tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16061: Individualized Approach to Aspirin Therapy in Non-Diabetic Individuals Using Coronary Artery Calcium, Implications for Primary Prevention from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Michael D Miedema, Daniel A Duprez, Jeff Misialek, David R Jacobs, Michael J Blaha, Khurram Nasir, Michael G Silverman, Ron Blankstein, Matt J Budoff, Philip Greenland, Aaron R Folsom
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Aspirin reduces CVD events in primary prevention but at the cost of increased bleeding. Improved risk stratification with coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring offers potential to target patients with the most favorable risk/benefit profile. After exclusion of those who were on aspirin at baseline (n=1,580), diabetic (n=617), or missing data (n=5), 4,229 MESA participants were included in this analysis. Cardiovascular event rates were analyzed in both men and women after stratification by CAC score. The estimated 32% relative reduction in CHD for men and 17% reduction in CVD for women, as assumed by the USPSTF guidelines, were applied to the absolute event rates and compared to the absolute increased risk of bleeding on aspirin. Estimated 5-year increase in absolute bleeding rates were based on the rates of major bleeding (0.28%) and “non-trivial” bleeding (0.76%) seen in the 2 most recent meta-analysis of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Using the estimated absolute risk reduction and absolute increase in bleeding rate, 5-year number-needed-to-treat (NNT) and 5-year number-needed-to-harm (NNH) estimations were calculated (Table 1).   Conclusion:  In non-diabetic MESA participants not on aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD, the most favorable estimated risk/benefit profile for aspirin therapy occurred in participants with a calcium score of a 100 or greater. Conversely, patients with CAC=0 appear to have a higher likelihood of bleeding compared to the potential of preventing a cardiovascular event.
Barriers to cancer clinical trial enrollment in Latinos
Authors: A. Lopez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e17519 Background: Cancer clinical trials (CCT) improve cancer outcomes. Nonmajority participants in CCT make up no more than 1% of all participants. Latinos would be included in this 1% or less. Specific barriers and facilitators to Latino accruement to CCT have not been well elucidated. The principal objective of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to the enrollment of Latinos in CCT. Methods: Cancer patients were randomly invited to participate in a survey while they waited for their oncology appointment. The surveys had been developed, piloted and validated with a different population of Latino cancer survivors. All instruments were translated in standard fashion and recruiters were bilingual, bicultural Latino. Survey instruments addressed knowledge, attitudes and beliefs re: participation in CCT. Assessments were made by age, gender, education, ethnicity (Latino and non-Latino), language, place of residence, having been offered a CCT, and previous participation in a CCT. Answers were evaluated with bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regressions. In the bivariate analysis the chi-squared test was used to evaluate significant differences between groups. To determine the effect of each of the variables and the most significant predictors, multiple logistic regression models were constructed. Results: Sample characteristics: 64% male and 36% females; mean age 59.66; 18% Latinos and 82% non-Latinos; 67% urban and 31% rural. 83% of the participants spoke at least some English at home whereas 4% spoke only Spanish. From the total sample 22% had previously participated in a CCT and 30% had been offered a CCT. Significant differences were noted in knowledge of CCT by age (to age 70), ethnicity (non-Latino), language (English speakers), education (some college), and having been offered or participated in a CCT (p &lt; 0.05). There were no significant differences by sex and residence. Greatest predictors of CCT knowledge were ethnicity and education l:evel; however, no significant differences were noted by ethnicity or education level in interest in CCT participation. Conclusions: These data suggest that interventions to improve knowledge of CCT may ameliorate the disparity of CCT enrollment by Latinos. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Peak Filling Rates Assessed by CMR Imaging Indicate Diastolic Dysfunction From Myocardial Iron Toxicity
