tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Presence of serum antibodies to coagulation protein C in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is not associated with antigenic or functional protein c deficiencies
Authors: Alejandro Ruiz‐Arguelles, Jose Vazquez‐Prado, Margarita Deleze, Beatriz Perez‐Romano, Cristina Drenkard, Donato Alarcon‐Segovia, Guillermo J. Ruiz‐Arguelles
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Antibodies directed to immunopurified coagulation protein C (PC) were investigated in serum samples from 108 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and found in 12 of them. However, their presence was not associated with antigenic or functional deficiencies of PC, which were documented in 6 and 17 patients, respectively.
Application of cytology and molecular biology in diagnosing premalignant or malignant oral lesions
Authors: Ravi Mehrotra, Anurag Gupta, Mamta Singh, Rahela Ibrahim
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2006)

Abstract Early detection of a premalignant or cancerous oral lesion promises to improve the survival and the morbidity of patients suffering from these conditions. Cytological study of oral cells is a non-aggressive technique that is well accepted by the patient, and is therefore an attractive option for the early diagnosis of oral cancer, including epithelial atypia and squamous cell carcinoma. However its usage has been limited so far due to poor sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing oral malignancies. Lately it has re-emerged due to improved methods and it's application in oral precancer and cancer as a diagnostic and predictive method as well as for monitoring patients. Newer diagnostic techniques such as "brush biopsy" and molecular studies have been developed. Recent advances in cytological techniques and novel aspects of applications of scraped or exfoliative cytology for detecting these lesions and predicting their progression or recurrence are reviewed here.
Comparative effectiveness of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in combination with either methotrexate or leflunomide
Authors: A Strangfeld, F Hierse, J Kekow, U von Hinueber, H-P Tony, R Dockhorn, J Listing, A Zink
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

<h3>Objective:</h3> The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a combination of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitors with either methotrexate or leflunomide in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a real-world setting. <h3>Methods:</h3> Data from 1769 outpatients enrolled in the German biologics register RABBIT who were treated with one of the TNFα inhibitors adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab in combination with either methotrexate (n = 1375) or leflunomide (n = 394) were included in the analysis. Clinical status including disease activity as well as treatment data were documented by the treating rheumatologist at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months of follow-up. <h3>Results:</h3> Patients treated with a combination of biologics with leflunomide had significantly higher baseline disease activity than those treated with methotrexate. The highest disease activity was found for patients treated with the combination infliximab/leflunomide. After 36 months, the discontinuation rates were 46.3%, 51.3% and 61.5% for combinations of etanercept, adalimumab and infliximab with methotrexate and 53.4%, 63.1% and 67.1% for combinations with leflunomide, respectively. European League Against Rheumatism response rates after 24 months ranged from 74% to 81% for combinations with methotrexate and 72% to 81% for combinations with leflunomide. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The current clinical practice is to use methotrexate as a first choice for the combination with TNFα antagonists. In a number of patients methotrexate has to be replaced by another disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. Our data support the view that leflunomide is a useful alternative if methotrexate is contraindicated.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON SYPHILIS OF THE NERVOUS PARENCHYMA
Authors: R. B. Hawes
Journal: BMJ (1930)

pr-egnlianit, aid( lbad giveni, no evidence of albumi-inuria ulntil inmediately before admission.A cardiac case had a bad hiistory of alcoholismi anid strangeness of miianniier.Slhe w-as sent in for lieait failure, arid was improving when labour camne oni.Shle then beeamiie very excited and violenit, and lied in a few minutes.In both of these cases post- luorteiii Caesareani sectionl wa.s performiied unsuccessfully.The remiiaininlg deaths are, attributedl to 'a variety of coni- ditions.It shouild pehlaps 1be mentioned that as far as possible diagnoses were v-erified patlhologically.The follow- ing is a table of causes:Genieral perfitonitis followinig sponitanieouts delivery ... 5 Genieral peritonitis followinig assisted delivery . 1 Septicaeinia followinig sponltaneous delivelv ...2 Septicaemia followinig assisted delivery ... .
The Women's Health Initiative: Lessons Learned
Authors: Ross L. Prentice, Garnet L. Anderson
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2008)

