tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Muscular Involvement in Giant-Cell Arteritis
Authors: R. W. R. Russell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

Giant-cell arteritis is now known to occur not only in the cranial arteries, but in many large arteries throughout the body.In the case described below a severe generalized inflammation of the small muscular arteries followed a typical attack of temporal arteritis.It is suggested that a similar lesion may account for other cases of muscular weakness and wasting of obscure aetiology in elderly patients. Case ReportAn 80-year-old retired seaman was in his usual robust health until September, 1959, when he noticed a tender lump in the left temple, followed by a similar swelling on the other side.One week later he began to have intermittent attacks of pain in the temples and across the forehead, lasting for 2 to 3 hours at a time.Codeine tablets gave some relief at night, but the headaches were usually present again on waking.The scalp was tender
Advances in Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Bruce W.S. Robinson, Richard A. Lake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor of serosal surfaces, such as the pleura and the peritoneum. This tumor was once rare, but its incidence is increasing worldwide, probably as a result of widespread exposure to asbestos, a factor with which it is associated. The authors review advances made in the past 5 to 10 years in the understanding, diagnosis, and management of mesothelioma.
Liver dysfunction among workers handling 5-nitro-o-toluidine
Authors: H Shimizu
Journal: Gut (2002)

5-Nitro-o-toluidine is an aromatic nitro amino compound. While other aromatic compounds are known to damage the human liver and are registered as toxic substances, toxicity information concerning 5-nitro-o-toluidine is lacking.To investigate the hepatotoxicity of 5-nitro-o-toluidine.Of 15 workers in the same factory who handled 5-nitro-o-toluidine, three were hospitalised with symptoms of acute liver dysfunction. Suspecting a link between liver dysfunction and working conditions, we correlated workplace factors with clinical findings in all 15 workers.Blood biochemistry tests indicated liver damage in seven of 15 study subjects. Workers who handled 5-nitro-o-toluidine and nitrosyl sulphuric acid often loosened their respiratory protective equipment shortly after 5-nitro-o-toluidine powder had been dispersed into the air of the room. No potential hepatotoxins were present except for 5-nitro-o-toluidine. Six of the affected workers had handled 5-nitro-o-toluidine 12 to 20 times; the seventh worker had handled the powder three times; and the other eight workers without liver dysfunction had handled the material once or twice. No other significant differences in background were evident between the affected and unaffected workers, such as age, sex, or protective measures. Histological findings during recovery from liver damage were similar to those of acute viral hepatitis. None of the 15 subjects has demonstrated liver damage since the factory was closed.A link between liver dysfunction and 5-nitro-o-toluidine exposure is suggested by greater severity of liver dysfunction associated with more episodes of handling.
Psychiatric Genetics: A Methodologic Critique
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

Psychiatric genetics, which is growing in size and influence within psychiatry, employs four major research paradigms: 1) basic genetic epidemiology, 2) advanced genetic epidemiology, 3) gene finding methods, and 4) molecular genetics. Paradigms 1 and 2 study aggregate genetic risk factors inferred from patterns of resemblance in relatives. Paradigms 3 and 4 study individual susceptibility genes localized on the human genome. Paradigms 1, 2, and 3 are statistical in nature, while paradigm 4 is biological. Genetic risk factors reflect the statistical signals from susceptibility genes. Whether it will be possible to identify all the susceptibility genes that underlie genetic risk factors is uncertain. Furthermore, given current research methods, the inability to detect susceptibility genes cannot disconfirm evidence for genetic risk factors. While paradigms 3 and 4 can provide great explanatory power by tracing etiologic pathways back to basic biological mechanisms, genetic epidemiology can also provide important etiologic insights, albeit of a less basic nature. While paradigms 3 and 4 may eventually replace paradigms 1 and 2, this shift is unlikely to occur quickly. Therefore, the field of psychiatric genetics would do best to integrate these four paradigms, stressing their relative strengths and limitations. This integration can be best done within an overall framework of explanatory pluralism that values a range of reductive explanations across varying levels of biological and psychological complexity.
