tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of sublingual misoprostol on severe postpartum haemorrhage in a primary health centre in Guinea-Bissau: randomised double blind clinical trial
Authors: Lars H⊘j, Placido Cardoso, Birgitte Bruun Nielsen, Lone Hvidman, Jens Nielsen, Peter Aaby
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate whether routine administration of sublingual misoprostol 600 μg after delivery reduces postpartum haemorrhage. <b>Design</b> Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Primary health centre in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. <b>Participants</b> 661 women undergoing vaginal delivery. <b>Intervention</b> Misoprostol 600 μg or placebo administered sublingually immediately after delivery. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Postpartum haemorrhage, defined as a loss of ≥ 500 ml and decrease in haemoglobin concentration after delivery. <b>Results</b> The incidence of postpartum haemorrhage was not significantly different between the two groups, the relative risk being 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.76 to 1.04) in the misoprostol group compared with the placebo group. Mean blood loss was 10.5% (−0.5% to 20.4%) lower in the misoprostol group than in the control group. Severe postpartum haemorrhage of ≥ 1000 ml or ≥1500 ml occurred in 17% (56) and 8% (25) in the placebo group and 11% (37) and 2% (7) in the misoprostol group. Significantly fewer women in the misoprostol group experienced a loss of ≥1000 ml (0.66, 0.45 to 0.98) or ≥ 1500 ml (0.28, 0.12 to 0.64). The decrease in haemoglobin concentration tended to be less in the misoprostol group, the mean difference between the two groups being 0.16 mmol/l (−0.01 mmol/l to 0.32 mmol/l). <b>Conclusion</b> Sublingual misoprostol reduces the frequency of severe postpartum haemorrhage.
Gender difference in smoking effects on adult pulmonary function
Authors: X Xu, B Li, L Wang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Data on 1,618 male and 1,669 female adults aged 40-69 yrs, from China in the Beijing Respiratory Health Study, were analysed to investigate the gender differences in effects of smoking on pulmonary function. Smoking was characterized by total smoking-years, smoking status (former, transitional and constant), smoking type (cigarette, cigar and others). The effects of smoking on height-standardized forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were assessed by multiple regressions adjusting for age, education level, use of an indoor coal stove for heating, passive smoking, occupational dust and gas/fume exposure, and residence. Prediction equations were derived from nonsmoking asymptomatic subjects. As compared to women, men had a much higher smoking prevalence (78 vs 35%) but a lower quitting rate (14 vs 23%). Female lifetime nonsmokers had greater mean percentage predicted lung function values than male lifetime nonsmokers, whilst female cigarette smokers had lower values than their male counterparts. In both sexes, the highest mean percentage predicted lung function values were found in lifetime nonsmokers, whilst the lowest values were found among former smokers, the second lowest among transitional smokers, and constant smokers actually had greater values than both former and transitional smokers. These findings were confirmed by sex-specific regression analyses. A global test on the interactions between smoking and sex was highly significant. This study suggests that adverse smoking effects on pulmonary function were greater in women than in men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identification of myelodysplastic syndrome–specific genes by DNA microarray analysis with purified hematopoietic stem cell fraction
Authors: Akira Miyazato, Shuichi Ueno, Ken Ohmine, Masuzu Ueda, Koji Yoshida, Yoshihiro Yamashita, Takashi Kaneko, Masaki Mori, Keita Kirito, Masaki Toshima, Yuichi Nakamura, Kenji Saito, Yasuhiko Kano, Shinpei Furusawa, Keiya Ozawa, Hiroyuki Mano
Journal: Blood (2001)
Care of the endurance athlete: promotion, perception, performance and professionalism
Authors: Chad Asplund, Cindy J Chang
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

> “…we rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, and endurance produces character…” Romans 5: 3–4

Promoting fitness and keeping people active is a major focus of sports medicine professionals. Regular exercise reduces the incidence of, and prevents, many diseases and improves quality of life across the lifespan.1,–,3 The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) is an organisation of primary care sports medicine physicians that is dedicated to promoting safe participation in regular exercise for all people.

