tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4</i>is expressed in basaloid lung cancer and associated with poor prognosis
Authors: Sandra Gottschling, Katrin Jensen, Arne Warth, Felix J.F. Herth, Michael Thomas, Philipp A. Schnabel, Esther Herpel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Basaloid carcinoma represents a rare variant of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has shown a poor prognosis in a number of studies. Although it is considered to derive from a pluri- or multipotent pulmonary stem cells, little is known about the expression and clinical significance of stem cell antigens in this variant. Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) was analysed by immunohistochemistry in 38 patients with resected early-stage basaloid NSCLC who had a median follow-up of 72.9 months. The expression of SSEA-4 was related to clinico-pathological characteristics, to the expression of the adult stem cell antigens CD117, CD133 and breast cancer resistance protein 1 (BCRP1), and to prognosis. SSEA-4 was positive in 37% of the specimens and showed no association with clinico-pathological characteristics or the expression of adult stem cell antigens. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed a 6.0-fold increased risk of relapse (p = 0.001) and a 4.2-fold increased risk of disease-related mortality (p = 0.017) in SSEA-4-positive patients, while SSEA-4-negative patients showed a prognosis comparable with that of other early-stage NSCLC. SSEA-4 is expressed in a fraction of basaloid NSCLC and is associated with poor prognosis.
Identification of phthalate esters in the serum of young Puerto Rican girls with premature breast development.
Authors: I Colón, D Caro, C J Bourdony, O Rosario
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Premature breast development (thelarche) is the growth of mammary tissue in girls younger than 8 years of age without other manifestations of puberty. Puerto Rico has the highest known incidence of premature thelarche ever reported. In the last two decades since this serious public health anomaly has been observed, no explanation for this phenomenon has been found. Some organic pollutants, including pesticides and some plasticizers, can disrupt normal sexual development in wildlife, and many of these have been widely used in Puerto Rico. This investigation was designed to identify pollutants in the serum of Puerto Rican girls with premature thelarche. A method for blood serum analysis was optimized and validated using pesticides and phthalate esters as model compounds of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Recovery was > 80% for all compounds. We performed final detection by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We analyzed 41 serum samples from thelarche patients and 35 control samples. No pesticides or their metabolite residues were detected in the serum of the study or control subjects. Significantly high levels of phthalates [dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and di-(2-ethylhexyl)] and its major metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were identified in 28 (68%) samples from thelarche patients. Of the control samples analyzed, only one showed significant levels of di-isooctyl phthalate. The phthalates that we identified have been classified as endocrine disruptors. This study suggests a possible association between plasticizers with known estrogenic and antiandrogenic activity and the cause of premature breast development in a human female population.
Expansion of extracellular space in the nonischemic zone of the infarcted heart and concomitant changes in tissue electrolyte contents in the rat.
Authors: P I Polimeni, J Al-Sadir
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The alterations in electrolyte content that occur in an infarcted zone of the heart have also been reported to occur in a similar manner, although to a far less degree, in the distant, apparently normal zones of the heart. These alterations in the nonischemic myocardium have usually been tabulated without comment, presumably because their magnitudes approach values of statistical dispersion. Our measurements of electrolyte content in the normal zone of the infarcted rat heart confirmed that all of the electrolyte contents were slightly modified. There was a rise in sodium, calcium, and chloride and a decline in potassium and magnesium. In addition, the extracellular space ([14C]sucrose) in this zone was elevated by nearly 15%. We have postulated a mechanism for this elevation based on an increase in the net filtration rate through myocardial capillaries. The expansion of the extracellular space can account for all of the electrolyte changes in the normal zone with the exception of the alteration in calcium. Therefore, there is no basis for assuming that these myocardial alterations reflect general movements of electrolytes down their electrochemical gradients. We suggest that the increment in the nominal concentration of cellular calcium is related to a compensatory mechanism that allows the reduced mass of functional myocardium to contract more vigorously.
Affiliative reward and the ontogenetic bonding system
Authors: Warren B. Miller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

miller and rodgers (2001) proposed a central nervous system based ontogenetic bonding system that operates across the life course to promote succorant,“succorance” is a term coined by murray (1938) to describe a general tendency to seek the help and protection of others. affiliative, sexual, and nurturant bonds. i discuss features of this theoretical framework that can inform depue &amp; morrone-strupinsky's (d&amp;m-s's) model. most important, i suggest that the affiliative reward processes d&amp;m-s describe are better conceptualized as subserving the affect/motivation of affection.
