tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ming Ding, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju, Ambika Satija, Rob M. van Dam, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Considerable controversy exists on the association between coffee consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the dose-response relationship of long-term coffee consumption with CVD risk.PubMed and EMBASE were searched for prospective cohort studies of the relationship between coffee consumption and CVD risk, which included coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and CVD mortality. Thirty-six studies were included with 1 279 804 participants and 36 352 CVD cases. A nonlinear relationship of coffee consumption with CVD risk was identified (P for heterogeneity=0.09, P for trend <0.001, P for nonlinearity <0.001). Compared with the lowest category of coffee consumption (median, 0 cups per day), the relative risk of CVD was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.03) for the highest category (median, 5 cups per day) category, 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.90) for the second highest category (median, 3.5 cups per day), and 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-0.94) for the third highest category (median, 1.5 cups per day). Looking at separate outcomes, coffee consumption was nonlinearly associated with both coronary heart disease (P for heterogeneity=0.001, P for trend <0.001, P for nonlinearity <0.001) and stroke (P for heterogeneity=0.07, P for trend <0.001, P for nonlinearity <0.001; P for trend differences >0.05) risks.A nonlinear association between coffee consumption and CVD risk was observed in this meta-analysis. Moderate coffee consumption was inversely significantly associated with CVD risk, with the lowest CVD risk at 3 to 5 cups per day, and heavy coffee consumption was not associated with elevated CVD risk.
Hepatitis C virus infection in `primary' Sjogren's syndrome: prevalence and clinical significance in a series of 90 patients
Authors: M. Garcia-Carrasco, M. Ramos, R. Cervera, J. Font, J. Vidal, F. J Munoz, C. Miret, G. Espinosa, M. Ingelmo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

To determine the prevalence and clinical significance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a large cohort of patients with "primary' Sjögren's syndrome (SS).90 consecutive patients (83 female and seven male) were included, with a mean age of 62 years (range 31-80) who prospectively visited our unit. All patients fulfilled the European Community criteria for SS and underwent a complete history, physical examination, as well as biochemical and immunological evaluation for liver disease. Serum from all patients was tested for antibodies to HCV by third generation enzyme linked immunoassay and positivity was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.Antibodies to HCV were present in 13 (14%) patients with 'primary' SS. When compared with patients without HCV infection, patients with HCV infection presented a higher prevalence of hepatic involvement, (100% v 8%, p < 0.05). Transcutaneous liver biopsy was performed in five patients with HCV infection, and specimens obtained showed in all cases a chronic active hepatitis with varying degrees of portal inflammation.HCV infection is frequent in patients with "primary' SS and liver involvement is presented in all these patients. The possible pathogenic role of HCV infection in these patients is still unclear.
ErbB3 Ablation Impairs PI3K/Akt-Dependent Mammary Tumorigenesis
Authors: Rebecca S. Cook, Joan T. Garrett, Violeta Sánchez, Jamie C. Stanford, Christian Young, Anindita Chakrabarty, Cammie Rinehart, Yixian Zhang, Yaming Wu, Lee Greenberger, Ivan D. Horak, Carlos L. Arteaga
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The ErbB receptor family member ErbB3 has been implicated in breast cancer growth, but it has yet to be determined whether its disruption is therapeutically valuable. In a mouse model of mammary carcinoma driven by the polyomavirus middle T (PyVmT) oncogene, the ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib reduced the activation of ErbB3 and Akt as well as tumor cell growth. In this phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent tumor model, ErbB2 is part of a complex containing PyVmT, p85 (PI3K), and ErbB3, that is disrupted by treatment with lapatinib. Thus, full engagement of PI3K/Akt by ErbB2 in this oncogene-induced mouse tumor model may involve its ability to dimerize with and phosphorylate ErbB3, which itself directly binds PI3K. In this article, we report that ErbB3 is critical for PI3K/Akt-driven tumor formation triggered by the PyVmT oncogene. Tissue-specific, Cre-mediated deletion of ErbB3 reduced Akt phosphorylation, primary tumor growth, and pulmonary metastasis. Furthermore, EZN-3920, a chemically stabilized antisense oligonucleotide that targets the ErbB3 mRNA in vivo, produced similar effects while causing no toxicity in the mouse model. Our findings offer further preclinical evidence that ErbB3 ablation may be therapeutically effective in tumors where ErbB3 engages PI3K/Akt signaling. Cancer Res; 71(11); 3941–51. ©2011 AACR.
Liquid Protein Mayhem
Authors: Theodore B. Van Itallie
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Singh et al (p 115) and Brown et al (p 120) report a total of three deaths of female patients who had adhered faithfully to a liquid protein diet (providing about 300 kcal/day in the form of protein hydrolysate) for five to six months. The immediate cause of death in every case was refractory ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. A fourth patient experienced repeated episodes of ventricular tachycardia, but, after a stormy course, her condition was controlled with phenytoin sodium. The patient subsequently recovered. The ECGs of all four patients showed gross abnormalities of repolarization characterized by prominent U waves and QT<sub>c</sub>prolongation. All of the patients were relatively young women aged 27 to 35 years, and, except for their obesity, all had been in good health before undergoing supplemented fasting. At the time the cardiac complications were first observed, the patients had lost
Conditional Survival: A Useful Concept to Provide Information on How Prognosis Evolves over Time
Authors: Stefanie Hieke, Martina Kleber, Christine König, Monika Engelhardt, Martin Schumacher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Conditional survival (CS) is defined as the probability of surviving further t years, given that a patient has already survived s years after the diagnosis of a chronic disease. It is the simplest form of a dynamic prediction in which other events in the course of the disease or biomarker values measured up to time s can be incorporated. CS has attracted attention in recent years either in an absolute or relative form where the latter is based on a comparison with an age-adjusted normal population being highly relevant from a public health perspective. In its absolute form, CS constitutes the quantity of major interest in a clinical context. Given a clinical cohort of patients with a particular type of cancer, absolute CS can be estimated by conditional Kaplan–Meier estimates in strata defined, for example, by age and disease stage or by a conditional version of the Cox and other regression models for time-to-event data. CS can be displayed as a function of the prediction time s in parametric as well as nonparametric fashion. We illustrate the use of absolute CS in a large clinical cohort of patients with multiple myeloma. For investigating CS, it is necessary to ensure almost complete long-term follow-up of the patients enrolled in the clinical cohort and to consider potential age–stage migration as well as changing treatment modalities over time. CS provides valuable and relevant information on how prognosis develops over time. It also serves as a starting point for identifying factors related to long-term survival. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1530–6. ©2015 AACR.
Turner syndrome associated with acquired von Willebrand disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lubomir Sokol, Eugen T. Stueben, Jay P. Jaikishen, Maximo B. Lamarche
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

