tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measurement of organophosphate metabolites in postpartum meconium as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study.
Authors: R M Whyatt, D B Barr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Experimental data have linked exposure to prenatal organophosphates to adverse neurocognitive sequalae. However, epidemiologic research has been hampered by lack of reliable dosimeters. Existing biomarkers reflect short-term exposure only. Measurements of pesticides in postpartum meconium may yield a longer-term dosimeter of prenatal exposure. As the initial step in biomarker validation, this research determined background levels, detection limits, and stabilities of six organophosphate metabolites in meconium: diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP), dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), and dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP). Calibration curves were also constructed. The meconium was collected from 20 newborns at New York Presbyterian Hospital; analyses were undertaken at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). DEP was detected in 19/20 samples (range 0.8-3.2 microg/g) and DETP was detected in 20/20 (range 2.0-5.6 microg/g). DMP and DEDTP were each detected in 1/20 (at 16 and 1.8 microg/g, respectively). DMTP and DMDTP were not detected. Detection limits were comparable to or lower than those in urine; levels were similar to those seen in adult urine in population-based research. Metabolites were stable at room temperature over 12 hr. Calibration curves were linear over the range tested (0.5-400 microg/g); recoveries ranged from 18% to 66%. Using isotope dilution, recoveries of each analyte in individual samples can be corrected automatically based on the recovery of the respective stable isotope-labeled analogue, making this method fully quantitative. Results indicate that measurements of organophosphate metabolites in meconium have promise as biomarkers of prenatal exposure. Further research is needed to determine the time frame of exposure represented by pesticide levels in meconium and to evaluate the dose-response relationship.
Profiling cancer gene mutations in longitudinal epithelial ovarian cancer biopsies by targeted next-generation sequencing: a retrospective study
Authors: L. Beltrame, M. Di Marino, R. Fruscio, E. Calura, B. Chapman, L. Clivio, F. Sina, C. Mele, P. Iatropoulos, T. Grassi, V. Fotia, C. Romualdi, P. Martini, M. Noris, L. Paracchini, I. Craparotta, M. Petrillo, R. Milani, P. Perego, A. Ravaggi, A. Zambelli, E. Ronchetti, M. D'Incalci, S. Marchini
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Exaggerated Activation of Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex During Cognitive Interference: A Monozygotic Twin Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Lisa M. Shin, George Bush, Mohammed R. Milad, Natasha B. Lasko, Kathryn Handwerger Brohawn, Katherine C. Hughes, Michael L. Macklin, Andrea L. Gold, Rachel D. Karpf, Scott P. Orr, Scott L. Rauch, Roger K. Pitman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Combat veterans with PTSD showed greater activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate than combat veterans without PTSD, but so did their monozygotic co-twins without combat exposure, suggesting genetic vulnerability to PTSD.
Identifying the lowest effective dose of acetazolamide for the prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: E. V. Low, A. J. Avery, V. Gupta, A. Schedlbauer, M. P. W. Grocott
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To assess the efficacy of three different daily doses of acetazolamide in the prevention of acute mountain sickness and to determine the lowest effective dose. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Medline and Embase along with a hand search of selected bibliographies. No language restrictions were applied. <b>Study selection </b>Randomised controlled trials assessing the use of acetazolamide at 250 mg, 500 mg, or 750 mg daily versus placebo in adults as a drug intervention for the prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness. Included studies were required to state the administered dose of acetazolamide and to randomise participants before ascent to either acetazolamide or placebo. Two reviewers independently carried out the selection process. <b>Data extraction</b> Two reviewers extracted data concerning study methods, pharmacological intervention with acetazolamide, method of assessment of acute mountain sickness, and event rates in both control and intervention groups, which were verified and analysed by the review team collaboratively. <b>Data synthesis</b> 11 studies (with 12 interventions arms) were included in the review. Acetazolamide at doses of 250 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg were all effective in preventing acute mountain sickness above 3000 m, with a combined odds ratio of 0.36 (95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.46). At a dose of 250 mg daily the number needed to treat for acetazolamide to prevent acute mountain sickness was 6 (95% confidence interval 5 to 11). Heterogeneity ranged from I<sup>2</sup>=0% (500 mg subgroup) to I<sup>2</sup>=44% (750 mg subgroup). <b>Conclusions</b> Acetazolamide in doses of 250 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg daily are all more effective than placebo for preventing acute mountain sickness. Acetazolamide 250 mg daily is the lowest effective dose to prevent acute mountain sickness for which evidence is available.