tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Les concomitants psychologiques aux affections cardiovasculaires
Authors: Mertens de Wilmars
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The first of these studies sampled the symptoms observed by psychiatrists in an urban population (N = 283). The second gathered information obtained from the treating doctors of inhabitants of a rural area (N = 318). All subjects, in both inquiries, were randomly selected. We considered the former data as subjective and the latter as objective. Each of these two samples were subdivided in two parts: the first subsample grouped those subjects who complained of cardiovascular disorders and the second subsample clustered those subjects who complained from other somatic ailments, excluding cardiovascular troubles. This procedure provided us four independent samples: (1) Those who had subjective cardiovascular complaints; (2) those who had objective cardiovascular diseases; (3) those who had other subjective somatic complaints; (4) those who had other objective somatic diseases. In each of these four subgroups we computed the frequency of psychiatric symptoms, we intercorrelated all the symptoms and we factor analyzed them. Our major findings lead to the following tentative conclusions: Cardiovascular complaints are not linked with a special psychiatric symptom-pattern. This finding weakens the opinion of other researches in this field. Cardiovascular complaints seem to be concomitant with a weak defense mechanism against anxiety. Allergy seems to be more effective to overcome anxiety than other forms of somatisation. Cardiovascular disorders occur in a small amount of people who operate a narcissistic investment of their cardiovascular symptoms or who seek neurotic compensation in overfeeding.
Assessing the Value of Risk Predictions by Using Risk Stratification Tables
Authors: Holly Janes, Margaret S. Pepe, Wen Gu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

The recent epidemiologic and clinical literature is filled with studies evaluating statistical models for predicting disease or some other adverse event. Risk stratification tables are a new way to evaluate the benefit of adding a new risk marker to a risk prediction model that includes an established set of markers. This approach involves cross-tabulating risk predictions from models with and without the new marker. In this article, the authors use examples to show how risk stratification tables can be used to compare 3 important measures of model performance between the models with and those without the new marker: the extent to which the risks calculated from the models reflect the actual fraction of persons in the population with events (calibration); the proportions in which the population is stratified into clinically relevant risk categories (stratification capacity); and the extent to which participants with events are assigned to high-risk categories and those without events are assigned to low-risk categories (classification accuracy). They detail common misinterpretations and misuses of the risk stratification method and conclude that the information that can be extracted from risk stratification tables is an enormous improvement over commonly reported measures of risk prediction model performance (for example, c-statistics and HosmerLemeshow tests) because it describes the value of the models for guiding medical decisions.
Analysis of Host- and Tumor-Derived Proteinases Using a Custom Dual Species Microarray Reveals a Protective Role for Stromal Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Heath B. Acuff, Mark Sinnamon, Barbara Fingleton, Braden Boone, Shawn E. Levy, Xiwu Chen, Ambra Pozzi, David P. Carbone, Donald R. Schwartz, Kamiar Moin, Bonnie F. Sloane, Lynn M. Matrisian
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract We used a customized Affymetrix protease microarray (Hu/Mu ProtIn chip) designed to distinguish human and mouse genes to analyze the expression of proteases and protease inhibitors in lung cancer. Using an orthotopic lung cancer model, we showed that murine matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, MMP-13, and cathepsin K were up-regulated in tumor tissue compared with normal mouse lung. To determine the relevance of stromal proteases detected using this model system, we compared the results to an analysis of human lung adenocarcinoma specimens using the U133 Plus 2.0 Affymetrix microarray. MMP-12, MMP-13, and cathepsin K showed an increase in expression in human tumors compared with normal lung similar to that seen in the orthotopic model. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed MMP-12 expression in the stroma of human lung tumor samples. To determine the biological relevance of stromal MMP-12, murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells were injected into the tail vein of syngeneic wild-type (WT) and MMP-12-null mice. MMP-12-null and WT mice developed equivalent numbers of lung tumors; however, there was a 2-fold increase in the number of tumors that reached &amp;gt;2 mm in diameter in MMP-12-null mice compared with WT controls. The increase in tumor size correlated with an increase in CD31-positive blood vessels and a decrease in circulating levels of the K1-K4 species of angiostatin. These results show a protective role for stromal MMP-12 in lung tumor growth. The use of the Hu/Mu ProtIn chip allows us to distinguish tumor- and host-derived proteases and guides the further analysis of the significance of these genes in tumor progression. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 7968-75)
Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C in prisons and other closed settings: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sarah Larney, Hannah Kopinski, Curt G. Beckwith, Nickolas D. Zaller, Don Des Jarlais, Holly Hagan, Josiah D. Rich, Brenda J. van den Bergh, Louisa Degenhardt
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

People detained in prisons and other closed settings are at elevated risk of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim of determining the rate of incident HCV infection and the prevalence of anti-HCV among detainees in closed settings. We systematically searched databases of peer-reviewed literature and widely distributed a call for unpublished data. We calculated summary estimates of incidence and prevalence among general population detainees and detainees with a history of injection drug use (IDU), and explored heterogeneity through stratification and meta-regression. The summary prevalence estimates were used to estimate the number of anti-HCV positive prisoners globally. HCV incidence among general detainees was 1.4 per 100 person-years (py; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1, 2.7; k = 4), and 16.4 per 100 py (95% CI: 0.8, 32.1; k = 3) among detainees with a history of IDU. The summary prevalence estimate of anti-HCV in general detainees was 26% (95% CI: 23%, 29%; k = 93), and in detainees with a history of IDU, 64% (95% CI: 58%, 70%; k = 51). The regions of highest prevalence were Central Asia (38%; 95% CI 32%, 43%; k = 1) and Australasia (35%; 95% CI: 28%, 43%; k = 9). We estimate that 2.2 million (range: 1.4-2.9 million) detainees globally are anti-HCV positive, with the largest populations in North America (668,500; range: 553,500-784,000) and East and Southeast Asia (638,000; range: 332,000-970,000). Conclusion : HCV is a significant concern in detained populations, with one in four detainees anti-HCV-positive. Epidemiological data on the extent of HCV infection in detained populations is lacking in many countries. Greater attention towards prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HCV infection among detained populations is urgently required. (Hepatology 2013;58:1215–1224)
Lateral Facilitation between Primary Mechanosensory Neurons Controls Nose Touch Perception in C. elegans
Authors: Marios Chatzigeorgiou, William R. Schafer
Journal: Neuron (2011)

The nematode C. elegans senses head and nose touch using multiple classes of mechanoreceptor neurons that are electrically coupled through a network of gap junctions. Using in vivo neuroimaging, we have found that multidendritic nociceptors in the head respond to harsh touch throughout their receptive field but respond to gentle touch only at the tip of the nose. Whereas the harsh touch response depends solely on cell-autonomous mechanosensory channels, gentle nose touch responses require facilitation by additional nose touch mechanoreceptors, which couple electrically to the nociceptors in a hub-and-spoke gap junction network. Conversely, nociceptor activity indirectly facilitates activation of the nose touch neurons, demonstrating that information flow across the network is bidirectional. Thus, a simple gap-junction circuit acts as a coincidence detector that allows primary sensory neurons to integrate information from neighboring mechanoreceptors and generate somatosensory perception.
GLITAZONES AND THE ENDOTHELIUM (GATE) STUDY: EFFECT OF ROSIGLITAZONE ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Jaroslav Hubacek, Subodh Verma, S.J. Ross, A. Edwards, Lana Shewchuk, Todd J. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A Study of Delinquent Girls Who Participated in and Who Abstained from Participating in a Riot
Authors: HANUS J. GROSZ, HERBERT STERN, EDWARD FELDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Following a riot at an Indiana correctional institution for delinquent girls, the authors sought to determine whether the girls who took part in the riot differed in some demonstrable way from those who abstained from participating. The differences found between the two groups in life histories and personality variables led the investigators to conclude that the responses of the girls during the riot were extensions of long-standing behavior patterns rather than merely spontaneous displays evoked by recent environmental events or determined by attitudes produced within the institution.
