tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nanoarchaea: representatives of a novel archaeal phylum or a fast-evolving euryarchaeal lineage related to Thermococcales?
Authors: Celine Brochier, Simonetta Gribaldo, Yvan Zivanovic, Fabrice Confalonieri, Patrick Forterre
Journal: Genome biology (2005)

Cultivable archaeal species are assigned to two phyla -- the Crenarchaeota and the Euryarchaeota -- by a number of important genetic differences, and this ancient split is strongly supported by phylogenetic analysis. The recently described hyperthermophile Nanoarchaeum equitans, harboring the smallest cellular genome ever sequenced (480 kb), has been suggested as the representative of a new phylum -- the Nanoarchaeota -- that would have diverged before the Crenarchaeota/Euryarchaeota split. Confirming the phylogenetic position of N. equitans is thus crucial for deciphering the history of the archaeal domain.We tested the placement of N. equitans in the archaeal phylogeny using a large dataset of concatenated ribosomal proteins from 25 archaeal genomes. We indicate that the placement of N. equitans in archaeal phylogenies on the basis of ribosomal protein concatenation may be strongly biased by the coupled effect of its above-average evolutionary rate and lateral gene transfers. Indeed, we show that different subsets of ribosomal proteins harbor a conflicting phylogenetic signal for the placement of N. equitans. A BLASTP-based survey of the phylogenetic pattern of all open reading frames (ORFs) in the genome of N. equitans revealed a surprisingly high fraction of close hits with Euryarchaeota, notably Thermococcales. Strikingly, a specific affinity of N. equitans and Thermococcales was strongly supported by phylogenies based on a subset of ribosomal proteins, and on a number of unrelated molecular markers.We suggest that N. equitans may more probably be the representative of a fast-evolving euryarchaeal lineage (possibly related to Thermococcales) than the representative of a novel and early diverging archaeal phylum.
Myocardial Stiffness in Patients With Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Michael R. Zile, Catalin F. Baicu, John S. Ikonomidis, Robert E. Stroud, Paul J. Nietert, Amy D. Bradshaw, Rebecca Slater, Bradley M. Palmer, Peter Van Buren, Markus Meyer, Margaret M. Redfield, David A. Bull, Henk L. Granzier, Martin M. LeWinter
Journal: Circulation (2015)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have an increase in passive myocardial stiffness and the extent to which discovered changes depend on changes in extracellular matrix fibrillar collagen and cardiomyocyte titin.Seventy patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting underwent an echocardiogram, plasma biomarker determination, and intraoperative left ventricular epicardial anterior wall biopsy. Patients were divided into 3 groups: referent control (n=17, no hypertension or diabetes mellitus), hypertension (HTN) without (-) HFpEF (n=31), and HTN with (+) HFpEF (n=22). One or more of the following studies were performed on the biopsies: passive stiffness measurements to determine total, collagen-dependent and titin-dependent stiffness (differential extraction assay), collagen assays (biochemistry or histology), or titin isoform and phosphorylation assays. In comparison with controls, patients with HTN(-)HFpEF had no change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, myocardial passive stiffness, collagen, or titin phosphorylation but had an increase in biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, soluble ST2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1). In comparison with both control and HTN(-)HFpEF, patients with HTN(+)HFpEF had increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left atrial volume, N-terminal propeptide of brain natriuretic peptide, total, collagen-dependent, and titin-dependent stiffness, insoluble collagen, increased titin phosphorylation on PEVK S11878(S26), reduced phosphorylation on N2B S4185(S469), and increased biomarkers of inflammation.Hypertension in the absence of HFpEF did not alter passive myocardial stiffness. Patients with HTN(+)HFpEF had a significant increase in passive myocardial stiffness; collagen-dependent and titin-dependent stiffness were increased. These data suggest that the development of HFpEF depends on changes in both collagen and titin homeostasis.