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemotherapy and Dose-Escalated Thoracic Conformal Radiotherapy (74 Gy) in Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: CALGB 30105
Authors: Mark A. Socinski, A. William Blackstock, Jeffrey A. Bogart, Xiaofei Wang, Michael Munley, Julian Rosenman, Lin Gu, Gregory A. Masters, Peter Ungaro, Arthur Sleeper, Mark Green, Antonius A. Miller, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose To evaluate 74 Gy thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) with induction and concurrent chemotherapy in stage IIIA/B non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Patients with stage IIIA/B NSCLC were randomly assigned to induction chemotherapy with either carboplatin (area under the curve [AUC], 6; days 1 and 22) with paclitaxel (225 mg/m 2 ; days 1 and 22; arm A) or carboplatin (AUC, 5; days 1 and 22) with gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m 2 ; days 1, 8, 22, and 29; arm B). On day 43, arm A received weekly carboplatin (AUC, 2) and paclitaxel (45 mg/m 2 ) while arm B received biweekly gemcitabine (35 mg/m 2 ) both delivered concurrently with 74 Gy of TRT utilizing three-dimensional treatment planning. The primary end point was survival at 18 months. Results Forty-three and 26 patients were accrued to arms A and B, respectively. Arm B was closed prematurely due to a high rate of grade 4 to 5 pulmonary toxicity. The overall response rate was 66.6% (95% CI, 50.5% to 80.4%) and 69.2% (95% CI, 48.2% to 85.7%) on arm A and B, respectively. The median survival time (MST) and 1-year survival rate was 24.3 months (95% CI, 12.3 to 36.4) and 66.7% (95% CI, 50.3 to 78.7) and 12.5 months (95% CI, 9.4 to 27.6) and 50.0% (95% CI, 29.9 to 67.2) for arms A and B, respectively. The primary toxicities included esophagitis, pulmonary, and fatigue. Conclusion Arm A reached the primary end point with an estimated MST longer than 18 months and will be compared with a standard dose of TRT in a planned randomized phase III trial in the United States cooperative groups.
Descriptive epidemiology of primary brain and CNS tumors: Results from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, 1990-1994
Authors: Tanya S. Surawicz, Bridget J. McCarthy, Varant Kupelian, Patti J. Jukich, Janet M. Bruner, Faith G. Davis
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1999)

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) obtained 5 years of incidence data (1990-1994)-including reports on all primary brain and CNS tumors-from 11 collaborating state cancer registries.Data were available for 20,765 tumors located in the brain, meninges, and other CNS sites, including the pituitary and pineal glands.The average annual incidence was estimated at 11.5 cases per 100,000 person-years.The higher incidence of tumors in male patients (12.1 per 100,000 person-years) than in female patients (11.0 per 100,000 person-years) was statistically signi cant (P<0.05); the higher incidence in whites (11.6 per 100,000 person-years) compared with blacks (7.8 per 100,000 person-years) was statistically signi cant (P<0.05).The most frequently reported histologies were meningiomas (24.0%) and glioblastomas (22.6%).Higher rates for glioblastomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, oligoden-drogliomas, anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, mixed gliomas, astrocytomas not otherwise speci ed, medulloblastomas, lymphomas, and germ cell tumors in male than in female patients were statistically signi cant (P<0.05), with relative risks (RR) ranging from 1.3 to 3.4.Meningiomas were the only tumors with a signi cant excess in females (RR=0.5).We noted higher occurrence rates in whites than in blacks for the following histologies: diffuse astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, mixed gliomas, astrocytomas NOS, medulloblastomas, nerve sheath tumors, hemangioblastomas, and germ cell tumors, with RRs ranging from 1.5 to 3.4.Racial differences in occurrence rates were not observed for predominately benign meningiomas or pituitary tumors.This study represents the largest compilation of data on primary brain and CNS tumors in the United States.Standard reporting de nitions and practices must be universally adopted to improve the quality and use of cancer registry data.
