tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predicting prognosis in stable angina—results from the Euro heart survey of stable angina: prospective observational study
Authors: Caroline A Daly, Bianca De Stavola, Jose L Lopez Sendon, Luigi Tavazzi, Eric Boersma, Felicity Clemens, Nicholas Danchin, Francois Delahaye, Anselm Gitt, Desmond Julian, David Mulcahy, Witold Ruzyllo, Kristian Thygesen, Freek Verheugt, Kim M Fox
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To investigate the prognosis associated with stable angina in a contemporary population as seen in clinical practice, to identify the key prognostic features, and from this to construct a simple score to assist risk prediction. <b>Design</b> Prospective observational cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Pan-European survey in 156 outpatient cardiology clinics. <b>Participants</b> 3031 patients were included on the basis of a new clinical diagnosis by a cardiologist of stable angina with follow-up at one year. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Death or non-fatal myocardial infarction. <b>Results</b> The rate of death and non-fatal myocardial infarction in the first year was 2.3 per 100 patient years; the rate was 3.9 per 100 patient years in the subgroup (n = 994) with angiographic confirmation of coronary disease. The clinical and investigative factors most predictive of adverse outcome were comorbidity, diabetes, shorter duration of symptoms, increasing severity of symptoms, abnormal ventricular function, resting electrocardiogaphic changes, or not having any stress test done. Results of non-invasive stress tests did not significantly predict outcome in the population who had tests done. A score was constructed using the parameters predictive of outcome to estimate the probability of death or myocardial infarction within one year of presentation with stable angina. <b>Conclusions</b> A score based on the presence of simple, objective clinical and investigative variables makes it possible to discriminate effectively between very low risk and very high risk patients and to estimate the probability of death or non-fatal myocardial infarction over one year.
TCT-492 Stent Thrombosis With Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Ticagrelor or Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes in a Real World Setting
Authors: Christian O. Fallesen, Per Thayssen, Knud Erik Pedersen, Anders Junker, Knud N. Hansen, Henrik S. Hansen, Karsten T. Veien, Lisette Okkels Jensen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Gastrointestinal manifestations among Chilean patients infected with novel influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus
Authors: A Riquelme, M Alvarez-Lobos, C Pavez, P Hasbun, J Dabanch, C Cofre, J Jimenez, M Calvo
Journal: Gut (2009)

Influenza A (H1N1) viruses have been widely found in different species, hence different strains have been demonstrated to infect various species such as birds, pigs and humans. During this year a new influenza virus has recently emerged from a reassortment between triple reassortant swine virus and the Eurasian influenza A swine virus lineage.1 Since the World Health Organisation’s declaration of a new pandemic, the virus has continued to spread to different countries, with a higher number of cases in North and South America, of which Chile has emerged as one of the most affected countries worldwide2 (fig 1).



Figure 1 
New influenza A (H1N1) 2009. The number of laboratory-confirmed cased worldwilde reported by the …
An insertion-deletion mutation in keratin 9 in three Chinese families with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma
Authors: X-N. Zhang, X-H. He, Z. Lai, W-G. Yin, Y-P. Le, J-M. Guo, W. Mao, X-L. He, J-C. Li
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)
RENAL DAMAGE FOLLOWING THE INGESTION OF A DIET CONTAINING AN EXCESS OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE
Authors: Eaton M. MacKay, Jean Oliver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

The addition of an excess of inorganic phosphate in the form of orthophosphoric acid, acid, basic or neutral sodium or potassium phosphate to the diet of albino rats results in the development of an interesting and permanent renal lesion. The phosphate renal lesion is characterized by a necrosis of the cells of the convoluted tubules commencing at the terminal end, followed by a regeneration of atypical epithelium and calcification of the necrotic debris that fills the tubules. The entire outer stripe of the outer zone of the medulla is transformed into a zone of distorted structures and there is an increase in the interstitial connective tissue. The adjoining cortex is also involved with cystic dilatation of tubules and collapse. Such areas may reach the free surface of the organ and produce a retracted scar. In the gross the kidneys are enlarged and firm on section with a pebbled surface produced by numerous scars. The maximum changes in the kidney structure are reached after some 15 days although necrosis of the convoluted tubule cells is evident after a single day of phosphate feeding. The renal structure is not restored to its normal form when the excess of phosphate is removed from the diet.
