tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Status in Stromal Fibroblasts, Not in Tumor Cells, Is a Significant Prognostic Factor in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shinya Ishikawa, Kazumasa Takenaka, Kazuhiro Yanagihara, Ryo Miyahara, Yozo Kawano, Yosuke Otake, Seiki Hasegawa, Hiromi Wada, Fumihiro Tanaka
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose is to assess clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 status, especially MMP-2 status, in stromal cells in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) because experimental studies have revealed that stromal MMP-2 plays important roles in progression of malignant tumors, but most clinical studies focused on tumoral MMP-2 expression, not stromal MMP-2 expression. Experimental Design: We conducted a retrospective study on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression as evaluated immunohistochemically in a total of 218 consecutive patients with completely resected pathological stage I–IIIA, NSCLC. Results: Strong MMP-2 expression in tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts were documented in 54 (24.8%) and 132 (60.6%) patients, respectively. Strong MMP-2 expression in stromal fibroblasts was more frequently seen in squamous cell carcinoma (72.7%) than in adenocarcinoma (54.9%; P = 0.016). Tumors showing strong MMP-2 expression in stromal fibroblasts showed a significantly higher intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) than weak stromal MMP-2 tumors (mean intratumoral microvessel density, 50.9 versus 32.4, P = 0.003). In addition, postoperative prognosis of strong stromal MMP-2 patients was significantly poorer than that of weak stromal MMP-2 patients (5-year survival rate, 77.5 versus 60.2%, P = 0.032), and the prognostic significance was enhanced in squamous cell carcinoma patients but disappeared in adenocarcinoma patients. Multivariate analyses confirmed that strong stromal MMP-2 expression was a significant factor to predict a poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma patients, not in adenocarcinoma patients. In contrast, MMP-2 or MMP-9 status in tumor cells was not a significant prognostic factor. Conclusions: MMP-2 status in stromal fibroblasts, not in tumor cells, was a significant prognostic factor associated with angiogenesis in NSCLC.
Outcome of Pregnancy in Women With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Willem Drenthen, Petronella G. Pieper, Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink, Willem A. van Lottum, Adriaan A. Voors, Barbara J.M. Mulder, Arie P.J. van Dijk, Hubert W. Vliegen, Sing C. Yap, Philip Moons, Tjark Ebels, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Head-to-head comparison of exercise-redistribution-reinjection thallium single-photon emission computed tomography and low dose dobutamine echocardiography for prediction of reversibility of chronic left ventricular ischemic dysfunction
Authors: Jean-Louis J. Vanoverschelde, Anne-Marie D'Hondt, Thomas Marwick, Bernhard L. Gerber, Martine De Kock, Robert Dion, William Wijns, Jacques A. Melin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Clonal heterogeneity in curetted human epidermal cancers and precancers analysed by flow cytometry and compared with histology
Authors: GERDA FRENTZ, ULLA MOLLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

DNA frequency distributions analysed by single nuclei flow cytometry were studied in sixty‐five curetted human epidermal tumours, i.e. five actinic keratoses (AK), seven Bowen's diseases (BO), nine squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), forty‐three basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and one baso‐squamous carcinoma (BSC). Seventy‐five per cent (16/21) of the samples with squamous cell differentiation (AK, BO and SCC) showed features suggestive of more than one stem cell population, against 24% of the pure BCC samples (11/43). The DNA indices for the tumours, i.e. the ratio between the DNA content of the tumour stem cell line G1 cells and normal epidermis G, cells were calculated. For BCC and SCC a preponderance was found for near‐diploid and near‐tetraploid cell clones. The precancerous lesions contained clones with more broadly scattered DNA indices. The fractions of cells in S and G2M and S + G2M phases were calculated for the samples with only one detectable stem cell population. For the squamous cell tumours and the nodular (but not the superficial) BCC, these fractions were significantly different from the unaffected skin of patients with multiple epidermal cancers. The usefulness of cell cycle fraction determinations for curetted tumours is discussed.