Phiddipides may have been the first true endurance athlete, running several hundred miles to relay news during the Persian/Greek War 2500 years ago. Following the Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon, he ran 26 miles to announce the victory and upon completion of his run, died. From this tragedy, the marathon running event was born.

As more and more people complete marathons, the public mystique of the marathon as a way to differentiate oneself from ‘normal’ athletes is wearing off, and endurance athletes are pushing the envelope farther and longer in a quest for greatness. …
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Heart Failure, Saxagliptin and Diabetes Mellitus: Observations From the SAVOR-TIMI 53 Randomized Trial”
Authors: Benjamin M. Scirica, Eugene Braunwald, Itamar Raz, Matthew A. Cavender, David A. Morrow, Petr Jarolim, Jacob A. Udell, Ofri Mosenzon, KyungAh Im, Amarachi A. Umez-Eronini, Pia S. Pollack, Boaz Hirshberg, Robert Frederich, Basil S. Lewis, Darren K. McGuire, Jaime Davidson, Gabriel Steg, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: Circulation (2015)
ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF PURPURA RHEUMATICA TO ERYTHEMA EXUDATIVUM MULTIFORME
Authors: ATEPHEN MACKENZIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1896)

The general aspect of the tumour is well seen in the photographs, kindly taken for me by Mr. N. Alcock, to whom I am also indebted for notes of the case.The photographs may be profitably compared with the illustration given in ( I Erichsen's Surgery," 10th Edit., Vol.II., p. 568, which represents a huge tumour of the scalp, of similar nature, which was successfully removed by Sir W. Stokes, of Dublin.The left leg from tho nates downwards was wasted and shortened.It was two inches shorter than the right, taking the measurements from the anterior superior spines of the ilium to the external malleoli.The circumference of the calf of the left leg was less than that of the right by four inches.This deformity dated from an illness during the first year of life, an attack, doubtless, of '' infantile paralysis."NOTE.-MY patient was also the subject of another deformity.
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis and raised IgA: simultaneous remission of skin and joint involvements with dapsone treatment.
Authors: H Roger, J P Thevenet, P Souteyrand, B Sauvezie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

