tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metastatic and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Endocrine Carcinomas: Analysis of Factors Associated With Disease Progression
Authors: Francesco Panzuto, Letizia Boninsegna, Nicola Fazio, Davide Campana, Maria Pia Brizzi, Gabriele Capurso, Aldo Scarpa, Filippo De Braud, Luigi Dogliotti, Paola Tomassetti, Gianfranco Delle Fave, Massimo Falconi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose Knowledge of clinical course of pancreatic endocrine carcinomas (PECs) is poor. This study aimed to determine the time to progression of advanced PECs, and to identify predictors capable of selecting subgroups with higher risk of progression. Patients and Methods In this multicenter retrospective analysis, patients with advanced PECs were enrolled. Staging was according to European Neuroendocrine Tumors Society guidelines. Grading was based on proliferation index using Ki67 immunohistochemistry. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), which was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression proportional hazard model was used to identify predictors for tumor progression. Results Two hundred two patients with PECs were enrolled, including 172 with well-differentiated and 30 with poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas. There were 34 patients with stage III and 168 with stage IV tumors. G1 tumors were present in 19.7% of patients, whereas 60.1% of patients had G2 tumors, and the remaining 20.2% had G3 tumors. Disease progression occurred in 166 patients (82.2%), at a median interval of 10 months (interquartile range, 5 to 22) from diagnosis. Median PFS was 14 months. Different PFS were observed depending on G grade (P &lt; .001) and tumor differentiation (P &lt; .001) and in patients who did not receive any antitumor treatment (P = .002). The major risk factor for progression was the proliferation index Ki67 (hazard ratio, 1.02 for each increasing unit; P &lt; .001). Overall 5-year survival was 44.1%. Conclusion The vast majority of patients with advanced PECs undergo disease progression. The major risk factor for progression is Ki67 index, which should lead physicians dealing with PECs to plan appropriate follow-up programs and therapeutic strategies.
Identification of Genes Uniquely Involved in Frequent Microsatellite Instability Colon Carcinogenesis by Expression Profiling Combined with Epigenetic Scanning
Authors: Yuriko Mori, Jing Yin, Fumiaki Sato, Anca Sterian, Lisa A. Simms, Florin M. Selaru, Karsten Schulmann, Yan Xu, Andreea Olaru, Suna Wang, Elena Deacu, John M. Abraham, Joanne Young, Barbara A. Leggett, Stephen J. Meltzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Gene silencing through CpG island hypermethylation has been associated with genesis or progression of frequent microsatellite instability (MSI-H) cancers. To identify novel methylation sites unique to MSI-H colon cancers in an unbiased fashion, we conducted a global expression profiling-based methylation target search. We identified 81 genes selectively down-regulated in MSI-H cancers using cDNA microarray analysis of 41 primary colon cancers. Forty six of these 81 genes contained CpG islands overlapping their 5′untranslated regions. Initial screening of six genes in 57 primary colon cancers detected the following gene with MSI-H cancer-specific hypermethylation: RAB32, a ras family member and A-kinase-anchoring protein, was methylated in 14 of 25 (56%) MSI-H cancers but in none of 32 non-MSI-H cancers or 23 normal colonic specimens. RAB32 hypermethylation correlated with RAB32 mRNA down-regulation and with hMLH1 hypermethylation. In addition, the protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Ogene, PTPRO, was frequently methylated in right-sided tumors. This methylation screening strategy should identify additional genes inactivated by epigenetic silencing in colorectal and other cancers.
Cancer Therapy Associated Bone Loss: Implications for Hip Fractures in Mid-Life Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Beatrice J. Edwards, Dennis W. Raisch, Veena Shankaran, June M. McKoy, William Gradishar, Andrew D. Bunta, Athena T. Samaras, Simone N. Boyle, Charles L. Bennett, Dennis P. West, Theresa A. Guise
