tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doubled Duplication of the Structural Gene for Cytosolic Phosphoglucose Isomerase in the Dactylis glomerata L. Polyploid Complex
Authors: R Lumaret
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1986)

Evolution of genes that specify cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerases (PGIs) has been studied in a natural intraspecific polyploid complex (Dactylis glomerata L.). Analyses of genetic control, polymorphism, and gene expression have been carried out in plants collected from numerous populations that belong to 14 diploid subspecies originating in the middle or at the end of the Tertiary period and to three tetraploid subspecies that very likely developed during the last Ice Age. The results show that in each one of the 17 Dactylis subspecies, cytosolic PGIs are specified by two tightly but not completely linked polymorphic loci. Moreover, these show considerable structural similarity since the numerous subunits that each locus specifies associate with those coded by the other locus and most of the dimeric enzymes formed by subunits specified at each locus show exactly the same electrophoretic mobilities. Consequently, one of the two genes is considered to have originated from the other by a process of gene duplication (very likely a tandem one). In this particular case, the duplicated gene has not been distinguished from the ancestral one. The PGI duplication is present in the whole Dactylis monospecific genus but has never been found in the other genera of the same tribe. Since the fixation of a particular gene duplication is considered to be a rare or even unique event, it might have occurred in the primitive forms of diploid Dactylis. Tetraploids show a doubled duplication consequent on the polyploidization process of diploids that already possessed the PGI duplication. The reasons why this duplication has been conserved with the full expression of all the genes throughout evolution of this polyploid complex are examined separately for the two ploidy levels. In diploids, the main reasons could be gene recombination that slows down the rate of gene silencing, unregulated enzyme synthesis, and also differences in enzyme properties. These may confer a selective advantage when distinct alleles can be present, because of the gene duplication, in a single individual. The quite recent origin of the tetraploids and their autopolyploid genetic structure-which does not show f&d heterozygosity and, consequently, possible negative heterodimeric interactions between homeoalleles such as would be the case in allopolyploids-could explain why full expression of the cytosolic PGIs’ doubled duplication is maintained in tetraploid Dactylis.
Sexual Risk Behavior Among Virologically Detectable Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Young Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Patrick A. Wilson, Shoshana Y. Kahana, Maria Isabel Fernandez, Gary W. Harper, Kenneth Mayer, Craig M. Wilson, Lisa B. Hightow-Weidman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses continue to increase among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Many YMSM living with HIV engage in sexual risk behaviors, and those who have a detectable viral load can transmit HIV to sex partners. Understanding factors that are related to sexual risk taking among virologically detectable (VL+) YMSM can inform prevention and treatment efforts.To describe differences between virologically suppressed (VL-) and VL+ YMSM living with HIV and to identify correlates of condomless anal intercourse (CAI) and serodiscordant CAI among VL+ YMSM.In this cross-sectional survey conducted from December 1, 2009, through June 30, 2012, we studied 991 HIV-infected YMSM 15 to 26 years of age at 20 adolescent HIV clinics in the United States. Data analysis was conducted December 1, 2013, through July 31, 2015.Demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial assessments obtained using audio computer-assisted self-interviews. Viral load information was obtained via blood draw or medical record abstraction.Of the 991 participants, 688 (69.4%) were VL+ and 458 (46.2%) reported CAI, with 310 (31.3%) reporting serodiscordant CAI in the past 3 months. The VL+ YMSM were more