tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sudden cardiac death during open water swimming
Authors: Michael J Tipton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Since becoming an Olympic event in 2008, open water swimming has become one of the fastest growing mass participation sports worldwide; events have taken place with over 25 000 participants. With these numbers comes an inherent risk of adverse medical events. The recently released USA Triathlon (USAT) Fatality Incidents Study1 reviewed data from 2003 to 2011 and reports that over that period 43 athlete fatalities were recorded during race events. Of these, five were considered ‘traumatic’, caused during cycling; of the remaining 38 deaths, 30 occurred during the swim.

These data suggest that a swim represents the greatest relative hazard associated with mass participation sports events. Despite this, the mechanism and cause of death remains something of a mystery; in the USAT Fatality Incidents Study, autopsy information was not reviewed, but it is concluded that ‘available data indicates the swimming fatalities appear to be caused by episodes of sudden cardiac death (SCD)’—having not found enough evidence of deaths caused by swimming-induced pulmonary edema …
Hospital Junior Staff
Authors: M. J. Absolon, W. Ahmed, T. N. K. Allan, L. Arblaster, O. Awadalla, D. Bentley, R. A. Branch, G. J. A. Brown, D. M. N. Burton, I. E. Burton, J. Callander, D. Calvert, R. J. Chandler, W. G. B. Calvert, C. L. Colton, R. S. Cormack, A. W. Diamond, W. I. Dow, A. E. Giddings, D. A. Griffiths, C. G. Hallward, D. C. Herbert, P. Jackson, R. J. T. Jarvis, J. Lakic, T. Lambert, J. M. O'Higgins, K. M. Pagliero, H. W. S. Pigott, J. Powell, D. Pugsley, J. M. Raper, R. Roy, R. D. Stedeford, N. Stimpson, J. L. Thomas, C. M. Vickery, K. M. A. Welch, E. R. Williams, G. Wary
Journal: BMJ (1966)
TMEM140 is associated with the prognosis of glioma by promoting cell viability and invasion
Authors: Bin Li, Ming-Zhu Huang, Xiao-Qiang Wang, Bang-Bao Tao, Jun Zhong, Xu-Hui Wang, Wen-Chuan Zhang, Shi-Ting Li
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

Gliomas are the most common types of primary brain tumors in the adult central nervous system. TMEM140 is identified as an amplified gene in the human gastric cancer genome. However, the function of TMEM140 in gliomas has not been thoroughly elucidated. The aim of the current study was to determine the clinical significance of TMEM140 expression in patients with gliomas and its effect on tumor cell malignant phenotypes. Immunohistochemical analysis and real-time reverse transcription PCR were performed to detect the expression levels of TMEM140 in 70 glioma brain tissue samples. Next, the correlation between the TMEM140 expression levels and the clinical characteristics and outcomes of glioma patients was statistically analyzed. TMEM140 expression was inhibited in two glioma cell lines (i.e., U87 and U373) using a knockdown method with small interfering RNA. Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays were used to investigate TMEM140 function during cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, respectively. Using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, we subsequently determined the cell cycle and apoptosis profile of the TMEM140-silenced cells. TMEM140 protein expression was significantly higher in gliomas than in normal brain tissues (p < 0.0001). TMEM140 overexpression was strongly correlated with tumor size, histologic grade, and overall survival time (P < 0.05). TMEM140 decreased cell viability in vitro and dramatically decreased tumor volume in vivo. This phenomenon might be caused by G1 phase cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. TMEM140 silencing could suppress the viability, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Our results suggest that TMEM140 expression is a prognostic factor that might play an important role in the viability, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. This study highlights the importance of TMEM140 as a novel prognostic marker and as an attractive therapeutic target for gliomas.
