tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of invasive carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
Authors: M A Dimopoulos, L A Moulopoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE The standard treatment for patients with muscle-invasive carcinoma of the urinary bladder is radical cystectomy. While radical cystectomy cures many patients with this tumor, almost 50% of them will develop metastatic disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been proposed for these patients in an attempt to reduce the probability of relapse and to improve survival. To assess whether adjuvant chemotherapy does benefit patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, we reviewed all phase II and III studies published in the English literature over the last 20 years. METHODS A review of all published reports was facilitated by the use of Medline computer search and by manual search of the Index Medicus. RESULTS Several comparative, nonrandomized studies have indicated that adjuvant chemotherapy may prolong disease-free survival. Four randomized studies have been conducted and all had a suboptimal patient accrual. Three studies used a cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy and included primarily patients with non-organ-confined transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. All three studies indicated that adjuvant chemotherapy improved disease-free survival and two of them also showed improvement in event-free survival and overall survival, respectively. CONCLUSION Published series have been unable to establish an undisputed benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy over radical cystectomy alone for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The interpretation of the available data is compromised by several methodologic and statistical problems. Thus, adjuvant chemotherapy cannot be considered as a standard treatment for all patients with muscle-invasive carcinoma of the bladder. Well-designed prospective randomized studies are needed to clarify the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in this disease. However, outside a protocol setting, there is some evidence that patients with extravesical disease or with lymph node involvement may benefit from adjuvant treatment with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. No data support such an approach for patients with muscle-invasive but organ-confined bladder cancer.
Preclinical study of genistein combined polysaccharide (GCP) and docetaxel (Doc) treatment of prostate cancer (CaP) cells
Authors: H. L. Chen, W. Holland, P. Lara, D. Gandara, R. D. White, P. Gumerlock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4711 Background: GCP is a food extract with high levels of genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavone found in soy-based products. GCP induces p21, p27, and decreases phosphorylated AKT, a key mediator of signal transduction and cell survival. It also induces apoptosis in CaP xenografts. Doc, an antimicrotubule agent, is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for advanced CaP. Doc causes phosphorylation and stabilization of p27, and inactivation of Bcl2. We hypothesized that the combined effects on p27 by GCP and Doc, and the inactivation of Bcl2 by phosphorylation from Doc, would lead to increased apoptosis of CaP cells. Methods: The human androgen-independent CaP cell line PC-3, was treated in vitro with GCP (20ug/ml) plus Doc (2nM) (GCP + Doc). Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content was performed to examine cell cycle modulations at various timepoints and to measure apoptotic cells (% sub-G1). Protein expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins were examined using Western blotting. Results: Cell cycle analyses demonstrated G2/M arrest at 48 hrs following combined treatment (24 hrs after removal of GCP + Doc) compared to the untreated control. At this timepoint, there was an appearance of a sub-G1 population of apoptosing cells (11.46%, compared to 1.69% in the untreated control), which was dramatically accentuated at 72 hrs (31.63%: 48 hrs after removal of GCP + Doc). The cell cycle perturbations were confirmed with molecular analysis of Cyclins A and B. Decreased levels of both Cyclin A and B were seen at 24 hrs of GCP + Doc treatment, indicating an initial G1 arrest. After another 24 hrs when apoptosis was first observed, a subsequent G2/M arrest was associated with the increased levels of both cyclins. Conclusions: 1) The combination of GCP + Doc led to marked apoptosis of CaP cells that was associated with G2/M arrest, and which increased over time. 2) These data support further studies examining mechanisms of apoptosis (i.e., p27 levels, Bcl2 phosphorylation, activation of caspases and PARP cleavage) and xenograft model studies to evaluate this combination. (Support: ACS-CRTG-0019701-CCE, Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd.) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Clinical and pathologic predictors of complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant docetaxel/anthracycline chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: M. Coplin, M. Naughton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

836 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is frequently used in women with primarily operable breast cancer, and is the standard of care in women with locally advanced disease. Response to neoadjuvant therapy is a good predictor of long-term outcome, and women with a pCR have a very good prognosis in comparison with all other subgroups. At the present time, it is not possible to predict whether an individual woman has a higher probability of achieving a pCR to one regimen rather than another. Identifying pre-treatment factors that predict chemotherapy sensitivity would potentially allow for individually tailored chemotherapy regimens. Methods: Breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 1998 and 2003 were extracted from our institutional transcription service and clinical data was retrieved from medical charts and computer databases. Parrafin embedded blocks were also obtained for future DNA microarray analysis to correlate our clinical findings with individual genetic profiles. Results: One hundred and twenty four women were identified. Of these, 100 women received docetaxel/doxorubicin. The medical charts and data are complete for 59 of these patients. The mean age was 45 years. 