tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Controlled Trial Comparing Foscarnet with Vidarabine for Acyclovir-Resistant Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: S Safrin, C Crumpacker, P Chatis, R Davis, R Hafner, J Rush, H A Kessler, B Landry, J Mills
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Most strains of herpes simplex virus that are resistant to acyclovir are susceptible in vitro to both foscarnet and vidarabine. We conducted a randomized trial to compare foscarnet with vidarabine in 14 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and mucocutaneous herpetic lesions that had been unresponsive to intravenous therapy with acyclovir for a minimum of 10 days. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either foscarnet (40 mg per kilogram of body weight intravenously every 8 hours) or vidarabine (15 mg per kilogram per day intravenously) for 10 to 42 days. In the isolates of herpes simplex virus we documented in vitro resistance to acyclovir and susceptibility to foscarnet and vidarabine.
pH Effect on Erythropoietin Response to Hypoxia
Authors: Marilyn E. Miller, Michael Rørth, H. H. Parving, Donald Howard, Irene Reddington, C. R. Valeri, Frederick Stohlman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Six normal volunteers were exposed to a simulated altitude of 4500 meters, and changes in urine and serum erythropoietin levels were related to the changes in acid-base status. During the initial six hours of exposure the volunteers had respiratory alkalosis, which produced a definite increase in red-cell oxygen affinity. These conditions were associated with an increase in urinary and serum erythropoietin. The continued alkalosis and hypocapnia gradually raised red-cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations and lowered red-cell oxygen affinity. These changes are thought to lead to the decreased erythropoietin concentration seen after continued exposure. Treatment of the same volunteers with acetazolamide prevented the initial respiratory alkalosis and reduced erythropoietin response. These findings demonstrate that erythropoietin concentrations in urine and serum were influenced by the acid-base status of the volunteers.
Tranexamic Acid Therapy in Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema
Authors: Albert L. Sheffer, K. Frank Austen, Fred S. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

HEREDITARY angioneurotic edema results from an inborn error in the biosynthesis of a serum alpha-2 globulin that inhibits the enzymatic activity of the first component of complement and is thus designated the C1 inhibitor (C1̄ INH).1 As a consequence of this defect, there is unopposed action of the first component of complement (C1) in the plasma of affected patients and consequent consumption of the second and fourth components of complement (C4 and C2).2 , 3 It appears that the episodic activation of C1 is pathogenetically related to attacks of angioedema. Thus, a potential strategy for the suppression of attacks of angioedema might . . .
FRI0497 Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction is present in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with normal conventional echocardiographic assessment: a speckle tracking and real time three dimensional echocardiographic study
Authors: F. Alibaz-Oner, S. Yurdakul, T. Sahin, H. Direskeneli, S. Aytekin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with high cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to evaluate subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in patients with SLE, without any cardiovascular disease and with normal LV ejection fraction (EF), by using a strain imaging method, "speckle tracking echocardiography" (STE). We also performed a real time three dimensional (3 D) echocardiography in order to demonstrate LV volumetric analysis. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied 32 patients with SLE and 20 age and sex-matched controls, without any cardiac disease and with preserved LV EF. Conventional echocardiography, real time 3 D echocardiography and STE- based strain imaging were performed to analyze subclinical LV systolic function <h3>Results</h3> Conventional echocardiographic measurements (LV end diastolic diameter, LV end systolic diameter and LV EF) were similar between the groups. Additionally, LV end-diastolic volume (LV EDV) (100±16.98 ml vs 105±20.06 ml, p=0.37) and end-systolic volume (LV ESV) (37.13±8.10 ml vs 37.47±5.43 ml, p=0.83) measurements by 3 D echocardiography were similar between the patients and the healthy controls. However, LV longitudinal peak systolic strain (13.42±1.93 % vs 17.60±2.18 %, p=0.0001) and strain rate (0.85±0.28 1/s vs 1.35±0.29 1/s, p=0.0001) were significantly impaired in patients with SLE, compared to controls, demonstrating subclinical ventricular systolic dysfunction. There was no correlation between acute phase response, SLEDAI and echocardiographic parameters. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Real time 3D echocardiography is a new promising modality allowing for accurate measurement of LV volumetric analysis. Strain imaging-based novel echocardiographic techniques may provide additional data for detecting early deterioration of ventricular systolic function in patients with SLE. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Focal Thoracic Uptake Mimicking Lung Metastasis on 131I Post-Therapy Whole-Body Scan in Patients With Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Changping Jia, Renee Moadel, Leonard M. Freeman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Whole-body 131I scan after total thyroidectomy is important in the evaluation of radioiodine avid metastatic foci in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. False-positive uptakes are occasionally seen in the thoracic region which should be evaluated carefully and not mistaken as lung metastases. We report here 2 cases of abnormal focal thoracic uptake, 1 case of a pleuropericardial cyst and 1 case of focal bronchiectasis, that could potentially be confused with lung metastasis. Careful correlation with diagnostic CT and subsequent follow-up studies suggested that these were not metastatic lesions.
