tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Study of Patients’ Perceptions of Diabetes Care Delivery and Diabetes
Authors: Marzia Raballo, Martina Trevisan, Anna Franca Trinetta, Lorena Charrier, Franco Cavallo, Massimo Porta, Marina Trento
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE We investigated the perceptions of diabetes care and diabetes in patients followed long-term by group or usual care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Three open questions were administered to 120 patients (43 with T1DM and 77 with T2DM) who had been randomized at least 2 years before to be followed by group care and 121 (41 T1DM and 80 T2DM) who had always been on usual care. The responses were analyzed by propositional analysis, by identifying the focal nuclei, i.e., the terms around which all sentences are organized, and then other predicates, according to their hierarchical relationship to the nuclear proposition. Specific communicative units were arbitrarily classified into three categories: attitudes, empowerment, and locus of control. RESULTS Patients on group care showed more positive attitudes, higher sense of empowerment, and more internal locus of control than those on usual care. In addition, they expressed a wider and more articulated range of concepts associated with the care received and made less use of medical terminology (P &amp;lt; 0.001, all). Higher HbA1c was associated with negative attitudes (P = 0.025) and negative empowerment (P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS Group treatment reinforces communication and peer identification and may achieve its clinical results by promoting awareness, self-efficacy, positive attitudes toward diabetes and the setting of care, an internal locus of control, and, ultimately, empowerment in the patients.
Fluticasone induces T cell apoptosis in the bronchial wall of mild to moderate asthmatics
Authors: S O'Sullivan
Journal: Thorax (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Cytokines which signal via the gamma chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor and the interferons (IFNs) have been shown to enhance T cell survival in vitro by rescuing cells from apoptosis. <b>Methods:</b> A study was undertaken to determine whether treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP; 250 μg twice daily) for 2 weeks could modulate production of IL-15 or IFN-β and thereby affect T cell survival in bronchial tissue of 10 patients with mild/moderate asthma. Bronchial biopsy specimens were taken before and on completion of treatment. <b>Results:</b> The mean (95% CI) number of T cells per unit area decreased in the asthmatic group following 2 weeks of treatment with FP (from 7.0 (5.6 to 8.4) to 4.5 (4.0 to 5.1); p = 0.001). There was an increase in the percentage of T cells undergoing apoptosis following FP treatment as assessed by T cell/TUNEL staining (from 4.5 (2.6 to 6.4) to 8.7 (6.6 to 10.8); p = 0.0001). The percentage of cells staining for IL-15 and IFN-β in the lamina propria, determined by an alkaline phosphatase biotin streptavidin technique, decreased significantly from baseline values of 31.6 (23.4 to 39.7) to 19.6 (12.5 to 26.7), p = 0.039 for IL-15 and from 18.9 (13.5 to 24.4) to 9.5 (5.9 to 13.1), p = 0.007 for IFN-β following 2 weeks of treatment with FP. However, only the decrease in the percentage of cells staining for IL-15 was significantly correlated with an increased number of apoptotic T cells following treatment (p = 0.008). <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings support a novel mechanism for the ability of inhaled corticosteroids to decrease T cell numbers, possibly by downregulation of the cytokine IL-15.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Robert J. de Vos, Adam Weir, Hans T. M. van Schie, Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra, Jan A. N. Verhaar, Harrie Weinans, Johannes L. Tol
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Tendon disorders comprise 30% to 50% of all activity-related injuries; chronic degenerative tendon disorders (tendinopathy) occur frequently and are difficult to treat. Tendon regeneration might be improved by injecting platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an increasingly used treatment for releasing growth factors into the degenerative tendon.To examine whether a PRP injection would improve outcome in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.A stratified, block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at a single center (The Hague Medical Center, Leidschendam, The Netherlands) of 54 randomized patients aged 18 to 70 years with chronic tendinopathy 2 to 7 cm above the Achilles tendon insertion. The trial was conducted between August 28, 2008, and January 29, 2009, with follow-up until July 16, 2009.Eccentric exercises (usual care) with either a PRP injection (PRP group) or saline injection (placebo group). Randomization was stratified by activity level.The validated Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire, which evaluated pain score and activity level, was completed at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 weeks. The VISA-A score ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores corresponding with less pain and increased activity. Treatment group effects were evaluated using general linear models on the basis of intention-to-treat.After randomization into the PRP group (n = 27) or placebo group (n = 27), there was complete follow-up of all patients. The mean VISA-A score improved significantly after 24 weeks in the PRP group by 21.7 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.0-30.5) and in the placebo group by 20.5 points (95% CI, 11.6-29.4). The increase was not significantly different between both groups (adjusted between-group difference from baseline to 24 weeks, -0.9; 95% CI, -12.4 to 10.6). This CI did not include the predefined relevant difference of 12 points in favor of PRP treatment.Among patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy who were treated with eccentric exercises, a PRP injection compared with a saline injection did not result in greater improvement in pain and activity.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00761423.
