tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic Differential Susceptibility to Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Obesogenic Behavior
Authors: Patricia P. Silveira, Hélène Gaudreau, Leslie Atkinson, Alison S. Fleming, Marla B. Sokolowski, Meir Steiner, James L. Kennedy, Michael J. Meaney, Robert D. Levitan, Laurette Dubé
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Genes may work by modulating the way individuals respond to environmental variation, and these discrete and differential genes vs environmental interactions may not be readily captured in simple association studies.To determine whether children carrying the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene living under adverse economic conditions have worse-than-average fat intake compared with those living in a healthy environment.Data from an established prospective birth cohort (Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability, and Neurodevelopment) were used to study 4-year-old children from Montreal, Quebec, Canada and Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. A total of 190 children (94 girls and 96 boys) had height and weight measured and complete food diaries and were therefore eligible for the study. The study is derived from a birth cohort started in June 2003 and still ongoing. The last age of follow-up was at 6 years.Social environment was characterized based on the gross family income, and DNA was genotyped for the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene.Fat intake.The 5 steps to distinguish the differential susceptibility from other types of interaction were followed, and the study confirms that differential susceptibility is a relevant model to address the association between the 7-repeat allele of DRD4 and food choices in girls. Of the 190 children, 112 did not have the DRD4 7-repeat allele and 78 did. Baseline characteristics did not differ in these 2 groups. Although not different in several confounders, such as maternal educational level, maternal smoking during gestation, birth weight, and breastfeeding duration, girls carrying the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene and living in adverse socioeconomic conditions have increased fat intake compared with girls who are noncarriers (DRD4 7+ mean, 33.95% of calories derived from fat; 95% CI, 28.76%-39.13%; DRD4 7- mean, 28.76%; 95% CI, 26.77%-30.83%). However, girls carrying the 7-repeat allele of the same gene and living in better socioeconomic conditions have decreased fat intake compared with noncarriers (DRD4 7+ mean, 29.03% of calories derived from fat; 95% CI, 26.69%-31.51%; DRD4 7- mean, 31.88%; 95% CI, 30.28%-33.58%).Alleles previously considered to be obesity risk alleles might in fact function as plasticity alleles, determining openness to environmental modification and/or intervention, as seen in the girls in this study. This finding has important implications for obesity prevention and social pediatrics.
Predictive factors of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the response to transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kil Hyo Park, Soon Ha Kwon, Yong Sub Lee, Soung Won Jeong, Jae Young Jang, Sae Hwan Lee, Sang Gyune Kim, Sang-Woo Cha, Young Seok Kim, Young Deok Cho, Hong Soo Kim, Boo Sung Kim, Yong Jae Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2015)

The predictive role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) before performing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has not been determined. We assessed the possible predictive factors of CEUS for the response to TACE.Seventeen patients with 18 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent TACE. All of the tumors were studied with CEUS before TACE using a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue®, Bracco, Milan, Italy). The tumor response to TACE was classified with a score between 1 and 4 according to the remaining enhancing-tumor percentage based on modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST): 1, enhancing tumor <25%; 2, 25%≤enhancing tumor<50%; 3, 50%≤enhancing tumor<75%; and 4, enhancing tumor≥75%). A score of 1 was defined as a "good response" to TACE. The predictive factors for the response to TACE were evaluated during CEUS based on the maximum tumor diameter, initial arterial enhancing time, arterial enhancing duration, intensity of arterial enhancement, presence of a hypoenhanced pattern, and the feeding artery to the tumor.The median tumor size was 3.1 cm. The distribution of tumor response scores after TACE in all tumors was as follows: 1, n=11; 2, n=4; 3, n=2; and 4, n=1. Fifteen tumors showed feeding arteries. The presence of a feeding artery and the tumor size (≤5 cm) were the predictive factors for a good response (P=0.043 and P=0.047, respectively).The presence of a feeding artery and a tumor size of less than 5 cm were the predictive factors for a good response of HCC to TACE on CEUS.