Overall survival (OS) in contemporary randomized clinical trials (RCT) in advanced breast cancer (ABC)
Authors: A. Katz, E. D. Saad, M. E. Buyse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

1002 Background: OS has been considered an elusive endpoint, while progression-free survival (PFS), time to tumor progression (TTP), and time to treatment failure (TTF) have been used frequently and often interchangeably as primary endpoints (PE) in ABC (Saad, Ann Oncol 2009). Methods: We searched PubMed using the medical subject headings “breast neoplasms” and “drug therapy,” limiting the search to phase III trials on systemic antineoplastic therapies published between 1/2000 and 12/2007 in 8 leading medical journals (Ann Oncol, BCRT, BJC, Cancer, EJC, JCO, Lancet Oncol, and NEJM). PE was the one stated explicitly, used for N calculation, or listed first. Significant PE (SigPE) was considered as P &lt;0.05 for superiority trials (N=47), or proven non-inferiority/equivalence otherwise. Results: We retrieved 58 RTCs, with a median sample size of 329 evaluable patients. The table shows the breakdown of these trials by size and PE, and the number of trials that reached statistical significance on their PE and on OS. Overall, a statistically significant gain in OS was reported in 11 of 58 RCTs (19%). In 30 RCTs with gain in PE, 26 favored the experimental arm. Conclusions: While publication and journal selection biases may not be excluded, our review suggests that gain in OS, although seldom a primary study objective, is not infrequent in contemporary RCTs in ABC. However, the majority of RCTs are underpowered for OS, which remains a secondary or exploratory endpoint in most cases. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Comparaison prospective randomisée des aiguilles à ponction sous échoendoscopie 22 gauge (G) Procore® et Echotip® dans le diagnostic des tumeurs solides pancréatiques: étude «PICORE»
Authors: G Vanbiervliet, B Napoléon, MC Saint Paul, M Wangermez, M Fabre, P Bichard, C Subtil, S Koch, P Grandval, R Gincul, D Karsenty, L Heyries, JC Duchmann, JF Bourgaux, M Lévy, G Calament, B Pujol, C Lefort, L Poincloux, M Pagenault, C Sakarovitch, M Barthet
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

La ponction sous écho endoscopie est recommandée pour l'obtention du diagnostic histologique des tumeurs solides pancréatiques. Le but de l'étude était de comparer la précision diagnostique histologique des biopsies sous écho endoscopie entre les aiguilles de calibre 22G Procore™ (P.) et EchoTip® (ET) pour des tumeurs solides pancréatiques.
