tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of dexamethasone and granisetron in the control of delayed emesis for patients who receive highly emetogenic chemotherapy. National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.
Authors: J Latreille, J Pater, D Johnston, F Laberge, D Stewart, J Rusthoven, P Hoskins, B Findlay, E McMurtrie, L Yelle, C Williams, D Walde, S Ernst, H Dhaliwal, D Warr, F Shepherd, D Mee, L Nishimura, D Osoba, B Zee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To evaluate the roles of granisetron and dexamethasone for emesis control on days 2 through 7 after the administration of cisplatin in doses of 50 mg/m2 or greater to patients who had not previously received chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four hundred thirty-five eligible and assessable patients were randomized to one of two arms in a double-blind fashion: arm A; granisetron 3 mg intravenous (i.v.) plus dexamethasone 10 mg i.v. prechemotherapy followed by granisetron 1 mg orally at 6 and 12 hours, then granisetron 1 mg orally and dexamethasone 8 mg orally twice daily on days 2 through 7 (219 patients); arm B; as in arm A but with placebo substituted for granisetron on days 2 through 7 (216 patients). All patients completed diaries in which episodes of emesis and severity of nausea were recorded. RESULTS The addition of granisetron on days 2 through 7 had no discernable impact on nausea and vomiting during this period. CONCLUSION The administration of a 5-hydroxytryptamine3, receptor (5-HT3) antagonist, in this case granisetron, after 24 hours conferred no benefit. This negative result needs to be assessed in light of conflicting literature, but at present it does not appear that the routine use of these drugs in this setting is justified.
Persistent but not Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Is Independently Associated With Lower Cognitive Function
Authors: Lin Y. Chen, Sunil K. Agarwal, Faye L. Norby, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Laura R. Loehr, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Thomas H. Mosley, Aaron R. Folsom, Josef Coresh, Alvaro Alonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Opioids Prescribed After Low-Risk Surgical Procedures in the United States, 2004-2012
Authors: Hannah Wunsch, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Molly A. Passarella, Mark D. Neuman
Journal: JAMA (2016)

oral morphine equivalents prescribed.Although a limited supply of opioids may be required for some patients following tooth extraction, these data suggest that disproportionally large amounts of opioids are frequently prescribed given the expected intensity and duration of postextraction pain, particularly as nonopioid analgesics may be more effective in this setting. 5 This study has limitations.Findings based on data from Medicaid claims may not generalize to a commercially insured population.Also, the final year of the study was 2010, and it is possible that dental prescribing practices have changed somewhat since that time.This common dental procedure may represent an important area of excessive opioid prescribing in the United States.As the nation implements programs to reduce excessive prescribing of opioid medications, it will be important to include dental care in these approaches.
One-Day Ex Vivo Culture Allows Effective Gene Transfer Into Human Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immune-Deficient Repopulating Cells Using High-Titer Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Protein Pseudotyped Retrovirus
Authors: Vivienne I. Rebel, Mayumi Tanaka, Jeng-Shin Lee, Sheila Hartnett, Michael Pulsipher, David G. Nathan, Richard C. Mulligan, Colin A. Sieff
Journal: Blood (1999)
Toward High-Reliability Vaccination Efforts in the United States
Authors: Matthew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A hematopoietic organ-specific 49-kD nuclear antigen: predominance in immature normal and tumor granulocytes and detection in hematopoietic precursor cells
Authors: BC Lee, Y Shav-Tal, A Peled, Y Gothelf, W Jiang, J Toledo, RE Ploemacher, N Haran-Ghera, D Zipori
Journal: Blood (1996)
Strictly co-isogenic C57BL/6J-<i>Prnp</i>−/− mice: A rigorous resource for prion science
Authors: Mario Nuvolone, Mario Hermann, Silvia Sorce, Giancarlo Russo, Cinzia Tiberi, Petra Schwarz, Eric Minikel, Despina Sanoudou, Pawel Pelczar, Adriano Aguzzi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Although its involvement in prion replication and neurotoxicity during transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is undisputed, the physiological role of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) remains enigmatic. A plethora of functions have been ascribed to PrPC based on phenotypes of Prnp−/− mice. However, all currently available Prnp−/− lines were generated in embryonic stem cells from the 129 strain of the laboratory mouse and mostly crossed to non-129 strains. Therefore, Prnp-linked loci polymorphic between 129 and the backcrossing strain resulted in systematic genetic confounders and led to erroneous conclusions. We used TALEN-mediated genome editing in fertilized mouse oocytes to create the Zurich-3 (ZH3) Prnp-ablated allele on a pure C57BL/6J genetic background. Genomic, transcriptional, and phenotypic characterization of PrnpZH3/ZH3 mice failed to identify phenotypes previously described in non–co-isogenic Prnp−/− mice. However, aged PrnpZH3/ZH3 mice developed a chronic demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, confirming the crucial involvement of PrPC in peripheral myelin maintenance. This new line represents a rigorous genetic resource for studying the role of PrPC in physiology and disease.