A series of critically challenging case scenarios in moderate to severe psoriasis: A Delphi consensus approach
Authors: Bruce Strober, Emily Berger, Jennifer Cather, David Cohen, Jeffrey J. Crowley, Kenneth B. Gordon, Alice Gottlieb, Elizabeth J. Horn, Arthur F. Kavanaugh, Neal J. Korman, Gerald G. Krueger, Craig L. Leonardi, Alan Menter, Sergio Schwartzman, Jeffrey M. Sobell, Melodie Young
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
High-carbohydrate diet for long distance runners--a practical view-point.
Authors: M Fogelholm, H Tikkanen, H Näveri, M Härkönen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1989)

The nutritional value of a high-carbohydrate diet was evaluated. Seven male marathon runners kept a food record diary for the three days preceeding two endurance races. They were instructed in how to compose a diet which contained about 9 g carbohydrate day-1 kg body weight-1. Sixty three per cent of the subjects' total energy intake was derived from carbohydrates. The dietary intake of vitamin C was six times the Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances (RDA). Intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, magnesium and iron were more than twofold, and niacin intake 1,4-fold compared to the allowances. The diet contained sufficient amounts of carbohydrate to refill and enlarge muscle glycogen stores. Moreover the nutritional value was high, and therefore this kind of a diet can be recommended to endurance athletes even on a daily basis.
Voters and Health Care in the 2006 Election
Authors: Robert J. Blendon, Drew E. Altman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Potential voters rated the importance of health care issues in the upcoming congressional elections below that of the economy, the Iraq war, and terrorism. They identified lack of insurance coverage and health care costs as the most important health care issues. The authors report that although Americans are concerned about the state of the health care system, health care issues are not likely to be a major factor in the 2006 elections.
Visual Transduction in Vertebrate Photoreceptors
Authors: Wayne L. Hubbell, M. Deric Bownds
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1979)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Upper respiratory tract involvement in sarcoidosis and its management
Authors: R Wilson, V Lund, M Sweatman, IS Mackay, DN Mitchell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Of some 750 sarcoidosis patients, 27 were found to have involvement of their nasal mucosa. Most had multisystem disease, which was usually chronic. Nasal stuffiness or blockage and crusting were the major symptoms, and were usually present at the first presentation with sarcoidosis. The larynx was involved in five cases. The Kveim test was positive in twelve of the fourteen patients in whom it was performed, serum angiotensin converting enzyme was frequently elevated and sinus radiographs were often abnormal. Topical medication improved symptoms in some patients, but the majority required systemic corticosteroids. It was possible to withdraw medication completely after seven years in only one patient. Relapse was encountered during reduction of dosage in other patients. Random biopsy of macroscopically normal nasal mucosa did not yield histological support for a diagnosis of sarcoidosis in twelve out of thirteen patients, but upper respiratory tract lymphoid tissue may contain granulomas in patients with sarcoidosis.
Management of the Waiting List for Cadaveric Kidney Transplants
Authors: Gabriel M. Danovitch, Sundaram Hariharan, John D. Pirsch, David Rush, David Roth, Emilio Ramos, Randall C. Starling, Chuck Cangro, Mattthew R. Weir
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. The Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society of Transplantation developed a survey to review the policies of kidney transplant programs in the United States with respect to the management of the steadily expanding waiting list for cadaveric kidneys. The survey was sent to 287 centers, and 192 (67%) responded. The survey indicated that regular follow-up monitoring, most frequently on an annual basis, is required by the majority (71%) of programs. Patients considered to be at high risk and candidates for combined kidney-pancreas transplantation may be monitored more frequently. Annual screening for coronary artery disease is typically required for asymptomatic patients considered to be at high risk for covert disease. Noninvasive techniques are typically used, and a designated cardiologist is usually available to the transplant program. The dialysis nephrologist or the potential transplant recipient is expected to inform the transplant program of intercurrent events that may affect transplant candidacy. Standard health maintenance screening is required, together with the routine updating of serologic and other blood tests that may be relevant to the posttransplant course. Smaller transplant programs (<100 patients on the waiting list) are more likely to maintain closer contact with the wait-listed patients and to attempt to influence their treatment during dialysis and are less likely to cancel transplants because of unanticipated pretransplant medical problems. The work load necessitated by the follow-up monitoring of wait-listed patients was assessed and, in the absence of specific evidence-based information, a series of recommendations were developed to reflect current standards of practice and to suggest future research initiatives.
