tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-131 Factors Contributing To Variance Between Arfi Elastography And Liver Histology: Results Of A Large Unselected Consecutive Series With Simultaneous Biopsy Of Arfi Measurement Site
Authors: DI Sherman, MJ Sangwaiya, P Tadrous, P Bassett, RD Abeles, O Kemp, P Shorvon
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> ARFI™ (Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse) elastography is a widely applicable technique for the non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis, which has been well validated in viral hepatitis patients. As with transient elastography, the predictive value of this technique falls in intermediate stages of fibrosis, and shear velocity readings may also be affected by a number of other factors. However, few studies have systematically exam:ined the causes of the observed variance with liver histology. We report the results of a large unselected series, in which liver stiffness and histology have been sampled simultaneously from the same region of liver tissue. <h3>Methods</h3> One hundred and eighty six unselected, consecutive secondary care referrals underwent simultaneous elastography and liver biopsy from the same right lobe liver window, both performed or supervised by a single senior radiologist in all cases. ARFI shear velocity measurements were made using a standard 10 observation technique, and biopsies taken using an 18G Biopince™ needle. All biopsies were reviewed by a single specialist histopathologist. Clinical, laboratory, elastographic and histological data were analysed retrospectively. ARFI/histological variance (AHV) was defined as a difference of more than 1 Metavir or 2 Ishak stages from that predicted by ARFI, according to standard calibration.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Results</h3> Aetiologies were 99 viral hepatitis, 39 autoimmune (AILD) and other in 48. AHV was seen in 56(30.1%), of which 46(82%) showed a lower histological stage than predicted. AHV was not associated with age, gender, or ARFI measurement depths. Inflammation (ALT, necroinflammation), steatosis (US echogenicity, histology), suboptimal ARFI quality (IQR/median &gt; 0.3) and AILD aetiology were significantly more common in AHV (p = 0.01, 0.007, &lt;0.001 and 0.018, respectively). Two or more of these variables were present in 61% of variants, compared with 26.9% of non-variants (p &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> These simultaneous paired data show that ARFI/ histological variance is common and influenced by aetiology, inflammation, steatosis and technical quality. It is more common in active autoimmune liver disease than in viral hepatitis. Assuming that histology is a true “Gold standard”, taking these 4 factors into account when interpreting ARFI scores will assist in assessing the predictive reliability of elastography, and hence in clinical decision making with regard to liver biopsy and treatment. Further prospective studies with paired ARFI/histology sampling are warranted to confirm these findings. <h3>Reference</h3> Friedrich-Rust M, <i>et al</i>.<i> Radiology</i> 2009:252: 595–604 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
IS INCREASED CALCIUM DENSITY OF CORONARY ARTERY PLAQUE ASSOCIATED WITH LESION-SPECIFIC ISCHEMIA: A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER COMPARISON STUDY TO FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE?
Authors: Alexander Abramowicz, Iksung Cho, Hyung-Bok Park, Briain O’Hartaigh, Valentina Valenti, Joshua Schulman-Marcus, Guanglei Xiong, Kimberly Elmore, Erica Jones, James Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
FRI0318 Mortality in osteoarthritis patients consulting health care
Authors: R. Liu, W.Y. Kwok, T.P. Vliet Vlieland, H.M. Kroon, I. Meulenbelt, F.R. Rosendaal, T.W. Huizinga, M. Kloppenburg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Metabolic factors such as obesity play a role in the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA). A connection between OA, metabolic syndrome and subsequently mortality has been suggested. Evidence concerning mortality has unfortunately been controversial, we therefore sought to examine the occurrence of mortality in our OA cohorts. <h3>Methods</h3> 384 patients were included in the "Genetics ARthrosis and Progression" (GARP) study, a prospective longitudinal cohort, with symptomatic OA at multiple sites in the hand or in at least 2 of the following sites: hand, knee, hip or spine. Patients consulted rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons or general practitioners and underwent baseline assessment between August 2000 and March 2003. For the replication analysis, we studied 460 patients who consulted the rheumatology outpatient clinic and the clinical nurse specialist. They were consecutively included in the "Zorgpad artrose" cohort between August 2005 and April 2009 and were diagnosed by the rheumatologist with primary hand, knee or hip OA. All subjects were followed until 2 November 2011. Mortality was compared between included patients with OA and the general population in the Netherlands, matched for both age and gender. For GARP, the expected numbers of deaths came from age and gender specific mortality data provided in the mortality statistics from 2006 in 5-year age bands and for "Zorgpad artrose" the data came from 2009. Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using STATA (version 10.1). <h3>Results</h3> The GARP study consisted of 384 participants (82% women) and the mean age at inclusion was 60.1 (range 42-79). The duration of follow-up was 9.0 (SD 1.2). No excess mortality was observed in OA patients when compared to the general population. 