tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: THOMAS H. JUKES, WILLIAM L. WILLIAMS
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1953)

The addition of certain antibiotics to the diet at low levels increases the rate of growth of young animals and the efficiency with which they utilize food as measured by the ratio between food intake and increase in body weight. This  of antibiotics is not obtained in environments in which bacteria are absent, such as in the chick embryo or in germ-free chicks, and the  may be reduced when the animals are kept under highly sanitary conditions. Evidently certain widely-distributed types of antibiotic-sensitive intestinal microorganisms interfere with the utilization of food. Aureomycin, terramycin, penicillin, streptomycin and bacitracin produce the  growth effect in chicks when added to the diet at levels as low as 1 to 20 parts per million. The  with other species of animals depends on the antibiotic used; the wide spectrum antibiotics produce the most consistent effects over a range of species. A decrease in gut weight without a change in length has been reported to be associated with the antibiotic growth  in chicks; Coates (50) has recorded a decrease of 18% in gut weight accompanying an increase of 9% in body weight. This gives rise to the speculation that a mild early-sprue-like condition, engendered by certain intestinal bacteria, may exist in so-called normal animals and that this condition is corrected by the  use of antibiotics which inhibit or eliminate the causative bacteria. Such a change might account for some of the dietary effects reported for antibiotics, including improvements in the utilization of food, sparing effects on the requirement for proteins and for certain minerals and vitamins, and anti-anemic effects under conditions which respond to folic acid. However, it is possible that other  additions may give rise to decreases in gut weight without increasing body weight (150a) The antibiotic growth  may be obtained when the diet is supplemented with more than sufficient amounts of the known vitamins. The tissues of antibiotic-fed animals are of normal composition.  The practice of feeding antibiotics to farm animals is widespread. No untoward effects on public health have resulted; for example, detectable amounts of aureomycin are not found in meat even when the animals are fed antibiotics at levels far higher than usual; furthermore, many antibiotics are destroyed by cooking. In any event, the daily administration of small amounts of aureomycin for prolonged periods to children has not been found to have untoward effects. Resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria have not been reported to have made their appearance in animals as a result of feeding antibiotics. Reproduction in animals does not appear to be affected by feeding antibiotics, except that 1) hatchability of hen9s eggs may be improved if the hens are on certain deficient diets, 2) the survival and early growth of young pigs and rabbits may be improved when an antibiotic is fed to the mother, perhaps because the number of pathogenic bacteria in the environment of the young animals is thus reduced.
Tumor kinetics prior to treatment correlate with response to checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Alexandra P Cadena, James Welsh, Chad Tang, Uma Raju, David Hong, Aung Naing, Myrna Godoy, Pamela K Allen, Jonathan Schoenhals, Maria Angelica Cortez
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Immunotherapy has become one of the most profound advances in the treatment of solid tumors. Unlike the prior targeted therapies such as kinase inhibitors, there are no clear mutations or definitive biomarkers of which patients are likely to respond. It is well documented that
Computational Analysis of Behavior
Authors: S.E. Roian Egnor, Kristin Branson
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2016)

In this review, we discuss the emerging field of computational behavioral analysis-the use of modern methods from computer science and engineering to quantitatively measure animal behavior. We discuss aspects of experiment design important to both obtaining biologically relevant behavioral data and enabling the use of machine vision and learning techniques for automation. These two goals are often in conflict. Restraining or restricting the environment of the animal can simplify automatic behavior quantification, but it can also degrade the quality or alter important aspects of behavior. To enable biologists to design experiments to obtain better behavioral measurements, and computer scientists to pinpoint fruitful directions for algorithm improvement, we review known effects of artificial manipulation of the animal on behavior. We also review machine vision and learning techniques for tracking, feature extraction, automated behavior classification, and automated behavior discovery, the assumptions they make, and the types of data they work best with.
4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide purging of breast cancer from the mononuclear cell fraction of bone marrow in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and autologous marrow support: a phase I trial.
