tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Utility of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Staging Before Completion Lymphadenectomy in Patients With Sentinel Lymph Node–Positive Melanoma
Authors: Thomas A. Aloia, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Robert H. Andtbacka, Marcella M. Johnson, Christopher W. Schacherer, Chaan S. Ng, Janice N. Cormier, Jeffrey E. Lee, Merrick I. Ross, Paul F. Mansfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose Although melanoma patients with regional nodal metastases are frequently imaged with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, the efficacy of routine radiologic staging in asymptomatic patients with microscopic nodal involvement has not been established. To determine the utility of this approach, we analyzed the incidence of synchronous distant metastases (SDM) detected by CT or MRI of the head, chest, and abdomen in a large group of patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN) –positive melanoma. Patients and Methods Positive SLNs were identified in 314 (16.2%) of the 1,934 melanoma patients who underwent sentinel lymphadenectomy at our institution from 1996 to 2003. Within 3 months of sentinel lymphadenectomy, 270 (86.0%) of the 314 SLN-positive patients were radiologically staged. To determine which prognostic factors were associated with SDM, associations between final staging outcomes and clinicopathologic variables, including SLN tumor burden, were analyzed. Results CT and/or MRI scans identified lesions that were suspicious for SDM in 23 (8.6%) of the 270 patients who underwent staging. In eight of these patients, further diagnostic studies determined that these abnormalities were benign. The remaining 15 suspicious lesions were percutaneously biopsied (10 negative and five positive), yielding a radiologically detectable SDM rate of 1.9%. Detection of SDM was associated with primary tumor thickness (P = .011), ulceration (P = .018), and SLN tumor burden (P = .018). Conclusion These data suggest that the vast majority of asymptomatic patients with a new diagnosis of microscopic SLN-positive melanoma do not harbor radiologically detectable SDM and can proceed to completion lymph node dissection without immediate CT or MRI staging.
Role of dose selection in successful interleukin-2 immunotherapy: solving the Goldilock’s Complex
Authors: Andrew Zloza, Joseph R Broucek, Erica J Huelsmann, Tasha Hughes, Howard L Kaufman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts The results of multiple IL-2 clinical trials (using a range of doses) have shown similar trends, in which IL-2 immunotherapy leads to an objective response in 15-20% of patients and complete response in 5-10%. Importantly, the majority (> 80%) of patients with a complete response
Results From a Randomized Phase III Study Comparing Combined Treatment With Histamine Dihydrochloride Plus Interleukin-2 Versus Interleukin-2 Alone in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Sanjiv S. Agarwala, John Glaspy, Steven J. O’Day, Malcolm Mitchell, John Gutheil, Eric Whitman, Rene Gonzalez, Evan Hersh, Lynn Feun, Robert Belt, Frank Meyskens, Kristoffer Hellstrand, Diana Wood, John M. Kirkwood, Kurt R. Gehlsen, Peter Naredi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Reactive oxidative species (ROS) produced by phagocytic cells have been ascribed a role in the localized suppression of lymphocyte function within malignant tumors. Histamine has been shown to inhibit ROS formation and possibly synergize with cytokines to permit activation of natural killer cells and T cells. This study was designed to determine whether the addition of histamine to a subcutaneous (SC) regimen of interleukin-2 (IL-2) would improve the survival of metastatic melanoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A phase III, multicenter, randomized, parallel group study comparing IL-2 plus histamine with IL-2 alone was conducted in 305 patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. Patients were randomized to IL-2 (9 MIU/m2 bid SC on days 1 to 2 of weeks 1 and 3, and 2 MIU/m2 bid SC on days 1 to 5 of weeks 2 and 4) with or without histamine (1.0 mg bid SC days 1 to 5, weeks 1 to 4). The primary end point, survival, was prospectively applied to all randomized patients (intent-to-treat–overall population, ITT-OA) and all patients having liver metastases at randomization (ITT-LM population). Secondary end points included safety of the combined treatment, time to disease progression, and response rate. RESULTS: Combined treatment with histamine plus IL-2 significantly improved overall survival in the ITT-LM population (P = .004) and showed a trend for improved survival in the ITT population (P = .125). Grade 3 and 4 adverse events were comparable in the two arms. CONCLUSION: Use of histamine as an adjunct to IL-2 is safe, well tolerated, and associated with a statistically significant prolongation of survival compared with IL-2 alone in metastatic melanoma patients with liver involvement. Further trials to confirm and understand the role of histamine in this combination treatment are underway.
