tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benefits Associated with an Early Hemoglobin Response to Epoetin Alfa Therapy in the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Related Anemia
Authors: Susana M. Campos, Mei Sheng Duh, Patrick Lefebvre, James Rosberg
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2005)

Although previous studies have recognized that timely correction of anemia is desirable, no published research quantifies the association between the timeliness of the hemoglobin rise and patients' outcomes. This study evaluates whether anemic patients with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy and who experienced an early response to epoetin alfa (≥ 1 g/dL hemoglobin increase at the end of 4 weeks of treatment) experienced better clinical and drug utilization outcomes compared with patients who did not experience an early response. Three large, open-label, community studies of epoetin alfa for the treatment of chemotherapy-related anemia were retrospectively analyzed to assess the association of early hemoglobin response to subsequent transfusion requirements, subsequent hemoglobin response, quality of life, and epoetin alfa dosage administered over the study. Two epoetin alfa dosing regimens were evaluated: 10,000 units 3 times weekly with potential escalation to 20,000 units, and 40,000 units once weekly with potential escalation to 60,000 units. In all studies, patients who experienced an early hemoglobin response had statistically lower subsequent transfusion requirements, higher rates of subsequent hemoglobin response, shorter time to hemoglobin response, better improvements in quality of life scores, and lower average weekly epoetin alfa dose than patients who did not experience an early hemoglobin response. Similar proportions of patients experienced early response in the 3-times weekly and once-weekly epoetin alfa regimens. This ad hoc analysis found that early hemoglobin response to epoetin alfa therapy was associated with improved clinical benefits and drug utilization. Early hemoglobin response may therefore be considered as a desired goal of epoetin alfa therapies.
Vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, as a component of first-line and second-line triple therapy for<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>eradication: a phase III, randomised, double-blind study
Authors: Kazunari Murakami, Yuuichi Sakurai, Madoka Shiino, Nobuo Funao, Akira Nishimura, Masahiro Asaka
Journal: Gut (2016)

<h3>Objective</h3> The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, as a component of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication therapy. <h3>Design</h3> A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, parallel-group study was conducted to verify the non-inferiority of vonoprazan 20 mg to lansoprazole 30 mg as part of first-line triple therapy (with amoxicillin 750 mg and clarithromycin 200 or 400 mg) in <i>H pylori-</i>positive patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer history. The first 50 patients failing first-line therapy with good compliance also received second-line vonoprazan-based triple therapy (with amoxicillin 750 mg and metronidazole 250 mg) as an open-label treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 650 subjects randomly allocated to either first-line triple therapy, 641 subjects completed first-line therapy and 50 subjects completed second-line therapy. The first-line eradication rate (primary end point) was 92.6% (95% CI 89.2% to 95.2%) with vonoprazan versus 75.9% (95% CI 70.9% to 80.5%) with lansoprazole, with the difference being 16.7% (95% CI 11.2% to 22.1%) in favour of vonoprazan, thus confirming the non-inferiority of vonoprazan (p&lt;0.0001). The second-line eradication rate (secondary end point) was also high (98.0%; 95% CI 89.4% to 99.9%) in those who received second-line therapy (n=50). Both first-line triple therapies were well tolerated with no notable differences. Second-line triple therapy was also well tolerated. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Vonoprazan is effective as part of first-line triple therapy and as part of second-line triple therapy in <i>H pylori-</i>positive patients with a history of gastric or duodenal ulcer. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT01505127.