26 patients died, while the expected number of deaths was 48 (SMR 0.54, 95% CI 0.37 - 0.79). The SMR was 0.47 (0.29 - 0.76) in women and 0.73 (0.39 - 1.35) in men. Healthy cohort effect was also tested and not likely present. In our replication cohort we found similar results (11 patients died, SMR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25 - 0.82). The SMR was also lower in women (0.40, 0.20 - 0.81) than in men (0.66, 0.21 - 2.06) <h3>Conclusions</h3> In patients consulting health care, OA does not lead to a higher mortality rate in women and a similar trend can be observed in men. These results do not support the hypothesis that metabolic syndrome is an important cause of OA and would influence the mortality of patients consulting primary or secondary health care for their complaints. Further investigations will be needed to determine whether this is due to selection of patients or reflects a true absence of metabolic syndrome in OA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract P4-06-14: Induction of Blimp-1 in Breast Cancer Cells Is Mediated by Activator Protein-1 and Promotes Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-ß-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: M Romagnoli, K Belguise, X Wang, GE. Sonenshein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The vast majority of breast cancers has been shown to display aberrant constitutive expression of NF-kB subunits, which enhances their mobility and promotes their survival and malignancy. Recently, we demonstrated that the RelB NF-kB subunit promotes migration of breast cancer cells, in part via repression of estrogen receptor (ER)α transcription. Furthemore, we showed that inhibition of the ERα promoter was mediated by the zinc finger transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (Blimp-1), transcribed from the PRDM1 gene, which is induced by RelB-mediated activation of a Bcl-2/Ras pathway. Indeed, we showed for the first time that Blimp-1 is present in breast cancer and is more highly expressed in ERα negative breast cancer cells where it plays an essential role in their migratory and invasive abilities. Blimp-1 is a well-known zinc finger repressor, which is critical for terminal differentiation of B and T cells and for migration of primordial germ cells. Here we have examined the mechanism of activation of Blimp-1 expression in breast cancer cells. Given the role of Ras to c-Raf signaling in migration of cancer cells, we tested the role of this downstream mediator. A constitutively active c-Raf led to induction of Blimp-1 in breast cancer lines while a dominant negative variant reduced its levels. RelB/p52 NF-kB complexes induced c-Jun, c-Fos, Fra-1 and Fra-2 Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) subunits, which activated the PRDM1 gene promoter. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induces a more mesenchymal phenotype of breast cancer cells. Treatment of NMuMG breast epithelial cells with TGF-β led to Blimp-1 activation through AP-1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, Blimp-1 knockdown counteracted TGF-mediated EMT and wound healing in both NMuMG and MDA-MB-231 breast cells. Thus, activation of AP-1 complexes via a Ras/Raf/Erk signaling pathway mediates induction of PRDM1 gene transcription and Blimp-1 expression in ERα negative breast cancer cells, which is essential for TGF-β-induced mesenchymal phenotype. Therefore, downstream mediators of Blimp-1 activity might emerge as new therapeutic targets for treatment of patients with ERα negative breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-14.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Rib Detected on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: MURAT TUNCEL, MELTEM CAGLAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

From Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Received for publication August 6, 2001. Accepted October 8, 2001. Correspondence: Meltem Caglar, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sıhhıye 06100 Ankara, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract 4948: Silencing of <i>Hint1,</i> a novel tumor suppressor gene, by promoter hypermethylation in human breast cancer
Authors: Yu-jing Zhang, Haiyang Li, Andrew K. Joe, Hanina H. Hibshoosh, Bernard Weinstein, Regina M. Santella
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The HINT1 protein, a member of the histidine triad (HIT) family, is highly conserved in diverse species and ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues. Hint1 has been proven a haploinsufficient suppressor gene. In previous studies, it was demonstrated that promoter hypermethylation of Hint1 may play a role in the development of colon cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we investigated the aberrant methylation of the Hint1 promoter and explored possible relationships between aberrant methylation and clinicopathological features and other parameters in breast cancer. Hypermethylation of Hint1 was evaluated by methylation specific PCR (MSP) in 81 breast cancer samples, of which 17 cases (21%) displayed Hint1 promoter hypermethylation. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between Hint1 promoter hypermethylation and p27Cip1/Kip1 expression. This is consistent with our previous finding that HINT1 up-regulates cellular levels of p27Cip1/Kip1. No significant correlation was found between the Hint1 promoter methylation status and the expression of p53, p21, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu. Taken together, these results suggest that promoter hypermethylation of Hint1 may contribute to carcinogenesis of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4948.