Abstract SY17-01: Intratumor diversity in breast cancer
Authors: Kornelia Polyak
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tumor heterogeneity is a major challenge toward understanding and clinical management of cancers. Intratumor diversity for hereditary traits is the diver of tumor evolution including disease progression and therapeutic resistance. We have been investigating intratumor genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity during breast tumor progression and treatment. We found high degree of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity within and between distant metastases of the same patient. The degree of intratumor heterogeneity was influenced by treatment and it was associated with clinical characteristics. We also characterized the dependency of distinct cell populations in human breast tumors on specific genes and signaling pathways by performing a large-scale loss-of-function screen. Using this approach, we identified genes required for cell growth or proliferation in specific subsets of breast cancer cells. Our results highlight the differences between distinct breast cancer cell types and identify cell type-specific targets that may lead to more effective breast cancer therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY17-01. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY17-01
Abstract 2704: Efficacy and candidate biomarker evaluation for the anti-MN immunoconjugate BAY 79-4620, MN-IC in MN (CAIX) positive preclinical xenograft models
Authors: Christoph A. Schatz, Carol E. Peña, Heike Petrul, Lars Röse, Charlotte Kopitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BAY 79-4620 is a novel immunoconjugate consisting of a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against MN (carbonic anhydrase IX, CAIX) conjugated with the auristatin derivative MMAE currently in Phase I clinical testing. MN is overexpressed in a range of tumor types, such as gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer or colorectal cancer. CAIX expression is regulated by HIF-1α and therefore associated with tumor hypoxia. Here we report on the correlation of tumor CAIX antigen expression levels, as determined by a newly developed CAIX IHC staining protocol, and the efficacy of BAY 79-4620 in six preclinical tumor models. Further, CAIX levels in xenograft tumors were compared to those in clinical samples of human tumors. Efficacy of BAY 79-4620 in tumor models increased with their CAIX expression levels. HeLa-MaTu, HT29 and PC3mm2 models characterized by the highest expression of CAIX showed 56-92 % tumor growth inhibition, when treated with 1 mg/kg BAY 79-4620. Hs746T, the tumor model with the lowest CAIX level, did not show tumor growth inhibition at 1 mg/kg MN-IC, but responded to higher doses. Analysis of CAIX expression by IHC using human tumor samples (gastric, CRC, NSCLC and breast) demonstrated that tumor cell CAIX expression varied both within and between tumor types. IHC scoring revealed that 95% of colon cancer tumors, 55% of NSCLC tumors, and 35% of breast cancer tumors assayed had ≥10% of cells scoring 2+ or 3+ by IHC. In preclinical models analysis of serum CAIX extracellular domain (ECD) by ELISA revealed an initial rise in plasma CAIX ECD as early as 2 days after 30 mg/kg BAY 79-4620 followed by a decrease to below-baseline levels. In two out of three models tested, changes or increased levels of the apoptosis marker CK18 were observed following BAY 79-4620 administration. Changes in serum CAIX ECD levels as well as CK18 will be explored as an early pharmacodynamic (PD) response markers in clinical trials for BAY 79-4620. In summary, these results demonstrate that targeted delivery of MMAE resulted in higher efficacy of BAY 79-4620 in tumor models with high CAIX expression. Responsive xenograft models were representative of clinical samples with respect to CAIX expression scored by IHC. Quantification of MN (CAIX) by IHC is a candidate stratification biomarker for the immunoconjugate BAY 79-4620 currently in Phase I testing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2704.
