tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Splanchnic and peripheral glucose and lactate metabolism during and after prolonged arm exercise.
Authors: G Ahlborg, J Wahren, P Felig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Splanchnic and peripheral exchange of glucose and gluconeogenic substrates was examined in 12 healthy subjects during 2 h of arm or leg exercise on a bicycle ergometer and during a 40-min postexercise recovery period. The work intensity corresponded to 30% of the maximal pulmonary oxygen uptake. The regional exchange of substrates was evaluated using catheter technique and indicator dilution methods for blood flow measurements. Our findings indicate that prolonged arm exercise as compared with exercise with the legs results in a greater increase in heart rate (25-40%) and a more marked reduction in splanchnic blood flow (10-30%) as well as higher arterial concentrations of lactate, free fatty acids, and catecholamines. The respiratory exchange ratio was consistently higher with arm exercise. In addition, arm exercise results in a greater fractional extraction and utilization of glucose by exercising muscle as well as a greater hepatic gluconeogenesis from lactate and glycerol. During recovery from prolonged arm exercise, leg muscle becomes an important site of lactate release to the splanchnic bed, despite a lack of net glucose uptake by the leg. Simultaneously, arm muscle shows an increase in glucose uptake in the absence of a net release of lactate. These coincident but discordant processes in the leg and arm during recovery suggest the occurrence of a redistribution of muscle glycogen from previously resting (leg) muscle to previously exercising (arm) muscle.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH NODULAR LESIONS:.
Authors: A. N. P. MILNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1953)

Journal Article SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH NODULAR LESIONS:: Report of a Case. Get access A. N. P. MILNER, M.D. A. N. P. MILNER, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 65, Issue 6, 1 June 1953, Pages 204–211, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1953.tb13201.x Published: 01 June 1953
Chemoreduction for Group E Retinoblastoma: Comparison of Chemoreduction Alone Versus Chemoreduction Plus Low-Dose External Radiotherapy in 76 Eyes
Authors: Carol L. Shields, Aparna Ramasubramanian, Archana Thangappan, Kimberly Hartzell, Ann Leahey, Anna T. Meadows, Jerry A. Shields
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)
Vitamin E Oxidation in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Andrew C. Terentis, Shane R. Thomas, Jeanne A. Burr, Daniel C. Liebler, Roland Stocker
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is a key process in atherogenesis, and vitamin E (α-tocopherol, TOH) has received attention for its potential to attenuate the disease. Despite this, the type and extent of TOH oxidation and its relationship to lipid oxidation in the vessel wall where lesions develop remain unknown. Therefore, we measured oxidized lipids, TOH, and its oxidation products, α-tocopherylquinone (TQ), 2,3- and 5,6-epoxy-α-tocopherylquinones by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis in human lesions representing different stages of atherosclerosis. We also oxidized LDL in vitro to establish “footprints” of TOH oxidation product for different oxidants. The in vitro studies demonstrated that tocopherylquinone epoxides are the major products when LDL is exposed to the one-electron (ie, radical) oxidants, peroxyl radicals, and copper ions, whereas TQ preferentially accumulates with the two-electron (nonradical) oxidants, hypochlorite, and peroxynitrite. In human lesions, the relative extent of TOH oxidation was maximal early in the disease where it exceeded lipid oxidation. Independent of the disease stage, TQ was always the major oxidation product with all products together representing &lt;20% of the total TOH present, and the oxidation product profile mirroring that formed during LDL oxidation by activated monocytes in the presence of nitrite. In contrast, oxidized lipid increased with increasing disease severity. These results suggest that two-electron oxidants are primarily responsible for TOH oxidation in the artery wall, and that the extent of TOH oxidation is limited yet substantial lipid oxidation takes place. This study may have important implications regarding antioxidant supplements aimed at preventing LDL oxidation and hence atherogenesis.
Quantitative assessment of regional left ventricular motion using endocardial landmarks
Authors: Cornelis J. Slager, Ton E.H. Hooghoudt, Patrick W. Serruys, Johan C.H. Schuurbiers, Johan H.C. Reiber, Geert T. Meester, Pieter D. Verdouw, Paul G. Hugenholtz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Reactive oxygen species activity and lipid peroxidation in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> associated gastritis: relation to gastric mucosal ascorbic acid concentrations and effect of <i>H pylori</i> eradication
Authors: I M Drake, N P Mapstone, C J Schorah, K L M White, D M Chalmers, M F Dixon, A T R Axon
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background — Helicobacter pylori is an independent risk factor for gastric cancer, and this association may be due to the bacterium causing reactive oxygen species mediated damage to DNA in the gastric epithelium. High dietary ascorbic acid intake may protect against gastric cancer by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Aims —To assess reactive oxygen species activity and damage in gastric mucosa in relation to gastric pathology and mucosal ascorbic acid level, and to determine the effect of H pylori eradication on these parameters. Patients —Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained for analysis from 161 patients undergoing endoscopy for dyspepsia. Methods —Reactive oxygen species activity and damage was assessed by luminol enhanced chemiluminescence and malondialdehyde equivalent estimation respectively. Ascorbic acid concentrations were measured using HPLC. Results —Chemiluminescence and malondialdehyde levels in gastric mucosa were higher in patients with H pylori gastritis than in those with normal histology. Successful eradication of the bacterium led to decreases in both parameters four weeks after treatment was completed. Gastric mucosal ascorbic acid and total vitamin C concentrations were not related to mucosal histology, but correlated weakly with reactive oxygen species activity (chemiluminescence and malodialdehyde levels). Conclusions —Data suggest that reactive oxygen species play a pathological role in H pylori gastritis, but mucosal ascorbic acid is not depleted in this condition.
Interaction of angiotensin II and TGF-beta 1 in the rat remnant kidney.
Authors: A Junaid, M E Rosenberg, T H Hostetter
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

