tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TRIPERIDOL IN NEWLY ADMITTED SCHIZOPHRENICS
Authors: LEO E. HOLLISTER, JOHN E. OVERALL, J. LAMAR BENNETT, ISHAM KIMBELL, JACK SHELTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

Fifty-seven newly admitted schizophrenic men were treated with a butyrophenone derivative, triperidol, for 6 weeks. Daily doses, following a brief period of initial build-up, ranged between 1.5 and 12 mg. Treatment was evaluated by 2 rating scales, the BPRS and the IMPS. Significant improvement was noted in 13 of the 16 symptoms scored on the BPRS, on all 10 factors of the IMPS, and on each of 4 syndrome factors derived from the BPRS. The BPRS total pathology change score of 28.0 was comparable to change scores obtained in previous studies of potent phenothiazine antipsychotics in similar patients. Classification of these patients into 3 types, "paranoid," "schizophrenic" and "depressed" on the basis of computer analysis of pre-treatment rating profiles showed that triperidol had a specifically beneficial effect in the former group. Not only does this finding further substantiate the idea that antipsychotic drugs have differing effects on various schizophrenic sub-types, but suggests that in triperidol, we have the most effective drug available for this particular group. Side effects from triperidol were largely due to extrapyramidal syndromes, sedation, paradoxical excitement and anticholinergic effects. The neurological side effects appeared to be qualitatively similar to those from phenothiazines, but perhaps more frequent at the doses of drug used.
Chloroplast Phylogeny Indicates that Bryophytes Are Monophyletic
Authors: Tomoaki Nishiyama, Paul G Wolf, Masanori Kugita, Robert B Sinclair, Mamoru Sugita, Chika Sugiura, Tatsuya Wakasugi, Kyoji Yamada, Koichi Yoshinaga, Kazuo Yamaguchi, Kunihiko Ueda, Mitsuyasu Hasebe
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Opinions on the basal relationship of land plants vary considerably and no phylogenetic tree with significant statistical support has been obtained. Here, we report phylogenetic analyses using 51 genes from the entire chloroplast genome sequences of 20 representative green plant species. The analyses, using translated amino acid sequences, indicated that extant bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) form a monophyletic group with high statistical confidence and that extant bryophytes are likely sisters to extant vascular plants, although the support for monophyletic vascular plants was not strong. Analyses at the nucleotide level could not resolve the basal relationship with statistical confidence. Bryophyte monophyly inferred using amino acid sequences has a good statistical foundation and is not rejected statistically by other data sets. We propose bryophyte monophyly as the currently best hypothesis.
Sensory neuro-immune interactions differ between Irritable Bowel Syndrome subtypes
Authors: Patrick A Hughes, Andrea M Harrington, Joel Castro, Tobias Liebregts, Birgit Adam, Dallas J Grasby, Nicole J Isaacs, Lochana Maldeniya, Chris M Martin, Jenny Persson, Jane M Andrews, Gerald Holtmann, L Ashley Blackshaw, Stuart M Brierley
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> The gut is a major site of contact between immune and sensory systems and evidence suggests that patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have immune dysfunction. Here we show how this dysfunction differs between major IBS subgroups and how immunocytes communicate with sensory nerves. <h3>Design</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants from 20 diarrhoea predominant IBS (D-IBS) patients, 15 constipation predominant IBS (C-IBS) patients and 36 healthy subjects were applied to mouse colonic sensory nerves and effects on mechanosensitivity assessed. Cytokine/chemokine concentration in the supernatants was assessed by proteomic analysis and correlated with abdominal symptoms, and expression of cytokine receptors evaluated in colonic dorsal root ganglia neurons. We then determined the effects of specific cytokines on colonic afferents. <h3>Results</h3> D-IBS supernatants caused mechanical hypersensitivity of mouse colonic afferent endings, which was reduced by infliximab. C-IBS supernatants did not, but occasionally elevated basal discharge. Supernatants of healthy subjects inhibited afferent mechanosensitivity via an opioidergic mechanism. Several cytokines were elevated in IBS supernatants, and levels correlated with pain frequency and intensity in patients. Visceral afferents expressed receptors for four cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. TNF-α most effectively caused mechanical hypersensitivity which was blocked by a transient receptor potential channel TRPA1 antagonist. IL-1β elevated basal firing, and this was lost after tetrodotoxin blockade of sodium channels. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Distinct patterns of immune dysfunction and interaction with sensory pathways occur in different patient groups and through different intracellular pathways. Our results indicate IBS patient subgroups would benefit from selective targeting of the immune system.
Cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides in Singapore: a clinicopathological analysis using recent classification systems
Authors: S.H. Tan, C.S. Sim, B.H. Ong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides in Singapore: a clinicopathological analysis using recent classification systems Get access S.H. Tan, S.H. Tan Institute of Dermatology Singapore, National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205 Dr Suat‐Hoon Tan. E‐mail: shtan@nsc.gov.sg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.S. Sim, C.S. Sim Department of Histopathology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.H. Ong B.H. Ong Department of Histopathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 3, 1 September 2003, Pages 542–553, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05476.x Published: 01 September 2003 Article history Accepted: 20 December 2002 Published: 01 September 2003
Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis, sexual practices, and HIV incidence in men and transgender women who have sex with men: a cohort study
Authors: Robert M Grant, Peter L Anderson, Vanessa McMahan, Albert Liu, K Rivet Amico, Megha Mehrotra, Sybil Hosek, Carlos Mosquera, Martin Casapia, Orlando Montoya, Susan Buchbinder, Valdilea G Veloso, Kenneth Mayer, Suwat Chariyalertsak, Linda-Gail Bekker, Esper G Kallas, Mauro Schechter, Juan Guanira, Lane Bushman, David N Burns, James F Rooney, David V Glidden
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
CD4 + T Cell Tolerance to Tissue-Restricted Self Antigens Is Mediated by Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells Rather Than Deletion
Authors: Francois P. Legoux, Jong-Baeck Lim, Andrew W. Cauley, Stanislav Dikiy, James Ertelt, Thomas J. Mariani, Tim Sparwasser, Sing Sing Way, James J. Moon
Journal: Immunity (2015)
Black-white differences in plasma lipoproteins in Cincinnati schoolchildren (one-to-one pair matched by total plasma cholesterol, sex, and age)
Authors: John A. Morrison, Ido deGroot, Kathe A. Kelly, Margot J. Mellies, Philip Khoury, Donald Lewis, Alcinda Lewis, Mario Fiorelli, Herman A. Tyroler, Gerardo Heiss, Charles J. Glueck
Journal: Metabolism (1979)
Genetics and pathophysiology of arterial stiffness
Authors: P. Lacolley, P. Challande, M. Osborne-Pellegrin, V. Regnault
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular risk factor that is independent of arterial pressure. Clinically, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold-standard parameter of arterial stiffness. Recent genetic studies have revealed specific genes that contribute to arterial stiffening. Here we review the recent findings on genome-wide linkage analyses and candidate gene polymorphism association studies. We also focus on the latest advances in the identification of gene variants affecting PWV using high density array single nucleotide polymorphism technology in a recent genome-wide association (GWA) study. Linkage and polymorphism studies revealed a first group of genes affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, elastic fibre structural components, metalloproteinases, and the NO pathway. A second group of genes, identified by polymorphism association studies and possibly involved in the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness, includes beta-adrenergic receptors, endothelin receptors, and inflammatory molecules. The last group of genes, identified by GWA studies and unrelated to currently suspected mechanisms of arterial stiffness, may target transcriptional pathways controlling gene expression, differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, apoptosis of endothelial cells, or the immune response within the vascular wall.
