tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mortality Among Persons With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Denmark
Authors: Sandra M. Meier, Manuel Mattheisen, Ole Mors, Diana E. Schendel, Preben B. Mortensen, Kerstin J. Plessen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Several mental disorders have consistently been found to be associated with decreased life expectancy, but little is known about whether this is also the case for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether persons who receive a diagnosis of OCD are at increased risk of death. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Using data from Danish registers, we conducted a nationwide prospective cohort study with 30 million person-years of follow-up. The data were collected from Danish longitudinal registers. A total of 3 million people born between 1955 and 2006 were followed up from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2011. During this period, 27 236 people died. The data were analyzed primarily in June 2015. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> We estimated mortality rate ratios (MRRs), adjusted for calendar year, age, sex, maternal and paternal age, place of residence at birth, and somatic comorbidities, to compare persons with OCT with persons without OCD. <h3>Results</h3> Of 10 155 persons with OCD (5935 women and 4220 men with a mean [SD] age of 29.1 [11.3] years who contributed a total of 54 937 person-years of observation), 110 (1.1%) died during the average follow-up of 9.7 years. The risk of death by natural or unnatural causes was significantly higher among persons with OCD (MRR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.31-2.12] for natural causes; MRR, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.91-3.47] for unnatural causes) than among the general population. After the exclusion of persons with comorbid anxiety disorders, depression, or substance use disorders, OCD was still associated with increased mortality risk (MRR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.27-2.67]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The presence of OCD was associated with a significantly increased mortality risk. Comorbid anxiety disorders, depression, or substance use disorders further increased the risk. However, after adjusting for these and somatic comorbidities, we found that the mortality risk remained significantly increased among persons with OCD.
Successful management of low-stage neuroblastoma without adjuvant therapies: a comparison of two decades, 1972 through 1981 and 1982 through 1992, in a single institution.
Authors: A E Evans, J H Silber, A Shpilsky, G J D'Angio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE A review was undertaken of 119 children seen at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1972 and 1992 to assess the impact of adjuvant therapies for patients with low-stage neuroblastoma (NBL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-one of 119 International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage 1, 2a, 2b, and 4s patients seen received initial adjuvant treatment postoperatively and 98 did not. The patients were further subdivided according to decade, age, presence of residual disease, and lymph node status. Outcomes were then compared. RESULTS The event-free survival (EFS) rate for those who received adjuvant therapy was 52% versus 86% for those who did not. The 5-year survival rate was 68% and 94%, respectively. Age (&lt; or &gt; 12 months), extent of residual disease, and status of lymph nodes did not influence survival. Over the two decades, the reasons for selecting treatment changed as new and powerful additional prognostic factors were identified; 71% of patients received no adjuvant treatment in the first decade, compared with 90% in the second. EFS rates for untreated patients by decade were 79% and 89%, and 5-year survival rates were 85% and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSION It is possible to define most low-stage NBL as favorable-even in patients with positive lymph nodes and gross residual disease-and to omit initial adjuvant treatments successfully.
Effects of &lt;sc&gt;L&lt;/sc&gt;-Histidinol on the Susceptibility of P815 Mastocytoma Cells to Selected Anticancer Drugs In Vitro and in DBA/2J Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R C Warrington, I Cheng, W D Fang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The effects of L-histidinol on the susceptibility of the transplantable murine mast-cell neoplasm P815 mastocytoma to selected anticancer drugs have been evaluated on cells growing in culture and in syngeneic DBA/2J mice. Combinations of L-histidinol and anticancer drugs of either phase specificity [cytarabine (ara-C) and vinblastine sulfate] or cycle specificity [5-fluorouracil (FUra) and methotrexate] had diverse effects on cultured mastocytoma cells as scored by clonogenic cell survival assays. Flow cytometric analysis of randomly proliferating P815 mastocytoma cells revealed that although exposure to L-histidinol did not preclude cells from traversing the cell cycle, the analogue nonetheless conferred a dose-dependent and apparently nonspecific delay of cell cycle transit. DBA/2J mice bearing intraperitoneal P815 mastocytoma cells were used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of L-histidinol-ara-C and of L-histidinol-FUra combinations. Quantitative cell survival assays of murine bone marrow cells and of clonogenic tumor cells obtained from treated animals demonstrated that L-histidinol eliminated the bone marrow toxicity otherwise attending the use of the drugs ara-C and FUra. Simultaneously, the inclusion of L-histidinol provided a statistically significant increase in the capacity of these two anticancer drugs to eradicate intraperitoneal mastocytoma cells.
