tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Routine Bone Marrow Biopsy Has Little or No Therapeutic Consequence for Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography–Staged Treatment-Naive Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly, Francesco d'Amore, Karen Juul Mylam, Peter de Nully Brown, Martin Bøgsted, Anne Bukh, Lena Specht, Annika Loft, Victor Iyer, Karin Hjorthaug, Anne Lerberg Nielsen, Ilse Christiansen, Charlotte Madsen, Hans-Erik Johnsen, Martin Hutchings
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

To investigate whether bone marrow biopsy (BMB) adds useful information to [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) staging in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).Newly diagnosed patients with HL undergoing a pretherapeutic staging that encompasses both PET/CT and BMB were included in this retrospective study. The pattern of skeletal FDG uptake was categorized as uni-, bi-, or multifocal (≥ three lesions). Clinical stage, risk assessment, and treatment plan were determined with and without the contribution of BMB results according to the Ann Arbor classification and the guidelines from the German Hodgkin Study Group.A total of 454 patients with HL were included of whom 82 (18%) had focal skeletal PET/CT lesions and 27 (6%) had positive BMB. No patients with positive BMB were assessed as having stage I to II disease by PET/CT staging. BMB upstaged five patients, assessed as being stage III before BMB; none of the 454 patients would have been allocated to another treatment on the basis of BMB results. Focal skeletal PET/CT lesions identified positive and negative BMBs with a sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 86%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of focal skeletal PET/CT lesions for BMB results were 28% and 99%, respectively.A consistent finding of this study was the absence of positive BMBs in PET/CT-assessed stage I to II disease. The omission of staging BMB would not have changed the risk assessment or treatment strategy in this cohort of 454 newly diagnosed patients with HL.
THE INFLUENCE OF A DIET, HIGH IN BUTTER FAT, ON GROWTH, BLOOD FORMATION AND BLOOD DESTRUCTION
Authors: Gulli Lindh Muller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1928)

The conception that a diet high in fat in some way influences blood formation and blood destruction, especially in pernicious anemia and in the anemias of infants, has been voiced repeatedly, and it has been recently re-stated by Minot and Murphy-(1).The uncertainty, however, as to the effect of fat on the blood and blood-forming organs is well illustrated in the literature.Minot and Murphy (1) empirically exclude most fat from the diet of pernicious anemia patients, while Koessler and associates (2) recommend a diet for the same disease in which approximately two-thirds of the caloric intake is in form of fat, mainly derived from dairy products.The theory that the blood forming organs are harmfully affected by excess fat and fatty.acidsderived especially from milk and its prod- ucts is, in a measure, supported by the prevalence of pernicious anemia in countries where the dairy industry and consequent consumption of dairy products occupy a prominent place.Moreover, pernicious anemia patients are usually well nourished in contrast to those suffer- ing from other diseases associated with anemia, and histories of these patients show in many instances a choice of food rich in fat (1).Gib- son and Howard (3) state that patients with pernicious anemia do not do well when butter is added to their diet.Hammarsten (4) points out that fat peopte as a rule tend to have less hemoglobin than thin people.Czerny -(5a) claimsthat injurious agents present in milk produce anemia in infants.These agents are said to be fatty acids which cause-an increase of blood destruction (6).As proof for this is cited the improvement which takes place as soon as milk is limited and other food products substituted.Stoeltzner (7) pointed out that a severe hemolytic -anemia could be produced in children by goat's 521
Maturation-Dependent Acquired Coronary Structural Alterations and Atherogenesis in the Dahl Sodium-Sensitive Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Charles R. Kiefer, James B. McKenney, Jane F. Trainor, L. Michael Snyder
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The Dahl sodium-sensitive hypertensive rat exhibits atherogenic lesions after the initiation of a high-sodium/high-fat diet. This study was designed to gauge the effect of a preadolescent high-fat diet on the postadolescent rate of atherogenesis after supplementation of the diet with sodium.Fifty-three Dahl S male rats were assigned to 2 dietary groups for the postweaning to early adolescence period (3 to 12 weeks): 29 to a standard diet (low-fat/low-sodium) and 24 to a high-fat/low-sodium diet. At age 9 weeks (just after puberty), animals from the high-fat group exhibited a relatively diminished density of coronary elastic fibers. There was no evidence of either lipid or monocytic infiltration of the subendothelial space. At age 12 weeks, most or all of the remaining animals in both groups were switched to a high-sodium/high-fat diet and were sampled through the following 8 weeks for the appearance of arterial lipid. After the switch, the high-fat-conditioned animals developed more extensive atherosclerotic pathological lesions more rapidly than their prepubertal standard-diet counterparts. The importance of the animal's stage of maturation in this effect was underscored by the observation that delaying onset of the high-fat diet to early adolescence resulted in no ultimate difference from the pubertal controls in elastic fiber density.The maturation-dependent high-fat conditioning of these postweanling rats correlated with an accelerated rate of atherogenesis on the initiation of the high-sodium/high-fat diet, possibly as a direct result of an alteration in arterial elasticity.
Somatic Acquisition and Signaling of &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;TGFBR1&lt;/EMPH&gt;*6A in Cancer
Authors: Boris Pasche
Journal: JAMA (2005)

