tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin plays a protective role in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: H Araki, T Nishihara, M Matsuda, A Fukuhara, S Kihara, T Funahashi, T R Kataoka, Y Kamada, T Kiyohara, S Tamura, N Hayashi, I Shimomura
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> Obesity is a risk factor for acute pancreatitis (AP), but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived secretory factor, has anti-inflammatory properties in addition to various biological functions, and its plasma concentrations are reduced in obese subjects. However, the role of adiponectin in AP has not been investigated. <h3>Aim:</h3> To determine the effects of adiponectin on AP. <h3>Methods:</h3> We investigated the effects of adiponectin on experimental AP by using adiponectin-knockout (APN-KO) mice and adenovirus-mediated adiponectin over-expression. AP was induced by 10 hourly intraperitoneal injections of low-dose caerulein (10 μg/kg) after 2 week feeding of normal chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) in wild-type (WT) and APN-KO mice. We evaluated the severity of AP biochemically and morphologically. <h3>Results:</h3> Low-dose caerulein treatment did not induce pancreatic damage in either WT or APN-KO mice under normal chow feeding. APN-KO mice, but not WT mice, fed a HFD and then treated with caerulein developed pancreatic damage and inflammation, accompanied by increased macrophage/neutrophil infiltration and upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor α in the pancreas. Adenovirus-mediated over-expression of adiponectin attenuated the severity of HFD/caerulein-induced AP in APN-KO mice. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Adiponectin plays a protective role in caerulein-induced AP in HFD-fed mice.
Impact of maternal use of asthma-controller therapy on perinatal outcomes
Authors: Benoit Cossette, Amélie Forget, Marie-France Beauchesne, Évelyne Rey, Catherine Lemière, Pierre Larivée, Marie-Claude Battista, Lucie Blais
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Asthma during pregnancy usually requires treatment with controller medications about which more safety information is needed. The objectives are to assess the impact of the use of long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonists (LABAs) and the dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) during pregnancy on the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PB) and small for gestational age (SGA). <h3>Methods</h3> A cohort of women with asthma giving birth from 1998 to 2008 was constructed from Québec (Canada) administrative databases. LBW was defined as weight &lt;2500 g, PB as delivery before 37 weeks’ gestation and SGA as a birth weight below the 10th percentile. The impact of the use of LABAs and the dose of ICSs during pregnancy on the outcomes was determined with generalised-estimating-equation models. <h3>Results</h3> The cohort included 7376 pregnancies: 8.8% exposed to LABAs and 56.9% exposed to ICSs. All LABA users also received ICSs. The prevalence of LBW, PB and SGA was 7.7%, 9.5% and 13.5%, respectively. LABA use was not found to be associated with increased prevalence of LBW (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.58 to 1.12), PB (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.15) or SGA (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.20). Mean ICSs doses &gt;125 μg/day (fluticasone-equivalent) were associated with a non-significant trend of increased LBW, PB and SGA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Despite the possibility of residual confounding due to uncontrolled or more severe asthma or smoking status, the use of LABA and low to moderate doses of ICSs were not associated with increased prevalence of perinatal outcomes. Additional research on higher ICSs doses is required to better evaluate their safety during pregnancy.
"Too much, too soon"
Authors: B. Husein, J. Iqbal, A. Mohammed, C. Shorrock
Journal: Gut (2009)

A 37-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of abdominal pain and vomiting with weight loss. She was otherwise fit and well, with no significant past medical history. She did not drink alcohol. She smoked 15 cigarettes a day. Her liver and renal function tests were within normal range. Initial examination was unremarkable.

Gastroscopy showed multiple gastric and duodenal ulcers. Histology excluded malignancy. CT abdomen, performed subsequently, showed pyloric thickening but no evidence of gastric outflow obstruction.

She was given proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, but continued to deteriorate over the next few months with ongoing abdominal pain and vomiting.

She was admitted to hospital after an outpatient surgical consultation for possible gastric bypass surgery due to intractable symptoms, and for parenteral feeding. There was now clear evidence of weight loss of approximately 4 stones (25 kg), which was >10% loss …
Identification of an I-J+ antigen-presenting cell required for third order suppressor cell activation.
Authors: A Lowy, A Tominaga, J A Drebin, M Takaoki, B Benacerraf, M I Greene
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

