tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immortal time bias in estimates of mortality among infliximab-treated patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: J. D. Lewis
Journal: Gut (2010)

<b>INTRODUCTION:</b> Acute viral bronchiolitis is the main lower airway infection and the leading cause of hospitalization in infants in developed countries. Most infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis do not present risk factors for this disease. <b>METHODS:</b> We prospectively evaluated 181 severe bronchiolitis patients admitted in 3 hospitals over a 2-year period (2013-2014) who required oxygen therapy. Control group consisted of 536 healthy adults. Patients were evaluated for epidemiological variables, underwent nasopharyngeal aspiration for the detection of 15 viruses by multiplex-PCR and blood collection for the identification of 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the immune response. Outcomes assessed were length of stay, length of oxygen use, need and length of intensive care unit stay (ICU), need and length of mechanical ventilation and progression to death. <b>RESULTS:</b> We observed an association between rs2107538(<i>RANTES</i>) and bronchiolitis caused by Respiratory Synsytial Virus (RSV) and by RSV-A, and between rs1060826(<i>NOS2</i>) and bronchiolitis caused by Rhinovirus. SNPs rs4986790(<i>TLR4</i>), rs898830(<i>TLR2</i>) and rs2228570(<i>VDR</i>) were associated with progression to death. SNP rs7656411(<i>TLR2</i>) was associated with length of oxygen use. SNPs rs352162(<i>TLR9</i>), rs187084(<i>TLR9</i>) and rs2280788(<i>RANTES</i>) were associated with need of ICU admission. SNPs rs1927911(<i>TLR4</i>), rs352162(<i>TLR9</i>) and rs2107538(<i>RANTES</i>) were associated with need of mechanical ventilation. Patients with RSV-B had shorter length of stay and oxygen use. <b>CONCLUSION:</b> Genetic variability in immune response genes appears to determine the outcomes of severe bronchiolitis, while the genetic contribuition to the prevalence of severe bronchiolitis is condicioned by the type of virus.
Serum levels of 2′, 5 oligoadenylate synthetase during interferon therapy in patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: C. Musolino, P. Grosso, A. Alonci, A. Allegra, A. Orlando, M. Cincotta, G. Buda, G. Squadrito
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

We assayed 2',5 oligoadenylate synthetase (2'5-AS) activity in the serum of eight patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) who were undergoing therapy with alpha interferon (IFN). Mean pretreatment levels of 2'5-AS were normal, but upon treatment the levels rose to higher than normal values. Moreover, the degree of enzyme induction in serum was significantly higher in CLL responders (P < 0.003) whereas no difference was found in non-responders. The lack of serum 2'5-AS induction in non-responder patients might be related to unresponsiveness to treatment with IFN. These results seem to show that the measurement of serum levels of 2'5-AS activity may be a useful tool in monitoring IFN treatment.
Gas Exchange in the Rygg-Kyvsgaard Bubble Oxygenator
Authors: I. H. Rygg, T. Frederiksen, M. Jorgensen
Journal: Thorax (1963)

The Rygg-Kyvsgaard oxygenator employed in extracorporeal circulation (Fig. 1) was designed on the basis of experience gained from experimental operations on dogs (Rygg, Engell, and Kyvsgaard, 1956; Rygg and Kyvsgaard, 1957; Gammelgaard, Husfeldt, and Therkelsen, 1957; Rygg and Kyvsgaard, 1958; Rygg, 1958). However, in experimental operations the opportunities of assessing its oxygenation and carbon dioxide
Salt handling and hypertension
Authors: Kevin M. O’Shaughnessy, Fiona E. Karet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The kidney plays a central role in our ability to maintain appropriate sodium balance, which is critical to determination of blood pressure. In this review we outline current knowledge of renal salt handling at the molecular level, and, given that Westernized societies consume more salt than is required for normal physiology, we examine evidence that the lowering of salt intake can combat hypertension.