An Analysis of Arrhythmias Induced by Ouabain in Intact Dogs
Authors: Mario Vassalle, Kalman Greenspan, Brian F. Hoffman
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The results of this study show that ouabain administration quite often causes idioventricular automaticity to undergo an initial depression and a subsequent enhancement. When the electrocardiogram shows normal sinus rhythm these changes in ventricular automaticity can be unmasked by vagal stimulation which causes either sinus arrest or atrioventricular block. On occasion, the depression of idioventricular automaticity is permanent; if ouabain produces complete atrioventricular block at this time, ventricular arrest ensues. When, on the contrary, the automaticity of Purkinje fibers is progressively enhanced, a stage is reached in which the idioventricular rhythm becomes faster than the sinus rhythm. Eventually the basic ventricular rhythm exhibits pauses during which electrocardio-graphic complexes of different form become apparent. The second class of arrhythmias comprises extrasystoles which may or may not show a constant coupling to sinus beats but which are characterized by a dependence on an initiating beat. It was demonstrated in this investigation that these extra beats appear during slow intravenous administration of ouabain and that they disappear not only on suppression but also on slowing of the sinus rhythm. Furthermore, it was shown that bigeminal rhythm may be transformed into extrasystoles occurring after every second sinus beat by means of vagal stimulation which slows the sinus rate. If, however, the heart was driven at faster rate, several extrasystoles followed one atrial beat. At a more advanced stage of ouabain intoxication these extrasystoles lose their fixed relationship with the sinus beat and runs of self-sustaining tachycardia appear. Such runs of ventricular tachycardia are unaffected by vagal stimulation but have a tendency to subside, spontaneously, and start anew after another initiating sinus beat. If vagal stimulation inhibits the initiating beat, the run of tachycardia also is suppressed. At an advanced stage of intoxication, however, when polymorphic ventricular complexes are present, vagal stimulation no longer produces any apparent effects. Finally, this investigation has shown that, during vagal stimulation which produces sinus arrest or A-V block, atrial fibrillation can be initiated by retrograde transmission of ventricular escape beats even though atrial escape beats are ineffective in eliciting the same phenomenon.
Minocycline-EDTA Lock Solution Prevents Catheter-Related Bacteremia in Hemodialysis
Authors: Rodrigo Peixoto Campos, Marcelo Mazza do Nascimento, Domingos Candiota Chula, Miguel Carlos Riella
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

There is growing concern about the development of antibacterial resistance with the use of antibiotics in catheter lock solutions. The use of an antibiotic that is not usually used to treat other serious infections may be an alternative that may reduce the clinical impact should resistance develop. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare a solution of minocycline and EDTA with the conventional unfractionated heparin for the prevention of catheter-related bacteremia in hemodialysis patients during a period of 90 d. The study included 204 incident catheters (27.8% tunneled); 14 catheters were excluded because of early dysfunction and 3 because of protocol violations. We observed catheter-related bacteremia in 19 patients in the heparin group (4.3 per 1000 catheter-days) and in 5 patients in the minocycline-EDTA group (1.1 per 1000 catheter-days; P = 0.005). We did not detect a significant difference in the rate of catheter removal for dysfunction. Catheter-related bacteremia-free survival was significantly higher in the minocycline-EDTA group than in the heparin group (P = 0.005). In conclusion, a minocycline-EDTA catheter lock solution is effective in the prevention of catheter-related bacteremia in hemodialysis patients.
Human rhinoviruses: coming in from the cold
Authors: Katherine E Arden, Ian M Mackay
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

Rhinovirus infections cause at least 70% of virus-related wheezing exacerbations and cold and flu-like illnesses. Infections are also associated with otitis media, sinusitis and pneumonia. The annual impact of human rhinovirus (HRV) infections costs billions of healthcare dollars. To date, 100 serotyped HRV or 'classical' strains have been divided between two genetically distinct species based on subgenomic sequences, but many more, apparently novel strains remain un-characterized, circulating in unknown patterns and causing undefined illnesses. Until recently, the genomes of less than half the classical strains had been sequenced. In April 2009, the remaining classical HRV genome sequences were reported. These data will inform therapeutic development and phylogenetic analysis for this subset of HRV strains but should be viewed as one step in a long road leading to comprehensive HRV characterization.