We have found that an I-J+ I-A- antigen-presenting cell (APC) is required for Ts3 activation in vivo. Together with the I-J restriction previously reported for Ts3 induction (Takaoki, M., M.-S. Sy, A. Tominaga, A. Lowy, M. Tsurifiji, B. Benacerraf, R. Finberg, and M. I. Greene, 1982, J. Exp. Med., 156:1325), it appears that this I-J+ APC is responsible for I-J restriction in the triggering of Ts3. This restriction may be exerted via a pre-Ts3 associative recognition of antigen and I-J encoded determinants, analogous to the T helper recognition of antigen in the context of I-A and I-E determinants.
TCT-750 Role of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade Therapy Following Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Sachin S. Goel, Olcay Aksoy, Penny Houghtaling, E. Murat Tuzcu, Tomislav Mihaljevic, Lars Svensson, Eugene Blackstone, Brian P. Griffin, William Stewart, Samir Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Day of injury assessment of sport-related concussion
Authors: Michael McCrea, Grant L Iverson, Ruben J Echemendia, Michael Makdissi, Martin Raftery
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective To conduct a critical review of the literature on instruments currently used in the assessment of sport-related concussion on the day of injury. Data sources Computerised searches of the literature posted to MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo and Cochrane Library from 1 January 1982 through 21 August 2012. Key words and medical embedded subheadings (MeSH) terms relevant to sport-related concussion were applied, which identified 577 articles. Study selection In addition to MeSH term and key word criteria, a study was included in the analysis if the article: (1) was published in English, (2) represented original research, (3) pertained to sport-related concussion (ie, not non-sports traumatic brain injury), (4) included assessment or diagnostic data collected within 24 h of the injury event and (5) involved human research. A total of 41 studies qualified for review. Data extraction All articles were examined to determine if the study met the additional requirements for inclusion. A standardised method was used to document critical elements of the study design, population, tests employed and key findings. Data synthesis A large number of studies were analysed that reported data from testing conducted within 24 h of injury. These studies collectively demonstrated that a number of instruments are capable of measuring the acute effects of concussion across several domains, such as symptoms, cognition and balance. Results Relating to specific assessment domains are compiled in separate tables and an interpretive summary of the findings is provided. Conclusions Several well-validated tests are appropriate for use in the assessment of acute concussion in the competitive sporting environment. These tests provide important data on the symptoms and functional impairments that clinicians can incorporate into their diagnostic formulation, but they should not solely be used to diagnose concussion.
The Role of Clusterin in Amyloid-β–Associated Neurodegeneration
Authors: Rahul S. Desikan, Wesley K. Thompson, Dominic Holland, Christopher P. Hess, James B. Brewer, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Ole A. Andreassen, Linda K. McEvoy, Bradley T. Hyman, Anders M. Dale
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Converging evidence indicates that clusterin, a chaperone glycoprotein, influences Alzheimer disease neurodegeneration. However, the precise role of clusterin in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis is still not well understood.
Does Anti-IgE Therapy Help in Asthma? Efficacy and Controversies
Authors: Pedro C. Avila
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2006)

Omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against IgE, is clinically efficacious when it neutralizes almost all free IgE and reduces IgE receptors on basophils and mast cells. Asthmatic subjects on inhaled corticosteroids who are treated with omalizumab as an add-on therapy experience only modest benefits in symptoms and perhaps in quality of life, but the most significant effects are reductions in airway inflammation and in exacerbation rate. Airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness do not change significantly. Although the magnitude of the beneficial effects is small, they are observed even in the most severe cases, particularly the reduction in exacerbation rate. The safety profile of omalizumab is very encouraging, although phase IV studies are ongoing to clarify the incidence of neoplasias. Because of its cost, omalizumab therapy may be most cost-effective in patients with severe and refractory asthma, particularly those with frequent exacerbations requiring hospital care. Further clinical studies are now evaluating the best place for omalizumab in the algorithm of asthma management.
DIAGNOSIS OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS
Authors: L. C. Rivett
Journal: BMJ (1933)