Human Rabies — Missouri, 2014
Authors: P. Drew Pratt, Kathleen Henschel, George Turabelidze, Autumn Grim, James A. Ellison, Lillian Orciari, Pamela Yager, Richard Franka, Xianfu Wu, Xiaoyue Ma, Ashutosh Wadhwa, Todd G. Smith, Brett Petersen, Miriam Shiferaw
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

On September 18, 2014, the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (MDHSS) was notified of a suspected rabies case in a Missouri resident. The patient, a man aged 52 years, lived in a rural, deeply wooded area, and bat sightings in and around his home were anecdotally reported. Exposure to bats poses a risk for rabies. After two emergency department visits for severe neck pain, paresthesia in the left arm, upper body tremors, and anxiety, he was hospitalized on September 13 for encephalitis of unknown etiology. On September 24, he received a diagnosis of rabies and on September 26, he died. Genetic sequencing tests confirmed infection with a rabies virus variant associated with tricolored bats. Health care providers need to maintain a high index of clinical suspicion for rabies in patients who have unexplained, rapidly progressive encephalitis, and adhere to recommended infection control practices when examining and treating patients with suspected infectious diseases.
Definition of authorship may be changed
Authors: P V Scott, T C Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<b>Background:</b> Nivo is the gold standard for second line treatment of advanced NSCLC. Hyper-progression (HP) is a form of early progression observed during treatment by immune checkpoint inhibitors and usually fatal which has been poorly evaluated. <b>Aim:</b> To determine factors associated with HP in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivo. <b>Methods:</b> Our multi-center retrospective study included all patients with advanced NSCLC receiving nivo during the French authorisation for temporary use between January and December 2015. HP was defined as progression or death occurring before any tumour evaluation or before 3 injections of nivo. <b>Results:</b> 263 patients were included with 14.6-months median follow-up. Median overall survival (OS) at the date of cut-off was 10.1 months [95% CI (7.7 – 13.0)]. Baseline characteristics were as follows: 65 years, 68% male, 92% smokers, 62% with adenocarcinoma histology, 28% with squamous cell carcinoma and 10% with other, 66% with PS 0-1 at nivo initiation. Fifty-one patients (19%) had progressed before receiving 3 injections of nivo and a further 51 (19%) before receiving 5. Patients who presented with more rapid progression had worse PS at nivo initiation (p=0.042), worse PS at first nivo evaluation (p&lt;0.0001) and received treatment after nivo progression in fewer cases (p&lt;0.0001). They also had shorter nivo overall survival (OS): 1.3 months versus 4.6 months, p&lt;0.0001. <b>Conclusion:</b> Nearly 20% of our patients experienced HP before 3 injections of nivo resulting in worsening OS. HP needs to be further studied in order to better select patients who will truly benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Midazolam for aggressivity and violence in three mentally retarded patients
Authors: W S Bond, L A Mandos, M B Kurtz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Midazolam was administered to three mentally retarded patients with acute and refractory aggressivity and violence. Midazolam was well tolerated without complications and provided dramatic control of the symptoms, suggesting an expanded role for it in the management of aggressive and violent behavior.
