tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preweaning food intake influences the adiposity of young adult baboons.
Authors: D S Lewis, H A Bertrand, C A McMahan, H C McGill, K D Carey, E J Masoro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The hypothesis that preweaning nutrition influences adult fat cell number and adiposity was tested in baboons. Newborn baboons were fed Similac formulas with caloric densities of 40.5 kcal (underfed), 67.5 kcal (fed normally), and 94.5 kcal (overfed) per 100 g formula. From weaning (16 wk) until necropsy at 5 yr of age all baboons were fed the same diet. At necropsy, fat cell number and fat cell size in 10 fat depots were measured. Female baboons overfed as infants had markedly greater fat depot mass, primarily because of fat cell hypertrophy, than normally fed or underfed females. Overfed male baboons had a greater fat mass in 4 of 10 depots compared with males underfed or fed normally as infants. Underfeeding did not affect body weight, nor adipose mass of either sex. The results show that infant food intake does not have a major influence on the fat cell number of young adult baboons.
Early treatment of obstructive apnoea and stroke outcome: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: O. Parra, Á. Sánchez-Armengol, M. Bonnin, A. Arboix, F. Campos-Rodríguez, J. Pérez-Ronchel, J. Durán-Cantolla, G. de la Torre, J.R. González Marcos, M. de la Peña, M. Carmen Jiménez, F. Masa, I. Casado, M. Luz Alonso, J.L. Macarrón
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in ischaemic stroke patients followed for 2 yrs. Stroke patients with an apnoea–hypopnoea index ≥20 events·h −1 were randomised to early nCPAP (n = 71; 3–6 days after stroke onset) or conventional treatment (n = 69). The Barthel Index, Canadian Scale, Rankin Scale and Short Form-36 were measured at baseline, and at 1, 3, 12 and 24 months. The percentage of patients with neurological improvement 1 month after stroke was significantly higher in the nCPAP group (Rankin scale 90.9 versus 56.3% (p&lt;0.01); Canadian scale 88.2 versus 72.7% (p&lt;0.05)). The mean time until the appearance of cardiovascular events was longer in the nCPAP group (14.9 versus 7.9 months; p = 0.044), although cardiovascular event-free survival after 24 months was similar in both groups. The cardiovascular mortality rate was 0% in the nCPAP group and 4.3% in the control group (p = 0.161). Early use of nCPAP seems to accelerate neurological recovery and to delay the appearance of cardiovascular events, although an improvement in patients’ survival or quality of life was not shown.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Followed By Goserelin Compared With Either Modality Alone: The Impact on Amenorrhea, Hot Flashes, and Quality of Life in Premenopausal Patients—The International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial VIII
Authors: Jürg Bernhard, David Zahrieh, Monica Castiglione-Gertsch, Christoph Hürny, Richard D. Gelber, John F. Forbes, Elizabeth Murray, John Collins, Stefan Aebi, Beat Thürlimann, Karen N. Price, Aron Goldhirsch, Alan S. Coates
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose The purpose of this article is to compare quality of life (QOL) and menopausal symptoms among premenopausal patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer receiving chemotherapy, goserelin, or their sequential combination, and to investigate differential effects by age. Patients and Methods We evaluated QOL data from 874 pre- and perimenopausal women with lymph node-negative breast cancer who were randomly assigned to receive six courses of classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy, ovarian suppression with goserelin for 24 months, or six courses of classical CMF followed by 18 months of goserelin. We report QOL data collected during 3 years after random assignment in patients without disease recurrence. Results Overall, patients receiving goserelin alone showed a marked improvement or less deterioration in QOL measures over the first 6 months than those patients treated with CMF. There were no differences at 3 years after random assignment according to treatment except for hot flashes. As reflected in the hot flashes scores, patients in all three treatment groups experienced induced amenorrhea, but the onset of ovarian function suppression was slightly delayed for patients receiving chemotherapy. Younger patients (&lt; 40 years) who received goserelin alone returned to their premenopausal status at 6 months after the cessation of therapy, while those who received CMF showed marginal changes from their baseline hot flashes scores. Conclusion Age-adjusted risk profiles that consider patient-reported outcomes enable patients to adapt to their disease and treatment, such as considering the trade-offs between delayed endocrine symptoms, but higher risk of permanent menopause with chemotherapy, and immediate but reversible endocrine symptoms with goserelin, in younger premenopausal patients.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Carbonless Copy Paper
