tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Herbicide Use and Risk of Lymphoma and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Shelia K. Hoar
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A population-based case-control study of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS), Hodgkin's disease (HD), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in Kansas found farm herbicide use to be associated with NHL (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9, 2.6). Relative risk of NHL increased significantly with number of days of herbicide exposure per year and latency. Men exposed to herbicides more than 20 days per year had a sixfold increased risk of NHL (OR, 6.0; 95% CI, 1.9, 19.5) relative to nonfarmers. Frequent users who mixed or applied the herbicides themselves had an OR of 8.0 (95% CI, 2.3, 27.9) for NHL. Excesses were associated with use of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, specifically 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Neither STS nor HD was associated with pesticide exposure. This study confirms the reports from Sweden and several US states that NHL is associated with farm herbicide use, especially phenoxyacetic acids. It does not confirm the case-control studies or the cohort studies of pesticide manufacturers and Vietnam veterans linking herbicides to STS or HD. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:1141-1147)
Divergent Positive Selection in Rhodopsin from Lake and Riverine Cichlid Fishes
Authors: Ryan K. Schott, Shannon P. Refvik, Frances E. Hauser, Hernán López-Fernández, Belinda S.W. Chang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Studies of cichlid evolution have highlighted the importance of visual pigment genes in the spectacular radiation of the African rift lake cichlids. Recent work, however, has also provided strong evidence for adaptive diversification of riverine cichlids in the Neotropics, which inhabit environments of markedly different spectral properties from the African rift lakes. These ecological and/or biogeographic differences may have imposed divergent selective pressures on the evolution of the cichlid visual system. To test these hypotheses, we investigated the molecular evolution of the dim-light visual pigment, rhodopsin. We sequenced rhodopsin from Neotropical and African riverine cichlids and combined these data with published sequences from African cichlids. We found significant evidence for positive selection using random sites codon models in all cichlid groups, with the highest levels in African lake cichlids. Tests using branch-site and clade models that partitioned the data along ecological (lake, river) and/or biogeographic (African, Neotropical) boundaries found significant evidence of divergent selective pressures among cichlid groups. However, statistical comparisons among these models suggest that ecological, rather than biogeographic, factors may be responsible for divergent selective pressures that have shaped the evolution of the visual system in cichlids. We found that branch-site models did not perform as well as clade models for our data set, in which there was evidence for positive selection in the background. One of our most intriguing results is that the amino acid sites found to be under positive selection in Neotropical and African lake cichlids were largely nonoverlapping, despite falling into the same three functional categories: spectral tuning, retinal uptake/release, and rhodopsin dimerization. Taken together, these results would imply divergent selection across cichlid clades, but targeting similar functions. This study highlights the importance of molecular investigations of ecologically important groups and the flexibility of clade models in explicitly testing ecological hypotheses.
Prevention of hypermenorrhea with leuprolide in premenopausal women undergoing bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Richard Ghalie, Carlene Porter, Eva Radwanska, William Fitzsimmons, Carol Richman, Herbert Kaizer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

We report on the use of leuprolide to prevent heavy menstrual bleeding that often occurs before platelet engraftment in premenopausal women undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Leuprolide, a synthetic analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH-a), was given to 34 patients by intravenous bolus injection, 1 mg daily, until platelet recovery. The median duration of therapy was 50 days (range 16-170). When necessary, patients self-administered the drug after discharge from the hospital. No adverse effects could be related directly to the use of leuprolide. Leuprolide effectively prevented menstruation in 25 patients (73%), failed in seven (21%), and two patients were not evaluable. The success of leuprolide therapy was related to the time of onset of treatment, as anticipated from the gradual effect of Gn-RH-a on the menstrual cycle. The failure rate was only 6% (one of 16 patients) when leuprolide was started at least 2 weeks prior to the development of thrombocytopenia, compared to a failure rate of 33% (six of 18 patients) when leuprolide was started at a later time. We conclude that leuprolide as a single agent is a safe and effective method to prevent menstrual bleeding during BMT. Additional studies are needed to determine the best timing for the onset of therapy and the relative benefit of leuprolide compared to other prophylactic approaches in patients with lengthy thrombocytopenia.
