tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New-Onset Diabetes after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Emilio Rodrigo, Gema Fernández-Fresnedo, Rosalía Valero, Juan Carlos Ruiz, Celestino Piñera, Rosa Palomar, Julio González-Cotorruelo, Carlos Gómez-Alamillo, Manuel Arias
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) contributes to the risk for cardiovascular disease and infection, reducing graft and patient survival. For improvement of the outcome of kidney transplant recipients, it is of great interest to know precisely the risk factors that contribute to NODAT development. Nonmodifiable risk factors for development of NODAT are age, race, genetic background, family history of diabetes, and previous glucose intolerance. Modifiable risk factors are obesity and overweight, hepatitis C virus and cytomegalovirus infections, and immunosuppressive drugs. Both steroids and calcineurin inhibitors influence the appearance of NODAT, whereas the role of sirolimus in glucose metabolism currently is controversial.
Isolated Pustular Nodule on the Thumb
Authors: Marilyn Zabielinski, Morissa J. Ladinsky, Kara N. Shah
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Selective Radiation of Hematolymphoid Tissue Delivered by Anti-CD45 Antibody
Authors: Matthews Dc, Badger Cc, Fisher Dr, Hui Te, Nourigat C, Appelbaum Fr, Martin Pj, Bernstein Id
Journal: Cancer Research (1992)

Abstract  The ability to deliver radiation selectively to lymphohematopoietic tissues may have utility in conditions treated by myeloablative regimens followed by bone marrow transplantation. Since the CD45 antigen is the most broadly expressed of hematopoietic antigens, we examined the biodistribution of radiolabeled anti-CD45 monoclonal antibodies in normal mice. Trace  125 I or  131 I-labeled monoclonal antibodies 30G12 (rat IgG2a), 30F11 (rat IgG2b), and F(ab9) 2  fragments of 30F11 were injected i.v. at doses of 5 to 1000 µg. For both intact antibodies, a higher percentage of injected dose/g (% ID/g tissue) in blood was achieved with higher antibody doses. However, as the dose of antibody was increased, the % ID/g in the target organs of spleen, marrow, and lymph nodes decreased. At doses between 5 and 10-µg, % ID/g in these tissues exceeded that in lung, the normal organ with the highest concentration of radiolabel. In contrast, thymus was the only hematopoietic organ in which the % ID/g increased with increasing antibody dose, although at high dose the % ID/g was still far below that achieved in the other hematopoietic organs. Antibody 30F11 F(ab′) 2  fragments were cleared more quickly than intact antibody from blood and from both target and nontarget organs, although the relationship between increasing antibody dose and decreasing % ID/g in spleen, marrow, and lymph nodes was observed. The time-activity curves for each dose of antibody were used to calculate estimates of radiation absorbed dose to each organ. At the 10-µg dose of 30G12, the spleen was estimated to receive a radiation dose that was 13 times more than lung, the lymph nodes 3 to 4 times more, and the bone marrow 3 times more than lung. For each antibody fragment dose, the radiation absorbed dose per MBq  131 I administered was lower because the residence times of the fragments were shorter than those of the intact antibody. Thus these estimates suggested that the best “therapeutic ratio” of radiation delivered to target organ as compared to lung was achieved with lower doses of intact antibody. We have demonstrated that radiolabeled anti-CD45 monoclonal antibodies can deliver radiation to lymphohematopoietic tissues with relative selectivity and that the relative uptake and retention in different hematolymphoid tissues change with increasing antibody dose.
High-Dose Allopurinol Improves Endothelial Function by Profoundly Reducing Vascular Oxidative Stress and Not by Lowering Uric Acid
Authors: Jacob George, Elaine Carr, Justine Davies, J.J.F. Belch, Allan Struthers
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Allopurinol has been shown to improve endothelial function in chronic heart failure. This study aimed to establish its mechanism of action and to construct a dose–response curve for the effect of allopurinol. Methods and Results— Two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover studies were performed for 1 month on patients with New York Heart Association Class II–III chronic heart failure, comparing 300 mg allopurinol, 600 mg allopurinol, and placebo for the first study and 1000 mg probenecid versus placebo in the second study. Endothelial function was assessed by standard forearm venous occlusion plethysmography. Allopurinol 600 mg/d significantly increased forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine compared with both allopurinol 300 mg/d and placebo (% change in forearm blood flow [mean±SEM]: 240.31±38.19% versus 152.10±18.21% versus 73.96±10.29%, P &lt;0.001). For similar levels of urate lowering, the uricosuric agent probenecid had no effect on endothelial function. Sodium nitroprusside response was unchanged by all treatments. Vitamin C and acetylcholine coinfusion data showed that 600 mg/d allopurinol completely abolished the oxidative stress that was sensitive to high-dose vitamin C. Conclusions— For the first time, we have shown that a steep dose–response relationship exists between allopurinol and its effect on endothelial function. We also showed that the mechanism of improvement in endothelial function with allopurinol lies in its ability to reduce vascular oxidative stress and not in urate reduction. The reduction in vascular oxidative stress was profound because high-dose allopurinol totally abolished the oxidative stress that was sensitive to the high-dose vitamin C that was used in this study.