Authors: Bjoern P. Schoennagel, Roland Fischer, Regine Grosse, Christoph Berliner, Mahmoud Wehbe, Gregory Kurio, Gunnar Lund, Zhiyue J. Wang, Joachim Graessner, Gerhard Adam, Jin Yamamura
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2016)
Saúde no Brasil 3: Sucessos e fracassos no controle de doenças infecciosas no Brasil: o contexto social e ambiental, políticas, intervenções e necessidades de pesquisa
Authors: Mauricio L Barreto, M Gloria Teixeira, Francisco I Bastos, Ricardo A A Ximenes, Rita B Barata, Laura C Rodrigues
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Clinical application of amplicon-based next-generation sequencing to therapeutic decision making in lung cancer
Authors: M. Takeda, K. Sakai, M. Terashima, H. Kaneda, H. Hayashi, K. Tanaka, K. Okamoto, T. Takahama, T. Yoshida, T. Iwasa, T. Shimizu, Y. Nonagase, K. Kudo, S. Tomida, T. Mitsudomi, K. Saigo, A. Ito, K. Nakagawa, K. Nishio
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase inhibition prevents multiple organ failure in rodent models of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Damian J Mole, Scott P Webster, Iain Uings, Xiaozhong Zheng, Margaret Binnie, Kris Wilson, Jonathan P Hutchinson, Olivier Mirguet, Ann Walker, Benjamin Beaufils, Nicolas Ancellin, Lionel Trottet, Véronique Bénéton, Christopher G Mowat, Martin Wilkinson, Paul Rowland, Carl Haslam, Andrew McBride, Natalie Z M Homer, James E Baily, Matthew G F Sharp, O James Garden, Jeremy Hughes, Sarah E M Howie, Duncan S Holmes, John Liddle, John P Iredale
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
NCI-60 Cell Line Screening: A Radical Departure in its Time
Authors: Bruce A. Chabner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2016)

The year 2015 marked the 30th anniversary of National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) initial effort to establish a human cell line panel as the basis for discovering new cancer drugs. At its inception, the NCI-60 panel was a controversial departure, born of frustration with previous efforts that employed murine tumors and grounded in the hope that the biology of human tumors was diverse and somehow quite different than the murine leukemia used for the previous 30 years. And while the NCI-60 has not revolutionized cancer drug discovery in terms of the new drugs that resulted, it represents a turning point in the philosophy and practice of cancer drug research.
Abstract 17246: Predictors for Listing for Transplant in Infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome : an analysis of the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial
Authors: Aparna Kulkarni, Richard Neugebauer, Jacqueline M Lamour, Daphne T Hsu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) following the Norwood procedure have the worst survival among infant heart transplant (HT) recipients. The Single Ventricle Reconstruction (SVR) trial collected vital status and HT data in 920 eligible patients (pts) and prospective preoperative, operative and post-operative data in 554 randomized pts. This trial provides a unique opportunity to evaluate predictors of the need for HT in HLHS infants. Methods: The public use SVR database was used to analyze factors associated with listing for HT and mortality on the wait list and in HT pts. Pts listed for HT were compared with those who survived without listing. Results: Among 920 eligible pts, 41 were listed for HT and follow up data was available in 33/554 pts. 25 pts underwent HT. The median age at listing was 135 days (6 [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8211;]] 713 days). All pts listed were status 1A, except for 2 at status 7 and 1 at status 2. Mean RV fractional area change at birth was significantly lower in the listed group (29±8% vs.35±9, p&lt;0.05). ECMO/ CPR, and need for pacemaker were also more common in listed pts compared to the unlisted group. Gestational age, anatomic diagnosis of aortic atresia, AV valve insufficiency and the number of catheterization interventions were not risk factors for HT listing. The median time from listing to HT was 47 days (2 - 340 days). ECMO or VAD support was used in 10 pts prior to HT. Wait list mortality was 29% with a median time to death of 134 days (10 [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8211;]] 707 days). Causes of death on the wait list included cardiac (8 pts), renal (1 pt), surgical (1 pt) and other (2pts). Mortality after HT was 36% with a median time to death of 197 days (48-658 days). Overall mortality after listing, including after HT, was 51%; younger age at listing was associated with increased mortality (292 vs 149 days, p&lt;0.04). Conclusion: HT as a rescue procedure for HLHS in the first year of life carries a significant risk of mortality.
