tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Lymphomas and Other Cancers in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Patients With Hemophilia
Authors: C S Rabkin, M W Hilgartner, K W Hedberg, L M Aledort, A Hatzakis, S Eichinger, M E Eyster, G C White, C M Kessler, M M Lederman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To determine the types and rates of cancers occurring in excess in the presence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).Cohort analytic study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects followed for up to 12 years.Fifteen hemophilia treatment centers.A total of 1701 patients with hemophilia, of whom 1065 (63%) were HIV-1 seropositive.Morphologic classification and incidence rates of cancers.The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after HIV seroconversion averaged 0.15 case per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 0.25) and rose exponentially with increasing duration of HIV infection. Although the greatest absolute risk of lymphoma was in the oldest age group, the relative increase compared with general population rates was 38-fold in subjects 10 to 39 years old and 12-fold in older subjects (P less than .05). The CD4+ T-lymphocyte levels for lymphoma cases were similar to HIV-positive subjects without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had been infected for the same length of time. The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma was increased 200-fold (95% CI, 20 to 700). The incidence of cancers other than non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma were not increased in the HIV-positive subjects (ratio of observed to expected cases, 0.9 [95% CI, 0.4 to 1.9]). The HIV-negative subjects had no significant increase in cancer incidence.HIV infection has restricted effects on cancer incidence that are only partly explained by immunosuppression. Paradoxically, improvements in therapy of HIV infection that prolong survival may lead to further increases in HIV-associated lymphoma.
Quantitative analysis of severe asthma exacerbation requiring continuous inhalation therapy by measurements of modified pulmonary index score
Authors: Takeshi Koga, Atsushi Itano, Eiji Morita, Yutaka Ueda, Kenichi Tokuyama
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

[Background]  Acute exacerbation of asthma is qualitatively classified as mild, moderate or severe. In Japanese guideline for pediatric asthma, continuous inhalation therapy (CIT) with isoproterenol is recommended for severe asthma exacerbation, in addition to systemic steroids.  [Aim]  We wanted to quantitatively analyze the severe asthma attack requiring CIT by measuring modified pulmonary index score (MPIS; Carroll et al, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2005;94:355-359), in which 6different categories were evaluated. Minimum and maximum scores in MPIS were 0 and 18, respectively.  [Methods]  The MPIS was measured in 87 asthmatic children hospitalized because of severe acute exacerbation (mean age: 5.0 yrs old). It was recorded on admission by physicians and, then, twice a day by nurses until discharge. In all subjects, systemic steroid was given, and, in some of them, CIT was started because of persistence of severe respiratory symptoms (n=30 ; CIT group).  [Results]  Inter-rater reliability of MPIS was high (physician to nurse; r=0.96,p  [Conclusion]  Measurements of MPIS would be useful in determining the degree of treatment during asthma exacerbation.
Abuse of medication during international football competition in 2010 – lesson not learned
Authors: Philippe Matthias Tscholl, Jiri Dvorak
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

