tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
译后评论：COX-2抑制剂“风波”后的思考
Authors: 董怡
Journal: BMJ (2005)

2005年4月7日美国食品药品管理局（VDA）发表声明要求生产非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）处方药和塞来昔布（西乐葆）的各厂家在其药品说明书上标明该药有胃肠和心血管不良反应的黑框警告，以警示用药的医师和服药者。同时有两个环氧化酶2（COX-2）抑制剂，即罗非昔布（万络）和伐地昔布（未在我国上市）因心血管事件的高风险而先后撤出市场。至此有关COX-2抑制剂、传统NSAIDs安全性的学术争论暂告一段落。
<i>Ginkgo</i>and<i>Welwitschia</i>Mitogenomes Reveal Extreme Contrasts in Gymnosperm Mitochondrial Evolution
Authors: Wenhu Guo, Felix Grewe, Weishu Fan, Gregory J. Young, Volker Knoop, Jeffrey D. Palmer, Jeffrey P. Mower
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of flowering plants are well known for their extreme diversity in size, structure, gene content, and rates of sequence evolution and recombination. In contrast, little is known about mitogenomic diversity and evolution within gymnosperms. Only a single complete genome sequence is available, from the cycad Cycas taitungensis, while limited information is available for the one draft sequence, from Norway spruce (Picea abies). To examine mitogenomic evolution in gymnosperms, we generated complete genome sequences for the ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba) and a gnetophyte (Welwitschia mirabilis). There is great disparity in size, sequence conservation, levels of shared DNA, and functional content among gymnosperm mitogenomes. The Cycas and Ginkgo mitogenomes are relatively small, have low substitution rates, and possess numerous genes, introns, and edit sites; we infer that these properties were present in the ancestral seed plant. By contrast, the Welwitschia mitogenome has an expanded size coupled with accelerated substitution rates and extensive loss of these functional features. The Picea genome has expanded further, to more than 4 Mb. With regard to structural evolution, the Cycas and Ginkgo mitogenomes share a remarkable amount of intergenic DNA, which may be related to the limited recombinational activity detected at repeats in Ginkgo. Conversely, the Welwitschia mitogenome shares almost no intergenic DNA with any other seed plant. By conducting the first measurements of rates of DNA turnover in seed plant mitogenomes, we discovered that turnover rates vary by orders of magnitude among species.
Multiplication of Viruses in Burkitt Lymphoma Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. Chung, M.D., Ph.D., B. I. MA, D.D.S., W. H. Murphy, Ph.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

A study was made of the capacity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and representative paramyxoviruses to multiply in Epstein-Barr (EB) “virus-rich” (P3J-EB+) and “virus-poor” (P3J-EB−) sublines of the P3J (Jijoye) strain of Burkitt lymphoma cells. Burkitt cells did not require pretreatment with phytohemagglutinin to support virus replication. VSV reached a titer of about 105.5 plaque-forming units/ml in both cell lines. About 95% of cells were destroyed. Mumps virus also multiplied in both cell lines (about 104.7 TCID50/ml) but was cytopathic (cells stained with trypan blue) to only about 50% of the cells. Parainfluenza viruses differed in their infectivity for the test cell lines. Parainfluenza virus, type 1, increased 16- to 32-fold, but was cytopathic to only about 20% of the cells. Parainfluenza virus, type 2, reached a titer of about 105.5 TCID50/ml in both cell lines. It also was cytopathic to only about 20% of the cells. In contrast, parainfluenza virus, type 3, attained a titer of 107.6 TCID50/ml in both cell lines and destroyed about 85% of the cells. Measles virus reached a titer of about 104 TCID50/ml in both cell lines and was cytopathic to about 80% of cells. Measles virus fused cells; large polykaryons formed within 9–48 hours after infection. There was no evidence for an increase in EB virus particles in cells fused by measles virus or superinfected with the other test viruses.