Abstract 586: Prognostic significance of Tip60 expression in human glioma
Authors: Rongpang Bai, Yu Weng, Zhongsheng Zhao, Jin Bai, Guangdi Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The tumor suppressor Tip60 plays a major role in transcription, DNA damage response, apoptosis, autophagy and cancer development, but its role in glioma is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Tip60 in glioma pathogenesis and assessed its prognostic value. Using tissue microarrays consisting of 437 cases of glioma, including 236 cases with low grade (grade I and II) and 201 cases with high grade (grade III and IV), we found that Tip60 expression was significantly reduced in high grade glioma compared to low grade glioma (P = 0.004) although no significant difference in Tip60 expression was found between grade I and II, or grade III and IV glioma (P &amp;gt; 0.05 for either). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that reduced Tip60 expression was associated with a poorer five-year overall survival in glioma patients (P = 0.015). Our data indicate that Tip60 may serve as a potential biomarker for glioma patient outcome as well as a potential therapeutic target. Citation Format: Rongpang Bai, Yu Weng, Zhongsheng Zhao, Jin Bai, Guangdi Chen. Prognostic significance of Tip60 expression in human glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 586. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-586
Evaluation of Carcinogen Exposure in People Who Used "Reduced Exposure" Tobacco Products
Authors: Dorothy K Hatsukami, Charlotte Lemmonds, Yan Zhang, Sharon E Murphy, Chap Le, Steven G Carmella, Stephen S Hecht
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: Although tobacco products with reportedly reduced carcinogen content are being marketed, carcinogen uptake in people who use these products has not been assessed systematically. Methods: Between June 2001 and November 2002, 54 users of smokeless tobacco and 51 cigarette smokers were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One used test products (Swedish snus for users of smokeless tobacco or OMNI cigarettes for smokers), while the other quit and used medicinal nicotine (the nicotine patch). All participants were assessed for urinary levels of total NNAL [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronide], metabolites of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Smokers were also assessed for levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP), a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon uptake. Assessments were made weekly during 2 weeks of baseline normal tobacco use and 4 weeks of treatment. Statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Primary data analyses were conducted on 41 users of smokeless tobacco and 38 cigarette smokers who met the inclusion criteria. Total NNAL levels were statistically significantly lower in users of smokeless tobacco after they switched to snus or to nicotine patch (P<.001 for both groups) than they were before the switch, although the overall mean total NNAL level among subjects who used the nicotine patch was statistically significantly lower than that among those who used snus (mean = 1.2 and 2.0 pmol of NNAL/mg of creatinine, respectively; mean difference = 0.9 pmol of NNAL/mg of creatinine, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 1.5; P = .008). Compared with baseline levels, total NNAL levels (P = .003), but not 1-HOP levels, were statistically significantly reduced in cigarette smokers who switched to the OMNI cigarette, although both total NNAL levels and 1-HOP levels were statistically significantly reduced in smokers who switched to the nicotine patch (P<.001 for both). The overall mean total NNAL levels among smokers who used the nicotine patch was statistically significantly lower than that among smokers who used the OMNI cigarette (mean = 1.2 and 1.9 pmol of NNAL/mg of creatinine, respectively; mean difference = 0.6 pmol of NNAL/mg of creatinine, 95% CI = 0.1 to 1.1; P = .022).Conclusion: Switching to reduced-exposure tobacco products or medicinal nicotine can decrease levels of tobacco-associated carcinogens, with greater reductions being observed with medicinal nicotine. Medicinal nicotine is a safer alternative than modified tobacco products.
