tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of reperfusion on myocardial infarct, and the accuracy of estimating infarct size from serum creatine phosphokinase in the dog
Authors: J. M. JARMAKANI, L. LIMBIRD, T. C. GRAHAM, R. A. MARKS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

This study was designed to determine the effect of coronary reperfusion on (1) myocardial infarct size and (2) the accuracy of previously reported methods for estimation of infarct size serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values. Thirty mongrel dogs, chronically prepared, were studied in the awake state, and were divided into four groups according to the period or left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) occlusion. Group 1: permanent occlusion (24 h) in nine dogs; group 2: 45 min occlusion (eight dogs); group 3: 1 h occlusion (five dogs); and group 4: 3 h occlusion (eight dogs). Serial blood samples were drawn for 24 h following the beginning of occlusion and were used to determine total and isoenzyme levels of CPK, and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes. All dogs were sacrified 24 h after the beginning of occlusion and were anatomically examined. The extent of anatomical myocardial infarction was determined and compared with the extent of myocardial infarction as estimated from serial serum CPK values. Total serum CPK increased significantly in all groups and was associated with the appearance of CPK-MB isoenzyme and an increase in LDH1,2 (LDH1 greater than LDH2) in most dogs. Total serum CPK increased within an hour after reperfusion and the mean values in groups 2, 3, and 4 were significantly high (P less than 0.05) than serum CPK values in group 1 in the period from 110 min to 4 after occlusion. These data demonstrate that reperfusion after 45 min to 3 h of coronary occlusion results in an earlier appearance of total serum CPK. The anatomical infarction in group 1 averaged 28% +/- 3% (SEM) of the total heart and was significantly larger than infarct size in all groups with reperfusion. In contrast, estimated infarction calculated from total CPK in group 1 was not significantly different from the reperfused groups. Although there was correlation between estimated and anatomical infarction, the data in each group showed that anatomical infarct size could not be accurately estimated from total serum CPK.
Agreement between oncology guidelines and clinical practice in Italy: the ‘right’ program. A project of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)
Authors: S. Barni, M. Venturini, G.D. Beretta, S. Gori, A. Molino, C. Carnaghi, R. Labianca, S. Sgarbi, L. Simoni, E. Maiello
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on Insulin Secretion, Insulin Action, Glucose Effectiveness, and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Ananda Basu, Chiara Dalla Man, Rita Basu, Gianna Toffolo, Claudio Cobelli, Robert A. Rizza
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to determine whether postprandial insulin secretion, insulin action, glucose effectiveness, and glucose turnover were abnormal in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fourteen subjects with type 2 diabetes and 11 nondiabetic subjects matched for age, weight, and BMI underwent a mixed-meal test using the triple-tracer technique. Indexes of insulin secretion, insulin action, and glucose effectiveness were assessed using the oral “minimal” and C-peptide models. RESULTS Fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations were higher in the diabetic than nondiabetic subjects. Although peak insulin secretion was delayed (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in type 2 diabetes, the integrated total postprandial insulin response did not differ between groups. Insulin action, insulin secretion, disposition indexes, and glucose effectiveness all were lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. Whereas the rate of meal glucose appearance did not differ between groups, the percent suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP) was slightly delayed and the increment in glucose disappearance was substantially lower (P &amp;lt; 0.01) in diabetic subjects during the first 3 h after meal ingestion. Together, these defects resulted in an excessive rise in postprandial glucose concentrations in the diabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS When measured using methods that avoid non–steady-state error, the rate of appearance of ingested glucose was normal and suppression of EGP was only minimally impaired. However, when considered in light of the prevailing glucose concentration, both were abnormal. In contrast, rates of postprandial glucose disappearance were substantially decreased due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, and glucose effectiveness.
Spontaneous improvement of hematologic abnormalities in patients having juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with specific RAS mutations
Authors: Kazuyuki Matsuda, Akira Shimada, Nao Yoshida, Atsushi Ogawa, Akihiro Watanabe, Shuhei Yajima, Susumu Iizuka, Kazutoshi Koike, Fumio Yanai, Keiichiro Kawasaki, Masakatsu Yanagimachi, Akira Kikuchi, Yoshitoshi Ohtsuka, Eiko Hidaka, Kazuyoshi Yamauchi, Miyuki Tanaka, Ryu Yanagisawa, Yozo Nakazawa, Masaaki Shiohara, Atsushi Manabe, Seiji Kojima, Kenichi Koike
Journal: Blood (2007)
IMMUNIZATION REGISTRIES IN THE UNITED STATES: Implications for the Practice of Public Health in a Changing Health Care System
Authors: David Wood, Kristin N. Saarlas, Moira Inkelas, Bela T. Matyas
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1999)

