tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Centrally Mediated Effects of Cardiac Drugs: Strophanthin-K, Quinidine and Procaine Amide
Authors: S. J. WEINBERG, THOMAS J. HALEY
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The extra-cardiac sites of action of strophanthin-K, quinidine and procaine amide have been investigated by injection of varying doses into the third ventricle of unanesthetized dogs. A profuse autonomic nervous system discharge was produced. Strophanthin-K produced a paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia resulting in death by ventricular fibrillation. Such effects could be blocked by prior intraventricular injection of either quinidine or procaine amide or by intravenous administration of hexamethonium.
Krüppel-like zinc-finger transcription factor KLF5/BTEB2 is a target for angiotensin II signaling and an essential regulator of cardiovascular remodeling
Authors: Takayuki Shindo, Ichiro Manabe, Yasushi Fukushima, Kazuyuki Tobe, Kenichi Aizawa, Saku Miyamoto, Keiko Kawai-Kowase, Nobuo Moriyama, Yasushi Imai, Hayato Kawakami, Hiroaki Nishimatsu, Takashi Ishikawa, Toru Suzuki, Hiroyuki Morita, Koji Maemura, Masataka Sata, Yasunobu Hirata, Masayuki Komukai, Hiroyuki Kagechika, Takashi Kadowaki, Masahiko Kurabayashi, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
The role of adjunctive balloon dilatation in directional coronary atherectomy without subintimal resection
Authors: H. Tamal, T. Suzuki, O. Kalo, T. Fujita, K. Ueno, S. Takase, K. Fujii, T. Aizawa, H. Kurogane, M. Kijima, H. Oda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Resistance to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs: impact on multidrug-resistant TB outcomes
Authors: Dennis Falzon, Neel Gandhi, Giovanni B. Migliori, Giovanni Sotgiu, Helen S. Cox, Timothy H. Holtz, Maria-Graciela Hollm-Delgado, Salmaan Keshavjee, Kathryn DeRiemer, Rosella Centis, Lia D'Ambrosio, Christoph G. Lange, Melissa Bauer, Dick Menzies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

A meta-analysis for response to treatment was undertaken using individual data of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin) patients from 26 centres. The analysis assessed the impact of additional resistance to fluoroquinolones and/or second-line injectable drugs on treatment outcome. Compared with treatment failure, relapse and death, treatment success was higher in MDR-TB patients infected with strains without additional resistance (n=4763; 64%, 95% CI 57–72%) or with resistance to second-line injectable drugs only (n=1130; 56%, 95% CI 45–66%), than in those having resistance to fluoroquinolones alone (n=426; 48%, 95% CI 36–60%) or to fluoroquinolones plus second-line injectable drugs (extensively drug resistant (XDR)-TB) (n=405; 40%, 95% CI 27–53%). In XDR-TB patients, treatment success was highest if at least six drugs were used in the intensive phase (adjusted OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.4–16.6; reference fewer than three drugs) and four in the continuation phase (OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.4–26.3). The odds of success in XDR-TB patients was maximised when the intensive phase reached 6.6–9.0 months duration and the total duration of treatment 20.1–25.0 months. In XDR-TB patients, regimens containing more drugs than those recommended in MDR-TB but given for a similar duration were associated with the highest odds of success. All data were from observational studies and methodologies varied between centres, therefore, the bias may be substantial. Better quality evidence is needed to optimise regimens.
