tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microtubule Involvement in Translational Regulation of Fibronectin Expression by Light Chain 3 of Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Bin Zhou, Marlene Rabinovitch
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Our previous studies suggested that enhanced fibronectin mRNA translation in ductus arteriosus compared with aortic smooth muscle cells is related to increased expression of light chain 3 (LC3) of microtubule-associated protein 1, which binds an AU-rich element in the 3′ untranslated region of fibronectin mRNA. We therefore hypothesized that microtubules are involved in LC3-mediated fibronectin mRNA translational regulation. In this study we show that disruption of microtubules by colchicine inhibits fibronectin mRNA translation in cultured ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cells. We proposed that the mechanism might be related to decreased docking of fibronectin mRNA on the translational machinery, ie, membrane-bound polysomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum, and confirmed this by Northern blot analysis. To investigate the mechanism further, we carried out polysome analysis using sucrose gradient centrifugation and fractionation and studied the polysomal distribution of fibronectin mRNA and LC3 protein in the sucrose gradient by using RNase protection assay and Western immunoblotting, respectively. Colchicine treatment shifts fibronectin mRNA from the fractions containing membrane-bound polysomes to the fractions carrying free polysomes and concomitantly decreases the amount of LC3 protein in the fractions containing membrane-bound polysomes. Furthermore, an EDTA-release experiment demonstrates that LC3 protein associates with the 60S ribosomal subunit. Our data support the concept that microtubules may function with LC3 to facilitate sorting of fibronectin mRNA onto rough endoplasmic reticulum and translation.
Ventilation-perfusion scans in children treated for empyema
Authors: R C Mew, A Jaffe, L Biassoni, S Sonnappa
Journal: Thorax (2009)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> In a dynamic world, accurate beliefs about the environment are vital for survival, and individuals should therefore regularly seek out new information with which to update their beliefs. This aspect of behaviour is not well captured by standard theories of decision making, and the neural mechanisms of information seeking remain unclear. One recent theory posits that valuation of information results from representation of informative stimuli within canonical neural reward-processing circuits, even if that information lacks instrumental use. We investigated this question by recording EEG from twenty-three human participants performing a non-instrumental information-seeking task. In this task, participants could pay a monetary cost to receive advance information about the likelihood of receiving reward in a lottery at the end of each trial. Behavioural results showed that participants were willing to incur considerable monetary costs to acquire early but non-instrumental information. Analysis of the event-related potential elicited by informative cues revealed that the feedback-related negativity independently encoded both an information prediction error and a reward prediction error. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that information seeking results from processing of information within neural reward circuits, and suggests that information may represent a distinct dimension of valuation in decision making under uncertainty.
Irritation, staining and antipsoriatic activity of 10-acyl analogues of anthralin
Authors: K.K. MUSTAKALLIO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Irritation, staining and antipsoriatic activity of 10‐acyl analogues of anthralin Get access K.K. MUSTAKALLIO K.K. MUSTAKALLIO Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s20, 1 August 1981, Pages 23–27, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00994.x Published: 01 August 1981
Type III procollagen is a reliable marker of ARDS-associated lung fibroproliferation
Authors: Jean-Marie Forel, Christophe Guervilly, Sami Hraiech, François Voillet, Guillemette Thomas, Claude Somma, Véronique Secq, Catherine Farnarier, Marie-Josée Payan, Stéphanie-Yannis Donati, Gilles Perrin, Delphine Trousse, Stéphanie Dizier, Laurent Chiche, Karine Baumstarck, Antoine Roch, Laurent Papazian
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Anatomic Features of Enhancing Renal Masses Predict Malignant and High-Grade Pathology: A Preoperative Nomogram Using the RENAL Nephrometry Score
Authors: Alexander Kutikov, Marc C. Smaldone, Brian L. Egleston, Brandon J. Manley, Daniel J. Canter, Jay Simhan, Stephen A. Boorjian, Rosalia Viterbo, David Y.T. Chen, Richard E. Greenberg, Robert G. Uzzo
Journal: European Urology (2011)
The causal status of emotions in consciousness
Authors: Jason T. Ramsay, Marc D. Lewis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Rolls demonstrates how reward/punishment systems are key mediators of cognitive appraisal, and this suggests a fundamental, causal role for emotion in thought and behaviour. However, this causal role for emotion seems to drop out of Rolls's model of consciousness, to be replaced by the old idea that emotion is essentially epiphenomenal. We suggest a modification to Rolls's model in which cognition and emotion activate each other reciprocally, both in appraisal and consciousness, thus allowing emotion to maintain its causal status where it matters most.