Targeted Deletion of MicroRNA-22 Promotes Stress-Induced Cardiac Dilation and Contractile Dysfunction
Authors: Priyatansh Gurha, Cei Abreu-Goodger, Tiannan Wang, Maricela O. Ramirez, Ana L. Drumond, Stijn van Dongen, Yuqing Chen, Nenad Bartonicek, Anton J. Enright, Brendan Lee, Robert J. Kelm, Anilkumar K. Reddy, George E. Taffet, Allan Bradley, Xander H. Wehrens, Mark L. Entman, Antony Rodriguez
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Delineating the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the posttranscriptional gene regulation offers new insights into how the heart adapts to pathological stress. We developed a knockout of miR-22 in mice and investigated its function in the heart. Methods and Results— Here, we show that miR-22 –deficient mice are impaired in inotropic and lusitropic response to acute stress by dobutamine. Furthermore, the absence of miR-22 sensitized mice to cardiac decompensation and left ventricular dilation after long-term stimulation by pressure overload. Calcium transient analysis revealed reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ load in association with repressed sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase activity in mutant myocytes. Genetic ablation of miR-22 also led to a decrease in cardiac expression levels for Serca2a and muscle-restricted genes encoding proteins in the vicinity of the cardiac Z disk/titin cytoskeleton. These phenotypes were attributed in part to inappropriate repression of serum response factor activity in stressed hearts. Global analysis revealed increased expression of the transcriptional/translational repressor purine-rich element binding protein B, a highly conserved miR-22 target implicated in the negative control of muscle expression. Conclusion— These data indicate that miR-22 functions as an integrator of Ca 2+ homeostasis and myofibrillar protein content during stress in the heart and shed light on the mechanisms that enhance propensity toward heart failure.
The Bacteriology of Pleural Infection by Genetic and Standard Methods and Its Mortality Significance
Authors: Nick A. Maskell, Sarah Batt, Emma L. Hedley, Christopher W. H. Davies, Stephen H. Gillespie, Robert J. O. Davies
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONCONCLUSIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Functional replication of the tendon tissue microenvironment by a bioimprinted substrate and the support of tenocytic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wing Yin Tong, Wei Shen, Connie W.F. Yeung, Ying Zhao, Shuk Han Cheng, Paul K. Chu, Danny Chan, Godfrey C.F. Chan, Kenneth M.C. Cheung, Kelvin W.K. Yeung, Yun Wah Lam
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Optimizing the Detection of Recent Tuberculosis Infection in Children in a High Tuberculosis–HIV Burden Setting
Authors: Anna M. Mandalakas, H. Lester Kirchner, Gerhard Walzl, Robert P. Gie, H. Simon Schaaf, Mark F. Cotton, Harleen M. S. Grewal, Anneke C. Hesseling
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Children who are young, malnourished, and infected with HIV have significant risk of tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and mortality following TB infection. Treatment of TB infection is hindered by poor detection and limited pediatric data.
13C mixed triglyceride breath test
Authors: L T Weaver, S Amarri, G R Swart
Journal: Gut (1998)

There is no easy and reliable test universally accepted in clinical practice to measure fat digestion. Fat balance studies are insensitive and unpleasant for regular clinical assessment, direct measures of pancreatic function are impractical for repeated use, the “steatocrit” method is not quantitative; tubeless tests have not proved to be effective substitutes; and clinical measures, such as stool frequency, appearance, and consistency, are subjective.

In 1981 an isotope breath test named the “mixed triglyceride (MTG) breath test” was described by Ghoos et al to measure intraduodenal lipase activity as an index of exocrine pancreatic function in adults.1 It was later modified by the substitution of 13C for 14C.2 The labelled carbon, originating from the labelled fat as a result of digestion, absorption, and oxidation, can be detected in exhaled carbon dioxide and the amount recovered in the breath is an indirect measure of lipolysis within the small intestine. The MTG breath test derives its name from the presence in the test molecule of both long and medium chain fatty acids. The labelled substrate consists of a triglyceride with two molecules of stearic acid at the Sn-1 and three positions and 13C octanoic acid in the Sn-2 position (1,3-distearyl [13C octanoyl] glycerol).