Sharing clinical trial data: a proposal from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
Authors: Darren B Taichman, Joyce Backus, Christopher Baethge, Howard Bauchner, Peter W de Leeuw, Jeffrey M Drazen, John Fletcher, Frank A Frizelle, Trish Groves, Abraham Haileamlak, Astrid James, Christine Laine, Larry Peiperl, Anja Pinborg, Peush Sahni, Sinan Wu
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
Histological Characteristics Of Hepatitis C-Associated B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Results Of The French Lympho-C ANRS HC-13 Multicentric Study Of 133 Patients
Authors: Danielle Canioni, Jean Marie Michot, Catherine Settegrana, Henda Driss, Pascaline Rabiega, Yves Barthe, Laurent Alric, Felipe Suarez, Patrice Cacoub, David Sibon, Catherine Thieblemont, Herve Tilly, Corinne Haioun, Anne Felim, Florence NGuyen Khac, Helene Merle-Beral, Yacine Taoufik, Fabrice Carrat, Frederic Davi, Olivier Hermine, Caroline Besson
Journal: Blood (2013)
ECOG 8802: Phase II trial of doxorubicin (Dox) and gemcitabine (Gem) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sarcomatoid features
Authors: N. Haas, J. Manola, M. Pins, G. Liu, D. McDermott, D. Nanus, E. Heath, G. Wilding, J. Dutcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

5038 Background: Patients (pts) with RCC containing sarcomatoid features have poor prognoses.Cytokine therapy is ineffective, and experience with mTor inhibitors or multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors is early. We evaluated Dox/Gem in these pts with locally advanced or metastatic disease to confirm previous activity of this regimen in a single institution trial. Methods: Pts received Dox 50mg/m 2 IV push and Gem 1500mg/m 2 IV over 30 minutes every 2 weeks (with G-CSF 5 mcg/kg/d days 2 or 3 to 10 or pegfilgrastim 6 mg day 2) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Dose reductions occurred for low granulocytes and or platelets, mucositis, cardiac toxicity, or other grade 3 - 4 toxicities. Dox was discontinued after a cumulative dose of 450 mg/m 2 unless pt had normal cardiac function. The study targeted a promising response rate (RR) of 20% vs. 5%, with 90% power and 8% Type I error. A 2-stage design was used; &gt;4 responses were needed for efficacy. Results: From February 2004 to April 2007, 39 pts with RCC of sarcomatoid (47%) or mixed histology (53%) containing sarcomatoid features were accrued by ECOG (n = 35), NCCTG (n = 2), and CALGB (n = 2). 1 pt withdrew before treatment. Pts were mostly male (81%), with cT3/T4 (68%), node negative (61%), M1 (58%) disease at diagnosis and ECOG PS 0–1. Metastases included lung (71%) and lymph nodes (58%). Pts received a median 6.5 cycles (range, 1 - 16). Treatment was moderately tolerable: grade 4 neutropenia (3 pts, 1 with fever), grade 4 dyspnea (1 pt), grade 4 peristomal infection (1 pt). 2 of 38 pts stopped treatment due to toxicity. 1 complete and 5 partial responses (PR) were observed (16%, 90% CI 7.1–28.8%). A 7th patient had an unconfirmed PR and an eighth patient had &gt; 50 percent decrease in tumor burden after an initial progression. 9 patients had stable disease. Two pts are alive without progression (1 with a PFS of 2.5 years), 1 is alive with progression, and 35 patients have died. Median PFS is 3.5 months (95% CI 2.8–5.2 mos). Median OS is 8.8 mos (6.1–11.1 mos). Conclusions: Dox/Gem met efficacy criteria in RCC with sarcomatoid features. A TKI/Gem regimen in ECOG is planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Dual Blockade with Afatinib and Trastuzumab As Neoadjuvant Treatment for Patients with Locally Advanced or Operable Breast Cancer Receiving Taxane-Anthracycline Containing Chemotherapy (Dafne)-Gbg70 – Efficacy and Safety Analysis
Authors: C. Hanusch, A. Schneeweiss, M. Untch, S. Paepke, S. Kümmel, C. Jackisch, J. Huober, J. Hilfrich, B. Gerber, H. Eidtmann, C. Denkert, S. Costa, J.U. Blohmer, S. Loibl, N. Burchardi, G. von Minckwitz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Forkhead box transcription factor FoxG1 is over-expressed in ovarian cancer and can inhibit p21 expression.
