tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential NADPH- versus NADH-dependent superoxide production by phagocyte-type endothelial cell NADPH oxidase
Authors: Jian-Mei Li, Ajay M. Shah
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: A poorly characterized phagocyte-type NADPH oxidase, which is reportedly NADH- rather than NADPH-dependent, is a major source of endothelial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We investigated the molecular nature of this oxidase and the characteristics of NADPH- versus NADH-dependent O2− production in endothelial cells of three different species. Methods: NADPH oxidase expression in human, bovine and porcine endothelial cells was studied by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. O2− production was assessed by lucigenin chemiluminescence and cytochrome c reduction assay. Results: The NADPH oxidase subunits p47-phox, p67-phox, p22-phox, gp91-phox, and rac1 were all expressed in endothelial cells. NADPH-dependent O2− production by endothelial cells was readily detectable using lucigenin 5 μmol/l, was minimally affected by increasing lucigenin dose up to 400 μmol/l, and was abolished by diphenyleneiodonium. In contrast, NADH-dependent O2− production was only detectable with lucigenin ≥50 μmol/l, increased substantially with higher lucigenin dose, and was unaffected by diphenyleneiodonium. Predominance of NADPH- over NADH-dependent O2− production was confirmed in cell homogenates and by cytochrome c reduction assay. Conclusion: Endothelial cells express all components of a phagocyte-type NADPH oxidase. Like the neutrophil enzyme, the endothelial oxidase is preferentially NADPH- rather than NADH-dependent. NADH-dependent O2− production appears to be an artefact related to the use of lucigenin doses ≥50 μmol/l.
Two NHS trusts could fail owing to "catastrophic" mistakes, warn MPs
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Two NHS trusts in Cambridgeshire are in danger of failing and have an uncertain future because of large debts and “catastrophic” decisions made locally and nationally, concludes a damning report by MPs.

In a report published on 7 February the parliamentary public accounts committee has warned that the futures of Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust and Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust are in doubt unless they can make unprecedented savings.1

The crux of the problem lies in what the MPs called a “complete lack of strategic oversight” that led to separate decisions to build a new private finance initiative (PFI) hospital at Peterborough and to award a …
Bone mineral density in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant letrozole, tamoxifen, or sequences of letrozole and tamoxifen in the BIG 1-98 study (SAKK 21/07)
Authors: K. Zaman, B. Thürlimann, J. Huober, A. Schönenberger, O. Pagani, J. Lüthi, M. Simcock, A. Giobbie-Hurder, G. Berthod, C. Genton, P. Brauchli, S. Aebi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Does This Patient With Shoulder Pain Have Rotator Cuff Disease?
Authors: Job Hermans, Jolanda J. Luime, Duncan E. Meuffels, Max Reijman, David L. Simel, Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Rotator cuff disease (RCD) is the most common cause of shoulder pain seen by physicians. <h3>Objective</h3> To perform a meta-analysis to identify the most accurate clinical examination findings for RCD. <h3>Data Sources</h3> Structured search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL from their inception through May 2013. <h3>Study Selection</h3> For inclusion, a study must have met the following criteria: (1) description of history taking, physical examination, or clinical tests concerning RCD; (2) detailing of sensitivity and specificity; (3) use of a reference standard with diagnostic criteria prespecified; (4) presentation of original data, or original data could be obtained from the authors; and (5) publication in a language mastered by one of the authors (Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Likelihood ratios (LRs) of symptoms and signs of RCD or of a tear, compared with an acceptable reference standard; quality scores assigned using the Rational Clinical Examination score and bias evaluated with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-eight studies assessed the examination of referred patients by specialists. Only 5 studies reached Rational Clinical Examination quality scores of level 1-2.The studies with quality scores of level 1-2 included 30 to 203 shoulders with the prevalence of RCD ranging from 33% to 81%. Among pain provocation tests, a positive painful arc test result was the only finding with a positive LR greater than 2.0 for RCD (3.7 [95% CI, 1.9-7.0]), and a normal painful arc test result had the lowest negative LR (0.36 [95% CI, 0.23-0.54]). Among strength tests, a positive external rotation lag test (LR, 7.2 [95% CI, 1.7-31]) and internal rotation lag test (LR, 5.6 [95% CI, 2.6-12]) were the most accurate findings for full-thickness tears. A positive drop arm test result (LR, 3.3 [95% CI, 1.0-11]) might help identify patients with RCD. A normal internal rotation lag test result was most accurate for identifying patients without a full-thickness tear (LR, 0.04 [95% CI, 0.0-0.58]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Because specialists performed all the clinical maneuvers for RCD in each of the included studies with no finding evaluated in more than 3 studies, the generalizability of the results to a nonreferred population is unknown. A positive painful arc test result and a positive external rotation resistance test result were the most accurate findings for detecting RCD, whereas the presence of a positive lag test (external or internal rotation) result was most accurate for diagnosis of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear.
Antibody responses to H-Y minor histocompatibility antigens correlate with chronic graft-versus-host disease and disease remission
Authors: David B. Miklos, Haesook T. Kim, Katherine H. Miller, Luxuan Guo, Emmanuel Zorn, Stephanie J. Lee, Ephraim P. Hochberg, Catherine J. Wu, Edwin P. Alyea, Corey Cutler, Vincent Ho, Robert J. Soiffer, Joseph H. Antin, Jerome Ritz
Journal: Blood (2004)
Activated Protein C Inhibits the Expression of Platelet-derived Growth Factor in the Lung
Authors: Shino Shimizu, Esteban C. Gabazza, Osamu Taguchi, Hiroki Yasui, Yukiko Taguchi, Tatsuya Hayashi, Masaru Ido, Takeshi Shimizu, Tomohiro Nakagaki, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Kenji Fukudome, Naoko Tsuneyoshi, Corina N. D'Alessandro-Gabazza, Masahiko Izumizaki, Michiko Iwase, Ikuo Homma, Yukihiko Adachi, Koji Suzuki
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