likely than the VL- YMSM to report CAI (detectable, 266 [54.7%]; suppressed, 91 [44.4%]; P = .01) and serodiscordant CAI (detectable, 187 [34.9%]; suppressed, 57 [25.0%]; P < .01). Multivariable analyses indicated that among VL+ YMSM, those reporting problematic substance use were more likely to report CAI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02-2.10) and serodiscordant CAI (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06-1.99). Black VL+ YMSM were less likely to report CAI (AOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44-0.90) or serodiscordant CAI (AOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94) compared with other VL+ YMSM. In addition, VL+ YMSM who disclosed their HIV status to sex partners were more likely to report CAI compared with nondisclosing YMSM (AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01-1.81). Transgender participants were less likely to report CAI than cisgender participants (AOR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.85). Last, VL+ YMSM who reported currently being employed were less likely to report serodiscordant CAI than those who were unemployed (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55-0.99).Targeted multilevel interventions are needed to reduce HIV transmission risk behaviors among YMSM living with HIV, particularly among those who are VL+.
TRIM46 Controls Neuronal Polarity and Axon Specification by Driving the Formation of Parallel Microtubule Arrays
Authors: Sam F.B. van Beuningen, Lena Will, Martin Harterink, Anaël Chazeau, Eljo Y. van Battum, Cátia P. Frias, Mariella A.M. Franker, Eugene A. Katrukha, Riccardo Stucchi, Karin Vocking, Ana T. Antunes, Lotte Slenders, Sofia Doulkeridou, Peter Sillevis Smitt, A.F. Maarten Altelaar, Jan A. Post, Anna Akhmanova, R. Jeroen Pasterkamp, Lukas C. Kapitein, Esther de Graaff, Casper C. Hoogenraad
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Surgery for Aortic Dilatation in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valves
Authors: Loren F. Hiratzka, Mark A. Creager, Eric M. Isselbacher, Lars G. Svensson, Rick A. Nishimura, Robert O. Bonow, Robert A. Guyton, Thoralf M. Sundt, Jonathan L. Halperin, Glenn N. Levine, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Nancy M. Albert, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Kim K. Birtcher, Biykem Bozkurt, Ralph G. Brindis, Joaquin E. Cigarroa, Lesley H. Curtis, Lee A. Fleisher, Federico Gentile, Samuel Gidding, Mark A. Hlatky, John Ikonomidis, José Joglar, Richard J. Kovacs, E. Magnus Ohman, Susan J. Pressler, Frank W. Sellke, Win-Kuang Shen, Duminda N. Wijeysundera
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Two guidelines from the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), and collaborating societies address the risk of aortic dissection in patients with bicuspid aortic valves and severe aortic enlargement: the “2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease” (Circulation. 2010;121:e266–e369) and the “2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease” (Circulation. 2014;129:e521–e643). However, the 2 guidelines differ with regard to the recommended threshold of aortic root or ascending aortic dilatation that would justify surgical intervention in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. The ACC and AHA therefore convened a subcommittee representing members of the 2 guideline writing committees to review the evidence, reach consensus, and draft a statement of clarification for both guidelines. This statement of clarification uses the ACC/AHA revised structure for delineating the Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence to provide recommendations that replace those contained in Section 9.2.2.1 of the thoracic aortic disease guideline and Section 5.1.3 of the valvular heart disease guideline.
Ketoconazole treatment