THE ROLE OF MYCOBACTERIA AND THE EFFECT OF PROTEOLYTIC DEGRADATION OF THYROGLOBULIN ON THE PRODUCTION OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
Authors: W. O. Weigle, Gloria J. High, R. M. Nakamura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Data are presented which suggest that the initial event involved in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis following injection of rabbits with homologous thyroglobulin in complete Freund's adjuvant is alteration of the thyroglobulin. Alteration of the thyroglobulin does not occur during incorporation into the adjuvant or in vitro storage in the adjuvant, and the mycobacteria in the adjuvant have no direct effect on the thyroglobulin. Most likely, the alteration results from an increase in hydrogen ion concentration within cells or local areas in the granuloma and the subsequent action of proteolytic enzymes. These conditions are probably established in the granuloma as the result of neutrophilic response to the mycobacteria in the adjuvant. Rabbits injected with aqueous preparations of homologous thyroglobulin partially degraded in vitro with pepsin at acid pH produced antibody to native thyroglobulin and developed thyroiditis. Most of these rabbits responded to a subsequent injection of native thyroglobulin given 1 month later.
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Index for 4-Year Mortality in Older Adults
Authors: Sei J Lee, Karla Lindquist, Mark R Segal, Kenneth E Covinsky
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Both comorbid conditions and functional measures predict mortality in older adults, but few prognostic indexes combine both classes of predictors. Combining easily obtained measures into an accurate predictive model could be useful to clinicians advising patients, as well as policy makers and epidemiologists interested in risk adjustment.To develop and validate a prognostic index for 4-year mortality using information that can be obtained from patient report.Using the 1998 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based study of community-dwelling US adults older than 50 years, we developed the prognostic index from 11,701 individuals and validated the index with 8009. Individuals were asked about their demographic characteristics, whether they had specific diseases, and whether they had difficulty with a series of functional measures. We identified variables independently associated with mortality and weighted the variables to create a risk index.Death by December 31, 2002.The overall response rate was 81%. During the 4-year follow-up, there were 1361 deaths (12%) in the development cohort and 1072 deaths (13%) in the validation cohort. Twelve independent predictors of mortality were identified: 2 demographic variables (age: 60-64 years, 1 point; 65-69 years, 2 points; 70-74 years, 3 points; 75-79 years, 4 points; 80-84 years, 5 points, >85 years, 7 points and male sex, 2 points), 6 comorbid conditions (diabetes, 1 point; cancer, 2 points; lung disease, 2 points; heart failure, 2 points; current tobacco use, 2 points; and body mass index <25, 1 point), and difficulty with 4 functional variables (bathing, 2 points; walking several blocks, 2 points; managing money, 2 points, and pushing large objects, 1 point. Scores on the risk index were strongly associated with 4-year mortality in the validation cohort, with 0 to 5 points predicting a less than 4% risk, 6 to 9 points predicting a 15% risk, 10 to 13 points predicting a 42% risk, and 14 or more points predicting a 64% risk. The risk index showed excellent discrimination with a cstatistic of 0.84 in the development cohort and 0.82 in the validation cohort.This prognostic index, incorporating age, sex, self-reported comorbid conditions, and functional measures, accurately stratifies community-dwelling older adults into groups at varying risk of mortality.
Definition and significance of polycystic ovarian morphology: a task force report from the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society
Authors: D. Dewailly, M. E. Lujan, E. Carmina, M. I. Cedars, J. Laven, R. J. Norman, H. F. Escobar-Morreale
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2013)

BACKGROUNDThe diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) relies on clinical, biological and morphological criteria. With the advent of ultrasonography, follicle excess has become the main aspect of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). Since 2003, most investigators have used a threshold of 12 follicles (measuring 2–9 mm in diameter) per whole ovary, but that now seems obsolete. An increase in ovarian volume (OV) and/or area may also be considered accurate markers of PCOM, yet their utility compared with follicle excess remains unclear.
High Wnt Signaling Represses the Proapoptotic Proteoglycan <i>syndecan-2</i> in Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: François-Xavier Dieudonné, Allison Marion, Eric Haÿ, Pierre Jacques Marie, Dominique Modrowski
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Osteosarcoma is characterized by frequent relapse and metastatic disease associated with resistance to chemotherapy. We previously showed that syndecan-2 is a mediator of the antioncogenic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. The purpose of this work was to elucidate molecular mechanisms responsible for the low expression of syndecan-2 in osteosarcoma. We compared the regulatory activity of cis-acting DNA sequences of the syndecan-2 gene in osteosarcoma and osteoblastic cell lines. We identified a DNA region that negatively regulates syndecan-2 transcription in the osteosarcoma cells. T-cell factors (TCF) bind to this sequence in vivo. Wnt3a stimulation, beta-catenin activation, and TCF overexpression resulted in syndecan-2 repression, whereas Wnt inhibition using sFRP-1 increased syndecan-2 expression in U2OS cells. RhoA activation blunted the stimulatory effect of sFRP-1 on syndecan-2 transcription, whereas RhoA inhibition enhanced syndecan-2 expression. These results indicate that Wnt/beta-catenin and Wnt/RhoA signaling contribute to syndecan-2 repression. The alteration of syndecan-2 expression in osteosarcoma cell lines also seemed to be related to a higher shedding, controlled by Wnt/RhoA. Conversely, syndecan-2 was found to activate its own expression in U2OS cells through RhoA inhibition. These data identify a molecular network that may contribute to the low expression of the proapoptotic proteoglycan syndecan-2 in osteosarcoma cells. The high activity of the canonical Wnt pathway in the different osteosarcoma cells induces a constitutive repression of syndecan-2 transcription, whereas Wnt/RhoA signaling blocks the amplification loop of syndecan-2 expression. Our results identify syndecan-2 as a Wnt target and bring new insights into a possible pathologic role of Wnt signaling in osteosarcoma.