Tumor Induction With Trimethylhydrazine Hydrochloride in the Syrian Golden Hamster2
Authors: Bela Toth, Donald Nagel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Tumor Induction With Trimethylhydrazine Hydrochloride in the Syrian Golden Hamster Get access Bela Toth, Bela Toth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald Nagel Donald Nagel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 2, August 1977, Pages 431–433, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.2.431 Published: 01 August 1977 Article history Received: 29 November 1976 Accepted: 08 February 1977 Published: 01 August 1977
Left ventricular dysfunction is related to macro- and microcirculatory dusfunction after effective coronary stanting
Authors: L. Gregorini, M. Kozàkovà, Carlo Palombo, I. Marco, I. Bossi, M. Bernies, G. Anguissola, S. Romano, J. Fajadet, J. Marco
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Abstract 13675: The Impact of Major Vascular Complications on the Long-Term Outcome for Patient Undergoing Trans-Catheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Sa’ar Minha, Marco De Magalhaes, Ricardo O Escarcega, Israel M Barbash, Nevin C Baker, Itsik Ben-Dor, Lakshmana K Pendyala, Hideaki Ota, Thibault Lhermusier, Wenjie Tian, Fang Chen, Petros G Okubagzi, Agusto D Pichard, William O Suddath, Lowell F Satler, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Major vascular complications (MjVC) of TAVR are associated with poor long term outcome. Since in-hospital mortality is included in the 2nd Valve Academic Research Consortium definitions of MjVC, the long term outcome of patients that had MjVC and survived to discharge and 30 days is less clear. Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that the MjVC is associated with long term mortality even if patients survived the first 30 days post-TAVR as compared to patients with no vascular complication (NVC) or those that had minor vascular complications (MiVC). Methods: 392 patients that underwent trans-femoral TAVR were included. A comparison was completed between patients that had NVC (n=266), MiVC (n=88) and MjVC (n=38). Survival estimate included a landmark analysis capped at 30 days post-TAVR. Results: No differences were noted in the baseline characteristics of patients with MjVC, MiVC or NVC (Age 85.2±4.8,82.9±7.3,82.5±8.6;p=0.05,STS score 10.1±3.7 vs. 9.4±4.1 vs. 9.1±4.6;p=0.4, ejection fraction 52.8±13.6% vs. 52.2±13.1 vs. 53.1±14.1;p=0.8 respectively) . Patients that had MjVC had longer hospitalization (10.4±7.3 vs. 5.7±3.6 vs. 6.3±5.2 days; p&lt;0.001 respectively), higher rate of infections (36.8% vs. 6.8% vs. 9.4%;p&lt;0.001 respectively)and higher rate of post-TAVR transfusions (82.6% vs. 47.7% vs. 25.6%;p&lt;0.001 respectively). These differences translated into long-term higher mortality risk for patients sustaining MjVC even after surviving to 30 days post-TAVR (figure). Conclusions: MjVC continues to be associated with poor outcome after TAVR even if patients survived to 30 days. This might be related to the procedural and post-procedural complication and not to the baseline characteristics of the patient and thus these patients should be subjected to special surveillance and care.
Prophylactic Therapy of Spontaneous Leukemia in AKR Mice by Polyadenylic-Polyuridylic Acid
Authors: Walter P. Drake, Eugene F. Cimino, Michael R. Mardiney, John C. Sutherland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Prophylactic Therapy of Spontaneous Leukemia in AKR Mice by Polyadenylic-Polyuridylic Acid Get access Walter P. Drake, Walter P. Drake Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eugene F. Cimino, Eugene F. Cimino Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael R. Mardiney, Jr., Michael R. Mardiney, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John C. Sutherland John C. Sutherland 2Section of Immunology and Cell Biology, Baltimore Cancer Research Center, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 3100 Wyman Park Drive, Baltimore, Md. 21211. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 3, March 1974, Pages 941–944, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.3.941 Published: 01 March 1974 Article history Received: 24 September 1973 Accepted: 30 November 1973 Published: 01 March 1974
Final Results from Quasar2, a Multicentre, International Randomised Phase III Trial of Capecitabine (Cap) +/- Bevacizumab (Bev) in the Adjuvant Setting of Stage Ii/Iii Colorectal Cancer (Crc)
Authors: R.S. Midgley, S. Love, I. Tomlinson, E. Johnstone, C. Scudder, S.R. Pearson, P. Julier, E. Domingo, D. Church, F. Pezzella, J. Hu, E. Segelov, A. Weaver, D.J. Kerr