A Phase 2 Study of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Luminal Crohn's Disease Refractory to Biologic Therapy
Authors: Geoffrey M. Forbes, Marian J. Sturm, Rupert W. Leong, Miles P. Sparrow, Dev Segarajasingam, Adrian G. Cummins, Michael Phillips, Richard P. Herrmann
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation
Authors: Edward A. Copelan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, which is used to treat both malignant and nonmalignant conditions, was first conceived more than 50 years ago, but problems associated with transplanting a nonsolid organ and modulating the immune response had to be solved before the procedure could be used clinically. This review summarizes background information about hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and discusses the current role of the procedure.
Hazard of deceptive advertising of athletic footwear.
Authors: S Robbins, E Waked
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

OBJECTIVES: Athletic footwear are associated with frequent injury that are thought to result from repetitive impact. No scientific data suggest they protect well. Expensive athletic shoes are deceptively advertised to safeguard well through "cushioning impact", yet account for 123% greater injury frequency than the cheapest ones. This study tested the hypothesis that deceptive advertising creates a false sense of security with users of expensive athletic shoes, inducing attenuation of impact moderating behaviour, increased impact, and injury. METHODS: Fifteen young healthy male volunteers confronted four surfaces: a bare force moment platform, and three with this platform covered by identical shoe sole material made to appear different and advertised divergently. Advertising messages suggested superior impact absorption and protection (deceptive message), poor impact absorption and high injury risk (warning message), and unknown impact absorption and safety (neutral message). Ground reaction forces were recorded for 10 barefoot footfalls, according to a protocol requiring stepping forward from perch to a surface 4.5 cm below. RESULTS: Impact varied as a function of advertising message (p &lt; 0.001). Deceptive message equalled neutral message in eliciting higher impact than the warning message and the bare platform. Differences grew with repetitions (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide a plausible mechanism explaining higher injury frequency in users of expensive athletic shoes. This is the first report to suggest: (1) deceptive advertising of protective devices may represent a public health hazard and may have to be eliminated presumably through regulation; (2) a tendency in humans to be less cautious when using new devices of unknown benefit because of overly positive attitudes associated with new technology and novel devices.
All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Middle-Aged People With Type 2 Diabetes Compared With People Without Diabetes in a Large U.K. Primary Care Database
Authors: Kathryn S. Taylor, Carl J. Heneghan, Andrew J. Farmer, Alice M. Fuller, Amanda I. Adler, Jeffrey K. Aronson, Richard J. Stevens
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE Middle-aged people with diabetes have been reported to have significantly higher risks of cardiovascular events than people without diabetes. However, recent falls in cardiovascular disease rates and more active management of risk factors may have abolished the increased risk. We aimed to provide an up-to-date assessment of the relative risks associated with type 2 diabetes of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged people in the U.K. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using data from the General Practice Research Database, from 2004 to 2010, we conducted a cohort study of 87,098 people, 40–65 years of age at baseline, comparing 21,798 with type 2 diabetes and 65,300 without diabetes, matched on age, sex, and general practice. We produced hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality and compared rates of blood pressure testing, cholesterol monitoring, and use of aspirin, statins, and antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS People with type 2 diabetes, compared with people without diabetes, had a twofold increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 2.07 [95% CI 1.95–2.20], adjusted for smoking) and a threefold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (3.25 [2.87–3.68], adjusted for smoking). Women had a higher relative risk than men, and people &amp;lt;55 years of age had a higher relative risk than those &amp;gt;55 years of age. Monitoring and medication rates were higher in those with diabetes (all P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Despite efforts to manage risk factors, administer effective treatments, and develop new therapies, middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes remain at significantly increased risk of death.