Dose escalation of CPT-11 in combination with oxaliplatin using an every two weeks schedule: A phase I study in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients
Authors: F Goldwasser, M Gross-Goupil, J M Tigaud, M Di Palma, J Marceau-Suissa, E Wasserman, A Yovine, J L Misset, E Cvitkovic
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Prevalence of Diabetes and High Risk for Diabetes Using A1C Criteria in the U.S. Population in 1988–2006
Authors: Catherine C. Cowie, Keith F. Rust, Danita D. Byrd-Holt, Edward W. Gregg, Earl S. Ford, Linda S. Geiss, Kathleen E. Bainbridge, Judith E. Fradkin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE We examined prevalences of previously diagnosed diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes and high risk for diabetes using recently suggested A1C criteria in the U.S. during 2003–2006. We compared these prevalences to those in earlier surveys and those using glucose criteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 2003–2006, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey included a probability sample of 14,611 individuals aged ≥12 years. Participants were classified on glycemic status by interview for diagnosed diabetes and by A1C, fasting, and 2-h glucose challenge values measured in subsamples. RESULTS Using A1C criteria, the crude prevalence of total diabetes in adults aged ≥20 years was 9.6% (20.4 million), of which 19.0% was undiagnosed (7.8% diagnosed, 1.8% undiagnosed using A1C ≥6.5%). Another 3.5% of adults (7.4 million) were at high risk for diabetes (A1C 6.0 to &amp;lt;6.5%). Prevalences were disproportionately high in the elderly. Age-/sex-standardized prevalence was more than two times higher in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans versus non-Hispanic whites for diagnosed, undiagnosed, and total diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.003); standardized prevalence at high risk for diabetes was more than two times higher in non-Hispanic blacks versus non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans (P &amp;lt; 0.00001). Since 1988–1994, diagnosed diabetes generally increased, while the percent of diabetes that was undiagnosed and the percent at high risk of diabetes generally decreased. Using A1C criteria, prevalences of undiagnosed diabetes and high risk of diabetes were one-third that and one-tenth that, respectively, using glucose criteria. CONCLUSIONS Although A1C detects much lower prevalences than glucose criteria, hyperglycemic conditions remain high in the U.S., and elderly and minority groups are disproportionately affected.
Effect of intravenous prolactin infusion on arterial blood pressure in rabbits
Authors: D. F. HORROBIN, M. S. MANKU, P. G. BURSTYN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Journal Article Effect of intravenous prolactin infusion on arterial blood pressure in rabbits Get access D. F. HORROBIN, D. F. HORROBIN 2 From the Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya 2Present address: Department of Physiology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. S. MANKU, M. S. MANKU From the Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. G. BURSTYN P. G. BURSTYN From the Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, September 1973, Pages 585–587, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/7.5.585 Published: 01 September 1973
STUDIES ON THE INACTIVATION OF VACCINE VIRUS AND THE ACTION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES UPON THE INFECTING POWER OF THE INACTIVATED VIRUS
Authors: F. Duran Reynals
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

Vaccine virus, obtained from testicular inoculation shows a high susceptibility to chloroform as compared with ether, toluene, 95 per cent alcohol and acetone. Vaccine virus, after treatment with an amount of chloroform sufficient to render it incapable or only barely capable of originating an eruption in the rabbit's skin, produces a characteristic eruption when injected with the supernatant fluid of embryonic tissue or sarcoma tissue "cultures" or kieselguhr, substances all of which are markedly irritative to the rabbit's skin. Reactivation of the chloroformed vaccine virus is not possible when chloroform has been added to it in such quantity that the injection of large amounts of the treated virus fails to cause an eruption. Whenever reactivation has been accomplished it has been possible to get a vaccine eruption of greater or less intensity by the injection of large amounts of the chloroformed vaccine alone. Embryo and chicken sarcoma "culture" fluids when injected intradermally make the skin susceptible to the localization of the virus introduced intravenously. The bearing of these experiment on the interpretation of Gye' theory of cancer causation is discussed.
Ventilation heterogeneity in the acinar and conductive zones of the normal ageing lung
Authors: Sylvia Verbanck, Bruce R Thompson, Daniel Schuermans, Harpal Kalsi, Martyn Biddiscombe, Chris Stuart-Andrews, Shane Hanon, Alain Van Muylem, Manuel Paiva, Walter Vincken, Omar Usmani
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Small airways function studies in lung disease have used three promising multiple breath washout (MBW) derived indices: indices of ventilation heterogeneity in the acinar (S(acin)) and conductive (S(cond)) lung zones, and the lung clearance index (LCI). Since peripheral lung structure is known to change with age, ventilation heterogeneity is expected to be affected too. However, the age dependence of the MBW indices of ventilation heterogeneity in the normal lung is unknown.The authors systematically investigated S(acin), S(cond) or LCI as a function of age, testing also the robustness of these relationships across two laboratories.MBW tests were performed by never-smokers (50% men) in the age range 25-65 years, with data gathered across two laboratories (n=120 and n=60). For comparison with the literature, the phase III slopes from classical single breath washout tests were also acquired in one group (n=120).All three MBW indices consistently increased with age, representing a steady worsening of ventilation heterogeneity in the age range 25-65. Age explained 7-16% of the variability in S(acin) and S(cond) and 36% of the variability in LCI. There was a small but significant gender difference only for S(acin). Classical single breath washout phase III slopes also showed age dependencies, with gender effects depending on the normalisation method used.With respect to the clinical response, age is a small but consistent effect that needs to be factored in when using the MBW indices for the detection of small airways abnormality in disease.
