tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Two Uncommon Forms of Dislocation
Authors: A. W. M. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1878)

of " all kinds of colours".She was admitted into the hospital, and there had attacks in which, with apparent loss of consciousness, there was general tonic rigidity, but no clonic convulsion.Some of the attacks lasted several hours; others were shorter in duration, and seemed to be excited by a severe cough which troubled her.CASE XVI.Chorea; followed some years later by Hystero-epilepfi Seizures.-AdaS., when five years of age, was under treatment, at the Hospital for Paralysis and Epilepsy, for a well marked attack of chorea, from which she recovered, apparently completely.Three years after the chorea, when nine years of age, she became subject to " fits".These attacks commenced with jerking of the head and loss of power of speech for several hours.She was able during this time to hear quite well, but was unable to speak.Then she woul4i suddenly lose consciousness, the jaws " champed", a noise was made in the throat, and " foam" collected in the mouth, almost choking her.There was no general convulsion.After the attack, she generally slept for some time.At one time, these attacks recurred regularly every three weeks.
Targeted Therapy for Inherited GPI Deficiency
Authors: Antonio M. Almeida, Yoshiko Murakami, Alastair Baker, Yusuke Maeda, Irene A.G. Roberts, Taroh Kinoshita, D. Mark Layton, Anastasios Karadimitris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Disrupted binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to the mutated promoter region of the mannosyl transferase-encoding gene PIGM causes inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiency characterized by splanchnic vein thrombosis and epilepsy. We show that this results in histone hypoacetylation at the promoter of PIGM. The histone deacetylase inhibitor butyrate increases PIGM transcription and surface GPI expression in vitro as well as in vivo through enhanced histone acetylation in an Sp1-dependent manner. More important, the drug caused complete cessation of intractable seizures in a child with inherited GPI deficiency.
CONCERNING THE SPECIFICITY AND NATURE OF THE PHENOMENON OF LOCAL SKIN REACTIVITY TO VARIOUS BACTERIAL FILTRATES
Authors: Gregory Shwartzman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

The specifcity and the nature of the phenomenon of local skin reactivity to various microorganisms have been studied. It has been shown that the skin preparatory and reacting factors of various biologically and serologically unrelated microorganisms are able to substitute for each other, provided they have the power of eliciting the phenomenon for themselves. Additional evidence has been brought concerning the antigenic specificity of the factors eliciting the phenomenon. A variety of nonbacterial substances which are able to increase the permeability of capillaries, elicit inflammation and "block" the reticulo-endothelial cells; failed to induce the state of local skin reactivity to B. typhosus culture filtrate. Non-bacterial protein substances (crystalline egg albumin and normal horse serum) failed to reproduce the phenomenon. It was not possible to obtain passive transfer of the local skin reactivity. Various conditions influencing the potency of the bacterial culture filtrates have been pointed out. The essential nature of the phenomenon has been discussed together with its significance in relationship to disease.
