tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fish Oil on Heart Rate in Humans
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Anouk Geelen, Ingeborg A. Brouwer, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Peter L. Zock, Martijn B. Katan
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The effect of fish oil on heart rate (HR), a major risk factor for sudden death, is not well established. We calculated this effect in a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in humans.Randomized trials of fish oil that evaluated HR were identified through MEDLINE (1966 through January 2005), hand-searching of references, and contact with investigators for unpublished results. Two investigators independently extracted trial data. A pooled estimate was calculated from random-effects meta-analysis. Predefined stratified meta-analyses and meta-regression were used to explore potential heterogeneity. Of 197 identified articles, 30 met inclusion criteria. Evidence for publication bias was not present. In the overall pooled estimate, fish oil decreased HR by 1.6 bpm (95% CI, 0.6 to 2.5; P=0.002) compared with placebo. Between-trial heterogeneity was evident (Q test, P<0.001). Fish oil reduced HR by 2.5 bpm (P<0.001) in trials with baseline HR > or =69 bpm (median) but had little effect (0.04-bpm reduction; P=0.56) in trials with baseline HR <69 bpm (P for interaction=0.03). Fish oil reduced HR by 2.5 bpm (P<0.001) in trials with duration > or =12 weeks but had less effect (0.7-bpm reduction; P=0.27) in trials with duration <12 weeks (P for interaction=0.07). HR reduction with fish oil intake did not significantly vary by fish oil dose (range, 0.81 to 15 g/d), type of HR measure, population age, population health, parallel versus crossover design, type of control oil, or study quality by Delphi criteria (P for interaction >0.25 for each).In randomized controlled trials in humans, fish oil reduces HR, particularly in those with higher baseline HR or longer treatment duration. These findings provide firm evidence that fish oil consumption directly or indirectly affects cardiac electrophysiology in humans. Potential mechanisms such as effects on the sinus node, ventricular efficiency, or autonomic function deserve further investigation.
Mr. Lucas on the Treatment of Squinting
Authors: P. B. Lucas
Journal: BMJ (1840)

Chlorosis, amenorrhcea, vicarious menstruation, dysmenorrlhac menorrhagia, leucorrboha, and the disorders at- tending the decline of menstruation.We cannot, on the present occasion, lay before our readers an analysis of any of the chapters in which these sul)jects are successively examined; butwre undertake to do so in a future number, and in the mean time content ourselves with certifying, in general terms, to the practical excellency of Dr. Aslhwell's treatise.
A Clearer View of the Molecular Complexity of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ian J. Frew, Holger Moch
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2014)

The von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is mutated as an early event in almost all cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most frequent form of kidney cancer. In this review we discuss recent advances in understanding how dysregulation of the many hypoxia-inducible factor α–dependent and –independent functions of the VHL tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) can contribute to tumor initiation and progression. Recent evidence showing extensive inter- and intratumoral genetic diversity has given rise to the idea that ccRCC should actually be considered as a series of molecularly related, yet distinct, diseases defined by the pattern of combinatorial genetic alterations present within the cells of the tumor. We highlight the range of genetic and epigenetic alterations that recur in ccRCC and discuss the mechanisms through which these events appear to function cooperatively with a loss of pVHL function in tumorigenesis.
Basic mechanisms of lung inflammation: executive summary of the first Lung Science Meeting of the European Respiratory Society at Taormina, Italy in 2003
Authors: H J Hoffmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The contribution of structural changes and the biology of lung cells to pulmonary disease was emphasised and contrasted with the inflammatory response at the first Lung Science Conference held at Taormina, Italy 26-28 March 2003 (table 1).Here the basic mechanisms of inflammation and their relevance to lung diseases are discussed.For more information on the intracellular events discussed, look at and listen to individual talks on the European Respiratory Society web page at http://www.ersnet.org/taormina.
The triterpenoid CDDO induces apoptosis in refractory CLL B cells
Authors: Irene M. Pedersen, Shinichi Kitada, Aaron Schimmer, Youngsoo Kim, Juan M. Zapata, Lula Charboneau, Laura Rassenti, Michael Andreeff, Frank Bennett, Michael B. Sporn, Lance D. Liotta, Thomas J. Kipps, John C. Reed
Journal: Blood (2002)
Directly observed isoniazid preventive therapy for released jail inmates.
Authors: C M Nolan, L Roll, S V Goldberg, A M Elarth
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

