondervan, Harro Seelaar, Derek Blake, Kate Young, Nicola Halliwell, Janis Bennion Callister, Greg Toulson, Anna Richardson, Alex Gerhard, Julie Snowden, David Mann, David Neary, Michael A. Nalls, Terhi Peuralinna, Lilja Jansson, Veli-Matti Isoviita, Anna-Lotta Kaivorinne, Maarit Hölttä-Vuori, Elina Ikonen, Raimo Sulkava, Michael Benatar, Joanne Wuu, Adriano Chiò, Gabriella Restagno, Giuseppe Borghero, Mario Sabatelli, David Heckerman, Ekaterina Rogaeva, Lorne Zinman, Jeffrey D. Rothstein, Michael Sendtner, Carsten Drepper, Evan E. Eichler, Can Alkan, Ziedulla Abdullaev, Svetlana D. Pack, Amalia Dutra, Evgenia Pak, John Hardy, Andrew Singleton, Nigel M. Williams, Peter Heutink, Stuart Pickering-Brown, Huw R. Morris, Pentti J. Tienari, Bryan J. Traynor
Journal: Neuron (2011)