The role of 68-Ga-DOTATOC CT-PET in surgical tactic for gastric neuroendocrine tumors treatment: Our experience: A case report
Authors: Andrea Cavallaro, Antonio Zanghì, Marco Cavallaro, Emanuele Lo Menzo, Isidoro Di Carlo, Maria Di Vita, Francesco Cardì, Gaetano Piccolo, Paolo Di Mattia, Alessandro Cappellani
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Effects of the Antiestrogens Tamoxifen, Toremifene, and ICI 182,780 on Endometrial Cancer Growth
Authors: R. M. O'Regan, A. Cisneros, J. L. MacGregor, H. D. Muenzner, V. J. Assikis, M. Piette, V. C. Jordan, G. M. England, M. M. Bilimoria, R. Chatterton, Y. P. Dragan, H. C. Pitot
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Background: Tamoxifen has been shown to promote the growth of human endometrial tumors implanted in athymic mice, and it has been associated with a twofold to threefold increase in endometrial cancer. Toremifene, a chlorinated derivative of tamoxifen, and ICI 182,780, a pure antiestrogen, are two new antiestrogens being developed for the treatment of breast cancer. The effects of these drugs on endometrial cancer are currently unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of toremifene and ICI 182,780 on the growth of human endometrial cancer in athymic mice. Methods: Athymic, ovariectomized mice were implanted with human endometrial tumors and treated with estrogen, tamoxifen, or the new antiestrogens. Results: The effects of tamoxifen and toremifene on the growth of either tamoxifenstimulated or tamoxifen-naive endometrial tumors in athymic mice were not substantially different. ICI 182,780 inhibited the growth of tamoxifen-stimulated endometrial cancer, in both the presence and the absence of estrogen. Conclusions: Toremifene and tamoxifen produce identical effects in our endometrial cancer models. Therefore, it is possible that toremifene, like tamoxifen, may be associated with an increased incidence of endometrial cancer. In contrast, ICI 182,780 inhibited tamoxifen-stimulated endometrial cancer, both in the presence and in the absence of estrogen, suggesting that this drug may be safe with regard to the endometrium, even if it is used following tamoxifen, and that it may not result in an increased incidence of endometrial cancer. Indeed, it is even possible that ICI 182,780 may prove useful as an adjuvant agent in early stage endometrial cancer. [J Nall Cancer Inst 1998;90:1552-8]
Serum concentrations of soluble interleukin 2 receptor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of second line drugs.
Authors: A Crilly, R Madhok, J Watson, H A Capell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) concentrations reflect lymphocyte activation in vivo. An investigation was carried out to determine if sIL-2R concentrations correlate with existing disease activity parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and whether these concentrations are modulated by treatment with second line drugs. Seventy nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis with active disease were prospectively treated with sodium aurothiomalate, auranofin, or sulphasalazine. Sequential concentrations of sIL-2R were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No correlations were observed between sIL-2R concentrations and clinical parameters and there were only moderate associations with concentrations of C reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Concentrations of sIL-2R did not significantly change with treatment. It is concluded that sIL-2R probably measures an aspect of rheumatoid synovitis distinct from acute phase reactants and is not influenced by treatment with second line drugs.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Use on Survival After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis: The Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort
Authors: Ahmed N. Dehal, Christina C. Newton, Eric J. Jacobs, Alpa V. Patel, Susan M. Gapstur, Peter T. Campbell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

To examine the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and survival among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and to evaluate whether this association varies by sex, insulin treatment, and durations of T2DM and insulin use.This study was conducted among 2,278 men and women diagnosed with nonmetastatic colon or rectal cancer between 1992 and 2007 in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, a prospective study of cancer incidence. In 1992 to 1993, participants completed a detailed, self-administrated questionnaire. Vital status and cause of death were ascertained through the end of 2008. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression.Among the 2,278 men and women with nonmetastatic CRC, there were 842 deaths by the end of follow-up (including 377 deaths from CRC and 152 deaths from cardiovascular disease [CVD]). Among men and women combined, compared with patients without T2DM, patients with CRC and T2DM were at higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.83), CRC-specific mortality (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.70), and CVD-specific mortality (RR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.24), with no apparent differences by sex or durations of T2DM or insulin use. Insulin use, compared with no T2DM, was associated with increased risk of death from all causes (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.31) and CVD (RR, 3.87; 95% CI, 2.12 to 7.08) but not from CRC (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.28 to 1.19).Patients with CRC and T2DM have a higher risk of mortality than patients with CRC who do not have T2DM, especially a higher risk of death from CVD.
Codon usage patterns in Nematoda: analysis based on over 25  million codons in thirty-two species.
