tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
QUANTITATIVE SEX HORMONE STUDIES IN HOMOSEXUALITY, CHILDHOOD, AND VARIOUS NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISTURBANCES
Authors: RUDOLPH NEUSTADT, ABRAHAM MYERSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

1. Six hundred colorimetric determinations of androgens and estrogens were performed on the urines of 200 individuals. 2. A standard curve for the daily excretion of androgens and a norm for the ratio male: female hormones was established. 3. Of 29 overt homosexuals 25 show a very characteristic staircase sign, namely, male hormones relatively lower and an excess of estrogens. 4. Other sexual abnormalities, especially transvestism, do not show this staircase sign. 5. Of 12 patients with impotence, 8 cases on a neurotic basis show a very low excretion of androgens and estrogens; the remaining 4 cases show special problems. 6. Another characteristic finding appears in masturbators in whom 6 out of 7 patients show a very high excretion, both in androgens and estrogens. 7. In castration and eunuchism excretion is low; in a case of eunuchism of 25 years' duration, half of the amount of excreted androgens was present in the form of androsterone. 8. In certain endocrine conditions, sex hormone findings appear consistently: high excretion in adrenal tumors; low excretion in pituitary disease; and severe damage to the genital and extra-genital sites of formation of male sex hormones in chronic cases of hypo and hyperthyroidism. In other endocrine conditions, such as in the undescended testicle and hirsutism, the findings are not uniform. 9. Various neurological diseases, such as epidemic encephalitis, Simmond's cachexia, diabetes insipidus and sclerodermia show a diminution of hormones which demands further study. 10. Our findings in the major psychoses are still incomplete. There is no pathogenetic relationship between hormone excretion and involutional melancholia. 11. In children there is a gradual increase of androgens and estrogens according to age and general physical development, reaching in puberty a level even higher than that in the middle-aged adult. There is, however, no evidence of active sexual hormones in very young children, and there is nothing in their urine which can be compared to the typical findings in homosexuality or other types of sexual disturbance. 12. Ultraviolet irradiation is a physiological method of restoring a disturbed hormone balance and, therefore, may play a role in treatment of certain neuropsychiatric conditions.
Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: R.A. Felberg, D.W. Krieger, R. Chuang, D.E. Persse, W.S. Burgin, S.L. Hickenbottom, L.B. Morgenstern, O. Rosales, J.C. Grotta
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background No proven neuroprotective treatment exists for ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest. Mild-to-moderate induced hypothermia (MIH) is effective in animal models. Methods and Results A safety and feasibility trial was designed to evaluate mild-to-moderate induced hypothermia by use of external cooling blankets after cardiac arrest. Inclusion criteria were return of spontaneous circulation within 60 minutes of advanced cardiac life support, hypothermia initiated within 90 minutes, persistent coma, and lack of acute myocardial infarction or unstable dysrhythmia. Hypothermia to 33°C was maintained for 24 hours followed by passive rewarming. Nine patients were prospectively enrolled. Mean time from advanced cardiac life support to return of spontaneous circulation was 11 minutes (range 3 to 30); advanced cardiac life support to initiation of hypothermia was 78 minutes (range 40 to 109); achieving 33°C took 301 minutes (range 90 to 690). Three patients completely recovered, and 1 had partial neurological recovery. One patient developed unstable cardiac dysrhythmia. No other unexpected complications occurred. Conclusions Mild-to-moderate induced hypothermia after cardiac arrest is feasible and safe. However, external cooling is slow and imprecise. Efforts to speed the start of cooling and to improve the cooling process are needed.
