tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MAGNESIUM INFUSION IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: E.J Ladusans, A.J Frew, P.C Waller, L.E Ramsay, M Lievre, A Leizorovicz, J.P Boissel, H.Sandvad Rasmussen, P.Mc Nair, S Heptinstall, Shirley-Anne Lyne, J.R.A Mitchell, E.J Will
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
The Presence and Impact of Biofilm-Producing Staphylococci in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Herbert B. Allen, Nachiket D. Vaze, Catherine Choi, Tesfu Hailu, Brittain H. Tulbert, Carrie A. Cusack, Suresh G. Joshi
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is thought to be a double-hit phenomenon with an unknown environmental component and a genetic abnormality likely centered on the filaggrin gene. Biologically, the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in AD was reported more than 2 decades ago, but the relationship to AD has been elusive.To explore the bacteria that produce the biofilms in the lesions of AD and the response of the innate immune system to these biofilm occlusions of the sweat ducts by specifically evaluating Toll-like receptor 2.University hospital dermatologic clinic study involving the environmental component related to the characterization, correlation, and impact of staphylococci and their biofilms in AD. We processed routine skin swabs from lesional and nonlesional skin from 40 patients with AD and performed scrapings and biopsies. We also obtained 20 samples from controls (10 inflamed skin samples and 10 normal skin samples).Gram staining, bright-field microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Congo red, and light microscopy.Association of staphylococcal biofilms with AD pathogenesis.All AD-affected samples contained multidrug-resistant staphylococci, with S aureus (42.0%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (20.0%) as the predominant species. All isolates were positive for extracellular polysaccharide and biofilm (85.0% strong biofilm producers and 15.0% moderately to weakly positive). Polymerase chain reaction revealed the biofilm-mediating icaD (93.0%) and aap (12.5%) genes in the isolates (some contained both). We also examined tissues for microbial identification, extracellular biomass formation, biofilm formation, and staphylococcal biofilm in skin tissues. Occlusion of sweat ducts with periodic acid-Schiff-positive and Congo red-positive material was noted on microscopic tissue examination. Toll-like receptor 2 was shown to be activated in AD lesional skin (immediately proximal to the sweat ducts), which likely led to the initiation of proteinase-activated receptor 2-mediated pruritus and MyD88-mediated spongiosis.Biofilm formation by AD-associated staphylococci almost certainly plays a major role in the occlusion of sweat ducts and leads to inflammation and pruritus. We believe the environmental hit in AD relates to staphylococci and their biofilms, which occlude sweat ducts.
Structural basis for CD1d presentation of a sulfatide derived from myelin and its implications for autoimmunity
Authors: Dirk M. Zajonc, Igor Maricic, Douglass Wu, Ramesh Halder, Keshab Roy, Chi-Huey Wong, Vipin Kumar, Ian A. Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Sulfatide derived from the myelin stimulates a distinct population of CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells. Cis-tetracosenoyl sulfatide is one of the immunodominant species in myelin as identified by proliferation, cytokine secretion, and CD1d tetramer staining. The crystal structure of mouse CD1d in complex with cis-tetracosenoyl sulfatide at 1.9 Å resolution reveals that the longer cis-tetracosenoyl fatty acid chain fully occupies the A′ pocket of the CD1d binding groove, whereas the sphingosine chain fills up the F′ pocket. A precise hydrogen bond network in the center of the binding groove orients and positions the ceramide backbone for insertion of the lipid tails in their respective pockets. The 3′-sulfated galactose headgroup is highly exposed for presentation to the T cell receptor and projects up and away from the binding pocket due to its β linkage, compared with the more intimate binding of the α-glactosyl ceramide headgroup to CD1d. These structure and binding data on sulfatide presentation by CD1d have important implications for the design of therapeutics that target T cells reactive for myelin glycolipids in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.