Beneficial effects of N,N,N-trimethylsphingosine following ischemia and reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat heart
Authors: B Campbell
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Ischemia followed by reperfusion in the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) results in cardiac contractile dysfunction as well as myocardial injury. These deleterious effects are due in large part to endothelial dysfunction leading to an upregulation of cell adhesion molecules and subsequent neutrophil-induced cardiac injury. At physiologically relevant concentrations, N,N,N-trimethylsphingosine (TMS), a synthetic N-methylated sphingosine derivative, has been shown to attenuate leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions. We wanted to test the effects of TMS on neutrophil-mediated cardiac dysfunction in ischemia/reperfusion. Methods: This study examines the effects of TMS in a neutrophil-dependent isolated perfused rat heart model of ischemia (I) (20 min) and reperfusion (R) (45 min) injury. Results: Administration of TMS (20 μg/kg) to I/R hearts perfused with PMNs improved coronary flow and preserved left ventricular developed pressure as an index of cardiac contractile function (95±5%) in comparison to those I/R hearts receiving only vehicle (60±7%) (P<0.001). In addition, TMS significantly reduced PMN accumulation in the ischemic myocardium, as evidenced by an attenuation in cardiac myeloperoxidase activity from 1.12±0.04 in untreated hearts to 0.01±0.02 in treated hearts (P<0.001). However, TMS did not directly stimulate nitric oxide (NO) release from rat vascular endothelium. Conclusion: These results provide evidence that TMS is a potent and effective cardioprotective agent that inhibits leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions and preserves cardiac contractile function and coronary perfusion following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: proposal of new diagnostic and prognostic markers identified after tissue and cDNA microarray analysis
Authors: Elena Ruiz-Ballesteros, Manuela Mollejo, Antonia Rodriguez, Francisca I. Camacho, Patrocinio Algara, Nerea Martinez, Marina Pollán, Abel Sanchez-Aguilera, Javier Menarguez, Elias Campo, Pedro Martinez, Marisol Mateo, Miguel A. Piris
Journal: Blood (2005)
Transarterial chemo-lipiodolization can reactivate hepatitis B virus replication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jeong Won Jang, Jong Young Choi, Si Hyun Bae, Chang Wook Kim, Seung Kew Yoon, Se Hyun Cho, Jin Mo Yang, Byung Min Ahn, Chang Don Lee, Young Sok Lee, Kyu Won Chung, Hee Sik Sun
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Prognostic Model of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma by Expression Profiling of Eight Genes As Determined by Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Hideki Endoh, Shuta Tomida, Yasushi Yatabe, Hiroyuki Konishi, Hirotaka Osada, Kohei Tajima, Hiroyuki Kuwano, Takashi Takahashi, Tetsuya Mitsudomi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Recently, several expression-profiling experiments have shown that adenocarcinoma can be classified into subgroups that also reflect patient survival. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of 44 genes selected by these studies to test whether their expression patterns were relevant to prognosis in our cohort as well, and to create a prognostic model applicable to clinical practice.Expression levels were determined in 85 adenocarcinoma patients by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cluster analysis was performed, and a prognostic model was created by the proportional hazards model using a stepwise method.Hierarchical clustering divided the cases into three major groups, and group B, comprising 21 cases, had significantly poor survival (P =.0297). Next, we tried to identify a smaller number of genes of particular predictive value, and eight genes (PTK7, CIT, SCNN1A, PGES, ERO1L, ZWINT, and two ESTs) were selected. We then calculated a risk index that was defined as a linear combination of gene expression values weighted by their estimated regression coefficients. The risk index was a significant independent prognostic factor (P =.0021) by multivariate analysis. Furthermore, the robustness of this model was confirmed using an independent set of 21 patients (P =.0085).By analyzing a reasonably small number of genes, patients with adenocarcinoma could be stratified according to their prognosis. The prognostic model could be applicable to future decisions concerning treatment.