Recent developments in the effort to cure HIV infection: going beyond N = 1
Authors: Janet D. Siliciano, Robert F. Siliciano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) can suppress plasma HIV to undetectable levels, allowing HIV-infected individuals who are treated early a nearly normal life span. Despite the clear ability of ART to prevent morbidity and mortality, it is not curative. Even in individuals who have full suppression of viral replication on ART, there are resting memory CD4+ T cells that harbor stably integrated HIV genomes, which are capable of producing infectious virus upon T cell activation. This latent viral reservoir is considered the primary obstacle to the development of an HIV cure, and recent efforts in multiple areas of HIV research have been brought to bear on the development of strategies to eradicate or develop a functional cure for HIV. Reviews in this series detail progress in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of viral latency, efforts to accurately assess the size and composition of the latent reservoir, the characterization and development of HIV-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies and cytolytic T lymphocytes, and animal models for the study HIV latency and therapeutic strategies.
本期课堂——挽救“姑息医疗”患者生命的治疗
Authors: Jane, Gibbins, Gaye, Smith, Karen, 王燕
Journal: BMJ (2009)

当病人处在可能缓解的其他病情时，“姑息医疗”并不应当成为挽救生命治疗的障碍。 “姑息”这个词在不同的背景下有不同的意思。它的含义不确切可能会导致我们混淆姑息医疗小组的角色，以及混淆对患者进行积极的治疗措施是否恰当。
Use of stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of malignant glioma.
Authors: F T Vertosick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.1.194 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8418234 Use of stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of malignant glioma. F T Vertosick JrxF T Vertosick JrSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.1.194 PDF "Use of stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of malignant glioma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11(1), pp. 194–195© 1993 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Maltodextrin supplemented diet prevents postoperative weight loss during the first months after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: M. Raida, H. Mestrom, H. Delbrück
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

15127 Background: Postoperative nutritional status is a major factor determining the outcome after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. However, weight loss is a regular consequence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. This weight reduction occurs during the first months, after which the weight curve seems to stabilize. Aim of this study was to determine the effect of maltodextrin supplemented diet on postgastrectomy weight loss. Methods: In 2005 we introduced a liquid supplementation of maltodextrin to the conventional solid dietary schedule of patients who had underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Between 01/2005 and 6/2006 87 consecutive patients with gastric cancer were included in the study. They were admitted to our hospital for a 3–4 weeks period of oncological rehabilitation, median age was 70 years, gastrectomy had been carried out up to 8 months before study inclusion. Oral nutrition followed the recommended dietary guidelines to avoid postgastrectomy dumping syndrome. This diet was supplemented with 150 g of maltodextrin, dissolved in 1 litre of tea (600 kcal). Weight changes in this study population were compared to a control population of 65 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who had been admitted to our hospital between 01/1992 and 12/1993, matching the same inclusion criteria as the study population but fed without the supplementation of maltrodextrin. Results: During the 3–4 weeks rehabilitation period patients from the maltodextrin study group were able to reach an average weight gain of 407g while patients from the control group lost in average 352 g during the same time span. We observed that weight gain substantially improved the psychological condition of the patients. Postgastrectomy dumping syndrome was similar in both groups depending on strict control of the dietary schedule. Conclusions: We conclude that a maltodextrin supplemented diet can effectively prevent postoperative weight loss during the first months after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
포스터발표 : 그랜드볼룸 ; 사염화탄소유래 간 손상 흰쥐 모델에서의 태반유래 줄기세포의 치료 효능 (초)
Authors: 김기진, 정지은, 이중민, 권성원, 김광일, 이민재, 황성규
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2010)
Phase II study of biweekly cetuximab (C) and irinotecan (I) as a second-line regimen for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)
