tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of one year of resistance training on the relation between muscular strength and bone density in elderly women
Authors: E C Rhodes, A D Martin, J E Taunton, M Donnelly, J Warren, J Elliot
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Objectives —There is a paucity of long term studies on exercise training in elderly women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one year of progressive resistance exercise (PRE) on dynamic muscular strength and the relations to bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly women. Methods —Forty four healthy sedentary women (mean age 68.8 years) volunteered for this study and were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group were involved in three one hour sessions a week for 52 weeks of supervised PRE to strengthen the large muscle groups of the body, while the control group were instructed to continue their normal lifestyle. The exercise circuit included three sets of eight repetitions at 75% of one repetition maximum focused on the large muscle groups. BMD was measured by dual energy x ray absoptiometry (Lunar DPX) at the lumbar spine and at three sites in the proximal femur. Other selected parameters of physical fitness were also measured. Results —Statistical analyses (analysis of covariance) showed significant strength gains (p&lt;0.01) in bilateral bench press (&gt;29%), bilateral leg press (&gt;19%), and unilateral biceps curl (&gt;20%). No significant difference between groups was evident in body weight, grip strength, flexibility, waist to hip ratio, or the sum of eight skinfolds. Significant relations (p&lt;0.05) were recorded between dynamic leg strength and the BMD of the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and the lumbar spine. Conclusions —Significant strength changes, after one year of PRE, were evident in elderly women, and the muscle increases may parallel changes in BMD; however, correlation coefficients were moderate.
Direct evidence for ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Kiyoshi Ando, Takashi Yahata, Tadayuki Sato, Hiroko Miyatake, Hideyuki Matsuzawa, Masayuki Oki, Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Takashi Tsuji, Shunichi Kato, Tomomitsu Hotta
Journal: Blood (2006)
Anxiety as a Correlate of Response to the Acute Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: U. Feske
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Given the adverse impact of anxiety on treatment outcome in unipolar depression and the paucity of data on the role of anxiety in bipolar disorder, the authors sought to determine the effect of anxiety on the acute treatment response of patients with bipolar I disorder.METHOD: The authors examined the correlates of response to the acute treatment of 124 consecutively treated patients with bipolar I disorder. Measures of anxiety included history of panic attacks and a composite variable reflecting current or past anxiety symptoms.RESULTS: History of panic attacks proved to be a significant correlate of nonremission. Anxiety, as assessed with the composite variable, was associated with longer time to remission, as was the treatment of depressive versus manic symptoms and mixed versus manic symptoms. Patients with anxiety as assessed with the composite variable and patients with a history of panic attacks reported more severe medication side effects. They also required a greater number of medications, either sequentially or in combination, in order to achieve remission.CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that anxiety is a clinically meaningful correlate of poor outcome in the acute treatment of bipolar I disorder.
Nitro-Fatty Acid Inhibition of Neointima Formation After Endoluminal Vessel Injury
Authors: Marsha P. Cole, Tanja K. Rudolph, Nicholas K.H. Khoo, Uche N. Motanya, Franca Golin-Bisello, Jeffrey W. Wertz, Francisco J. Schopfer, Volker Rudolph, Steven R. Woodcock, Subhashini Bolisetty, Muhammad S. Ali, Jifeng Zhang, Y. Eugene Chen, Anupam Agarwal, Bruce A. Freeman, Philip M. Bauer
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Fatty acid nitroalkenes are endogenously generated electrophilic byproducts of nitric oxide and nitrite-dependent oxidative inflammatory reactions. Existing evidence indicates nitroalkenes support posttranslational protein modifications and transcriptional activation that promote the resolution of inflammation.The aim of this study was to assess whether in vivo administration of a synthetic nitroalkene could elicit antiinflammatory actions in vivo using a murine model of vascular injury.The in vivo administration (21 days) of nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO(2)) inhibited neointimal hyperplasia after wire injury of the femoral artery in a murine model (OA-NO(2) treatment resulted in reduced intimal area and intima to media ratio versus vehicle- or oleic acid (OA)-treated animals,P<0.0001). Increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression accounted for much of the vascular protection induced by OA-NO(2) in both cultured aortic smooth muscle cells and in vivo. Inhibition of HO by Sn(IV)-protoporphyrin or HO-1 small interfering RNA reversed OA-NO(2)-induced inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated rat aortic smooth muscle cell migration. The upregulation of HO-1 expression also accounted for the antistenotic actions of OA-NO(2) in vivo, because inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia following femoral artery injury was abolished in HO-1(-/-) mice (OA-NO(2)-treated wild-type versus HO-1(-/-) mice, P=0.016).In summary, electrophilic nitro-fatty acids induce salutary gene expression and cell functional responses that are manifested by a clinically significant outcome, inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia induced by arterial injury.
