tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EpCAM-based flow cytometry in cerebrospinal fluid greatly improves diagnostic accuracy of leptomeningeal metastases from epithelial tumors
Authors: Bojana Milojkovic Kerklaan, Dick Pluim, Mijke Bol, Ingrid Hofland, Johan Westerga, Harm van Tinteren, Jos H. Beijnen, Willem Boogerd, Jan H. M. Schellens, Dieta Brandsma
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Moderate diagnostic accuracy of MRI and initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology analysis results in at least 10%–15% false negative diagnoses of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) of solid tumors, thus postponing start of therapy. The aim of this prospective clinical study was to determine the diagnostic value of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)–based flow cytometry versus cytology in CSF for the diagnosis of LM in patients with epithelial tumors. Patients with a clinical suspicion of LM but a negative or inconclusive MRI in whom a diagnostic lumbar puncture has to be performed were included. At least 5 mL of CSF for cytology, 5 mL for flow cytometry, 2 mL for cell count and biochemistry, and 8 mL whole blood samples for circulating tumor cells measurements and biochemistry were drawn. Tumor cells in CSF and whole blood were detected by multiparameter flow cytometry using EpCAM antibody. In total 29 eligible patients were enrolled in the study. Thirteen patients were ultimately diagnosed with LM. The flow cytometry assay showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for diagnosing LM, while sensitivity of CSF cytology was only 61.5%. Cell count or biochemical parameters in CSF were abnormal in 100% of patients with LM. Our results suggest that the EpCAM-based flow cytometry assay is superior to CSF cytology for the diagnosis of LM in patients with an epithelial tumor, a clinical suspicion of LM, and a nonconclusive MRI. Confirmation of these data is needed in a larger dataset to recommend dual CSF diagnostics for LM. NCT01713699.
Awareness and penetration of <i>KRAS</i> mutation testing in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: F. Ciardiello, B. Wohlschlegel, T. Teague, D. Mercadante
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e14074 Background: The tumor mutation status of codons 12 and 13 of the KRAS gene is a predictive biomarker in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). KRAS testing may be used to direct epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting monoclonal antibody therapy to those pts most likely to benefit. This represents a significant change to standard diagnostic procedures and a major advance in relation to personalizing cancer care in this setting. Methods: A survey of physicians in 20 countries in Europe, Latin America and Asia was conducted to investigate the awareness, penetration and uptake of KRAS testing for pts with mCRC. Physicians answered questions on four or more of their recently treated pts. Data from 2009 (fieldwork Feb-May) were compared with similar information collected during 2008 (fieldwork Jan-Apr). Results: Globally in 2009, of 1,254 responding physicians, 1,083 (86%) reported an awareness of KRAS testing in this setting, most commonly in relation to cetuximab administration (53%). As to when such testing would be requested, this was on a routine basis in relation to mCRC diagnostics for 23% of responders, and prior to choice of first-, second- or third-line therapy, respectively for 43%, 30% and 21% of physicians, with 20% considering testing only if EGFR therapy was planned. Tumor KRAS mutational status was reportedly evaluated in 1,895 of 4,517 pts (42%), with 59% of tumors being assessed as wild-type. This contrasts with the 117/4,599 pts (2.5%) reported as tested in the 2008 survey, demonstrating the rapid adoption and uptake of KRAS testing after the ASCO 2008 publication of KRAS-related clinical data for the EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab. Globally, of those whose tumors were KRAS wild-type, 44% subsequently received cetuximab, 8% received bevacizumab and 2% received panitumumab, compared respectively with 3%, 2% and 0% in the 2008 survey. Conclusions: Most physicians are aware of the major significance of KRAS mutation testing in relation to personalizing anticancer therapy for pts with mCRC. KRAS testing is widely recognized as part of the routine diagnostic procedure for this disease, and is mainly performed before the choice of first-line treatment is made. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Merck Serono Merck Serono, Roche AstraZeneca, Merck Serono
Overall Survival in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer in the US Veterans Health Administration: Is PIVOT Generalizable?