Authors: E J Shpall, R B Jones, R C Bast, G L Rosner, R Vandermark, M Ross, M L Affronti, C Johnston, S Eggleston, M Tepperburg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

We designed an ex vivo bone marrow treatment for breast cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support (ABMS), using 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), an active derivative of cyclophosphamide with known activity against breast cancer. This phase I bone marrow purging trial used ficoll-separated mononuclear cells (MNC) (devoid of granulocytes and RBCs), as opposed to the buffy coat. Twenty-five patients with metastatic breast cancer were studied. Patients received three cycles of the Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), fluorouracil, and methotrexate (Duke AFM) regimen, followed by marrow harvest. An MNC fraction of marrow was prepared and treated with 4-HC in concentrations of 20 micrograms/mL (four patients), 40 micrograms/mL (four patients), 60 micrograms/mL (nine patients), or 80 micrograms/mL (eight patients) and cryopreserved. Patients then received high-dose systemic cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and carmustine, followed by infusion of the purged marrow. The study end point was marrow engraftment, defined as WBC count greater than 1,000 cells per microliter. At the first three dose levels (20, 40, and 60 micrograms/mL 4-HC), there was no significant delay in time to engraftment (19, 20, and 23 days, respectively) compared with the unpurged historical controls (17 days). At 80 micrograms/mL, engraftment was significantly delayed compared with the lower concentrations (P = .027), and further escalation of 4-HC was not attempted. A significant correlation was observed between the time of leukocyte engraftment and the 4-HC concentration (P = .017). With a methylcellulose-based tissue culture assay, we demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between the colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) content in the purged marrow and the days to engraftment. Ninety-five percent of patients responded clinically to the entire program, 55% of them completely. Longer follow-up is required to assess the ultimate benefit of intensive therapy on long-term survival.
Two months of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide with and without interval reinduction therapy compared with 6 months of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in positive-node breast cancer patients with tamoxifen-nonresponsive tumors: results from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-15.
Authors: B Fisher, A M Brown, N V Dimitrov, R Poisson, C Redmond, R G Margolese, D Bowman, N Wolmark, D L Wickerham, C G Kardinal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) implemented protocol B-15 to compare 2 months of Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) and cyclophosphamide (AC) with 6 months of conventional cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) in patients with breast cancer nonresponsive to tamoxifen (TAM, T). A second aim was to determine whether AC followed in 6 months by intravenous (IV) CMF was more effective than AC without reinduction therapy. Through 3 years of follow-up, findings from 2,194 patients indicate no significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS, P = .5), distant disease-free survival (DDFS, P = .5) or survival (S, P = .8) among the three groups. Since the outcome from AC and CMF was almost identical, the issue arises concerning which regimen is more appropriate for the treatment of breast cancer patients. AC seems preferable since, following total mastectomy, AC was completed on day 63 versus day 154 for conventional CMF; patients visited health professionals three times as often for conventional CMF as for AC; women on AC received therapy on each of 4 days versus on each of 84 days for conventional CMF; and nausea-control medication was given for about 84 days to conventional CMF patients versus for about 12 days to patients on AC. The difference in the amount of alopecia between the two treatment groups was less than anticipated. While alopecia was almost universally observed following AC therapy, 71% of the CMF patients also had hair loss and, in 41%, the loss was greater than 50%. This study and NSABP B-16, which evaluates the worth of AC therapy in TAM-responsive patients, indicate the merit of 2 months of AC therapy for all positive-node breast cancer patients.
Progressing Sclerosing Mesenteritis (Mesenteric Panniculitis) Mimics Progression of Malignancy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Adenocarcinoma on Serial 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: William Makis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 62-year-old man was diagnosed with a moderately differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma in the proximal stomach. A staging 18F-FDG PET/CT showed an intensely FDG-avid gastric mass, as well as a mildly FDG-avid misty nodular mesentery. After 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a follow-up PET/CT showed partial response of the gastric primary, with increase in the size of nodules in the mesentery and increased FDG uptake, raising concern of secondary malignancy. Biopsy of the mesentery revealed xanthogranulomatous inflammation, consistent with sclerosing mesenteritis.