The use of medication in professional football has previously been shown to defy clinical guidelines.Physicians of the teams who participated at the 2010 FIFA World Cup provided the list of medications used by each player within the 72 h preceding every match.During the tournament 71.7% of all players took medication, and 60.3% (444 of 736 players) took painkilling agents at least once. Over a third of players (39.0%) took a painkilling agent before every game. More medications were used during the finals than during the qualifying round of matches (pool games) (0.87±0.09 vs 0.77±0.03, p<0.01). Players from North and South America took almost twice the number of medications than did players from other continents (1.18±0.08 vs 0.64±0.03; p<0.01).The use of medication reported by the team physicians in international football competition is increasing. Systematic use - medication for every match - appeared to be the norm in certain teams. This has implications for player health. These data encourage efforts to better understand, and to address, this potential disastrous practice in professional sports.
Chemokine nitration prevents intratumoral infiltration of antigen-specific T cells
Authors: Barbara Molon, Stefano Ugel, Federica Del Pozzo, Cristiana Soldani, Serena Zilio, Debora Avella, Antonella De Palma, PierLuigi Mauri, Ana Monegal, Maria Rescigno, Benedetta Savino, Piergiuseppe Colombo, Nives Jonjic, Sanja Pecanic, Loretta Lazzarato, Roberta Fruttero, Alberto Gasco, Vincenzo Bronte, Antonella Viola
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Tumor-promoted constraints negatively affect cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) trafficking to the tumor core and, as a result, inhibit tumor killing. The production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) within the tumor microenvironment has been reported in mouse and human cancers. We describe a novel RNS-dependent posttranslational modification of chemokines that has a profound impact on leukocyte recruitment to mouse and human tumors. Intratumoral RNS production induces CCL2 chemokine nitration and hinders T cell infiltration, resulting in the trapping of tumor-specific T cells in the stroma that surrounds cancer cells. Preconditioning of the tumor microenvironment with novel drugs that inhibit CCL2 modification facilitates CTL invasion of the tumor, suggesting that these drugs may be effective in cancer immunotherapy. Our results unveil an unexpected mechanism of tumor evasion and introduce new avenues for cancer immunotherapy.
Signifying nothing? Myth and science of cruelty
Authors: Boris Kotchoubey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Nell proposes another myth about human aggression, following thousands of old myths from Homer to Lorenz. Like all myths, this one might be partially true and partially false. However, the use of emotional and propagandistic effects, rather than evaluation of empirical results, obscures any attempt to describe the truth about cruelty. It is … full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Macbeth , Act 5, Scene 5
Shifts in targeting of class switch recombination sites in mice that lack μ switch region tandem repeats or Msh2
Authors: Irene M. Min, Lisa R. Rothlein, Carol E. Schrader, Janet Stavnezer, Erik Selsing
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The mechanisms that target class switch recombination (CSR) to antibody gene switch (S) regions are unknown. Analyses of switch site locations in wild-type mice and in mice that lack the Sμ tandem repeats show shifts indicating that a 4–5-kb DNA domain (bounded upstream by the Iμ promoter) is accessible for switching independent of Sμ sequences. This CSR-accessible domain is reminiscent of the promoter-defined domains that target somatic hypermutation. Within the 4–5-kb CSR domain, the targeting of S site locations also depends on the Msh2 mismatch repair protein because Msh2-deficient mice show an increased focus of sites to the Sμ tandem repeat region. We propose that Msh2 affects S site location because sequences with few activation-induced cytidine deaminase targets generate mostly switch DNA cleavages that require Msh2-directed processing to allow CSR joining.
Downregulation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Rat Remnant Kidney
Authors: AGNES ROCZNIAK, JAMES N. FRYER, DAVID Z. LEVINE, KEVIN D. BURNS
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Chronic renal failure is associated with disturbances in nitric oxide (NO) production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) on expression of intrarenal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the rat. In normal rat kidney, nNOS protein was detected in the macula densa and in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells of the inner medullary collecting duct by both immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Western blot analysis revealed that 2 wk after 5/6 Nx, there were significant decreases in nNOS protein expression in renal cortex (sham: 95.42+/-15.60 versus 5/6 Nx: 47.55+/-12.78 arbitrary units, P<0.05, n = 4) and inner medulla (sham: 147.70+/-26.96 versus 5/6 Nx: 36.95+/-17.24 arbitrary units, P<0.005, n = 8). Losartan treatment was used to determine the role of angiotensin II (AngII) AT1 receptors in the inhibition of nNOS expression in 5/6 Nx. Losartan had no effect on the decreased expression of nNOS in the inner medulla, but partially increased nNOS protein expression in the cortex of 5/6 Nx rats. In contrast, in sham rats losartan significantly inhibited nNOS protein expression in the cortex (0.66+/-0.04-fold of sham values, P<0.05, n = 6) and inner medulla (0.74+/-0.12-fold of sham values, P<0.05, n = 6). nNOS mRNA was significantly decreased in cortex and inner medulla from 5/6 Nx rats, and the effects of losartan on nNOS mRNA paralleled those observed on nNOS protein expression. These data indicate that 5/6 Nx downregulates intrarenal nNOS mRNA and protein expression. In normal rats, AngII AT1 receptors exert a tonic stimulatory effect on expression of intrarenal nNOS. These findings suggest that the reduction in intrarenal nNOS expression in 5/6 Nx may play a role in contributing to hypertension and altered tubular transport responses in chronic renal failure.
Role of adenosine in ischemic preconditioning in rats depends critically on the duration of the stimulus and involves both A1 and A3 receptors
Authors: D Liem
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objectives: There is currently general agreement that adenosine is not involved in ischemic preconditioning (IP) in rat hearts. We hypothesized that the failure to show a role for adenosine is due to the use of brief preconditioning stimuli, and therefore investigated whether adenosine is involved when longer stimuli are employed and which receptor subtypes are involved. Methods and results: Infarct size (IS) was determined in anesthetized rats after 180 min of reperfusion (REP) following a 60-min coronary artery occlusion (CAO). IS was 69±2% (n=15) of the risk area in control rats and 45±2% (n=19; P<0.05) following IP by a single 15-min CAO. The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist SPT, which itself had no effect on IS (74±1%), blunted the protection by IP (IS=57±2%, P<0.05) in a dose of 2×5 mg/kg i.v., and abolished the protection (IS=70±1%) at 2×25 mg/kg i.v. Following IP by three cycles of 3-min CAO and 3-min REP, IS was 24±6% (P<0.05), which was not affected by SPT in doses of 2×10 and 2×25 mg/kg i.v. The A3 antagonist MRS-1191 (3.3 mg/kg, i.p.), which itself did not affect IS (70±2%), blunted the protection by IP with a 15-min CAO (IS=54±2%, P<0.05). When 2×5 mg/kg SPT (a dose selective for A1-receptors, as it did not affect the protection by the A3 selective agonist IB-MECA, 51±3%) and MRS 1191 were combined the protection by IP was abolished (IS=67±2%). Conclusions: Involvement of adenosine in IP in rats depends critically on the duration of the stimulus. Thus, whereas adenosine was not involved when stimuli of 3-min duration were employed, activation of both A1 and A3 receptors contributed when a stimulus of 15 min was used.
Reduction of TRAIL-Induced Mcl-1 and cIAP2 by c-Myc or Sorafenib Sensitizes Resistant Human Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Death
Authors: M. Stacey Ricci, Seok-Hyun Kim, Kazuhiro Ogi, John P. Plastaras, Jianhua Ling, Wenge Wang, Zhaoyu Jin, Yingqiu Y. Liu, David T. Dicker, Paul J. Chiao, Keith T. Flaherty, Charles D. Smith, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
A Compilation of Culture Media for the Cultivation of Microorganisms.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of Clinically Useful Cancer Prognostic Factors: What Are We Missing?
Authors: Lisa M. McShane, Douglas G. Altman, Willi Sauerbrei
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