Accidental Poisoning in Children
Authors: W. P. Sweetnam
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Lovell ends by saying, "This epidemic disease of our time presents, above all else, a problem in preventive medicine."Can we not warn people of the circumstances which put them at increased risk through the usual media of communication ?It is very easy to say there is far too much doctor-induced illhealth among those who have suffered from cardiac infarction.2We can think of examples of patients in hospital who have had their cards sent to them by their employers, and some of our patients, once they are ill, receive no pay apart from sickness benefit, since they are not staff members.Aren't these factors likely to produce neurotic ill-health ?Further- more, it has been our experience that there are many patients who will inevitably fail under the stress of a coronary incident.-Weare, etc.,
Gene Expression and Protein Length Influence Codon Usage and Rates of Sequence Evolution in Populus tremula
Authors: P. K. Ingvarsson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Codon bias is generally thought to be determined by a balance between mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection on translational efficiency. However, natural selection on codon usage is considered to be a weak evolutionary force and selection on codon usage is expected to be strongest in species with large effective population sizes. In this paper, I study associations between codon usage, gene expression, and molecular evolution at synonymous and nonsynonymous sites in the long-lived, woody perennial plant Populus tremula (Salicaceae). Using expression data for 558 genes derived from expressed sequence tags (EST) libraries from 19 different tissues and developmental stages, I study how gene expression levels within single tissues as well as across tissues affect codon usage and rates sequence evolution at synonymous and nonsynonymous sites. I show that gene expression have direct effects on both codon usage and the level of selective constraint of proteins in P. tremula, although in different ways. Codon usage genes is primarily determined by how highly expressed a genes is, whereas rates of sequence evolution are primarily determined by how widely expressed genes are. In addition to the effects of gene expression, protein length appear to be an important factor influencing virtually all aspects of molecular evolution in P. tremula.
Notes on Antipyrin
Authors: W. T. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1888)

illness passed off rapidly; but after all fever and constitutional *symptoms had subsided, there remained a very small patch of dulness at the lower part of the right chest.The heart was not displaced, but there was the same paroxysmal cough as I have just referred to.Indeed, so paroxysmal was the cough, that it was suggested that the disease was pertussis, commencing with acute inflammatory symptoms.We determined to explore the dull patch at the base of the lung, and a hypodermic syringe re- vealed the presence of pus; four drachms were removed.The cough ceased from that moment, and the child was discharged well.Though kept for some weeks under observation there was no return of cough or chest mischief.Large effusions occurring on the right side of the chest, espe- cially when they simulate solid lung, are doubtless much more difficult to diagnose than when the fluid is on the left side.We do not gain the same help from altered positions of the heart.A large efusion may occuir on the right side and the heart beat in its normal position.Of this fact we had striking proof some months past in the case of a poor woman who was admitted -under my care.She was sent in for supposed enlargement and disease of liver, that organ being felt below the umbilicus.The enlargement, however, was apparent only, the viscus being dis- placed downwards by an enormous effusion into the right chest.thouh this effusion was sufficient to influence the position of the liver to such an extent, the apex of the heart was found beating in or about its normal position.A free exit was made for the pus whick filled the chest, and the liver returned to within two fingers' breadth of the ribs.An iInteresting case occurred to me a few months ago in the cae of a strong young man admitted under my care into the West London Hospital.The patient stated that three days before admission he had been seized with a severe shivering fit, and since the attack had had pain over the chest, with dificulty in breathing.The constitutional symptoms were of extreme severty; no physical symptoms of importance could be detected on admission.During the first week it was impossible to examine the chest with exactness, as the patient being in a state of de- lirious mania, it was with the greatest difficulty he could be kept
Relation of Plasma Glycine, Serine, and Homocysteine Levels to Schizophrenia Symptoms and Medication Type
Authors: Guy Neeman, Monica Blanaru, Boaz Bloch, Ilana Kremer, Marina Ermilov, Daniel C Javitt, Uriel Heresco-Levy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: Altered glycine and homocysteine levels may contribute to N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor dysfunction in schizophrenia. The authors measured plasma levels of these amino acids in a group of patients with chronic schizophrenia and related them to the patients' symptom profiles and types of antipsychotic medication. METHOD: Plasma levels of amino acids in 94 patients with schizophrenia were compared with those in 34 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to evaluate the patients' psychopathology. RESULTS: Plasma glycine levels and glycine-serine ratios were lower and homocysteine levels were higher in patients than in comparison subjects. Low glycine levels correlated with a greater number of negative symptoms. The glycine-serine ratios of normal subjects and patients being treated with clozapine did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that altered levels of glycine and homocysteine may coexist in patients with schizophrenia and contribute to pathophysiological aspects of this illness.