Abstract 4408: Molecular mechanisms underlying cancer pain: Application of cellular models
Authors: Ying He, Ellie Jhun, Zaijie Jim Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pain is a major complaint in cancer patients. Little is known about the mechanisms leading to or maintaining cancer pain. This study is aimed to develop novel cellular models to study cancer pain. Isolated primary afferent sensory neurons were employed as a model system in order to produce cancer pain microenvironment in the presence of chemotherapeutic agents and cancer cells. Ca2+ imaging in sensory neurons showed increased [Ca2+]i within cancer pain microenvironment, suggesting a direct activation of sensory neurons. As a critical step in the initiation and transmission of pain cascades, release of pain neurotransmitters such as substance P and calcitonin-gene related peptide from primary afferent sensory neurons was studied and found to be significantly enhanced. As a result of sensory neuron activation, intracellular signaling transduction involving several major protein kinases was activated. For example, sub-apoptotic concentrations of paclitaxel (≤ 10 nM) potently elicit [Ca2+]i spikes, leading to PKA and PKC activation, and substance P release from primary afferent neurons. Moreover, AKAP150 was identified as a molecular mechanism synchronizing and transducing the activation of PKA to PKC. Our results reveal the presence of a specific cellular signaling pathway involving Ca2+/PKA/AKAP150/PKC(ε, βII, &amp; Δ), independent of apoptosis, mediating pain neurotransmitter release and, ultimately, neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel. Developing cellular models of cancer pain and identifying biomarkers/pathways may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer pain. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4408. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4408
OP0191-PC Prevalence of inflammatory back pain in a UK primary care population:
Authors: D.J. Murphy, S. Kyle, R. Manhas, R.F. Mascarenhas, K.R. Mackay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> It is accepted that seronegative spondyloarthritides such as Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) are frequently misdiagnosed or diagnosed late in the disease course; early diagnosis and subsequent treatment improves patient symptoms and reduces the likelihood of permanent functional impairment. The presence of inflammatory back pain (IBP) is a key diagnostic symptom, yet few non-specialist doctors are confident in identifying it <sup>1</sup>. To aid diagnosis well validated criteria exist to guide non-expert clinicians and help flag patients potentially suffering with IBP <sup>2</sup>. Little is known about the true frequency of IBP in the primary care population, with the only study estimating the prevalence at 15% <sup>3</sup>. Prevalence of AS is estimated at 0.2-1.2% <sup>4</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the prevalence of inflammatory back pain in a UK General Practice population. <h3>Methods</h3> For a six month period in 2011 all patients aged between 18 and 40 years presenting to their General Practitioner for the first time with back pain in two UK medical practices were screened using the ASAS inflammatory back pain criteria. The two practices involved serve a population of 26500 patients. Those answering positively to 4 or more of the questions were defined as suffering IBP and referred to a local rheumatology service for further investigation. <h3>Results</h3> During the six month study period 55 patients presented to their GP with their first episode of back pain. All were white Caucasian. Six patients (11%) were defined as suffering inflammatory back pain as per ASAS criteria; 5 were male (83%) and 1 female (17%). 50% of these patients were subsequently diagnosed with a seronegative spondyloarthritis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In our study population the prevalence of inflammatory back pain was 11%; 50% of these patients were diagnosed with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Our study involved a small sample size; further work is required to more confidently estimate the prevalence of inflammatory back pain in patients presenting to their General Practitioner. <h3>References</h3> NE Foster. Barriers and progress in the treatment of low back pain. BMC Medicine 2011; 9: 108. Sieper J, Van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Burgos-Vagas R, Collantes-Esteves E. New criteria for inflammatory back pain in patients with chronic back pain. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 784-788. Underwood MR, Dawes P. Inflammatory Back Pain in Primary Care Rheumatology 1995; 34: 1074-77. Sieper J, Rudwaleit M, Khan MA, Braun J. Concepts and Epidemiology of Spondyloarthropathy Best Practice &amp; Res Clin Rheumatol 2006; 20: 401-417 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANS-CATHETER OR SURGICAL AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Asim Rafique, Hasan Jilaihawi, Tarun Chakravarty, Niraj Doctor, Wen Cheng, Mohammad Kashif, Raj Makkar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Underestimating treatment benefit of lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: P. Riddell, D. Eaton, A. B. Miller, A. U. Wells, J. J. Egan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Dempsey and Miller drew attention to the inadequacy of medical treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and the optimism provided by the emergence of pirfenidone.1However, only a cursory note was given to lung transplantation, which seems to have been dismissed by the authors, who describe patients as “too frail or old” with “serious …
Case 26-1990
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, C.S. Kase, D.N. Louis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Presentation of CaseA 68-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of progressive abulia and a worsening right hemiparesis.The patient was well until six weeks earlier, when he was noted to be mentally slow, with a shuffling gait and dysarthria; on two occasions he appeared to be intoxicated. Thirty-six days before entry he was observed to eat in a sloppy fashion and to be unaware of the presence of food in his mouth. One day later he attended the funeral of his brother and struck the right side of his head on passing through a doorway. Soon thereafter . . .