Crosswalk Markings and the Risk of Pedestrian–Motor Vehicle Collisions in Older Pedestrians
Authors: Thomas D. Koepsell, Laura McCloskey, M. Wolf, Anne Vernez Moudon, David Buchner, Jess Frank Kraus, Matthew Patterson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextMotor vehicles struck and killed 4739 pedestrians in the United States in the year 2000. Older pedestrians are at especially high risk.ObjectiveTo determine whether crosswalk markings at urban intersections influence the risk of injury to older pedestrians.DesignCase-control study in which the units of study were crossing locations.SettingSix cities in Washington and California, with case accrual from February 1995 through January 1999.ParticipantsA total of 282 case sites were street-crossing locations at an intersection where a pedestrian aged 65 years or older had been struck by a motor vehicle while crossing the street; 564 control sites were other nearby crossings that were matched to case sites based on street classification. Trained observers recorded environmental characteristics, vehicular traffic flow and speed, and pedestrian use at each site on the same day of the week and time of day as when the case event had occurred.Main Outcome MeasureRisk of pedestrian–motor vehicle collision involving an older pedestrian.ResultsAfter adjusting for pedestrian flow, vehicle flow, crossing length, and signalization, risk of a pedestrian–motor vehicle collision was 2.1-fold greater (95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.0) at sites with a marked crosswalk. Almost all of the excess risk was due to 3.6-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.7-7.9) higher risk associated with marked crosswalks at sites with no traffic signal or stop sign.ConclusionsCrosswalk markings appear associated with increased risk of pedestrian–motor vehicle collision to older pedestrians at sites where no signal or stop sign is present to halt traffic.
Neutrophil rheologic changes in septic shock.
Authors: P C Yodice, M E Astiz, B M Kurian, R Y Lin, E C Rackow
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Decreases in effective capillary blood flow during septic shock may be related to changes in neutrophil rheology which contribute to microvascular occlusion. The purpose of this study was to examine neutrophil deformability, adherence, and aggregation in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Neutrophils were isolated from six patients with septic shock (SS), 12 patients with severe sepsis (S), six noninfected critically ill patients (CINS), and nine normal volunteers (N). Neutrophil deformability was determined by examining filtration through 5-microm filters. Neutrophil aggregation was measured by aggregometry and leukergy. Neutrophil adherence was examined by assessing the binding of latex beads to neutrophils. Patients with S and SS demonstrated decreased neutrophil filterability of 27 +/- 2% and 16 +/- 5%, respectively (p < 0.01), in comparison with N subjects, 55 +/- 4% and CINS patients, 58 +/- 2%. Preincubation of neutrophils from S and SS patients with cytochalasin D significantly increased the percent filtration of neutrophils. Neutrophil aggregation, measured by aggregometry, was increased in SS patients, 16 +/- 4% (p < 0.01) compared with N subjects, 1 +/- 0.2% and CINS patients, 1 +/- 0.2%. Incubation of neutrophils of SS patients with anti-CD11/CD18 significantly increased the filtration of isolated neutrophils to 46 +/- 3% (p < 0.01) and decreased aggregation to 7 +/- 2%. Neutrophil adherence was not increased in S or SS patients. These observations suggest that neutrophil deformability is decreased in patients with S and SS. Increased leukoaggregation may also contribute to decreased filterability of neutrophils in SS patients. These mechanisms may play a role in impaired microvascular flow in septic shock.