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was initiated in 1992 as a major disease-prevention research program among postmenopausal women. The program includes a randomized controlled intervention trial involving 68,132 women and four distinct interventions: conjugated equine estrogens, alone or in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate, for coronary heart disease prevention with breast cancer as an anticipated adverse effect; a low-fat eating pattern for breast and colorectal cancer prevention; and calcium and vitamin D supplementation for hip fracture prevention. Results from this multifaceted trial have made a substantial impact in clinical practice. A companion cohort study among 93,676 women serves as a source for new risk factor information and provides a comparative observational assessment of the clinical trial interventions. A specimen repository and quality-controlled outcome data for a range of diseases are among the resources that support the ongoing research program. WHI clinical trial contributions and challenges are reviewed and discussed.
Uncommon Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Christoph P. Jung, Sophia Horster, Peter Lohse, Johannes R. Bogner, Bertold Emmerich, Frank D. Goebel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.02.023 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 14615455 Uncommon Hematologic Malignancies CASE 1. PLASMABLASTIC LEUKEMIA IN HIV-ASSOCIATED MULTICENTRIC CASTLEMAN’S DISEASE Christoph P. JungxChristoph P. JungSearch for articles by this author , Sophia HorsterxSophia HorsterSearch for articles by this author , Peter LohsexPeter LohseSearch for articles by this author , Johannes R. BognerxJohannes R. BognerSearch for articles by this author , Bertold EmmerichxBertold EmmerichSearch for articles by this author , Frank D. GoebelxFrank D. GoebelSearch for articles by this author Show More Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medizinische Klinik and Department of Infectious Diseases, Medizinische Poliklinik, Klinikum Innenstadt; and Department of Clinical Chemistry–Groβhadern, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.02.023 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Consequences on offspring of abnormal function in ageing gametes
Authors: J. J. Tarin
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

The present review aims to analyse (i) the molecular, biochemical and cellular changes that accompany oocyte and sperm ageing in any of the internal or external environments where they can reside, and (ii) the consequences of the abnormal function in ageing gametes on pre- and post-implantation development and later life of offspring. This review also aims to propose and discuss cellular/molecular mechanisms framed within the 'free radical theory of ageing'. It appears that the ageing of gametes prior to fertilization may affect many molecular, biochemical and cellular pathways that may jeopardize not only pre- and post-implantation embryo/fetal development but also later life of offspring. Consequences of gamete ageing range from decreased vigour (with the concomitant decrease in intelligence, reproductive fitness and longevity) of apparently normal-looking offspring to severe congenital, epigenetic and/or genetic anomalies. All these effects may be easily prevented by efficient diffusion of both the potential risks of gamete ageing and the steps that should be taken by couples wishing to achieve pregnancy to guarantee a correct maturational synchronization of gametes at fertilization. Although in-vitro antioxidant therapy appears to protect from or retard the ageing process of gametes, it may not assure the total absence of negative effects on the resulting offspring.
Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital Reports.
Authors: Manhattan Eye, Ear
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modulation by pentobarbital of neutrophil responses to inhaled E. coli endotoxin in sheep: role of lung epithelium
Authors: B.T. Peterson, E.J Miller, D.E Griffith, R. Rowjee, P McWaters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Neutrophils (PMNs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The role of the epithelium in the modulation of PMN migration within the lungs was examined. Epithelial integrity and PMN concentrations in the lung air spaces and lymph were measured in sheep anaesthetized with either halothane (1-2.5%) or intravenous pentobarbital (12+/-4 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)). Ventilation with an aerosol containing 25 mg Escherichia Coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) effected neutrophil recruitment to the air spaces. Lymphatic clearance of aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA provided an index of epithelial integrity. Three hours after the deposition of LPS, the lung lining fluid of sheep anaesthetized with halothane (n=7) had 4.9+/-3.2x10(6) PMN.mL(-1), but the lung lymph had almost no PMNs (3+/-8%). Sheep anaesthetized with pentobarbital (n=6) had fewer PMNs in the air spaces (2.4+/-1.2X10(6) mL(-1)) and more PMNs in the lung lymph (30+/-20%). Control sheep (n=5) that received no LPS had almost no PMNs in the airspaces or lung lymph, regardless of the anaesthesia. Three additional sheep that remained awake after receiving LPS also had no PMNs in the lung lymph. The PMN fraction in the lung lymph correlated well with the extra-alveolar epithelial permeability measured by lymphatic clearance of aerosolized diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (r=0.81, p<0.001). Aerosolized lipopolysaccharide recruits neutrophils into the lungs of sheep, but they appear to remain in the airspaces unless extra-alveolar permeability is increased by agents such as pentobarbital.
446 HCV/TLR3-DEPENDENT INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE FUNCTIONS OF NON-PARENCHYMAL LIVER CELLS ARE CONTROLLED BY INTERLEUKIN-10 AND TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA
Authors: M. Jiang, J. Wu, E. Zhang, Z. Meng, M. Trippler, R. Broering, M. Roggendorf, G. Gerken, M. Lu, J. Schlaak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Vox populi or vox Dei?
Authors: P McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

