tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF BARLOW'S DISEASE EXPERIMENTALLY PRODUCED IN FETAL AND NEW-BORN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Alexandra Ingier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. Pronounced cases of Barlow's disease may be produced in the fetus as early as ten to fifteen days after the commencement of dieting pregnant guinea pigs with oats and water. There are wide individual variations. The scorbutic changes in the skeleton are greatest in the earlier embryonic stages. The fetuses of that period, with practically no exceptions, die and show marked traces of impeded growth. 2. Fetuses from the later period of pregnancy are born alive, and apparently fully developed, with comparatively slight changes in the osseous system. 3. Even a short extension of the period of extra-uterine dieting on milk from scorbutic mothers and later on oats and water is sufficient to change the latent scurvy into a highly pronounced case. 4. The fetus cannot be kept alive longer than the adult animal, about twenty-eight days, either by intra-uterine dieting alone or by combined intra- and extra-uterine dieting. 5. The mothers show signs of disease at an early period, and are more severely attacked than non-pregnant animals. Death also occurs comparatively often in the first period of gestation.
Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Produce Changes in Morphology and Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Ovarian Cancer Xenografts Revealing New Treatment Strategies
Authors: Dana Faratian, Annelien J.M. Zweemer, Yoko Nagumo, Andrew H. Sims, Morwenna Muir, Michael Dodds, Peter Mullen, Inhwa Um, Charlene Kay, Max Hasmann, David J. Harrison, Simon P. Langdon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects of HER2-directed combination therapy in ovarian cancer xenograft models to evaluate their potential. The combinations of trastuzumab and pertuzumab, and trastuzumab and aromatase inhibitor therapy were investigated. Experimental Design: The effects of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and letrozole on growth response, apoptosis, morphology, and gene and protein expression were evaluated in the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line xenograft and a panel of five human ovarian xenografts derived directly from clinical specimens. Results: The combination of HER2-directed antibodies showed enhanced antitumor activity compared with single antibody therapy in the SKOV3 xenograft model. Apoptosis, morphology, and estrogen-regulated gene expression were modulated by these antibodies in both spatial and temporal manners. A panel of ovarian cancer xenografts showed differential growth responses to the combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab. High HER2 expression and increasing HER3 protein expression on treatment were associated with growth response. In trastuzumab-treated SKOV3 tumors, there was a change in tumor morphology, with a reduction in frequency of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-negative clear cell areas. Trastuzumab, but not pertuzumab, increased expression of ERα in SKOV3 xenografts when analyzed by quantitative immunofluorescence. ERα and downstream signaling targets were modulated by trastuzumab alone and in combination. Trastuzumab enhanced the responsiveness of SKOV3 xenografts to letrozole when given in combination. Conclusions: These data suggest that trastuzumab in combination with pertuzumab could be an effective approach in high HER2-expressing ovarian cancers and could also enhance sensitivity to endocrine therapy in ERα-positive ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(13); 4451–61. ©2011 AACR.