An interaction between angiotensin (Ang) II and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 is gaining increasing recognition. Ang II has been implicated in the progression of renal disease, and TGF-beta 1 is a potent fibrosis-promoting cytokine. We sought to determine whether the beneficial effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on remnant kidney function were associated with a reduction in renal TGF-beta 1 in this model of chronic renal failure. After subtotal renal ablation, rats fed a 40% protein diet and treated with losartan not only had a reduction in systolic BP (96 +/- 8 versus 130 +/- 8 mmHg, P < 0.05, losartan versus control) and urinary protein excretion (4 +/- 5 versus 23 +/- 20 g/d, P < 0.05, losartan versus control), but also exhibited a reduction in renal TGF-beta 1 mRNA (194 +/- 64 versus 411 +/- 101 optical density units, P < 0.05, losartan versus control) and TGF-beta 1 protein levels (9.8 +/- 2.5 versus 18.6 +/- 5.8 ng/g of renal tissue, P < 0.05, losartan versus control). The elevation of TGF-beta 1 in the remnant kidney was most pronounced in the scar region (22.9 +/- 13.1 versus 5.8 +/- 3.7 ng/g, P < 0.05, scar versus nonscar). A combination of reserpine, hydralazine, and hydrochlorothiazide, although effective in lowering systemic BP in this model of chronic renal failure, was not associated with a reduction in proteinuria or TGF-beta 1. We conclude that in this model of progressive renal injury, Ang II antagonism may exert a beneficial effect in part by its negative influence on TGF-beta 1.
Iron in the inflammed gut: another pro-inflammatory hit?
Authors: G. Weiss
Journal: Gut (2010)

Iron is essential for virtually all cells and higher eukaryotes due to its central role for oxygen transport, mitochondrial respiration, DNA synthesis and metabolic processes. Moreover, iron catalyses the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which can cause cellular damage but which also modulate the binding affinity of several transcription factors.1 Therefore, iron overload and iron deficiency exert subtle effects on essential metabolic pathways and on the growth, proliferation and differentiation of cells. Accordingly, iron is centrally involved in the regulation of cellular immune function. On the one hand iron promotes the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells, including lymphocytes; however, lymphocyte subsets differ in their dependence on a sufficient supply of iron. The induction of experimental iron overload in rats resulted in a shift in the ratio between T-helper (CD4+) and T-suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) with a relative expansion of the latter.2 Moreover, T-helper (Th) subsets respond differently to iron perturbations with Th-1 cells being more sensitive to iron restriction than Th-2 cells. In addition, Th-1-mediated immune effector pathways are much more sensitive to changes in iron homeostasis in vivo.2 As with eukaryotes, microorganisms have evoked multiple strategies to capture and ingest iron, which they need for proliferation and pathogenicity while immune cells on the other hand try to restrict this essential nutrient from microbes which is a central component of …
Assay of mutation induced in human lymphoblastoid cells by combustion-generated soot particles.
Authors: P P Bolsaitis, A S Feitelberg, V Dekermendjian, J F Elliott, A F Sarofim, W G Thilly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

