tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of screening on stage of disease and tumor characteristics in patients with operable colorectal cancer.
Authors: M. J. Proctor, E. Chrighton, C. H. Richards, D. C. Mcmillan, P. G. Horgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

3540 Background: Early diagnosis of bowel cancer is vital to improve outcomes. Over 90% of patients diagnosed with stage I disease survive 5-years from diagnosis compared to only 6.6% of those diagnosed with stage IV disease. This study aims to assess the impact of colorectal screening on tumor stage in patients with operable colorectal cancer. Methods: Between April 2009 and the present day patients between the age of 50 and 74, and registered with NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (UK), were invited to take part in the colorectal screening program. Patients with a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBt) where appropriate, were offered a colonoscopy. All patients found to have a colorectal malignancy were staged radiologically and offered resection where appropriate. Tumor characteristics were classified by TNM stage, AJCC stage, tumor differentiation and the presence of vascular invasion. The screening cohort were compared with a similar non-screen detected colorectal cancers cohort from the same geographical area. Results: 311,305 patients were sent FOBt testing kits. 156,286 (%) patients returned their kits and of this group 4,262 were positive and required further investigation. 2,514 underwent colonoscopy, 171 colorectal malignancies were discovered and 147 underwent operative intervention with curative intent. 669 patients with non-screen detected colorectal cancers were included for the purpose of comparison. The present screen detected (SD) cohort, when compared to the non-screen detected (NSD) cancers, showed a migration towards an earlier stage of presentation: stage I (SD 50%, NSD 14%); stage 2 (SD 25%, NSD 46%); stage 3 (SD 25%, NSD 40%). The SD cohort were more likely to have smaller tumors (T1) (SD 39%, NSD 5%), more node-negative disease (SD 63%, NSD 60%), less poorly differentiated tumors (SD 6%, 10% NSD) and less vascular invasion (SD 38%, NSD 42%). Conclusions: The colorectal screening program increases the proportion of early stage, in particular stage I, colorectal cancers at of operation. It also decreases the incidence of tumors having poor pathological features. These findings are likely to result in improved survival from colorectal cancer in the colorectal screening cohort.
Development Of a New Regimen Function For Cancer Chemotherapy With a Computerized Physician Order Entry System Aimed At Reducing The Burden On Doctors In Japan
Authors: Tsunehiko Komatsu, Yuko Nishide Kimura, Yuji Takaba, Kensuke Okubo, Tomotaka Ishii, Koichiro Yuji, Masahiko Nakagawa
Journal: Blood (2013)
High-risk training: the courage to teach
Authors: Joel Ward, Dilraj Singh Kalsi, Shaneel Patel, Ashok Handa
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2015)