Authors: Philip V. Barbosa, I-Chun Thomas, Sandy Srinivas, Mark K. Buyyounouski, Benjamin I. Chung, Glenn M. Chertow, Steven M. Asch, Todd H. Wagner, James D. Brooks, John T. Leppert
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Subgroup analysis of GEICAM 9906 trial comparing six cycles of FE<sub>90</sub>C (FEC) to four cycles of FE<sub>90</sub>C followed by 8 weekly paclitaxel administrations (FECP): Relevance of HER2 and hormonal status (HR)
Authors: Á. Rodríguez-Lescure, M. Martín, A. Ruiz, E. Alba, L. Calvo, J. L. García-Asenjo, M. Guitian, A. de la Cruz, I. Aranda, E. de Álava
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

10598 Background: GEICAM 9906 interim analysis showed FECP improved disease-free survival (DFS) compared to FEC (SABCS 2005, abstract #39). As a secondary objective, predictive markers were centrally determined and DFS of subgroups analyzed. A prior report from CALGB 9344 trial suggested that patients (pt) with HER2+ tumors get the maximum benefit with adjuvant P (ASCO 2006, abstract #510). We aimed to confirm this finding in our dataset. Methods: 1248 node + pt received 6 q3wk cycles (cy) of FEC (600/90/600 mg/m 2 ) or 4 cy of same FEC followed by 8 wk cy of P (100 mg/m 2 ). Tumor paraffin-embedded blocks were prospectively collected from 889 pt (71%) for Tissue Microarrays. Statistical analysis used Kaplan-Meier estimates for DFS by treatment group at a median follow-up (FU) of 65 months (m). HER2 status was evaluated by FISH. HR status was determined by IHC, following Allred criteria. Results: At a median of 65 m FU, DFS for FECP remains better than FEC (79% vs. 72%; p=0.0042; HR= 0.71). HER2: DFS for HER2+ and HER2- pt were 66% vs. 78% (p=0.0008; HR= 0.60). HER2+ subgroup (n=177): DFS with FECP and FEC were 63% vs. 70% [p=0.5187, HR=1.18 (0.71–1.98)]. HER2- subgroup (n=712): FECP was significantly better than FEC [82% vs. 74%, p=0.0075; HR=0.65 (0.48–0.89)]. HR: DFS for HR+ and HR- pt were 80% vs. 68% (p&lt;0.0001; HR= 0.52). HR+ subgroup (n=561): DFS with FECP and FEC were 82% vs. 79%, [p=0.2162; HR=0.79 (0.54–1.15)]. HR- subgroup (n=311): DFS was 72% vs. 65% [p=0.1633, HR=0.76 (0.51–1.12)]. DFS data in the four HER2/HR subgroups is summarized in the table . Conclusions: FECP is superior to FEC mostly in HER2-HR- (triple negative) tumors. Our subgroup analysis does not support the superiority of the paclitaxel-containing arm (FECP) in pt with HER2 positive tumors. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
ABO Blood Group and Risk of Thromboembolic and Arterial Disease
Authors: Senthil K. Vasan, Klaus Rostgaard, Ammar Majeed, Henrik Ullum, Kjell-Einar Titlestad, Ole B.V. Pedersen, Christian Erikstrup, Kaspar Rene Nielsen, Mads Melbye, Olof Nyrén, Henrik Hjalgrim, Gustaf Edgren
Journal: Circulation (2016)

ABO blood groups have been shown to be associated with increased risks of venous thromboembolic and arterial disease. However, the reported magnitude of this association is inconsistent and is based on evidence from small-scale studies.We used the SCANDAT2 (Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions) database of blood donors linked with other nationwide health data registers to investigate the association between ABO blood groups and the incidence of first and recurrent venous thromboembolic and arterial events. Blood donors in Denmark and Sweden between 1987 and 2012 were followed up for diagnosis of thromboembolism and arterial events. Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios as measures of relative risk. A total of 9170 venous and 24 653 arterial events occurred in 1 112 072 individuals during 13.6 million person-years of follow-up. Compared with blood group O, non-O blood groups were associated with higher incidence of both venous and arterial thromboembolic events. The highest rate ratios were observed for pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism (incidence rate ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.77-2.79), deep vein thrombosis (incidence rate ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.80-2.05), and pulmonary embolism (incidence rate ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.71-1.88).In this healthy population of blood donors, non-O blood groups explain >30% of venous thromboembolic events. Although ABO blood groups may potentially be used with available prediction systems for identifying at-risk individuals, its clinical utility requires further comparison with other risk markers.
