tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
National Trends in Hospitalization of Youth With Intentional Self-Inflicted Injuries
Authors: Mark Olfson, Marc J Gameroff, Steven C Marcus, Ted Greenberg, David Shaffer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined national trends from 1990 to 2000 in the utilization of community hospital inpatient services by young people (5–20 years of age) with intentional self-inflicted injuries. METHOD: Discharge abstracts from a nationally representative sample of community hospitals were analyzed, with a focus on youth discharges (N=10,831) with a diagnosis of intentional self-inflicted injury (ICD-9-CM: E950–E959). Census data were used to derive national population-based rates of self-inflicted injuries requiring inpatient treatment. Overall population-based trends in hospitalizations for self-inflicted injury were calculated and stratified by gender and age. Among youths hospitalized with a self-inflicted injury, trends were also calculated for length of stay, inpatient costs, method of injury, and associated mental disorder diagnoses. RESULTS: The annual hospitalization rate of youths with self-inflicted injuries declined from 49.1 per 100,000 in 1990 to 44.9 per 100,000 in 2000, and the mean length of inpatient stay significantly declined from 3.6 days to 2.7 days. Among the hospitalized patients, there were increases in the rate of cutting (4.3% to 13.2%) and ingestion of acetaminophen (22.1% to 26.9%), antidepressants (10.0% to 14.0%), and opiates (2.3% to 3.3%) as a cause of injury, whereas there were decreases in the ingestion of salicylates (14.9% to 10.2%) and barbiturates (1.5% to 0.7%). There were significant increases in the proportion of subjects with primary mental disorder discharge diagnoses of depressive disorder (29.2% to 46.0%), bipolar disorder (1.3% to 8.2%), and substance use disorder (5.4% to 10.7%) and significant decreases in the rate of adjustment disorders (22.2% to 11.4%) and nonmental disorders (31.9% to 13.6%). After excluding cutting, which may be more closely related to self-mutilation than suicidal self-injury, the annual hospitalization rate of youths with self-inflicted injuries declined from 47.2 per 100,000 in 1990 to 39.4 per 100,000 in 2000. CONCLUSIONS: Over the decade of study, young people admitted to community hospitals with self-inflicted injuries tended to have more severe psychiatric diagnoses and to be treated during shorter inpatient stays. These trends suggest that the role of youth inpatient care has narrowed, becoming focused on those with severe psychiatric disorders.
RELATION OF THROMBOPHLEBITIS MIGRANS TO THROMBO-ANGITIS OBLITERANS
Authors: A. L. d'Abreu
Journal: BMJ (1934)

rMIEDICLJRNAL 101Jprevented him from working for ten weeks.During the next three years he limped slightly, and experienced " tightening feelings " in the right calf, with stiffness on occasions.Even- tually pain occurred in the calf on exercise, and he was unable to walk far without resting.His foot was cold in the winter months.In October, 1928, he complained of persistent burning paiIi in the right big toe, and he was admitted to hospital with commencing gangrene of this toe.In spite of periarterial sympathectomy and removal of the toe, amputa- tion through the right thigh was necessary in May, 1929.In April, 1930, a similar series of symptoms occurred in the left lower limb, and in November, 1930, amputation through the left thigh was performed.November, 1931, marked the commencement of trouble in
Molecular determinants of reperfusion-induced leukocyte adhesion and vascular protein leakage.
