tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
To contribute to health, we need to understand who we are treating
Authors: David Hughes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

“Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness,” wrote Mark Twain. The more one travels, the more one realises that all human beings crave the same essential ingredients in life: safety, prosperity, the affection of others and good health. As healthcare professionals, we have the ability and opportunity to contribute to the good health of others. To make this contribution meaningful, however, we first need to understand the definitions of ‘health’ and ‘normal’.

Furthermore, to effectively intervene to improve the health of another, we need to understand how the particular health issue is impacting on the functional capacity of that individual. Two of my patients illustrated this point. The first was an elite level cyclist who had fallen off her bicycle a week prior, suffering a deep and long soft tissue laceration just below the knee, requiring extensive suturing and leaving a very impressive wound. The second athlete was a para-canoe athlete with a T6 level spinal lesion with painful blisters on both thumbs. The blisters had been caused by canoeing but were severe enough to now be causing difficulty with wheelchair mobility. At first glance, the blisters might have seemed relatively trivial compared to the cyclist’s leg wound. In terms of the potential threat to functional capacity; however, the blisters were a far more significant injury.

In this ACSP issue, Jennifer Baldwin and colleagues ( see page 1225 and 1226 ) discuss the concept of defining ‘health’. What may be a significant health issue to one individual may be quite insignificant to another. The concept of ‘health’ is relative and determined by a range of factors, including specific character traits, sociocultural factors and particular physical factors, which all have the potential to challenge the individual. Our understanding of ‘health’ must take into account the human experience. Baldwin and …
Brief Communication: Immediate Effects of Insulin and Anti-Insulins on Glycolysis in Spontaneous Mammary Tumors in Mice
Authors: Mark W. Woods, George Vlahakis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Glucolysis in spontaneous mouse mammary tumors in vitro with 0.2% glucose was inhibited 20–40% by 200 μg/cc Δ1-testololactone or 20 μg/cc testosterone (“anti-insulins”). Addition of insulin gave small but significant stimulations (8–15%) of glucolysis. Similar effects of insulin and Δ1-testololactone were obtained with fructose, but high levels of the sugar were required (2.7–5.4%.) This seems based on the greatly lowered affinity of the hexokinase for fructose. The reported effects of insulin in stimulating various anabolic functions (DNA polymerase, DNA synthesis, cell growth) require hours (4, more or less) for expression, whereas enhancement of glucolysis takes place in 5–10 minutes. The primary target for insulin in all these cases may be glucolysi.
A phase II trial of erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine and capecitabine in previously untreated metastatic/recurrent pancreatic cancer: Combined analysis with translational research
Authors: D. Oh, K. Lee, K. Lee, C. Sohn, Y. Park, D. Zang, H. Ryoo, Y. Bang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

4607 Background: To confirm the efficacy and toxicity of erlotinib (E) in combination with gemcitabine (G) and capecitabine (C) when used as a first-line therapy in patients (pts) with metastatic/recurrent pancreatic cancer Methods: Pts with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with measurable lesion were eligible for the study. Other eligibility criteria included: no previous palliative chemotherapy, Karnofsky performance status (PS)≥50, adequate organ function. Locally advanced pancreatic cancer was excluded. E was given at a dose of 100mg daily from D1 to D28. G was given at a dose of 1000mg/m 2 on D1,8,15 and C was given at a dose of 1660mg/m 2 /d from D1 to 21, repeated every 4 weeks. Response was assessed every 8 weeks. Tumor tissue and blood sample was analyzed for the translational research. Results: A total of 47 pts were enrolled between Feb 2007 and Feb 2008. (median age: 58 y, Karnofsky PS100/90/80/70/60 (6/26/9/5/1)). Forty three pts were evaluable for response. Partial responses were achieved in 14 patients, resulting in response rate of 32.6%. Twenty two pts (51.2%) had stable disease. Overall disease control rate was 83.7%. The PFS was 6.5 months (95% CI, 3.4–9.7) and the overall survival was 12.0 months (95% CI, 8.6–15.9). The Gr 3/4 hematologic toxicities were: neutropenia (6.8%), thrombocytopenia (3.2%), anemia (1.6%). The major Gr 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities were: nausea (1.6%), vomiting (1.6%), anorexia (5.3%), rash (0.5%). EGFR, pEGFR, TS, TP, DPD was overexpressed in 77.4%, 17.1%, 82.4%, 53.6% and 61.3% of tumor tissues respectively. EGFR amplification was not detected. Among these, the EGFR expression was significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS (p=0.029, p=0.005 respectively). K-RAS mutation was detected in 47.5%. PFS and OS were not different according to K-RAS mutation. RRM1 2455G&gt;A, RRM1 2464G&gt;A, CDA 79A&gt;C, CDA 435C&gt;T polymorphism did not influence on the PFS and OS. Conclusions: Erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine and capecitabine showed promising efficacy and good tolerability in metastatic pancreatic cancer. This efficacy was observed irrespective of K-RAS mutation, and the EGFR expression was poor prognostic factor for PFS and OS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effects of hydrocortisone on acute beta-blocker and histamine induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Philip Short, Peter Williamson, Lorna McKinlay, Brian Lipworth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction and objectives: The benefits of chronic beta-blockade in asthma have recently been questioned, however concerns of bronchoconstriction persist with the greatest risk after first dose. We investigated the safety of acute exposure to propranolol in asthmatics, sequentially challenged with histamine to mimic an asthma exacerbation and evaluated the role of hydrocortisone in potentiating salbutamol reversibility.