Commentary: Britain does better than germany before patients reach hospital
Authors: J R Siewert, U Fink
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objectives:To examine the time taken to diagnose oesophageal or gastric cancer, identify the source of delay, and assess its clinical importance Design: Study of all new patients presenting to one surgical unit with carcinoma of the oesophagus or stomach.Setting: University department of surgery in a large teaching hospital.Subjects: 115 consecutive patients (70 men, mean age 66 years) with carcinoma of the oesophagus (27) or stomach (88).Main outcome measures: Interval from the onset of symptoms to histological diagnosis, final pathological stage of the tumour, and whether potentially curative resection was possible. Results:The median delay from first symptoms to histological diagnosis was 17 weeks (range 1 to 168 weeks).25% (29/115) of patients had a delay of over 28 weeks (median 39 weeks).Total delay was made up of the following components: delay in consulting a doctor (29%), delay in referral (23%), delay in being seen at hospital (16%), and delay in establishing the diagnosis at the hospital (32%).No relation was found between delay in diagnosis and tumour stage in patients with gastric cancer, but for oesophageal cancer those with stage I and II disease were diagnosed within 7 weeks compared with 21 weeks (P < 0.02) for those with stage III and IV disease.Conclusions: Long delays still occur in the diagnosis of patients with cancer of the stomach or oesophagus.Streamlined referral and investigation pathways are needed if patients with gastric and oesophageal carcinomas are to be diagnosed early in the course of the disease.
The incidence, treatment and the most common complications associated with acute lymphoplastic leukemia (ALL) among sudanese major populations
Authors: F. M. Hassan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6746 Background ALL is a type of blood cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes(a type of white blood cell). This type of cancer usually gets worse quickly if it is not treated, so it increased among sudanese Blood cancer Patients. Aim To evaluation of ALL among major Sudanese Population. Materials and Methods This study was done during the period of April 2003 to October 2003 in the Radio Isotope Centre Khartoum(RICK). We respectively analyzed 77 Patients (male and female) aging in three groups (21 years) suffering from acute lymphoplastic leukemia were attending to Radio Isotope Centre Khartoum to having treatment, against 20 apparently healthy individuall setting as control groups. Blood samples were collected from each patient and control in EDTA anticoagulant, and processed for TWBCs and Platelets count. Results TWBSc was significantly higher (>10X109/L) among 60% of ALL patients(n = 42), while platelets significantly decreased in ragne of (50 - 150X109 /L) in 70% of patients (n = 54) when compared to control groups. The ALL incidence distrubution in Sudan 60% of the cases in Khartoum State and central sudan, the total remains incidence were distrubuted in all over Sudanese states. ALL incidence at the different ages and ALL types, the type L1 increased (72%)among age groups of 2–15 years(n = 55) and types L2 and L3(28%) of ALL patients in above 16 years(n = 22), and detected no association between ALL and sex. 60% of ALL patients showed well responsed to chemotherapy(n = 46), 40% were poor responsed(n = 31). The results showed that the incidence of ALL complication during the disease 85% due to infections(n = 65) and 15% as the results of bleeding problems(n = 12). Conclusion The data suggested there were good correlation between ALL type and response to treatment, and was useful in treatment plan and detection of disease prognosis. also a highly significance correlation between ALL and ages. This study was strongly implies the influence of ALL on TWBCS and platelets count, compared with control groups. The results also showed that there were high incidences of type L1 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 16372: Redefining Expectations of Long-Term Survival After the Fontan Procedure: 25 Years of Follow-Up From the Entire Population of Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Yves d’Udekem, Ajay J Iyengar, John C Galati, Robert G Weintraub, Gavin R Wheaton, Andrew Bullock, Robert N Justo, Leeanne E Grigg, Sarah Hope, Victoria Forsdick, Dorothy J Radford, Thomas L Gentles, David S Celermajer, David S Winlaw, New Zealand Fontan Registry
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Late life expectancy of patients undergoing a Fontan procedure is unknown. Methods and Results: The follow-up of all 991 survivors of the 1091 patients who underwent a Fontan procedure ...