The number of cancer prognostic markers that have been validated as clinically useful is pitifully small, despite decades of effort and money invested in marker research ( 1 – 3 ) . For nearly all markers, the product has been a collection of studies that are diffi cult to interpret because of inconsistencies in conclusions or a lack of comparability. Small, underpowered studies; poor study design; varying and sometimes inappropriate statistical analyses; and differences in assay methods or endpoint defi nitions are but a few of the explanations that have been offered for this disappointing state of affairs ( 4 – 11 ) . Researchers attempting to conduct meta-analyses of prognostic marker studies encounter many diffi culties ( 12 – 14 ) . In this issue of the Journal, a meta-analysis by Kyzas et al. ( 15 ) of the tumor suppressor protein TP53 as a prognostic factor in head and neck cancer provides compelling empirical evidence that selective reporting biases are a major impediment to conducting meaningful meta-analyses of prognostic marker studies. These biases have serious implications, not only for meta-analyses but also for interpretation of the cancer prognostic literature as a whole. Kyzas et al. demonstrate bias in the estimated association between TP53 status and mortality relating to a number of factors. The prognostic importance of TP53 decreased as the pool of included studies increased from published and indexed studies to any published studies, and then to the full set of all published and unpublished studies with retrievable data. In addition, when marker positivity defi nition and choice of clinical endpoint were retrospectively partly standardized across studies, there was a decrease in the overall estimated association compared with that obtained when each study used its preferred marker positivity criterion and endpoint. The authors are appropriately cautious in acknowledging that confi dence intervals for the estimates across the different analysis sets do overlap and that one cannot determine what might have been the effect of additional nonretrievable data on the observed trends. Nonetheless, we believe that this study provides the most compelling evidence yet that the published prognostic
Organotin compounds and their use for insect and mite control.
Authors: R C Hunter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

A brief overview of biological activity of organotin compounds is given, with emphasis on activity against plant-feeding arthropods. Plictran miticide, containing cyhexatin (tricyclohexylhydroxystannane), the first product to be fully commercialized for control of plant-feeding mites on a broad range of agricultural crops, is used as a model to indicate the chemistry and potential performance, phytotoxicity, residues, limitations on usage, environmental acceptability, and use patterns for products containing similar organotin compounds.
Pulmonary Infarcts Associated with Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: W. J. Hanbury, R. J. R. Cureton, G. Simon
Journal: Thorax (1954)

