tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT): Urinary Screening and Baseline Biochemical and Cardiovascular Assessments
Authors: M. Loredana Marcovecchio, John Woodside, Timothy Jones, Denis Daneman, Andrew Neil, Toby Prevost, R. Neil Dalton, John Deanfield, David B. Dunger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We assessed the association between early increases in albumin excretion and cardiovascular (CV) and renal markers in a large cohort of young people with type 1 diabetes.
THE COMBINED EFFECT OF CORTISONE ACETATE AND DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE IN ADRENAL-ECTOMIZED RATS ON A LOW SODIUM DIET 1
Authors: Abbie I. Knowlton, Emily N. Loeb, Herbert C. Stoerk, William C. Mohler, Fern Brook, Dorothy Wendelle, Emily Bidwell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)
The effects of population-based faecal occult blood test screening upon emergency colorectal cancer admissions in Coventry and north Warwickshire
Authors: S J Goodyear, E Leung, A Menon, S Pedamallu, N Williams, L S Wong
Journal: Gut (2007)

The English arm of the UK Bowel Cancer Screening Pilot has recently concluded its third round. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of this programme on the emergency and elective cancer workload at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust; the largest trust within the screened region. The secondary aim was to assess its effect upon Dukes staging, mortality and stoma formation for emergency colorectal cancer (CRC) admissions.A retrospective analysis of validated data for CRC admissions over a period of 6 years from 1999 to 2004 was performed. The first year, 1999, represented the pre-screening year (PSY) which was taken as a baseline. Data for the next 5 years, screening years 1-5 (SY1-SY5), were recorded for the mode of admission, occurrence of emergency surgery, 30-day mortality and Dukes staging.In the PSY (1999), 29.4% of CRCs were admitted as an emergency, decreasing to 15.8% by 2004 (p = 0.001). As a consequence, there was a significant decrease in the number of emergency CRC procedures performed over the same period (p<0.05). There was also a significant reduction in the 30-day mortality from 48% in 1999 to 13% in 2004 (p<0.05). Dukes stage C carcinomas, however, remained the predominant stage presenting as emergencies throughout the studied period (SY3, 53%; SY4, 38%; SY5, 50%).Following commencement of the UK Bowel Cancer Screening Pilot, there has been a significant decline in emergency CRC workload with a marked improvement in 30-day mortality and decreased stoma formation, in Coventry and North Warwickshire. It is postulated that the witnessed and notable positive impact over such a short time period is the result of increased detection of asymptomatic malignancies within the screening programme, increased public awareness of the symptoms of CRC, together with a change in attitudes and referral patterns of general practitioners within Coventry and North Warwickshire.
Relation between beta-lactamase producing bacteria and patient characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Authors: J H Sportel, G H Koeter, R van Altena, A Lowenberg, W G Boersma
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--In addition to bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapy, exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often treated with antibiotics. Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, two important respiratory pathogens, may produce beta-lactamase which makes them resistant to ampicillin. Surveillance studies conducted in various countries have shown an increasing incidence of these beta-lactamase producing bacteria. Although this may simply be a consequence of the increasing use of antibiotics, it is possible that other factors are important. A study was undertaken to investigate whether clinical factors are related to the presence of beta-lactamase forming bacteria in the sputum of patients with COPD. METHODS--One hundred patients with COPD aged over 40 years were sequentially selected from an outpatient clinic on the basis of sputum culture results. Fifty had beta-lactamase positive (beta L+) and 50 had beta-lactamase negative (beta L-) bacteria in their sputum. Patients were included only if sputum culture results yielded one pathogen. The files of these patients were investigated for possible causative factors present during the two preceding years. RESULTS--Both groups were almost identical in terms of lung function, maintenance medication, and smoking history. The total number of antibiotic courses in the beta L+ group was higher, as were individual courses of cephalosporins, tetracyclines, and macrolides. The number of patients admitted to hospital was higher in the beta L+ group, but admissions were of equal duration in both groups. Patients admitted to hospital had poorer lung function. Risk factors for beta-lactamase producing bacteria were identified by logistic regression analysis which revealed an odds ratio for one course of antibiotics of 1.15 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.28). CONCLUSIONS--An increased number of antibiotic courses is related to a higher incidence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria and more patients had hospital admissions in the beta L+ group. beta-lactamase stable antibiotics were used more frequently in the beta L+ group, probably because prescribing was adapted to the presence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria. No other differences were found between the beta L+ and beta L- groups.