Lrp5 functions in bone to regulate bone mass
Authors: Yajun Cui, Paul J Niziolek, Bryan T MacDonald, Cassandra R Zylstra, Natalia Alenina, Daniel R Robinson, Zhendong Zhong, Susann Matthes, Christina M Jacobsen, Ronald A Conlon, Robert Brommage, Qingyun Liu, Faika Mseeh, David R Powell, Qi M Yang, Brian Zambrowicz, Han Gerrits, Jan A Gossen, Xi He, Michael Bader, Bart O Williams, Matthew L Warman, Alexander G Robling
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Reentry and Fibrillation in the Mouse Heart
Authors: Dhananjay Vaidya, Gregory E. Morley, Faramarz H. Samie, José Jalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The idea that fibrillation is only possible in hearts exceeding a critical size was introduced by W. Garrey &gt;80 years ago and has since been generally accepted. In ventricular tissue, this critical size was originally estimated to be 400 mm 2 . Recent estimates suggest that the critical size required for sustained reentry is ≈100 to 200 mm 2 , whereas 6 times this area is required for ventricular fibrillation. According to these estimates, fibrillation is not possible in the mouse heart, where the ventricular surface area is ≈100 mm 2 . To test whether sustained ventricular fibrillation could be induced in such an area, we used a high-speed video imaging system and a voltage-sensitive dye to quantify electrical activity on the epicardial surface of the Langendorff-perfused adult mouse heart. In 6 hearts, measurements during ventricular pacing at a basic cycle length (BCL) of 120 ms yielded maximum and minimum conduction velocities (CV max and CV min ) of 0.63±0.04 and 0.38±0.02 mm/ms, respectively. At a BCL of 80 ms, CV max and CV min changed to 0.55±0.03 and 0.34±0.02 mm/ms. Action potential durations (APDs), measured at 70% repolarization at those pacing frequencies were found to be 44.5±2.9 and 40.4±2.6 ms, respectively. The wavelengths (CV×APD) were calculated to be 28.6±3.4 mm in the CV max direction and 16.8±1.5 mm in the CV min direction at BCL 120 ms. Wavelengths were significantly reduced ( P &lt;0.05) at BCL 80 ms (CV max , 22.2±1.8 mm; CV min , 13.7±0.9 mm). In 5 hearts, stationary vortex-like reentry organized by single rotors (4 of 5 hearts) or by pairs of rotors (1 of 5 hearts) was induced by burst pacing. In the ECG, the activity manifested as sustained monomorphic tachycardia. Detailed analysis showed that the local CVs were reduced in the vicinity of the rotor center, which allowed the reentry to take place within a smaller area than was calculated from wavelength measurements during pacing. In 4 of 7 hearts, burst pacing resulted in a polymorphic ECG pattern indistinguishable from ventricular fibrillation. These data challenge the critical mass hypothesis by demonstrating that ventricular tissue with an area as small as 100 mm 2 is capable of undergoing sustained fibrillatory activity.
Optimizing Care in Diabetes: a Quixotic Challenge
Authors: Eli A. Friedman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Reported elsewhere in this issue is an analysis by the Division of Diabetes Translation (a component of the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) of follow-up data linked to National Health Interview Surveys noting that, in both sexes, American adults with diabetes surveyed between 1997 and 2006 had a substantial decline in absolute mortality rate compared with nondiabetic adults (1). The authors caution that this favorable news may be modulated by a future rise in diabetes prevalence should diabetes incidence not be “curtailed.” Inferred from this study is affirmation of two main current strategic clinical goals to cope with pandemic diabetes: 1 ) reduction of the rate of new-onset diabetes and 2 ) interdiction of potentially fatal complications in individuals with diagnosed diabetes.

Intervention to modify lifestyle has been termed “the most important single action to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus” (2). As advocated by the International Diabetes Federation, as much as 80% of new-onset diabetes may be preventable by combining increased physical activity, weight loss, and reduced consumption of sugar and saturated fat (3). Modifying lifestyle to include eating five or more fruits and vegetables daily, regular exercise, no more than moderate alcohol consumption, and not smoking tobacco, sharply reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in 11,761 adult men and women participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (4). A major problem in attempting to sustain lifestyle changes, however, is that without continuous medical team support and encouragement, adherence to a healthy lifestyle pattern was noted to decrease over an 18-year period of surveillance, with documented reduction in practice of three of five healthy lifestyle habits (5). Fradkin (6) recently assessed contemporary diabetes management, finding it to be “suboptimal, particularly in …
Lump sum compensation for asbestos related lung disease
Authors: T. WILLIAMS, P. SLADE, J. RAEBURN
Journal: Thorax (1998)

It is well known that sufferers with asbestos related lung disease may be able to claim Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit (IIDB) and obtain common law compensation from former employers through the courts.1 2 The former is a tax free benefit paid weekly or monthly to patients with prescribed diseases—that is, interstitial asbestosis (D1), mesothelioma (D3), bilateral diffuse pleural thickening (D9), and lung cancer (D8) if this occurs in association with asbestosis or bilateral diffuse pleural thickening. Common law compensation may be obtainable for all these conditions but also in other situations such as lung cancer without interstitial asbestosis and some cases of asymptomatic pleural plaques.