P12.05 * THE EVOLUTION TOWARDS MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY IN CRANIOPHARYNGIOMAS AND SKULL BASE CHORDOMAS
Authors: P. Ferroli, E. La Corte, F. Acerbi, M. Broggi, M. Schiariti, A. Maccari, L. Fariselli, B. Pollo, A. Franzini, G. Broggi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Surgery of craniopharyngiomas and skull base chordomas represents a challenge even for experienced surgeons. Although a safe strategy of treatment does not exist, many options can be considered to manage this baffling problem. The aim of this study is to describe the evolution from traditional open surgery to the application of the endoscopic endonasal technique and compare the different surgical approaches establishing the validity of each procedure, in order to propose a valid and safe treatment algorithm. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 130 patients aged between 3 and 84 years who underwent surgical procedures for craniopharyngioma in the decade 1993-2013 and 16 patients aged between 13 and 85 years affected by skull base chordomas who underwent surgical treatment at the Besta Neurological Institute in the last four years (2010-2014). The plan of treatment and the surgical procedure used for each patient, were object of critical essay. RESULTS: Overall, 170 surgical procedures were performed for primitive and recurrent craniopharyngiomas on 130 patients. The pterional approach was used in 104 cases, followed by four hands-four eyes endoscopic endonasal in 23 cases, inter-hemipheric trans-lamina terminalis in 19, stereotactic local interferon administration and endoscopic procedures for intracystic fluid drainage in 17 and others approaches in 7. In the skull base chordoma group, 10 patients underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach to the skull base. The other patients were treated as follows: 5 fully microscopic approach (2 facial degloving, 2 far lateral approaches and 1 transpetrous) and one transnasal microscopic endoscopic-assisted approach. CONCLUSIONS: Although the period of the study showed the strong presence of the open microsurgery approaches, the selective analysis of the last four years showed a dramatic change of the surgical options in support of as less invasive as efficacious ones. The use of traditional approaches, still indicated in few cases, is constantly decreasing in recent years. A “maximal safe resection” followed by adjuvant therapies should guarantee a good compromise between survival and quality of life with lower mortality and morbidity for craniopharyngioma and skull base chordoma patients.
A5.04 Longitudinal<i>in vivo</i>multimodal [<sup>18</sup>f]FDG pet-ct imaging monitors the reversibility of systemic inflammatory processes upon tnf blockade in experimental arthritis
Authors: S Hayer, M Zeilinger, M Dumanic, M Seibt, B Niederreiter, T Shvets, JS Smolen, M Hacker, K Redlich, MM Mitterhauser
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Objective</h3> To use <i><i>in vivo</i></i> multimodal [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG (fluoro-D-glucose) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging for the assessment and monitoring of systemic inflammatory processes and its colocalized bone destructions before and after TNF blockade in human tumour necrosis factor transgenic (hTNFtg) mice, an established mouse model of chronic inflammatory, erosive polyarthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> 8 week old hTNFtg mice were treated with anti-TNF antibodies (i.p., 3x times per week, 10 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. Before and after the treatment period isofluran-anaesthetised hTNFtg mice and their wt littermates were used for [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET-CT scans using an Inveon small animal PET/CT/SPECT multimodality system (Siemens Medical Solutions). Mice received [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG (˜25 MBq) either by intra-venous injection for dynamic (0–90 min) or by intra-orbital injections for static PET scans (45 min post injection) followed by whole-body and high resolution leg CT scans (800 kV, 500 µA, 800 ms, 360 projections, FOV whole-body: 10 cm or legs: 4 cm, Feldkamp, Ramp filter). PET reconstructions were conducted with OSEM3D/MAP, FBP algorithm using the Inveon Acquisition Workplace software. Joints were subsequently isolated, fixed in 7% formaldehyde for 24 h and stored in 70% ethanol for <i><i>ex vivo</i></i> high resolution µCT imaging (Scanco µCT35, energy: 55 kVp; 145 µA, 8 W; FOV/diameter 12.3). Synovial inflammation, bone and cartilage destruction were assessed in hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and toluidine-blue (TB) stained paraffin-embedded joint sections. <h3>Results</h3> Before therapeutic interventions we observed an increased accumulation of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG in various joints of hTNFtg mice including knees, ankles, shoulders, elbows, wrists, hips, iliosacroiliac and atlanto-axial joints compared to wt littermates. Four weeks after anti-TNF treatment we found a significant decrease in [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG uptake in the same individuals. Fusion of PET images with CT scans demonstrated intact bone surfaces in anti-TNF-treated animals. In contrast, placebo treated hTNFtg animals showed progressed [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG uptake and severe bone destructions by CT in the above mentioned joints. Therapeutic effects on synovial inflammation, bone erosion and cartilage damage were also confirmed on histological sections and µCTs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> <i>In vivo</i> multimodal [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET-CT imaging provides an objective, non-invasive imaging tool for the longitudinal monitoring of inflammatory processes and morphological features of bone destruction during therapeutic interventions in arthritic mice.