ISOLATION FROM CASES OF INFANTILE DIARRHEA OF A FILTRABLE AGENT CAUSING DIARRHEA IN CALVES
Authors: Jacob S. Light, Horace L. Hodes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

From instances of diarrhea of the newborn in four separate hospital outbreaks a filtrable agent was isolated which regularly produced diarrhea in calves. This agent appeared to have the characteristics of a filtrable virus. The four strains of virus isolated in the outbreaks studied appeared to be identical or very closely related. The virus was not found present in the stools of any of eight normal newborn infants or five normal calves. Evidence is presented that the virus may be one of the causes of epidemic diarrhea of the newborn.
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Britain
Authors: W. St. C. Symmers
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is caused by amoebae of the genera Naegleria and Hartmannella (Acanthamoeba), which ordinarily are free-living saprophytes. The infection may be acquired from fresh water—for example, while bathing—the amoebae invading the nasal mucosa and reaching the meninges and brain along the olfactory nerve filaments. The disease is designated "primary" to distinguish it from meningocerebral infection caused by the parasitic amoebae, particularly Entamoeba histolytica, which invade the central nervous system only as a result of dissemination in the blood stream from lesions in other parts of the body. During histological reappraisal of old specimens in a medical museum in London an instance of amoebic meningoencephalitis histologically indistinguishable from the published cases has been found. The specimen dates from 1909. The patient was said to be from Essex. What may have been another case, seen in Northern Ireland in 1937, is also described briefly. These observations may indicate that this disease occurs in the British Isles. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of every case of acute meningitis.
Barrett's oesophagus, proton pump inhibitors and gastrin: the fog is clearing
Authors: Ernst J Kuipers
Journal: Gut (2010)

The incidence of Barrett's oesophagus is rising rapidly.1 The presence of metaplastic tissue in the lower oesophagus is by itself an asymptomatic condition, but predisposes to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Long-term cohort studies reported that the incidence of oesophageal cancer among patients with Barrett's oesophagus approximates 4 per 1000 patient years follow-up, and that ultimately 5–7% of patients with Barrett's oesophagus die of this condition.2 The majority of patients with Barrett's oesophagus suffer from chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux, and therefore often receive proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. The effect of such treatment on Barrett's mucosa and the risk for progression to cancer have been much studied and debated. Reduction of oesophageal acid exposure decreases inflammation and proliferation, increases cell differentiation within the Barrett's segment, and might in theory reverse metaplasia, in particular in areas of ulceration. On the other hand, PPI therapy interferes with oesophageal exposure to secondary bile acids, and increases gastrin, which may induce proliferation, COX-2 upregulation, and perhaps expansion of metaplasia.3 Along this line it has been suggested that PPIs may promote progression of Barrett's metaplasia and progression to cancer. We thus have a body of seemingly conflicting research data, which are difficult to align and provide clinicians with a foggy image of this clinically relevant topic. …
Response to Letter to Regarding Article, “Effects of Novel Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitor for Treatment of Primary Hypertension: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Controlled Phase 2 Trial”
Authors: David A. Calhoun, William B. White, Henry Krum, Weinong Guo, Angelo Trapani, Martin P. Lefkowitz, Georgina Bermann, Joel Menárd
Journal: Circulation (2012)
In Vitro Self-Renewal Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Hideo Ema, Hina Takano, Kazuhiro Sudo, Hiromitsu Nakauchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Little is known about how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew. We studied the regeneration of HSCs in culture. Effects of various cytokines on cell division of CD34−/low c-Kit+Sca-1+ lineage marker–negative (CD34−KSL) bone marrow cells of the mouse were first evaluated in serum-free single cell culture. We then performed a competitive repopulation assay on divided cells to ask if such cell division involved self-renewal of HSCs. In the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO) induced a first cell division of CD34−KSL cells more efficiently than did interleukin (IL)-3 or IL-6. Multilineage repopulating cells were detected in a significant proportion of cells derived from single cells in culture with TPO and SCF, although this culture condition led to a substantial decrease in HSC number. These regenerated repopulating cells could be further transplanted into secondary recipients. When paired daughter cells were separately studied, one of a pair gave rise to repopulating cells with self-renewal potential, suggesting asymmetric self-renewal division. This study provides evidence that one HSC regenerates at least one HSC in culture.
