tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RT-22 * MRI AND FET PET FOR RADIOTHERAPY PLANNING IN RECURRENT HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA (HGG) IN A PROSPECTIVE PHASE I TRIAL
Authors: S. Moller, M. Lundemann, P. M. a. Rosenschold, J. Costa, S. Engelholm, I. Law, H. S. Poulsen, S. A. Engelholm
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Re-irradiation of HGG at recurrence may be a viable treatment option for some patients. Positron emission tomography (PET) using the amino acid tracer, 18F-fluoro-ethyltyrosine (FET) may have higher specificity and sensitivity than MRI in this setting. Both FET PET and MRI were used for target delineation in a prospective trial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of FET PET on the radiotherapy target. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A phase I trial examined the safety of hypofractionated stereotactic re-irradiation at different dose levels. Patients in PS 0-2 with localized recurrence of HGG and no other treatment options were eligible. With MRI, tumor was manually contoured using T1 contrast enhanced sequences. For PET, a threshold of 1.6x mean in background was used in a semi-automatic segmentation procedure. The planning target volume for treatment was the combination of both tumor volumes (MRI and PET) plus a 2 mm margin. Matlab software was used for spatial analyses. (Trial identifier: NCT02025231). RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were included (GBM: n = 22; grade 3 glioma: n = 6). All patients had received radiotherapy and temozolomide, and 61 % had previously received bevacizumab. Median tumor volume defined by MRI and PET was 34 cm3 (range: 0-230 cm3) and 24 cm3 (range:0-214 cm3), respectively. Using PET increased the total gross tumor volume by a median of 10 cm3 (range:0-77 cm3), compared to MRI alone. The median longest distance from the MRI-target to encompass the PET-target was 10 mm (range: 0.6 to 43 mm). CONCLUSION: Tumor volumes defined by MRI and PET were spatially separated by up to 43 mm indicating that large portions of PET positive tumor would be missed if the target was solely based on MRI (T1 + contrast). FET PET may be useful for tumor delineation in re-irradiation of HGG.
Abstract 222: NEK6 promotes JB6 C141 cell transformation and activates STAT3 through its phosphorylation on Ser727
Authors: Kun Yeong Lee, Young Jin Jeon, Ann M. Bode, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract NEK6 (NIMA-related kinase 6) is a homologue of the Aspergillus nidulans protein NIMA (never in mitosis, gene A). We demonstrate that ectopic expression of NEK6 induces anchorage-independent transformation of JB6 Cl41 mouse epidermal cells. Tissue arrays and Western immunoblot analysis show that NEK6 is overexpressed in malignant tissues and several cancer cell lines. We also discovered that NEK6 interacts with STAT3, an oncogenic transcription factor, and phosphorylates STAT3 on Ser(727), which is important for transcriptional activation. Additional studies using NEK6 mutants suggested that the phosphorylation on both Ser(206) and Thr(210) of NEK6 is critical for STAT3 phosphorylation and anchorage-independent transformation of mouse epidermal cells. Notably, knockdown of NEK6 decreased colony formation and STAT3 Ser(727) phosphorylation. Based on our findings, the most likely mechanism that can account for this biological effect involves the activation of STAT3 through the phosphorylation on Ser(727). Because of the critical role that STAT3 plays in mediating oncogenesis, the stimulatory effects of NEK6 on STAT3 and cell transformation suggest that this family of serine/threonine kinases might represent a novel chemotherapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 222. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-222
Case 13-1994
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Kenneth C. Anderson, Jeffery Dzieczkowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Presentation of CaseA 62-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of bilateral epistaxis and orthostatic hypotension. He had a long history of hypertension treated with lisinopril. Gout of five years' duration was suppressed by allopurinol. A left renal-cell carcinoma had been managed by a radical nephrectomy five years before entry. Although the patient felt well, evaluation 7 1/2 weeks before admission showed + proteinuria and 2 red cells and 8 white cells per high-power field. Cytologic examination of a urine specimen was negative. The serum creatinine was 1.6 mg per deciliter (140 μmol per liter). The level of . . .