Acute Adverse Reactions to Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in CMR
Authors: Oliver Bruder, Steffen Schneider, Detlev Nothnagel, Günter Pilz, Massimo Lombardi, Anil Sinha, Anja Wagner, Thorsten Dill, Herbert Frank, Albert van Rossum, Jürg Schwitter, Eike Nagel, Jochen Senges, Georg Sabin, Udo Sechtem, Heiko Mahrholdt
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita
Authors: ANGELA GOODFELLOW, HUGH CALVERT, GORDON BOHN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita Get access ANGELA GOODFELLOW, ANGELA GOODFELLOW Departments of Dermatology and Surgery, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, Berkshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HUGH CALVERT, HUGH CALVERT Departments of Dermatology and Surgery, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, Berkshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GORDON BOHN GORDON BOHN Departments of Dermatology and Surgery, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, Berkshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 103, Issue 4, 1 October 1980, Pages 431–433, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb07267.x Published: 01 October 1980
The Dutch Childhood Oncology Group guideline for follow-up of asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: E. Sieswerda, A. Postma, E.C. van Dalen, H.J.H. van der Pal, W.J.E. Tissing, L.A.J. Rammeloo, W.E.M. Kok, F.E. van Leeuwen, H.N. Caron, L.C.M. Kremer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Update on checkpoint blockade therapy for lymphoma
Authors: Justin Kline, Michael R. Bishop
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Although cancer cells express antigens recognizable to the immune system, tumors employ a number of diverse mechanisms aimed at subverting the host anti-tumor immune response. Tumor immune evasion pathways have been most thoroughly studied in solid tumors. However, emerging data has demonstrated that malignancies of hematopoietic origin are also able to co-opt their local environment in order to escape immune attack. Activated T cells upregulate negative costimulatory receptors, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Engagement of PD-1 or CTLA-4 with ligands expressed on tumor cells or professional antigen presenting cells results in down-regulation of effector T cell function and represents a potent mechanism of immune evasion across a number of human cancers. Antibodies which block PD-1 / PD-L1 interactions have demonstrated remarkable activity in a number of solid tumor subtypes. Interestingly, recent data have demonstrated that in select subtypes of Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the PD-1 ligands are over-expressed due to a genetic amplification of the loci encoding them. Other mechanisms of PD-L1 over-expression in lymphoma have also been elucidated. Reports from early-phase clinical trials of PD-1 blockade have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in HL, and also appear active against some NHLs. We review the mechanisms of PD-L1 expression in lymphoma and also the early results of anti-PD-1 therapy in this disease.
Physiological Action of Digitalis
Authors: C. H. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1859)

Seven neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the glycoprotein H of human cytomegalovirus were produced and used to construct a topological map of two nonoverlapping antigenic sites that are bridged by a third antigenic site. Neutralization assays with 15 laboratory or clinical human cytomegalovirus strains indicated that the monoclonal antibodies recognize three antigenically variable and three conserved epitopes within the three antigenic sites. The variable-domain genes encoding monoclonal antibodies representing each of the three antigenic sites were cloned and sequenced, and molecular models of their binding sites were generated. Conformational differences in the antibody-binding sites suggested a structural basis for experimentally observed differences in gH epitope recognition.  Images
Subcutaneous Fondaparinux versus Intravenous Unfractionated Heparin in the Initial Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: H R Büller, B L Davidson, H Decousus, A Gallus, M Gent, F Piovella, M H Prins, G Raskob, A E M van den Berg-Segers, R Cariou, O Leeuwenkamp, A W A Lensing
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The standard initial treatment of hemodynamically stable patients with pulmonary embolism is intravenous unfractionated heparin, requiring laboratory monitoring and hospitalization.We conducted a randomized, open-label trial involving 2213 patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism to compare the efficacy and safety of the synthetic antithrombotic agent fondaparinux with those of unfractionated heparin and to document noninferiority in terms of efficacy. Patients received either fondaparinux (5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 mg in patients weighing less than 50, 50 to 100, or more than 100 kg, respectively) subcutaneously once daily or a continuous intravenous infusion of unfractionated heparin (ratio of the activated partial-thromboplastin time to a control value, 1.5 to 2.5), both given for at least five days and until the use of vitamin K antagonists resulted in an international normalized ratio above 2.0. The primary efficacy outcome was the three-month incidence of the composite end point of symptomatic, recurrent pulmonary embolism (nonfatal or fatal) and new or recurrent deep-vein thrombosis.Forty-two of the 1103 patients randomly assigned to receive fondaparinux (3.8 percent) had recurrent thromboembolic events, as compared with 56 of the 1110 patients randomly assigned to receive unfractionated heparin (5.0 percent), for an absolute difference of -1.2 percent in favor of fondaparinux (95 percent confidence interval, -3.0 to 0.5). Major bleeding occurred in 1.3 percent of the patients treated with fondaparinux and 1.1 percent of those treated with unfractionated heparin. Mortality rates at three months were similar in the two groups. Of the patients in the fondaparinux group, 14.5 percent received the drug in part on an outpatient basis.Once-daily, subcutaneous administration of fondaparinux without monitoring is at least as effective and is as safe as adjusted-dose, intravenous administration of unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of hemodynamically stable patients with pulmonary embolism.
