tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced Neural Habituation in the Amygdala and Social Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Natalia M Kleinhans, L Clark Johnson, Todd Richards, Roderick Mahurin, Jessica Greenson, Geraldine Dawson, Elizabeth Aylward
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: Amygdala dysfunction has been proposed as a critical component in social impairment in autism spectrum disorders. This study was designed to investigate whether abnormal habituation characterizes amygdala dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders and whether the rate of amygdala habituation is related to social impairment. Method: Using functional MRI, the authors measured change over time in activation of the amygdala and fusiform gyrus to neutral facial stimuli in adults with autism spectrum disorders and healthy comparison adults. Results: The comparison group evidenced significantly greater amygdala habituation bilaterally than the autism spectrum group. There were no group differences in overall fusiform habituation. For the autism spectrum group, lower levels of habituation of the amygdala to the face stimuli were associated with more severe social impairment. Conclusions: These results suggest amygdala hyperarousal in autism spectrum disorders in response to socially relevant stimuli. Further, sustained amygdala arousal may contribute to the social deficits observed in autism spectrum disorders.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiopoietin-1 Stimulate Postnatal Hematopoiesis by Recruitment of Vasculogenic and Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Koichi Hattori, Sergio Dias, Beate Heissig, Neil R. Hackett, David Lyden, Masatoshi Tateno, Daniel J. Hicklin, Zhenping Zhu, Larry Witte, Ronald G. Crystal, Malcolm A.S. Moore, Shahin Rafii
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Tyrosine kinase receptors for angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) are expressed not only by endothelial cells but also by subsets of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To further define their role in the regulation of postnatal hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis, VEGF and Ang-1 plasma levels were elevated by injecting recombinant protein or adenoviral vectors expressing soluble VEGF165, matrix-bound VEGF189, or Ang-1 into mice. VEGF165, but not VEGF189, induced a rapid mobilization of HSCs and VEGF receptor (VEGFR)2+ circulating endothelial precursor cells (CEPs). In contrast, Ang-1 induced delayed mobilization of CEPs and HSCs. Combined sustained elevation of Ang-1 and VEGF165 was associated with an induction of hematopoiesis and increased marrow cellularity followed by proliferation of capillaries and expansion of sinusoidal space. Concomitant to this vascular remodeling, there was a transient depletion of hematopoietic activity in the marrow, which was compensated by an increase in mobilization and recruitment of HSCs and CEPs to the spleen resulting in splenomegaly. Neutralizing monoclonal antibody to VEGFR2 completely inhibited VEGF165, but not Ang-1–induced mobilization and splenomegaly. These data suggest that temporal and regional activation of VEGF/VEGFR2 and Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling pathways are critical for mobilization and recruitment of HSCs and CEPs and may play a role in the physiology of postnatal angiogenesis and hematopoiesis.
Open-label, multicenter study of self-administered icatibant for attacks of hereditary angioedema
Authors: W. Aberer, M. Maurer, A. Reshef, H. Longhurst, S. Kivity, A. Bygum, T. Caballero, B. Bloom, N. Nair, A. Malbrán
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Historically, treatment for hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks has been administered by healthcare professionals (HCPs). Patient self-administration could reduce delays between symptom onset and treatment, and attack burden. The primary objective was to assess the safety of self-administered icatibant in patients with HAE type I or II. Secondary objectives included patient convenience and clinical efficacy of self-administration.In this phase IIIb, open-label, multicenter study, adult patients were trained to self-administer a single 30-mg icatibant subcutaneous injection to treat their next attack. Icatibant-naïve patients were treated by an HCP prior to self-administration. Evaluations included adverse event (AE) reporting, a validated questionnaire for convenience, and visual analog scale for efficacy.A total of 151 patients were enrolled; 104 had an attack requiring treatment during the study, and 97 patients (19 naïve) were included in the self-administration cohort. Recurrence or worsening of HAE symptoms (22 of 97) was the most commonly reported AE; rescue medications including icatibant (N = 3) and C1-inhibitor concentrate (N = 6) were used in 13 cases. Overall, 89 of 97 patients used a single injection of icatibant. No serious AEs or hospitalizations were reported. Most patients (91.7%) found self-administration preferable to administration in the clinic. The median time to symptom relief (3.8 h) was comparable with results from controlled trials of icatibant.With appropriate training, patients were successfully able to recognize HAE attacks and decide when to self-administer icatibant. This, coupled with the patient-reported high degree of satisfaction, convenience and ease of use supports the adoption of icatibant self-administration in clinical practice.