The MTG has a number of advantages over other triglycerides, such as trioctanoin and triolein,3 which have been used as substrates with which to measure fat digestion in adults and children.4 5 Although the MTG is not representative of a naturally occurring dietary fat, the rate limiting step in its digestion is hydrolysis of the two stearyl groups by pancreatic lipase. Normal diet contains little octanoate, and the labelled tracer is not therefore diluted by unlabelled substrate. Octanoic acid, as a medium chain fatty acid, is rapidly and completely absorbed …
Adverse respiratory effects associated with cadmium exposure in small-scale jewellery workshops in India
Authors: Subhabrata Moitra, Paul D Blanc, Subhashis Sahu
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Cadmium (Cd) is an important metal with both common occupational and environmental sources of exposure. Although it is likely to cause adverse respiratory effects, relevant human data are relatively sparse. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross-sectional study of 133 workers in jewellery workshops using Cd under poor hygienic conditions and 54 referent jewellery sales staffs was performed. We assessed symptoms, performed spirometry, measured urinary Cd levels in all study subjects and quantified airborne total oxidant contents for 35 job areas in which the studied workforce was employed. We tested the association of symptoms with exposure relative to the unexposed referents using logistic regression analysis, and tested the association between urinary Cd levels and lung function using multiple regression analysis, adjusting for demographics, smoking and area-level airborne oxidants. <h3>Results</h3> Exposed workers had 10 times higher urinary Cd values than referents (geometric mean 5.8 vs 0.41 µg/dl; p&lt;0.01). Of the exposed subjects, 75% reported respiratory tract symptoms compared with 33% of the referents (OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.4 to 7.3). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>) were also lower among the exposed workers than the referents (&gt;600 ml decrement for each, p&lt;0.001). For every 1 µg increase in urinary Cd there was a 34 ml decrement in FVC and a 39 ml decrement in FEV<sub>1</sub> (p&lt;0.01), taking into account other covariates including workplace airborne oxidant concentrations. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This cohort of heavily exposed jewellery workers experienced frequent respiratory symptoms and manifested a marked deficit in lung function, demonstrating a strong response to Cd exposure.
BAFF is produced by astrocytes and up-regulated in multiple sclerosis lesions and primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Markus Krumbholz, Diethilde Theil, Tobias Derfuss, Andreas Rosenwald, Frank Schrader, Camelia-Maria Monoranu, Susan L. Kalled, Donna M. Hess, Barbara Serafini, Francesca Aloisi, Hartmut Wekerle, Reinhard Hohlfeld, Edgar Meinl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

We report that B cell–activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family (BAFF) is expressed in the normal human brain at ∼10% of that in lymphatic tissues (tonsils and adenoids) and is produced by astrocytes. BAFF was regularly detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in brain tissue lysates and in normal spinal fluid, and in astrocytes by double fluorescence microscopy. Cultured human astrocytes secreted functionally active BAFF after stimulation with interferon-γ and TNF-α via a furin-like protease-dependent pathway. BAFF secretion per cell was manifold higher in activated astrocytes than in monocytes and macrophages. We studied brain lesions with B cell components, and found that in multiple sclerosis plaques, BAFF expression was strongly up-regulated to levels observed in lymphatic tissues. BAFF was localized in astrocytes close to BAFF-R–expressing immune cells. BAFF receptors were strongly expressed in situ in primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas. This paper identifies astrocytes as a nonimmune source of BAFF. CNS-produced BAFF may support B cell survival in inflammatory diseases and primary B cell lymphoma.