Methods: Persistent atopic asthmatics, ≤1000μg/day budesonide performed a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Following 10mg or 20mg of oral propranolol, patients received 400mg iv. hydrocortisone or placebo, followed by histamine challenge with nebulised salbutamol 5mg and ipratropium 500mcg recovery.

Results: 13 patients completed per protocol. Hydrocortisone did not potentiate salbutamol recovery post-propranolol and histamine challenge. Beta-blocker induced bronchoconstriction was demonstrated by spiromery and IOS. For the placebo visit, FEV1% fell 4.7% 2hrs post-propranolol whilst R5% increased 31.3%. On both visits FEV1% and R5% returned to baseline after salbutamol post-histamine.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion: Nebulised salbutamol produced a full recovery after propranolol and histamine induced bronchoconstriction, independent of hydrocortisone use. Our findings offer reassurance to those undertaking further evaluation of chronic beta-blockade as a potential treatment for asthma.

 [1]: pending:yes
In spite of enhancing the complete response (CR) rate with more cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) only an early complete response (ECR) correlates with a better disease free survival (DFS) for larynx preservation (LP)
Authors: R. E. Giglio, R. N. Pradier, E. A. Mickiewicz, B. Roth, L. Califano, V. Cuartero, P. Saco, A. Alvarez, M. Bonomi, P. Menendez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5544 Background: Survival (SV) and LP rates were better for pts with operable stage III and IV larynx cancer (LC) who achieved a CR after NACT (PF) followed by hyperfractionated radiotherapy (RT) (Proc. ASCO:895,1996). The aim of this study was to enhance the CR rate with more cycles of NACT and therefore enhance SV and LP. Methods: From 11/95 to 07/01 70 pts with LC entered this study and 68 were evaluable for response to NACT (2 were non-evaluable). Median age: 58 y, sex: F/M: 3/65, site: glottic: 29 (42.6%), supraglottic: 39 (57.4%). Pts were evaluated after the second cycle and non-responding pts (NR) did not continue on NACT(12/68 pts –17.6%). Pts were treated with RT after CR, either after 3, 4 or 5 cycles of NACT. PR pts received a maximum of five cycles. Results: Best response after 3 cycles of NACT: CR: 25/68 (36.7%), PR: 31/68 (45.6%) . Sixteen additional pts achieved CR with more NACT : 4 cycles (14 pts), 5 cycles (2 pts).This difference was significant (p=0.007514). The final CR rate was 60.3% (41/68). Sixty two pts were evaluable after NACT+RT : (51 responding pts and 11 NR pts, 6 pts lost to follow up). CR after NACT+RT was 96% (46/51). With a median follow up of 36 months (r 2–94+) 33/51 responding pts are alive (64.7%) (26/38 with CR and 6/13 with PR (p:NS) and 24 pts (72.7%) have LP (19 CR and 5 PR).The LP rate for the whole group was 25/62 (40.3%)because 1 nonresponding pt refused surgery and received RT. Responding and nonresponding pts had similar DFS and SV. ECR (3 cycles) had a statistical significant better DFS than late complete responders (LCR) (4/5 cycles), p=0.02858. The difference in SV was not significant There was no difference between ECR and LCR. Conclusions: 1) There was a significant increment in the CR rate with 4/5 cycles of NACT over 3 cycles but this did not result in a better SV and LP rate. 2) Only ECR had a significant better DFS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL): Current practices in blood assessment and the utility of T-cell receptor (TCR)-Vβ chain restriction