SEPSIST BrEDICAL ._TiLl soaking for two minutes in a strong antiseptic, such as a 2 per cent.solution of lysol or dettol or iodine, or a 0.2 per cent.solution of biniodide of mercurv in spirit.(This state- ment is not intended to apply to spore-bearing bacteria, althlough in most cases these also would be completely eliminated.)
Positive anti-cyclic citrullinated proteins and rheumatoid factor during active lung tuberculosis
Authors: O Elkayam
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To determine the prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated proteins (anti-CCP) and IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) in sera of patients with TB compared with healthy controls.47 consecutive patients with recently diagnosed active pulmonary TB and 39 healthy controls were studied. Data were collected by questionnaire on clinical features of the disease, duration of symptoms, fever, cough, arthralgia, myalgia, sicca symptoms. Serum samples were collected from patients before starting treatment for TB and frozen at -20 degrees C. Anti-CCP and IgM RF were evaluated by ELISA.The mean (SD) duration of TB related symptoms was 4.4 (1.7) months, 73% had fever, 94% a cough. Rheumatic symptoms were relatively rare: arthralgia (4%), myalgias (4%), eye and mouth dryness (2% and 9%, respectively). Mean (SD) levels of anti-CCP were significantly increased in patients with TB compared with controls: 44.9 (51) IU v 20 (7.3) IU (p = 0.002). Serum levels >40 U were found in 15/47 (32%) patients compared with 1/39 (2.6%) controls (p = 0.002). Mean (SD) serum levels of IgM RF were significantly increased in patients with TB: 17.8 (19) v 4.3 (5) (p<0.0001). IgM RF was positive (>6 IU) in 29/47 (62%) patients v 1/39 (2.6%) controls (p<0.0001).A significant proportion of patients with active TB have an increased titre of anti-CCP and IgM RF.
Bone Marrow Transplantation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Chronic Phase
Authors: J M Goldman, R P Gale, M M Horowitz, J C Biggs, R E Champlin, E Gluckman, R G Hoffmann, S J Jacobsen, A M Marmont, P B McGlave
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Data on 405 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia who received bone marrow transplants in chronic phase were analyzed for factors predictive of outcome. The 4-year actuarial probability of relapse was 19% (95% confidence interval [Cl], 12% to 28% ) and of survival, 55% (95% Cl, 50% to 60%). In multivariate analyses the probability of relapse was higher for recipients of T-cell-depleted bone marrow compared with recipients of non-T-cell-depleted bone marrow (relative risk, 5.4; P < 0.0001) and for patients who did not develop chronic graft-versus-host disease with patients who did (relative risk, 3.1; P < 0.01). The probability of survival was lower for patients who developed moderate to severe acute graft-versus-host disease than for patients with no or mild acute graft-versus-host disease (relative risk, 3.7; P < 0.0001), and in patients aged 20 or older than in younger patients (relative risk, 2.6; P < 0.0002). Duration of disease before transplant was not associated with outcome. Bone marrow transplantation done in the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia offers some patients prolonged leukemia-free survival. The Tcell-depleted grafts are associated with an increased probability of relapse.
Whole-genome analysis of gene expression associates the ubiquitin-proteasome system with the cardiomyopathy phenotype in disease-sensitized congenic mouse strains
Authors: Boris T. Ivandic, Sergey E. Mastitsky, Frank Schönsiegel, Raffi Bekeredjian, Roland Eils, Norbert Frey, Hugo A. Katus, Benedikt Brors
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Penetrance and phenotypic expressivity of cardiomyopathies are modulated by modifier genes both in model systems and patients. We aimed to dissect the disease-modifying mechanisms by examining genome-wide gene expression in a new set of mouse (Mus musculus) congenic strains. Mutant alleles of the genes calsarcin-1 (Myoz2), sarcoglycan-delta (Sgcd), and muscle LIM protein (Csrp2) were each transferred onto inbred strain backgrounds C57BL/6, C3H/He, 129S1/Sv, and FVB/N, respectively. At 9–10 weeks of age, left ventricular pump function (fractional shortening, FS) was determined by echocardiography in non-sedated congenic animals. Gene expression was then analysed in myocardial tissue using the Affymetrix Mouse 430.2 microarray platform. Variance stabilization, linear mixed-effects modelling, correlations, gene functional classification, and pathway analysis were conducted using the standard software. Strain background FVB/N appeared to protect against the consequences of gene inactivation. Sgcd-deficient congenics showed normal FS, which was consistent with their hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype. Animals with other allele/background combinations developed an impaired ventricular pump function (FS <65%). Gender did not influence FS significantly, yet it determined the sets of genes that were differentially expressed in mice with low FS. In particular, genes encoding the elements of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) were strongly correlated with the cardiac impairment (absolute Spearman r≥ 0.7) in both males and females. Gene expression profiling in a novel set of congenic strains revealed an association between the UPS and myocardial contractile function, indicating that the UPS may be an important modifier of phenotypic variability in cardiomyopathies.
A STUDY OF THE ACTION OF ACONITIN ON THE MAMMALIAN HEART AND CIRCULATION
Authors: S. A. Matthews
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1897)

The action of aconitin on the dog's heart, therefore, seems to consist in: 1. A stimulation of the inhibitory mechanism, especially of the centres in the medulla oblongata. 2. An increase in the irritability of the muscle of the auricle and the ventricle, which leads to independent contractions of one or both of these divisions and culminates in fibrillary contractions in the ventricle. The first of these is the only effect seen in the therapeutic use of the drug, and aconitin may, therefore, be considered to be indicated when it is desirable to stimulate the inhibitory centre without acting on the heart muscle. Of course it has a further effect on the circulation through the stimulation of the vaso-motor centre, but this would appear to be of minor importance.
New Neuro-Oncology Practice Journal to Launch in 2014
Authors: S. Chang, W. K. A. Yung
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

We are excited to announce the launch of Neuro-Oncology Practice, a quarterly journal focused on the clinical aspects of neuro-oncology. Last year, Oxford Journals issued a supplement of Neuro-Oncology (Volume 14, Supplement 4, 2012) with articles dedicated solely to applied neuro-oncology. Topics ranged from palliative care and quality of life to molecular markers and ongoing developments in personalized medicine. The overwhelmingly positive response from our readership made clear the need for a journal devoted to clinical issues in neuro-oncology. Both the Society of Neuro-Oncology and Oxford University Press have collaborated on launching this new journal, due to launch in March 2014, as a complement to Neuro-Oncology.