32% were clinically stage II, 32% stage III, 22% were identified as locally advanced, and 12% inflammatory. Thirty nine percent of patients were estrogen receptor positive, and 30% were HER2/neu amplified. The median total dose of neoadjuvant docetaxel was 440 mg. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was seen in 18.7% of all patients, 16.7% of HER2 positive patients, and 19.5% of HER2 negative patients. Four percent of ER positive patients had a pCR and 3% of ER negative patients. The median age of patients with a pCR was 41; the median age of non-pathologic CR was 49. Conclusions: HER2 amplification and ER expression did not predict pCR in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant docetaxel and doxorubicin at our institution. The responders were somewhat younger than the nonresponders and all responders had grade 3 tumors. KEY WORDS: docetaxel, breast cancer, neoadjuvant, predictors of response No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PEPTIC ULCER IN IDENTICAL TWINS
Authors: H H RIECKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1946)

Article1 May 1946PEPTIC ULCER IN IDENTICAL TWINSH. H. RIECKER, M.D., F.A.C.P.H. H. RIECKER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-24-5-878 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe literature concerning the familial incidence of peptic ulcer was reviewed in this Journal in 1933,1 and although the reports suggested an inherited factor prominent in the basic causes of peptic ulcer, I was unable at the time to find the disease in identical twins or any reference to it in the literature. Since 1933, three instances have appeared in the literature. I wish to report the fourth instance of the occurrence of this pathological process in identical twins as further evidence in support of the hereditary nature of peptic ulcer.It is rational, in view of the limitation of...Bibliography1. RIECKER HH: The familial incidence of peptic ulcer, Ann. Int. Med., 1933, vii, 732-737. Google Scholar2. SCHINDLER E: Perforated gastric ulcer in twins, Chirurg., 1935, vii, 327-330. Google Scholar3. VON MENTZINGEN F: Duodenal ulcer and pituitary disturbances in identical twins, Ztschr. f. menschl. Vererb.-u. Konstitutionslehre, 1935, xix, 432-436. Google Scholar4. MCHARDY G BROWNE DC, M.D., and : Duodenal ulcer concomitant in identical twins, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1944, cxxiv, 503. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5 KIDD CW: Twins with similar symmetrical and simultaneous perforated duodenal ulcers, Brit. Med. Jr., 1938, i, 449-450. Google Scholar6. MILITZER RE: Carcinoma of stomach in identical twins, Am. Jr. Cancer, 1935, xxv, 544-550. Google Scholar7. WISECOMEAUWHITE BWJPD: An electrocardiographic study of twins, Am. Heart Jr., 1939, xvii, 701-710. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H. H. RIECKER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan*Received for publication August 11, 1945.From the Department of Postgraduate Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, and the St. Joseph Mercy Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byComparison of Concordance of Peptic Ulcer Disease, Non-Adenomatous Intestinal Polyp, and Gallstone Disease in Korean Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: A Cross-Sectional StudyREFERENCESDer Verdauungstrakt und die großen DrüsenDie Coronarerkrankungen. Coronarinsuffizienz, Angina pectoris und HerzinfarktILLNESS IN TWINS: II. DUODENAL ULCERChapter I: Relationships Between Physical and Mental HealthTrends in diagnosis, etiology and treatment of duodenal ulcerHEREDITARY FACTORS IN PEPTIC ULCERPeptic Ulcer 1 May 1946Volume 24, Issue 5 Page: 878-882 Keywords Hospital medicine Monozygotic twins Peptic ulcers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1946 PDF downloadLoading ...
Functional significance of leukotriene B4 in normal and glomerulonephritic kidneys.
Authors: A Yared, C Albrightson-Winslow, D Griswold, K Takahashi, A Fogo, K F Badr
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is the major 5-lipoxgenase product released during early experimental glomerulonephritis. To test its functional relevance, its actions in the normal rat kidney and its influence on renal function in the heterologous phase of mild nephrotoxic serum-induced glomerular injury were examined. Intrarenal administration of leukotriene B4 resulted in mild vasorelaxant and natriuretic responses which were shared by 12(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid but not 12(S)-leukotriene B4 or 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, suggesting activation of a common recognition site with a requirement for 12(R) stereochemistry. The polymorphonuclear cell-specific activator, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, stimulated leukotriene B4 production from isolated perfused kidneys harvested from nephrotoxic serum-treated rats to a significantly greater degree than from control animals treated with nonimmune rabbit serum. The renal production of leukotriene B4 correlated directly and strongly (r = 0.79, P less than 0.01) with renal myeloperoxidase activity, suggesting interdependence of leukotriene B4 generation and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. In vivo, intrarenal administration of leukotriene B4 to rats with mild nephrotoxic serum-induced injury was associated with an increase in polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, reduction in renal plasma flow rate, and marked exacerbation of the fall in glomerular filtration rate, the latter correlating strongly with the number of infiltrating polymorphonuclear cells/glomerulus, whereas inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase led to preservation of glomerular filtration rate and abrogation of proteinuria. Thus, although devoid of vasoconstrictor actions in the normal kidney, increased intrarenal generation of leukotriene B4 during early nephrotoxic serum-induced glomerular injury amplifies leukocyte-dependent reductions in glomerular perfusion and filtration rates, likely due to enhancement of polymorphonuclear cell recruitment/activation.