We read with interest John Pepper and Aman Coonar’s article that outlined the effect that publically available statistics based upon 30-day mortality is having on surgical practice. We agree that we must all strive to reduce poor outcomes from surgical procedures and that mortality statistics are important, albeit crude metrics, to inform practice review. Indeed, in the Oxford Vascular Unit we have a monthly review of all mortalities in a constructive environment in order to allow non-judgemental, open analysis of cases and lessons learnt: patient outcomes are of the highest priority. However, we are concerned about the impact of having surgeons held personally accountable for their statistics affecting surgical training. It is widely acknowledged that trainees need ever-increasing autonomy in order to allow them to develop their clinical and surgical skills. There is already substantial concern that current trainees may not receive enough experience during specialist training due to the European Working Time Directive and implementation of the Calman Report recommendations. If surgeons are primarily concerned with improving their statistics, they may be disincentivised to encourage or even allow trainees to be primary operators or be involved in decision-making outside of theatre. These opportunities are critical for surgical training and are likely to lead to a deterioration in future patient care. Therefore, we propose that the level of trainee involvement in cases as well as outcome is reported: whether that be 30-day mortality or a more diverse set of statistics. It is imperative that we continue to improve the standard of training for future surgeons, irrespective of how we try to regulate current surgical practice.
Cellular Microcytotoxicity in Human Tumor Systems: Analysis of Results2
Authors: Robert K. Oldham, Julie Y. Djeu, Grace B. Cannon, David Siwarski, Ronald B. Herberman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Using the tritiated-proline microcytotoxicity assay with cultured target cells, we tested a large series of melanoma, breast cancer, and bladder cancer patients for the presence of cell-mediated immunity. Specific, disease-related activity was infrequently observed, since the patients' lymphocytes exhibited selective activity against both disease-related and non-disease-related target cells. Most normal controls also demonstrated selective activity against these target cells. Neither the length of time the target cells had been cultured in vitro nor technical aspects of the assay, including the lymphocyte preparation methods, seemed to account for our results. We concluded that the experimental design of these tests may be the critical factor responsible for many of the disparate results being observed in different laboratories.
Enseignement encadré versus libre des critères en endomicroscopie confocale par minisonde (pCLE) pour l’endobrachyoesophage
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Les évolutions technologiques en endoscopie digestive nous permettent d’analyser la muqueuse digestive à l’échelle subcellulaire grâce à l’utilisation de l’endomicroscopie confocale par minisonde ou pCLE (Cellvizio, Mauna Kea Technologies, Paris, France). Dans le cadre de l’endobrachyoesophage (EBO), cette technique permet de diagnostiquer la métaplasie intestinale et de dépister la dysplasie et/ou le cancer. Cependant, les images obtenues constituent pour l’endoscopiste une nouvelle sémiologie endomicroscopique dont l’enseignement doit être défini et organisé.
Efficacy and safety of <i>D. pteronyssinus</i> immunotherapy in local allergic rhinitis: a double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: C. Rondón, P. Campo, M. Salas, A. Aranda, A. Molina, M. González, L. Galindo, C. Mayorga, M. J. Torres, M. Blanca
Journal: Allergy (2016)

The effects of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on local allergic rhinitis (LAR) are largely unknown. We conducted the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC), phase II trial of D. pteronyssinus (DP) subcutaneous AIT (DP-AIT) on LAR (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02123316). Thirty-six LAR patients received Pangramin PLUS DP or placebo for 24 months. The primary endpoints were symptoms, medication scores, and medication-free days. The secondary included skin test, serum specific IgE and IgG4, nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT), and adverse events. AIT-DP produced significant improvements in both primary and secondary endpoints vs placebo. After 12 months of AIT-DP, we detected a significant and marked increase in allergen tolerance with negative NAPT in 50% of patients, and significant increases of serum sIgG4. Immunotherapy was well tolerated; no systemic reactions were reported. This study demonstrated that AIT-DP is a safe and clinically effective treatment for LAR, confirming that LAR is a new indication for AIT.
An Inverse Relationship Between Age of Type 2 Diabetes Onset and Complication Risk and Mortality: The Impact of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Abdulghani H. Al-Saeed, Maria I. Constantino, Lynda Molyneaux, Mario D’Souza, Franziska Limacher-Gisler, Connie Luo, Ted Wu, Stephen M. Twigg, Dennis K. Yue, Jencia Wong
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

OBJECTIVEThis study compared the prevalence of complications in 354 patients with T2DM diagnosed between 15 and 30 years of age (T2DM15–30) with that in a duration-matched cohort of 1,062 patients diagnosed between 40 and 50 years (T2DM40–50). It also examined standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) according to diabetes age of onset in 15,238 patients covering a wider age-of-onset range.
Subdural Collection as Initial Presentation of Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Naif M. Alotaibi, George M. Ibrahim, Hamza Jalal, Bayardo Perez-Ordonez, Mojgan Hodaie, Suneil K. Kalia
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Prenatal maternal distress affects atopic dermatitis in offspring mediated by oxidative stress
Authors: Hyoung Yoon Chang, Dong In Suh, Song-I. Yang, Mi-Jin Kang, So-Yeon Lee, Eun Lee, In Ae Choi, Kyung-Sook Lee, Yee-Jin Shin, Youn Ho Shin, Yoon Hee Kim, Kyung Won Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Hye-Sung Won, Suk-Joo Choi, Soo-Young Oh, Ja-Young Kwon, Young Han Kim, Hee Jin Park, Kyung-Ju Lee, Jong Kwan Jun, Ho-Sung Yu, Seung-Hwa Lee, Bok Kyoung Jung, Ji-Won Kwon, Yoon Kyung Choi, Namhee Do, Yun Jin Bae, Ho Kim, Woo-Sung Chang, Eun-Jin Kim, Jeom Kyu Lee, Soo-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in a Mexican-American Population&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A V Buchanan, K M Weiss, D E Anderson, R Chakraborty, N L MacNaughton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

