tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic Toxicities Experienced During Anticancer Treatment: Agreement Between Patient and Physician Reporting in Three Randomized Trials
Authors: Massimo Di Maio, Ciro Gallo, Natasha B. Leighl, Maria Carmela Piccirillo, Gennaro Daniele, Francesco Nuzzo, Cesare Gridelli, Vittorio Gebbia, Fortunato Ciardiello, Sabino De Placido, Anna Ceribelli, Adolfo G. Favaretto, Andrea de Matteis, Ronald Feld, Charles Butts, Jane Bryce, Simona Signoriello, Alessandro Morabito, Gaetano Rocco, Francesco Perrone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Information about symptomatic toxicities of anticancer treatments is not based on direct report by patients, but rather on reports by clinicians in trials. Given the potential for under-reporting, our aim was to compare reporting by patients and physicians of six toxicities (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, and hair loss) within three randomized trials.In one trial, elderly patients with breast cancer received adjuvant chemotherapy; in two trials, patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer received first-line treatment. Toxicity was prospectively collected by investigators (graded by National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0] or Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 3]). At the end of each cycle, patients completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life questionnaires, including toxicity-related symptom items. Possible answers were "not at all," "a little," "quite a bit," and "very much." Analysis was limited to the first three cycles. For each toxicity, agreement between patients and physicians and under-reporting by physicians (ie, toxicity reported by patients but not reported by physicians) were calculated.Overall, 1,090 patients (2,482 cycles) were included. Agreement between patients and physicians was low for all toxicities. Toxicity rates reported by physicians were always lower than those reported by patients. For patients who reported toxicity (any severity), under-reporting by physicians ranged from 40.7% to 74.4%. Examining only patients who reported "very much" toxicity, under-reporting by physicians ranged from 13.0% to 50.0%.Subjective toxicities are at high risk of under-reporting by physicians, even when prospectively collected within randomized trials. This strongly supports the incorporation of patient-reported outcomes into toxicity reporting in clinical trials.
Setting Goals to Maintain Hope
Authors: Jamie H. Von Roenn, Charles F. von Gunten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools ART OF ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.10.161 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12560453 Setting Goals to Maintain Hope Jamie H. Von RoennxJamie H. Von RoennSearch for articles by this author , Charles F. von GuntenxCharles F. von GuntenSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Section of Medical Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and Center for Palliative Studies, San Diego Hospice, San Diego, CA. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.10.161 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Therapeutic Expression of an Anti-Death Receptor 5 Single-Chain Fixed-Variable Region Prevents Tumor Growth in Mice
Authors: Juan Shi, Yanxin Liu, Yong Zheng, Yabin Guo, Jinchun Zhang, Pik-to Cheung, Ruian Xu, Dexian Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The clinical use of the single-chain fixed-variable (scFv) fragments of recombinant monoclonal antibodies as credible alternatives for classic therapeutic antibodies has two limitations: rapid blood clearance and inefficient local expression of functional molecules. In attempt to address these issues, we have developed a novel gene therapy protocol in which the anti-death receptor 5 (DR5) scFv fragments were either in vitro expressed in several tumor cell lines, or in vivo expressed in mice, using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)–mediated gene transfer. Viral transduction using the rAAV-S3C construct, which encodes a scFv molecule (S3C scFv) specific to DR5, led to stable expression in tumor cell lines and showed apoptosis-inducing activity in vitro, which could be inhibited by recombinant DR5 but not by DR4. A single i.m. injection of rAAV-S3C virus in nude mice resulted in stable expression of DR5-binding S3C scFv proteins in mouse sera for at least 240 days. Moreover, the expression of S3C scFv was associated with significant suppression of tumor growth and the increase of tumor cell apoptosis in previously established s.c. human lung LTEP-sml and liver Hep3B tumor xenografts. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11946-53)
OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HYSTERIA
Authors: SAMUEL B. GUZE, MICHAEL J. PERLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

This study, based upon a 6- to 8-year follow-up of 25 patients, who were diagnosed as suffering from hysteria originally, and again at follow-up, resulted in the following conclusions: 1. Hysteria, as here defined, is a distinct, recognizable syndrome which is very similar in its clinical features from patient to patient; 2. Hysteria is a chronic illness which lasts many years and which is nearly always free from significant remissions; 3. Hysteria is a multisymptomatic syndrome which can and should be distinguished from conversion reactions, which are individual symptoms found in many disorders in addition to hysteria.