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been recently associated with hip fractures. We present a case series of breast cancer survivors and a systematic review of bone health care in breast cancer. Experimental Design: We completed clinical assessments and bone density testing (BMD) of hip fractures from January 2005 to December 2008. Prefracture and 12-month functional status was obtained. Systematic review included case reports and review of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FDA AERS) from January 1998 to December 2008 (search terms: breast cancer, bone loss, osteopenia, osteoporosis, malignancy, cancer treatment, menopause, adriamycin, cytoxan, tamoxifen, and AIs). Results: Median age was 53.5 years; five women had osteopenia, one osteoporosis. Five cases were ER (+), and received surgery, XRT chemotherapy, and anastrozole. Functional decline was noted at 12 months, with difficulty in performing heavy housekeeping, climbing stairs, and shopping. The FDA AERS database included 228 cases of fractures associated with breast cancer therapy; 77/228 (29.4%) were hip or femur fractures. Among mid-life women under the age of 64 years there were 78 fractures; 15/228 (19%) were hip and femur fractures. AIs were the most common drug class associated with fractures (n = 149, 65%). Conclusions: Cancer treatment induced bone loss results in hip fractures among mid-life women with breast cancer. Hip fractures occur at younger ages and higher BMD than expected for patients in this age group without breast cancer. Hip fractures result in considerable functional decline. Greater awareness of this adverse drug effect is needed. Clin Cancer Res; 17(3); 560–8. ©2011 AACR.
Requirement of dendritic cells and B cells in the clonal deletion of Mls-reactive T cells in the thymus.
Authors: O Mazda, Y Watanabe, J Gyotoku, Y Katsura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The present study was performed to identify cells responsible for the elimination of T cells reactive with minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mls) antigens during T cell development. Experiments were carried out in a fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC) system. To examine the tolerance-inducing activity, various populations of cells from adult CBA/J (Mls-1a) mice were injected into deoxyguanosine (dGuo)-treated FTOC of C3H/He (Mls-1b) mice with a microinjector, and 2 d later, the thymus lobes were injected with fetal thymus cells from C3H/He mice as T cell precursors. After 14 d of cultivation, cells were harvested and assayed for the expression of the T cell receptor V beta 6 element. The absence or marked reduction of T cells expressing V beta 6 at high levels (V beta 6high) was regarded as indicating the deletion of Mls-1a-reactive T cells. T cell-depleted populations of thymic as well as splenic cells from CBA/J mice were able to induce clonal deletion. Further characterization of the effector cells was carried out by fractionating the spleen cells before injecting them into dGuo-FTOC. None of the dish-adherent population, dish-nonadherent population, or purified B cells alone were able to induce clonal deletion, whereas the addition of purified B cells to adherent cells restored tolerance inducibility. It was further shown that a combination of CBA/J B cells and C3H/He dendritic cells was effective in eliminating Mls-reactive clones. These results indicate that for the deletion of clones reactive with Mls antigens during T cell development in the thymus, both DC and B cells are required.
Serial Multimodality Assessment of Myocardial Infarction in Mice Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Micro–Positron Emission Tomography Provides Complementary Information on the Progression of Scar Formation
Authors: Stuart S. Berr, Yaqin Xu, R. Jack Roy, Bijoy Kundu, Mark B. Williams, Brent A. French
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Pleural calcification, pleural mesotheliomas, and bronchial cancers caused by tremolite dust.
Authors: S Yazicioglu, R Ilcayto, K Balci, B S Sayli, B Yorulmaz
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Around the town of Cermik in south-east Turkey there are many deposits of asbestiform minerals, some of which are used to make whitewash or stucco. A sample of 7000 of the population revealed 461 (6.5%) with pleural thickening and calcification, of whom 103 (1.47% of the total) had evidence of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Forty-one patients with respiratory cancer were admitted to the Diyarbakir Chest Hospital from around Cermik and from a comparable area of equal population (but without asbestos deposits) in 1977-8. Of these 23 were mesotheliomas, 22 coming from around Cermik. In addition, 11 of the 18 primary bronchial cancers came from around Cermik. A similar excess of mesothelioma and bronchial cancer had been admitted from the Cermik area in previous years. The whitewash or stucco material has been shown to contain fibrous tremolite and non-fibrous antigorite/lizardite, chlorite, and talc. A lung biopsy of a patient from Cermik contained large numbers of tremolite fibres, both free and forming asbestos bodies. There were only occasional chrysotile fibres.
Standing Committee for Education and Training
Authors: J A P da Silva
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

