tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The roles played by external input and synaptic modulations in the dynamics of neuronal systems
Authors: Arunava Banerjee
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The framework within which Tsuda proposes his solution for transitory dynamics between attractor states is flawed from a neurological perspective. We present a more genuine framework and discuss the roles that external input and synaptic modulations play in the evolution of the dynamics of neuronal systems. Chaotic itinerancy, it is argued, is not necessary for transitory dynamics.
Supplemental Security Income and Social Security Disability Insurance Coverage Among Long-term Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: A. C. Kirchhoff, H. M. Parsons, K. A. Kuhlthau, W. Leisenring, K. Donelan, E. L. Warner, G. T. Armstrong, L. L. Robison, K. C. Oeffinger, E. R. Park
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Supplemental security income (SSI) and social security disability insurance (DI) are federal programs that provide disability benefits. We report on SSI/DI enrollment in a random sample of adult, long-term survivors of childhood cancer (n = 698) vs a comparison group without cancer (n = 210) from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study who completed a health insurance survey. A total of 13.5% and 10.0% of survivors had ever been enrolled on SSI or DI, respectively, compared with 2.6% and 5.4% of the comparison group. Cranial radiation doses of 25 Gy or more were associated with a higher risk of current SSI (relative risk [RR] = 3.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.05 to 7.56) and DI (RR = 3.65, 95% CI = 1.65 to 8.06) enrollment. Survivors with severe/life-threatening conditions were more often enrolled on SSI (RR = 3.77, 95% CI = 2.04 to 6.96) and DI (RR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.45 to 5.14) compared with those with mild/moderate or no health conditions. Further research is needed on disability-related financial challenges after childhood cancer.
Use of Intensive Insulin Therapy for the Management of Glycemic Control in Hospitalized Patients: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians
Authors: Amir Qaseem
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Description: The American College of Physicians (ACP) developed this guideline to present the evidence for the link between the use of intensive insulin therapy to achieve different glycemic targets and health outcomes in hospitalized patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Methods: Published literature on this topic was identified by using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Additional articles were obtained from systematic reviews and the reference lists of pertinent studies, reviews, and editorials, as well as by consulting experts; unpublished studies on ClinicalTrials.gov were also identified. The literature search included studies published from 1950 through March 2009. Searches were limited to English-language publications. The primary outcomes of interest were short-term mortality and hypoglycemia. This guideline grades the evidence and recommendations by using the ACP clinical practice guidelines grading system. Recommendation 1: ACP recommends not using intensive insulin therapy to strictly control blood glucose in non–surgical intensive care unit (SICU)/medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients with or without diabetes mellitus (Grade: strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence). Recommendation 2: ACP recommends not using intensive insulin therapy to normalize blood glucose in SICU/MICU patients with or without diabetes mellitus (Grade: strong recommendation, high-quality evidence). Recommendation 3: ACP recommends a target blood glucose level of 7.8 to 11.1 mmol/L (140 to 200 mg/dL) if insulin therapy is used in SICU/MICU patients (Grade: weak recommendation, moderate-quality evidence).
p53 connects tumorigenesis and reprogramming to pluripotency
Authors: Natalia Tapia, Hans R. Schöler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

The tumor suppressor gene p53 prevents the initiation of tumor formation by inducing cell cycle arrest, senescence, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Recently, the absence or mutation of p53 was described to facilitate nuclear reprogramming. These findings suggest an influence of p53 on the de-differentiation process, and highlight the similarities between induction of pluripotency and tumor formation.
Cellular Mechanism for Ischemic Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: L H Opie, W T Clusin
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1990)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Diabetes due to secretion of a structurally abnormal insulin (insulin Wakayama). Clinical and functional characteristics of [LeuA3] insulin.
Authors: K Nanjo, T Sanke, M Miyano, K Okai, R Sowa, M Kondo, S Nishimura, K Iwo, K Miyamura, B D Given
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We have identified a non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient with fasting hyperinsulinemia (90 microU/ml), an elevated insulin:C-peptide molar ratio (1.68; normal, 0.05-0.20), normal insulin counterregulatory hormone levels, and an adequate response to exogenously administered insulin. Insulin-binding antibodies were absent from serum, erythrocyte insulin receptor binding was normal, and greater than 90% of circulating immunoreactive insulin coeluted with 125I-labeled insulin on gel filtration. The patient's insulin diluted in parallel with a human standard in the insulin radioimmunoassay, confirming close molecular similarity. The patient's insulin was purified from serum and shown to possess both reduced binding and ability to stimulate glucose uptake and oxidation in vitro. Analysis of the patient's insulin by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed two products: 7.3% of insulin immunoreactivity coeluted with the human standard, while the remaining 92.7% eluted as a single peak with increased hydrophobicity. Family studies confirmed the presence of hyperinsulinemia in four of five relatives in three generations, with secretion of an abnormal insulin documented by HPLC in the three tested. Leukocyte DNA was harvested from the propositus and the insulin gene cloned. One allele was normal, but the other displayed a thymine for guanine substitution at nucleotide position 1298 from the putative cap site, resulting in a leucine for valine substitution at position 3 of the insulin A chain. Insulin Wakayama is therefore identified as [LeuA3] insulin.
