tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deficits in Transcriptional Regulators of Cortical Parvalbumin Neurons in Schizophrenia
Authors: David W. Volk, Takurou Matsubara, Siyu Li, Elizabeth J. Sengupta, Danko Georgiev, Yoshio Minabe, Allan Sampson, Takanori Hashimoto, David A. Lewis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

Objective In schizophrenia, alterations within the prefrontal cortical GABA system appear to be most prominent in neurons that contain parvalbumin or somatostatin but not calretinin. The transcription factors Lhx6 and Sox6 play critical roles in the specification, migration, and maturation of parvalbumin and somatostatin neurons, but not calretinin neurons, and continue to be strongly expressed in this cell type-specific manner in the prefrontal cortex of adult humans. The authors investigated whether Lhx6 and/or Sox6 mRNA levels are deficient in schizophrenia, which may contribute to cell type-specific disturbances in cortical parvalbumin and somatostatin neurons. Method The authors used quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization with film and grain counting analyses to quantify mRNA levels in postmortem samples of prefrontal cortex area 9 of 42 schizophrenia subjects and 42 comparison subjects who had no psychiatric diagnoses in life, as well as antipsychotic-exposed monkeys. Results In schizophrenia subjects, the authors observed lower mRNA levels for Lhx6, parvalbumin, somatostatin, and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67; the principal enzyme in GABA synthesis), but not Sox6 or calretinin. Cluster analysis revealed that a subset of schizophrenia subjects consistently showed the most severe deficits in the affected transcripts. Grain counting analyses revealed that some neurons that normally express Lhx6 were not detectable in schizophrenia subjects. Finally, lower Lhx6 mRNA levels were not attributable to psychotropic medications or illness chronicity. Conclusions These data suggest that in a subset of individuals with schizophrenia, Lhx6 deficits may contribute to a failure of some cortical parvalbumin and somatostatin neurons to successfully migrate or develop a detectable GABA-ergic phenotype.
Healing with hyaluronan
Authors: Heather L. Van Epps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

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Efficient macrophage migration into wounded skin requires hyaluronan (blue).Specialized T cells in the skin lay a sugary foundation for macrophage migration into wounds, according to a study on 

[page 1269][2]. Jameson and colleagues show that the absence of dendritic
Increased plasma levels of the soluble form of fas ligand in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris
Authors: Masumi Shimizu, Keisuke Fukuo, Shigekazu Nagata, Toshimitsu Suhara, Masashi Okuro, Kenshi Fujii, Yorihiko Higashino, Masaki Mogi, Yasuko Hatanaka, Toshio Ogihara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The prognostic and predictive value of serum CA19.9 in pancreatic cancer
Authors: J.L. Humphris, D.K. Chang, A.L. Johns, C.J. Scarlett, M. Pajic, M.D. Jones, E.K. Colvin, A. Nagrial, V.T. Chin, L.A. Chantrill, J.S. Samra, A.J. Gill, J.G. Kench, N.D. Merrett, A. Das, E.A. Musgrove, R.L. Sutherland, A.V. Biankin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)

BackgroundCurrent staging methods for pancreatic cancer (PC) are inadequate, and biomarkers to aid clinical decision making are lacking. Despite the availability of the serum marker carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9) for over two decades, its precise role in the management of PC is yet to be defined, and as a consequence, it is not widely used.MethodsWe assessed the relationship between perioperative serum CA19.9 levels, survival and adjuvant chemotherapeutic responsiveness in a cohort of 260 patients who underwent operative resection for PC.ResultsBy specifically assessing the subgroup of patients with detectable CA19.9, we identified potential utility at key clinical decision points. Low postoperative CA19.9 at 3 months (median survival 25.6 vs 14.8 months, P = 0.0052) and before adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. Patients with postoperative CA 19.9 levels >90 U/ml did not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.7194) compared with those with a CA19.9 of ≤90 U/ml (median 26.0 vs 16.7 months, P = 0.0108). Normalization of CA19.9 within 6 months of resection was also an independent favorable prognostic factor (median 29.9 vs 14.8 months, P = 0.0004) and normal perioperative CA19.9 levels identified a good prognostic group, which was associated with a 5-year survival of 42%.ConclusionsPerioperative serum CA19.9 measurements are informative in patients with detectable CA19.9 (defined by serum levels of >5 U/ml) and have potential clinical utility in predicting outcome and response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Future clinical trials should prioritize incorporation of CA19.9 measurement at key decision points to prospectively validate these findings and facilitate implementation.