Abstract 236: Administration of Amiodarone During Resuscitation Is Associated with Higher TNF-? Levels in the Early Postarrest Period in the Swine Model of Ischemic Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Scott T Youngquist, James T Niemann, Atman P Shah, Joseph L Thomas, John P Rosborough
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: While amiodarone (AMIO) improves ROSC from cardiac arrest due to VF when compared to lidocaine (L), no long-term survival benefit has been demonstrated. Conflicting data exist regarding the effects of AMIO on serum TNF-alpha levels in settings such as cardiopulmonary bypass and CHF. We hypothesized that AMIO administration during resuscitation from VF would result in a TNF-alpha response comparable to L in the early post-arrest period. Methods: Balloon occlusion of the LAD was used to induce VF in anesthetized, instrumented swine. After 7 min, conventional ACLS was begun. Animals were randomized to either bolus AMIO (5 mg/kg, n=13) or L (1 mg/kg, n=14) for recurrent or refractory VF. Following ROSC, TNF-alpha levels were drawn at 30 and 60 min for analysis. Results: Groups demonstrated comparable prearrest hemodynamics and resuscitation variables. Prearrest TNF-alpha levels were higher, however, in animals ultimately treated with AMIO (geometric mean of 103.0 vs. 58.8 pg/mL, p=0.01). In the postarrest period, TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in AMIO than L treated animals at 30 min (2.2 fold higher, 95% CI 1.4-3.4 fold higher, p=0.0016) and at 60 min (2.65 fold higher, 95% CI 1.1-6.3 fold higher, p=0.03). The rate of rise in TNF-alpha among AMIO-treated animals was higher than that in L treated animals by, on average, 1 pg/mL/minute, but this difference in slope was not statistically significant (p=0.4). (Figure) Conclusion: Higher post arrest TNF-alpha levels in AMIO treated animals may mean that improved rates of ROSC seen with AMIO come at the expense of a heightened pro-inflammatory state in the post-cardiac arrest period.
Phylogenetic screening of the human genome: identification of differentially hybridizing repetitive sequence families.
Authors: J A Lloyd, A N Lamb, S S Potter
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

The phi-screen, a method of phylogenetic screening, can be employed to detect repetitive sequence families that differentially hybridize between closely related species. Such differences may involve sequence divergence or variations in copy number, including total presence versus absence of a family of repeated DNA. We present the results of a phi-screen comparing the human genome to that of the prosimian, Galago crassicaudatus. Three human repetitive families that are divergent or not present in galago have been detected. One of these families is described in detail; it is similar among the anthropoids but is present in a lower copy number and/or divergent form in prosimians. The family is clearly related to the transposon-like human element (THE) described by Paulson et al. (1985). THEs have long terminal repeats reminiscent of retroviruses but are unique in that they have no sequence similarity to known mammalian retroviruses. The sequence of a solo long terminal repeat, found unassociated with THE internal sequence, is presented. This family member, THE p2, is bordered by a 5-bp target-site repeat and is interrupted by the insertion of an Alu element. A solo THE element sequenced by Wiginton et al. (1986) contains an insertion of Alu at precisely the same position as does THE p2.
The regulatory element 3' to the A gamma-globin gene binds to the nuclear matrix and interacts with special A-T-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1), an SAR/MAR-associating region DNA binding protein
Authors: JM Cunningham, ME Purucker, SM Jane, B Safer, EF Vanin, PA Ney, CH Lowrey, AW Nienhuis
Journal: Blood (1994)
Quality of Care Will Be a “Sweet Spot” for<i>JAMA Cardiology</i>Says New Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased Mutagenicity of Chloroethylnitrosoureas in the Presence of a Rat Liver S9 Microsome Mixture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W J Suling, L S Rice, W M Shannon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The mechanism for an enhanced effect of Aroclor 1254-induced Sprague-Dawley rat liver 9,000 x g supernatant (S9) microsome preparation on the mutagenicity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea (CCNU), and 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (chlorozotocin) for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 was studied. Although all three compounds were direct-acting mutagens, rat liver S9 increased the mutagenic response to BCNU, CCNU, and chlorozotocin. The enhanced mutagenic effect was independent of NADPH. Heat-denatured S9 enhanced the mutagenicity of BCNU and CCNU, but not that of chlorozotocin. Mutagenic enhancement, however, was less than that observed with untreated S9. The substitution of extractable S9 lipid and bovine serum albumin for S9 in the reaction mixture resulted in an enhanced mutagenicity of CCNU with little or no effect on BCNU or chlorozotocin mutagenicity. These results suggest that the enhanced mutagenicity of CCNU, and possibly that of BCNU, in the presence of S9 was due in part to nonspecific factors that are present in the S9 preparation.