Abstract 5421: Targeting glucose and glutamine for the metabolic management of systemic metastatic cancer
Authors: Laura M. Shelton, Leanne C. Huysentruyt, Thomas N. Seyfried
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Metastatic cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Current therapeutic options consist of chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapies. However, these therapies are often toxic, effective over a small range of cancer types, or result in drug resistance. Therefore, a more global, less toxic strategy for the management of metastatic cancer is required. Though most cancers display increased glucose metabolism, glutamine is also a major energy substrate for many cancers. We evaluated the anti-metastatic potential of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a glutamine analog, using the new VM mouse model of systemic metastasis. In addition we evaluated the combined inhibition of glucose and glutamine metabolism by treating mice with both DON, which targets glutamine, and calorie restriction (CR), which reduces circulating glucose levels. We found that primary tumor growth was about 20-fold less in DON treated mice than in untreated control mice. We also found that DON treatment administered alone or in combination with CR inhibited metastasis to liver, lung, and kidney as detected by bioluminescence imaging and histology. Although DON treatment alone did not reduce the incidence of tumor metastasis to spleen compared to the controls (68% controls, 50% DON treatment), DON administered together with CR significantly reduced the incidence of metastasis to the spleen to 27%, indicating a diet/drug synergy. Furthermore, DON toxicity was less in the DON + CR group than in the DON alone group. Less DON was needed to achieve the same level of tumor growth inhibition when administered with CR than administered alone. Finally, survival was greater in the DON + CR group than in the DON group alone further illustrating drug/diet synergy. Our findings provide proof of concept that metabolic therapies targeting both glucose and glutamine metabolism can manage systemic metastatic cancer. (Supported by Boston College REG). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5421.
RARE-16MULTIFOCAL GLIOBLASTOMA: A PEDIATRIC CASE AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Tyce Kearl, Mariah Bashir, Bermans Iskandar, Shariar Salamat, Kristin Bradley, Neha Patel, Kristin Casey, Diane Puccetti
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Multifocal glioblastoma is a rare entity in adults and children with an extremely poor prognosis. Multifocal GBM is thought to arise from the spread of the tumor via a connecting pathway. Because of this spread, complete resection is generally unfeasible, especially if it involves deep brain structures. Few cases have been reported in pediatric patients; here we present a pediatric case and literature review. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient is a 14 year old Caucasian girl who presented following several weeks of headache, vertigo, nausea, and visual blurriness. An MRI of her head revealed a large expansile mass centered in the right thalamus with areas of central necrosis causing mass effect and involvement of the right basal ganglia, medial right temporal lobe, and hippocampus with additional foci identified in the left corpus callosum, hypothalamus, and lateral cerebellum. MRI of the spine showed no additional sites of disease. She was admitted and underwent an endoscopic third ventriculostomy, biopsy of the left periventricular tumor, fenestration of the septum pellucidum, and placement of an external ventricular drain. Pathology showed a WHO grade 3 anaplastic astrocytoma. Two treatment options were considered: primary chemoradiotherapy or surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The survival benefit of the surgical approach in multifocal disease is unclear; however, primary radiotherapy has the risk of swelling leading to decreased quality of life. Because of concerns of edema with primary radiotherapy, and in light of the fact that she was already experiencing progressive symptoms due to mass effect, she underwent subtotal resection. Pathology at that time showed small amounts of necrosis making her lesion a grade IV tumor. She then proceeded to adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Multifocal glioblastoma is a rarely encountered brain tumor in children with inadequate treatment options. We present a case and literature review of this entity.