Drug Points: Zidovudine related arthropathy
Authors: D Murphy, M Lynch, F Mulcahy
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Zidovudine has become the standard treatment for patients in the advanced stages of infection with HIV and for patients infected with HIV who are symptom free but have low CD4 counts. Side effects during zidovudine treatment are common, depression of bone marrow being the most relevant.1 The non-haematological adverse events are less common and include gastrointestinal complaints, rash, headache, lethargy, and myopathy.2 We report …
Layered double hydroxides as effective carrier for anticancer drugs and tailoring of release rate through interlayer anions
Authors: Sudipta Senapati, Ravi Thakur, Shiv Prakash Verma, Shivali Duggal, Durga Prasad Mishra, Parimal Das, T. Shripathi, Mohan Kumar, Dipak Rana, Pralay Maiti
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Is the Current Definition for Diabetes Relevant to Mortality Risk From All Causes and Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases?
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To assess the relation between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-CVD and to determine whether the relationship is graded or threshold.Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative Analysis Of Diagnostic Criteria in Europe (DECODE) is a collaborative prospective study of 22 cohorts in Europe with baseline glucose measurements for 29714 subjects aged 30-89 years who were followed-up for 11 years (329050 person-years). Hazard ratio (HR) for death was estimated using Cox regression analysis.High glucose concentrations as well as very low glucose levels were associated with increased risk of death. Compared with an FPG of 4.50-6.09 mmol/l, the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) for FPG <4.50 mmol/l was 1.2 (1.0-1.4) for all-cause, 1.3 (1.0-1.8) for CVD, and 1.1 (0.9-1.4) for non-CVD mortality; the corresponding HRs for diabetes (FPG >or=7.0 mmol/l) were 1.6 (1.4-1.8), 1.6 (1.3-1.9), and 1.6 (1.4-1.9), respectively. For a 2hPG of 3.01-4.50 mmol/l, as compared with a 2hPG of 4.51-5.50 mmol/l, the HRs were 1.1 (1.0-1.2), 1.1 (0.9-1.3), and 1.1 (1.0-1.3), respectively; the corresponding HRs for diabetes (2hPG >or=11.1 mmol/l) were 2.0 (1.7-2.3), 1.9 (1.5-2.4), and 2.1 (1.7-2.5), respectively. The HR for previously undetected diabetes defined by 2hPG was not significantly different from that for known diabetes, which was significantly higher than that for undetected diabetes based on FPG. Subjects with a 2hPG of 10.01-11.09 mmol/l had mortality risks similar to those diabetic subjects defined by an FPG >or=7.0 mmol/l.The relation between mortality and glucose was J shaped rather than showing threshold effect at high glucose levels, except for CVD mortality and 2hPG, where the relation was graded and increasing.
Future of inpatient adolescent psychiatric units
Authors: C. Hollis
Journal: BMJ (1994)

by advertisement in the media.2Smokers were categorised into three groups reflecting their previous attempts to stop smoking, and an identical antismoking intervention was applied to each.Smokers who had made more attempts in the past had a higher point prevalence of smoking cessation one and six months later.They also reported significantly higher numbers of attempts to stop.To increase our understanding of the process of stopping smoking, studies should include a measure of subjects' previous attempts to stop.If previous attempts to stop were found to be a consistent predictor of stopping, simple questions about previous attempts could be incorporated into clinical practice.These would indicate to general practitioners which smokers were most likely to respond to advice, facilitating the effective targeting of health promotion activity.
