tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of psychosocial adaptation of advanced stage Hodgkin’s disease and acute leukemia survivors
Authors: A B Kornblith, J E Herndon, E Zuckerman, D F Cella, E Cherin, S Wolchok, R B Weiss, L F Diehl, E Henderson, M R Cooper, C Schiffer, G P Canellos, R J Mayer, R T Silver, A Schilling, B A Peterson, D Greenberg, J C Holland
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)

The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term psychosocial adaptation of Hodgkin's disease and adult acute leukemia survivors.Two hundred seventy-three Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 206 adult acute leukemia (AL) survivors were interviewed by telephone concerning their psychosocial adjustment and problems they attributed to having been treated for cancer, using identical research procedures and a common set of instruments. The following measures were used: Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS); Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI); current Conditioned Nausea and Vomiting triggered by treatment-related stimuli (CNVI); Indices of Employment, Insurance and Sexual Problems Attributed to Cancer; Negative Socioeconomic Impact of Cancer Index (NSI). All participants had been treated on one of nine Hodgkin's disease or 13 acute leukemia Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) clinical trials from 1966-1988, and had been off treatment for one year or more (mean years: HD = 5.9; AL = 5.6).HD survivors' risk of having a high distress score on the BSI was almost twice that found for AL survivors (odds ratio = 1.90), with 21% of HD vs. 14% of AL survivors (P < 0.05) having scores that were 1.5 standard deviations above the norm, suggestive of a possible psychiatric disorder. HD survivors reported greater fatigue (POMS Fatigue, P = 0.01; Vigor Subscales, P = 0.001), greater conditioned nausea (CNVI, P < 0.05), greater impact of cancer on their family life (PAIS Domestic Environment, P = 0.004) and poorer sexual functioning (PAIS Sexual Relationships, P = 0.0001), than AL survivors.Treatment-related issues may have placed HD survivors at a greater risk for problems in long-term adaptation than AL survivors.
Role of transtelephonic electrocardiographic monitoring in detecting short-term arrhythmia recurrences after radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gaetano Senatore, Giuseppe Stabile, Emanuele Bertaglia, Giovanni Donnici, Antonio De Simone, Franco Zoppo, Pietro Turco, Pietro Pascotto, Massimo Fazzari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
CONSTITUTIONAL FACTORS IN THE PROGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: NATHAN S. KLINE, ASHTON M. TENNEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

1. In a series of 2,100 consecutive admissions to the Veterans Administration Hospital, Lyons, N. J., 72% of the schizophrenics were photographed in the standardized somatotype position shortly after admission. 2. These somatotype photographs were rated by Dr. William H. Sheldon, who had no knowledge as to the diagnosis, disposition, or any other pertinent information about the patients. Since these patients were included in a much larger series made up of psychoneurotics, neurological cases, and nonneuropsychiatric patients, in addition to the schizophrenics, the rater had no way of knowing even that they were schizophrenics. 3. The patients were allowed to follow their normal course in the hospital without awareness on the part of the staff as to their somatotype rating. The staff had no particular training in possible relationships between somatotype and psychiatric factors. 4. In all, 1,000 relatively consecutive admissions were somatotyped in the present series and an extremely detailed review made of all pertinent material, including records while in service, laboratory data, cardiac and ECG consultations, symptomatology, etc. 5. Two years after the first patient in the series was admitted (and 6 months after the last series admission), the disposition of the patients was reviewed. 6. There was found to be a significantly positive correlation between mesomorphy and good prognosis and a suggestively poor one with high endomorphy. 7. This correlation between prognosis and somatotype proved to be independent of correlations between somatotype and diagnosis. In other words, relationship between prognosis and somatotype is more basic than relationship between prognosis and diagnostic subcategory. 8. Significant correlations were found to exist between somatotype and diagnosis: Mesomorphs tended to be paranoid and not hebephrenic, whereas, ectomorphs tended to be hebephrenic and not paranoid. 9. It was also found that those who were overendowed, or underendowed from an absolute point of view, had a poor prognosis. 10. On the basis of other parts of the study, it is suggested that with the somatotype as a frame of reference a much-needed factor will be introduced into the organic approach to schizophrenia, making comprehensible much of the data that are now characterized only by their great variability.