NATURAL HISTORY OF MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION OF CORONARY LIPID-RICH PLAQUES DETECTED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AT BASELINE, 6-MONTH AND 12-MONTH FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Bo Yu, Lei Xing, Jingbo Hou, Xuefeng Ren, Guang Yang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 3992: Tid1, a tumor suppressor, regulating the cancer initiation properties of HNSCC
Authors: Yu-Hsuan Chen, Jeng-Fan Lo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Tid1, a DNAJ/Hsp40 family protein, functions as a tumor suppressor in different types of cancer including HNSCC and influences many signaling pathway in cancer cells. Expression of Tid1 protein is negatively associated with the malignancy of HNSCC cells and tumor tissues. In addition, it has been shown that Tid1 interacts with P53, which exerts negative regulation of Nanog, one of the transcriptional factors to maintain the cellular stemness properties. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process by which epithelial cells lose their polarity and later acquire a migratory mesenchymal phenotype, is one of the crucial processes that induce tumor invasion and metastasis. Further, gain of EMT could promote stem cells (SCs) properties. Accumulating data support the hierarchical model of cancer initiating cells (CICs) or cancer stem cells (CSCs) in that each tumor formation is governed by a rare subpopulation of cells with self-renewal capacity. CICs have been demonstrated to have capacities of promoting tumor growth, tumor regeneration and metastatic progression. Methods: Cancer cells with Tid1 knockdown or overexpression were generated to evaluate the different properties of stemness and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Further, the differential gene expression profile of EMT signature and stemness of cancer cell with Tid1 upregulation or downregulation were examined. Results: We observed that Tid1 knockdown enhanced expression of EMT-activator, Snail, and stemness marker Grp78, Nanog, and also exhibited higher ability of migration, invasion, anchorage-independent and sphere formation. In addition, Tid1 overexpression cells decreased cell mobility, sphere formation ability and displayed loss of EMT-activator and stemness marker. Conclusion: Overall, we proved that expression of Tid1 is negatively correlated with EMT and cancer initiation properties in HNSCC. Tid1 potentially could be a key regulator involved in differentiation of cancer cell. Further, therapeutic strategies on target Tid1 mediated malignant properties will be an alternative treatment on for HNSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3992. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3992
Maintenance or Eradication of Residual Disease in Indolent Lymphoma: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Anton Hagenbeek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Although advanced-stage indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), with follicular NHL as the most frequent histological subtype, is not curable in the vast majority of patients, recent reports suggest that this disease entity has turned step-by-step to a more and more chronic illness. 1 Median survival times for follicular NHL were for the past 30 years thought to be in the order of 10 to 12 years, but are now reported to be in excess of 18 years. 2 Though only in a small, select subpopulation of younger patients, longer disease-free survival times and even cures are achieved using allogeneic stem cell transplantation acting through its graft-versus-lymphoma effect. 3 Focusing on follicular NHL, it was clear in the conventional chemotherapy era that remissions could be achieved in a significant portion of patients, but after each relapse the remissions were shorter. However, since the
Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) closure of a gastrobronchial fistula after esophagectomy
Authors: Andreas Fischer, Jens Höppner, Stefan Utzolino, Hans-Jürgen Richter-Schrag
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 60-year-old man with Barrett carcinoma underwent thoracoabdominal esophagectomy with reconstruction by gastric pull-up and tubularization of the gastric conduit. The ventral part of the esophagogastrostomy was covered with the remnant gastric fundus as an anterior hemiplication. One year later, the patient developed a persistent cough, especially in a recumbent position. Assessments by endoscopy (gastroscopy, bronchoscopy) and computed tomography (CT) scan did not reveal any evidence of an intestinobronchial fistula. Finally, the patient was treated for psychogenic coughing.
The Management of Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Alastair J.J. Wood, Jayne A. Franklyn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Hyperthyroidism is common, affecting approximately 2 percent of women and 0.2 percent of men1. There are three principal treatments -- antithyroid drugs, radioiodine, and surgery -- all of which are effective, but opinions differ about the indications for them2 because no single treatment regularly results in permanent euthyroidism.Investigation of HyperthyroidismWhen hyperthyroidism is suspected, the diagnosis should be confirmed by measurement of serum thyrotropin and total or free thyroxine, which are usually present in low and high concentrations, respectively (Figure 1)3. If the thyrotropin level is low but the thyroxine level is normal, serum triiodothyronine should be . . .