A 44 year old white woman with rheumatoid arthritis for 19 years developed subcorneal pustular dermatosis. She had increased polyclonal IgA and IgA rheumatoid factor. After 4 months9 treatment with dapsone 100 mg daily the patient had neither skin lesions nor active joint disease.
A Low-Fat Vegan Diet Improves Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Neal D. Barnard, Joshua Cohen, David J.A. Jenkins, Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy, Lise Gloede, Brent Jaster, Kim Seidl, Amber A. Green, Stanley Talpers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—We sought to investigate whether a low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 99) were randomly assigned to a low-fat vegan diet (n = 49) or a diet following the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines (n = 50). Participants were evaluated at baseline and 22 weeks. RESULTS—Forty-three percent (21 of 49) of the vegan group and 26% (13 of 50) of the ADA group participants reduced diabetes medications. Including all participants, HbA1c (A1C) decreased 0.96 percentage points in the vegan group and 0.56 points in the ADA group (P = 0.089). Excluding those who changed medications, A1C fell 1.23 points in the vegan group compared with 0.38 points in the ADA group (P = 0.01). Body weight decreased 6.5 kg in the vegan group and 3.1 kg in the ADA group (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Body weight change correlated with A1C change (r = 0.51, n = 57, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Among those who did not change lipid-lowering medications, LDL cholesterol fell 21.2% in the vegan group and 10.7% in the ADA group (P = 0.02). After adjustment for baseline values, urinary albumin reductions were greater in the vegan group (15.9 mg/24h) than in the ADA group (10.9 mg/24 h) (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS—Both a low-fat vegan diet and a diet based on ADA guidelines improved glycemic and lipid control in type 2 diabetic patients. These improvements were greater with a low-fat vegan diet.
Presentation, Treatment, and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma, With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Adam C. Yopp, Madhu Subramanian, Mamta K. Jain, John C. Mansour, Roderich E. Schwarz, Glen C. Balch, Amit G. Singal
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Analysis of the Role of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Infants With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in First Remission and <i>MLL</i> Gene Rearrangements: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: ZoAnn E. Dreyer, Patricia A. Dinndorf, Bruce Camitta, Harland Sather, Mei K. La, Meenakshi Devidas, Joanne M. Hilden, Nyla A. Heerema, Jean E. Sanders, Ron McGlennen, Cheryl L. Willman, Andrew J. Carroll, Fred Behm, Franklin O. Smith, William G. Woods, Kamar Godder, Gregory H. Reaman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Although the majority of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are cured with current therapy, the event-free survival (EFS) of infants with ALL, particularly those with mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements, is only 30% to 40%. Relapse has been the major source of treatment failure for these patients. The parallel Children's Cancer Group (CCG) 1953 and Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) 9407 studies were designed to test the hypothesis that more intensive therapy, including dose intensification of chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) would improve the outcome for this group of patients.One hundred eighty-nine infants (CCG 1953, n = 115; POG 9407, n = 74) were enrolled between October 1996 and August 2000. For infants with the MLL gene rearrangement and an appropriate donor, HSCT was the preferred treatment on CCG 1953 and investigator option on POG 9407 after completion of the second phase of therapy. Fifty-three infants underwent HSCT.The 5-year EFS rate was 48.8% (95% CI, 33.9% to 63.7%) in patients who received HSCT and 48.7% (95% CI, 33.8% to 63.6%) in patients treated with chemotherapy alone (P = .60). Transplantation outcomes were not affected by the preparatory regimen or donor source.Our data suggest that routine use of HSCT for infants with MLL-rearranged ALL is not indicated. However, limited by small numbers, this study should not be considered the definitive answer to this question.
Muscle injuries and PRP: what does the science say?
Authors: K. G. Harmon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Muscle strains and contusions are extremely common in sport and account for significant time loss.1 2 The healing process can be slow, and reinjury is common.3 Recently there has been significant interest in the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance healing. In this issue, Mei-Dan et al (see page 618) discuss the biological background and clinical rationale for the use of PRP.4 This paper will address the use of PRP to enhance the speed and quality of repair in muscle injury.

When muscle is injured, capillary rupture and bleeding leads to a sequence of highly coordinated events. The first phase is the degeneration/inflammation phase and is characterised by the rupture of myofibrils and their ensuing necrosis. A haematoma forms between the stumps of the ruptured myofibrils, and inflammatory cells invade.3 Platelets arrive, adhere to the exposed collagen, become activated and immediately begin to release growth factors and cytokines further amplifying the inflammatory process. Neutrophils begin to migrate to the area and arrive as early as 1–2 h after injury.5

