tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In Vitro</i>Fermentation of caprine milk oligosaccharides by bifidobacteria isolated from breast-fed infants
Authors: Caroline Thum, Nicole C Roy, Warren C McNabb, Don E Otter, Adrian L Cookson
Journal: Gut Microbes (2015)

This study was conducted to investigate the catabolism and fermentation of caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) by selected bifidobacteria isolated from 4 breast-fed infants. Seventeen bifidobacterial isolates consisting of 3 different species (Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum) were investigated. A CMO-enriched fraction (CMOF) (50% oligosaccharides, 10% galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), 20% lactose, 10% glucose and 10% galactose) from caprine cheese whey was added to a growth medium as a sole source of fermentable carbohydrate. The inclusion of the CMOF was associated with increased bifidobacterial growth for all strains compared to glucose, lactose, GOS, inulin, oligofructose, 3'-sialyl-lactose and 6'-sialyl-lactose. Only one B. bifidum strain (AGR2166) was able to utilize the sialyl-CMO, 3'-sialyl-lactose and 6'-sialyl-lactose, as carbohydrate sources. The inclusion of CMOF increased the production of acetic and lactic acid (P < 0.001) after 36 h of anaerobic fermentation at 37 °C, when compared to other fermentable substrates. Two B. bifidum strains (AGR2166 and AGR2168) utilised CMO, contained in the CMOF, to a greater extent than B. breve or B. longum subsp longum isolates, and this increased CMO utilization was associated with enhanced sialidase activity. CMOF stimulated bifidobacterial growth when compared to other tested fermentable carbohydrates and also increased the consumption of mono- and disaccharides, such as galactose and lactose present in the CMOF. These findings indicate that the dietary consumption of CMO may stimulate the growth and metabolism of intestinal Bifidobacteria spp. including B. bifidum typically found in the large intestine of breast-fed infants.
In Memoriam: Charles G. Moertel
Authors: Michael J. O'Connell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Article Tools In Memorium Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.11.2246 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 In Memoriam: Charles G. Moertel Michael J. O'ConnellxMichael J. O'ConnellSearch for articles by this author Show More Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.11.2246 PDF "In Memoriam: Charles G. Moertel." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12(11), pp. 2246–2247© 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Complete Remission of Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Treatment With Panitumumab in a Patient With Cetuximab-Induced Anaphylaxis
Authors: Aurélie Marti, Antoine Fauconneau, Nora Ouhabrache, Marie Beylot-Barry, Anne Pham-Ledard
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

observed reaction is also doubtfully drug related, since there were no liver test abnormalities found.The dermatophytid (id) reaction was excluded by the following observations: First, clinical lesions of id reactions are typically intensely pruritic and develop quite distantly from the site of infection. 6 In the present case, the patient denied pruritus, and the exacerbation involved the primary lesions without production of any new ones.Second, in id reactions, no fungal forms are recovered from the lesions; in the present case, the patient's lesions yielded fungal growth.Third, over the course of id reactions, no generalized symptoms (eg, fever), as seen in this patient, are normally observed.Altogether, this report presents an unusual case of a paradoxical reaction resembling, to some extent, the JHR, after treatment of dermatophyte infection with terbinafine.
Government motion on plain packaging for cigarettes undermines intellectual property rights
Authors: L. Naseby
Journal: BMJ (2015)

It is extraordinary the lengths that some journalists will go to when trying to support their viewpoint, while completely ignoring the facts. Gornall implies that my acceptance of an invitation to a concert at the O2 Arena influenced my speech on 16 March, which is utterly ridiculous, especially as I do not smoke.1