Carcinogenic Effect of Dibutylnitrosamine in European Hamsters (Cricetus cricetus)2
Authors: Jürgen Althoff, Ulrich Mohr, Norbert Page, Gerd Reznik
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Captured European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) were treated subcutaneously with N-dibutylnitrosamine at various dose levels. Most neoplasms were found in the respiratory tract. Papillary polyps, papillomas, sq uamous cell carcinomas, and one adenocarcinoma were found in the nasal cavities, while mixed-cell carcinomas and a few adenocarcinomas were found in the lungs. In addition, a transitional cell carcinoma (primary tumor in the urinary bladder) metastasized into the lung. In most groups, papillomas of the forestomach developed. The second largest number of tumors, found in the urinary bladder, were transitional cell papillomas, carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.
Mantle Irradiation Alone for Clinical Stage I-II Hodgkin's Disease: Long-Term Follow-Up and Analysis of Prognostic Factors in 261 Patients
Authors: A. Wirth, M. Chao, J. Corry, C. Laidlaw, K. Yuen, G. Ryan, D. Byram, S. Davis, J. Kiffer, G. Quong, K. Liew
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

To evaluate mantle radiotherapy (MRT) alone as the initial therapy of patients with clinical stage (CS) I-II Hodgkin's disease (HD).We performed a retrospective study of patients treated with MRT alone for CS I-II supradiaphragmatic HD between 1969 and 1994. Prognostic factor analysis was performed for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Outcome was also assessed in favorable cohorts defined in the literature.There were 261 eligible patients. The median follow-up period for surviving patients was 8.4 years (range, 1.8 to 27.4 years). The 10-year OS rate was 73%. Multifactor analysis for OS showed that age was the only important prognostic factor. The 10-year PFS rate was 58%. On multifactor analysis for PFS, the most important prognostic factors were clinical stage, B symptoms, histology, number of sites, and tumor bulk. The 10-year PFS rate for lymphocyte-predominant disease was 81% for stage I and 78% for stage II. In favorable patient cohorts defined in the literature, the 10-year PFS rate ranged from 70% to 73% for the whole group and from 71% to 90% in patients with favorable stage I disease, but only from 48% to 57% in patients with favorable stage II disease. On competing-risks analysis, the cumulative 10-year incidence of first site of failure in the para-aortic/splenic region alone was 10.5%. Sixty percent of relapsed patients remain progression-free at 10 years after chemotherapy salvage.These results support the use of MRT alone in patients with favorable CS I HD and CS I-II HD with lymphocyte-predominant histology. The remainder of patients with CS I-II HD require more intensive treatment.
Effect of Glucose on Sodium Excretion and Renal Concentrating Ability After Starvation in Man
Authors: H K WRIGHT, D S GANN, K ALBERTSEN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Calcitonin Non-producing Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Atsuko Kasajima, José Cameselle-Teijeiro, Lourdes Loidi, Yoshio Takahashi, Noriaki Nakashima, Satoko Sato, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Mika Watanabe, Tadao Nakazawa, Hiroshi Naganuma, Tetsuo Kondo, Ryohei Kato, Hironobu Sasano
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2016)
Amplified &lt;italic&gt;Kpn&lt;/italic&gt;I Repetitive DNA Sequences in Homogeneously Staining Regions of a Human Melanoma Cell Line&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M C Simmons, J Maxwell, T Haliotis, M J Higgins, J C Roder, B N White, J J Holden
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The human melanoma cell line MeWo was found to contain two populations of cells, one containing 83 chromosomes (hypotetraploid) and the other containing 43 chromosomes (hypodiploid). All of the hypodiploid cells, but none of the hypotetraploid cells, contained chromosomes with long homogeneously staining regions (HSR's) when examined with quinacrine fluorescence. These long HSR's on an X-chromosome and derivative chromosome 15, produced characteristic patterns of positive- and negative-staining areas along the HSR's with both conventional Giemsa (G) staining and C-banding. The C- and G-positive regions stained with distamycin A-DAPI, which is specific for the centromeric heterochromatin of chromosomes 1, 9, 15p, 16, and Y. DNA extracted from MeWo cells and digested with the restriction enzymes KpnL or Sau3A exhibited marked amplification of a 1.8-kilobase fragment. The amplified Sau3A fragment (D15Z1) was cloned, mapped, and partially sequenced. The sequenced region contained a five-base-pair repeat unit (adenine-adenine-thymine-guanine-guanine) that has undergone considerable divergence. Estimates of the size of the HSR's and the amount of amplified DNA suggested that each HSR contained at least 30,000 copies of the 1.8-kb KpnL fragment, representing about 50% of each HSR. The amplified sequence was identified as one member of the previously described KpnL family of repeated sequences. In situ hybridization of D15Z1 to MeWo metaphase chromosomes resulted in heavy labeling over both HSR's. These data suggested that centromeric heterochromatin and neighboring sequences on chromosome 15 have been amplified and some of this material translocated to the X-chromosome.
