tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Epidemiology of Bacillary Angiomatosis and Bacillary Peliosis
Authors: J W Tappero, J Mohle-Boetani, J E Koehler, B Swaminathan, T G Berger, P E LeBoit, L L Smith, J D Wenger, R W Pinner, C A Kemper
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To determine environmental risk factors for bacillary angiomatosis-bacillary peliosis (BAP), and to confirm infection with Rochalimaea species.Case-control study.Community and university hospitals and clinics.Case patients (N = 48) had biopsy-confirmed BAP. Controls (N = 94) were matched to patients by institution and by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serological status.Clinical information was obtained from medical records. Subjects were queried about environmental exposures. Univariate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined. Bivariate analyses were performed on variables associated with disease by univariate analysis. DNA from 22 available case-patient tissues and from 22 control tissues was amplified with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers designed to detect Rochalimaea species.We identified five HIV-negative, immunocompetent case patients; one HIV-negative, immunodeficient case patient; and 42 HIV-positive case patients. There were no significant differences between case patients and controls by race, sex, age, or risk factors for HIV infection. Owning a cat (OR, 2.8; CI, 1.4 to 5.8) and history of a recent cat lick (OR, 1.95; CI, 1.0 to 3.8), cat scratch (OR, 3.7; CI, 1.7 to 8.0), or cat bite (OR, 3.9; CI, 1.8 to 8.9) were associated with disease in the univariate analysis. In bivariate analyses, only the variables representing traumatic contact with a cat (bite or scratch) remained associated with disease. No other environmental exposure was associated with disease. The PCR amplified a DNA fragment of the size expected for Rochalimaea species in all 22 case-patient tissue specimens.These data suggest that BAP is a new zoonosis associated with both traumatic exposure to cats and infection with Rochalimaea species or a closely related organism.
Gastric lesions in portal hypertension: inflammatory gastritis or congestive gastropathy?
Authors: T T McCormack, J Sims, I Eyre-Brook, H Kennedy, J Goepel, A G Johnson, D R Triger
Journal: Gut (1985)

This paper reports the incidence and natural history of macroscopic gastritis in a series of 127 consecutive patients with portal hypertension of various aetiologies. Gastritis was observed endoscopically in 65 patients (51%) and was of two main types. Twenty eight patients had severe or persistent gastritis which caused clinically significant bleeding on 80 occasions and accounted for 25% of the bleeds from all sources. The remainder had mild gastritis. The presence of gastritis seemed to be independent of the severity of liver disease or the degree of rise of wedged hepatic venous pressure and there was no difference in age, sex, or drugs prescribed in patients with or without gastritis. The mean follow up period and the mean number of sclerotherapy treatments was significantly greater (p less than 0.005) in patients with gastritis. Full thickness gastric biopsies in seven surgical patients and 11 autopsy specimens showed dilated and tortuous submucosal veins. Endoscopic biopsies in 14 patients showed vascular ectasia in the mucosal layer which was in excess of the degree of inflammatory infiltrate. Gastritis occurred in patients with portal hypertension of all common aetiologies and the clinical and pathological evidence supports the contention that it reflects a congested gastric mucosa and should be renamed congestive gastropathy. As injection sclerotherapy improves survival from variceal bleeding congestive gastropathy may become more common. The response to conventional ('anti-erosive') therapy is poor and measures aimed at reducing the gastric portal pressure may be the only effective means of treating this condition.
STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS
Authors: J. Heng Liu, Ernest Sturm, James B. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

An erythema dose of x-rays given direct to the exposed subcutaneous tissue and muscle greatly diminishes the susceptibility of the exposed area to transplanted cancer. The same dose given over the intact skin does not affect the resisting power of the underlying subcutaneous tissue. Histological examination shows that a few days after the exposure of the subcutaneous tissue there is a lymphoid infiltration of this tissue, which infiltration sometimes includes the muscle layers as well.
A simple test to diagnose iritis.
Authors: E M Talbot
Journal: BMJ (1987)