Authors: Makedonka Mitreva, Michael C Wendl, John Martin, Todd Wylie, Yong Yin, Allan Larson, John Parkinson, Robert H Waterston, James P McCarter
Journal: Genome biology (2006)

Codon usage has direct utility in molecular characterization of species and is also a marker for molecular evolution. To understand codon usage within the diverse phylum Nematoda, we analyzed a total of 265,494 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from 30 nematode species. The full genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae were also examined. A total of 25,871,325 codons were analyzed and a comprehensive codon usage table for all species was generated. This is the first codon usage table available for 24 of these organisms. Codon usage similarity in Nematoda usually persists over the breadth of a genus but then rapidly diminishes even within each clade. Globodera, Meloidogyne, Pristionchus, and Strongyloides have the most highly derived patterns of codon usage. The major factor affecting differences in codon usage between species is the coding sequence GC content, which varies in nematodes from 32% to 51%. Coding GC content (measured as GC3) also explains much of the observed variation in the effective number of codons (R = 0.70), which is a measure of codon bias, and it even accounts for differences in amino acid frequency. Codon usage is also affected by neighboring nucleotides (N1 context). Coding GC content correlates strongly with estimated noncoding genomic GC content (R = 0.92). On examining abundant clusters in five species, candidate optimal codons were identified that may be preferred in highly expressed transcripts. Evolutionary models indicate that total genomic GC content, probably the product of directional mutation pressure, drives codon usage rather than the converse, a conclusion that is supported by examination of nematode genomes.
Do turbines with servo-controlled speed improve continuous positive airway pressure generation?
Authors: F Lofaso, L Heyer, A Leroy, H Lorino, A Harf, D Isabey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices with a servo-mechanism to control pressure have recently been developed. We evaluated six such devices and three conventional systems in terms of effectiveness in maintaining constant pressure. Machines were tested with pressure levels of 5, 10 and 15 cmH2O. Dynamic behaviour was evaluated: 1) by calculating the imposed work of breathing during simulated breath generated by a sinusoidal pump; and 2) by following the fall in pressure after a transient flow of 1 l.s-1. Quasi-static behaviour was evaluated by simulating a predetermined air leak. Under dynamic conditions, work of breathing was lowest with one conventional nasal CPAP device and three servo-controlled nasal CPAP devices; whereas, the highest levels of work of breathing were recorded with two servo-controlled nasal CPAP devices. The pressure-time response to a transient flow yielded similar results, with a significant inverse correlation between pressure values observed after 300 ms and imposed work of breathing during simulated breathing (r = -0.91). Under quasi-static conditions, microprocessor servo-controlled devices exhibited the best performance. These results suggest that microprocessor servo-controlled nasal CPAP devices are not always the best systems for maintaining constant airway pressure in dynamic situations. However, they are more effective in ensuring maintenance of the desired pressure in the event of an air leak at the mask.
Acute effect of water pipe tobacco smoking on cardio respiratory system
Authors: Zahra Hessami, Babak Sharifkashani, Mohammadreza Masjedi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:   Since few data exist about health effects of Hookah smoking and considering this type of tobacco smoking is extensively used in Iran, we evaluated acute effect of Hookah smoking on cardio respiratory system.   Method:   This prospective study was done on 80 participants. Ankle brachial index(which is a standard test to diagnosing peripheral artery diseases), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate were measured before and after of hookah smoking. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.   Results:   80 persons participated in this study. All of them experienced hookah. The mean age of them was 32.2±9.09. The mean of ABI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate were 1.06±0.1, 128±4.2mmHg, 75.5±2mmHg and 18±5/min before hookah smoking respectively whereas they reached to 0.88±0.1, 130±5.11mmHg, 79.6±3mmHg and 23±5/min after 30min session hookah consumption. P=0.001   Conclusion:   Hookah smoking had acute effects on cardio respiratory functions in this study. Long term effects could be expected regarding these findings.