Final results of a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study to assess the efficacy of MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic as adjuvant therapy in stage IB/II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: J. Vansteenkiste, M. Zielinski, A. Linder, J. Dahabre, E. Esteban, W. Malinowski, J. Jassem, B. Passlick, F. Lehmann, V. G. Brichard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7554 Background: After complete resection, about 50% of patients with stages IB-II NSCLC disease die within 5 years. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves overall survival at the expense of substantial toxicity. Activity of MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic (i.e. recombinant MAGE-A3 protein and a potent GlaxoSmithKline adjuvant) was previously demonstrated in metastatic melanoma. As about 35% of NSCLCs express MAGE-A3 antigen, post-operative MAGE-treatment may be a tumor-specific, well tolerated, and effective adjuvant therapy. Methods: Patients with completely resected, MAGE-A3 (+), stage pIB or pII were randomly assigned to postoperative MAGE-A3 or placebo (2:1), with 5 administration at 3-week intervals, followed by 8 administrations every 3 months. Randomization was stratified for stage (IB vs. II), histology (squamous vs. other), and lymph-node (LN) procedure (sampling vs. dissection). Primary endpoint was disease-free interval (DFI); other endpoints were safety, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). This exploratory Phase II study was designed to detect a clinically relevant HR with a 10% one-sided a. Results: 182 patients (122 stage IB, 60 stage II) from 59 centers in 14 countries were randomized over 2 years: Median age 63 (45–81); 87% male; 65% squamous cell carcinoma; 65% lymph-node dissection. After a median follow-up of 28 months, 67 recurrences and 45 deaths were recorded. Group comparisons of DFI, DFS and OS gave respectively a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.74 (95% CI 0.44–1.20, p=0.107), 0.73 (95% CI 0.45–1.16) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.36–1.20) in favor of the MAGE-A3 group. Overall, treatment was well tolerated, with excellent protocol compliance. Subset analysis also suggests that LN dissection may have an effect on survival. Conclusions: The final analysis of this randomized phase II study shows a positive trend for activity of MAGE-A3 treatement in NSCLC with a relative improvement of DFI and DFS of 27%. Further phase III evaluation is planned. This study also suggests that complete lymph-node dissection may have an effect on survival and should be confirmed prospectively. [Table: see text]
Outcomes of Active Surveillance for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: A Computational Risk Analysis
Authors: Marc D. Ryser, Mathias Worni, Elizabeth L. Turner, Jeffrey R. Marks, Rick Durrett, E. Shelley Hwang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Background:Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive breast lesion with uncertain risk for invasive progression. Usual care (UC) for DCIS consists of treatment upon diagnosis, thus potentially overtreating patients with low propensity for progression. One strategy to reduce overtreatment is active surveillance (AS), whereby DCIS is treated only upon detection of invasive disease. Our goal was to perform a quantitative evaluation of outcomes following an AS strategy for DCIS.
ヒト増殖性糸球体腎炎の糸球体におけるPDGF(SPARC/オステオネクチン)遺伝子発現の内在性阻害物質の原位置ハイブリッド形成法(ISH)による実証
Authors: Yoshimura A, Inui K, Uda S, Nabeshima K, Taira T, Iwasaki S, Ideura T
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)
Abstract 10975: The Developmental Trajectory of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: The First 3 Years
Authors: Kathleen Mussatto, Raymond Hoffmann, George Hoffman, Laurel Bear, Yumei Cao, Cheryl Brosig Soto
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for developmental delay (DD). Routine developmental follow-up to identify problems and ensure early intervention has been propos...