Although immunization rates among children are rising across the country, rates in inner-city areas have remained at approximately 50%-60%, < or = 30% lower than corresponding suburban or state immunization levels. The failure to raise immunization levels in poor, underserved populations is caused in part by the lack of timely and accurate child-specific immunization information for providers and parents. Immunization registries are a new tool in health care that can be used to address these and other barriers to effective immunization delivery. Moreover, immunization registries have the potential to help health care officials track and improve delivery for a broad range of important child health services. An immunization registry is a computerized database of information on children (usually preschool-age children) in a defined population (e.g. those enrolled in a health maintenance organization or living in a specific geographic area), which is used to record and track all immunizations received by each child. The registry receives the information primarily from public and private providers that administer immunizations, as well as from parents, schools, and other agencies. A fully functioning immunization registry can be used to identify individual children in need of immunizations and to report on immunization rates by population characteristics such as child age, assigned provider, or geographic area (e.g. neighborhood, city). Today, > 250 local public health departments have immunization registries that are in various stages of planning or development. Only a small number of these registries meet the minimum functional criteria of maintaining records on 95% of all eligible 2-year-old children in the target population and providing an electronic immunization record that is accessible to providers. Nascent immunization registries represent innovative technologic solutions to the challenge of monitoring health problems and health care access on a population basis. This is a fundamental activity of public health agencies, but one that is increasingly shared by large health maintenance organizations. The study of the development of immunization registries across the United States provides an important case study for how public health agencies will use the rapidly developing health information infrastructure to perform health assessment and health assurance activities in a managed care environment.
Re: Specific Antibody Levels at the Cervix During the Menstrual Cycle of Women Vaccinated With Human Papillomavirus 16 Virus-Like Particles
Authors: E. Barr, L. A. Koutsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background  In early-phase trials, a human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine has been shown to be well tolerated, immunogenic, and protective against HPV16 in women, most of whom were taking oral contraceptives. Previous studies have not determined whether HPV immunization results in specific antibody levels in the human genital tract or whether these levels might vary during contraceptive or ovulatory cycles. Therefore, we determined the levels of total and specific antibodies in the cervical secretions of women who had been immunized with HPV16 VLPs and examined the influence of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use on these levels.  Methods  Two groups of women were immunized, seven who were taking oral contraceptives and 11 who were ovulating. After seroconversion, serum and cervical secretions were collected twice weekly for 5 weeks. Total immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) and vaccine-specific IgGs were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nonparametric statistical analyses were used to determine the statistical significance of differences in IgG levels between groups, and correlations between serum- and cervical-specific IgG levels were determined by the Spearman correlation coefficient.  Results  All participants developed detectable titers of anti-HPV16 VLP IgGs in their cervical secretions after immunization. The cervical titers of specific IgG and total IgGs and IgAs among participants in the contraceptive group were relatively constant throughout the contraceptive cycle. In contrast, the cervical titers of specific IgG and total IgGs and IgAs among participants in the ovulatory group varied during the menstrual cycle, being highest during the proliferative phase, decreasing approximately ninefold around ovulation, and increasing approximately threefold during the luteal phase. Serum- and cervical-specific IgG levels were correlated (r =.86) in women in the contraceptive group but not in women in the ovulatory group (r =.27).  Conclusions  The relatively high titer of anti-HPV16 antibodies at the cervix is promising in terms of vaccine efficacy; however, the decrease in antibody titer around ovulation raises the possibility that the HPV16 VLP vaccine might be less effective during the peri-ovulatory phase.
Salivary biomarker development using genomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches
Authors: Nicolai J Bonne, David TW Wong
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

