tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nutrition and Physical Activity During and After Cancer Treatment: An American Cancer Society Guide for Informed Choices
Authors: C. Doyle, L. H. Kushi, T. Byers, K. S. Courneya, W. Demark-Wahnefried, B. Grant, A. McTiernan, C. L. Rock, C. Thompson, T. Gansler, K. S. Andrews
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2006)

Cancer survivors are often highly motivated to seek information about food choices, physical activity, and dietary supplement use to improve their treatment outcomes, quality of life, and survival. To address these concerns, the American Cancer Society (ACS) convened a group of experts in nutrition, physical activity, and cancer to evaluate the scientific evidence and best clinical practices related to optimal nutrition and physical activity after the diagnosis of cancer. This report summarizes their findings and is intended to present health care providers with the best possible information from which to help cancer survivors and their families make informed choices related to nutrition and physical activity. The report discusses nutrition and physical activity issues during the phases of cancer treatment and recovery, living after recovery from treatment, and living with advanced cancer; select nutrition and physical activity issues such as body weight, food choices, and food safety; issues related to select cancer sites; and common questions about diet, physical activity, and cancer survivorship.
High frequency of venous thromboembolic events in Churg–Strauss syndrome, Wegener’s granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis but not polyarteritis nodosa: a systematic retrospective study on 1130 patients
Authors: Y Allenbach, R Seror, C Pagnoux, L Teixeira, P Guilpain, L Guillevin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To determine the frequency and risk factors of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and, the so far unstudied, Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN).Retrospective, systematic analysis and comparisons were made between the characteristics of patients in the VTE group and non-VTE group. 1130 patients with WG, MPA, CSS or PAN were identified from the French Vasculitis Study Group cohort.During a mean follow-up of 58.4 (45.8) months, 83 VTE occurred in 74 (6.5%) patients, with a median vasculitis-VTE diagnosis interval of 5.8 months (-3 to +156). VTE occurred in seven of 285 (2.5%) patients with PAN, 19 of 232 (8.2%) with CSS, 30 of 377 (8%) with WG and 18 of 236 (7.6%) with MPA. Multivariate analysis retained age, male sex or previous VTE or stroke with motor deficit as being associated with a higher VTE risk. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for VTE was 2.88 (1.27 to 6.50) for patients with WG, MPA or CSS compared with PAN (p = 0.01).Our results suggest that, like WG and MPA, patients with CSS are at a greater risk of VTE, than those with PAN. The reasons for this difference remain to be elucidated.
Overexpression of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Transamidase Subunits Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Class T and/or GPI Anchor Attachment 1 Induces Tumorigenesis and Contributes to Invasion in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Guojun Wu, Zhongmin Guo, Aditi Chatterjee, Xin Huang, Ethel Rubin, Feng Wu, Elizabeth Mambo, Xiaofei Chang, Motonobu Osada, Myoung Sook Kim, Chulso Moon, Joseph A. Califano, Edward A. Ratovitski, Susanne M. Gollin, Saraswati Sukumar, David Sidransky, Barry Trink
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Based on the oncogenic role of phosphatidylinositol glycan (PIG) class U in human tumors, we explored the role of two additional subunits of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase complex in human breast cancer. We found that PIG class T (PIG-T) and GPI anchor attachment 1 (GPAA1) were overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Forced expression of PIG-T and GPAA1 transformed NIH3T3 cells in vitro and increased tumorigenicity and invasion of these cells in vivo. Suppression of PIG-T expression in breast cancer cell lines led to inhibition of anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, we found that PIG-T and GPAA1 expression levels positively correlated with paxillin phosphorylation in invasive breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, suppression of PIG-T and GPAA1 expression led to a decrease in paxillin phosphorylation with a concomitant decrease in invasion ability. These results suggest that the GPI transamidase complex is composed of a group of proto-oncogenes that individually or as a group contribute to breast cancer growth. This aberrant growth is mediated, at least partially, by phosphorylation of paxillin, contributing to invasion and progression of breast cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 9829-36) (Cancer Res 2006; 66(20): 9829-36)
Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of RA
Authors: J L Nam, K L Winthrop, R F van Vollenhoven, K Pavelka, G Valesini, E M A Hensor, G Worthy, R Landewé, J S Smolen, P Emery, M H Buch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objectives To review the evidence for the efficacy and safety of biological agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide data to develop treatment recommendations by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Task Force. Methods Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles on infliximab (IFX), etanercept (ETN), adalimumab (ADA), certolizumab-pegol (CZP), golimumab (GLM), anakinra (ANA), abatacept (ABT), rituximab (RTX) and tocilizumab (TCZ) published between 1962 and February 2009; published abstracts from the 2007–2008 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and EULAR conference were obtained. Results 87 articles and 40 abstracts were identified. In methotrexate (MTX) naïve patients, biological therapy with IFX, ETN, ADA, GLM or ABT has been shown to improve clinical outcomes (level of evidence 1B). In MTX/other synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) failures all nine biological agents confer benefit (1B), with lower efficacy noted for ANA. RTX, ABT, TCZ and GLM demonstrate efficacy in tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) failures (1B). Less evidence exists for switching between IFX, ETN and ADA (3B). Biological and MTX combination therapy is more efficacious than a biological agent alone (1B). A safety review shows no increased malignancy risk compared with conventional DMARDs (3B). TNFi are generally associated with an increased risk of serious bacterial infection, particularly within the first 6 months of treatment initiation; increased tuberculosis (TB) rates with TNFi are highest with the monoclonal antibodies (3B). Conclusions There is good evidence for the efficacy of biological agents in patients with RA. Safety data confirm an increased risk of bacterial infection and TB with TNFi compared with conventional DMARDs.
Reversal of defective nerve conduction with vitamin E supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a preliminary study.
Authors: N B Tütüncü, M Bayraktar, K Varli
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The present study has examined the effect of vitamin E, the principal modulator of free radical activity, on electrophysiological parameters in patients with diabetic peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy, matched for duration of disease and metabolic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 21 subjects with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study (vitamin E, 11 patients; placebo, 10 patients). Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 900 mg vitamin E or placebo for 6 months. The average dietary vitamin E consumption of the subjects was similar during the study. The main outcome measure was the electrophysiological tests assessing nerve conduction. Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1, postprandial plasma glucose, and electrophysiological parameters in the basal state and after 6 months of treatment were studied. RESULTS: Glycemic indexes did not show any significant changes during the study, whereas nerve conduction improved significantly in 2 of the 12 studied electrophysiological parameters after 6 months in patients on vitamin E supplementation. The changes in the electrophysiological parameters were obvious in the median motor nerve fibers and tibial motor nerve fibers. Nerve conduction velocity in the median motor nerve fibers (P = 0.0019) and tibial motor nerve distal latency (P = 0.0284) improved significantly after 6 months of vitamin E supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that defective nerve conduction in diabetic subjects with mild-to-moderate peripheral neuropathy may be improved by pharmacological doses of vitamin E supplementation. Further studies with a larger number of patients for longer periods of time are needed.
Can we afford the welfare state?