TGFBR1*6A is a common polymorphism of the type I transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFBR1). Epidemiological studies suggest that TGFBR1*6A may act as a tumor susceptibility allele. How TGFBR1*6A contributes to cancer development is largely unknown.To determine whether TGFBR1*6A is somatically acquired by primary tumors and metastases during cancer development and whether the 3-amino acid deletion that differentiates TGFBR1*6A from TGFBR1 is part of the mature receptor or part of the signal sequence and to investigate TGFBR1*6A signaling in cancer cells.Tumor and germline tissues from 531 patients with a diagnosis of head and neck, colorectal, or breast cancer recruited from 3 centers in the United States and from 1 center in Spain from June 1, 1994, through June 30, 2004. In vitro translation assays, MCF-7 breast cancer cells stably transfected with TGFBR1*6A, TGFBR1, or the vector alone, DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells that endogenously carry TGFBR1*6A, and SW48 colorectal cancer cells that do not carry TGFBR1*6A.TGFBR1*6A somatic acquisition in cancer. Determination of the amino terminus of the mature TGFBR1*6A and TGFBR1 receptors. Determination of TGF-beta-dependent cell proliferation.TGFBR1*6A was somatically acquired in 13 of 44 (29.5%) colorectal cancer metastases, in 4 of 157 (2.5%) of colorectal tumors, in 4 of 226 (1.8%) head and neck primary tumors, and in none of the 104 patients with breast cancer. TGFBR1*6A somatic acquisition is not associated with loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, or a mutator phenotype. The signal sequences of TGFBR1 and TGFBR1*6A are cleaved at the same site resulting in identical mature receptors. TGFBR1*6A may switch TGF-beta growth inhibitory signals into growth stimulatory signals in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and in DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells.TGFBR1*6A is somatically acquired in 29.5% of liver metastases from colorectal cancer and may bestow cancer cells with a growth advantage in the presence of TGF-beta. The functional consequences of this conversion appear to be mediated by the TGFBR1*6A signal sequence rather than by the mature receptor. The results highlight a new facet of TGF-beta signaling in cancer and suggest that TGFBR1*6A may represent a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
Prevalence and Trends in Overweight Among US Children and Adolescents, 1999-2000
Authors: Cynthia L. Ogden
Journal: JAMA (2002)