CommentNear visual tests stimulate accommodation and constriction of pupils, which increase the forces transmitted to the pain receptors in the root of the iris, 1 causing an exacerbation of pain in the iritic eye.The finger to nose convergence test does not depend on good vision because the synkinetic response is also stimulated by proprioception.It is-not significantly affected by posterior synechias (X2=2O0; 0-25>p>0-10), and the result is positive even in cases of iritis secondary to keratitis and foreign bodies.For each patient with iritis the test will detect a false positive case, but this is not tOO onerous as iritis iS uncommon.
Hepatitis C virus RNA kinetics in chimeric mice with human hepatocytes during antiviral therapy
Authors: Kazuaki Inoue, Tsunamasa Watanabe, Makoto Yoshiba, Michinori Kohara
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

We thank Drs. Dahari and Perelson for their interesting comment which allows us to discuss the mathematical model as an interpretation of the antiviral effects of interferon (IFN) and newly developed antivirals. DEBIO-025 is a potent cyclophilin inhibitor that suppresses hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in the replicon system and chimeric mice model.1, 2 In a recent clinical trial in patients coinfected with HCV-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Poland, mean HCV viral load decreased 3.6 log10 after 2 weeks treatment with DEBIO-025 1200 mg BID monotherapy.3 Recently developed kinetic models of HCV RNA decay induced by IFN therapy, which were formulated by close monitoring of HCV RNA and aminotransferase levels before and after the start of IFN treatment, provide a useful means of assessing IFN treatment.4 However, these are not sufficient to assess the effects of new compounds alone or in combination therapy. Viral decay during DEBIO-025 monotherapy in coinfected patients fits the biphasic viral kinetic model.5 However, in chimeric mice infected with genotype 1b viral decay was not biphasic,2 because it lacked the second phase decline, probably because these SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice lack both T cells and B cells. In this chimeric mouse model, serum alanine aminotransferase and albumin levels do not change with treatment.2 This is possibly due to poor elimination of infected hepatocytes by the host-immune response, but we do not have any data on human hepatocyte death or turnover rate in our chimeric mice. Therefore, we cannot verify the validity of the current HCV dynamic model in which short-term cell death is the central premise. As Dahari and Perelson mentioned, IFN induces biphasic decay of HCV RNA without cell death in the replicon system. Therefore, we believe that the second phase of viral decay is not necessary accompanied by cell death. We agree with the refined recent model.6 Generally speaking, intracellular HCV RNA is divided into 2 components based on differences in IFN sensitivity, and decay of HCV RNA may show a biphasic pattern. We also should consider the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of new compounds, especially if they have unique biological and pharmacological effects, in order to construct an even more accurate predictive model of HCV RNA decay. Kazuaki Inoue* , Tsunamasa Watanabe* , Makoto Yoshiba*, Michinori Kohara , * Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Arterial Structure and Function After Recovery From the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Juha Koskinen, Costan G. Magnussen, Leena Taittonen, Leena Räsänen, Vera Mikkilä, Tomi Laitinen, Tapani Rönnemaa, Mika Kähönen, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari, Markus Juonala