Points: Vibration threshold and age
Authors: R J Jarrett
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Mr Richard Earlam has provided us with a clear exposition of the current mismanagement of oesophageal carcinoma in a regional hospital service (23 June, p 1892).Most doctors would agree that at presentation most cases of oesophageal carcinoma are incurable.'The aim of any treatment, therefore, is effective palliation-that is, relief of dysphagia-with consequent low morbidity and mortality.2The treatment statistics detailed by Mr Earlam clearly show that this goal is not being achieved in the North East Thames region.It is likely that the hospital management of oesophageal carcinoma will improve only when all patients with this condition are urgently referred to multidisciplinary teams established in regional specialist centres.
Hydrogen peroxide from cellular metabolism of cystine. A requirement for lysis of murine tumor cells by vernolepin, a glutathione-depleting antineoplastic.
Authors: B A Arrick, W Griffo, Z Cohn, C Nathan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The sesquiterpene lactone antineoplastic vernolepin acutely depletes murine tumor cell glutathione (GSH), and lyses the cells by an unknown mechanism that is enhanced synergistically by inhibition of GSH synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) (Arrick et al. 1983. J. Clin. Invest. 71:258). We found here that lysis of P815 mastocytoma cells by vernolepin, with or without BSO, required cystine in the culture medium. Addition of catalase markedly suppressed vernolepin-mediated cytolysis in cystine-containing media, suggesting the involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the cytolytic action of vernolepin. Consistent with this, inhibition of tumor cell glutathione disulfide reductase with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea or inhibition of endogenous catalase with aminotriazole synergistically augmented cytolysis by vernolepin. Moreover, H2O2 was released by suspensions of P815 cells in cystine-containing buffer (63 pmol/10(6) cells X h). Omission of cystine reduced the rate of H2O2 accumulation 10-fold. No H2O2 was detected without cells. Cytolysis by vernolepin could be restored in cystine-deficient medium by several other disulfides, themselves noncytolytic, such as disulfiram and oxidized Captopril, as well as by cysteine. In contrast, withholding two other essential amino acids (leucine or tryptophan) or adding cycloheximide did not interfere with cytolysis by vernolepin. These results suggest that cellular uptake of disulfides of physiologic and pharmacologic interest may be followed by their intracellular reduction and autooxidation with generation of H2O2. This previously unrecognized source of intracellular oxidant stress may be an important component of injury to GSH-depleted cells.
In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Polymer-Linked Methotrexate Derivatives on Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase and Murine L5178Y Cells.
Authors: W P Fung, M Przybylski, H Ringsdorf, D S Zaharko
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

In vitro studies were made on four synthetic polymeric derivatives of the antitumor agent methotrexate (MTX): 1) divinylether-maleic anhydrlde-MTX (DIVEMA-MTX), 2) poly-L-lysine-MTX (PL-MTX), 3) polyethylenelmlne-MTX (PEI-MTX), and 4) carboxymethyl cellulose-MTX (CMC-MTX). They were tested for their ability to inhibit tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (dihydrofolate reductase). Their growth inhibition of murine L5178Y leukemia cells was also studied. Two of these polymers, DIVEMA-MTX and PEI-MTX, had similar or only slightly reduced activity compared to equivalent concentrations of MTX, whereas PL-MTX and CMC-MTX had significantly higher (1–3 logs) minimal inhibitory concentrations.
