tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
* Vascular risk profile in incident coeliac disease and change with gluten-free diet
Authors: N. R. Lewis, R. F. Logan, D. S. Sanders, R. B. Hubbard, G. K. Holmes, J. West
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Vascular disease is the most common cause of mortality in coeliac disease.1 Despite recent studies observing people with diagnosed coeliac disease have lower total cholesterol and are less likely to have a diagnosis of hypertension, coeliac disease does not appear to have a protective effect upon vascular disease events2 with even increased risks observed.3 Concern has been raised as to whether treatment of coeliac disease may have an adverse effect on vascular risk profile. Our aim was to describe the vascular risk profile in adults newly diagnosed with coeliac disease and to observe any change in the profile following treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD). <h3>Methods</h3> We measured the vascular risk profile at diagnosis and compared this with Health Survey for England (HSE) figures, and again following 12 months treatment with GFD in 151 adults newly diagnosed with coeliac disease between 2007 and 2008 at Nottingham, Sheffield and Derby. Paired t-tests were used to examine changes in anthropometric, vital signs and blood variables from baseline in incident coeliacs to following 12 months with GFD. Unpaired t tests were used to examine any difference in the mean anthropometric and serum values, standardised for age and sex, between the coeliac cohort and HSE control cohort. <h3>Results</h3> Newly diagnosed coeliacs had significantly lower total, HDL and LDL cholesterol than the general population (table 1). Incident coeliacs were as likely as the general population to smoke though were twice as likely to have raised waist: hip circumference (O:E 1.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.2). Male incident coeliacs were twice as likely to have measured hypertension as general population (O:E 1.9 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.5). 56% of males and 36% of females were overweight or obese as defined by BMI at diagnosis of coeliac disease. Following 12 months treatment with GFD, there was a mean 2.3 cm (95% CI 1.7 to 2.8) increase in waist circumference though no significant rise in total or LDL cholesterol. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The observed vascular risk profile suggests both protective and adverse associations of incident coeliac disease with subsequent exposure to a gluten-free diet resulting in an attenuation or indeed reversal of the vascular risk profile in some co-variates.
Speed of gastric emptying and metabolism of ethanol Reply
Authors: J. Furne, M. D. Levitt, C. M. Oneta, H. K. Seitz
Journal: Gut (1999)

Editor,—There seem to be several possible problems with the recent paper by Oneta and colleagues ( Gut 1998; 43 :612–619). Firstly, blood ethanol concentrations said to result from an ethanol dosage of 0.225 g/kg were in the range of 0.2–0.3 mg/100 ml (figs 3–6 of Oneta et al 's paper). These values are about 1% of the expected blood concentration for this dosage; presumably there was a 100-fold error in the labelling of the vertical axes of these four figures. Secondly, differences in the area under the curve were used to assess first pass metabolism when it has been repeatedly pointed out that this technique cannot be used when …
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE RECEPTORS OF A NEW STRAIN OF VIRUS TO THOSE OF THE MUMPS-NDV-INFLUENZA GROUP
Authors: George K. Hirst
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

The interrelationships of the cellular receptors and the hemagglutinin inhibitors of a new strain of virus (1233) to members of the mumps-Newcastle disease-influenza group have been investigated. It was found that strain. 1233 does not destroy the receptors or inhibitors of the other group, nor does the latter destroy 1233 receptors or inhibitor. The sole exception to this statement was a moderate destruction of 1233 inhibitor in egg white by Newcastle disease virus. The classification of strain 1233 was discussed in the light of this evidence, evidence which tends to place strain 1233 in a different category from that of any other strain of the MNI group.
