tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the induction of active Heymann nephritis
Authors: M J Penny, R A Boyd, B M Hall
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

The effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was examined in active Heymann nephritis (HN), an animal model of human membranous nephropathy. HN was induced in Lewis rats with Fx1A/complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and controls only received CFA. The induction of HN was prevented by MMF (30 mg/kg per d) from 0 to 4 wk after immunization. Proteinuria was not different in CFA controls up to 16 wk, and was significantly less than in untreated HN from 6 wk onward. Serum anti-Fx1A antibody (Ab) levels and glomerular Ig deposition were suppressed during therapy. The interstitial infiltrate of alphabetaTCR+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages (mphi) observed in untreated HN at 8 wk was absent from rats treated from 0 to 4 wk with MMF. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR for renal mononuclear cell cytokine mRNA at 8 wk demonstrated that MMF from 0 to 4 wk prevented the increased expression of Th1 (interferon-gamma, lymphotoxin), Th2 (interleukin-4), and mphi (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) cytokines identified in untreated HN. In lymph node draining sites of immunization, MMF limited both enlargement and the increased proportion of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells observed in untreated HN and CFA controls. MMF suppressed Th2 (interleukin-4) but not Th1 (interferon-gamma, lymphotoxin) cytokine mRNA expression in lymph nodes. MMF from 4 to 8, 6 to 12, or 10 to 14 wk did not prevent proteinuria, serum anti-Fx1A Ab, or glomerular IgG deposition when compared with untreated HN. This study showed that MMF from 0 to 4 wk prevented the induction of HN and was associated with preferential suppression of Th2 cytokines. This therapy may prove useful in human idiopathic membranous nephropathy.
Paired-Related Homeobox Gene <i>Prx1</i> Is Required for Pulmonary Vascular Development
Authors: Kaori Ihida-Stansbury, David M. McKean, Sarah A. Gebb, James F. Martin, Troy Stevens, Raphael Nemenoff, Ann Akeson, Jessica Vaughn, Peter Lloyd Jones
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Herein, we show that the paired-related homeobox gene, Prx1 , is required for lung vascularization. Initial studies revealed that Prx1 localizes to differentiating endothelial cells (ECs) within the fetal lung mesenchyme, and later within ECs forming vascular networks. To begin to determine whether Prx1 promotes EC differentiation, fetal lung mesodermal cells were transfected with full-length Prx1 cDNA, resulting in their morphological transformation to an endothelial-like phenotype. In addition, Prx1-transformed cells acquired the ability to form vascular networks on Matrigel. Thus, Prx1 might function by promoting pulmonary EC differentiation within the fetal lung mesoderm, as well as their subsequent incorporation into vascular networks. To understand how Prx1 participates in network formation, we focused on tenascin-C (TN-C), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein induced by Prx1. Immunocytochemistry/histochemistry showed that a TN-C–rich ECM surrounds Prx1-positive pulmonary vascular networks both in vivo and in tissue culture. Furthermore, antibody-blocking studies showed that TN-C is required for Prx1-dependent vascular network formation on Matrigel. Finally, to determine whether these results were relevant in vivo, we examined newborn Prx1 –wild-type (+/+) and Prx1 -null (−/−) mice and showed that Prx1 is critical for expression of TN-C and lung vascularization. These studies provide a framework to understand how Prx1 controls EC differentiation and their subsequent incorporation into functional pulmonary vascular networks.
Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Ibopamine and Diagoxin in Patients With Mild to Moderate Heart Failure: Results of the Dutch of the Ibopamine Multicenter Trial (DIMT)
Authors: Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Arie J. Man in't Veld, Peter H.J.M. Dunselman, Dirk J.A. Lok, Henk J.M. Dohmen, J.Cees Poortermans, Adrie J.A.M. Withagen, W.Hans Pasteuning, Jan Brouwer, K.I. Lie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Clinical and Prognostic Implications of Troponin I Evaluation
Authors: Daniela Cardinale, Alessandro Colombo, Rosalba Torrisi, Maria T. Sandri, Maurizio Civelli, Michela Salvatici, Giuseppina Lamantia, Nicola Colombo, Sarah Cortinovis, Maria A. Dessanai, Franco Nolè, Fabrizio Veglia, Carlo M. Cipolla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Treatment of breast cancer with trastuzumab is complicated by cardiotoxicity in up to 34% of the patients. In most patients, trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC) is reversible: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improves after trastuzumab withdrawal and with, or sometimes without, initiation of heart failure (HF) therapy. The reversibility of TIC, however, is not foreseeable, and identification of patients at risk and of those who will not recover from cardiac dysfunction is crucial. The usefulness of troponin I (TNI) in the identification of patients at risk for TIC and in the prediction of LVEF recovery has never been investigated.In total, 251 women were enrolled. TNI was measured before and after each trastuzumab cycle. LVEF was evaluated at baseline, every 3 months during trastuzumab therapy, and every 6 months afterward. In case of TIC, trastuzumab was discontinued, and HF treatment with enalapril and carvedilol was initiated. TIC was defined as LVEF decrease of > 10 units and below 50%. Recovery from TIC was defined as LVEF increase above 50%.TIC occurred in 42 patients (17%) and was more frequent in patients with TNI elevation (TNI+; 62% v 5%; P < .001). Twenty-five patients (60%) recovered from TIC. LVEF recovery occurred less frequently in TNI+ patients (35% v 100%; P < .001). At multivariate analysis, TNI+ was the only independent predictor of TIC (hazard ratio [HR], 22.9; 95% CI, 11.6 to 45.5; P < .001) and of lack of LVEF recovery (HR, 2.88; 95% CI,1.78 to 4.65; P < .001).TNI+ identifies trastuzumab-treated patients who are at risk for cardiotoxicity and are unlikely to recover from cardiac dysfunction despite HF therapy.
Labelling drug ampoules: Author's reply
Authors: R H. James
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Responses of 88 dental and 71 medical general practitioners when asked if they considered antibiotic prophylaxis to be necessaryfor various groups ofpatients having surgical dental treatment.Figures are numbers (percentages) Prophylaxis necessary Practitioner Yes No Don't know Cardiacpacemaker {Dental 20 (23) 67 (76) 1 (1) iMedical 15 (21) 54 (76) 2 (3) Small ventricular septal defect {Dental 67 (76) 17 (19) 4 (5) IMedical 57 (80) 12 (17) 2 (3) Spitzholtervalve {Dental 46 (52) 8 (9) 34 (39) IMedical 44 (62) 22 (31) 5 (7) Atrial septal defect {Dental 68 (77) 17 (19) 4 (4) AMedical 54 (76) 13 (18) 4 (6) Prosthetic heart valve {Dental 86 (98) 2 (2) 0 PMedical 67 (94) 4 (6) 0 Hip replacement {Dental 37 (42) 48 (55) 3 (3) iMedical 6 (8) 61(86) 4 (6) Previous rheumatic fever Dental 86 (98) 2 (2) 0 IMedical 54 (76) 13 (18) 4 (6) Corrected congenital heart malformation {Dental 64 (73) 22 (25) 2 (2) iMedical 38 (53) 29 (41) 4 (6) Coronary artery bypass graft Medical 256 (37) 62 (687) 4 (6)
Vascular Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Matthew J. Pollman, Louie Naumovski, Gary H. Gibbons
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —It is postulated that vascular lesion formation and remodeling involves a balance between vascular cell death and cell proliferation. Transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1 ) is a pleiotropic factor expressed within vascular cells that regulates cell growth in a tissue-specific manner. This study tested the hypothesis that the control of vascular cell apoptosis involves cell type–specific regulation by TGF-β 1 . Methods and Results —In response to serum withdrawal, cultured endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells exhibited apoptosis as evidenced by DNA laddering and quantitated by analysis of nuclear chromatin morphology. Addition of TGF-β 1 to endothelial cells in serum-free media further potentiated the induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, TGF-β 1 promoted endothelial cell death despite the presence of 10% serum. However, endothelial cells plated on collagen I were resistant to TGF-β 1 –induced apoptosis. This antiapoptotic influence of the matrix was mimicked by integrin activation with anti-β 1 antibodies and associated with increased expression of the antiapoptotic factor bcl -2. In accord with the hypothesis that the modulation of antiapoptotic gene expression may mediate the effects of TGF-β 1 and β 1 integrins on cell fate, we observed that endothelial cells with constitutive upregulation of bcl -2 remained viable despite exposure to TGF-β 1 in serum-free conditions. In contrast to the proapoptotic effect of TGF-β 1 in endothelial cells, addition of TGF-β 1 to vascular smooth muscle cells in serum-free media inhibited apoptosis. Conclusions —These findings suggest that the effect of cytokines such as TGF-β 1 on cell fate is contextual and is modulated by cell-matrix interactions in a cell type–specific manner.