Are there gender differences in severity of ankylosing spondylitis? Results from the PSOAS cohort
Authors: W. Lee, J. D Reveille, J. C Davis, T. J Learch, M. M Ward, M. H Weisman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objective:</b> To examine the clinical and radiographic features in men and women in the Prospective Study of Outcomes in Ankylosing Spondylitis cohort, a large well-defined cross-sectional study of patients with AS, in order to understand the influence of gender in determining the severity of ankylosing spondylitis. <b>Methods:</b> Extensive clinical assessments and spine radiographs were performed in 302 men and 100 women with AS of ⩾20 years duration. Radiographs were scored using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiographic Index Spine (BASRI-spine) score (range 2–12). Functional impairment was measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire for the Spondyloarthropathies (HAQ-S). <b>Results:</b> Radiographic severity was worse among men. The unadjusted median BASRI-spine score for men was 10, compared with 6.5 for women (p&lt;0.001). Functional disability, as measured by the BASFI and HAQ-S, was not different between men and women. However, after adjusting for radiographic spinal damage, women were found to report worse functioning than men at any given level of radiographic damage. Women had a slightly earlier age of disease onset; however, disease duration was identical in both groups. Women more frequently reported family histories of AS in first-degree relatives and were more likely to be treated with intra-articular steroids, sulphasalazine and prednisone. <b>Conclusions:</b> Among patients with longstanding AS, men have more severe radiographic changes; findings of treatment differences suggest that women may have more peripheral arthritis. At any given level of radiographic damage, self-reported functional limitations were worse for women.
Expression Signature Defined by<i>FOXM1–CCNB1</i>Activation Predicts Disease Recurrence in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Seon-Kyu Kim, Yun-Gil Roh, Kiejung Park, Tae-Hong Kang, Wun-Jae Kim, Ju-Seog Lee, Sun-Hee Leem, In-Sun Chu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Although standard treatment with transurethral resection and intravesical therapy (IVT) is known to be effective to address the clinical behavior of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), many patients fail to respond to the treatment and frequently experience disease recurrence. Here, we aim to identify a prognostic molecular signature that predicts the NMIBC heterogeneity and response to IVT. Experimental Design: We analyzed the genomic profiles of 102 patients with NMIBC to identify a signature associated with disease recurrence. The validity of the signature was verified in three independent patient cohorts (n = 658). Various statistical methods, including a leave-one-out cross-validation and multivariate Cox regression analyses, were applied to identify a signature. We confirmed an association between the signature and tumor aggressiveness with experimental assays using bladder cancer cell lines. Results: Gene expression profiling in 102 patients with NMIBC identified a CCNB1 signature associated with disease recurrence, which was validated in another three independent cohorts of 658 patients. The CCNB1 signature was shown to be an independent risk factor by a multivariate analysis and subset stratification according to stage and grade [HR, 2.93; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.302–6.594; P = 0.009]. The subset analysis also revealed that the signature could identify patients who would benefit from IVT. Finally, gene network analyses and experimental assays indicated that NMIBC recurrence could be mediated by FOXM1–CCNB1–Fanconi anemia pathways. Conclusions: The CCNB1 signature represents a promising diagnostic tool to identify patients with NMIBC who have a high risk of recurrence and to predict response to IVT. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3233–43. ©2014 AACR.
The Fish Story
Authors: David S. Siscovick, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Dariush Mozaffarian
Journal: Circulation (2003)

linicians frequently are asked whether dietary fat intake influences the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).However, many clinicians remain unclear about the role of dietary fat and fatty acids in the occurrence of CHD.3][4] These studies suggest potentially large effects associated with modest dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs, but the findings also seem to conflict with other reports in the scientific literature. 5,6As a result, there is considerable clinical skepticism about the role of dietary fat and fatty acids in efforts to reduce CHD.
