tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF BALANCE TRAINING ON DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITY
Authors: R De Ridder, T Willems, J Vanrenterghem, P Roosen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a frequently reported residual outcome after an acute ankle sprain. Balance training is common daily practice in treatment of CAI, but its effect on CAI associated mechanisms as postural control remains unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to establish the presence of postural deficits in subjects with CAI and assess the effect of an 8-week balance training program on dynamic postural control. Design Case-control baseline group characteristics were determined and intervention effects were evaluated. Setting All subjects were tested in a laboratory setting and the intervention group performed a home-based balance protocol. Participants Data were collected for 74 recreationally active subjects (43 subjects with CAI and 31 controls). Interventions Subjects with CAI performed an 8-week progressive, home-based balance protocol. Subjects had to perform these balance exercises 3 times a week. Eighteen subjects with CAI first served as control group without intervention, before entering the balance program. Main outcome measurements Postural control was quantified by means of the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI) and its separate directional stability indices (mediolateral, anterior/posterior and vertical). Perceptual outcomes were documented using the FADI and FADI-Sport. Results At baseline, subjects with CAI displayed higher anterior/posterior (P=.002) and vertical postural instability (P=.001), a poorer DPSI (P&lt;.001), and lower subjective stability scores (FADI and FADI-Sport, P&lt;.001) compared to the control group. After balance training, stability scores improved significantly (FADI p=0.001, FADI-Sport P=.005), although no changes were noted for the stability indices. Conclusion Subjects with CAI have an impaired postural control. As a treatment modality, balance training exhibits its capability of improving the subjective feeling of instability in subjects with CAI. However, there was no effect on dynamic postural control measured by DPSI.
Influence of Time of Day of Blood Pressure–Lowering Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ramón C. Hermida, Diana E. Ayala, Artemio Mojón, José R. Fernández
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE We prospectively investigated in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes if bedtime treatment with ≥1 hypertension medications exerts better blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk reduction than conventional therapy, in which all medications are ingested in the morning. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point trial on 448 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, 255 men/193 women, mean ± SD age 62.5 ± 10.8 years, randomized to ingest all their prescribed hypertension medications upon awakening or ≥1 of them at bedtime. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured for 48 h at baseline and again annually or even more frequently (quarterly) after adjustments in treatment. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 5.4 years, patients ingesting ≥1 hypertension medications at bedtime showed a significantly lower cardiovascular risk (adjusted by age and sex) than subjects ingesting all medications upon awakening (hazard ratio 0.33 [95% CI 0.21–0.54]; P &amp;lt; 0.001). The difference between groups in the adjusted risk of major events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) was also statistically significant (0.25 [0.10–0.61]; P = 0.003). Patients treated at bedtime showed significantly lower sleep time blood pressure mean and higher prevalence of controlled ambulatory blood pressure (62.5 vs. 50.9%; P = 0.013). There was a significant 12% cardiovascular risk reduction per each 5 mmHg decrease in asleep systolic blood pressure during follow-up (P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with diabetes, treatment with ≥1 hypertension medications at bedtime, compared with all medications upon waking, resulted in improved ambulatory blood pressure control and significantly reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Mature MicroRNA Sequence Polymorphism in <i>MIR196A2</i> Is Associated with Risk and Prognosis of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Brock C. Christensen, Michele Avissar-Whiting, Lauren G. Ouellet, Rondi A. Butler, Heather H. Nelson, Michael D. McClean, Carmen J. Marsit, Karl T. Kelsey
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

The central role of microRNAs as regulators of translation has been well established, whereas the relationships between genetic variation in microRNAs and disease risk is only beginning to be explored. A polymorphism in the MIR196A2 locus has shown associations with lung, breast, esophageal, and gastric tumors but has not been examined in head and neck cancers, which share similar pathology and etiology to these diseases.We studied a polymorphism in the mature sequence of MIR196A2 (rs11614913, C/T) in a population-based case-control study (n = 1,039) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to determine if MIR196A2 genotype was associated with disease occurrence and patient survival.Presence of any variant allele was associated with a significantly reduced risk for HNSCC (odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.99). Homozygous variant allele carriers with pharyngeal tumors had significantly reduced survival compared with wild-type and heterozygous cases (hazard ratio, 7.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-28.2). Expression analysis in a subset of tumors (n = 83) revealed no significant difference in relative expression of either miR-196a or miR-196a* by MIR196A2 genotype.These data demonstrate a role for MIR196A2 genotype in susceptibility and prognosis of HNSCC.