New Approaches to Health Care for Displaced Populations
Authors: Schuyler W. Henderson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees-as somebody who, "owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country." 1 Recent estimates suggest that there are approximately 50 million displaced persons worldwide, including internally displaced persons (who have not crossed international borders) and refugees. 2 Health care professionals engage with these populations in numerous ways, ranging from personal, clinical encounters with refugee patients to participation in international medical interventions.Good intentions and sound medical knowledge, however, are not sufficient to provide the health care required by this community of patients.With their history of displacement, persecution, fragmentation of cultural and familial structures, and violation of human rights, displaced persons have a more complicated biopsychosocial profile than most patients in the United States. 3 By becoming more aware of the various issues that affect members of displaced communities, health care providers may become better at confronting their acute and long-term health problems.Furthermore, the health care issues that apply to these populations may also apply to others who do not exactly fit the United Nations definition.Illegal residents or immigrants, those who have been internally displaced, and asylees who do not yet have official refugee status, for example, may benefit from the approaches and perspectives described for refugees.This issue of MS JAMA examines the special problems faced by refugees and displaced persons.Richard Mollica provides a model for how to incorporate the patient's trauma story into the primary care medical interview, so that this essential part of this story is not missed.Health care professionals must take into account the complicated perspectives of culture, human rights, and the ethical problems of international intervention.Stevan Weine proposes a more active engagement with the ramifications of culture in health care interventions, particularly as it pertains to the patient's family and local physicians.Alejandro Moreno and colleagues review the epidemiology of human rights violations in displaced populations and suggest how these might be addressed through the education of physicians and an awareness of human rights violations in the clinical encounter.Gina Jae interviews Philip Gourevitch, the author of We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families, a powerful and critical analysis of the genocide and refugee crises in Rwanda in 1994.Ferid Agani examines the mental health system of Kosova after the war and NATO interventions of 1999, focusing on the importance of recognizing local institutions in the rebuilding that goes on after such crises.
Intracoronary Cardiosphere-Derived Cells After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Konstantinos Malliaras, Raj R. Makkar, Rachel R. Smith, Ke Cheng, Edwin Wu, Robert O. Bonow, Linda Marbán, Adam Mendizabal, Eugenio Cingolani, Peter V. Johnston, Gary Gerstenblith, Karl H. Schuleri, Albert C. Lardo, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Fertility, infertility and the human embryo: ethics, law and practice of human artificial procreation
Authors: D Evans
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

This paper presents the key elements of the Final Report to the European Commission from a Concerted Action (no. BMH1-CT92–1276) sponsored under the Commission’s BIOMED programme. The purpose of that Concerted Action (CA) was to bring together scholars from a variety of European countries and a variety of academic and clinical disciplines to examine the ethics, law and practice of clinical assisted reproduction services and research upon human embryos. (The detailed objectives of the Concerted Action are given below in paragraph 1.2.) As the name implies, the Concerted Action ‘concerted’ or coordinated the research activities of these individual scholars—activities that would otherwise have been undertaken in isolation, if at all. The Report is presented here in two parts. Part One describes the Concerted Action, and presents its conclusions and recommendations, together with a series of cases embodying specific legal, clinical and ethical problems in the field of human assisted reproduction and research in human embryology. These cases were used as a focus by the participating scholars in producing their conclusions and recommendations. Part Two consists of a synoptic academic reflection upon the issues of substance which the participating scholars identified and addressed in the course of their investigations. The substantive papers themselves could of course not be presented here, but as well as being submitted to the European Commission as a part of the original Final Report they have been published in two volumes (Evans, D. (ed), 1996, Creating the Child and Conceiving the Embryo) in March 1996, and as such are in the public domain.
Treatment of complicated spontaneous pneumothorax by simple talc pleurodesis under thoracoscopy and local anaesthesia
Authors: J. M. Tschopp, M. Brutsche, J. G. Frey
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Complicated (recurring or persistent) spontaneous pneumothorax requires treatment either by talc pleurodesis with bullae electrocoagulation or, more aggressively, by thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. However, the relative merits of bullectomy, pleurectomy, and pleurodesis have not yet been established in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.The complications, duration of drainage, length of hospital stay, and immediate and long term success rate of treating complicated spontaneous pneumothorax with talc pleurodesis under local anaesthesia supplemented with nitrous oxide were studied.Talc pleurodesis was performed in 93 patients without serious complication (two benign arrhythmias, two subcutaneous emphysema, two pneumonia, one bronchospasm). The procedure was immediately successful in 90 patients (97%) with a median duration of drainage of five days (range 2-40) and a median length of hospital stay of 5.2 days (range 3-40). After a mean follow up duration of 5.1 (range 1-9.4) years in 84 cases the long term success rate was 95%, although six cases developed a small localised recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax which did not require further surgery. Macroscopic staging at thoracoscopy was only carried out in the last 59 cases of whom 10 (17%) had bullae with a diameter of > 2 cm. In this group of patients the risk of definitive failure requiring surgery was significantly higher than in those patients without such bullae (odds ratio 7; confidence interval 3.7 to 13.3; p = 0.03), although eight of these patients did not require thoracotomy. Total lung capacity was reduced immediately after talc pleurodesis (mean (SD) 75 (23)% predicted at 10 days) but had improved to 95 (14)% predicted at 12 months.This study shows that simple thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis under local anaesthesia is a safe and effective treatment for complicated spontaneous pneumothorax. However, patients with bullae of > 2 cm in diameter have a greater risk of treatment failure.