Is Cytarabine Useful in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia? Results of a Randomized Trial From the European Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Group
Authors: Lionel Adès, Sylvie Chevret, Emmanuel Raffoux, Stephane de Botton, Agnes Guerci, Arnaud Pigneux, Anne Marie Stoppa, Thierry Lamy, Francoise Rigal-Huguet, Anne Vekhoff, Sandrine Meyer-Monard, Frederic Maloisel, Eric Deconinck, Augustin Ferrant, Xavier Thomas, Nathalie Fegueux, Christine Chomienne, Herve Dombret, Laurent Degos, Pierre Fenaux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Several phase II studies have suggested that cytarabine (AraC) was not required in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients receiving all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), an anthracycline, and maintenance therapy, and we aimed at confirming this finding in a randomized trial.Newly diagnosed APL patients younger than age 60 years with a WBC count of less than 10,000/microL were randomly assigned to receive either ATRA combined with and followed by three daunorubicin (DNR) plus AraC courses and a 2-year maintenance regimen (AraC group) or the same treatment but without AraC (no AraC group). Patients older than age 60 years and patients with initial WBC count of more than 10,000/microL were not randomly assigned but received risk-adapted treatment, with higher dose of AraC and CNS prophylaxis in patients with WBC counts more than 10,000/microL.Overall, 328 (96.5%) of 340 patients achieved complete remission (CR). In the AraC and the no AraC groups, the CR rates were 99% and 94% (P = .12), the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) rates were 4.7% and 15.9% (P = .011), the event-free survival (EFS) rates were 93.3% and 77.2% (P = .0021), and survival rates were 97.9% and 89.6% (P = .0066), respectively. In patients younger than age 60 years with WBC counts more than 10,000/microL, the CR, 2-year CIR, EFS, and survival rates were 97.3%, 2.9%, 89%, and 91.9%, respectively.These results support a role for AraC in addition to ATRA and anthracyclines in the treatment of newly diagnosed APL, at least using DNR at the cumulative dose we used and with the consolidation and maintenance regimens we used.
Regulation of dendritic cell activation by microRNA let-7c and BLIMP1
Authors: Sun Jung Kim, Peter K. Gregersen, Betty Diamond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Mice with a DC-specific deletion of the transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1) exhibit a lupus-like phenotype, secondary to enhanced DC production of IL-6. Here we explored further phenotypic changes in Blimp1-deficient DCs, the molecular mechanism underlying these changes, and their relevance to human disease. Blimp1-deficient DCs exhibited elevated expression of MHC II, and exposure to TLR agonists increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. This phenotype reflects enhanced expression of the microRNA let-7c, which is regulated by BLIMP1. Let-7c reciprocally inhibited Blimp1 and also blocked LPS-induced suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) expression, contributing to the proinflammatory phenotype of Blimp1-deficient DCs. DCs from Blimp1 SLE-risk allele carriers exhibited analogous phenotypic changes, including decreased BLIMP1 expression, increased let-7c expression, and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that let-7c regulates DC phenotype and confirm the importance of BLIMP1 in maintaining tolerogenic DCs in both mice and humans.
Prior disclosure need not be a problem for journals
Authors: Emma Veitch, Larry Peiperl
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

In their recent editorial in JRSM, Liz Wager and Kamran Abbasi boldly suggest that medical journal editors have ‘deserted the moral high ground’ in failing to welcome legal requirements for publicly accessible reporting of clinical trial results.1,2 Trial researchers and sponsors may be interested to know of PLoS Medicine's policy on results disclosure. As set out in a recent editorial,3 we and the other PLoS journals support public disclosure of results of all clinical trials; our guidelines to authors state that: ‘Prior disclosure of results on a public website such as clinicaltrials.gov will not affect the decision to peer review or acceptance of papers in PLoS journals’.4 We hope that editors of journals will pay close attention to Wager and Abbasi's argument that journal articles can provide context, commentary and interpretation of the results of clinical trials; moreover, we propose that journals should provide mechanisms for establishing the quality of research and include similar statements to that of PLoS Medicine in their editorial policies.