A Cancer Detection Platform Which Measures Telomerase Activity from Live Circulating Tumor Cells Captured on a Microfilter
Authors: Tong Xu, Bo Lu, Yu-Chong Tai, Amir Goldkorn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) quantified in cancer patients' blood can predict disease outcome and response to therapy. However, the CTC analysis platforms commonly used cannot capture live CTCs and only apply to tumors of epithelial origin. To address these limitations, we have developed a novel cancer detection platform which measures telomerase activity from live CTCs captured on a parylene-C slot microfilter. Using a constant low-pressure delivery system, the new microfilter platform was capable of cell capture from 1 mL of whole blood in less than 5 minutes, achieving 90% capture efficiency, 90% cell viability, and 200-fold sample enrichment. Importantly, the captured cells retained normal morphology by scanning electron microscopy and could be readily manipulated, further analyzed, or expanded on- or off-filter. Telomerase activity--a well-recognized universal cancer marker--was reliably detected by quantitative PCR from as few as 25 cancer cells added into 7.5 mL of whole blood and captured on the microfilter. Moreover, significant telomerase activity elevation was also measured from patients' blood samples and from single cancer cells lifted off of the microfilter. Live CTC capture and analysis is fast and simple yet highly quantitative, versatile, and applicable to nearly all solid tumor types, making this a highly promising new strategy for cancer detection and characterization.
Intra-uterine growth retardation results in increased cardiac arrhythmias and raised diastolic blood pressure in adult rats
Authors: X Hu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objectives: Epidemiological evidence in humans suggests that intrauterine growth retardation is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease in later life. To begin to understand the mechanisms involved, we developed and exploited a rat model of intrauterine growth retardation to assess predisposition to arrhythmias and resting blood pressure levels at defined ages from 4 to 18 months. Methods: Isolated working heart experiments were carried out on rats that had been subjected to intrauterine growth retardation by prenatal protein deprivation and age-matched male Wistar controls to measure susceptibility to wall stress-induced arrhythmias. In addition, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured in conscious rats via an indwelling arterial catheter. Results: Hearts from intrauterine growth retarded animals showed significantly more ventricular premature beats and more episodes of ventricular tachycardia at all ages examined (4, 9 and 18 months), and at 4 and 18 months, a reduction in coronary blood flow. Diastolic pressure was significantly raised by intrauterine growth retardation in both groups examined (4 and 9 months). Conclusions: Protein malnutrition during the intrauterine period results in profound intrauterine growth retardation that is associated with a raised diastolic blood pressure and an increased predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias in later life. These results are consistent with epidemiological observations made in human populations, and as similar pathophysiological changes may operate in both situations, intrauterine protein deprivation may be a useful model to help define some of the mechanisms involved.
Comparative Meta-Analysis of Pharmacotherapy and Behavior Therapy for Persistent Insomnia
Authors: Michael T. Smith, Michael L. Perlis, Amy Park, Michelle S. Smith, JaeMi Pennington, Donna E. Giles, Daniel J. Buysse
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Although four meta-analytic reviews support the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy for the treatment of insomnia, no meta-analysis has evaluated whether these treatment modalities yield comparable outcomes during acute treatment. The authors conducted a quantitative review of the literature on the outcome of the two treatments to compare the short-term efficacy of pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy in primary insomnia. METHOD: They identified studies from 1966 through 2000 using MEDLINE, psycINFO, and bibliographies. Investigations were limited to studies using prospective measures and within-subject designs to assess the efficacy of benzodiazepines or benzodiazepine receptor agonists or behavioral treatments for primary insomnia. Benzodiazepine receptor agonists included zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon. Behavioral treatments included stimulus control and sleep restriction therapies. Twenty-one studies summarizing outcomes for 470 subjects met inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Weighted effect sizes for subjective measures of sleep latency, number of awakenings, wake time after sleep onset, total sleep time, and sleep quality before and after treatment were moderate to large. There were no differences in magnitude between pharmacological and behavioral treatments in any measures except latency to sleep onset. Behavior therapy resulted in a greater reduction in sleep latency than pharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy produce similar short-term treatment outcomes in primary insomnia.
Adrenal function in patients with active tuberculosis.