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The reversibility of ultrasonographic vascular changes associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) recovery is unknown. We examined whether spontaneous recovery from MetS (according to the International Diabetes Federation definition) has a favorable effect on vascular properties and evaluated the associations between lifestyle factors and MetS recovery.We measured carotid artery intima-media thickness, distensibility, and brachial flow-mediated dilatation by ultrasound in 1673 subjects of the Young Finns Study cohort (age, 31.5+/-5.0 years in 2001) who participated in follow-up studies in 2001 and 2007. At baseline, no differences in intima-media thickness, carotid artery distensibility, or flow-mediated dilatation were observed between the recovery group (baseline-only MetS) and those with incident (only at follow-up) or persistent (both at baseline and follow-up) MetS. After 6 years, the recovery group had smaller intima-media thickness (mean+/-SEM, 0.62+/-0.01 versus 0.68+/-0.01 mm; P=0.0009) and higher carotid artery distensibility (1.98+/-0.07%/mm Hg versus 1.56+/-0.04%/mm Hg; P=0.001) compared with the persistent group and higher flow-mediated dilatation compared with the control group (9.91+/-0.51% versus 8.57+/-0.12%; P=0.03). The recovery group had reduced intima-media thickness progression compared with the persistent group (0.036+/-0.005 versus 0.079+/-0.010 mm; P=0.001) and reduced carotid artery distensibility change compared with the incident group (-0.12+/-0.05%/mm Hg versus -0.38+/-0.10%/mm Hg; P=0.03) over the 6-year follow-up. Differences in carotid artery distensibility levels were attenuated (P=0.11) after the inclusion of weight change in the models. MetS recovery was paralleled with significant reductions in waist circumference that independently correlated with increased physical activity and increased attention paid to health habits during the follow-up.Recovery from the MetS was associated with positive effects on vascular properties during a 6-year follow-up period of young adults.
Tacrolimus versus mycophenolate mofetil for induction therapy of lupus nephritis: a randomised controlled trial and long-term follow-up
Authors: Chi Chiu Mok, King Yee Ying, Cheuk Wan Yim, Yui Pong Siu, Ka Hang Tong, Chi Hung To, Woon Leung Ng
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> To compare the efficacy of tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the initial therapy of lupus nephritis (LN). <h3>Study design</h3> This is an open randomised controlled parallel group study. <h3>Methods</h3> Adult patients with biopsy-confirmed active LN (class III/IV/V) were randomised to receive prednisolone (0.6 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks and tapered) in combination with either TAC (0.06–0.1 mg/kg/day) or MMF (2–3 g/day) for 6 months. Good responders were shifted to azathioprine for maintenance. The primary outcome was the rate of complete renal response (CR) at 6 months and the secondary outcomes included partial renal response, renal flares and decline of renal function over time. <h3>Results</h3> 150 patients (92% women; aged 35.5±12.8 years; 81% class III/IV) were randomised (76 MMF, 74 TAC). At month 6, the rate of CR was 59% in the MMF and 62% in the TAC group (treatment difference: 3.0% (−12%, 18%); p=0.71). Major infective episodes occurred in 9.2% patients treated with MMF and in 5.4% patients treated with TAC (p=0.53). Maintenance therapy with azathioprine was given to 79% patients. After 60.8±26 months, proteinuric and nephritic renal flares developed in 24% and 18% of patients in the MMF group and 35% (p=0.12) and 27% (p=0.21) in the TAC group, respectively. The cumulative incidence of a composite outcome of decline of creatinine clearance by ≥30%, development of chronic kidney disease stage 4/5 or death was 21% in the MMF and 22% in the TAC group of patients (p=0.35). <h3>Conclusions</h3> TAC is non-inferior to MMF, when combined with prednisolone, for induction therapy of active LN. With azathioprine maintenance for 5 years, a non-significant trend of higher incidence of renal flares and renal function decline is observed with the TAC regimen. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> Hospital Authority Research Ethics Committee Clinical Trial Registry (HARECCTR0500018; Hong Kong) and US ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00371319).
“Impact of maternal asthma on perinatal outcomes.” F. Firoozi, C. Lemière, M-F. Beauchesne, S. Perreault, A. Forget, and L. Blais.
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

