tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Pediatric Choroidal and Ciliary Body Melanoma Study
Authors: Rana'a T. Al-Jamal, Nathalie Cassoux, Laurence Desjardins, Bertil Damato, Lazaros Konstantinidis, Sarah E. Coupland, Heinrich Heimann, Aleksandra Petrovic, Leonidas Zografos, Ann Schalenbourg, Juan P. Velazquez-Martin, Hatem Krema, Anna Bogdali, Anna Markiewicz, Bozena Romanowska-Dixon, Claudia H.D. Metz, Eva Biewald, Norbert Bornfeld, Hayyam Kiratli, Inge H.G. Bronkhorst, Martine J. Jager, Marina Marinkovic, Maria Fili, Stefan Seregard, Shahar Frenkel, Jacob Pe'er, Sachin M. Salvi, Ian G. Rennie, Iwona Rospond-Kubiak, Jaroslaw Kociecki, Jens Folke Kiilgaard, Steffen Heegaard, Victoria M.L. Cohen, Mandeep S. Sagoo, Anush Amiryan, Svetlana Saakyan, Nils Eide, Jørgen Krohn, Edoardo Midena, Raffaele Parrozzani, Jean-Daniel Grange, Emine Kilic, Maria Antonietta Blasi, Maria Antonia Saornil, Tero T. Kivelä
Journal: Ophthalmology (2016)
Risk of the gastric cancer associated with the interleukin 1β gene polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori
Authors: S. S. Jung, B. J. Song, S. T. Oh, J. S. Kim, W. Kim, S. N. Kim, H. M. Chun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4061 Background: According to the recent studies, it is shown that the polymorphism of Interleukin 1β gene is associated with the incidence of gastric cancer caused by the Helicobacter pylori infection. Interleukin 1β is a cytokine markedly inhibiting gastric acid secretion. Interleukin 1β production associated with Helicobacter pylori gastric infection may exacerbate mucosal damage including chronic gastritis and atrophic gastritis, may induce eventual neoplasia. Among these Interleukin 1β gene polymorphism, polymorphism at -31 portions and -511 portions may associate with these processes, eventually increase the risk of gastric cancer according to the helicobacter pylori infection and genetic polymorphism of Interleukin 1β in gastric cancer patients. Methods: 176 individuals with gastric cancer and 40 healthy controls were analyzed. Each group was divided into two groups whether they infected with Helicobacter pylori or not. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood in all groups. The PCR-RELP method was used for investigating the distribution of genotype of C/C, C/T, and T/T at -31 portions and -511 portions. Results: T/T genotype at -511 portions was 19.3% in gastric cancer cases and 10% in controls, which was statistically significant. (P=0.0432) The risk of gastric cancer was increased 4.86(1.26∼18.77) in group which had T/T genotype. In gastric cancer cases, C/C genotype at 31 portions was 27.6% in group with Helicobacter pylori infection and 12.8% in group without infection, which was statistically significant. (P=0.0047) The risk of gastric cancer was increased 4.82(1.81∼12.81) in group which had C/C genotype. Conclusions: T genotype at -511 portions among the Interleukin 1β genetic polymorphisms may be the risk factor of gastric cancer. And, with Helicobacter pylori infection, C genotype at -31 portions may be the risk factor of gastric cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Adaptive evolution of G-protein coupled receptor genes.
Authors: S Yokoyama, K E Isenberg, A F Wright
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1989)

The phylogeny and patterns of nucleotide substitutions in the visual pigment genes, adrenergic receptor genes, muscarinic receptor genes, and in the human mas oncogene were studied by comparing their DNA sequences. The evolutionary tree obtained shows that the visual pigment genes and mas oncogene form one cluster and that the receptor genes form another. In the evolution of rhodopsin genes, synonymous substitutions outnumber nonsynonymous substitutions. This is consistent with the neutral theory of molecular evolution. However, the early evolutionary stages of alpha- and beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors are notable for significantly more nonsynonymous substitutions than synonymous substitutions, suggesting the acquisition of novel functional adaptations. Variable rates of nonsynonymous changes in different domains of these proteins reveal DNA segments that might have been important in their functional adaptations.
