tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED ANAEROBE JAR
Authors: J. Howard Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

There has been described a modification of the anaerobe jars of McIntosh and Fildes and of Smillie in which the oxygen is consumed by combustion with hydrogen under the catalytic action of platinized or palladinized asbestos. The special advantages of the apparatus described reside in its greater safety and in the fact that the catalyzer is heated electrically after the jar is closed and may be reheated at any time during incubation without opening the jar.
The Effectiveness of Intensive Training for Residents in Interviewing
Authors: Robert C. Smith, Judith S. Lyles, Jennifer Mettler, Bertram E. Stoffelmayr, Lawrence F. Van Egeren, Alicia A. Marshall, Joseph C. Gardiner, Karen M. Maduschke, Jennifer M. Stanley, Gerald G. Osborn, Valerie Shebroe, Ruth B. Greenbaum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Interviewing and the physician–patient relationship are crucial elements of medical care, but residencies provide little formal instruction in these areas. Objective: To determine the effects of a training program in interviewing on 1) residents' attitudes toward and skills in interviewing and 2) patients' physical and psychosocial well-being and satisfaction with care. Design: Randomized, controlled study. Setting: Two university-based primary care residencies. Participants: 63 primary care residents in postgraduate year 1. Intervention: A 1-month, full-time rotation in interviewing and related psychosocial topics. Measurements: Residents and their patients were assessed before and after the 1-month rotation. Questionnaires were used to assess residents' commitment to interviewing and psychosocial medicine, estimate of the importance of such care, and confidence in their ability to provide such care. Knowledge of interviewing and psychosocial medicine was assessed with a multiple-choice test. Audiotaped interviews with real patients and videotaped interviews with simulated patients were rated for specific interviewing behaviors. Patients' anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction; role limitations; somatic symptom status; and levels of satisfaction with medical visits were assessed by questionnaires and telephone interviews. Results: Trained residents were superior to untrained residents in knowledge (difference in adjusted post-test mean scores, 15.7% [95% CI, 11% to 20%]); attitudes, such as confidence in psychological sensitivity (difference, 0.61 points on a 7-point scale [CI, 0.32 to 0.91 points]); somatization management (difference, 0.99 points [CI, 0.64 to 1.35 points]); interviewing of real patients (difference, 1.39 points on an 11-point scale [CI, 0.32 to 2.45 points]); and interviewing (data gathering) of simulated patients (difference, 2.67 points [CI, 1.77 to 3.56 points]). Mean differences between the study groups were consistently in the appropriate direction for patient satisfaction and patient well-being, but effect sizes were too small to be considered meaningful. Conclusion: An intensive 1-month training rotation in interviewing improved residents' knowledge about, attitudes toward, and skills in interviewing.
Effect of phenytoin on celecoxib pharmacokinetics in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Stuart A. Grossman, Jeffrey Olson, Tracy Batchelor, David Peereboom, Glenn Lesser, Serena Desideri, Xiaobu Ye, Tarek Hammour, Jeffrey G. Supko
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression has been linked to the prognosis, angiogenesis, and radiation sensitivity of many malignancies. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, is predominantly eliminated by hepatic metabolism. This study was conducted to determine the effects of hepatic enzyme-inducing antiseizure drugs (EIASDs) on the pharmacokinetics of celecoxib. The safety of celecoxib administered with radiation for glioblastoma and the effect of the combined treatment on survival were also evaluated. Patients were stratified based on concomitant use of EIASDs. Celecoxib (400) mg was administered orally twice a day until tumor progression or dose-limiting toxicity. Standard radiation was administered without adjuvant chemotherapy. Sampling was performed to define the plasma concentration/time profile for the initial dose of celecoxib and steady-state trough concentrations. Thirty-five patients (22 +EIASD, 13 -EIASD) were enrolled. There were no significant differences in age, performance status, extent of surgery, or Mini Mental State Exam scores between the two cohorts. The treatment was well tolerated. All patients in the +EIASD arm were taking phenytoin. There were no significant differences in any celecoxib pharmacokinetic parameters between 15 +EIASD and 12 -EIASD patients. With 31 of 35 patients deceased, estimated median survival time for all patients was 12 months (+EIASD, 11.5 months; - EIASD, 16 months; p = 0.11). The pharmacokinetics of celecoxib is not significantly affected by the concomitant administration of phenytoin. Celecoxib administered during and after radiation is well tolerated. The potential difference in survival between the +EIASD and -EIASD groups deserves further evaluation.
