tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The biology of bacterial colonization and invasion of the respiratory mucosa
Authors: R. Wilson, R.B. Dowling, A.D. Jackson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Despite being regularly exposed to particulate matter during breathing, which contains bacteria from the commensal flora in the nasopharynx and from the environment, the healthy lung is kept sterile by efficient defence mechanisms. Bacterial infections of the respiratory mucosa represent a dynamic interaction, to which both host and bacterial factors contribute. The abnormal host defences associated with chronic respiratory infections (e.g. cystic fibrosis and other forms of bronchiectasis) serve to emphasize their permissive role. The bacteria that cause bronchial infections possess a wide array of potential virulence factors that contribute to their pathogenicity. Many of these factors influence the mucociliary system, an important first-line defence mechanism. The multiplication, spread and persistence of bacteria within the bronchial lumen, and consequent damage to the epithelium, stimulates a chronic inflammatory response, which also impairs mucociliary clearance and damages lung tissue. A greater understanding of host-bacterial interactions during mucosal infections should in the future lead to the development of new therapies and treatment strategies.
Structural relationship between epidermal lipid lamellae, lamellar bodies and desmosomes in human epidermis: an ultrastructural study
Authors: M. FARTASCH, I.D. BASSUKAS, T.L. DIEPGKN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Structural relationship between epidermal lipid lamellae, lamellar bodies and desmosomes in human epidermis: an ultrastructural study Get access M. FARTASCH, M. FARTASCH Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen, Germany Priv. Doz, Dr. med. M. Fartasch, Department of Dermatology, Universiyy of Erlangen, hartmannstr, 14. DW‐8520 Erlangen, Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.D. BASSUKAS, I.D. BASSUKAS Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.L. DIEPGKN T.L. DIEPGKN Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 1, 1 January 1993, Pages 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00138.x Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Accepted: 27 June 1992 Published: 01 January 1993
Characterization of the CD40L/Oncostatin M/Oncostatin M receptor axis as an antiviral and immunostimulatory system disrupted in chronic HCV infection
Authors: Esther Larrea, Itziar Echeverria, Jose-I. Riezu-Boj, Rafael Aldabe, Laura Guembe, Iosu Sola, María Pilar Civeira, Pablo Sarobe, Jesus Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Instability of Tuberculin and Candida Skin Test Reactivity in HIV-infected Ugandans
Authors: JOHN L. JOHNSON, SAM NYOLE, ALPHONSE OKWERA, CHRISTOPHER C. WHALEN, PETER NSUBUGA, VUKOSAVA PEKOVIC, ROBIN HUEBNER, ROBERT S. WALLIS, PETER N. MUGYENYI, ROY D. MUGERWA, JERROLD J. ELLNER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Anergy testing has been used as an adjunct to tuberculin testing for assessing M. tuberculosis (MTB) infection and indications for isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV-infected persons. We examined factors associated with the stability of skin test responses to purified protein derivative (PPD) and candida antigens in a cohort of HIV-infected adults followed prospectively in a tuberculosis preventive therapy trial in Uganda. PPD-positive and anergic subjects in the placebo arms of the preventive therapy study underwent repeat skin testing and immunologic testing including measurement of MTB culture filtrate (CF)-stimulated interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in whole-blood culture supernatants. Anergy was present in 27% of 4,058 HIV-infected subjects screened for the tuberculosis preventive therapy trial compared with 10% of 682 HIV-non-infected persons. On follow-up testing of enrolled subjects, 42% of 139 initially anergic subjects were no longer anergic; two thirds of these had PPD reactions >= 5 mm. Stability of anergy was associated with intercurrent opportunistic infections and AIDS-associated dermatitis at baseline. Thirty-five percent of 313 subjects with an initial positive PPD had a negative PPD test at follow-up, 26% of whom had a positive candida skin test at the same time as the negative PPD test. Baseline MTBCF-stimulated IFN-gamma levels were significantly higher among PPD-positive subjects who remained PPD-positive than in those who were falsely negative. We conclude first that anergy is unstable and second that anergy testing is unreliable in identifying HIV-infected adults who are not infected with MTB and should not be used routinely for this purpose in assessing indications for isoniazid preventive therapy.