Building Comparative Efficacy and Tolerability Into the FDA Approval Process
Authors: Alec B O'Connor
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The contribution of molecular markers to the prediction of response in the treatment of breast cancer: A review of the literature on HER-2, p53 and BCL-2
Authors: A. Hamilton, M. Piccart
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)

The selection of therapies for breast cancer is today based on prognostic features (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), hormone receptor status (hormonal therapy) and HER-2 status (trastuzumab therapy). HER-2, p53 and BCL-2 are tumour-related proteins that have the potential to further improve individualisation of patient management, by predicting response to chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and radiotherapy.This paper reviews the rationale for the use of these proteins as predictive factors, as well as the published literature addressing the use of each one to predict response to hormonal therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.HER-2, p53 and BCL-2 remain inadequately assessed as predictive factors in breast cancer. HER-2 evaluation is required for the selection of patients for trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapy, as trials of this therapy have been limited to HER-2 overexpressors. HER-2 overexpression may be predictive of resistance to hormonal therapy. Anthracyclines are effective therapy for breast cancer regardless of HER-2 status, but patients whose tumours overexpress HER-2 appear to receive the greatest relative benefit from this therapy. Studies of HER-2 as a predictor of response to CMF and to radiotherapy are inconclusive at this time. No data yet exist to support the use of p53 or BCL-2 as predictive factors in the therapy of breast cancer.At this point in time, there is inadequate evidence to support the use of HER-2, p53 or BCL-2 to guide the selection of hormonal therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy for breast cancer.
Resistance of Viruses to Antiviral Drugs
Authors: A. G. Freifeld, J. M. Ostrove
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1991)

In recent years, substantial advances in antiviral therapy have been made; however, in the immunocompromised host, antiviral drug resistance is becoming an issue of increasing clinical importance. Understanding the mechanism of action of antiviral agents, especially those used to treat herpesvirus infections, may enable us to design new therapeutic agents and better treatment regimens to deal with antiviral drug resistance.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Advanced Breast Cancer: Results of Ganglion Sentinelle et Chimiothérapie Neoadjuvante, a French Prospective Multicentric Study
Authors: Jean-Marc Classe, Virginie Bordes, Loic Campion, Herve Mignotte, François Dravet, Jean Leveque, Christine Sagan, Pierre François Dupre, Gilles Body, Sylvia Giard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To determine the detection rate, the false-negative rate, and the accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for advanced breast cancer.A prospective multicentric study was initiated to evaluate the results of SLN biopsy with the combined method after NAC for advanced large operable breast cancer.From September 2003 to March 2007, 195 patients enrolled from 12 institutions were found suitable for evaluation. The detection rate was 90% (176 of 195 patients), and the false-negative rate was 11.5% (six of 52 patients). Patients without axillary palpable nodes (N0) before NAC had a better detection rate compared with patients with axillary suspicious nodes (N1, 94.6% v 81.5%; P = .008). The false-negative rate was not correlated with clinical nodal status before NAC (9.4% v 15%; P = .66).This study confirms the feasibility of SLN biopsy after NAC in the case of large operable breast cancer. The detection rate, false-negative rate, and accuracy do not differ from those obtained in the case of early breast cancer without NAC, thus demonstrating the feasibility of SLN biopsy after NAC.
