tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in distinct species of 1,2-diacylglycerol in cardiac hypertrophy due to energy metabolic disorder
Authors: Y Saburi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

The juvenile visceral steatosis (JVS) mouse, a genetic model of systemic carnitine deficiency resulting from carnitine transport mutation, develops cardiac hypertrophy. We determined two putative lipid messengers, 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide, in JVS and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) inhibitor etomoxir-treated mice because these lipids function as co-messengers in the myocardium via modification of protein kinase C activity.JVS mice were evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks of age. The effect of long-term etomoxir treatment (45 mg/day) (ET) on mice was investigated in control mice from 4 to 8 weeks of age. As a model of inhibited cardiac hypertrophy, carnitine-treated JVS (CT) mice were produced. Myocardial DAG and ceramide levels and their fatty acid composition were measured.The heart/body weight ratio increased by 100% in JVS mice compared with that in controls, while that of CT mice was normalized in comparison with controls at 8 weeks of age. DAG markedly increased in both JVS and ET mice compared with that in controls (1,677+/-84, 1,258+/-49, and 585+/-58 ng/dry wt, respectively; P<0.01 for controls versus JVS or ET mice), whereas it was decreased significantly in CT mice compared with that in JVS mice (1,066+/-54 ng/dry wt, P<0.01). Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of DAG was similar in JVS and ET mice; in particular, 18:1 and 18:2 were significantly elevated in the myocardium (P<0.01 versus controls). On the other hand, that of DAG in CT mice was similar to that of the control group. In contrast, no difference was observed in myocardial ceramide levels among the groups.Pharmacological intervention with etomoxir mimics changes in the lipid second messenger characteristic of genetic JVS mice. The results suggest that the increases in distinct DAG species might be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy as a result of disorder of fatty acid transport.
3D Biofabrication Strategies for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Piyush Bajaj, Ryan M. Schweller, Ali Khademhosseini, Jennifer L. West, Rashid Bashir
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2014)

Over the past several decades, there has been an ever-increasing demand for organ transplants. However, there is a severe shortage of donor organs, and as a result of the increasing demand, the gap between supply and demand continues to widen. A potential solution to this problem is to grow or fabricate organs using biomaterial scaffolds and a person's own cells. Although the realization of this solution has been limited, the development of new biofabrication approaches has made it more realistic. This review provides an overview of natural and synthetic biomaterials that have been used for organ/tissue development. It then discusses past and current biofabrication techniques, with a brief explanation of the state of the art. Finally, the review highlights the need for combining vascularization strategies with current biofabrication techniques. Given the multitude of applications of biofabrication technologies, from organ/tissue development to drug discovery/screening to development of complex in vitro models of human diseases, these manufacturing technologies can have a significant impact on the future of medicine and health care.
Approaches to assessing genetic risks from exposure to chemicals.
Authors: F H Sobels
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