Authors: D J Barnes, S Naraqi, P Temu, J R Turtle
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Although tuberculosis is a recognised cause of adrenal insufficiency, little is known about adrenal function in patients with active tuberculosis. Ninety Melanesian adults with active tuberculosis (30 pulmonary, 30 miliary, 30 extrapulmonary) had adrenal function assessed prospectively before and three to four weeks after starting antituberculous chemotherapy. Basal serum cortisol concentrations were normal in 55 (61%) and raised in 35 (39%) of the subjects. No patient had a low basal cortisol concentration. After Synacthen stimulation, cortisol responses were normal in 81 (92%) of the patients and subnormal in seven (8%). After antituberculous chemotherapy the response to Synacthen stimulation was normal in all but one patient. It is concluded that adrenal dysfunction is an uncommon problem in patients with active tuberculosis, and that, contrary to recent reports, antituberculous chemotherapy regimens that include rifampicin do not have an adverse effect on adrenal function.
Inhibition of Glycolysis in Cancer Cells: A Novel Strategy to Overcome Drug Resistance Associated with Mitochondrial Respiratory Defect and Hypoxia
Authors: Rui-hua Xu, Helene Pelicano, Yan Zhou, Jennifer S. Carew, Li Feng, Kapil N. Bhalla, Michael J. Keating, Peng Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Cancer cells generally exhibit increased glycolysis for ATP generation (the Warburg effect) due in part to mitochondrial respiration injury and hypoxia, which are frequently associated with resistance to therapeutic agents. Here, we report that inhibition of glycolysis severely depletes ATP in cancer cells, especially in clones of cancer cells with mitochondrial respiration defects, and leads to rapid dephosphorylation of the glycolysis-apoptosis integrating molecule BAD at Ser(112), relocalization of BAX to mitochondria, and massive cell death. Importantly, inhibition of glycolysis effectively kills colon cancer cells and lymphoma cells in a hypoxic environment in which the cancer cells exhibit high glycolytic activity and decreased sensitivity to common anticancer agents. Depletion of ATP by glycolytic inhibition also potently induced apoptosis in multidrug-resistant cells, suggesting that deprivation of cellular energy supply may be an effective way to overcome multidrug resistance. Our study shows a promising therapeutic strategy to effectively kill cancer cells and overcome drug resistance. Because the Warburg effect and hypoxia are frequently seen in human cancers, these findings may have broad clinical implications.
Simplifying the TNM System for Clinical Use in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Adedayo A. Onitilo, Jessica M. Engel, Catharina Ihre Lundgren, Per Hall, Lukman Thalib, Suhail A.R. Doi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

The TNM stratification has been found useful at stratifying patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) into prognostic risk groups. However, it is cumbersome to implement clinically given the large number of bins within this system and the complicated system of arriving at stage information.We decided to quantify each variable in this system to arrive at a simplified quantitative alternative to the TNM system (QTNM) and compare this with the conventional system. We used our electronic record system to identify 614 cases of DTC managed at our institution from 1987 to 2006. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and a simplified QTNM score was devised using a Cox proportional hazards model.We were able to quantify the TNM system as follows: 4 points each for age older than 45 years and presence of neck nodal metastases while 6 points for tumor size larger than 4 cm or extrathyroidal extension and 1 point for nonpapillary DTC. A sum of 0 to 5 points was low risk, 6 to 10 points intermediate, and 11 to 15 points high risk. Comparison with the conventional TNM system and two other systems revealed similar or better discrimination with the QTNM and this discrimination was maintained when this risk stratification was applied to a unique validation set.The QTNM system as opposed to the conventional TNM system seems to be a simple and effective method for risk stratification for both recurrence and cancer-specific mortality.