Suppression of Myeloma Growth In Vitro by Anti-idiotypic Antibodies: Inhibition of DNA Synthesis and Colony Formation 2
Authors: Hans Schreiber, Paul Leibson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Suppression of Myeloma Growth In Vitro by Anti-idiotypic Antibodies: Inhibition of DNA Synthesis and Colony Formation Get access Hans Schreiber, Hans Schreiber 3Department of Pathology and La Rabida Children's Hospital and Research Center, La Rabida-University of Chicago Institute, The University of Chicago, East 65th St. at Lake Michigan, Chicago, Ill. 60649. 4Recipient of PHS Individual National Research Service Award N01-T32 CA05330 from the NCI. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul Leibson Paul Leibson 3Department of Pathology and La Rabida Children's Hospital and Research Center, La Rabida-University of Chicago Institute, The University of Chicago, East 65th St. at Lake Michigan, Chicago, Ill. 60649. 5Supported by PHS training grant N01-T32HD07009 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 6We thank Dr. D. A. Rowley, in whose laboratory this work was performed, for encouraging us to pursue these studies and for support and critical discussions throughout the experiments. We thank Dr. M. D. Scharff (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y.) for giving his generous help and supplying the S107 and the MPC-11 tumor lines, and Dr. M. Cohn (Salk Institute, San Diego, Calif.) for supplying the MOPC-315 and SX63 cell lines. We also thank Dr. S. Panem, Dr. H. Köhler, Dr. J. N. Goldman, Dr. M. Goldman, Dr. J. Quintáns, and Dr. B. C. Richardson, all from the University of Chicago, for their aid. The expert technical assistance of Mr. Patrick Flood and Miss Connie Philipps (La Rabida-University of Chicago Institute) is appreciated. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 1, January 1978, Pages 225–233, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.1.225 Published: 01 January 1978 Article history Received: 20 May 1977 Accepted: 09 August 1977 Published: 01 January 1978
Quantitative Detection of Cytotoxic Antibodies Against Tumor-Specific Antigens of Murine Sarcomas Induced by 3-Methylcholanthrene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Eda T. Bloom
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Journal Article Quantitative Detection of Cytotoxic Antibodies Against Tumor-Specific Antigens of Murine Sarcomas Induced by 3-Methylcholanthrene Get access Eda T. Bloom Eda T. Bloom Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 45, Issue 3, September 1970, Pages 443–453, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/45.3.443 Published: 01 September 1970 Article history Received: 02 February 1970 Accepted: 08 May 1970 Published: 01 September 1970
Gambogic Acid Inhibits Angiogenesis and Prostate Tumor Growth by Suppressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Signaling
Authors: Tingfang Yi, Zhengfang Yi, Sung-Gook Cho, Jian Luo, Manoj K. Pandey, Bharat B. Aggarwal, Mingyao Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Gambogic acid (GA), the main active compound of Gamboge hanburyi, has been previously reported to activate apoptosis in many types of cancer cell lines by targeting transferrin receptor and modulating nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Whether GA inhibits angiogenesis, which is crucial for cancer and other human diseases, remains unknown. Here, we found that GA significantly inhibited human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, invasion, tube formation, and microvessel growth at nanomolar concentration. In a xenograft prostate tumor model, we found that GA effectively inhibited tumor angiogenesis and suppressed tumor growth with low side effects using metronomic chemotherapy with GA. GA was more effective in activating apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation and migration in HUVECs than in human prostate cancer cells (PC3), suggesting GA might be a potential drug candidate in cancer therapy through angioprevention with low chemotoxicity. Furthermore, we showed that GA inhibited the activations of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and its downstream protein kinases, such as c-Src, focal adhesion kinase, and AKT. Together, these data suggest that GA inhibits angiogenesis and may be a viable drug candidate in antiangiogenesis and anticancer therapies. [Cancer Res 2008;68(6):1843–50]
Efficient Reprogramming of Human Cord Blood CD34+ Cells Into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells With OCT4 and SOX2 Alone