Extrarenal Effects of Intravenous Pitressin in Nephrectomized Rats
Authors: SYDNEY M. FRIEDMAN, MIYOSHI NAKASHIMA, CONSTANCE L. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Using inulin as indicator of the extracellular fluid volume, the effects of Pitressin on the movements of sodium and potassium were studied in the nephrectomized rat together with simultaneously determined direct blood pressure values. Pitressin caused a movement of sodium and water into cells coupled with the extrusion of some potassium during the phase of blood pressure elevation. The beginning of the phase of blood pressure decline coincided with a rapid shift of potassium into cells while the sodium and water acquired by cells in the early phase were gradually extruded. These shifts were demonstrable with as little as 10 mU. of Pitressin intravenously while the maximal effect occurred in the 30 to 50 mU. dose range. These effects may account for many of the changes observed with Pitressin in the intact animal and also may have some bearing on blood pressure homeostasis.
Ventilatory assistance in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: F. Lofaso, D. Orlikowski, J-C. Raphael
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) leads to progressive muscle weakness, causing respiratory failure 1, 2. Untreated patients die at <25 yrs of age, and the mean age of death in the 1960s was 15 yrs. The introduction of mechanical ventilation has improved survival compared with historical controls 1–3. This finding has led to general agreement that noninvasive ventilation prolongs life in patients with DMD, although no controlled studies have been performed to confirm this hypothesis 4.

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation is initially offered at night to treat sleep-related breathing disorders and hypoventilation, which are common in patients with DMD 5, 6. Breathing during sleep should be evaluated by polysomnography with continuous CO2 monitoring 7, or by continuous CO2 monitoring alone if polysomnography is not available. Overnight pulse oximetry combined with an early-morning arterial blood gas measurement (to detect a base excess) may also be used to monitor nocturnal ventilation.

As the disease progresses, hypoventilation starts to occur during the daytime, and additional daytime ventilation is offered 4. When noninvasive mechanical ventilation is inadequately effective, poorly tolerated or not feasible owing to …
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Facilitates Healing of Chronic Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Magnus Löndahl, Per Katzman, Anders Nilsson, Christer Hammarlund
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Chronic diabetic foot ulcers are a source of major concern for both patients and health care systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers.The Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Diabetics with Chronic Foot Ulcers (HODFU) study was a randomized, single-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The outcomes for the group receiving HBOT were compared with those of the group receiving treatment with hyperbaric air. Treatments were given in a multi-place hyperbaric chamber for 85-min daily (session duration 95 min), five days a week for eight weeks (40 treatment sessions). The study was performed in an ambulatory setting.Ninety-four patients with Wagner grade 2, 3, or 4 ulcers, which had been present for >3 months, were studied. In the intention-to-treat analysis, complete healing of the index ulcer was achieved in 37 patients at 1-year of follow-up: 25/48 (52%) in the HBOT group and 12/42 (29%) in the placebo group (P = 0.03). In a sub-analysis of those patients completing >35 HBOT sessions, healing of the index ulcer occurred in 23/38 (61%) in the HBOT group and 10/37 (27%) in the placebo group (P = 0.009). The frequency of adverse events was low.The HODFU study showed that adjunctive treatment with HBOT facilitates healing of chronic foot ulcers in selected patients with diabetes.
Targeting Cancer with a Lupus Autoantibody
Authors: James E. Hansen, Grace Chan, Yanfeng Liu, Denise C. Hegan, Shibani Dalal, Eloise Dray, Youngho Kwon, Yuanyuan Xu, Xiaohua Xu, Elizabeth Peterson-Roth, Erik Geiger, Yilun Liu, Joseph Gera, Joann B. Sweasy, Patrick Sung, Sara Rockwell, Robert N. Nishimura, Richard H. Weisbart, Peter M. Glazer
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

A cell-penetrating lupus anti-DNA antibody inhibits DNA repair, sensitizes cancer cells to DNA-damaging therapy in vitro and in vivo, and is synthetically lethal to BRCA2-deficient human cancer cells.