Occupational rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma due to <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> pollen allergy
Authors: C. Blanco, T. Carrillo, J. Quiralte, C. Pascual, M. Martin Esteban, R. Castillo
Journal: Allergy (1995)

We report a case of occupational bronchial asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis caused by Phoenix canariensis (PC) pollen. The canary palm is a type of palm tree, belonging to the Arecaceae family, which is widely distributed in frost‐free regions as an ornamental tree. Our patient was referred because he suffered symptoms of bronchial asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and contact urticaria when pruning dried leaves from PC during the pollination months. The skin prick test (SPT) with a PC pollen extract was positive, as was the specific IgE to PC pollen determined by Phadezym RAST, indicating an IgE‐mediated sensitization. The nonspecific bronchial provocation test (BPT) performed with methacholine disclosed a mild bronchial hyperreactivity, and specific BPT with PC pollen elicited an immediate fall of 25% in FEV 1 with respect to baseline. On RAST inhibition studies, a significant cross‐reactivity was found between PC pollen and date palm ( P. dactylifera ) pollen. These results suggest that PC pollen could be a potential allergen in PC‐growing areas.
Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: natural history, clinical outcome, and risks of surgical and endovascular treatment
Authors: David O Wiebers, J P Whisnant, J Huston, I Meissner, R D Brown, D G Piepgras, G S Forbes, K Thielen, D Nichols, W M O'Fallon, J Peacock, L Jaeger, N F Kassell, G L Kongable-Beckman, J C Torner
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
Effect of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on endurance capacity during prolonged intermittent high intensity running.
Authors: G P Nassis, C Williams, P Chisnall
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

To examine the effect of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on endurance capacity during prolonged intermittent running.Nine subjects (eight men and one woman) ran to exhaustion on a motorised treadmill on two occasions separated by at least 10 days. After an overnight fast, they performed repeated 15 second bouts of fast running (at 80% Vo2MAX for the first 60 minutes, at 85% Vo2MAX from 60 to 100 minutes of exercise, and finally at 90% Vo2MAX from 100 minutes of exercise until exhaustion), separated by 10 seconds of slow running (at 45% Vo2MAX). On each occasion they drank either a water placebo (P) or a 6.9% carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO) solution immediately before the run (3 ml/kg body mass) and every 20 minutes thereafter (2 ml/kg body mass).Performance times were not different between the two trials (112.5 (23.3) and 110.2 (21.4) min for the P and CHO trials respectively; mean (SD)). Blood glucose concentration was higher in the CHO trial only at 40 minutes of exercise (4.5 (0.6) v 3.9 (0.3) mmol/1 for the CHO and P trials respectively; p < 0.05), but there was no difference in the total carbohydrate oxidation rates between trials.These results suggest that drinking a 6.9% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution during repeated bouts of submaximal intermittent high intensity running does not delay the onset of fatigue.
Therapeutic insights from the British Association of Dermatologists Biologic Interventions Register
Authors: P. Gisondi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Therapeutic insights from the British Association of Dermatologists Biologic Interventions Register Get access P. Gisondi P. Gisondi Section of Dermatology Department of Medicine University of Verona Piazzale A. Stefani 1 I‐37126 Verona Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 2, 1 August 2015, Pages 329–330, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13995 Published: 01 August 2015
Prophylactic use of antibiotics and immunisations in patients with SLE
Authors: W R Gilliland
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory infection caused by the MERS-CoV. MERS was first reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Every year, the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca attracts more than two million pilgrims from 184 countries, making it one of the largest annual religious mass gatherings (MGs) worldwide. MGs in confined areas with a high number of pilgrims' movements worldwide continues to elicit significant global public health concerns. MERCURIAL was designed by adopting a seroconversion surveillance approach to provide multiyear evidence of MG-associated MERS-CoV seroconversion among the Malaysian Hajj pilgrims. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> MERCURIAL is an ongoing multiyear prospective cohort study. Every year, for the next 5 years, a cohort of 1000 Hajj pilgrims was enrolled beginning in the 2016 Hajj pilgrimage season. Pre-Hajj and post-Hajj serum samples were obtained and serologically analysed for evidence of MERS-CoV seroconversion. Sociodemographic data, underlying medical conditions, symptoms experienced during Hajj pilgrimage, and exposure to camel and untreated camel products were recorded using structured pre-Hajj and post-Hajj questionnaires. The possible risk factors associated with the seroconversion data were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The primary outcome of this study is to better enhance our understanding of the potential threat of MERS-CoV spreading through MG beyond the Middle East. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> This study has obtained ethical approval from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health Malaysia. Results from the study will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented in conferences and scientific meetings. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NMRR-15-1640-25391.