Authors: Xianmei Meng, Amanda Neises, Rui-Jun Su, Kimberly J Payne, Linda Ritter, Daila S Gridley, Jun Wang, Matilda Sheng, K-H William Lau, David J Baylink, Xiao-Bing Zhang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

The reprogramming of cord blood (CB) cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has potential applications in regenerative medicine by converting CB banks into iPSC banks for allogeneic cell replacement therapy. Therefore, further investigation into novel approaches for efficient reprogramming is necessary. Here, we show that the lentiviral expression of OCT4 together with SOX2 (OS) driven by a strong spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) promoter in a single vector can convert 2% of CB CD34(+) cells into iPSCs without additional reprogramming factors. Reprogramming efficiency was found to be critically dependent upon expression levels of OS. To generate transgene-free iPSCs, we developed an improved episomal vector with a woodchuck post-transcriptional regulatory element (Wpre) that increases transgene expression by 50%. With this vector, we successfully generated transgene-free iPSCs using OS alone. In conclusion, high-level expression of OS alone is sufficient for efficient reprogramming of CB CD34(+) cells into iPSCs. This report is the first to describe the generation of transgene-free iPSCs with the use of OCT4 and SOX2 alone. These findings have important implications for the clinical applications of iPSCs.
PWE-194 Randomised study of RIGJ vs PEGJ in Patients at Risk of Aspiration Pneumonia: Abstract PWE-194 Table 1
Authors: S Lewis, A Latchford, T Gruning
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In patients at risk of aspiration pneumonia due to gastro-oesophageal reflux who require gastrojejunostomy feeding tubes, the tubes are placed either radiologically (RIGJ) or endoscopicaly (PEGJ). There is little published evidence to inform which is superior. <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive patients referred for long-term jejunal feeding because of high risk of aspiration pneumonia (proven GORD or pneumonia whilst being NG fed) were randomly allocated to have a RIGJ or PEGJ inserted. A Tc99m colloid study was done to determine the presence of gastro-oesophageal reflux and jejunal gastric reflux after feeding tube placement. We recorded pneumonia, death, feeding tube displacement, blockage and replacement to 90 days post placement. <h3>Results</h3> 65 patients were randomised, 31 RIGJ and 34 PEGJ. Baseline characteristics including Barthell index were similar between groups. GORD was demonstrated by Tc99m tracer injected intragastrically in 52% but in no patient when injected jejunally. Jejunal feeding tube and clinical complications (number). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was little difference in clinical outcomes between RIGJ <i>vs</i> PEGJ tubes for feeding patients at high risk of pneumonia. However, RIGJ tubes were considerably less prone to blockage and displacement than PEGJ tubes. Tube blockage was a major cause of frustration for patients and resource use for health care services. Replacing enteral tubes in frail patients was distressing and a significant use of health care resource. Consideration should be given to placing RIGJ in preference to PEGJ tubes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
β-Radiation for the Creation of Linear Lesions in the Canine Atrium
Authors: Peter G. Guerra, Mario Talajic, Bernard Thibault, Marc Dubuc, Denis Roy, Laurent Macle, Tack Ki Leung, André Arsenault, François Harel, Jean Grégoire, Raoul Bonan
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Creating linear lesions is important for the treatment of arrhythmias such as atrial flutter and fibrillation. Making these lesions with standard radiofrequency catheters can be difficult and may result in charring and thrombosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate beta-radiation as a novel energy source for creating linear myocardial lesions.Eight dogs with intact conduction across the cavotricuspid isthmus were studied. The isthmus was irradiated (25 to 50 Gy) with strontium/yttrium-90 delivered via a deflectable 7F catheter (Novoste Corporation). There were no immediate effects, but bidirectional conduction block developed during follow-up studies in 7 of 8 dogs. The dog without conduction block received 25 Gy. After the animals were euthanized, histology revealed transmural, linear areas of fibrosis without any thrombus.Beta-radiation can safely and effectively create linear lesions that are contiguous and nonthrombogenic. This energy source may become an interesting adjunct to radiofrequency for the treatment of atrial flutter and fibrillation.