The greater man, the greater courtesy
Authors: D. Debnath
Journal: BMJ (2003)

involving the upper respiratory tract has been described in a quarter of cases. 1 The most common presenting symptoms include most upper airway respiratory symptoms, but particularly rhinorrhoea, oral ulcers, nasal discharge, polyarthralgias, myalgias, and sinus pain.Lower airway complaints such as cough, dyspnoea, haemoptysis, and pleuritic pain are also early features.More rarely, Wegener's granulomatosis can present with tumour-like masses distant from the lung.The renal disease often presents with haematuria, red cell casts, proteinuria, and renal failure.Other systems that may be involved include joints, eyes, skin, nervous system, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. 1 Serological testing for ANCA is a useful diagnostic aid for small vessel vasculitis, 2 although caution is needed as the sensitivity may be as low as 66% when the disease is not severe. 3 The diagnosis should be suggested from clinical as well as laboratory findings and where possible confirmed with a tissue biopsy.Treatment in Wegener's granulomatosis can be life saving.It is usual to obtain a tissue diagnosis before starting treatment, but if the patient is too unwell, as in this case, treatment should not be delayed.Untreated Wegener's granulomatosis has a poor prognosis, with most patients dying within two years. 1 With cytotoxic treatment, this has improved, and the eight year survival is about 80%. 1 Up to 90% of patients respond to cyclophosphamide, and three quarters have a complete remission, 4 but pulmonary haemorrhage remains a potentially life threatening complication.Induction treatment is usually given as combined treatment with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids.Use of corticosteroids alone is associated with a higher relapse rate. 5 The specifics of induction regimens vary with the drugs used, doses, routes of administration, and duration.Patients with severe disease are treated with either plasma exchange or pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone.The results of a randomised study
Photochemotherapy for pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch)
Authors: H. HONIGSMANN, F. GSCHNAIT, K. KONRAD, K. WOLFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Photochemotherapy (PUVA) with oral methoxsalen and UV-A was instituted in 8 patients with generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch). Complete clearing of skin lesions and of systemic symptoms was achieved in all patients. Patients who had been on systemic treatment prior to PUVA had to be treated with considerably more UV-A energy than patients who had received topical therapy alone. Seven patients were kept in complete remission by maintenance therapy for an observation period of up to 1 1/2 years. Side effects of systemic pre-PUVA treatment resolved during several months of maintenance therapy.
Pretreatment Quality of Life and Functional Status Assessment Significantly Predict Survival of Elderly Patients With Advanced Non—Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Prognostic Analysis of the Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study
Authors: Paolo Maione, Francesco Perrone, Ciro Gallo, Luigi Manzione, FrancoVito Piantedosi, Santi Barbera, Silvio Cigolari, Francesco Rosetti, Elena Piazza, Sergio Federico Robbiati, Oscar Bertetto, Silvia Novello, Maria Rita Migliorino, Adolfo Favaretto, Mario Spatafora, Francesco Ferraù, Luciano Frontini, Alessandra Bearz, Lazzaro Repetto, Cesare Gridelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To study the prognostic value for overall survival of baseline assessment of functional status, comorbidity, and quality of life (QoL) in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy.Data from 566 patients enrolled onto the phase III randomized Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) study were analyzed. Functional status was measured as activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL). The presence of comorbidity was assessed with a checklist of 33 items; items 29 and 30 of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core questionnaire QLQ-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) were used to estimate QoL. ADL was dichotomized as none versus one or more dependency. For IADL and QoL, three categories were defined using first and third quartiles as cut points. Comorbidity was summarized using the Charlson scale. Analysis was performed by Cox model, and stratified by treatment arm.Better values of baseline QoL (P = .0003) and IADL (P = .04) were significantly associated with better prognosis, whereas ADL (P = .44) and Charlson score (P = .66) had no prognostic value. Performance status 2 (P = .006) and a higher number of metastatic sites (P = .02) also predicted shorter overall survival.Pretreatment global QoL and IADL scores, but not ADL and comorbidity, have significant prognostic value for survival of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who were treated with chemotherapy. Using these scores in clinical practice might improve prognostic prediction for treatment planning.