Early Basal Insulin Therapy Decreases New-Onset Diabetes after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Manfred Hecking, Michael Haidinger, Dominik Döller, Johannes Werzowa, Andrea Tura, Jinyao Zhang, Hilal Tekoglu, Johannes Pleiner, Thomas Wrba, Susanne Rasoul-Rockenschaub, Ferdinand Mühlbacher, Sabine Schmaldienst, Wilfred Druml, Walter H. Hörl, Michael Krebs, Michael Wolzt, Giovanni Pacini, Friedrich K. Port, Marcus D. Säemann
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

No effective interventions to reduce risk for new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT), a condition associated with postoperative hyperglycemia and reduced patient and graft survival, have been established. In this 1-year, proof-of-concept clinical trial, we randomly assigned 50 renal transplant recipients to immediate-postoperative isophane insulin for evening blood glucose ≥140 mg/dl (treatment group) or short-acting insulin and/or oral antidiabetic agents for blood glucose ≥180-250 mg/dl (standard-of-care control group). We included only patients without a history of diabetes who received tacrolimus. By the third postoperative evening, all patients in the treatment group had blood glucose ≥140 mg/dl and were subsequently treated with basal insulin; during the first 3 weeks after transplantation, the mean ± SD daily insulin dosage was 17±11 IU/d. Among controls, 23 (92%) of 25 had blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl and 18 (72%) of 25 received standard-of-care antihyperglycemic treatment. Asymptomatic hypoglycemia occurred five times in the treatment group and once in the control group. Throughout follow-up, the treatment group had 73% lower odds of NODAT (odds ratio, 0.27) than the control group, and hemoglobin A1c was on average 0.38% lower in the treatment group than the control group. Twelve months after transplantation, all patients in the treatment group were insulin-independent, whereas 7 (28%) of 25 controls required antidiabetic agents. The groups did not differ for insulin sensitivity, but the treatment group showed better β-cell function throughout the 1-year follow-up. In conclusion, this study suggests regimens that include basal insulin significantly reduce the odds for NODAT after renal transplantation, presumably via insulin-mediated protection of β cells.
Potential role of bile duct collaterals in the recovery of the biliary obstruction: Experimental study in rats using microcholangiography, histology, serology and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yicheng Ni, Gregorius Lukito, Prof.Dr. Guy Marchal, Erwin Cresens, Jie Yu, Carine Petré, Albert L. Baert, Johan Fevery
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Obstructive cholestasis induced in animals at the level of the lobar and common bile ducts is known to be reversible with time. This study was conducted not only to test the hypothesis that formation of bile duct collaterals is responsible for the recovery of biliary obstruction but also to assess the potential of hepatobiliary agent-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for visualizing cholestasis. A total of 52 rats were divided into three groups with selective biliary obstruction, total biliary obstruction and sham surgery. We studied the evolution of cholestasis by correlating microcholangiographic, histological findings with the results of liver tests and hepatobiliary agent-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Lobar cholestasis undetected by liver tests but seen on magnetic resonance imaging as a difference between ligated and unligated lobes, occurred in 15 out of 20 rats subjected to selective biliary obstruction within 48 hr after ligation, and recovered later on as a result of the development of bile duct collaterals. Five rats failed to show local cholestasis as a result of the existence of interlobar accessory bile channels. All 18 total biliary obstruction-treated rats were cholestatic soon after ligation, as confirmed by high serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels and as documented by poor liver enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging. Cholestasis recovered within 4 wk with normalization of liver enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging as a result of the formation of bile duct collaterals (as demonstrated by microcholangiographic and histological study). Bile duct collateral formation is responsible for the recovery from obstructive cholestasis in rats. A similar mechanism might be present in conditions of bile duct obstruction without cholestasis. Hepatobiliary agent-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive than blood tests in detecting local cholestasis and can be used to monitor noninvasively the evolution of biliary obstruction. (Hepatology 1994;20:1557–1566).