Clinical Significance of Alterations of Chromosome 8 in High-Grade, Advanced, Nonmetastatic Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: K Sato, J Qian, J M Slezak, M M Lieber, D G Bostwick, E J Bergstralh, R B Jenkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: Chromosome 8 alterations, including loss of 8p21-22 and gain of 8q24, are commonly observed in prostate carcinoma. We examined whether these alterations are associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer. METHODS: We used dual-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization and DNA probes for 8p22 (lipoprotein lipase gene), centromere 8 (8cen), and 8q24 (c-myc gene) to determine the corresponding copy numbers in tumor samples from 144 patients with high-grade, advanced (stage III) prostate carcinoma. Cox models were used for multivariate analysis of systemic progression or patient death from prostate cancer. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS: We classified the 8p22, 8cen, and c-myc copy number as normal, loss, and gain. An additional increase (AI) category of c-myc relative to the centromere copy number (i.e., overrepresentation and amplification of c-myc) was also used. Alterations of 8p22 were not statistically significantly associated with either systemic progression or patient death. Alterations of c-myc were associated with both systemic progression ( P = .024) and patient death ( P = .039); AI of c-myc showed the poorest outcome. We also evaluated the prognostic relevance of the combined 8p22-8cen-c-myc loci anomaly pattern for the following six patterns: normal-normal-normal, loss-any 8cen-normal, loss-gain-gain, gain-gain-gain, non-loss-any 8cen-AI, and loss-any 8cen-AI, where any 8cen is normal, loss, or gain of the chromosome 8 centromere. Patients with the loss-any 8cen-AI pattern had earlier systemic progression ( P = .009) and earlier cause-specific death ( P = .013) than did patients with other patterns. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the loss-any 8cen-AI pattern was an independent risk factor for systemic progression ( P <.001) and cause-specific death ( P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic alterations of chromosome 8 appear to accumulate in parallel with the progression of prostate carcinomas. AI of the c-myc gene, especially with loss of 8p22, appears to be associated with poor patient prognosis.
Clonal Progression of Prostate Cancers from Gleason Grade 3 to Grade 4
Authors: Adam G. Sowalsky, Huihui Ye, Glenn J. Bubley, Steven P. Balk
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Low-grade prostate cancers (Gleason pattern 3, G3) detected on needle biopsies are generally viewed as indolent and suitable for conservative management with only interval repeat biopsies to monitor by watchful waiting. Higher grade tumors eventually emerge in 20% to 30% of these cases, but this process may only reflect incomplete sampling on the initial biopsy, such that it remains unknown whether G3 tumors generally progress to higher grades. In this study, we examined a series of adjacent G3 and Gleason pattern 4 (G4) tumors in radical prostatectomy specimens and found that all were concordant for the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Using hybrid-capture and deep sequencing in four fusion-positive cases, we found that adjacent laser-capture microdissected G3 and G4 tumors had identical TMPRSS2:ERG fusion breakpoints, confirming their clonal origin. Two of these G3 tumors had deletion of a single PTEN gene that was also deleted in the adjacent G4, while the G4 tumors in two cases had additional PTEN losses. These findings establish that a subset of G3 tumors progress to G4 or emerge from a common precursor. Further, they show that G3 tumors that progress to G4 may have molecular features distinguishing them from G3 tumors that do not progress. Thus, determining the spectrum of these genetic or epigenetic features may allow for the identification of G3 tumors on needle biopsies that are truly indolent versus those that have the potential to progress or that may already be associated with a G4 tumor that was not sampled at the initial biopsy, therefore, requiring more aggressive surveillance or intervention. Cancer Res; 73(3); 1050–5. ©2012 AACR.