An effort to assess and quantify genetic risks from human exposure to mutagenic chemicals is urgently needed; otherwise genetic toxicology may well lose its credibility. Genetic biomonitoring provides us with an indication of mutagenic effectiveness in human somatic cells. The populations and chemicals selected for such studies form a useful database for genetic risk-assessment studies. Extrapolation to what can be expected in germ cells of exposed individuals should be possible by using good dosimetry (adducts) and a parallelogram approach. The principle is that genetic damage in the inaccessible human germ cells can be estimated by determining the effects on lymphocytes (or other somatic cells) from humans and mice and in germ cells of mice. Worldwide, opportunities for the costly mouse germ cell studies are limited. Knowledge of type of DNA adducts, their persistence and/or removal and dominant lethal studies, will be helpful in predicting stage sensitivity. Extrapolation from a lowest effective dose level is proposed. The available data for ethylene oxide and benzene are reviewed. The risk of heritable translocations in progeny of populations exposed to ethylene oxide is so high that more precise estimates seem desirable. In discussing the expression of the induced mutations, the importance of dominant mutations and of heterozygous effects of deletions and other recessives is pointed out. The molecular changes underlying dominant mutations in man are more limited than is the case for recessive mutations. This raises the question whether mutagenic agents can produce the specific changes leading to recoverable, dominant mutations. Extrapolation from increased mutation rates to predictable increases of human disease, whether by doubling dose or direct methods, have been criticized.
Oedema, a rare adverse reaction to etretinate(Tigason)
Authors: J. LAUHARANTA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Oedema, a rare adverse reaction to etretinate(Tigason) Get access J. LAUHARANTA J. LAUHARANTA Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Snellmaninkatu 14, SF‐00170 Helsinki 17, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 106, Issue 2, 1 February 1982, Page 251, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00938.x Published: 01 February 1982
Complete dynamic repopulation of decellularized heart valves by application of defined physical signals—an in vitro study
Authors: K Schenke-Layland
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Cardiovascular tissue engineering is a novel concept to develop ideal heart valve substitutes. The objective of this study was to use decellularized porcine pulmonary valves, ovine cells and dynamic tissue culture to obtain viable and biomechanically stable constructs, resembling native aortic heart valves. Methods: Endothelial cells and myofibroblasts were obtained from ovine carotid arteries. Porcine pulmonary valves were decellularized enzymatically, reseeded and cultured using a hydrodynamic bioreactor system over a time period of 9 or 16 days. Controls were grown over an equivalent time period under static conditions. Specimens of each valve were examined biochemically (cell proliferation, DNA, collagen, 4-hydroxyproline, elastin and glycosaminoglycans), histologically (hematoxylin–eosin, Movat-pentachrome and immunostains) and mechanically (radial and circumferential strength). Results: Histology and biochemical assays demonstrated the removal of almost all cells after decellularization with preservation of the extracellular matrix. Recellularization under pulsatile conditions was significantly improved after 9 and 16 days compared to static conditions. Biochemical and mechanical analysis revealed a continuous increase of cell mass, collagen and elastin contents and strength under pulsatile culture conditions compared to significantly lower values in the static controls. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the superiority of the hydrodynamic approach of cellular reseeding to replace decellularized porcine heart valves with ovine cells with almost complete preservation of extracellular matrix integrity.
Advanced techniques in abdominal surgery.
Authors: J R Monson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Almost every abdominal organ is now amenable to laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is a routine procedure which also permits identification of other conditions initially confused with an inflamed appendix. However, assessment of appendiceal inflammation is more difficult. Almost all colonic procedures can be performed laparoscopically, at least partly, though resection for colonic cancer is still controversial. For simple patch repair of perforated duodenal ulcers laparoscopy is ideal, and inguinal groin hernia can be repaired satisfactorily with a patch of synthetic mesh. Many upper abdominal procedures, however, still take more time than the open operations. These techniques reduce postoperative pain and the incidence of wound infections and allow a much earlier return to normal activity compared with open surgery. They have also brought new disciplines: surgeons must learn different hand-eye coordination, meticulous haemostasis is needed to maintain picture quality, and delivery of specimens may be problematic. The widespread introduction of laparoscopic techniques has emphasised the need for adequate training (operations that were straight-forward open procedures may require considerable laparoscopic expertise) and has raised questions about trainee surgeons acquiring adequate experience of open procedures.
Endothelial Thermotolerance Impairs Nanoparticle Transport in Tumors
Authors: Alexander F. Bagley, Ruth Scherz-Shouval, Peter A. Galie, Angela Q. Zhang, Jeffrey Wyckoff, Luke Whitesell, Christopher S. Chen, Susan Lindquist, Sangeeta N. Bhatia
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

The delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to solid tumors is limited by physical transport barriers within tumors, and such restrictions directly contribute to decreased therapeutic efficacy and the emergence of drug resistance. Nanomaterials designed to perturb the local tumor environment with precise spatiotemporal control have demonstrated potential to enhance drug delivery in preclinical models. Here, we investigated the ability of one class of heat-generating nanomaterials called plasmonic nanoantennae to enhance tumor transport in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer. We observed a temperature-dependent increase in the transport of diagnostic nanoparticles into tumors. However, a transient, reversible reduction in this enhanced transport was seen upon reexposure to heating, consistent with the development of vascular thermotolerance. Harnessing these observations, we designed an improved treatment protocol combining plasmonic nanoantennae with diffusion-limited chemotherapies. Using a microfluidic endothelial model and genetic tools to inhibit the heat-shock response, we found that the ability of thermal preconditioning to limit heat-induced cytoskeletal disruption is an important component of vascular thermotolerance. This work, therefore, highlights the clinical relevance of cellular adaptations to nanomaterials and identifies molecular pathways whose modulation could improve the exposure of tumors to therapeutic agents.
Spontaneous arthritis is protective for the development of aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice
Authors: S. Rose, H. Perlman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Inflammatory arthritides, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), are chronic debilitating disorders characterised by reduced life expectancy. The shortened lifespan in RA is largely due to cardiovascular disease. Alarmingly, premature atherosclerosis is already evident in children with JIA. Representative animal models of this phenomenon are lacking. Thus, the overall goal of this project is to establish a novel model of atherosclerosis in animals that are predisposed toward spontaneous arthritis, that is, the ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>.K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> mouse. The ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mouse is susceptible to spontaneous atherosclerosis, which can be exacerbated by feeding a high fat “western” diet. The K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> mouse expresses a transgenic T cell receptor (KRN) and a MHC Class II Allele (A<sup>g7</sup>) that predisposes toward severe, spontaneous and persistent arthritis. Crossbreeding the ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> and K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> strains should generate mice that are inherently susceptible to both atherosclerosis and arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>.K/BxA<sup>g7</sup>, K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> and ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> control animals were assessed for the development of arthritis weekly, beginning at 4 weeks of age. Serial measurements of joint width (mm), clinical inflammation score (0–3 scale, 4 paws) and a novel clinical joint destruction index (0–40 scale, paw joints, wrists, ankles) were obtained. To assess atherosclerosis, aortic and carotid arteries from 21 to 23-week-old mice were stained with Sudan IV. Atherosclerotic lesions were quantitated using Image-Pro morphometric analysis, with lesion area normalised to total aortic area (aortic sinus to iliac bifurcation) or total common carotid artery area. <h3>Results</h3> All three measures of arthritis were significantly greater in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>. K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> and K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> animals compared to ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> controls (p&lt;0.001). The onset and severity of arthritis was similar in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>. K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> and K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> controls. Aortic atherosclerosis was &gt;5-fold lower in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>.K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> animals compared to ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice (p &lt; 0.05), whereas carotid atherosclerosis was similar between the two groups. Data regarding the effect of arthritis on the development of diet-inducible atherosclerosis in this model is forthcoming. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results suggest that ApoE deficiency does not affect the onset or severity of arthritis in the K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> model of spontaneous arthritis. Arthritis does not exacerbate, and may in fact be protective for the development of aortic atherosclerosis in these animals. Furthermore, this effect may be regional in nature, as demonstrated by similar carotid plaque area, but less aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>.K/BxA<sup>g7</sup> animals compared to ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> controls.
Some Aspects of Language Processing Revealed Through the Analysis of Acquired Aphasia: The Lexical System
Authors: A Caramazza
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1988)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
GASTRIC VOLVULUS: A CASE REPORT OF ORGANO-AXIAL VOLVULUS WITH RECOVERY
Authors: F P KING, W H BELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1958)

Case Reports1 March 1958GASTRIC VOLVULUS: A CASE REPORT OF ORGANO-AXIAL VOLVULUS WITH RECOVERYFRANCIS P. KING, M.D., WILLIAM H. BELL JR., M.D.FRANCIS P. KING, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM H. BELL JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-48-3-676 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGastric volvulus is generally considered to be a rare condition and is infrequently reported, although it was described by Berti as early as 1866.1It occurs with sufficient frequency, however, that it should not be overlooked as a possible explanation for acute, intermittent or chronic upper abdominal symptoms, especially with gastric obstruction in the presence of hiatus hernia. The diagnosis may be difficult, and requires both clinical and roentgenologic evidence, but in many cases the findings may be typical and the diagnosis easily made if gastric volvulus is considered. Early diagnosis is essential in those cases presenting as an acute...Bibliography1. Berti : Singolare attortigliamento dell'esofago col duodeno seguito do rapida morte, Gazz. med. ital. 9: 139, 1866. Google Scholar2. GottliebLeffertsBeranbaum CDSL: Gastric volvulus, Am. J. Roentgenol., Rad. Therap. and Nucl. Med. 72: 609-615, 1954. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. SawyerHammerFenton KORWWC: Gastric volvulus as a cause of obstruction, Arch. Surg. 72: 764-772, 1956. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. Von Haberer H: Volvulus des Magens bei Carcinom, Deutsche Ztschr. f. Chir. 115: 497, 1912. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. Singleton AC: Chronic gastric volvulus, Radiology 34: 53-61, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. WestFloyd JPVT: Volvulus of the stomach, Am. J. Surg. 86: 112, 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. RitvoShauffer MIA: X-ray diagnosis, 1952, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 299-304. Google Scholar8. Bolber N: Partial gastric volvulus, Northwest Med. 33: 30-31, 1954. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New Bern, North Carolina*Received for publication October 23, 1956.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Francis P. King, M.D., 509 Middle Street, New Bern, North Carolina. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1958Volume 48, Issue 3Page: 676-685KeywordsAsphyxiaGastroenterology and hepatologyHerniaIngestionStenosisThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1958 PDF downloadLoading ...
The link between child abuse and psychopathology: A review of neurobiological and genetic research
Authors: Eamon McCrory, Stephane A De Brito, Essi Viding
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

