tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14866: Hyperglycemia is an Independent Predictor of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Mohan Thanikachalam, Vijaykumar Harivanzan, Jahnavi Sunderarajan, Ragavendra Baliga, Sadagopan Thanikachalam
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the current study we examine the association of hyperglycemic with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) independent of major correlates of LVH, such as, age, body size, blood pressure (BP) and aortic stiffness. Methods: We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional survey in 8,080 South Indians over the age of 20 years. The study included anthropometric, socioeconomic, psychosocial, BP, blood lipids, insulin, HbA1C, glucose tolerance test and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) assessments. Insulin resistance (IR) was defined as the 25% of the population with the highest values for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). LV mass and relative wall thickness (RWT) were determined using echocardiography. LVH was defined as LV mass index (LVMI) &gt;109 g/m 2 for men and &gt;89 g/m 2 for women. Results: After the exclusion of people with hypertension, 5,841 subjects (mean age 41 years, 59% women) constituted the study sample. The mean LVMI in subjects with normoglycemia (n=3585), pre-DM (impaired fasting and/or post prandial blood sugar; n=1315) and DM (n=888) was 78.5 ± 17.5, 80.7 ± 19.4 and 87.2 ± 20.3, while mean RWT was 0.46 ± 0.09, 0.48 ± 0.09 and 0.51 ± 0.1, respectively (p&lt;0.01). After adjustments for age, sex, BMI, BP, PWV, blood lipids, history of coronary artery disease, socioeconomic and smoking status, and physical activity, when compared to persons with normoglycemia, the odds ratio (95% CI) for LVH in pre-DM and DM men was 1.12 (0.89, 1.42) and 1.37 (1.04, 1.8), respectively; the odds ratio in pre-DM and DM women was 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) and 1.4 (1.08, 1.82), respectively. Among the persons with normoglycemia those with IR the odds ratio for LVH was 1.23 (0.85, 1.78) in men and 1.01 (0.79, 1.30) in women. In the multi-linear regression models HbA1c was independently correlated with LVMI. The correlation coefficients were higher in men (β= 0.07, p &lt;0.001) compared to women (β= 0.037, p = 0.032). Conclusion: Hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of LVH in South Asian population. These findings indicate potential adverse myocardial effects of DM independent of associated risk factors, such as obesity, BP and aortic stiffness.
Final analysis of a phase II study of Yale-modified FOLFIRINOX (mFOLFIRINOX) in metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC).
Authors: Edward Samuel James, Xiangyu Cong, Xiaopan Yao, Carol Hahn, Kristin Kaley, Jia Li, Jeremy S. Kortmansky, Neal A. Fischbach, Charles Cha, Ronald R Salem, Stacey Stein, Howard S. Hochster, Jill Lacy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

395 Background: Although FOLFIRINOX is superior to gemcitabine in MPC, the regimen is associated with significant toxicities (Conroy et al. N Engl J Med 2011;364:1817). In our prior retrospective analysis, efficacy was not compromised by dose attenuations of FOLFIRINOX (Gunturu et al. Med Oncol 2013;30:361). Based on this analysis, a prospective phase II open label study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of mFOLFIRINOX in pts with locally advanced (LAPC) and MPC was conducted. Herein, we report the final analysis of the toxicity in LAPC and MPC, and the efficacy in MPC. Methods: Previously untreated pts with MPC or LAPC received mFOLFIRINOX every two wks with 25% dose reductions of irinotecan &amp; bolus 5FU until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or surgical resection. All pts received prophylactic pegfilgrastim. CAT scans were obtained every 4 cycles for response assessment by RECIST. Toxicities in the entire cohort, and response rate (RR) &amp; pt characteristics in the MPC cohort were compared to historical data reported by Conroy. PFS was determined for MPC cohort. Results: 31 pts with LAPC and 43 pts with MPC with ECOG PS 0/1 were enrolled between 11/11 and 01/14. Characteristics of evaluable (37/43) MPC pts were: med age, 61 yrs (range 50-76); male, 21; ECOG PS 0, 17; med # metastatic sites, 2; peritoneal disease, 14; biliary stent, 9; med # of cycles 10 (range 4-31). Grade 3/4 toxicities in entire cohort were: vomiting &amp; peripheral neuropathy, 2.7%; ALT elevated, thromboembolism and febrile neutropenia, 4.1%; anemia, 5.4%; diarrhea,16.2% (no grade 4 diarrhea reported); neutropenia &amp; fatigue, 12.2%; thrombocytopenia, 9.5%. Neutropenia (p&lt;0.0001), vomiting (p=0.0014), and fatigue (0.0194) were significantly decreased compared to historical data. RR in 37 pts with MPC was 35.1% (0 CR, 13 PR, 19 SD, 5 PD) and similar to historical data (36.9%; p 0.86). PFS in MPC pts was 6.11 mo with 95% CI (5.29, 8.31). Conclusions: mFOLFIRINOX with prophylactic pegfilgrastim in pts with MPC is associated with improved tolerability compared to full dose FOLFIRINOX, while RR and PFS in pts with MPC is similar to that reported by Conroy et all using full dose FOLFIRINOX. MPC pts are in follow-up for OS. Follow up for LAPC patients is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01523457.
