tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erythroid response (ER) rates in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients treated with epoetin alfa (EPO): A meta-analysis using the International Working Group criteria (IWGc) for MDS response
Authors: V. Moyo, P. Lefebvre, M. S. Duh, A. Bourezak, B. Yektashenas, R. C. Woodman, S. Mundle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

6572 Background: Refractory anemia is a clinical hallmark of MDS. The most consistently used therapy for this anemia is EPO. Prior to the introduction of IWGc in 1997, ER rates varied substantially between studies. The present meta-analysis was undertaken to compare ER rates in studies of EPO-treated patients in MDS when defined by either IWGc or non-IWGc. Methods: A systematic review and data extraction of studies published from 1990–2005 in MDS patients treated with EPO was performed and yielded 21 studies evaluating a total of 895 patients. Pooled estimates of ER rates, stratified by IWGc, were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis methods, which incorporated both between- and within-study variations. Univariate meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify study characteristics that were significant determinants of ER rate. Results: Ten studies (604 patients) used the IWGc to define ER (overall, major, minor), while 11 studies (291 patients) used other definitions. Mean age for all patients was 70.6 years; 45% women. Mean baseline (BL) serum erythropoietin level and proportion of patients with refractory anemia or refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts were comparable between studies; however, the proportion of transfusion-dependent patients at BL was lower in the IWG studies vs the non-IWG studies (36% vs. 84%, respectively, p&lt;.001). The pooled estimate of ER rate was significantly higher for the IWG studies compared to the non-IWG studies (50.5%, 95% CI: 38.6%-62.3% vs. 27.8%, 95% CI: 22.7%-32.8% respectively, p=.002). Among patients in the IWG studies who achieved an ER, 62% (188/305) achieved a major ER. Studies reporting mean BL serum erythropoietin level &lt;400mU/mL, &lt;65% of patients transfusion-dependent at BL and use of subcutaneous EPO were found to be associated with higher ER rates. Conclusions: This meta-analysis of MDS patients treated with EPO demonstrates significantly higher ER rates in studies utilizing IWGc. These findings may be due to more refined definitions of ER and MDS diagnostic criteria as well as improvement in the management of anemia. [Table: see text]
Nocturnal blood pressure in treated hypertensive African Americans Compared to treated hypertensive European Americans.
Authors: L A Hebert, G Agarwal, S E Ladson-Wofford, M Reif, L Hiremath, S G Carlton, N S Nahman, M E Falkenhain, A Agarwal
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Previous studies have shown that African Americans (blacks) tend to have higher nocturnal blood pressure than European Americans (whites). The study presented here was undertaken to determine whether treatment of hypertension influences nocturnal blood pressure differently in blacks than in whites. To answer this question, this study measured nocturnal blood pressure by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in treated hypertensive blacks and whites whose daytime blood pressures were comparable. Inclusion criteria for this study were: diagnosis of essential hypertension, absence of renal failure, and documentation of antihypertensive therapy, diabetic status, proteinuria status, and body weight. All of the black patients in our programs who underwent ABPM and met the above criteria were included in this study. White patients were included on the basis of having the same inclusion criteria as blacks and showing, by ABPM, daytime mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the same range as that of the blacks selected for this study. The results of nocturnal blood pressure were unknown to the investigators when the patients were selected for this study. In the blacks (N = 62) and whites (N = 72) selected for study, the mean daytime (0600 to 2200 h) MAP was 107 +/- 1 SE mm Hg for both the black and white cohorts. To assess nocturnal blood pressure, the period from 0100 to 0500 h was chosen because it likely encompassed an interval of sleep, which is associated with the nadir of nocturnal blood pressure. This interval was termed 0100 to 0500 h, "middle night." Mean middle night MAP was 97 +/- 12 mm Hg in blacks versus 90 +/- 14 mm Hg in whites (P < 0.006, unpaired t test). The greater middle night MAP in blacks compared with whites was a result of the higher diastolic pressure in blacks (80 +/- 11 mm Hg) versus whites (75 +/- 11 mm Hg) (P = 0.003). Mean middle night systolic blood pressure was numerically higher in blacks than whites (131 +/- 18 mm Hg versus 128 +/- 17 mm Hg), but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. The higher middle night blood pressure in blacks versus whites could not be explained by differences between the groups in daytime MAP, age, gender, body weight, serum creatinine level, proteinuria, diabetic status, or greater use of short-acting antihypertensive agents in blacks versus whites. It was concluded that when treated hypertensive blacks and whites are matched for the same daytime blood pressure, blacks tend to have significantly higher nocturnal blood pressure than whites. The magnitude of this difference suggests that it could contribute importantly to the greater target-organ damage that is seen in hypertensive blacks compared with hypertensive whites.
