tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sodium Bicarbonate vs Sodium Chloride in Preventing Contrast Medium–Induced Nephropathy
Authors: William Burgess
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Importance of Age of Onset in Pancreatic Cancer Kindreds
Authors: K. A. Brune, B. Lau, E. Palmisano, M. Canto, M. G. Goggins, R. H. Hruban, A. P. Klein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

BackgroundYoung-onset cancer is a hallmark of many familial cancer syndromes, yet the implications of young-onset disease in predicting risk of pancreatic cancer among familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) kindred members remain unclear.
Strain-dependent embryonic lethality and exaggerated vascular remodeling in heparin cofactor II–deficient mice
Authors: Ken-ichi Aihara, Hiroyuki Azuma, Masashi Akaike, Yasumasa Ikeda, Masataka Sata, Nobuyuki Takamori, Shusuke Yagi, Takashi Iwase, Yuka Sumitomo, Hirotaka Kawano, Takashi Yamada, Toru Fukuda, Takahiro Matsumoto, Keisuke Sekine, Takashi Sato, Yuko Nakamichi, Yoko Yamamoto, Kimihiro Yoshimura, Tomoyuki Watanabe, Takashi Nakamura, Akimasa Oomizu, Minoru Tsukada, Hideki Hayashi, Toshiki Sudo, Shigeaki Kato, Toshio Matsumoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Heparin cofactor II (HCII) specifically inhibits thrombin action at sites of injured arterial wall, and patients with HCII deficiency exhibit advanced atherosclerosis. However, the in vivo effects and the molecular mechanism underlying the action of HCII during vascular remodeling remain elusive. To clarify the role of HCII in vascular remodeling, we generated HCII-deficient mice by gene targeting. In contrast to a previous report, HCII–/– mice were embryonically lethal. In HCII+/– mice, prominent intimal hyperplasia with increased cellular proliferation was observed after tube cuff and wire vascular injury. The number of protease-activated receptor–1–positive (PAR-1–positive) cells was increased in the thickened vascular wall of HCII+/– mice, suggesting enhanced thrombin action in this region. Cuff injury also increased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the vascular wall of HCII+/– mice. The intimal hyperplasia in HCII+/– mice with vascular injury was abrogated by human HCII supplementation. Furthermore, HCII deficiency caused acceleration of aortic plaque formation with increased PAR-1 expression and oxidative stress in apoE-KO mice. These results demonstrate that HCII protects against thrombin-induced remodeling of an injured vascular wall by inhibiting thrombin action and suggest that HCII is potentially therapeutic against atherosclerosis without causing coagulatory disturbance.
Analysis of Ig subclass deficiency: First reported case of IgG2, IgG4, and IgA deficiency caused by deletion of Cα1, ψCγ, Cγ2, Cγ4, and Cε in a Mongoloid patient
Authors: Tomoyoshi Terada, Hideo Kaneko, Ai Lian Li, Kimiko Kasahara, Masaaki Ibe, Shumpei Yokota, Naomi Kondo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil; Docetaxel and Cisplatin; and Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil As Systemic Treatment for Advanced Gastric Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase II Trial of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research
Authors: Arnaud D. Roth, Nicola Fazio, Roger Stupp, Stephen Falk, Jürg Bernhard, Piercarlo Saletti, Dieter Köberle, Markus M. Borner, Kaspar Rufibach, Rudolf Maibach, Martin Wernli, Martin Leslie, Robert Glynne-Jones, Lukas Widmer, Matthew Seymour, Filippo de Braud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