Authors: Vws Liu, DW Chan, MY To, PM Chiu, Hys Ngan
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3432  Loss of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mediated anti-proliferative responses is one of the major causes of tumor growth. However, several reports have suggested that TGF-β signaling components remain intact in ovarian cancer, and therefore leaving the mechanism of TGF-β resistance involved in ovarian cancer remains unknown. Previous studies have demonstrated that FoxG1 abolishes the TGF-β mediated growth inhibition by suppressing the transcription activation of p21in several human cancers. Besides, an inverse relationship between FoxG1 and p21 expression has been observed. In our own study, in 8 ovarian cancer cell lines studied, 5 of them showed Smad3 activation and p21 induction upon TGF-β treatment, suggesting that these 5 cell lines acquire functional TGF-β signaling components. Our cDNA microarray data shows that the expression level of FoxG1 in ovarian cancer cell lines is 2.2 fold higher than that in human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the up-regulation of FoxG1 mRNA expression in ovarian tumor tissues. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that 70% of ovarian carcinomas over-expressed FoxG1. Therefore, we hypothesize that FoxG1 may have a significant oncogenic role in ovarian cancer. Enforced expression of FoxG1 in two ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780cp and SKOV3, selectively blocked the TGF-β-induced p21 activation and showed an increase in cell proliferation. In addition, knockdown of FoxG1 expression in SKOV3 cell line using FoxG1 specific shRNA resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation together with 2 fold increase in p21 expression. Transient reporter assay on HEK293 and A2780cp cell lines also showed that FoxG1 inhibited the p21 promoter activity at transcriptional level. These data suggest the participation of FoxG1 in the loss of the TGF-β mediated anti-proliferative responses in ovarian cancer cells by suppressing the transcription level of p21. We are currently using other in vitro and in vivo experiments to further characterize the functions of FoxG1. Our findings represent the first report of the potential oncogenic role of FoxG1 in ovarian cancer.
Abstract 13356: Effects of Chronic Vagal Stimulation on Open-loop Baroreflex Function in Heart Failure Rats
Authors: Toru Kawada, Meihua Li, Can Zheng, Shuji Shimizu, Atsunori Kamiya, Michael J Turner, Masaru Sugimachi
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background:  Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is explored as a new treatment for chronic heart failure (CHF). Although arterial baroreflex function is known to be depressed in CHF, effects of the VNS treatment on the open-loop characteristics of the arterial baroreflex remain unknown. The present study aimed to quantify the effects of the VNS treatment on the baroreflex function in CHF rats.   Methods:  Myocardial infarction was produced in anesthetized rats. The rats survived after myocardial infarction was implanted with a telemetry transmitter for blood pressure monitoring and a radio stimulator for VNS. The right vagal nerve was chronically stimulated (10 seconds per minute). After 6 weeks of VNS treatment, the rat was anesthetized and the carotid sinus baroreceptor regions were isolated from the systemic circulation. The aortic depressor nerves and the vagi were sectioned bilaterally. The isolated carotid sinuses were exposed to a staircase-wise pressure input from 60 to 180 mmHg with an increment of 20 mmHg per minute. Changes in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial pressure (AP) in response to baroreceptor pressure input were compared between VNS-treated (n = 7) and untreated (n = 7) CHF rats.   Results:  The maximum percent SNA reduction was significantly greater in the VNS-treated than in the untreated group (59.6±5.4% vs. 34.8±8.3%, P = 0.027), suggesting improved baroreflex function to suppress SNA. In contrast, the slope of the AP response to a percent increase in SNA was not significantly different between the VNS-treated and untreated groups (0.65±0.08 vs. 0.73±0.05 mmHg/%, P = 0.42). There was no statistically significant difference in the response range of AP (41.2±0.7 vs. 26.7±6.1 mmHg, P = 0.15) or the maximum gain of the AP regulation (1.53±0.42 vs. 0.92±0.21, P = 0.21) between the two groups.   Conclusion:  Chronic VNS treatment improved the arterial baroreflex function to suppress SNA, but the improvement of the overall function to regulate AP was limited due to the lack of significant improvement of the AP response to a percent increase in SNA.