Heterogeneity of Hemoglobin H Disease in Childhood
Authors: Ashutosh Lal, Michael L. Goldrich, Drucilla A. Haines, Mahin Azimi, Sylvia T. Singer, Elliott P. Vichinsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Early diagnosis during newborn screening or infancy has enabled the observation of the natural history of hemoglobin H disease, a subtype of α-thalassemia.
Preferential infection and depletion of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>–specific CD4 T cells after HIV-1 infection
Authors: Christof Geldmacher, Njabulo Ngwenyama, Alexandra Schuetz, Constantinos Petrovas, Klaus Reither, Edwin J. Heeregrave, Joseph P. Casazza, David R. Ambrozak, Mark Louder, William Ampofo, Georgios Pollakis, Brenna Hill, Erica Sanga, Elmar Saathoff, Leonard Maboko, Mario Roederer, William A. Paxton, Michael Hoelscher, Richard A. Koup
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

HIV-1 infection results in the progressive loss of CD4 T cells. In this study, we address how different pathogen-specific CD4 T cells are affected by HIV infection and the cellular parameters involved. We found striking differences in the depletion rates between CD4 T cells to two common opportunistic pathogens, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). CMV-specific CD4 T cells persisted after HIV infection, whereas MTB-specific CD4 T cells were depleted rapidly. CMV-specific CD4 T cells expressed a mature phenotype and produced very little IL-2, but large amounts of MIP-1β. In contrast, MTB-specific CD4 T cells were less mature, and most produced IL-2 but not MIP-1β. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B–stimulated IL-2–producing cells were more susceptible to HIV infection in vitro than MIP-1β–producing cells. Moreover, IL-2 production was associated with expression of CD25, and neutralization of IL-2 completely abrogated productive HIV infection in vitro. HIV DNA was found to be most abundant in IL-2–producing cells, and least abundant in MIP-1β–producing MTB-specific CD4 T cells from HIV-infected subjects with active tuberculosis. These data support the hypothesis that differences in function affect the susceptibility of pathogen-specific CD4 T cells to HIV infection and depletion in vivo, providing a potential mechanism to explain the rapid loss of MTB-specific CD4 T cells after HIV infection.
Cellular basis of the proliferative response of human T cells to mouse xenoantigens.
Authors: B J Alter, F H Bach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Purified human T cells respond proliferatively to allogenic peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) stimulating cells but show no response to murine splenic stimulating cells. Two possible explanations for the lack of xenogeneic response are that human T cells, educated in a human thymus, cannot directly recognize a molecule as disparate as mouse antigen encoded by H-2 and/or that a cytokine(s) produced by the APCs is needed to allow a proliferative response and that the cytokine(s) produced by murine APC do not provide an adequate stimulus to the human T cells under these conditions. We show here that highly purified human T cells can respond directly in an antigen-specific manner to murine stimulating cells if human rIL-1 or rIL-2 or a T cell growth factor (TCGF) preparation are present in the culture. These findings demonstrate that human T cells can recognize murine antigens and that a highly significant response can be obtained if a human cytokine is present to permit that response.
European Curriculum Recommendations for Training in Paediatric Respiratory Medicine: one step further
Authors: M. Gappa, J.-L. Noel, T. Severin, J. Y. Paton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

The 2010 September issue of Breathe features the Curriculum Recommendations for Training in Paediatric Respiratory Medicine 1; a detailed version of the 24 curriculum modules can also be found online at http://hermes.ersnet.org/. The curriculum is the result of the ongoing work of the Paediatric HERMES (Harmonised Education in Respiratory Medicine for European Specialists) Task Force. It represents the second step of the Task Force’s ongoing work. The goal of the Task Force is to strengthen paediatric respiratory medicine in Europe by increasing quality and harmonising training.