It is much less well known that lump sum compensation may also be available from the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions under the Pneumoconiosis etc. (Workers Compensation) Act 1979 for the …
Considerations of the physiological variables that determine the blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration in man.
Authors: R F Coburn, R E Forster, P B Kane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

were analyzed for CO concentrations with an infrared CO meter. This instrument has an error (SD) of 4-0.00004% CO and requires a 200-ml sample. These samples were col- lected during the summer of 1964. Smoking is prohibited in the areas where these samples were collected. We also measured the CO concentrations in air samples taken from smoke-filled conference rooms, a small nonventilated room that we purposely filled with smoke by burning cigarettes, and a rural area well away from automobile combustion. Diurnal changes in blood (COHb) were measured in one subject and compared with the changes in percentage of CO in his environment. Blood (COHb) was determined by a method in which gas extracted from a 2-ml blood sample is measured in the infrared CO meter. This method has an error (SD) of 40.03% (COHb)( 10).
CIAPIN1 and ABCA13 are markers of poor survival in metastatic ovarian serous carcinoma
Authors: Dag Andre Nymoen, Arild Holth, Thea E Hetland Falkenthal, Claes G Tropé, Ben Davidson
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical role of 14 genes previously shown to be associated with chemotherapy response and/or progression-free survival in a smaller series of ovarian serous carcinoma effusions. Advanced-stage serous ovarian carcinoma effusions (n = 150) were analyzed for mRNA expression of AKR1C1, ABCA4, ABCA13, ABCB10, BIRC6, CASP9, CIAPIN1, FAS, MGMT, MUTYH, POLH, SRC, TBRKB and XPA using quantitative real-time PCR. mRNA expression was studied for association with clinicopathologic parameters, including chemotherapy response and survival. ABCA4 mRNA expression was significantly related to better (complete) chemotherapy response at diagnosis in the entire cohort (p = 0.018), whereas higher POLH mRNA levels were significantly related to better chemoresponse at diagnosis in analysis to 58 patients with pre-chemotherapy effusions treated with standard chemotherapy (carboplatin + paclitaxel; p = 0.023). In univariate survival analysis for patients with pre-chemotherapy effusions (n = 77), CIAPIN1 mRNA expression was significantly related to shorter overall (p = 0.007) and progression-free (p = 0.038) survival, whereas ABCA13 mRNA expression was significantly related to shorter OS (p = 0.024). Higher CIAPIN1 mRNA expression was an independent marker of poor overall survival in Cox multivariate analysis (p = 0.044). Our data identify ABCA4 and POLH as markers of better chemotherapy response in metastatic serous carcinoma. CIAPIN1 and ABCA13 may be novel markers of poor outcome in pre-chemotherapy serous carcinoma effusions.
Mental Disorders and their Labels
Authors: W. H. Trethowan
Journal: BMJ (1975)

sputum is said to contain B. catarrhalis?B stands for Branhamella, named after an authority on the Neisseria; all honour to her, but must this be at the expense of eistablishing a totally superfluous genus?The pneumoncoccus is to be Streptococcus pneumoniae; presumably the generic name Diplococcus now widely used in America will be dropped.Fusiformis fusiformis of Vincent's infection becomes Fusobacterium Snucleatum.Clostridium welchii remains Cl.perfringens, though this name, accord- ing to the Preface, is, or was, "contrary to the botanical rules of nomenclature."The organism causing glanders, which has had several previous generic names, is now Pseudomonas mallei.Despite reasons for this, it will continue to mystify the plain man.The organism differs from all other Pseudomonas spp. in being an obligatory pathogen and in being non-motile.Mhe genus is defined as motile, and in a list on p. 241 of 20 alleged Pseudomonas s,pp."not in accord with the generic description" the reason given for rejecting 10 of them is thei,r non-motility.