A human lymphoblastoid cell line has been used to test for mutations caused by combustion-generated soot particles and their constituent components, which are substrate carbon-black and adsorbed condensate, principally in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It was found that the mutagenicity of the PAH fraction is higher when it is contacted with cells as a liquid extract than when it is supplied as a coating on soot particles. The substrate particles were found to be nonmutagenic. The rate of transfer of mutagens from the surface of particles, combined with the retention time of respirable aerosol particles, are deemed to define their mutagenic potential.
Opening the Doors of the Intensive Care Unit to Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Silvio A. Ñamendys-Silva, Francisco J. García-Guillén, Angel Herrera-Gómez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

collects data on type of initial treatment, but not types and doses of initial chemotherapy or subsequent courses of treatment.However, several prior analytic studies with complete chemotherapy information showed significant dose-response relationships between cumulative cisplatin amount and treatment-related leukemia. 11,12 As we stated, 2 it will be important in future analytic studies to determine the extent to which any dose-response relationship between platinum and solid tumors may exist, the types of cancers, latency patterns, and interactions with other factors, 13 including genetic susceptibility 14 and other drugs.These future research priorities with regard to second malignant neoplasms in survivors of testicular cancer were recently summarized by Travis et al. 15
Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and Risk of Tuberculosis
Authors: Anne Leegaard, Anders Riis, Jette B. Kornum, Julie B. Prahl, Vibeke Ø Thomsen, Henrik Toft Sørensen, C. Robert Horsburgh, Reimar W. Thomsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between diabetes, glycemic control, and risk of tuberculosis (TB). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study in Northern Denmark. Cases of active TB were all individuals with a first-time principal hospital diagnosis of TB between 1980 and 2008. Each case subject was matched with up to five population control subjects with similar age, sex, place and length of residence in Denmark, and country of emigration. We computed odds ratios (ORs) for a first-time TB diagnosis among people with and without diabetes using regression to control for other comorbidities, alcoholism, immunosuppressive medications, and socioeconomic markers. RESULTS We identified 2,950 patients, including 156 diabetic individuals (5.3%), with active TB, and 14,274 population control subjects, of which 539 had diabetes (3.8%). The adjusted OR for active TB among subjects with diabetes was 1.18 (95% CI 0.96–1.45) compared with nondiabetic individuals. We found a similar risk increase from diabetes in the 843 (29%) TB case subjects who were immigrants; adjusted OR = 1.23 (95% CI 0.78–1.93). In a subset with laboratory data, diabetic individuals with an HbA1c &amp;lt;7.0, 7–7.9, and ≥8.0% had ORs of 0.91 (0.51–1.63), 1.05 (0.41–2.66), and 1.19 (CI 0.61–2.30), respectively, compared with individuals without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In the low TB–burden country of Denmark, the TB risk increase associated with diabetes is substantially lower than previously suggested. We found no evidence for any association between TB and dysglycemia.
Prevention of Obesity and Diabetes
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

This is the second of a series of articles reviewing presentations at the 63rd annual scientific session of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), held in New Orleans, Louisiana, June 2003.

Francine Kaufman gave the outgoing President’s Address, discussing our burgeoning societal recognition of obesity as a health problem for children. She traced the differing environments of the child of 40,000 years ago through that experienced today. For the neolithic child, levels of physical activity were high. Approximately one-third of energy intake came from animal protein, typically low in associated fat because animals hunted for meat (as opposed to the high fructose feeds currently used for livestock which greatly increase the saturated fat content of these foods). Half of energy intake was from high-fiber fruits and vegetables, gathered close to home, and the remainder of the diet was high in polyunsaturated fats. Dietary sodium was low. With the advent of agriculture 5,000 years ago, the availability of grain led to greater fat depots in feed animals and began to alter the dietary balance to which humans had evolved. This pattern continued during the development of the civilization of the middle ages and the Renaissance, with the wealthy often exhibiting marked obesity and gluttony being recognized as one of the “seven deadly sins.” Although the lower prevalence of diabetes among European ancestry Caucasians may reflect a diminished need for “thrifty genes,” Kaufman mentioned a current speculation that diabetes did emerge as a health problem during this period in Europe. According to this hypothesis, the European diabetes gene pool decreased as the food supply increased, while other ethnic groups, particularly with the devastation of the subsequent centuries of European colonial rule, faced periods of extreme hunger for which there was survival advantage to the retention of “thrifty genes” (1).