Novel <i>MSH6</i> Mutations in Treatment-Naïve Glioblastoma and Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma Contribute to Temozolomide Resistance Independently of <i>MGMT</i> Promoter Methylation
Authors: Stephanie A. Nguyen, Owen D.M. Stechishin, H. Artee Luchman, Xueqing Q. Lun, Donna L. Senger, Stephen M. Robbins, J. Gregory Cairncross, Samuel Weiss
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: The current standard of care for glioblastoma (GBM) involves a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy, but this regimen fails to achieve long-term tumor control. Resistance to temozolomide is largely mediated by expression of the DNA repair enzyme MGMT; however, emerging evidence suggests that inactivation of MSH6 and other mismatch repair proteins plays an important role in temozolomide resistance. Here, we investigate endogenous MSH6 mutations in GBM, anaplastic oligodendroglial tumor tissue, and corresponding brain tumor–initiating cell lines (BTIC). Experimental Design: MSH6 sequence and MGMT promoter methylation were determined in human tumor samples and BTICs. Sensitivity to temozolomide was evaluated in vitro using BTICs in the absence and presence of O6-benzylguanine to deplete MGMT. The influence of MGMT and MSH6 status on in vivo sensitivity to temozolomide was evaluated using intracranial BTIC xenografts. Results: We identified 11 previously unreported mutations in MSH6 in nine different glioma samples and six paired BTIC lines from adult patients. In addition, MSH6 mutations were documented in three oligodendrogliomas and two treatment-naïve gliomas, both previously unreported findings. These mutations were found to influence the sensitivity of BTICs to temozolomide both in vitro and in vivo, independent of MGMT promoter methylation status. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that endogenous MSH6 mutations may be present before alkylator therapy and occur in at least two histologic subtypes of adult glial neoplasms, with this report serving as the first to note these mutations in oligodendroglioma. These findings broaden our understanding of the clinical response to temozolomide in gliomas. Clin Cancer Res; 20(18); 4894–903. ©2014 AACR.
EFFECTS OF TEN WEEKS OF EITHER MULTIPLE-SET TRAINING OR SINGLE-SET TRAINING ON STRENGTH AND MUSCLE MASS
Authors: Björn Eichmann, Jürgen Gießing
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background It is generally accepted that strength and muscle mass can be increased by strength training programs. Results are known to depend on training volume and training intensity. 1 2 Strength increases when performing sets to the Repetition Maximum (PM) or even to the point of momentary muscular failure (PmF) and muscle hypertrophy has been proven to be superior to the results of sets performed at lower levels of intensity. 3 4 Methods In this study (n=43) subjects trained twice a week for ten weeks. One group performed high-intensity training (n=16) and did only one drop-set of each exercise to the point of momentary muscular failure (HIT), whereas the other group (n=14) performed as many repetitions as possible in each set and did three sets of each exercise (3ST). The control group (n=13) did not strength train at all. The body composition of all groups was analysed in weeks 0 and 11. Subjects also performed strength tests for nine exercises in weeks 0 and 11. Results Strength tests and bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita MC 180, MA) show increased strength and muscle mass in both training groups but not in the control group. 5 However, both strength and muscle mass increased to a greater extent in HIT than in 3ST. After ten weeks of training HIT increased the maximum number of repetitions in the nine test exercise by an average of 25 (15.7/40.3) repetitions per exercise while 3ST increased repetitions by an average of only 15 (6.4/24) repetitions per exercise. Furthermore, HIT increased to a significantly greater extent than 3ST while simultaneously decreasing body fat. Discussion/Conclusions One set of HIT is sufficient to improve muscle mass and strength. On average, results over a training period of ten weeks are better than those of 3ST. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of HIT and 3ST training periods longer than ten weeks.
An eclectic approach towards physical education and schools of philosophy
Authors: Arvind Mishra
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Be it education, system or profession each has its own philosophy that gives direction to the policy determination, teaches how to use the acquired skills, knowledge, clarifies the values and beliefs. Physical education also has its own philosophy. In ancient period, the general form of the philosophy of physical education is visible in the social, political and spiritual life of that time and it's special form is visible in the branch of education in which efforts were made to educate both men as well as society. In modern age the philosophy of physical education has broad perspective, from the philosophical point of view the study of sports, education, life, religion and science are united in the physical education. To express the philosophy of physical education all these are used as per requirement. In accordance with the time, condition and place, physical education also has been influenced by different philosophical schools. Consequently, the form of physical education has also been undergoing change. These schools have influenced differently all aspects of physical education, such as: aims, objectives, methods, curricula, teaching, discipline, administration, nature of the schools and organisations, etc. The chief goal of the present study is to highlight the influence of various philosophical schools such as idealism, pragmatism, naturalism and realism, etc their origin, principles, leading thinkers and their influence on physical education as well as their role in the determination of the form, objectives, curriculum, techniques of teaching, administration and discipline, etc. So that more effective schools become known and are utilised for making necessary policies and programmes leading to the development and bright future of physical education. Findings of this study, in short, are that no educational philosophy is complete in itself. Tendency of accumulation of the best of the various philosophies and principles is a specialty of physical education. The eminent educationist Ross has said ‘If the goals of education are taken from the idealism and teaching methods and experimentation from naturalism and pragmatism. It would lead to the creation of the best educational philosophy’. From pre-primary and primary to the highest level we ought to adopt eclectic tendency to determine the educational objectives, curricula and methods, etc then only we can set-up an ideal and effective educational system and to train the citizens having good character and conduct, according to the democratic ideals we can establish a healthy, progressive, secular-society and a prestigious democratic country.