This study was designed to determine whether an integrated screening program could be implemented that identified persons with latent tuberculosis infection among jail inmates and produced a high rate of completion of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in those persons after their discharge from short-term detention, by means of community-based directly observed preventive therapy (DOPT). From June 1, 1992 through December 31, 1994 inmates in the King County Jail who were from populations at high risk of tuberculosis were screened by means of the tuberculin skin test and those with latent tuberculosis infection were offered IPT. Among 262 inmates receiving IPT upon release from jail, 105 (40%) could not be located after release. Among another 105 enrolled on DOPT, 63 (60%) completed therapy. Among 52 who chose self-supervised isoniazid therapy after release, 15 (29%) completed therapy (chi-square = 13.50, p = 0.0002). Among persons with latent tuberculosis infection detected during screening at a county jail, a postrelease DOPT program resulted in a high rate of immediate loss to follow-up and a low rate of completion of therapy. Based on these results, we suggest that funds for TB control, if limited, should not be diverted to jail-based screening and postrelease DOPT.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF RAT-BITE FEVER
Authors: Renjiro Kaneko, Kikuzo Okuda
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

Of the two postmortem examinations on rat-bite fever previously reported, the patient of Miura and Toriyama, a woman, aged 32 years, died on the 70th day after the onset of the disease. Anatomically there were no marked changes. Histological examinations were not made. Macroscopically, the following findings are reported: increase of cerebrospinal fluid, hyperemia of the meninges, inflammatory edema of the lungs, cloudy swelling of the liver, etc. The other, Blake's case, was a woman of 67, who died 1 month after the bite of a rat. The anatomical findings were acute ulcerative endocarditis, subacute myocarditis, interstitial hepatitis, glomerular and interstitial nephritis. The suprarenals contained a large amount of perivascular fluid. There were infarcts in the spleen and kidney. In general, the organs were hyperemic; the lung showed hemorrhages and edema, Histologically, Blake found marked degeneration, necrosis, and infiltration in the cardiac muscles, infiltration of polynuclear cells, and increase in the interstices of the liver, also marked polynuclear infiltration of the shrunken kidney.
Glutathione S-transferase P1 c.313A &gt; G polymorphism could be useful in the prediction of doxorubicin response in breast cancer patients
Authors: A. Romero, M. Martín, B. Oliva, J. de la Torre, V. Furio, M. de la Hoya, J.A. García-Sáenz, A. Moreno, J.M. Román, E. Diaz-Rubio, T. Caldés
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Lymphocyte fluctuation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in normal volunteers.
Authors: M Laviolette
Journal: Thorax (1985)