Arecoline induces HA22T/VGH hepatoma cells to undergo anoikis - involvement of STAT3 and RhoA activation
Authors: Hsiao-Ling Cheng, Shu-Jem Su, Li-Wen Huang, Bau-Shan Hsieh, Yu-Chen Hu, Thu-Ching Hung, Kee-Lung Chang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Our previous study showed that, in basal cell carcinoma cells, arecoline reduces levels of the tumor cell survival factor interleukin-6 (IL-6), increases levels of tumor suppressor factor p53, and elicits cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis. In preliminarily studies, we observed that arecoline induces detachment of the human-derived hepatoma cell line HA22T/VGH from the extracellular matrix. In the present study, we explored the fate of the detached HA22T/VGH cells and investigated the underlying mechanism. Methods HA22T/VGH cells or primary cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with arecoline, then changes in morphology, viability, apoptosis, and the expression of surface β1-integrin, apoptosis-related proteins, and IL-6 were examined. Furthermore, activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway and the RhoA/Rock signaling pathway, including p190RhoGAP and Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase SHP2, was examined. Results A low concentration of arecoline (≤ 100 μg/ml) caused cytoskeletal changes in HA22T/VGH cells, but not hepatocytes, and this was accompanied by decreased β1-integrin expression and followed by apoptosis, indicating that HA22T/VGH cells undergo anoikis after arecoline treatment. IL-6 expression and phosphorylation of STAT3, which provides protection against anoikis, were inhibited and levels of downstream signaling proteins, including Bcl-X L and Bcl-2, were decreased, while Bax expression, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activity were increased. In addition, phosphorylation/activation of p190RhoGAP, a RhoA inhibitor, and of its upstream regulator, SHP2, was inhibited by arecoline treatment, while Rho/Rock activation was increased. Addition of the RhoA inhibitor attenuated the effects of arecoline. Conclusions This study demonstrated that arecoline induces anoikis of HA22T/VGH cells involving inhibition of STAT3 and increased RhoA/Rock activation and that the STAT3 and RhoA/Rock signaling pathways are connected.
Relationship between undissociated acidity of gastric juice and gastric protein secreted in response to graded doses of pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer patients.
Authors: T Popiela, Z Szafran, H Szafran, M Komorowska
Journal: Gut (1977)

Concentrations of free and total hydrogen ions, total protein and pepsin were measured in gastric juice fractions collected during basal secretion and upon stimulation by graded doses of pentagastrin administered intravenously. Undissociated hydrogen ion and non-pepsin protein concentrations were calculated as derived quantities.The studies were carried out in nine patients with duodenal ulcer both before and after truncal vagotomy. It was found that after vagotomy the undissociated hydrogen ion concentration was significantly lower and non-pepsin protein higher than before the operation. No correlation was found between the two quantities both before and after vagotomy. It was concluded that in duodenal ulcer patients either not all non-pepsin protein takes part in buffering of hydrogen ions secreted by parietal cells, or that non-protein buffers play a more important role.
A murine DC-SIGN homologue contributes to early host defense against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Authors: Antoine Tanne, Bo Ma, Frédéric Boudou, Ludovic Tailleux, Hélène Botella, Edgar Badell, Florence Levillain, Maureen E. Taylor, Kurt Drickamer, Jérome Nigou, Karen M. Dobos, Germain Puzo, Dietmar Vestweber, Martin K. Wild, Marie Marcinko, Peter Sobieszczuk, Lauren Stewart, Daniel Lebus, Brigitte Gicquel, Olivier Neyrolles
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

The C-type lectin dendritic cell−specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) mediates the innate immune recognition of microbial carbohydrates. We investigated the function of this molecule in the host response to pathogens in vivo, by generating mouse lines lacking the DC-SIGN homologues SIGNR1, SIGNR3, and SIGNR5. Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis was impaired only in SIGNR3-deficient animals. SIGNR3 was expressed in lung phagocytes during infection, and interacted with M. tuberculosis bacilli and mycobacterial surface glycoconjugates to induce secretion of critical host defense inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). SIGNR3 signaling was dependent on an intracellular tyrosine-based motif and the tyrosine kinase Syk. Thus, the mouse DC-SIGN homologue SIGNR3 makes a unique contribution to protection of the host against a pulmonary bacterial pathogen.
Kidney Preservation Ex Vivo for Transplantation
Authors: Joseph V. Bonventre, Joel M. Weinberg
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1992)

Ischemic injury to the renal allograft, prior to implantation, is an important cause of delayed graft function. With improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, strategies have been devised to minimize ischemic injury during preservation ex vivo. It is clear that reducing the warm ischemic time, flushing the kidney with hypothermic solution containing cell-impermeant compounds, and maintaining the organ at low temperature ex vivo have increased the duration that the kidney can be preserved. The effectiveness of a number of other components of preservation solutions, as well as the relative merits of continuous perfusion of the organ ex vivo, is more controversial. In this chapter, we review the mechanistic features of ischemic acute renal failure and discuss various preservation strategies and their success in the context of these basic principles of ischemic pathophysiology.