Predictive Value of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Tumor Recurrence and Patient Survival
Authors: Jung-Jyh Hung, Yi-Chen Yeh, Wen-Juei Jeng, Kou-Juey Wu, Biing-Shiun Huang, Yu-Chung Wu, Teh-Ying Chou, Wen-Hu Hsu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

This study investigated the pattern of recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma and the predictive value of histologic classification in resected lung adenocarcinoma using the new International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)/American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) classification system.Histologic classification of 573 patients undergoing resection for lung adenocarcinoma was determined according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification system, and the percentage of each histologic component (lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid) was recorded. The pattern of recurrence of those components and their predictive value were investigated.The predominant histologic pattern was significantly associated with sex (P < .01), invasive tumor size (P < .01), T status (P < .01), N status (P < .01), TNM stage (P < .01), and visceral pleural invasion (P < .01). The percentage of recurrence was significantly higher in micropapillary- and solid-predominant adenocarcinomas (P < .01). Micropapillary- and solid-predominant adenocarcinomas had a significantly higher possibility of developing initial extrathoracic-only recurrence than other types (P < .01). The predominant pattern group (micropapillary or solid v lepidic, acinar, or papillary) was a significant prognostic factor in overall survival (OS; P < .01), probability of freedom from recurrence (P < .01), and disease-specific survival (P < .01) in multivariable analysis. For patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, solid-predominant adenocarcinoma was a significant predictor for poor OS (P = .04).In lung adenocarcinoma, the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification system has significant prognostic and predictive value regarding death and recurrence. Solid-predominant adenocarcinoma was also a significant predictor in patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Prognostic and predictive information is important for stratifying patients for aggressive adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
Clearance of 99mTc DTPA from guinea pig nasal, tracheobronchial, and bronchoalveolar airways.
Authors: L Greiff, P Wollmer, I Erjefalt, U Pipkorn, C G Persson
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Technetium-99m labelled diethylenetriamine penta-acetate (99mTc-DTPA) was used to compare small solute absorption (clearance) from nasal, tracheobronchial, and bronchoalveolar airways in anaesthetised guinea pigs. 99mTc DTPA dissolved in saline was superfused through nasal and orolaryngeal catheters on to nasal and tracheobronchial airways; a small particle aerosol of nebulised 99mTc DTPA was delivered to the bronchoalveolar airways through a tracheostomy. Radioactivity over the appropriate region was then determined with a gamma camera. Mucociliary transport of 99mTc DTPA appeared not to contribute to the disappearance of 99mTc DTPA. Time-activity curves were obtained and half life values calculated by fitting a monoexponential equation to the experimental data. A progressive reduction in 99mTc DTPA was recorded from the nasal and tracheobronchial airways and from the bronchoalveolar airway, suggesting that absorption was occurring. The disappearance of 99mTc DTPA was fastest from the bronchoalveolar region, which also had the largest mucosal surface. The similar shape of the retention curves for the nasal and tracheobronchial regions suggests that the characteristics of nasal absorption of 99mTc DTPA could prove applicable to the tracheobronchial region. It is proposed that the present methods are suited for comparing the pharmacology of small solute absorption across nasal, tracheobronchial, and bronchoalveolar airway mucosa.