Identification of Human Autologous Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Defined Osteosarcoma Gene That Encodes a Transcriptional Regulator, Papillomavirus Binding Factor
Authors: Tomohide Tsukahara, Yuki Nabeta, Satoshi Kawaguchi, Hideyuki Ikeda, Yuriko Sato, Kumiko Shimozawa, Kazunori Ida, Hiroko Asanuma, Yoshihiko Hirohashi, Toshihiko Torigoe, Hiroaki Hiraga, Satoshi Nagoya, Takuro Wada, Toshihiko Yamashita, Noriyuki Sato
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma who do not respond to current chemotherapy protocols still remains poor. Toward the goal of establishing efficacious peptide-based immunotherapy for those patients, we previously developed an autologous pair of CTLs and an osteosarcoma cell line. In the current study, we screened the cDNA library of this osteosarcoma cell line using an autologous CTL clone and identified cDNA encoding an antigen. The isolated cDNA was identical to papillomavirus binding factor (PBF), which was recently reported as a DNA binding transcription factor cooperating with RUNX1. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that PBF was expressed in 16 of 19 cases of bone and soft-tissue sarcoma cell lines (5 of 6 of osteosarcoma lines) and 57 of 76 sarcoma tissue samples (11 of 14 of osteosarcoma tissues). Also, PBF was expressed in 10 of 13 epithelial cancer cell lines and 20 of 34 of cancer tissues. In contrast, PBF was detected in some normal organs including ovary, pancreas, spleen, and liver by reverse transcription-PCR but was restricted in the cytoplasm by immunostaining and undetectable by Western blotting. Furthermore, a 12-mer peptide, CTACRWKKACQR, located at the COOH terminus of PBF, was found to be a minimum requirement for recognition by the CTL clone in the context of the HLA-B*5502 molecule. These findings suggest that PBF is a shared tumor-associated antigen, which may serve as a source of peptides applicable to peptide-based immunotherapy for osteosarcoma and other malignant tumors.
A randomised multicentre trial of modified CHOP versus MCOP in patients aged 65 years and over with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: E.M. Bessell, A. Burton, A.P. Haynes, J. Glaholm, J.A. Child, M.H. Cullen, J.M. Davies, G.M. Smith, I.O. Ellis, A. Jack, E.L. Jones
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin downregulates filaggrin expression by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in keratinocytes
Authors: Jin Hee Kim, Hyun Cheol Bae, Na Young Ko, See Hyun Lee, Sang Hoon Jeong, Hana Lee, Woo-In Ryu, Young Chul Kye, Sang Wook Son
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Fab-mediated binding of drug-dependent antibodies to platelets in quinidine- and quinine-induced thrombocytopenia.
Authors: D J Christie, P C Mullen, R H Aster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Platelets coated with quinine- or quinidine-induced antibodies form rosettes around protein A-Sepharose beads and normal platelets form rosettes about protein A-Sepharose beads coated with these antibodies. These reactions occurred only in the presence of sensitizing drug. Platelets also formed rosettes about protein A-Sepharose beads coated with an anti-PIA1 antibody, but drug was not required. Formation of rosettes between antibody-coated platelets and protein A-Sepharose was inhibited by F(ab')2 fragments of goat antibody specific for the Fc portion of human IgG, while rosette formation between antibody-coated protein A-Sepharose and platelets was inhibited by F(ab')2 fragments directed against the F(ab')2 portion of the IgG molecule. Since binding of IgG to protein A is known to occur via the Fc region, these findings suggest that binding of drug-induced antibodies to platelets occurs at the Fab domains of the IgG molecule.