Authors: James G. Marks
Journal: JAMA (1981)

PAPERMAKING, as the Chinese developed it almost 2,000 years ago, was a simple process using natural ingredients. The basic procedure involved breaking up raw materials such as straw, leaves, and rags into cellulose fibers. These fibers were suspended in water and formed into felted sheets with a filtering device. The modern paper-pulp industry has modified the basic process with various chemicals to refine and alter the wood pulp. It is a highly technical science requiring both natural and synthetic materials. The composition of the final product varies depending on the intended use, whether it be for writing, printing, wrapping, filtering, or cleaning. In this report, allergic contact dermatitis to a new paper product, carbonless copy paper, is documented. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 21-year-old woman had a 1 1/2-year history of an intermittent eruption of the face and neck (Fig 1). She worked as a clerk in a college registrar's
Screening and counselling in the primary care setting for women who have experienced intimate partner violence (WEAVE): a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kelsey Hegarty, Lorna O'Doherty, Angela Taft, Patty Chondros, Stephanie Brown, Jodie Valpied, Jill Astbury, Ann Taket, Lisa Gold, Gene Feder, Jane Gunn
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Influence of Age on Pain Relief From Analgesics
Authors: J. Weldon Bellville
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Seven hundred and twelve patients who received 10 mg of morphine sulfate or 20 mg of pentazocine or both for acute postoperative pain were studied for possible correlations between pain relief and patient characteristics. Age proved to be highly correlated with pain relief reports, in that the older age group reported more pain relief. These data are consistent with the results of earlier studies of experimental pain, as well as with the results of studies of the response of patients to placebos. We believe that it is more important to adjust dosage of a narcotic analgesic in relation to a patient's age than in relation to height, weight, or other patient characteristics.
RSF1 Is a Positive Regulator of NF-κB–Induced Gene Expression Required for Ovarian Cancer Chemoresistance
Authors: Yeong-In Yang, Ji-Hye Ahn, Kyung-Tae Lee, Ie-Ming Shih, Jung-Hye Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Overexpression or amplification of the RSF1 gene has been associated with poor prognosis in various human cancers, including ovarian cancer. In previous work, RSF1 was identified as an amplified gene that facilitated the development of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer. In the present study, we further demonstrated that RSF1 expression inversely correlated with paclitaxel response in patients with ovarian cancer and the mouse xenograft model. In addition, RSF1-overexpressing paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines were found to express elevated levels of genes regulated by NF-κB, including some involved with the evasion of apoptosis (CFLAR, XIAP, BCL2, and BCL2L1) and inflammation (PTGS2). In addition, ectopic expression of RSF1 using Tet-off inducible SKOV3 cells significantly enhanced NF-κB–dependent gene expression and transcriptional activation of NF-κB. An RSF1 knockdown using short hairpin RNAs suppressed these same pathways. Moreover, pretreatment with NF-κB inhibitors or downregulation of NF-κB–regulated gene expression considerably enhanced paclitaxel sensitivity in RSF1-overexpressing OVCAR3 and/or RSF1-induced SKOV3 cells. A coimmunoprecipitation assay revealed that RSF1 interacts with NF-κB and CREB-binding protein, a ubiquitous coactivator for NF-κB. Recruitment of RSF1 to the NF-κB binding element in the PTGS2 and XIAP promoters was demonstrated by the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, hSNF2H, a well-known binding partner of RSF1, was partially involved in the interaction between RSF1 and NF-κB. Taken together, these data suggest that RSF1 may function as a coactivator for NF-κB, consequently augmenting expression of genes necessary for the development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Res; 74(8); 2258–69. ©2014 AACR.