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness Associated With Sickle Cell Disease Is Mediated By Placenta Growth Factor
Authors: Mingyan Yang, Anastacia Loberg, Tilat Rizvi, Michael Wourms, Lanxi Song, Katie Burke, Nancy Ratner, Peter Carmeliet, Timothy LeCras, Marsha Wills-Karp, Punam Malik
Journal: Blood (2013)
Phase I study with ONCOS-102 for the treatment of solid tumors – an evaluation of clinical response and exploratory analyses of immune markers
Authors: Tuuli Ranki, Sari Pesonen, Akseli Hemminki, Kaarina Partanen, Kalevi Kairemo, Tuomo Alanko, Johan Lundin, Nina Linder, Riku Turkki, Ari Ristimäki, Elke Jäger, Julia Karbach, Claudia Wahle, Matti Kankainen, Charlotta Backman, Mikael von Euler, Elina Haavisto, Tiina Hakonen, Raita Heiskanen, Magnus Jaderberg, Juuso Juhila, Petri Priha, Laura Suoranta, Lotta Vassilev, Antti Vuolanto, Timo Joensuu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2016)

We conducted a phase I study with a granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF)-expressing oncolytic adenovirus, ONCOS-102, in patients with solid tumors refractory to available treatments. The objectives of the study were to determine the optimal dose for further use and to assess the safety, tolerability and adverse event (AE) profile of ONCOS-102. Further, the response rate and overall survival were evaluated as well as preliminary evidence of disease control. As an exploratory endpoint, the effect of ONCOS 102 on biological correlates was examined.The study was conducted using a classic 3 + 3 dose escalation study design involving 12 patients. Patients were repeatedly treated intratumorally with ONCOS-102 plus daily low-dose oral cyclophosphamide (CPO). Tumor response was evaluated with diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT). Tumor biopsies were collected at baseline and after treatment initiation for analysis of immunological correlates. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at baseline and during the study to assess antigen specificity of CD8+ T cells by interferon gamma (IFNγ) enzyme linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT).No dose limiting toxicity (DLT) or maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was identified for ONCOS-102. Four out of ten (40 %) evaluable patients had disease control based on PET/CT scan at 3 months and median overall survival was 9.3 months. A short-term increase in systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines and a prominent infiltration of TILs to tumors was seen post-treatment in 11 out of 12 patients. Two patients showed marked infiltration of CD8+ T cells to tumors and concomitant systemic induction of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, high expression levels of genes associated with activated TH1 cells and TH1 type immune profile were observed in the post-treatment biopsies of these two patients.ONCOS-102 is safe and well tolerated at the tested doses. All three examined doses may be used in further development. There was evidence of antitumor immunity and signals of clinical efficacy. Importantly, treatment resulted in infiltration of CD8+ T cells to tumors and up-regulation of PD-L1, highlighting the potential of ONCOS-102 as an immunosensitizing agent for combinatory therapies with checkpoint inhibitors.NCT01598129. Registered 19/04/2012.
Genome-Wide Profiles of Extra-cranial Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors Reveal Heterogeneity and Dysregulated Developmental Pathways
Authors: Hye-Jung E. Chun, Emilia L. Lim, Alireza Heravi-Moussavi, Saeed Saberi, Karen L. Mungall, Mikhail Bilenky, Annaick Carles, Kane Tse, Inna Shlafman, Kelsey Zhu, Jenny Q. Qian, Diana L. Palmquist, An He, William Long, Rodrigo Goya, Michelle Ng, Veronique G. LeBlanc, Erin Pleasance, Nina Thiessen, Tina Wong, Eric Chuah, Yong-Jun Zhao, Jacquie E. Schein, Daniela S. Gerhard, Michael D. Taylor, Andrew J. Mungall, Richard A. Moore, Yussanne Ma, Steven J.M. Jones, Elizabeth J. Perlman, Martin Hirst, Marco A. Marra
Journal: Cancer Cell (2016)
Prostate cancer distribution in patients diagnosed by transperineal template-guided saturation biopsy: Implications for brachytherapy treatment planning
Authors: G. S. Merrick, S. Gutman, E. Adamovich, R. Anderson, Z. Allen, W. Butler, K. Wallner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