Do measures of bronchial responsiveness add information in diagnosis and monitoring of patients with asthma?
Authors: G.F. Joos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Intermittent airflow limitation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), airway inflammation and remodelling are key pathophysiological components of bronchial asthma 1. BHR, an abnormal increase in airflow limitation following exposure to a stimulus, is present in almost all patients with clinically current asthma. Furthermore, patients with more severe asthma have more responsive airways than patients with mild disease and during exacerbations of asthma, for example during allergen exposure, increases in bronchial responsiveness do occur 2. The measurement of bronchial responsiveness is widely available, well-standardized and can be applied in both research and clinical settings 3, 4. Until recently, the evaluation of airway inflammation required bronchoscopy for taking bronchial biopsies and/or performing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In recent years, noninvasive methods for the evaluation of airway inflammation have been developed: induced sputum and exhaled air are now increasingly applied in clinical studies and are becoming well-standardized tools that may also find application in the clinical setting 5–7.

It is frequently assumed that measures of bronchial responsiveness and airway inflammation can be used interchangeably. Very often, baseline bronchial hyperresponsiveness (before any therapeutic intervention) and airway inflammation are considered to be linked tightly together. A large number of studies have examined correlations between markers of airway inflammation (bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial biopsy and/or sputum) and …
Portfolio of Dermo chromes.
Authors: Jaoobi, PringleJ. J.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Clara cell
Authors: P. Smith, D. Heath, H. Moosavi
Journal: Thorax (1974)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether emergency department staff met the needs of the next of kin and close friends ("survivors") of patients dying in an emergency department and to assess the effectiveness of a program to improve care of survivors. DESIGN: Mail survey before and after program implementation. SETTING: Emergency department of a tertiary care, adult teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Two groups of survivors, identified through a review of emergency department records of deaths during two 6-month periods. In the first group, surveyed in 1987, before program implementation, 26 (53%) of 49 responded; in the second group, surveyed in 1990, after program implementation, 40 (70%) of 57 responded. INTERVENTIONS: A structured, multidisciplinary protocol for notifying next of kin of death and supporting the survivors was implemented. An educational program was provided to all emergency department staff. An information pamphlet was created and provided to survivors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaire responses regarding the adequacy and timeliness of information provided, the support and actions by emergency department staff and the survivors9 desire to be present during resuscitation efforts. RESULTS: Comparison of responses before and after program implementation showed that adequate information was provided before notification of death in 32% and 83% of cases respectively (p &lt; 0.001), lengthy delays in receiving medical information occurred in 60% and 15% of cases (p &lt; 0.01), adequate medical information concerning the events of death was provided in 53% and 88% (p &lt; 0.05), the presence of emergency department staff was sufficient in 40% and 79% (p &lt; 0.01), survivors spent less than 2 hours in the emergency department in 50% and 81% (p &lt; 0.05), and survivors expressed a desire to be present during resuscitation efforts in 95% and 11% of cases (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: The grievous experience of learning that a loved one has suddenly and unexpectedly died in the emergency department can be alleviated somewhat by a structured, multidisciplinary approach combined with staff sensitization and education.