The Genital Mycoplasmas
Authors: David Taylor-Robinson, William M. McCormack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Role of Genital Mycoplasmas in Disorders of the Urinary TractUrinary CalculiFriedlander and Braude72 produced magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi in the bladders of male rats by inoculating ureaplasmas directly into the bladder or renal pelvis. Female rats treated in the same way were unaffected. The production of calculi is presumably related to the urease activity of the organisms, since it can be prevented by treating the animals with acetohydroxamic acid, which inhibits urease.73 Other workers51 have searched for such organisms in the urinary tract and renal tissue of patients who required surgery because of calculi in the ureter or . . .
Systemic Effect of Benign and Malignant Mammary Tumors on the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time of Water Protons in Mouse Serum2
Authors: Paula T. Bealt, Daniel Medina, Donald C. Chang, Patricia K. Seitz, Carlton F. Hazlewood
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) for water protons in sera was significantly (P<O.001) elevated above that for normal sera in mice bearing benign ductal papilloma and malignant mammary carcinoma. Serum T, values did not differ significantly in mice with ductal hyperplasia or preneoplastic alveolar nodules. Elevated serum T1's could not be explained on the basis of serum iron levels or serum protein concentrations. This was the first report of a “systemic effect” of serum T, elevation by a benign tumor.
Volumetric analysis of advanced thymic malignancies.
Authors: J. Force, A. Rajan, E. Dombi, S. M. Steinberg, G. Giaccone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

7096 Background: Measurement of tumor response is challenging in thymic malignancies especially when the pleura is involved as it often is in stage IV disease. In this study we aimed to determine the effectiveness of tumor volume measurements for evaluating response in patients with thymic malignancies treated on a phase II study of belinostat. Methods: We evaluated 25 patients' tumor responses of the target lesions using computed tomography (CT) based standard Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST), World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, modified RECIST criteria, and volumetric methods. Volumetric criteria defined PR and PD as > 50% decrease and > 15% increase in target lesions respectively. Tumor volume was measured using MEDx software, which calculates tumor volume by detecting pixels above -500 Hounsfield units from all CT slices containing manually outlined tumor lesions. At the time of this analysis 3 patients are still on study. Results: Agreement analyses in 25 patients at the time of best response determined by RECIST criteria were compared using volumetric measurements against RECIST, modified RECIST, and WHO measurements revealing 60% (p = 0.0009), 45% (p = 0.002), and 56% (p = 0.048) non-agreement respectively. Volumetric measurements of 22 patients at the time of overall progression (target lesions, non-target lesions, and clinical progression) were compared to RECIST, modified RECIST, and WHO criteria and demonstrated 45% (p = 0.002), 35% (p = 0.016), and 45% (p = 0.109) nonagreement respectively. Volumetric criteria classified nearly all patients as having more progressive disease than other methods. Conclusions: Our study shows that there are statistical differences in the assessment of response in patients with thymic malignancies if volumetric measurements were utilized and this method seemed to correlate more closely with clinical outcome. Given the potential clinical impact of volumetric measurement on management, the relative quick ability to measure tumor volumes, and the non-spherical tumor growth patterns observed in thymic cancers we recommend further investigation into the utilization of CT based volumetric methods when evaluating response in patients with thymic malignancies receiving systemic therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Mutational Screening Of CSF3R, ASXL1, SETBP1, and SRSF2 In Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia (CNL), Atypical CML and CMML Cases
Authors: Manja Meggendorfer, Tamara Alpermann, Torsten Haferlach, Carina Schrauder, Rabea Konietschke, Claudia Haferlach, Wolfgang Kern, Susanne Schnittger
Journal: Blood (2013)
A Statement on Ethics From the HEART Group