Tracking T Cell Dynamics In The First Month After Haplo-HSCT With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Reveals a Predominant Contribution Of Memory Stem T Cells To The Early Phase Of Immune Reconstitution
Authors: Nicoletta Cieri, Jacopo Peccatori, Giacomo Oliveira, Raffaella Greco, Sarah Marktel, Francesca Lunghi, Fabio Ciceri, Chiara Bonini
Journal: Blood (2013)
Age Does Not Predict Outcomes For Elderly Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With Reduced-Intensity Conditioning
Authors: Gregory A. Abel, Haesook T. Kim, Philippe Armand, Corey S. Cutler, Joseph H. Antin, John Koreth, Vincent T. Ho, Robert J. Soiffer, Edwin P. Alyea
Journal: Blood (2013)
Carcinogenicity of Bucetin in (C57BL/6 × C3H)F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K Togei, N Sano, T Maeda, M Shibata, H Otsuka
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The carcinogenicity of bucetin [(3-hydroxy-p-bu-tyrophenetidide) CAS: 1083-57-4], an antipyretic analgesic drug, was examined in 300 (C57BL/6 × C3H)F-1 mice. Groups of 50 mice of each sex were treated with 1.5 or 0.75% bucetin in their basal diet for 76 weeks and then fed a basal diet for 8 weeks. Control groups were given a basal diet for 84 weeks. In 10 of 46 (22%) male mice given the high dose of bucetin and in 6 of 45 (13%) given the low dose, renal cell tumors were induced. Dysplastic lesions of the proximal tubules were frequently seen in the males given bucetin in a dose-related fashion. Neither tumorous nor preneoplastic lesions developed in the kidneys of bucetin-treated female mice and control animals. Papilloma of the urinary bladder in 1 male mouse and papillary or nodular hyperplasia in 9 mice of both sexes were observed in groups given the high dose of bucetin.
Genomic Loss of <i>DUSP4</i> Contributes to the Progression of Intraepithelial Neoplasm of Pancreas to Invasive Carcinoma
Authors: Naoki Hijiya, Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto, Chisato Nakada, Lam Tung Nguyen, Tomoki Kai, Keiko Matsuura, Kohei Shibata, Masafumi Inomata, Tomohisa Uchida, Akinori Tokunaga, Kohei Amada, Kuniaki Shirao, Yasunari Yamada, Hiromu Mori, Ichiro Takeuchi, Masao Seto, Masahiro Aoki, Mutsuhiro Takekawa, Masatsugu Moriyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

The progression from precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer, including pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), to invasive disease is characterized by stepwise accumulation of genetic alterations. However, it remains unclear whether additional alterations are required for the progression of high-grade neoplasms to invasive pancreatic carcinoma. We compared the genomic profiles of paired noninvasive and invasive carcinoma tissues collected from patients with IPMN. We demonstrate that the frequency of genomic copy-number aberrations significantly increased during the course of invasion, and the loss of 8p11.22-ter was more often associated with invasive tissues. Expression profiling in pancreatic cancer cell lines with and without 8p11.22-ter revealed that DUSP4, an MAPK phosphatase, was significantly downregulated in cells lacking 8p11.22-ter as well as in invasive carcinomas due to genomic loss. Restoration of DUSP4 expression in pancreatic cancer cells significantly suppressed invasiveness and anoikis resistance via ERK inactivation. Accordingly, we found that blockade of ERK signaling by MEK inhibition was effective in an orthotopic xenograft model and significantly extended survival. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a genetic mechanism by which pancreatic precursor lesions progress to invasive carcinomas and highlight DUSP4 as a novel invasion suppressor that can be therapeutically exploited through manipulation of ERK signaling. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2612-25. ©2016 AACR.