Authors: I Kurose, D C Anderson, M Miyasaka, T Tamatani, J C Paulson, R F Todd, J R Rusche, D N Granger
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The adherence and emigration of leukocytes have been implicated as a rate-limiting step in the microvascular dysfunction associated with reperfusion of ischemic tissues. The objective of the present study was to define the relation between leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and albumin leakage in rat mesenteric venules exposed to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Leukocyte adherence and emigration as well as albumin extravasation were monitored in single post-capillary venules using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Ischemia (0, 10, 15, or 20 minutes) was induced by complete occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, and all parameters were monitored for 30 minutes after reperfusion. The magnitude of the leukocyte adherence and emigration and albumin leakage elicited by I/R was positively correlated with the duration of ischemia. The albumin leakage response was also highly correlated with the number of adherent and emigrated leukocytes. Monoclonal antibodies against the adhesion glycoproteins CD18, CD11b, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (at 10 and 30 minutes), and L-selectin (at 10 minutes), but not P- or E-selectin, reduced I/R-induced leukocyte adherence and emigration as well as albumin leakage. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates were formed in postischemic venules; the number of aggregates was reduced by antibodies against P-selectin, CD11b, CD18, and ICAM-1, but not E- or L-selectin. These results indicate that reperfusion-induced albumin leakage is tightly coupled to the adherence and emigration of leukocytes in postcapillary venules. This adhesion-dependent injury response is primarily mediated by CD11b/CD18 on activated neutrophils and ICAM-1 on venular endothelium and appears to require L-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling.
Sputum colour and bacteria in chronic bronchitis exacerbations: a pooled analysis
Authors: Marc Miravitlles, Frank Kruesmann, Daniel Haverstock, Renee Perroncel, Shurjeel H. Choudhri, Pierre Arvis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

We examined the correlation between sputum colour and the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECBs). Data were pooled from six multicentre studies comparing moxifloxacin with other antimicrobials in patients with an AECB. Sputum was collected before antimicrobial therapy, and bacteria were identified by culture and Gram staining. Association between sputum colour and bacteria was determined using logistic regression. Of 4,089 sputum samples, a colour was reported in 4,003; 1,898 (46.4%) were culture-positive. Green or yellow sputum samples were most likely to yield bacteria (58.9% and 45.5% of samples, respectively), compared with 18% of clear and 39% of rust-coloured samples positive for potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Factors predicting a positive culture were sputum colour (the strongest predictor), sputum purulence, increased dyspnoea, male sex and absence of fever. Green or yellow versus white sputum colour was associated with a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 15% for the presence of bacteria. Sputum colour, particularly green and yellow, was a stronger predictor of potentially pathogenic bacteria than sputum purulence and increased dyspnoea in AECB patients. However, it does not necessarily predict the need for antibiotic treatment in all patients with AECB.
STUDIES ON CELL LINES DEVELOPED FROM THE TISSUES OF PATIENTS WITH GALACTOSEMIA
Authors: Robert S. Krooth, Arnold N. Weinberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Cell lines were developed from biopsies on galactosemic and non-galactosemic patients. It was shown that one can discriminate between lines from the two types of donors by their relative growth in glucose and galactose and by their ability to oxidize galactose-1-C(14). The latter method was successful in distinguishing a heterozygous cell line from the normal ones. Sensitivity of galactosemic cells to galactose was suggested by some of the experiments. The kinetics of growth were in some ways reminiscent of a similar phenomenon in the transferase mutants of E. coli, though in the human cells the effect was much less marked.
Abstract 2831: Induction of CXCL9/Mig expression in the tumor microenvironment promotes protective antitumor immune responses.