The natural anticoagulant-activated protein C may inhibit inflammation and fibrosis in the lung. Platelet-derived growth factor is involved in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. This study assessed the effect of activated protein C on platelet-derived growth factor expression in human cell lines and in an in vivo model of lung fibrosis. Activated protein C significantly inhibited the secretion and expression of platelet-derived growth factor in human lung cell lines, primary bronchial epithelial cells, and macrophages. In vitro studies also showed that the endothelial activated protein C receptor is expressed by lung epithelial cells and macrophages, and that this receptor and the proteolytic activity of activated protein are implicated in the inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor expression. In the in vivo model of lung fibrosis, intratracheal administration of activated protein C decreased the expression of platelet-derived growth factor and suppressed the development of lung fibrosis. Concomitant intratracheal administration of activated protein C and anti-endothelial activated protein C receptor or anti-platelet-derived growth factor suppressed the inhibitory activity of activated protein C in vivo. In brief, this study describes a novel biological function of activated protein C that may further explain its inhibitory activity on lung inflammation and fibrosis.
The role of representation in Bayesian reasoning: Correcting common misconceptions
Authors: Gerd Gigerenzer, Ulrich Hoffrage
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract The terms nested sets, partitive frequencies, inside-outside view , and dual processes add little but confusion to our original analysis (Gigerenzer &amp; Hoffrage 1995; 1999). The idea of nested set was introduced because of an oversight; it simply rephrases two of our equations. Representation in terms of chances , in contrast, is a novel contribution yet consistent with our computational analysis – it uses exactly the same numbers as natural frequencies. We show that non-Bayesian reasoning in children, laypeople, and physicians follows multiple rules rather than a general-purpose associative process in a vaguely specified “System 1.” It is unclear what the theory in “dual process theory” is: Unless the two processes are defined, this distinction can account post hoc for almost everything. In contrast, an ecological view of cognition helps to explain how insight is elicited from the outside (the external representation of information) and, more generally, how cognitive strategies match with environmental structures.
(6) Dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: J.M. Gartside
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article (6) Dyskeratosis congenita Get access J.M. Gartside J.M. Gartside Derbyshire Royal Infirmary, Derby Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue s16, 1 December 1978, Page 31, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb15228.x Published: 01 December 1978
Cardiac-specific overexpression of RhoA results in sinus and atrioventricular nodal dysfunction and contractile failure
Authors: Valerie P. Sah, Susumu Minamisawa, Steven P. Tam, Thomas H. Wu, Gerald W. Dorn, John Ross, Kenneth R. Chien, Joan Heller Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