Dominance and Crypticity of T Cell Antigenic Determinants
Authors: E E Sercarz, P V Lehmann, A Ametani, G Benichou, A Miller, K Moudgil
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1993)

In this review, we first consider the inherent structural constraints for binding of a peptide to MHC class II molecules. Such parameters at the site of TCR recognition are dependent upon the efficient generation of the antigenic determinant during natural processing of the whole protein antigen. Strikingly, only a minor fraction of such potential determinants on an antigen are presented in an immunodominant manner, while the remaining peptides are silent (cryptic). Why one determinant is selected while the majority are neglected is still unresolved, but we review the experimental evidence pertaining to this choice. Thus, features of the antigen remote from the actual determinant can either steer processing toward disclosure or revelation of a determinant, or interfere with the binding of peptides to MHC (hinderotopy). The evidence is reviewed for "MHC-guided processing," where the unfolding antigen binds at an early stage to an MHC molecule through its most available and affine agretope and then is trimmed down to final size, while the rest of the molecule, including cryptic determinants, is discarded. Different MHC molecules can compete for determinants at an early stage of processing when the antigen is close to its original length. There are shifts in the hierarchy of display of dominant and cryptic determinants, and these shifts relate to local inflammatory states, to changes in the state or composition of the APC population, and to aspects of exogenous vs endogenous processing. The impact of this differential display of determinants on tolerance and autoimmunity is discussed.
“Difficult-to-treat” asthma-like symptoms in a 12-yr-old atopic female
Authors: L Fregonese, O Sacco, B Fregonese, A Verna, C Mereu, C Gambini, G.a Rossi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Case historyA 12-yr-old Caucasian female was referred to the pulmonary disease department in July 1997 for progressive on-exertion dyspnoea, persistent nonproductive cough and wheezing.Her symptoms had started 6 months prior to admission and moderately aggressive treatment with highdose inhaled steroids and short and long-acting b 2 -adrenoreceptor agonists, associated with short courses of oral prednisone therapy, had not produced any significant improvement.The most relevant data in her clinical history were the presence of a mild-to-moderate sensitivity to house dust mites (not associated, in the past, with significant respiratory symptoms) and the appearance in December 1996, after menarche, of iron-deficiency anaemia treated with oral iron tablets, containing ferrous sulphate 525 mg (Ferrograd1).On January 17, 1997 after ingestion of an iron tablet, she complained of sudden dyspnoea, chest pain and nonproductive cough.She was admitted to the accident and emergency department of another hospital and, as a result of a normal chest radiograph and a partial improvement of her symptoms after bronchodilator treatment, she was sent home on inhaled steroids and short-acting b 2 -adrenoreceptor agonists.Ten days later, while coughing, she finally expectorated a
ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6 Regulates Glioma Cell Invasion through the IQ-Domain GTPase-Activating Protein 1-Rac1–Mediated Pathway
Authors: Bo Hu, Binhai Shi, Michael J. Jarzynka, Jia-Jean Yiin, Crislyn D'Souza-Schorey, Shi-Yuan Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

A common pathobiological feature of malignant gliomas is the insidious infiltration of single tumor cells into the brain parenchyma, rendering these deadly tumors virtually incurable with available therapies. In this study, we report that ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), a Ras superfamily small GTPase, is abundantly expressed in invasive human glioma cells. Cellular depletion of ARF6 by small interfering RNA decreased Rac1 activation, impaired HGF-stimulated and serum-stimulated glioma cell migration in vitro, and markedly decreased the invasive capacity of invasive glioma in the brain. Furthermore, ectopic expression of ARF6 in glioma cells promoted cell migration via the activation of Rac1. Upon stimulation of glioma cells with HGF, we show that IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is recruited and overlaps with ARF6 at the leading edge of migrating cells. However, cellular depletion of ARF6 abrogated this recruitment of IQGAP1 and attenuated the formation of surface protrusions. ARF6 forms complexes with Rac1 and IQGAP1 in glioma cells upon HGF stimulation, and knockdown of IQGAP1 significantly inhibits ARF6-induced Rac1 activation and cell migration. Taken together, these data suggest that ARF6-mediated Rac1 activation is essential for glioma cell invasion via a signaling pathway that requires IQGAP1.