Relationship of immunodiagnostic assays for tuberculosis and numbers of circulating CD4+ T-cells in HIV infection
Authors: L. Leidl, H. Mayanja-Kizza, G. Sotgiu, J. Baseke, M. Ernst, C. Hirsch, D. Goletti, Z. Toossi, C. Lange
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Infection with HIV is the greatest risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) in Africa. Tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-G-IT) and T-Spot.TB assays were performed in newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals with and without active TB and in HIV-uninfected subjects at a university outpatient clinic in Kampala, Uganda. A total of 135 individuals were enrolled: 109 with a new diagnosis of HIV-1 infection but no active TB, 19 with HIV-1 infection and active TB, and seven HIV-uninfected healthy subjects. In control subjects immune responses were positive in 57.2% by TST and in 100% by at least one interferon-γ release assay. In HIV-1 infected patients without active TB, induration in the TST (mm) (rho = 0.41, p-value &lt;0.0001) and concentration of interferon (IFN)-γ in the QFT-G-IT tube with Mycobacterium tuberculosis -specific antigens (rho = 0.38; p = 0.0001) were negatively correlated to numbers of circulating CD4+ T-cells, while numbers of IFN-γ producing cells (rho = 0.03–0.13; p-value = 0.21–0.77) and frequencies of positive test results for the T-Spot.TB test among groups of patients with different levels of immunodeficiency remained constant (p-value = 0.46). In HIV-1 infection, TST and QFT-G-IT immune responses are both strongly related to the degree of immunodeficiency, while results of the T-Spot.TB are independent of the level of CD4+ T-cell depletion.
Characteristics of Gross Virus-Induced Leukemia Cell Clones. I. In Vivo and In Vitro Properties2
Authors: M. Marra, D. T. Imagawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Characteristics of Gross Virus-Induced Leukemia Cell Clones. I. In Vivo and In Vitro Properties Get access M. Marra, M. Marra Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. T. Imagawa D. T. Imagawa 5 5Address reprint requests to Dr. D. T. Imagawa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 5, November 1976, Pages 1127–1131, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.5.1127 Published: 01 November 1976 Article history Received: 13 January 1976 Accepted: 10 May 1976 Published: 01 November 1976
Differential Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy among Hispanic Women
Authors: Myles Wolf, Anand Shah, Ricardo Jimenez-Kimble, Jenny Sauk, Jeffrey L. Ecker, Ravi Thadhani
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

ABSTRACT. Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension are leading complications of pregnancy that also portend increased risk of future chronic hypertension. Although rates of chronic hypertension differ between non-Hispanic Caucasian and Hispanic women, few studies examined their relative rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in a prospective cohort of normotensive, nulliparous Hispanic (n = 863) and non-Hispanic Caucasian women (n = 2,381). Compared with non-Hispanic Caucasian women, Hispanic women demonstrated a significantly decreased incidence of gestational hypertension (1.6% versus 8.5%; P < 0.01), but a similar incidence of preeclampsia (3.8% versus 3.7%; P = 0.9). Adjusting for age, smoking, diabetes, BP, body mass index (BMI), and multiple gestation uncovered an increased relative risk (RR) for preeclampsia among Hispanic women (RR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.3; P = 0.01), while their relative risk for gestational hypertension remained significantly decreased (RR 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.72; P < 0.01). Among women who initially presented with hypertension during pregnancy, Hispanic women were over threefold (hazard ratio 3.3; 95% CI, 1.9 to 6.0; P < 0.01) more likely to develop preeclampsia than non-Hispanic Caucasian women. Besides Hispanic ethnicity, baseline BP, BMI, diabetes, and multiple gestation were independent risk factors for preeclampsia, whereas only baseline BP and BMI were associated with gestational hypertension. Socioeconomic status and access to prenatal care were not associated with either disorder. Hispanic ethnicity is independently associated with increased risk for preeclampsia and decreased risk for gestational hypertension. The initial presentation of hypertension during pregnancy in Hispanic women most likely represents early preeclampsia.