Efficacy of neoadjuvant weekly docetaxel in locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: K. R. Basarakodu, J. A. Linebaugh, B. K. Barrett, M. C. Perry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

11600 Background: Prior studies have shown that taxanes have improved clinical outcome and survival in advanced and adjuvant breast cancer settings. The goal of this study was to determine the clinical response rate, pathological complete response rate and tolerability of weekly docetaxel used neoadjuvantly in locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer. Methods: Fourteen patients were enrolled between June 2004 and January 2007. The mean age was 38 years (range 33 - 79 years). The average primary tumor size was 3.9 cm (range 1.5 cm to 10 cm). 7/14 patients had clinically palpable axillary lymph nodes. Four patients had inflammatory histology and the rest had infiltrating ductal carcinoma with five being poorly differentiated. Seven patients had positive estrogen receptors, 3 were HER2 neu positive, while 6 patients were triple negative. Patients received weekly docetaxel at 40 mg/m2 for 2 cycles; of 4 weekly doses and then one week rest (10 weeks of induction therapy). After neoadjuvant chemotherapy they were to receive surgery, then adjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide, radiation therapy, then hormone therapy and trastuzumab, if appropriate. Results: The clinical response rate was 50%, including 29% complete responses. 4 patients (29%) had stable disease and 3 patients (21%) progressed while on treatment. 12/14 patients went on to have surgery, all modified radical mastectomies. Pathological CR was reported in 2 (14%) in the mastectomy specimen, with one patient having 1/15 positive lymph nodes. There were no grade 4 toxicities, 1 grade 3 neutropenia and one grade 3 rash. All other side effects were grade 2 or less. Survival could not yet be calculated, but 4 patients (29%) died. Of these, 2 had brain metastasis and one had leptomeningeal metastasis. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant single agent weekly docetaxel in locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer, although well tolerated, does not produce increased complete response rates. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration sanofi-aventis
Treatment of metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma with doxorubicin and ifosfamide
Authors: A. P. Staddon, E. A. Crawford, L. Hartner, R. D. Lackman, C. M. Ogilvie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

21518 Background: Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy containing both mesenchymal and epithelial components. Patients often present with advanced disease and survival is poor. The effectiveness of chemotherapy is unclear. This study aims to determine short-term outcomes using doxorubicin and ifosfamide for treatment of metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma. Methods: Pathology records were searched for all patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma treated in our clinic with doxorubicin and ifosfamide. Outcome measures were chemotherapy response and survival. Results: Of 15 identified patients, 4 met inclusion criteria. Mean age at presentation was 62 (range 48–72). All patients had high grade tumors and metastatic disease at presentation. Patient 1 (breast) had prior resection and radiation for the breast tumor, and at presentation had metastatic disease to the lungs. She had a slight increase in size of the lung metastases with chemotherapy, but resection showed 99% necrosis. She had no evidence of disease for 14 months. The tumor then recurred in the lungs and progressed despite further chemotherapy. She died of disease 48 months from diagnosis. Patient 2 (humerus) had a decrease in size of the humerus tumor and stability of the lung metastases with pre-operative chemotherapy. Following shoulder disarticulation, he had no remaining local disease, but the lung metastases progressed despite additional chemotherapy. He died of disease 16 months from diagnosis. Patient 3 (pleura/pericardium) had a decrease in size of the pericardial disease but developed new lung tumors following chemotherapy. He died of disease 7 months after diagnosis. Patient 4 (supraclavicular area) had an initial response to chemotherapy with near complete necrosis of the supraclavicular tumor and 75% decrease in size of a maxillary metastasis, but he developed brain metastases within 2 months. The patient died of disease 9 months from diagnosis. Mean overall survival was 20 months (7–48) with 100% mortality at last follow-up. Conclusions: Half of our patients with metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma experienced an initial response to chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide. However, all patients ultimately progressed and died of disease despite continued treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Low SER versus high SER thoracic radiotherapy in the management of limited-stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: K. Lee, S. Lee, S. Lee, J. Kim, C. Shin, J. Shim, K. In, K. Kang, S. Yoo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18170 Background: Patients with small-cell lung cancer account for about 20% of all lung cancer patients, with only one third of the patients presenting with limited disease. Although the combinations of chemo and radiation therapy have improved the prognosis substantially, the optimal chemoradiotherapy remains controversial in LD-SCLC. There are many reports that the overall duration of the chemoradiotherapy package is the most relevant predictor of the outcome. Therefore we tested SER beginning with the start of any treatment until the end of radiotherapy in patients with LD-SCLC. Methods: We enrolled the patients who were diagnosed as SCLC histologically in Korea University Medical Center from 2003 to 2006. All of them presented with limited disease. We divided them into