Altered translation of GATA1 in Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Authors: Leif S Ludwig, Hanna T Gazda, Jennifer C Eng, Stephen W Eichhorn, Prathapan Thiru, Roxanne Ghazvinian, Tracy I George, Jason R Gotlib, Alan H Beggs, Colin A Sieff, Harvey F Lodish, Eric S Lander, Vijay G Sankaran
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Combined Oral Contraceptives in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Michelle Petri, Mimi Y. Kim, Kenneth C. Kalunian, Jennifer Grossman, Bevra H. Hahn, Lisa R. Sammaritano, Michael Lockshin, Joan T. Merrill, H. Michael Belmont, Anca D. Askanase, W. Joseph McCune, Michelene Hearth-Holmes, Mary Anne Dooley, Joan Von Feldt, Alan Friedman, Mark Tan, John Davis, Mary Cronin, Betty Diamond, Meggan Mackay, Lisa Sigler, Michael Fillius, Ann Rupel, Frederick Licciardi, Jill P. Buyon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Oral contraceptives are rarely prescribed for women with systemic lupus erythematosus, because of concern about potential negative side effects. In this double-blind, randomized, noninferiority trial, we prospectively evaluated the effect of oral contraceptives on lupus activity in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Predicting response to epigenetic therapy
Authors: Marianne B. Treppendahl, Lasse S. Kristensen, Kirsten Grønbæk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Drugs targeting the epigenome are new promising cancer treatment modalities; however, not all patients receive the same benefit from these drugs. In contrast to conventional chemotherapy, responses may take several months after the initiation of treatment to occur. Accordingly, identification of good pretreatment predictors of response is of great value. Many clinical parameters and molecular targets have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies with varying results, leaving room for optimization. Here we provide an overview of markers that may predict the efficacy of FDA- and EMA-approved epigenetic drugs.
Antigen-specific T-cell memory is preserved in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: W. Nicholas Haining, Donna S. Neuberg, Heather L. Keczkemethy, John W. Evans, Stephen Rivoli, Rebecca Gelman, Howard M. Rosenblatt, William T. Shearer, Javier Guenaga, Daniel C. Douek, Lewis B. Silverman, Stephen E. Sallan, Eva C. Guinan, Lee M. Nadler
Journal: Blood (2005)
Physiological and pathological role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the vascular smooth muscle cell
Authors: M. Demasi, F. R. M. Laurindo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plasticity implies a capacity for rapid change and adaptability through processes requiring protein turnover. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is at the core of protein turnover as the main pathway for the degradation of proteins related to cell-cycle regulation, signalling, apoptosis, and differentiation. This review briefly addresses some structural UPS aspects under the perspective of VSMC (patho)biology. The UPS loss-of-function promotes direct cell effects and many indirect effects related to the adaptation to apoptosis/survival signalling, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The UPS regulates redox homeostasis and is redox-regulated. Also, the UPS closely interacts with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis as the effector of un/misfolded protein degradation, and ER stress is strongly involved in atherosclerosis. Inhibition of cell cycle-controlling ubiquitin ligases or the proteasome reduces VSMC proliferation and prevents modulation of their synthetic phenotype. Proteasome inhibition also strongly promotes VSMC apoptosis and reduces neointima. In atherosclerosis models, proteasome inhibitors display vasculoprotective effects and reduce inflammation. However, worsening of atherosclerosis or vascular dysfunction has also been reported. Proteasome inhibitors sensitize VSMC to increased ER stress-mediated cell death and suppress unfolded protein response signalling. Taken together, these observations show that the UPS has powerful effects in the control of VSMC phenotype and survival signalling. However, more profound knowledge of mechanisms is needed in order to render the UPS an operational therapeutic target.
