tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of bivalve tumors: models for environmental/genetic interactions.
Authors: R J Van Beneden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

An increase in both the numbers and types of tumors found in finfish and shellfish has been noted in the past several decades. In many cases, while the increase in tumor incidence can be correlated with increases in aquatic toxicant levels, causality cannot be definitively proven. One recent epidemiologic investigation identified the prevalence of gonadal cancers as high as 40% in softshell clams (Mya arenaria) in Maine and 60% in hardshell clams (Mercenaria spp.) from Florida. A second study of these same geographic areas identified human mortality rates due to ovarian cancer as significantly greater than the national average. The rise in mortality rates in humans correlated with the increased use of herbicides in these areas as well as with the appearance of significant numbers of gonadal tumors in the clams. Studies were initiated in our laboratory to examine the molecular basis of these neoplasms in bivalves. NIH3T3 transfection assays were used to examine DNA isolated from these molluscan tumors for the presence of activated oncogenes. DNAs isolated from advanced tumors in both species were able to transform NIH3T3 cells and induce tumors in athymic mice. Studies are now underway to identify the gene(s) detected by these assays and also to examine the molecular mechanisms of toxic response of herbicide-exposed clams.
Impact of store-and-forward (SAF) teledermatology on outpatient dermatologic care: A prospective study in an underserved urban primary care setting
Authors: Caroline A. Nelson, Junko Takeshita, Karolyn A. Wanat, Kent D.W. Bream, John H. Holmes, Helen C. Koenig, Rudolf R. Roth, Anitha Vuppalapati, William D. James, Carrie L. Kovarik
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Fellowships
Authors: Rebecca M. Minter
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
C-reactive protein in patients with COPD, control smokers and non-smokers
Authors: V M Pinto-Plata
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have raised serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP). This may be related directly to COPD and its associated systemic inflammation or secondary to other factors such as concomitant ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or smoking status. The aim of this study was to evaluate IHD and smoking as potential causes of raised CRP levels in COPD and to test the association between inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use and serum CRP levels. <b>Methods:</b> Cross sectional analyses comparing cohorts of 88 patients with COPD, 33 smokers (S), and 38 non-smoker (NS) controls were performed. Clinical assessments included a complete medical history, pulmonary function, 6 minute walk test (6MWT), cardiopulmonary exercise test, and high sensitivity serum CRP measurements. <b>Results:</b> Serum CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with COPD (5.03 (1.51) mg/l) than in controls (adjusted odds ratio 9.51; 95% confidence interval 2.97 to 30.45) but were similar in the two control groups (S: 2.02 (1.04) mg/l; NS: 2.24 (1.04) mg/l). There was no clinical or exercise evidence of unstable IHD in any of the subjects. CRP levels were lower in COPD patients treated with ICS than in those not treated (3.7 (3.0) mg/l <i>v</i> 6.3 (3.6) mg/l); this association was confirmed in an adjusted regression model (p&lt;0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> CRP levels are raised in COPD patients without clinically relevant IHD and independent of cigarette smoking, and reduced in patients with COPD using ICS. CRP may be a systemic marker of the inflammatory process that occurs in patients with COPD.