The Relation between Cardiac T2 Value and the Presence of Fragmented QRS in Patients with β-thalassemia Major, who Received Iron Chelation Therapy
Authors: Nermin Bayar, Erdal Kurtoğlu, Şakir Arslan, Zehra Erkal, İsa Öner Yüksel, Erkan Köklü, Deniz Demirci, Selçuk Küçükseymen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Epidermal antigens and complement-binding anti-intercellular antibodies in pemphigus vegetans, Hallopeau type
Authors: H. HASHIZUME, K. IWATSUKI, M. TAKIGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Epidermal antigens and complement‐binding anti‐intercellular antibodies in pemphigus vegetans, Hallopeau type Get access H. HASHIZUME, H. HASHIZUME Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu Vriversity School of Medicine, 3600 Handa‐cho, Hamamatsu 431‐31, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. IWATSUKI, K. IWATSUKI Department of Dermatoloogy. Fukushima Medical College, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960‐12, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. TAKIGAWA M. TAKIGAWA Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu Vriversity School of Medicine, 3600 Handa‐cho, Hamamatsu 431‐31, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 6, 1 December 1993, Pages 739–743, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03345.x Published: 01 December 1993 Article history Accepted: 21 April 1993 Published: 01 December 1993
TLNO/TLCO ratio is not the end of the road
Authors: Jean-Benoit Martinot, Hervé Jean-Pierre Guénard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

As our team analysed in detail the physiological meaning of the transfer factor of the lung for nitric oxide ( T LNO)/transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide ( T LCO) ratio [1], it seems interesting to extend the analysis to patients. This has been done elegantly by Hughes and van der Lee [2]. This ratio, which has the advantage of simplicity, nevertheless has some disadvantages. 1) In a given cohort of homogenous patients, values are widely scattered and a given value cannot, therefore, be used as a strong predictor of a disease. For example, pulmonary hypertension patients have, as a mean, higher T LNO/ T LCO than healthy controls; however, a normal value does not …
Beyond our origin: Adding social context to an explanation of sex differences in emotion expression
Authors: Agneta H. Fischer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Vigil's socio-relational framework of sex differences in emotional expressiveness emphasizes general sex differences in emotional responding, but largely ignores the social context in which emotions are expressed. There is much empirical evidence showing that sex differences in emotion displays are flexible and a function of specific social roles and demands, rather than a reflection of evolutionary-based social adjustments.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs): incidence, prognosis and recent trend toward improved survival
Authors: T.R. Halfdanarson, K.G. Rabe, J. Rubin, G.M. Petersen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are uncommon neoplasms that can present with symptoms of hormone overproduction. We evaluated the incidence, prognosis, and temporal trends of PNETs.
Androgen Receptor Gene Aberrations in Circulating Cell-Free DNA: Biomarkers of Therapeutic Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Arun A. Azad, Stanislav V. Volik, Alexander W. Wyatt, Anne Haegert, Stephane Le Bihan, Robert H. Bell, Shawn A. Anderson, Brian McConeghy, Robert Shukin, Jenny Bazov, Jack Youngren, Pamela Paris, George Thomas, Eric J. Small, Yuzhuo Wang, Martin E. Gleave, Colin C. Collins, Kim N. Chi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Although novel agents targeting the androgen-androgen receptor (AR) axis have altered the treatment paradigm of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), development of therapeutic resistance is inevitable. In this study, we examined whether AR gene aberrations detectable in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are associated with resistance to abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide in mCRPC patients.Plasma was collected from 62 mCRPC patients ceasing abiraterone acetate (n = 29), enzalutamide (n = 19), or other agents (n = 14) due to disease progression. DNA was extracted and subjected to array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for chromosome copy number analysis, and Roche 454 targeted next-generation sequencing of exon 8 in the AR.On aCGH, AR amplification was significantly more common in patients progressing on enzalutamide than on abiraterone or other agents (53% vs. 17% vs. 21%, P = 0.02, χ(2)). Missense AR exon 8 mutations were detected in 11 of 62 patients (18%), including the first reported case of an F876L mutation in an enzalutamide-resistant patient and H874Y and T877A mutations in 7 abiraterone-resistant patients. In patients switched onto enzalutamide after cfDNA collection (n = 39), an AR gene aberration (copy number increase and/or an exon 8 mutation) in pretreatment cfDNA was associated with adverse outcomes, including lower rates of PSA decline ≥ 30% (P = 0.013, χ(2)) and shorter time to radiographic/clinical progression (P = 0.010, Cox proportional hazards regression).AR gene aberrations in cfDNA are associated with resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone in mCRPC. Our data illustrate that genomic analysis of cfDNA is a minimally invasive method for interrogating mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in mCRPC.