Conversion Testing of Schoolchildren After B.C.G. Vaccination
Authors: K. N. Irvine
Journal: BMJ (1958)

JOURNLto injury is suggested by the frequency of keloids and by a curious dissociation between peptic ulceration, which is common enough, and perforation, which is unusual. SummaryThe adrenal glands in Jamaicans are smaller than in Europeans.This reduction in size is probably due to a reduced cortical mass.It is suggested that this reduced cortical mass is con- cerned in the poor response to shock reported in Jamaicans and others of African descent.It may also play some part in the different pattern of disease encountered in Jamaica.
Breast-Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes in the Youth of Three Ethnic Groups
Authors: Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Dana Dabelea, Archana Pande Lamichhane, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Angela D. Liese, Joan Thomas, Robert E. McKeown, Richard F. Hamman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

To evaluate the hypothesis that breast-feeding is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes among African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white youth, mediated in part by current weight status.The SEARCH Case-Control Study, an ancillary study to SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, was conducted in two of six SEARCH clinical sites. Eighty youth with type 2 diabetes aged 10-21 years were included. Nondiabetic control participants were recruited from primary care provider offices (n = 167). Breast-feeding information was recalled by biological mothers.Prevalence (%) of breast-feeding (any duration) was lower among youth with type 2 diabetes than among control subjects (19.5 vs. 27.1 for African Americans, 50.0 vs. 83.8 for Hispanics, and 39.1 vs. 77.6 for non-Hispanic whites). The overall crude odds ratio for the association of breast-feeding (ever versus never) and type 2 diabetes was 0.26 (95% CI 0.15-0.46). Results were similar by race/ethnic group (P value for interaction = 0.17). The odds ratio for the association after adjusting for 12 potential confounders was 0.43 (0.19-0.99). When current BMI z-score was added to the model, the odds ratio was attenuated (0.82 [0.30-2.30]), suggesting possible mediation through current childhood weight status. Analyses that incorporated duration of breast-feeding, adjusted for potential confounders, provided evidence for dose response (test for trend, P value <0.0001), even after inclusion of BMI z-score.Breast-feeding appears to be protective against development of type 2 diabetes in youth, mediated in part by current weight status in childhood.
Metabolic and Functional Protection by Selective Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 During Ischemia-Reperfusion in Isolated Perfused Hearts
Authors: Ravichandran Ramasamy, Yuying C. Hwang, Yulin Liu, Ni Huiping Son, Ningsheng Ma, John Parkinson, Robert Sciacca, Arline Albala, Niloo Edwards, Matthias J. Szabolcs, Paul J. Cannon
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Drugs that selectively block nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 2 enzyme activity by inhibiting dimerization of NOS2 monomers have recently been developed. Methods and Results— To investigate whether selective inhibition of NOS2 is cardioprotective, rats were pretreated for 2 days with BBS2, an inhibitor of NOS2 dimerization, at 15 mg/kg SC. Isolated buffer-perfused hearts from treated (n=9) and control (n=7) hearts were subjected to 20 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. NOS2 protein was upregulated in all hearts at the end of ischemia and of reperfusion; NOS2 enzyme activity was 60% lower in hearts from the treated animals. In the treated hearts, the increase in end-diastolic pressure was significantly attenuated at the end of ischemia, and the return of developed pressure at reperfusion was greater ( P &lt;0.05). Creatine kinase release at reperfusion was lower in treated hearts than in controls ( P =0.02). At the end of ischemia and of reperfusion, myocardial ATP levels were significantly higher in the treated hearts than in controls ( P &lt;0.05). In the treated hearts under ischemic conditions, lactate content was higher and the lactate/pyruvate ratio was lower than in controls ( P &lt;0.05); GAPDH activity was higher; and G-3-P and aldose reductase activity were lower. At reperfusion, in the treated hearts, there was less histological damage and less apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells. Conclusions— Pretreatment with BBS2, a selective inhibitor of NOS2, improves contractile performance, preserves myocardial ATP, and reduces damage and death of cardiac myocytes during ischemia and reperfusion of isolated buffer-perfused rat hearts.
