tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Children’s fruit drinks are laden with sugar, study finds
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Fruit based drinks, such as smoothies and natural juices, specifically marketed to UK children and generally perceived as healthy by parents, have been found to contain “unacceptably high” levels of sugar by a study published in the online journal BMJ Open .1

A standard 200 mg portion of almost half of the products assessed contained more than a child’s entire daily recommended maximum sugar intake of 19 g, equal to almost five teaspoons.

The researchers used package labelling information to determine the sugar content of all fruit juices, fruit drinks, and smoothies sold by seven major UK supermarkets and marketed to children. This meant that sports …
Direct inhibition of osteoblastic Wnt pathway by fibroblast growth factor 23 contributes to bone loss in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Natalia Carrillo-López, Sara Panizo, Cristina Alonso-Montes, Pablo Román-García, Isabel Rodríguez, Carlos Martínez-Salgado, Adriana S. Dusso, Manuel Naves, Jorge B. Cannata-Andía
Journal: Kidney International (2016)
Interferon-gamma release assays in patients with Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary infection: A retrospective survey
Authors: Ryota Sato, Hideaki Nagai, Hirotoshi Matsui, Yoshiko Kawabe, Keita Takeda, Masahiro Kawashima, Junko Suzuki, Nobuharu Ohshima, Kimihiko Masuda, Akira Yamane, Atsuhisa Tamura, Shinobu Akagawa, Ken Ohta
Journal: Journal of Infection (2016)
Updated Projected Prevalence of Self‐Reported Doctor‐Diagnosed Arthritis and Arthritis‐Attributable Activity Limitation Among US Adults, 2015–2040
Authors: Jennifer M. Hootman, Charles G. Helmick, Kamil E. Barbour, Kristina A. Theis, Michael A. Boring
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

Objective To update the projected prevalence of arthritis and arthritis‐attributable activity limitations among US adults, using a newer baseline for estimates. Methods Baseline prevalence data were obtained from the 2010–2012 National Health Interview Survey. Arthritis was defined as an answer of “yes” to the question “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus or fibromyalgia?” Arthritis‐attributable activity limitation was defined as an answer of “yes” to the question “Are you limited in any way in any of your usual activities because of arthritis or joint symptoms?” The baseline prevalence of arthritis and arthritis‐attributable activity limitation was stratified according to age and sex and was statistically weighted to account for the complex survey design. The projected prevalence of doctor‐diagnosed arthritis and arthritis‐attributable activity limitation was calculated by multiplying the age‐ and sex‐stratified population estimates projected for 2015–2040 (in 5‐year intervals; provided by the US Census Bureau) by the baseline estimates. Age‐ and sex‐specific prevalences were summed to provide the total prevalence estimates for each year. Results In 2010–2012, 52.5 million adults in the US (22.7% of all adults) had doctor‐diagnosed arthritis, and 22.7 million (9.8%) had arthritis‐attributable activity limitation. By 2040, the number of US adults with doctor‐diagnosed arthritis is projected to increase 49% to 78.4 million (25.9% of all adults), and the number of adults with arthritis‐attributable activity limitation will increase 52% to 34.6 million (11.4% of all adults). Conclusion Updated projections suggest that arthritis and arthritis‐attributable activity limitation will remain large and growing problems for clinical and public health systems, which must plan and create policies and resources to address these future needs.
Endometrial effects of exemestane compared to tamoxifen within the TEAM trial: Results of a prospective randomized study
Authors: D. G. Kieback, N. Harbeck, W. Bauer, P. Hadji, G. Weyer, A. Hasenburg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