Gene Expression Profiling of Hairy Cell Leukemia Reveals a Phenotype Related to Memory B Cells with Altered Expression of Chemokine and Adhesion Receptors
Authors: Katia Basso, Arcangelo Liso, Enrico Tiacci, Roberta Benedetti, Alessandro Pulsoni, Robin Foa, Francesco Di Raimondo, Achille Ambrosetti, Andrea Califano, Ulf Klein, Riccardo Dalla Favera, Brunangelo Falini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic B cell malignancy characterized by the diffuse infiltration of bone marrow and spleen by cells displaying a typical "hairy" morphology. However, the nature of the HCL phenotype and its relationship to normal B cells and to other lymphoma subtypes remains unclear. Using gene expression profiling, we show here that HCL displays a homogeneous pattern of gene expression, which is clearly distinct from that of other B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Comparison with the gene expression profiles of purified normal B cell subpopulations, including germinal center (GC), pre-GC (naive), and post-GC (memory) B cells, shows that HCL cells are more related to memory cells, suggesting a derivation from this B cell population. Notably, when compared with memory cells, HCL cells displayed a remarkable conservation in proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA metabolism programs, whereas they appeared significantly altered in the expression of genes controlling cell adhesion and response to chemokines. Finally, these analyses have identified several genes that are specifically expressed in HCL and whose expression was confirmed at the protein level by immunocytochemical analysis of primary HCL cases. These results have biological implications relevant to the pathogenesis of this malignancy as well as clinical implications for its diagnosis and therapy.
Myocardial Ischemia during Cocaine Withdrawal
Authors: K Nademanee, D A Gorelick, M A Josephson, M A Ryan, J N Wilkins, H A Robertson, F V Mody, V Intarachot
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine the prevalence of myocardial ischemia in patients with cocaine addiction. Design: Myocardial ischemia in chronic cocaine users was detected by serial 24-hour electrocardiographic ambulatory (Holter) monitoring and exercise treadmill testing in chronic cocaine users. The Holter tapes were coded, scanned in a blinded manner, and mixed with the tapes of 42 normal volunteers and 119 patients with either stable or unstable angina. Setting: A 28-day inpatient, substance abuse treatment program followed by an outpatient treatment program. Patients: Twenty-one consecutive male chronic cocaine users. Main Results: Eight of the 21 patients with cocaine addiction had frequent episodes of ST elevation during Holter monitoring; these episodes occurred almost exclusively during the first 2 weeks of withdrawal. None of the volunteers and patients with stable angina and only 4% of the patients with unstable angina had episodes of ST elevation during Holter monitoring (cocaine users compared with volunteers, P = 0.0004). Of the 20 cocaine patients who had exercise treadmill testing, only 1 had a positive test for ischemia. Conclusions: Cocaine users frequently develop silent myocardial ischemia manifesting as episodes of ST elevation during the first weeks of withdrawal. The underlying mechanisms for these changes remain unknown, but our observations support the hypothesis that coronary vasospasm plays an important role in cocaine-related ischemic syndromes.
A meta-analysis of the association between adherence to drug therapy and mortality
Authors: Scot H Simpson, Dean T Eurich, Sumit R Majumdar, Rajdeep S Padwal, Ross T Tsuyuki, Janice Varney, Jeffrey A Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate the relation between adherence to drug therapy, including placebo, and mortality. <b>Design</b> Meta-analysis of observational studies. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic databases, contact with investigators, and textbooks and reviews on adherence. <b>Review methods</b> Predefined criteria were used to select studies reporting mortality among participants with good and poor adherence to drug therapy. Data were extracted for disease, drug therapy groups, methods for measurement of adherence rate, definition for good adherence, and mortality. <b>Results</b> Data were available from 21 studies (46 847 participants), including eight studies with placebo arms (19 633 participants). Compared with poor adherence, good adherence was associated with lower mortality (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 0.63). Good adherence to placebo was associated with lower mortality (0.56, 0.43 to 0.74), as was good adherence to beneficial drug therapy (0.55, 0.49 to 0.62). Good adherence to harmful drug therapy was associated with increased mortality (2.90, 1.04 to 8.11). <b>Conclusion</b> Good adherence to drug therapy is associated with positive health outcomes. Moreover, the observed association between good adherence to placebo and mortality supports the existence of the “healthy adherer” effect, whereby adherence to drug therapy may be a surrogate marker for overall healthy behaviour.