Phase I study of concomitant chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel, fluorouracil, and hydroxyurea with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support for patients with poor-prognosis cancer of the head and neck.
Authors: B Brockstein, D J Haraf, K Stenson, A Fasanmade, R Stupp, B Glisson, S M Lippman, M J Ratain, L Sulzen, A Klepsch, R R Weichselbaum, E E Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE We have previously demonstrated high locoregional control rates in patients with poor-prognosis head and neck cancer using fluorouracil (5-FU), hydroxyurea (HU), and concomitant radiotherapy (RT) (FHX). In the trial reported here, we added paclitaxel to the FHX base and used hyperfractionated RT to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities, and response rate in a poor-prognosis group of patients. METHODS Fifty-five patients who had either failed to respond to prior RT (n = 25) or surgery, had a coexistent or prior second malignancy, or who had unresectable or metastatic disease and an expected 2-year survival rate less than 10%, were treated. Chemoradiotherapy consisted of 2 Gy on days 2 to 6 (once-daily RT cohorts) or 1.5 Gy twice a day (hyperfractionated cohorts). Simultaneous HU (500 or 1,000 mg twice per day for 11 doses) and infusional 5-FU (600-800 mg/m2/d for 5 days) were given along with infusional paclitaxel at escalating doses of 5 to 25 mg/m2/d for 5 days. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was administered on days 7 through 13 at 5 microg/kg/d. Cycles were repeated every 14 days until completion of RT. Plasma paclitaxel levels were determined on day 4 of cycle 1. RESULTS Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) consisted of myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatitis, and diarrhea. Plasma concentrations of paclitaxel greater than 10 nmol/L were achieved in 65% of patients at the recommended phase II dose (RPTD) level of paclitaxel. Seventy percent of assessable patients achieved a complete response (CR) to therapy. Twenty patients were treated at the RPTD of HU 500 mg orally twice daily for 11 doses, 5-FU 600 mg/m2/d by continuous infusion for 5 days; and paclitaxel 20 mg/m2/d by continuous infusion for 5 days, with twice-daily RT. CONCLUSION The addition of infusional paclitaxel and hyperfractionated RT to FHX is feasible. Radiosensitizing levels of paclitaxel are achieved in most patients. The high locoregional control rate of this regimen justifies further investigation in previously untreated patients.
Perioperative chemotherapy versus adjuvant hormonal therapy in breast cancer: claimed benefits.
Authors: A Y Rostom, A Ezzat, F Zwaan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.10.2885 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8874351 Perioperative chemotherapy versus adjuvant hormonal therapy in breast cancer: claimed benefits. A Y RostomxA Y RostomSearch for articles by this author , A EzzatxA EzzatSearch for articles by this author , F ZwaanxF ZwaanSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.10.2885 PDF "Perioperative chemotherapy versus adjuvant hormonal therapy in breast cancer: claimed benefits.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 14(10), pp. 2885–2886© 1996 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Abstract 276: A Genetic Algorithm Prognostic Tool Nested Within a 2500-Patient Registry of Post--Cardiac Arrest Care
Authors: Niklas Nielsen, David Seder, Hans Friberg, Michael Mooney, Sten Rubertsson, Pascal Stammet, Kjetil Sunde, Barbara Unger, Richard R Riker
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objectives: Predicting outcome after cardiac arrest (CA) is challenging. With data collected in the International Cardiac Arrest Registry (INTCAR), a novel prediction tool based on genetic algorithm (GA) was developed. Methods: 2,564 adult, resuscitated, comatose CA patients were included from 35 sites in Europe and USA. Primary outcome was hospital discharge Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) dichotomized into good (GO=CPC1-2) and poor outcomes (PO=CPC 3-5). The GA-based models were constructed using Experlytics® software including all 180 candidate variables from the registry. A decision tree displaying the relation of the information carrying variables was evolved and pruned to a final model and optimized towards accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) value. Results: Median age was 64 (IQR 54-73) years, 30% were female, the CA was witnessed in 84%, and initial rhythm was VF/VT in 55%, asystole in 23%, PEA in 17%. Time to ROSC was 19 (10-30) min. 37% had a GO at hospital discharge. 