We report a unique case of Turner syndrome associated with acquired von Willebrand disease (AvWD), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). During 7 years of close follow-up, the patient presented with multiple major episodes of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by different pathogenic mechanisms, such as IBD, AvWD, gastric varices, and thrombocytopenia. AvWD mimicking familial vWD type III on laboratory testing was most probably triggered by autoimmune mechanism associated with PBC. Therapy of PBC with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) resulted in significant decrease of liver enzymes followed by normalization of vWF and FVIII levels. Portosystemic shunt placement with ligation of gastric varices improved hypersplenism and severe thrombocytopenia and led to clinical stability for more than 24 months. The clinicopathological features of these disorders and of the recurrent bleeding episodes are discussed in the text along with a review of the literature.
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Tumors: Fallacious or Snail's Pace?
Authors: Robert D. Cardiff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Yauch et al. ([1][1]) present evidence that a subset of non–small cell lung carcinomas that do not respond to erlotinib therapy have low levels of E-cadherin and higher levels of mesenchymal-type transcripts. The bulk of their evidence uses non–small
International comparisons of the consultation prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions using population-based healthcare data from England and Sweden
Authors: Kelvin P Jordan, Anna Jöud, Charlotte Bergknut, Peter Croft, John J Edwards, George Peat, Ingemar F Petersson, Aleksandra Turkiewicz, Ross Wilkie, Martin Englund
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the consultation prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions as presented in different healthcare systems, and to determine the feasibility of comparing prevalence figures between nations. <h3>Methods</h3> The settings were an English regional database (Consultations in Primary Care Archive (CiPCA)) and the Swedish Skåne County Health Care Register. Case definitions, data extraction and analysis procedures were harmonised. The number of people consulting per 10 000 registered population in primary care, and in primary or secondary care, in the year 2010 (annual consultation prevalence) were determined for doctor-diagnosed osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), low back pain, and spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Seven-year period consultation prevalences were also determined. <h3>Results</h3> Combining primary and secondary care, annual consultation prevalences of any MSK condition (2143 vs 1610/10 000) and low back pain (587 vs 294/10 000) were higher in England than in Sweden, but higher for RA, spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis in Sweden. Annual primary care prevalence figures for OA (176 vs 196/10 000), RA (25 vs 26/10 000), spondyloarthritis (both 8/10 000) and psoriatic arthritis (5 vs 3/10 000) were similar between England and Sweden. AS was rarely recorded in Swedish primary care. These patterns were also observed for 7-year period consultation prevalences. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A rigorous methodological approach allowed feasible comparison of MSK consultation prevalence between England and Sweden. Differences in prevalence of inflammatory and unspecific pain conditions may be partially explained by known variations in healthcare systems and recording practice. Routine healthcare data offers potential for investigating variations in occurrence and outcome of MSK conditions between nations.
Comparison of orocaecal transit times assessed by the lactulose/breath hydrogen and the sulphasalazine/sulphapyridine methods.
Authors: D H Staniforth
Journal: Gut (1989)