HIV Treatment as Prevention: Issues in Economic Evaluation
Authors: Till Bärnighausen, Joshua A. Salomon, Nalinee Sangrujee
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Meyer-Rath and Over assert in another article in the July 2012 PLoS Medicine Collection, "Investigating the Impact of Treatment on New HIV Infections", that economic evaluations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in currently existing programs and in HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) programs should use cost functions that capture cost dependence on a number of factors, such as scale and scope of delivery, health states, ART regimens, health workers' experience, patients' time on treatment, and the distribution of delivery across public and private sectors. We argue that for particular evaluation purposes (e.g., to establish the social value of TasP) and from particular perspectives (e.g., national health policy makers) less detailed cost functions may be sufficient. We then extend the discussion of economic evaluation of TasP, describing why ART outcomes and costs assessed in currently existing programs are unlikely to be generalizable to TasP programs for several fundamental reasons. First, to achieve frequent, widespread HIV testing and high uptake of ART immediately following an HIV diagnosis, TasP programs will require components that are not present in current ART programs and whose costs are not included in current estimates. Second, the early initiation of ART under TasP will change not only patients' disease courses and treatment experiences—which can affect behaviors that determine clinical treatment success, such as ART adherence and retention—but also quality of life and economic outcomes for HIV-infected individuals. Third, the preventive effects of TasP are likely to alter the composition of the HIV-infected population over time, changing its biological and behavioral characteristics and leading to different costs and outcomes for ART.
Defecation frequency and timing, and stool form in the general population: a prospective study.
Authors: K W Heaton, J Radvan, H Cripps, R A Mountford, F E Braddon, A O Hughes
Journal: Gut (1992)

Because the range of bowel habits and stool types in the community is unknown we questioned 838 men and 1059 women, comprising 72.2% of a random stratified sample of the East Bristol population. Most of them kept records of three consecutive defecations, including stool form on a validated six point scale ranging from hard, round lumps to mushy. Questionnaire responses agreed moderately well with recorded data. Although the most common bowel habit was once daily this was a minority practice in both sexes; a regular 24 hour cycle was apparent in only 40% of men and 33% of women. Another 7% of men and 4% of women seemed to have a regular twice or thrice daily bowel habit. Thus most people had irregular bowels. A third of women defecated less often than daily and 1% once a week or less. Stools at the constipated end of the scale were passed more often by women than men. In women of child bearing age bowel habit and the spectrum of stool types were shifted towards constipation and irregularity compared with older women and three cases of severe slow transit constipation were discovered in young women. Otherwise age had little effect on bowel habit or stool type. Normal stool types, defined as those least likely to evoke symptoms, accounted for only 56% of all stools in women and 61% in men. Most defecations occurred in the early morning and earlier in men than in women. We conclude that conventionally normal bowel function is enjoyed by less than half the population and that, in this aspect of human physiology, younger women are especially disadvantaged.
Elevated Ecto-5'-nucleotidase-Mediated Increased Renal Adenosine Signaling Via A2B Adenosine Receptor Contributes to Chronic Hypertension
Authors: Weiru Zhang, Yujin Zhang, Wei Wang, Yingbo Dai, Chen Ning, Renna Luo, Kaiqi Sun, Louise Glover, Almut Grenz, Hong Sun, Lijian Tao, Wenzheng Zhang, Sean P. Colgan, Michael R. Blackburn, Holger K. Eltzschig, Rodney E. Kellems, Yang Xia
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Hypertension is the most prevalent life-threatening disease worldwide and is frequently associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the molecular basis underlying hypertensive CKD is not fully understood. We sought to identify specific factors and signaling pathways that contribute to hypertensive CKD and thereby exacerbate disease progression. Using high-throughput quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction profiling, we discovered that the expression level of 5'-ectonucleotidase (CD73), a key enzyme that produces extracellular adenosine, was significantly increased in the kidneys of angiotensin II-infused mice, an animal model of hypertensive nephropathy. Genetic and pharmacological studies in mice revealed that elevated CD73-mediated excess renal adenosine preferentially induced A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) production and that enhanced kidney ADORA2B signaling contributes to angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Similarly, in humans, we found that CD73 and ADORA2B levels were significantly elevated in the kidneys of CKD patients compared with normal individuals and were further elevated in hypertensive CKD patients. These findings led us to further discover that elevated renal CD73 contributes to excess adenosine signaling via ADORA2B activation that directly stimulates endothelin-1 production in a hypoxia-inducible factor-α-dependent manner and underlies the pathogenesis of the disease. Finally, we revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor-α is an important factor responsible for angiotensin II-induced CD73 and ADORA2B expression at the transcriptional level. Overall, our studies reveal that angiotensin II-induced renal CD73 promotes the production of renal adenosine that is a prominent driver of hypertensive CKD by enhanced ADORA2B signaling-mediated endothelin-1 induction in a hypoxia-inducible factor-α-dependent manner. The inhibition of excess adenosine-mediated ADORA2B signaling represents a novel therapeutic target for the disease.