t may interest readers to know that Australia has had an unexpected fallout of the 2000 Sydney Olympics-an increase in the population!At a time when politicians are calling for an increase in birth rates, it is pleasing to note that sports medicine is doing its best for the nation.A recent newspaper report noted that 35 overseas athletes who came to Australia for the Olympics did not actually go home.These foreigners, from 26 different countries, flew to Australia on Olympic Travel Authority for the Games, however, according to official immigration department records, two years after the closing ceremony they remain in the country.One whole team from Myanmar is not recorded as leaving the country.Other countries with missing athletes or offi-
Extraction and partial purification of a hepatic stimulatory substance in rats, mice, and dogs
Authors: A. Francavilla, P. Ove, L. Polimeno, M. Coetzee, L. Makowka, J. Rose, D. H. Van Thiel, T. E. Starzl
Journal: Cancer Research (1987)

A factor has been isolated from weanling rat liver which stimulates in vivo hepatic DNA synthesis in a dose dependent manner when injected into 40% hepatectomized rats. The factor has been partially purified by successive steps, involving ethanol precipitation, ultrafiltration through an Amicon PM 30 membrane, and finally fast protein liquid chromatography, resulting in a 38,000-fold increase in specific activity over that in the original cytosol. The factor contains a few bands in the molecular weight range of 14,000–50,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Active fractions from fast protein liquid chromatography (F150), when injected into 40% hepatectomized rats, increased hepatic DNA synthesis 3-fold over the background stimulation due to the hepatectomy. The response was dose dependent over a range from 1.76 µg to 6.8 µg per 200-g (body weight) rat. Mitotic and labeling indexes confirmed that F150 stimulates both replicative DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. The factor is heat and neuraminidase resistant, trypsin sensitive, organ specific, but not species specific.
Synergism between allergens and viruses and risk of hospital admission with asthma: case-control study
Authors: R. M Green
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the importance of sensitisation and exposure to allergens and viral infection in precipitating acute asthma in adults resulting in admission to hospital. <b>Design:</b> Case-control study. <b>Setting:</b> Large district general hospital. <b>Participants:</b> 60 patients aged 17-50 admitted to hospital over a year with acute asthma, matched with two controls: patients with stable asthma recruited from the outpatient department and patients admitted to hospital with non-respiratory conditions (inpatient controls). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Atopic status (skin testing and total and specific IgE), presence of common respiratory viruses and atypical bacteria (polymerase chain reaction), dust samples from homes, and exposure to allergens (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): Der p 1, Fel d 1, Can f 1, and Bla g 2). <b>Results:</b> Viruses were detected in 31 of 177 patients. The difference in the frequency of viruses detected between the groups was significant (admitted with asthma 26%, stable asthma 18%, inpatient controls 9%; P=0.04). A significantly higher proportion of patients admitted with asthma (66%) were sensitised and exposed to either mite, cat, or dog allergen than patients with stable asthma (37%) and inpatient controls (15%; P&lt;0.001). Being sensitised and exposed to allergens was an independent associate of the group admitted to hospital (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 5.4; P=0.05), whereas the combination of sensitisation, high exposure to one or more allergens, and viral detection considerably increased the risk of being admitted with asthma (8.4, 2.1 to 32.8; P=0.002). <b>Conclusions:</b> Allergens and viruses may act together to exacerbate asthma. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Studies on segmental allergen challenge of the lung and experimental rhinovirus infection show synergistic effects between allergens and respiratory virus infection No studies have investigated an interaction between sensitisation, exposure to allergens, and virus infections in real life exacerbations of asthma <h3>What this study adds</h3> Allergens and viruses may act together to exacerbate asthma, indicating that domestic exposure to allergens acts synergistically with viruses in sensitised patients, increasing the risk of hospital admission Strategies to reduce the impact of asthma exacerbations in adults should include interventions directed at both viruses and reducing exposure to allergens
Nrf2 Prevents Initiation but Accelerates Progression through the Kras Signaling Pathway during Lung Carcinogenesis
Authors: Hironori Satoh, Takashi Moriguchi, Jun Takai, Masahito Ebina, Masayuki Yamamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Nrf2 (Nfe2l2) governs cellular defenses against oxidative and electrophilic stresses and protects against chemical carcinogenesis. However, many cancers have been found to accumulate NRF2 protein, raising questions of precisely how Nrf2 contributes to carcinogenesis. In this report, we explored such questions in an established urethane-induced multistep model of lung carcinogenesis. Consistent with earlier observations, Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2−/−) mice exhibited a relative increase in tumor foci by 8 weeks after urethane administration. However, after 16 weeks, we observed a relative reduction in the number of tumors with more malignant characteristics in Nrf2−/− mice. Furthermore, all Nrf2+/+ tumors harbored activated mutations in Kras, whereas Nrf2−/− tumors were rarely associated with similar Kras mutations. Overall, our results established that Nrf2 has two roles during carcinogenesis, one of which is preventive during tumor initiation and the second that promotes malignant progression. These findings establish Nrf2 inhibitors as rational tools to prevent malignant progression in lung cancer, whereas Nrf2 activators are more suited for lung cancer prevention. Cancer Res; 73(13); 4158–68. ©2013 AACR.
Proapoptotic Bim regulates antigen-specific NK cell contraction and the generation of the memory NK cell pool after cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Gundula Min-Oo, Natalie A. Bezman, Sharline Madera, Joseph C. Sun, Lewis L. Lanier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Apoptosis is critical for the elimination of activated lymphocytes after viral infection. Proapoptotic factor Bim (Bcl2l11) controls T lymphocyte contraction and the formation of memory T cells after infection. Natural killer (NK) cells also undergo antigen-driven expansion to become long-lived memory cells after mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection; therefore, we examined the role of Bim in regulating the MCMV-driven memory NK cell pool. Despite responding similarly early after infection, Bcl2l11(-/-) Ly49H(+) NK cells show impaired contraction and significantly outnumber wild-type (WT) cells after the expansion phase. The inability to reduce the effector pool leads to a larger Bcl2l11(-/-) NK memory subset, which displays a less mature phenotype (CD11b(lo), CD27(+)) and lower levels of NK cell memory-associated markers KLRG1 and Ly6C. Bcl2l11(-/-) memory NK cells demonstrate a reduced response to m157-mediated stimulation and do not protect as effectively as WT memory NK cells in an MCMV challenge model. Thus, Bim-mediated apoptosis drives selective contraction of effector NK cells to generate a pool of mature, MCMV-specific memory cells.
Small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells promote de novo generation of Foxp3 T reg cells via retinoic acid
Authors: Cheng-Ming Sun, Jason A. Hall, Rebecca B. Blank, Nicolas Bouladoux, Mohamed Oukka, J. Rodrigo Mora, Yasmine Belkaid
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