Cardiovascular status of infants and children of women infected with HIV-1 (P 2 C 2 HIV): a cohort study
Authors: Steven E Lipshultz, Kirk A Easley, E John Orav, Samuel Kaplan, Thomas J Starc, J Timothy Bricker, Wyman W Lai, Douglas S Moodie, George Sopko, Mark D Schluchter, Steven D Colan
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Revertant mosaicism in junctional epidermolysis bullosa due to multiple correcting second-site mutations in LAMB3
Authors: Anna M.G. Pasmooij, Hendri H. Pas, Maria C. Bolling, Marcel F. Jonkman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Revertant mosaicism due to in vivo reversion of an inherited mutation has been described in the genetic skin disease epidermolysis bullosa (EB) for the genes KRT14 and COL17A1. Here we demonstrate the presence of multiple second-site mutations, all correcting the germline mutation LAMB3:c.628G-->A;p.E210K, in 2 unrelated non-Herlitz junctional EB patients with revertant mosaicism. Both probands had a severe reduction in laminin-332 expression in their affected skin. Remarkably, the skin on the lower leg of patient 078-01 (c.628G-->A/c.1903C-->T) became progressively clinically healthy, with normal expression of laminin-332 on previously affected skin. In the other proband, 029-01 (c.628G-->A/c.628G-->A), the revertant patches were located at his arms, shoulder, and chest. DNA analysis showed different second-site mutations in revertant keratinocytes of distinct biopsy specimens (c.565-3T-->C, c.596G-->C;p.G199A, c.619A-->C;p.K207Q, c.628+42G-->A, and c.629-1G-->A), implying that there is not a single preferred mechanism for the correction of a specific mutation. Our data offer prospects for EB treatment in particular cases, since revertant mosaicism seems to occur at a higher frequency than expected. This opens the possibility of applying revertant cell therapy in mosaic EB of the LAMB3 gene by using autologous naturally corrected keratinocytes, thereby bypassing the recombinant gene correction phase.
Attitudes to Nursing Among Intelligent Schoolgirls
Authors: J. G. Lawrence, P. P. Daws
Journal: BMJ (1964)

In the spring of 1963 a survey was made among bright school- girls to establish the amount of interest shown in nursing as a career.Six schools were sampled in the north-east region of the West Riding of Yorkshire, an area bounded roughly by Leeds, Keighley, Bradford, and Wakefield.'There were 302 girls in the total sample, and all were preparing to take the summer G.C.E." 0 " level examination.Their average age was inferred to be about 16 years, since all but three were either 15 or 16 years of age and there were roughly equal numbers of each.Girls of this ability and age represent approximately 15% of such girls in the region, which is predominantly an area of urban development.All the girls had completed a three-page careers questionary at school.It was explained that the questionary was about their career hopes and intentions, that they were not required to give their names, and that they could feel free, therefore, to say honestly and exactly what they thought in answering the questions.In fact, a reference to nursing was not intro- duced until midway through the questionary. ResultsOf the 302 girls in the sample 202 (67 %) expressed no interest whatever in nursing and 100 (33%) expressed some interest; of the latter, 60 (20 %) expressed a moderate, or qualified, degree of interest and 40 (13%) expressed a strong and unqualified degree of interest.Judging from their relevant responses, we would expect that girls in the " moderate interest " group might ultimately offer themselves for recruitment, and that those in the "strong interest " group would so offer themselves-provided, of course, that their attitudes to nursing remained substantially the same from the time of this survey to the likely time of their recruit- ment, an interval of approximately two years.During that interval at least one experience occurs that could affect career attitudes and aspirations-namely, learning the results of their G.C.E." 0 " level examinations.If we assume that strongly expressed career attractions are reasonably stable in intelligent girls aged 15 and 16 years, this survey implies an annual pool of approximately 260 girls in the region who are at least keenly interested in and of the appropriate intellectual calibre for nursing, which is more than adequate to satisfy existing needs.If there is any local complaint of recruitment difficulties, some of the blame would appear to lie in inadequate recruitment policies and procedures.Are these.girlsbeing attracted into other employment by more visible and persuasive recruitment technique, or are their career The schools comprised two direct-grant grammar schools, one State- maintained grammar school, one State-maintained co-educational grammar school, one co-educational secondary technical school, and one co-educational secondary modern school.