Direct Effect of Sunshine on Suicide
Authors: Benjamin Vyssoki, Nestor D. Kapusta, Nicole Praschak-Rieder, Georg Dorffner, Matthaeus Willeit
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

It has been observed that suicidal behavior is influenced by sunshine and follows a seasonal pattern. However, seasons bring about changes in several other meteorological factors and a seasonal rhythm in social behavior may also contribute to fluctuations in suicide rates.To investigate the effects of sunshine on suicide incidence that are independent of seasonal variation.Retrospective analysis of data on all officially confirmed suicides in Austria between January 1, 1970, and May 6, 2010 (n = 69 462). Data on the average duration of sunshine per day (in hours) were calculated from 86 representative meteorological stations. Daily number of suicides and daily duration of sunshine were differentiated to remove variation in sunshine and variation in suicide incidence introduced by season. Thereafter, several models based on Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated.Correlation of daily number of suicides and daily duration of sunshine after mathematically removing the effects of season.Sunshine hours and number of suicides on every day from January 1, 1970, to May 6, 2010, were highly correlated (r = 0.4870; P < 10-9). After differencing for the effects of season, a mathematical procedure that removes most of the variance from the data, a positive correlation between number of suicides and hours of daily sunshine remained for the day of suicide and up to 10 days prior to suicide (rmaximum = 0.0370; P < 10-5). There was a negative correlation between the number of suicides and daily hours of sunshine for the 14 to 60 days prior to the suicide event (rminimum = -0.0383; P < 10-5). These effects were found in the entire sample and in violent suicides.Duration of daily sunshine was significantly correlated with suicide frequency independent of season, but effect sizes were low. Our data support the hypothesis that sunshine on the day of suicide and up to 10 days prior to suicide may facilitate suicide. More daily sunshine 14 to 60 days previously is associated with low rates of suicide. Our study also suggests that sunshine during this period may protect against suicide.
Wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors drive intestinal inflammation via activation of toll-like receptor 4
Authors: Yvonne Junker, Sebastian Zeissig, Seong-Jun Kim, Donatella Barisani, Herbert Wieser, Daniel A. Leffler, Victor Zevallos, Towia A. Libermann, Simon Dillon, Tobias L. Freitag, Ciaran P. Kelly, Detlef Schuppan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Ingestion of wheat, barley, or rye triggers small intestinal inflammation in patients with celiac disease. Specifically, the storage proteins of these cereals (gluten) elicit an adaptive Th1-mediated immune response in individuals carrying HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 as major genetic predisposition. This well-defined role of adaptive immunity contrasts with an ill-defined component of innate immunity in celiac disease. We identify the α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) CM3 and 0.19, pest resistance molecules in wheat, as strong activators of innate immune responses in monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. ATIs engage the TLR4-MD2-CD14 complex and lead to up-regulation of maturation markers and elicit release of proinflammatory cytokines in cells from celiac and nonceliac patients and in celiac patients' biopsies. Mice deficient in TLR4 or TLR4 signaling are protected from intestinal and systemic immune responses upon oral challenge with ATIs. These findings define cereal ATIs as novel contributors to celiac disease. Moreover, ATIs may fuel inflammation and immune reactions in other intestinal and nonintestinal immune disorders.
Small Molecule Antagonists of the σ-1 Receptor Cause Selective Release of the Death Program in Tumor and Self-Reliant Cells and Inhibit Tumor Growth <b> <i>in Vitro</i> </b> and <b> <i>in Vivo</i> </b>
Authors: Barbara A. Spruce, Lorna A. Campbell, Niall McTavish, Michelle A. Cooper, M. Virginia L. Appleyard, Mary O’Neill, Jacqueline Howie, Jayne Samson, Stephen Watt, Karen Murray, Doris McLean, Nick R. Leslie, Stephen T. Safrany, Michelle J. Ferguson, John A. Peters, Alan R. Prescott, Gary Box, Angela Hayes, Bernard Nutley, Florence Raynaud, C. Peter Downes, Jeremy J. Lambert, Alastair M. Thompson, Suzanne Eccles
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The acquisition of resistance to apoptosis, the cell’s intrinsic suicide program, is essential for cancers to arise and progress and is a major reason behind treatment failures. We show in this article that small molecule antagonists of the σ-1 receptor inhibit tumor cell survival to reveal caspase-dependent apoptosis. σ antagonist-mediated caspase activation and cell death are substantially attenuated by the prototypic σ-1 agonists (+)-SKF10,047 and (+)-pentazocine. Although several normal cell types such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and even σ receptor-rich neurons are resistant to the apoptotic effects of σ antagonists, cells that can promote autocrine survival such as lens epithelial and microvascular endothelial cells are as susceptible as tumor cells. Cellular susceptibility appears to correlate with differences in σ receptor coupling rather than levels of expression. In susceptible cells only, σ antagonists evoke a rapid rise in cytosolic calcium that is inhibited by σ-1 agonists. In at least some tumor cells, σ antagonists cause calcium-dependent activation of phospholipase C and concomitant calcium-independent inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase pathway signaling. Systemic administration of σ antagonists significantly inhibits the growth of evolving and established hormone-sensitive and hormone-insensitive mammary carcinoma xenografts, orthotopic prostate tumors, and p53-null lung carcinoma xenografts in immunocompromised mice in the absence of side effects. Release of a σ receptor-mediated brake on apoptosis may offer a new approach to cancer treatment.