Novel histone deacetylase inhibitors in clinical trials as anti-cancer agents
Authors: Jiahuai Tan, Shundong Cang, Yuehua Ma, Richard L Petrillo, Delong Liu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2010)

Abstract Histone deacetylases (HDACs) can regulate expression of tumor suppressor genes and activities of transcriptional factors involved in both cancer initiation and progression through alteration of either DNA or the structural components of chromatin. Recently, the role of gene repression through modulation such as acetylation in cancer patients has been clinically validated with several inhibitors of HDACs. One of the HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat, has been approved by FDA for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) for patients with progressive, persistent, or recurrent disease on or following two systemic therapies. Other inhibitors, for example, FK228, PXD101, PCI-24781, ITF2357, MGCD0103, MS-275, valproic acid and LBH589 have also demonstrated therapeutic potential as monotherapy or combination with other anti-tumor drugs in CTCL and other malignancies. At least 80 clinical trials are underway, testing more than eleven different HDAC inhibitory agents including both hematological and solid malignancies. This review focuses on recent development in clinical trials testing HDAC inhibitors as anti-tumor agents.
The Safety of a Single Daily Dose Schedule for Imipramine
Authors: KISHORE SARAF, DONALD F. KLEIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

One reason for the traditional administration of medication in divided doses is that this is assumed to be safer than administration in single doses. The authors' analysis of clinical and laboratory data from 43 adult patients supports the view that imipramine hydrochloride may safely be given in a single nightly dose.
Cost effectiveness of adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma during the waiting list for liver transplantation
Authors: J M Llovet
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background: Survival after liver transplantation for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is worsened by the increasing dropout rate while waiting for a donor. Aims: To assess the cost effectiveness of adjuvant therapy while waiting for liver transplantation in HCC patients. Method: Using a Markov model, a hypothetical cohort of cirrhotic patients with early HCC was considered for: (1) adjuvant treatment—resection was limited to Child-Pugh9s A patients with single tumours, and percutaneous treatment was considered for Child-Pugh9s A and B patients with single tumours unsuitable for resection or with up to three nodules &lt; 3 cm; and (2) standard management. Length of waiting time ranged from six to 24 months. Results: Surgical resection increased the transplantation rate (&gt;10%) and provided gains in life expectancy of 4.8–6.1 months with an acceptable cost ($40 000/ year of life gained) for waiting lists ≥1 year whereas it was not cost effective ($74 000/life of year gained) for shorter waiting times or high dropout rate scenarios. Percutaneous treatment increased life expectancy by 5.2–6.7 months with a marginal cost of approximately $20 000/year of life gained in all cases, remaining cost effective for all waiting times. Conclusions: Adjuvant therapies for HCC while waiting for liver transplantation provide moderate gains in life expectancy and are cost effective for waiting lists of one year or more. For shorter waiting times, only percutaneous treatment confers a relevant survival advantage.
South African Civil Surgeons' Fourth Annual Dinner
Authors: C. G. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1904)

years past it has been my desire to try the effect of the oil obtained from the pilchard as a substitute for cod-liver oil and in October, 1903, I asked Mr. Peck, the dispenser of the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond-street, if he could obtain a sample of such oil.When the oil was first obtained I was informed that it could not be taken internally and on inquiry as to the reason I was informed "that a mistake had been made and that it could be taken internally and, in fact, was given to children in Cornwall as a substitute for cod-liver oil," I have not verified this statement.Having procured the oil it was necessary first to find out if the oil possessed any toxic properties and for this purpose I took some of the crude oil and also an emulsion which was prepared for me by the dispenser.I cannot say that either the crude oil or the emulsion was pleasant to take, but I do not think, if my memory serves me, that the taste was worse than the older preparations of cod-liver oil.Certainly no unpleasant sym- ptoms resulted saving the "repeat" which may, in certain individuals, occur with any form of cod-liver oil.I then selected cases both from among the out-patients and in-patients to try the effect of the oil.I may say at once that some children, generally the younger ones, took it fairly well but it was resented by the older children who com- plained that "it was nasty and repeated."The sister and nurses also said that the children would not take it as readily as they would cod-liver oil.I then asked the dispenser if he could obtain a better and more refined sample of this oil and this he succeeded in doing.I tried this sample and certainly in appearance, smell, and taste it was preferable to the original sample.It made a good emulsion and I found
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2005, Featuring Trends in Lung Cancer, Tobacco Use, and Tobacco Control
Authors: Ahmedin Jemal, Michael J Thun, Lynn A G Ries, Holly L Howe, Hannah K Weir, Melissa M Center, Elizabeth Ward, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Christie Eheman, Robert Anderson, Umed A Ajani, Betsy Kohler, Brenda K Edwards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year's report includes trends in lung cancer incidence and death rates, tobacco use, and tobacco control by state of residence.Information on invasive cancers was obtained from the NCI, CDC, and NAACCR and information on mortality from the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics. Annual percentage changes in the age-standardized incidence and death rates (2000 US population standard) for all cancers combined and for the top 15 cancers were estimated by joinpoint analysis of long-term (1975-2005) trends and by least squares linear regression of short-term (1996-2005) trends. All statistical tests were two-sided.Both incidence and death rates from all cancers combined decreased statistically significantly (P < .05) in men and women overall and in most racial and ethnic populations. These decreases were driven largely by declines in both incidence and death rates for the three most common cancers in men (lung, colorectum, and prostate) and for two of the three leading cancers in women (breast and colorectum), combined with a leveling off of lung cancer death rates in women. Although the national trend in female lung cancer death rates has stabilized since 2003, after increasing for several decades, there is prominent state and regional variation. Lung cancer incidence and/or death rates among women increased in 18 states, 16 of them in the South or Midwest, where, on average, the prevalence of smoking was higher and the annual percentage decrease in current smoking among adult women was lower than in the West and Northeast. California was the only state with decreasing lung cancer incidence and death rates in women.Although the decrease in overall cancer incidence and death rates is encouraging, large state and regional differences in lung cancer trends among women underscore the need to maintain and strengthen many state tobacco control programs.