The neutrophils are phagocytic and contain over 40 hydrolytic enzymes. Their activation leads to phagocytosis of debris, and also to the release of oxygen free radicals and proteases. This release of toxic molecules from the neutrophils can lead to secondary damage to the muscle.2 5 6 In fact, the time of peak muscle injury correlates to the time of maximal neutrophil invasion and not to the initial injury.5 In …
Dominant-Negative Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Expression Enhances Antitumoral Potency of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus in Neural Tumors
Authors: Ta-Chiang Liu, Tingguo Zhang, Hiroshi Fukuhara, Toshihiko Kuroda, Tomoki Todo, Xavier Canron, Andreas Bikfalvi, Robert L. Martuza, Andreas Kurtz, Samuel D. Rabkin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSV) appear to be a promising platform for cancer therapy. However, efficacy as single agents has thus far been unsatisfactory. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is important for the growth and migration of endothelial and tumor cells. Here, we examine the strategy of arming oncolytic HSV with a dominant-negative FGF receptor (dnFGFR) that targets the FGF signaling pathway. Experimental Design: A mouse Nf1:p53 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cell line expressing dnFGFR was generated by transfection. The effects of dnFGFR expression on cell growth and migration in vitro and tumor formation in vivo were determined. The dnFGFR transgene was then inserted into oncolytic HSV G47Δ using a bacterial artificial chromosome construction system. Antitumoral and antiangiogenic activities of bG47Δ-dnFGFR were examined. Results: MPNST 61E4 cells expressing dnFGFR grew less well than parental control cells. bG47Δ-dnFGFR showed enhanced killing of both tumor (human U87 glioma and F5 malignant meningioma cells and murine MPNST 61E4 and 37-3-18-4 cells) and proliferating endothelial cells (human umbilical vascular endothelial cell and Py-4-1) in vitro compared with the control vector bG47Δ-empty without inhibiting viral replication. In vivo, bG47Δ-dnFGFR was more efficacious than its nonexpressing parent bG47Δ-empty at inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis in both human U87 glioma and mouse 37-3-18-4 MPNST tumors in nude mice. Conclusions: By using multiple therapeutic mechanisms, including destruction of both tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells, an oncolytic HSV encoding dnFGFR enhances antitumor efficacy. This strategy can be applied to other oncolytic viruses and for clinical translation.
Phase III, Randomized Study of the Effects of Parenteral Iron, Oral Iron, or No Iron Supplementation on the Erythropoietic Response to Darbepoetin Alfa for Patients With Chemotherapy-Associated Anemia
Authors: David P. Steensma, Jeff A. Sloan, Shaker R. Dakhil, Robert Dalton, Stephen P. Kahanic, Diane J. Prager, Philip J. Stella, Kendrith M. Rowland, Paul J. Novotny, Charles L. Loprinzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Functional iron deficiency may impair response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in iron-replete patients with chemotherapy-associated anemia (CAA). This study evaluated whether coadministration of parenteral iron improves ESA efficacy in patients with CAA.
Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: G T Ferguson, R M Cherniack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The goals of therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include relieving symptoms, improving abnormal physiology, and limiting complications, including abnormal gas exchange and exacerbations of the disease. This review summarizes current guidelines and provides recommendations for management, including assessment of lung function, preventive measures, stepwise medical therapy, and pulmonary rehabilitation and surgical therapy. By the time this disease becomes symptomatic, the forced vital capacity of most patients has already declined by about 50 percent.
CD45 regulates retention, motility, and numbers of hematopoietic progenitors, and affects osteoclast remodeling of metaphyseal trabecules
Authors: Shoham Shivtiel, Orit Kollet, Kfir Lapid, Amir Schajnovitz, Polina Goichberg, Alexander Kalinkovich, Elias Shezen, Melania Tesio, Neta Netzer, Isabelle Petit, Amnon Sharir, Tsvee Lapidot
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