572 Background: A prospective open label randomized multicenter substudy was performed in the German TEAM Trial Group to compare the effects of the irreversible aromatase antagonist Exemestane (EXE) and the ER agonist/antagonist Tamoxifen (TAM) on the endometrium during adjuvant treatment for postmenopausal estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Methods: Transvaginal Ultrasound Scans (TVS) were performed at baseline, 6 and 12 months of treatment if no proliferation &gt;5mm was present, and in 3 months intervals if endometrial thickness exceeded 5mm. Intent-to-treat analysis was performed based on 158 patients. Primary endpoint was the time interval from randomization to the earliest occurrence of endometrial hyperplasia &gt; 10mm. Secondary endpoints were the time from randomization to endometrial hyperplasia &gt; 5mm and the time interval from randomization to vaginal bleeding. Analysis of Time to Event Curves was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, analysis of differences between treatments by two-sided Logrank test and Cox Proportional Hazards. Differences in frequency were compared by Fisher‘s Exact Test. Results: 65 patients were available for analysis in the TAM arm, 78 in the EXE arm. Both groups were comparable regarding age, height, tumor grade,and stage. Median follow-up was 727 (EXE) and 526 days (TAM). In this time period, there were no (EXE) vs. 11 (TAM) cases of endometrial hyperplasia &gt;10mm (p&lt;0.0001), 11 (EXE) vs. 34 (TAM) patients with hyperplasia &gt;5mm (p&lt; 0.006). In total, endometrial hyperplasia was observed 11 times in the EXE arm vs. 45 times in the TAM arm (p&lt;0.0001). Time to endometrial hyperplasia was significantly longer in the EXE group (p&lt;0.0001); HR was 0.160 indicating an 84% risk reduction of hyperplasia in the EXE group. Increase in endometrial thickness from baseline to 6mo. was 2.94mm (EXE) vs. 5.41mm(TAM), from baseline to 12 mo 2.64mm vs. 6.0 mm respectively (p&lt;0.0006). Only 1 patient underwent histological sampling in the EXE group (no hyperplasia) vs. 18 in the TAM subset. Conclusions: In a TEAM subprotocol, irreversible inactivation of aromatase by EXE resulted in significantly less endometrial proliferation than TAM during adjuvant therapy of receptor positive postmenopausal breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
HQK-1001 Is Well Tolerated and Augments Hemoglobin F and Hemoglobin Levels In Patients with Beta Thalassemia Intermedia
Authors: Suthat Fuchareon, Adlette C. Inati, Noppadol Siritanaratkul, Suzanne Koussa, Ali Taher, Michael S Boosalis, Swee Lay Thein, Wayne Wallis, Patrick Bobbitt, Audrey Thomson, Elsa Johnson, Ronald J Berenson, Susan P Perrine
Journal: Blood (2010)
Cost-effectiveness of adding information about common risk alleles to current decision models for breast cancer chemoprevention.
Authors: T. Dinh, L. Green, P. Alperin, D. Hinds, B. Walser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

6042 Background: Current guidelines from ASCO and the USPSTF recommend consideration of tamoxifen or other antiestrogen agents to reduce breast cancer risk in women with estimated 5-year risks > 1.66%. Although antiestrogen therapy significantly reduces the risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, currently available agents also increase the risk of serious adverse events including endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events. Use of information about common alleles associated with breast cancer risk, in addition to current models based on known clinical risks, may help better target therapy towards those women most likely to experience an overall benefit. Methods: We used a mathematical model to simulate a population of white women ages 40-69, who were at elevated risk for breast cancer due to a history of biopsy, over a 50-year time horizon. Each individual woman was assessed for clinical risk of breast cancer using the Gail model and genetic risk using a panel of seven common single nucleotide polymorphisms. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using the genetic risk together with clinical risk to determine eligibility for five years of tamoxifen therapy. Estimates of costs and utilities were based on the literature. Results: Assuming a price of $360 for genetic testing, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for combining the genetic risk together with the clinical risk for determination of eligibility of tamoxifen therapy was $3,900, $3,800, and $7,500 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, for women age 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69, respectively. The ICER of the genetic testing strategy remains below $30000 per QALY saved for a test price of $1000. Results were sensitive to assumptions about the utility of life after breast cancer. Conclusions: Adding information about common risk alleles to current decision models for breast cancer chemoprevention improves clinical outcomes and is cost-effective, with an ICER well below the benchmark number of $30,000 per QALY saved. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Archimedes, Perlegen Sciences Inc. Archimedes
A patient with primary right iliac carcinosarcoma who improved with chemo-radiation
Authors: Takefumi Mizutani, Ji Young Park, Akane Ryuge, Yoshikazu Kamiya, Hayato Sugimura, Naoto Mamiya, Michinari Ooba, Masahiro Yoshida, Eiichi Sasaki, Yasushi Yatabe
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Mechanism of the Development of a Stable Carrier System of L Cells With Polyoma Virus
Authors: P S Lombardi, P Balduzzi, J D Hare, H R Morgan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