Prognostic Significance of Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand and Its Receptors in Adjuvantly Treated Stage III Colon Cancer Patients
Authors: Caroline M. van Geelen, Jantine L. Westra, Elisabeth G. de Vries, Wytske Boersma-van Ek, Nynke Zwart, Harry Hollema, H. Marike Boezen, Nanno H. Mulder, John T. Plukker, Steven de Jong, Jan H. Kleibeuker, Jan J. Koornstra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose In preclinical models, there is synergism between chemotherapy and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) –related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on apoptosis induction in tumor cells. Therefore, the prognostic relevance was analyzed of the expression of TRAIL and its death receptors DR4 and DR5 on disease-free survival and overall survival in stage III colon cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Tissue microarrays were constructed of primary tumor tissue from 376 stage III colon cancer patients treated in a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy study (fluorouracil/levamisole v fluorouracil/levamisole/leucovorin) and stained immunohistochemically for TRAIL, DR4, and DR5. Log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard analysis, with adjustment for treatment arm, sex, age, N stage, microsatellite instability status, and p53 mutation status, were performed. Results The majority of tumors showed high expression of TRAIL (83%), DR4 (92%), and DR5 (87%). Median follow-up was 43 months. High DR4 expression was associated with worse disease-free survival (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.53; P = .03), worse overall survival (OR = 2.22; 95% CI,1.03 to 4.81; P = .04) and shorter time to recurrence (P = .02) compared with those with low DR4 expression. TRAIL or DR5 expression had no prognostic value. Conclusion High DR4 expression is associated with worse disease-free and overall survival in stage III adjuvant-treated colon cancer patients. Evaluation of DR4 expression in stage III colon cancer patients may identify a subset requiring more aggressive adjuvant treatment.
Initiation of MLL-rearranged AML is dependent on C/EBPα
Authors: Ewa Ohlsson, Marie Sigurd Hasemann, Anton Willer, Felicia Kathrine Bratt Lauridsen, Nicolas Rapin, Johan Jendholm, Bo Torben Porse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

MLL-fusion proteins are potent inducers of oncogenic transformation, and their expression is considered to be the main oncogenic driving force in ∼10% of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. These oncogenic fusion proteins are responsible for the initiation of a downstream transcriptional program leading to the expression of factors such as MEIS1 and HOXA9, which in turn can replace MLL-fusion proteins in overexpression experiments. To what extent MLL fusion proteins act on their own during tumor initiation, or if they collaborate with other transcriptional regulators, is unclear. Here, we have compared gene expression profiles from human MLL-rearranged AML to normal progenitors and identified the myeloid tumor suppressor C/EBPα as a putative collaborator in MLL-rearranged AML. Interestingly, we find that deletion of Cebpa rendered murine hematopoietic progenitors completely resistant to MLL-ENL–induced leukemic transformation, whereas C/EBPα was dispensable in already established AMLs. Furthermore, we show that Cebpa-deficient granulocytic-monocytic progenitors were equally resistant to transformation and that C/EBPα collaborates with MLL-ENL in the induction of a transcriptional program, which is also apparent in human AML. Thus, our studies demonstrate a key role of C/EBPα in MLL fusion–driven transformation and find that it sharply demarcates tumor initiation and maintenance.
HER2 expression and HER2:HER2 dimerization identifies subpopulations of metastatic breast cancer patients with different probabilities of long-term survival following trastuzumab treatment and with different requirements for concomitant chemotherapy
Authors: M. P. Bates, C. Desmedt, J. Sperinde, W. Huang, D. Larsimont, V. Durbecq, J. Winslow, C. Chappey, M. Piccart, C. Sotiriou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

10557 Background: Selection of patients for treatment with trastuzumab is currently based on the semi-quantitative measurement of HER2 protein expression (IHC) or gene amplification (FISH). We made quantitative measurements of HER2 expression and homodimerization using a novel assay, eTag, and correlated them with overall survival (OS) and time-to-progression (TTP) following trastuzumab treatment in a cohort of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We also examined the benefit of concomitant chemotherapy (CT) depending on quantitative HER2 expression. Methods: The Jules Bordet cohort (Brussels, Belgium, N=71) had MBC and prior treatment with at least two CT regimens. Patients received trastuzumab alone or combined with predominantly paclitaxel. Independent medical data review and central confirmation of HER2 overexpression by FISH (N=64) or IHC (N=7) were mandatory. The eTag assay was used to quantitate HER2 protein expression and HER2:HER2 dimers in FFPE specimens. eTag measurements were correlated with OS and TTP using Kaplan-Meier and Cox