The VII EULAR Postgraduate Course in Rheumatology took place in Budapest from the 22 to 27 September 2002. The faculty included over 30 highly renowned scientists and clinicians from Europe and North America. The audience comprised 96 doctors (mostly rheumatology trainees) coming from almost all the European countries and from Africa and the Middle and Far East. An evaluation of the course was published in the 

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003;62:286).

[OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2]

It was planned that the 2003 course should take place in Istanbul, this September, but owing to the war in Iraq it has been postponed to September 2004.

We have expanded our Training Bursaries Programme : 10 such bursaries are now offered twice a year, each supported with up to €7000.

The number of Travel Bursaries to the Annual Congress, …

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Color treatment in endoscopic image classification using multi-scale local color vector patterns
Authors: M. Häfner, M. Liedlgruber, A. Uhl, A. Vécsei, F. Wrba
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2011)

In this work we propose a novel method to describe local texture properties within color images with the aim of automated classification of endoscopic images. In contrast to comparable Local Binary Patterns operator approaches, where the respective texture operator is almost always applied to each color channel separately, we construct a color vector field from an image. Based on this field the proposed operator computes the similarity between neighboring pixels. The resulting image descriptor is a compact 1D-histogram which we use for a classification using the k-nearest neighbors classifier. To show the usability of this operator we use it to classify magnification-endoscopic images according to the pit pattern classification scheme. Apart from that, we also show that compared to previously proposed operators we are not only able to get competitive classification results in our application scenario, but that the proposed operator is also able to outperform the other methods either in terms of speed, feature compactness, or both.
The Y-Chromosome Tree Bursts into Leaf: 13,000 High-Confidence SNPs Covering the Majority of Known Clades
Authors: P. Hallast, C. Batini, D. Zadik, P. Maisano Delser, J. H. Wetton, E. Arroyo-Pardo, G. L. Cavalleri, P. de Knijff, G. Destro Bisol, B. M. Dupuy, H. A. Eriksen, L. B. Jorde, T. E. King, M. H. Larmuseau, A. Lopez de Munain, A. M. Lopez-Parra, A. Loutradis, J. Milasin, A. Novelletto, H. Pamjav, A. Sajantila, W. Schempp, M. Sears, A. Tolun, C. Tyler-Smith, A. Van Geystelen, S. Watkins, B. Winney, M. A. Jobling
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Many studies of human populations have used the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) as a marker, but MSY sequence variants have traditionally been subject to ascertainment bias. Also, dating of haplogroups has relied on Y-specific short tandem repeats (STRs), involving problems of mutation rate choice, and possible long-term mutation saturation. Next-generation sequencing can ascertain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an unbiased way, leading to phylogenies in which branch-lengths are proportional to time, and allowing the times-to-most-recent-common-ancestor (TMRCAs) of nodes to be estimated directly. Here we describe the sequencing of 3.7 Mb of MSY in each of 448 human males at a mean coverage of 51×, yielding 13,261 high-confidence SNPs, 65.9% of which are previously unreported. The resulting phylogeny covers the majority of the known clades, provides date estimates of nodes, and constitutes a robust evolutionary framework for analyzing the history of other classes of mutation. Different clades within the tree show subtle but significant differences in branch lengths to the root. We also apply a set of 23 Y-STRs to the same samples, allowing SNP- and STR-based diversity and TMRCA estimates to be systematically compared. Ongoing purifying selection is suggested by our analysis of the phylogenetic distribution of nonsynonymous variants in 15 MSY single-copy genes.
Delayed progression of atherosclerosis in coronary bypass grafts is similar in women compared to men following aggressive cholesterol lowering despite more frequent risk factors: post CABG trial
Authors: L. Campeau, G. Knatterud, M. Domanski, J.S. Forrester, N. Geller, F. Gobel, J.A. Herd, B. Hoogwerf, D.B. Hunninghake, C. White, Y. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Is rheumatoid arthritis disappearing?
Authors: T Uhlig
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