Authors: B. A. Carneiro, N. Bahary, B. Lembersky, M. Fakih, S. S. Krishnamurthi, S. Lancaster, R. Pinkerton, T. Crandall, D. Potter, R. K. Ramanathan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15088 Background: I + C is a standard second line mCRC regimen. Our study investigated the efficacy and safety of a biweekly I + C combination in patients (pts) with mCRC. Methods: mCRC pts who failed 1st line fluoropyrimidine/oxaliplatin regimens and had not received I or C, were eligible for this open label phase II trial with response rate (RR) as the primary end-point and planned sample size of 31 patients to achieve a 25% RR with 80% power. C 500 mg/m2 IV was administered on d1 followed by I 180 mg/m2 IV over 60 minutes biweekly. Results: Pt. characteristics (n=32): Male (n=17), female (n=15), Median age 59.9; ECOG PS ≤1 (31 pt), PS=2 (1). Median number of cycles 3 (range 1–21), 17pts received ≤ 3 cycles. Chemotherapy doses were reduced/delayed in 20 pts. Initial I dose was reduced to 150mg/m2 in 12 pts due to previous radiation (6 pts), age ≥ 70 years (5 pts), or PS 2 (1 pt). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events: acneiform rash (n=6), diarrhea (n=5), and neutropenia (n=4); possible grade 5 (respiratory failure). One PR was seen, 12 pts had stable and 13 pts PD; 6 pts were not evaluable for response. Median OS 11.1 mos (95% CI 6.0–15.1) and TTP 2.4 mos (95% CI 1.4-NA). Among the 23 pts tested, 9 pts had KRAS, and 2 pts BRAF mutations. There was a trend towards higher OS and TTP among pts with wild type (wt) KRAS (OS 11.9 vs 9.96mo, p=0.66; TTP 5.97 vs 3.11mo, p=0.288) and BRAF (OS 12 vs 4.6mo, p=0.17; TTP 4.56 vs 1.86mo, p=0.239). Conclusions: The lower RR than previously reported was likely caused by the small sample size and possibly those factors leading to initial I dose reductions. In addition 90% of patients had prior therapy with FOLFOX/bevacizumab. The OS and TTP are consistent with those reported previously (Martin et al Brit J Cancer 2008, Pfeiffer P et al Ann Oncol 2008), supporting biweekly I + C as a convenient second-line regimen in mCRC. [Table: see text]
Erratum: Corrigendum: Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk–dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats
Authors: Frank A Duca, Clémence D Côté, Brittany A Rasmussen, Melika Zadeh-Tahmasebi, Guy A Rutter, Beatrice M Filippi, Tony K T Lam
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
PTEN recruitment controls synaptic and cognitive function in Alzheimer's models
Authors: Shira Knafo, Cristina Sánchez-Puelles, Ernest Palomer, Igotz Delgado, Jonathan E Draffin, Janire Mingo, Tina Wahle, Kanwardeep Kaleka, Liping Mou, Inmaculada Pereda-Perez, Edvin Klosi, Erik B Faber, Heidi M Chapman, Laura Lozano-Montes, Ana Ortega-Molina, Lara Ordóñez-Gutiérrez, Francisco Wandosell, Jose Viña, Carlos G Dotti, Randy A Hall, Rafael Pulido, Nashaat Z Gerges, Andrew M Chan, Mark R Spaller, Manuel Serrano, César Venero, José A Esteban
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2016)
Positive reactions of hospital staff to feedback by specialists.
Authors: Nana Nakamoto, Fumiaki Nakamura, Takahiro Higashi, Asuka Amano, Misato Fukuchi, Masako Hirayasu, Hatsue Higa, Kuniko Asato, Yasuhiro Shimada, Takaki Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki Ono, Shinji Tanaka, Megumi Ishiguro, Masato Masuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

57 Background: Although cancer is the leading cause of death in Japan, systematic quality monitoring of cancer care has not been established. In an attempt to explore such systems, we measured the quality of cancer care in several facilities through chart reviews by tumor registrars. The subsequent step is the provision of effective feedback of these results to the practicing physicians and other health professionals for further improvement. However, the receptiveness of lead practicing physicians may be debatable. Methods: We measured 23 quality indicators (QIs) (10 indicators for stomach cancer and 13 for colorectal cancer) in 10 designated cancer hospitals between 2010 and 2011. The staff who worked in these hospitals could see results of the measured QIs on web pages. All three designated cancer hospitals and one large general hospital in Okinawa Prefecture participated in feedback meetings. A feedback meeting was held in each of the four hospitals for one hour each. The feedback meeting consisted of three parts: general explanation of the measured QIs by the researcher, feedback regarding results of each indicator by the panels, and discussions. At the end of the meeting, participants answered a questionnaire regarding the meeting. Results: Of the 190 hospital staff who participated in the meeting (52 were medical doctors, 21 were nurse, 15 were other medical staff, and 102 were medical clerks), 142 (75%) answered the questionnaire. Majority of the responses were supportive of the quality measurement and feedback activities: 85% of the participants understood results of the measured QIs and 94% replied that the feedback methods were good. In addition, 86% answered that they would recommend other hospitals to participate if there was an opportunity. Among the physicians who participated, 89% answered that results of the measured QIs would influence their practices and 95% answered that data abstraction by tumor registrars was appropriate. Conclusions: Feedback by the panels who established QIs was favorably perceived by the hospital staff and could influence the attitude of physicians regarding current practices.