Advanced glycosylation endproduct-specific receptors on human and rat T-lymphocytes mediate synthesis of interferon gamma: role in tissue remodeling.
Authors: F Imani, Y Horii, M Suthanthiran, E Y Skolnik, Z Makita, V Sharma, P Sehajpal, H Vlassara
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

During normal aging and in chronic diabetes the excessive accumulation of reactive glucose-protein or glucose-lipid adducts known as advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGEs) has been shown to induce tissue dysfunction, in part through interaction with AGE-specific receptors on monocyte/macrophages and other cells. Recognizing that circulating lymphocytes trafficking through tissues interact with tissue AGEs, we searched for the expression of AGE-binding sites on peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Resting rat and human T cells bound 125I-AGE-albumin with an affinity of 7.8 x 10(7) M-1, whereas, after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 48 h, binding affinity increased to 5.8 x 10(8) M-1. Flow cytometric analysis of resting rat T cells using polyclonal antibodies raised against rat liver AGE-binding proteins (p60 and p90) revealed the constitutive expression of both immunoreactivities. The number of resting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells positive for anti-p60 antibody binding (34.2 and 58.5%, respectively) increased to 92 and 90% of cells after 48-h stimulation with PHA. Exposure of PHA-activated T lymphocytes to AGE-albumin enhanced expression of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA 10-fold and induced greater elaboration of the mature protein than did exposure to unmodified protein or PHA treatment alone. These data indicate that T cells contain an inducible system of surface receptors for AGE-modified proteins, and that receptor occupancy is linked to lymphokine production. This T cell AGE-receptor system might serve to target lymphocytes to AGE-rich tissues and involve them in the regulation of tissue homeostasis either by assisting in macrophage-dependent clearance of AGE-proteins, or by exerting direct antiproliferative action on mesenchymal cells. Under conditions of excessive AGE-protein and AGE lipid accumulation (e.g., aging and diabetes), enhanced production of AGE-induced IFN-gamma may accelerate immune responses that contribute to tissue injury.
Letter to the editor concerning ‘Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) versus lapatinib plus capecitabine in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and central nervous system metastases: a retrospective, exploratory analysis in EMILIA’
Authors: J Foglietta, G Metro, L Crinò, S Gori
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)

In according to Krop's experience, our case shows that T-DM1 could play a significant role in the treatment of brain metastases even in patients with heavily pretreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.