P143 Exploration of patient activity levels following thoracotomy and lung resection
Authors: P. Agostini, H. Cieslik, B. Naidu, S. Singh
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Reduced activity is a routine observation following major surgery, however no studies have yet measured or explored this. Causative factors include sedative drugs, reduced exercise tolerance and pain, as well as pre-existing pathology. We aimed to measure postoperative activity and observe outcomes of thoracotomy and lung resection patients, as well as identify predictive factors. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective observational study was conducted in a regional thoracic surgery centre. Sense Wear Pro 3 armbands were worn by patients from postoperative day (POD) 1 to 4. Postoperative physiotherapy included early mobilisation, which was progressed daily. <h3>Results</h3> 99 patients were observed, 46 male (46%) and 92 (93%) had lung cancer. Mean (SD) age was 67 (±10) years and percentage predicted FEV<sub>1</sub> 75% (±19). During PODs 2/3 patients took a median (IQR) of 472 (908) steps with &gt;99% of time spent in sedentary activity (&lt;3 METs). Low activity was defined as &lt;500 steps during PODs 2/3 (n=50), and high activity &gt;500 steps (n=49). Patients with lower activity demonstrated a median of only 220 (282) steps compared to 1128 (960) in more active patients (p&lt;0.001), less time spent in moderate activity &gt;3 METS (p=0.003) and more perceived pain during PODs 2/3 (p=0.013 and 0.004 respectively). Frequency of postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) was 4% (n=2) vs 20% (n=10) (p=0.34) in patients with lower activity, with a median LOS of 6 (3) days vs 5 (2) days (p=0.013). Logistic regression identified age =75 years, predicted FEV<sub>1</sub> &lt;70% and poor preoperative activity to be predictive of reduced postoperative activity, and COPD predictive of PPC (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Low activity levels following thoracotomy are common despite regular physiotherapy; studies measuring pre and postoperative activity are needed to reveal the exact impact of surgery. It is not known whether reduced activity may cause PPC, or vice versa, and studies randomising patients to lower/ higher activity are needed to confirm this. Predictive factors could potentially be modified by preoperative physiotherapy/rehabilitation, and targeted postoperative exercise and escalation of analgesia may also be beneficial, however, evaluation of these strategies is required.
Reduction in New Metastases in Breast Cancer with Adjuvant Clodronate Treatment
Authors: Ingo J. Diel, Erich-Franz Solomayer, Serban D. Costa, Christina Gollan, Ronald Goerner, Diethelm Wallwiener, Manfred Kaufmann, Gunther Bastert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Bisphosphonates are effective against the increased bone resorption caused by certain diseases because they inhibit the activity of osteoclasts. In patients who have breast cancer and metastatic bone disease, the bisphosphonate clodronate (clodronic acid) reduces the frequency of skeletal complications. Experiments in animals and preliminary clinical observations indicate that early clodronate therapy reduces the incidence of new bony metastases in breast cancer. We investigated the effects of clodronate on the incidence and extent of new metastases in patients with breast cancer.
Formation, Transport, Metabolism and Excretion of Bilirubin
Authors: Lawrence M. Gartner, Irwin M. Arias
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

THE formation of bilirubin and its elimination from the body as a waste product of heme catabolism require a series of metabolic alterations and transport processes. Partial or complete failure at any point in this sequence can result in jaundice. This review will place particular emphasis on alterations of bilirubin metabolism and transport that are important in the pathogenesis of hyperbilirubinemia.Bilirubin SynthesisAlthough approximately 85 per cent of the bilirubin formed in the body is derived from senescent erythrocytes by conversion of the heme of hemoglobin to biliverdin and subsequent reduction to bilirubin within reticuloendothelial cells, little is known . . .
Respiratory syncytial virus infection activates IL-13–producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells through thymic stromal lymphopoietin
Authors: Matthew T. Stier, Melissa H. Bloodworth, Shinji Toki, Dawn C. Newcomb, Kasia Goleniewska, Kelli L. Boyd, Marc Quitalig, Anne L. Hotard, Martin L. Moore, Tina V. Hartert, Baohua Zhou, Andrew N. McKenzie, R. Stokes Peebles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major health care burden with a particularly high worldwide morbidity and mortality rate among infants. Data suggest that severe RSV-associated illness is in part caused by immunopathology associated with a robust type 2 response.