AEE788
Authors: Peter Traxler, Peter R. Allegrini, Ralf Brandt, Josef Brueggen, Robert Cozens, Doriano Fabbro, Konstantina Grosios, Heidi A. Lane, Paul McSheehy, Jürgen Mestan, Thomas Meyer, Careen Tang, Markus Wartmann, Jeanette Wood, Giorgio Caravatti
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2 expression are associated with advanced disease and poor patient prognosis in many tumor types (breast, lung, ovarian, prostate, glioma, gastric, and squamous carcinoma of head and neck). In addition, a constitutively active EGFR type III deletion mutant has been identified in non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastomas, and breast tumors. Hence, members of the EGFR family are viewed as promising therapeutic targets in the fight against cancer. In a similar vein, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor kinases are also promising targets in terms of an antiangiogenic treatment strategy. AEE788, obtained by optimization of the 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine lead scaffold, is a potent combined inhibitor of both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase family members on the isolated enzyme level and in cellular systems. At the enzyme level, AEE788 inhibited EGFR and VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases in the nm range (IC(50)s: EGFR 2 nm, ErbB2 6 nm, KDR 77 nm, and Flt-1 59 nm). In cells, growth factor-induced EGFR and ErbB2 phosphorylation was also efficiently inhibited (IC(50)s: 11 and 220 nm, respectively). AEE788 demonstrated antiproliferative activity against a range of EGFR and ErbB2-overexpressing cell lines (including EGFRvIII-dependent lines) and inhibited the proliferation of epidermal growth factor- and VEGF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These properties, combined with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, were associated with a potent antitumor activity in a number of animal models of cancer, including tumors that overexpress EGFR and or ErbB2. Oral administration of AEE788 to tumor-bearing mice resulted in high and persistent compound levels in tumor tissue. Moreover, AEE788 efficiently inhibited growth factor-induced EGFR and ErbB2 phosphorylation in tumors for >72 h, a phenomenon correlating with the antitumor efficacy of intermittent treatment schedules. Strikingly, AEE788 also inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in a murine implant model. Antiangiogenic activity was also apparent by measurement of tumor vascular permeability and interstitial leakage space using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging methodology. Taken together, these data indicate that AEE788 has potential as an anticancer agent targeting deregulated tumor cell proliferation as well as angiogenic parameters. Consequently, AEE788 is currently in Phase I clinical trials in oncology.
Gene Family Size Conservation Is a Good Indicator of Evolutionary Rates
Authors: F.-C. Chen, C.-J. Chen, W.-H. Li, T.-J. Chuang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

The evolution of duplicate genes has been a topic of broad interest. Here, we propose that the conservation of gene family size is a good indicator of the rate of sequence evolution and some other biological properties. By comparing the human-chimpanzee-macaque orthologous gene families with and without family size conservation, we demonstrate that genes with family size conservation evolve more slowly than those without family size conservation. Our results further demonstrate that both family expansion and contraction events may accelerate gene evolution, resulting in elevated evolutionary rates in the genes without family size conservation. In addition, we show that the duplicate genes with family size conservation evolve significantly more slowly than those without family size conservation. Interestingly, the median evolutionary rate of singletons falls in between those of the above two types of duplicate gene families. Our results thus suggest that the controversy on whether duplicate genes evolve more slowly than singletons can be resolved when family size conservation is taken into consideration. Furthermore, we also observe that duplicate genes with family size conservation have the highest level of gene expression/expression breadth, the highest proportion of essential genes, and the lowest gene compactness, followed by singletons and then by duplicate genes without family size conservation. Such a trend accords well with our observations of evolutionary rates. Our results thus point to the importance of family size conservation in the evolution of duplicate genes.
THE TOXICITY OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS
Authors: F. RAY BETTLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article THE TOXICITY OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS Get access F. RAY BETTLEY F. RAY BETTLEY Institute of Clinical Research, Middlesex Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 10, 1 October 1968, Pages 635–642, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb11913.x Published: 01 October 1968 Article history Accepted: 27 May 1968 Published: 01 October 1968
THE TAGGING OF RED CELLS AND PLASMA PROTEINS WITH RADIOACTIVE CHROMIUM 1
Authors: Seymour J. Gray, Kenneth Sterling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

In preparation for the present study, arc spectrography 3 was used to demonstrate the presence of trace amounts of chromium in human tissues, including the blood. Tissue analyses were performed on samples of normal human blood by means of a colorimetric method (2) with the finding of mean values of 20 y % for packed red cells and 14 y % for plasma. The present report is concerned with a new biological tracer, radioactive chromium (Cr51), which is bound by the red cells and plasma proteins. Both anionic hexavalent (Na2Cr51O4) and cationic trivalent (Cr51Cl3) states of the element have been studied.