During the past decades a number of studies have examined the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in different geographical settings and at different times. Some studies from the 1970s and 1980s reported a higher incidence of RA than seen during recent years, where reported incidence numbers seems to have flattened out at a lower level. Besides a real time dependent decline of RA incidence, changing methodology in classification may be an equally important explanation. Today we may assume that annually 25–50 people from a population of 100 000 will develop typical RA.
Anatomic Versus Physiologic Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: K. Lance Gould, Nils P. Johnson, Timothy M. Bateman, Rob S. Beanlands, Frank M. Bengel, Robert Bober, Paolo G. Camici, Manuel D. Cerqueira, Benjamin J.W. Chow, Marcelo F. Di Carli, Sharmila Dorbala, Henry Gewirtz, Robert J. Gropler, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Paul Knaapen, Juhani Knuuti, Michael E. Merhige, K. Peter Rentrop, Terrence D. Ruddy, Heinrich R. Schelbert, Thomas H. Schindler, Markus Schwaiger, Stefano Sdringola, John Vitarello, Kim A. Williams, Donald Gordon, Vasken Dilsizian, Jagat Narula
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)

Angiographic severity of coronary artery stenosis has historically been the primary guide to revascularization or medical management of coronary artery disease. However, physiologic severity defined by coronary pressure and/or flow has resurged into clinical prominence as a potential, fundamental change from anatomically to physiologically guided management. This review addresses clinical coronary physiology—pressure and flow—as clinical tools for treating patients. We clarify the basic concepts that hold true for whatever technology measures coronary physiology directly and reliably, here focusing on positron emission tomography and its interplay with intracoronary measurements.
STUDIES ON IMMUNITY TO PNEUMOCOCCUS MUCOSUS (TYPE III)
Authors: William S. Tillett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. Immunization of rabbits with Type III pneumococci is effective in producing active immunity against infection with a virulent strain of the homologous organism. 2. Immunization of rabbits with Type I or II pneumococci, and with R forms derived from any of the fixed types, is equally effective in producing active immunity against Type III infection. 3. Immunization of rabbits with nucleoprotein or with desoxycholate solutions of heterologous pneumococci, under the experimental conditions described, appears to be ineffective in producing active immunity against Type III infection.
Reduced Treatment Intensity in Patients with Early-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Andreas Engert, Annette Plütschow, Hans Theodor Eich, Andreas Lohri, Bernd Dörken, Peter Borchmann, Bernhard Berger, Richard Greil, Kay C. Willborn, Martin Wilhelm, Jürgen Debus, Michael J. Eble, Martin Sökler, Antony Ho, Andreas Rank, Arnold Ganser, Lorenz Trümper, Carsten Bokemeyer, Hartmut Kirchner, Jörg Schubert, Zdenek Král, Michael Fuchs, Hans-Konrad Müller-Hermelink, Rolf-Peter Müller, Volker Diehl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Whether it is possible to reduce the intensity of treatment in early (stage I or II) Hodgkin's lymphoma with a favorable prognosis remains unclear. We therefore conducted a multicenter, randomized trial comparing four treatment groups consisting of a combination chemotherapy regimen of two different intensities followed by involved-field radiation therapy at two different dose levels.We randomly assigned 1370 patients with newly diagnosed early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma with a favorable prognosis to one of four treatment groups: four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) followed by 30 Gy of radiation therapy (group 1), four cycles of ABVD followed by 20 Gy of radiation therapy (group 2), two cycles of ABVD followed by 30 Gy of radiation therapy (group 3), or two cycles of ABVD followed by 20 Gy of radiation therapy (group 4). The primary end point was freedom from treatment failure; secondary end points included efficacy and toxicity of treatment.The two chemotherapy regimens did not differ significantly with respect to freedom from treatment failure (P=0.39) or overall survival (P=0.61). At 5 years, the rates of freedom from treatment failure were 93.