Clonal expansion in B-CLL: Fungal drivers or self-service?
Authors: Mel Greaves
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

Relatively few cancers arise in mature, differentiated cells. The propensity of mature B cells to transform has been linked to their longevity and proliferative potential, and stimulation of the B cell receptor (BCR) by cognate antigen may promote the transformation process. A study in this issue (Hoogeboom et al.) lends support to this notion, showing that cancer cells from a subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) express a BCR specific for a sugar expressed by commensal yeast species. Another study, in contrast, suggests that B-CLL cells uniquely acquire the ability to signal in the complete absence of ligand.
Confocal endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of gastric cancer in vivo
Authors: S. Kitabatake, Y. Niwa, R. Miyahara, A. Ohashi, T. Matsuura, Y. Iguchi, Y. Shimoyama, T. Nagasaka, O. Maeda, T. Ando, N. Ohmiya, A. Itoh, Y. Hirooka, H. Goto
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aims: Advances in endoscopy have led to imaging of the details of the gastric mucosa, but the histological diagnosis usually has to be confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. A method of confocal endomicroscopy that has recently been developed allows the observation of living cells in vivo. Several investigators have reported that the technique is of value, but there have as yet been no studies describing its application in gastric cancer. Patients and methods: Twenty-seven patients with early gastric cancer underwent confocal endomicroscopy (Pentax EG-3870CIK; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan). After intravenous administration of fluorescein sodium, confocal images obtained from the normal mucosa and from cancerous lesions were interpreted by two pathologists independently and compared with the histological findings, including CD34 immunostaining of biopsy specimens or resected specimens from the same sites. Results: Fluorescein yielded high-quality confocal images of the gastric mucosa; if cancer could be targeted (59 %) images were mostly graded good. The images corresponded to the hematoxylin-eosin staining of transverse sections of specimens from the same sites. In the results for the interpretation by the two pathologists, the accuracy for the diagnosis of gastric cancer was 94.2 % (pathologist A), and 96.2 % (pathologist B), respectively. The accuracy decreased substantially when poor images and inaccessible lesions were included. Conclusions: Confocal endomicroscopy is useful in the diagnosis of gastric cancer but good quality images cannot always be obtained. In the future, it may allow virtual biopsy and help reduce unnecessary biopsies.
DNA microsatellite instability and mismatch repair protein loss in adenomas presenting in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
Authors: H Iino
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND AIM</h3> Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), as its name implies, is associated with few adenomas, and the early evolution of colorectal neoplasia is poorly understood. In this study our aim was to clarify the genetic profiles of benign polyps in subjects with HNPCC using a combined molecular and immunohistochemical approach. <h3>METHODS</h3> Thirty adenomas and 17 hyperplastic polyps were obtained from 24 affected HNPCC subjects. DNA was extracted from paraffin embedded tissue by microdissection and analysed for the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI) and mutations in five genes known to be targets in mismatch repair deficiency (TGFβRII, IGF2R, BAX, hMSH3, and hMSH6). Serial sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for hMLH1 and hMSH2. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Twenty four (80%) of 30 adenomas showed MSI. Of MSI positive adenomas, 66.7% showed MSI at more than 40% of markers (high level of MSI (MSI-H)). Two of 17 hyperplastic polyps revealed MSI at one marker (low level of MSI (MSI-L)). A significant association was found between MSI-H and high grade dysplasia in adenomas (p=0.004). Eight of nine adenomas with mutations of coding sequences revealed high grade dysplasia and all nine were MSI-H. Four of the nine ranged in size from 2 to 5 mm. The presence of the hMSH6 mutation was significantly correlated with high levels of MSI (80% of markers) (p&lt;0.02). Twenty four adenomas gave evaluable results with immunohistochemistry. One of six (17%) microsatellite stable, six of seven (86%) MSI-L, and 11 of 11 (100%) MSI-H adenomas showed loss of either hMLH1 or hMSH2. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Most adenomas in subjects with a definite diagnosis of HNPCC show MSI (80%). The finding of MSI-L is usually associated with loss of expression of hMLH1 or hMSH2, unlike the situation in MSI-L sporadic colorectal cancer. The transition from MSI-L to MSI-H correlated with the finding of high grade dysplasia and mutation of coding sequences and may be driven by mutation of secondary mutators such as hMSH3 and hMSH6. Advanced genetic changes may be present in adenomas of minute size.