Identification of an immunodominant peptide from citrullinated tenascin-C as a major target for autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Anja Schwenzer, Xia Jiang, Ted R Mikuls, Jeffrey B Payne, Harlan R Sayles, Anne-Marie Quirke, Benedikt M Kessler, Roman Fischer, Patrick J Venables, Karin Lundberg, Kim S Midwood
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> We investigated whether citrullinated tenascin-C (cTNC), an extracellular matrix protein expressed at high levels in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a target for the autoantibodies in RA. <h3>Methods</h3> Citrullinated sites were mapped by mass spectrometry in the fibrinogen-like globe (FBG) domain of tenascin-C treated with peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD) 2 and 4. Antibodies to cyclic peptides containing citrullinated sites were screened in sera from patients with RA by ELISA. Potential cross-reactivity with well-established anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) epitopes was tested by inhibition assays. The autoantibody response to one immunodominant cTNC peptide was then analysed in 101 pre-RA sera (median 7 years before onset) and two large independent RA cohorts. <h3>Results</h3> Nine arginine residues within FBG were citrullinated by PAD2 and PAD4. Two immunodominant peptides cTNC1 (VFLRRKNG-cit-ENFYQNW) and cTNC5 (EHSIQFAEMKL-cit-PSNF-cit-NLEG-cit-cit-KR) were identified. Antibodies to both showed limited cross-reactivity with ACPA epitopes from α-enolase, vimentin and fibrinogen, and no reactivity with citrullinated fibrinogen peptides sharing sequence homology with FBG. cTNC5 antibodies were detected in 18% of pre-RA sera, and in 47% of 1985 Swedish patients with RA and 51% of 287 North American patients with RA. The specificity was 98% compared with 160 healthy controls and 330 patients with osteoarthritis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There are multiple citrullination sites in the FBG domain of tenascin-C. Among these, one epitope is recognised by autoantibodies that are detected years before disease onset, and which may serve as a useful biomarker to identify ACPA-positive patients with high sensitivity and specificity in established disease.
The effects of postinduction intensification treatment with cytarabine and daunorubicin in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a prospective randomized clinical trial by Cancer and Leukemia Group B.
Authors: R R Ellison, R Mick, J Cuttner, C A Schiffer, R T Silver, E S Henderson, T Woliver, I Royston, F R Davey, A S Glicksman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Cancer and Leukemia Group B undertook a randomized trial of intensification treatment in adults aged 15 to 79 years with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in complete remission (CR). Daunorubicin (DNR), prednisone, vincristine (VCR), intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX), and asparaginase produced 177 CRs in 277 patients. One hundred fifty-one patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment as follows: 74 received intensive cytarabine and DNR, and 77 received cycles of mercaptopurine (6-MP) and MTX, followed by 6MP, MTX, VCR, and prednisone for 3 years in all. One hundred twelve patients received CNS prophylaxis. Intensification produced major myelosuppression but did not improve remission duration (median, 21 months). Of the 151 patients with CRs who entered the intensification phase, 29% remain in continuous CR (43 to 117 months); in 19 patients, CRs have lasted for longer than 7 years. No relapses occurred after 60 months. Median survival from the time of randomization was 30 months. Those under 30 years of age responded more frequently, with longer CR and survival. While 53% of those aged 15 to 19 years remain in continuous CR, 92% of patients over 59 years have relapsed. The presence of a myeloid antigen on the leukemic cells was adversely prognostic for CR achievement and for survival. Pretreatment WBC and platelet levels independently affected CR duration and survival. Early M1 marrow development presaged longer remissions. CNS relapse occurred in 47 of 256 patients with normal CSF before treatment, in 29 before CNS prophylaxis. CNS disease occurred after CNS prophylaxis in 18 patients: 13 of 61 who had received standard premaintenance and five of 51 who received intensification. No advantage in CR duration or survival resulted from intensive treatment with DNR and cytarabine following induction of CR.
Malignant Jugular Paraganglioma
Authors: Tarun Kumar Jain, Rajender Kumar Basher, Jaya Shukla, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Naresh K. Panda
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Metastatic jugular paraganglioma are rare tumors and account for less than 1% of the cases of head and neck tumors. We report a 40-year-old woman of jugular paraganglioma, presenting with right-sided neck swelling, hearing loss, and pulsatile tinnitus. Contrast-enhanced CT temporal bone revealed a mass in the right jugular foramina and extending inferiorly to internal jugular vein. Ga DOTANOC PET/CT was performed, which revealed somatostatin receptor expressing lesion in the right internal jugular vein and extension into sigmoid sinus and additional metastatic focus in the sacrum.