Abstract 125: Role for β-Arrestins in Cardiac Inflammation and Regenerative Repair
Authors: Anna M Gumpert, Mai Chen, Henriette Brinks, Karsten Peppel, Erhe Gao, Walter J Koch
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Myocardial ischemic injury is characterized by an extensive loss of myocytes due to apoptosis/necrosis followed by an immune/inflammatory response and reestablishment of tissue integrity by a fibrotic scar. Prevention of rupture due to scar formation however, compromises contractility and reduces cardiac function. As bone marrow derived stem/precursor cells (BMSCs) have the ability to trans-differentiate and aid in the regeneration of injured myocardium, we studied BMSCs and their response to inflammation. BM cell mobilization, egress from the BM and recruitment to the site of injury can be regulated by signals through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). β-arrestins are known for their GPCR signaling termination and scaffolding functions. Here, we explored the potential role for β-arrestins expressed in total BM in mediation of the initiation and progression of inflammation. We investigated the role β-arrestin1 (βArr1) and β-arrestin2 (βArr2) with respect to modulation of regenerative competence of BMSCs and inflammatory cells and their contribution to cardiac repair following ischemic injury. We carried out BM transplants to determine whether βArrs may be involved in cardiac repair. WT mice were irradiated and received BM transplants from WT, βArr1 or βArr2 KO donor mice. Subsequent to BM reconstitution, mice underwent MI and their recovery and progress were followed. Interestingly, βArr1 and βArr2 KO chimeras had inferior outcomes than mice receiving WT BM. This included significantly decreased post-MI survival with βArr2 KO BM and both βArr chimeras had significantly lower cardiac function post-MI compared to WT BM recipients. Histology shows that both chimeras had larger infarcts, accelerated rate of hypertrophy, quicker induction of fibrosis, exacerbated cell infiltration and increased number of apoptotic cells. At 3d post-MI immune cell intrusion of βArr2KO chimeric hearts was highest and the blood plasma content of TNFα and IL-6 was increased. We conclude that βArrs play a novel role downstream of GPCR desensitization in cardiac progenitor/inflammatory cells in the BM and are critical in the heart’s response to ischemic injury via cardiac repair and regeneration.
Abstract 12836: Characteristics of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction who Did not Receive Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Japan -A Report from the Miyagi-AMI Registry Study
Authors: Kiyotaka Hao, Jun Takahashi, Satoshi Miyata, Yasuhiko Sakata, Taro Nihei, Ryuji Tsuburaya, Takashi Shiroto, Yoshitaka Ito, Yasuharu Matusmoto, Kenta Ito, Satoshi Yasuda, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: In the current primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) era, some patients in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) still do not undergo primary PCI in Japan. We thus aimed to eluci...
Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in Nipple Aspirate Fluid
Authors: Edward R. Sauter, Eleftherios P. Diamandis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.12.3160 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11408517 Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in Nipple Aspirate Fluid Edward R. SauterxEdward R. SauterSearch for articles by this author , Eleftherios P. DiamandisxEleftherios P. DiamandisSearch for articles by this author Show More Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PAMt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.12.3160 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
One Week of Daily Dosing With Beetroot Juice Improves Submaximal Endurance and Blood Pressure in Older Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Joel Eggebeen, Daniel B Kim-Shapiro, Mark Haykowsky, Timothy M Morgan, Swati Basu, Peter Brubaker, Jack Rejeski, Dalane W Kitzman
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2016)
Abstract 5749: Prognostic Value of Stenosis Severity and Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden at Coronary CT Angiography for Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) - A Population Based Outcome Study
Authors: Joseph A Abro, Adrian T Parker, Mulugeta Gebregziabher, Christian Thilo, Philip Costello, U. Joseph Schoepf
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Multiple previous investigations have demonstrated the accuracy of coronary CT angiography (cCTA) for diagnosing or excluding coronary artery stenosis. Recent studies have established the prognosti...