tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammation switches the differentiation program of Ly6Chi monocytes from antiinflammatory macrophages to inflammatory dendritic cells in the colon
Authors: Aymeric Rivollier, Jianping He, Abhisake Kole, Vassilis Valatas, Brian L. Kelsall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MPs) are important for immunological homeostasis in the colon. We found that F4/80(hi)CX3CR1(hi) (CD11b(+)CD103(-)) cells account for 80% of mouse colonic lamina propria MHC-II(hi) cells. Both CD11c(+) and CD11c(-) cells within this population were identified as MPs based on multiple criteria, including an MP transcriptome revealed by microarray analysis. These MPs constitutively released high levels of IL-10 at least partially in response to the microbiota via an MyD88-independent mechanism. In contrast, cells expressing low to intermediate levels of F4/80 and CX3CR1 were identified as DCs based on phenotypic and functional analysis and comprise three separate CD11c(hi) cell populations: CD103(+)CX3CR1(-)CD11b(-) DCs, CD103(+)CX3CR1(-)CD11b(+) DCs, and CD103(-)CX3CR1(int)CD11b(+) DCs. In noninflammatory conditions, Ly6C(hi) monocytes (MOs) differentiated primarily into CD11c(+) but not CD11c(-) MPs. In contrast, during colitis, Ly6C(hi) MOs massively invaded the colon and differentiated into proinflammatory CD103(-)CX3CR1(int)CD11b(+) DCs, which produced high levels of IL-12, IL-23, iNOS, and TNF. These findings demonstrate the dual capacity of Ly6C(hi) blood MOs to differentiate into either regulatory MPs or inflammatory DCs in the colon and that the balance of these immunologically antagonistic cell types is dictated by microenvironmental conditions.
Hemodialysis leukopenia. Pulmonary vascular leukostasis resulting from complement activation by dialyzer cellophane membranes.
Authors: P R Craddock, J Fehr, A P Dalmasso, K L Brighan, H S Jacob
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Acute leukopenia occurs in all patients during the first hour of hemodialysis with cellophanemembrane equipment. This transient cytopenia specifically involves granulocytes and monocytes, cells which share plasma membrane reactivity towards activated complement components. The present studies document that complement is activated during exposure of plasma to dialyzer cellophane, and that upon reinfusion of this plasma into the venous circulation, granulocyte and monocyte entrapment in the pulmonary vasculature is induced. During early dialysis, conversion of both C3 and factor B can be demonstrated in plasma as it leaves the dialyzer. Moreover, simple incubation of human plasma with dialyzer cellophane causes conversion of C3 and factor B, accompanied by depletion of total hemolytic complement and C3 but sparing of hemolytic C1. Reinfusion of autologous, cellophane-incubated plasma into rabbits produces selective granulocytopenia and monocytopenia identical to that seen in dialyzed patients. Lungs from such animals reveal striking pulmonary vessel engorgement with granulocytes. The activated complement component(s) responsible for leukostasis has an approximate molecular weight of 7,000-20,000 daltons. Since it is generated in C2-deficient plasma and is associated with factor B conversion, it is suggested that activation of complement by dialysis is predominantly through the altermative pathway.