SELDI-TOF MS profiling of serum for detection of the progression of chronic hepatitis C to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: E. Ellen Schwegler, Lisa Cazares, Laura F. Steel, Bao‐Ling Adam, David A. Johnson, O. John Semmes, Timothy M. Block, Jorge A. Marrero, Richard R. Drake
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Proteomic profiling of serum is an emerging technique to identify new biomarkers indicative of disease severity and progression. The objective of our study was to assess the use of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to identify multiple serum protein biomarkers for detection of liver disease progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A cohort of 170 serum samples obtained from subjects in the United States with no liver disease (n = 39), liver diseases not associated with cirrhosis (n = 36), cirrhosis (n = 38), or HCC (n = 57) were applied to metal affinity protein chips for protein profiling by SELDI-TOF MS. Across the four test groups, 38 differentially expressed proteins were used to generate multiple decision classification trees to distinguish the known disease states. Analysis of a subset of samples with only hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related disease was emphasized. The serum protein profiles of control patients were readily distinguished from each HCV-associated disease state. Two-way comparisons of chronic hepatitis C, HCV cirrhosis, or HCV-HCC versus healthy had a sensitivity/specificity range of 74% to 95%. For distinguishing chronic HCV from HCV-HCC, a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 76% were obtained. However, when the values of known serum markers α fetoprotein, des-gamma carboxyprothrombin, and GP73 were combined with the SELDI peak values, the sensitivity and specifity improved to 75% and 92%, respectively. In conclusion, SELDI-TOF MS serum profiling is able to distinguish HCC from liver disease before cirrhosis as well as cirrhosis, especially in patients with HCV infection compared with other etiologies. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:634–642.)
The Safety of Lithium
Authors: Guy M. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Detection of hepatitis B virus YMDD variants using mass spectrometric analysis of oligonucleotide fragments
Authors: Sun Pyo Hong, Nam Keun Kim, Seong Gyu Hwang, Hyun Jae Chung, Sukjoon Kim, Jin Hee Han, Hyung Tae Kim, Kyu Sung Rim, Myung Seo Kang, Wangdon Yoo, Soo-Ok Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Cyclic GMP–Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibits Osteopontin and Thrombospondin Production in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Nupur B. Dey, Nancy J. Boerth, Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich, Pi-Ling Chang, Charles W. Prince, Thomas M. Lincoln
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Vascular lesions resulting from injury are characterized by a thickening of the intima brought about in part through the production of increased amounts of extracellular matrix proteins by the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), an important mediator of NO and cGMP signaling in VSMCs, inhibits the production of two extracellular matrix proteins, osteopontin and thrombospondin, which are involved in the formation of the neointima. VSMCs deficient in PKG were stably transfected with cDNAs encoding either the holoenzyme PKG-Ialpha or the constitutively active catalytic domain of PKG-I in order to directly examine the effects of PKG on osteopontin and thrombospondin production. Cells expressing either of the PKG constructs had dramatically reduced levels of osteopontin and thrombospondin-1 protein compared with control-transfected PKG-deficient cells. PKG transfection also altered the morphology of the VSMCs. These results indicate that PKG may be involved in suppressing extracellular matrix protein expression, which is one important characteristic of synthetic secretory VSMCs. Suppression of these matrix proteins may underlie the effects of NO-cGMP signaling to inhibit VSMC migration and phenotypic modulation.
Is the Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 −2518 G Allele a Risk Factor for Severe Acute Pancreatitis?