RhoA is a low-molecular-weight GTPase that has been implicated in the regulation of hypertrophic cardiac muscle cell growth. To study the role of RhoA in control of cardiac function in vivo, transgenic mice expressing wild-type and constitutively activated forms of RhoA under the control of the cardiac-specific α-myosin heavy chain promoter were generated. Transgene-positive mice expressing high levels of either wild-type or activated RhoA showed pronounced atrial enlargement and manifested a lethal phenotype, often preceded by generalized edema, with most animals dying over the course of a few weeks. Echocardiographic analysis of visibly healthy wild-type RhoA transgenic mice revealed no significant change in left ventricular function. As their condition deteriorated, significant dilation of the left ventricular chamber and associated decreases in left ventricular contractility were detected. Heart rate was grossly depressed in both wild-type and activated RhoA-expressing mice, even prior to the onset of ventricular failure. Electrocardiography showed evidence of atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular block. Interestingly, muscarinic receptor blockade with atropine did not elicit a positive chronotropic response in the transgenic mice. We suggest that RhoA regulates cardiac sinus and atrioventricular nodal function and that its overexpression results in bradycardia and development of ventricular failure.
Docetaxel and capecitabine in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction: a phase II study from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group
Authors: K.F. Giordano, A. Jatoi, P.J. Stella, N. Foster, L.K. Tschetter, S.R. Alberts, S.R. Dakhil, J.A. Mailliard, P.J. Flynn, D.A. Nikcevich
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Differentiation of T cell lymphokine gene expression: the in vitro acquisition of T cell memory.
Authors: S Ehlers, K A Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

A simple in vitro experimental system was devised to reflect the in vivo generation of a T cell anamnestic response so that T cell differentiation could be examined at the level of lymphokine gene expression. Comparison of neonatal and adult T cells revealed that both populations expressed the genes for interleukin 2 (IL-2) and its receptor, but only adult T cells were capable of transcribing mRNAs for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, interferon gamma, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. However, neonatal T cells could be induced to undergo functional differentiation in vitro, thereby acquiring the capacity to express the lymphokine gene repertoire characteristic for adult T cells. These data suggest that the T cells generated from neonatal blood by a primary stimulation in vitro are functionally indistinguishable from the T cells in adult blood that presumably have undergone primary stimulation in vivo. Therefore, we propose that the term "memory cell" be applied to those T cells that can be identified by their differentiated state of inducible effector-lymphokine gene expression.
Routine Vitamin Supplementation To Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: A Summary of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Cynthia D. Morris, Susan Carson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Antioxidant vitamins are thought to play a role in atherosclerosis. Supplementation of these nutrients has been explored as a means of reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Purpose: To assess the evidence of the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation, specifically vitamins A, C, and E; beta-carotene; folic acid; antioxidant combinations; and multivitamin supplements, in preventing cardiovascular disease. Data Sources: Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry and MEDLINE (1966 to September 2001), reference lists, and experts. Study Selection: The researchers selected English-language reports of randomized trials and cohort studies that assessed vitamin supplementation in western populations and reported incidence of or death from cardiovascular events. They also included reports of good- or fair-quality clinical trials of primary and secondary prevention and good- or fair-quality prospective cohort studies. Studies that examined only dietary nutrients or did not provide separate estimates for supplements were not included. Data Extraction: Two reviewers abstracted descriptive information and data on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality from included studies. The researchers assessed study quality using predetermined criteria. Data Synthesis: Evidence tables were constructed to summarize data from included studies. The researchers summarized the strength, level, and quality of the overall evidence for the effectiveness of each of the vitamin supplements in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: Some good-quality cohort studies have reported an association between the use of vitamin supplements and lower risk for cardiovascular disease. Randomized, controlled trials of specific supplements, however, have failed to demonstrate a consistent or significant effect of any single vitamin or combination of vitamins on incidence of or death from cardiovascular disease. Understanding the sources of these differences will permit researchers to better analyze the cohort study data and to better design long-term clinical trials.
Low-dose propranolol for the protection of the left ventricle from ischaemic damage.
Authors: A H Brown, B L Krause, G M Morritt
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Global myocardial ischaemia improves intracardiac operating conditions but damages the myocardium. Propranolol should reduce this damage but may impair postoperative myocardial contractility. An assessment of its protective effect during 90 minutes of normothermic ischaemia in canine hearts has been made. The early and late changes of contractility caused by low-dose propranolol were also recorded. A comparison of cardiac isovolumic contractile force, velocity, and compliance was made in three groups of dogs given 30 microgram/kg of propranolol with or without 90 minutes of cardiac ischaemia, or cardiac ischaemia without propranolol. Contractile force and velocity were significantly reduced by the propranolol, but recovered fully after 90 minutes. Ischaemia without propranolol reduced force and velocity of contraction significantly more than ischaemia with propranolol. Propranolol thus reduces operative ischaemic damage without itself impairing postoperative function.
Surveying the knowledge landscape in sub-Saharan Africa: methodology
Authors: Derege Kebede, Chris Zielinski, Peter Ebongue Mbondji, Issa Sanou, Wenceslas Kouvividila, Paul-Samson Lusamba-Dikassa
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2014)