Authors: J Le Grand
Journal: BMJ (1993)

option of smaller rural maternity units and units managed by midwives for low risk cases.'4The Expert Maternity Group has also proposed comprehensive antenatal and natal care by small teams of midwives for women with uncomplicated pregnancies.'5 16 Caesarean Birth in Britain makes recommendations in line with these reports: more information on possible places of birth and packages of maternity care and smaller teams of midwives to look after identified caseloads of women throughout their pregnancy, birth, and the postnatal period.'A more critical attitude by obstetricians may well help to avoid unnecessary interventions, though it may be just as important to have an organisation providing maternity care 1
Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review
Authors: Bradley M Mathers, Louisa Degenhardt, Benjamin Phillips, Lucas Wiessing, Matthew Hickman, Steffanie A Strathdee, Alex Wodak, Samiran Panda, Mark Tyndall, Abdalla Toufik, Richard P Mattick
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Magselectofection: an integrated method of nanomagnetic separation and genetic modification of target cells
Authors: Yolanda Sanchez-Antequera, Olga Mykhaylyk, Niek P. van Til, Arzu Cengizeroglu, J. Henk de Jong, Marshall W. Huston, Martina Anton, Ian C. D. Johnston, Zygmunt Pojda, Gerard Wagemaker, Christian Plank
Journal: Blood (2011)
Cognition, sleep and respiration in at-risk children treated for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: H. E. Montgomery-Downs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Sleep-disordered breathing in children has been associated with cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&amp;A) on sleep, respiration and cognitive function in children of pre-school age with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) from a low-income community population. Altogether, 19 children attending state-funded pre-school programmes underwent overnight polysomnography and cognitive assessment before and following surgical treatment for OSA; 19 matched controls were also assessed. Following T&amp;A, OSA subjects9 delta sleep increased, rapid eye movement sleep decreased, and respiratory and arousal indices improved. There were no significant differences in OSA subjects9 post-operative sleep or respiratory measures compared to controls. Prior to T&amp;A, cognitive scores were significantly lower in OSA subjects <i>versus</i> controls; following T&amp;A, OSA subjects9 scores improved compared to pre-operative scores and did not differ from those of matched controls. Following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, at-risk pre-schoolers recruited directly from the community showed normalised sleep and respiratory patterns and improved cognitive scores. These findings, in this uniquely vulnerable population, which is unlikely to seek evaluation and treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea, underscore the potential value of outreach screening programmes for sleep-disordered breathing, particularly among low-income groups of pre-school age.
Association of persisting IgA response with yersinia triggered reactive arthritis: a study on 104 patients.
Authors: A Toivanen, R Lahesmaa-Rantala, R Vuento, K Granfors
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Twelve to 16 months after Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 enteritis 33 (85%) of the 39 patients who developed reactive arthritis as a postinfection complication had IgA class and 28 (72%) had IgG class anti-yersinia antibodies. In contrast, 7 (32%) of the 22 patients who did not develop arthritis were positive in the IgA test and 11 (50%) positive in the IgG test. The results were about the same when the material was divided into cases with diagnosis of yersiniosis verified by stool culture or by serology. These results confirm the value of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of yersiniosis, particularly in cases with postinfection complications when the stool isolations remain negative.
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Incidence of Bacterial Pneumonia in Patients with Advanced HIV Infection
Authors: JEFFREY H. SULLIVAN, RICHARD D. MOORE, JEANNE C. KERULY, RICHARD E. CHAISSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

To determine the relationship of combination antiretroviral therapy and bacterial pneumonia, we assessed incidence of and risk factors for bacterial pneumonia in 1,898 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with CD4 cell counts < 200/mm3 followed in the Johns Hopkins HIV clinic between 1993 and 1998. A total of 352 episodes of bacterial pneumonia occurred during 2,310 patient-years of follow-up. Incidence of bacterial pneumonia decreased from 22.7 episodes/100 person-years (py) in the first half of 1993 to 12.3 episodes/100 py in the first half of 1996, reaching a nadir of 9.1 episodes/100 py in the second half of 1997 (p < 0.05). The use of protease inhibitor–containing regimens was associated with a decreased risk of bacterial pneumonia (risk ratio [RR] 0.55, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.94). Lower CD4 cell counts (RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.54 to 3.18), injection drug use as HIV transmission category (RR2.0, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.76), and prior Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (RR 3.88, 95% CI 1.65 to 9.16) were also significantly associated with bacterial pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and macrolide use were not significantly associated with risk of bacterial pneumonia. There has been a dramatic decline in the incidence of bacterial pneumonia resulting from the use of combination antiretroviral therapy containing protease inhibitors.