Hand-to-Hand Transmission of Rhinovirus Colds
Authors: JACK M. GWALTNEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Rhinovirus was transmitted from experimentally infected volunteers (donors) to susceptible recipients and the efficiencies of spread by hand-to-hand contact and large- and small-particle aerosols compared. Transmission of infection was very efficient by the hand route: 11 of 15 hand-contact exposures initiated infection, compared with one of 12 large-particle (P < 0.005) and none of 10 small-particle (P < 0.005) exposures. Rhinovirus was present in nine of 18 (50%) nasal swab specimens, 28 of 43 (65%) hand rinses, and seven of 18 (39%) saliva specimens of donors; geometric mean titers of positive specimens were 101.5, 101.4, and 101.2 tissue culture infectious dose 50/ml (TCID50/ml), respectively. Rhinovirus was present in 20 of 43 (46%) recipient hand rinses, with a geometric mean titer of 10l.4TCID50/ml. Virus on donors' hands was transferred to recipients' fingers during 20 of 28 (71%) 10-second hand-contact exposures. These findings support the concept that hand contact/self-inoculation may be an important natural route of rhinovirus transmission.
Adenosine Regulates Renal Nitric Oxide Production in Hypothyroid Rats
Authors: MARTHA FRANCO, EDILIA TAPIA, FLAVIO MARTÍNEZ, MA. EUGENIA DAVILA, JUANA INÉS GRIMALDO, KLELIA MEDINA, JAIME HERRERA-ACOSTA
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

In the hypothyroid kidney, exogenous adenosine (ADO) produces vasodilation and restores renal function to near-normal values. This study evaluates whether this response is mediated by nitric oxide synthesis stimulated by adenosine. GFR and urinary excretion of NO2-/NO3- (UNO2-/NO3-) were measured in normal (NL) and hypothyroid (HTX) rats under basal conditions and during infusion of: intra-aortic ADO, intravenously, 1,3-dipropyl-8p-sulfophenylxanthine (DPSPX), 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropyl xanthine (DPCPX), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) + ADO, L-NAME + PSPX, L-NAME + DPCPX, and intrarenal (IR) ADO or DPCPX + IR ADO. Intra-aortic ADO induced a fall in GFR and increased UNO2-/NO3- slightly in NL rats; in HTX rats, both GFR and UNO2-/NO3- increased significantly. DPSPX and DPCPX increased UNO2-/NO3- excretion in NL animals with minor changes in GFR; the blockers increased both GFR and UNO2-/ NO3- in HTX rats. L-NAME completely blocked the increase in NO2-/NO3- induced by ADO, DPSPX, and DPCPX. The intrarenal infusion of ADO at 1, 10, and 35 nmol/kg per min progressively decreased GFR with a slight increase in UNO2-/ NO3- in NL rats; in the HTX, GFR increased with the highest dose and UNO2-/NO3- progressively increased. DPCPX prevented the fall in GFR induced by intrarenal ADO in NL rats, with no further changes in UNO2-/NO3-; in HTX rats, intrarenal ADO under A1 blockade further increased GFR and UNO2-/NO3-. Arterial and venous ADO concentrations were lower in the HTX rats. In the HTX kidney, NO production was stimulated by ADO, most likely through activation of A2 or A3 receptors, whereas A1 receptors had an inhibitory effect. Thus, ADO receptors are involved in the regulation of kidney function in pathophysiologic conditions.
Predicting running speed from a simple questionnaire.
Authors: M J Campbell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

Of 221 competitors in a University half marathon in 1983, 98 replied to a questionnaire before the race which asked for details of training, age, height, weight and resting pulse rate. Finishing times of all competitors were recorded. In a multiple regression analysis significant predictors of running speed were: amount of training, expressed as distance run per week and number of weeks training for the event, the Body Mass Index (weight/height) and resting pulse rate. We conclude that for assessing running speed amongst competitors with similar amounts of training, the Body Mass Index and the resting pulse rate are useful substitutes for more elaborate and expensive measures.