Dialysis Modalities and HDL Composition and Function
Authors: Michael Holzer, Gernot Schilcher, Sanja Curcic, Markus Trieb, Senka Ljubojevic, Tatjana Stojakovic, Hubert Scharnagl, Chantal M. Kopecky, Alexander R. Rosenkranz, Akos Heinemann, Gunther Marsche
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Lipid abnormalities may have an effect on clinical outcomes of patients on dialysis. Recent studies have indicated that HDL dysfunction is a hallmark of ESRD. In this study, we compared HDL composition and metrics of HDL functionality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) with those in healthy controls. We detected a marked suppression of several metrics of HDL functionality in patients on HD or PD. Compositional analysis revealed that HDL from both dialysis groups shifted toward a more proinflammatory phenotype with profound alterations in the lipid moiety and protein composition. With regard to function, cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic functions seemed to be more severely suppressed in patients on HD, whereas HDL-associated paraoxonase activity was lowest in patients on PD. Quantification of enzyme activities involved in HDL metabolism suggested that HDL particle maturation and remodeling are altered in patients on HD or PD. In summary, our study provides mechanistic insights into the formation of dysfunctional HDL in patients with ESRD who are on HD or PD.
Adventures in Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Henry C. Pitot
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2007)

Neoplasia is a heritably altered, relatively autonomous growth of tissue. Hepatocarcinogenesis, the pathogenesis of neoplasia in liver, as modeled in the rat exhibits three distinct, quantifiable stages: initiation, promotion, and progression. Simple mutations and/or epigenetic alterations may result in the irreversible stage of initiation. The stage of promotion results from selective enhancement of cell replication and selective inhibition of cellular apoptosis of initiated cells dependent on the genetic and/or epigenetic alterations of the latter. The irreversible stage of progression results from initial karyotypic alterations that evolve into greater degrees of genomic instability. The initial genomic alteration in the transition from promotion to progression may involve primarily epigenetic mechanisms driven by epigenetic and genetic alterations fixed during the stage of promotion.
S91 Improved Lung Cancer Survival and Reduced Emergency Diagnoses Resulting from an Early Diagnosis Campaign in Leeds 2011
Authors: L Cheyne, C Foster, V Lovatt, F Hewitt, L Cresswell, B Fullard, J Fear, M Darby, R Robertson, PK Plant, R Milton, MEJ Callister
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Lung cancer survival in the UK lags behind other developed nations, and excess early deaths following diagnosis suggest advanced disease at presentation. Patients diagnosed with lung cancer following emergency presentation to hospital have poorer survival than those patients referred to outpatient clinic (1 year survival 9% vs 39% respectively). Leeds has an excess of lung cancer deaths per year compared with the rest of UK, and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHT) sees the highest number of lung cancer cases nationwide. <h3>Methods</h3> NHS Leeds and LTHT undertook a 12 month campaign to encourage earlier diagnosis of lung cancer comprising four key elements: a marketing communications campaign, a community education programme, a primary care educational programme, and a self request chest X-ray service. Outcome measures for the intervention year (2011) were compared to historical controls (2008–2010). <h3>Results</h3> The number of community-ordered CXRs increased from 18,909 per annum (2008–2010) to 29,278 in 2011 (55% increase, p&lt;0.0001). The 2011 figure includes 2,515 patients who self-referred for CXR. Overall diagnoses of lung cancers rose by 8% in 2011 compared to 2008–2010 (mean±SD 44.9±8.6 vs 41.6±6.4 respectively, p=0.15). There was no significant change in stage of lung cancer or patient performance status at presentation (although the study was not powered to demonstrate this). The proportion of patients diagnosed with lung cancer following emergency presentation reduced from 32.9% (2008–2010) to 27.8% (2011, p=0.035). There was an increase in the proportion of lung cancer patients first seen in the fast-track lung cancer clinic following GP referral or CXR recall (39.3% in 2008–2010 compared to 46.6% in 2011, p=0.02). 180 day mortality (assessed in July 2012) was 44.7% for 2008–2010 and 40.4% in 2011 (p=0.10) and survival curves are shown below. Further mortality data will be available in late 2012. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Improvements in survival and a reduction in emergency admissions are likely to reflect increase referral of symptomatic patients for CXR. Further analysis of Cancer Registry survival data will allow comparison with other UK centres over the same time period. No stage or performance status shift was seen.