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.5 to 94.8) with the four-cycle ABVD regimen and 91.1% (95% CI, 88.3 to 93.2) with the two-cycle regimen. When the effects of 20-Gy and 30-Gy doses of radiation therapy were compared, there were also no significant differences in freedom from treatment failure (P=1.00) or overall survival (P=0.61). Adverse events and acute toxic effects of treatment were most common in the patients who received four cycles of ABVD and 30 Gy of radiation therapy (group 1).In patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma and a favorable prognosis, treatment with two cycles of ABVD followed by 20 Gy of involved-field radiation therapy is as effective as, and less toxic than, four cycles of ABVD followed by 30 Gy of involved-field radiation therapy. Long-term effects of these treatments have not yet been fully assessed. (Funded by the Deutsche Krebshilfe and the Swiss Federal Government; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00265018.)
The financial cost of doctors emigrating from sub-Saharan Africa: human capital analysis
Authors: E. J. Mills, S. Kanters, A. Hagopian, N. Bansback, J. Nachega, M. Alberton, C. G. Au-Yeung, A. Mtambo, I. L. Bourgeault, S. Luboga, R. S. Hogg, N. Ford
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To estimate the lost investment of domestically educated doctors migrating from sub-Saharan African countries to Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. <b>Design</b> Human capital cost analysis using publicly accessible data. <b>Settings</b> Sub-Saharan African countries. <b>Participants</b> Nine sub-Saharan African countries with an HIV prevalence of 5% or greater or with more than one million people with HIV/AIDS and with at least one medical school (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe), and data available on the number of doctors practising in destination countries. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The financial cost of educating a doctor (through primary, secondary, and medical school), assuming that migration occurred after graduation, using current country specific interest rates for savings converted to US dollars; cost according to the number of source country doctors currently working in the destination countries; and savings to destination countries of receiving trained doctors. <b>Results</b> In the nine source countries the estimated government subsidised cost of a doctor's education ranged from $21 000 (£13 000; €15 000) in Uganda to $58 700 in South Africa. The overall estimated loss of returns from investment for all doctors currently working in the destination countries was $2.17bn (95% confidence interval 2.13bn to 2.21bn), with costs for each country ranging from $2.16m (1.55m to 2.78m) for Malawi to $1.41bn (1.38bn to 1.44bn) for South Africa. The ratio of the estimated compounded lost investment over gross domestic product showed that Zimbabwe and South Africa had the largest losses. The benefit to destination countries of recruiting trained doctors was largest for the United Kingdom ($2.7bn) and United States ($846m). <b>Conclusions</b> Among sub-Saharan African countries most affected by HIV/AIDS, lost investment from the emigration of doctors is considerable. Destination countries should consider investing in measurable training for source countries and strengthening of their health systems.
Report of the Jumpstarting Brain Tumor Drug Development Coalition and FDA clinical trials neuroimaging endpoint workshop (January 30, 2014, Bethesda MD)
Authors: Patrick Y. Wen, Timothy F. Cloughesy, Benjamin M. Ellingson, David A. Reardon, Howard A. Fine, Lauren Abrey, Karla Ballman, Martin Bendszuz, Jan Buckner, Susan M. Chang, Michael D. Prados, Whitney B. Pope, Alma Gregory Sorensen, Martin van den Bent, Wai-Kwan Alfred Yung
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

a workshop was held on neuroimaging endpoints in high-grade glioma.