The lactulose/breath hydrogen and the sulphasalazine/sulphapyridine methods of assessing orocaecal transit time have been compared. In a two part crossover study in healthy normal subjects the median orocaecal transit time by the SLZ/SP method was 4.84 hours but only 2.92 hours by the lactulose/breath hydrogen method. Coadministration of lactulose and sulphazalazine to nine subjects with assessment of orocaecal transit time by hydrogen breath determination and plasma sulphapyridine assay gave orocaecal transit times of 2.33 and 2.25 hours respectively suggesting that the lactulose reduces transit time and that the lactulose/breath hydrogen method, which is so convenient to use, gives artificially low transit times. A third experiment was undertaken to compare the orocaecal transit times after 1.5 and 3.0 g sulphazalazine. The orocaecal transit times after the two doses were not statistically different.
A Novel Anionic Inward Rectifier in Native Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Dayue Duan, Lingyu Ye, Fiona Britton, Burton Horowitz, Joseph R. Hume
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Although the cationic inward rectifiers (Kir and hyperpolarization-activated I(f) channels) have been well characterized in cardiac myocytes, the expression and physiological role of anionic inward rectifiers in heart are unknown. In the present study, we report the functional and molecular identification of a novel chloride (Cl(-)) inward rectifier (Cl.ir) in mammalian heart. Under conditions in which cationic inward rectifier channels were blocked, membrane hyperpolarization (-40 to -140 mV) activated an inwardly rectifying whole-cell current in mouse atrial and ventricular myocytes. Under isotonic conditions, the current activated slowly with a biexponential time course (time constants averaging 179.7+/-23.4 [mean+/-SEM] and 2073.6+/-287.6 ms at -120 mV). Hypotonic cell swelling accelerated the activation and increased the current amplitude whereas hypertonic cell shrinkage inhibited the current. The inwardly rectifying current was carried by Cl(-) (I(Cl.ir)) and had an anion permeability sequence of Cl(-)>I(-)>>aspartate. I(Cl.ir) was blocked by 9-anthracene-carboxylic acid and cadmium but not by stilbene disulfonates and tamoxifen. A similar I(Cl.ir) was also observed in guinea pig cardiac myocytes. The properties of I(Cl.ir) are consistent with currents generated by expression of ClC-2 Cl(-) channels. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis confirmed transcriptional expression of ClC-2 in both atrial and ventricular tissues and isolated myocytes of mouse and guinea pig hearts. These results indicate that a novel I(Cl.ir) is present in mammalian heart and support a potentially important role of ClC-2 channels in the regulation of cardiac electrical activity and cell volume under physiological and pathological conditions.
Simplifying the Approach to the Management of Dyslipidemia
Authors: J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OE LEUCOCYTE EMIGRATION*
Authors: W. G. SPECTOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article RECENT ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OE LEUCOCYTE EMIGRATION Get access W. G. SPECTOR W. G. SPECTOR Department of Pathology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s3, 1 June 1969, Pages 19–27, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb12850.x Published: 01 June 1969
Decreased activity of acid α-glucosidase in a patient with persistent periocular swelling after infusions of hydroxyethyl starch
Authors: None Kiehl, None Metze, None Kresse, None Reimann, None Kraft, None Kapp
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

After infusion therapy with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on account of sudden hearing loss, a 68‐year‐old woman developed a marked and persistent periocular swelling. This extraordinary adverse effect caused us to search for an explanation by means of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy and biochemistry. In lesional periocular skin and in normal‐appearing skin, lysosomal storage of HES could be detected with a specific HES antibody in histiocytes, endothelial cells, basal keratinocytes and small nerves. In the periocular skin, a stronger deposition of HES was found in addition to distinct xanthomatous changes as well as features of lymphoedema. In view of lysosomal HES storage we measured the pH‐dependent activity of the lysosomal α‐glucosidase (GAA) in cultured fibroblasts. We found a 50% decreased activity of the acid GAA, which is consistent with a heterozygous state of glycogenosis type II (Pompe's disease) and potentially of pathogenetic relevance for the intralysosomal accumulation of HES. Xanthomatous changes and lymphoedema are likely to be secondary effects, but contribute considerably to the clinical manifestation of persistent visible swelling. This observation could point to a role for GAA in the elimination of tissue‐stored HES. Patients with decreased activities of GAA may be at risk of unusual adverse effects following extraordinary and prolonged tissue storage of HES, especially if it is infused in large quantities.
Influence of pudendal block on the function of the anal sphincters.
Authors: B Frenckner, C V Euler
Journal: Gut (1975)