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Tinea versicolor is a chronic hperficial infection of the skin, caused by Malassezia furfur. The disease is recurrent and hard to eradicate with topical antifungal agents. In this study we compared the efficacy, safety and tolerability of three regimens of oral treatment for tinea versicolor: itraconazole 200 mg/day for 1 week, itraconazole 100 mg/ day for 2 weeks and ketoconazole 800 mg in 2 weekly doses of 400mg. We randomly assigned 105 patients with extensive tinea versicolor to receive each of the three regimens and followed the patients for 16 weeks (a longer period than usual). At every visit, we checked the presence of tinea versicolor by direct KOH preparation and Wood’s lamp, and the presence of signs and symptoms of infection were recorded, Of the 105 patients, 89 completed the study, and no major side-effects were noted with any of the treatment regimens. Our results show that there were no significant differences in efficacy (cure rate), safety and tolerability between the three treatment regimens. The maximal cure rate was achieved after 8 weeks from the start of treatment and decreased slightly afterwards. We also demonstrated a lack of correlation between mycological cure and hypopigmentation at the end of treatment (2 weeks) and the usefulness of Wood’s lamp examination in detecting cure of tinea versicolor. u Dermatol Treat (1999) 10: 19-23)
Fatalities Attributed to Entering Manure Waste Pits—Minnesota, 1992
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of Tacrolimus on Glucose Metabolism before and after Renal Transplantation
Authors: ELLY M. VAN DUIJNHOVEN, JOHANNES M. M. BOOTS, MAARTEN H. L. CHRISTIAANS, BRUCE H. R. WOLFFENBUTTEL, JOHANNES P. VAN HOOFF
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Most studies concerning the influence of tacrolimus on glucose metabolism have been performed either in animals or after organ transplantation. These clinical studies have largely been transversal with patients who were using steroids. Therefore, this prospective, longitudinal study investigated the influence of tacrolimus on glucose metabolism before and after transplantation. Eighteen Caucasian dialysis patients underwent an intravenous glucose tolerance test before and 5 d after the start of tacrolimus. Insulin sensitivity index (k(G)), insulin resistance (insulin/glucose ratio and homeostasis model assessment), and C-peptide and insulin secretion were calculated. Trough levels of tacrolimus were measured. After transplantation, the occurrence of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) was prospectively monitored. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Spearman's rho for correlation. Before tacrolimus, k(G) was indeterminate in three patients. During tacrolimus, k(G) decreased in 16 of 18 patients, from a median of 1.74 mmol/L per min to 1.08 mmol/L per min (P<0.0001). The correlation between C-peptide and insulin data was excellent. Insulin secretion decreased from 851.0 mU x min/L to 558.0 mU x min/L (P = 0.014), whereas insulin resistance did not change. Insulin sensitivity correlated negatively with tacrolimus trough level. After transplantation, three patients developed PTDM; before tacrolimus, two had an indeterminate and one a low normal k(G). During tacrolimus administration, k(G) decreased in almost all patients as a result of a diminished insulin secretion response to a glucose load, whereas insulin resistance did not change. Patients with an abnormal or indeterminate k(G) seem to be at risk of developing PTDM while on tacrolimus.
Immuno-oncology safety education experience: Key lessons from ipilimumab (IPI)
Authors: Heddy Bartell, Jedd Wolchok, F Stephen Hodi, Helen Liu, Cynthia Wojtaszek, Jeffrey Weber
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts IPI (Yervoy®, Bristol-Myers Squibb) blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, a regulatory molecule on activated T cells. In March 2011, IPI, indicated for unresectable or metastatic melanoma (MEL), became the first immune checkpoint inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug
Fortnightly review: screening for asymptomatic colorectal cancer
Authors: H. E Mulcahy, M. J G Farthing, D. P O'Donoghue
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Western Europe and the United States with more than 300 000 cases a year. Most tumours evolve from normal mucosa to adenomatous polyp to invasive cancer, and survival is directly related to the extent of the disease at operation (fig 1). This strong relation between tumour stage and survival provides a rationale for intervention at an early pathological or premalignant stage.