This randomized phase II trial evaluated two docetaxel-based regimens to see which would be most promising according to overall response rate (ORR) for comparison in a phase III trial with epirubicin-cisplatin-fluorouracil (ECF) as first-line advanced gastric cancer therapy.Chemotherapy-naïve patients with measurable unresectable and/or metastatic gastric carcinoma, a performance status <or= 1, and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function randomly received <or= eight 3-weekly cycles of ECF (epirubicin 50 mg/m(2) on day 1, cisplatin 60 mg/m(2) on day 1, and fluorouracil [FU] 200 mg/m(2)/d on days 1 to 21), TC (docetaxel initially 85 mg/m(2) on day 1 [later reduced to 75 mg/m(2) as a result of toxicity] and cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) on day 1), or TCF (TC plus FU 300 mg/m(2)/d on days 1 to 14). Study objectives included response (primary), survival, toxicity, and quality of life (QOL).ORR was 25.0% (95% CI, 13% to 41%) for ECF, 18.5% (95% CI, 9% to 34%) for TC, and 36.6% (95% CI, 23% to 53%) for TCF (n = 119). Median overall survival times were 8.3, 11.0, and 10.4 months for ECF, TC, and TCF, respectively. Toxicity was acceptable, with one toxic death (TC arm). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in more treatment cycles with docetaxel (TC, 49%; TCF, 57%; ECF, 34%). Global health status/QOL substantially improved with ECF and remained similar to baseline with both docetaxel regimens.Time to response and ORR favor TCF over TC for further evaluation, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting. A trend towards increased myelosuppression and infectious complications with TCF versus TC or ECF was observed.
Receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 modulates neuroblast migration and placement in the adult forebrain
Authors: E S Anton, H T Ghashghaei, Janet L Weber, Corey McCann, Tobias M Fischer, Isla D Cheung, Martin Gassmann, Albee Messing, Rudiger Klein, Markus H Schwab, K C Kent Lloyd, Cary Lai
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2004)
Analysis of T cell function in autoimmune murine strains. Defects in production and responsiveness to interleukin 2.
Authors: A Altman, A N Theofilopoulos, R Weiner, D H Katz, F J Dixon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

In the studies reported here, we have analyzed the production and consumption of T cell growth factor, more recently termed interleukin 2 (IL-2), as well as some cell-mediated immune functions, in murine strains [MRL, BXSB, NZB, and (NZB x NZWF1] manifesting systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndromes. Young (4-6 wk) or old (4-8 mo) autoimmune or normal mice were studied and compared with regard to the following T cell functions in vitro after stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A): (a) mitogenic response; (b) IL-2 levels in culture supernates; and (c) the ability to respond to and adsorb IL-2. In addition, proliferative activity in the allogeneic mixed leukocyte culture and frequency of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) were analyzed in some of these strains. Reduced Con A-induced mitogenic responses and IL-2 production appeared at 3-6 wk of age in the early, severe SLE developing strains MRL-Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) and male BXSB and progressed thereafter. Similar defects appeared at a later stage in MRL/Mp-+/+ and (NZB x NZW)F1 hybrid mice, which develop late disease. Detailed analysis of cells from the enlarged lymph nodes and spleens of older MRL/l mice demonstrated that such cells: (a) responded poorly to Con A or allogeneic stimulator cells, even in the presence of exogenous IL-2; (b) did not suppress IL-2 production by normal spleen cells; (c) were relatively incapable of adsorbing or inactivating IL-2; and (d) had a markedly reduced anti-H-2b CTLp frequency in the mesenteric lymph nodes but a normal one in spleen. These results indicate that the proliferating Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1+ T cells in MRL/l mice are defective in their responses to mitogenic stimuli, in IL-2 production, and in expression of acceptor sites for IL-2. The relevance of these defects to the MRL/l disease as well as to the role of IL-2 in autoimmunity in general remains to be determined.
Habitual Violence and Self-Mutilation
Authors: GEORGE BACH-Y-RITA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Thirty-seven percent of a group of 22 habitually violent patient/inmates were observed on admission to a special prison facility to have scars resulting from self-inflicted wounds. The author found that these men revealed considerable psychopathology beginning at an early age. He discusses the importance of identifying such patients and treating them separately from other violent individuals.
Analysis of DQB1 allele frequencies in pulmonary tuberculosis: preliminary report
Authors: A Dubaniewicz
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<b>Background:</b> The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system plays an important role in the modulation of the immune response. An association between HLA and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has been examined in several populations but the results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of DQB1 alleles with TB patients and healthy controls in the same ethnic group in Poland. <b>Method:</b> The DQB1 alleles of 38 patients with TB and 58 healthy university staff volunteers were determined by a PCR-SSP low resolution method. <b>Results:</b> The DQB1*05 allele occurred more frequently (p adjusted for multiple comparison=0.002, OR=2.84, 95% CI 1.57 to 5.15) and the DQB1*02 allele occurred less frequently (p=0.01, OR=0.39, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.71) in patients with TB than in controls. The occurrence of DQB1*03,*04,*06 alleles was similar in the two populations. <b>Conclusions:</b> The occurrence of specific DQB1 alleles may be linked to susceptibility/resistance to tuberculosis.
Proliferation and differentiation in mammalian airway epithelium
Authors: MM Ayers, PK Jeffery
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