Authors: Juliet F. Gibson, Jing Huang, Kristina J. Liu, Kacie R. Carlson, Francine Foss, Jaehyuk Choi, Richard Edelson, Jerry W. Hussong, Ramsey Mohl, Sally Hill, Michael Girardi
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2016)
Detection and Partial Characterization of Human Thymus-Leukemia Antigens23
Authors: Barry L. Dowell, John M. Falletta, Joseph O. Moore, Richard S. Metzgar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Two monkey antisera against human thymocytes after absorption with human erythrocytes and peripheral blood leukocytes were shown to detect human thymus-leukemia (HTL)-like antigens. These sera were cytotoxic for thymocytes (> 90% lysis at a 1:10 dilution) but were nonreactive with enriched peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes or with cells from myeloid or B-cell lymphoid leukemias. Most (16/17) sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells reacted with these sera. Cells from patients with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL), and thymoma were also positive. Three of 4 T-cell lymphoblastoid lines derived from ALL patients reacted with these sera. Absorption of the sera with MOLT-4F cells, thymocytes, or LBL cells removed the reactivity against all types of cells tested. However, sera absorbed with the T-cell line HSB remained cytotoxic for thymocytes, MOLT-4F, and most (6/9) T-cell cancers tested. The peripheral blood cell-absorbed sera precipitated a molecule with an apparent molecular weight of 48,000 from lactoperoxidase-labeled thymocytes but not from similarly labeled peripheral blood lymphocytes. The ability of the sera to precipitate this antigen was decreased by absorption with thymocytes, MOLT-4, or LBL cells but not by absorption with HSB, SB, or non-T, non-B ALL cells. Sequential precipitation studies suggested that the HTL antigen was not associated with beta 2 microglobulin.
It is now the age to define the appropriate follow-up of primary breast cancer patients.
Authors: C L Loprinzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.5.881 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8164036 It is now the age to define the appropriate follow-up of primary breast cancer patients. C L LoprinzixC L LoprinziSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.5.881 First Page PDF © 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Effect of Recurrent Mitral Regurgitation Following Degenerative Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: Rakesh M. Suri, Marie-Annick Clavel, Hartzell V. Schaff, Hector I. Michelena, Marianne Huebner, Rick A. Nishimura, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Overexpression of DEK in human gastric carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance.
Authors: Kwang-Huei Lin, Chung-Ying Tsai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