Follow-up analysis of 180 Chinese Han families: identification of a novel locus for psoriasis at 2p22.3-11.2
Authors: L.D. Sun, S. Yang, J.J. Liu, Y.Q. Ren, X. Fan, S.X. Xu, L. Zhou, C.J. Yang, F.L. Xiao, M. Gao, Y. Cui, W.H. Du, W. Huang, X.J. Zhang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Psoriasis is a common inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin disease. The pathogenesis of psoriasis remains obscure. Family and twin studies have suggested a strong genetic susceptibility to psoriasis. Eight linkage loci (PSORS1–7, PSORS9) were identified and accepted by the OMIM and an additional 16 susceptibility loci have been suggested so far. Objectives To investigate further three suggested psoriasis susceptibility loci at 2p22.3–11.2, 13q21–32 and 17q22–25.3 in a Chinese population. Using an expanded sample of 180 Chinese families with psoriasis and improved marker coverage, we verified whether they were Chinese Han psoriasis susceptibility loci. Methods In total, 180 Chinese Han families with psoriasis vulgaris (including the 61 families used in the original genome-wide scan and 119 new families) were recruited from the Dermatology Department at the First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University. Two-point and multipoint parametric and nonparametric linkage (NPL) analyses were performed at 2p, 13q and 17q in the total 180 families as well as the 61 original and 119 new families separately. Results At the region 2p, a maximum multipoint NPL score of 4·11 was identified at locus D2S337 (P = 0·000003), and a maximum multipoint heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) score of 4·93 (α = 54%) was identified at the same locus in the analysis of the 180 families. However, the analysis of the 180 families did not identify any significant linkage evidence at the region 13q21–32 [a maximum multipoint HLOD score of 0·10 (α = 7%) and NPL score of 0·95 (P = 0·14)] or the region 17q22–25.3 [a maximum multipoint HLOD score of 0·08 (α = 6%) and NPL value of 0·94 (P = 0·14)]. For these two regions, the LOD scores from the 180 families as well as the 119 new families were much smaller than the ones obtained from the original 61 families. Conclusions Our study indicates that 2p22.3–11.2 is a novel psoriasis susceptibility locus in the Chinese Han population and confirms that psoriasis is a genetically heterogeneous disease.
Hereditary pyruvate kinase abnormalities associated with erythrocytosis
Authors: Raymonde Rosa, Isabelle Max‐Audit, Victor Izrael, Yves Beuzard, Joélle Thillet, Jean Rosa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract A familial erythrocytosis is described. The propositus is a 52‐year‐old man who was found, on routine testing, to have an erythrocytosis with a Hb level of 19.8 g/dl. Physical examination and laboratory findings revealed an associated hemolysis. The P 50 of the stripped hemolysate was normal. The 2,3‐DPG level was reduced to 15% of normal but that of ATP was increased more than twofold. Red cell diphosphoglycerate mutase activity was normal as were the levels of all red cell glycolytic and hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes with the exception of pyruvate kinase (PK). The level of the latter was elevated to 24.5 U/g(normal:6.3 ± 1.1). The electrophoretic pattern of hemolysate PK was abnormal, showing three additional bands; one of these migrated as the M 2 isozyme. The findings were similar in the propositus's daughter and her daughter and in one of the two brothers of the propositus. The second brother and the son of the first brother also exhibited erythrocytosis but their red cell 2,3‐DPG levels were normal. In addition, the level of their RBC PK was reduced to between 50% and 60% of normal and the abnormal electrophoretic bands were absent. The erythrocytosis appears to be inherited as an autosomal‐dominant trait. The relationship between the PK abnormalities appears complex.
THE PSYCHO-PATHOLOGY OF MEDIUMISM AND SPIRITUALISM
Authors: C. M. Beadnell
Journal: BMJ (1917)

<h3></h3> We surveyed the chief executive officers (CEOs) of US hospitals and health care systems to determine (1) how they came to be CEO [career path], (2) why they chose to be CEO, and (3) their concerns for the future. Our goal was to develop understanding and thereby to improve communication between managers and care providers. Six hundred seventy CEOs responded. There was a male predominance (88%); all other demographic measures reflected the general population. Over 90% had master degrees; 9% had doctorates (half were MD). Regardless of background—finance, operations, administration, or care provision—virtually all prior work experience was within the health care industry. Forty percent had been hospital CEO less than 5 years; 35% had over 10 years9 tenure. Reasons to become CEO included personal advancement = 31%; serendipity = 23%; in 4%, hospital administration was a family tradition. Many (23%) wrote of the “challenge” and then explained their desire to match their talents with “good work.” Altruism was reported as the primary reason to become CEO in 26% and was subtext in over half of all other respondents. Commonly expressed future concerns were reimbursement/cost issues (77%) and shortages of critical personnel (66%), both reflecting imbalance between resources and commitments; lack of national health policies (33%), contradictory obligations and ineffective systems (33%), under- or uninsured patients (27%), and unfunded mandates (27%) all speak to system-wide dysfunction. Twenty-two percent were concerned about loss of public confidence in the health care system. Open conflict with their own physicians was reported in 11%. The repeated message from the CEOs was powerlessness to do what the physicians, the public, and the government expect them to do. Hospital CEOs have highly diverse educational and work backgrounds. This results in differing worldviews and approaches to problem solving compared to care providers. However, there is remarkable similarity in core values and in future concerns. System-wide dysfunction—contradictory requirements, regulatory burdens, partisan and self-destructive behaviors, resource constraints, and focus on short-term costs—weigh heavily and equally on CEOs and providers. These commonalities can be used to convert an adversarial relationship into a collegial one. Effective alliance of managers and care providers could turn their diversity of talents and experience into a powerful tool for solving health care problems.