Relationship Between Cisplatin Administration and the Development of Ototoxicity
Authors: Jeany M. Rademaker-Lakhai, Mirjam Crul, Lot Zuur, Paul Baas, Jos H. Beijnen, Yvonne J.W. Simis, Nico van Zandwijk, Jan H.M. Schellens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

To determine the auditory toxicity associated with dose- and schedule- intensive cisplatin/gemcitabine chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients.Patients were treated with gemcitabine followed by cisplatin according to an interpatient dose-escalation scheme. Patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment once a week for 6 weeks or once every 2 weeks for 4 weeks. The following cohorts of patients were treated with a reversed schedule once every 2 weeks, in which cisplatin was followed by gemcitabine. The dose-intensity of cisplatin was equal in both schedules. Audiometric evaluations were obtained for each ear at several frequencies. Mean hearing loss after cisplatin treatment was computed for each dose level at each tested frequency in each ear at baseline and subsequent follow-up audiometry. Pure tone averages (PTAs) were also calculated. The pharmacokinetics of cisplatin was determined to study the correlation among the maximum drug concentration, the area under the curve of unbound platinum, and the development of ototoxicity.A total of 328 audiograms were analyzed. At the higher frequencies, a more severe hearing impairment was recorded. Most patients showed a decrease in hearing thresholds at dosages above 60 mg/m2 cisplatin at the higher frequencies. PTAs at 1, 2, and 4 kHz show a mean hearing loss of 19 dB after cisplatin administration at dosages above 90 mg/m2. Threshold shifts at 8 and 12.5 kHz after cisplatin administration were experienced at dosages above 60 mg/m2.Hearing loss after cisplatin therapy occurs mainly at high frequencies and at cisplatin dosages more than 60 mg/m2. It is more pronounced when cisplatin is given once every 2 weeks.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Predict Survival of Patients with Advanced Melanoma: Comparison with Regulatory T Cells and NY-ESO-1- or Melan-A–Specific T Cells
Authors: Benjamin Weide, Alexander Martens, Henning Zelba, Christina Stutz, Evelyna Derhovanessian, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Michele Maio, Antje Sucker, Bastian Schilling, Dirk Schadendorf, Petra Büttner, Claus Garbe, Graham Pawelec
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

To analyze the prognostic relevance and relative impact of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) compared with functional tumor antigen-specific T cells in patients with melanoma with distant metastasis.The percentage of CD14(+)CD11b(+)HLA-DR(-/low) MDSCs, CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tregs, and the presence of NY-ESO-1- or Melan-A-specific T cells was analyzed in 94 patients and validated in an additional cohort of 39 patients by flow cytometry. Univariate survival differences were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox regression models.NY-ESO-1-specific T cells, the M-category, and the frequency of MDSCs were associated with survival. The absence of NY-ESO-1-specific T cells and the M-category M1c independently increased the risk of death. In a second Cox model not considering results on antigen-specific T cells, a frequency of >11% MDSCs showed independent impact. Its association with survival was confirmed in the additional patient cohort. Median survival of patients with a lower frequency of MDSCs was 13 months versus 8 months for others (P < 0.001, combined cohorts). We observed a strong correlation between high levels of MDSCs and the absence of melanoma antigen-specific T cells implying a causal and clinically relevant interaction. No prognostic impact was observed for Tregs.Circulating CD14(+)CD11b(+)HLA-DR(-/low) MDSCs have a negative impact on survival and inversely correlate with the presence of functional antigen-specific T cells in patients with advanced melanoma. Our findings provide a rationale to investigate MDSC-depleting strategies in the therapeutic setting especially in combination with vaccination or T-cell transfer approaches.