75 Background: Gastric cancer (GAC) is the second most common cancer worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in Taiwan. To improve the survival of gastric cancer patients, biomarkers for early detection and effective anticancer therapy are required. Methods: Dysregulated proteins in GAC tumor cells were captured and identified by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-labeling following basic-RP HPLC coupled to LTQ-orbitrap MS analysis. DEK, one of the most highly-expressed proteins in both intestinal and diffuse gastric cancers in iTRAQ analysis, was selected for further study. DEK proto-oncogene is originally identified as a fusion with the CAN nucleoporin protein in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients carrying the t(6;9) translocation, and DEK has been implicated in acute myeloid leukemia, melanoma, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and bladder cancer. The overexpression of DEK was confirmed using real-time quantitative-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT–PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Results: The data revealed that the expression of DEK mRNA was up-regulated in tumor tissues (compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues) of about 55.1% gastric patients. The expression of DEK protein was also up-regulated in tumor tissues identified by Western blot and IHC. To further understand the role of DEKgene in the human gastric cancer cells, the DEK knockdown stable clones were prepared in AZ521. The cells migration ability was reduced in DEK depletion stable clones, and the antitumor drug sensitivity and anoikis were increased in DEK depletion cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that DEK overexpression may contribute the poor prognosis of patients.
Extensive-stage small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma: intensive induction chemotherapy with high-dose cyclophosphamide plus high-dose etoposide.
Authors: D H Johnson, S N Wolff, J D Hainsworth, L L Porter, W W Grosh, K R Hande, F A Greco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Seventeen ambulatory patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer received one or two courses of high-dose induction chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) plus etopside (1,200 mg/m2) followed by four or five cycles of conventional-dose cyclophosphamide (1,000 mg/m2), doxorubicin (40 mg/m2), and vincristine (1.4 mg/m2) (CAV) given every 21 days. No additional chemotherapy was given until relapse or progression was documented. Response was assessed initially after high-dose induction therapy and again after completion of all chemotherapy. After induction therapy, 16/17 (94%) patients had achieved an objective response, including five (29%) complete responses and 11 (65%) partial responses. Two partially responding patients improved to a complete response after CAV, while one partial responder progressed and one patient died of an intercurrent illness while receiving CAV. Thus, the overall response after completing all chemotherapy was 15/16 (94%), including seven (44%) complete responses and eight (50%) partial responses. Median response duration was six months (range, 3 to 11 months), and overall median survival was ten months (range, 2 to 17 months). All 31 courses of induction therapy were associated with leukopenia (less than 1,000/microL), 81% with thrombocytopenia (less than 20,000/microL), and 77% with fever (greater than 38.5 degrees C). Seven episodes of bacteremia and one axillary abscess were documented, and there was one treatment-related death (6%). These toxicities are similar to that produced by high-dose etoposide alone. High-dose cyclophosphamide combined with high-dose etoposide can be administered to ambulatory patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer without requiring bone marrow transplantation to reestablish hematopoiesis. Complete response and median survival rates, however, are similar to those obtained with less intensive therapy.
Cancer screening using whole-body 18FDG-PET scan in healthy voluntary subjects
Authors: S. Kojima, A. Hara, N. Kosaka, Y. Matsuo, H. Suzuki, S. Torigoe, T. Suzuki, S. Teramukai, K. Uno, M. Fukushima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6072 Background: Since 1980s, 18FDG-PET imaging has been used as a modality to improve cancer patient management. Although 18FDG-PET scan is potentially useful in early detection of disease recurrence after primary treatment in cancer patients, its effectiveness in cancer screening is still unclear. Nevertheless, in Japan, very recently, asymptomatic individuals consult PET clinics for cancer screening. The total annual number of them has exceeded 5000 at the Nishidai clinic, Tokyo, Japan. Methods: From Aug 1, 2002 to Jul 31, 2003, 5816 consecutive voluntary subjects were examined with whole-body 18FDG-PET scan (Posicam-HZL, Positron Corporation) at the Nishidai clinic. We retrospectively analyzed the data of subject characteristics, and the result of PET scan screening combined with other modalities. Results: Out of 5816 subjects, 4909 asymptomatic healthy subjects without cancer history (2496 men and 2413 women) were analyzed. The mean age was 54.7 (SD=10.8) yrs. The subjects diagnosed positive by PET were 568 (11.6%), those who were suspected of the possibility of cancer were 332 (6.8%), and the subjects diagnosed as cancer proven by histology were 39 (0.8%), including 16 thyroid (all papillary carcinoma), 9 colorectal (all adenocarcinoma; stage 0/I/II/IIIA/IV:1/2/2/2/1 and 1 multiple colon cancer), 5 lung (all NSCLC; stage IA/IIB/IIIA:3/1/1), 5 breast (1 DCIS, 1 invasive ductal, 3 cytologically proven; Stage IIA/IIB:1/1 and not reported in 3), 2 prostate (both adenocarcinoma; Jewett stage C and D), and 1 renal cell (stage I) and 1 double cancers (ovarian and endometrial). False negative diagnosis reported was 14(0.3%), including 4 thyroid, 4 lung, 3 prostate, 3 renal cell, 1 breast and 1 bladder cancers. Positive predictive value of cancer screening in the PET center was 11.7% (95%CI 9.9%–13.5%) in this voluntary population. Conclusions: Overall cancer prevalence was suggested more than 0.8% in this voluntary population at the PET center, and this is approximately 3 fold of the annual cancer mortality rate in Japan. Although at present PET screening has some limitations: false negative and false positive risks, this result warrants further prospective cohort studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Inhibiting the Growth of a Transplantable Rat Mammary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: W J Kort, I M Weijma, A M Bijma, W P van Schalkwijk, A J Vergroesen, D L Westbroek
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