Genetic Alterations and Personalized Medicine in Melanoma: Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: K. G. Griewank, R. A. Scolyer, J. F. Thompson, K. T. Flaherty, D. Schadendorf, R. Murali
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

High-throughput sequencing technologies are providing new insights into the genetic alterations involved in melanomagenesis. It appears likely that most genetic events important in the pathogenesis of melanoma will be discovered over the next few years. Genetic analysis is also increasingly being used to direct patient care. In parallel with the discovery of new genes and the elucidation of molecular pathways important in the development of melanoma, therapies targeting these pathways are becoming available. In other words, the age of personalized medicine has arrived, characterized by molecular profiling of melanoma to identify the relevant genetic alterations and the abnormal signaling mechanisms involved, followed by selection of optimal, individualized therapies. In this review, we summarize the key genetic alterations in melanoma and the development of targeted agents against melanomas bearing specific mutations. These developments in melanoma serve as a model for the implementation of personalized medicine for patients with all cancers.
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and lung cancer: the BTS study
Authors: J M Harris, I D A Johnston, R Rudd, A J N. Taylor, P Cullinan
Journal: Thorax (2009)

<h3>Background:</h3> The risk of lung cancer is often reported to be increased for patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA). <h3>Methods:</h3> Vital status was sought for all 588 members of the British Thoracic Society (BTS) cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) study 11 years after entry to the cohort. Observed deaths due to lung cancer were compared with expected deaths using age-, sex- and period-adjusted national rates. The roles of reported asbestos exposure and smoking were also investigated. <h3>Results:</h3> 488 cohort members (83%) had died; 46 (9%) were certified to lung cancer (ICD9 162). The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was 7.4 (95% CI 5.4 to 9.9). Stratified analysis showed increased lung cancer mortality among younger subjects, men and ever smokers. Using an independent expert panel, 25 cohort members (4%) were considered to have at least moderate exposure to asbestos; the risk of lung cancer was increased for these subjects (SMR 13.1 (95% CI 3.6 to 33.6)) vs 7.2 (95% CI 5.2 to 9.7) for those with less or no asbestos exposure). Ever smoking was reported by 448 (73%) of the cohort and was considerably higher in men than in women (92% vs 49%; p&lt;0.001). Most persons who died from lung cancer were male (87%), and all but two (96%) had ever smoked. Ever smokers presented at a younger age (mean 67 vs 70 years; p&lt;0.001) and with less breathlessness (12% smokers reported no breathlessness vs 5% never smokers; p = 0.02). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> These findings confirm an association between CFA and lung cancer although this relationship may not be causal. The high rate of smoking and evidence that smokers present for medical attention earlier than non-smokers suggest that smoking could be confounding this association.
Beneficial effects of high dose of L-arginine on airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma
Authors: Ulaganathan Mabalirajan, Tanveer Ahmad, Geeta Devi Leishangthem, Duraisamy Arul Joseph, Amit Kumar Dinda, Anurag Agrawal, Balaram Ghosh
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Influence of repetitive open sea dives and physical exercises on right-to-left shunting in healthy divers
Authors: J-E Blatteau, C Pény, J-M Pontier, E Gempp, P Louge
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Paradoxical gas embolism through right-to-left (R/L) shunts is considered as a potential cause of certain types of decompression sickness.To assess whether 4 months of repetitive diving and strenuous exercises would lead to an increased prevalence of R/L shunting in a group of military divers.Using a standardised contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler technique, 17 divers were re-examined for the presence of a R/L shunt 4 months after their initial examinations. R/L shunts were classified as type I if observed only after a straining manoeuvre, and type II if present at rest.Initial prevalence of R/L shunt was 41%: six type I shunts and one type II. At the second examination, prevalence was 47%, with the appearance of one type I shunt that was not previously present. We found no significant increase in the prevalence and size of R/L shunts.It is speculated that diving-related phenomena, such as variations in right atrial pressures during the end stages of or events immediately after a dive could generate an R/L shunt. However, extreme conditions of repetitive diving and strenuous exercises do not cause permanent modification in R/L permeability over a period of 4 months.