Antigen-specific suppressor T-cell activity in genetically restricted immune spleen cells.
Authors: C W Pierce, J A Kapp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Virgin spleen cells develop comparable primary antibody responses in vitro to syngeneic or allogeneic macrophages (Mphi) bearing the terpolymer L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT), whereas immune spleen cells primed with syngeneic or allogeneic GAT-Mphi develop secondary responses preferentially when stimulated with GAT-Mphi syngeneic to the GAT-Mphi used for priming in vivo. These restrictions are mediated by products of the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex and are operative at the level of the GAT-Mphi-immune helper T-cell interactions. To investigate why these immune spleen cells fail to develop a significant antibody response to GAT-Mphi other than those used for in vivo immunization and determine the mechanism by which the restriction is maintained, spleen cells from virgin and syngeneic or allogeneic GAT-Mphi-primed mice were co-cultured in the presence of GAT-Mphi of various haplotypes. Antibody responses to GAT developed only in the presence of GAT-Mphi syngeneic to the Mphi used for in vivo priming; responses in cultures with GAT-Mphi allogeneic to the priming Mphi, whether these Mphi were syngeneic or allogeneic with respect to the responding spleen cells, were suppressed. The suppression was mediated by GAT-specific radiosensitive T cells. Thus, development of GAT-specific suppressor T cells appears to be a natural consequence of the immune response to GAT in responder as well as nonresponder mice. The implications of stimulation of genetically restricted immune helper T cells, and antigen-specific, but unrestricted, suppressor T cells after immunization with GAT-Mphi in vivo are discussed in the context of regulatory mechanisms in antibody responses.
Experts deny claims that peer review system is in crisis
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Experts have defended the peer review system used by many medical journals before publishing new research and denied claims that it is in “crisis.”

Witnesses appearing before the parliamentary science and technology select committee on 4 May said the system was not perfect but worked well and helped to maintain the public’s trust in science.

MPs on the committee were holding their first oral evidence session as part of their new inquiry into the current state of the peer review process in science. They were prompted to look into peer review by several factors, said a spokeswoman, including the leaked emails on climate change from the University of East Anglia and the Lancet study by Andrew Wakefield.

MPs …
HIV‐Related Hodgkin's disease with central nervous system involvement and association with Epstein‐Barr virus
Authors: Suleiman Massarweh, Mark M. Udden, Imran Shahab, Michael Kroll, David A. Sears, Garrett R. Lynch, Bin S. Teh, Hsin H. Lu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a rare occurrence in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related Hodgkin's disease (HD). We report the clinical course of a patient with HIV infection who developed systemic HD, mixed cellularity subtype, later complicated by leptomeningeal involvement. The patient died from his illness, and autopsy was performed. Examining the brain lesion, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) presence was demonstrated in Reed‐Sternberg cells by immunohistochemistry using an EBER probe for EBV RNA. This is the second case report in the English literature of HD involving the CNS in an HIV‐positive individual, and the first demonstrating EBV presence. Extranodal presence of Hodgkin's disease in patients with HIV infection is probably related to immunosuppression, and physicians treating this illness should be alert to the potential of unusual sites of involvement. Am. J. Hematol. 72:216–219, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of Epistasis between Beneficial Mutations in an Antibiotic Resistance Gene
Authors: Martijn F Schenk, Ivan G Szendro, Merijn L M Salverda, Joachim Krug, J Arjan G M de Visser
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Understanding epistasis is central to biology. For instance, epistatic interactions determine the topography of the fitness landscape and affect the dynamics and determinism of adaptation. However, few empirical data are available, and comparing results is complicated by confounding variation in the system and the type of mutations used. Here, we take a systematic approach by quantifying epistasis in two sets of four beneficial mutations in the antibiotic resistance enzyme TEM-1 β-lactamase. Mutations in these sets have either large or small effects on cefotaxime resistance when present as single mutations. By quantifying the epistasis and ruggedness in both landscapes, we find two general patterns. First, resistance is maximal for combinations of two mutations in both fitness landscapes and declines when more mutations are added due to abundant sign epistasis and a pattern of diminishing returns with genotype resistance. Second, large-effect mutations interact more strongly than small-effect mutations, suggesting that the effect size of mutations may be an organizing principle in understanding patterns of epistasis. By fitting the data to simple phenotype resistance models, we show that this pattern may be explained by the nonlinear dependence of resistance on enzyme stability and an unknown phenotype when mutations have antagonistically pleiotropic effects. The comparison to a previously published set of mutations in the same gene with a joint benefit further shows that the enzyme's fitness landscape is locally rugged but does contain adaptive pathways that lead to high resistance.