Fig 1 
Survival of 777 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer stratified by tumour stage.1 (Data from St Vincent's Hospital colorectal cancer database)



Our research interests in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis, cost-benefit analyses of screening, and gastrointestinal endoscopy were helpful in researching and writing this review. The literature on screening for colorectal cancer is extensive, and we were therefore selective in the papers that we reviewed for this article. Our computerised literature search on a medical database (Ovid-Medline, Ovid Technologies, New York, USA)–which used the keywords “colonic neoplasms or rectal neoplasms or colorectal neoplasms” and “mass screening or screening (textword)”–yielded over 1800 matches since 1966. We selected randomised controlled trials when possible, but there are relatively few such studies published on faecal occult blood testing and none on flexible sigmoidoscopy. We also selected well conducted case-control studies, though many of the data are necessarily observational. In addition, we continuously reviewed general medical and gastroenterology journals for the most recent and important articles about screening.

#### Summary points

The strong relation between the stage of colorectal cancer and survival provides a rationale for screening, but present recommendations are controversial

Regular endoscopic screening is recommended for members of families with adenomatous polyposis and of families with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer

Subjects with one or two relatives with colorectal cancer should be assessed individually before a decision about colonoscopic screening is made

Screening populations at average risk of colorectal …
Phase I study of Caelyx (doxorubicin HCL, pegylated liposomal) in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer
Authors: F. Caponigro, P. Cornelia, A. Budillon, J. Bryce, A. Avallone, V. De Rosa, F. Ionna, G. Cornelia
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Early dietary protein restriction slows disease progression and lengthens survival in mice with polycystic kidney disease.
Authors: K Tomobe, D Philbrick, H M Aukema, W F Clark, M R Ogborn, A Parbtani, H Takahashi, B J Holub
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

The objective of these studies was to examine the effects of early dietary protein restriction on disease progression and survival in the DBA/2FG-pcy (pcy) mouse model of polycystic kidney disease. Male pcy mice of 70 days of age were fed either a normal protein (NP, 25% casein) or a low-protein (LP, 6% casein) diet for 105 days. At the end of the dietary treatment, kidney weight, kidney weight relative to body weight and kidney water contents were almost 50% lower, and relative renal phospholipid and triglyceride contents were almost 50% higher, in mice fed the LP diet, indicating a marked reduction in the progression of cystic disease. Morphometric analyses also revealed a lower total and percent cyst area in kidneys derived from mice on the LP compared with the NP diet. There were no significant differences in final body weight, urine volume and osmolality, GFR, proteinuria, or plasma levels of protein and urea between these two groups. In a second study, it was found that all mice fed an NP diet from 70 days of age onward had died by 310 days of age, compared with a 42% survival rate in LP-fed mice at this age. Overall, the mean lifespan for pcy mice on the LP diet was 24% longer than that for those mice on the NP diet (310 +/- 20 versus 251 +/- 16 days; P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase I study of multiple dose intramuscularly administered recombinant gamma interferon.
Authors: R Kurzrock, J R Quesada, M Talpaz, E M Hersh, J M Reuben, S A Sherwin, J U Gutterman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

We report the results of a phase I study of the tolerance and biologic activity of intramuscularly (IM)-administered recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma). Forty-four patients with metastatic cancer were given rIFN-gamma at doses ranging from 0.01 to 2.5 mg/m2/d for 42 days. The most common side effects were fever, flulike symptoms, night sweats, and granulocytopenia. The maximum tolerated dose was 0.5 mg/m2/d. Administration of rIFN-gamma resulted in modulation of immune system functions, including induction of major histocompatibility complex-associated antigens on blood leukocytes, an increase in blood surface immunoglobulin-bearing B cell and natural killer (NK) cell number, and NK cell cytotoxicity. Serum lysozyme, determined as an estimate of tissue macrophage activity, also increased. Serum assays for anti-interferon antibodies were negative in all patients. Five of eight evaluable patients with lymphoproliferative disorders showed objective evidence of tumor regression consisting of partial responses (two patients), and minor responses (three patients). These data suggest that further phase II studies of IM-administered rIFN-gamma are indicated.
Effects of an Intervention to Increase Bed Alarm Use to Prevent Falls in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Ronald I. Shorr, A. Michelle Chandler, Lorraine C. Mion, Teresa M. Waters, Minzhao Liu, Michael J. Daniels, Lori A. Kessler, Stephen T. Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Hospital bed alarms intended to prevent falls alert health care personnel when a patient rises from a chair or bed. A multifactorial intervention, providing education, training, and technical suppo...
Failure to detect cytomegalovirus DNA in IgA nephropathy by polymerase chain reaction.
Authors: A Telenti, J V Donadio, T F Smith
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1990)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 1(5):p 841, November 1990. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.V15841
Is glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonism as effective in women as in men following percutaneous coronary intervention?
Authors: Laura S Fernandes, James E Tcheng, J.Conor O’Shea, Bonnie Weiner, Todd J Lorenz, Cindy Pacchiana, Lisa G Berdan, Kelly J Maresh, Diane Joseph, Mina Madan, Tift Mann, Rakhi Kilaru, Judith S Hochman, Neal S Kleiman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Elastase inhibitor. Characterization of the human elastase inhibitor molecule associated with monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils.
Authors: E Remold-O'Donnell, J C Nixon, R M Rose
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