Authors: Hugo Ector, Patrizio Lancellotti, William C Roberts, Nanette K Wenger, Arthur J Moss, Eldon R Smith, Jeffrey S Borer, Kim A Eagle, Jane Freedman, Henry Krum, Chim Lang, Willem J Remme, Hans Michael Piper, Christopher J White, Joseph Loscalzo, Eduardo Marbán, Burton E Sobel, Robert Roberts, Shahbudin H Rahimtoola, A John Camm, Frans Van de Werf, Karl Swedberg, Adam D Timmis, Kathleen S Stone, Douglas P Zipes, David G Iosselani, Allen J Taylor, Michael R Rosen, Cindy L Grines, Anthony N DeMaria, Jagat Narula, Spencer B King, Galen S Wagner, Sanjeev Saksena, Alan S Pearlman, Endre Bodnar, Robert W Emery, Lawrence H Cohn, Ernst E van der Wall, Ra-id Abdulla, Michael Lesch, Fernando Alfonso, Rolf Ekroth
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
An Experimental Study of Virus Leukemia in Cats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Lindsay J. Mackey, W. F. H. Jarrett, O. Jarrett, Helen M. Laird
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

After 3½ years, of 37 cats inoculated neonatally with feline leukemia virus (FeLV), 13 developed hematopoietic neoplasms, 13 died from other causes, and 11 are still alive. The cumulative frequency shows a true tumor occurrence to date of 50%. The virus, obtained from a cat with alimentary lymphosarcoma, induced a wide variety of hematopoietic neoplasms including both lymphoid and myeloid types. The latent period apparently varied in different clinical forms: Alimentary and multicentric lymphosarcomas occurred only in cats up to 16 months of age, whereas thymic lymphosarcoma and myeloid leukemia occurred only in cats over 2 years old. Lymphoid leukemia had a latency from 1–33 months. Some infected kittens developed thymic atrophy and lymphoid depletion: When neoplasms developed in these animals, they took fhe form of either alimentary lymphosarcoma or lymphoid leukemia. As shown by electron microscopy, virtually all cats became infected after neonatal inoculation with FeLV and could remain infected until adult age without developing neoplasms. All cats with tumors remained infected regardless of age. The pathogenetic implications of these results are discussed.
Natural history of paclitaxel-associated acute pain syndrome (P-APS): NCCTG trial N08C1.
Authors: B. Reeves, S. R. Dakhil, J. A. Sloan, A. Kamal, S. L. Wolf, K. N. Burger, N. LeLindqwister, G. S. Soori, A. J. Jaslowski, C. L. Loprinzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

9135 Background: Paclitaxel is well known to cause an acute pain syndrome that has, in the past, been referred to as arthralgias and myalgias. It has been hypothesized that this pain might actually be neurologic in origin (Loprinzi et al; Cancer J 2007; 13:399-403). Little detail is available with regards to the incidence and severity of this P-APS in patients receiving weekly paclitaxel treatment. Methods: Adult patients receiving 70-90 mg/m2 of weekly paclitaxel, without another concomitant neurotoxic agent, were selected for this study. Patients completed questionnaires at baseline and then for 7 days following each dose of paclitaxel. They were asked to judge, on each day, average, and worst pain (graded on a scale of 0 to 10 with 10 being worst) that was new to them and which they thought was related to the chemotherapy treatment they had received. Patients were also asked whether they took nonprescription or opioid medications for this paclitaxel related pain. They also completed questionnaires to collect neuropathy data at the beginning of each weekly cycle of therapy and monthly after chemotherapy completion. The primary endpoint was the maximum of the worst pain scores over 7 days after the first chemotherapy dose. Similar descriptive statistics were utilized for the various secondary endpoints. Results: 94 such patients were entered on this clinical trial, 90 of which provided the pain and analgesic use data in the Table. Data regarding subsequent cycles of therapy and any relationship between the degree of P-APS and the occurrence of longer term neuropathy will be presented at the Meeting. Conclusions: While apparently less problematic than after higher dose paclitaxel therapy given every 2-3 weeks, weekly paclitaxel is associated with acute pain that peaks on the third or fourth day and requires analgesic use in a substantial minority of patients. Day 2 3 4 5 6 7 2-7 Worst pain 0 78% 49% 47% 51% 60% 65% 28% 1- 4 19% 44% 42% 41% 34% 29% 52% (0-10 scale) 5- 6 2% 2% 6% 3% 3% 3% 12% 7- 10 1% 4% 6% 4% 2% 2% 8% Analgesics (% of pts) Nonopioid 14% 24% 24% 17% 16% 10% 41% Opioid 4% 5% 8% 7% 7% 6% 13% No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cannabinoid receptor 2 augments eosinophil responsiveness and aggravates allergen‐induced pulmonary inflammation in mice
Authors: R. B. Frei, P. Luschnig, G. P. Parzmair, M. Peinhaupt, S. Schranz, A. Fauland, C. E. Wheelock, A. Heinemann, E. M. Sturm