A comparison of changes in the mucous glands and goblet cells of nasal, sinus, and bronchial mucosa
Authors: P. A. Burton, M. F. Dixon
Journal: Thorax (1969)

A comparison of mucous gland size in the bronchial and nasal mucosa was performed on material from 24 random necropsies. The Reid index and counts of mucous gland acini were used as measures of hypertrophy. In 14 of these cases the relationship between goblet cell hyperplasia in the sinus mucosa and the presence of chronic bronchitis was investigated by comparing the proportion of goblet cells with the corresponding Reid index. No significant correlation was found between nasal and bronchial mucous gland size, and no association was demonstrated between the proportion of goblet cells in the sinus mucosa and the presence of chronic bronchitis as assessed by the Reid index. These findings suggest that a direct association between chronic bronchitis and chronic sinusitis probably does not exist, and that the inclusion of chronic bronchitis in the `sino-bronchial syndrome9 is not valid. We feel that this term should be restricted to the association of chronic sinusitis with bronchiectasis or adult pulmonary mucoviscidosis. If either infection or air pollution were the predominant cause of mucous gland hypertrophy, changes similar to those found in the bronchi would be expected in the nose and sinuses. Since our results show they are not found there, then some other factor, such as cigarette smoking, must be responsible.
Abstract 5553: Development of novel selenium-NSAIDs as potential cancer therapeutics.
Authors: Daniel Plano, Deepkamal Karelia, Manoj Pandey, Shantu Amin, Arun K. Sharma
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to be effective chemopreventive agents in both pre-clinical and clinical studies on various cancer types. Here in, we developed several selenium (Se)-NSAID hybrid molecules and evaluated their efficacy as cancer therapeutics. The rationale for introducing Se into the NSAIDs is that this redox-active trace element is an essential micronutrient and a normal component of diets with chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Our recent studies have also shown that appropriately designed organoselenium compounds exhibited promising anti-tumor properties in various preclinical cancer models. We hypothesized that the rational incorporation of Se into NSAIDs should enhance their anti-cancer properties and therefore, we synthesized 16 novel Se-NSAID hybrid agents designed by incorporating Se moieties into the structures of aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. In the first phase, a selenocyanate moiety was incorporated to these NSAIDs and screened for their cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines. The cell viability results at 24 and 48 h showed that the introduction of this Se functionality on aspirin scaffold achieved a dramatic increase in the activity as compared to aspirin, as well as other NSAIDs or their Se hybrids. Thus, we continued optimization of aspirin with a variety of Se moieties, such as selenides and selenomethyl functionalities. Most of these compounds reduced cell viability in a dose dependent manner, while aspirin had no significant effect. Based on these studies we identified two Se-aspirin hybrid compounds; ASD-43, having a selenide functionality and ASD-49, with a selenocyanate functionality, as the most potent compounds for further development. The IC50 values after 48 h treatment in HCT116 cells were 2.5μM and 1.0 μM and in MiaPaCa-2 cells were 5.0 μM and 2.5 μM for ASD-43 and ASD-49, respectively. To further establish the cytotoxic potential of these compounds, an esterase staining (live and dead) assay was performed in colon (HCT116) and pancreatic (MiaPaCa-2) cancer cells. Treatment of ASD-43 and ASD-49 reduced cell viabilities dose dependently in both HCT116 and MiaPaCa-2 cells, while aspirin had no significant effects. In addition, both these compounds induced caspase-mediated PARP cleavage as early as 24 h in HCT116 cells. In conclusion, new Se-NSAID hybrid agents have been developed which showed a solid potential to be effective cancer therapeutics in our initial studies. Detailed results of these investigations will be presented. Citation Format: Daniel Plano, Deepkamal Karelia, Manoj Pandey, Shantu Amin, Arun K. Sharma. Development of novel selenium-NSAIDs as potential cancer therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5553. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5553
Highly Active Antitumor Therapy (HAATT) for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Juliann Chmielecki, William Pao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

In vitro resistance modeling coupled with molecular analysis of autopsy tumor samples from patients with acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in lung cancer reveal novel biological insights into mechanisms of disease progression. These kinds of studies will facilitate the development of rationally targeted therapies in the era of genetically informed cancer medicine.