15533 Background: Prostate cancer remains undetected in approximately one-third of patients following standard transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. In this study, we evaluated prostate cancer incidence, anatomic distribution, Gleason score profile and tumor burden in patients diagnosed by transperineal template-guided saturation biopsy (TTSB). Methods: One hundred and seventeen patients underwent TTSB. TTSB was performed under general anesthesia. All but one patient had undergone at least one prior negative TRUS biopsy. Criteria for inclusion included an elevated PSA and/or the diagnosis of ASAP or high-grade PIN on prior biopsy. The prostate gland was divided into 24 regional biopsy locations with 1–3 biopsies per region. The median number of biopsy cores was 50. Multiple clinical parameters were evaluated as predictors for prostate cancer diagnosis. Results: The mean patient age was 64.8 years with a mean PSA of 9.1 ng/mL and a prostate volume of 78.6 cm 3 . On average, patients had undergone 2.1 prior negative TRUS biopsies with a mean of 22.4 core biopsies. Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 49 patients (41.9%) with a Gleason score distribution of 6–9. Patients with a prostate volume of = 60 cm 3 had a higher rate of cancer diagnosis compared to patients with larger glands (66% vs. 30%). Although no anatomic region of the prostate gland was spared of cancer, there was a preponderance of anterior-based malignancies. In patients with prostate cancer, an average of 9.9 cores were involved. In multivariate analysis, pre-saturation biopsy diagnosis and prostate volume were the best predictors for prostate cancer diagnosis. Conclusions: Transperineal template-guided saturation biopsy diagnosed prostate cancer in 41.9% of previously biopsied patients. Considerable anatomic variability in prostate cancer distribution was documented. Based on this and other reports, cancer eradication will be dependent on treatment of the entire prostate gland. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The role of iron chelation activity of wheat grass juice in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: S. Mukhopadhyay, J. Basak, M. Kar, S. Mandal, A. Mukhopadhyay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

7012 Background: A pilot study with wheat grass juice in major thalassaemia patients was done by a group of clinicians in IPGMR, Chandigarh, India. We performed a study of 200 patients of intermediate thalassaemia with wheat grass juice and found 80% patients becoming transfusion independent. During the study in majority of the patients, serum ferritin level was significantly less as compared to pretreatment values. The aim of our study was to see the effect of wheat grass juice in reducing Ferritin level in myelodysplastic syndrome and also do the biochemical analysis of the wheat grass juice. Methods: During period from January 2003 to December 2007 we selected 20 patients of transfusion dependent myelodysplastic syndrome in the oncology department of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute. The age range of the patients was 42 years to 72 years (median 55 years). The fresh leaves of 5–7-day-old wheat grasss including stems were made fresh juice and had given 30 mL of juice daily to all 20 patients for continuous 6 months. Wheat grass juice was analyzed by column chromatography and found to be rich in oxalic and malic acid which might have some role in dietary absorption of iron from intestine. Beside that the wheat grass juice was found to contain two unique active ingredients with iron chelating property which was performed by deoxyribose degradation assay. We compared aqueous soluble extract of 5–7-day-old plant and dose-dependent study showed a significant iron chelating activity of crude extract in comparison to known standard iron chelator desferroxamine (DFO). The active compounds of crude extract of wheat grass may chelate catalytic iron in iron overload disorders when taking systematic dose. Result: The mean serum Ferritin level of the patients was 2,250 (range 650–4,800) before wheat grass treatment. The mean reduced to 950 (range 68–1680) (p &lt; 0.0001). The performance status was improved from 60% to 80% (Karnofsky) after wheat grass treatment. The mean interval between transfusions was found increased. Conclusions: Wheat grass juice is an effective iron chelator and its use in reducing serum ferritin should be encouraged in myelodysplastic syndrome and other diseases where repeated blood transfusion is required. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Use of neurovascular imaging in GBM patients (pts) to quantify early physiologic changes after treatment with XL184, an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases: Results from a phase II study
Authors: A. G. Sorensen, D. Jenning, M. Wang, O. Andronesi, P. Chen, M. Prados, P. Wen, E. Jackson, S. Cha, J. deGroot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