Abstract 19638: Short-Axis Echocardiographic Imaging of the Ascending Aorta is More Accurate than Long-Axis Imaging when Compared to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography
Authors: Tina W Kwan, Renee A Bornemeier, Thomas H Best, Xinyu Tang, Jeffrey Gossett, Ronnie T Collins
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Parasternal long-axis echo imaging often underestimates aortic dimensions when compared to CT or MRI. More accurate and reproducible echo methods for determining aortic size would benefit care and reduce cost. We compared novel short-axis aortic echo images to standard long-axis and CT or MRI measurements. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cardiac CT/MRI performed in the setting of aortic dilation at Arkansas Children’s Hospital from September 2002 to September 2013. All CT/MRI exams with echocardiograms performed within 3 months were included. One blinded observer reviewed all CT/MRI studies, and measured lateral and anteroposterior dimensions of the aortic sinus (AoS), sinotubular junction (STJ), and ascending aorta (AsAo). Echo measurements were made by 3 independent, blinded observers, and included AoS, STJ, and AsAo in standard long-axis views, as well as novel short-axis measurements: anteroposterior sinus length; maximal left to non-coronary sinus length; and lengths from center right to left coronary sinus or non-coronary sinus. Short-axis anteroposterior and lateral measurements were made of the AsAo at the level of the right pulmonary artery from a high left-parasternal view. All echo measurements were compared to CT/MRI. Pearson product-moment correlation based on Fisher’s transformation was determined for each measure compared to CT/MRI. Results: Fifty MRIs, 17 CTs, and 62 echocardiograms were identified and reviewed. Adequate imaging for long-axis aortic assessment was present in 48/62 (77%) echocardiograms, and 42/62 (68%) had adequate short-axis images. Fifty-three subjects median age 34.7 years met inclusion criteria. Long-axis measurements correlated well with CT/MRI for AoS (r=0.811), but poorly for AsAo (r=0.094). Short-axis measurements correlated equally well with CT/MRI for AoS (r=0.832), and AsAo (r=0.790). Conclusions: Parasternal short-axis echo measurements of the aorta are more accurate than conventional parasternal long-axis measurements when compared to CT/MRI. This simple and reproducible technique should be used routinely for echocardiographic evaluation of the aorta.
The Presence of Chronic Mucus Hypersecretion across Adult Life in Relation to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Development
Authors: James P. Allinson, Rebecca Hardy, Gavin C. Donaldson, Seif O. Shaheen, Diana Kuh, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) is common among smokers and is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development and progression.Objectives: To understand how the relationships between smoking, CMH, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develop during adult life, and facilitate earlier disease detection and intervention.Methods: We analyzed data on CMH, smoking, and lung function prospectively collected by the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a nationally representative British cohort followed since birth in 1946. We analyzed the longitudinal relationships between smoking and CMH, how symptoms during life related to airflow limitation at 60–64 years, and how CMH duration between ages 43 and 60–64 years related to concurrent FEV1 decline.Measurements and Main Results: From 5,362 individuals enrolled at birth, 4,427 contributed data between ages 20 and 64 years (52% male; 63% ever-smoker). Among smokers CMH prevalence escalated between ages 36 and 43 from 7.6 ± 2.0% to 13.0 ± 2.6%. At these ages, symptoms were associated with a higher risk of subsequent airflow limitation (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 3.70 [1.62–8.45] and 4.11 [1.85–9.13], respectively). Across adult life, CMH followed a dynamic remitting–relapsing course. Symptom prevalence following smoking cessation returned to levels seen among never-smokers. The longer CMH was present across three occasions (ages 43, 53, and 60–64 yr), the greater the concurrent FEV1 decline, corresponding to an additional decrement of 3.6 ± 2.5 ml/yr per occasion that CMH was present (P = 0.005).Conclusions: CMH among middle-aged smokers represents an early developmental phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking-related CMH usually resolves following smoking cessation but the longer its duration the greater the FEV1 lost, suggesting the course of CMH across adult life may reflect the underlying course of airway disease activity.
Curative testis cancer therapy: psychosocial sequelae.
Authors: P P Rieker, S D Edbril, M B Garnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

We examined the long-term impact of advanced testis cancer and its curative therapies on emotional states and outlook on life, employment, intimate relationships, and sexual function. The sample consisted of 74 nonseminomatous and seminomatous tumor patients who had completed treatment two to ten years ago. The majority of men felt that surviving the debilitating treatment(s) was both an accomplishment and worthwhile trade-off. Neither the rate of unemployment (7%) nor divorce (10%) was remarkable. The most critical outcome was in the area of sexual functioning. One fourth to one half of the men reported some type of sexual impairment. Multiple regression results indicate that ejaculatory dysfunction, a side effect of the retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, is significantly associated with distress about both infertility and sexual impairment. Men with sexual impairment report more psychological symptoms, strained intimate relationships, and negative changes in other areas of life functioning. These data, while not definitive, suggest that there are delayed effects and that the subgroup of men, who are least likely to disclose these problems to physicians, are at greater risk for the deleterious outcomes.