Assessment of sputum prostaglandins and leukotrienes in COPD exacerbations
Authors: Orsolya Drozdovszky, Imre Barta, Balázs Antus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Eicosanoids have been implicated in the pathophysiology of COPD. However, their role in exacerbation is uncertain. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 8-isoprostane, prostaglandin E 2  (PGE 2 ) and cysteinil-leukotrienes (cys-LT) in the sputum of COPD patients hospitalized with an acute exacerbation.   Methods:  We studied 25 stable COPD patients (age: 62.1±1.6 years, 48.8±4.8 pack-years, GOLD: I-III) and 34 patients (age: 64.6±2.2 years, 45.8±4.1 pack-years, GOLD: I-IV), first, at hospital admission due to an exacerbation and again after treatment. Eicosanoids in sputum were determined by enzyme-immunoassay (Cayman). Data are presented as mean±SEM.   Results:  Sputum PGE 2 , 8-isoprostane and LTB 4  levels were increased in patients with exacerbation compared to stable subjects (PGE 2 : 36.3 [13.3-81.9] vs. 3.82 [1.77-6.63] pg/ml, p 4 : 581.7 [244.7-776.9] vs. 276.1 [105.4-594.7] pg/ml, p 2  was decreased significantly (19.4 [4.6-52.5] pg/ml, p 2  and sputum total (r=0.57, p   Conclusions:  PGE 2  in sputum may be a useful marker for monitoring exacerbation-associated inflammation within the airway of patients with COPD, and its role should be further investigated. Cys-LT may not be involved in the process.
Platelet Function Predicts Myocardial Damage in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Martin Frossard, Ingrid Fuchs, Judith M. Leitner, Kety Hsieh, Marianne Vlcek, Heidrun Losert, Hans Domanovits, Wolfgang Schreiber, Anton N. Laggner, Bernd Jilma
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Platelet activation is a hallmark of acute coronary syndromes. Numerous lines of evidence suggest a mechanistic link between von Willebrand factor or platelet hyperfunction and myocardial damage in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Thus, we assessed whether platelet function under high shear rates (collagen adenosine diphosphate closure times [CADP-CTs]) measured with the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) may be enhanced in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and whether it may predict the extent of myocardial damage as measured by creatine kinase (CK-MB) or troponin T (TnT) levels. Methods and Results— Patients with acute chest pain or symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndromes (n=216) were prospectively examined at an emergency department. CADP-CT was significantly shorter in patients with MI, particularly in those with an ST-segment-elevation MI (STEMI) compared with the other patient groups (unstable angina, stable coronary artery disease, or controls). Furthermore, CADP-CT and collagen epinephrine–CT at presentation were independent predictors of myocardial damage as measured by CK-MB or TnT. Patients with MI whose CADP-CT values fell in the first quartile had 3-fold higher CK-MB and TnT levels than those in the fourth quartile. Conclusions— Patients with STEMI have significantly enhanced platelet function when measured under high shear rates. CADP-CT is an independent predictor of the severity of MI, as measured by markers of cardiac necrosis. Measurement of platelet function with the PFA-100 may help in the risk stratification of patients presenting with MI.
Gene Expression Profiling after Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Is Strongly Predictive of <i>BRCA1</i> Mutation Carrier Status
Authors: Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Richard D. Williams, Nicola Cattini, Maria Copeland, Ian Giddings, Richard Wooster, Robert H. tePoele, Paul Workman, Barry Gusterson, John Peacock, Gerald Gui, Colin Campbell, Ros Eeles
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The impact of the presence of a germ-line BRCA1 mutation on gene expression in normal breast fibroblasts after radiation-induced DNA damage has been investigated. Experimental Design: High-density cDNA microarray technology was used to identify differential responses to DNA damage in fibroblasts from nine heterozygous BRCA1 mutation carriers compared with five control samples without personal or family history of any cancer. Fibroblast cultures were irradiated, and their expression profile was compared using intensity ratios of the cDNA microarrays representing 5603 IMAGE clones. Results: Class comparison and class prediction analysis has shown that BRCA1 mutation carriers can be distinguished from controls with high probability (∼85%). Significance analysis of microarrays and the support vector machine classifier identified gene sets that discriminate the samples according to their mutation status. These include genes already known to interact with BRCA1 such as CDKN1B, ATR, and RAD51. Conclusions: The results of this initial study suggest that normal cells from heterozygous BRCA1 mutation carriers display a different gene expression profile from controls in response to DNA damage. Adaptations of this pilot result to other cell types could result in the development of a functional assay for BRCA1 mutation status.