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Gut Microbiota-Induced Immunoglobulin G Controls Systemic Infection by Symbiotic Bacteria and Pathogens
Authors: Melody Y. Zeng, Daniel Cisalpino, Saranyaraajan Varadarajan, Judith Hellman, H. Shaw Warren, Marilia Cascalho, Naohiro Inohara, Gabriel Núñez
Journal: Immunity (2016)
Exploring the poor outcomes of <i>BRAF </i>mutant (<i>BRAF</i> mut) advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC): Analysis from 2,530 patients (pts) in randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
Authors: Jenny F. Seligmann, David Fisher, Faye Elliott, Susan Richman, Rachel Butler, Jeremy Cheadle, Richard A. Adams, Philip Quirke, Tim Maughan, Matthew T. Seymour, Gary William Middleton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

3509 Background: BRAF-mut aCRC pts have poor overall survival (OS). To investigate this phenomenon, we have examined individual patient data from pts treated with chemotherapy alone in 3 RCTs to identify the points on the treatment pathway at which their outcomes are inferior to BRAF-wt pts. Methods: BRAF was assessed in tumors of 2530 pts in 3 RCTs: COIN (n = 1284), FOCUS (n = 787) and PICCOLO (n = 459). End-points were progression free survival (PFS), response rate (RR), post progression survival (PPS) and OS. Treatments received were 1st line OxFU (COIN), 1st line FU (FOCUS) or 2ndline Irinotecan (Ir) (PICCOLO). Analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards models and logistic regression. Results: 231 pts (9.1%) were BRAF-mut. BRAF-mut status conferred worse OS in both 1st-line studies (FOCUS HR = 1.55, p = 0.002; COIN HR = 1.77, p < 0.001). Compared with wt, BRAF-mut pts treated with 1stline OxFU had inferior RR (32% vs 48%; OR = 0.51,p < 0.001) and PFS (unadjusted HR = 1.34, p = 0.041, but p = 0.19 after adjustment). Following progression on 1st-line chemotherapy, BRAF-mut pts had shorter PPS (COIN HR = 1.99, p < 0.0001; FOCUS HR = 2.13, p < 0.001). However, BRAF-mut did not confer a disadvantage among pts pausing chemo without progression for planned chemo-free intervals (COIN, OS HR 0.97, p = 0.75; PFS HR = 1.09, p = 0.33). In COIN, BRAF-mut pts were less likely to receive 2nd-line treatment after 1st-line progression (39% vs 60%, p = 0.002). However, once started, the outcomes during or after 2nd-line chemo were not significantly inferior in BRAF-mut pts: in PICCOLO: RR OR = 0.75, p = 0.65; PFS HR = 1.06, p = 0.72; PPS HR = 1.13, p = 0.57). Conclusions: The poor survival of BRAF-mut pts is driven by accelerated decline following progression, and a lower probability of receiving further lines of therapy, so clinicians need extra vigilance. However, BRAF-mut pts may still enjoy treatment breaks when not progressing, and if treated with 2nd line chemotherapy are no less likely to benefit.
Imalytics Preclinical: Interactive Analysis of Biomedical Volume Data
Authors: Felix Gremse, Marius Stärk, Josef Ehling, Jan Robert Menzel, Twan Lammers, Fabian Kiessling
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

A software tool is presented for interactive segmentation of volumetric medical data sets. To allow interactive processing of large data sets, segmentation operations, and rendering are GPU-accelerated. Special adjustments are provided to overcome GPU-imposed constraints such as limited memory and host-device bandwidth. A general and efficient undo/redo mechanism is implemented using GPU-accelerated compression of the multiclass segmentation state. A broadly applicable set of interactive segmentation operations is provided which can be combined to solve the quantification task of many types of imaging studies. A fully GPU-accelerated ray casting method for multiclass segmentation rendering is implemented which is well-balanced with respect to delay, frame rate, worst-case memory consumption, scalability, and image quality. Performance of segmentation operations and rendering are measured using high-resolution example data sets showing that GPU-acceleration greatly improves the performance. Compared to a reference marching cubes implementation, the rendering was found to be superior with respect to rendering delay and worst-case memory consumption while providing sufficiently high frame rates for interactive visualization and comparable image quality. The fast interactive segmentation operations and the accurate rendering make our tool particularly suitable for efficient analysis of multimodal image data sets which arise in large amounts in preclinical imaging studies.