Radiographic abnormalities in tuberculosis and risk of coexisting human immunodeficiency virus infection. Results from Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, and scoring system.
Authors: N Mlika-Cabanne, M Brauner, F Mugusi, P Grenier, C Daley, I Mbaga, B Larouzé, J F Murray
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

First, we evaluated the age profile and chest radiographic abnormalities in 146 patients from Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, with new-onset intrathoracic tuberculosis (pulmonary, pleural, or hilar/mediastinal adenopathy), to identify features that were associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity or seronegativity; then, we combined these data with those from a companion investigation in Burundi to develop a simple scoring system to predict HIV serologic status. Using agreed-upon criteria and simplified reporting forms, initial chest radiographs were reviewed by three readers, first independently and then at a consensus conference. Of the 146 patients, 80 (55%) were HIV seropositive and 66 were seronegative. More seropositive than seronegative subjects were 31 to 40 yr old (p = 0.03). Because the radiographic characteristics of the two serologic groups were similar in Tanzania and Burundi, we combined the data for stepwise logistic regression that revealed four highly significant variables: age, small lesions, location, and lymphadenopathy. From these, we obtained an equation to calculate the probability that a given tuberculosis patients was HIV seropositive and then we derived a scoring system that in its simplest form (threshold) predicted serologic status correctly in 68.1% of patients; a graded scale was even more accurate in the high (89.1%) and low (82.6%) ranges. This scoring system should be useful when serologic testing is unavailable or refused.
Chemoendocrine Therapy for Premenopausal Women With Axillary Lymph Node–Positive, Steroid Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer: Results From INT 0101 (E5188)
Authors: Nancy E. Davidson, Anne M. O'Neill, Allen M. Vukov, C. Kent Osborne, Silvana Martino, Douglas R. White, Martin D. Abeloff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Chemotherapy, tamoxifen, and ovarian ablation/suppression (OA/OS) are effective adjuvant approaches for premenopausal, steroid hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. The value of combined therapy has not been clearly established. Patients and Methods Premenopausal women with axillary lymph node–positive, steroid hormone receptor–positive breast cancer (1,503 eligible patients) were randomly assigned to six cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil (CAF), CAF followed by 5 years of monthly goserelin (CAF-Z), or CAF followed by 5 years of monthly goserelin and daily tamoxifen (CAF-ZT). The primary end points were time to recurrence (TTR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) for CAF-Z versus CAF, and CAF-ZT versus CAF-Z. Results With a median follow-up of 9.6 years, the addition of tamoxifen to CAF-Z improved TTR and DFS but not OS. There was no overall advantage for addition of goserelin to CAF. Conclusion Addition of tamoxifen to CAF-Z improves outcome for premenopausal node-positive, receptor-positive breast cancer. The role of OA/OS alone or with other endocrine agents should be studied more intensely.
Synovial procollagenase activation by human mast cell tryptase dependence upon matrix metalloproteinase 3 activation.
Authors: B L Gruber, M J Marchese, K Suzuki, L B Schwartz, Y Okada, H Nagase, N S Ramamurthy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the matrix degradation observed in the cartilaginous and osseous structures of the rheumatoid joint. We previously reported that human mast cell tryptase, a 134-kD granule-associated neutral protease, is present in rheumatoid synovium and can activate collagenase in crude culture medium in vitro. the present study attempts to depict the precise mechanism of this activation. To express full activation of latent collagenase, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) or stromelysin, can be activated by tryptase in a time and dose-dependent manner. Tryptase was not capable of generating active collagenase in the crude media from cultured rheumatoid synoviocytes depleted of proMMP-3 by immunoadsorption. In addition, the function of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) was not altered by tryptase, and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed no degradation of TIMP by tryptase. The tryptase dependent activation of synoviocyte procollagenase thereby appears to be entirely dependent upon its ability to activate proMMP-3.