35% had coronary disease, 14% insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 8 % non-IDDM and 14% pulmonary disease. The final tree (figure 1) had an accuracy of 85%, a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 72%. The area under the ROC curve was 87% (CI 83-90). Conclusions: A novel tool based on GA predicted outcome comparable to previous models. The GA could visually display the important information carrying variables and their relation. This model requires external validation, but represents a promising tool to better predict outcome and define the relationship between important risk factors Figure 1. Relation of variables in a decision tree displaying good and poor outcome. ACD, automatic compression decompression, CPC, cerebral performance category, CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale, IDDM, Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, MRI , magnetic resonance imaging, ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation.
Importance of primary site in assessing chemotherapy response and 7-year survival data in advanced squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck treated with initial combination chemotherapy without cisplatin.
Authors: B T Hill, L A Price, K MacRae
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Two hundred eight patients with advanced head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas were treated between 1975 and 1982 with schedule A chemotherapy containing vincristine, bleomycin, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and hydrocortisone administered over 24 hours followed by a folinic acid rescue. Chemotherapy was administered as initial treatment on days 1 and 14 before "curative" local therapy. Toxicity was minimal and patient compliance was 100%. Chemotherapy response was assessed on day 28 in 200 patients: 132 (66%) had an objective response and 68 (34%) were judged to be nonresponders. The complete remission (CR) rate following local therapy was significantly greater in chemotherapy responders (78%) than nonresponders (49%) (P less than .001). Overall median survival figures were 32 months for all patients, 37 months for all chemotherapy responders, and 69 months for all patients achieving CR. Analysis by tumor site showed that oral cavity or nasopharyngeal tumors responded well to initial chemotherapy (P less than .05 and P less than .01) compared with all other sites. This high response rate was not necessarily associated with increased survival, since the median survival of chemotherapy responders for oral cavity lesions was only 22 months, although in nasopharyngeal tumors, median survival figures were 64 months. Furthermore, the longest median survival duration of 69 months was observed in patients with laryngeal tumors, although these had a lower response rate (61%) to initial chemotherapy. Therefore, response to initial chemotherapy is not automatically a favorable prognostic sign. Survival figures appear markedly influenced by tumor site.
Fasting plasma lipid measurements following cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with germ cell tumors.
Authors: P A Ellis, B M Fitzharris, P M George, B A Robinson, C H Atkinson, B M Colls
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE Elevated total serum cholesterol levels have been reported recently in a group of patients with metastatic testicular cancer after treatment with cisplatin combination chemotherapy. We have studied the lipid profile of a similar group of patients in an attempt to confirm this observation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fasting plasma lipid concentrations were measured in 47 patients with advanced germ cell tumors who were previously treated with a cisplatin combination chemotherapy. The values obtained for mean total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B concentrations were compared with those obtained from a control group of 59 patients with germ cell tumors who were not treated with chemotherapy and with data from the New Zealand male population. Median time from the completion of chemotherapy to lipid measurement in the treated group was 50 months (range, 2 to 138 months). The median total dose of cisplatin given was 720 mg (range, 300 to 1,625 mg). RESULTS Mean total plasma cholesterol concentrations in the cisplatin group (5.87 mol/L) and the control group (5.70 mmol/L) did not differ significantly (P &gt; .4). There was no significant difference for any of the variables between the chemotherapy and control groups and those of the New Zealand male population. There was a trend toward higher mean triglyceride concentrations in the chemotherapy group, but this did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS We have not demonstrated an elevation in total plasma cholesterol after cisplatin chemotherapy as has been reported by previous investigators. Our results suggest that in these patients, cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy is not associated with a significant adverse effect on plasma lipid profile.
A Reevaluation of B-Lymphocyte Levels in Peripheral Blood From Cancer Patients&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Gary W. Wood, James R. Neff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