This is a historical cohort study of breast cancer mortality in the Mexican-American community of Laredo, Texas. Included in this study were virtually all breast cancer deaths recorded in Laredo since 1875; controls matched to cases by age and birth year were drawn from the total population. Fertility history and family history of disease for cases and controls were retrieved from the genealogical data base reconstructed by our group from church and civil records for the whole city of Laredo. The findings of this study show an association between breast cancer risk and age at first birth. This study confirms familial risk to be a factor in breast cancer risk. Unlike postmenopausal breast cancer mortality in the total U.S. population, which has increased only slightly in the last 30-40 years, postmenopausal breast cancer death rates in Laredo have almost tripled since the 1940's.
Factor Suppressing Alphal Fetoprotein Production
Authors: George J. Svet-Moldavsky, Bella G. Tumyan, Natalia V. Karmanova, Natalia I. Belianchikova
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

The injection of sera of adult mice or of a 20% extract of small and large intestine, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, and lungs of adult mice suppressed the alpha1 fetoprotein production in syngeneic newborn recipients. Extracts of the striated muscles of adult mice had a meager inhibitory effect. Extracts of mouse embryonic intestine and those of the while embryo without the gastrointestinal tract had almost negligible amounts of suppressing factor. The possible role of humoral factors regulating the synthesis of embryonic antigens for the control of tumor growth was discussed author...
Use of palonosetron 0.25 mg IV daily and incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT)
Authors: N. G. Adel, A. Khan, C. Lucarelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

