tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treating Bowen's disease: a cost-minimization study
Authors: V.S. Ramrakha-Jones, R.M. Herd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

In the current economic climate, it is important to justify the cost of treatments used in dermatology, particularly where cheaper alternatives exist.To determine which treatment modality commonly used for Bowen's disease is associated with the lowest cost to the National Health Service.A cost-minimization analysis was used to compare the following six treatments for Bowen's disease: cryotherapy, curettage and cautery, excision, laser ablation, photodynamic therapy and 5-fluorouracil. These are all known to have similar recurrence rates. Information regarding use of these treatment modalities was extracted from a literature review. Costs were determined from published data, average wholesale prices of medications, staff salary pay scales and health economics departments.The results show that, if treatment is indeed undertaken, a single lesion of Bowen's disease is most cheaply treated by curettage or excision biopsy under local anaesthetic, and most expensively treated by photodynamic therapy. The usefulness of this information has to be taken in the context of the study design, outcome measurements and base assumptions.Valid costing studies such as this, in conjunction with evidence of effectiveness and safety, can provide guidance for resource allocation and treatment decisions.
Religiosity and Remission of Depression in Medically Ill Older Patients
Authors: Harold G. Koenig, Linda K. George, Bercedis L. Peterson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The effects of religious belief and activity on remission of depression were examined in medically ill hospitalized older patients. METHOD: Consecutive patients aged 60 years or over who had been admitted to medical inpatient services at a university medical center were screened for depressive symptoms. Of 111 patients scoring 16 or higher on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 94 were diagnosed with depressive disorder (DSM-III major depression or subsyndromal depression) by a psychiatrist using a structured psychiatric interview. After hospital discharge, depressed patients were followed up by telephone at 12-week intervals four times. At each follow-up contact, criterion symptoms were reassessed, and changes in each symptom over the interval since last contact were determined. The median follow-up time for 87 depressed patients was 47 weeks. Religious variables were examined as predictors of time to remission by means of a multivariate Cox model, with controls for demographic, physical health, psychosocial, and treatment factors. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 47 patients (54.0%) had remissions; the median time to remission was 30 weeks. Intrinsic religiosity was significantly and independently related to time to remission, but church attendance and private religious activities were not. Depressed patients with higher intrinsic religiosity scores had more rapid remissions than patients with lower scores. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, greater intrinsic religiosity independently predicted shorter time to remission. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in which religiosity has been examined as a predictor of outcome of depressive disorder.
Copper-induced regression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is associated with enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signalling pathway
Authors: Y. Zhou, K. Bourcy, Y. J. Kang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been well documented to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation; however, we have observed that copper (Cu)-induced regression of heart hypertrophy was VEGF-dependent. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that Cu causes alterations in the distribution of VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes so that it switches the signalling pathway from stimulation of cell growth to reversal of cell hypertrophy.
Improved incidence of pT0 downstaged surgical specimens in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treated with induction oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil and preoperative chemoradiation
Authors: F.A. Calvo, F.J. Serrano, J.A. Diaz-González, M. Gomez-Espi, E. Lozano, R. Garcia, D. de la Mata, J.A. Arranz, P. García-Alfonso, G. Pérez-Manga, E. Álvarez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Infection and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: L Joseph Wheat
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Most physicians believe that diabetic individuals are predisposed to infections and that infection complicates the control of the diabetes. However, only bacteriuria can be documented to occur with increased frequency in diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients. Although most bacteriuric diabetic patients are asymptomatic, severe infections such as emphysematous pyelonephritis, papillary necrosis, perinephric abscess, and candida pyelonephritis may occur. Tuberculosis, once a proven threat to diabetic individuals, is a less serious problem now that effective screening and chemoprophylaxis programs have been initiated. Several unusual infections such as malignant external otitis, rhinocerebral mucormycosis, emphysematous pyelonephritis, and emphysematous cholecystitis occur also exclusively in diabetics. Foot infections are very important in diabetic patients; successful treatment requires accurate assessment of the extent and etiology of the infections and often involves surgery as well as broad antibiotic coverage. The important problem of infection in diabetic patients deserves careful evaluation. Questions such as do diabetic individuals have a higher incidence of infection, why are diabetic patients predisposed to infection, why is necrosis common in several of the infections, what is the course of asymptomatic bacteriuria, who do diabetic patients develop foot infections, and how should foot infections be prevented and treated should be topics of clinical investigation.
Efficacy of biological agents in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review using indirect comparisons
Authors: Marieke H Otten, Janneke Anink, Sandra Spronk, Lisette W A van Suijlekom-Smit
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Over the past decade, the availability of biological agents for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has increased substantially. Because direct head-to-head trials comparing these agents are lacking, we indirectly compared their efficacy. <h3>Methods</h3> In a systematic review, all available efficacy data from randomised controlled trials performed in JIA with inclusion of biological agents were retrieved. Indirect between-drug comparisons (based on Bucher9s method) were conducted only if trials were comparable with regard to design and patients' characteristics related to treatment outcome. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 11 randomised controlled trials. On the basis of the equality of the trials, six trials were grouped into two networks of evidence. Network 1 included withdrawal trials which evaluated etanercept, adalimumab and abatacept in polyarticular course JIA. Indirect comparisons identified no significant differences in short-term efficacy. Network 2 indirectly compared trials with a parallel study design investigating anakinra, tocilizumab and canakinumab in systemic JIA; no differences in comparative efficacy were identified. Although the two networks were constructed on the basis of comparability, small differences in trial design and case mix still existed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Because of the small number of trials and the observed differences between trials, no definite conclusions could be drawn about the comparative effectiveness of the indirectly compared biological agents. Therefore, for now, the paediatric rheumatologist has to rely on observational data and safety, practical and financial arguments. Comparability of future trials needs to be improved, and head-to-head trials are required to decide on the best biological treatment for JIA.
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus toxins and nasal carriage in furuncles and impetigo
Authors: F. Durupt, L. Mayor, M. Bes, M.-E. Reverdy, F. Vandenesch, L. Thomas, J. Etienne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