B-lymphocytes were quantitated in mononuclear cell suspensions derived from the peripheral blood of patients with various nonlymphoreticular cancers. The method used was anti-IgM and anti-IgD membrane immunofluorescence. The mean percentage of circulating B-lymphocytes in 78 cancer patients tested was 5.3 +/- 4.6 with a range of 0--18%. Those values were compared with a mean of 9.4 +/- 4.0 and a range of 3--20% for 46 apparently normal individuals. The difference was highly significant (P less than or equal to 0.001). The mean percentage of B-cells in cell suspensions from 43 patients that were tested prior to treatment was 5.8 +/- 4.8 with a range of 0--18%. Very low values were observed both in the presence and absence of therapy, and a correlation with stage of disease could not be established. The low values were associated with decreased T-cell numbers and significantly increased monocyte levels. The fact that those values were significantly lower than have been reported previously for cancer patients was discussed as was the identity of the cells that previously had been counted as B-lymphocytes.
Simplified Radioimmunoassay for Viral Antigens: Use of Staphylococcus aureus as an Adsorbent for Antigen—Antibody Complexes: Brief Communication 2
Authors: E. Premkumar Reddy, Sushilkumar G. Devare, Ratna Vasudev, Padman S. Sarma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

In a rapid method for the radioimmunoassay (RIA) of viral antigens, Staphylococcus aureus was used as the adsorbent for antigen-antibody complexes (“protein A” molecules on the cell walls of certain strains of staphylococci have a strong affinity toward lgG molecules). The results showed that this method could be used instead of the double-antibody technique, with the same or probably higher sensitivity in precipitation as well as competition RIA's.
Aspects of the placenta status in women with asthma
Authors: Yulia R. Dymarskaya, Olga V. Lavrova, Ludmila B. Zubzhitskaya, Elena A. Shapovalova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Bronchial asthma (BA) is the most common lung disease in pregnant women. Poor control of BA increases the likelihood of low birth weight, neurological disorders, asphyxia, congenital malformations. Placenta is a natural protective barrier for the unborn child and studying its status in patients with allergic diseases is particularly interesting.

The purpose of the study: to assess immunomorphology and immunohistochemistry of placenta in women with BA.

Materials and methods: we analyzed the pregnancy and delivery of 55 women: 27 with mild, 17 with moderate and 11 with severe BA. The control group consisted of 20 women with physiological pregnancy.

Biopsies of the central and peripheral parts of placenta were treated with special antibodies against cytokines IL4, IL6, fibrinogen, complement fractions C3 and monoclonal antibodies against IgA, IgM, IgG for immunomorphological analysis; and monoclonal antibodies to CD31, CD83 for immunohistochemistry.

Our results that in cases of mild to moderate BA immune deposits were detected in average 39,7% and 70%; IL4 – in 68,7% and 76.4%; IL6 – in 34% and 51.6% cases, respectively.

The largest number of pathogenic immune complex (PIC), fibrinogen, IgA and IgG fixed in the placenta were detected in cases of severe BA (100%). IL4, IL6 were detected in 92,4% and 50,1% patients with severe BA, respectively. Immunohistochemical study revealed high expression of CD31 (S=2,05) and CD83 (S=4,87) cells.

PIC was not detected in control group, Ig4, Ig6 were detected in individual observations without fixing complement fraction C3.