The Immunobiology of SARS
Authors: Jun Chen, Kanta Subbarao
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2007)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) presented as an atypical pneumonia that progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome in approximately 20% of cases and was associated with a mortality of about 10%. The etiological agent was a novel coronavirus (CoV). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is the functional receptor for SARS-CoV; DC-SIGN and CD209L (L-SIGN) can enhance viral entry. Although the virus infects the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidneys, the disease is limited to the lungs, where diffuse alveolar damage is accompanied by a disproportionately sparse inflammatory infiltrate. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, particularly IP-10, IL-8, and MCP-1, are elevated in the lungs and peripheral blood, but there is an unusual lack of an antiviral interferon (IFN) response. The virus is susceptible to exogenous type I IFN but suppresses the induction of IFN. Innate immunity is important for viral clearance in the mouse model. Virus-specific neutralizing antibodies that develop during convalescence prevent reinfection in animal models.
Endoscopic sclerotherapy using absolute alcohol.
Authors: V N Perisic
Journal: Gut (1986)

Crohn's disease in married couples SIR,-We were interested to read of Crohn's disease occurring in two married couples (Gut 1985; 26: 1086) and would like to draw attention to a further example:Mr DH, born 1931, caucasian, presented in late 1960 with abdominal pain.A laparotomy was done and revealed Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum.In February 1966 a right hemicolectomy was carried out for a stricture of the terminal ileum and an abscess in the right iliac fossa.The gross appear- ances and histology were typical of Crohn's disease.Since then he has remained well apart from a mild recurrence of symptoms in 1980.Mrs SH, born 1933, caucasian, married Mr DH in 1954.A laparotomy was done in September 1965 for pain in the right iliac fossa.Just before surgery a mass had developed in this area.The terminal ileum and caecum were involved in Crohn's disease and a right hemicolectomy undertaken, after which she made a straightforward recovery.She had no further recurrence of this condition but subsequently de- veloped a carcinoma of the breast and died in March 1985 of disseminated malignancy.Crohn's disease in both these patients followed a remarkably benign course and neither had a dis- charge from a sinus or fistula unlike in the report of Rhodes et dl.This is the fifth example and according to Rhodes and coworkers the p value for five or more
CHILD GUIDANCE CLINICS
Authors: SYDNEY KINNEAR SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1930)

"The child guidance clinic is a community agency for the study and treatment of the whole child. To be sure, the children to whom it ministers come to its care because of disordered habits, troublesome personality traits, or unacceptable behavior—intangible difficulties in the psychological rather than the physical realm. But it is the essence of the modern philosophy of mental hygiene to look upon these things merely as symptoms, as the outward manifestations of serious underlying disturbances which may be found, in the final analysis, in the mental, physical, or social spheres but which in any event are destroying the harmonious adjustment of the child to the environment." This statement is taken directly from a report by Ralph P. Truitt because it so clearly states the nature of child guidance work and may well be taken as a text in any child guidance discussion. The work of the behaviorist school—the