A kernel-based integration of genome-wide data for clinical decision support
Authors: Anneleen Daemen, Olivier Gevaert, Fabian Ojeda, Annelies Debucquoy, Johan AK Suykens, Christine Sempoux, Jean-Pascal Machiels, Karin Haustermans, Bart De Moor
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

Although microarray technology allows the investigation of the transcriptomic make-up of a tumor in one experiment, the transcriptome does not completely reflect the underlying biology due to alternative splicing, post-translational modifications, as well as the influence of pathological conditions (for example, cancer) on transcription and translation. This increases the importance of fusing more than one source of genome-wide data, such as the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and epigenome. The current increase in the amount of available omics data emphasizes the need for a methodological integration framework.We propose a kernel-based approach for clinical decision support in which many genome-wide data sources are combined. Integration occurs within the patient domain at the level of kernel matrices before building the classifier. As supervised classification algorithm, a weighted least squares support vector machine is used. We apply this framework to two cancer cases, namely, a rectal cancer data set containing microarray and proteomics data and a prostate cancer data set containing microarray and genomics data. For both cases, multiple outcomes are predicted.For the rectal cancer outcomes, the highest leave-one-out (LOO) areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were obtained when combining microarray and proteomics data gathered during therapy and ranged from 0.927 to 0.987. For prostate cancer, all four outcomes had a better LOO AUC when combining microarray and genomics data, ranging from 0.786 for recurrence to 0.987 for metastasis.For both cancer sites the prediction of all outcomes improved when more than one genome-wide data set was considered. This suggests that integrating multiple genome-wide data sources increases the predictive performance of clinical decision support models. This emphasizes the need for comprehensive multi-modal data. We acknowledge that, in a first phase, this will substantially increase costs; however, this is a necessary investment to ultimately obtain cost-efficient models usable in patient tailored therapy.
Effect of adding aminophylline infusion to nebulised salbutamol in severe acute asthma.
Authors: B M Zainudin, O Ismail, K Yusoff
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--The benefit of adding theophylline to beta 2 agonists in acute asthmatic attacks has been debated frequently. METHODS--In an open randomised study 25 patients with severe acute asthma who presented to the emergency department were treated with either a combined nebulised salbutamol (5 mg/dose) and aminophylline infusion (0.6-0.9 mg/kg/hour), or nebulised salbutamol alone. RESULTS--The responses to treatment as measured by peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the time taken to achieve maximum PEF were similar in both groups. Side effects were observed more commonly in patients receiving the combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS--Nebulised salbutamol is equally efficacious in acute asthma when given alone or in combination with aminophylline.