The infrequency of mitotic figures led to dispute amongst early workers as to the occurrence of cell division in adult mammalian airway epithelium [30, 63, 83, 227]. It was not until 1951 that quantitative work in the respiratory tract began to concentrate on the distal (i.e. respiratory) portion of the lung (reviewed by BERTALANFFY (20, 21], KAUFFMAN [132], and MASSE et al. [159]). Studies of the lining epithelium of conducting airways soon followed [I I, 25, 26, 27, 32, 38, 148, 208, 230]. The present review summarizes the results of many studies of cell division and differentiation in conducting airway epithelium. I t is divided into three major sections: I) general principles and techniques used in assessment of cell kinetics; 2) normal proliferation and differentiation in conducting airways and 3) effects of irritants and carcinogens, mechanical trauma, drugs, infection and physiological factors on cell proliferation and differentiation. Proliferation and differentiation, which occur during airway development, are not discussed here: the interested reader is referred to the following papers and reviews [24, 47, 119, 129, 132, 207, 237]. At least eight epithelial cell types are recognised in the lining epithelium of conducting airways and three in the epithelium lining the alveoli (for reviews see [41, 116, 117, 118]). In man the tracheobronchial surface epithelium is pseudostratified, ciliated and columnar
IgA serum levels and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis: a prospective study.
Authors: M J Franssen, L B van de Putte, F W Gribnau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

We investigated the possible association between serum IgA, IgM, and IgG and disease activity in a longitudinal study of 48 weeks' duration in 38 male patients with active ankylosing spondylitis receiving regular treatment with either phenylbutazone or diflunisal. Throughout the study serum IgA levels correlated most frequently with chest expansion and lumbar flexion index, and patients with extensive radiological changes also had the highest serum IgA levels. Likewise, changes in IgA, but not in IgM and IgG, correlated with changes in a composite index of disease activity (IDA). Changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) showed a similar correlation with changes in IDA, whereas changes in serum IgA and ESR showed no consistent correlation, suggesting that both parameters reflect different aspects of disease. Serum IgA, ESR, and IDA values all decreased during regular drug treatment, suggesting a disease modifying effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) studied. Regular measurement of serum IgA may be useful in the assessment of disease activity of ankylosing spondylitis.
Viruses disrupt functions of human lymphocytes. Effects of measles virus and influenza virus on lymphocyte-mediated killing and antibody production.
Authors: P Casali, G P Rice, M B Oldstone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

