tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"Allegory of the world": the ankylosed back as a metaphor for coping in daily life
Authors: A Boonen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

The gothic panel we are looking at (fig 1) is entitled “Allegory of the World” and was painted in 1515 by an anonymous master. The man portrayed reminds us of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic rheumatological inflammatory disease which can result in variable degrees of spinal kyphosis.



 Figure 1  
 “Allegory of the World”. Painting on wood, anonymous, 1515. Museum Waterburcht Anholt, Prince of …
Waiting time and transplantation for hepatocellular cancer: A balance between tempus fugit and carpe diem
Authors: Quirino Lai, Jan Lerut
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Dr. Lerut received grants from Fresenius Biotech and Takeda. To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Halazun et al.,1 in which United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) data regarding transplanted patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) coming from long waiting times regions (LWTR, n = 2,562) were combined and compared to data from short waiting times regions (SWTR, n = 3,604). Despite a higher incidence of death on the waiting list was observed in LWTR (8.4% versus 1.6%, P < 0.0001), both intent‐to‐treat and posttransplant survivals were better in this group. LWTR patients received more locoregional therapies (LRTs) and more Milan criteria‐out tumors were transplanted. Being listed/transplanted in an SWTR was an independent predictor of poor patient survival on multivariate analysis (P < 0.0001, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.545). Another recent study from the United States similarly compared 3,278 versus 1,724 HCC patients waiting ≤ or >120 days. One‐year posttransplant recurrence was significantly lower among patients waiting >120 days (2.2% versus 3.9%, P = 0.002).2 Despite that these results can apparently appear as anticonceptual from an oncological point of view—the more a patient waits for cancer treatment, the higher his/her survival—data from these large multicenter experiences are in line with previous experience, in which "fast‐track" transplantation, mainly in the scenario of living donation, is connected with worse results.3 The most commonly adopted approach presently used for selecting patients is the "ablate‐and‐wait" strategy, in which a patient is treated with LRT and then waits for transplant: if HCC remains stable or positively responds to LRT (low biological aggressiveness), the patient is transplanted; otherwise, if HCC proceeds the patient is dropped from the waiting list (high biological aggressiveness). This paradoxical statement derives from the absence of worldwide acceptable biological markers able to preoperatively select high‐risk patients for posttransplant recurrence.4 Selection factors other than tumor size and number are strongly needed to further optimize the selection of HCC patients.
Targeting the leukemic stem cell: the Holy Grail of leukemia therapy
Authors: N Misaghian, G Ligresti, L S Steelman, F E Bertrand, J Bäsecke, M Libra, F Nicoletti, F Stivala, M Milella, A Tafuri, M Cervello, A M Martelli, J A McCubrey
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Control T Helper Cell Type 1 Responses to Foreign Antigens Induced by Mature Dendritic Cells In Vivo
Authors: Guillaume Oldenhove, Magali de Heusch, Georgette Urbain-Vansanten, Jacques Urbain, Charlie Maliszewski, Oberdan Leo, Muriel Moser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Recent evidence suggests that in addition to their well known stimulatory properties, dendritic cells (DCs) may play a major role in peripheral tolerance. It is still unclear whether a distinct subtype or activation status of DC exists that promotes the differentiation of suppressor rather than effector T cells from naive precursors. In this work, we tested whether the naturally occurring CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) may control immune responses induced by DCs in vivo. We characterized the immune response induced by adoptive transfer of antigen-pulsed mature DCs into mice depleted or not of CD25+ cells. We found that the development of major histocompatibility complex class I and II–restricted interferon γ–producing cells was consistently enhanced in the absence of Treg. By contrast, T helper cell (Th)2 priming was down-regulated in the same conditions. This regulation was independent of interleukin 10 production by DCs. Of note, splenic DCs incubated in vitro with Toll-like receptor ligands (lipopolysaccharide or CpG) activated immune responses that remained sensitive to Treg function. Our data further show that mature DCs induced higher cytotoxic activity in CD25-depleted recipients as compared with untreated hosts. We conclude that Treg naturally exert a negative feedback mechanism on Th1-type responses induced by mature DCs in vivo.