Authors: Anton Gorbachev, Danielle Kish, Robert Fairchild
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Despite intense efforts to design immunotherapeutic strategies, the success of cancer immunotherapy remains extremely limited. Major factors limiting immune responses to tumors include insufficient activation of tumor-reactive effector T cells, poor intra-tumor recruitment of effector T cells, and/or suppression of their functions within the tumor. One mediator involved in effector T cell activation and recruitment to inflammatory sites is the T cell chemoattractant chemokine CXCL9/Mig. Our recent studies in murine models of aggressive skin cancer (cutaneous sarcoma and melanoma) have indicated that these tumors cease the production of CXCL9/Mig as a result of immunoediting mediated by T cells and IFN-g. The consequence of Mig deficiency in the tumor microenvironment is the increased resistance of immunoedited Mig-deficient tumor variants to T cell-mediated immunity. Here we demonstrated that inducing constitutive expression of Mig within Mig-deficient tumors by delivery of Mig-encoding retroviral vector promotes protective anti-tumor immune responses and results in rejection of cutaneous tumors. This modulation of intra-tumor Mig expression induced potent tumor-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated responses capable of complete tumor elimination and subsequent protection to tumor re-challenge. Furthermore, the delivery of Mig-overexpressing tumor cells as a vaccine into mice with established cutaneous tumors induced systemic anti-tumor immune responses that suppressed growth of established tumors. This therapeutic effect correlated with the presence of dendritic cells (DC) in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) that were very potent in the activation of tumor antigen-specific IFN-g producing T cells. These results suggest that besides the recruitment of effector T cells into the tumor, tumor-derived Mig enhances activation of these T cells possibly by affecting tumor-infiltrating DC that acquire tumor antigens and then migrate into TDLN to prime tumor-specific effector T cells. Therefore, Mig might be a potent component of vaccines aimed to boost anti-tumor immunity in patients with aggressive skin cancers deficient in the expression of this chemokine. Citation Format: Anton Gorbachev, Danielle Kish, Robert Fairchild. Induction of CXCL9/Mig expression in the tumor microenvironment promotes protective antitumor immune responses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2831. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2831
Prognosis of Retrograde Dissection From the Descending to the Ascending Aorta
Authors: Shuichiro Kaji, Takashi Akasaka, Minako Katayama, Atsushi Yamamuro, Kenji Yamabe, Koichi Tamita, Maki Akiyama, Nozomi Watanabe, Kazuo Tanemoto, Shigefumi Morioka, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Natural history of aortic dissection (AD) with intimal tear in the descending or abdominal aorta and retrograde extension into the ascending aorta (retrograde AD) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate medium-term prognosis of patients with retrograde AD.Study population consisted of 109 patients with acute type A AD. There were 27 patients (25%) with retrograde AD and 82 patients (75%) with intimal tear in the ascending aorta (antegrade AD). In antegrade AD patients, 60 patients underwent surgery and 22 patients were treated medically. In retrograde AD patients, 14 patients showed localized crescentic high attenuation area along the ascending aortic wall without enhancement in computed tomography. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed complete thrombosis of false lumen (FL) in the ascending aorta (retrograde thrombosed). The remaining 13 patients showed incomplete or no thrombosis (retrograde nonthrombosed). All retrograde nonthrombosed AD patients underwent surgery except for 1 patient with stroke, whereas all retrograde thrombosed AD patients were treated medically. In-hospital mortality rate of retrograde AD patients was significantly lower than that of antegrade AD patients (15% versus 38%, P=0.027). The survival rates in retrograde AD patients were all 85% at 1, 2, and 5 years, which were significantly higher than those of antegrade AD patients (63%, 62%, and 57%, respectively)(P=0.009).Patients with type A retrograde AD have better medium-term prognosis than patients with antegrade AD. Retrograde AD patients with thrombosed FL in the ascending aorta could be treated medically with timed surgical repair.