We present experimental data that offer, in part, a better understanding of the immunosuppression that accompanies measles virus infection. We note that measles virus "silently" infects human lymphocytes and that the infection does not alter lymphocyte survival in vitro. Yet such infected lymphocytes fail to generate natural killer (NK) cell activity or synthesize immunoglobulins (Ig). Thus, the presence of virus within lymphocytes impairs their specific immune functions in the absence of cytolysis. Influenza virus also infects human lymphocytes. In contrast to measles virus infection of resting lymphocytes in which viral antigen is rarely expressed, influenza virus infection of these cells yields viral antigens expressed in the cytoplasm and on the cell surface. Influenza virus-infected lymphocytes have normal NK cell activity but fail to synthesize IgG or IgM.
A Novel A33 Promoter–Based Conditionally Replicative Adenovirus Suppresses Tumor Growth and Eradicates Hepatic Metastases in Human Colon Cancer Models
Authors: Eduardo G. Cafferata, Daniela R. Macció, Maria V. Lopez, Diego L. Viale, Cecilia Carbone, Guillermo Mazzolini, Osvaldo L. Podhajcer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: A33 antigen is a membrane-bound protein expressed in intestinal epithelium that is overexpressed in 95% of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas but is absent in most epithelial tissues and tumor types. We hypothesized that A33 promoter might be useful in the design of a conditionally replicative adenovirus for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Experimental Design: We cloned an A33 promoter fragment (A33Pr) that extends from −105 to +307 bp. Using luciferase activity as a reporter gene, we showed that A33Pr was active in CRC cell lines. We next constructed a conditionally replicative adenovirus named AV22EL where E1A was placed under the control of A33Pr. The tumor-specific oncolytic effect of AV22EL was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: AV22EL induced specific in vitro lysis of human CRC cell lines that expressed A33 and have negligible lytic capacity on cells that lacked or had minimal A33 expression, including normal human colonic cells. In vivo, a marked reduction of tumor growth and increased long-term survival rates were observed in nude mice xenografted with s.c. CRC tumors. Combination with 5-fluorouracil induced an additive effect in vitro with no toxic effects in vivo. Remarkably, AV22EL completely eliminated established hepatic metastases in &amp;gt;90% of mice and restored hepatic function according to biochemical parameters. Its systemic administration induced E1A expression only in the hepatic metastasis but not in normal organs. Conclusions: These data show that AV22EL is a stringently regulated and potent oncolytic agent for the treatment of CRC.
Effect of Interleukin-1-beta on Metastasis Formation in Different Tumor Systems
Authors: M. R. Bani, A. Garofalo, E. Scanziani, R. Giavazzi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Experiments were done to determine the effect of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta) on metastasis formation in different tumor systems. Intravenous administration of 1 microgram of human recombinant IL-1 beta given 1 hour before tumor cell injection augmented lung colony formation (experimental metastases) by the human A375 melanoma variants, the human HT-29M colon carcinoma, the SN12-K1 renal carcinoma in nude mice, the murine B16 melanoma variants, and the murine UV-2237M fibrosarcoma in syngeneic recipients. The same treatment did not induce lung colony formation by a human rectal carcinoma (HCC-P2988) or by a murine reticulum cell sarcoma (M5076), both of which are not metastatic to the lung. Spontaneous metastases were studied in C57BL/6 mice bearing the B16-BL6 melanoma (metastatic to the lung) in their footpad and the M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma (metastatic to the liver) subcutaneously. Daily intraperitoneal treatment with 1 microgram of IL-1 beta increased lung and liver metastases. These findings indicate that treatment of mice with IL-1 beta can increase the number of artificial or spontaneous metastases and that this effect is not limited to a single tumor type or to a specific organ.
Indian government outlines plan to try to eliminate tuberculosis by 2020
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

India’s health minister, Harsh Vardhan, has announced that he hopes to eliminate tuberculosis in India by 2020. He was speaking at a global symposium run by the World Health Organization, called “Moving out of the box to end the global TB epidemic: with post-2015 strategy.”

The aim of the Indian campaign, which is called TB Mission 2020, is to provide free diagnosis and treatment to all patients with tuberculosis—whether in government or private hospitals—and to provide nutritional and financial support to patients.