Clinical outcome of gemcitabine (gem)/cisplatin (cis)- vs docetaxel (doc)/cis-treated stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (p) according to X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) polymorphism and age
Authors: R. Rosell-Costa, V. Alberola, C. Camps, G. Lopez-Vivanco, T. Moran, O. Etxaniz, R. De Las Peñas, J. Gupta, M. Taron, J. Sanchez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7055 Background: Significant interaction between XRCC1 genotype and age has been reported, with younger subjects having a greater risk of developing lung cancer. Carriers of XRCC3 241 MetMet have higher levels of DNA adducts, leading us to hypothesize that they would be more chemosensitive, especially younger patients. Methods: Real-time PCR assay was used to determine XRCC3 genotype from DNA isolated from baseline blood samples of 878 stage IV NSCLC p (162 treated with gem/cis; 716 with doc/cis). Median age, 60; 266 p (30%) &lt;55; 239 p (39%) 55–66; 273 p (31%) &gt;66. Adenocarcinoma: 459 p (53%). Homozygous variant XRCC3 241 MetMet was found in 124 p (14%), with the same frequency in each of the three age groups. Results: After a median follow-up of 7.6 months (m) (95% CI, 1–47 m), overall median survival (MS) was 9.5 m (95% CI, 8.8–10.2 m), with no differences between the 2 regimens. In all p with XRCC3 241 MetMet, MS was 12.9 m for p treated with gem/cis and 8.4 m for p treated with doc/cis (P = 0.06) (hazard ratio at 2 y = 0.23). In p with XRCC3 241 MetMet &lt;55 y, MS was not reached for p treated with gem/cis and 9.2 m for p treated with doc/cis (P = 0.02), which translated into a 60% difference in survival at 2 y. This difference diminished in p with XRCC3 241 MetMet 55–66 y (MS 12.9 m with gem/cis, 6.9 m with doc/cis [P = 0.09]; 28% difference in survival at 2 y) and disappeared in p &gt;66 y (MS 5.8 m with gem/cis, 7.8 m with doc/cis [P = 0.55]. For the other XRCC3 241 genotypes (ThrThr and ThrMet), no differences in MS were found either overall or broken down by age. Conclusions: XRCC3 241 MetMet is both an easily assessable and robust predictive marker for survival in younger gem/cis-treated NSCLC p. The survival benefit dwindles with increasing age, possibly related to the enhanced DNA repair capacity of older p. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: case report and review of the literature.
Authors: C Louvet, A de Gramont, M Krulik, M Jagueux, D Hubert, P Brissaud, A Sirinelli, B Augereau, J M Tubiana, J Debray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

A case of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 62-year-old woman is reported. This unusual sarcoma was localized in the right thigh (quadriceps) and treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sixty-three cases were found in the literature, with neurologic localization in 29 cases and muscular localization in 34 cases. Among clinical features, a significant difference in age at the time of diagnosis was found between the two localizations, which strongly suggests the possibility of two different types of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group: a comparison of adjuvant doxorubicin and observation for patients with localized soft tissue sarcoma.
Authors: H J Lerner, D A Amato, E D Savlov, W D DeWys, A Mittleman, R C Urtasun, S Sobel, M Shiraki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Forty-seven patients with stage I, II, or III soft tissue sarcoma were entered into a prospective randomized Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) adjuvant protocol. Eligibility included conservative or radical primary treatment for local cure. Patients were then randomized to control or Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH). Adriamycin was administered at 70 mg/m2 (slow push, every 3 weeks for seven courses for a maximum of 550 mg/m2). To date, 32 patients, 17 males and 15 females, with an age range of 17 to 75 years (median, 44 years) have been followed sufficiently long to be included in this analysis. Nine patients have died. The median follow-up of the remaining 23 patients is 30 months (range, 2 to 50 months). Survival was not significantly different between Adriamycin or control. However, the disease-free interval was slightly different in favor of observation. This preliminary report does not support the hypothesis that Adriamycin is an effective adjuvant therapy for soft tissue sarcoma. Due to the small numbers, these results must be interpreted in relation to our ability to detect a difference, if in fact one existed. These preliminary data suggest that adjuvant Adriamycin not be used outside the confines of a clinical trial such as the current intergroup adjuvant sarcoma study.