Intraairway thermal profiles during exercise and hyperventilation in normal man.
Authors: E R McFadden, B M Pichurko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

When large volumes of air are inhaled at rapid rates of ventilation, substantial segments of the tracheobronchial tree become involved in the conditioning process and the inspirate does not reach body conditions of temperature and humidity until it passes well into the peripheral bronchi. To determine if the manner in which ventilation is elevated is an important factor in producing this response, we measured the temperature of the airstream at six points in the tracheobronchial tree from the pharynx to the subsegmental bronchi during 5 min of exercise and voluntary hyperventilation in seven normal subjects while they inhaled frigid air. Minute ventilation and respiratory frequency were recorded at minute intervals and intrathoracic temperatures were measured continuously. With both forms of hyperpnea, airway temperature fell dramatically, and there were no significant differences between exercise and hyperventilation. These results demonstrate that the thermal events that occur within the lung during short, moderately intense degrees of exercise can be readily simulated by voluntary hyperventilation when ventilation and inspired air conditions are matched. Our data also indicate that this form of exercise does not result in an increase in airstream temperature and raise the possibility that the bronchial blood supply may be determined by the local thermal needs of the airways to recover heat and water independent of, at least moderate, increases in cardiac output.
Carriers of the aspartylglucosaminuria genetic mutation and chronic arthritis
Authors: M Arvio
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Objective: To ascertain whether being a carrier of an autosomal recessive disease, aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU), predisposes to chronic arthritis, as does AGU disease. Methods: A group of 173 unrelated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but with no family members with AGU each gave a blood sample for AGUfin major mutation DNA analysis. A group of 131 AGU carriers who were parents of patients with AGU completed a questionnaire on joint symptoms and gave a blood sample for rheumatoid factor (RF) analysis. Eight RF positive parents with prolonged joint symptoms had a rheumatological evaluation. Results: Six patients (1/28) with RA were carriers of the AGUfin major mutation, whereas the carrier frequency among Finns in general is 1/50 to 1/85. Three AGU carriers had chronic arthritis (2.3%), and 17 (13%) were RF positive; the respective percentages among Finns in general are 1.4% and 5%. Conclusion: As for AGU disease, carrier status may also predispose to chronic arthritis.
Hyperemesis gravidarum, a literature review
Authors: M.F.G. Verberg, D.J. Gillott, N. Al-Fardan, J.G. Grudzinskas
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2005)

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a condition causing severe nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy often resulting in hospital admission. The incidence of HG is approximately 0.5% of live births, said to be higher in multiple pregnancies, hydatidiform mole and other conditions associated with increased pregnancy hormone levels. Both the aetiology and pathogenesis of HG remain unknown. We conducted a literature review (1966-now) to summarize the current evidence on the aetiology and pathogenesis of HG. The potential role of pregnancy-related hormones such as progesterone, estrogen and HCG has been widely studied; however, various other hormones such as leptin, placental growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid and adrenal cortical hormones have been implicated in the aetiology of HG. In addition to endocrinological hypotheses, the rationale and evidence considering infectious, immunological, psychological, metabolic and anatomical causes for HG have been analysed here. Many studies suffer from the low number of patients included, the variable definition used for HG and varying assay methodology used in studies of hormone measurement. This review highlights the need for more extensive studies addressing the pathogenesis and aetiology of HG.
Regulation of natural antiallotype antibody responses by idiotype network-induced auto-antiidiotypic antibodies.