The precise role of Staphylococcus aureus toxins and nasal carriage in common skin infections remains unclear.To seek correlations between toxin expression, S. aureus nasal carriage and clinical manifestations in patients with community-acquired furuncles and impetigo.From November 2004 to August 2005, we studied clinical data and bacteriological samples prospectively collected from 121 patients presenting with furuncles or impetigo.Sixty-four patients (31 with furuncles and 33 with impetigo) had S. aureus-positive skin culture. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were present in 13 of 31 (42%) isolates from furuncles and were associated with epidemic furunculosis. Exfoliative toxin genes were present in 10 of 10 (100%) and 12 of 21 (57%) bullous and nonbullous impetigo isolates, respectively. Nasal carriage of S. aureus was found in 58% of patients overall. It was strongly associated with chronic furunculosis but not with simple furuncles (88% vs. 29%, P < 0.007). Skin and nose isolates from a given patient always had identical characteristics. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus accounted for four of 64 (6%) positive skin cultures.PVL is not involved in all types of furuncles but is associated with epidemic furunculosis. Both bullous and nonbullous forms of impetigo are associated with exfoliative toxins. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is associated with the chronicity of furuncles.
Remarks ON FURTHER EXPERIMENTS CONCERNING THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
Authors: H. C. Bastian
Journal: BMJ (1912)

ir fusions dealt with 'by Pasteur and Tyndall, whose Othier critics are content to assume that the organisms My own experiments have been of the same order, only found.are not living.They believe them to be dead ml-uch more stringent, seeing that instead of infusions of organisms, some of those pre-existing in the experimental Drganic matter I have of late been dealing witll saline I fluids, but killed by the heat to which they and the tubes solutions only, always Contained in hermletically sealed have been subjected.vessels, and, moreover, ofteni heated to temperatu'res very This objection requires to be looked at in more detail, mluch higher thani tllose employed by my predecessors.because it is admitted that some few organisms may be M1y saline solutions lhave also contained some bacteria, found in the experimental fluids, derived from two of the toruloid corpuscles, and germs of mould, though probably constituents of such solutions-namely, the sodium silicate very much fewer than those existing in the organic and the ammonium phosphate-the dilute phosplhoric Paper read before the Pathology Section of the Royal Society of l Solutions of 3 per cent.glucose and of 5 per cent.cane sugar, as wellMfedicine on -November 19th, 1912.as the aniilnonic tartrate solution referred to in TVe Or'ijin of Life, p. 3S.
Parrot Evolution and Paleogeographical Events: Mitochondrial DNA Evidence
Authors: C. Y. Miyaki, S. R. Matioli, T. Burke, A. Wajntal
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