16510 Background: Preparative regimens for BMT are associated with a high incidence of nausea and vomiting, which can negatively affect quality of life. It is important to evaluate the incidence of nausea and vomiting and understand which antiemetic regimens are most effective in these patients in order to improve outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of patients admitted to the adult BMT Unit at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1/1/05 and 12/31/05 was performed. Currently at MSKCC, palonosetron (0.25 mg IV daily) is used as the main antiemetic agent during the preparative regimen; dexamethasone 20 mg IV is occasionally combined with palonosetron when there is no other contraindication to its use with some preparative regimens. The electronic medical records, as well as the pharmacy computer system, were used to collect demographics, primary diagnosis, BMT type, preparative BMT regimen, days of regimen, whether radiation was included, antiemetic used, and incidence of nausea and vomiting, which were assessed 3 times daily during the administration of the preparative regimen. Results: 176 pts (75 women, 101 men) received BMT; mean age was 50 yrs (18–73). All patients received a highly emetogenic preparative regimen for which the mean duration was 5 days (1–9 days). Over a 1–12 day period the incidence of nausea and vomiting were 78% and 39% in those undergoing an allogeneic transplant compared with 51% and 18% in those undergoing an autologous transplant. Patients with leukemia had the highest incidence of nausea (85%) and vomiting (45%). The rates of nausea and vomiting in those receiving radiation were 81% and 33%, while in those not receiving radiation, the rates of nausea and vomiting were 51% and 20%, respectively. Of patients receiving palonosetron alone, 87% experienced nausea and 41% had vomiting, compared to 48% and 15% for those receiving both palonosetron and dexamethasone. Conclusions: Radiation therapy and allogeneic transplant had higher incidences of nausea and vomiting when compared to autologous transplant. Nausea and vomiting were better controlled in patients receiving palonosetron and dexamethasone compared with those receiving palonosetron alone. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
ATPS-18PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON SOCIAL ACTIVITIES OF CO-CULTURED GLIOMA STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS AND MACROPHAGES IN VITRO: CELL CONJUNCTION, CELL FUSION, AND ENTOSIS
Authors: Jun Dong, Qiang Huang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: The roles of real-time monitoring of cytokine secretion at the single immunocyte level, using the concept of immune cells sociology have been reported recently.However, the relationships between glioma stem/progenitors cells (GSPCs) and host immune cells and their interactions in tumor micro-environment have not been fully elucidated.METHODS: The dual fluorescence tracing technique were applied to label the co-cultured GSPCs and host macrophages, and the interactions between the two kinds of cells were observed under live cell imaging system.The yellow cells in the co-culture system were monocloned, and proliferated in vitro and then their social activities were observed and recorded too.RESULTS: Via real-time dynamic observation of the target cells, 1. there were 6 types of intercellular conjunction microtubes between GSPCs and macrophages functioned as transferring intercellular information; 2. GSPCs and host macrophages can fuse into hybrid cell after several rounds of mutual interactions, and one fusion cell could fuse with another fusion cell again; 3. Fusion cell could generate offspring cells through symmetrical division/asymmetrical division, or to undergo apoptosis; 4. One fusion cell in another fusion cell can be found, which can result in releasing out another cell, namely entosis.CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary studies revealed the patterns of cell conjunction between GSPCs and host macrophages, and the processes of cell fusion, division and entosis.These were cell sociological evidences of malignant transformation of host macrophages induced by GSPCs, which offered the basic knowledge exploring the complex tumor-immune cells relationships among the residents in the tumor cell society.
Inhibition of Human Leukocyte Migration in Agar by 3-&lt;sc&gt;m&lt;/sc&gt; Potassium Chloride Extracts of Stomach, Colon, and Lung Cancers
Authors: J Iwaki, M Akagi, T Sairenji, Y Hinuma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Inhibition of leukocyte migration in agarose-agar was used as a probe for tumor-associated antigen in 3-m KCI solubilized extracts of gastric, colon, and lung cancers from humans. Twelve of 40 (30%) leukocyte preparation. from gastric cancer patients, 10 of 21 (48%) from colon cancer patients, and 7 of 14 (50%) from lung cancer patient. were inhibited by their respective histologically homologous cancer extract. However, among 75 preparations from various cancer patients, leukocyte. from only 2 gastric cancer patients were inhibited by paired normal gastric tissue extracts. Only 2 of 68 preparations from normal individuals and none of 67 preparations from patients with nonmalignant diseases, such as gastric peptic ulcer, gastritis, colon polyposis, colitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, and sarcoidosis, were inhibited by cancer extracts. These findings suggest the presence in KCI extracts of gastric cancer of presumed tumor-associated antigen(s) that is antigenically distinct from that of either colon or lung cancer.
Clinical activity and biomarkers of MEDI4736, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, in patients with NSCLC.
Authors: Julie R. Brahmer, Naiyer A. Rizvi, Jose Lutzky, Samir Khleif, Andy Blake-Haskins, Xia Li, Paul B. Robbins, Jim Vasselli, Ramy A. Ibrahim, Scott Joseph Antonia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