Emergency phlebography service: is it worth while?
Authors: M J Charig, E W Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (1987)

should be encouraged.In the mean time dentists should follow all the recommended measures of asepsis, disinfection, and sterilisation beginning with, among others, handwashing and care ofhands and decontamination of instruments and environmental surfaces and ending with disposal of waste materials.3Our findings are further evidence ofwidespread contamination by HBsAg- in areas where carriage rates are high and reinforce the view that vaccination against hepatitis B should be extended to everyone living in such an area.Such a mass vaccination programme would be prohibitively expensive, however, and we therefore suggest that certainly all children aged 3 months to 12 years should be vaccinated 'using the cheaper but equally effective protocol developed by us4'5 and accepted by both the French and Italian health authorities.
Increased Myocardial Collagen Content in Transgenic Rats Overexpressing Cardiac Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Is Related to Enhanced Breakdown of <i>N</i> -Acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro and Increased Phosphorylation of Smad2/3
Authors: Saraswati Pokharel, Peter P. van Geel, Umesh C. Sharma, Jack P.M. Cleutjens, Holger Bohnemeier, Xiao-Li Tian, Heribert Schunkert, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Martin Paul, Yigal M. Pinto
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Although increased activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been associated with increased cardiac collagen, no studies to date have established a direct cause-and-effect relation between the two.We used transgenic rats that overexpress human ACE selectively in the myocardium. Two independent heterozygous transgenic rat lines were studied, one expressing 2 to 3 copies (L1172) and the other expressing 5 to 10 copies (L1173) of the ACE transgene. These rats were normotensive but developed a proportionate increase in myocardial collagen depending on the ACE gene dose (up to 2.5-fold, P<0.01), but cardiac angiotensin II levels remained normal, whereas collagen content reversed to control levels on ACE inhibition. To explain these changes, we investigated N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (AcSDKP), an alternative substrate that is catabolized exclusively by ACE. Increased cardiac expression of ACE was paralleled by a reciprocal decrease in cardiac AcSDKP and a proportionate increase in phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3, all of which normalized after both ACE inhibition and AcSDKP infusion. Furthermore, a functional link of this signaling cascade was demonstrated, because AcSDKP inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner in cultured cardiac fibroblasts and in vivo.Our findings suggest that increased cardiac ACE activity can increase cardiac collagen content by degradation of AcSDKP, an inhibitor of the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor-beta signaling molecules Smad2 and Smad3. This implies that the antifibrotic effects of ACE inhibitors are mediated in part by increasing cardiac AcSDKP, with subsequent inhibition of Smad 2/3 phosphorylation.
[20] EXENDIN-4 RESTORES PPAR-ALPHA AND PPAR-GAMMA ACTIVITY IN NASH AND REDUCES INSULIN RESISTANCE, PRO-INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND TOTAL FATTY ACID CONTENT
Authors: G. Svegliati-Baron, G. Fava, S. Saccomanno, C. Rychlicki, D. Pacetti, C. Candelaresi, M. Marzioni, A. Di Sario, N. Frega, A. Casini, A. Benedetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Decreased kinase activity of insulin receptors from adipocytes of non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
Authors: G R Freidenberg, R R Henry, H H Klein, D R Reichart, J M Olefsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor was examined with partially-purified insulin receptors from adipocytes obtained from 13 lean nondiabetics, 14 obese nondiabetics, and 13 obese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Incubation of receptors at 4 degrees C with [gamma-32P]ATP and insulin resulted in a maximal 10-12-fold increase in autophosphorylation of the 92-kDa beta-subunit of the receptor with a half maximal effect at 1-3 ng/ml free insulin. Insulin receptor kinase activity in the three experimental groups was measured by means of both autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of the exogenous substrate Glu4:Tyr1. In the absence of insulin, autophosphorylation and Glu4:Tyr1 phosphorylation activities, measured with equal numbers of insulin receptors, were comparable among the three groups. In contrast, insulin-stimulated kinase activity was comparable in the control and obese subjects, but was reduced by approximately 50% in the NIDDM group. These findings indicate that the decrease in kinase activity in NIDDM resulted from a reduction in coupling efficiency between insulin binding and activation of the receptor kinase. The insulin receptor kinase defects observed in NIDDM could be etiologically related to insulin resistance in NIDDM and the pathogenesis of the diabetic state.