We sequenced 1,771 bp of three mitochondrial genes (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and cytochrome b) of nine New World parrot genera (Amazona aestiva, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, Ara ararauna, Aratinga aurea, Cyanopsitta spixii, Deroptyus accipitrinus, Guaruba guarouba, Pionus menstruus, and Pyrrhura picta) and compared them with the corresponding sequence of Australian parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus).Phylogenetic analyses (maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood) showed that the Neotropical species we studied constitute two monophyletic groups: the long-tailed and the short-tailed species.The separation within the long-tailed species could be assigned to the late Oligocene-early Miocene, when paleoenvironmental changes might have influenced this radiation.The long-tailed Neotropical and Australasian species diverged during the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, when South America and Australia were moving away from Antarctica (Gondwanaland fission).We also compared our data with the cytochrome b sequences of seven different genera of Australasian parrots obtained by other investigators, and these comparisons also support the independent evolution of the Neotropical and Australasian species.Analyses performed with 567 bp of partial sequences of 12S rDNA and cytochrome b did not support or refute the hypothesis of monophyly of the Neotropical parrots with respect to an African species whose sequences were available.However, this analysis supported the view that the divergence between Neotropical short-and long-tailed taxa was older than the Oligocene-Miocene divergence among the long-tailed genera.
Immune Reconstitution Reactions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Negative Patients
Authors: Tiffany C. Scharschmidt, Erin H. Amerson, Oren S. Rosenberg, Richard A. Jacobs, Timothy H. McCalmont, Kanade Shinkai
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

<h3>Background</h3>Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a phenomenon initially described in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Upon initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy, recovery of cellular immunity triggers inflammation to a preexisting infection or antigen that causes paradoxical worsening of clinical disease. A similar phenomenon can occur in human immunodeficiency virus–negative patients, including pregnant women, neutropenic hosts, solid-organ or stem cell transplant recipients, and patients receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.<h3>Observations</h3>We report a case of leprosy unmasking and downgrading reaction after stem cell transplantation that highlights some of the challenges inherent to the diagnosis of IRIS, especially in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection, as well as review the spectrum of previously reported cases of IRIS reactions in this population.<h3>Conclusions</h3>The mechanism of immune reconstitution reactions is complex and variable, depending on the underlying antigen and the mechanism of immunosuppression or shift in immune status. Use of the term IRIS can aid our recognition of an important phenomenon that occurs in the setting of immunosuppression or shifts in immunity but should not deter us from thinking critically about the distinct processes that underlie this heterogeneous group of conditions.
Sex-Determining Region Y Box 4 Is a Transforming Oncogene in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Pengbo Liu, Sumathi Ramachandran, Mohamed Ali Seyed, Christopher D. Scharer, Noelani Laycock, W. Brian Dalton, Holly Williams, Suresh Karanam, Milton W. Datta, David L. Jaye, Carlos S. Moreno
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous neoplasm and second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in western men. To investigate the mechanisms of prostate cancer development and progression, we did expression profiling of human prostate cancer and benign tissues. We show that the SOX4 is overexpressed in prostate tumor samples compared with benign tissues by microarray analysis, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. We also show that SOX4 expression is highly correlated with Gleason score at the mRNA and protein level using tissue microarrays. Genes affected by SOX4 expression were also identified, including BCL10, CSF1, and NcoA4/ARA70. TLE-1 and BBC3/PUMA were identified as direct targets of SOX4. Silencing of SOX4 by small interfering RNA transfection induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells, suggesting that SOX4 could be a therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Stable transfection of SOX4 into nontransformed prostate cells enabled colony formation in soft agar, suggesting that, in the proper cellular context, SOX4 can be a transforming oncogene. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4011-9)
Cytotoxic activity of the maytansinoid immunoconjugate B-B4–DM1 against CD138+ multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Pierfrancesco Tassone, Victor S. Goldmacher, Paola Neri, Antonella Gozzini, Masood A. Shammas, Kathleen R. Whiteman, Linda L. Hylander-Gans, Daniel R. Carrasco, Teru Hideshima, Reshma Shringarpure, Jialan Shi, Charles K. Allam, John Wijdenes, Salvatore Venuta, Nikhil C. Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2004)
Dissecting the Heterogeneity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Otto Metzger-Filho, Andrew Tutt, Evandro de Azambuja, Kamal S. Saini, Giuseppe Viale, Sherene Loi, Ian Bradbury, Judith M. Bliss, Hatem A. Azim, Paul Ellis, Angelo Di Leo, José Baselga, Christos Sotiriou, Martine Piccart-Gebhart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15% to 20% of breast cancers. It is a heterogeneous disease, not only on the molecular level, but also on the pathologic and clinical levels. TNBC is associated with a significantly higher probability of relapse and poorer overall survival in the first few years after diagnosis when compared with other breast cancer subtypes. This is observed despite its usual high sensitivity to chemotherapy. In the advanced setting, responses observed with chemotherapy lack durability. Early-stage clinical studies suggested impressive potential when a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor is given for the treatment of advanced TNBC with BRCA gene dysfunction. The molecular complexity of TNBC has led to proposed subclassifications, which will be of great value for the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss the biology of TNBC at the pathologic and the molecular levels. We also elaborate on the role of systemic therapies and the results of the first phase III clinical trial evaluating the addition of iniparib, a novel investigational anticancer agent that does not possess characteristics typical of the PARP inhibitor class, in combination with chemotherapy in advanced TNBC.
A role for GPx3 in activity of normal and leukemia stem cells
Authors: Olivier Herault, Kristin J. Hope, Eric Deneault, Nadine Mayotte, Jalila Chagraoui, Brian T. Wilhelm, Sonia Cellot, Martin Sauvageau, Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro, Josée Hébert, Guy Sauvageau
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