two groups; the low SER (within 60 days of SER) and the high SER group (over 60 days). The patients were treated with thoracic radiotherapy and platinum based topoisomerase inhibitor. Overall survival was analyzed with a Cox model adjusted for performance and the chemotherapy regimen. Results: Of 29 patients, 16 patients were in low SER and 13 patients were in high SER. Low SER, as compared with high SER, significantly prolonged survival rate (p=0.028). We evaluated the radiation effect by the time between the start of chemotherapy and the start of radiotherapy, below 30 days and above 30 days, but there were no statistically comparable difference in there survival time between the two groups (p=0.176). The survival times of the patients were increased by 3.094 times in the low SER (95% C.I, 1.083 to 8.840, p=0.028) and by 6.901 times in ECOG groups 0 or 1 compared with group 2 (95% C.I, 1.563 to 30.468, p=0.018). There were no statistically significant increases in the side effects: pneumonitis, esophagitis, and BM suppressions. Conclusions: The cumulative survival of the patients in the low SER group is higher than for patients in the high SER group. The SER may facilitate a more rational design of combined-modality treatment in rapidly proliferating tumors. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Oncolytic Potentials of Nonhuman Viruses for Human Cancer. I. Effects of Twenty-Four Viruses on Human Cancer Cell Lines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: William McD. Hammon, David S. Yohn, Bruce C. Casto, Robert W. Atchison
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

An attempt was made to select from animal viruses, believed nonpathogenic for man, those which could be adapted to produced cytopathic effect (CPE) in malignant human cell lines. It was hoped that certain of these might prove oncolytic in vivo without risk to the patient and that antibody development might be poor or delayed under such circumstances. Twenty-four viruses were screened for oncolytic potential in HeLa, HEp-2, KB, HAd-1, and HEp-3 cell lines. They were classified as cytopathic (producing CPE and multiplying, grades + to + + + +), infective, probably infective, and not infective. Nine feline, 4 swine, and 2 simian viruses were eliminated after being placed in the last category. Nine viruses, including 4 simian adenoviruses (S.V.1, S.V.15, S.V.33, and S.V.34), 4 bovine (BE-1, BE-180, IBR, and BVV), and 1 equine virus (ERP), grew or were “adapted” to multiply well on at least one cell line. S.V.1, S.V.33, and S.V.34, though multiplying well, were not adapted to effect good CPE. Fourteen virus-cell line combinations of the 6 best viruses were serially passed from 5 to 35 times and produced + + + + CPE and titers ranging from 104.5 to 107.3 per ml. Sometimes adaptation to one cell line resulted in adaptation to several others. Final candidates among the 24 viruses were S.V.15, a simian adenovirus, BE-1, BE-180, and BVV, probable bovine enteroviruses, and IBR and ERP, bovine and equine herpes viruses, respectively. Attempts were made to collect further evidence that these viruses were not originally infective for man and did not lead to inapparent infection in the workers handling them for a long period in the laboratory. Selected human gamma globulin pools, small human serum pools, and repeated sera from laboratory personnel were interpreted as negative by neutralization test, except for one small serum pool of unidentified blood donors against one agent. These 6 viruses are now being serially passed in and tested for oncolytic activity in a series of hetertransplanted human tumors, and concentrated pools are being prepared for therapeutic tests in man.
Abstract 11009: Successful Implantation of a Completely Autologous Aortic Valve With a Stent (Biovalve Stent) by Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)
Authors: Yoshiaki Takewa, Yasuhide Nakayama, Masashi Yamanami, Yuichiro Kishimoto, Mamoru Arakawa, Kentaro Ohnuma, Hirohito Sumikura, Keiichi Kanda, Yuichi Matsui, Yoshiyuki Taenaka, Eisuke Tatsumi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Purpose: An autologous aortic valve with a metallic stent (Biovalve Stent) was developed, using simple, safe and economical in-body tissue engineering. In this study, the potential of the Biovalve Stent for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was investigated in a goat model. Methods: Biovalve Stents were prepared by 2-month embedding of the molds, assembled using plastic rods and a metallic stent, in the subcutaneous spaces of goats. After extracting the molds and removing the plastic rods only, Biovalve Stents with tri-leaflets similar to those of the native aortic valves were constituted from completely autologous connective tissues. Four out of eight Biovalve Stents were implanted in the apico-aortic bypass of goats for 1 month to evaluate the valvular function under the systemic circulation and other four Biovalve Stents were implanted in the in situ aorta with TAVI apical approach. Results: In the apico-aortic bypass cases, postoperative echocardiography and angiography showed smooth move...
Generation of Lytic and Proliferative Lymphoid Clones to Syngeneic Tumor: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: M Rosenstein, S A Rosenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

T-cell clones that exhibited both lytic and proliferative activity for the syngeneic FBL-3 lymphoma were isolated from in vitro sensitization cultures. These clones were Lyt-2+ and proliferated specifically to the FBL-3 lymphoma but not to other tumors of C57BL/6 origin, allogeneic tumor, or C57BL/6 normal lymphocytes. Adoptive transfer of clones exhibiting both proliferative and cytotoxic activity prolonged survival and occasionally cured the animals of disseminated FBL-3 lymphomas, while T-cell clones exhibiting lytic but no proliferative activity conferred no survival benefit compared to the survival seen among animals receiving no treatment.