Early Emphysema in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Harvey O. Coxson, Ida H. T. Chan, John R. Mayo, Julia Hlynsky, Yasutaka Nakano, C. Laird Birmingham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Postmortem studies of patients who died in the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II suggested that death from starvation was associated with pulmonary emphysema. This study re-examines this hypothesis in patients who are chronically malnourished because of anorexia nervosa. Age, smoking history, body mass index, and pulmonary function were measured in 21 subjects with anorexia nervosa and 16 control subjects. Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from three regions of the lung (at the level of the aortic arch, the carina, and the posterior position of the eighth rib) using a multislice scanner. The CT measurements of lung density, emphysema, and surface area-to-volume ratio were obtained using the X-ray attenuation values. CT measurements of emphysema were greater in the group that was anorexic than in historical control subjects (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there were significant correlations between the body mass index and the CT measures of emphysema for all the patients and between diffusing capacity and the CT measurements in the patients who were anorexic. A multiple linear regression analysis showed the diffusing capacity was predicted best by the percentage of lung voxels within the large emphysematous changes category. These data demonstrate that emphysema-like changes are present in the lungs of patients who are chronically malnourished.
Ciprofloxacin interacts with thyroid replacement therapy
Authors: John G Cooper, Knut Harboe, Sofia K Frost, Øyvind Skadberg
Journal: BMJ (2005)

We report two cases of unexplained hypothyroidism in patients taking oral ciprofloxacin (figure).Nursing staff gave levothyroxine.Prescription charts showed no drug administration errors.Patients did not have nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea. Case reports Case 1An 80 year old woman with advanced thyroid cancer had maintained suppressed concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone and stable free thyroxine by taking 125 g levothyroxine daily.She was admitted with a pathological fracture of the femur and complicating osteomyelitis.After four weeks' treatment with oral ciprofloxacin (750 mg twice a day), intravenous dicloxacillin, and subcutaneous heparin, she complained of increasing tiredness.Her thyroid stimulating hormone concentration had increased to 44 mIU/l (reference range 0.4-4.4mIU/l), free thyroxine had fallen to 4 pmol/l (12-22 pmol/l), and free triiodothyronine was 1.0 pmol/l (3.1-6.3 pmol/l).Increasing levothyroxine to 200 g daily had no effect.We reduced levothyroxine to 125 g daily and stopped ciprofloxacin, and thyroid function tests rapidly became normal.Other drugs (alfacalcidiol, propranolol, ranitidine, furosemide, methenamine hippurate, paracetamol, morphine, and ondansetron) were unchanged.We continued to give dicloxacillin and heparin as thyroid function returned to normal (figure).The patient died of metastatic thyroid cancer three weeks after discharge.
Video analysis of trunk and knee motion during non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes: lateral trunk and knee abduction motion are combined components of the injury mechanism
Authors: T E Hewett, J S Torg, B P Boden
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Background: The combined positioning of the trunk and knee in the coronal and sagittal planes during non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has not been previously reported. Hypothesis: During ACL injury female athletes demonstrate greater lateral trunk and knee abduction angles than ACL-injured male athletes and uninjured female athletes. Design: Cross-section control-cohort design. Methods: Analyses of still captures from 23 coronal (10 female and 7 male ACL-injured players and 6 female controls) or 28 sagittal plane videos performing similar landing and cutting tasks. Significance was set at p⩽0.05. Results: Lateral trunk and knee abduction angles were higher in female compared to male athletes during ACL injury (p⩽0.05) and trended toward being greater than female controls (p = 0.16, 0.13, respectively). Female ACL-injured athletes showed less forward trunk lean than female controls (mean (SD) initial contact (IC): 1.6 (9.3)° vs 14.0 (7.3)°, p⩽0.01). Conclusion: Female athletes landed with greater lateral trunk motion and knee abduction during ACL injury than did male athletes or control females during similar landing and cutting tasks. Clinical relevance: Lateral trunk and knee abduction motion are important components of the ACL injury mechanism in female athletes as observed from video evidence of ACL injury.