THE LYMPHATIC PARTICIPATION IN HUMAN CUTANEOUS PHENOMENA
Authors: Stephen S. Hudack, Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

A technic is described for the demonstration of lymphatic capillaries in living skin and for their study. By means of vital dyes injected intradermally these vessels can be rendered plainly visible. They form an extraordinarily abundant anastomotic web. The least scratch, one which does not penetrate through the epidermis, gives rise to such conditions that lymphatic absorption readily takes place from the abraded surface; and so close-meshed is the lymphatic web that an intradermal injection with even the finest hypodermic needle tears some of the constituent vessels open with result that they undergo direct injection. In many individuals much of the fluid introduced at an ordinary intradermal injection, like that made in the clinic, spreads through the superficial lymphatic network, whereas in others it tends to enter the deeper lymphatics at once, the difference being due to merely physical factors determined by skin texture. Normal flow along the skin lymphatics is rapid even when the body is at rest, dye introduced into the skin of the resting forearm reaching the axilla within a few minutes. The observations make plain the fact that every intradermal injection is an intralymphatic one, often preponderantly such, while furthermore every local injection into the skin becomes within a few minutes a general one, so rapidly is the introduced material transported to the blood. The normal permeability of the skin lymphatics of man is approximately the same as that of the mouse. Tests indicate that in both instances the lymphatic wall behaves like a semipermeable membrane. The permeability of the human lymphatic wall like that of the mouse is subject to rapid and great changes. A stroke on the skin with a blunt instrument to produce a wheal, causes the lymphatic capillaries to become so permeable temporarily that dyes pass through their walls as if practically no barrier existed, instead of being held back for a greater or less period. Slight inflammation due to heat, ultraviolet light or bacterial products has a similar effect. So, too, has histamine. When fluid pours rapidly into the tissue from the blood, as when a wheal is formed, the lymphatics are compressed and their efficiency as drainage channels is interfered with. These facts are briefly discussed in their bearing upon skin phenomena in general. The lymphatics cannot be disregarded in considering such phenomena, in which it is plain that they have a large share.
Synovectomy of the knee in rheumatoid arthritis. I. Short-term observations.
Authors: A V Camp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

<h3>Background</h3> Understanding the mechanisms underlying health behaviors is crucial to optimize interventions to improve HIV-related outcomes. Temporal discounting (TD), the tendency to discount the value of future rewards relative to rewards received closer to the present, may lead to risky health behaviors. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) interventions were developed in part to mitigate these effects. Despite this, few studies assess the direct role of TD on the effect of CCT interventions on HIV treatment and prevention. <h3>Methods</h3> Using data from a randomized controlled trial among 433 HIV-infected pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we assessed three outcomes:1) retention to HIV care, 2) uptake of services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), and 3) viral suppression at 6 weeks postpartum. We used a delay discounting task to measure TD at baseline. We hypothesized that if CCT works by mitigating the harmful effects of TD, we would observe a positive interactive effect on the additive scale between high TD and CCT. We specified linear binomial regression models to calculate the individual and joint effects of CCT and TD, and we calculated the interaction contrast (IC) to illustrate possible interaction between these effects. <h3>Results</h3> The effect of CCT on uptake of PMTCT services was greater among women exhibiting high TD. The IC suggested a positive interactive effect between TD and the CCT intervention on uptake of PMTCT services (IC: 0.17; 95% CI: -0.15, 0.48). We observed no evidence of additive interaction between TD and the CCT intervention on retention or viral suppression. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This CCT intervention may help mitigate the harmful effects of TD on uptake of PMTCT services, though this mechanism did not appear to play a role for retention or viral suppression. Alternative approaches could be developed to address the effects of TD on HIV-related outcomes. <h3>Disclosure</h3> No significant relationships.