Prediction of Ozone-induced FEV<sub>1</sub> Changes
Authors: WILLIAM F. McDONNELL, PAUL W. STEWART, SOLANGE ANDREONI, ELSTON SEAL, HOWARD R. KEHRL, DONALD H. HORSTMAN, LAWRENCE J. FOLINSBEE, MARJO V. SMITH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The purpose of this analysis of previously published data was to identify a model that accurately predicts the mean ozone-induced FEV1 response of humans as a function of concentration (C), minute ventilation (V˙ e), duration of exposure (T), and age. Healthy young adults (n = 485) were exposed for 2 h to one of six ozone concentrations while exercising at one of three levels. Candidate models were fitted to portions of the data and evaluated on the basis of their ability to predict the mean response of independent samples. A sigmoid-shaped model that is consistent with previous observations of ozone exposure–response (E–R) characteristics was identified and found to accurately predict the mean response with independent data. This model in a more general form may allow the prediction of responses under conditions of changing C and V˙ e. We did not find that response was more sensitive to changes in C than in V˙ e, nor did we find convincing evidence of an effect of body size upon response. We did find that response to ozone decreases with age. In summary, we have identified a biologically plausible, predictive model that quantifies the relationship between the ozone-induced change in FEV1, and C, V˙ e, T, and age. McDonnell WF, Stewart PW, Andreoni S, Seal E, Jr., Kehrl HR, Horstman DH, Folinsbee LJ, Smith MV. Prediction of ozone-induced FEV1 changes: effects of concentration, duration, and ventilation.
Endothelial Cilia Are Fluid Shear Sensors That Regulate Calcium Signaling and Nitric Oxide Production Through Polycystin-1
Authors: Surya M. Nauli, Yoshifumi Kawanabe, John J. Kaminski, William J. Pearce, Donald E. Ingber, Jing Zhou
Journal: Circulation (2008)

When challenged with extracellular fluid shear stress, vascular endothelial cells are known to release nitric oxide, an important vasodilator. Here, we show that the ability of cultured endothelial cells to sense a low range of fluid shear depends on apical membrane organelles, called cilia, and that cilia are compartments required for proper localization and function of the mechanosensitive polycystin-1 molecule.Cells with the Pkd1(null/null) or Tg737(orpk/orpk) mutation encoded for polycystin-1 or polaris, respectively, are unable to transmit extracellular shear stress into intracellular calcium signaling and biochemical nitric oxide synthesis. Cytosolic calcium and nitric oxide recordings further show that fluid shear sensing is a cilia-specific mechanism because other mechanical or pharmacological stimulation does not abolish calcium and nitric oxide signaling in polycystin-1 and polaris mutant endothelial cells. Polycystin-1 localized in the basal body of Tg737(orpk/orpk) endothelial cells is insufficient for a fluid shear stress response. Furthermore, the optimal shear stress to which the cells respond best does not alter the apical cilia structure but modifies the responsiveness of cells to higher shear stresses through proteolytic modification of polycystin-1.We demonstrate for the first time that polycystin-1 (required for cilia function) and polaris (required for cilia structure) are crucial mechanosensitive molecules in endothelial cells. We propose that a distinctive communication with the extracellular microenvironment depends on the proper localization and function of polycystin-1 in cilia.
Dendritic cell‐derived exosomes carry the major cat allergen <scp>F</scp>el d 1 and induce an allergic immune response
Authors: H. Vallhov, C. Gutzeit, K. Hultenby, R. Valenta, H. Grönlund, A. Scheynius
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles (50-120 nm), which are released from a wide variety of cells. Depending on their cellular origin, they can induce immune stimulatory-, inhibitory-, or tolerance-inducing effects. However, it is still unclear what role exosomes play during human inflammatory diseases. It has not been studied whether exosomes derived from human dendritic cells (DCs), the first cells to encounter allergens in the mucosa, can carry aeroallergens and contribute to allergic immune responses. We therefore explored whether DC-derived exosomes can present the major cat allergen Fel d 1 and whether they thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic disease. Our results demonstrate that exosomes are able to present aeroallergens and thereby induce T-cell T(H)2-like cytokine production in allergic donors. Thus, these exosomes may be important immune-stimulatory factors in allergic immune responses and important targets or engineered tools in immunotherapy.