Antiinflammatory Properties of HDL
Authors: Philip J. Barter, Stephen Nicholls, Kerry-Anne Rye, G.M. Anantharamaiah, Mohamad Navab, Alan M. Fogelman
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

There are several well-documented functions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that may explain the ability of these lipoproteins to protect against atherosclerosis. The best recognized of these is the ability of HDL to promote the efflux of cholesterol from cells. This process may minimize the accumulation of foam cells in the artery wall. However, HDL has additional properties that may also be antiatherogenic. For example, HDL is an effective antioxidants. The major proteins of HDL, apoA-I and apoA-II, as well as other proteins such as paraoxonase that cotransport with HDL in plasma, are well-known to have antioxidant properties. As a consequence, HDL has the capacity to inhibit the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in a process that reduces the atherogenicity of these lipoproteins. HDL also possesses other antiinflammatory properties. By virtue of their ability to inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells, they reduce the recruitment of blood monocytes into the artery wall. These antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of HDL may be as important as its cholesterol efflux function in terms of protecting against the development of atherosclerosis.
Myositis associated graft-versus-host-disease presenting as respiratory muscle weakness
Authors: A L Stephenson
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Myositis associated with graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) typically presents with proximal muscle weakness, myalgias, and a raised creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) level. We report a case of a 51 year old man who developed respiratory muscle weakness five years after an allogeneic bone marrow transplant for multiple myeloma. His symptoms included tachypnoea, abdominal paradox, and orthopnoea. Pulmonary function tests revealed diminished vital capacity and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures. Serum CPK levels were raised and a peripheral muscle biopsy specimen was consistent with GVHD. He improved with immunosuppressive therapy.
Strain differences in susceptibility to streptozotocin-induced diabetes: effects on hypertriglyceridemia and cardiomyopathy
Authors: B Rodrigues
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in Wistar rats results in severe hyperlipidemia and a characteristic cardiomyopathy. However, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats made diabetic with a similar dose of STZ did not develop heart dysfunction or hypertriglyceridemia at 12 weeks post-STZ. We investigated whether an apparent resistance of the WKY strain to develop diabetic cardiomyopathy and hypertriglyceridemia following chronic diabetes could be due to a reduced susceptibility to the diabetogenic effects of STZ.Adult male WKY and Wistar rats were made diabetic with a moderate (55 mg/kg) or high (75 mg/kg) dose of STZ. At 6 weeks of diabetes, glucose tolerance, cardiac function, pancreatic insulin content and basal and post-heparin plasma lipolytic activity were determined.Administration of a moderate dose of STZ produced cardiac dysfunction in Wistar but not WKY rats at 6 weeks after diabetes induction. The same dose of STZ in WKY rats also resulted in a lesser degree of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, and significantly higher pancreatic insulin content relative to Wistar rats. Following a high dose of STZ, the apparent resistance to developing cardiomyopathy was lost in the WKY rats. As well, the WKY rats demonstrated an equal degree of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance as Wistar rats. However, unlike the Wistar strain, WKY rats did not demonstrate either hypertriglyceridemia or a reduced heparin-releasable plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity following a high dose of STZ.These results suggest that the incidence of diabetes-related cardiomyopathy and hypertriglyceridemia in rats may be independently influenced by strain-dependent susceptibilities to the beta-cytotoxic effects of STZ. The absence of hypertriglyceridemia in severely diabetic WKY rats may be linked to the maintenance of a critical level of plasma LPL activity.