Human Primary Colon Carcinomas Xenografted Into Nude Mice. II. Modulation of Tumor Plasminogen Activator Activity by the Host Tissue Environment&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J F Cajot, B Sordat, F Bachmann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The characterization and quantitation of plasminogen activators (PAs) expressed by human colon carcinoma cell lines and primary colon carcinomas inoculated into nude outbred (nu/nu) mice, either as subcutaneous or gut-implanted (GI) xenografts, were discussed. The two colon carcinoma cell lines used in this study, Col 112 (moderately differentiated) and Col 115 (poorly differentiated), differ in their PA expression, the former being a urinary-type PA and the latter being a tissue-type PA producer. Both cell lines demonstrate a positive correlation between tumor invasiveness and measured PA activity; subcutaneous xenografts growing as noninvasive pseudobenign tumor masses were associated with low levels of PA activity, whereas GI xenografts exhibiting invasive growth expressed higher PA activity. Furthermore, coinoculation of Col 115 tumor cells sc and GI in the same host induced high levels of PA activity in subcutaneous xenografts, suggesting a stimulatory effect of the GI xenograft on subcutaneous xenograft PA expression. Also, purified murine plasminogen was demonstrated to represent an efficient substrate for tumor-secreted human PA.
Updated analysis of a phase II study using sorafenib (S) for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)
Authors: J. B. Aragon-Ching, L. Jain, D. Draper, J. L. Gulley, P. M. Arlen, J. J. Wright, E. Jones, C. C. Chen, W. D. Figg, W. L. Dahut
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

16026 Background: S is a multikinase inhibitor approved for renal and hepatocellular cancer. Stage I results of this open-label, two- stage trial has been previously reported. The protocol was amended to use only clinical or radiographic criteria for progression because of discordance between PSA and bone scan responses. Methods: 24 patients (pts) were accrued for stage 2. The primary objective of this study was to determine if S was associated with a 50% probability of 4 month progression free survival (PFS). S was given continuously at a dose of 400 mg orally twice daily in 28-day cycles. CT and bone scans were obtained every 2 cycles, and PSA was measured monthly. Results: Pt characteristics for all patients in stage 2 included a median (range) age of 66 (49 - 85), on study PSA of 68.45 ng/mL (5.8 - 995), Gleason of 8 (6 - 9), and ECOG of 1 (n=17). 22/24 (92%) had prior chemotherapy with docetaxel. All patients had bony metastases, either alone (n=11) or with soft tissue disease (n=13). All were evaluable for response after at least 2 cycles of treatment. Median duration of therapy was 2 cycles (range: < 1 to 7). One patient had a 52% PSA decline after 2 cycles with a partial response on CT. Ten pts had stable disease despite rising PSA values with a median duration on-study of 16.5 weeks. However, there were more pts who were unable to tolerate treatment (n=5) and went off-study prior to assessment of response compared to 1 pt in stage I. Dose reductions occurred in 13 of 24 pts. Grade (gr) 3 hand foot syndrome occurred in 3 pts and gr 2 in 8 pts. Conclusions: S monotherapy has modest activity as second-line treatment in mCRPC. Many patients treated with prior docetaxel were unable to tolerate this agent, perhaps due to hand-foot syndrome. However, there may be a subset of pts who benefit from this agent. Better refinement of target population is required to determine who may benefit or develop toxicity from this targeted agent. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
From Soldiers to Civilians
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2016)

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Zika Virus Spreads to New Areas — Region of the Americas, May 2015–January 2016
Authors: Morgan Hennessey, Marc Fischer, J. Erin Staples
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 (1). Before 2007, only sporadic human disease cases were reported from countries in Africa and Asia. In 2007, the first documented outbreak of Zika virus disease was reported in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia; 73% of the population aged ≥3 years is estimated to have been infected (2). Subsequent outbreaks occurred in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific (3). In May 2015, the World Health Organization reported the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas (Americas), with autochthonous cases identified in Brazil (4). In December, the Ministry of Health estimated that 440,000-1,300,000 suspected cases of Zika virus disease had occurred in Brazil in 2015 (5). By January 20, 2016, locally-transmitted cases had been reported to the Pan American Health Organization from Puerto Rico and 19 other countries or territories in the Americas* (Figure) (6). Further spread to other countries in the region is being monitored closely.