P4-11-18: Mammographic Surveillance in Atypical Hyperplasia of the Breast and Subsequent Development of Cancer. A Need for Long Term Follow Up.
Authors: R Koron, U Sridharan, G Mitchell, C Holcombe
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction Atypical hyperplasia of the breast is a known risk factor for breast cancer. Despite this risk there are no published guidelines on a recommended follow up regime for these patients. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 1920 core biopsy results within a major screening breast unit from 2001 to 2005. Patients who had a final diagnosis of Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia (ADH), Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia (ALH) and Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) were included. Information was extracted from multidisciplinary team meeting records, departmental data bases, pathology and radiology reports. Details of follow up and subsequent cancer diagnosis were noted. Results 83 patients were diagnosed with ALH, ADH or LCIS from a core biopsy. The mean age was 54 years (range 40–85 years). Seventy six (91.6%) of these patients went on to have an excision biopsy. Sixty four (77.1%) women have received long term mammographic follow up ranging from 5 to 9 years to date. Nineteen patients did not receive mammographic surveillance. Of this group 2 patients with LCIS had bilateral risk reducing mastectomies and 2 patients died shortly after diagnosis with no evidence of breast cancer. Eight patients developed breast cancer 3 to 8 years after their initial diagnosis. Of these, four patients developed cancer in the same breast that atypia had been diagnosed in previously, and four in the contra lateral breast. Conclusion 12.5 % of patients in the follow up group developed breast cancer within 8 years of diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia. A review of the literature suggests that in view of the increased risk of subsequent breast cancer in this group of women long term follow up is required. On the basis of these findings we recommend that all patients diagnosed with ALH, ADH or LCIS should be entered into an 18 monthly mammogram surveillance programme for 15 years. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-18.
PWE-182 Mortality After Peg: Review of 259 Peg Procedures at a District General Hospital over A 7 Year Period: Abstract PWE- 182 Table 1
Authors: K Thavanesan, K Barnett, S Harding, D Hartley, S Al-Shamma, S A Weaver, S D McLaughlin
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) is commonly performed in patients that require medium to long-term enteral feeding. In 2004 NCEPOD reviewed the 30day mortality and rate of complications following therapeutic endoscopy. They reported a 6% 30 day mortality and made recommendations regarding changes in practise. Nationally there is little published data on the 1 year mortality following this procedure. In 2010 we introduced changes to our practise including: 1. The review of all PEG referrals by a nutrition team, 2. Stringently avoiding PEG for 2 weeks following stroke, 3. Avoiding PEG in patients with pneumonia or other inter-current illness. <h3>Aim</h3> to review the 30day and 1 year mortality following PEG at our institution since the NCEPOD publication. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective endoscopy database is maintained at our institution (HICCS). We searched the database for primary PEG procedures during the period of Jan 2005 to September 2012 and reviewed electronic medical records to establish the overall 30 day and 1 year mortality, and also mortality by indication. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 259 procedures were performed. Indications were: Stroke n = 130 (50%), Multiple sclerosis (MS) n = 28 (10.85%), Motor neurone disease (MND) n = 19 (7.36%). Mortality data is given in table 1. Overall 30 day mortality by indication was: Stroke 10.8%, MND, 6.3%, MS 12.5% 1 year mortality: Stroke 31.27%, MND 50.0%, MS 30.7%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Stroke is the commonest indication for PEG at our hospital. The mean annual 30day mortality following PEG at our hospital is above that reported by NCEPOD but has fallen considerably since 2010 suggesting that changes in our practise have been effective. 1 year mortality in MND patients is high and emphasises the importance of careful patient selection. We recommend that other institutions with a high 30 day mortality following PEG adopt the changes in practise outlined above. Ongoing audit of our practise is required. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.