Local B cells and IgE production in the oesophageal mucosa in eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: M Vicario, C Blanchard, K F Stringer, M H Collins, M K Mingler, A Ahrens, P E Putnam, J P Abonia, J Santos, M E Rothenberg
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Background:</h3> Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EO) is an emerging yet increasingly prevalent disorder characterised by a dense and selective eosinophilic infiltration of the oesophageal wall. While EO is considered an atopic disease primarily triggered by food antigens, disparities between standard allergen testing and clinical responses to exclusion diets suggest the participation of distinct antigen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the pathophysiology of EO. <h3>Aim:</h3> To find evidence for a local IgE response. <h3>Methods:</h3> Endoscopic biopsies of the distal oesophagus of atopic and non-atopic EO and control individuals (CTL) were processed for immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to assess the presence of B cells, mast cells, and IgE-bearing cells. Oesophageal RNA was analysed for the expression of genes involved in B cell activation, class switch recombination to IgE and IgE production, including germline transcripts (GLTs), activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), IgE heavy chain (Cε) and mature IgE mRNA using polymerase chain reaction and microarray analysis. <h3>Results:</h3> Regardless of atopy, EO showed increased density of B cells (p<i>&lt;</i>0.05) and of IgE-bounded mast cells compared to CTL. Both EO and CTL expressed μGLT, εGLT, γ4GLT, AID, Cε and IgE mRNA. However, the frequency of expression of total GLTs (p<i> = </i>0.002), εGLT (p<i> = </i>0.024), and Cε (p<i> = </i>0.0003) was significantly higher in EO than in CTL, independent of the atopic status. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> These results support the heretofore unproven occurrence of both local immunoglobulin class switching to IgE and IgE production in the oesophageal mucosa of EO patients. Sensitisation and activation of mast cells involving local IgE may therefore critically contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Erythroid Nature of the Response to Friend Leukemia Virus Infection in Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: John R. Stephenson, Arthur A. Axelrad, David L. McLeod
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The response of SIM/Mc and C3H/Bi mice to infection by a polycythemic strain of Friend virus (FV) was investigated. With these 2 strains of mice, infection of plethorized animals with high doses of FV induced the synthesis of an electrophoretically normal adult hemoglobin. Thirty days after infection, a polycythemia developed in SIM/Mc but not in C3H/Bi mice. Infection of C3H/Bi mice by FV also increased the heme synthesis capacity of the circulating cells of the peripheral blood. Furthermore, the number of circulating nucleated cells increased approximately tenfold, and this cell population included cells capable of tumor-colony formation by the tumor colony-forming unit (TCFU) assay for FV-transformed cells. To establish whether the FV-transformed cells themselves could synthesize hemoglobin, leukemic cells from the peripheral blood of FV-infected C3H/Bi mice were subjected to the cell separation technique of unit gravity sedimentation. The nucleated peripheral blood cells had a modal sedimentation velocity approximately double that of the erythro-cytes, but not significantly different from the modal velocity of the cells capable of colony formation by the TCFU assay. After the cells were pooled and resedimented, the nucleated cells could be clearly separated from the erythrocytes and could be shown to synthesize hemoglobin.