To describe in detail the methods followed in each of the qualitative and quantitative surveys of national health information, research and knowledge systems and research institutions.Cross-sectional surveys.National health information and research systems, and 847 health research institutions in 42 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region.Key informants from health research institutions, ministries of health and statistical offices.Stewardship, financing, ethics, human and material resources and output of health information and research systems.Key informants were used to collect data to assess national research systems in 44 countries in the Region. The same method was followed in assessing national information systems in 17 countries and knowledge systems for health in 44 countries. These assessments included a detailed review of the state of data sources in the Region and their effect on measuring progress on the health-related Millennium Development Goals. A concurrent survey employed a structured questionnaire (the WHO Health Research Systems Analysis Questionnaire) to assess the capacity of 847 health research institutions in 42 countries. Stewardship, financing, ethics, human and material resources and research output were assessed.The logistics and resources involved in surveying the knowledge landscape in the 42 countries were substantial. However, the investment was worthwhile as the results of the surveys can be used to inform policy-making and decision-making, as well as to establish a regional database of national health information, research and knowledge systems.
High and Rising Health Care Costs. Part 4: Can Costs Be Controlled While Preserving Quality?
Authors: Thomas Bodenheimer, Alicia Fernandez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Several interrelated strategies involving physician leadership and participation have been proposed to contain health care costs while preserving or improving quality. These include programs targeting the 10% of the population that incurs 70% of health care expenditures, disease management programs to prevent costly complications of chronic conditions, efforts to reduce medical errors, the strengthening of primary care practice, decision support tools to avoid inappropriate services, and improved diffusion of technology assessment. An example of a cost-reducing, quality-enhancing program is post-hospital nurse monitoring and intervention for patients at high risk for repeated hospitalization for congestive heart failure. Disease management programs that target groups with a chronic condition rather than focusing efforts on high-utilizing individuals may be effective in improving quality but may not reduce costs. Error reduction has great potential to improve quality while reducing costs, although the probable cost reduction is a small portion of national health care expenditures. Access to primary care has been shown to correlate with reduced hospital use while preserving quality. Inappropriate care and overuse of new technologies can be reduced through shared decision-making between well-informed physicians and patients. Physicians have a central role to play in fostering these quality-enhancing strategies that can help to slow the growth of health care expenditures.
Early childhood infection and atopic disorder
Authors: I S. Farooqi, J. M Hopkin
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Atopy is of complex origins but the recent rise in atopic diseases in westernized communities points to the action of important environmental effects. One candidate mechanism is the changing pattern of microbial exposure in childhood. This epidemiological study investigated the relationship between childhood infections and subsequent atopic disease, taking into account a range of social and medical variables.A total of 1934 subjects representing a retrospective 1975-84 birth group at a family doctor practice in Oxfordshire were studied. Public health and practice records were reviewed; temporal records were made of all diagnoses of infections and their treatments, all immunisations, and diagnoses of asthma, hay fever and eczema; maternal atopy and a number of other variables were documented.Logistic regression analysis identified three statistically significant predictors of subsequent atopic disease: maternal atopy (1.97, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.66, p < 0.0001), immunisation with whole-cell pertussis vaccine (1.76, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.23, p < 0.0001), and treatment with oral antibiotics in the first two years of life (2.07, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.60, p < 0.0001). There was no significant association found for maternal smoking, bottle feeding, sibship size, or social class.The prediction of atopic disease by maternal atopy mainly reflects the effect of acknowledged genetic factors. Interpretation of the prediction of atopic disorders by immunisation with wholecell pertussis vaccine and treatment with oral antibiotics needs to be very cautious because of the possibilities of confounding effects and reverse causation. However, plausible immune mechanisms are identifiable for the promotion of atopic disorders by both factors and further investigation of these association is warranted.
Dysplastic naevus in non-familial melanoma. A clinicopathological study of 101 cases
Authors: J.J. GROB, LUCILE ANDRAC, MARIE HELENE ROMANO, D. DAVIN, ANNE MARIE COLLET-VILLETTE, MARIE HELENE MUNOZ, J.J. BONERANDI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

In 101 patients with non-familial cutaneous melanoma (CM), melanocytic naevi were counted and classified according to clinical criteria. Only 8% of the patients had very atypical naevi. These atypical naevi were few in number and only one patient exhibited dysplastic naevus syndrome. An histological study was undertaken on the hypothesis that, in a given individual, if the most clinically atypical naevus is not histologically dysplastic it is unlikely that any of the others are. The most clinically atypical naevus in each patient was biopsied. Estimated in this way the prevalence of dysplastic naevi in patients with non-familial CM was only 18%. Comparison of patients with and without dysplastic naevi did not suggest that they constituted two different subsets. An attempt to correlate clinical diagnosis and histological features in this group of patients showed that the diagnosis of dysplastic naevi on the basis of clinical criteria alone is difficult and not reliable.