INDUCTION OF IgG BY LIPID A IN THE NEWBORN MOUSE
Authors: Cornelia Kolb, Raimund Di Pauli, Eberhardt Weiler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

IgG of paternal allotype first becomes detectable in the serum of (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F(1) mice between day 12 and 14 after birth and reaches adult levels at an age of 5 wk. Since in mice there is a transfer of maternal IgG molecules through the placenta and via milk, F(1) heterozygous at the allotype locus were used and the concentrations of IgG with paternal allotype were measured. This was done by a sensitive method capable of detecting IgG concentrations as low as 5 x 10(-4) of normal adult serum levels. It is based on the quantitative inhibition of allotype-specific facilitation of hemolysis. When lipid A or Salmonella bacteria were injected into neonatal mice, a stimulation of IgG synthesis was observed. Thus IgG levels were enhanced 10-30-fold compared to the nontreated mice. No increase in IgG levels was obtained in adult mice after treatment with lipid A. Whether the newborns were injected at birth, on day 2, 4, or 7, IgG was first demonstrable in the treated mice at an age of 6-11 days. The increase in IgG levels was not paralleled by a demonstrable antibody activity against lipid A, SRBC, and LPS. Thus the bulk of newly induced IgG is probably a statistical distribution of different specificities.
Monoclonal suppressor factor specific for lactate dehydrogenase B. I. Mechanism of interaction between the factor and its target cells.
Authors: Z Ikezawa, C N Baxevanis, M Nonaka, R Abe, T Tada, Z A Nagy, J Klein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Hybridomas secreting a monoclonal T suppressor-effector factor (TseF) were produced by fusion of a lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB)-specific long-term T suppressor-effector (Tse) cell line with the BW5147 thymoma. A short exposure (4 h) to TseF completely suppresses the antigen-specific and A-restricted proliferation of LDHB-primed Lyt-1+2- [possibly helper (Th)] cells. The action of TseF on Th cells, as that of the Tse cells themselves, is antigen-specific and A-restricted. The interaction of TseF with Th cells involves two binding events, of which one occurs via antigen bridge, and the other represents the recognition of a factor-derived Ak-like moiety by the anti-Ak receptor of Th cells. The Ak-like moiety of the TseF carries the determinants that serve as restriction elements for antigen recognition by Th cells, and additional determinants demonstrable by T cell-specific monoclonal "anti-Ak" antibodies, however, it lacks serologically detectable determinants of the B cell-derived A alpha A beta class II Mhc molecules.
On the source of Ca2+ activating the tonic component of contraction of myocytes of guinea pig heart
Authors: K Emanuel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Contractions of isolated, single myocytes of guinea pig heart stimulated at 37°C consist of a phasic component and a voltage dependent tonic component. In this study we investigated the source of Ca2+ activating the tonic component. Methods: Experiments were performed at 37°C in ventricular myocytes of guinea pig heart. Voltage-clamped cells were stimulated by the pulses from the holding potential of −40 to +5 mV. [Ca2+]i was monitored as fluorescence of Indo 1-AM and contractions were recorded with the TV edge-tracking system. Results: Superfusion of 5 mmol/l Ni2+ during 30 s pause did not inhibit subsequent biphasic Ca2+ transients and contractions despite inhibition of Ca2+ current and Na+/Ca2+ exchange. KB-R7943 (5 μmol/l) or intracellular dialysis with 0 Na+ solution, both of which inhibit reversed Na+/Ca2+ exchange, decreased amplitude of Ca2+ transients and contractions by ∼40%. The ratio of amplitudes of tonic to phasic component was increased by Ni2+ and was not changed by KB-R7943 or 0 Na+i. Ryanodine (200 μmol/l) inhibited both components of contractions in cells superfused with Ni2+. The phasic component but not the tonic component was inhibited by 20 μmol/l nifedipine in cells superfused with Ni2+. Conclusions: Tonic component of contraction of single myocytes of guinea pig heart is not activated by Ca2+ current or by the reverse mode Na+/Ca2+ exchange as currently proposed in literature. Rather, it is activated by Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, kinetics and mechanism of release seem to be quite different from those of Ca2+ fraction activating the phasic component of contraction.