The use of saliva as a diagnostic sample provides a non-invasive, cost-efficient method of sample collection for disease screening without the need for highly trained professionals. Saliva collection is far more practical and safe compared with invasive methods of sample collection, because of the infection risk from contaminated needles during, for example, blood sampling. Furthermore, the use of saliva could increase the availability of accurate diagnostics for remote and impoverished regions. However, the development of salivary diagnostics has required technical innovation to allow stabilization and detection of analytes in the complex molecular mixture that is saliva. The recent development of cost-effective room temperature analyte stabilization methods, nucleic acid pre-amplification techniques and direct saliva transcriptomic analysis have allowed accurate detection and quantification of transcripts found in saliva. Novel protein stabilization methods have also facilitated improved proteomic analyses. Although candidate biomarkers have been discovered using epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches, transcriptomic analyses have so far achieved the most progress in terms of sensitivity and specificity, and progress towards clinical implementation. Here, we review recent developments in salivary diagnostics that have been accomplished using genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches.
Nephrin Contributes to Insulin Secretion and Affects Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Independently of Insulin Receptor
Authors: Rodrigo Villarreal, Alla Mitrofanova, Dony Maiguel, Ximena Morales, Jongmin Jeon, Florian Grahammer, Ingo B. Leibiger, Johanna Guzman, Alberto Fachado, Tae H. Yoo, Anja Busher Katin, Jutta Gellermann, Sandra Merscher, George W. Burke, Per-Olof Berggren, Jun Oh, Tobias B. Huber, Alessia Fornoni
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Nephrin belongs to a family of highly conserved proteins with a well characterized function as modulators of cell adhesion and guidance, and nephrin may have a role in metabolic pathways linked to podocyte and pancreatic β-cell survival. However, this role is incompletely characterized. In this study, we developed floxed nephrin mice for pancreatic β-cell-specific deletion of nephrin, which had no effect on islet size and glycemia. Nephrin deficiency, however, resulted in glucose intolerance in vivo and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin release ex vivo Glucose intolerance was also observed in eight patients with nephrin mutations compared with three patients with other genetic forms of nephrotic syndrome or nine healthy controls.In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate if nephrin affects autocrine signaling through insulin receptor A (IRA) and B (IRB), which are both expressed in human podocytes and pancreatic islets. Coimmunoprecipitation of nephrin and IRB but not IRA was observed and required IR phosphorylation. Nephrin per se was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of p70S6K in an phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent but IR/Src-independent manner, which was not augmented by exogenous insulin. These results suggest a role for nephrin as an independent modulator of podocyte and pancreatic β-cell nutrient sensing in the fasting state and the potential of nephrin as a drug target in diabetes.
Regional comparison of midwall segment and area shortening in the canine left ventricle.
Authors: W Y Lew, M M LeWinter
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

We used ultrasonic segment length gauges to examine the regional behavior of midwall fibers at different sites around the left ventricular minor axis in 12 anesthetized dogs. In six dogs (group I) with circumferentially oriented midwall gauges, significantly greater shortening of anterior than lateral or posterior wall segments was demonstrated over a range of left ventricular end-diastolic pressures from 2 to 18 mm Hg. Normalized end-diastolic segment lengths increased more in the anterior wall as end-diastolic pressure increased, suggesting that regional differences in diastolic distensibility may in part account for the observed shortening differences. To examine the extent to which shortening of longitudinally oriented fibers of the subendocardium and subepicardium might influence the behavior of the midwall circumferential fibers, we implanted mutually perpendicular midwall gauges circumferentially and longitudinally in the anterior and posterior walls in six dogs (group II). Longitudinal shortening of midwall fibers was negligible at low end-diastolic pressures, but increased significantly at higher end-diastolic pressures. In the anterior wall, there was greater circumferential than longitudinal shortening, whereas, in the posterior wall, shortening was similar in the two directions. Finally, we calculated the midwall area subtended by the mutually perpendicular gauges and found the systolic change in midwall area to be similar for the anterior and posterior walls at all end-diastolic pressures. We conclude that midwall fibers demonstrate considerable nonuniformity of contraction at different sites around the minor axis. This finding may be related in part to regional differences in diastolic distensibility or in functional interactions between fiber layers. Despite these complex regional, directional, and volume dependent differences in midwall segment function, the systolic changes in midwall area did not vary regionally. Thus, different midwall sites around the minor axis circumference appear to have similar overall contributions to the ejection of blood.
Traumatic priapism: an unusual cycling injury
Authors: A Golash, R Gray, M S T Ruttley, B J Jenkins
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

A case is reported of a 35 year old man who sustained an injury to the perineum in a cycling accident which resulted in a traumatic priapism. After confirmation of the diagnosis by Doppler sonography and angiography, therapeutic selective arterial embolisation was followed by successful detumescence of the penis and subsequent return of normal erectile function. It is suggested that percutaneous embolisation of the lacerated cavernosal artery is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for this uncommon condition.
Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Colorectal Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: E. D. Paskett, K. W. Reeves, T. E. Rohan, M. A. Allison, C. D. Williams, C. R. Messina, E. Whitlock, A. Sato, J. R. Hunt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