Authors: L S Rodkey, F L Adler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

This study was designed to determine whether natural immune responses could elicit immunoregulatory auto-antiidiotypic antibodies. Female rabbits heterozygous at the a and b Ig loci were bred to homozygous males. Offspring of one such breeding were studied for natural production of antibodies specific for the noninherited allotypes and for the production of immunoregulatory auto-antiidiotypic antibodies. All offspring mounted natural antiallotype responses. The anti-a1 responses cycled as a function of time whereas the anti-b5 responses were invariant. Anti-a1 responses from two offspring were shown to change specificity for different a1 subsets as they cycled. Anti-a1 was purified from the first cycle and was used to assay for auto-antiidiotypic responses. Auto-antiidiotypic antibodies were detected and were found to cycle in an inverse way with the anti-a1 cycles. The idiotopes detected using the natural auto-antiidiotypic antisera were strongly cross-reactive. Subsequent deliberate immunization showed that antibodies specific for all a1 subsets could be elicited after auto-antiidiotypic regulation had functioned. The data support the interpretation that idiotype network interactions indeed function in naturally occurring immunologic situations and are not merely laboratory curiosities or artifacts.
Dissemination of Research Findings to Research Participants Living with HIV in Rural Uganda: Challenges and Rewards
Authors: Anna Baylor, Conrad Muzoora, Mwebsa Bwana, Annet Kembabazi, Jessica E. Haberer, Lynn T. Matthews, Alexander C. Tsai, Peter W. Hunt, Jeffrey N. Martin, David R. Bangsberg
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Community participatory research emphasizes communication of study findings to research participants of vulnerable populations [1].Most dissemination activities in sub-Saharan Africa have occurred after the completion (or termination) of randomized clinical trials of a defined intervention [2][3][4].Sharing research findings with participants during observational research can avoid therapeutic misconception [5] as well as evaluate the validity of research involving knowledge, attitudes, or behavior through a ''member check'' procedure in which investigators conduct interviews regarding the relevancy and saliency of their findings [6].Nonetheless, the communication of research findings to participants living with HIV enrolled in observational research in a rural sub-Saharan African setting is less straightforward and presents significant challenges with respect to literacy, language, logistics, and confidentiality.We communicated research findings to 540 participants enrolled in an ongoing 7year prospective cohort study of HIV treatment in Mbarara, Uganda.We had not organized prior dissemination meetings.This participant dissemination meeting was motivated in part by feedback from a study participant, who said: ''You have been asking me questions and taking my blood for years but I do not know anything about what you have found.''Herein, we describe our first approach to the preparation, logistics, confidentiality concerns, format, participant responses, and follow-up of the dissemination process.
Neuroactive Steroids and Suicidality in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Marian I Butterfield, Karen M Stechuchak, Kathryn M Connor, Jonathan R T Davidson, Chungsheng Wang, Courteney L MacKuen, Anne M Pearlstein, Christine E Marx
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies suggest that neuroactive steroids may be altered in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since high rates of suicidality accompany PTSD, the authors investigated neuroactive steroid levels and correlations to suicide attempts in veterans with this disorder. METHOD: Male veterans with PTSD enrolled in a larger study during inpatient hospitalization (N=130) were assessed for suicidal ideation or suicide attempt in the last 6 months. Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol were determined. The authors investigated associations between neuroactive steroids and suicidality. RESULTS: High rates of suicidality were observed. Close to 70% of these patients had suicidal thoughts, and 25% had attempted suicide in the last 6 months. Patients who had attempted suicide demonstrated significantly higher median DHEA levels than those who had not attempted suicide (15.6 versus 8.3 ng/ml), an association that persisted after adjustment for age. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that higher DHEA levels may be linked to suicidality in veterans with PTSD and may be associated with the risk of self-harm.
Phase II, two-stage, single-arm trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) romidepsin in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
Authors: L.R. Molife, G. Attard, P.C. Fong, V. Karavasilis, A.H.M. Reid, S. Patterson, C.E. Riggs, C. Higano, W.M. Stadler, W. McCulloch, D. Dearnaley, C. Parker, J.S. de Bono
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Negative-pressure ventilation: is there still a role?
