tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asthma prevalence in children living in villages, cities and refugee camps in Palestine
Authors: N. El-Sharif, Z. Abdeen, R. Qasrawi, G. Moens, B. Nemery
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Previous studies have suggested that asthma prevalence is generally lower in the Middle East than in more developed countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of asthma and asthma symptoms in schoolchildren in the Ramallah District in Palestine. In the autumn of 2000, 3,382 schoolchildren aged 6-12 yrs were surveyed in 12 schools, using the International Study for Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)-phase III, parents-administered translated questionnaire. The crude prevalence rates for "wheezing-ever", "wheezing in the previous 12 months", and "physician-diagnosed asthma" were 17.1, 8.8 and 9.4% respectively, with urban areas having higher prevalence rates than rural areas. Within urban areas, refugee camps had higher prevalence rates than cities. Yet, within the rural areas, the 12-month prevalence was lower in the deprived villages than other residences. Place of residence remained significant for asthma and asthma symptoms, after adjusting for sex, age, and place of birth. To conclude, children from refugee camps appear to be at higher risk of asthma than children from neighbouring villages or cities. The prevalence of asthma and asthma symptoms in Palestine appears to be close to that of Jordan, but it is much lower than Israel, and lower than some other countries in the region, such as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, and more developed countries. This initial study is a baseline for a study on lifestyle and environmental determinants for asthma among Palestinian children.
Prognostic value of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood
Authors: Jacques JM van Dongen, Taku Seriu, E Renate Panzer-Grümayer, Andrea Biondi, Marja J Pongers-Willemse, Lilly Corral, Frank Stolz, Martin Schrappe, Giuseppe Masera, Willem A Kamps, Helmuth Gadner, Elisabeth R van Wering, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Giuseppe Basso, Marianne AC de Bruijn, Giovanni Cazzaniga, Klaudia Hettinger, Anna van der Does-van den Berg, Wim CJ Hop, Hansjörg Riehm, Claus R Bartram
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
Symptom profile in obese asthmatics compared with non obese asthmatics in stable state
Authors: Manuel Barros, Claudia Cartagena, Mirtha Reyes, Maria Jose Perez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

It has been proposed that in asthmatic subjects with obesity (O) it is more difficult to achieve symptom control when compared with non obese patients (NO). The aim of this study was to establish a symptom profile in outpatient asthmatics, comparing O with NO subjects.  We included patients with confirmed Asthma, who had filled prescriptions for at least 1 year. They should not have other respiratory illness or systemic uncontrolled disease. Subjects answered the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACT), and clinical charts were reviewed for demographic, medical and therapeutic information. ACT scores from 5 (worst control) to 25 (total control). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 Kg/m2. Statistical analysis was done with t test and chi2. Results are presented as mean±SD.  223 patients were included (93 O, 130 NO), with FEV1 77±21%, and asthma for 21.5±14.2 years. O group was older (55.6±15.6 vs 48.2±20.8 years old; p=0.004), had more women (85 vs 64%, p=0.001), less atopy (71 vs 84%, p   2 controller drugs in 19 vs 7% (p   In this group of asthmatic patients we found that O subjects had worse control than NO, with a different symptom profile, despite receiving more treatment.
Elevation of plasma brain natriuretic peptide is a hallmark of diastolic heart failure independent of ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Hitoshi Yamaguchi, Junichi Yoshida, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Yasushi Sakata, Toshiaki Mano, Noriyuki Akehi, Masatsugu Hori, Young-Jae Lim, Masayoshi Mishima, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
More Taxa, More Characters: The Hoatzin Problem Is Still Unresolved
Authors: Michael D Sorenson, Elen Oneal, Jaime Garcia-Moreno, David P Mindell
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