A stable viral carrier state produced by polyoma virus (PV) infection of Earle's L929 cells was analyzed to determine the mechanism that controls viral replication and permits survival of infected cells. Apparently, heterogeneity of the cell population is not an important factor in the stability of the carrier cultures, because recently cloned populations exhibited stable relationships with the virus. Two early viral functions—T antigen production and stimulation of host cell DNA synthesis—failed to be expressed in most cells after infection. This suggested a block at some early step in viral development after penetration. Infection with PV DNA resulted in a productive infection, which indicates that the block was at the stage of uncoating. It is proposed that most L cells in the carrier population maintain a form of host control that limits the uncoating process at any given time. A few cells relinquish this control and produce virus to maintain the carrier state.
Managing FDG PET-positive sarcoidosis: “a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma”
Authors: Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra, Kotyal Umamaheshwarappa Vivek, Manoj Kumar Panigrahi, Sourin Bhuniya
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Vorselaars et al. [1] have shown infliximab, a monoclonal antibody against tumour necrosis factor (TNF), to be an effective agent in the treatment of refractory sarcoidosis. We put forth some issues that are worth discussing among scientific societies. Diagnosis and treatment of FDG PET-positive sarcoidosis with infliximab needs caution, especially in TB endemic areas <http://ow.ly/U0de5>
Endoscopic predictors of deep submucosal invasion in colorectal laterally spreading tumors
Authors: Masayoshi Yamada, Yutaka Saito, Taku Sakamoto, Takeshi Nakajima, Ryoji Kushima, Adolfo Parra-Blanco, Takahisa Matsuda
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