Q-Wave and Non-Q-Wave Myocardial Infarctions Through the Eyes of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Andrew E. Arai, Glenn A. Hirsch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The Blunted Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia in Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: N. H. Edelman, S. Lahiri, L. Braudo, N. S. Cherniack, A. P. Fishman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The ventilatory response to acute hypoxia (transient nitrogen inhalation) was compared in cyanotic congenital heart disease, noncyanotic heart disease and normal subjects; in two of six cyanotic subjects, the ventilatory response was reassessed after the cardiac defects were repaired. Ventilatory responses were quantitated by relating the maximum increase in ventilation to maximum decrease in arterial oxygen saturation for each period of nitrogen inhalation. The ventilatory responses of cyanotic subjects were significantly less than normal, and a direct relation was found between the degree of chronic hypoxemia and the reduction of ventilatory response to acute hypoxia. However, unlike the irreversible diminished ventilatory responses of natives born at high altitude, the blunting of the hypoxic response caused by cyanotic congenital heart disease was reversed when the hypoxemia was abolished.
Transnasal pharyngoscopy to assist nasobiliary tube placement: a simple technique to avoid injury to the patient, endoscopist, and endoscope
Authors: C. Hu
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

We read with interest the article by Dr Baron [1] on his “safe” transnasoral endoscopic technique to facilitate nasobiliary catheter placement while avoiding injury to the endoscopist. Oral-nasal transfer of a nasal transfer tube (NTT) is the final step of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD), which involves introduction of a NTT from the nose to the posterior oropharynx. This blind insertion process, similar to nasogastric tube placement, can cause pain and nasomucosal injury. Moreover, according to most manufacturers’ instructions, a pair of forceps is used to grasp the NTT out of the posterior oropharynx; however, this rigid instrument may also cause mucosal injury to the oral cavity and oropharynx ([Fig. 1 a]). Sometimes endoscopists risk their fingers being bitten during this procedure ([Fig. 1 b]).
James Geddis Kernohan
Authors: J. Dinley
Journal: BMJ (2013)

While at Queen’s University, Belfast, James Geddis Kernohan (“Jim”) honed his talents for rowing, which were rewarded by a seat in the university’s “first boat.”

He first met his future wife, Sandra in 1971 at the Ulster Hospital, Belfast, where they were both working, Jim as a final year medical student and Sandra as a staff nurse. They were married in 1973, at which time Jim was working as a pathology demonstrator at the Royal Victoria Hospital. As an added challenge to his training programme and his French linguistic skills; …
S47 Comparing Coping Strategies While Driving in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) and in Healthy Controls: Abstract S47 Table 1
Authors: A Dwarakanath, D Ghosh, SL Jamson, MW Elliott
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Tiredness while driving is potentially fatal and it is recommended that a driver who starts to feel tired should stop and have a rest, but some may use various strategies to try to stay alert. We devised a questionnaire that assessed various commonly used coping strategies and explored whether there is a difference between patients with OSAS and normal controls. We also hypothesised that patients might admit to utilising such strategies more readily than to sleepiness while driving and asked about sleepiness while driving in various situations. <h3>Method</h3> 133 (52±10 yrs, ESS 12±6, ODI 31± 24) untreated OSAS patients and 49 healthy controls (45±17 yrs, ESS 3±2) were included in the study. The coping strategy section included ten questions about various strategies they adapt in order to stay awake. They were asked to rate on a 3-point scale, from “never” to “frequently”. The questionnaire was scored by adding up the ratings for the ten questions, and the highest possible score was 30. Comparisons were made using one way ANOVA. <h3>Results</h3> There was a significant difference in the total coping strategy score between the patients of different severities (mild, moderate, severe, as per ODI) and the healthy controls. However there was no difference when different severities of OSAS were compared against each other (Table 1). There was strong correlation between the coping strategy score &amp; ESS (Spearman r=0.53, p&lt;0.0001). 81% (38/47) of patients and 77% (23/30) of controls who did not admit to feeling sleepy while driving admitted using coping strategies. <h3>Conclusion</h3> OSAS patients report using significantly higher number of coping strategies compared to healthy individuals irrespective of the severity of disease. It also correlated strongly with marker of day time sleepiness (ESS). Asking about such coping strategies may be a better way identifying who are at risk of an accident than asking directly about problems with sleepiness while driving.
Too Old for What?
Authors: George E. Thibault
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

An 87-year-old independent and active woman with no known heart or pulmonary disease went to see her physician because she had shortness of breath.The two most common causes of shortness of breath in this age group are pulmonary disease and cardiac disease. In the pulmonary category, I would worry that she had pneumonitis or an interstitial process such as pulmonary fibrosis. In the cardiac category, I'd be concerned about left ventricular failure secondary either to coronary artery disease or to hypertensive heart disease. Dyspnea could also be a manifestation of valvular heart disease. Patients in this age . . .