The secreted glycoprotein lubricin protects cartilage surfaces and inhibits synovial cell overgrowth
Authors: David K. Rhee, Jose Marcelino, MacArthur Baker, Yaoqin Gong, Patrick Smits, Véronique Lefebvre, Gregory D. Jay, Matthew Stewart, Hongwei Wang, Matthew L. Warman, John D. Carpten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The long-term integrity of an articulating joint is dependent upon the nourishment of its cartilage component and the protection of the cartilage surface from friction-induced wear. Loss-of-function mutations in lubricin (a secreted glycoprotein encoded by the gene PRG4) cause the human autosomal recessive disorder camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome (CACP). A major feature of CACP is precocious joint failure. In order to delineate the mechanism by which lubricin protects joints, we studied the expression of Prg4 mRNA during mouse joint development, and we created lubricin-mutant mice. Prg4 began to be expressed in surface chondrocytes and synoviocytes after joint cavitation had occurred and remained strongly expressed by these cells postnatally. Mice lacking lubricin were viable and fertile. In the newborn period, their joints appeared normal. As the mice aged, we observed abnormal protein deposits on the cartilage surface and disappearance of underlying superficial zone chondrocytes. In addition to cartilage surface changes and subsequent cartilage deterioration, intimal cells in the synovium surrounding the joint space became hyperplastic, which further contributed to joint failure. Purified or recombinant lubricin inhibited the growth of these synoviocytes in vitro. Tendon and tendon sheath involvement was present in the ankle joints, where morphologic changes and abnormal calcification of these structures were observed. We conclude that lubricin has multiple functions in articulating joints and tendons that include the protection of surfaces and the control of synovial cell growth.
Distribution Volumes of T-1824 and Chromium <sup>51</sup> Labelled Red Cells Immediately Following Intravenous Injection
Authors: DONALD GARDNER VIDT, LEO A. SAPIRSTEIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

The difference in distribution volumes of T-1824 and Cr 51 labelled red cells is fully realized within 30 sec. after their simultaneous intravenous injection in the dog. This indicates the existence of a rapidly circulating extravascular protein pool.
High sensitivity C-reactive protein in asthma
Authors: M. Takemura, H. Matsumoto, A. Niimi, T. Ueda, H. Matsuoka, M. Yamaguchi, M. Jinnai, S. Muro, T. Hirai, Y. Ito, T. Nakamura, T. Mio, K. Chin, M. Mishima
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Asthma is characterised by chronic inflammation of the airways, but the relevance of high-sensitivity assays for C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), which are known to be a sensitive marker of low-grade systemic inflammation, has not been fully studied in asthma. The objective was to examine serum hs-CRP levels in patients with asthma and their relationship to clinical characteristics and degree of airway inflammation. Serum hs-CRP levels were cross-sectionally examined in steroid-naive (n = 22) and steroid-inhaling (n = 23) adult patients with asthma and healthy controls (n = 14). All were nonsmokers. Serum hs-CRP levels were significantly increased in steroid-naive patients (mean+/-sd 1.33+/-1.48 mg.L(-1)) compared with controls (0.21+/-0.30 mg.L(-1)), but not in patients on inhaled corticosteroid. Among steroid-naive patients, serum hs-CRP levels significantly negatively correlated with indices of pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity and forced mid-expiratory flow) and positively with sputum eosinophil count. Among patients on inhaled corticosteroid, hs-CRP levels did not correlate with any indices. In conclusion, an increase in serum C-reactive protein levels measured by high-sensitivity assays may be associated with airflow obstruction and airway inflammation, and may serve as a surrogate marker of airway inflammation in asthma.