The apparently rapid and ancient diversification of many avian orders complicates the resolution of their relationships using molecular data. Recent studies based on complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences or shorter lengths of nuclear sequence have helped corroborate the basic structure of the avian tree (e.g., a basal split between Paleognathae and Neognathae) but have made relatively little progress in resolving relationships among the many orders within Neoaves. We explored the potential of a moderately sized mtDNA data set (∼5,000 bp for each of 41 taxa), supplemented with data from a nuclear intron (∼700 bp per taxon), to resolve relationships among avian orders. Our sampling of taxa addresses two issues: (1) the sister relationship and monophyly, respectively, of Anseriformes and Galliformes and (2) relationships of the enigmatic hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin. Our analyses support a basal split between Galloanserae and Neoaves within Neognathae and monophyly of both Galliformes and Anseriformes. Within Galliformes, megapodes and then cracids branch basally. Within Anseriformes, mitochondrial data support a screamer (Anhimidae) plus magpie goose (Anseranatidae) clade. This result, however, may be an artifact of divergent base composition in one of the two anatids we sampled. With deletion of the latter taxon, Anseranas is sister to anatids as in traditional arrangements and recent morphological studies. Although our data provide limited resolution of relationships within Neoaves, we find no support for a sister relationship between either cuckoos (Cuculiformes) or turacos (Musophagiformes) and hoatzin. Both mitochondrial and nuclear data are consistent with a relationship between hoatzin and doves (Columbiformes), although this result is weakly supported. We also show that mtDNA sequences reported in another recent study included pervasive errors that biased the analysis towards finding a sister relationship between hoatzin and turacos.
Spirometric studies on normal Turkish subjects aged 8 to 20 years
Authors: N. Akgun, H. Ozgonul
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Total lung capacity and its subdivisions, maximal breathing capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second expressed as a percentage of the forced vital capacity, were measured in 130 male and 130 female normal Turkish subjects 8 to 20 years old to establish normal values. The subjects were from different socio-economic communities. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the relationship of the measurements to age and the physical characteristics of the body, and the best regression equations were found for predicting lung volumes and maximal breathing capacity. It was found that all physical characteristics were highly correlated with spirometric measurements. Best prediction formulae were found to be based on body surface area and height. All volumes and maximal breathing capacity were found, in general, to be higher in males. This sex difference in measurements became significant after 16-17 years of age. The difference in height between the two sexes also became significant after 16 years of age. In the same age group and in both sexes, taller subjects had higher lung volumes and maximal breathing capacity. These findings suggest that height and respiratory muscle power are the main factors of sex difference in the measurements. Vital capacity and maximal breathing capacity related to age in both sexes were compared with those of some previous studies and it was found that all data, except a few, fell within the 95% confidence limits of the present study. Similar observations were, in general, made when height was taken into consideration for comparison. The value of FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC% was altered little for the age group studied and its mean value was about 86·6 ± 4·2% for males and 87 ± 4·2% for females. There was no significant relationship between age or sex and RV/TLC% and the mean value of this parameter was 23·6 ± 1·9 for males and 25·5 ± 1·6 for females. There was a slight but clinically unimportant difference between the values of these two measurements and the value from the literature.
<i>NLRP1</i> influences the systemic sclerosis phenotype: a new clue for the contribution of innate immunity in systemic sclerosis-related fibrosing alveolitis pathogenesis
Authors: P Dieudé, M Guedj, J Wipff, B Ruiz, G Riemekasten, P Airo, I Melchers, E Hachulla, M Matucci Cerinic, E Diot, N Hunzelmann, P Caramaschi, J Sibilia, K Tiev, L Mouthon, V Riccieri, J L Cracowski, P H Carpentier, J Distler, Z Amoura, I Tarner, J Avouac, O Meyer, A Kahan, C Boileau, Y Allanore
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Recent evidence has highlighted a potential role of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). NLRP1 provides a scaffold for the assembly of the inflammasome that promotes the processing and maturation of pro-IL-1β. In addition, <i>NLRP1</i> variants were found to confer susceptibility to autoimmune disorders. <h3>Objective</h3> To study a possible association of the <i>NLRP1</i> rs6502867, rs2670660 and rs8182352, rs12150220 and rs4790797 with SSc in the European Caucasian population. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>NLRP1</i> single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 3227 individuals comprising a discovery set (870 SSc patients and 962 controls) and a replication set including individuals from Germany (532 SSc patients and 324 controls) and Italy (527 SSc patients and 301 controls), all individuals being of European Caucasian origin. <h3>Results</h3> Conditional analyses revealed a significant association for the <i>NLRP1</i> rs8182352 variant with both anti-topoisomerase-positive and SSc-related fibrosing alveolitis (FA) subsets under an additive model: p=0.0042, OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.41) and p=0.0065 OR 1.19 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.36), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed an additive effect of <i>IRF5</i> rs2004640, <i>STAT4</i> rs7574865 and <i>NLRP1</i> rs8182352 risk alleles on SSc-related FA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results establish <i>NLRP1</i> as a new genetic susceptibility factor for SSc-related pulmonary fibrosis and anti-topoisomerase-positive SSc phenotypes. This provides new insights into the pathogenesis of SSc, underlining the potential role of innate immunity in particular in the FA-positive SSc subphenotype, which represents a severe subset of the disease.
YC-1 induces apoptosis of human renal carcinoma A498 cells in vitro and in vivo through activating JNK pathway
Authors: Wu Szu-Ying, Jih-Hwa Guh, Shiow-Lin Pan, Tzu-Hsuan Chen, Cho-Hwa Liao, Der-Yi Huang, Ya-Ling Chang, Fang-Yu Lee, Sheng-Chu Kuo, Che-Ming Teng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