TCT-761 Complications of Alcohol Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy with Focus on Complete Heart Block: A European Multicenter Study
Authors: Josef Veselka, Thorsten Lawrenz, Christoph Stellbrink, David Zemanek, Marian Branny, Jaroslav Januska, Ladislav Groch, Pawel Dimitrow, Jan Krejci, Maciej Dabrowski, Stanislav Mizera, Horst Kuhn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Shostakovich's sonata for viola and piano
Authors: D. O'Neill
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The viola is an instrument dark in tone and portent. It adds an often underappreciated depth and timbre, but is rarely to the fore in the orchestra. However, in the last century the viola became the vehicle for the final expressions of many of the great composers, including Brahms, Bartok, Britten, Schnittke, and Shostakovich. No other instrument so tellingly combines such sweetness, depth, melancholy, and richness.

The final testaments of these composers offer insights into the last stages of life and approaching death that are pertinent to all doctors who work with the ageing and dying. This is particularly the …
Dose-response relationship between physical activity and mental health: the Scottish Health Survey
Authors: M Hamer, E Stamatakis, A Steptoe
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Objectives: Regular physical activity is thought to be associated with better mental health, although there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal amount and type of activity to achieve these benefits. The association between mental health and physical activity behaviours was examined among a representative sample of men and women from the Scottish Health Surveys. Methods: Self-reported physical activity was measured and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was administered in order to obtain information on current mental health. Participants were 19 842 men and women. Risk estimates per category of physical activity sessions per week were calculated using logistic regression models. Results: Psychological distress (based on a score of 4 or more on the GHQ-12) was evident in 3200 participants. Any form of daily physical activity was associated with a lower risk of psychological distress after adjustment for age, gender, social economic group, marital status, body mass index, long-standing illness, smoking and survey year (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.66, p&lt;0.001). A dose-response relationship was apparent, with moderate reductions in psychological distress with less frequent activity (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.75). Different types of activities including domestic (housework and gardening), walking and sports were all independently associated with lower odds of psychological distress, although the strongest effects were observed for sports (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.82). Conclusion: Mental health benefits were observed at a minimal level of at least 20 min/week of any physical activity, although a dose-response pattern was demonstrated with greater risk reduction for activity at a higher volume and/or intensity.
Oscillations and chaos in renal blood flow control.
Authors: N H Holstein-Rathlou
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

In normotensive, halothane-anesthetized rats, oscillations can be found both in the single-nephron blood flow and in the tubular pressure. Experimental data and computer simulations support the hypothesis that the oscillations are caused by the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism. Model studies show that the key parameters determining the stability of the TGF system are the open loop gain of the system and the time delays in the signal transmission through the various components of the feedback loop. Within a broad range of parameters, the system is unstable and has self-sustained stable oscillations. The parameter range where model studies show instability overlaps with the physiologic range for the values of the same parameters. The system appears to be poised on the border between stability and oscillation, and a small parameter change may cause the system to move from one state to the other. In renovascular and spontaneously hypertensive rats, regular oscillations give way to highly irregular, chaotic fluctuations. The chaotic fluctuations appear to have the same mechanism as the regular TGF-mediated oscillations. The irregular fluctuations most likely represent a parameter-dependent transition from a limit cycle (regular oscillation) to deterministic chaos. The key parameters causing the transition have not been identified. Associated with the difference in the dynamics of TGF between normotensive and hypertensive rats is a change in the dynamic autoregulation of total RBF. This is especially prominent in the frequency range in which TGF operates, and it is suggested that a causal relationship may exist between the two phenomena. This difference may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension by altering the renal response to the normal fluctuations in arterial pressure.
Dietary n-3 fatty acids promote arrhythmias during acute regional myocardial ischemia in isolated pig hearts☆
Authors: R CORONEL, F WILMSSCHOPMAN, H DENRUIJTER, C BELTERMAN, C SCHUMACHER, T OPTHOF, R HOVENIER, A LEMMENS, A TERPSTRA, M KATAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objective: Dietary supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 fatty acids reduces mortality in patients with myocardial infarction, but may have adverse effects in angina patients. The underlying electrophysiologic mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the arrhythmias and the electrophysiologic changes during regional ischemia in hearts from pigs fed a diet rich in fish oil.