Expression of transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) proteins and their role in hepatic stellate cell motility and wound healing migration
Authors: Antonio Mazzocca, Vinicio Carloni, Silvia Cappadona Sciammetta, Claudia Cordella, Pietro Pantaleo, Anna Caldini, Paolo Gentilini, Massimo Pinzani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
US cervical cancer prevention efforts are falling short
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Background: Angiogenesis is an essential process in the development, growth and metastasis of malignant tumors such as colon cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor. A case control study was carried out to determine whether there is an association between the VEGF 936C&gt;T polymorphism and colon cancer. Patients and Methods: DNA samples taken from 262 colon cancer patients and 229 healthy controls were amplified by polymerase chain reaction for the VEGF 936C&gt;T polymorphism. Results: Genotype frequencies of the VEGF 936C&gt;T polymorphism were significantly different between patient and control groups (CT+TT, odds ratio(OR): 1.524, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.033-2.249). When stratified by gender and age, the frequencies of the T allele-bearing genotypes significantly increased risk for colon cancer in women and patients younger than 55 years (in women, OR: 1.996, 95% CI: 1.151-3.464 and in &lt;55 years, OR: 4.156, 95% CI: 1.885-9.163). In addition, this association remained in most cases with distal and proximal colon cancer. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the VEGF 936C&gt;T polymorphism might be a genetic determinant for colon cancer, at least in Koreans.
Track My Health: a mobile application that allows patients to monitor their health
Authors: Patrick S Tucker, Aaron T Scanlan, Vincent J Dalbo
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Workers from Youth Custody Centres are submitted to several occupational stressors in Brazil. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of occupational stress in mental health and quality of life of workers from a youth custody centre. <h3>Methods</h3> Cross-sectional study with a sample of 208 civil servants from a youth custody centre in southern Brazil. We used the Job Stress Scale (JSS) to analyse the exposure to psychological demands, job control and social support at work, based on the job strain model. Outcomes were measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life instrument – brief version (WHOQOL-bref) to evaluate anxiety, depression and quality of life of workers. <h3>Results</h3> Physical, social relationships and environmental domains of quality of life had low mean scores in our sample. Job strain was associated with lower scores in all quality of life domains. Psychological demands and low social support were strongly associated to worse scores in quality of life. Anxiety and depression were also strongly associated to worse quality of life. <h3>Discussion</h3> Occupational stress and bad mental health are associated to worse scores in quality of life in these workers.
A Randomized Trial of Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: The BARI 2D Study Group
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Optimal treatment for patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable ischemic heart disease has not been established.We randomly assigned 2368 patients with both type 2 diabetes and heart disease to undergo either prompt revascularization with intensive medical therapy or intensive medical therapy alone and to undergo either insulin-sensitization or insulin-provision therapy. Primary end points were the rate of death and a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (major cardiovascular events). Randomization was stratified according to the choice of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) as the more appropriate intervention.At 5 years, rates of survival did not differ significantly between the revascularization group (88.3%) and the medical-therapy group (87.8%, P=0.97) or between the insulin-sensitization group (88.2%) and the insulin-provision group (87.9%, P=0.89). The rates of freedom from major cardiovascular events also did not differ significantly among the groups: 77.2% in the revascularization group and 75.9% in the medical-treatment group (P=0.70) and 77.7% in the insulin-sensitization group and 75.4% in the insulin-provision group (P=0.13). In the PCI stratum, there was no significant difference in primary end points between the revascularization group and the medical-therapy group. In the CABG stratum, the rate of major cardiovascular events was significantly lower in the revascularization group (22.4%) than in the medical-therapy group (30.5%, P=0.01; P=0.002 for interaction between stratum and study group). Adverse events and serious adverse events were generally similar among the groups, although severe hypoglycemia was more frequent in the insulin-provision group (9.2%) than in the insulin-sensitization group (5.9%, P=0.003).Overall, there was no significant difference in the rates of death and major cardiovascular events between patients undergoing prompt revascularization and those undergoing medical therapy or between strategies of insulin sensitization and insulin provision. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00006305.)
Abstract 15822: Novel Method 'Fucci' Elucidated the Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Dynamics in Various Life Stages
Authors: Hisayuki Hashimoto, Shinsuke Yuasa, Shugo Tohyama, Tomohisa Seki, Toru Egashira, Kojiro Yae, Dai Kusumoto, Masaki Kodaira, Fumiyuki Hattori, Naoto Muraoka, Hidenori Tabata, Kazunori Nakajima, Asako Sakaue-Sawano, Atsushi Miyawaki, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Circulation (2010)