The are conflicting results concerning the impact of maternal asthma during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes. We investigated the associations between maternal asthma during pregnancy and the risk of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant, a low-birth-weight (LBW) infant, and preterm birth using a large population-based cohort.

A population-based cohort of 40,788 pregnancies from asthmatic and non-asthmatic females was reconstructed through the linking of three Quebec (Canada) administrative databases between 1990 and 2002. A two-stage sampling cohort design was used to collect additional information by way of a mailed questionnaire. The generalized estimation equation models were used to obtain adjusted odds ratios of SGA, LBW and preterm birth comparing asthmatic and non-asthmatic females.

The cohort included 13,007 pregnancies from asthmatic and 27,781 pregnancies from non-asthmatic females. Final estimates showed that the risk of SGA (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14–1.41), LBW (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22–1.63) and preterm delivery (OR: 1.64, 95%CI:1.46–1.83) was significantly higher among asthmatic than non-asthmatic females.

Mothers with asthma during pregnancy have a higher risk of having SGA, LBW, or preterm birth infants than non-asthmatic females. However, external validity might be an issue since the cohort under represents females with high socio-economic status.
LONG-TERM SAFETY OF CONCOMITANT USE OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS AND H2 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS WITH THIENOPYRIDINES IN THE SETTING OF CORONARY STENTING
Authors: Matthew Butler, Christopher Buckley, Calvin Madrigal, Arun Raghav Mahankali Sridhar, Buddhadeb Dawn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cohort Study of Somatostatin-Based Radiopeptide Therapy With [<sup>90</sup>Y-DOTA]-TOC Versus [<sup>90</sup>Y-DOTA]-TOC Plus [<sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTA]-TOC in Neuroendocrine Cancers
Authors: Linda Villard, Anna Romer, Nicolas Marincek, Philippe Brunner, Michael T. Koller, Christian Schindler, Quinn K.T. Ng, Helmut R. Mäcke, Jan Müller-Brand, Christoph Rochlitz, Matthias Briel, Martin A. Walter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Radiopeptide therapy is commonly performed with a single radioisotope. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of somatostatin-based radiopeptide therapy with a single versus a combination of radioisotopes.In a cohort study, patients with metastasized neuroendocrine cancer were treated with repeated cycles of (90)yttrium-labeled tetraazacyclododecane-tetraacetic acid modified Tyr-octreotide ([(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC) or with cycles alternating between [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC and (177)lutetium-labeled DOTA-TOC ([(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC) until tumor progression or permanent toxicity. Multivariable Cox regression and competing risk regression were used to study predictors of survival and renal toxicity in patients completing three or more treatment cycles.A total of 486 patients completed three or more treatment cycles; 237 patients received [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC and 249 patients received [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC + [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC. Patients receiving [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC + [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC had a significantly longer survival than patients receiving [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC alone (5.51 v 3.96 years; hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.88; P = .006). The rates of severe hematologic toxicities (6.3% v 4.4%; P = .25) and severe renal toxicity (8.9% v 11.2%; P = .47) were comparable in both groups.[(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC + [(177)Lu-DOTA]-TOC was associated with improved overall survival compared with [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC alone in patients completing three or more cycles of treatment. Contrary to the current practice in radiopeptide therapy, our results suggest an advantage of using a combination of radioisotopes.
Breakdown of C3 after complement activation. Identification of a new fragment C3g, using monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: P J Lachmann, M K Pangburn, R G Oldroyd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The physiological breakdown of C3 has been studied using monoclonal anti-C3 antibodies, and it has been found that the later stages of this process--the breakdown of C3bi--is more complex than had previously been recognized. C3bi is the reaction product produced from C3b by the action of factor I which, in the presence of factor H, produces a double cleavage in the alpha chain of C3b. It is here reported that, both on cells and in the fluid phase, the breakdown of C3bi in serum gives rise to two products: C3c and the product previously described as alpha 2D, which we now propose to designate C3d,g. Alpha 2D differs from C3d in that it contains an additional fragment of approximately 8,000 mol wt that carries the antigenic determinant for the clone 9 monoclonal anti-C3 antibody. C3g cannot be precipitated by anti-C3 antisera and therefore behaves as a uni- or bideterminant antigen. The cleavage of C3d,g to C3d and C3g does not occur in sterile serum. It is also still uncertain what enzyme cleaves C3bi to C3c and C3d,g in plasma. Plasmin can do so in vitro, but plasminogen-depleted serum can still produce the cleavage. The antigenic determinant recognized by clone 9 in C3 is not exposed in C3 or C3b, but appears as a neoantigen in C3bi (and in C3d,g). Anti-C3g therefore is a potentially useful ligand for detecting complement-activation products. C3g represents a new, highly anionic C3 fragment and seems not to be identical with the C3e fragment described by others.