Characterisation of telomerase immortalised normal human oesophageal squamous cells
Authors: C P Morales
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Oesophageal cell lines derived from malignancies have numerous genetic abnormalities and therefore are of limited value for studying the early events in carcinogenesis. Reported attempts to establish normal human oesophageal cell lines either have failed to achieve immortalisation or have achieved it by disrupting important cell functions. We have used telomerase technology to establish normal human oesophageal cell lines. <b>Methods:</b> Endoscopic biopsy specimens of normal oesophageal squamous epithelium were trypsinised, dispersed into single cell suspensions, and cocultivated with ATCC Swiss 3T3 cells. Oesophageal cells were infected with the catalytic subunit of human telomerase (hTERT) using a defective retroviral vector. The integrity of cell cycle checkpoints was tested by measuring p53 response to UV irradiation, and p16 response to infection with H-RasGV12. Expression of a differentiation marker was tested by measuring involucrin response to calcium exposure. <b>Results:</b> Cultures of uninfected oesophageal cells had weak telomerase activity at baseline but exhibited loss of telomerase activity and progressive telomere shortening before undergoing senescence between population doublings (PD) 40–45. In contrast, hTERT infected cells exhibited sustained telomerase activity and stabilisation of telomere length. These cells have reached PD 100 with no diminution in growth rate, while cell cycle checkpoint integrity and involucrin response to calcium exposure have remained intact. <b>Conclusions:</b> By introducing telomerase into normal human oesophageal squamous cells cocultivated with feeder layers, we have established a cell line that retains normal cell cycle checkpoints and normal differentiation markers. This cell line may be useful for studying the early events in oesophageal carcinogenesis.
Developing guidelines for medical students about the examination of patients under 18 years old
Authors: Tony Hope, Peggy Frith, Janet Craze, Francis Mussai, Ambika Chadha, Douglas Noble
Journal: BMJ (2005)

When the University of Oxford developed guidelines for medical students' examination of children, three areas were particularly problematic Medical students are expected to examine patients as an integral part of their clinical education, raising the issue of what should be the proper conduct of students and their teachers, and what guidelines should be provided.These questions, in the specific setting of "intimate" examinations, were raised by the publication in 2003 of a survey of students in the medical school in Bristol. 1 This survey found that in a quarter of examinations the consent procedures seemed inadequate.The authors pointed to a potential conflict between the educational needs of the students and the ethical requirements of protecting individual patients, and commentary and correspondence highlighted disagreement over the right balance. 2 3 One vital component of medical students' training involves gaining experience in examining children.We report the development in another UK medical school of guidelines for students in examining child patients and highlight three areas that were particularly problematic.
Preclinical Activity of the Oral Proteasome Inhibitor MLN9708 in Myeloma Bone Disease
Authors: Antonio Garcia-Gomez, Dalia Quwaider, Miriam Canavese, Enrique M. Ocio, Ze Tian, Juan F. Blanco, Allison J. Berger, Carlos Ortiz-de-Solorzano, Teresa Hernández-Iglesias, Anton C.M. Martens, Richard W.J. Groen, Joaquín Mateo-Urdiales, Susana Fraile, Miguel Galarraga, Dharminder Chauhan, Jesús F. San Miguel, Noopur Raje, Mercedes Garayoa
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: MLN9708 (ixazomib citrate), which hydrolyzes to pharmacologically active MLN2238 (ixazomib), is a next-generation proteasome inhibitor with demonstrated preclinical and clinical antimyeloma activity, but yet with an unknown effect on myeloma bone disease. Here, we investigated its bone anabolic and antiresorptive effects in the myeloma setting and in comparison with bortezomib in preclinical models. Experimental Design: The in vitro effect of MLN2238 was tested on osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors from healthy donors and patients with myeloma, and on osteoprogenitors derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells also from both origins. We used an in vivo model of bone marrow–disseminated human myeloma to evaluate MLN2238 antimyeloma and bone activities. Results: Clinically achievable concentrations of MLN2238 markedly inhibited in vitro osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast resorption; these effects involved blockade of RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand)-induced NF-κB activation, F-actin ring disruption, and diminished expression of αVβ3 integrin. A similar range of MLN2238 concentrations promoted in vitro osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast activity (even in osteoprogenitors from patients with myeloma), partly mediated by activation of TCF/β-catenin signaling and upregulation of the IRE1 component of the unfolded protein response. In a mouse model of bone marrow–disseminated human multiple myeloma, orally administered MLN2238 was equally effective as bortezomib to control tumor burden and also provided a marked benefit in associated bone disease (sustained by both bone anabolic and anticatabolic activities). Conclusion: Given favorable data on pharmacologic properties and emerging clinical safety profile of MLN9708, it is conceivable that this proteasome inhibitor may achieve bone beneficial effects in addition to its antimyeloma activity in patients with myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 20(6); 1542–54. ©2014 AACR.