Comparative Analysis of Different Approaches to Measure Treatment Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hiroto Inaba, Elaine Coustan-Smith, Xueyuan Cao, Stanley B. Pounds, Sheila A. Shurtleff, Kathleen Y. Wang, Susana C. Raimondi, Mihaela Onciu, Jeffrey Jacobsen, Raul C. Ribeiro, Gary V. Dahl, W. Paul Bowman, Jeffrey W. Taub, Barbara Degar, Wing Leung, James R. Downing, Ching-Hon Pui, Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Dario Campana
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), initial treatment response by morphologic analysis of bone marrow predicts long-term outcome. Response can now be assessed by minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring with flow cytometry or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We determined the relation among the results of these approaches and their prognostic value.In the multicenter AML02 study, follow-up bone marrow samples from 203 children and adolescents with newly diagnosed AML were examined by flow cytometry (n = 1,514), morphology (n = 1,382), and PCR amplification of fusion transcripts (n = 508). Results were correlated with treatment outcome.Among 1,215 samples with less than 5% leukemic myeloblasts by morphology, 100 (8.2%) were MRD positive (≥ 0.1%) by flow cytometry, whereas 96 (57.5%) of the 167 samples with ≥ 5% blasts were MRD negative. Virtually all (308 of 311; 99.0%) MRD-negative samples by PCR were also MRD negative by flow cytometry. However, only 19 (9.6%) of the 197 PCR-positive samples were flow cytometry positive, with analyses of AML1-ETO and CBFβ-MYH11 accounting for most discrepancies, whereas eight of 13 MLL-positive samples had detectable MRD by flow cytometry. MRD by flow cytometry after induction 1 or 2 predicted lower event-free survival and higher relapse rate (P < .001) and was an independent prognostic factor in a multivariable analysis; prediction was not improved by morphologic information or molecular findings.In childhood AML, morphologic assessment of treatment response has limited value if MRD is measured by flow cytometry. MLL fusion transcripts can provide prognostic information in some patients, whereas monitoring of AML1-ETO and CBFβ-MYH11 transcripts is largely uninformative.
mTOR Inhibition, the Second Generation: ATP-Competitive mTOR Inhibitor Initiates Unexpected Receptor Tyrosine Kinase–Driven Feedback Loop
Authors: Megan Keniry, Ramon Parsons
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2011)

Abstract mTOR inhibition with the ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor AZD8055 induces receptor tyrosine kinase–dependent feedback activation of AKT. Cancer Discovery; 1(3); 203–4. © 2011 AACR. Commentary on Rodrik-Outmezguine et al., p. 248.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Gastric MALT Lymphoma After <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> Eradication
Authors: Thomas Wündisch, Christian Thiede, Andrea Morgner, Astrid Dempfle, Annette Günther, Hongxiang Liu, Hongtao Ye, Ming-Qing Du, Theo D. Kim, Ekkehard Bayerdörffer, Manfred Stolte, Andreas Neubauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Cure of infection induces remissions in most patients with early stage Helicobacter pylori- (Hp) positive gastric MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma (GML). We tracked the long-term stability of remissions in this prospective, multicenter trial.In 120 patients with stage I(1E) disease, we performed sequential endoscopic-bioptic follow-up after Hp eradication and polymerase chain reaction of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. The status of t(11;18) was assessed in 65 patients.Median follow-up was 75 months (range, one to 116). Five-year survival was 90%. Eighty percent of patients (96 of 120) achieved complete histologic remission (CR). Eighty percent of CRs are in continuous complete histologic remission (CCR). Three percent of CR patients (three of 96) relapsed and were referred for alternative treatment. Seventeen percent of CR patients (16 of 96) showed histologic residual disease (RD) during follow-up; a watch-and-wait strategy was applied, and all entered into a second CR. After a median follow-up of 63 months, 14 of 52 analyzed patients reaching CR showed ongoing B-cell monoclonality. Fifteen percent of GMLs were t(11;18) positive. Both t(11;18) and ongoing monoclonality were associated with a significantly higher risk for no response or relapse (P =.004, P =.007), but also present in patients in CCR. Early gastric cancer was diagnosed in three cases during follow-up.Cure of Hp infection results in CCR in most patients. Histologic RD, B-cell monoclonality, and t(11;18) were present in a considerable number of CR patients. A watch-and-wait strategy is justified when close follow-up is guaranteed.