Olaparib Maintenance Therapy in Platinum-Sensitive Relapsed Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jonathan Ledermann, Philipp Harter, Charlie Gourley, Michael Friedlander, Ignace Vergote, Gordon Rustin, Clare Scott, Werner Meier, Ronnie Shapira-Frommer, Tamar Safra, Daniela Matei, Euan Macpherson, Claire Watkins, James Carmichael, Ursula Matulonis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Olaparib (AZD2281) is an oral poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that has shown antitumor activity in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer with or without BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutations.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study to evaluate maintenance treatment with olaparib in patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed, high-grade serous ovarian cancer who had received two or more platinum-based regimens and had had a partial or complete response to their most recent platinum-based regimen. Patients were randomly assigned to receive olaparib, at a dose of 400 mg twice daily, or placebo. The primary end point was progression-free survival according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors guidelines.Of 265 patients who underwent randomization, 136 were assigned to the olaparib group and 129 to the placebo group. Progression-free survival was significantly longer with olaparib than with placebo (median, 8.4 months vs. 4.8 months from randomization on completion of chemotherapy; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25 to 0.49; P<0.001). Subgroup analyses of progression-free survival showed that, regardless of subgroup, patients in the olaparib group had a lower risk of progression. Adverse events more commonly reported in the olaparib group than in the placebo group (by more than 10% of patients) were nausea (68% vs. 35%), fatigue (49% vs. 38%), vomiting (32% vs. 14%), and anemia (17% vs. 5%); the majority of adverse events were grade 1 or 2. An interim analysis of overall survival (38% maturity, meaning that 38% of the patients had died) showed no significant difference between groups (hazard ratio with olaparib, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.39; P=0.75).Olaparib as maintenance treatment significantly improved progression-free survival among patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Interim analysis showed no overall survival benefit. The toxicity profile of olaparib in this population was consistent with that in previous studies. (Funded by AstraZeneca; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00753545.).
The Health Care Costs of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in the U.S.
Authors: Adam Gordois, Paul Scuffham, Arran Shearer, Alan Oglesby, Janet Ash Tobian
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Peripheral neuropathy is common among people with diabetes and can result in foot ulceration and amputation. The aim of this study was to quantify the annual medical costs of peripheral neuropathy and its complications among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the U.S.A cost-of-illness model was used to estimate the numbers of diabetic individuals in the U.S. who have diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and/or neuropathic foot ulcers (both those with no deep infection and those accompanied by cellulitis or osteomyelitis) at a given point in time, and/or a toe, foot, or leg amputation during a year. Prevalence and incidence rates were estimated from published studies and applied to the general U.S. population. All costs were estimated in 2001 U.S. dollars. In a sensitivity analysis, we varied the rates of complications to assess the robustness of the cost estimates.The annual costs of DPN and its complications in the U.S. were 0.8 billion US dollars (type 1 diabetes), 10.1 billion US dollars (type 2 diabetes), and 10.9 billion US dollars (total). After allowing for uncertainty in the point estimates of complication rates, the range of costs were between 0.3 and 1.0 billion US dollars (type 1 diabetes), 4.3b and 12.7 billion US dollars (type 2 diabetes), and 4.6 and 13.7 billion US dollars (type 1 and type 2 diabetes).The total annual cost of DPN and its complications in the U.S. was estimated to be between 4.6 and 13.7 billion US dollars. Up to 27% of the direct medical cost of diabetes may be attributed to DPN.