Neuro-Oncology Practice will retain the multi-national emphasis that was an integral part of the initial supplement so that we may continue to share and compare findings from different medical systems and societies. The editorial board will include prominent members of the Society for Neuro-Oncology, the European Association for Neuro-Oncology, and the Asian Society for Neuro-Oncology.

The new journal aims to be a resource for practicing clinicians and healthcare specialists from a variety of disciplines, including physicians, nurses, physical and occupational therapists, neuropsychologists, and palliative care specialists, who have dedicated their careers to clinical patient care and who want to apply the latest treatment advances to their practice.


Issues will focus on topics such as 


Applying new trial results to improve standards of patient care;


Translating scientific advances such as tumor molecular profiling and advanced imaging into clinical treatment decision making and personalized brain tumor therapies; and


Raising awareness in the areas of symptom management, survivorship, neurocognitive function, end-of-life issues, and caregiving.



The launch of this exciting new journal reflects the ongoing growth of the neuro-oncology field and the increasingly pressing need to address practical issues in patient care. We believe that Neuro-Oncology Practice will complement Neuro-Oncology's research focus and will serve as a valuable guide for the professionals dedicated to neuro-oncology patient care.
Differentially expressed microRNAs in the serum of cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients before and after surgery
Authors: Wen-Tao Wang, Ya-Nan Zhao, Jin-Xing Yan, Mei-Ying Weng, Yan Wang, Yue-Qin Chen, Shun-Jia Hong
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2014)

The purpose of this study was to detect the serum microRNAs (miRNAs) that are differentially expressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients and negative controls, with a focus on the miRNA profiles of the patients before and after surgery. The aim of the study is to evaluate the potential of these miRNAs as novel markers for the post-therapeutic monitoring of cervical SCC patients. A total of 765 serum miRNAs from 10 cervical SCC patients before surgery, 10 cervical SCC patients after surgery, and 10 negative controls were profiled using a TaqMan MicroRNA Array. A set of selected differentially expressed miRNAs were further analyzed in the patients at different perioperative periods, including preoperative, 1 week postoperative, and one month postoperative. The results showed that several serum miRNAs were differentially expressed in the cervical SCC patients compared with the negative controls, including miR-646, miR-141* and miR-542-3p. More importantly, we found that levels of specific serum miRNAs were deregulated in the pre- and postoperative stages, and these miRNAs could be useful for post-therapeutic monitoring of disease progression. Finally, we depicted a regulatory network of differentially expressed serum miRNAs, and many possible target genes were predicted in the estrogen-mediated signal pathways, supporting the hypothesis that cervical SCC is a hormone-associated gynecological disease. Our study demonstrated that the circulating miRNAs miR-646, miR-141* and miR-542-3p could potentially serve as non-invasive biomarkers for cervical SCC. The levels of these specific miRNAs might be useful for the post-therapeutic monitoring of disease progression. This is the first report showing that circulating miRNAs could serve as biomarkers for the therapeutic intervention of cervical SCC.
Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stromal cells in age-related osteoporosis
Authors: Ali Mirsaidi, Konstantin Genelin, Jolanda R. Vetsch, Scott Stanger, Felix Theiss, Richard A. Lindtner, Brigitte von Rechenberg, Michael Blauth, Ralph Müller, Gisela A. Kuhn, Sandra Hofmann Boss, Hannes L. Ebner, Peter J. Richards
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Three hospital PFI schemes are delayed while government looks at their cost
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Several private finance initiative (PFI) schemes for hospitals are likely to be reviewed as the UK government becomes increasingly worried about the financial state of the NHS.

In what is seen as a test case of the government's resolve to cut back in a financially tight NHS, a last minute review was due to report—as the BMJ went to press—on the proposed £1.2bn ($2.1bn; €1.8bn) PFI scheme to refurbish St Bartholomew's and the Royal London hospitals.

The review of the affordability of the scheme was initiated by the Department of Health and the Treasury just before Christmas. This was despite initial approval from North East London Strategic Health Authority and nearby primary care trusts for the scheme.

An agreement was due to be signed with the developer around the time the review was announced, and builders are on site ready to start work.

Two other PFI schemes, …