Phase II trial of docetaxel (Taxotere®) in metastatic colorectal carcinoma
Authors: R. Pazdur, Y. Lassere, L.T. Soh, J.A. Ajani, B. Bready, E. Soo, S. Sugarman, Y. Patt, J.L. Abbruzzese, B. Levin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)
Critical role of fractalkine (CX<sub>3</sub>CL1) in cigarette smoke-induced mononuclear cell adhesion to the arterial endothelium
Authors: Cristina Rius, Chantal Company, Laura Piqueras, Jose Miguel Cerdá-Nicolás, Cruz González, Emilio Servera, Andreas Ludwig, Esteban J Morcillo, Maria-Jesus Sanz
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, yet the pathways through which this may operate are poorly understood. Therefore, the mechanism underlying cigarette smoke (CS)-induced arterial endothelial dysfunction and the potential link with fractalkine/CX<sub>3</sub>CL1 upregulation were investigated. <h3>Methods and results</h3> Stimulation of human arterial umbilical endothelial cells (HUAECs) with pathophysiological concentrations of CS extract (1% CSE) increased CX<sub>3</sub>CL1 expression. Neutralisation of CX<sub>3</sub>CL1 activity under dynamic flow conditions significantly inhibited CSE-induced mononuclear cell adhesion to HUAECs (67%). The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) revealed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 5 (Nox5) but not Nox2 or Nox4 is the main NADPH isoform involved in CSE-induced CX<sub>3</sub>CL1 upregulation and mononuclear cell arrest. Knock down of HUAEC tumour necrosis factor α expression with siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB also abolished these responses. Interestingly, circulating monocytes and lymphocytes from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=29) versus age-matched controls (n=23) showed CX<sub>3</sub>CR1overexpression. Furthermore, CX<sub>3</sub>CL1 neutralisation dramatically diminished their enhanced adhesiveness to CSE-stimulated HUAECs. Finally, when animals were exposed for 3 days to CS, a mild inflammatory response in the lung was observed which was accompanied by enhanced CX<sub>3</sub>CL1 expression in the cremasteric arterioles, an organ distant from the lung. CS exposure resulted in increased leukocyte–arteriolar endothelial cell adhesion which was significantly reduced (51%) in animals lacking CX<sub>3</sub>CL1 receptor (CX<sub>3</sub>CR1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results suggest that CS induces functional CX<sub>3</sub>CL1 expression in arterial endothelium and leukocytes from patients with COPD show increased CX<sub>3</sub>CL1-dependent adhesiveness. Therefore, targeting the CX<sub>3</sub>CL1/CX<sub>3</sub>CR1 axis might prevent COPD-associated cardiovascular disorders.
Prevalence and Predictors of the Short-Term Trajectory of Anxiety and Depression in the First Year After a Cancer Diagnosis: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Allison W. Boyes, Afaf Girgis, Catherine A. D'Este, Alison C. Zucca, Christophe Lecathelinais, Mariko L. Carey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose Few studies have examined psychological adjustment for cancer survivors in late treatment and early survivorship stages. Our study investigated the prevalence and short-term trajectories of anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety-depression among adult cancer survivors, and identified the individual, disease, health behavior, psychological, and social predictors of chronic and late psychological morbidity. Methods A heterogeneous sample of adult cancer survivors was recruited from two state-based cancer registries. A total of 1,154 survivors completed self-report questionnaires at 6 (Time 1) and 12 months (Time 2) postdiagnosis. Anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale with cases identified by a subscale cutoff score ≥ 8. Logistic regression analyses identified Time 1 characteristics associated with anxiety and/or depression at Time 2. Results The point prevalence of anxiety (Time 1, 22%; Time 2, 21%), depression (13% at both timepoints) and comorbid anxiety-depression (9% at both timepoints) was similar at 6 and 12 months postdiagnosis. The most prevalent Time 1 to Time 2 trajectory was noncase for anxiety (70%), depression (82%), and comorbid anxiety-depression (87%). While psychological morbidity at Time 1 was the strongest predictor of psychological morbidity at Time 2, being diagnosed with lung cancer and health risk behaviors (smoking, insufficient physical activity) were also strong predictors. Conclusion Targeted psychological screening of vulnerable survivors and early intervention may prevent the onset and/or reduce the severity of psychological morbidity in early survivorship. Trials of risk reduction interventions targeting psychological functioning and health risk behaviors seem warranted.