Fatal meningitis complicating cryosurgery for haemorrhoids.
Authors: J Anderson, A Steger
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Fatal meningitis complicating cryosurgery for haemorrhoidsCryosurgery is a common, effective, and safe treatment for haemorrhoids.1-4 We describe what we believe to be the first reported case of meningitis complicating cryosurgery for haemorrhoids.
Melanocytic Nevi, Solar Keratoses, and Divergent Pathways to Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: David C Whiteman, Peter Watt, David M Purdie, Maria Celia Hughes, Nicholas K Hayward, Adèle C Green
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Some melanomas form on sun-exposed body sites, whereas others do not. We previously proposed that melanomas at different body sites arise through different pathways that have different associations with melanocytic nevi and solar keratoses. We tested this hypothesis in a case-case comparative study of melanoma patients in Queensland, Australia.We randomly selected patients from among three prespecified groups reported to the population-based Queensland Cancer Registry: those with superficial spreading or nodular melanomas of the trunk (n = 154, the reference group), those with such melanomas of the head and neck (n = 77, the main comparison group), and those with lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) (n = 75, the chronic sun-exposed group). Each participant completed a questionnaire, and a research nurse counted melanocytic nevi and solar keratoses. We calculated exposure odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to quantify the association between factors of interest and each melanoma group.Patients with head and neck melanomas, compared with patients with melanomas of the trunk, were statistically significantly less likely to have more than 60 nevi (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.79) but were statistically significantly more likely to have more than 20 solar keratoses (OR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.42 to 9.17) and also tended to have a past history of excised solar skin lesions (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 0.89 to 3.92). Patients with LMM were also less likely than patients with truncal melanomas to have more than 60 nevi (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.75) and tended toward more solar keratoses (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 0.88 to 5.16).Prevalences of nevi and solar keratoses differ markedly between patients with head and neck melanomas or LMM and patients with melanomas of the trunk. Cutaneous melanomas may arise through two pathways, one associated with melanocyte proliferation and the other with chronic exposure to sunlight.
Association of Skeletal Muscle Wasting With Treatment With Sorafenib in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From a Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Sami Antoun, Laura Birdsell, Michael B. Sawyer, Peter Venner, Bernard Escudier, Vickie E. Baracos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

PURPOSE Effects of specific antineoplastic therapies on progression of cancer-associated wasting remain uncharacterized. We selected a targeted therapy, sorafenib, because of its reported association with weight loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) who were resistant to standard therapy (N = 80) received sorafenib 400 mg twice daily or placebo in a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. Computed tomography image analysis, which has high precision and specificity for evaluation of specific muscles and adipose tissues, was used to define change in total skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Results At inclusion, 51% of patients were overweight or obese (ie, body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg/m(2)). Only 5% were underweight. Advanced muscle wasting (ie, sarcopenia) was present in 72% of patients with BMI less than 25 and in 34% of those with a BMI greater than 25. Patients received placebo for an average of 6 months and received sorafenib for 1 year. Patients in the placebo group had stable body weight during 6 months (0.8 kg +/- 0.7 kg), with no significant alteration of muscle or fat. Patients who received sorafenib lost 2.1 kg +/- 0.6 kg (P < .01) in 6 months and lost 4.2 kg +/- 0.7 kg (P < .01) by 1 year. Sorafenib-treated patients lost skeletal muscle progressively at 6 months (decrease of 4.9%; P < .01) and 12 months (decrease of 8.0%; P < .01). CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with metastatic RCC and is an occult condition in patients with normal or high BMI. Muscle loss is specifically exacerbated by sorafenib, consistent with the evidence for a role of kinases in regulating muscle mass. Muscle loss is a sorafenib adverse effect that may relate to asthenia, fatigue, and physical disability.