The depth of invasion of the bowel wall influences the treatment of colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and patterns of submucosal invasion in a large series of LSTs that were removed en bloc.Prospectively collected endoscopic and pathological data on a total of 822 LSTs, ≥ 10 mm in size and removed en block by endoscopic submucosal dissection (n = 670) or surgery (n = 152), were retrospectively analyzed.In 414 LSTs of the granular type, submucosal invasion was detected in 80 cases (19 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 16 - 23) and was deep (≥ 1000 μm) in 79 % of cases. The invasion site was under a large (≥ 10 mm) nodule (56 %), depression (28 %), or was multifocal (16 %). Risk factors for deep submucosal invasion on multivariate analysis were the presence of a large nodule (odds ratio [OR] 12, 95 %CI 2 - 59), depression (OR 59, 95 %CI 9 - 387), and invasive pit pattern (OR 33, 95 %CI 12 - 88). The sensitivity and specificity of invasive pit pattern for detection of deep submucosal invasion were 52 % (95 %CI 40 % - 64 %) and 98 % (95 %CI 96 % - 99 %), respectively.In 408 LSTs of the nongranular type, submucosal invasion was detected in 159 cases (39 %; 95 %CI 34 - 44) and was deep in 54 % of cases. The invasion site was under a submucosal mass-like elevation (10 %), depression (45 %), or was multifocal (45 %). Risk factors for deep submucosal invasion were the presence of a submucosal mass-like elevation (OR 8, 95 %CI 1 - 61), depression (OR 28, 95 %CI 8 - 97), and invasive pit pattern (OR 79, 95 %CI 25 - 256).Because of a substantial risk of submucosal invasion and multifocal invasion, granular type LSTs with a large nodule or depression and nongranular type LSTs should be endoscopically removed en bloc.
Calcium and Magnesium Use for Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy: A Case Study to Assess How Quickly Evidence Translates Into Practice
Authors: Deirdre R. Pachman, Kathryn Ruddy, Lindsey R. Sangaralingham, Axel Grothey, Nilay D. Shah, Andreas S. Beutler, Joleen M. Hubbard, Charles L. Loprinzi
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Substantial research efforts have focused on methods of treating and preventing oxaliplatin-associated neuropathy, the dose-limiting toxicity associated with this drug. Administration of intravenous calcium and magnesium (CaMg) before and after oxaliplatin has been the most studied approach to preventing oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. Although early reports demonstrated potential benefit, subsequent larger trials failed to confirm the efficacy of CaMg in preventing this adverse effect. This article explores how accumulating evidence for and against the use of CaMg for preventing oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy has impacted clinical practice.
Assessment of right ventricular overload in patients with chronic pulmonary disease by 12-lead electrocardiography, vectorcardiography, and body surface electrocardiographic mapping.
Authors: Kazue Ikeda, Keiji Takahashi, Shoji Yasui
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Twenty-eight patients with chronic pulmonary diseases were examined with standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), vectorcardiogram (VCG), and body surface ECG mapping (MAP). The electrocardiographic findings were compared with results of 99 mTc radionuclide right ventriculography or T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis between the electrocardiographic parameters and right ventricular ejection fraction, only the amplitude of the negative P wave in V2 (r=0.69), the posterior force of P loop in VCG (r=0.71), and the size of -2SD area at 50 msec QRS potential departure map (r=0.55) were selected as the parameters in standard ECG, VCG, and MAP, respectively. On the radionuclide ventriculography and myocardial scintigraphy, 14 patients were judged to have right ventricular overload. The criteria by VCG, and MAP had better sensitivity and specificity for right ventricle overload than those by 12-lead ECG. VCG criteria of Chou et al had sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 71%. MAP criteria, departure index of F3 or F4≤-2, had sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 79%. The electrocardiographic findings by standard 12-lead ECG, VCG and body surface ECG mapping are useful parameters for the non-invasive detection of right ventricular overload in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases.
Suppression by Serum-Blocking Cytosine Arabinoside of Factors of Cell-Mediated Immunity to Syngeneic Transplants of Mouse Mammary Tumors<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">1</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: G. H. Heppner, Ph.D., P. Calabresi, M.D.
 4
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) was used to selectively suppress the development of serum-blocking factor(s) (SBF) to cell-mediated immune responses (CMIR) to mammary tumor antigens in C3H/HeJ mice without suppression of CMIR itself. Low doses of ara-C (10–20 mg/kg/day), given on the first 5 days after implantation of a syngeneic tumor, suppressed SBF formation for 2–3 weeks, whereas CMIR was prolonged over that in control animals. Accordingly, tumor growth was retarded by about 2 weeks in the treated animals. Higher doses of ara-C (20–40 mg/kg/day) suppressed both SBF and CMIR. Tumors grew faster in these animals than in controls. Ara-C treatment had no effect on the growth of a subline of mammary tumor unable to induce CMIR. Thus, appropriate dosage of ara-C to animals bearing an immunogenic tumor can modify the balance between SBF and CMIR in favor of the latter, leading to suppression of tumor growth.
Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 activity reduces cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Liudmila Cebotaru, Qiangni Liu, Murali K. Yanda, Clement Boinot, Patricia Outeda, David L. Huso, Terry Watnick, William B. Guggino, Valeriu Cebotaru
Journal: Kidney International (2016)
Junior doctors warn NHS may lose newly qualified staff
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The NHS is in danger of losing hundreds of newly qualified doctors that it can ill afford to lose if it fails to guarantee the jobs of those trained under the flexible training scheme, junior doctors warned at their conference last week.

The flexible training scheme, which was set up five years ago to allow some junior doctors to work 40 hours a week rather than 72 hours, is in crisis, the conference heard. Unless emergency measures are implemented to save the scheme, hundreds of doctors will simply leave the health service and find alternative employment. About 5% of junior doctors work under this scheme.