The Growth and Impact of Alzheimer Disease Centers as Measured by Social Network Analysis
Authors: Michael E. Hughes, John Peeler, John B. Hogenesch, John Q. Trojanowski
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

lzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the leading cause of dementia in people aged 65 years or older.At present, there is no cure and there are no survivors; all AD cases end in death.More than 5 million Americans have AD, and it recently passed diabetes mellitus to become the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. 1 Worldwide, more than 35 million people live with AD and related dementias, ultimately resulting in costs exceeding $600 billion. 2 To put this number in perspective, approximately 1% of the world's gross domestic product is used to care for patients with AD and related forms of dementia. 2s troubling as these numbers are, future trends are even more alarming.The leading edge of the baby boomer generation has begun to reach retirement age, reflecting a dramatic aging of the US population as a whole.By 2050, nearly 90 million Americans are expected to be 65 years or older, and because the risk of developing AD doubles every 5 years beyond age 65, 1 these demographic trends will result in a significant increase in the prevalence of AD.Indeed, the cost of AD now rivals that of cancer and heart disease, but the growing epidemic of AD means that these costs will race ahead of the costs of other diseases in the coming years. 3Thus, by 2050, we predict that 16 million Americans will have AD, resulting in $1 trillion per year in expenses to Medicare and Medicaid alone. 1 This outcome will be catastrophic to patients and their families as well as to public health spending and policy.Moreover, US trends are mirrored in both the industrialized and developing world, meaning that the current epidemic of AD is global and will extend far into the future.Consequently, there is enormous interest in research aiming to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and management of AD.In the United States,
Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Medicare Population
Authors: I S Udvarhelyi, C Gatsonis, A M Epstein, C L Pashos, J P Newhouse, B J McNeil
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To describe the process of care and clinical outcomes associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Medicare population, and to examine differences in process of care and outcome of care as a function of patient age, gender, and race.Retrospective cohort study using a longitudinal database created from Medicare utilization and administrative files. PATIENT POPULATIONS: A cohort of AMI patients covered by Medicare in 1987 and a random sample of Medicare patients without AMI. MAIN PROCESS AND OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: (1) The use of coronary angiography, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty during the first 90 days after a new AMI; (2) mortality at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years; (3) reinfarction rates; and (4) reoperation rates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.Mortality rates were high: 26% at 30 days, 40% at 1 year, and 47% at 2 years. They varied greatly by age, less so by gender and race, and were high even among patients who survived the first 30 days. Compared with mortality, reinfarction was uncommon, occurring in 7.3% of patients. During the first 90 days, 23% of all patients underwent angiography and 13% underwent coronary revascularization (coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 8%; percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, 5%). The use of all three procedures decreased with age and was less common among women and blacks than among men and whites. Differential use by age and race was greater for angiography than for revascularization procedures.The prognosis following AMI in patients aged 65 years and above is much worse than is commonly realized. Procedure use in these patients varies as a function of gender and race, even though mortality does not. Further research is needed to reduce the mortality of elderly patients with AMI and to understand the significance of differences in procedure use on the basis of sociodemographic characteristics.
Optical Coherence Tomography: Real-time Imaging of Bronchial Airways Microstructure and Detection of Inflammatory/Neoplastic Morphologic Changes
Authors: Suzanne C. Whiteman, Ying Yang, Daniel Gey van Pittius, Mark Stephens, Jitendra Parmer, Monica A. Spiteri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Current diagnostic imaging modalities for human bronchial airways do not possess sufficient resolution and tissue penetration depth to detect early morphologic changes and to differentiate in real-time neoplastic pathology from nonspecific aberrations. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) possesses the requisite high spatial resolution for reproducible delineation of endobronchial wall profiling. Experimental Design: To establish whether OCT could differentiate between the composite microstructural layers of the human airways and simultaneously determine in situ morphologic changes, using a bench-top OCT system, we obtained cross-sectional images of bronchi from 15 patients undergoing lung resections for cancer. All scanned sections underwent subsequent detailed histologic analysis, allowing direct comparisons to be made. Results: OCT imaging enables characterization of the multilayered microstructural anatomy of the airways, with a maximum penetration depth up to 2 to 3 mm and 10-μm spatial resolution. The epithelium, subepithelial components, and cartilage are individually defined. The acquired OCT images closely match histologically defined patterns in terms of structural profiles. Furthermore, OCT identifies in situ morphologic changes associated with inflammatory infiltrates, squamous metaplasia, and tumor presence. Conclusions: Our results confirm that OCT is a highly feasible optical tool for real-time near-histologic imaging of endobronchial pathology, with potential for lung cancer surveillance applications in diagnosis and treatment.
Beriberi heart disease in London
Authors: E. Byrne-Quinn, Ch. Fessas
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Haemodynamic measurements before and after treatment are described in two patients with beriberi heart disease. The first patient had severe disease with a cardiac output of 17·3 litres per minute, which had returned to normal a month later. The second patient had moderate disease with a cardiac output of 7·4 litres per minute; a fall in this and a rise in systemic vascular resistance was found one and two hours after the intravenous injection of aneurine hydrochloride. The plasma pyruvate concentration was raised in the first patient but only slightly so in the second, in whom the pyruvate metabolism test was abnormal. The haemodynamic studies in both cases were of considerable help in making the diagnosis. The diagnosis of beriberi should be considered in any patient with heart disease who has a history of alcoholism, especially as prompt vitamin treatment is curative.