The prevalence of overweight among children in the United States increased between 1976-1980 and 1988-1994, but estimates for the current decade are unknown.To determine the prevalence of overweight in US children using the most recent national data with measured weights and heights and to examine trends in overweight prevalence.Survey of 4722 children from birth through 19 years of age with weight and height measurements obtained in 1999-2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional, stratified, multistage probability sample of the US population.Prevalence of overweight among US children by sex, age group, and race/ethnicity. Overweight among those aged 2 through 19 years was defined as at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific body mass index (BMI) for age growth charts.The prevalence of overweight was 15.5% among 12- through 19-year-olds, 15.3% among 6- through 11-year-olds, and 10.4% among 2- through 5-year-olds, compared with 10.5%, 11.3%, and 7.2%, respectively, in 1988-1994 (NHANES III). The prevalence of overweight among non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American adolescents increased more than 10 percentage points between 1988-1994 and 1999-2000.The prevalence of overweight among children in the United States is continuing to increase, especially among Mexican-American and non-Hispanic black adolescents.
Possible Role of α-Cell Insulin Resistance in Exaggerated Glucagon Responses to Arginine in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Naomi Tsuchiyama, Toshinari Takamura, Hitoshi Ando, Masaru Sakurai, Akiko Shimizu, Ken-ichiro Kato, Seiichiro Kurita, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Inappropriate excessive secretion of glucagon, which contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia, is a novel target for the treatment of diabetes. In this study, we sought to determine the factors associated with exaggerated glucagon secretion in response to an arginine challenge in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Changes in circulating C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) after an arginine challenge were investigated in 35 patients with type 1 diabetes, 130 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 35 nondiabetic control subjects.No significant differences were found in the basal level and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of IRG (AUC(IRG)) among type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and nondiabetic subjects. However, there was an inverse correlation between the AUC(IRG) and the AUC of CPR (AUC(CPR)) for type 1 (r = -0.388, P = 0.023) and type 2 (r = 0.396, P < 0.0001) diabetic patients, whereas AUC(IRG) was not correlated with AUC(CPR) in nondiabetic subjects (r = -0.079, P = 0.655). In type 1 diabetic patients, the AUC(CPR) decreased and the AUC(IRG) increased with increasing disease duration. In type 2 diabetic patients, both AUC(IRG) and AUC(CPR) increased with increasing BMI, basal CPR level, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance value.Our findings suggest that the pathophysiology of the exaggerated glucagon response differs between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Intraislet insulin deficiency and alpha-cell insulin resistance may be the primary contributors to this condition in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.
Dexamethasone Suppression Test Findings in Subjects With Personality Disorders: Associations With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depression
Authors: Robert Grossman, Rachel Yehuda, Antonia New, James Schmeidler, Jeremy Silverman, Vivian Mitropoulou, Nelly Sta. Maria, Julia Golier, Larry Siever
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies using the 1.0-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in subjects with personality disorders have produced mixed results. However, these studies focused on major depression and did not consider the possible effects of the comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD has been shown to be associated with increased cortisol suppression. To investigate the effect of PTSD, the authors conducted a 0.5-mg DST, which is more sensitive than the 1.0-mg DST for detection of increased cortisol suppression, in a group of subjects with personality disorders. METHOD: Subjects with personality disorders (N=52) ingested 0.5 mg of dexamethasone. Pre- and postfasting blood samples were drawn for measurement of cortisol levels. A three-way analysis of covariance was used to test for the main effects of major depression, PTSD, and gender on percent cortisol suppression, with plasma dexamethasone concentration as a covariate. Secondary analyses assessed for main and interaction effects of age at which trauma(s) occurred and a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. RESULTS: Neither major depression nor gender had a significant effect on percent cortisol suppression. Subjects with PTSD had significantly higher percent cortisol suppression than subjects with major depression. Age at which trauma(s) occurred and a borderline personality disorder diagnosis had no significant main or interaction effects on cortisol suppression. CONCLUSIONS: A high level of cortisol suppression was associated with PTSD in subjects with personality disorder. This finding is similar to published findings for PTSD subjects without personality disorders. Major depression, gender, age when trauma(s) occurred, and a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder did not have significant main or interaction effects on cortisol suppression.
Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus by Excision and Primary Closure
Authors: A. J. H. Rains
Journal: BMJ (1959)