Clock gene dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: N. Burioka, S. Koyanagi, M. Endo, M. Takata, Y. Fukuoka, M. Miyata, K. Takeda, H. Chikumi, S. Ohdo, E. Shimizu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Clock genes regulate mammalian circadian rhythms, and dysfunction of clock genes can contribute to various disorders. To investigate whether obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) influences clock gene function, the present authors examined Period1 (Per1) mRNA expression in vitro and in vivo. In eight healthy subjects and eight OSAS patients, plasma noradrenaline, serum interleukin (IL)-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Per1 mRNA expression in peripheral whole blood were measured. Expression of Per1 mRNA in cultured cells was examined under IL-6 or noradrenaline stimulation in vitro. After noradrenaline was administered to mice in vivo, Per1 mRNA expression in the brain was examined. The concentrations of serum IL-6, hsCRP and plasma noradrenaline were elevated in OSAS patients, but improved by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Per1 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood significantly decreased at 02:00 h by CPAP in OSAS patients. Stimulation with IL-6 did not directly induce Per1 mRNA in vitro. Administration of noradrenaline induced Per1 mRNA in the cerebral cortex of mice in vivo. The current study revealed that obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome caused clock gene dysfunction, and continuous positive airway pressure helped to improve it. Sympathetic activation and elevation of the plasma noradrenaline concentration in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome may be one of the factors involved in disorders of Period1 mRNA expression.
Low-Dose Radiation Enhances Survivin-Mediated Virotherapy against Malignant Glioma Stem Cells
Authors: Suvobroto Nandi, Ilya V. Ulasov, Matthew A. Tyler, Adam Quasar Sugihara, Luciana Molinero, Yu Han, Zeng B. Zhu, Maciej S. Lesniak
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract To improve the efficacy and selectivity of virotherapy for malignant glioma, we designed a strategy to amplify adenoviral replication in conjunction with radiotherapy using a radioinducible promoter. First, we compared the radiation-inducible activity of FLT-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, DR5, Cox2, and survivin. We then examined the capacity of the optimal promoter to modulate transgene expression followed by E1A activity in vitro and in vivo in a glioma stem cell model. In the presence of radiation, survivin mRNA activity increased 10-fold. Luciferase transgene expression was dose dependent and optimal at 2 Gy. A novel oncolytic adenovirus, CRAd-Survivin-pk7, showed significant toxicity and replication against a panel of passaged and primary CD133+ glioma stem cells. On delivery of radiation, the toxicity associated with CRAd-Survivin-pk7 increased by 20% to 50% (P &amp;lt; 0.05). At the same time, the level of E1A activity increased 3- to 10-fold. In vivo, treatment of U373MG CD133+ stem cells with CRAd-Survivin-pk7 and radiation significantly inhibited tumor growth (P &amp;lt; 0.05). At the same time, the level of E1A activity was 100-fold increased versus CRAd-Survivin-pk7 alone. Selected genes linked to radioinducible promoters whose expression can be regulated by ionizing radiation may improve the therapeutic ratio of virotherapy. In this study, we have identified a new radioinducible promoter, survivin, which greatly enhances the activity of an oncolytic adenovirus in the presence of low-dose radiotherapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(14):5778–84]
Probability of hepatocellular carcinoma of small hepatocellular nodules undetectable by computed tomography during arterial portography
Authors: Yoshio Tanaka, Yutaka Sasaki, Kazuhiro Katayama, Naoki Hiramatsu, Akihiko Ito, Hiroaki Murata, Norihiro Enomoto, Masahide Oshita, Kiyoshi Mochizuki, Masahiko Tsujii, Shingo Tsuji, Akinori Kasahara, Kaname Tomoda, Hironobu Nakamura, Norio Hayashi, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Recent advances in imaging modalities enable the identification of small hepatocellular nodules. Among the imaging techniques currently used for detecting hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography (CTAP) is one of the most sensitive techniques available for detecting hemodynamic change. Even so, well-differentiated HCCs that display only limited hemodynamic change, a feature shared with nonmalignant hepatocellular nodules, are not always detectable by CTAP. To improve our ability to distinguish well-differentiated HCCs from nonmalignant hepatocellular nodules, we have attempted to clarify how the characteristics of the nodules are shown by each imaging technique. We studied the imaging and pathological characteristics of 31 nodules (in 22 patients) detected by ultrasonography (US), but not by CTAP. Histological diagnoses were as follows: HCC, 17 of 31 nodules (55%); high-grade dysplastic nodules, 1 of 31 (3%); and nonmalignant nodules, 13 of 31 (42%). Neither digital substraction angiography (DSA) nor CT arteriography (CTA) were able to detect any of the nodules. Detection rates for plain CT were: 5 of 17 (29%) HCC, 1 of 1 (100%) high-grade dysplastic nodules, and 1 of 13 (8%) nonmalignant nodules. Detection rates for T1/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were: 4 of 17 (24%) HCC, 1 of 1 (100%) high-grade dysplastic nodules, and 3 of 13 (23%) nonmalignant nodules. Dynamic CT and dynamic MRI provided no additional information. In conclusion, there is some probability that hepatocellular nodules detected by US, but not by CTAP, are HCC. Presently, it is difficult to distinguish between benign nodules and malignant ones with these imaging techniques, and our findings indicate that biopsy may be advisable for nodules detected under these conditions.