Decreased birefringence of the superficial zone collagen network in the canine knee (stifle) articular cartilage after long distance running training, detected by quantitative polarised light microscopy.
Authors: J P Arokoski, M M Hyttinen, T Lapvetelainen, P Takacs, B Kosztaczky, L Modis, V Kovanen, H Helminen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a one year programme of running training (up to 40 km/day for 15 weeks) on the spatial orientation pattern of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage in different parts of the knee (stifle) and shoulder joints of young beagle dogs. METHODS: Area specific measurements of the optical path difference (= retardation, gamma) and the cartilage zone thickness were performed using conventional procedures and a new computer based quantitative polarised light microscopy method. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the zonal volume density of collagen fibrils. The concentrations of collagen and hydroxypyridinium crosslinks were investigated biochemically. RESULTS: Running training decreased gamma by 24-34% (p &lt; 0.05) in the superficial zone of the lateral femoral condyle articular cartilage and at the centre of the tibial condyles. Gamma of glycosaminoglycans decreased by 26% (p &lt; 0.05) in the superficial zone of the lateral condyle of the femur, but at the same site the volume density of collagen fibrils was unchanged. Neither the collagen concentration nor the concentration of hydroxypyridinium crosslinks was altered as a result of running. In both control and runner dogs, the thickness and gamma values of the superficial zone were greater in the humerus and the femur than in the tibia. CONCLUSION: Endurance type running exercise in beagles caused a reduction in the superficial zone birefringence of the articular cartilage, which indicates either a disorganisation or a reorientation of the superficial zone collagen network. Articular cartilage showed marked variability of collagen network organisation over the different knee (stifle) joint articular surfaces.
Safety of Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Children 6 to 23 Months Old
Authors: Simon J Hambidge, Jason M Glanz, Eric K France, David McClure, Stanley Xu, Kristi Yamasaki, Lisa Jackson, John P Mullooly, Kenneth M Zangwill, S Michael Marcy, Steven B Black, Edwin M Lewis, Henry R Shinefield, Edward Belongia, James Nordin, Robert T Chen, David K Shay, Robert L Davis, Frank DeStefano
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Beginning with the winter season of 2004-2005, influenza vaccination has been recommended for all children 6 to 23 months old in the United States. However, its safety in young children has not been adequately studied in large populations.To screen for medically attended events in the clinic, emergency department, or hospital after administration of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children 6 to 23 months old.Retrospective cohort using self-control analysis, with chart review of significant medically attended events at 8 managed care organizations in the United States that comprise the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Participants were all children in the Vaccine Safety Datalink cohort 6 to 23 months old who received trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine between January 1, 1991, and May 31, 2003 (45,356 children with 69,359 vaccinations).Any medically attended event significantly associated with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in risk windows 0 to 3 days, 1 to 14 days (primary analysis), 1 to 42 days, or 15 to 42 days after vaccination, compared with 2 control periods, one before vaccination and the second after the risk window. All individual ICD-9 codes as well as predefined aggregate codes were examined.Before chart review, only 1 diagnosis, gastritis/duodenitis, was more likely to occur in the 14 days after trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (matched odds ratio [OR], 5.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-24.81 for control period 1, and matched OR, 4.33; 95% CI, 1.23-15.21 for control period 2). Thirteen medically attended events were less likely to occur after trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, including acute upper respiratory tract infection, asthma, bronchiolitis, and otitis media. After chart review, gastritis/duodenitis was not significantly associated with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (matched OR, 4.00; 95% CI, 0.85-18.84 for control period 1; matched OR, 3.34; 95% CI, 0.92-12.11 for control period 2).In the largest population-based study to date of the safety of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in young children, there were very few medically attended events, none of which were serious, significantly associated with the vaccine. This study provides additional evidence supporting the safety of universally immunizing all children 6 to 23 months old with influenza vaccine.
The Regulator of G Protein Signaling Family
Authors: Luc De Vries, Bin Zheng, Thierry Fischer, Eric Elenko, Marilyn G. Farquhar
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2000)

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are responsible for the rapid turnoff of G protein–coupled receptor signaling pathways. The major mechanism whereby RGS proteins negatively regulate G proteins is via the GTPase activating protein activity of their RGS domain. Structural and mutational analyses have characterized the RGS/Gα interaction in detail, explaining the molecular mechanisms of the GTPase activating protein activity of RGS proteins. More than 20 RGS proteins have been isolated, and there are indications that specific RGS proteins regulate specific G protein–coupled receptor pathways. This specificity is probably created by a combination of cell type–specific expression, tissue distribution, intracellular localization, posttranslational modifications, and domains other than the RGS domain that link them to other signaling pathways. In this review we discuss what has been learned so far about the role of RGS proteins in regulating G protein–coupled receptor signaling and point out areas that may be fruitful for future research.