Increased expression of hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases 2 and 4 in young and middle-aged Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats: induction by elevated levels of free fatty acids
Authors: Gustavo Bajotto, Taro Murakami, Masaru Nagasaki, Bolin Qin, Yoshiyuki Matsuo, Ken Maeda, Masayo Ohashi, Yoshiharu Oshida, Yuzo Sato, Yoshiharu Shimomura
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Resistance to Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Therapy in Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors
Authors: Vivek Subbiah, Jonathan C. Trent, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

that described three patients who responded totherapy inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).We present a case of a 58-year-old woman with metastatic perivascu-lar epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) who did not respond to anmTOR inhibitor. She presented to her primary physician with a 17 13.5 9.5cmmassinherlateralrightupperquadrant.Sheunderwentsurgicalresectionofthemass,whichappearedtoariseintheretroperi-toneum above the right kidney. The pathology was reviewed by pa-thologists at The University of Nebraska Medical Center and atBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School (by one ofthe coauthors of the study
Polyamines, nitric oxide and cyclic GMP mediate stimulation of DNA synthesis by tumor necrosis factor and lipopolysaccharide in chick embryo cardiomyocytes
Authors: E. Giordano, B. Tantini, F. Flamigni, C. Pignatti, C. Stefanelli, M. Fattori, A. Facchini, C. Clo', C.M. Caldarera, C. Guarnieri
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Medical Specialization and World Health Needs
Authors: E. Croft Long
Journal: JAMA (1971)

According to the 1966 data, there were some 15,000 foreign medical graduates in postgraduate training programs in the United States. Of those in residencies, 22% were in the field of surgery, 17% in internal medicine, 10% in pediatrics. Three percent were in general practice-type programs and 48% in other specialties. About 80% of these doctors came from countries in receipt of direct US Foreign Aid and which may be said to be "developing" rather than "developed." Other foreign medical graduates were studying in programs in Canada, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Scandinavia, and Israel. We should ask ourselves what the outcome of this level of activity is likely to be and what effects will come about when all these young doctors have completed their studies and if they return to their own countries. The subject is of double importance to the developing world because not only are the best medical graduates
Perspectives, Preferences, Care Practices, and Outcomes Among Older and Middle-Aged Patients With Late-Stage Cancer
Authors: Julia Hannum Rose, Elizabeth E. O'Toole, Neal V. Dawson, Renee Lawrence, Diana Gurley, Charles Thomas, Mary Beth Hamel, Harvey J. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose To evaluate relationships among physician and cancer patient survival estimates, patients' perceived quality of life, care preferences, and outcomes, and how they vary across middle-aged and older patient groups. Patients and Methods Subjects were from the Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT) prospective cohort studied in five US teaching hospitals (from 1989 to 1994), and included 720 middle-aged (45 to 64 years) and 696 older (≥ 65 years) patients receiving care for advanced cancer. Perspectives were assessed in physician and patient/surrogate interviews; care practices and outcomes were determined from hospital records and the National Death Index. General linear models were used within age groups to obtain adjusted estimates. Results Although most patients had treatment goals to relieve pain, treatment preferences and care practices were linked only in the older group. For older patients, preference for life-extending treatment was associated with more therapeutic interventions and more documented discussions; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) preference was linked to more therapeutic interventions and longer survival. For middle-aged patients, better perceived quality of life was associated with preferring CPR. In both groups, patients' higher survival estimates were associated with preferences for life-prolonging treatment and CPR; physicians' higher survival estimates were associated with patients' preferences for CPR, fewer documented treatment limitation discussions about care, and actual 6-month survival. More discussions were associated with readmissions and earlier death. More aggressive care was not related to outcomes. Conclusion Fewer older patients preferred CPR or life-prolonging treatments. Although older patients’ goals for aggressive treatment were related to care, this was not so for middle-aged patients. Aggressive care was not related to prolonged life in either group.
Portal and systemic haemodynamic response to acute and chronic administration of low and high dose isosorbide-5-mononitrate in patients with cirrhosis.