By 1920, food …
Decreasing Incidence of Severe Diabetic Microangiopathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Peter Hovind, Lise Tarnow, Kasper Rossing, Peter Rossing, Stefanie Eising, Nicolai Larsen, Christian Binder, Hans-Henrik Parving
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Conflicting evidence of a decline in incidence of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes during the last decades has been reported. To assess recent trends in the cumulative incidence of diabetic microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes, we analyzed data from long-term prospective observational studies lasting >/=20 years.A total of 600 Caucasian patients with onset of type 1 diabetes between 1965 and 1984 were followed until death or until the year 2000. Patients were divided into four groups based on the year of diabetes onset: group A, 1965-1969 (n = 113); group B, 1970-1974 (n = 130); group C, 1975-1979 (n = 113); and group D, 1979-1984 (n = 244). Group A, B, and C are prevalence cohorts identified in 1984; group D is an inception cohort.In patients followed for >/=20 years, the cumulative incidence (95% CI) of diabetic nephropathy after 20 years of diabetes (urinary albumin excretion >300 mg/24 h) was reduced in patients with more recent diabetes onset (groups A-D): 31.1% (22.5-39.7) vs. 28.4% (19.8-37.0) vs. 18.9% (10.9-26.9) vs. 13.7% (6.2-21.2) (P = 0.015). Similarly, the cumulative incidence of proliferative retinopathy was as follows: 31.2% (22.2-39.8) vs. 30.3% (22.2-38.4) vs. 19.3% (11.2-27.4) vs. 12.5% (5.2-19.8) (P < 0.01). In the latter groups, antihypertensive treatment was started earlier, blood pressure and HbA(1c) were lower, and fewer patients smoked.Our study demonstrates a decrease in the cumulative incidence of diabetic microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes over the past 35 years. Improved glycemic control, lower blood pressure (in part due to early aggressive antihypertensive treatment), and reduced prevalence of smoking rates were associated with the improved prognosis.
Determinants of diagnostic accuracy in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)
Authors: Daniel Franzen, Didier Schneiter, Peter Kestenholz, Walter Weder, Malcolm Kohler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The impact of various determinants on the diagnostic accuracy (DA) of EBUS-TBNA considering different biopsy sites is not well defined.  All consecutive non-staging EBUS-TBNAs between 2007 and 2013 were included in this retrospective analysis. Investigated determinants of DA of each biopsy site were sedation technique (deep vs. conscious sedation), no. of needle passes, target size, PET/CT timing (before versus after EBUS-TBNA), and final diagnosis.  In 231 patients (median age 63 years) a median (IQR) of 1 (1-2) biopsy site were examined. Mediastinal (ATS 2-4), subcarinal (ATS 7), and hilar lymph nodes (ATS 10-12) were targeted in 131 (57%), 106 (46%), and 85 (37%) cases. In 164 patients (71%) EBUS-TBNA was performed in deep sedation. The most prevalent final diagnosis was NSCLC (55%). Site-specific DA for correct diagnosis at the mediastinal, subcarinal, and hilar position was 92, 93 and 89%, respectively. Determinants of DA are listed in tab.1  DA in EBUS-TBNA of mediastinal lymph nodes is dependent on the no. of needle passes and target size, whereas DA of hilar lymph nodes biopsies seems to be independent of the investigated variables. PET/CT timing and the sedation technique do not seem to influence the DA at any biopsy site.
A piece of my mind. Omega yes, alpha no
Authors: F. von Lichtenberg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

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Suppression of adjuvant arthritis by infection with a strain of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei.
Authors: B M Greenwood, A Voller, E M Herrick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Hospital data (Greenwood, 1968) and a population survey (to be published) suggest that rheumatoid arthritis is an uncommon disease in Western Nigeria.Furthermore, Nigerian patients satisfying the American Rheumatism Association criteria for a diagnosis of definite or probable rheumatoid arthritis (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and Jessar, 1959) have a clinically milder disease than European patients with the condition (Greenwood, 1969) and rarely show any of the immunological changes associated with the disease (Greenwood and Herrick, 1970).
Association Between Hepatitis B Virus and Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Manal M. Hassan, Donghui Li, Adel S. El-Deeb, Robert A. Wolff, Melissa L. Bondy, Marta Davila, James L. Abbruzzese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are considered to be hepatotropic and are a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, little is known about the role of HBV and HCV infection in other malignancies. This study aimed to determine whether HBV and HCV infections increase the risk for pancreatic cancer development.At The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, we recruited 476 patients with pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and 879 age-, sex-, and race-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were tested for the presence of HCV antibodies (anti-HCV), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), and antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs). The positive samples were retested by two confirmatory tests. An unconditional multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs).Anti-HCV was positive in seven cases (1.5%) and nine controls (1%). Anti-HBc was positive in 36 cases (7.6%) and 28 controls (3.2%). The estimated AORs and 95% CIs were as follows: anti-HCV-positive, 0.9 (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.8), anti-HBc-positive, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.5 to 4.2), anti-HBc-positive/anti-HBs-positive, 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2), and anti-HBc-positive/anti-HBs-negative, 4 (95% CI, 1.4 to 11.1). Risk modification by past exposure to HBV was observed among diabetics (AOR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.7 to 28.7).Past exposure to HBV may be associated with pancreatic cancer development. Should such findings be confirmed by other studies, it may offer important insights into the etiology of pancreatic cancer and may suggest the need to consider prevention of HBV reactivation among patients with HBV-related pancreatic cancer during chemotherapy.
Integrating Bayesian analysis and mechanistic theories in grounded cognition
Authors: Lawrence W. Barsalou
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Grounded cognition offers a natural approach for integrating Bayesian accounts of optimality with mechanistic accounts of cognition, the brain, the body, the physical environment, and the social environment. The constructs of simulator and situated conceptualization illustrate how Bayesian priors and likelihoods arise naturally in grounded mechanisms to predict and control situated action.