Tazarotene cream in the treatment of psoriasis: Two multicenter, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies of the safety and efficacy of tazarotene creams 0.05% and 0.1% applied once daily for 12 weeks
Authors: Gerald D Weinstein, John Y M Koo, Gerald G Krueger, Mark G Lebwohl, Nicholas J Lowe, M Alan Menter, Deborah A Lew-Kaya, John Sefton, John R Gibson, Patricia S Walker
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
Dyspnoea and hypoxaemia after lung surgery: the role of interatrial right-to-left shunt
Authors: C. Marini, M. Miniati, N. Ambrosino, B. Formichi, L. Tonelli, G. Di Ricco, C. Michelassi, S. Giusti, I. Spadoni
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

After lung surgery, some patients complain of unexplained increased dyspnoea associated with hypoxaemia. This clinical presentation may be due to an interatrial right-to-left shunt despite normal right heart pressure. Some of these patients show postural dependency of hypoxaemia, whereas others do not. In this article, the pathogenesis and mechanisms involved in this post-surgical complication are discussed, and the techniques used for confirmation and localisation of shunt are reported. An invasive technique, such as right heart catheterisation with angiography, was often used in the past as the diagnostic procedure for the visualisation of interatrial shunt. As to noninvasive techniques, a perfusion lung scan may be used as the first approach as it may detect the effect of the right-to-left shunt by visualising an extrapulmonary distribution of the radioactive tracer. The 100% oxygen breathing test could also be used to quantify the amount of right-to-left shunt. Particular emphasis is given to newer imaging modalities, such as transoesophageal echocardiography, which is minimally invasive but highly sensitive in clearly visualising the atrial septum anatomy. Finally, the approach to closure of the foramen ovale or atrial septal defect is discussed. Open thoracotomy was the traditional approach in the past. Percutaneous closure has now become the most used and effective technique for the repair of the interatrial anatomical malformation.
Keeping Up With Outcomes for Infants Born at Extremely Low Gestational Ages
Authors: Neil Marlow
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Wood Fibers From Disposable Surgical Gowns and Drapes
Authors: Myroslaw J. Dragan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A NUMBER of substances (talc,<sup>1</sup>lycopodium, rice, cornstarch,<sup>2</sup>and cotton fibers) introduced into the soft tissue of mesothelial cavities evoke serious granulomatous and fibrotic reactions. Coniferous wood fibers originating from disposable surgical gowns and drapes also have been incriminated in this process.<sup>3-5</sup>This report was prompted by a rise in postoperative morbidity during the 18-month use of disposable paper gowns and drapes in the hospital as a substitute for standard cotton ones. Disposable paper gowns, drapes, and towels were used in about 1,000 surgical procedures during an 18-month period in a 300-bed hospital. About six months after introduction of the disposable paper garments, an increased frequency of postoperative complications was observed. The complications included keloids, wound dehiscence, incisional hernias, chronic abscesses in the surgical field, and in two patients recurrent bouts of intestinal obstructions due to peritoneal adhesions (a total of 22 cases). When surgical specimens from
The first case of a complete deficiency of diphosphoglycerate mutase in human erythrocytes.
Authors: R Rosa, M O Prehu, Y Beuzard, J Rosa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

An inherited and complete deficiency of diphosphoglycerate mutase was discovered in the erythrocytes of a 42-yr-old man of French origin whose blood hemoglobin concentration was 19.0 g/dl. Upon physical examination he was normal with the exception of a ruddy cyanosis. The morphology of his erythrocytes was also normal and there was no evidence of hemolysis. The erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level was below 3% of normal values and, as a consequence, the affinity of the cells for oxygen was increased. Diphosphoglycerate mutase activity was undetectable in erythrocytes as was that of diphosphoglycerate phosphatase. The activities of all the other erythrocyte enzymes that were tested were normal except for nomophosphoglycerate mutase which was diminished to 50% of the normal value. The levels of reduced glutathione, ATP, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, and of triose phosphates were elevated, whereas those of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate were decreased. This report sheds new light on the role of diphosphoglycerate mutase in the metabolism of erythrocytes.