Eczema susceptibility and composition of faecal microbiota at 4 weeks of age: a pilot study in Chinese infants
Authors: M.F. Tang, H.Y. Sy, J.S.L. Kwok, W.H. Tam, K.L. Hon, C.K.C. Tung, G.W.K. Wong, S.K.W. Tsui, T.F. Leung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)
THE IMPORTANCE OF URINALYSIS IN DIAGNOSIS.
Authors: A. B. WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Elimination of the worn-out products of tissue change and the unappropriated parts of the food takes place from the body in the expired air, skin, feces and urine. The oxidized carbon of the tissues by the lungs and cutaneous surface, the insoluble<i>débris</i>of the food excreted by the intestines, while the urine contains essentially the nitrogenous and other soluble products. The urine containing the watery constituents of the blood, with some dissolved salts, is one of the most important excretions from the body, and with our present knowledge of urinalysis much can be learned by its examination. The changes which this secretion undergoes in health and disease have been studied since the earliest history of medicine. Hippocrates taught the effects of food and drink upon this excretion, its variation in color, odor and transparency, attributing their changes to disease of the urinary organs. Galen simply added to this knowledge
Salicylate ototoxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled study.
Authors: J T Halla, J G Hardin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Tinnitus or subjective hearing loss, or both, were reported by 61 of 134 (45%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) taking regular salicylates and by 73 of 182 (40%) untreated healthy subjects. In the patients with RA mean salicylate levels were not higher in those with tinnitus than in those without tinnitus, but levels were significantly higher in those with subjective hearing loss than in those with no symptoms. Twenty five per cent of the patients with RA had tinnitus or subjective hearing loss with salicylate levels less than 1.42 mmol/l. Audiometric responses in 31 patients correlated poorly with symptoms. Tinnitus and subjective hearing loss may be too non-specific to be reliable as tools for adjusting the salicylate level into the therapeutic range.
Renal Insulin Resistance Syndrome, Adiponectin and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Kidney Disease
Authors: Bjoern Becker, Florian Kronenberg, Jan T. Kielstein, Hermann Haller, Christian Morath, Eberhard Ritz, Danilo Fliser
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

The relationship among insulin resistance, adiponectin, and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity in patients with mild and moderate kidney disease was investigated. Insulin sensitivity (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR]) and adiponectin plasma levels were assessed in 227 nondiabetic renal patients at different degrees of renal dysfunction and in 76 healthy subjects of similar age and gender distribution and body mass index. In renal patients, association with prevalent CV events was evaluated, and incident CV events were evaluated in a prospective study. HOMA-IR was markedly higher in patients than in healthy subjects (3.59 ± 3.55 versus 1.39 ± 0.51; P < 0.01). In renal patients, HOMA-IR was significantly correlated with body mass index (r = 0.477; P < 0.01), triglycerides (r = 0.384; P < 0.01), adiponectin plasma levels (r = −0.253; P < 0.01), and age (r = 0.164; P < 0.05), but not with renal function (GFR by iod-thalamate clearance). Patients with previous CV events were significantly older, had higher HOMA-IR and serum triglycerides, and had lower adiponectin plasma levels (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed age (P < 0.001) and adiponectin (P < 0.002) as independent variables related to prevalent CV events. In the prospective study, median follow-up was 54 mo. Patients who experienced CV events had significantly higher serum glucose and lower adiponectin plasma levels (both P < 0.05). In patients with chronic kidney diseases, a syndrome of insulin resistance is present even in the earliest stage of renal dysfunction, and several components of this syndrome are associated with CV events. Moreover, hypoadiponectinemia is a novel putative CV risk factor in patients with mild and moderate renal failure.