Systolic and diastolic dysfunction during atrial pacing in conscious dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: A M Fujii, R J Gelpi, I Mirsky, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

To determine the extent to which the hypertrophied left ventricle responds to the chronotropic stress induced by graded atrial pacing rates, we studied conscious, chronically instrumented dogs with severe compensated pressure overload left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy induced by aortic banding in puppies 8-10 weeks of age. At 1-2 years, dogs with severe LV hypertrophy (LV free wall/body wt ratio 6.8 +/- 0.6 g/kg) and sham-operated littermates (LV free wall/body wt ratio 4.0 +/- 0.3 g/kg) were instrumented with ultrasonic dimension crystals to measure LV short axis internal diameter and wall thickness, miniature LV pressure transducers, and aortic and LV catheters. During atrial pacing (240 beats/min) in eight control dogs, LV pressure did not change from 119 +/- 2 mm Hg, and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) did not change from 1.25 +/- 0.09/sec. In seven dogs with LV hypertrophy, atrial pacing (240 beats/min) decreased systolic LV function; that is, LV systolic pressure decreased (p less than 0.01) by 65 +/- 12 from 254 +/- 14 mm Hg, and VCF decreased (p less than 0.01) by 0.19 +/- 0.03 from 0.97 +/- 0.15/sec. Diastolic dysfunction was also observed in the dogs with LV hypertrophy. In the control dogs during atrial pacing (240 beats/min), LV end-diastolic pressure decreased (p less than 0.01) by 8 +/- 1 from 9 +/- 1 mm Hg, end-diastolic stress decreased (p less than 0.01) by 18 +/- 2 from 22 +/- 2 g/cm2, and the radial myocardial stiffness constant did not change from 5.6 +/- 1.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oxidative stress and nitration in neurodegeneration: Cause, effect, or association?
Authors: Harry Ischiropoulos, Joseph S. Beckman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Nonstandard abbreviations used: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD); Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD); hypochlorous acid (HOCl); nitric oxide synthase (NOS); 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine (MPTP); copper chaperone for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CCS).
Morphologic and Biochemical Characterization of Erythrophoromas in Goldfish (&lt;italic&gt;Carassius auratus&lt;/italic&gt;)&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Takatoshi Ishikawa, Prince Masahito, Jiro Matsumoto, Shozo Takayama
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The properties of spontaneous cutaneous erythrophoromas that occurred in 17 adult goldfish (Carassius auratus) were described. This study was based on combined histology, cytochemistry, electron microscopy, and biochemical analysis. Tumors that varied from 0.4 to 2.7 cm in maximum diameter were located on various parts of the skin. As shown by light microscopy, tumors were composed of red- to orange-pigmented, dendritic, stellate, or spindle-shaped cells, which coalesced into an excrescence in the dermal layer. No metastasis was observed. Evidence of invasiveness in five examples and local recurrence in three examples indicated that some of these tumors were malignant. Electron microscopy revealed numerous round cytoplasmic organelles (pterinosomes), which measured 0.4--0.7 mu, and well-developed tubular, smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the tumor cells. Biochemical analysis showed that red pigmentation of tumor cells was imparted by pteridines and carotenoids, most of which were detectable in normal adult erythrophores. These data indicate that tumors were comprised of neoplastic erythrophores.