A number of trusts were deliberately flouting the new pay deal, which was agreed last year, and were refusing to pay those training under the flexible scheme according to nationally agreed arrangements, said Dr Trevor Pickersgill, chairman of the Junior Doctors Committee. Others are refusing to take on new trainees under the scheme or give women their jobs back after maternity leave.
Abstract LB-375: Inactivation of the deubiquitinase USP44 is an early event in the formation of colorectal cancer
Authors: Mathew Sloane, Luke Hesson, Jason Wong, John Pimanda, Michael Bourke, Nick Hawkins, Robyn Ward
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from intraepithelial neoplasms known as adenomas. Genomic profiling of these premalignant lesions presents an opportunity to discover molecular changes that can lead to colorectal cancer. Some of the earliest changes are thought to be epigenetic, including hypermethylation of the promoters of key tumour suppressor genes. To identify such changes in colon cancer we performed whole genome DNA methylation profiling (MBD-Seq) on three adenomas and matched normal mucosa. We then validated epigenetic changes in a cohort of 105 adenomas using COBRA, bisulphite sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR. In each adenoma, we identified 1598, 556 and 331 promoter CpG islands respectively that were hypermethylated when compared with matched normal mucosa. Two of the three adenomas showed CpG island hypermethylation of the USP44 gene, a deubiquitinase previously shown to affect mitotic progression by deubiquitinating Cdc20, a regulator of the Anaphase Promoting Complex. In the absence of USP44, cells prematurely enter anaphase resulting in accelerated mitotic progression. Using COBRA and bisulphite sequencing we show that hypermethylation of USP44 occurred in 100% of 18 CRC cell lines, 79% of 105 adenomas, but in only 10% of 45 matched normal mucosa. In adenomas, USP44 hypermethylation correlated with a &amp;gt;2-fold decrease in gene expression. Reduced expression has also been reported in glioblastoma, B-ALL, breast, colorectal, esophageal, kidney and testicular cancer. We show that treatment of four CRC cell lines with the DNA demethylating agent 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5azaDC) resulted in a 10-250 fold increase in USP44 expression. In summary, we show that epigenetic inactivation of the deubiquitinase USP44 is a frequent and early event in the formation of colon cancer. Taken together with reports that USP44 expression is reduced in a range of solid organ and haematological malignancies, we propose that epigenetic inactivation of this gene may represent an important yet hitherto unrecognized event in tumour formation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-375. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-375
Metastatic Thyroid Cancer Visualized on Technetium Pertechnetate and Iodine-131 Scintigraphy
Authors: NARESH VERMA, SURJIT SINGH-WADHWA, OTILIO M. ARVELA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

VERMA, NARESH M.B.B.S.; SINGH-WADHWA, SURJIT F.R.A.C.P., AND; ARVELA, OTILIO M. F.R.A.C.P. Author Information
Abstract 2095: The functional significance of microRNA-145 in prostate cancer
Authors: Mohd S. Zaman, Guoren Deng, Varahram Shahryari, Seong O. Suh, Yi Chen, Yuichiro Tanaka, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in numerous cellular processes including development, proliferation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated aberrant expression of miRNAs in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. miRNAs microarray data, showed that miR-145 is down-regulated in prostate cancer. Therefore, we investigated the expression and functional significance of miR-145 in prostate cancer. The expression of miR-145 was found to be low in all of the prostate cell lines tested (PC3, LNCaP and DU145). The level of miR-145 expression in adjacent normal regions was found to be significantly higher as compared to the matched cancerous regions. Over expression of miR-145 in PC3 transfected cells resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis and an increase in cells in the G2/M phase, as detected by flow cytometry. Our results also show that methylation of the promoter region of miR-145 in cell lines and carcinoma samples as one of the reasons for its low expression. To identify potential targets for miR-145, we performed microarray analyses in miR-145 over-expressing PC3 cells and observed up regulation of the pro apoptotic gene TNFsf10 which was confirmed by real-time PCR and Western analysis. This is the first report to show that miR-145 acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Since a major target for miR-145 is the pro apoptotic TNFsf10 gene, modulation of miR-145 may provide a therapeutic approach for the management of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2095.