The prognostic importance of heart failure and age in patients treated with primary angioplasty
Authors: Jose P.S. Henriques, Felix Zijlstra, Menko‐Jan de Boer, Arnoud W.J. van't Hof, A.T. Marcel Gosselink, Jan‐Henk E. Dambrink, Harry Suryapranata, Jan C.A. Hoorntje
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2003)
Molecular Biology and Inhibitors of Hepatitis A Virus
Authors: Yannick Debing, Johan Neyts, Hendrik Jan Thibaut
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2013)

Abstract Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a faeco‐orally transmitted picornavirus and is one of the main causes of acute hepatitis worldwide. An overview of the molecular biology of HAV is presented with an emphasis on recent findings. Immune evasion strategies and a possible correlation between HAV and atopy are discussed as well. Despite the availability of efficient vaccines, antiviral drugs targeting HAV are required to treat severe cases of fulminant hepatitis, contain outbreaks, and halt the potential spread of vaccine‐escape variants. Additionally, such drugs could be used to shorten the period of illness and decrease associated economical costs. Several known inhibitors of HAV with various mechanisms of action will be discussed. Since none of these molecules is readily useable in the clinic and since the availability of an anti‐HAV drug would be of clinical importance, increased efforts should be targeted toward discovery and development of such antivirals.
Rising Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Children in the U.K.
Authors: Linda Haines, Kay Chong Wan, Richard Lynn, Timothy G. Barrett, Julian P.H. Shield
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

To estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children <17 years of age and to investigate the relationship of diabetes with increasing childhood obesity in the U.K. and the Republic of Ireland (ROI).Active monthly reporting of cases by consultant pediatricians occurred through the framework of the British Pediatric Surveillance Unit, with additional reports from specialist diabetes nurses. All children <17 years of age and diagnosed by their clinician as having non-type 1 diabetes from 1 October 2004 to 31 October 2005 were included.A total of 168 confirmed cases of non-type 1 diabetes were reported, resulting in a national incidence (excluding the ROI) of 1.3 x 100,000(-1) x year(-1). Of these, 40% were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes giving a minimum incidence of 0.53 x 100,000(-1) x year(-1). Children of ethnic minorities were greatly overrepresented, with those of black and South-Asian origin (England data only) having an incidence of 3.9 and 1.25 x 100,000(-1) x year(-1), respectively, compared with 0.35 x 100,000(-1) x year(-1) in those defined as white. Of those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, 95% were overweight and 83% obese according to International Obesity Task Force guidelines. Eighty-four percent had a family history of type 2 diabetes.Type 2 diabetes is still less common than type 1 diabetes in U.K. children. However, compared with previous prevalence data, the frequency of type 2 diabetes appears to be increasing. Incidence among ethnic minorities is far higher than in whites, as previously described in the U.S. Increased adiposity and family history of type 2 diabetes were strongly associated with the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in U.K. children.
Opioids in cerebrospinal fluid in hypotensive newborn pigs.
Authors: W M Armstead, R Mirro, D W Busija, D M Desiderio, C W Leffler
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

This study was designed to determine if opioids were detectable in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and if these concentrations were altered by hemorrhagic hypotension. This study was further designed to determine the effects of topically administered opioids on pial arteriolar diameter during normotension and hypotension. Closed cranial windows were used to determine pial arteriolar diameter. Periarachnoid cortical and cisterna magna CSF was collected from piglets during normotension and hypotension (systemic arterial pressure decreased from 63 +/- 1 to 33 +/- 1 mm Hg). Opioid profiles were assessed qualitatively by radioreceptor assay, and individual opioids were measured quantitatively by radioimmunoassay. Periarachnoid cortical and cisterna magna CSF methionine enkephalin-, leucine enkephalin-, dynorphin-, and beta-endorphin-like receptor active values all were increased by hypotension. When quantified by radioimmunoassay, periarachnoid cortical CSF values for methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity were 1,167 +/- 58 and 2,975 +/- 139 pg/ml for normotension and hypotension, respectively. Periarachnoid cortical CSF radioimmunoassay values for dynorphin-like immunoreactivity were 15 +/- 2 and 28 +/- 2 pg/ml for normotension and hypotension, respectively. When applied topically to the cortical surface, synthetic methionine enkephalin increased pial arteriolar diameter (134 +/- 4, 158 +/- 4, and 163 +/- 4 microns for control, 574 pg/ml [10(-10) M], and 5,740 pg/ml [10(-9) M], respectively). Similarly, topical synthetic leucine enkephalin and dynorphin elicited pial arteriolar dilation. However, beta-endorphin produced arteriolar constriction. Hypotension attenuated methionine and leucine enkephalin-induced dilation and reversed dynorphin-induced dilation to concentration-dependent constriction. beta-Endorphin-induced constriction was not changed by hypotension. Therefore, opioids could contribute to the control of the cerebral circulation during hypotension.