ATROPINE CIGARETTES IN ASTHMA BIC 171 experiments (Table III) it has been shown that the effect of both substances is complementary. SummaryAtropine administered locally in cigarette smoke or wet aerosols increases the vital capacity and gives a feeling of relief in cases of mild or moderate chronic asthma and emphysema.The effective dose probably lies below 0.4 mg. of atropine sulphate.Atropine is easily administered by smoking.This method of administration is simple; as the dosage can be accurately controlled, it is preferable to that of wet aerosols and of stramonium cigarettes.
Characterization of <i>ERG</i>, <i>AR</i> and <i>PTEN</i> Gene Status in Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gerhardt Attard, Joost F. Swennenhuis, David Olmos, Alison H.M. Reid, Elaine Vickers, Roger A'Hern, Rianne Levink, Frank Coumans, Joana Moreira, Ruth Riisnaes, Nikhil Babu Oommen, George Hawche, Charles Jameson, Emilda Thompson, Ronald Sipkema, Craig P. Carden, Christopher Parker, David Dearnaley, Stan B. Kaye, Colin S. Cooper, Arturo Molina, Michael E. Cox, Leon W.M.M. Terstappen, Johann S. de Bono
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Hormone-driven expression of the ERG oncogene after fusion with TMPRSS2 occurs in 30% to 70% of therapy-naive prostate cancers. Its relevance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains controversial as ERG is not expressed in some TMPRSS2-ERG androgen-independent xenograft models. However, unlike these models, CRPC patients have an increasing prostate-specific antigen, indicating active androgen receptor signaling. Here, we collected blood every month from 89 patients (54 chemotherapy-naive patients and 35 docetaxel-treated patients) treated in phase I/phase II clinical trials of an orally available, highly specific CYP17 inhibitor, abiraterone acetate, that ablates the synthesis of androgens and estrogens that drive TMPRSS2-ERG fusions. We isolated circulating tumor cells (CTC) by anti–epithelial cell adhesion molecule immunomagnetic selection followed by cytokeratin and CD45 immunofluorescence and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. We used multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization to show that CRPC CTCs, metastases, and prostate tissue invariably had the same ERG gene status as therapy-naive tumors (n = 31). We then used quantitative reverse transcription–PCR to show that ERG expression was maintained in CRPC. We also observed homogeneity in ERG gene rearrangement status in CTCs (n = 48) in contrast to significant heterogeneity of AR copy number gain and PTEN loss, suggesting that rearrangement of ERG may be an earlier event in prostate carcinogenesis. We finally report a significant association between ERG rearrangements in therapy-naive tumors, CRPCs, and CTCs and magnitude of prostate-specific antigen decline (P = 0.007) in CRPC patients treated with abiraterone acetate. These data confirm that CTCs are malignant in origin and indicate that hormone-regulated expression of ERG persists in CRPC. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):2912–8]
Predictive Value of Admission Hemoglobin A1c on Inpatient Glycemic Control and Response to Insulin Therapy in Medicine and Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Francisco J. Pasquel, Ricardo Gomez-Huelgas, Isabel Anzola, Festus Oyedokun, J. Sonya Haw, Priyathama Vellanki, Limin Peng, Guillermo E. Umpierrez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

High hemoglobin A1c (A1C) levels are associated with poor clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. Recent guidelines have recommended performing A1C measurements in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia to differentiate between stress hyperglycemia and undiagnosed diabetes, to assess the level of glycemic control prior to admission in patients with diabetes, and to tailor appropriate diabetes therapy regimens at hospital discharge (1).