Silica-induced inflammasome activation in vivo and uptake in vitro
Authors: Paul Peeters, Karin Sanders, Tim Perkins, Gernot Rohde, Emiel Wouters, Dirk Taeger, Beate Pesch, Niki Reynaert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Pneumoconiosis is a form of interstitial lung disease that is characterized by massive fibrosis and inflammation, which occurs after long-term inhalation of particulate matter. Silicosis is refractory to treatment and an important health problem. Inflammasome activation in vitro and in animal models of silicosis has been shown to be important in the disease process. Earlier, we demonstrated that silica is taken up by and initiates inflammasome activation in bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Here we wanted to investigate if inflammasome activation occurs in epithelial lung tissue of miners who were diagnosed with silicosis versus non-silicosis, how silica particles are taken up in bronchial epithelial in vitro and by which mechanism. Lung tissue was available of 40 miners who were diagnosed with silicosis by pathologists were matched to 40 miners, where there was no visible silicotic fibrosis. They were matched on the basis of birth (+ / - 5 years), number of years (+ / - 5 years) and the cumulative quartz exposure (+ / - 5 mg/m3/years). By immunohistochemistry, lung tissue slides were stained for caspase-1, interleukin-1β and HMGB1. In vitro we used an in house method for labeling FITC to cristobalite silica in order to trace particles by confocal imaging. We observed elevated inflammasome activation in all miners irrespective of the presence of silicotic nodules. Live imaging revealed that particles are actively taken up by the cell within minutes and confocal imaging revealed uptake and cellular localization near the nucleus of the cell. Silica exposure is associated with inflammasome activation in human lung tissue. In vitro live and confocal imaging showed active silica uptake by lung epithelial cells.
Final results of EORTC intergroup randomized phase III trial comparing immediate versus deferred chemotherapy after radical cystectomy in patients with pT3T4 and/or N+ M0 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.
Authors: Cora N. Sternberg, Iwona Anna Skoneczna, Jan M. Kerst, Sophie D. Fossa, Peter Albers, Mads Agerbaek, Herlinde Dumez, Maria De Santis, Christine Theodore, Michael Gordon Leahy, John D. Chester, Antony Verbaeys, Armelle Caty, Gedske Daugaard, Sandrine Marreaud, Samantha Cambier, Richard Sylvester
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

4500 Background: Patients (pts) with muscle invasive TCC of the bladder have poor overall survival (OS) due to systemic disease at diagnosis. This randomized intergroup phase III trial compared immediate vs deferred chemotherapy after radical cystectomy in pts with pT3T4 and/or N+ M0 TCC of the bladder. Methods: Within 90 days after cystectomy, pts were randomized to 4 cycles of GC, HD-MVAC or MVAC adjuvant chemotherapy or 6 cycles of deferred chemotherapy at relapse. Main endpoint was OS with PFS a secondary endpoint. Analysis was by intent-to-treat using Cox models stratified by group and adjusted for T stage (pT1T2 vs pT3T4) and nodal status (N- vs N+). Results: 284 of 660 pts were enrolled in 63 sites from 13 countries from 4/2002 to 8/2008 when the trial closed for poor accrual. Follow up (f/u) continued for 5 yrs to 8/2013. Pt characteristics were well balanced in the treatment groups; median age was 61 yrs with similar pT and nodal status (70% N+). Most received GC. Median and maximum f/u is 7.0 and 10.4 yrs in the immediate and 7.2 and 10.6 yrs in the deferred arm. An IDMC reviewed the trial twice and recommended continuation. 176 pts (62.0%) progressed or died, 73 (51.8%) on the immediate and 103 (72.0%) on the deferred arm. Median and 5 yr PFS are 2.9 yrs and 46.8% on the immediate and 0.9 yrs and 29.5% on the deferred arm (p< 0.0001). 148 pts (52.1%) died, 66 (46.8%) on the immediate and 82 (57.3%) on the deferred arm. Median and 5 yr OS are 6.8 yrs and 53.6% on the immediate and 4.6 yrs and 47.7% on the deferred arm, HR=0.78 (95.09% CI: 0.56, 1.10, p=0.13). Grade 3/4 AEs in the immediate arm included myelosuppression (26%), neutropenia (38%) and thrombocytopenia (28%). One pt died due to toxicity in the immediate arm. Conclusions: This is the largest reported randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy in pts with muscle invasive bladder cancer. Immediate adjuvant cisplatin based combination chemotherapy led to a statistically significant improvement in the secondary endpoint PFS and a non-significant decrease of 22% in the risk of death after radical cystectomy, the primary endpoint. The 2005 IPD meta-analysis should be updated. Clinical trial information: NCT00028756.