Pointing the way
Authors: Dana H. Ballard, Mary M. Hayhoe, Polly K. Pook, Rajesh P. N. Rao
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The majority of commentators agree that the time to focus on embodiment has arrived and that the disembodied approach that was taken from the birth of artificial intelligence is unlikely to provide a satisfactory account of the special features of human intelligence. In our Response, we begin by addressing the general comments and criticisms directed at the emerging enterprise of deictic and embodied cognition. In subsequent sections we examine the topics that constitute the core of the commentaries: embodiment mechanisms, dorsal and ventral visual processing, eye movements, and learning.
UT-A Urea Transporter Protein in Heart
Authors: Rafael Duchesne, Janet D. Klein, Jeffrey B. Velotta, John J. Doran, Patricia Rouillard, Brian R. Roberts, Alicia A. McDonough, Jeff M. Sands
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Urea transporters have been cloned from kidney medulla (UT-A) and erythrocytes (UT-B). We determined whether UT-A proteins could be detected in heart and whether their abundance was altered by uremia or hypertension or in human heart failure. In normal rat heart, bands were detected at 56, 51, and 39 kDa. In uremic rats, the abundance of the 56-kDa protein increased 1.9-fold compared with pair-fed, sham-operated rats, whereas the 51- and 39-kDa proteins were unchanged. We also detected UT-A2 mRNA in hearts from control and uremic rats. Because uremia is accompanied by hypertension, the effects of hypertension per se were studied in uninephrectomized deoxycorticosterone acetate salt-treated rats, where the abundance of the 56-kDa protein increased 2-fold versus controls, and in angiotensin II-infused rats, where the abundance of the 56 kDa protein increased 1.8-fold versus controls. The 51- and 39-kDa proteins were unchanged in both hypertensive models. In human left ventricle myocardium, UT-A proteins were detected at 97, 56, and 51 kDa. In failing left ventricle (taken at transplant, New York Heart Association class IV), the abundance of the 56-kDa protein increased 1.4-fold, and the 51-kDa protein increased 4.3-fold versus nonfailing left ventricle (donor hearts). We conclude that (1) multiple UT-A proteins are detected in rat and human heart; (2) the 56-kDa protein is upregulated in rat heart in uremia or models of hypertension; and (3) the rat results can be extended to human heart, where 56- and 51-kDa proteins are increased during heart failure.
Activated human monocytes inhibit the intracellular multiplication of legionnaires' disease bacteria
Authors: MA Horwitz, SC Silverstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

We have examined the interaction between virulent egg yolk-grown L. pneumophila, Philadelphia 1 strain, and in vitro-activated human monocytes, under antibiotic-free conditions. Freshly explanted human monocytes activated by incubation with concanavalin A (Con A) and human lymphocytes inhibited the intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila. Both Con A and lymphocytes were required for activation. Con A was consistently maximally effective at greater than or equal to 4 μg/ml. Monocytes activated by incubation with cell-free filtered supernatant from Con A-sensitized mononuclear cell cultures also inhibited the intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophil a. The most potent supernatant was obtained from mononuclear cell cultures incubated with greater than or equal to 15 μg/ml Con A for 48 h. The degree of monocyte inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication was proportional to the length of time monocytes were preincubated with supernatant (48 {greater than} 24 {greater than} 12 h) and to the concentration of supernatant added (40 percent {greater than} 20 percent {greater than} 10 percent {greater than} 5 percent). Monocytes treated with supernatant daily were more inhibitory than monocytes treated initially only. With time in culture, monocytes progressively lost a limited degree of spontaneous inhibitory capacity and also lost their capacity to respond to supernatant with inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication. Supernatant-activated monocytes inhibited L. pneumophila multiplication in two ways. They phagocytosed fewer bacteria, and they slowed the rate of intracellular multiplication of bacteria that were internalized. As was the case with nonactivated monocytes, antibody had no effect on the rate of intracellular multiplication in supernatant-activated monocytes. Neither supernatant-activated nor nonactivated monocytes killed L. pneumophila in the absence of antibody. Both killed a limited proportion of these bacteria in the presence of antibody and complement. We have previously reported that anti-L, pneumophila antibody and complement neither promote effective killing of L. pneumophila by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes nor inhibit the rate of L. pneumophila multiplication in monocytes. These findings and our present report that activated monocytes do inhibit L. pneumophila multiplication indicate that cell-mediated immunity plays a major role in host defense against Legionnaires' disease.