Managing infants who cry persistently.
Authors: I. St James-Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1992)

receptors patients should have some other form of local treatment, either wide local excision under local anaesthesia or radiotherapy, or both.For locally inoperable disease combined radiotherapy and tamoxifen is probably the best treatment.In metastatic disease, knowing the oestrogen receptor status is useful because tamoxifen is unlikely to be effective in tumours that are negative for the receptors.In such patients palliative chemotherapy may provide worthwhile responses without appreciable toxicity.2223
Surgeon Volume and Operative Mortality in the United States
Authors: John D. Birkmeyer, Therese A. Stukel, Andrea E. Siewers, Philip P. Goodney, David E. Wennberg, F. Lee Lucas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Although the relation between hospital volume and surgical mortality is well established, for most procedures, the relative importance of the experience of the operating surgeon is uncertain.Using information from the national Medicare claims data base for 1998 through 1999, we examined mortality among all 474,108 patients who underwent one of eight cardiovascular procedures or cancer resections. Using nested regression models, we examined the relations between operative mortality and surgeon volume and hospital volume (each in terms of total procedures performed per year), with adjustment for characteristics of the patients and other characteristics of the providers.Surgeon volume was inversely related to operative mortality for all eight procedures (P=0.003 for lung resection, P<0.001 for all other procedures). The adjusted odds ratio for operative death (for patients with a low-volume surgeon vs. those with a high-volume surgeon) varied widely according to the procedure--from 1.24 for lung resection to 3.61 for pancreatic resection. Surgeon volume accounted for a large proportion of the apparent effect of the hospital volume, to an extent that varied according to the procedure: it accounted for 100 percent of the effect for aortic-valve replacement, 57 percent for elective repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, 55 percent for pancreatic resection, 49 percent for coronary-artery bypass grafting, 46 percent for esophagectomy, 39 percent for cystectomy, and 24 percent for lung resection. For most procedures, the mortality rate was higher among patients of low-volume surgeons than among those of high-volume surgeons, regardless of the surgical volume of the hospital in which they practiced.For many procedures, the observed associations between hospital volume and operative mortality are largely mediated by surgeon volume. Patients can often improve their chances of survival substantially, even at high-volume hospitals, by selecting surgeons who perform the operations frequently.
Synthesis of Endogenous Type-A Virus Particles in Parthenogenetically Stimulated Mouse Eggs2
Authors: Wieslawa Biczysko, Davor Solter, Christopher Graham, Hilary Koprowski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Synthesis of Endogenous Type-A Virus Particles in Parthenogenetically Stimulated Mouse Eggs Get access Wieslawa Biczysko, Wieslawa Biczysko Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Davor Solter, Davor Solter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christopher Graham, Christopher Graham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hilary Koprowski Hilary Koprowski Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 2, February 1974, Pages 483–489, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.2.483 Published: 01 February 1974 Article history Received: 16 July 1973 Accepted: 19 October 1973 Published: 01 February 1974
5-Iodo-2-deoxyuridine Administered Into the Lateral Cerebral Ventricle as a Radiosensitizer in the Treatment of Disseminated Glioma
Authors: M. Deutsch, A. B. Rewers, E. S. Redgate, E. R. Fisher, S. S. Boggs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article 5-Iodo-2-deoxyuridine Administered Into the Lateral Cerebral Ventricle as a Radiosensitizer in the Treatment of Disseminated Glioma Get access Melvin Deutsch, Melvin Deutsch * Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA *Correspondence to: Dr. M. Deutsch, Department of Radiation Oncology, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arleta B. Rewers, Arleta B. Rewers Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward S. Redgate, Edward S. Redgate Department of Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edwin R. Fisher, Edwin R. Fisher Department of Pathology, Shadyside HospitalPittsburgh, PA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sallie S. Boggs Sallie S. Boggs Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 17, 6 September 1989, Pages 1322–1325, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.17.1322 Published: 06 September 1989 Article history Received: 25 May 1989 Accepted: 05 June 1989 Published: 06 September 1989
An unusual case of flail chest: surgical repair using Marlex mesh
Authors: A. G. Heriot, F. C. Wells
Journal: Thorax (1997)

The case history is presented of a patient with neurofibromatosis with a chest wall defect present from birth. Abnormal rib development had resulted in a flail segment with painful paradoxical movement and unsightly costal cartilage protrusion. Chest wall reconstruction using Marlex mesh resulted in an excellent cosmetic and functional repair.