B45 

The survival rate of patients affected with renal carcinoma has been very low and effective drugs have been very few. In this study, we investigated the high sensitivity for YC-1, a characteristic of human renal cancer A498 cells, and tried to understand the mechanism of YC-1-induced tumor cell apoptosis and the potency of YC-1 in in vivo studies. YC-1 displayed anti-tumor activity at 10-7 ~ 10-8 M of IC50 as measured by MTT and SRB assays. We found that the cell population in subG1 phase dramatically increased in response to YC-1 in a concentration-dependent manner demonstrated through flow cytometry. YC-1-induced chromatin condensation was identified by DAPI staining technique. Several targets of caspases and the Bcl-2 family of proteins were detected, and data demonstrated that YC-1 induced activation of caspase-8, -3 and PARP cleavage. YC-1 significantly induces Fas ligand expression, and did not modify either the protein levels of death receptors or ligands. In addition, Fas clustering in A498 cells responsive to YC-1 was observed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, suggesting the involvement of a Fas-mediated pathway. On the other hand, YC-1 markedly induced phosphorylation of JNK and data showed that SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, and siRNA JNK1/2 could significantly reverse YC-1-induced apoptotic effect and protein expression in A498 cells. It is suggested that YC-1 induces JNK phosphorylation and then up-regulation of FasL, and induces Fas receptor clustering to promote the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, resulting in apoptosis. Finally, our data demonstrate the anti-tumor effect of YC-1 in in vivo studies. These data reveal that YC-1 is an excellent candidate for use in the development of anticancer drugs.
Swimming experiences and abilities of nine year olds.
Authors: J Langley, P A Silva
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

As part of a longitudinal study of children, 941 mothers were asked to report on their childrens' swimming experiences and abilities. At age nine, twenty-nine per cent of the children could swim only a few strokes or not at all. A disproportionate number of children who could swim more than a few strokes came from high socio-economic backgrounds, from families where one or more of the parents could swim, and which scored higher on an index of active recreational orientation. There were no significant sex differences in swimming ability. There were 97 incidents reported where a child had been in difficulties while in water and had to be rescued. The importance of collecting data on such incidents is discussed.
Measuring the Effects of Treatment With Antipsychotics
Authors: Gad Mayer, Uri Nitzan, Pesach Lichtenberg
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on the Risk of Death
Authors: Emelia J. Benjamin, Philip A. Wolf, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Halit Silbershatz, William B. Kannel, Daniel Levy
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes substantial morbidity. It is uncertain whether AF is associated with excess mortality independent of associated cardiac conditions and risk factors. Methods and Results —We examined the mortality of subjects 55 to 94 years of age who developed AF during 40 years of follow-up of the original Framingham Heart Study cohort. Of the original 5209 subjects, 296 men and 325 women (mean ages, 74 and 76 years, respectively) developed AF and met eligibility criteria. By pooled logistic regression, after adjustment for age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, and stroke or transient ischemic attack, AF was associated with an OR for death of 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2 to 1.8) in men and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.2) in women. The risk of mortality conferred by AF did not significantly vary by age. However, there was a significant AF-sex interaction: AF diminished the female advantage in survival. In secondary multivariate analyses, in subjects free of valvular heart disease and preexisting cardiovascular disease, AF remained significantly associated with excess mortality, with about a doubling of mortality in both sexes. Conclusions —In subjects from the original cohort of the Framingham Heart Study, AF was associated with a 1.5- to 1.9-fold mortality risk after adjustment for the preexisting cardiovascular conditions with which AF was related. The decreased survival seen with AF was present in men and women and across a wide range of ages.
Recombinant Apolipoprotein A-I <sub>Milano</sub> Infusion Into Rabbit Carotid Artery Rapidly Removes Lipid From Fatty Streaks
Authors: Giulia Chiesa, Elena Monteggia, Marta Marchesi, Paolo Lorenzon, Massimo Laucello, Vito Lorusso, Carlo Di Mario, Evangelia Karvouni, Roger S. Newton, Charles L. Bisgaier, Guido Franceschini, Cesare R. Sirtori
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Apolipoprotein A-I Milano (AIM), a natural variant of human apolipoprotein A-I, confers to carriers a significant protection against vascular disease. In previous studies, administration of recombinant AIM-phospholipid (AIM-PL) complexes to hypercholesterolemic rabbits markedly inhibited neointimal formation after arterial injury; moreover, repeated injections of AIM-PL in apoE-deficient mice significantly reduced atherosclerosis progression. The objective of the present study was to determine if a single localized infusion of AIM-PL complexes administered directly to atheromatous lesions could promote plaque regression. Lipid-rich, atheromatous plaques were generated at both common carotid arteries of 25 rabbits by applying a perivascular electric injury, followed by 1.5% cholesterol diet for 90 days. Rabbits were infused with either saline, phospholipid vesicles, or 3 different AIM-PL doses (250, 500, or 1000 mg of protein) delivered through an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheter positioned at the origin of the right carotid. The lesions at the left carotid artery were therefore exposed to the agents systemically. Infusion of AIM-PL at the 2 highest doses caused reduction of right carotid artery plaque area by the end a 90-minute infusion as assessed by IVUS analysis. Plaque area regression was confirmed by histology in carotid arteries receiving direct (500 and 1000 mg doses) and systemic (500 mg dose) delivery, 72 hours after the start of the treatment. Plaque lipid content was associated with significant and similar decreases in Oil Red O staining in both arteries. These results suggest AIM-PL complexes enhanced lipid removal from arteries is the mechanism responsible for the observed plaque changes.
A COMPARISON OF THE SPECIFICITY OF INHIBITION BY PHOSPHONATE ESTERS OF THE FIRST COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT AND THE ANTIGEN-INDUCED RELEASE OF HISTAMINE FROM GUINEA PIG LUNG
Authors: Elmer L. Becker, K. Frank Austen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