GENERALIZED HYPERHIDROSIS FOLLOWING EPILEPSY
Authors: W. J. CUNLIFFE, C. E. JOHNSON, J. L. BURTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article GENERALIZED HYPERHIDROSIS FOLLOWING EPILEPSY Get access W. J. CUNLIFFE, W. J. CUNLIFFE University Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, 1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. E. JOHNSON, C. E. JOHNSON University Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, 1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. L. BURTON J. L. BURTON University Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, 1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 2, 1 August 1971, Pages 186–188, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb07208.x Published: 01 August 1971 Article history Accepted: 30 April 1971 Published: 01 August 1971
Distribution of surfactant proteins in proximal and distal airways
Authors: Ekaterina Mirgorodskaya, Anna Bredberg, Jamshid Pourazar, Per Larsson, Robert Linder, Anna-Carin Olin, Annelie Behndig
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Surfactant protein (SP) A and D are large multimeric proteins that belong to the collectin-family. Changes in SP-A and/or SP-D levels have been reported in acute as well as chronic inflammation, however, little is known about their distribution along the airways. The majority of existing SP-A and SP-D data comes from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) studies. The airway9s area covered by BAL collection can vary strongly depending on the sampling volumes and thus can represent both proximal and distal airways. Both surfactant proteins are involved in the innate immune defense and their pulmonary distribution might be important for providing optimal host-defense. We hypothesized that SP-A and SP-D have different pulmonary distribution between central and peripheral airways. To test this hypothesis we compared protein levels in bronchial wash (BW) and BAL samples, which represent different areas of the lungs.   Methods:  BW and BAL were sampled from 15 healthy individuals. Differential cell count was performed for all samples. Total protein concentrations were determined by Bradford assay, SP-A and SP-D concentrations by immunoassay.   Results:  Significantly different counts for neutrophils and macrophages were observed in BW than BAL (p   Conclusion:  SP-A and SP-D have different pulmonary distribution. SP-A is more evenly spread in proximal and distal airways, whereas SP-D is present at significantly higher levels in distal airways.
Measuring the effective coverage of the immunisation programme in Indonesia: using community-based surveys
Authors: Soewarta Kosen
Journal: The Lancet (2013)

BackgroundEffective coverage of obligatory public health functions, including immunisation, are important in contributing to the achievement of health-system goals. Since the enactment of decentralisation of the health sector to districts and cities in Indonesia in 2001, the coverage of complete immunisation among children aged 12–23 months has been decreasing. Findings of the recent Health Facility Survey 2010 also showed deterioration of the immunisation programme, such as poor quality of cold chain. Complete immunisation includes one BCG vaccination, three diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DPT)–hepatitis B vaccinations, four polio vaccinations, and one measles vaccination.MethodsThe population of the study was all households in Indonesia, including all districts and cities. A multistage sampling method was used. Information was obtained from one of the following: information from the mother or other household members, records from the maternal and child health handbook, road to health card, or immunisation card. Analysis includes only immunisation among children aged 12–23 months to avoid missed opportunity in children younger than than 12 months.FindingsFindings from Baseline Health Research 2007 show that many areas have low complete immunisation coverage, ranging from 17·3% (88/509) in West Sulawesi to 73·9% (319/432) in Bali, with a national average of 46·2% (14 111/30 543). Results of Baseline Health Research 2010 ranged from 28·1% (68/242) in Papua to 91·1% (42/46) in Yogyakarta, with a national average of 53·8% (3608/6706). Records of the immunisation programme showed consistently higher coverage than survey results (85·2%) because of differences of sample characteristics. The records of the immunisation programme did not randomly cover children aged 12–23 months in the area, and did not cover children living in underserved areas where services are usually poor. At the same time, there were reports of outbreaks of immunisable disease in several areas of Indonesia that supported the survey findings.InterpretationIt can be concluded that a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected samples can produce representative results with better validity than programme-based records.FundingNational Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia.
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS DIETS ON THE LIVER DAMAGE CAUSED BY EXCESS CYSTINE
Authors: David P. Earle, Joseph Victor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. The effect of 9 different diets on the liver lesions resulting from excess dietary cystine has been studied in 130 rats. 2. The incidence and severity of each of the following liver lesions were varied by changes in the composition of diets containing 5 or 10 per cent cystine: (a) Hemorrhage was least severe with low fat diets. (b) Necrosis was most severe with synthetic diets. (c) Cirrhosis was delayed by a diet high in lard, 20 per cent, and cod liver oil, 5 per cent, but not by a diet high in butter, 25 per cent. (d) Fatty infiltration was found consistently only with low protein, high fat diets. In other words, the pathogenesis of the liver lesion due to excess dietary cystine can be modified by diet. 3. In the presence of cystine as 5 per cent of a low protein, high fat diet, 1 per cent choline inhibited fatty infiltration but did not protect the liver against damage by cystine. 4. In these experiments there was no apparent correlation between fatty infiltration of the liver and the incidence or degree of cirrhosis.