I am trained as an economist …
A double-blind trial of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam in the treatment of delirium in hospitalized AIDS patients
Authors: W Breitbart, R Marotta, M M Platt, H Weisman, M Derevenco, C Grau, K Corbera, S Raymond, S Lund, P Jacobson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and side effects of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam for the treatment of the symptoms of delirium in adult AIDS patients in a randomized, double-blind, comparison trial.Nondelirious, medically hospitalized AIDS patients (N = 244) consented to participate in the study and were monitored prospectively for the development of delirium. Patients entered the treatment phase of the study if they met DSM-III-R criteria for delirium and scored 13 or greater on the Delirium Rating Scale. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to treatment with haloperidol (N = 11), chlorpromazine (N = 13), or lorazepam (N = 6). Efficacy and side effects associated with the treatment were measured with repeated assessments using the Delirium Rating Scale, the Mini-Mental State, and the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale.Treatment with either haloperidol or chlorpromazine in relatively low doses resulted in significant improvement in the symptoms of delirium as measured by the Delirium Rating Scale. No improvement in the symptoms of delirium was found in the lorazepam group. Cognitive function, as measured by the Mini-Mental State, improved significantly from baseline to day 2 for patients receiving chlorpromazine. Treatment with haloperidol or chlorpromazine was associated with an extremely low prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects. All patients receiving lorazepam, however, developed treatment-limiting adverse effects. Although only a small number of patients had been treated with lorazepam, the authors became sufficiently concerned with the adverse effects to terminate that arm of the protocol early.Symptoms of delirium in medically hospitalized AIDS patients may be treated efficaciously with few side effects by using low-dose neuroleptics (haloperidol or chlorpromazine). Lorazepam alone appears to be ineffective and associated with treatment-limiting adverse effects.
Effect of L-asparaginase administration on coagulation and platelet function in children with leukemia.
Authors: A C Homans, M E Rybak, R L Baglini, C Tiarks, M E Steiner, E N Forman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

The use of L-asparaginase during remission induction in patients with leukemia is associated with coagulation abnormalities, which may present either as thrombosis or hemorrhage. However, because of the multiple pharmacologic and hematologic variables present in these patients, the exact contribution of L-asparaginase to these coagulation abnormalities is unclear. We studied platelet function and plasma coagulation parameters in 12 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving daily L-asparaginase as a single agent when in complete remission. Changes in the prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and fibrinogen, while statistically significant, remained within or close to the normal range during the study. Platelet function also remained normal during the study. In contrast, levels of protein C antigen decreased to a mean of 42%, a significant change from pretreatment values. Levels of antithrombin III (AT III) were likewise depressed to 15 mg/dL (34% of pretreatment value). Despite these changes in the levels of physiologic inhibitors of coagulation, this schedule of L-asparaginase administration was associated with only rare clinical thrombosis, and this study suggests that the development of this complication may be dependent on the presence of additional factors.
Changes in IgE and IgG4 Indicative of Desensitization Are Associated with Ara h 1 and 2, but Not Ara h 3, 8, and 9, in Subjects On Sublingual Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy
Authors: Caitlin Burk, Michael D. Kulis, Edwin Kim, A. Wesley Burks, Brian P. Vickery
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
CCG advises patients to pay privately for treatments it plans to stop funding on NHS
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A financially stricken clinical commissioning group (CCG) has advised patients to pay privately for treatments that it plans to stop funding on the NHS.

Mid Essex CCG, which needs to make drastic savings of £15.7m (€22.4m; $24m) this year to balance its books, is consulting publicly on plans to stop routine funding of vasectomy and sterilisation of women and to limit or stop patients’ access through referral by GPs to physiotherapy services.1

The CCG also wants to stop routine funding of hearing aids for people with mild hearing loss and to stop issuing prescriptions for gluten free foods.

Its consultation advises patients to consider paying privately for services that are likely to be restricted under its cost cutting drive.

The CCG is the latest to announce plans to ration care …
Vaccine-Resistant Malaria
Authors: Christopher V. Plowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

To ensure efficacy against wild poliovirus, Jonas Salk methodically classified circulating polio strains before choosing three to use in his inactivated vaccine.1 Several other successful vaccines against viruses and bacteria have likewise included immunogen variants that were selected through careful assessments of pathogen genetic diversity and strain-specific protective immunity. In contrast, virtually all vaccines against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, including RTS,S/AS01, have been designed with the use of genetic sequences that are derived from a single, well-characterized reference strain thought to be of West African origin — 3D7. In light of the extreme diversity of malaria parasites, could . . .
Failure to Thrive: Can Education Save the Life of Ethics Consultation?
Authors: Kayhan Parsi, Mark G. Kuczewski
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