Abstract 18759: Benefit of TEE in Patients Over 50 with Unexplained Stroke and Normal TTE Study
Authors: Abhishek Jaiswal, Seth H Goldbarg, Todd C Kerwin
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: Aside from oral anticoagulation in patients with intracardiac thrombus, current guidelines and scientific evidence do not support specific therapeutic interventions for most other TEE findings. We sought to examine the effect of performing TEE on therapeutic management in patients over age 50 with unexplained stroke. Specific TEE findings sought to explain the cause of stroke generally include cardiac thrombi (particularly LA and LAA) or spontaneous contrast, inter atrial septal anomalies (particularly PFO), and atheromatous disease of the aorta. We hypothesized that there would be minimal incremental value in performing TEE added to a normal TTE study. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients over 50 yrs who underwent TEE for unexplained stroke. Patients in sinus rhythm were included if TTE results were normal. Normal TTE was defined as normal LVEF, no intracardiac masses or shunts, absence of severe valvular heart disease. Results: TEE images and clinical data of 263 patients were analyzed. Baseline characteristics included mean age of 66.7 yrs, (range 50-91 yrs), 42.5% were female. TEE findings demonstrated complex plaque of the ascending aorta or arch in 44/263 (16.7%). PFO was found in 18/263(%), 25/263(%) had atrial spetal aneurysm (ASA), and 11/263(%) had both ASA and PFO. Spontaneous contrast was seen in 13/263 (4.9%). 1 patient had LA thrombus. Overall 38% had a TEE finding which could explain the etiology of stroke but 1/263 (0.4%) had a finding which changed therapy based on current guidelines or substantial scientific evidence. 6 months follow up was available on 85 patients, and 13(15%) of these patients developed new PAF. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates no incremental value of TEE to a normal TTE study in patients over 50 with unexplained stroke in sinus rhythm. As reported in prior studies, it is not uncommon for TEE to disclose findings such as aortic atheroma or interatrial septal anomalies, however these findings generally do not alter therapeutic management and therefore routine performance of TEE in these patients may not be justified. It needs to be determined whether subsequent PAF episodes were etiology or result of stroke.
Cellular Analysis of Liver Carcinogenesis. III. Comparison of the Ultrastructure of Hyperplastic Liver Nodules and Hepatocellular Carcinomas Induced in Rat Liver by 2-Fluorenylacetamide&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Leonard P. Merkow, Sheldon M. Epstein, Emmanuel Farber, Matias Pardo, Barbara Bartus
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

The ultrastructure of hyperplastic liver nodules and hepato-cellular carcinomas induced in rat liver by 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) was studied and compared to gain further insight into the biology of the oncogenic process and the possible role of the hyperplastic liver nodule as an intermediary cell population between normal hepatocytes and hepatocellular malignancy. Cells obtained from hepatocellular malignancies typically showed marked variation of their cytostructure. In contrast, a relatively uniform cytological structure characterized hepatocytes within hyperplastic liver nodules. The fine structure of malignant hepatoma cells was not significantly altered when the host animals were fasted for 24 hours before being killed, whereas the hyperplastic liver nodule cells displayed considerable difference in ultrastructure after a fast. A number of similarities were observed between organelles within cells of hyperplastic liver nodules and malignant hepatomas. Both lesions had similar features including prominence of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, often in cluster formation, and a relative paucity of parallel-arrayed, rough endoplasmic reticulum. Annulate lamellae, previously reported present in 2-FAA-induced hyperplastic liver nodules, were also readily detected in malignant hepatomas. Since the above alterations were not observed in liver adjacent to hyperplastic liver nodules, these observations indicate that cells in the hyperplastic liver nodules have certain resemblances to those in liver cancer. However, the hyperplastic liver nodule is composed of cells which differ significantly and reproducibly from those within either normal liver or overtly malignant hepatocellular carcinoma.
Preradiation intracarotid cisplatin treatment of newly diagnosed anaplastic gliomas. The CNS Cancer Consortium.