Gemcitabine and vinorelbine as second-line treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer progressing after first-line taxane-based chemotherapy: A phase II study conducted by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: C. Nicolaides, M.A. Dimopoulos, E. Samantas, D. Bafaloukos, C. Kalofonos, G. Fountzilas, E. Razi, P. Kosmidis, N. Pavlidis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Small Integrin Binding Ligand <b> <i>N</i> </b>-Linked Glycoprotein Gene Family Expression in Different Cancers
Authors: Larry W. Fisher, Alka Jain, Matt Tayback, Neal S. Fedarko
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Members of the small integrin binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) gene family have the capacity to bind and modulate the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The expression levels of five SIBLING gene family members [bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP)] and certain MMPs were determined using a commercial cancer array. Experimental Design: Cancer profiling arrays containing normalized cDNA from both tumor and corresponding normal tissues from 241 individual patients were used to screen for SIBLING and MMP expression in nine distinct cancer types. Results: Significantly elevated expression levels were observed for BSP in cancer of the breast, colon, stomach, rectum, thyroid, and kidney; OPN in cancer of the breast, uterus, colon, ovary, lung, rectum, and thyroid; DMP1 in cancer of the breast, uterus, colon, and lung; and dentin sialophosphoprotein in breast and lung cancer. The degree of correlation between a SIBLING and its partner MMP was found to be significant within a given cancer type (e.g., BSP and MMP-2 in colon cancer, OPN and MMP-3 in ovarian cancer; DMP1 and MMP-9 in lung cancer). The expression levels of SIBLINGs were distinct within subtypes of cancer (e.g., breast ductal tumors compared with lobular tumors). In general, SIBLING expression increased with cancer stage for breast, colon, lung, and rectal cancer. Conclusions: These results suggest SIBLINGs as potential markers of early disease progression in a number of different cancer types, some of which currently lack vigorous clinical markers.
Comprehensive Analysis Of Offending Milk Protein Components In Non-IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies By Antigen-Specific Lymphocyte Proliferation Test
Authors: Tetsuo Shoda, Ichiro Nomura, Hideaki Morita, Akio Matsuda, Hirohisa Saito, Kenji Matsumoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Defining Determinants of Pancreatic Cancer Risk: Are We Making Progress?
Authors: Brian M. Wolpin, Meir J. Stampfer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, and 80% – 85% of patients have incurable disease at the time of diagnosis. Furthermore, more than 95% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer will ultimately die from the disease, highlighting the urgent need for novel insights into pancreatic tumorigenesis. Why has progress been so slow in defi ning predisposing factors for pancreatic cancer? First, its incidence rate is relatively low, when compared with other leading causes of cancer-related death, such as colorectal or breast cancer, so that fewer cases are available for study. Second, case – control studies have proved diffi cult. The rapid and nearly universal demise of patients with pancreatic cancer increases the susceptibility of retrospective studies to recall bias, selection bias, and exposure misclassifi cation, particularly when using proxy (ie, next of kin) respondents to collect eligibility and exposure data. In addition, studies in which plasma samples are collected at the time of diagnosis are diffi cult to interpret, due to the large alterations in patient nutritional and functional status caused by this malignancy. Third, although studies of families with high rates of pancreatic cancer have identifi ed several predisposing genetic variants, these variants are rare and contribute little to the overall population burden of pancreatic cancer. Fourth, no screening tests have been able to detect pancreatic cancer at an early, more treatable stage, leaving some to question whether risk factor identifi cation will impact patient outcomes, in the absence of a clear commitment to risk fac
One fibre or many; what causes mesothelioma?
Authors: A Seaton
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Tattersfield et al 1 and Walsh et al 2 offer important information about the possible adverse affects of corticosteroids on bone mineral density (BMD).Tattersfield and her colleagues reported no change in BMD with inhaled corticosteroids for mild asthma, while Walsh et al found a dose related increase in the incidence of fractures in those taking oral corticosteroids.We would like to report our study of BMD in patients with airways disease, which reinforces these findings and highlights men as being particularly at risk.We prospectively studied 100 consecutive outpatients (44 men) with steroid responsive airways disease.The formulation and cumulative dose of corticosteroid was recorded in each individual, together with all prescribed prophylaxis for osteoporosis.Bone mineral density was measured in the non-dominant forearm.We found no relationship between inhaled corticosteroid dose and BMD.Mean BMD was significantly reduced in those on oral as opposed to inhaled steroids.In men the mean Z scores for those on inhaled and oral corticosteroids were 0.1 and -0.6, respectively (p=0.07), while women had mean Z scores of 0.5 and -0.3 for inhaled and oral corticosteroids, respectively (p=0.016).Our patient numbers were insufficient to confirm a dose response.The surprising result was that men were more likely to meet the WHO criteria for osteoporosis than women (25% v 12.5%).This result is explained at least in part by the use of prophylaxis which was prescribed to 21 women but to only two men.Of those on regular oral steroids, only 5.5% of men received prophylaxis compared with 62.5% of women.Similar results have been reported in other chronic diseases, with a greater reduction in BMD being reported in men with cystic fibrosis. 3 Unfortunately it appears to have been assumed that men are protected from osteoporosis by virtue of their gender.When chronic disease is treated with oral corticosteroids, both men and women are equally at risk of osteoporosis and all should be considered for prophylaxis.