In an attempt to understand the widely varying bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte counts reported in normal subjects, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage in 42 healthy nonsmokers. The mean (SD) lymphocyte percentage in this first lavage was 9.6% (7.7%). The values did not fit a normal distribution. Five subjects had more than 20% of lymphocytes, and when they were excluded the distribution of lymphocyte counts was normal. Bronchoalveolar lavage was repeated once or twice in these five subjects 47 days or more after the previous lavage and the lymphocyte count decreased below 14% in four. Eight volunteers with an initial lymphocyte percentage less than 20% also had repeat lavages; two presented a transient increase of lymphocyte count above 20%. These data show that the percentage of lymphocytes in lavage fluid fluctuates significantly in normal subjects and suggest that lymphocyte counts counts higher than 14% should not be considered as normal.
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study at 30 Years: Summary and Future Directions
Authors: Rose A. Gubitosi-Klug
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study continues to address knowledge gaps in our understanding of type 1 diabetes and the effects of intensive therapy on its long-term complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS During the DCCT (1982–1993), a controlled clinical trial of 1,441 subjects with type 1 diabetes, and the EDIC (1994–present), an observational study of the DCCT cohort, core data collection has included medical history questionnaires, surveillance health exams, and frequent laboratory and other evaluations for microvascular and macrovascular disease. Numerous collaborations have expanded the outcome data with more detailed investigations of cardiovascular disease, cognitive function, neuropathy, genetics, and potential biological pathways involved in the development of complications. RESULTS The longitudinal follow-up of the DCCT/EDIC cohort provides the opportunity to continue monitoring the durability of intensive treatment as well as to address lingering questions in type 1 diabetes research. Future planned analyses will address the onset and progression of microvascular triopathy, evidence-based screening for retinopathy and nephropathy, effects of glycemic variability and nonglycemic risk factors on outcomes, long-term impact of intensive therapy on cognitive decline, and health economics. Three new proposed investigations include an examination of residual C-peptide secretion and its impact, prevalence of hearing impairment, and evaluation of gastrointestinal dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS With the comprehensive data collection and the remarkable participant retention over 30 years, the DCCT/EDIC continues as an irreplaceable resource for understanding type 1 diabetes and its long-term complications.
Safety and Feasibility of a Diagnostic Algorithm Combining Clinical Probability,<scp>d</scp>-Dimer Testing, and Ultrasonography for Suspected Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Ankie Kleinjan, Marcello Di Nisio, Jan Beyer-Westendorf, Giuseppe Camporese, Benilde Cosmi, Angelo Ghirarduzzi, Pieter W. Kamphuisen, Hans-Martin Otten, Ettore Porreca, Anita Aggarwal, Marianne Brodmann, Maria Domenica Guglielmi, Matteo Iotti, Karin Kaasjager, Virginia Kamvissi, Teresa Lerede, Peter Marschang, Karina Meijer, Gualtiero Palareti, Frederick R. Rickles, Marc Righini, Anne W.S. Rutjes, Chiara Tonello, Peter Verhamme, Sebastian Werth, Sanne van Wissen, Harry R. Büller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Although well-established for suspected lower limb deep venous thrombosis, an algorithm combining a clinical decision score, d-dimer testing, and ultrasonography has not been evaluated for suspected upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT). Objective: To assess the safety and feasibility of a new diagnostic algorithm in patients with clinically suspected UEDVT. Design: Diagnostic management study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01324037) Setting: 16 hospitals in Europe and the United States. Patients: 406 inpatients and outpatients with suspected UEDVT. Measurements: The algorithm consisted of the sequential application of a clinical decision score, d-dimer testing, and ultrasonography. Patients were first categorized as likely or unlikely to have UEDVT; in those with an unlikely score and normal d-dimer levels, UEDVT was excluded. All other patients had (repeated) compression ultrasonography. The primary outcome was the 3-month incidence of symptomatic UEDVT and pulmonary embolism in patients with a normal diagnostic work-up. Results: The algorithm was feasible and completed in 390 of the 406 patients (96%). In 87 patients (21%), an unlikely score combined with normal d-dimer levels excluded UEDVT. Superficial venous thrombosis and UEDVT were diagnosed in 54 (13%) and 103 (25%) patients, respectively. All 249 patients with a normal diagnostic work-up, including those with protocol violations (n = 16), were followed for 3 months. One patient developed UEDVT during follow-up, for an overall failure rate of 0.4% (95% CI, 0.0% to 2.2%). Limitations: This study was not powered to show the safety of the substrategies. d-Dimer testing was done locally. Conclusion: The combination of a clinical decision score, d-dimer testing, and ultrasonography can safely and effectively exclude UEDVT. If confirmed by other studies, this algorithm has potential as a standard approach to suspected UEDVT. Primary Funding Source: None.
Type 2 Diabetes Without the Atherogenic Metabolic Triad Does Not Predict Angiographically Assessed Coronary Artery Disease in Women
Authors: Patricia Blackburn, Isabelle Lemieux, Benoît Lamarche, Jean Bergeron, Patrice Perron, Gérald Tremblay, Daniel Gaudet, Jean-Pierre Després
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Evidence suggests that the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk of type 2 diabetes is heterogeneous and affected by the presence/absence of the metabolic syndrome (1). We have previously reported that specific features of the metabolic syndrome (atherogenic metabolic triad) were associated with a 20-fold increase in the risk of developing CHD (2). Considering the costs and lack of standardization of these indexes in clinical practice, we have suggested that the simultaneous measurement and interpretation of waist circumference and fasting triglyceride levels were useful in identifying individuals with the atherogenic metabolic triad and therefore at increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) (3). The main objective of the present study was to compare the risk of CAD between nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic women with/without features of the atherogenic metabolic triad.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 250 women (56.2 ± 9.1 years) who underwent an angiographic procedure for the investigation of retrosternal pain. Subjects were French Canadians of European origin (Caucasians). Inform written consent was obtained and the study approved by the Chicoutimi Hospital Ethics Committee. CAD was assessed by angiography (4). Anthropometric measurements were performed following standardized techniques (5). Fasting lipid profile, glycemia, and LDL particle size (6–8) were determined according to routine methods. Homeostasis model assessment was used to estimate insulin resistance (fasting insulin × fasting glucose)/22.5 (9 …
Pressure-flow studies in man: effect of atrial systole on left ventricular function
Authors: Jerome Ruskin, Philip A. McHale, Alexander Harley, Joseph C. Greenfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