Blockade of the type I somatomedin receptor inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells in athymic mice.
Authors: C L Arteaga, L J Kitten, E B Coronado, S Jacobs, F C Kull, D C Allred, C K Osborne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGIs) stimulate the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro. The type I somatomedin receptor (SR) expressed in these cells may mediate the growth effects of these peptides. We have examined the role of this receptor on human breast cancer growth with a monoclonal antibody (alpha-IR-3) that blocks the receptor binding domain and inhibits IGF-I-induced growth. alpha-IR-3 inhibited clonal growth in vitro and blocked the mitogenic effect of exogenous IGF-I in both MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines. Antibody-induced blockade of the type I SR also inhibited the estrogen-independent MDA-231 cells growing in vivo in nude mice, but growth of the estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells was unaffected. IGIs are important growth regulators of MDA-231 breast cancer cells. Blockade of this growth stimulatory pathway may provide a new treatment strategy.
PWE-178 Positive Outcomes from a Nutrition Team-Led Radiologically Inserted Gastrostomy (RIG) Service
Authors: C Ryan-Fisher, N Burch, E Trautner, J Colby, M Dhillon, J Harding
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Radiologically inserted gastrostomies (RIGs) are an important alternative method of enteral feeding when endoscopic technique is unfeasible. Current published data regarding results post-RIG insertion report varying success, with 30-day mortality ranging from 1–18%.<sup>1,2</sup> A robust multidisciplinary assessment prior to RIG insertion is vital to ensure clinical suitability. We therefore have examined the case selection and clinical outcomes of our new RIG service. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients who underwent RIG placement in our centre between February 2011 and November 2012 were identified. Retrospective analysis of the case notes established the complications post-RIG, the mortality data and which clinicians were involved with the pre-RIG assessment. Two clinicians also independently evaluated the clinical benefit of each RIG using criteria including weight gain, appropriate RIG dwell time and reliance on RIG delivered nutrition to complete proposed treatment (e.g. radiotherapy). <h3>Results</h3> 26 patients were identified (mean age 64 years, 54% male). The indications for RIG were head and neck cancers (69%), oesophageal malignancy (15%) and neurological disorders (16%). The Nutrition Team assessed 100% of patients prior to RIG and supported management of all patients post procedure. The mean time between referral and RIG was 6 days (range 2–15 days) and success rate for RIG placement was 96%. The overall 30 day mortality was 4% (1 patient; unrelated to RIG). Early complications (&lt; 24 hours) comprised 1 perforation with pneumoperitoneum. Late complications (2–30 days) included peristomal infection (15%), stomal leakage (12%) and bleeding from RIG site (4%). Complications after 30 days included peristomal infection (8%), inadvertent removal (8%) and RIG tube blockage (8%). Evaluation of clinical benefit concluded that 10% of patients did not benefit from their RIG: one patient with a perforation had a jejunostomy and one patient had leaking from the RIG site that was not utilised. For the remaining 90% of patients the RIG was judged a clinical success. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data demonstrates an efficient and effective RIG service. Overall complication rates and 30-day mortality are low, reflecting RIG insertion as a safe alternative in those unsuitable for PEG. The assessment of the suitability for RIG by a multi-professional Nutrition Support Team and provision of ongoing support post insertion are key factors associated with a successful RIG service. Prospective data collection with a questionnaire could further evaluate patient experience. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Lowe AS, Laash HU, Stephenson S, <i>et al. Clin Radiol</i> 2012; 67:843–54. Galaski A, Peng WW, Ellis M, <i>et al. Can J Gastroenterol</i> 2009; 23:109–14.
Towards uniting the behavioral sciences with a gene-centered approach to altruism
Authors: R. Michael Brown, Stephanie L. Brown
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

We support the ambitious goal of unification within the behavioral sciences. We suggest that Darwinian evolution by means of natural selection can provide the integrative glue for this purpose, and we review our own work on selective investment theory (SIT), which is an example of how other-regarding preferences can be accommodated by a gene-centered account of evolution.