"SPACING OUT" IN THE PREVENTION OF MILITARY EPIDEMICS OF CEREBRO-SPINAL FEVER
Authors: J. A. Glover
Journal: BMJ (1918)

fMT7IrBABRJmLL 509 Thirteen instances are recorded.In these the total numiiber of leucocvtes varied between 6,000 and 11,003 per cubic millimetre, and the distribution was withiin normal limits.Evidence of the Production of Antibodies to the Haeinophilic Bacilli Isolated.
Longitudinal Estimates of Pulmonary Function in Refractory Ceramic Fiber Manufacturing Workers
Authors: JAMES E. LOCKEY, LINDA S. LEVIN, GRACE K. LEMASTERS, ROY T. McKAY, CAROL H. RICE, KAREN R. HANSEN, DIANE M. PAPES, SUSAN SIMPSON, MARIO MEDVEDOVIC
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) are man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) used in high-temperature industrial applications. Between 1987 and 1994, a prospective study evaluated pulmonary function of 361 male workers currently employed in RCF manufacturing and related operations for plausibility of a causal relationship between RCF exposure and pulmonary function changes. Workers included in the analysis provided at least five pulmonary function tests. The exposure–response relationship was modeled with two exposure variables: years in a production job, and cumulative fiber exposure (fiber-mo / cc). Comparison groups were nonproduction workers and workers with up to 15 fiber-mo / cc cumulative exposure. A statistically significant decrease in FVC was demonstrated among workers employed in production jobs more than 7 yr prior to initial test. A similar but nonstatistically significant result was demonstrated for FVC in workers with greater than 60 fiber-mo / cc cumulative exposure prior to initial pulmonary function test. Similar but nonstatistically significant results were obtained for FEV1. These findings, which primarily reflect workers employed before 1980, did not persist with analysis of follow-up production years and accumulated RCF exposure from initial pulmonary function test. Since longitudinal analyses are sensitive to influences that continue to affect annual decline during the study period, lower RCF exposure levels since the 1980s may be responsible for eliminating any further effect on pulmonary function.
Growth and clinical course of children with Crohn's disease.
Authors: A M Griffiths, P Nguyen, C Smith, J H MacMillan, P M Sherman
Journal: Gut (1993)

Growth impairment is a common complication of childhood Crohn9s disease, but longitudinal data and follow up studies into adulthood are sparse. This study reviewed the records of 100 Tanner stages 1 and 2 children (66 males, 34 females) consecutively diagnosed with Crohn9s disease at this hospital between January 1980 and June 1988. The influence of sex, anatomical location of disease, severity of symptoms, corticosteroids, and surgical intervention on growth were analysed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. At diagnosis mean standard deviation score (SDS) for height was -1.11 (1.28) (males -1.14 (1.26), females -1.05 (1.33)). Twenty one children were below the third centile for height. During years one and two height velocity (cm/y) was 4.4 (2.3) and 5.1 (2.7), but 40% of children in year one and 33% of children in year two grew less than expected (&lt; 4 cm). Forty nine children grew &lt; 4 cm/y during two or more of the 4.9 (1.8) years of follow up. Severity of gastrointestinal symptoms was the major factor influencing linear growth velocity (p &lt; 0.01 for years one and two). Despite the high prevalence of growth impairment, the subset of children who had reached maturity by the time of the study (n = 67) nevertheless maintained their height centile. The SDS for height at ultimate follow up was -0.82 (1.1). Compared with diagnosis, change in SDS was +0.35 (1.08). Growth increments were comparable for surgically treated patients v patients only treated medically and among patients stratified by location of disease. Females (n = 25) achieved greater catch up growth than males (n = 42). Ultimate SDS for height for females was -0.48 (0.91) v -1.02 (1.19) for males. Change in SDS for height was +0.66 (1.27) for females v +0.16 (0.90) for males (p=0.02). These data confirm the frequency of growth impairment in childhood Crohn9s disease. After diagnosis, however, the prognosis for ultimate linear growth is good.