“Drastic reduction demands we take bold steps, catching the bull by the horn,” said Vardhan. “We have …
Effect of self-collection of HPV DNA offered by community health workers at home visits on uptake of screening for cervical cancer (the EMA study): a population-based cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Silvina Arrossi, Laura Thouyaret, Rolando Herrero, Alicia Campanera, Adriana Magdaleno, Milca Cuberli, Paula Barletta, Rosa Laudi, Liliana Orellana
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

Control of cervical cancer in developing countries has been hampered by a failure to achieve high screening uptake. HPV DNA self-collection could increase screening coverage, but implementation of this technology is difficult in countries of middle and low income. We investigated whether offering HPV DNA self-collection during routine home visits by community health workers could increase cervical screening.
Development of a new mutation in EGFR leads to drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: S Tate
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Kobayashi S, Boggon TJ, Dayaram T, et al . EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small-lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med2005;352:786–92 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed and in an activated phosphorylated form in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Response rates of 10–20% can be achieved with the use of anilinoquinazoline tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeted against EGFR although most patients eventually relapse. The majority of responsive tumours contain somatic mutations … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DKobayashi%26rft.auinit1%253DS.%26rft.volume%253D352%26rft.issue%253D8%26rft.spage%253D786%26rft.epage%253D792%26rft.atitle%253DEGFR%2BMutation%2Band%2BResistance%2Bof%2BNon-Small-Cell%2BLung%2BCancer%2Bto%2BGefitinib%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa044238%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15728811%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa044238&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15728811&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F5%2F417.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000227147500008&link_type=ISI
Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor α (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M.J Elliott, R.N Maini, M Feldmann, J.R Kalden, C Antoni, J.S Smolen, B Leeb, F.C Breedveld, J.D Macfarlane, J.A Bijl, J.N Woody
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Risk factors of oesophageal perforation during pneumatic dilatation for achalasia.
Authors: E Borotto, M Gaudric, B Danel, J Samama, G Quartier, S Chaussade, D Couturier
Journal: Gut (1996)

Pneumatic dilatation of the oesophagus is a well established treatment for achalasia. Oesophageal perforation is the most serious complication that occurs in 2% to 6% of cases. The aim of this retrospective survey was to identify predictive risk factors for perforation in a consecutive series of 218 patients with achalasia.Between 1983 and 1993, 270 pneumatic dilatations were performed in 218 patients. A Witzel dilator was used in 58 cases and a Rigiflex dilator in 212. Eight oesophageal perforations occurred (3%). The clinical, radiological, endoscopic, manometric, and technical data for the eight perforated patients were compared with those of 30 patients randomly sampled among those without perforation.All perforations occurred during the first dilatation. Perforations were fewer during dilatations with the Rigiflex dilator than with the Witzel dilator (2.4% v 5.2%). Perforations were all located above the cardia, on the left side of the oesophagus. In a multivariate analysis, a small weight loss and a high amplitude of oesophageal contractions in the group of patients with perforations were predictive of complications (respectively, p = 0.001 and p = 0.026). A contraction amplitude higher than 70 cm H2O in the lower part of the oesophagus was observed in three of eight patients with perforations but was not seen in any of the 30 patients without perforation (p < 0.01).This identification of risk factors should facilitate the choice between pneumatic dilatation or a surgical approach.
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen is the globular carboxyl terminus of type VII procollagen.
Authors: D T Woodley, R E Burgeson, G Lunstrum, L Bruckner-Tuderman, M J Reese, R A Briggaman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a severe, chronic blistering disease of the skin. EBA patients have circulating and tissue-bound autoantibodies to a large (Mr = 290,000) macromolecule that is localized within the basement membrane zone between the epidermis and dermis of skin, the site of blister formation. The "EBA antigen" is known to be distinct from laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, fibronectin, the bullous pemphigoid antigen, elastin, and collagen types I, II, III, IV, and V. Sera from patients with EBA, two monoclonal antibodies to the EBA antigen, and a monoclonal antibody to the carboxyl terminus of type VII procollagen identically label human amnion and skin by immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopy. Western immunoblots of the EBA antigen extracted from skin and of type VII procollagen labeled with the above sera and antibodies are identical. None of the sera or antibodies labels Western blots of pepsinized type VII collagen which is missing the globular amino and carboxyl terminal domains. These data show that the EBA antigen is the carboxyl terminus of type VII procollagen.