8021^ Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. PD-L1 is upregulated in NSCLC and may be associated with a poor prognosis. MEDI4736 is a human IgG1 antibody which binds specifically to PD-L1 preventing binding to PD-1 and CD80. Methods: An ongoing phase 1, multicenter, open-label study (NCT01693562) is evaluating the safety and efficacy of MEDI4736 administered IV every 2 wks (q2w) or every 3 wks (q3w) using a 3+3 dose escalation followed by expansion cohorts. NSCLC pts were assigned to expansion cohorts by histology and line of therapy (including treatment- naïve pts). Retreatment was permitted for progression after 12 mos of therapy. Response is assessed by immune-related response criteria (irRC) in escalation and RECIST v1.1 in expansion. Results: As of Jan 17, 2014, 13 NSCLC pts in dose escalation (median age 65 yrs; 40-76), all PS 0-1, with a median of 4 prior treatments, received a median of 7 doses (1-25) of MEDI4736 across 6 cohorts (0.1 – 10 mg/kg q2w; 15 mg/kg q3w). Treatment-related AEs occurred in 43% of pts, all of which were Grade 1-2; none led to discontinuation of study drug. No pneumonitis or colitis was reported in dose escalation. Of 13 pts, 3 PRs were observed, with 2 additional pts achieving tumor shrinkage not meeting PR per irRC (46% and 48% decreases). Tumor shrinkage was reported as early as first assessment (6 wks) and benefit was durable; 4/13 pts remain on study (10+, 10+, 11.1+, 14.9+ mos) as of the data cutoff. Expansion cohorts opened Sep 2013; 43 pts (including treatment-naïve pts) have been dosed, with the opportunity to enroll > 300 NSCLC pts in total. Preliminary clinical activity has been observed with acceptable safety, no ≥ grade 3 pneumonitis, and no apparent differences in toxicity between treatment-naïve vs pretreated pts. Assessment of clinical activity by PD-L1 expression, underlying mutation, smoking history, and line of therapy patient-reported outcomes is ongoing. Conclusions: The preliminary safety and durable clinical efficacy profile of MEDI4736 in NSCLC supports continued clinical development; AEs are manageable, even in highly pretreated pts. Recruitment continues and development of MEDI4736 in NSCLC as monotherapy and in combination is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01693562.
<i>Rewire</i>your life: sustaining behavioural change by habit tracking (Mobile App User Guide)
Authors: Johann Windt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Rewire.

Goal setting/productivity.

Requires Android 4.0 and up.

Free for the standard application, with an optional Pro Upgrade (US$4.99).

Rewire is a simple, free and user friendly goal tracking application.

In the standard application, users can create up to five habits that they want to complete on a regular basis. When a habit/goal is created, they can also select which days of the week they want to perform that behaviour. Once a goal has been created, users can track their success or failure to meet that it on a daily basis, simply selecting ‘done’, ‘fail’, or ‘skip’ each day (figure 1). Rewire then provides users with a graphical representation of adherence over time, motivating users to …
A study for establishment of individualized chemotherapy for colorectal cancer based on the individual 50% inhibitory area under the concentration curve (AUC<sub>IR50</sub>) using the collagen gel droplet embedded culture-drug sensitivity test (CD- DST)
Authors: T. Ochiai, K. Nishimura, T. Watanabe, M. Kitajima, N. Konishi, G. Sato, S. Futagawa, I. Nagaoka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14553 Background: The drug sensitivity of tumor cells is one of the key issues to explore in individualized 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer patients. We reported that growth inhibition rate (IR) and area under the concentration curve (AUC) approximated to a logarithmic curve using the collagen gel droplet embedded culture-drug sensitivity test (CD-DST) in ASCO 2003 (#1283). We also reported that the individual 50% inhibitory area under the concentration curve (AUC IR50 ) could be obtained using the individual AUC-IR curve in ASCO 2006 (#13560). The aim of this study was to evaluate the achievement of the individual AUC IR50 in 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy for the establishment of individualized chemotherapy. Methods: Surgical specimen was obtained from resectable 33 CRC patients without any preoperative chemotherapy during 2001 to 2005. 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in all patients. CD-DST was performed under 6–9 different conditions. The individual AUC IR50 was obtained from the individual AUC-IR curve. The patients were divided into 2 groups, the achieved group and the non-achieved group. In the achieved group, total administered AUC was more than the individual AUC IR50 and in non-achieved group, the total administered AUC was less than the individual AUC IR50 . Recurrence rates were evaluated from the 2 groups. Results: In all patients, the recurrence rates were 6.7% (1/15) in the achieved group and 27.8% (5/18) in the non-achieved group. In the colon cancer patients, the recurrence rates were 8.3% (1/12) in the achieved group and 10.0% (1/10) in the non-achieved group. In the rectal cancer patients, the recurrence rates were 0% (0/3) in the achieved group and 50.0% (4/8) in the non-achieved group. Conclusions: The recurrence rate of the achieved group was lower than that of the non-achieved group. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the achievement of the individual AUC IR50 could be a prerequisite of individualized 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.