Detection of mouse eosinophils and quantitative assessments of degranulation using secondary granule protein-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies*1
Authors: M.P. McGarry, S.A. Cormier, K. Dobos-Elder, E. Lenkiewicz, K.R. O'Neill, D.C. Colbert, C.A. Protheroe, D.M. Dimina, T.L. Biechele, N.A. Lee, J.J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Aberrant luminal progenitors as the candidate target population for basal tumor development in BRCA1 mutation carriers
Authors: Elgene Lim, François Vaillant, Di Wu, Natasha C Forrest, Bhupinder Pal, Adam H Hart, Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat, David E Gyorki, Teresa Ward, Audrey Partanen, Frank Feleppa, Lily I Huschtscha, Heather J Thorne, Stephen B Fox, Max Yan, Juliet D French, Melissa A Brown, Gordon K Smyth, Jane E Visvader, Geoffrey J Lindeman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
INTERACTIONS OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM WITH ENDOTOXIC LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN IMMUNOGLOBULIN-DEFICIENT SERA
Authors: H. Gewurz, R. J. Pickering, R. Snyderman, L. M. Lichtenstein, R. A. Good, S. E. Mergenhagen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from a variety of organisms effectively induced C consumption in humans, bovines, and porcines with developmental agammaglobulinemia; birds with experimental agammaglobulinemia; and humans with agammaglobulinemia syndromes. This interaction proceeded even in precolostral piglet sera which contained less than 2.5 x 10(-6) mg/ml gamma globulin, and led to generation of neutrophil chemotactic factor and anaphylatoxin in these sera. Hence, the LPS-C interaction can proceed in sera markedly deficient in immunoglobulin. The question of whether immunoglobulins can be bypassed in the LPS-C interaction, or whether they are regularly utilized in a way so efficient that their participation is masked, was considered.
SPECT/CT FINDINGS IN A LARGE COHORT WITH SACROILIAC JOINT INCOMPETENCE (SIJI)
Authors: Manuel Cusi, Hans Van der Wall
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Comprehensive clinical and SPECT/CT findings in 253 patients with an established diagnosis of SIJI are presented. Methods All patients with a clinically diagnosis of SIJI following the European guidelines for Pelvic Girdle Pain were studied by SPECT/CT. Patients were followed up by interview at 6 months after therapy (directed physiotherapy or prolotherapy). For SPECT/CT, patients were injected intravenously with 900–1000 MBq of 99m Tc HDMP and planar images obtained followed by SPECT/CT from the level of the lesser trochanters upwards. Images were reported by 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Results The average age of the 253 patients was 42 years (15–71 yrs) with 65% F, 35% M. Average length of history was 3.5 years (6 weeks to 26 years). Trauma was implicated in 84% of cases and post-partum back pain in 9%. Clinical scores for SIJI were an average of 3.4 by the European guidelines. All patients showed SIJ uptake and loss of the normal configuration of joint uptake with ligament uptake. Joint sclerosis was observed in 98.8%. Hamstring enthesopathy was present on the ipsilateral side in 39% and on the opposite side in 61%. Adductor enthesopathy was present on the ipsilateral side in 66% and on the opposite side in 57% with bilateral involvement in 23%. Ipsilateral hip impingement was present in 72%. Extra finding were evicent in 56%. Conclusion We have confirmed the integrity of SPECT/CT in a large cohort of patients with SIJI with specific treatment of the condition yielding good clinical results, in spite of the average length of the clinical history being 3.5 years. The SPECT/CT findings (metabolic changes at the relevant bone-ligamentous interface) and the clinical progress of patients confirm the validity of the self-bracing mechanism proposed by Vleeming and Lee (1998).