The ability of a number p-nitrophenylethyl alkyl, phenyl alkyl, chloroalkyl, and aminoalkyl phosphonates to inhibit the activated first component (C'1a) of guinea pig complement, and the antigen-induced release of histamine from sliced, perfused guinea pig lung has been compared. C'1a in its reactivity with these phosphonates is distinctly more similar to trypsin than to any of the other enzymes studied previously. It is suggested that both trypsin and C'1a possess an anionic group in the active center of the respective enzyme, but the distance between the anionic and esteratic site in C'1a might be less than in trypsin. The pattern of inhibition of histamine relase by the alkyl, phenyl alkyl, and chloroalkyl phosphonates is similar to the inhibition of C'1a by these compounds, although distinct differences are apparent. The aminoalkyl phosphonates are distinctly less active inhibitors of histamine release than the corresponding alkyl phosphonates, whereas the reverse is true of the inhibition of C'1a. On the basis of these differences, it is tentatively concluded that the organophosphorus-inhibitable enzymes in the guinea pig systems studied here are similar but not identical.
Re: An Empirical Evaluation of Guidelines on Prostate-Specific Antigen Velocity in Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: S. Loeb, E. J. Metter, H. B. Carter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

Objectives: To describe the distribution and implications of prostate–specific antigen velocity (PSAV) by prostate–specific antigen (PSA) in an unselected population. A PSAV 0,201135 and 2,20110 ng/mL/y have been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (CaP) death more than 10 years and 1 year before diagnosis, respectively. It is unknown how frequently PSAVs of this magnitude occur in community men. Methods: From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we examined the PSAV distribution in 786 men with serial PSA measurements (3474 PSAV observations) at total PSA levels 10 ng/mL. We also determined whether PSAV altered the probability of overall and life-threatening CaP at PSA levels 3 and 3–10 ng/mL. Results: Overall, the mean PSA and PSAV were 1.3 ng/mL and 0.05 ng/mL/y, respectively. PSAV rose continuously with increasing PSA (P .0001), and was significantly higher in cancers than controls for observations at PSA levels 3 ng/mL (P .02) and 3–10 ng/mL (P .0008). The probability of life-threatening CaP was 3% at a PSA 3 ng/mL, but increased to 13.6% with PSAV 0.4 ng/mL/y. At PSA levels of 3–10 ng/mL, the probability of life-threatening CaP was 9.8% based on PSA alone vs 12% with PSAV 0.4 ng/mL/y. Conclusions: PSAV was significantly higher in CaP observations than controls in all PSA ranges studied and altered the risk of overall and life-threatening CaP at a given PSA level. Because the value of PSAV is PSA-dependent, the PSA level should be taken into account when interpreting PSAV.
Oral Metoclopramide With or Without Diphenhydramine: Potential for Prevention of Late Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Cisplatin
Authors: S. M. Grunberg, E. Ehler, J. E. McDermed, W. L. Akerley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Late nausea and vomiting lasting 2–7 days occurs in 20%–68% of patients receiving cisplatin. We therefore studied the effects of oral metoclopramide given at doses of 20, 50, or 100 mg four times a day for 25 doses (7 days) beginning after cisplatin to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for prophylactic oral antiemetic regimens. Patients were stratified into younger (≤130 yr old) and older >30 yr old) groups. Dose escalation was performed without or with concomitant oral diphenhydramine. For the younger group, the MTD for metoclopramide without diphenhydramine was <20 mg, and the MTD with diphenhydramine was 20 mg. For the older group, the MTD without diphenhydramine was 20 mg, and the MTD with diphenhydramine was 50 mg. Extrapyramidal reactions in the younger group and agitated depression in the older group were the major doseterminating toxic effects. Patient acceptance of these regimens was excellent.