Childhood abuse is associated with later psychopathology, including conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, anxiety and depression as well as a heightened risk of health and social problems. However, the neurobiological mechanisms by which childhood adversity increases vulnerability to psychopathology remain poorly understood. There is likely to be a complex interaction between environmental experiences (such as abuse) and individual differences in risk versus protective genes, which influences the neurobiological circuitry underpinning psychological and emotional development. Neuroendocrine studies indicate an association between early adversity and atypical development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress response, which may predispose to psychiatric vulnerability in adulthood. Brain imaging research in children and adults is providing evidence of several structural and functional brain differences associated with early adversity. Structural differences have been reported in the corpus callosum, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex. Functional differences have been reported in regions implicated in emotional and behavioural regulation, including the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex. These differences at the neurobiological level may represent adaptations to early experiences of heightened stress that lead to an increased risk of psychopathology. We also consider the clinical implications of future neurobiological and genetic research.
PWE-082 Are screen tested FOBt +ve subjects found to have colorectal cancer asymptomatic?: Abstract PWE-082 Table 1
Authors: H A Griffiths, I Fretwell, C Nickerson, L Coleman
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NHSBCSP) aims to reduce mortality from bowel cancer in a defined population, by detecting cancer in asymptomatic individuals between 60 and 74 years. Current Government strategies are aimed at raising awareness of symptoms, to bring survival from cancer in England up to the average for Europe.<sup>1</sup> This study aims to identify whether individuals with a FOBt +ve screening test are asymptomatic? <h3>Methods</h3> Data were extracted from the Bowel Cancer Screening System (BCSS) on FOBt +ve individuals diagnosed with cancer from commencement of the programme in 2006 to December 2011. This included all symptoms (one or more) reported at colonoscopy pre assessment, as captured by BCSS. The same data were extracted on a control group of FOBt +ve, colonoscopy negative individuals. In addition to examining trends in reported symptoms, data sets were also interrogated to look at those significant symptoms that if reported prior to the screening episode should have triggered a cancer two week wait (2WW) referral.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Results</h3> 10 211 patient episodes with cancer (Male=6825, Female=3837) and 30 249 without cancer (Male=14 991, Female=15 259) were included in the analysis. Symptom data could not be verified with regard to recency, frequency or severity of symptoms or whether previously reported. Anxiety caused by a +ve screening test may itself heighten awareness of some symptoms however, the percentage reporting significant symptoms<sup>i</sup>. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Although the NHSBCSP aims to detect asymptomatic cases, a large proportion of individuals were symptomatic at the time of screening, some were eligible for referral under the DH guidance for high risk symptoms of colorectal cancer. The Government9s drive to increase awareness of symptoms is necessary to prompt individuals to seek medical advice at an earlier stage. Standardising how data are captured at pre assessment will improve the quality and usefulness of the data strengthening future analysis on the impact of awareness campaigns on screening. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <sup>i</sup>Making them eligible for referral as a cancer 2WW is higher in those FOBt +ve individuals found to have cancer at screening colonoscopy than in those with FOBt +ve negative colonoscopy. <h3>References</h3> 1. http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Cancer/Earlydiagnosis/index.htm#jumpTo1 (accessed 10 Jan 2012). 2. <b>NICE</b>. <i>Referral Guidelines for Suspected Cancer</i>. London: NICE, 2011.
Energy-saving lamps and their impact on photosensitive and normal individuals
Authors: L. Fenton, J. Ferguson, S. Ibbotson, H. Moseley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

A preliminary investigation showed that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) emissions from compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) can pose a risk to the skin of photosensitive individuals.To carry out a larger-scale study, in patients with a range of photodermatoses, to assess this risk. To determine a safe alternative light source for photosensitive individuals. To investigate if CFL emissions have the potential to induce skin responses in normal individuals.Two hundred patients were directly exposed to a single-envelope CFL as part of their routine management. Irradiation was carried out on the inner forearm with lamps positioned at 5 cm. Skin assessments were made immediately and 24 h postirradiation. Eleven of these patients were further tested to a double-envelope CFL. One hundred and one patients were tested to emissions from a light-emitting diode (LED). A study involving 20 healthy individuals was carried out with exposure to the single-envelope CFL.Skin erythema was induced by the single-envelope CFL in the following cases: 16 of 53 chronic actinic dermatitis, seven of 52 polymorphic light eruption, five of nine solar urticaria, one of two actinic prurigo, one of one erythropoietic protoporphyria and two of 20 healthy subjects. The double-envelope CFL eliminated or reduced the skin response in all 11 patients tested. The LED did not induce any UVR-provoked skin responses.UVR from CFLs can aggravate the skin of photosensitive and healthy individuals when situated in close proximity. Double-envelope lamps reduce this risk. LEDs offer a safer alternative light source that eliminates the risk of UVR-induced skin erythema.