The UEFA injury study: 11-year data concerning 346 MCL injuries and time to return to play
Authors: Matilda Lundblad, Markus Waldén, Henrik Magnusson, Jón Karlsson, Jan Ekstrand
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury is the most common knee ligament injury in professional football. Aim To investigate the rate and circumstances of MCL injuries and development over the past decade. Methods Prospective cohort study, in which 27 professional European teams were followed over 11 seasons (2001/2002 to 2011/2012). Team medical staffs recorded player exposure and time loss injuries. MCL injuries were classified into four severity categories. Injury rate was defined as the number of injuries per 1000 player-hours. Results 346 MCL injuries occurred during 1 057 201 h (rate 0.33/1000 h). The match injury rate was nine times higher than the training injury rate (1.31 vs 0.14/1000 h, rate ratio 9.3, 95% CI 7.5 to 11.6, p&lt;0.001). There was a significant average annual decrease of approximately 7% (p=0.023). The average lay-off was 23 days, and there was no difference in median lay-off between index injuries and reinjuries (18 vs 13, p=0.20). Almost 70% of all MCL injuries were contact-related, and there was no difference in median lay-off between contact and non-contact injuries (16 vs 16, p=0.74). Conclusions This largest series of MCL injuries in professional football suggests that the time loss from football for MCL injury is 23 days. Also, the MCL injury rate decreased significantly during the 11-year study period.
Epidermal Sensitivity to "Lanolin" and "Parabens": Occurrence in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products
Authors: Susan Evans
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article Epidermal Sensitivity to "Lanolin" and "Parabens": Occurrence in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products Get access Susan Evans Susan Evans Department of Dermatology University of Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 6, 1 June 1970, Page 625, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb06108.x Published: 01 June 1970
Serum Amyloid A as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Outcome in Women
Authors: B. Delia Johnson, Kevin E. Kip, Oscar C. Marroquin, Paul M Ridker, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Leslee J. Shaw, Carl J. Pepine, Barry Sharaf, C. Noel Bairey Merz, George Sopko, Marian B. Olson, Steven E. Reis
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Serum amyloid-alpha (SAA) is a sensitive marker of an acute inflammatory state. Like high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), SAA has been linked to atherosclerosis. However, prior studies have yielded inconsistent results, and the independent predictive value of SAA for coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and cardiovascular events remains unclear.A total of 705 women referred for coronary angiography for suspected myocardial ischemia underwent plasma assays for SAA and hs-CRP, quantitative angiographic assessment, and follow-up evaluation. Cardiovascular events were death, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, and other vascular events. The women's mean age was 58 years (range 21 to 86 years), and 18% were nonwhite. SAA and hs-CRP were associated with a broad range of CAD risk factors. After adjustment for these risk factors, SAA levels were independently but moderately associated with angiographic CAD (P=0.004 to 0.04) and highly predictive of 3-year cardiovascular events (P<0.0001). By comparison, hs-CRP was not associated with angiographic CAD (P=0.08 to 0.35) but, like SAA, was strongly and independently predictive of adverse cardiovascular outcome (P<0.0001).Our results show a strong independent relationship between SAA and future cardiovascular events, similar to that found for hs-CRP. Although SAA was independently but moderately associated with angiographic CAD, this association was not found for hs-CRP. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that systemic inflammation, manifested by high SAA or hs-CRP levels, may promote atherosclerotic plaque destabilization, in addition to exerting a possible direct effect on atherogenesis.
Molecular Basis of Neural-Specific Gene Expression
Authors: G Mandel, D McKinnon
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1993)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a prospective randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: F. Thys, J. Roeseler, M. Reynaert, G. Liistro, D.O. Rodenstein
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The aim of the present study was to clarify whether the known effects of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) in patients with respiratory failure are real or due to placebo effects and whether early application of NPPV in the emergency department leads to rapid improvement of the patients condition and outcome. A prospective randomised placebo-controlled study was conducted in 20 patients with severe acute respiratory failure (ARF) secondary to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or acute pulmonary oedema, not improving under conventional medical therapy and on the edge of intubation. Patients received either conventional medical therapy plus two-level NPPV (bi-level NPPV) or conventional medical therapy plus “placebo” NPPV. The main outcome measures involved the need for endotracheal intubation in the bi-level NPPV arm and in the placebo arm after crossing over to active NPPV. Morbidity, length of stay, mortality and the effect of the ventilatory mode on clinical, arterial-blood gas parameters, and the sternocleidomastoid muscles electromyogram (EMG) activity were also measured. The 10 patients in the active NPPV group rapidly improved and none needed intubation. Placebo NPPV resulted in no change in the clinical condition of patients that continued to worsen and the 10 patients were crossed over to active NPPV. Three patients were intubated. No differences in terms of morbidity, length of stay or mortality between the two groups were observed. Active NPPV (but not placebo NPPV) led to a rapid and significant improvement in the clinical parameters, pH and the carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood and to a decrease in respiratory frequency and sternocleidomastoid EMG activity. Early application of bi-level noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with severe acute respiratory failure, due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute pulmonary oedema, leads to a rapid improvement in clinical status and blood gases. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation had no placebo effect.