Expression of the Type IV Collagenase System during Mouse Kidney Development and Tubule Segmentation
Authors: BRUNO LEGALLICIER, GERMAIN TRUGNAN, GILLIAN MURPHY, BRIGITTE LELONGT, PIERRE RONCO
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Type IV collagenases matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9 and their related proteins, MT1-MMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1), TIMP2, and TIMP3, are expressed during kidney morphogenesis and nephrogenesis, but the renal ontogeny of these proteins is only partially known, and their persistence in the adult remains controversial. Their expression was analyzed from early metanephric stages to adulthood by Western blot semiquantitative analysis; laser confocal microscopy of whole-mount kidneys; and a two-step immunoperoxidase labeling procedure using specific markers of proximal tubule (megalin), ascending limb of Henle's loop (Tamm Horsfall protein), and collecting duct (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin). By Western blot, all antigens were detected at day 11.5, peaked at day 16.5, and persisted in the adult at lower levels, although MMP2 was less modulated. All antigens were expressed in metanephric mesenchyme at embryonic day 11.5 and became concentrated in neural cell adhesion molecule-positive—induced mesenchymal cells at day 12.5. Only MT1-MMP and to a lesser extent MMP2 were detected in the ureter bud. At day 16.5, all antigens predominated in the cytoplasm of the proximal tubule, except TIMP1, which was mostly expressed in the ascending limb of Henle's loop and distal tubule. During tubule segmentation, components of the type IV collagenase system showed both spatial and temporal regulation. The distribution of gelatinases was not strictly superimposable to that of their natural inhibitors TIMP, especially for MMP9 and TIMP1. All components persisted in specific segments of the adult renal tubule, where MMP9, MMP2, and MT1-MMP showed an apical expression, suggesting that substrates for these enzymes should be in the tubule lumen or in the apical cell domain and not in the extracellular matrix. These results suggest that a regulated balance of gelatinase activity is required during kidney organogenesis and that gelatinases continue to play a role in adult renal tubule physiology.
Cyclic AMP Imaging in Adult Cardiac Myocytes Reveals Far-Reaching β <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic but Locally Confined β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor–Mediated Signaling
Authors: Viacheslav O. Nikolaev, Moritz Bünemann, Eva Schmitteckert, Martin J. Lohse, Stefan Engelhardt
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (betaARs) are known to differentially regulate cardiomyocyte contraction and growth. We tested the hypothesis that these differences are attributable to spatial compartmentation of the second messenger cAMP. Using a fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based approach, we directly monitored the spatial and temporal distribution of cAMP in adult cardiomyocytes. We developed a new cAMP-FRET sensor (termed HCN2-camps) based on a single cAMP binding domain of the hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 2 (HCN2). Its cytosolic distribution, high dynamic range, and sensitivity make HCN2-camps particularly well suited to monitor subcellular localization of cardiomyocyte cAMP. We generated HCN2-camps transgenic mice and performed single-cell FRET imaging on freshly isolated cardiomyocytes. Whole-cell superfusion with isoproterenol showed a moderate elevation of cAMP. Application of various phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors revealed stringent control of cAMP through PDE4>PDE2>PDE3. The beta(1)AR-mediated cAMP signals were entirely dependent on PDE4 activity, whereas beta(2)AR-mediated cAMP was under control of multiple PDE isoforms. beta(1)AR subtype-specific stimulation yielded approximately 2-fold greater cAMP responses compared with selective beta(2)-subtype stimulation, even on treatment with the nonselective PDE inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (DeltaFRET, 17.3+/-1.3% [beta(1)AR] versus 8.8+/-0.4% [beta(2)AR]). Treatment with pertussis toxin to inactivate G(i) did not affect cAMP production. Localized beta(1)AR stimulation generated a cAMP gradient propagating throughout the cell, whereas local beta(2)AR stimulation did not elicit marked cAMP diffusion. Our data reveal that in adult cardiac myocytes, beta(1)ARs induce far-reaching cAMP signals, whereas beta(2)AR-induced cAMP remains locally confined.
Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during open-heart surgery
Authors: M. A. Branthwaite
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Branthwaite, M. A. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 633-638. <b>Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during open-heart surgery.</b> Changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism were investigated in 30 patients during the first five minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass. The ratio of blood flow to oxygen uptake (the cerebral blood flow equivalent or CBFE) rose by 54% and this change could not be attributed to simultaneous variations in arterial carbon dioxide tension, haematocrit or temperature. A modified thermovelocity technique was used to assess changes in blood flow in the internal jugular vein in 12 of the 30 subjects. The method suffers from a number of serious limitations, but the evidence suggests that there was a reduction in cerebral blood flow at the onset of bypass in more than 50% of the patients studied. The fall was associated with a particularly marked reduction in systemic blood pressure and occurred in spite of high overall flow rates from the oxygenator. It is argued that the findings indicate considerable depression of cerebral metabolism, which may be due to the decreased oxygen availability consequent upon haemodilution and hypotension and which may contribute to neurological damage in some patients.
A Better Immune Reaction to Erbb-2 Tumors Is Elicited in Mice by DNA Vaccines Encoding Rat/Human Chimeric Proteins
Authors: Elena Quaglino, Cristina Mastini, Augusto Amici, Cristina Marchini, Manuela Iezzi, Stefania Lanzardo, Carla De Giovanni, Maura Montani, Pier-Luigi Lollini, Giuseppe Masucci, Guido Forni, Federica Cavallo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The Erbb-2 (neu in rat and Her-2 in humans) tyrosine kinase receptor is an oncoantigen (i.e., a tumor-associated molecule directly involved in cancer progression). Because oncoantigens are self-tolerated molecules, to trigger a response circumventing tolerance, we generated two plasmids (RHuT and HuRT) coding for chimeric neu-Her-2 extracellular and transmembrane proteins that are expressed on the cell membrane of the transfected cells and recognized by monoclonal antibodies reacting against neu and Her-2. RHuT encodes a protein in which the 410 NH(2)-terminal residues are from the neu extracellular domain and the remaining residues from Her-2. Almost symmetrically, HuRT encodes for a protein in which the 390 NH(2)-terminal residues are from Her-2 and the remainder from neu. The ability of RHuT and HuRT to elicit a protective response to neu and Her-2 in wild-type mice and in transgenic mice tolerant to neu and Her-2 proteins was compared with that of plasmids coding for the fully rat or fully human extracellular and transmembrane domains of the Erbb-2 receptor. In most cases, RHuT and HuRT elicited a stronger response, although this chimeric benefit is markedly modulated by the location of the heterologous moiety in the protein coded by the plasmid, the immune tolerance of the responding mouse, and the kind of Erbb-2 orthologue on the targeted tumor.