Effect of Torcetrapib on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: John J.P. Kastelein, Sander I. van Leuven, Leslie Burgess, Greg W. Evans, Jan A. Kuivenhoven, Philip J. Barter, James H. Revkin, Diederick E. Grobbee, Ward A. Riley, Charles L. Shear, William T. Duggan, Michiel L. Bots
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Torcetrapib, an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein, may reduce atherosclerotic vascular disease by increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.A total of 850 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia underwent B-mode ultrasonography at baseline and at follow-up to measure changes in carotid intima-media thickness. The patients completed an atorvastatin run-in period and were subsequently randomly assigned to receive either atorvastatin monotherapy or atorvastatin combined with 60 mg of torcetrapib for 2 years.After 24 months, in the atorvastatin-only group, the mean (+/-SD) HDL cholesterol level was 52.4+/-13.5 mg per deciliter and the mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was 143.2+/-42.2 mg per deciliter, as compared with 81.5+/-22.6 mg per deciliter and 115.1+/-48.5 mg per deciliter, respectively, in the torcetrapib-atorvastatin group. During the study, average systolic blood pressure increased by 2.8 mm Hg in the torcetrapib-atorvastatin group, as compared with the atorvastatin-only group. The increase in maximum carotid intima-media thickness, the primary measure of efficacy, was 0.0053+/-0.0028 mm per year in the atorvastatin-only group and 0.0047+/-0.0028 mm per year in the torcetrapib-atorvastatin group (P=0.87). The secondary efficacy measure, annualized change in mean carotid intima-media thickness for the common carotid artery, indicated a decrease of 0.0014 mm per year in the atorvastatin-only group, as compared with an increase of 0.0038 mm per year in the torcetrapib-atorvastatin group (P=0.005).In patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, the use of torcetrapib with atorvastatin, as compared with atorvastatin alone, did not result in further reduction of progression of atherosclerosis, as assessed by a combined measure of carotid arterial-wall thickness, and was associated with progression of disease in the common carotid segment. These effects occurred despite a large increase in HDL cholesterol levels and a substantial decrease in levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00136981 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
THE RENAL CLEARANCES OF IODIDE AND L-DIIODOTYROSINE MEASURED SIMULTANEOUSLY*
Authors: William E. Lassiter, John B. Stanbury
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

After the intravenous administration of Il'1labeled L-diiodotyrosine (DIT), an increasing fraction of the labeled iodine of the serum becomes inorganic iodide as the DIT undergoes deiodination.Most of the labeled iodine which appears in the urine is inorganic iodide (1).If one makes an estimate of the renal clearance of inorganic iodide, based on the concentrations of labeled inor- ganic iodide in serum and urine after the adminis- tration of DIT, then values considerably in excess of those reported for iodide (2-5) are obtained.This could occur if DIT undergoes further deiodination after it enters the kidney.The studies reported here are concerned with simultaneous measurements of the renal clearance of iodide and DIT, using a double-labeling tech- nique with I133-labeled iodide and I131-labeled DIT.It is shown that the apparent renal clearance of I'31-labeled DIT is considerably less than the true clearance and, thus, that intrarenal deiodination of DIT does indeed occur. MATERIALS AND METHODSDIT labeled with 13l was prepared by iodination of L-tyrosine by the method of Roche, Lissitzky, Michel and Michel (6).I133 in the form of iodide was obtained from Brookhaven National Laboratories.The major compo- nent of the gamma radiation of 113' has an energy of 0.53 MEV.This is sufficiently different from the major I13l gamma energy of 0.36 MEV to permit differentiation of the two isotopes in a well-type scintillation counter with pulse-height analyzer.Five subjects were selected for study.All were healthy males with no clinical evidence of renal disease or prostatism.The ages ranged from 29 to 63 years.In three of the subjects there was no thyroidal uptake of iodide because of previous thyroidectomy or medications, and in the other two (Subjects 2 and 5), uptake of iodine by the * Supported in part by Grant No. A-1880 of the Di- vision of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases of the United States Public Health Service.