Personal history of gallstones and risk of incident psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in U.S. women
Authors: L.X. Tong, S. Wu, T. Li, A.A. Qureshi, E.L. Giovannucci, E. Cho
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Metabolic syndrome has been associated with both gallstones and psoriasis, suggesting a potential biological linkage between gallstones and psoriasis. However, the association between gallstones and psoriasis has not yet been studied. To investigate the association between gallstones and psoriasis. This was a prospective cohort study [Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2005)]. Women aged 25-42 years who were free from psoriasis at baseline and who responded to a 2005 follow-up questionnaire regarding their diagnosis of psoriasis were included (n = 89,230). The relative risk (RR) of developing psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which were self-reported and validated by supplemental questionnaires, was measured. In this population, 2206 participants had gallstones confirmed by a history of cholecystectomy at baseline. A total of 642 individuals had a diagnosis of incident psoriasis, of whom 157 had concomitant PsA. After adjusting for known risk factors of psoriasis besides body mass index (BMI), a baseline history of cholecystectomy-confirmed gallstones was associated with increased risk of psoriasis [multivariate-adjusted RR 2·20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·56-3·10] and concomitant PsA (multivariate-adjusted RR 4·41, 95% CI 2·70-7·18). After additionally adjusting for BMI, the fully adjusted RRs associated with a history of cholecystectomy-confirmed gallstones were 1·70 (95% CI 1·20-2·41) for psoriasis and 2·96 (95% CI 1·80-4·89) for PsA. Personal history of gallstones was associated with an increased risk of psoriasis and PsA, independent of obesity, in a cohort of U.S. women.
Galectin-3, Renal Function, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Christiane Drechsler, Graciela Delgado, Christoph Wanner, Katja Blouin, Stefan Pilz, Andreas Tomaschitz, Marcus E. Kleber, Alexander Dressel, Christoph Willmes, Vera Krane, Bernhard K. Krämer, Winfried März, Eberhard Ritz, Wiek H. van Gilst, Pim van der Harst, Rudolf A. de Boer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Galectin-3 has been linked to incident renal disease, experimental renal fibrosis, and nephropathy. However, the association among galectin-3, renal function, and adverse outcomes has not been described. We studied this association in two large cohorts of patients over a broad range of renal function. We measured galectin-3 concentrations in baseline samples from the German Diabetes mellitus Dialysis (4D) study (1168 dialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus) and the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study (2579 patients with coronary angiograms). Patients were stratified into three groups: eGFR of ≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), 60-89 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). We correlated galectin-3 concentrations with demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters. The association of galectin-3 with clinical end points was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression within 10 years (LURIC) or 4 years (4D) of follow-up. Mean±SD galectin-3 concentrations were 12.8±4.0 ng/ml (eGFR≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), 15.6±5.4 ng/ml (eGFR 60-89 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), 23.1±9.9 ng/ml (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), and 54.1±19.6 ng/ml (dialysis patients of the 4D study). Galectin-3 concentration was significantly associated with clinical end points in participants with impaired kidney function, but not in participants with normal kidney function. Per SD increase in log-transformed galectin-3 concentration, the risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and fatal infection increased significantly. In dialysis patients, galectin-3 was associated with the combined end point of cardiovascular events. In conclusion, galectin-3 concentrations increased with progressive renal impairment and independently associated with cardiovascular end points, infections, and all-cause death in patients with impaired renal function.
Incarcerated Umbilical Hernia of Unexpected Origin: A Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor With Early Recurrence
Authors: Raoul A. Droeser, Sacha I. Rothschild, Luigi Tornillo, Gernot Jundt, Christoph Kettelhack, Daniel Oertli, Philipp Kirchhoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)