On the Medical College of Wisconsin bioethics listserve, an oft-invoked phrase is “data beats anecdotes.” As bioethics shifts from a conceptual to a more empirical field, more data is usually a goo...
Volatile organic compounds in asthma diagnosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: J. Cavaleiro Rufo, J. Madureira, E. Oliveira Fernandes, A. Moreira
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract We aimed to assess the value and classification rate of exhaled volatile organic compounds ( VOC s) in asthma diagnosis. A PRISMA ‐oriented systematic search for published studies regarding exhaled VOC s in asthma diagnosis was conducted based on predefined criteria. Studies presenting sensitivity and specificity values for the test were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled diagnosis odds ratios ( DOR ), area under the curve ( AUC ) and positive and negative likelihood ratios ( LR ) for exhaled VOC profiles were calculated; and publication bias, threshold effect and heterogeneity were estimated. Eighteen studies were selected for the qualitative analysis and six met the criteria for inclusion in the quantitative analysis. Mean (95% CI ) pooled DOR , positive and negative LR were 49.3 (15.9–153.3), 5.86 (3.07–11.21) and 0.16 (0.10–0.26), respectively. The AUC value was 0.94. Only three of the 18 reviewed studies performed an external validation of the model using a different data set. The results from the revised studies suggest that exhaled VOC s are promising biomarkers for asthma diagnosis and that several compounds, mainly alkanes, may be significantly associated with asthma inflammation. However, there are still various constraints associated with standardization and externally validated studies are needed to introduce exhaled VOC profiling in a clinical scenario.
Upfront Genotyping of <i>DPYD</i>*<i>2A</i> to Individualize Fluoropyrimidine Therapy: A Safety and Cost Analysis
Authors: Maarten J. Deenen, Didier Meulendijks, Annemieke Cats, Marjolein K. Sechterberger, Johan L. Severens, Henk Boot, Paul H. Smits, Hilde Rosing, Caroline M.P.W. Mandigers, Marcel Soesan, Jos H. Beijnen, Jan H.M. Schellens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Fluoropyrimidines are frequently prescribed anticancer drugs. A polymorphism in the fluoropyrimidine metabolizing enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; ie, DPYD*2A) is strongly associated with fluoropyrimidine-induced severe and life-threatening toxicity. This study determined the feasibility, safety, and cost of DPYD*2A genotype-guided dosing.Patients intended to be treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy were prospectively genotyped for DPYD*2A before start of therapy. Variant allele carriers received an initial dose reduction of ≥ 50% followed by dose titration based on tolerance. Toxicity was the primary end point and was compared with historical controls (ie, DPYD*2A variant allele carriers receiving standard dose described in literature) and with DPYD*2A wild-type patients treated with the standard dose in this study. Secondary end points included a model-based cost analysis, as well as pharmacokinetic and DPD enzyme activity analyses.A total of 2,038 patients were prospectively screened for DPYD*2A, of whom 22 (1.1%) were heterozygous polymorphic. DPYD*2A variant allele carriers were treated with a median dose-intensity of 48% (range, 17% to 91%). The risk of grade ≥ 3 toxicity was thereby significantly reduced from 73% (95% CI, 58% to 85%) in historical controls (n = 48) to 28% (95% CI, 10% to 53%) by genotype-guided dosing (P < .001); drug-induced death was reduced from 10% to 0%. Adequate treatment of genotype-guided dosing was further demonstrated by a similar incidence of grade ≥ 3 toxicity compared with wild-type patients receiving the standard dose (23%; P = .64) and by similar systemic fluorouracil (active drug) exposure. Furthermore, average total treatment cost per patient was lower for screening (€2,772 [$3,767]) than for nonscreening (€2,817 [$3,828]), outweighing screening costs.DPYD*2A is strongly associated with fluoropyrimidine-induced severe and life-threatening toxicity. DPYD*2A genotype-guided dosing results in adequate systemic drug exposure and significantly improves safety of fluoropyrimidine therapy for the individual patient. On a population level, upfront genotyping seemed cost saving.