Evaluation of Adrenocortical Carcinoma in an Infant Using Ga-67 Scintigraphy
Authors: L De Vries, Z Bar-Sever, N Ziv, M Schwarz, R Hardoff
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

An infant with adrenocortical carcinoma revealed by Ga-67 scintigraphy is described. Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare neoplasm, with an annual prevalence of two new cases per million population. An English literature search revealed only a few cases detected by Ga-67, with only one child described. Most children with adrenocortical carcinoma have functional tumors, so clinical presentation consists of virilizing signs in girls and pseudo-precocious puberty in boys, Cushing syndrome, accelerated growth, advanced bone age, and hypertension. Diagnosis is established by different imaging methods, combined with elevated serum adrenal steroid levels. Complete surgical resection is the preferred treatment.
Tc-99m Stannous Colloid-Labeled Leukocyte Scintigraphic Localization of an Ileoperineal Fistula Complicating Crohn's Disease
Authors: GEOFFREY R. STOREY, KEVIN C. ALLMAN, MICHAEL MAGEE, HANS VAN DER WALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 40-year-old man with a 14-year history of unremitting Crohn's disease was seen for lower limb cellulitis and a discharging perineal fistula. Proctocolectomy and multiple small bowel resections had been performed previously. The remnant small bowel drained through an enterocutaneous fistula to the right abdominal wall and through an end-ileostomy located in the left abdominal wall. A Tc-99m stannous colloid-labeled leukocyte study was performed to assess the extent of disease activity. This demonstrated leukocyte accumulation in both stomal collection bags in addition to focal accumulation in the right iliac fossa with inferior extension in a linear pattern consistent with a fistulous tract into the pelvis. An ileostogram confirmed a large fistula extending from the ileum into the presacral region. No mucosal ulceration was demonstrated. Ileoscopy subsequently showed ulceration of the small bowel between the ileostomy and the abdominal wall fistula. Histology confirmed inflammatory changes with crypt abscess formation, consistent with active Crohn's disease.
Abstract P5-11-08: Effects of Exemestane or Tamoxifen on Bone Health within the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) Trial: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: P Hadji, L Asmar, J van Nes, T Menschik, A Hasenburg, J Kuck, H Nortier, S Jones, C van der Velde, M. Ziller
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: TEAM is the largest AI phase III trial comparing exemestane with tamoxifen followed by exemestane as adjuvant breast cancer therapy in postmenopausal women. We performed a meta-analysis of three randomized sub-studies of the TEAM trial conducted in Germany, the Netherlands/Belgium and the United States to determine the effects on bone health. Methods: Patients were randomised to exemestane or tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 months’ treatment. Bone turnover markers were also measured. Results: 412 patients were evaluable. Patients in the tamoxifen group showed a mean increase in lumbar spine BMD of 1.2% from baseline to month 12 and 0.2% to month 24. Patients in the exemestane group showed a mean decrease from baseline of 2.6% after 12 months and 3.5% after 24 months. There were significant differences in the changes in BMD at the lumbar spine between treatment groups (P&amp;lt;0.0001 at both timepoints). In the tamoxifen group, a mean increase in total hip BMD of 0.8% from baseline to month 12 and a mean decrease from baseline of 0.4% after 24 months was observed, compared with a mean decrease of 1.3% after 12 months and 3.3% after 24 months in the exemestane group. Changes in BMD from baseline at the total hip were also significantly different between exemestane and tamoxifen (P&amp;lt;0.05 at both timepoints). Bone turnover markers decreased from baseline with tamoxifen and increased with exemestane. Conclusions: After 24 months, exemestane treatment resulted in decreases in BMD and increases in bone turnover markers. In contrast, BMD was increased and bone turnover markers were decreased with tamoxifen. BMD and bone turnover changes appeared to stabilise after initial treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-08.