Successful mobilization using a combination of plerixafor and G-CSF in pediatric patients who failed previous chemomobilization with G-CSF alone and possible complications of the treatment
Authors: Kyung Taek Hong, Hyoung Jin Kang, Nam Hee Kim, Min Sun Kim, Ji Won Lee, Hyery Kim, Kyung Duk Park, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2012)

Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization, which uses plerixafor (AMD 3100), a newly developed specific inhibitor of the CXCR4 receptor, in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF), has been shown to enhance the stem cell mobilization in adult patients, but pediatric data are scarce. We documented our experience with this drug in 6 Korean pediatric patients who had failed in chemomobilization, using G-CSF, alone. All patients were mobilized CD34+ cells (median, 11.08 × 106/kg: range, 6.34-28.97 × 106/kg) successfully within 2 to 3 cycles of apheresis, without complications. A total of 7 autologous transplantations were performed, including 1 tandem transplantation. However, 2 patients with brain tumors showed severe pulmonary complications, including spontaneous pneumomediastinum. This is the first study of PBSC mobilization with plerixafor in Asian pediatric patients. Furthermore our study suggests that mobilization with plerixafor may be effective in Korean pediatric patients, who have previously been heavily treated and have failed PBSC mobilization with classical chemomobilization, using G-CSF. However, further studies are needed to examine the possible complications of autologous transplantation, using a mobilized plerixafor product in children.
Patient-reported reasons for the discontinuation of commonly used treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis
Authors: Howa Yeung, Joy Wan, Abby S. Van Voorhees, Kristina Callis Duffin, Gerald G. Krueger, Robert E. Kalb, Jamie D. Weisman, Brian R. Sperber, Bruce A. Brod, Stephen M. Schleicher, Bruce F. Bebo, Daniel B. Shin, Andrea B. Troxel, Joel M. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
Extrahepatic Cancer Suppresses Nuclear Receptor–Regulated Drug Metabolism
Authors: Marina Kacevska, Michael R. Downes, Rohini Sharma, Ronald M. Evans, Stephen J. Clarke, Christopher Liddle, Graham R. Robertson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the mechanisms by which tumors situated in extrahepatic sites can cause profound changes in hepatic drug clearance, contributing to altered drug response and chemotherapy resistance. Experimental Design: We studied in wild-type or transgenic CYP3A4 reporter mice implanted with the murine Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm sarcoma changes in nuclear receptor and hepatic transcription factor expression and/or function, particularly related to CYP3A gene regulation. Results: Repression of hepatic CYP3A induction was dramatic and associated with reduced levels of C/EBPβ isoforms, impaired pregnane X receptor, and constitutive androstane receptor function. Unexpectedly, extrahepatic tumors strongly reduced nuclear accumulation of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) in hepatocytes, providing a potential explanation for impaired function of nuclear receptors that rely on RXRα dimerization. Profiling revealed 38 nuclear receptors were expressed in liver with 14 showing between 1.5- and four-fold reduction in expression in livers of tumor-bearing animals, including Car, Trβ, Lxrβ, Pparα, Errα/β, Reverbα/β, and Shp. Altered Pparα and γ induction of target genes provided additional evidence of perturbed hepatic metabolic control elicited by extrahepatic tumors. Conclusions: Extrahepatic malignancy can affect hepatic drug metabolism by nuclear receptor relocalization and decreased receptor expression and function. These findings could aid the design of intervention strategies to normalize drug clearance and metabolic pathways in cancer patients at risk of chemotherapy-induced toxicity or cancer cachexia. Clin Cancer Res; 17(10); 3170–80. ©2011 AACR.