Authors: A. Corrado, M. Gorini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Negative-pressure ventilation (NPV) was the primary mode of assisted ventilation for patients with acute respiratory failure until the Copenhagen polio epidemic in the 1950s, when, because there was insufficient equipment, it was necessary to ventilate patients continually by hand via an endotracheal tube. Thereafter, positive-pressure ventilation was used routinely. Since it was also observed that patients with obstructive sleep apnoea could be treated noninvasively with positive pressure via a nasal mask, noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) has become the most widely used noninvasive mode of ventilation. However, NPV still has a role in the treatment of certain patients. In particular, it has been used to good effect in patients with severe respiratory acidosis or an impaired level of consciousness, patients that to date have been excluded from all prospective controlled trials of NPPV. NPV may be used in those who cannot tolerate a facial mask because of facial deformity, claustrophobia or excessive airway secretion. NPV has also been used successfully in small children, and beneficial effects on the cardiopulmonary circulation maybe a particular advantage in children undergoing complex cardiac reconstructive surgery. This review is divided into two parts: the first is concerned with the use of negative-pressure ventilation in the short term, and the second with its use in the long term.
Sitosterol Feeding
Authors: R. E. SHIPLEY, R. R. PEEIFFER, M. M. MARSH, R. C. ANDERSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Sitosterol has previously been shown to block cholesterol absorption in both animals and man. Its clinical effectiveness in reducing hypercholesteremia has been repeatedly demonstrated. For periods exceeding 4 years, large amounts of sitosterol have been given daily for maintaining reduction of serum cholesterol concentration. The possibility of adverse side effects resulting from chronic administration has been considered. Long-term animal and clinical studies indicate that sitosterol has no detectable toxicity and does not accumulate or deposit in tissues.
Immunosuppressive Factors From Mastocytoma Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium23
Authors: Masataka Nakamura, Nakao Ishida, Isao Kamo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Immunosuppressive Factors From Mastocytoma Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium Get access Masataka Nakamura, Masataka Nakamura 4Department of Bacteriology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nakao Ishida, Nakao Ishida 4Department of Bacteriology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Isao Kamo Isao Kamo 4Department of Bacteriology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980, Japan. 5Present address: National Center for Nervous, Mental and Muscular Disorders, 2620 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187, Japan. 6We thank Professor S. U. Kim, Department of Neuropathology, University of Pennsylvania, for his valuable help in preparation of the manuscript. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 4, October 1980, Pages 759–768, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.4.759 Published: 01 October 1980 Article history Received: 16 October 1979 Accepted: 09 April 1980 Published: 01 October 1980
Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid–Binding Protein and Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nicolae M. Panduru, Carol Forsblom, Markku Saraheimo, Lena Thorn, Angelika Bierhaus, Per M. Humpert, Per-Henrik Groop
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has mainly been considered a glomerular disease, although tubular dysfunction may also play a role. This study assessed the predictive value for progression of a tubular marker, urinary liver-type fatty acid–binding protein (L-FABP), at all stages of DN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS At baseline, 1,549 patients with type 1 diabetes had an albumin excretion rate (AER) within normal reference ranges, 334 had microalbuminuria, and 363 had macroalbuminuria. Patients were monitored for a median of 5.8 years (95% CI 5.7–5.9). In addition, 208 nondiabetic subjects were studied. L-FABP was measured by ELISA and normalized with urinary creatinine. Different Cox proportional hazard models for the progression at every stage of DN were used to evaluate the predictive value of L-FABP. The potential benefit of using L-FABP alone or together with AER was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. RESULTS L-FABP was an independent predictor of progression at all stages of DN. As would be expected, receiver operating characteristic curves for the prediction of progression were significantly larger for AER than for L-FABP, except for patients with baseline macroalbuminuria, in whom the areas were similar. Adding L-FABP to AER in the models did not significantly improve risk prediction of progression in favor of the combination of L-FABP plus AER compared with AER alone. CONCLUSIONS L-FABP is an independent predictor of progression of DN irrespective of disease stage. L-FABP used alone or together with AER may not improve the risk prediction of DN progression in patients with type 1 diabetes, but further studies are needed in this regard.