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Accumulation of activated eosinophils in tissue is a hallmark of allergic inflammation. The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) has been proposed to elicit eosinophil migration in a CB2 receptor/Gi/o -dependent manner. However, it has been claimed recently that this process may also involve other mechanisms such as cytokine priming and the metabolism of 2-AG into eicosanoids. Here, we explored the direct contribution of specific CB2 receptor activation to human and mouse eosinophil effector function in vitro and in vivo.In vitro studies including CB2 expression, adhesion and migratory responsiveness, respiratory burst, degranulation, and calcium mobilization were conducted in human peripheral blood eosinophils and mouse bone marrow-derived eosinophils. Allergic airway inflammation was assessed in mouse models of acute OVA-induced asthma and directed eosinophil migration.CB2 expression was significantly higher in eosinophils from symptomatic allergic donors. The selective CB2 receptor agonist JWH-133 induced a moderate migratory response in eosinophils. However, short-term exposure to JWH-133 potently enhanced chemoattractant-induced eosinophil shape change, chemotaxis, CD11b surface expression, and adhesion as well as production of reactive oxygen species. Receptor specificity of the observed effects was confirmed in eosinophils from CB2 knockout mice and by using the selective CB2 antagonist SR144528. Of note, systemic application of JWH-133 clearly primed eosinophil-directed migration in vivo and aggravated both AHR and eosinophil influx into the airways in a CB2 -specific manner. This effect was completely absent in eosinophil-deficient ∆dblGATA mice.Our data indicate that CB2 may directly contribute to the pathogenesis of eosinophil-driven diseases. Moreover, we provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the CB2 -mediated priming of eosinophils. Hence, antagonism of CB2 receptors may represent a novel pharmacological approach for the treatment of allergic inflammation and other eosinophilic disorders.
&lt;italic&gt;Brief Communication:&lt;/italic&gt; Differences Between Soluble Complement-Fixing Antigens Derived From P3HR-1, RAJI, and Hk-Ly-28 Cell Lines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: N Weliky, D H Leaman, B J Kallman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Soluble complement-fixing (CF) antigens of the virus-producing and virus-nonproducing P3HR-1 and RAJI Burkitt lymphoma cell lines and Hk-Ly-28 nasopharyngeal cancer cell line, identified by use of viral capsid antigen-positive human sera, could readily be distinguished by differences in their stability to chemical and physical conditions. The P3HR-1 soluble CF antigen lost titer when heated or exposed to acid perchlorate under conditions in which RAJI and Hk-Ly-28 soluble antigens were stable. Differences in solubility were also found. These results contribute not only to the interpretation of the relationship of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated components of RAJI to P3HR-1 and Hk-Ly-28 cell lysates but also to the selection of conditions for the development of identification tests and purification procedures for CF antigens and antibodies of Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, and other EBV-associated tumors.
Effect of Dietary Wheat Bran and Dehydrated Citrus Fiber on Azoxymethane-Induced Intestinal Carcinogenesis in Fischer 344 Rats<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref>
Authors: B S Reddy, H Mori, M Nicolais
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The effect of dietary wheat bran and dehydrated citrus fiber on carcinogenesis of the colon and small intestine was studied in male F344 rats. Weanling rats were fed semi-purified diets containing 5% fat and 15% wheat bran or citrus fiber. At 7 weeks of age, all animals, except vehicle-treated controls, received weekly sc injections of 8 mg azoxymethane (AOM)/kg body weight for 10 weeks. The AOM- or vehicle-treated groups were autopsied 20 weeks after the last injection of AOM. The animals fed the wheat bran or citrus fiber diet and treated with AOM had a lower incidence (number of animals with tumors) and multiplicity (number of tumors/tumor-bearing animal) of colon tumors and tumors of the small intestine than did those fed the control diet and treated with AOM. Animals fed the diet containing wheat bran developed fewer adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the colon than did the rats fed the control diet; the number of adenomas but not the number of adenocarcinomas was reduced in rats fed the citrus pulp diet. This study thus indicates that diets containing wheat bran and citrus fiber reduced the risk of intestinal cancer.