Image-guided lung radiotherapy: Bringing technology into routine clinical practice
Authors: K. N. Franks, A. Bezjak, J. Higgins, W. Li, T. G. Purdie, A. Brade, J. Cho, D. Payne, D. A. Jaffray, J. Bissonnette
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18093 Background: Cone-beam CT (CBCT), an imaging system integrated into the RT treatment unit, produces 3D images far superior to the conventional 2D portal images used for verification of patient (pt) set-up. This allows direct matching to the RT treatment planning CT images, potentially increasing the precision of RT delivery. We report on the broad implementation of this new RT image-guided paradigm in lung cancer patients at our center. Methods: All lung cancer pts undergoing radical RT were planned using 4DCT and imaged daily for repositioning with CBCT since 04/06. Initially, CBCT datasets were compared with the planning CT to assess the setup error (bone surrogate), using two immobilisation methods: evacuated bags (EB) and chest-board (ChB). Discrepancies &gt;3 mm between the two datasets, in any direction, were corrected before the start of each RT fraction. Data were retrospectively analyzed to assess the initial and residual discrepancies (43 pts; 1,128 CBCTs).Alternative matching strategies were also tested (carina &amp; tumor) using both manual and automatic methods (30 pts). Protocols had REB approval. Results: In total, 657 (58%) RT treatments required adjustment after initial positioning on the treatment couch. The two immobilization methods were equivalent (p=0.18); the mean pt shift required for ChB pts was 55±18mm and for EB pts was 69±32mm. Given that residual uncertainties were &lt;3 mm, margin calculations reveal that large reductions (54–79%) may be possible for tumors not influenced by respiratory motion. The performance of automatic matching was reasonable for carina (correlation [r] 0.8–0.84) and bone (r 0.58–0.81) but discrepancies were seen for tumor (r 0.63–0.69). Conclusions: Daily CBCT provides greatly increased accuracy of set-up, to within 3 mm of the planned bony anatomy, which may improve tumor control by confirming geographic accuracy. The role of image-guided RT in reducing the volume of irradiated normal tissue may play an important role in addressing toxicity concerns associated with combined modality treatment and facilitate safe RT dose escalation. In addition to increasing RT precision, daily CBCT allows routine visualisation of the tumor as well as to bony anatomy, presenting an exciting opportunity to adapt the treatment plan based on an individual response. [Table: see text]
HER2 status in 146 gastroesophageal carcinomas assessed by two rabbit monoclonal antibodies (SP3 and 4B5) and two in situ hybridisation methods (FISH and SISH)
Authors: J. E. Boers, H. Meeuwissen, N. Methorst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15555 Background: In the industrialized world, the incidence of adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus/gastric cardia is increasing rapidly and though the incidence of carcinomas of the gastric body / antrum are decreasing they still represent a significant health problem. Several reports claim a significant HER2-positivity in gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas. A large phase III trial in which HER2-positive gastric cancer patients are treated with trastuzumab is ongoing. New HER2 assessment methods are gaining popularity in breast cancer. Methods: HER2 status was examined in gastro-esophageal carcinomas, comparing SP3 (Labvision) and 4B5 (Ventana) immunohistochemistry (IHC), conventional dual probe HER2 FISH (DAKO), and SISH (Ventana) in a single Dutch institution. Results: IHC was carried out on biopsies of 146 patients with adenocarcinomas of the esophagus (n=44), gastric cardia (n=28), body (n=24) and antrum (n=50). IHC positivity, as defined by an immunoscore 2+ or 3+ using a modified scoring system, was present in 17 cases with the SP3 antibody, and in 24 cases with 4B5. FISH/SISH showed identical results in 40 cases carried out when any immunoreactivity in either antibody was detected. 