In order to evaluate the effects of atrial contraction on left ventricular function, the pressure gradient technique was used to measure instantaneous aortic blood flow and pressure in nine patients, six having complete heart block and three having normal sinus rhythm. From these data both left ventricular stroke volume and stroke work were calculated. Ventricular rate was controlled by transvenous right ventricular pacing over a range of 50-158 beats/min. At each heart rate, beats which were not preceded by a P wave served as controls. The other beats were divided into six groups according to the duration of the preceding PR interval. The results indicated that stroke volume and stroke work were always affected similarly. In one patient the presence of a P wave did not alter the subsequent stroke volume significantly. In the other patients, beats preceded by P waves had stroke volumes greater than the controls. In general, there was no difference in stroke volume for beats preceded by a P wave having a PR interval within the range of 0.05-0.20 sec. As the PR interval lengthened beyond 0.20 sec stroke volume tended to decrease, especially at more rapid heart rates. The absolute increase in stroke volume after a beat preceded by a P wave (PR interval 0.05-0.20 sec) was quite variable among the patients. For a given patient the absolute increase in stroke volume was essentially independent of heart rate. The percentage change in stroke volume, however, was always greater as the heart rate increased. These data indicate that in most patients atrial systole is important in augmenting ventricular stroke volume and stroke work especially at high heart rates, but the magnitude of these effects are quite variable among patients.
Allogeneic hematopoietic chimerism in mice treated with sublethal myeloablation and anti-CD154 antibody: absence of graft-versus-host disease, induction of skin allograft tolerance, and prevention of recurrent autoimmunity in islet-allografted NOD/Lt mice
Authors: Edward Seung, Neal Iwakoshi, Bruce A. Woda, Thomas G. Markees, John P. Mordes, Aldo A. Rossini, Dale L. Greiner
Journal: Blood (2000)
<scp>l</scp>-Arginine Reduces Cell Proliferation and Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in Patients with Colorectal Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qingyong Ma, Yunjian Wang, Xiaopeng Gao, Zhenhua Ma, Zhengjun Song
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Evidence suggests that the majority of colorectal carcinomas arise from adenomas, and l-arginine suppresses colorectal tumorigenesis. We suppose that l-arginine may inhibit the process of carcinogenesis from colorectal adenoma to adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of l-arginine on the formation and development of colorectal tumors. Experimental Design: We selected 60 patients with colorectal cancer and 60 patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA) and divided them into four groups of 30 patients each. We gave 30 g (120 mL) of l-arginine everyday for 3 days to the test groups, whereas l-arginine was substituted by 5% glucose in the control groups. The expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, survivin, and nitric oxide synthase was examined immunohistochemically, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was examined spectrophotometrically. Serum nitric oxide (NO) was detected by the Griess assay. Results: In patients with CRA, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen and survivin labeling indexes and ODC activity of the tumor and paratumor mucosa in the l-arginine–treated group after l-arginine treatment were significantly lower as compared with the corresponding pretreatment values (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Moreover, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the tumor markedly increased after l-arginine treatment (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Serum NO levels in the patients with colorectal cancer were markedly higher than those in the patients with CRA, and l-arginine treatment was responsible for this increase (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our results show that l-arginine can restrain crypt cell hyperproliferation and the expression of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein. This suggests that l-arginine can block the formation and development of colorectal tumors, and this effect might be related to the increased serum NO concentration and decreased ODC activity.
Phase III Trial of Ursodeoxycholic Acid To Prevent Colorectal Adenoma Recurrence
Authors: David S. Alberts, María Elena Martínez, Lisa M. Hess, Janine G. Einspahr, Sylvan B. Green, A. K. Bhattacharyya, Jose Guillen, Mary Krutzsch, Ashok K. Batta, Gerald Salen, Liane Fales, Kris Koonce, Dianne Parish, Mary Clouser, Denise Roe, Peter Lance
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment is associated with a reduced incidence of colonic neoplasia in preclinical models and in patients with conditions associated with an increased risk for colon cancer. We conducted a phase III, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of UDCA to evaluate its ability to prevent colorectal adenoma recurrence.We randomly assigned 1285 individuals who had undergone removal of a colorectal adenoma within the past 6 months to daily treatment with UDCA (8-10 mg/kg of body weight; 661 participants) or with placebo (624 participants) for 3 years or until follow-up colonoscopy. Recurrence rates (number of recurrent adenomas per unit time) were compared by use of a Huber-White variance estimator. Proportions of participants with one or more recurrent adenomas were compared with a Pearson chi-square statistic; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were obtained by logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided.We observed a non-statistically significant 12% reduction in the adenoma recurrence rate associated with UDCA treatment, compared with placebo treatment. However, UDCA treatment was associated with a statistically significant reduction (P = .03) in the recurrence of adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.39 to 0.96). We observed no statistically significant differences between UDCA and placebo groups in recurrence with regard to adenoma size, villous histology, or location.UDCA treatment was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in total colorectal adenoma recurrence but with a statistically significant 39% reduction in recurrence of adenomas with high-grade dysplasia. Because severely dysplastic lesions have a high risk of progression to invasive colorectal carcinoma, this finding indicates that future chemoprevention trials of UDCA in individuals with such lesions should be considered.
John Richard Stares Blake
Authors: J. Lynn
Journal: BMJ (2014)

John Richard Stares Blake, always known as Richard, studied as a young man in the Merchant Taylor School in Northwood, north London. His early education was in many ways responsible for his whole attitude to life. He was unassuming, meticulous, loyal, unruffled, and a quiet academic. After qualifying he did his first house jobs at the Middlesex and subsequently in hospitals in north London.

Richard decided initially to become a pathologist and took up a two year appointment as a demonstrator of pathology at Bristol University Medical School. He enjoyed his pathology …