To study the predictive role of admission A1C on inpatient glycemic control in medical and surgical hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes, we combined inpatient data from four randomized controlled trials of patients treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen (2–5). We adopted the definition of optimal glycemic control as a combination of blood glucose (BG) levels below 180 mg/dL without hypoglycemia (BG <70 mg/dL) after 24 h of insulin therapy. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the …
COMPLETE BALANCE STUDIES OF NITROGEN, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS, CALCIUM, AND MAGNESIUM IN INTESTINAL INFANTILISM
Authors: F. H. McCrudden, Helen L. Fales
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

In two cases of infantilism there was poor absorption from the intestines of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. The excretion of these elements in the urine was low. The excretion of calcium in the urine was so small as to be negligible. The excretion of calcium into the intestines was increased. The complete balance experiments showed that while other elements were retained, calcium was lost.
Small-molecule survivin inhibitor YM155 enhances radiosensitization in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by the abrogation of G2 checkpoint and suppression of homologous recombination repair
Authors: Qin Qin, Hongyan Cheng, Jing Lu, Liangliang Zhan, Jianchao Zheng, Jing Cai, Xi Yang, Liping Xu, Hongcheng Zhu, Chi Zhang, Jia Liu, Jianxin Ma, Xizhi Zhang, Shengbin Dai, Xinchen Sun
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2014)

Survivin is overexpressed in cancer cells and plays a crucial role in apoptosis evasion. YM155, a small-molecule inhibitor of survivin, could enhance the cytotoxicity of various DNA-damaging agents. Here, we evaluated the radiosensitizaion potential of YM155 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Cell viability was determined by CCK8 assay. The radiosensitization effect of YM155 was evaluated by clonogenic survival and progression of tumor xenograft. Cell cycle progression was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Radiation-induced DNA double strand break (DSB) and homologous recombination repair (HRR) were detected by the staining of γ-H2AX and RAD51, respectively. Expression of survivin and cell cycle regulators was detected by Western blot analysis.YM155 induced radiosensitization in ESCC cell lines Eca109 and TE13, associated with the abrogation of radiation induced G2/M checkpoint, impaired Rad51 focus formation, and the prolongation of γ-H2AX signaling. G2/M transition markers, including the activation of cyclinB1/Cdc2 kinase and the suppression of Cdc2 Thr14/Tyr15 phosphorylation were induced by YM155 in irradiated cells. The combination of YM155 plus irradiation delayed the growth of ESCC tumor xenografts to a greater extent compared with either treatment modality alone.Our findings suggest that the abrogation of G2 checkpoint and the inhibition of HRR contribute to radiosensitization by YM155 in ESCC cells.
Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Sandra V Navarra, Renato M Guzmán, Alberto E Gallacher, Stephen Hall, Roger A Levy, Renato E Jimenez, Edmund K-M Li, Mathew Thomas, Ho-Youn Kim, Manuel G León, Coman Tanasescu, Eugeny Nasonov, Joung-Liang Lan, Lilia Pineda, Z John Zhong, William Freimuth, Michelle A Petri
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Validity of 20-MST for predicting VO2max of adult Singaporean athletes.
Authors: J Sproule, C Kunalan, M McNeill, H Wright
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

This investigation compared the results of direct and indirect measurements of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of an Asian population. Twenty subjects (16 male, 4 female), all of whom were physical education students, were assessed directly using laboratory treadmill running to determine VO2max. The indirect estimation of VO2max was obtained using a modified form of the Leger and Lambert 20-m multistage shuttle run test (20-MST). Heart rates were recorded throughout both tests. Pearson product moment correlations confirmed test-retest reliability for both direct and indirect measurements (r = 0.90 and r = 0.91 respectively). Differences for test-retest were found to be not significant. No differences were found between the maximal heart rate responses of the subjects for the direct and indirect tests. Of the subjects 75% had a lower predicted VO2max value (P < 0.01) compared with results gained by direct measurements when the Ramsbottom norms for the 20-MST were used. The reasons for this difference could be due to the different racial groups used as subjects, the climatic conditions in Singapore, or the small sample size. In order for the 20-MST test to be considered a valid measure of aerobic fitness in Singapore with an Asian population further study is recommended.