The Task Force, consisting of 17 acknowledged experts in PRM, is strongly supported by the European Respiratory Society (ERS) Headquarters and an educational specialist (J. Busari). Wide-ranging consultation has been used throughout the development process since the Task Force took up its work in 2007. Following an online survey, which highlighted the need to update the first European syllabus in PRM 2, the core syllabus was revised and published in March 2009 3. The syllabus lists the knowledge considered necessary for a paediatric respiratory specialist. It is divided into 24 modules and specifies the required level of knowledge. To ensure the acceptability of the results of the Task Force’s work, development of the syllabus included a modified Delphi process involving: respondents from across Europe, who voted on behalf of their respective National Societies; fellows in training from different countries; and the Task Force members themselves. The tertiary care level of training includes 21 mandatory modules and three optional modules, with a specified level of competence that is to be achieved (table 1). The …
Low Rectal Cancer: A Call for a Change of Approach in Abdominoperineal Resection
Authors: Iris D. Nagtegaal, Cornelius J.H. van de Velde, Corrie A.M. Marijnen, Jan H.J.M. van Krieken, Philip Quirke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Despite the major improvements that have been made due to total mesorectal excision (TME), low rectal cancer still remains a challenge.By investigating a prospective randomized rectal cancer trial in which surgeons had undergone training in TME the factors responsible for the poor outcome were determined and a new method for assessing the quality of surgery was tested.Survival differed greatly between abdominoperineal resection (APR) and anterior resection (AR; 38.5% v 57.6%, P = .008). Low rectal carcinomas have a higher frequency of circumferential margin involvement (26.5% v 12.6%, P < .001). More positive margins were present in the patients operated with APR (30.4%) compared to AR (10.7%, P = .002). Furthermore, more perforations were present in these specimens (13.7% v 2.5%, P < .001). The plane of resection lies within the sphincteric muscle, the submucosa or lumen in more than 1/3 of the APR cases, and in the remainder lay on the sphincteric muscles.We systematically described and investigated the pathologic properties of low rectal cancer in general, and APR in particular, in a prospective randomized trial including surgeons who had been trained in TME. The poor prognosis of the patients with an APR is ascribed to the resection plane of the operation leading to a high frequency of margin involvement by tumor and perforation with this current surgical technique. The clinical results of this operation could be greatly improved by adopting different surgical techniques and possibly greater use of radiochemotherapy.
Psoriasis and phenotype of patients with early inflammatory back pain
Authors: Pascal Richette, Florence Tubach, Maxime Breban, Manuelle Viguier, Hervé Bachelez, Thomas Bardin, Maxime Dougados
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Psoriasis is an important clinical feature in spondyloarthritis. However, the influence of psoriasis on the clinical, functional and imaging features of patients with inflammatory back pain (IBP) related to spondyloarthritis is not known. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the prevalence of psoriasis and its impact in patients with recent IBP suggestive of spondyloarthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> The prevalence of psoriasis was determined in 692 patients (mean age 33.3±8.5 years, 53.8% female, 58.3% human leucocyte antigen B27 positive) included in the DESIR cohort. Demographic characteristics, imaging features and blood tests of patients with and without psoriasis were compared. <h3>Results</h3> The prevalence of psoriasis was 16.6%. Patients with rather than without psoriasis more often presented with enthesitis (59.1% vs 47.5%; p=0.02) and had more active disease (BASDAI 4.8±1.8 vs 4.4±2.0; p=0.05) and poorer functional status (BASFI 3.6±2.2 vs 3.0±2.3; p=0.006; SF-36 (physical function) 61.9±24.4 vs 66.9±24.9; p=0.04). Patients with psoriasis showed higher levels of C-reactive protein (p=0.02), total cholesterol (p=0.01) and triglycerides (p=0.02). The two groups did not differ in structural changes as assessed by standard x-rays or MRI at the spinal and sacroiliac levels. However, ultrasonography of the Achilles tendon revealed psoriasis associated with bone erosions (p=0.0003) and abnormal vascularisation (p=0.04). Multivariate regression analysis revealed BASFI score (p=0.03), cholesterol level (p=0.02), dactylitis (p=0.0006) and family history of psoriasis (p&lt;0.0001) as independent predictors of psoriasis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In patients with recent IBP suggestive of spondyloarthritis, psoriasis is associated with active axial disease and frequent concomitant enthesopathy and dactylitis.