The Bronchodilator Action of Khellin
Authors: M. C. S. Kennedy, J. P. P. Stock
Journal: Thorax (1952)

This paper describes a preliminary investigation into the bronchodilator action of khellin in patients with clinical bronchospasm.Khellin is one of the active principles of the plant Ammi visnaga (Linn.), which grows wild in many eastern Mediterranean countries.Simple decoctions of its seeds have apparently been used by the local native populations for generations as a spasmolytic, in particular for the relief of ureteric colic.The recent interest awakened in its possible therapeutic applications has been largely due to the work of Anrep, Barsoum, Kenawy, andMisrahy (1946, 1947); Anrep, Barsoum, and Kenawy (1949).A number of crystalline substances have been isolated from the seeds (Spath and Gruber, 1938, 1941a and b).Pharmacologically, the most active of these is khellin, which was first isolated by Mustapha in 1879, and chemically is di-methoxy-methylfurano-chromone.Two principal therapeutic properties have been claimed for this substance.It is said to dilate the coronary arteries and to relax smooth muscle throughout the body, including that of the bronchi.Anrep and others, working on guinea-pig lungs, showed that khellin was a bronchodilator with an activity four to six times greater than that of theophylline-with-ethylenediamine.Weight for weight, however, it was considerably weaker than adrenaline, 4 jmg. of khellin being approximately equivalent to 0.01 ,ug. of adrenaline.They found the drug to be rapidly absorbed by the intramuscular or oral route and stated that its rate of excretion or destruction in the body is slow, so that with con- tinued administration it tends to be cumulative.Kenawy, Barsoum, and Bagoury (1950) have reported favourably on the treatment of bronchial asthma with khellin, and Rosenman, Fishman, Kaplan, Levin, and Katz (1950) have des- cribed good results in the treatment of chronic cor pulmonale.We were encouraged to begin this investigation by the dramatic improvement observed in a case with severe clinical bronchospasm, following the oral adminis- tration of khellin.*The patient, a man aged 58 years, had been in hospital under the care of one of us for three months with severe continuous asthma, unresponsive to any of the usual remedies.He remained persistently orthopnoeic, wheezing, cyanosed, and distressed, and required oxygen almost continuously.Twenty-four hours after beginning oral khellin, 50 mg.thrice daily, his dyspnoea, orthopnoea, and wheezing disappeared and he lay flat for the first time for many months.* Throughout this work we have used " benecardin " (Benger Laboratories, Ltd.), a presentation of khellin in tablet and ampoule form containing 95%°khellin assayed by a modified colorimetric method.
Musculoskeletal pain is more generalised among people from ethnic minorities than among white people in Greater Manchester
Authors: T R Allison
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Objective: To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among the major ethnic minority populations of Greater Manchester. Method: The study group was a community sample of 2117 adults from the Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and African Caribbean communities. Questionnaires administered by post and by an interviewer were used to assess the presence of any musculoskeletal pain, pain in specific joints, and the level of physical function. Ethnicity was self assigned. The results were compared with those from a recent study in the local white population using the same methodology. Results: Overall response rate was 75% among the south Asian (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi community and 47% among the African Caribbean community. The profile of musculoskeletal pain among the ethnic minority groups differed from that in the white population. Although musculoskeletal symptoms were slightly more prevalent among people from ethnic minority groups than among the white population, pain in multiple sites was considerably more common among ethnic minorities. Conclusions: The finding that musculoskeletal pain is more widespread among ethnic minority communities in the UK has not previously been reported. This may reflect social, cultural, and psychological differences. The cause of the differences in the profile of pain and the health needs that follow need further investigation.
Possible roles for a predictor plus comparator mechanism in human episodic recognition memory and imitative learning
Authors: Simon Dennis, Michael Humphreys
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract This commentary is divided into two parts. The first considers a possible role for Gray's predictor plus comparator mechanism in human episodic recognition memory. It draws on the computational specifications of recognition outlined in Humphreys et al. (1994) to demonstrate how the logically necessary components of recognition tasks might be mapped onto the mechanism. The second part demonstrates how the mechanism outlined by Gray might be implicated in a form of imitative learning suitable for the acquisition of complex tasks.
The Evolving Role of Computed Tomographic Angiography for Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Amy L. Lightner, Marcia M. Russell
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

This Invited Commentary discusses the increasing use of computed tomographic angiography prior to visceral angiography for lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage and raises questions about clinical outcomes and costs to be considered before it is used routinely.