To maintain immune homeostasis, the intestinal immune system has evolved redundant regulatory strategies. In this regard, the gut is home to a large number of regulatory T (T reg) cells, including the Foxp3+ T reg cell. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut environment preferentially supports extrathymic T reg cell development. We show that peripheral conversion of CD4+ T cells to T reg cells occurs primarily in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) after oral exposure to antigen and in a lymphopenic environment. Dendritic cells (DCs) purified from the lamina propria (Lp; LpDCs) of the small intestine were found to promote a high level of T reg cell conversion relative to lymphoid organ–derived DCs. This enhanced conversion by LpDCs was dependent on TGF-β and retinoic acid (RA), which is a vitamin A metabolite highly expressed in GALT. Together, these data demonstrate that the intestinal immune system has evolved a self-contained strategy to promote T reg cell neoconversion.
Do bronchial biopsies represent mast cell density in airways? A stereological study
Authors: M. L. Carroll, N. G. Carroll, A. L. James
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Endobronchial biopsy specimens may not adequately represent inflammatory cell counts throughout the airway wall. The present study aimed to compare mast cell density in biopsies and airway sections using both stereological and nonstereological methods. Post mortem biopsies and adjacent transverse sections were obtained from a mean of five proximal airways per case in 10 subjects who had died of nonrespiratory causes. Tryptase-positive mast cells were measured stereologically in 30-μm sections and nonstereologically in 5-μm sections using an optical disector (cells·mm -3 ) and cell profiles (cells·mm -2 ), respectively. Reference areas included the inner and total airway wall and to 100 μm below the basement membrane. Case means, based on four or more biopsy sites, significantly correlated with those on transverse sections for counts over the inner airway wall only, using both stereological and nonstereological methods. Cells·mm -3 and cells·mm -2 were significantly correlated within all reference areas. When endobronchial biopsies are obtained from at least four proximal airways per case, inter-subject comparisons of mean mast cell density in the inner airway wall are as well represented by counts on biopsies as they are on transverse sections. This is the case using either three-dimensional, stereological or two-dimensional, nonstereological methods.
Sex differences in COPD
Authors: T. Lahm
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

To the Editors: 

I read with interest the elegant study by de Torres et al. 1 indicating that female patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have better survival than male patients. As eloquently discussed by the authors, despite previous conflicting data, several other recent studies support the survival advantage of females with this disease 1. However, the underlying mechanisms for this survival advantage remain unknown. De Torres et al. 1 speculate that the increased mortality in males may be due to a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and/or lung cancer in this population. I propose an additional potential mechanism to explain the sex differences in COPD mortality.

Interestingly, females have been demonstrated to exhibit less severe hypoxic pulmonary hypertension …