The evidence linking cigarette smoking to the risk of colorectal cancer is inconsistent. We investigated the associations between active and passive smoking and colorectal cancer among 146877 Women's Health Initiative participants. Women reported detailed smoking histories at enrollment. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the association between smoking and overall and site-specific risk of colorectal cancer. Invasive colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 1242 women over an average of 7.8 years (range = 0.003–11.2 years) of follow-up. In adjusted analyses, statistically significant positive associations were observed between most measures of cigarette smoking and risk of invasive colorectal cancer. Site-specific analyses indicated that current smokers had a statistically significantly increased risk of rectal cancer (HR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.10 to 3.47) but not colon cancer (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.77 to 1.38), compared with never smokers. Passive smoke exposure was not associated with colorectal cancer in adjusted analyses. Thus, active exposure to cigarette smoking appears to be a risk factor for rectal cancer.
A Novel Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of<i>ERBB4</i>Is Associated with Breast and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Matjaž Rokavec, Christina Justenhoven, Werner Schroth, Monica Adina Istrate, Susanne Haas, Hans-Peter Fischer, Caren Vollmert, Thomas Illig, Ute Hamann, Yon-Dschun Ko, Damjan Glavač, Hiltrud Brauch
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: The receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB4/HER4 plays a role in cell division, migration, differentiation, as well as apoptosis, and is frequently overexpressed in breast and colorectal tumors. To understand the role of genetic variations in the regulation of ERBB4 expression, we identified new polymorphisms and investigated their functional implication and risk association with breast and colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: We screened colorectal tumors from 92 patients for genetic variants at the ERBB4 ATG −1000 bp 5′-regulatory region by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and sequencing. Variants were subjected to DNA-protein interaction analyses (electrophoretic mobility shift assay), reporter gene assays in breast cancer cell lines MDA134 and MDA157, and immunohistochemical analyses of breast tumors. We established genotype frequencies within a breast cancer case-control collection (1,021 cases, 1,015 population-based controls) and a colorectal cancer case-control collection (459 cases, 569 blood donors) using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: We identified five new germ line variants −815 A&amp;gt;T, −782 G&amp;gt;T, −638 insTC, −267 C&amp;gt;G, and −219 del10bp. Two variants showed in vitro functional effects. The −782T allele showed lower protein binding affinity and lower promoter activity compared with the −782G allele, however, the −815T allele showed higher protein binding affinity and higher promoter activity. The −782T variant was identified as a risk allele for breast and colorectal cancer (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06-2.34 and OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.22-3.99, respectively). Conclusion: The ERBB4 −782 G&amp;gt;T polymorphism, by virtue of its in vitro functional implication and incidence, is a risk factor for breast and colorectal cancer.
SABRE-B: an evaluation of paclitaxel and bevacizumab with or without sunitinib as first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: E.L. Mayer, S. Dhakil, T. Patel, S. Sundaram, C. Fabian, M. Kozloff, R. Qamar, F. Volterra, H. Parmar, M. Samant, H.J. Burstein
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Abnormal caloric requirements for weight maintenance in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa
Authors: T E Weltzin, M H Fernstrom, D Hansen, C McConaha, W H Kaye
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

This study tested previous findings that patients with eating disorders who attain normal weight have abnormal caloric requirements for maintaining weight.Fifty-three female patients meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa were divided into four subgroups, and their daily caloric intake was measured over a weight-stable period. Patients with anorexia nervosa (restricting and bulimic subtypes) were studied 4 weeks after refeeding and weight gain, when they had attained 95% of average body weight. Patients with normal-weight bulimia (previously anorexic or never previously anorexic) were studied 1-4 weeks after admission to an inpatient unit.After weight restoration, restricting anorexic patients required significantly more calories per day to maintain weight than did bulimic anorexic patients, as measured with corrections for weight, body surface area, and fat-free mass. Previously anorexic normal-weight bulimic patients required significantly more calories per day to maintain weight than never-anorexic normal-weight bulimic patients, as measured with correction for weight but not with the other factors used to correct caloric intake.To maintain stable weight after weight restoration, restricting anorexic patients require a significantly higher caloric intake than do bulimic anorexic patients. Differences in caloric needs between normal-weight bulimic patients with and without histories of anorexia may depend on the methods used to correct caloric requirements. Body surface area may be the most precise correction factor across different subgroups of eating disorder patients. Elevated caloric requirements, when coupled with reduced food intake, may particularly contribute to relapse in anorexic patients.