Merkel cell tumour: report of a case
Authors: M.H.A. RUSTIN, T.J. CHAMBERS, D.A. LEVISON, D.D. MUNRO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

We report the case of a 75‐year‐old lady with recurrent primary cutaneous Merkel cell tumours. The condition can be misdiagnosed as lymphoma or anaplastic carcinoma, and the definitive diagnosis can be made only by electron microscopy of fresh tissue. This is the first reported case in the British literature.
Endothelial interactions of neutrophils under flow in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: I. S. Woolhouse, D. L. Bayley, P. Lalor, D. H. Adams, R. A. Stockley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

It is generally accepted that the neutrophil is central to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Enhanced endothelial interactions of this cell may contribute to the susceptibility of smokers who develop the disease; however, these interactions have not previously been studied in COPD. The aim of the current study was to determine whether enhanced endothelial interactions of neutrophils from smokers are a predisposing factor for the development of COPD. Endothelial interactions under flow and adhesion molecule expression of peripheral blood neutrophils were compared between seven never-smokers (NS), seven healthy smokers (HS), 11 COPD patients with severe α 1 -antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ) and neutrophils from 11 COPD patients without the deficiency (PiM). Total adhesive and migratory responses (per mm 2 endothelium per 10 6 neutrophils) were significantly greater in the PiM group (mean± se 704.2±57.9 versus 509.3±48.8 in the PiZ group, 499.3±40.1 in the HS and 491.2±33.7 in the NS). This corresponded with increased macrophage antigen-1 (CD11b) expression on stimulated neutrophils in the PiM group compared with the PiZ group (mean± se relative fluorescence intensity 1.4±0.1 versus 1.1±0.1). In conclusion, the enhanced endothelial interaction of neutrophils from smokers who have developed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the presence of normal levels of α 1 -antitrypsin deficiency, but not in those with severe α 1 -antitrypsin deficiency, suggests that this is a predisposing factor for the development of the disease, and upregulation of macrophage antigen-1 may be responsible.
Exploration of bacterial community classes in major human habitats
Authors: Yanjiao Zhou, Kathie A Mihindukulasuriya, Hongyu Gao, Patricio S La Rosa, Kristine M Wylie, John C Martin, Karthik Kota, William D Shannon, Makedonka Mitreva, Erica Sodergren, George M Weinstock
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Abstract Background Determining bacterial abundance variation is the first step in understanding bacterial similarity between individuals. Categorization of bacterial communities into groups or community classes is the subsequent step in describing microbial distribution based on abundance patterns. Here, we present an analysis of the groupings of bacterial communities in stool, nasal, skin, vaginal and oral habitats in a healthy cohort of 236 subjects from the Human Microbiome Project. Results We identify distinct community group patterns in the anterior nares, four skin sites, and vagina at the genus level. We also confirm three enterotypes previously identified in stools. We identify two clusters with low silhouette values in most oral sites, in which bacterial communities are more homogeneous. Subjects sharing a community class in one habitat do not necessarily share a community class in another, except in the three vaginal sites and the symmetric habitats of the left and right retroauricular creases. Demographic factors, including gender, age, and ethnicity, significantly influence community composition in several habitats. Community classes in the vagina, retroauricular crease and stool are stable over approximately 200 days. Conclusion The community composition, association of demographic factors with community classes, and demonstration of community stability deepen our understanding of the variability and dynamics of human microbiomes. This also has significant implications for experimental designs that seek microbial correlations with clinical phenotypes.
A suppressor screen in Mecp2 mutant mice implicates cholesterol metabolism in Rett syndrome
Authors: Christie M Buchovecky, Stephen D Turley, Hannah M Brown, Stephanie M Kyle, Jeffrey G McDonald, Benny Liu, Andrew A Pieper, Wenhui Huang, David M Katz, David W Russell, Jay Shendure, Monica J Justice
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)