Legionnaires' disease. Clinical findings and one-year follow-up
Authors: G. L. Lattimer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The cases of six patients with Philadelphia Legionnaires' disease were studied during the acute phase and throughout the following year. This multisystems disease process developed abruptly with symptoms of chills, fever, myalgias, and headache. The unusual clinical association of fever with relative bradycardia was noted frequently. Pneumonia developed after the first few days and rapidly progressed to life-threatening respiratory failure despite penicillin and cephalosporin therapy. Improvement occurred within 48 hours after tetracycline or chloramphenicol was administered. No permanent sequelae were noted on the one-year follow-up examination, and no secondary cases of infection occurred. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1169-1171, 1978)
Double-Hit Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Jonathan W. Friedberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Article Tools ONCOLOGY GRAND ROUNDS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2012.43.5800 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 4, 2012 PMID: 22949152 Double-Hit Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Jonathan W. FriedbergxJonathan W. FriedbergSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Rochester, Rochester, NY https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.43.5800 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2012 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Reticulin antibodies in patients with coeliac disease and their relatives.
Authors: F M Stevens, R Lloyd, B Egan-Mitchell, M J Mylotte, P F Fottrell, R Wright, B McNicholl, C F McCarthy
Journal: Gut (1975)

The sera of 69 index coeliac patients, 121 of their first-degree relatives, and 104 controls were screened for the presence of reticulin antibodies. Among the untreated coeliac patients 75% of adults and 93% of children had reticulin antibody in their serum. Reticulin antibody was not present in any adequately treated coeliac patient. Of the first-degree relatives, 21 were reticulin antibody positive; 17 of these were biopsied and 12 were shown to have coeliac disease. Sixty-five of the coeliac relatives who did not have reticulin antibodies in their sera were biopsied and two had coeliac disease. Of the 68 relatives and 63 controls with normal biopsies, five of the relatives and four of the controls were reticulin antibody positive.
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
Authors: SAMUEL C. KARLAN, CLARENCE COHN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

Glucose tolerance studies in 50 chronic alcoholics showed decreased tolerance in 10% of the cases and increased tolerance in 44% of the cases. The incidence of hypoglycemia and its role in the aggravation of tension states common in alcoholism should be considered in its therapy.
A Risk Prediction Score for Kidney Failure or Mortality in Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Gearoid M McMahon, Xiaoxi Zeng, Sushrut S Waikar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Rhabdomyolysis ranges in severity from asymptomatic elevations in creatine phosphokinase levels to a life-threatening disorder characterized by severe acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy (RRT).To develop a risk prediction tool to identify patients at greatest risk of RRT or in-hospital mortality.Retrospective cohort study of 2371 patients admitted between January 1, 2000, and March 31, 2011, to 2 large teaching hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts, with creatine phosphokinase levels in excess of 5000 U/L within 3 days of admission. The derivation cohort consisted of 1397 patients from Massachusetts General Hospital, and the validation cohort comprised 974 patients from Brigham and Women's Hospital.The composite of RRT or in-hospital mortality.The causes and outcomes of rhabdomyolysis were similar between the derivation and validation cohorts. In total, the composite outcome occurred in 19.0% of patients (8.0% required RRT and 14.1% died during hospitalization). The highest rates of the composite outcome were from compartment syndrome (41.2%), sepsis (39.3%), and following cardiac arrest (58.5%). The lowest rates were from myositis (1.7%), exercise (3.2%), and seizures (6.0%). The independent predictors of the composite outcome were age, female sex, cause of rhabdomyolysis, and values of initial creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, phosphate, calcium, and bicarbonate. We developed a risk-prediction score from these variables in the derivation cohort and subsequently applied it in the validation cohort. The C statistic for the prediction model was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.80-0.85) in the derivation cohort and 0.83 (0.80-0.86) in the validation cohort. The Hosmer-Lemeshow P values were .14 and .28, respectively. In the validation cohort, among the patients with the lowest risk score (<5), 2.3% died or needed RRT. Among the patients with the highest risk score (>10), 61.2% died or needed RRT.Outcomes from rhabdomyolysis vary widely depending on the clinical context. The risk of RRT or in-hospital mortality in patients with rhabdomyolysis can be estimated using commonly available demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables on admission.