100% of SP3-IHC-positive cases, and 92% of 4B5-IHC-positive were amplified. The negative predictive value of SP3 and 4B5 (immunoscores 0/1+) was 77% and 95%, respectively. Heterogenous HER2- positivity with partial staining/amplification was present in 73% of the adenocarcinomas, occasionally with only a tumor area of 10–20% showing positivity. HER2-amplification was present in 27% of esophageal and 18% in gastric cardia carcinomas (resulting in 24% amplification of tumors of the esophago-gastric region). In the distal stomach, 7% HER2-amplification was seen. Conclusions: HER2 amplification is present in a significant proportion of esophago-gastric region adenocarcinomas (24%) but at a much lower rate in the distal stomach (7%). Both antibodies can be used for initial screening for possible amplification though the 4B5 antibody has the highest negative predictive value. FISH and SISH yield identical results but the SISH assay offers rapid assessment. [Table: see text]
Treatment of liver toxicity in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: A phase III, monocentric, prospective, randomised trial of ursodeoxycolic acid (UDCA) vs no treatment
Authors: R. Cannizzaro, D. Crivellari, D. Lombardi, M. Magri, M. Fornasarig, L. Cadelli, E. Bidoli, R. Talamini, A. Veronesi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9060 Background: Liver toxicity during adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) represents one of the causes of treatment delay and dose reduction, with impairment of dose intensity and of final results. UDCA, a hydrophilic bile acid, has been reported to be effective in cholestasis. Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of UDCA (12 mg/kg/die) plus CT discontinuation vs CT discontinuation alone in the treatment of liver toxicity. Methods: The study provided two arms of randomization: discontinuation of CT and administration of UDCA at the dosage of 12 mg/kg/day or discontinuation of CT. CT was resumed at normalization of liver tests. Pts with liver metastases, acute or chronic hepatopathy, heart or kidney failure, or PS&lt;70 were excluded. During a 3 year period, 118/305 pts developed CT-induced hepatotoxicity and were enrolled into the study. Logistic multiple models and Fisher test or χ 2 test and the Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: Out the 118 pts, 66% were treated with CMF, 29% with Anthracyclines alone or in sequence with CMF and 5% with Anthracyclines and Taxanes. Liver toxicity occurred respectively in 37 pts after the 1st cycle, in 35 after the 2nd, in 15 after the 3rd, in 19 after the 4th, in 9 after the 5th and in 3 after the 6th. CT was definitely stopped in 8% of pts. CT was delayed of 1 week in 53%, of 2 wks in 31% and of 3 or more in 16%. 95% of pts had a hepatocytolitic damage and nobody purely cholestatic. G1 toxicity was observed in 34%, G2 in 57%, G3 in 9%. Pts were randomized in two groups of 59 pts each. UDCA group: 3 pts (5%) stopped CT and 11 (19%) had dose reduction. Control group: 6 pts (10%) stopped CT and 7 (12%) had dose reduction. No statistically significant difference between UDCA group and control group was noted both for dose reduction (p = 0.31) and for CT stop (p = 0.30), even if twice as many pts of the control group had to stop CT (6/59). No correlation between alcohol use and liver damage was noted. Conclusions: Most cases of liver toxicity are of low or intermediate grade. No statistically significant difference was found between UDCA and control, even if there was a positive trend in reducing liver toxicity, that can have a positive impact on the final results of adjuvant CT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Negative prognostic value of high levels of intracellular poly(ADP-ribose) in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: J. Michels, J. Adam, A. Goubar, F. Obrist, D. Damotte, A. Robin, M. Alifano, I. Vitale, K.A. Olaussen, P. Girard, I. Cremer, M. Castedo, J.-C. Soria, G. Kroemer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)