Salivary microRNA: Discovery, Characterization, and Clinical Utility for Oral Cancer Detection
Authors: Noh Jin Park, Hui Zhou, David Elashoff, Bradley S. Henson, Dragana A. Kastratovic, Elliot Abemayor, David T. Wong
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

We have previously shown that a transcriptome is found in saliva and subpanels of these mRNAs can be used as oral cancer biomarkers. In this study, we measured the presence of microRNAs (miRNA) in saliva and determined their potential as an additional set of oral cancer biomarkers.A total of 314 miRNAs were measured using reverse transcriptase-preamplification-quantitative PCR in 12 healthy controls. Degradation pattern of endogenous and exogenous saliva miRNAs were measured at room temperature over time. Selected miRNAs were validated in saliva of 50 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and 50 healthy matched control subjects.We detected approximately 50 miRNAs in both the whole and supernatant saliva. Endogenous saliva miRNA degraded much slower compared with exogenous miRNA. Two miRNAs, miR-125a and miR-200a, were present in significantly lower levels (P < 0.05) in the saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients than in control subjects.Both whole and supernatant saliva of healthy controls contained dozens of miRNAs, and similar to saliva mRNAs, these miRNAs are stable. Saliva miRNAs can be used for oral cancer detection.
Mouse complement regulatory protein Crry/p65 uses the specific mechanisms of both human decay-accelerating factor and membrane cofactor protein.
Authors: Y U Kim, T Kinoshita, H Molina, D Hourcade, T Seya, L M Wagner, V M Holers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Normal host cells are protected from the destructive action of complement by cell surface complement regulatory proteins. In humans, decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and membrane cofactor protein (MCP) play such a biologic role by inhibiting C3 and C5 convertases. DAF and MCP accomplish this task by specific mechanisms designated decay-accelerating activity and factor I cofactor activity, respectively. In other species, including mice, structural and/or functional homologues of these proteins are not yet well characterized. Previous studies have shown that the mouse protein Crry/p65 has certain characteristics of self-protecting complement regulatory proteins. For example, Crry/p65 is expressed on a wide variety of murine cells, and when expressed on human K562 erythroleukemic cells, it prevents deposition of mouse C3 fragments on the cell surface during activation of either the classical or alternative complement pathway. We have now studied factor I cofactor and decay-accelerating activities of Crry/p65. Recombinant Crry/p65 demonstrates cofactor activity for factor I-mediated cleavage of both mouse C3b and C4b. Surprisingly, Crry/p65 also exhibits decay-accelerating activity for the classical pathway C3 convertase strongly and for the alternative pathway C3 convertase weakly. Therefore, mouse Crry/p65 uses the specific mechanisms of both human MCP and DAF. Although Crry/p65, like MCP and DAF, contains tandem short consensus repeats (SCR) characteristic of C3/C4 binding proteins, Crry/p65 is not considered to be a genetic homologue of either MCP or DAF. Thus, Crry/p65 is an example of evolutionary conservation of two specific activities in a single unique protein in one species that are dispersed to individual proteins in another. We propose that the repeating SCR motif in this family has allowed this unusual process of evolution to occur, perhaps driven by the use of MCP and DAF as receptors by human pathogens such as the measles virus.
Help from within: cardioprotective properties of hepatocyte growth factor
Authors: I Dixon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

20] ( pages 41 -50) in thisThe loss of myocytes heralds abnormally elevated issue.biomechanical stress; at the same time, or in some cases perhaps subsequent to this, activation of multiple trophic Relative volume overload in the aftermath of the acute factors occurs including angiotensin II, transforming death of large numbers of cardiac myocytes after myocar-growth factor b (TGF-b ) and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1)
AN ANALYSIS OF THE TOXIC ACTIONS OF PURIFIED STREPTOLYSIN O ON THE ISOLATED HEART AND SEPARATE CARDIAC TISSUES OF THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: Bruce A. Reitz, Denis J. Prager, George A. Feigen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The response of isolated guinea pig hearts to perfusion with purified streptolysin O is characterized by a rapid, but transient, decrease in rate and amplitude of contraction; these reactions are superimposed upon a gradual, irreversible, loss of ventricular contractility. At ventricular standstill, the atria continue to beat spontaneously in a normal way. Isolated ventricle strips prepared from such preparations can be driven electrically, and their behavior is functionally indistinguishable from that of similar preparations made from normal hearts. Tests on spontaneously beating isolated atrial pairs show that the toxin induces a dose-dependent, reversible, decline in rate and amplitude which is accompanied by a marked, but transient, increase in the velocity of repolarization of the intracellular potential. The atrial reactions were completely blocked by atropine and potentiated by eserine. Acetylcholine was detected in the perfusates obtained by incubating a large pool of atrial tissue with active toxin, supporting the inference that the transient mechanical and electrophysiological reactions to toxin might be consequences of the release of acetylcholine from these tissues by the active toxin. Control studies showed that only the active toxin had the capacity to induce the cardiac responses. The toxin was active only in the reduced but not the oxidized form. The effects of the active toxin were modified if it were heated prior to challenge, and they could be neutralized by specific antiserum and inhibited by cholesterol. Since the driven ventricle strip was mechanically and electrophysiologically insensitive to streptolysin O, the irreversible changes in the whole heart must have occurred because of a defect in the atrioventricular conduction system.