Histologic and Electron Microscopic Observations on a Tumor-Bearing Viper: Establishment of a “C”-Type Virus-Producing Cell Line&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R. F. Zeigel, H. F. Clark
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Gross observations, as well as those by light and electron microscopy, indicated the myxofibromatous nature of a 117.5 g precardial tumor in a Russell's viper. Other visceral organs were also involved. Sheets and cords of dense-staining cells, possessing both epithelial and fibroblastic characteristics, occluded many of the venous blood spaces of the tumor, spleen, liver, kidney, and pancreas. The primary tumor cells and the intravascular cells (metastases) had desmosomes, tonofibrils, and large nuclei. The same morphological type of cell constitutes the VSW cell line, derived from the spleen of this tumor-bearing viper, in which a “C”-type budding virus has recently been described. It is suggested on the basis of morphology that the virus-producing VSW cell line originated from cells of the presumed tumor metastases present in the vascular compartment of the spleen of this viper.
Early, Goal-Directed Resuscitation for Septic Shock
Authors: Katja Auinger, Marco Maggiorini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

To the Editor: The Protocolised Management in Sepsis (ProMISe) trial (April 2 issue) 1 completes a trio of studies 1-3 that question the further application of early, goal-directed therapy (EGDT) as suggested by Rivers et al. 4 In particular, these trials consistently show no survival benefit with regard to the mandated use of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO 2 ) monitoring.However, it remains questionable whether the results of the three trials support this claim.According to the EGDT protocol, an ScvO 2 value of less than 70% is a trigger for hemodynamic intervention.Unlike in the study by Rivers et al., the reported mean values at baseline in all three trials do not require any intervention.Whether the reported survival benefit in the study by Rivers et al. is based on the treatment of patients with initially extremely low ScvO 2 values and determines the targeted patient population that benefits from EGDT remains, therefore, unanswered.Pope et al. 5 reported increased mortality when ScvO 2 values were initially low (<70%) or high (>80%).Unless subgroup analyses and further studies that focus on these high-risk patients do not rule out a sur-vival benefit, the final conclusion of the three trials cannot be supported.
FDG positron emission tomographic imaging of the effect of an intrauterine device.