A novel brain imaging technology for concussion management demonstrated on a scopolamine induced cognitive impairment model
Authors: Amit Reches, Noga Gal, Dani Kerem, Shany Grossman, Dalia Dickman, Amir Geva
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective The primary purpose of the current study was to investigate the clinical applicability of Brain Network Activation (BNA), a novel event-related-potential (ERP)-based brain imaging technology, to assess cognitive changes following scopolamine-induced impairment. Design In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study subjects received scopolamine to induce cognitive impairment. An auditory oddball task was performed while high density EEG data was recorded before, during and 1 week after impairment reversal. Settings Research center (CRO). Clinical care not applicable. Participants Healthy volunteers of both genders aged 18–45 years. Fifteen participants were enrolled, 13 completed the study. Interventions 0.4 mg of scopolamine was administered subcutaneously. Main Outcome Measurements Brain network activity of subjects was evaluated and quantified using the BNA technology. Significant change in BNA scores across visits for each subject was identified by a Minimal Important Difference (MID) measure. MID defines the range of normal variability between scores from two repeated visits, based on an external control database (N=75). Changes in BNA scores which cross the MID indicate a significant level of cognitive impairment. Results A significant decline (p&lt;0.01) in BNA scores was observed as a result of scopolamine induced impairment, followed by a significant recovery (p&lt;0.001). At recovery, scores returned to baseline (p=0.58). MID analysis showed that the effect of scopolamine was significantly larger than that of placebo in individual subjects (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions Pharmacologically induced cognitive impairment was successfully identified utilising the BNA technology. The technology could potentially be used clinically to provide functional information regarding network-based cognitive impairment associated with concussion.
Dose Response to Intrarectal Administration of N -Methyl- N -nitrosourea and Histopathologic Evaluation of the Effect of Two Retinoids on Colon Lesions Induced in Rats 2
Authors: Jerrold M. Ward, Michael B. Sporn, Martin L. Wenk, Joseph M. Smith, Deborah Feeser, R. John Dean
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Dose Response to Intrarectal Administration of N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea and Histopathologic Evaluation of the Effect of Two Retinoids on Colon Lesions Induced in Rats Get access Jerrold M. Ward, Jerrold M. Ward Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael B. Sporn, Michael B. Sporn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin L. Wenk, Martin L. Wenk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph M. Smith, Joseph M. Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Deborah Feeser, Deborah Feeser Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. John Dean R. John Dean Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 6, June 1978, Pages 1489–1493, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.6.1489 Published: 01 June 1978 Article history Received: 15 November 1977 Accepted: 30 January 1978 Published: 01 June 1978
Long-Term Outcomes of Selective Bladder Preservation by Combined-Modality Therapy for Invasive Bladder Cancer: The MGH Experience
Authors: Jason A. Efstathiou, Daphna Y. Spiegel, William U. Shipley, Niall M. Heney, Donald S. Kaufman, Andrzej Niemierko, John J. Coen, Rafi Y. Skowronski, Jonathan J. Paly, Francis J. McGovern, Anthony L. Zietman
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Respiratory system, lung, and chest wall mechanics after longitudinal laparotomy in rats
Authors: LF Moreira, ST Aires, CF Gobbi, PH Saldiva, WA Zin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

It has been demonstrated that respiratory resistance and elastance increase whilst the abdomen remains open during longitudinal laparotomy. We wished to determine whether changes also occur after abdominal closure in the same animal preparation. In 10 sedated, anaesthetized paralysed, and mechanically-ventilated rats (309 +/- 33 (SD) g), resistances and elastances of the respiratory system, lung, and chest wall were measured both before longitudinal laparotomy and directly after abdominal closure. Furthermore, the resistances were also split into their initial and difference components, the former reflecting the Newtonian resistances and the latter representing the viscoelastic/inhomogeneous pressure dissipations in the system. For this purpose, the end inflation occlusion during constant inspiratory flow method was used. After laparotomy, no statistically significant changes were found in elastances and resistances of the respiratory system, lungs and chest wall (paired Student's t-test, significance level = 5%). It can be concluded that after midline xiphipubic laparotomy accompanied by bilateral ventro-dorsal infracostal incision, respiratory resistances and elastances were not different from those found in the control condition.