Demographics of blood pressure and hypertension in children on renal replacement therapy in Europe
Authors: A. Marijn Kramer, Karlijn J. van Stralen, Kitty J. Jager, Franz Schaefer, Enrico Verrina, Tomáš Seeman, Malcolm A. Lewis, Michael Boehm, Giacomo D. Simonetti, Gregor Novljan, Jaap W. Groothoff
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
The Value of the Electric Light Cystoscope in Lowering the Mortality of Nephrectomy
Authors: E. H. Fenwick
Journal: BMJ (1897)

ments that cats and rabbits bore a simple invagination with remarkable freedom from symptoms, and that after a varying period of time the invaginated bowel could be excised and the animal would recover.All the animals, however, to which purgatives were administered after the intestines had been invaginated died when enterectomy was performed.Clinical evidence tpaches the same, lessoni, for all the records of cases show that the symptoms have been seriously increased when the patient has been purged.The-routine treatment of intus- susception is to chloroform the patient, and steadily to fill his large intestine with hot salt solution under a hydrostatic pressure, of not more than 3 feet in a child, the fluid being allowed to remain in the intestine at least ten minutes.The earlier this method is adopted after the appearance of the symptoms the better are the results obtained, but it should not be adopted in tnteric intussusception, in cases where the symptoms are very acuite, or in those where the absence of signs or symptoms, with a subnormal temperature, leads the -surgeon to suspect that the intestine is becoming gangrenous.In these cases, and whon the intuesusception is not reduced after irrigation has twice bepn tried, and when after reduction tlle intussusception has thrice occurred, the abdomen must be opened.The surgeon must then be prepared to deal effectually with the conditions lie may find by such operative ne ins as he can carry out with the least amount of shock atid in the shortest space of time that is compatible with the safety of the patient.This will be ensured if he uses the method with which he is the most familiar.But he should bear in mind that hardly a case cati arise in which he is justi- Lied in closing the abdominal wound without at least an attempt to complete the operation by reducing or removing the intussusception.Such half mleasures as the formation of an artificial anus are hardly ever justifiable, and the results obtained by them are usually most disastrous.In the light of our present knowledge it appears that the use of a button or bobbin is most likely to give good results when enterec- tomy has to be done for an enteric intussusception, whilst Maunsell's operation is best adapted for the cure of ileo-ctecal and colo-colic forms of intussuseeption.
Effect of enhanced psychosocial care on antipsychotic use in nursing home residents with severe dementia: cluster randomised trial
Authors: Jane Fossey, Clive Ballard, Edmund Juszczak, Ian James, Nicola Alder, Robin Jacoby, Robert Howard
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of a training and support intervention for nursing home staff in reducing the proportion of residents with dementia who are prescribed neuroleptics. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised controlled trial with blinded assessment of outcome. <b>Setting</b> 12 specialist nursing homes for people with dementia in London, Newcastle, and Oxford. <b>Participants</b> Residents of the 12 nursing homes; numbers varied during the study period. <b>Intervention</b> Training and support intervention delivered to nursing home staff over 10 months, focusing on alternatives to drugs for the management of agitated behaviour in dementia. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Proportion of residents in each home who were prescribed neuroleptics and mean levels of agitated and disruptive behaviour (Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory) in each home at 12 months. <b>Results</b> At 12 months the proportion of residents taking neuroleptics in the intervention homes (23.0%) was significantly lower than that in the control homes (42.1%): average reduction in neuroleptic use 19.1% (95% confidence interval 0.5% to 37.7%). No significant differences were found in the levels of agitated or disruptive behaviour between intervention and control homes. <b>Conclusions</b> Promotion of person centred care and good practice in the management of patients with dementia with behavioural symptoms provides an effective alternative to neuroleptics.