Validation of a non-invasive CO measurement in an isolated lung model
Authors: Maxime Maignan, Irène Ventrillard, Stéphane Gennai, Jonathan Zaccharia, Guillaume Debaty, Daniele Romanini, Raphaël Briot
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a key mediator in ischemic - reperfusion injuries. Its role as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in organ transplant is increasing. We tried to validate a new CO measurement on isolated perfused and ventilated lungs.   Methods:  After euthanasia, swines lungs (n=2, 19.5±0.5 kg) were removed. Trachea was intubated and the pulmonary artery was linked to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Lungs were then progressively ventilated and perfused to a steady state (tidal volume 8ml/kg, respiratory rate 15/min, PEEP 5mmHg and cardiac output 70ml/kg/min). CO measurements were made by Optical-Feedback Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy. This laser based technique allows non-invasive and real time measurements with high sensitivity (0.002ppm). We measured gas taken directly from the end of the trachea. To validate our model, lungs were placed in environments with high (9ppm) or low (   Results:  Initial CO level in ambient air was 0.272±0.035ppm (mean ± SD). Lungs CO peak was obtained during expiratory phase and initial average CO was 0.429±0.182ppm. After low CO mixed gas injection, CO level in air was 0.009±0.002ppm while lungs CO remained stable at 0.437±0.196ppm. In high CO environment, CO in air was 8.772±0.044ppm and lungs CO was 0.440±0.211ppm. Standard deviation in lung CO is due to the respiratory cycle.   Conclusion:  In our model, CO arises during expiratory phase and its concentration is not changed by low or high CO level in ambient air. Thus, we are able to quantify CO produced by the lungs.
Brain damage in American Football Inevitable consequence or avoidable risk?
Authors: Chad A Asplund, Thomas M Best
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

The subject of brain injury in American football has never been more controversial. For 15 years, the National Football League (NFL) denied any link between football and brain injury or chronic traumatic encephalopathy. It supported this claim with research performed by an NFL appointed committee, which contradicted that of independent researchers. Despite this long history of denial, the NFL recently settled (for $870m (£578m; €822m)) a legal case filed by former players who claimed their neurological deficits were from playing football.1 It remains unclear whether this was an admission by NFL that football can lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy or other brain injury or a public relations response to an overwhelming media reaction to deaths of prominent retired football players and a perceived lack of concern for retired NFL players and their families. What is clear is that more research is needed to determine how athletes develop brain injury and whether strategies could protect them.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was first described in American football players (figure 1) as a progressive neurodegenerative syndrome leading to neuronal loss coupled with protein and plaque deposits in the brain as …
Triple-negative breast cancer at Washington Cancer Institute (WCI)
Authors: A. Aggarwal, S. M. Swain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

22207 Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TN), defined as estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and HER-2 negative, accounts for 15% of breast cancer and is more common in premenopausal African American (AA) females. TN is associated with high rate of local and systemic relapse. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of TN in a cohort breast cancer patients presented at WCI. We also reviewed age, race, grade and stage at the diagnosis of TN. Methods: Consecutive medical records of patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) between 1/2004 and 12/2006 were obtained from cancer registry at WCI, Washington Hospital Center. Patients were classified having TN if they were negative for all 3 receptors (ER, PR and HER-2) or non triple negative (NTN) if they were positive for any of the 3 markers. Results: 617 patients were identified as new patients with IBC over 3 yrs. 586 (84%) women were African American (AA) and 131 (16%) of other ethnicities (W). 147 (22%) were classified as TN and 524 (78%) as NTN. Of the TN, 135 (90%) were AA and 12 (10%) W. Median age at the time of diagnosis of TN for AA was 55 yrs vs 59 yrs for W. 56 (38%) were <50 yrs, 73(50%) 51–70 yrs and 18 (12%) >71 yrs. 129 (88%) of the TN were grade 3, 17(11%) grade 2 and 1(1%) grade 1. Stage distribution in TN: Stage I- 46 (31%); Stage II- 59 (40%); Stage III- 28 (19%); Stage IV- 7 (5%). 7(4%) were not staged. All patients except 7 had either lumpectomy with radiation or mastectomy. 122 (83%) patients received systemic chemotherapy. 20 (14%) patients developed local and/or distant metastatses involving lungs, brain, bone and liver within 3–23 months of their initial diagnosis and 1 patient a second primary. 20 women (14%) died in 3–26 month from their initial diagnosis. Conclusion: Currently there is no specific regimen for the treatment of TN breast cancer. Despite being sensitive to anthracycline, taxanes and platinum, there is high early recurrence and mortality with TN breast cancer. On-going research to identify targeted therapy will help to find a better treatment for this subset of patients. Our goal for our predominantly AA patients at WCI is to initiate TN targeted clinical trials and determine targets for future therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.