The emerging landscape of salivary diagnostics
Authors: Yong Zhang, Jie Sun, Chien‐Chung Lin, Elliot Abemayor, Marilene B. Wang, David T. W. Wong
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

Abstract Saliva contains a variety of biomolecules, including DNA , coding and noncoding RNA , proteins, metabolites and microbiota. The changes in the salivary levels of these molecular constituents can be used to develop markers for disease detection and risk assessment. Use of saliva as an early‐detection tool is a promising approach because collection of saliva is easy and noninvasive. Here, we review recent developments in salivary diagnostics, accomplished using salivaomics approaches, including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and microbiomic technologies. Additionally, we illustrate the mechanisms of how diseases distal from the oral cavity can lead to the appearance of discriminatory biomarkers in saliva, and discuss the relevance of these markers for translational and clinical applications.
68Ga-NOTA-Exendin-4 PET/CT in Localization of an Occult Insulinoma and Appearance of Coexisting Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Yaping Luo, Naishi Li, Dale O. Kiesewetter, Xiaoyuan Chen, Fang Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 61-year-old woman with biochemically proven endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and negative conventional imaging underwent 68Ga-NOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT for localization of insulinoma. Focal intense radioactivity in the tail of the pancreas was observed that was subsequently confirmed as insulinoma pathologically after surgical resection. In addition, esophageal carcinoma with lymph node and hepatic metastases was found by FDG PET/CT in the same patient. Neither the primary carcinoma nor the metastases showed increased radioactivity on 68Ga-NOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT.
Reply to ‘Plasma vemurafenib concentrations in advanced BRAFV600mut melanoma patients: impact on tumour response and tolerance’ by Funck-Brentano et al.
Authors: L. Goldwirt, I. Chami, J.-P. Feugeas, C. Pages, F. Brunet-Possenti, C. Allayous, B. Baroudjian, I. Madelaine, H. Sauvageon, S. Mourah, C. Lebbé
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Anastrozole versus tamoxifen for the prevention of locoregional and contralateral breast cancer in postmenopausal women with locally excised ductal carcinoma in situ (IBIS-II DCIS): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: John F Forbes, Ivana Sestak, Anthony Howell, Bernardo Bonanni, Nigel Bundred, Christelle Levy, Gunter von Minckwitz, Wolfgang Eiermann, Patrick Neven, Michael Stierer, Chris Holcombe, Robert E Coleman, Louise Jones, Ian Ellis, Jack Cuzick
Journal: The Lancet (2015)

Third-generation aromatase inhibitors are more effective than tamoxifen for preventing recurrence in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive invasive breast cancer. However, it is not known whether anastrozole is more effective than tamoxifen for women with hormone-receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Here, we compare the efficacy of anastrozole with that of tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive DCIS.
Response to ‘Low-dose versus high-dose fish oil for pain reduction and function improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis’ by Chenet al
Authors: Catherine Hill, Susan Elizabeth Lester, Graeme Jones
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

We thank Chen et al 1 for their interest in our paper2 and are pleased to have the opportunity to respond to their comments.