Rare inherited skin diseases and the Genomics England 100 000 Genome Project
Authors: J.A. McGrath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Back in April 2003 an important milestone in human genetics was announced – the complete sequencing of the human genome. Sequencing 3·1 billion nucleotides of human DNA had taken thousands of dedicated scientists across the world 13 years to complete at a cost exceeding £2 billion.1 From that platform, technology progressed rapidly and it has become possible to sequence an entire human genome in a few days for less than £1000.2 With these advances, the emphasis has now moved on to wondering how we can best harness the potential of genomic medicine for patients and society. Enter the Genomics England 100 000 Genome Project. The underlying concept of the project relates to the internationally unique nature of the U.K.'s National Health Service (NHS). In principle, the NHS is able to capture a whole lifetime of medical records, which, if added to a person's genome data, could provide a rich resource with which to understand disease and decipher complex interactions between genes, the environment, health and illness. Why 100 000 genomes? In truth, the number is an arbitrary one, given that previous human DNA sequencing projects had looked at 10, then 100, then 1000 and then 10 000 human genomes, and thus 100 000 seemed a natural scale‐up. With political backing, the 100 000 Genomes Project was therefore heralded in late 2012.
Abstract P249: Urinary Cadmium and Cardiovascular Health: Findings from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin
Authors: Kristen M Malecki, F. Javier Nieto
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Mounting evidence in both human and animal studies suggest cadmium exposure increases the risk for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence have found associations between cadmium exposures and mortality in the general US population, however, studies of incident CVD events have been mixed. Consequently, there is a need to better understand determinants of variations in cadmium exposure and the association of current population exposure levels with cardiovascular risk factors in diverse population-based studies. Data from a sub-sample of 300 participants from the 2008-11 waves of the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) were used to study the association between urinary cadmium levels and cardiovascular health. SHOW is based on a probabilistic statewide sample of adult (21-74 years old) residents of the state of Wisconsin. Good cardiovascular health (CVH) was defined as recommended by the American Heart Association, using a combination of “ideal or intermediate” levels of seven factors and health behaviors (body mass index, cholesterol, glucose, diet, physical activity, blood pressure and smoking). Associations of log-linear estimates of creatinine-adjusted cadmium levels (ug/g creatinine) and CVH were examined using logistic and linear regression models. Covariates included individual-level demographics (race/ethnicity and gender), SES (median family income and education), smoking status (current or former vs. non), and diet (fruits and vegetable consumption). Urinary cadmium levels (ug/g creatine) were statistically higher than comparable national estimates among women (geometric mean = .36;95% CI =.30-.44) and populations living 200% above federal poverty estimates (geometric mean =.32; 95% CI .28-.38). Higher cadmium levels were associated with good CVH (OR 1.4; 1.06-1.90). Using linear regression log-cadmium levels were inversely associated with BMI (ß=-1.04; p-value=.002) after adjustment for sociodemographic, smoking and dietary factors. Stratified analyses found associations held among non-smokers but not current or former. Cadmium was not associated with any other individual CVH factors. Paradoxically, findings suggest that urinary cadmium levels, a marker of chronic cadmium exposure, are associated with high SES, lower levels of BMI and good cardiovascular health in this population based sample, further exploration and long-term follow-up are warranted.
The role of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of local recurrence and distant metastasis in stage III breast cancer patients
Authors: R. M. Wolfort, K. W. Byrnes, R. H. Turnage, B. D. L. Li, D. Lilian, Q. D. Chu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

729 Background: : Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a relatively new imaging modality that has gained wide acceptance for the detection of recurrent disease in colorectal adenocarcinoma and melanoma. However, its role in evaluating patients with locally advanced breast cancer has not been as well studied. We sought to evaluate its role in the detection for recurrent disease in stage III breast cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective review of 195 patients with stage III breast cancer treated between January of 2000 to November of 2003 was performed. Patients were staged according to the 2003 AJCC staging system. Data on patients who had a PET scan as part of their metastatic work-up were culled. Results of their PET scans were compared to CT scans, MRIs, bone scans, and/or tissue biopsies. Results: Eighteen stage III breast cancer patients had a PET scan as part of their metastatic work-up. PET scans were compared with tissue biopsies in all patients, with CT scans in 15 patients, with MRI’s in 2 patients, and with bone scan in one. Overall, there were 10 true positives, 5 true negatives, 3 false negatives, and no false positives. The overall sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values are shown in Table 1. Of the 10 true positives, 9 patients had evidence of distant disease detected by CT scans, and 1 patient had palpable axillary disease. All patients had cytologic confirmation of disease recurrence. Conclusions: PET scans have high sensitivity and specificity for detecting locoregional and distant recurrence in stage III breast cancer patients. However, with an overall negative predictive value of 62.5%, PET scan does not appear to be superior to conventional imaging modalities (e.g. CT scan). As such, the routine use of PET scan for surveillance cannot be supported at this time. No significant financial relationships to disclose.