Evidence for a Locus on Chromosome 1 That Influences Vulnerability to Alcoholism and Affective Disorder
Authors: J I Nurnberger, T Foroud, L Flury, J Su, E T Meyer, K Hu, R Crowe, H Edenberg, A Goate, L Bierut, T Reich, M Schuckit, W Reich
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Depression (major depression or depressive syndrome) is more prevalent in alcoholic than in nonalcoholic subjects in families with multiple members with alcoholism studied as part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism). First-degree relatives of probands with comorbid alcoholism and depression have a higher prevalence of both disorders than relatives of probands with alcoholism alone, and both groups have a higher prevalence than the relatives of comparison subjects selected without regard to psychopathology. Data from the collaborative study were used to test three phenotypes (comorbid alcoholism and depression, alcoholism or depression, and depression) for genetic linkage. METHOD: Genome-wide sibling-pair linkage analyses were performed with the phenotypes comorbid alcoholism and depression, alcoholism or depression, and depression (major depression or depressive syndrome). Analyses were performed in two data sets (initial and replication data sets) from subject groups ascertained with identical criteria, as well as in the combined data set. RESULTS: Peak lod scores on chromosome 1 (near 120 centimorgan) for the alcoholism or depression phenotype were 5.12, 1.52, and 4.66 in the initial, replication, and combined data sets, respectively. The corresponding lod scores on chromosome 2 were 2.79, 0.20, and 3.26; on chromosome 6, they were 3.39, 0.00, and 0.92; and on chromosome 16, they were 3.13, 0.00, and 2.06. Lod scores on chromosome 2 for the comorbid alcoholism and depression phenotype in the three data sets were 0.00, 4.12, and 2.16, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a gene or genes on chromosome 1 may predispose some individuals to alcoholism and others to depression (which may be alcohol induced). Loci on other chromosomes may also be of interest.
Interleukin-21 Signaling: Functions in Cancer and Autoimmunity
Authors: Ian D. Davis, Kresten Skak, Mark J. Smyth, Paul E.G. Kristjansen, Dennis M. Miller, Pallavur V. Sivakumar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine with structural and sequence homology to IL-2 and IL-15, yet possesses several biological properties distinct from these cytokines. IL-21 is produced mainly by activated CD4+ T cells and natural killer T cells and mediates its activity by binding to the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R), consisting of an IL-21–specific α chain (IL-21Rα; JAK/STAT) that heterodimerizes with the common γ chain (CD132). Intracellular signaling occurs through the Janus-activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Physiologic expression of IL-21R is restricted to lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells; however, other tissues such as epithelium, synovium, or transformed cells can acquire expression of both components of IL-21R heterodimer. IL-21 has complex activities on a wide variety of cell types, leading to enhancement of adaptive T-cell immunity, antibody production, activation of natural killer cell subtypes, and opposition to suppressive effects mediated by regulatory T cells. Functionally, these activities promote immune responses and point to a physiologic role of IL-21 in autoimmunity and immune enhancement. Therapeutic manipulation of IL-21 activity may allow improved immunotherapy for cancer as well as insights into autoimmune disease. Recently conducted phase 1 trials in metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma have shown that recombinant IL-21 has a favorable safety profile and support its continued investigation as a potential anticancer drug.