Murine Lung Responses to Ambient Particulate Matter: Genomic Analysis and Influence on Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Ting Wang, Liliana Moreno-Vinasco, Yong Huang, Gabriel D. Lang, Jered D. Linares, Sascha N. Goonewardena, Alayna Grabavoy, Jonathan M. Samet, Alison S. Geyh, Patrick N. Breysse, Yves A. Lussier, Viswanathan Natarajan, Joe G.N. Garcia
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Asthma is a complex disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and chronic airway inflammation. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that exposures to environmental factors such as ambient particulate matter (PM), a major air pollutant, contribute to increased asthma prevalence and exacerbations.We investigated pathophysiologic responses to Baltimore, Maryland, ambient PM (median diameter, 1.78 mum) in a murine model of asthma and attempted to identify PM-specific genomic/molecular signatures.We exposed ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized A/J mice intratracheally to PM (20 mg/kg), and assayed both AHR and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on days 1, 4, and 7 after PM exposure. Lung gene expression profiling was analyzed in OVA- and PM-challenged mice.Consistent with this murine model of asthma, we observed significant increases in airway responsiveness in OVA-treated mice, with PM exposure inducing significant changes in AHR in both naive mice and OVA-induced asthmatic mice. PM evoked eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration into airways, elevated BAL protein content, and stimulated secretion of type 1 T helper (T(H)1) cytokines [interferon-gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha] and T(H)2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, eotaxin) into murine airways. Furthermore, PM consistently induced expression of genes involved in innate immune responses, chemotaxis, and complement system pathways.This study is consistent with emerging epidemiologic evidence and indicates that PM exposure evokes proinflammatory and allergic molecular signatures that may directly contribute to the asthma susceptibility in naive subjects and increased severity in affected asthmatics.
Ablation of the UPR-Mediator CHOP Restores Motor Function and Reduces Demyelination in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B Mice
Authors: Maria Pennuto, Elisa Tinelli, MariaChiara Malaguti, Ubaldo Del Carro, Maurizio D'Antonio, David Ron, Angelo Quattrini, M. Laura Feltri, Lawrence Wrabetz
Journal: Neuron (2008)
ISONICOTINIC ACID HYDRAZIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS: PRELIMINARY REPORT.
Authors: A. N. CHAKRABORTY, A. K. BANERJEE, S. GHOSH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1953)

Journal Article ISONICOTINIC ACID HYDRAZIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS: PRELIMINARY REPORT. Get access A. N. CHAKRABORTY, M.B., F.R.F.P.S. Glas., F. D. S. Lond., A. N. CHAKRABORTY, M.B., F.R.F.P.S. Glas., F. D. S. Lond. Officer‐in‐Charge (I.C.M.R.). The Research Department of Dermatology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. K. BANERJEE, M.B., D.T.M.Cal., A. K. BANERJEE, M.B., D.T.M.Cal. Assistant Research Worker (I.C.M.R.). The Research Department of Dermatology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. GHOSH, M.B., D.T.M.Cal. S. GHOSH, M.B., D.T.M.Cal. Assistant Research Officer (I.C.M.R.). The Research Department of Dermatology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 65, Issue 9, 1 September 1953, Pages 310–313, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1953.tb13756.x Published: 01 September 1953
Professional Medical Associations and Their Relationships With Industry
Authors: David J. Rothman, Walter J. McDonald, Carol D. Berkowitz, Susan C. Chimonas, Catherine D. DeAngelis, Ralph W. Hale, Steven E. Nissen, June E. Osborn, James H. Scully, Gerald E. Thomson, David Wofsy
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Professional medical associations (PMAs) play an essential role in defining and advancing health care standards. Their conferences, continuing medical education courses, practice guidelines, definitions of ethical norms, and public advocacy positions carry great weight with physicians and the public. Because many PMAs receive extensive funding from pharmaceutical and device companies, it is crucial that their guidelines manage both real and perceived conflict of interests. Any threat to the integrity of PMAs must be thoroughly and effectively resolved. Current PMA policies, however, are not uniform and often lack stringency. To address this situation, the authors first identified and analyzed conflicts of interest that may affect the activities, leadership, and members of PMAs. The authors then went on to formulate guidelines, both short-term and long-term, to prevent the appearance or reality of undue industry influence. The recommendations are rigorous and would require many PMAs to transform their mode of operation and perhaps, to forgo valuable activities. To maintain integrity, sacrifice may be required. Nevertheless, these changes are in the best interest of the PMAs, the profession, their members, and the larger society.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder: single blind study
Authors: R Cosentino
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

To evaluate the clinical and radiological response of chronic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder to extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in a single blind study.70 patients showing chronic, symptomatic, calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder were examined. A single blind randomised study was performed with 35 patients undergoing a regular treatment (group 1) and 35 a simulated one (group 2). Pain and functional assessment was carried out according to Constant and Murley. Variations in the dimension of the calcification were evaluated by anteroposterior x ray films.A significant decrease of pain and a significant increase in shoulder function was seen in group 1. Examination by x ray showed partial resorption of the calcium deposits in 40% of cases and complete resorption in 31% of cases in group 1. In the control group no significant decrease of pain and no significant increase in shoulder function was seen. No modifications were observed by x ray examination.Because of its good tolerance, safety, and clinical radiological response, ESWT can be considered as an alternative treatment for chronic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder.