The determinants of normal and leukemic stem cell self-renewal remain poorly characterized. We report that expression of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) positively correlates with the frequency of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in Hoxa9+Meis1-induced leukemias. Compared with a leukemia with a low frequency of LSCs, a leukemia with a high frequency of LSCs showed hypomethylation of the Gpx3 promoter region, and expressed high levels of Gpx3 and low levels of ROS. LSCs and normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) engineered to express Gpx3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were much less competitive in vivo than control cells. However, progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation was not affected by Gpx3 shRNA. Consistent with this, HSCs overexpressing Gpx3 were significantly more competitive than control cells in long-term repopulation experiments, and overexpression of the self-renewal genes Prdm16 or Hoxb4 boosted Gpx3 expression. In human primary acute myeloid leukemia samples, GPX3 expression level directly correlated with adverse prognostic outcome, revealing a potential novel target for the eradication of LSCs.
Factors associated with patient satisfaction with care among dermatological outpatients
Authors: C. Renzi, D. Abeni, A. Picardi, E. Agostini, C.F. Melchi, P. Pasquini, P. Puddu, M. Braga
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background It has been shown that poor patient satisfaction can lead to poor adherence to treatment with consequently poor health outcomes. In order to improve the quality of care perceived by the patient and thus the health outcome, it is important to understand which are the main factors influencing patient satisfaction. Objectives To examine factors associated with patient satisfaction with care among dermatological out‐patients. Methods This longitudinal study is based on a sample of dermatology out‐patients. The independent effects on patient's satisfaction of patient characteristics (sociodemographic characteristics, disease severity, quality of life) and of specific aspects of provided health care (the time the physician spent with patients, physician's interpersonal skills, etc.) were examined by multiple logistic regression. Results A total of 1389 out‐patients were selected at random and invited to participate. Of the 722 patients who agreed to participate, 424 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 396 of these patients (93·4%) completed the study. Overall satisfaction was reported by 60·0% of patients. The likelihood of overall satisfaction was found to be significantly and independently increased by the physician's ability to give explanations and to show empathy for the patient's condition, and by the older age of patients. The likelihood of satisfaction also increased with increasing disease severity, but decreased with symptom‐related poor quality of life. The lowest level of satisfaction was found among patients whose symptom‐related quality of life was worse than the clinical severity rated by the dermatologist. Conclusions Improving the physician's interpersonal skills can increase patient satisfaction, which is likely to have a positive effect on treatment adherence and health outcomes. Dermatologists succeeded better in establishing a good relationship with clinically more severely affected patients than with patients who were clinically mildly affected despite their quality of life being impaired. Thus, the inclusion of a patient‐rated quality of life can be a useful measure in dermatology, as it enables clinicians to perceive the patients' perception of their health status.
INTRATRACHEAL INHALATION AND INSUFFLATION OF CHLOROFORM BY MEANS OF A FLEXIBLE METAL CATHETER
Authors: W. D. Mart
Journal: BMJ (1928)

X BRAS in her condition.On January 29th she had mild cholecystitis, which soon yielded to hexamine.There was a little pus on the right tonsil and slight rheumatism in the left shoulder, but nothing like it U'sed to be..The chronic ill health and rheumatism of this patient was certainly very greatly improved paei passe with improvement in the tonsils.CASE IV.Miss P., aged 23.This patient had chronic appendicitis.Pus was cleared from her tonsils in seven treatments during two months without influencing the kinked appendix, which was excised as soon as it was convicted.After an untreated interval of three and a half months the tonsils were still clear of pus.CASE V.Miss H., aged 25, was a keen athlete, but now too tired, even in