An ecological approach to cognitive (im)penetrability
Authors: Rob Withagen, Claire F. Michaels
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

We offer an ecological (Gibsonian) alternative to cognitive (im)penetrability. Whereas Pylyshyn explains cognitive (im)penetrability by focusing solely on computations carried out by the nervous system, according to the ecological approach the perceiver as a knowing agent influences the entire animal-environmental system: in the determination of what constitutes the environment (affordances), what constitutes information, what information is detected and, thus, what is perceived.
BEHAVIOR OF ATTENUATED MYCOBACTERIA IN ORGANS OF NEONATAL AND ADULT MICE
Authors: Richard Costello, Takateru Izumi, Takehiko Sakurami
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The consequences of Calmette-Guérin bacillus (BCG) vaccination were followed in newborn and adult mice. BCG failed to multiply in the organs of adult mice when administered peritoneally. In contrast, extensive multiplication of the vaccine occurred in both splenic and pulmonary tissue after its peritoneal administration to newborn mice. This absence of tuberculostasis occurred during the period when the animal's spleen, lung, and thymus were rapidly growing. Animals achieved similar levels of resistance to virulent respiratory challenge 10 wk after vaccination irrespective of whether the vaccine had been administered when the mice were newly born and BCG had multiplied in vivo or administered when the animals were fully grown and the BCG had remained in the dormant state. Although neonatal infection with BCG was severe, as shown by the large numbers of organisms recovered from the animals' tissues, the animals suffered no mortality or overt signs of disease. Neonatal vaccination did not significantly affect either the animal's growth rate or the gross development of its organs.
Intravenous 1-antitrypsin in a child with deficiency and severe lung disease
Authors: M. Griese, H. Bruggen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Planarians have become an established model system to study regeneration and stem cells, but the regulatory elements in the genome remain almost entirely undescribed. Here, by integrating epigenetic and expression data we use multiple sources of evidence to identify enhancer elements active in the adult stem cell populations that drive regeneration. We have used ChIP-seq data to identify regions with histone modifications consistent with enhancer identity and activity, and ATAC-seq data to identify accessible chromatin. Overlapping these signals allowed for the identification of a set of high confidence candidate enhancers predicted to be active in planarian adult stem cells. These enhancers are enriched for conserved transcription factor (TF) binding sites for TFs and TF families expressed in planarian adult stem cells. Foot-printing analyses provided further evidence that these potential TF binding sites are occupied in adult stem cells. We integrated these analyses to build testable hypotheses for the regulatory function of transcription factors in stem cells, both with respect to how pluripotency might be regulated, and to how lineage differentiation programs are controlled. Our work identifies active enhancers regulating adult stem cells and regenerative mechanisms.
Energy metabolism analysis reveals the mechanism of inhibition of breast cancer cell metastasis by PEG-modified graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Teng Zhou, Bo Zhang, Peng Wei, Yipeng Du, Hejiang Zhou, Meifang Yu, Liang Yan, Wendi Zhang, Guangjun Nie, Chunying Chen, Yaping Tu, Taotao Wei
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Role of Vitamin D in Skeletal Muscle Function*
Authors: RICARDO BOLAND
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1986)

VITAMIN D plays an essential role in vertebrates. In concert with the two peptide hormones PTH and calcitonin, vitamin D mediates calcium and phosphorus metabolism at target tissues, including intestine, bone, and kidney. The sterol must be metabolically activated before exerting its action. Vitamin D derived from the diet or generated in the skin by photometabolism of 7-dehydrocholesterol or ergosterol undergoes 25-hydroxylation in the liver. In the kidney, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is further metabolized to lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH2)D]. The most biologically active form of vitamin D is 1,25-(OH)2D. 1,25-(OH)2D functions in a classical endocrine fashion. Its production in the kidney is under a complex regulatory system so that more of the metabolite is available when demand for calcium is high. Moreover, there is substantial evidence which indicates that, analogous to classic steroid hormones, 1,25-(OH)2D elicits its biological response in target tissues through a receptor-mediated genomic mechanism of action. The intestinal calcium binding protein is the best characterized gene product made in response to 1,25-(OH)2D. In addition, 1,25-(OH)2D may also affect intestinal calcium transport through a nongenomic mechanism (1–3).