Study of the Sympathetic Vasoconstrictor Nerves to the Vessels of the Dog Hind Limb
Authors: DAVID E. DONALD, DAVID A. FERGUSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

In anesthetized dogs, the vasoconstrictor nerves to the vessels of the hind limb left the spinal cord in the anterior spinal nerve roots from T-10 through L-4 levels. Maximal vasoconstrictor responses occurred on stimulation of the T-12, T-13, and L-l roots; none occurred on stimulation of roots caudal to L-4. The nerves first entered the lumbar paravertebral chain at or above L-1; the last point of entry was at the L-4, L-5 level. No fibers left the lumbar chain at L-1, L-2, and L-3 levels. The first point of exit was at L-4, and nerves continued to leave as far distal as S-1, The most caudal point examined. The maximal response to stimulation of the lumbar chain was at the L-4, L-5 level. With a single exception, the responses to electric stimulation of the anterior spinal nerve roots, lumbar chain, or sympathetic ganglia were confined to the vessels of the ipsilateral limb. In 22 dogs with unilateral sympathectomy (L-2 through L-7), changes in hind-limb vascular resistance were induced reflexly or by electric stimulation of the anterior spinal roots. The results indicated that sympathetic control of the resistance vessels of the hind limb was still absent 77 days after sympathectomy.
The Current State of Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe, James M. Musser
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is one of the oldest recognized renal diseases. In the past three decades, significant changes have occurred in its epidemiology, in new insight gained in the nephritogenic characteristics of streptococcal antigens, and in the natural history of the disease. The disease is now rare in industrialized nations, but in the underprivileged world, the burden of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis ranges between 9.5 and 28.5 new cases per 100,000 individuals per year. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment is advisable in epidemic conditions and to household contacts of index cases in communities where the prevalence of the disease is high. The long-term prognosis is variable; in general, prognosis is excellent in children but significantly worse when it occurs in elderly individuals and in populations that present other risk factors of chronic kidney disease. Contemporary large-scale research strategies such as genome-wide sequencing may uncover new information about pathogenic factors contributing to disease.
Bloating in dyspepsia
Authors: Greger Lindberg
Journal: Gut (2013)

The symptom of bloating means a feeling of being puffed up in the abdomen. Bloating can have many different causes and is also part of the normal spectrum of signals from the alimentary tract. Bloating can be felt, for example, after eating a little too much. A population survey in the USA reported that 16% of healthy individuals experienced bloating at least once a month.1 The origin of such ‘physiological’ bloating is likely the stomach or the upper small intestine.2 ,3 Abnormal bloating occurs in functional gastrointestinal disorders, in particular, the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia and functional bloating. Bloating is perceived as the most frequent and bothersome symptom by patients with IBS.4 There is considerable overlap between bloating, as defined above, and abdominal distension. The latter is sometimes specified as measurable or visible distension, thus implying that abdominal distension is a clinical sign rather than a symptom.5 Abdominal distension was found in 76%–85% of IBS patients with bloating.4 ,6 A study that employed an objective method for measuring abdominal girth found abdominal distension in 48% of patients with IBS and bloating.7 Contrary to …