The function of the anal sphincters has been studied by obtaining continuous recordings of the pressure in the anal canal and the electromyographic activity in the striated sphincter muscles during expansion of the ampulla recti by means of an air balloon. Ten healthy subjects were examined before and after the striated muscles had been entirely paralysed by bilateral pudendal block, making it possible to record the activity from the internal sphincter alone. The results show that the internal sphincter contributes about 85% of the pressure in the anal canal at rest but only about 40% after a sudden substantial distension of the rectum. During constant substantial rectal distension, the internal sphincter accounts for about 65% of the anal pressure. It is concluded that the internal sphincter in the adult is chiefly responsible for anal continence at rest. In the event of sudden substantial distension of the rectum, continence is maintained by the striated sphincter muscles, whereas both sphincter systems probably have an important function during constant distension of the rectum.
Herpes Zoster and Chicken-pox
Authors: C. S. Whitehouse
Journal: BMJ (1954)

A 60-year-old man with a history of hepatic cirrhosis and cardiomyopathy underwent transoesophageal echocardiogram. He received mild sedation and topical lidocaine. During the recovery period the patient developed ataxia and diplopia for about 30 mins, a result of lidocaine toxicity. The patient was administered a commonly used local anaesthetic, a combination of 2% viscous lidocaine, 4% lidocaine gargle and 5% lidocaine ointment topically to the oropharnyx. The total dose was at least 280 mg. Oral lidocaine undergoes extensive first pass metabolism and its clearance is quite dependent on rates of liver blood flow as well as other factors. The patient9s central nervous system symptoms were mild and transient but remind us that to avoid adverse side effects, orally administered drugs with fairly high hepatic extraction ratio given to patients with chronic liver disease need to be given in reduced dosages. Even ‘Safe’ medications need to be carefully administered.
Monitoring asthma in children: what does BATMAN tell us?
Authors: Louise Fleming
Journal: Thorax (2015)

The importance of monitoring asthma and adjusting treatment according to control is a fundamental part of asthma management and many studies have demonstrated the benefits of achieving good control. Numerous tools can be used, including spirometry, inflammometry, airway hyper-responsiveness and validated questionnaires of asthma control and asthma-related quality of life. In practice, the clinician uses a combination of some (or none!) of these. However, the evidence of the utility of most of these is lacking, particularly in children. Studies that have been carried out are hampered by a number of constraints: first, there is no gold standard for asthma control. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) definition of controlled, partially controlled or uncontrolled is often used.1 This is a composite measure, including symptoms, exacerbations and lung function, which was developed for adults and has not been validated in children. It is not universally used to assess the usefulness of monitoring strategies and a variety of end points, including exacerbations, symptom-free days (SFD), inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose and FEV1, have been reported. Second, studies tend to evaluate each measure in isolation: lung function or measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) versus standard care and so on and there is limited evidence as to how the various components of control should be integrated. Third, the term ‘standard care’ is also open to much interpretation. The BATMAN …
Islet Amyloid in Type 2 Diabetes, and the Toxic Oligomer Hypothesis
Authors: Leena Haataja, Tatyana Gurlo, Chang J. Huang, Peter C. Butler
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2008)

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion, loss of β-cell mass with increased β-cell apoptosis and islet amyloid. The islet amyloid is derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin), a protein coexpressed and cosecreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells. In common with other amyloidogenic proteins, IAPP has the propensity to form membrane permeant toxic oligomers. Accumulating evidence suggests that these toxic oligomers, rather than the extracellular amyloid form of these proteins, are responsible for loss of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we discuss emerging evidence to suggest that formation of intracellular IAPP oligomers may contribute to β-cell loss in T2DM. The accumulated evidence permits the amyloid hypothesis originally developed for neurodegenerative diseases to be reformulated as the toxic oligomer hypothesis. However, as in neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unclear exactly why amyloidogenic proteins form oligomers in vivo, what their exact structure is, and to what extent these oligomers play a primary or secondary role in the cytotoxicity in what are now often called unfolded protein diseases.