Specialized roles for cysteine cathepsins in health and disease
Authors: Jochen Reiser, Brian Adair, Thomas Reinheckel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Cathepsins were originally identified as proteases that act in the lysosome. Recent work has uncovered nontraditional roles for cathepsins in the extracellular space as well as in the cytosol and nucleus. There is strong evidence that subspecialized and compartmentalized cathepsins participate in many physiologic and pathophysiologic cellular processes, in which they can act as both digestive and regulatory proteases. In this review, we discuss the transcriptional and translational control of cathepsin expression, the regulation of intracellular sorting of cathepsins, and the structural basis of cathepsin activation and inhibition. In particular, we highlight the emerging roles of various cathepsin forms in disease, particularly those of the cardiac and renal systems.
Dendritic epidermal T cells regulate skin antimicrobial barrier function
Authors: Amanda S. MacLeod, Saskia Hemmers, Olivia Garijo, Marianne Chabod, Kerri Mowen, Deborah A. Witherden, Wendy L. Havran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The epidermis, the outer layer of the skin, forms a physical and antimicrobial shield to protect the body from environmental threats. Skin injury severely compromises the epidermal barrier and requires immediate repair. Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC) reside in the murine epidermis where they sense skin injury and serve as regulators and orchestrators of immune responses. Here, we determined that TCR stimulation and skin injury induces IL-17A production by a subset of DETC. This subset of IL-17A-producing DETC was distinct from IFN-γ producers, despite similar surface marker profiles. Functionally, blocking IL-17A or genetic deletion of IL-17A resulted in delayed wound closure in animals. Skin organ cultures from Tcrd-/-, which lack DETC, and Il17a-/- mice both exhibited wound-healing defects. Wound healing was fully restored by the addition of WT DETC, but only partially restored by IL-17A-deficient DETC, demonstrating the importance of IL-17A to wound healing. Following skin injury, DETC-derived IL-17A induced expression of multiple host-defense molecules in epidermal keratinocytes to promote healing. Together, these data provide a mechanistic link between IL-17A production by DETC, host-defense, and wound-healing responses in the skin. These findings establish a critical and unique role of IL-17A-producing DETC in epidermal barrier function and wound healing.
Advancing hypoxic training in team sports: from intermittent hypoxic training to repeated sprint training in hypoxia
Authors: Raphaël Faiss, Olivier Girard, Grégoire P Millet
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Over the past two decades, intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), that is, a method where athletes live at or near sea level but train under hypoxic conditions, has gained unprecedented popularity. By adding the stress of hypoxia during ‘aerobic’ or ‘anaerobic’ interval training, it is believed that IHT would potentiate greater performance improvements compared to similar training at sea level. A thorough analysis of studies including IHT, however, leads to strikingly poor benefits for sea-level performance improvement, compared to the same training method performed in normoxia. Despite the positive molecular adaptations observed after various IHT modalities, the characteristics of optimal training stimulus in hypoxia are still unclear and their functional translation in terms of whole-body performance enhancement is minimal. To overcome some of the inherent limitations of IHT (lower training stimulus due to hypoxia), recent studies have successfully investigated a new training method based on the repetition of short (&lt;30 s) ‘all-out’ sprints with incomplete recoveries in hypoxia, the so-called repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH). The aims of the present review are therefore threefold: first, to summarise the main mechanisms for interval training and repeated sprint training in normoxia. Second, to critically analyse the results of the studies involving high-intensity exercises performed in hypoxia for sea-level performance enhancement by differentiating IHT and RSH. Third, to discuss the potential mechanisms underpinning the effectiveness of those methods, and their inherent limitations, along with the new research avenues surrounding this topic.