Vasopeptidase Inhibition Restores Renovascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Salt-Induced Hypertension
Authors: THOMAS QUASCHNING, LIVIUS V. D'USCIO, SIDNEY SHAW, HERMANN-JOSEF GRÖNE, FRANK RUSCHITZKA, THOMAS F. LÜSCHER
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Renovascular hemodynamics plays a pivotal role in the regulation of BP. The effect of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat (O) and the ACE-inhibitor captopril (C) on endothelial function in the renal circulation in salt-induced hypertension were investigated. Dahl salt-sensitive rats (n = 6 per group) on standard or salt-enriched chow were treated for 8 wk with O (36 +/- 4 mg/kg per d), C (94 +/- 2 mg/kg per d), or placebo. Renal arteries were suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. Vascular hypertrophy was assessed by determination of standardized heart weight and aortic weight, and morphologic analysis of glomerular injury was performed. Systolic BP of salt-fed, placebo-treated animals increased to 196 +/- 6 mmHg, which was reduced by O (162 +/- 5 mmHg; P < 0.05) and C (164 +/- 7 mmHg; P < 0.05) to a comparable degree. In salt-induced hypertension, endothelium-dependent relaxations in renal arteries (56 +/- 6 versus 100 +/- 6%; P < 0.05) as well as contractions to endothelin-1 (ET-1) (98 +/- 5% versus 128 +/- 5%; P < 0.05) and big ET-1 (47 +/- 6% versus 116 +/- 7%; P < 0.05) were markedly reduced as compared with control animals, whereas standardized aortic weight and heart weight (4.9 +/- 0.4 versus 3.2 +/- 0.3 g/kg; P < 0.05) increased. Treatment with O restored endothelium-dependent relaxations (88 +/- 6%; P < 0.05 versus C) and contractions to ET-1 (120 +/- 6%) and big ET-1 (98 +/- 9%). O prevented vascular hypertrophy (0.23 +/- 0.019 mg/mm(2) versus 0.31 +/- 0.018 mg/mm(2) in high-salt diet; P < 0.05), but, in contrast to C, it only had a modest effect on glomerular injury. In conclusion, O restored renovascular endothelial function and prevented vascular hypertrophy in salt-induced hypertension and therefore may advance as a beneficial approach in the therapy of various forms of hypertension.
Long-term effects of asthma education for physicians on patient satisfaction and use of health services
Authors: N.M. Clark, M. Gong, M.a Schork, N Kaciroti, D Evans, D Roloff, M Hurwitz, L.a Maiman, R.b Mellins
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

This randomized clinical trial evaluated the long-term impact of an interactive seminar for physicians based on principles of self-regulation on clinician behaviour, children9s use of health services for asthma, and parent9s views of physician performance. Seventy-four general practice paediatricians, and 637 of their asthma patients aged 1-12 yrs, were randomized to treatment or control. Children and parents were blind to physicians9 participation. Data were collected at baseline and follow-up through self-administered surveys (paediatricians), telephone interviews (parents) and medical records. The seminar focused on development of communication and teaching skills and use of therapeutic medical regimens for asthma as outlined in the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines. Approximately 2 yrs postintervention, treatment group physicians were more likely than control physicians to: use protocols for delivering asthma education (odds ratio (OR) 4.9, p=0.2), write down for patients how to adjust medicines when symptoms change (OR 5.7, p=0.05), and provide more guidelines for modifying therapy (OR 3.8, p=0.06). Parents scored treatment group physicians higher than control physicians on five specific positive communication behaviours. Children seen by treatment group physicians had fewer hospitalizations (p=0.03) and those with higher levels of emergency department (ED) use at baseline had fewer subsequent ED visits (p=0.03). No differences regarding the number of office visits were noted. There were no significant differences found between treatment and control group physicians in the amount of time spent with patients during office visits (26 versus 29 min) or in the number of patients treated with anti-inflammatory medicine. It is concluded that interactive asthma seminars for paediatricians had significant long-term benefits for their asthma care.