Duration of Withdrawal of Life Support in the Intensive Care Unit and Association with Family Satisfaction
Authors: Eric Gerstel, Ruth A. Engelberg, Thomas Koepsell, J. Randall Curtis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Most deaths in the intensive care unit (ICU) involve withholding or withdrawing multiple life-sustaining therapies, but little is known about how to proceed practically and how this process affects family satisfaction.To examine the duration of life-support withdrawal and its association with overall family satisfaction with care in the ICU.We studied family members of 584 patients who died in an ICU at 1 of 14 hospitals after withdrawal of life support and for whom complete medical chart and family questionnaires were available.Data concerning six life-sustaining interventions administered during the last 5 days of life were collected. Families were asked to rate their satisfaction with care using the Family Satisfaction in the ICU questionnaire. For nearly half of the patients (271/584), withdrawal of all life-sustaining interventions took more than 1 day. Patients with a prolonged (>1 d) life-support withdrawal were younger, stayed longer in the ICU, had more life-sustaining interventions, had less often a diagnosis of cancer, and had more decision makers involved. Among patients with longer ICU stays, a longer duration in life-support withdrawal was associated with an increase in family satisfaction with care (P = 0.037). Extubation before death was associated with higher family satisfaction with care (P = 0.009).Withdrawal of life support is a complex process that depends on patient and family characteristics. Stuttering withdrawal is a frequent phenomenon that seems to be associated with family satisfaction. Extubation before death should be encouraged if possible.
Lipopolysaccharide-enhanced, Toll-like Receptor 4–dependent T Helper Cell Type 2 Responses to Inhaled Antigen
Authors: Stephanie C. Eisenbarth, Damani A. Piggott, James W. Huleatt, Irene Visintin, Christina A. Herrick, Kim Bottomly
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Allergic asthma is an inflammatory lung disease initiated and directed by T helper cells type 2 (Th2). The mechanism involved in generation of Th2 responses to inert inhaled antigens, however, is unknown. Epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other microbial products can influence the development and severity of asthma. However, the mechanism by which LPS influences asthma pathogenesis remains undefined. Although it is known that signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLR) is required for adaptive T helper cell type 1 (Th1) responses, it is unclear if TLRs are needed for Th2 priming. Here, we report that low level inhaled LPS signaling through TLR4 is necessary to induce Th2 responses to inhaled antigens in a mouse model of allergic sensitization. The mechanism by which LPS signaling results in Th2 sensitization involves the activation of antigen-containing dendritic cells. In contrast to low levels, inhalation of high levels of LPS with antigen results in Th1 responses. These studies suggest that the level of LPS exposure can determine the type of inflammatory response generated and provide a potential mechanistic explanation of epidemiological data on endotoxin exposure and asthma prevalence.
Long term outcome of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome survivors
Authors: D Erkan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is defined as life threatening multiple organ thromboses developing simultaneously or over a short period. The survival rate of catastrophic APS is about 50%, but the long term outcome of patients who survive is unknown. <b>Objective:</b> To determine the long term outcome of patients with catastrophic APS and provide further information on patients who survived. <b>Patients and methods:</b> The clinical characteristics and outcomes of 130 patients with catastrophic APS have been reported previously. Six new cases were recently added to this series. Based on these publications, the authors who reported patients who had survived were contacted. Each author was asked (<i>a</i>) what treatment they gave their patients after the catastrophic APS; (<i>b</i>) if their patients had any further thrombosis. <b>Results:</b> 63/136 (46%) patients died at the initial event. Of the remaining 73 patients, information was available for 58 (79%). Thirty eight (66%) patients did not develop further APS related events during an average follow up of 67.2 months. Eleven (19%) patients developed further APS related events but were still alive. No patients developed further catastrophic APS. Nine (16%) patients died: due to multiple organ failure (three patients); myelofibrosis (one); pneumonia (one); and APS related events (four). <b>Conclusion:</b> Sixty six per cent of patients who survive an initial catastrophic APS event remained symptom free with anticoagulation during an average follow up of 67.2 months. Twenty six per cent of the survivors developed further APS related events and the mortality rate of these patients was about 25%.
Immunodeficiency virus uptake, turnover, and 2-phase transfer in human dendritic cells
Authors: Stuart G. Turville, John J. Santos, Ines Frank, Paul U. Cameron, John Wilkinson, Monica Miranda-Saksena, Joanne Dable, Hella Stössel, Nikolaus Romani, Michael Piatak, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Melissa Pope, Anthony L. Cunningham
Journal: Blood (2003)
Prevalence of infection with high-risk human papillomavirus in women in Colombia
Authors: S.C. Soto-De Leon, M. Camargo, R. Sanchez, S. Leon, M. Urquiza, J. Acosta, D. Monsalve, L.E. Rodriguez, M.E. Patarroyo, M.A. Patarroyo
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)