Authors: Georgios I. Papachristou, David A. Sass, Haritha Avula, Janette Lamb, Anna Lokshin, M. Michael Barmada, Adam Slivka, David C. Whitcomb
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
Memory T Cells
Authors: Fadi G. Lakkis, Mohamed H. Sayegh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

The induction of immunologic tolerance is an important clinical goal in transplantation and autoimmunity. Immunologic tolerance is traditionally defined as specific unresponsiveness to a self- or foreign antigen while maintaining reactivity to other (third party) antigens ([1,2][1][⇓][2]). In the
Suppression of Toll-like Receptors 3-, 7- and 9-induced B cell Activation and Antibody Production by Repetitive Oligonucleotides from Mammalian Telomere
Authors: C. Sackesen, M. Akdis, J. Zumkehr, S.S. Alkan, K. Blaser, I. Gursel, C.A. Akdis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Dietary intake of antioxidant (pro)-vitamins, respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function: the MORGEN study
Authors: L. Grievink, H. A Smit, M. C Ocke, P. van `t Veer, D. Kromhout
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> A study was undertaken to investigate the relationships between the intake of the antioxidant (pro)-vitamins C, E and β-carotene and the presence of respiratory symptoms and lung function. <h3>METHODS</h3> Complete data were collected in a cross sectional study in a random sample of the Dutch population on 6555 adults during 1994 and 1995. Antioxidant intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, productive cough, wheeze, shortness of breath) were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Prevalence odds ratios for symptoms were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Linear regression analysis was used for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) and forced vital capacity (FVC). The results are presented as a comparison between the 90th and 10th percentiles of antioxidant intake. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Vitamin C intake was not associated with most symptoms but was inversely related with cough. Subjects with a high intake of vitamin C had a 53 ml (95% CI 23 to 83) higher FEV<sub>1</sub> and 79 ml (95% CI 42 to 116) higher FVC than those with a low vitamin C intake. Vitamin E intake showed no association with most symptoms and lung function, but had a positive association with productive cough. The intake of β-carotene was not associated with most symptoms but had a positive association with wheeze. However, subjects with a high intake of β-carotene had a 60 ml (95% CI 31 to 89) higher FEV<sub>1</sub> and 75 ml (95% CI 40 to 110) higher FVC than those with a low intake of β-carotene. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The results of this study suggest that a high intake of vitamin C or β-carotene is protective for FEV<sub>1</sub> and FVC compared with a low intake, but not for respiratory symptoms.
Identification of a time window for therapy to reduce experimental canine myocardial injury: suppression of neutrophil activation during 72 hours of reperfusion.
Authors: P J Simpson, J C Fantone, J K Mickelson, K P Gallagher, B R Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The cardio-protective effects of neutrophil depletion or inhibition of neutrophil activation early in the course of myocardial reperfusion has been established. Whether these treatments would be effective during extended periods of reperfusion has not been ascertained. Open-chest anesthetized dogs were subjected to left circumflex artery (LCX) occlusion for 90 minutes followed by 72 hours of reperfusion. Dogs were randomized into one of four groups: 1) control; 2) Ilo-2 (iloprost 100 ng/kg/min administered via the left atrium beginning 10 minutes after LCX occlusion and continuing 2 hours into reperfusion); 3) Ilo-48 (iloprost 100 ng/kg/min administered as above until 1 hour after reperfusion then 25 ng/kg/min for 48 hours of reperfusion; or 4) antibody (neutrophil antibody administered before occlusion and 1/2 hourly for 2 hours of reperfusion and then every 24 hours). Myocardial infarct size, as a percentage of the area at risk assessed after 72 hours of reperfusion, was significantly smaller in the antibody-treated group (32.1 +/- 5.0% mean +/- SEM) or Ilo-48 (22.6 +/- 4.0%) treatment group compared with control (48.7 +/- 5.6%) or Ilo-2 (57.6 +/- 5.2%) groups. Regional myocardial blood flow studies demonstrated that all groups developed similar degrees of ischemia. The iloprost-treated groups had lower mean arterial blood pressures during occlusion and reperfusion than groups 1 and 4 (p less than 0.05). Circulating neutrophil counts were increased in groups 1 and 2 at 24 and 48 hours after reperfusion compared to groups 3 and 4 (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gemcitabine uptake in glioblastoma multiforme: potential as a radiosensitizer
Authors: J. Sigmond, R.J. Honeywell, T.J. Postma, C.M.F. Dirven, S.M. de Lange, K. van der Born, A.C. Laan, J.C.A. Baayen, C.J. Van Groeningen, A.M. Bergman, G. Giaccone, G.J. Peters
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)