Growth Inhibitory and Antimetastatic Effect of Green Tea Polyphenols on Metastasis-Specific Mouse Mammary Carcinoma 4T1 Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Systems
Authors: Manjeshwar S. Baliga, Sreelatha Meleth, Santosh K. Katiyar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among females. Dietary habits may have a role in breast cancer risk and prevention as well. Here, we examined the effect of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on growth and metastasis of highly metastatic mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells in vitro and in vivo systems. Experimental Design: 4T1 cells were treated with (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and the effect was determined on cellular proliferation, induction of apoptosis, proapoptosis, and antiapoptotic proteins of Bcl-2 family, and caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation following 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. Anticarcinogenic and antimetastatic effect of GTP in 4T1 cells was assessed in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Results: Treatment of 4T1 cells with EGCG resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manner. The increase in apoptosis was accompanied with decrease in the protein expression of Bcl-2 concomitantly increase in Bax, cytochrome c release, Apaf-1, and cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP proteins. Treatment of EGCG-rich GTP in drinking water to 4T1 cells bearing BALB/c mice resulted in reduction of tumor growth accompanied with increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen and activation of caspase 3 in tumors. Metastasis of tumor cells to lungs was inhibited and survival period of animals was increased after green tea treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that GTP have the ability to prevent the development of breast cancer and its metastasis; however, further in vivo studies are required to identify the molecular targets.
Lymphovascular Invasion is a Significant Prognosticator in Rectal Cancer Patients who Receive Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Total Mesorectal Excision
Authors: J.H. Lee, H.S. Jang, J.-G. Kim, H.M. Cho, B.Y. Shim, S.T. Oh, S.-C. Yoon, Y.-S. Kim, B.O. Choi, S.H. Kim
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
In-vitro reactions of lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases.
Authors: K Froebel, R D Sturrock, P Reynolds, A Grennan, A Roxburgh, R N MacSween
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Various lymphocyte functions and the percentage of different subpopulations have been measured in groups of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis, Sjögren9s syndrome, sicca complex, and in normal controls. Several abnormal results were found--in the responses to mitogens, in the antibody-dependent cytotoxic test, and in the percentages of EA rosettes (antibody sensitised chick red cells test) and surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells. In the light of these findings cytotoxicity and lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in further groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients in whom the disease was at different stages. The results showed that the changes in cytotoxic potential occurred in patients with active arthritis. Correlation tests showed significant positive associations between the percentage of SE rosette-forming cells (sheep red cells test) and the mitogenic responses to phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A, and between the percentage of EA rosette-forming cells and the levels of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. The results are discussed in the light of our understanding of cellular subpopulations in the immune system.
Dietary Patterns and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Men and Women
Authors: D. S. Michaud, H. G. Skinner, K. Wu, F. Hu, E. Giovannucci, W. C. Willett, G. A. Colditz, C. S. Fuchs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Background: Diabetes appears to be associated with the development of pancreatic cancer. Three large prospective cohort studies observed a statistically significant relationbetween obesity and pancreatic cancer risk. Dietary patterns have been associated with fasting insulin levels and risk of diabetes. To determine whether dietary patterns are associated with pancreatic cancer risk, we analyzed data from two large prospective cohort studies. Methods: We combined data for men and women to obtain a total of 366 cases of incident pancreatic cancer from a total of 124 672 eligible participants. Dietary data were obtained from food frequency questionnaires in 1986 for men and in 1984 for women. We identified two major dietary patterns, prudent and western, by factor analysis. The prudent pattern was characterized by high fruit and vegetable intake; the western pattern was characterized by high meat and high fat intakes. Multivariable relative risks (RRs) were adjusted for potential confounders, including smoking and body mass index. Results: In the pooled analysis of men and women, no associations were observed between the prudent pattern (RR = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66 to 2.63, for highest versus lowest quintile) or the western pattern (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.47, for highest versus lowest quintile) and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Stratifying by body mass index or physical activity did not change the associations. Conclusion: Dietary patterns were not associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer in two large cohort studies of men and women.