Authors: JACOB SOSNA, ROLAND CHISIN, MARTINE KLEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Author Information From the Departments of Radiology* and Nuclear Medicine,† Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel Received for publication February 8, 2001. Accepted August 3, 2001. Correspondence: Jacob Sosna, Department of Radiology, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein Kerem, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem, Israel 91120. E-mail: [email protected]
Either Combined-Modality Or Radiotherapy Alone Provide Favorable Outcome In Stage I-II Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Report Of 82 Patients From The International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG)
Authors: Bouthaina S. Dabaja, Richard Tsang, Shunan Qi, Pamela Allen, David C. Hodgson, Umberto Ricardi, Richard T. Hoppe, Andrea Ng, Lena Specht, Ye-xiong Li, Stephanie Terezakis, Louis Constine, Joachim Yahalom
Journal: Blood (2013)
Asthma education: an essential component in asthma management
Authors: Louis-Philippe Boulet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Despite recent developments in our understanding of what could be the optimal management of asthma and renewed efforts from guidelines developers to help clinicians integrate their recommendations into current care, asthma remains a major human and economic burden [1–3]. Asthma is a variable condition, which unfortunately often remains uncontrolled, resulting in frequent acute healthcare use and impaired quality of life. Patient involvement in the management of their condition helps improve its control, and most patients agree to play such a role [4, 5]. However, to be able to manage asthma adequately, those suffering from asthma should understand the nature of the disease, how to assess its control, the basic principles of treatment and the peculiarities associated with their own case, in addition to learning essential self-management skills [4, 6, 7]. Self-management asthma education is therefore considered by current asthma guidelines and strategies to be an essential component in the management of asthma, and is recommended with the highest level of evidence [8–10]. Targeted simple educational interventions including key messages to the patient can help reduce asthma burden <http://ow.ly/RW16D>
Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T Cells in CLL
Authors: Chi Chun Yeh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Porter et al. describe the treatment of a patient with autologous T cells that were genetically modified to recognize the B-cell antigen CD19.This article confirms many findings of our December 2010 article, 1 which described a patient with advanced follicular lymphoma whom we treated with chemotherapy followed by an infusion of T cells expressing an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CART19).A dramatic partial remission lasting 10 months was achieved in our patient.He was retreated on our protocol and was in an ongoing partial remission 26 months after the original treatment.In addition, both normal and malignant Blineage cells were completely eradicated from the blood and bone marrow in our patient for 36 weeks.Similarly to the patient described by Porter and coworkers, hypogammaglobulinemia developed in our patient.We have treated a total of 11 patients in two different clinical trials of CART19.][3][4]
Targeting STAT3/miR-21 axis inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulating CDK5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shan-Shan Sun, Xuan Zhou, Yuan-Yuan Huang, Ling-Ping Kong, Mei Mei, Wen-Yu Guo, Ming-Hui Zhao, Yu Ren, Qiang Shen, Lun Zhang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Abnormal activation of STAT3 and miR-21 plays a vital role in progression and invasion of solid tumors. The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is reported to contribute to cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains unclear. We measured the expression of miR-21, CDK5 and EMT markers in 60 HNSCC tumor samples. We used Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assay to examine the role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5 activation in the invasiveness of HNSCC. The clinical survival relevance was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate/multivariate COX regression model. Multiple approaches including scratch, transwell chamber assay and other molecular biology techniques were used to validate the anti-invasion effect of targeting miR-21 in Tca8113 and Hep-2 cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, whether miR-21 depletion inhibits HNSCC invasion in vivo was confirmed in Tca8113 xenograft tumor model. The expression of miR-21 and CDK5 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in HNSCC. Hep-2 and Tca8113 cell lines showed co-overexpression of miR-21 and CDK5. WP1066 or asON-miR-21 treatment depleted miR-21 and CDK5 expression and significantly inhibited migration or invasion in Hep-2 and Tca8113 cells. The expression levels of CDK5/p35, N-cadherin, vimentin, β-catenin were inhibited while E-cadherin level was increased by miR-21 depletion in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, ectopic CDK5 overexpression significantly induced tumor cell motility and EMT. Moreover, ectopic CDK5 overexpression in Hep-2 and Tca8113 cells rescued the observed phenotype after miR-21 silencing or WP1066 treatment. miR-21 cooperates with CDK5 to promote EMT and invasion in HNSCC. This finding suggests that CDK5 may be an important cofactor for targeting when designing metastasis-blocking therapy by targeting STAT3/miR-21 axis with STAT3 inhibitor or miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide. This is the first demonstration of the novel role of STAT3/miR-21 axis and CDK5/CDK5R1 (p35) in metastasis of HNSCC.
A Manual of Physical Therapy.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1944)

This manual, which was formerly published under the title "Physical Therapy for Nurses," is composed of the following divisions: Introduction; Heat and Light; Electricity; Water; Massage and Exercise, and Applied Physical Therapy. Following the second, third, fourth, and fifth divisions are a series of questions on the contents of the respective parts. The book is replete with pictures which illustrate the various procedures described in the text. Although one might not subscribe to every procedure advocated, every physician could read this manual with profit.