Authors: A L Jones, I H Bangash, J Walker, K J Simpson, N D Finlayson, P C Hayes
Journal: Gut (1995)

Oral isosorbide-5-mononitrate (Is-5-Mn) was given in doses of 10 and 40 mg acutely and chronically (twice daily for four weeks), allowing a nitrate free interval to 25 patients with cirrhosis. Both 10 mg and 40 mg Is-5-Mn reduced the hepatic venous pressure gradient acutely and chronically, without evidence of tolerance. This was achieved by a reduction in the wedged hepatic venous pressure. The effect on mean azygos blood flow was variable with no significant mean change seen acutely or after chronic use with either dose. The variability was dependent not on the dose used but on the initial azygos flow; the flow in patients with initially low values increased and those with high azygos flows decreased after nitrate challenge. The development of the porto-collateral flow seems an important parameter in predicting haemodynamic response to Is-5-Mn.
Genetic Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas: Edited by P Durie, et al. Basle: Karger, 2002, b/w, pp 155. ISBN 3-8055-7411 8
Authors: D Fine
Journal: Gut (2003)

This multiauthor work, derived from a symposium held in April 2001, summarises our current knowledge of the genetics of exocrine pancreatic disease. As is usual with such publications, the individual chapters have been written as free standing presentations which results in a degree of repetition. The editors have grouped the chapters into sections; a “consensus conference” dealing with ethical issues and with guidelines for prevention, screening, and treatment is followed by sections on hereditary pancreatitis (HP), pancreatic cancer, and cystic fibrosis. Finally, there is a conference report and a monograph celebrating the work of Henry Lynch of the eponymous cancer syndromes.

The first section will be of the most practical interest to general gastroenterologists. Gastrointestinal physicians and surgeons should already be aware of the ethics of screening from more …
<i>Nr5a2</i>heterozygosity sensitises to, and cooperates with, inflammation in<i>KRas<sup>G12V</sup>-</i>driven pancreatic tumourigenesis
Authors: Marta Flandez, Jaroslaw Cendrowski, Marta Cañamero, Antonio Salas, Natalia del Pozo, Kristina Schoonjans, Francisco X Real
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Nr5a2 participates in biliary acid metabolism and is a major regulator of the pancreatic exocrine programme. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vicinity of <i>NR5A2</i> are associated with the risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). <h3>Aims</h3> To determine the role of Nr5a2 in pancreatic homeostasis, damage-induced regeneration and mutant <i>KRas</i>-driven pancreatic tumourigenesis. <h3>Design</h3> <i>Nr5a2</i><sup>+/−</sup> and <i>KRas<sup>G12V</sup>;Ptf1a-Cre;Nr5a2</i><sup>+/−</sup> mice were used to investigate whether a full dose of Nr5a2 is required for normal pancreas development, recovery from caerulein-induced pancreatitis, and protection from tumour development. <h3>Results</h3> Adult <i>Nr5a2</i><sup>+/−</sup> mice did not display histological abnormalities in the pancreas but showed a more severe acute pancreatitis, increased acino-ductal metaplasia and impaired recovery from damage. This was accompanied by increased myeloid cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, and hyperactivation of nuclear factor κb and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signalling pathways. Induction of multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis was associated with more severe damage and delayed regeneration. Inactivation of one <i>Nr5a2</i> allele selectively in pancreatic epithelial cells was sufficient to cause impaired recovery from pancreatitis. In comparison with <i>Nr5a2</i><sup>+/+</sup> mice, <i>KRas<sup>G12V</sup>;Ptf1a<sup>Cre/+</sup>;Nr5a2</i><sup>+/−</sup> mice showed a non-statistically significant increase in the area affected by preneoplastic lesions. However, a single episode of acute pancreatitis cooperated with loss of one <i>Nr5a2</i> allele to accelerate <i>KRas<sup>G12V</sup>-</i>driven development of preneoplastic lesions. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A full Nr5a2 dose is required to restore pancreatic homeostasis upon damage and to suppress the <i>KRas<sup>G12V</sup>-</i>driven mouse pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia progression, indicating that <i>Nr5a2</i> is a novel pancreatic tumour suppressor. Nr5a2 could contribute to PDAC through a role in the recovery from pancreatitis-induced damage.