Response of Anoxic C3H Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Isotransplants (1–25 mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) to X Irradiation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Herman D. Suit, Robert J. Shalek
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

First-generation isotransplants of the C3H mouse mammary carcinoma growing in the mouse ear were irradiated, under conditions of anoxia, when they were 1 to 25 mm3. The median tumor volume was 4.6 mm3, and the isotransplants were estimated to contain 6 × 106 viable cells. A dose of 4975 rads yielded a 180-day local control in one half of the tumors. D37 values (37% survival dose) for the cells of these tumors, estimated for survival fractions equivalent to 1, 10, and 100 cells after a dose of 4975 rads, ranged from 306 to 426 rads (assuming N = 2). The delay produced in the growth curve of tumors receiving 930 to 4650 rads was analyzed to determine the survival fraction of tumor. A least-squares line calculated from the survival fractions of 133 tumors (log-linear plot of survival fraction against dose) had a slope indicating a D37 value of 458 ± 44 rads; extrapolation of this line to zero dose gave a Y intercept of 2 (± 1, SE 1–4).
Oral bacterial disease and the science of cellular conversation
Authors: B. Henderson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

An explosion of discovery between 1870 and the early 1900s identified the major bacterial pathogens of Homo sapiens, and in the 1930s Domagk's work on sulpha compounds and Fleming's luck with Penicillium notatum initiated our love affair with antibiotics. The 1950s brought apparent victory in our war with bacteria, and so research in microbiology switched to other sources of human infection, principally the virus; but the rapid escalation of antibiotic resistance in the past two decades has led to a renaissance in bacteriological research and the development of a new science, cellular microbiology1,2,3,4—a fusion of classic microbiology and cell biology with major inputs from molecular and structural biology.
Autonomic dysfunction and hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis with ascites
Authors: Franco Trevisani, Giuseppe Sica, Paola Mainquà, Giuseppina Santese, Stefania De Notariis, Paolo Caraceni, Marco Domenicali, Fabio Zacà, Gian Luca Grazi, Alighieri Mazziotti, Antonino Cavallari, Mauro Bernardi
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Patients with advanced cirrhosis frequently show hemodynamic abnormalities. Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is also common and, owing to the importance of autonomic function in cardiovascular homeostasis, it may be involved in the pathogenesis of the hyperdynamic circulation. We, therefore, evaluated the hemodynamic status and autonomic function in 30 patients with cirrhosis, most of them with an advanced stage of the disease. Autonomic function was assessed with 7 cardiovascular tests exploring the vagal or sympathetic function. Each test was scored from 1 to 3 (normal, borderline, altered). Cardiac index (CI) was measured by an echocardiogram. Twenty-four (80%) patients showed an AD, this being definite in 14 (47%) patients. A vagal dysfunction (VD) was found in 19 patients (63%), this being definite in 11 patients (37%), and a sympathetic dysfunction (SD) in 7 patients (definite in 3 [10%] patients). The patients with AD showed a faster heart rate ( P = .021), lower indicized peripheral vascular resistance ( P = .013), and increased CI ( P = .004) than patients without AD whereas mean arterial pressure did not differ. Similar results were seen by grouping patients according to the VD. AD score was directly correlated with heart rate ( r = 0.53; P = .002) and CI ( r = 0.45; P = .016), and inversely correlated with peripheral vascular resistance ( r = 0.46; P = .013). Even closer correlations were found with vagal score. AD (mainly VD) may be involved in the pathogenesis of the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome of patients with advanced cirrhosis.