Authors: E J Dropcho, S S Rosenfeld, R B Morawetz, J Vitek, M Brothers, T Gorum, S Bell, G Y Gillespie, M Glantz, M S Mahaley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE This phase II study was performed to assess the response of patients with newly diagnosed, untreated malignant gliomas (anaplastic astrocytoma [AA] and glioblastoma multiforme [GBM]) to intracarotid (IC) cisplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligibility criteria included surgical intervention limited to biopsy only, measurable contrast-enhancing tumor, and unilateral tumor location within the vascular territory of one internal carotid artery. Patients were scheduled to receive four infusions of IC cisplatin (75 mg/m2 every 4 weeks) before beginning standard radiotherapy. Twenty-six patients were treated, and 22 were assessable for response. RESULTS Ten patients (45%) showed a greater than 25% decrease in the enhancing tumor area before radiotherapy with stabilization or improvement of neurologic deficits, and three patients (14%) had a greater than 70% decrease in tumor area. The likelihood of response to IC cisplatin was not clearly linked to patient age, tumor histology, or pretreatment tumor size. Myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity were mild. Optic neuropathy occurred in one patient, seizures in two, and fatal postinfusion cerebral edema in one. CONCLUSION This study design, which permits assessment of the drug sensitivity of the untreated glioma, has shown definite antitumor activity of IC cisplatin in newly diagnosed malignant glioma patients.
PTH-188 Is it more cost-effective to treat patients with non-dysplastic barrett’s oesophagus with aspirin and statins rather than to undertake endoscopic surveillance?: Abstract PTH-188 Table 1
Authors: S Menon, N Trudgill
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic surveillance and therapy with endoscopic mucosal resection and radio-frequency ablation have an established role in dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus (BO). However, the most cost-effective strategy in non-dysplastic BO remains uncertain. Aspirin and Statins are associated with a reduced risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. We have examined the cost-effectiveness of Aspirin and Statins without endoscopic surveillance in non-dysplastic BO in comparison with other potential strategies. <h3>Method</h3> A Markov model was created using a base population of 1,000 50-year old Caucasian males with non-dysplastic BO followed to 75 years of age. All subjects were assumed fit for oesophagectomy. Subjects on Aspirin and Statin therapy did not undergo surveillance and this cohort was compared with subjects undergoing endoscopic surveillance at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5-yearly intervals with endoscopic therapy used to treat dysplasia. These cohorts were referenced to a base population who did not undergo surveillance and in whom the natural history was modelled. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as net amount per quality adjusted life year (QALY) and base-costs for treatment were obtained from the Department of Health HRG tariffs for 2014. Monte Carlo simulation and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were carried out. <h3>Results</h3> The most cost-effective strategy was 2-yearly surveillance of non-dysplastic BO with an average cost per subject of £5184, yielding 14.69 QALY and an ICER of 21763. Aspirin and Statin therapy without surveillance resulted in a cost of £1735 per subject and 14.23 QALY and was more cost-effective than no surveillance, due to an overall reduction in the incidence of dysplasia with Aspirin and Statins. However, a strategy of using Aspirin and Statins was not as cost-effective as 2-yearly, 3-yearly or 5-yearly surveillance with endoscopic therapy for dysplasia, due to the cost of palliation of incident advanced cancers in the Aspirin and Statin population (not undergoing surveillance). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Aspirin and Statin therapy in non-dysplastic BO is more cost-effective than no surveillance but is less cost-effective than endoscopic surveillance and therapy for incident dysplasia. The most cost-effective strategy for all patients for BO remains 2-yearly surveillance. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Structural recovery of the retina in a retinoschisin-deficient mouse after gene replacement therapy by solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: P.S. Apaolaza, A. del Pozo-Rodríguez, M.A. Solinís, J.M. Rodríguez, U. Friedrich, J. Torrecilla, B.H.F. Weber, A. Rodríguez-Gascón
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Assessment of reliability in multicenter collaborative research with a videotape approach
Authors: N C Andreasen, P McDonald-Scott, W M Grove, M B Keller, R W Shapiro, R M Hirschfeld
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors, as part of the ongoing NIMH Collaborative Study on the Psychobiology of Depression, used an analysis of variance design and videotaped interviews to explore the effects of sources of variance on the reliability of the measures being used by the NIMH study. In spite of substantial differences among interviewers in background or orientation, the authors found that diagnoses and symptom ratings were made with a high level of reliability. These results suggest that the use of structured interviews and diagnostic criteria, when combined with a careful and systematic training program, can lead to good levels of diagnostic reliability.