2048 Background: Treatment of recurrent glioblastoma by targeting VEGF has gained recent attention. Bevacizumab (bev) or cediranib block VEGFR signaling which is detectable within one day by MRI; early changes on MRI may correlate with clinical outcome. XL184 is a potent orally bioavailable inhibitor of MET, RET, KIT, and VEGFR2; MET and VEGFR2 have been shown to play important roles in tumor angiogenesis. In preclinical models, simultaneous inhibition of MET and VEGFR2 with XL184 results in profound regression of tumor vasculature which is qualitatively different from that observed with other antiangiogenic agents. Methods: A multicenter phase II study of XL184 in 46 pts with relapsed or progressive GBM with primary endpoints of 6-month progression free survival and safety is fully enrolled. Vascular neuroimaging including DCE-MRI, CBV/CBF, diffusion, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is performed in these GBM pts treated with XL184. Lesion volumes are also calculated. Assessments are at baseline, 24 hours post first dose, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Results: As of January 1, 2009, 38 pts have undergone imaging. In all 9 pts with imaging available at Day 28, decreases in tumor size were seen on post-Gd T1 (mean drop 51%, SD 31%, p = 0.03 by t-test) and FLAIR (mean drop 53%, SD 20%, p = 0.001) consistent with an anti-vascular/anti-edema effect. In 11 of 14 pts T1 volume decrease was visible on Day 1 (mean drop 20%, SD 12%, p = 0.01), consistent with the rapid changes seen with VEGF inhibition. Two of 3 pts with no Day 1 decrease in enhancing lesion volume were bev-pretreated. Pts treated with other VEGF inhibitors (vandetanib, VEGF-TRAP) responded similarly to naïve pts at Day 1 and 28. Assessment of Ktrans in 5 pts showed a 79% decrease (SD 13%, p = 0.04). MRS from 3 pts showed an increase of the NAA/Choline ratio (10–100%) between the baseline and Day 28 scans, and a decrease in lipid levels (50–100%), suggesting inhibition of tumor progression. Conclusions: Treatment with XL184 results in significant decreases in lesion volume and Ktrans at Day 1 and even greater decreases at Day 28, suggestive of biological activity in GBM. [Table: see text]
Phase II study of gemcitabine (Gem) + docetaxel (D) in combination with trastuzumab (T) in patients (pts) with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC)
Authors: D. R. Fescina, W. Gradishar, M. Orlando, J. Rubinsak, L. Haney, Y. Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10730 Background: Addition of T to chemotherapy (chemo) is assoc. with improved overall survival (OS) in pts with HER2+ tumors. Combination chemo has shown improvements in PFS and OS over single agent in recent phase III studies. Pre-clinical models suggest that the combination of G and D appears to be synergistic and that either agent is also synergistic with T. Objectives: This multi-institutional study was designed to determine overall RR (primary endpoint), TTP, OS and the toxicity profile of the combination of G + D + T as first-line therapy for MBC pts. Design: Pts with measurable HER2-overexpressing (FISH+) MBC, no prior chemo in the metastatic setting, adequate end-organ function and PS 0–2, received Gem 1,000 mg/m 2 over 30 min on days 1 and 8 + D 75 mg/m 2 day 1 and T on day 1 (8 mg/kg over 90 min on cycle 1, then 6 mg/kg over 30 min on subsequent cycles) of a 21-day cycle, until progressive disease or undue toxicity. Results: 8 pts have been enrolled over a period of 16 months. Median age: 53 years (range 40–74); ER status ±: 5/3 pts; ECOG PS 0 = 3 pts, 1 = 4 pts, 2 = 1 pt; Prior adjuvant therapy: Chemo ± Hormonal 3, Hormonal only 3, T 1. Sites of Disease: All pts had visceral involvement (Lung 4, Liver 5) and 5 pts ≥ 2 sites of metastatic disease. Total number of cycles administered was 52; median per pt. 7 (range 4–10). Median delivered dose intensity for G, D and T was 91%, 92% and 100% respectively. Toxicity was generally manageable. One pt discontinued therapy due to adverse events (grade 3 pneumonitis). Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 27% and 10% of cycles; no grade 3/4 anemia or thrombocytopenia were recorded; Non-Heme toxicities of grade 2/3, included with dyspnea (0/2 pts), emesis (2/1), fatigue (4/1), diarrhea (1/1), dehydration (0/1), constipation (1/0). Complete alopecia was observed in 2 pts. No symptomatic cardiac toxicity was recorded. Best Overall RR assessment (N = 8): CR 3, PR 4, SD 1, PD 0, for an ORR of 7 out of 8 pts or 88% (95% CI: 47%–100%). Only 3 pts have progressed, and no pt has died. Progression-free survival at 1 year is 58%. Conclusion: According to this limited experience, the combination of G + D + T in front-line MBC is well tolerated and active. Study was discontinued due to slow accrual as of Feb 2004. Supported by Eli Lilly &amp; Company. [Table: see text]