Conclusion. Placental insufficiency adversely affects the course of pregnancy, delivery, and status of the fetus and newborn and can be a possible predictor of BA symptoms in children.
A phase II study of weekly docetaxel combined with carboplatin for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: C. Son, K. Kim, K. Lee, D. Yang, S. Lee, P. Choi, S. Cho
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18174 Background: Combination chemotherapy has been shown to extend survival and improve symptoms for patients with advanced stage, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, chemotheraputic agents sometimes show significant toxicities that restrict their usefulness and not well tolerated in elderly and/or poor performance status patients. Docetaxel has shown efficacy with manageable toxicities when used alone or in combination with a platinum compound in a sequential manner before localized radical radiotherapy in advanced stage NSCLC. We performed this study to explore the efficacy and safety of weekly docetaxel plus carboplatin in patients with advanced NSCLC aged 60 years or older. Methods: From January 2005 to August 2006, 45 patients with advanced NSCLC patients aged 60 years or older were enrolled in the study. Patients received docetaxel 25mg/m 2 by IV infusion over 30–60 min and carboplatin, AUC = 2, infused IV over 15–30 min weekly. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred, at which time the patient was taken off treatment. Maximum doses were 18 and evaluated the patients received at least 9 doses. Results: Of 45 patients, 24 patients received at least 9 dose of study drug. 21 patients stopped the treatment before the completion of 9 cycles; 9 (42.9%) due to poor general condition, 7 (33.3%) due to disease progression, and 5 (23.8%) due to volitional withdrawal. Of the 24 patients who received more than 9 cycles, final results were complete response in 1 (4.2%) patient, partial response in 16 (66.7%) patients, stable disease in 1 (4.2%) patient, and progressive disease in 6 (25%) patients. The most common hematological grade 3/4 adverse event was neutropenia(25%). There was no treatment-related death. Conclusion: Weekly docetaxel at low doses plus carboplatin in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer provides acceptable response rate and toxicity. However, further study with large population will be needed to confirm its effectiveness and toxicity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Metastatic gastroesophageal cancer and long-term survival
Authors: D. G. Power, M. Jhawer, J. W. Feilchenfeldt, D. P. Kelsen, M. A. Shah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

4560 Background: Despite modest therapeutic improvements, resistance to systemic chemotherapy develops in most pts with advanced gastric/GEJ (GE) adenocarcinoma. Median OS rarely exceeds 10 mo. However, a subgroup of pts(5–10%) have substantial benefit from chemotherapy, living &gt;2 years. We describe clinicopathological characteristics of a large cohort of long term survivors(LTS) with metastatic GE adenocarcinoma. Methods: Our institutional database of pts with GE adenocarcinoma who received chemotherapy between 1999–2008 identified 103 pts with metastatic disease (M1) surviving &gt;2 years from M1. We evaluated clinicopathologic characteristics for correlation of LTS with chemotherapy. Results: From Jan 1999–2008, 1,140 pts with metastatic GE cancer received systemic therapy. Male:female 1.9:1 and median age 66 yrs(22–89). From the time of M1, 103 pts (9%) lived &gt;2 yrs. Of this cohort, median follow up is 51 mo and median OS from M1 is 33 mo (24–106 mo); 44 pts remain alive (43%), 9 pts ≥5 yrs. Demographics: M:F 1.8:1, median age 61 yrs (22–84). Tumors were located at GEJ/cardia (n=52), body/fundus (n=29), antrum/pylorus (n=22), and were mainly poorly differentiated (n=61). Laurens subtype was reported in 33 cases (17=diffuse, 15=intestinal). 77 pts presented with M1 and 26 developed recurrence after resection. Sites of M1 are: peritoneum(35), single visceral organ(19), M1 lymph nodes (24), &gt;1 site (25). 52 pts received 2–3 treatment regimens, range 1–7. Common regimens were docetaxel/fluoropyrimidine (26), cisplatin/irinotecan (21), and DCF (11); intraperitoneal chemotherapy (5). Surgery was performed in 28 pts, 26 gastrectomies (15 with occult peritoneal M1, 11 once peritoneal M1 cleared) and 2 metastatectomies; 7 pts received RT(6 to primary, 1 to M1 site). No distinct clinicopathologic correlates were identified as associated with prolonged survival with systemic chemotherapy. Conclusions: Although systemic chemotherapy has modestly improved survival in advanced GE cancers, long term control is possible. The lack of clinicopathologic correlates for LTS suggests that molecular/genomic characteristics may distinguish LTS and predict chemo-sensitivity. We are now exploring tumor and normal tissue from LTS versus matched controls (survival &lt;1 year) for molecular/genomic correlates for LTS No significant financial relationships to disclose.