The CD45 phosphatase is uniquely expressed by all leukocytes, but its role in regulating hematopoietic progenitors is poorly understood. We show that enhanced CD45 expression on bone marrow (BM) leukocytes correlates with increased cell motility in response to stress signals. Moreover, immature CD45 knockout (KO) cells showed defective motility, including reduced homing (both steady state and in response to stromal-derived factor 1) and reduced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilization. These defects were associated with increased cell adhesion mediated by reduced matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion and imbalanced Src kinase activity. Poor mobilization of CD45KO progenitors by the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand, and impaired modulation of the endosteal components osteopontin and stem cell factor, suggested defective osteoclast function. Indeed, CD45KO osteoclasts exhibited impaired bone remodeling and abnormal morphology, which we attributed to defective cell fusion and Src function. This led to irregular distribution of metaphyseal bone trabecules, a region enriched with stem cell niches. Consequently, CD45KO mice had less primitive cells in the BM and increased numbers of these cells in the spleen, yet with reduced homing and repopulation potential. Uncoupling environmental and intrinsic defects in chimeric mice, we demonstrated that CD45 regulates progenitor movement and retention by influencing both the hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments.
Frequency, Severity, and Morbidity of Hypoglycemia Occurring in the Workplace in People With Insulin-Treated Diabetes
Authors: Alastair M. Leckie, Mairi K. Graham, Joan B. Grant, Peter J. Ritchie, Brian M. Frier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Hypoglycemia was examined in regularly employed people with insulin-treated diabetes to ascertain the frequency and consequences of this problem in the workplace. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A prospective 12-month survey of 243 employed people (age range 20–69 years) with insulin-treated diabetes was performed to record the frequency, severity, and morbidity of hypoglycemia occurring at work. Details of hypoglycemic episodes included time of day, place, activity, causation, blood glucose, treatment, and morbidity. Serial HbA1c measurements were recorded. RESULTS—A total of 1,955 mild (self-treated) episodes of hypoglycemia (8 per person per annum) and 238 severe (requiring external help) episodes (0.98 per person per annum) were recorded. Of the severe hypoglycemic episodes, 148 (62%) occurred at home, 35 (15%) occurred at work in 27 (11%) people (0.14 episodes per person per annum), and 54 (23%) occurred elsewhere; 52% of severe episodes occurred during sleep. Of the severe hypoglycemic episodes reported, adverse events were described in 54 (23%), with 29 losing consciousness (14%), 21 having a seizure (9%), 4 (2%) sustaining a head injury, 5 (2%) suffering another injury, 3 (1%) injuring someone else, and 2 (1%) damaging property. Severe hypoglycemia in the workplace was associated with six episodes of minor soft-tissue injuries. CONCLUSIONS—In this cohort, severe hypoglycemia in the workplace was uncommon and seldom caused disruption or serious morbidity. On the basis of the frequency and severity of hypoglycemia observed in the present study, restriction of employment opportunities for most people with insulin-treated diabetes may be difficult to justify.
TRICHOPHYTON MEGNINII IN BRITAIN.
Authors: I. SARKANY, Y. M. CLAYTON, G. A. BECK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article TRICHOPHYTON MEGNINII IN BRITAIN. Get access I. SARKANY, I. SARKANY The Royal Free Hospital, Grays Inn Rd., London, W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. M. CLAYTON, Y. M. CLAYTON St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle St., London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. A. BECK G. A. BECK Peterborough Memorial Hospital, Peterborough Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 10, 1 October 1963, Pages 388–391, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13917.x Published: 01 October 1963
Nonopioid Drugs in the Treatment of Cancer Pain
Authors: Janette Vardy, Meera Agar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The WHO analgesic ladder for the treatment of cancer pain provides a three-step sequential approach for analgesic administration based on pain severity that has global applicability. Nonopioids were recommended for mild pain, with the addition of mild opioids for moderate pain and strong opioids for severe pain. Here, we review the evidence for the use of nonopioid analgesic agents in patients with cancer and describe the mode of action of the main drug classes. Evidence supports the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as acetaminophen/paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for mild cancer pain. Adding an NSAID to an opioid for stronger cancer pain is efficacious, but the risk of long-term adverse effects has not been quantified. There is limited evidence to support using acetaminophen with stronger opioids. Corticosteroids have a specific role in spinal cord compression and brain metastases, where improved analgesia is a secondary benefit. There is limited evidence for adding corticosteroids to stronger opioids when pain control is the primary objective. Systematic reviews suggest a role for antidepressant and anticonvulsant medications for neuropathic pain, but there are methodologic issues with the available studies. Bisphosphonates improve pain in patients with bony metastases in some tumor types. Denosumab may delay worsening of pain compared with bisphosphonates. Larger studies of longer duration are required to address outstanding questions concerning the use of nonopioid analgesia for stronger cancer pain.