Phase I study of recombinant leukocyte A human interferon combined with BCNU in selected patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: E T Creagan, J S Kovach, H J Long, R L Richardson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Interferons manifest diverse immunomodulatory and antiproliferative characteristics. Since their spectrum of toxicities includes primarily fatigue and anorexia rather than the myelosuppression concomitant with cytotoxic therapies, it is conceptually appealing to combine both modalities. We conducted a phase I trial among 18 patients using the combination of leukocyte A recombinant interferon (IFN-rA) and BCNU. The intramuscular (IM) IFN-rA dose for the initial 12 patients was 12 X 10(6) U/m2 three times a week for an anticipated duration of 12 weeks. Among these patients, we escalated the monthly intravenous (IV) BCNU dose from 50 mg/m2 to 150 mg/m2. Six subsequent patients received IFN-rA 12 X 10(6) U/m2, days 1 to 3, and BCNU 150 mg IV on day 3 of each monthly cycle. Dose-limiting toxicities from both regimens were fatigue and myelosuppression. We recognize the limitation of small sample sizes. Nevertheless, in the absence of a significant number of life-threatening toxicities, it appears that near maximal doses of BCNU and concomitant IFN-rA can be administered with safety in an outpatient setting.
Assessment of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using optical spectral transmission measurements, a non-invasive imaging technique
Authors: M van Onna, D F Ten Cate, K L Tsoi, A J L Meier, J W G Jacobs, A A A Westgeest, P B L Meijer, M C van Beek, W H J Rensen, J W J Bijlsma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Objectives In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), treat-to-target strategies require instruments for valid detection of joint inflammation. Therefore, imaging modalities are increasingly used in clinical practice. Optical spectral transmission (OST) measurements are non-invasive and fast and may therefore have benefits over existing imaging modalities. We tested whether OST could measure disease activity validly in patients with RA. Methods In 59 patients with RA and 10 patients with arthralgia, OST, joint counts, Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28 and ultrasonography (US) were performed. Additionally, MRI was performed in patients with DAS28&lt;2.6. We developed and validated within the same cohort an algorithm for detection of joint inflammation by OST with US as reference. Results At the joint level, OST and US performed similarly inproximal interphalangeal-joints (area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.79, p&lt;0.0001) andmetacarpophalangeal joints (AUC 0.78, p&lt;0.0001). Performance was less similar in wrists (AUC 0.62, p=0.006). On the patient level, OST correlated moderately with clinical examination (DAS28 r=0.42, p=0.001), and US scores (r=0.64, p&lt;0.0001). Furthermore, in patients with subclinical and low disease activity, there was a correlation between OST and MRI synovitis score (RAMRIS (Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Scoring) synovitis), r=0.52, p=0.005. Conclusions In this pilot study, OST performed moderately in the detection of joint inflammation in patients with RA. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic performance in a new cohort of patients with RA.
Pathophysiology of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Basil Rapoport
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1991)

Autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the most common endocrine disorder, is primarily a subclinical disease. Whether or not subclinical hypothyroidism should be treated remains controversial. Recent advances have been made in understanding the molecular nature of the antigens that are the target of the immune system in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The "microsomal antigen" is now recognized to be thyroid peroxidase.
Acute Kidney Injury Predicts Major Adverse Outcomes in Diabetes: Synergic Impact With Low Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria
Authors: Mathilde Monseu, Elise Gand, Pierre-Jean Saulnier, Stéphanie Ragot, Xavier Piguel, Philippe Zaoui, Vincent Rigalleau, Richard Marechaud, Ronan Roussel, Samy Hadjadj, Jean-Michel Halimi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Subjects with diabetes are prone to the development of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular complications. In separate studies, acute kidney injury (AKI), albuminuria, and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were shown to predict adverse outcomes, but, when considered together, their respective prognostic value is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes consecutively recruited in the SURDIAGENE cohort were prospectively followed up for major diabetes-related events, as adjudicated by an independent committee: death (with cause), major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, amputation, and arterial revascularization), and renal failure (i.e., sustained doubling of serum creatinine level or end-stage renal disease). RESULTS Intrahospital AKI occurred in 411 of 1,371 patients during the median follow-up period of 69 months. In multivariate analyses, AKI was significantly associated with cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death, including cancer-related death. In multivariate analyses, AKI was a powerful predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure requiring hospitalization, myocardial infarction, stroke, lower-limb amputation or revascularization, and carotid artery revascularization. AKI, eGFR, and albuminuria, even when simultaneously considered in multivariate models, predicted all-cause and cardiovascular deaths. All three renal biomarkers were also prognostic of most adverse outcomes and of the risk of renal failure. CONCLUSIONS AKI, low eGFR, and elevated albuminuria, separately or together, are compelling biomarkers of major adverse outcomes and death in diabetes.
Clinical Utility of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Thyroid
Authors: E M Tani, L Skoog, T Löwhagen
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1988)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Gut Commensal E. coli Proteins Activate Host Satiety Pathways following Nutrient-Induced Bacterial Growth
Authors: Jonathan Breton, Naouel Tennoune, Nicolas Lucas, Marie Francois, Romain Legrand, Justine Jacquemot, Alexis Goichon, Charlène Guérin, Johann Peltier, Martine Pestel-Caron, Philippe Chan, David Vaudry, Jean-Claude do Rego, Fabienne Liénard, Luc Pénicaud, Xavier Fioramonti, Ivor S. Ebenezer, Tomas Hökfelt, Pierre Déchelotte, Sergueï O. Fetissov
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Conversion to resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer with hepatic artery infusion of combined chemotherapy and systemic cetuximab in multicenter trial OPTILIV
Authors: F.A. Lévi, V. Boige, M. Hebbar, D. Smith, C. Lepère, C. Focan, A. Karaboué, R. Guimbaud, C. Carvalho, S. Tumolo, P. Innominato, Y. Ajavon, S. Truant, D. Castaing, T. De Baere, F. Kunstlinger, M. Bouchahda, M. Afshar, P. Rougier, R. Adam, M. Ducreux
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Randomized prospective comparison of intraventricular methotrexate and thiotepa in patients with previously untreated neoplastic meningitis. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
Authors: S A Grossman, D M Finkelstein, J C Ruckdeschel, D L Trump, T Moynihan, D S Ettinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE This prospective randomized cooperative group study was conducted in patients with neoplastic meningitis treated with intrathecal methotrexate or thiotepa to assess response rates and survival, prognostic factors, and the toxicity of these regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-nine adults with nonleukemic malignancies, performance status of 0 to 3, and positive CSF cytologies were assigned to receive intrathecal methotrexate (10 mg) or thiotepa (10 mg) twice weekly. Radiation, was administered to mass lesions and/or symptomatic sites and appropriate systemic therapy was given concomitantly. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were assessable. Most were female (79%), nonambulatory (77%), had been pretreated with radiation (52%) and chemotherapy (77%), and had evidence of systemic disease (65%). Most primary cancers were of the breast (48%), lung (23%), or lymphatics (19%). Treatment arms were well balanced, except that more patients randomized to methotrexate had breast cancer (61% v 33%) and were without evidence of systemic cancer (21% v 4%). No patient had important neurologic improvement with therapy, and 75% deteriorated neurologically within 8 weeks of initiating therapy. Survival ranged from 4 days to 110.5+ weeks. Median survival for patients receiving methotrexate was 15.9 weeks and 14.1 weeks for patients treated with thiotepa. Factors predictive of shorter survival included progressive systemic disease (P = .0005), poor performance status (P = .03), and significant cranial nerve palsies (P = .02). Although serious toxicities were similar, mucositis (P = .04) and neurologic complications (P = .008) were more common in patients who received methotrexate. CONCLUSION The efficacy and overall toxicities of intraventricular methotrexate and thiotepa seem similar and neither reverses fixed neurologic deficits. Early diagnosis and treatment and new therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the outcome for patients with neoplastic meningitis.