F3-Targeted Cisplatin-Hydrogel Nanoparticles as an Effective Therapeutic That Targets Both Murine and Human Ovarian Tumor Endothelial Cells <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Ira Winer, Shouyan Wang, Youg-Eun Koo Lee, Wenzhe Fan, Yusong Gong, Daniela Burgos-Ojeda, Greg Spahlinger, R. Kopelman, Ronald J. Buckanovich
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Recent studies indicate that ovarian cancer may be highly responsive to antivascular therapeutics. We have developed an antivascular tumor therapeutic using the F3 peptide to target cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles (F3-Cis-Np) to tumor vessels. We show that although F3-Cis-Np bind with high specificity to both human ovarian tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells in vitro, they only show cytotoxic activity against the tumor endothelial cells. In vivo these nanoparticles bind primarily to tumor endothelial cells. Therapeutic studies in both flank and orthotopic i.p. murine ovarian tumor models, as well as human tumor xenograft models, show rapid tumor regression with treatment. Treatment was associated with significant vascular necrosis consistent with an antivascular effect. Furthermore, treatment was active in both platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant cell lines. Importantly, we show that F3-Cis-Np bind to human tumor endothelial cells in vitro and to human tumor vessels in vivo. Therapy targeting human vasculature in vivo with F3-Cis-Np led to near complete loss of all human tumor vessels in a murine model of human tumor vasculature. Our studies indicate that F3-targeted vascular therapeutics may be an effective treatment modality in human ovarian cancer.
Designing for topical delivery: Prodrugs can make the difference
Authors: Kenneth B. Sloan, Scott Wasdo
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2003)

Abstract It has been shown for homologous series of prodrugs that those members who were the more water soluble ones gave the greatest enhancement in topical delivery of the parent drug and not the more lipophilic ones. However, until recently models for topical delivery and equations to predict topical delivery focused only on lipid solubility (S LIPID ) or partition coefficient (K OCT:AQ ) and molecular volume (or molecular weight, MW) as parameters. Now several equations (transformed Potts–Guy or Series/Parallel) have been developed which include aqueous solubility (S AQ ) as a parameter for predicting flux through skin. Experimental fluxes, solubilities, and MW from seven series of prodrugs have been fit to the transformed Potts–Guy equation to give coefficients for log solubility in isopropyl myristate (log S IPM ) and log solubility in water (log S AQ ) (0.53 and 0.47, respectively) which show, for parent drugs delivered by prodrugs from IPM in vitro through hairless mouse skin, that water solubility is almost as important as lipid solubility. When the transformed Potts–Guy equation was fit to data for the delivery of NSAID from mineral oil (MO) in vivo through human skin, the coefficients were 0.72 log S MO and 0.28 log S AQ . When the transformed Potts–Guy equation was fit to data for the delivery of their parent drugs by three series of prodrugs from water in vitro through hairless mouse skin the coefficients were 0.66 log S IPM and 0.34 log S AQ . Numerous recent examples are also given where more water‐soluble members of homologous series of prodrugs give higher flux values from water vehicles in vitro through human skin than the more lipid soluble ones. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 23 No. 6, 763–793, 2003
Spear v. Doidge
Authors: Geo. M. Gifford
Journal: BMJ (1868)

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Survival impact of lung transplantation for COPD
Authors: S. Lahzami, P.O. Bridevaux, P.M. Soccal, J. Wellinger, J.H. Robert, H.B. Ris, J.D. Aubert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the primary indication for lung transplantation (LTx), but survival benefit is still under debate. We analysed the survival impact of LTx in COPD with a new approach, using the BODE (body mass index, airway obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity) index. We retrospectively reviewed 54 consecutive lung transplants performed for COPD. The pre-transplant BODE score was calculated for each patient and a predicted survival was derived from the survival functions of the original BODE index validation cohort. Predicted and observed post-transplant survival was then compared. In the subgroups with a BODE score >or=7 and <7, a majority of patients (66% and 69%, respectively) lived for longer after LTx than predicted by their individual BODE index. The median survival was significantly improved in the entire cohort and in the subgroup with a BODE score >or=7. 4 yrs after LTx a survival benefit was only apparent in patients with a pre-transplant BODE score of >or=7. In conclusion, while a majority of COPD patients had an individual survival benefit from LTx regardless of their pre-transplant BODE score, a global survival benefit was seen only in patients with more severe disease. This supports the use of the BODE index as a selection criteria for LTx candidates.
Induction of humoral and cellular immune responses by antigen-expressing immunostimulatory liposomes
Authors: Maryam Amidi, Mary J.G. van Helden, Neda Rafiei Tabataei, Anna L. de Goede, Marijn Schouten, Volkert de Bot, Anastasia Lanzi, Rob A. Gruters, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Alice J.A.M. Sijts, Enrico Mastrobattista
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)