The mouse fas-ligand gene is mutated in gld mice and is part of a TNF family gene cluster
Authors: David H. Lynch, Mark L. Watson, Mark R. Alderson, Peter R. Baum, Robert E. Miller, Teresa Tough, Marylou Gibson, Terri Davis-Smith, Craig A. Smiths, Kent Hunter, Deepti Bhat, Wenie Din, Raymond G. Goodwin, Michael F. Seldin
Journal: Immunity (1994)
Absorption and Hemodynamic Effects of Airway Administration of Adrenaline in Patients with Severe Cardiac Disease
Authors: Konstantinos Raymondos, Bernhard Panning, Martin Leuwer, Guido Brechelt, Thomas Korte, Michael Niehaus, Jürgen Tebbenjohanns, Siegfried Piepenbrock
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

If intravenous access cannot be attained during resuscitation of adult patients, endotracheal application of at least 2 mg of adrenaline is recommended. However, the effects of this intervention have not yet been demonstrated in adults.To demonstrate the effects of adrenaline administered through the airways.Prospective clinical trial.Operating theater at university hospital.34 patients receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillators under general anesthesia.When mean arterial pressure decreased below 80 mm Hg, 100 times the effective central intravenous dose of adrenaline (mean +/- SD, 1.3+/-0.6 mg [range, 0.7 to 3 mg]) was administered over 5 seconds into the endotracheal tube or through a bronchial catheter. Ten forced ventilations followed.Hemodynamic variables were recorded with a polygraph recorder. Adrenaline levels were measured in 13 patients.Plasma levels and arterial pressure increased in all patients (P < 0.002). Higher plasma levels (P < 0.039) and greater arterial pressure (P < 0.001) were achieved with this method than with intravenous injection. The effects of adrenaline did not differ between the two airway routes. Sustained ventricular arrhythmia did not occur.These substantial effects support the standard recommendation to consider the airways as an alternate route for at least 2 mg of adrenaline during resuscitation.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockade and Exercise Capacity in Adults With Systemic Right Ventricles
Authors: Annie Dore, Christine Houde, Kwan-Leung Chan, Anique Ducharme, Paul Khairy, Martin Juneau, François Marcotte, Lise-Andrée Mercier
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin system improves exercise tolerance in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, yet its impact on patients with systemic right ventricles (RVs) remains unknown. Methods and Results— A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was performed to assess the effects of losartan on exercise capacity and neurohormonal levels in patients with systemic RVs. Of 29 patients studied (age, 30.3±10.9 years), 21 had transposition of the great arteries with a Mustard baffle, and 8 had congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. Baseline values were as follows: V̇ o 2 max, 29.8±5.6 mL · kg −1 · min −1 (73.5±12.9% predicted value); RV ejection fraction, 41.6±9.3%; N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), 257.7±243.4 pg/mL (normal &lt;125 pg/mL); and angiotensin II, 5.7±4.9 pg/mL (normal &lt;5.0 pg/mL). Comparing losartan to placebo showed no differences in V̇ o 2 max (29.9±5.4 versus 29.4±6.2 mL · kg −1 · min −1 ; P =0.43), exercise duration (632.3±123.0 versus 629.9±140.7 seconds; P =0.76), and NT-proBNP levels (201.2±267.8 versus 229.7±291.5 pg/mL; P =0.10), despite a trend toward increased angiotensin II levels (15.2±13.8 versus 8.8±12.5 pg/mL; P =0.08). Conclusions— In adults with systemic RVs, losartan did not improve exercise capacity or reduce NT-proBNP levels. Minimal baseline activation of the renin-angiotensin system may explain this lack of benefit and imply an alternative pathophysiological mechanism for the progressive ventricular dysfunction and impaired exercise capacity observed in such patients.