Synthesis of Antihemophilic Factor Antigen by Cultured Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Eric A. Jaffe, Leon W. Hoyer, Ralph L. Nachman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Antihemophilic factor (AHF, Factor VIII) antigen has been demonstrated in cultured human endothelial cells by immunofluorescence studies using monospecific rabbit antibody to human AHF. Control studies with cultured human smooth muscle cells and human fibroblasts were negative. By radioimmunoassay it was demonstrated that cultured human endothelial cells contain AHF antigen which is released into the culture medium. Cultured smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts did not have this property. Cultured endothelial cells incorporated radioactive amino acids into high molecular weight, AHF antigen-rich protein fractions prepared from the culture media, 7% of the radioactive amino acid counts incorporated into this material were precipitated by globulin prepared from rabbit anti-AHF whereas normal rabbit globulin precipitated only 1.5% of the counts. Although cultured endothelial cells actively synthesize AHF antigen, AHF procoagulant activity was not detected in the culture medium. Studies seeking a basis for the lack of procoagulant activity have not clarified this deficiency, but they have established that exogenous AHF procoagulant activity is not inactivated by the tissue culture system.
The Genetic Landscape of Type 2 Diabetes in Mice
Authors: Susanne M. Clee, Alan D. Attie
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2007)

Inbred mouse strains provide genetic diversity comparable to that of the human population. Like humans, mice have a wide range of diabetes-related phenotypes. The inbred mouse strains differ in the response of their critical physiological functions, such as insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, beta-cell proliferation and survival, and fuel partitioning, to diet and obesity. Most of the critical genes underlying these differences have not been identified, although many loci have been mapped. The dramatic improvements in genomic and bioinformatics resources are accelerating the pace of gene discovery. This review describes how mouse genetics can be used to discover diabetes-related genes, summarizes how the mouse strains differ in their diabetes-related phenotypes, and describes several examples of how loci identified in the mouse may directly relate to human diabetes.
Cell-of-Origin of Cancer versus Cancer Stem Cells: Assays and Interpretations
Authors: Kiera Rycaj, Dean G. Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

A tumor originates from a normal cell that has undergone tumorigenic transformation as a result of genetic mutations. This transformed cell is the cell-of-origin for the tumor. In contrast, an established clinical tumor is sustained by subpopulations of self-renewing cancer cells operationally called cancer stem cells (CSC) that can generate, intraclonally, both tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells. Identifying and characterizing tumor cell-of-origin and CSCs should help elucidate tumor cell heterogeneity, which, in turn, should help understand tumor cell responses to clinical treatments, drug resistance, tumor relapse, and metastatic spread. Both tumor transplantation and lineage-tracing assays have been helpful in characterizing these cancer cell populations, although each system has its strengths and caveats. In this article, we briefly review and summarize advantages and limitations of both assays in support of a combinatorial approach to accurately define the roles of both cancer-initiating and cancer-propagating cells. As an aside, we also wish to clarify the definitions of cancer cell-of-origin and CSCs, which are often interchangeably used by mistake.
The Expanded Biology of Serotonin
Authors: Miles Berger, John A. Gray, Bryan L. Roth
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2009)

Serotonin is perhaps best known as a neurotransmitter that modulates neural activity and a wide range of neuropsychological processes, and drugs that target serotonin receptors are used widely in psychiatry and neurology. However, most serotonin is found outside the central nervous system, and virtually all of the 15 serotonin receptors are expressed outside as well as within the brain. Serotonin regulates numerous biological processes including cardiovascular function, bowel motility, ejaculatory latency, and bladder control. Additionally, new work suggests that serotonin may regulate some processes, including platelet aggregation, by receptor-independent, transglutaminase-dependent covalent linkage to cellular proteins. We review this new "expanded serotonin biology" and discuss how drugs targeting specific serotonin receptors are beginning to help treat a wide range of diseases.
Isolated digital vasculitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: good response to tumour necrosis factor alpha blocking treatment
Authors: A A den Broeder
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) blocking agents are among the most promising new treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, no data exist about the effect of these agents on extra-articular manifestations of RA. A patient is described with small vessel vasculitis that repeatedly responded well to treatment with the soluble p55 TNFalpha receptor fusion protein Ro 45-2081 (lenercept).