Role of MEN2A-Derived RET in Maintenance and Proliferation of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: M. Drosten, G. Hilken, M. Bockmann, F. Rodicker, N. Mise, A. N. Cranston, U. Dahmen, B. A. J. Ponder, B. M. Putzer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Dominant-activating mutations in the RET protooncogene, a receptor tyrosine kinase, have been identified as a cause of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Such oncogenic RET mutations induce its ligand-independent constitutive trans-autophosphorylation. We investigated the role of endogenous oncogenic RET autophosphorylation in maintaining the neoplastic phenotype in medullary thyroid carcinoma cells and orthotopic medullary thyroid carcinomas in RET transgenic mice. Methods: We constructed adenoviral vectors expressing a dominant-negative truncated form of RET, termed RET ΔTK , and analyzed its effect on cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation of TT medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. We investigated the effect of RET ΔTK on downsteam signaling by assessing alterations in phosphorylation or in gene expression. The effect of RET ΔTK in primary medullary thyroid carcinomas in transgenic mice was assessed by monitoring tumor growth. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Cell viability was reduced. Phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), components of downstream signal transduction pathways, was abolished, and cell cycle progression was reduced. Expression of cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 was decreased, and expression of cell cyle regulators p21 CIP1/WAF1 and p27 KIP1 was increased. Apoptosis was stimulated and concurrently the expression of BCL-2 was decreased. All in vitro experiments compared TT cells expressing RET ΔTK with untreated control cells or control vector-treated cells. Furthermore, 2 weeks after injecting adenovirus-carrying RET ΔTK into thyroid glands of transgenic mice with orthotopic medullary thyroid carcinoma, tumors were statistically significantly smaller than their initial size in mice treated with RET ΔTK (43.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 30.7% to 56.5%; P = .010; two-sided unpaired Student's t test), whereas tumors in mice treated with a control vector were larger than their initial size (139.8%, 95% CI = 120.3% to 159.3%; P <.001). Conclusion: Selective disruption of oncogenic RET signaling in medullary thyroid carcinoma in vitro and in vivo is associated with loss of the neoplastic phenotype of medullary thyroid carcinoma and should be investigated further as the basis for new therapeutic approaches for this disease.
Influence of menstrual status on fluid replacement after exercise induced dehydration in healthy young women.
Authors: R J Maughan, M McArthur, S M Shirreffs
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

To determine whether fluid replacement after exercise induced dehydration varies over the normal menstrual cycle.Five subjects, with a regular menstrual cycle lasting 28 (SEM 2) d, were dehydrated by 1.8(0.1)% of their pre-exercise mass by cycle exercise in the heat. Trials were undertaken 2 d before (trial -2) and 5 and 19 d after the onset of menses (trials 6 and 20 respectively). After exercise, subjects ingested a fixed volume, equivalent to 150% of mass loss, of a commercially available sports drink over a 60 min period.Cumulative urine output [median (range)] over the 6 h following ingestion was the same on all trials: 714(469-750) ml on trial -2; 476(433-639) ml on trial 6; 534(195-852) ml on trial 20. There was no menstrual cycle effect on urinary electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl-) excretion or serum electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl-) concentrations. Plasma volume increased by 8-12% of the postexercise value following rehydration. The percentage of ingested fluid retained did not differ between trials at any time. Six hours after drink ingestion, net fluid balance was not different from the initial value on any of the trials.Acute replacement of exercise induced fluid losses is not affected by the normal menstrual cycle.