Timing and Order of Transmission Events Is Not Directly Reflected in a Pathogen Phylogeny
Authors: Ethan Romero-Severson, Helena Skar, Ingo Bulla, Jan Albert, Thomas Leitner
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Pathogen phylogenies are often used to infer spread among hosts. There is, however, not an exact match between the pathogen phylogeny and the host transmission history. Here, we examine in detail the limitations of this relationship. First, all splits in a pathogen phylogeny of more than 1 host occur within hosts, not at the moment of transmission, predating the transmission events as described by the pretransmission interval. Second, the order in which nodes in a phylogeny occur may be reflective of the within-host dynamics rather than epidemiologic relationships. To investigate these phenomena, motivated by within-host diversity patterns, we developed a two-phase coalescent model that includes a transmission bottleneck followed by linear outgrowth to a maximum population size followed by either stabilization or decline of the population. The model predicts that the pretransmission interval shrinks compared with predictions based on constant population size or a simple transmission bottleneck. Because lineages coalesce faster in a small population, the probability of a pathogen phylogeny to resemble the transmission history depends on when after infection a donor transmits to a new host. We also show that the probability of inferring the incorrect order of multiple transmissions from the same host is high. Finally, we compare time of HIV-1 infection informed by genetic distances in phylogenies to independent biomarker data, and show that, indeed, the pretransmission interval biases phylogeny-based estimates of when transmissions occurred. We describe situations where caution is needed not to misinterpret which parts of a phylogeny that may indicate outbreaks and tight transmission clusters.
Update in Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease 2010
Authors: Wing Wai Yew, Giovanni Sotgiu, Giovanni Battista Migliori
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Tuberculosis (TB) still remains an important infectious disease and health problem worldwide in 2010. The estimates of its global burden from the World Health Organization (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) in 2009 were 9.4 million incident cases, 14 million prevalent cases, and 1.68 million deaths (with 0.38 million in HIV-positive individuals). Drug resistance and HIV coinfection continue to pose a challenge to the global control of TB. These scenarios have underscored the tremendous enthusiasm sustaining TB research globally and in the United States. In addition, the prevalence of infection/disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is escalating in various parts of the globe. In 2010, 24 studies on TB and NTM were published in the  Journal . These articles are reviewed, alongside others published elsewhere, in this current update.
Discoidin Domain Receptor 1–deficient Mice Are Resistant to Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Carmel Avivi-Green, Mayank Singal, Wolfgang F. Vogel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a tyrosine kinase activated by native collagens. Based on previous findings showing increased DDR1 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, we hypothesized that DDR1 mediates disease progression after lung injury.To investigate the inflammatory and fibrotic responses of DDR1 knockout and wild-type mice to bleomycin-induced lung injury.Age- and sex-matched DDR1 knockout and wild-type C57BL/6 mice received a single intratracheal instillation of 2 U/kg bleomycin or saline, respectively. After 2 wk, lung inflammation and fibrosis were assessed using immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, TUNEL assay, ELISA, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and Western blot analysis.Compared with wild-type animals, DDR1-null mice were largely protected against bleomycin-induced injury. Bleomycin-induced increases in collagen protein levels and tenascin-C mRNA levels were abrogated in knockout animals. Furthermore, myofibroblast expansion and apoptosis were much lower in these animals compared with their wild-type counterparts. Absence of inflammation in knockout mice was confirmed by lavage cell count and a cytokine ELISA. Western blot analysis of injured lung tissue revealed that DDR1-null mice failed to respond to the bleomycin insult with p38 MAPK activation, which was readily observed in wild-type mice.DDR1 expression is a prerequisite for the development of lung inflammation and fibrosis. Blockade of DDR1 may therefore be a novel therapeutic intervention in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.