Inequities in access to biologic and synthetic DMARDs across 46 European countries
Authors: Polina Putrik, Sofia Ramiro, Tore K Kvien, Tuulikki Sokka, Milena Pavlova, Till Uhlig, Annelies Boonen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

We investigated access to biologic and synthetic disease modifying drugs (bDMARDs and sDMARDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) across Europe.A cross-sectional study at national level was performed in 49 European countries. A questionnaire was sent to one expert, addressing the number of approved and reimbursed bDMARDs and sDMARDs, prices and co-payments, as well as acceptability of bDMARDs (barriers). Data on socio-economic welfare (gross domestic product per capita (GDP), health expenditure, income) were retrieved from web-based sources. Data on health status of RA patients were retrieved from an observational study. Dimensions of access (availability, affordability and acceptability) were correlated with the country's welfare and RA health status.In total, 46 countries (94%) participated. Six countries did not reimburse any of the five sDMARDs surveyed, and in ten countries no bDMARDs were reimbursed. While the price of annual treatment with an average sDMARD was never higher than GPD, the price of one year treatment with a bDMARD exceeded GPD in 26 countries. Perceived barriers for access to bDMARDs were mainly found among financial and administrative restrictions. All dimensions of access were positively correlated with the country's economic welfare (coefficients 0.69 to 0.86 for overall access scores).Patients with RA in lower income European countries have less access to bDMARDs and sDMARDs, with particularly striking unaffordability of bDMARDs in some of these countries. When accepting that sDMARDs and bDMARDs are equally needed across countries to treat RA, our data point to inequities in access to pharmacological treatment for RA in Europe.
Health of Children Adopted From the Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
Authors: Lisa H. Albers
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Children born in the countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe are now a main source of international adoptions in the United States, but often little information is available about these children prior to adoption. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To analyze the preadoptive medical reports of children adopted from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and to compare these reports with their evaluations after arrival in the United States. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case series. <h3>Subjects and Setting.</h3> —A total of 56 children adopted from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union were evaluated in 2 international adoption clinics. Preadoptive medical records were available for 47 of these children. <h3>Results.</h3> —There were 43 (91%) of 47 medical reports available from the children's birth countries that included multiple unfamiliar neurologic diagnoses. Evaluations in the International Adoption Clinics frequently revealed growth delays (<i>z</i>score -le-1 for weight in 44% of children, height in 68%, and head circumference in 43%). Children had 1 month of linear growth lag for every 5 months in an orphanage (<i>r</i>=-0.48,<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Developmental delays were also common (gross motor delays in 70% of children, fine motor in 82%, language in 59%, and socialemotional in 53%). While serious medical problems were found or corroborated in 11 (20%) of the 56 children evaluated in our clinics, neurologic diagnoses cited in preadoptive medical reports were not confirmed. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Preadoptive medical records from these international adoptees included multiple diagnoses suggesting severe neurologic impairment. Although these diagnoses were not confirmed when the children were evaluated in the United States, substantial growth and developmental delays were identified.
Akt Phosphorylation of Merlin Enhances Its Binding to Phosphatidylinositols and Inhibits the Tumor-Suppressive Activities of Merlin
Authors: Masashi Okada, Yanru Wang, Sung-Wuk Jang, Xiaoling Tang, Luca M. Neri, Keqiang Ye
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The NF2 tumor suppressor gene encodes an intracellular membrane-associated protein, called merlin, which belongs to the band 4.1 family of cytoskeleton-associated proteins that link cell surface glycoproteins to the actin cytoskeleton. Merlin suppresses phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling by directly binding and inhibiting the stimulatory activity of PIKE-L on PI3K. Akt feeds back and phosphorylates merlin and provokes its polyubiquitination and degradation. Here, we show that Akt phosphorylation and PI(3,4,5)P3 binding mediate the tumor-suppressive activity of merlin. The extreme NH2 terminus of merlin directly interacts with phosphatidylinositols, for which the unfolded conformation is required. Moreover, Akt phosphorylation enhances merlin binding affinity to phosphatidylinositols and inhibits its proapoptotic actions. Furthermore, Akt phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositols increase merlin binding to CD44. Epidermal growth factor treatment and Akt phosphorylation provoke merlin to aggregate in the ruffled plasma membrane and promote cell migration. Thus, these results suggest that PI3K signaling regulates the tumor-suppressive activity of merlin via both Akt phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol lipids binding to merlin. [Cancer Res 2009;69(9):4043–51]