Proportional Hazards regression analyses. Results: Cox analyses identified three independent correlates of OS and TTP: number of metastatic sites (HR OS = 2.4/site, 95%CI 1.5–3.9, p = 0.00019), treatment with trastuzumab only (HR OS = 2.8, 95%CI 1.1–7.3, p = 0.036), and HER2 expression level (HR OS = 0.24/log 10 (HER2), 95%CI 0.09–0.7, p = 0.0058). Patients with high HER2 (above median expression) experienced better OS than those with low HER2 (HR 0.24, p = 0.0014). Patients with high HER2 expression did not benefit from added CT (HR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.24–3.8, p = 0.94), while patients with low HER2 expression did (trastuzumab alone HR 4.4, 95% CI 1.3–18, p = 0.018). Similar results were observed for HER2:HER2 dimerization. Conclusions: Within a population of patients selected by FISH or IHC to receive trastuzumab, higher HER2 expression or HER2:HER2 dimerization correlated with better outcomes. Patients with high HER2 expression derived no benefit from concomitant CT, while patients with low HER2 expression benefited significantly from the addition of CT to trastuzumab. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cytochemical and Physiological Effects of 6-Hydroxydopamine on Periarteriolar Nerves of Frogs
Authors: G. R. SIGGINS, F. E. BLOOM
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The frog retrolingual membrane was used as a model microcirculatory system for evaluating the role of neural control. Terminal arterioles were studied before and 2 to 21 days after topical application of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HDA). When arterioles were visualized microscopically in vivo and stimulated directly with a microelectrode, 6-HDA reduced the normal, longitudinally conducted vasoconstriction to a local response. Current intensities needed for threshold responses averaged more than fourfold those of control thresholds. Nerve induced vasoconstriction was abolished, whereas nerve-induced vasodilation persisted after 6-HDA. Ultrastructurally, 6-HDA produced extensive degeneration only in perivascular nerves containing large granular vesicles, although vasomotor nerves with clear vesicles, vascular smooth muscle, Schwann cells, endothelial cells, motor end plates, and striated muscle appeared normal after 6-HDA treatment. Autoradiography and fluorescence histochemistry revealed that the perivascular nerves were no longer capable of taking up or binding exogenous catecholamine. The results indicate that topically applied 6-HDA produces selective dysfunction of adrenergic nerves correlated with fine structural degeneration. The absence of conducted vasoconstrictor responses in this preparation indicates their dependence on an intact adrenergic nerve supply.
Neurogenic diabetes insipidus in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: J. SANCHEZ-ROMAN, M. J. CASTILLO-PALMA, C. O. MEDINA, F. VILLAMIL-FERNANDEZ, I. WICHMANN
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Neurogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) approximately affects one of 25 000 people. The idiopathic type represents about 30% of all NDI cases (one of 75 000).1 The coexistence of primary NDI and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an exceptional fact that has not been previously described. We report two cases belonging to a series of 350 SLE patients (ARA criteria,1988).2 

### CASE 1

A 48 year old woman who had suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis in 1976. Ten years later she was examined because of a suspected myopericarditis. She also had a photosensitive malar erythema, oral ulcers, Raynaud’s phenomenon, vasculitic lesions on fingertips, Sjogren’s syndrome, and polyarthritis during one year. Blood count, complement, protein electrophoresis, rheumatoid factor, syphilis serological test, and renal function were normal. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were positive (1/160). Anticardiolipin …
The diagnosis and management of chronic cough
Authors: A.H. Morice
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Capturing cell-to-cell and cell-to-environment signals in a defined 3 dimensional (3D) microenvironment is key to study cellular functions, including cellular reprogramming towards tissue regeneration. A major challenge in current culturing methods is that these methods cannot accurately capture this multicellular 3D microenvironment. In this study, we established the framework of 3D bioprinting with plant cells to study cell viability, cell division, and cell identity. We established long-term cell viability for bioprinted <i>Arabidopsis</i> root cells and soybean meristematic cells. To analyze the large image datasets generated during these long-term viability studies, we developed an open source high-throughput image analysis pipeline. Furthermore, we showed the cell cycle re-entry of the isolated <i>Arabidopsis</i> and soybean cells leading to the formation of microcalli. Finally, we showed that the identity of isolated cells of <i>Arabidopsis</i> roots expressing endodermal markers maintained longer periods of time. The framework established in this study paves the way for a general use of 3D bioprinting for studying cellular reprogramming and cell cycle re-entry towards tissue regeneration.