BN/Bi inbred female rats fed diets containing different amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, either of the ω-3 or ω-6 type, each received an implant of a syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma. When the diameter of the tumors reached 20 mm, they were surgically removed; 2 weeks thereafter the animals were sacrificed and lung metastases were counted. Cellular immune response was determined before tumor inoculation; certain prostaglandin values in plasma and platelet aggregation were measured before and after tumor inoculation. Plasma prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 values were significantly decreased in those rats fed a diet containing menhaden oil. 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1α, cellular immune response, and platelet function were not significantly different in either one of the diet groups. Tumor growth in the groups of rats receiving the ω-3 fatty acids in their diet was significantly inhibited in comparison with that in the rats receiving the ω-6 fatty acids. However, the number of metastases was not significantly altered.
Indian Medical Association backs lifting ban on sex testing
Authors: Sanjeet Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The Indian Medical Association has supported a suggestion by the women and child development minister, Maneka Gandhi, that India should consider lifting its ban on prenatal sex testing.

Prenatal sex testing was banned in India by the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act 1994 to try to end female feticide and to stop the decreasing female to male sex ratio in the country.

Gandhi suggested lifting the ban while speaking at the All India Regional Editors’ Conference in Jaipur on 1 February, provoking widespread condemnation. 

India’s ministry of women and child development has since issued a press note …
Use of FLAIR MRI in determining glioblastoma response to cediranib.
Authors: E. R. Gerstner, Q. Chen, T. Batchelor, A. G. Sorensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

2063 Background: Due to an ability to reverse blood-brain barrier permeability, antiangiogenic agents lead to a decrease in contrast enhancement (CE). In a subset of patients, tumors may grow by co-opting blood vessels with an intact BBB and appear as an increase in FLAIR signal without corresponding increase in CE. The neuro-oncology community has proposed new radiographic response criteria (RANO criteria) that incorporate change in FLAIR signal into the older, CE-based Macdonald criteria. Methods: We evaluated MRI scans from 30 patients who participated in a trial of cediranib for recurrent glioblastoma and compared responses based on RANO and Macdonald criteria. Patients underwent MRI scans at day -5, -1, 1, 28, 56, 112, and 168 of treatment. Both volumetric and area measurements of abnormal FLAIR hyperintensity and CE were recorded for each MRI and response was determined as PD ≥ 25% increase, MR 25%-50% shrinkage, PR ≥ 50% shrinkage, SD all else. Results: Using volumetric analysis, 11 patients would have been taken off study based on increase in FLAIR prior to PD on CET1. Three of these patients showed a decrease in FLAIR on the next scan that no longer met PD criteria. In 13 patients, changes in FLAIR and CET1 paralleled each other (both PR/MR/SD or both PD). Six patients had PD on CET1 with stable or decreasing FLAIR. For area measurements, 8 patients would have been taken off study based on an increase in FLAIR prior to PD on CET1 (3 with subsequent decrease that no longer met criteria for PD). In 16 patients changes in FLAIR and CET1 paralleled each other and 6 patients had an increase in CE that preceded any increase in FLAIR. Determination of progression was influenced by whether or not the pretreatment or the nadir scan was used for comparison with PD occurring earlier if the nadir scan was used. Conclusions: RANO criteria incorporate a significant change in FLAIR but do not define significant. Based on cut-offs used for CE changes, we found that using FLAIR would change response rate in our study and lead to termination of study drug in several patients. The variability in measuring FLAIR volume presents a challenge to using FLAIR to assess response. It is also critical to clearly state if the baseline scan or the nadir scan should be used to determine radiographic response. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca, Genentech, Novartis, Regeneron AstraZeneca, Genentech, Novartis, Takeda