Benzydamine for prophylaxis of radiation induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancers: Double-blind clinical trial
Authors: S. Kamian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9042 Background: Oral mucositis is one of the most common adverse effects of radiotherapy in head and neck tumors. We determined the efficacy of oral rinse benzydamine in prevention of radiation induced mucositis. Methods: Patients with head and neck cancers were enrolled in a randomize, placebo-controlled clinical trail to receive either benzydamine or placebo. All the cases received at least 50 Gy radiation to the oral cavity and oropharyngeal areas. The end points were comparison of highest grade of mucositis at the end of radiotherapy, frequency of grade 2 or more, the interval days to establishing grade 2 in the groups. Results: 100 patients with head and neck cancers were randomized in this trail. At the end of the study, 19 patients were excluded of the analysis due to minor side effects of drug, or stopping the radiotherapy. In 39 cases in the treated group, the frequency of mucositis grade 3 or more was 43.6% (17 cases) in contrast to 78.6% (33 cases) in 42 cases in the placebo group, which was significant (p=0.001). Mucositis grade 3 or more was 2.6 times frequent in placebo group (CI=95%, relative risk=1.38–5). At the end of RT, at least 42% of the treated group had mucositis grade 3 or more in contrast to at least 76% in the control group which was statistically significant. Intensity of mucositis was increased up to forth week of treatment in both groups to grade 2. In the treated group the grade of mucositis was approximately constant to the end of therapy; but in the control group it raised to grade 3 (p&lt;0.001). The highest grade of mucositis during the treatment time was significantly different between two groups (p=0.049). The median interval days of establishing grade 2 mucositis was 3.6 days sooner in the placebo group (p=0.12). Conclusions: According to these results it seems that oral rinse benzydamine was effective, safe, and well tolerated for prophylactic treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck tumors. [Table: see text]
Abstract 9845: Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Jong-Won Chung, Beom Joon Kim, Nam-Kyong Choi, Seung-Hoon Lee, Byung-Joo Park, Byung-Woo Yoon
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Since the discovery of fermented beverage, alcohol has been the most widely used recreational drink for mankind. However, impact of alcohol consumption on CVD remains unclear. Methods: We conducted prospective nationwide cohort study (Korean national health insurance service cohort), including 18,080,391 Korean adults (age ≥19), to provide new evidence on the effect of alcohol consumption on CVD. Nationwide biennial health check-up results and national health information/surveillance system data were gathered during study period. Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the association between weekly alcohol consumption dose [none (reference), 60-119g, 120-179g, 180-239g, 240-419g, and ≥420g] and CVD events after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (kg/m2), hypertension, diabetes, hemoglobin level (g/dl), total cholesterol level (mg/dl), smoking status, physical activity, and diet style. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 43.9±14.6 years, 53.9% were men, and 49.1% were alcohol drinkers. During mean follow-up period of 5.0 years, CVD developed in 211,202 subjects (coronary heart disease, 35,060; ischemic stroke, 137,426; intracerebral hemorrhage, 24,429; subarachnoid hemorrhage, 14,287). In multivariable adjusted analysis, protective effect of alcohol consumption was observed in all doses for coronary heart disease (maximum in ≥420g category, HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.43-0.51) and ischemic stroke (maximum in 120~179g category, HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.76-0.83). Harmful effect of alcohol consumption was observed in all doses for intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, with significant linear trend. Alcohol consumption reduced risk of total CVD events in all doses (maximum in 120~179g category, HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.79-0.84). Conclusions: Alcohol consumption is associated with reduced risk of overall CVD events, despite of deleterious association with hemorrhagic stroke.
Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Of 2,761 Genes Detects Copy Number States and Molecular Mutations In a Single Approach
Authors: Alexander Kohlmann, Andreas Roller, Sandra Weissmann, Sabrina Kuznia, Melanie Zenger, Wolfgang Kern, Susanne Schnittger, Torsten Haferlach, Claudia Haferlach
Journal: Blood (2013)
Fortnightly Review: Evaluating fever in travellers returning from tropical countries
Authors: A. Humar, J. Keystone
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> ------------------------------------------- Summary points ------------------------- * Fever in the returned traveller may represent a tropical infection or an illness common to non-travellers such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection <b>* Initial investigations include thick and thin blood films for malaria; a complete blood count; liver function tests; urine analysis; culture of blood, urine, and stool; and arbovirus serology</b>: ----------------------------------
Race, insurance, and receipt of surgery among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: J. C. Yu, A. I. Neugut, S. Wang, J. S. Jacobson, J. Moss, S. Scrudato, L. Ferrante, V. Khungar, E. Lim, R. S. Brown, A. B. Siegel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

6592 Background: Prior studies have found that white patients were more likely than black patients to have some cancer-related surgical procedures; a few studies have found associations between insurance status or other socioeconomic factors and patterns of care. We analyzed factors associated with surgery among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at our institution. Methods: Among consecutive patients diagnosed with HCC from 1/1/02 to 12/31/06, we analyzed the association of demographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity), clinical (etiology, Child-Pugh score, Milan criteria, stage, macrovascular invasion (MVI), AFP, tumor size, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease), lifestyle (tobacco use) and socioeconomic (income, insurance) factors with surgery (resection or transplant) and with survival. Results: Among 403 patients, 164 (41%) had surgery. Median age at diagnosis was 60 years. In a multivariable logistic regression model, factors associated with receiving surgery included private insurance (OR 7.6, 1.5–38.2), Child-Pugh A score (OR 5.9, 1.5- 22.6), and low AFP (OR 242.8, 21.0–999.9). Factors associated with not receiving surgery included Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.2, 0.1–0.9), tumor more extensive than the Milan criteria (OR 0.1, 0.0–0.5), and macrovascular invasion (OR 0.2, 0.0–0.9). Overall, median survival was 1.9 yrs and 3-yr survival was 14.8%. 3-yr survival was 19.1% for whites, 8.0% for blacks, 11.7% for Hispanics, and 24.4% for Asians. 3-yr survival was 20.2% for privately insured patients, 9.5% for Medicare patients, and 5.7% for Medicaid patients. Kaplan Meier survival curves differed by ethnicity (p=0.0007) and insurance status (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Hispanic patients and those who had Medicaid insurance were less likely than white patients and those who had private insurance to undergo surgery. However, although they were less likely to have surgery, Hispanics had better 3-yr survival than blacks. Patient Characteristics and Survival N % surgery % 3-year survival Ethnicity * White 159 55.4 19.1 Black 50 36.0 8.0 Hispanic 129 27.1 11.7 Asian 41 48.8 24.4 Child-Pugh * A 125 63.2 23.2 B 118 37.3 11.9 C 151 25.2 8.0 Insurance * Private 236 57.6 20.2 Medicare 74 21.6 9.5 Medicaid 71 16.9 5.7 Milan * Yes 122 63.1 22.1 No 198 24.2 9.6 AFP * ≤400 208 69.7 21.7 >400 195 9.7 5.1 *P-value <0.0001 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Statins and outcomes in patients with pneumonia
Authors: Eelko Hak, Arno W Hoes
Journal: BMJ (2006)

How doctors' anonymity in family courts is under threat Gornall is way out of dateEditor-Gornall is embarrassingly out of date in his detailed analysis of the B case (which was dealt with by the family courts nearly three years ago), and its relevance to proposed changes in the law to make the English family court system more transparent. 1 Since then, notwithstanding the ever increasingly exaggerated claims from some quarters that opening the family courts would harm children and deter court experts, the courts themselves are acknowledging the need for English family courts to do their business in the more transparent way that courts in Canada, Australia, and of course Scotland have done without apparent difficulty for years.Several High Court judgments have recorded judicial support for more openness to increase public confidence, and Gornall fails to mention that the president and many of his senior judges are in favour of change in this direction.In a landmark case which was decided on 3 November, Munby J agreed that an ongoing case where parents dispute expert evidence that they injured their child should be open to the media.The local authority concerned issued a "position statement" to the press and the reporting in the Times, Guardian, and the Mail on Sunday set out both sides' cases, as did the broadcasting media.A BBC "Real Story" programme on the case allowed a senior official from the local authority ample time to put their case.No vilification of any experts involved was reported.It is likely that more judges will follow Munby J's example and more public interest cases will be opened to the media pending any change in the law.Will the skies fall in?I doubt it, but your readers can judge for themselves.Hopefully they will understand that in complex childcare cases where expert evidence may be tenuous and the stakes for children are very high, public debate can stimulate awareness of the problems faced by all professionals involved in child protection.It's difficult getting the balance right, but doing it in secret doesn't help.