Our study was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised control trial designed specifically to answer the question whether high-dose fish oil was superior to low-dose fish oil for treatment of knee osteoarthritis, and our findings were that it was not.2 This question arose from the important work of our colleagues and coauthors in demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects of high-dose fish oil and associated treatment benefits in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.3 Therefore, the rationale and underlying hypothesis for the study in osteoarthritis specifically related to anti-inflammatory properties of high-dose fish oil, and there was no prior rationale for proposing that low-dose fish oil may also be of …
Ronald John Leslie Davidson
Authors: Neil Edward, Michael J Williams
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Ronald John Leslie Davidson (“Ron”) did his house posts in the professorial units of Dundee Royal Infirmary. After two years’ national service in the military hospital in Penang, Malaya, he returned to Dundee and became lecturer in pathology under Professor Lendrum. He then spent two years in clinical medicine before becoming senior registrar in clinical pathology at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow. During his time in Dundee he carried out meticulous and elegant experimental …
Rituximab does not reset defective early B cell tolerance checkpoints
Authors: Nicolas Chamberlain, Christopher Massad, Tyler Oe, Tineke Cantaert, Kevan C. Herold, Eric Meffre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients show abnormalities in early B cell tolerance checkpoints, resulting in the accumulation of large numbers of autoreactive B cells in their blood. Treatment with rituximab, an anti-CD20 mAb that depletes B cells, has been shown to preserve β cell function in T1D patients and improve other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. However, it remains largely unknown how anti-B cell therapy thwarts autoimmunity in these pathologies. Here, we analyzed the reactivity of Abs expressed by single, mature naive B cells from 4 patients with T1D before and 52 weeks after treatment to determine whether rituximab resets early B cell tolerance checkpoints. We found that anti-B cell therapy did not alter the frequencies of autoreactive and polyreactive B cells, which remained elevated in the blood of all patients after rituximab treatment. Moreover, the limited proliferative history of autoreactive B cells after treatment revealed that these clones were newly generated B cells and not self-reactive B cells that had escaped depletion and repopulated the periphery through homeostatic expansion. We conclude that anti-B cell therapy may provide a temporary dampening of autoimmune processes through B cell depletion. However, repletion with autoreactive B cells may explain the relapse that occurs in many autoimmune patients after anti-B cell therapy.
Diverse Genetic Lesions In Myelodysplastic Syndromes Originate Exclusively In Rare MDS Stem Cells
Authors: Petter Woll, Una Kjällquist, Onima Chowdhury, Rikard Erlandsson, Helen Doolittle, Mtakai Ngara, Kristina Anderson, Eleni Giannoulatou, Stephen Taylor, Qiaolin Deng, Adam J. Mead, Christian Scharenberg, Teresa Mortera-Blanco, Iain C Macaulay, sally-Ann Clark, Dag Josefsen, Gunnar Kvalheim, Gudrun Göhring, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Magnus Tobiasson, Mette S. Holm, Peter Hokland, Pierre Fenaux, Claus Nerlov, Ingunn Dybedal, Lars Nilsson, Rickard Sandberg, Eva Hellström-Lindberg, Sten Linnarsson, Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
Journal: Blood (2013)
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Reduces Relapse Risk in <i>FLT3</i>/ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Katherine Tarlock, Todd A. Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, Susana C. Raimondi, Betsy A. Hirsch, Lillian Sung, Jessica A. Pollard, Richard Aplenc, Michael R. Loken, Alan S. Gamis, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), a calicheamicin-conjugated mAb against CD33, has been used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated the impact of the addition of GO to standard chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) in patients withFLT3/ITD.We analyzed children withFLT3/ITD-positive AML (n= 183) treated on two consecutive Children's Oncology Group AML trials (NCT00070174andNCT00372593). Outcomes were assessed forFLT3/ITD patients receiving standard chemotherapy with or without GO (GO vs. No-GO, respectively), and the impact of consolidation HCT for high-riskFLT3/ITD patients [highFLT3/ITD allelic ratio (ITD-AR)].For allFLT3/ITD patients, complete remission (CR) rates for the GO versus No-GO cohorts were identical (64% vs. 64%;P= 0.98). Relapse rate (RR) after initial CR was 37% for GO recipients versus 59% for No-GO recipients (P= 0.02), disease-free survival (DFS) was similar (47% vs. 41%;P= 0.45), with higher treatment-related mortality (TRM) in GO recipients (16% vs. 0%;P= 0.008). Among high-riskFLT3/ITD patients with high ITD-AR, those who received HCT in first CR with prior exposure to GO had a significant reduction in RR (15% vs. 53%;P= 0.007), with a corresponding DFS of 65% versus 40% (P= 0.08), and higher TRM (19% vs. 7%;P= 0.08).CD33 targeting with HCT consolidation may be an important therapeutic strategy in high-riskFLT3/ITD AML and its efficacy and associated toxicity warrant further investigation.