Comparison of prognostic significant number of examined lymph node between stage I and II in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: H.-S. Oh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3682 Backgroud: Lymph node metastases is main prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer. Pathologic assessment of lymph nodes surgical specimens is often suboptimal, and examination of greater number of lymph nodes would increase the likelihood of proper staging. The number of lymph nodes may reflect surgical technique and thoroughness of pathologic dissection. Because stage group III is subdivided into IIIA and IIIB in a new TNM stage and overall survival is significant different, more accurate staging in stage II patients would be necessary. The purpose of this study was to comparison of prognostic significant number of examined lymph node between stage I and II in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: We analyzed 158 consecutive patients with stage I and II colorectal cancer at Hanyang University Hospital between 1991 and 1998. Various clinicopathologic features, including number of lymph nodes and overall survival were compared between stage I and II. Results: The mean number of lymph nodes examined was 27.99 (range 5–66) in stage II and 19.55 (range 1–54) in stage I. More than 26 nodes examined had an affect on survival in stage II. Mean survival was 135 ± 13 months for patients with more than 26 lymph nodes examined as contrasted with 106 ± 16 months (p=.0043). More than 10 nodes examined had improved survival compared to their counterparts in stage I. Mean survival was 150 ± 16 months for patients with more than 10 lymph nodes as contrasted with 119 ± 26 months (p=.0343). Conclusions: We found that patients classified as stage II colorectal cancer with more than 26 lymph nodes examined and stage I colorectal cancer with more than 10 lymph nodes examined may be considered as more accurately staged and have better prognosis than those with lower number of lymph nodes examined. Our result suggests that larger number of lymph node should be examined in stage II for more accurate stage and better outcome. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Modalities of prescription of aromatase inhibitors (AI) in adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with HR+ breast cancer: Analysis of daily practices in France
Authors: T. Delozier, E. Antoine, D. Franck, M. Namer, M. Spielman, T. Petit, J. Guastalla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e11619 Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are widely used as adjuvant therapy for HR+ breast cancer. This survey is an overview of clinical daily practices in France Methods: Multicentric survey conducted in October 2008 by Internet among a sample of 293 physicians specialized in breast cancer management (oncologists, radiotherapists, surgeons) prescribing adjuvant AIs in post-menopausal patients with HR+ breast cancer Results: When started upfront, 87% of physicians expressed that the optimal duration of AIs treatment is 5 years, and 7 % more than 5 years. Nevertheless only, 33% of physicians inform their patients of a total duration of AIs therapy of 5 years, and 66% of a possible adjustment according to the evolution of the scientific knowledge during the five years. AIs are prescribed after the end of chemotherapy by 97% of physicians, after the end of radiotherapy by 83%, and during radiotherapy by 15%. When started after two years of tamoxifen, 71 % of physicians expressed that the optimal duration of AIs treatment is 3 years, 22% 5 years, and 3% more than five years. When started after five years of tamoxifen, 48% of physicians expressed that the optimal duration of AIs treatment is less than three years, 15% 3 years, 15% 5 years, and 2% more than five years. The optimal duration of treatment with aromatase inhibitors is still subject to question for 73% of the physicians interviewed Conclusions: In France, most physicians declared an optimal duration of treatment with aromatase inhibitors in adjuvant setting in HR+ breast cancer in line with guidelines and/or approved indications. However, the optimal duration of treatment is still subject to question for many physicians No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Anorexia and Cachexia in Renal Failure—Is Leptin the Culprit?
Authors: Cheung W, Yu PX, Little BM, Cone RD, Marks DL, Mak RH
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

It has been known for decades that renal failure, and particularly end-stage renal disease, is a catabolic state often associated with anorexia and wasting ([1][1]). The problem of identifying the substance(s) responsible for anorexia, wasting, and cachexia of uremic patients with and without
Light Therapy Improves Nonseasonal Major Depression
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2016)

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