A fast-acting inhibitor of serine elastase has been detected at high levels in human neutrophils, fresh monocytes, matured monocytes, and macrophages. The elastase inhibitor was isolated from large scale cultures of the monocyte-like cell line U937 by DNase chromatography, disulfide exchange, Phenyl-Sepharose, Red A-agarose, and DEAE HPLC chromatography with an average yield of 480 micrograms from 1.8 x 10(10) cells. The isolated polypeptide was verified as elastase inhibitor by its ability to (a) form a covalent complex with elastase; and (b) inhibit the elastinolytic activity of elastase. The purified elastase inhibitor molecule is unique, i.e., physiochemical and/or functional properties distinguish it from all other serine proteinase inhibitors. Treatment with iodoacetamide abrogates the ability of the molecule to form a complex with elastase, thereby providing evidence for the presence of an essential cysteine residue. Based on functional criteria, this elastase inhibitor has been grouped with the proteinase inhibitors of the serpin superfamily. The purified elastase inhibitor is a single polypeptide of Mr approximately 42,000. The NH2 terminus appears to be blocked. Compositional analyses indicates five cysteine residues per molecule of approximately 360 amino acid residues. Negligible levels of carbohydrate were detected on gas-liquid chromatography. This finding and the insensitivity of the molecule to peptide N-glycosidase F treatment strongly indicate that the elastase inhibitor is a nonglycosylated protein.
The orchestra of lipid-transfer proteins at the crossroads between metabolism and signaling
Authors: Antonella Chiapparino, Kenji Maeda, Denes Turei, Julio Saez-Rodriguez, Anne-Claude Gavin
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2015)

Within the eukaryotic cell, more than 1000 species of lipids define a series of membranes essential for cell function. Tightly controlled systems of lipid transport underlie the proper spatiotemporal distribution of membrane lipids, the coordination of spatially separated lipid metabolic pathways, and lipid signaling mediated by soluble proteins that may be localized some distance away from membranes. Alongside the well-established vesicular transport of lipids, non-vesicular transport mediated by a group of proteins referred to as lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs) is emerging as a key mechanism of lipid transport in a broad range of biological processes. More than a hundred LTPs exist in humans and these can be divided into at least ten protein families. LTPs are widely distributed in tissues, organelles and membrane contact sites (MCSs), as well as in the extracellular space. They all possess a soluble and globular domain that encapsulates a lipid monomer and they specifically bind and transport a wide range of lipids. Here, we present the most recent discoveries in the functions and physiological roles of LTPs, which have expanded the playground of lipids into the aqueous spaces of cells.
WITHDRAWN: A ‘combo’ experimental design approach for assembly and optimization of imatinib-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Seong Yeob Kim, Biki Gupta, Bijay Kumar Poudel, Shiva Pathak, Han-Gon Choi, Jee-Heon Jeong, Jong Oh Kim, Chul Soon Yong
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
Somatic PHF6 Mutations In Myeloid Malignancies
Authors: Wenyi Shen, Bartlomiej P Przychodzen, Chantana Polprasert, Naoko Hosono, Brittney Dienes, Satoru Miyano, Yuichi Shiraishi, Kenichi Yoshida, Seishi Ogawa, Yogen Saunthararajah, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Hideki Makishima
Journal: Blood (2013)