Site-directed mutagenesis analysis identifies residues necessary for the multiple enzymatic activities of the metastasis suppressor, nm23-H1
Authors: J McCorkle, Mengmeng Yang, David Kaetzel
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

486   Nm23-H1 represents the first described metastasis suppressor, exhibiting reduced expression in cohorts of breast carcinoma and melanoma, as well as the ability to inhibit metastatic growth in a number of human cell lines. Although its molecular mode of action is not well understood, nm23-H1 possesses at least three enzymatic activities that may mediate metastasis suppressor function. It phosphorylates both NDP (NDP kinase, or ndpk) and protein (histidine-mediated kinase, or hisK) substrates, and also exhibits 3’-5’ exonuclease activity. The latter is compelling considering the important roles played in DNA repair and recombination by 3’-5’ exonucleases, functions likely to be aberrant in advanced human cancer. To assess the relative roles for each of these activities in metastasis suppression, we initiated the creation of a panel of nm23-H1 mutant variants with selective enzymatic lesions. Previous reports showed that a His 118 →Phe (H 118 F) substitution results in total loss of ndpk and hisK activities, while a P 96 S mutation also inhibits ndpk and hisK, but to a lesser extent (20% and 11.1% of wild-type (WT) respectively). In the current study, we show that the 3’-5’ exonuclease remains intact in the presence of each of the aforementioned mutations (H 118 F-116% of WT; P 96 S-88%). However, an E 5 A substitution results in a dramatic, selective loss in 3’-5’ exonuclease capability (12% of WT) without significant effect on either ndpk or hisK. In addition, a K 12 Q mutant was shown to harbor profound lesions in all three enzymatic activities (98% reduction for ndpk, 92% loss of hisK, and 82% loss of 3’-5’ exonuclease). Analysis of these mutant proteins by circular dichroism spectrometry revealed no significant alterations in protein structure, strongly suggesting important roles for the targeted amino acid residues H 118 , P 96 , K 12  and E 5  in the enzymatic functions of nm23-H1. This panel of nm23-H1 variants should provide a foundation for further investigation into the potential relationship between these enzymatic activities and the metastasis suppressing capacity of nm23.
Blood fibrocytes are recruited during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through a CXCR4-dependent pathway
Authors: Isabelle Dupin, Benoit Allard, Annaig Ozier, Elise Maurat, Olga Ousova, Eva Delbrel, Thomas Trian, Hoang-Nam Bui, Claire Dromer, Olivier Guisset, Elodie Blanchard, Gilles Hilbert, Frédéric Vargas, Matthieu Thumerel, Roger Marthan, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Patrick Berger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Salivary biomarkers for dental caries
Authors: Xiaoli Gao, Shan Jiang, David Koh, Chin‐Ying Stephen Hsu
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

As a highly prevalent multifactorial disease, dental caries afflicts a large proportion of the world's population. As teeth are constantly bathed in saliva, the constituents and properties of this oral fluid play an essential role in the occurrence and progression of dental caries. Various inorganic (water and electrolytes) and organic (proteins and peptides) components may protect teeth from dental caries. This occurs via several functions, such as clearance of food debris and sugar, aggregation and elimination of microorganisms, buffering actions to neutralize acid, maintaining supersaturation with respect to tooth mineral, participation in formation of the acquired pellicle and antimicrobial defense. Modest evidence is available on the associations between dental caries and several salivary parameters, including flow rate, buffering capacity and abundance of mutans streptococci. Despite some controversial findings, the main body of the literature supports an elevated caries prevalence and/or incidence among people with a pathologically low saliva flow rate, compromised buffering capacity and early colonization or high titer of mutans streptococci in saliva. The evidence remains weak and/or inconsistent on the association between dental caries and other saliva parameters, such as other possible cariogenic species (Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus sanguis group, Streptococcus salivarius, Actinomyces spp. and Candida albicans), diversity of saliva microbiomes, inorganic and organic constituents (electrolytes, immunoglobulins, other proteins and peptides) and some functional properties (sugar clearance rate, etc.). The complex interactions between salivary components and functions suggest that saliva has to be considered in its entirety to account for its total effects on teeth.