Guidelines for Home- and Office-Based Blood Pressure Monitoring—Reply
Authors: Jan A. Staessen, Elly Den Hond, Eoin T. O'Brien
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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Sleep Duration and Snoring in Relation to Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Catherine J. Williams, Frank B. Hu, Sanjay R. Patel, Christos S. Mantzoros
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Sleep habits have been associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic disturbances, but the mechanisms underlying these associations have yet to be fully elucidated. We aim to determine whether sleep duration and/or snoring are associated with biomarkers of CVD in women with type 2 diabetes.We studied 935 women aged 43-69 years enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study cohort with type 2 diabetes who had no history of documented coronary heart disease or stroke in 1990. Information on sleep duration and snoring frequency was collected in 1986 from mailed questionnaires, and biomarkers of CVD were measured from blood samples taken in 1989-1990.Longer sleep duration was associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein after adjusting for age, BMI, lifestyle factors, family history of diabetes, glycemic control, and medication use (P = 0.05). HDL was decreased with short and long sleep duration among normotensive (P = 0.02) but not hypertensive women. More frequent snoring was directly associated with triglycerides (P = 0.02) and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (0.03) and adiponectin (P = 0.03) in multivariate-adjusted analyses.The associations of sleep duration and snoring with lipid profile, hormone measures, and/or inflammatory markers may partially explain the previously reported relationship between sleep habits and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
Localization of Renin in Juxtaglomerular Cells of Rabbit and Dog Through the Use of the Fluorescent-Antibody Technique
Authors: ROBERT EDELMAN, PHYLLIS M. HARTROFT
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Canine antisera to rabbit and hog renin were coupled to several fluorescein dyes. The antiserum was immunologically adsorbed once each with rabbit-liver and with bone-marrow powder, thereby removing excess dye and eliminating nonspecific staining. Mounted frozen-dried sections of kidneys from sodium- deficient rabbits (in which hyperplasia and hypergranulation of juxtaglomerular [JG] cells were present), from control rabbits, from a sodium-deficient dog, and from sodium-deficient rats were treated with the adsorbed labeled antiserum. Ultraviolet microscopy (direct technique) revealed an intense yel low-green fluorescence sharply limited to the granules of the juxtagloinerular cells in all sections studied from kidneys of rabbit and dog. JG granules in rats did not fluoresce, an observation in accord with the species spe cificity of renin. The indirect ("sandwich") method was also employed (with adsorbed, labeled, rabbit antiserum to canine globulin), and although slight staining of gloinerular epithelium resulted, that in the JG granules was far more intense. In our hands, the faint glornerular staining was not blocked by prior treatment with unlabeled renin. Staining of JG granules in any kidney paralleled the intensity of JG granulation by light microscopy and the amount of extractable renin in the same kidney. JG-granule staining (direct and indirect techniques) was blocked by neutralization of the antirenin with renin. Heterogenous anti sera (to insulin; to human gamma globulin) failed to stain. Other rabbit tissues (heart, lung, liver) similarly treated with labeled antirenin never stained. If this work can be repeated with immunologically pure renin, the evidence presented here, together with previously published studies from this and other laboratories, will establish beyond any reasonable doubt that the source of renin in the kidney is the juxtaglomerular cell, as postulated first by Goormagh tigh nearly a quarter of a century ago.
Effect of smoking and dietary saturated fats on platelet functions in Scottish farmers
Authors: S RENAUD, E DUMONT, F BAUDIER, E ORTCHANIAN, I S SYMINGTON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Coagulation and platelet aggregation to thrombin and adrenaline, before and 10 min after smoking one high nicotine cigarette, were studied in 40 healthy male farmers (40 to 45 years) from the South-West and North-East of Scotland. These tests were conducted in association with detailed dietary studies. In the West group the intake of dairy fats, saturated fats and P/S ratio as well as most of the platelet function tests estimated were significantly higher than in the East group. Serum cholesterol (total and HDL) was similar in the two regions, while triglycerides were lower in the West. Smoking one cigarette considerably enhanced the platelet functions in both areas but the increases were more marked in the West group. The increase in the response of platelets to smoking was additive to that apparently induced by the intake of saturated fat in such a way the response of platelets to thrombin and epinephrine after smoking one cigarette in the West was approximately four times this obtained before smoking (or in a non-smoker) in the East. These additive effects of cigarette and saturated fat might be relevant to the reported higher incidence of coronary heart disease in the West of Scotland
Parameter-setting in second language acquisition – explanans and explanandum
Authors: Susanne E. Carroll
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Much second language acquisition (SLA) research confuses the representational and the developmental problems of language acquisition, assuming that attributes of a property theory will explain the transitions between the stages of a psychogrammar, or that induction will explain the properties of the representational systems which encode language. I argue that Principles and Parameter-setting theory deals only with the representational problem, and that induction must play a role in explaining the developmental problem. The conclusion is that both Epstein et al. and the papers they criticize are right; they are just not right about the same issues.