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Lessons From Clinical and Translational Studies
Authors: Mallay Occhiogrosso, Setareh Salehi Omran, Margaret Altemus
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Two recent studies linking in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), a potentially serious but rare respiratory illness, have made clinicians and patients more reluctant to use SSRIs during pregnancy. However, additional clinical studies have associated maternal depression rather than SSRI exposure as a risk factor for PPHN. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding PPHN pathophysiology, including the role of serotonin and genetic risk factors; the effects of SSRIs on pulmonary vasculature; the possible link between SSRIs and PPHN; and the diagnosis, clinical management, and prognosis of PPHN.
THE SURVIVAL OF VARIETIES OF TYPHUS VIRUS IN MOUSE PASSAGE, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE VIRUS OF BRILL'S DISEASE
Authors: Sadashivarao R. Savoor, Roberto Velasco
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

The experiments above described have confirmed the observations of Laigret and Jadin that the European human typhus virus cannot be maintained for more than two generations in mice by brain-peritoneum passage; whereas the murine Mexican variety can be carried on by this method in mice through at least eleven passage generations. The fact that within eleven passages there is no attenuation of the murine virus renders it likely that this agent can continue in mice, in an inapparent form, without material modification. Brill's disease virus from three different isolations has behaved like the European type, a fact which strengthens the opinion previously expressed from this laboratory that Brill's disease represents an imported European strain of the classical European infection.
eHealth and the future: promise or peril?
Authors: Jeremy C Wyatt, Frank Sullivan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Despite the futuristic sound of the scenario in the box below, all the technologies mentioned are available, and some, such as computer interviewing, have been used since the 1960s. Such a scenario raises questions about the nature of clinical practice and healthcare systems—for example, how muchinformation and responsibility should be transferred to patients when technology allows it. This final article examines some of these issues, and ends the series where it started, with a reminder that health informatics is more about understanding people and new models of care than it is about technology. Gustafson and Wyatt define eHealth as "patients and the public using the internet or other electronic media to disseminate or provide access to health and lifestyle information or services." This differs from telemedicine, in which there is a health professional at one or both ends of the communication. Pressures towards the use of eHealth include:
AIRE deficiency in thymus of 2 patients with Omenn syndrome
Authors: Patrizia Cavadini, William Vermi, Fabio Facchetti, Stefania Fontana, Seiho Nagafuchi, Evelina Mazzolari, Anna Sediva, Veronica Marrella, Anna Villa, Alain Fischer, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Raffaele Badolato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Omenn syndrome is a severe primary immunodeficiency with putative autoimmune manifestations of the skin and gastrointestinal tract. The disease is caused by hypomorphic mutations in recombination-activating genes that impair but do not abolish the process of VDJ recombination, leading to the generation of autoreactive T cells with a highly restricted receptor repertoire. Loss of central tolerance in genetically determined autoimmune diseases, e.g., autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy, is associated with defective expression by medullary thymic epithelial cells of AIRE, the transcription activator that induces thymic expression of tissue-specific antigens. Analysis of AIRE expression in the thymi of 2 Omenn syndrome patients and 1 SCID patient, by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, demonstrated a profound reduction in the levels of AIRE mRNA and protein in patients as compared with a normal control subject. Lack of AIRE was associated with normal or even increased levels of keratin and lymphotoxin-β receptor mRNAs, while mRNAs of the self-antigens insulin, cytochrome P450 1a2, and fatty acid–binding protein were undetectable in thymi from immunodeficiency patients. These results demonstrate that deficiency of AIRE expression is observed in severe immunodeficiencies characterized by abnormal T cell development and suggest that in Omenn syndrome, the few residual T cell clones that develop may escape negative selection and thereafter expand in the periphery, causing massive autoimmune reactions.