Long-term Sequelae Pondered in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Chris Anne
Journal: JAMA (1987)

DEPENDING ON THE STUDY, estimates of the incidence of anorexia nervosa among adolescent and young adult women range from 1% to 15%. The long-term effectiveness of treatment is uncertain, although over the short term intervention often can succeed in restoring normal weight and reversing endocrine and nutritional abnormalities. Two studies presented at the Society for Adolescent Medicine meeting in Seattle—although preliminary in nature and based on data from a limited number of patients—hint at the possibility of two serious long-term or even irreversible health consequences for anorexics: osteoporosis and Cushing's disease. The first study measured bone density in females 14 1/2 to 38 years of age with anorexia and primary or secondary amenorrhea. Using single photon absorptiometry, Elizabeth S. Ohlrich, MD, PhD, and colleagues at the Eating Disorders Program at the University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison, found that ten of 20 women had significantly decreased bone mineral density of the
Derivation and Validation of a Scoring System to Stratify Risk for Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia in Asymptomatic Adults
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale, Patrick O. Monahan, Timothy E. Stump, Elizabeth A. Glowinski, David F. Ransohoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Several methods are recommended equally strongly for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk persons. Risk stratification would enable tailoring of screening within this group, with less invasive tests (sigmoidoscopy or occult blood tests) for lower-risk persons and colonoscopy for higher-risk persons.To create a risk index for advanced neoplasia (colorectal cancer and adenomas or serrated polyps ≥1.0 cm, villous histology, or high-grade dysplasia) anywhere in the colorectum, using the most common risk factors for colorectal neoplasia.Cross-sectional study.Multiple endoscopy units, primarily in the Midwest.Persons aged 50 to 80 years undergoing initial screening colonoscopy (December 2004 to September 2011).Derivation and validation of a risk index based on points from regression coefficients for age, sex, waist circumference, cigarette smoking, and family history of colorectal cancer.Among 2993 persons in the derivation set, prevalence of advanced neoplasia was 9.4%. Risks for advanced neoplasia in persons at very low, low, intermediate, and high risk were 1.92% (95% CI, 0.63% to 4.43%), 4.88% (CI, 3.79% to 6.18%), 9.93% (CI, 8.09% to 12.0%), and 24.9% (CI, 21.1% to 29.1%), respectively (P < 0.001). Sigmoidoscopy to the descending colon in the low-risk groups would have detected 51 of 70 (73% [CI, 61% to 83%]) advanced neoplasms. Among 1467 persons in the validation set, corresponding risks for advanced neoplasia were 1.65% (CI, 0.20% to 5.84%), 3.31% (CI, 2.08% to 4.97%), 10.9% (CI, 8.26% to 14.1%), and 22.3% (CI, 16.9% to 28.5%), respectively (P < 0.001). Sigmoidoscopy would have detected 21 of 24 (87.5% [CI, 68% to 97%]) advanced neoplasms.Split-sample validation; results apply to first-time screening.This index stratifies risk for advanced neoplasia among average-risk persons by identifying lower-risk groups for which noncolonoscopy strategies may be effective and efficient and a higher-risk group for which colonoscopy may be preferred.National Cancer Institute, Walther Cancer Institute, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, and Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute.
Increased transplant-related morbidity and mortality in CMV-seropositive patients despite highly effective prevention of CMV disease after allogeneic T-cell–depleted stem cell transplantation
Authors: Annoek E. C. Broers, Ron van der Holt, Joost W. J. van Esser, Jan-Willem Gratama, Sonja Henzen-Logmans, Vibeke Kuenen-Boumeester, Bob Löwenberg, Jan J. Cornelissen
Journal: Blood (2000)
Predictors of Development of Diabetes in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure in the Candesartan in Heart Failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) Program
Authors: David Preiss, Sofia Zetterstrand, John J.V. McMurray, Jan Östergren, Eric L. Michelson, Christopher B. Granger, Salim Yusuf, Karl Swedberg, Marc A. Pfeffer, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Naveed Sattar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of incident diabetes during follow-up of nondiabetic patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in the Candesartan in Heart Failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,620 nondiabetic patients had full baseline datasets. We compared baseline demographic, medication, and laboratory data for patients who did or did not develop diabetes and conducted logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic curve analyses. RESULTS Over a median period of 2.8 years, 126 of the 1,620 patients (7.8%) developed diabetes. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the following baseline characteristics were independently associated with incident diabetes in decreasing order of significance by stepwise selection: higher A1C (odds ratio [OR] 1.78 per 1 SD increase; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), higher BMI (OR 1.64 per 1 SD increase; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), lipid-lowering therapy (OR 2.05; P = 0.0005), lower serum creatinine concentration (OR 0.68 per 1 SD increase; P = 0.0018), diuretic therapy (OR 4.81; P = 0.003), digoxin therapy (OR 1.65; P = 0.022), higher serum alanine aminotransferase concentration (OR 1.15 per 1 SD increase; P = 0.027), and lower age (OR 0.81 per 1 SD increase; P = 0.048). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, A1C and BMI yielded areas under the curve of 0.723 and 0.712, respectively, increasing to 0.788 when combined. Addition of other variables independently associated with diabetes risk minimally improved prediction of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In nondiabetic patients with CHF in CHARM, A1C and BMI were the strongest predictors of the development of diabetes. Other minor predictors in part reflected CHF severity or drug-associated diabetes risk. Identifying patients with CHF at risk of diabetes through simple criteria appears possible and could enable targeted preventative measures.