Clinically silent pulmonary infarcts may be large enough to cast a shadow on a chest radio- graph, and, unless the possibility of this type of lesion is borne in mind, serious errors in treatment may occasionally arise.We therefore present an account of 10 such cases, all associated with bron- chogenic carcinoma.Although pulmonary infarcts due to thrombo-embolism are fairly common, there is no reference in many of the standard textbooks to their occurrence in cases of bronchial carcinoma, and the literature contains few examples.Pallasse and Damez (1933) reported a case of pulmonary cancer with haemorrhagic pleurisy, pulmonary infarction, and acute pericarditis, and Monges, Poinso, and Lumbroso (1936) described the diagnostic difficulties of a case of primary cancer of the lung with an oval radiographic image corresponding to coexisting infarction.Another case of adenocarcinoma of the lung with pulmonary infarcts was reported from Massachusetts General Hospital (1946), when Mallory commented on the rarity of the association and on the fact that infarcts could result from constriction of the major blood vessels by tumour, apparently without recognizable arterial thrombosis.Apart from these reported cases, no other references to the subject were found in the recent literature.The 10 cases described in this paper were col- lected from a series of 100 cases of pneumon- ectomy performed for bronchogenic carcinoma, making an incidence of 10%.
Gastrointestinal somatostatin: extraction and radioimmunoassay in different species.
Authors: C McIntosh, R Arnold, E Bothe, H Becker, J Kobberling, W Creutzfeldt
Journal: Gut (1978)

A radioimmunoassay capable of detecting 300 fg somatostatin has been developed and levels of the polypeptide in gastrointestinal tissues from man, dog, and rat have been measured. Rapid freezing of collected samples and careful control of extraction is necessary. Concentrations in different regions of dog antrum (425 +/- 50 to 773 +/- 254 ng/g tissue) are similar to those in antrum from duodenal ulcer patients and control subjects: 614 +/- 125 and 465 +/- 104 ng/g tissue respectively. Levels in histologically normal human pancreas (253 +/- 43 ng/g tissue) are comparable with those in dog pancreas (333 +/- 66 ng/g tissue), whereas in two cases of neonatal hypoglycaemia the concentration exceeded 3000 ng/g tissue. On gel chromatography the majority of immunoreactive somatostatin elutes as the synthetic tetradecapeptide and a small fraction as a larger species.
T-bet Regulates Metastasis Rate in a Murine Model of Primary Prostate Cancer
Authors: Stanford L. Peng, Michael J. Townsend, Jonathan L. Hecht, Ian A. White, Laurie H. Glimcher
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The local progression of primary tumors is extrinsically controlled by type 1 immune responses, particularly via the cytokine IFN-γ, whose secretion is highly dependent on helper T cells. The T-box transcription factor T-bet (Tbx21) plays a critical role in the development of type 1 helper T cells and is essential for the production of IFN-γ. Here, the T-bet pathway in the autochthonous transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model is demonstrated to have only a modest effect on the characteristics of primary prostate cancers but rather exerts a significant suppressor function in the development of metastatic disease.
Advanced soft-tissue sarcoma in elderly patients: patterns of care and survival
Authors: D. Garbay, R.G. Maki, J.Y. Blay, N. Isambert, S. Piperno Neumann, C. Blay, E. Zanardi, P. Boudou-Rouquette, L. Bozec, F. Duffaud, F. Bertucci, A. Italiano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
From Rectangles to Triangles
Authors: Robin Fox
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

The diagrams opposite, taken from Professor Finaly's article on p. 437, illustrate two visions of palliative care. In the rectangle, palliative care begins only when attempts at cure have been abandoned. This was the model applied by Medicare in the USA for its hospice benefit: if a patient was to qualify, his or her doctor had to certify that life expectancy was six months or less, and the patient had to accept that only palliative care would be offered. Uptake under the scheme, introduced in 1983, was greatly limited by these two stipulations. Cancer was overrepresented among the beneficiaries, many of whom died soon after acceptance on the programme. In the UK, the hospice programme has likewise been criticized for an overemphasis on cancer, though not for admitting patients too late. A newer vision is represented by the triangle, in which palliative care merges seamlessly with attempts at cure. Though the label on this diagram says cancer, the principle applies to a multitude of other diseases. The whole of medicine needs to reflect upon good palliative care.​care.



Figure 1



This issue of the JRSM is entirely given over to material from a conference hosted by the RSM last December and sponsored by the Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services. With its focus on HIV/AIDS, I was originally doubtful about the interest of the papers to a multispecialty readership and planned to publish them as a supplement for limited distribution. But I came to think that, with many of the important ideas applicable across the specialties, the papers deserved the wider readership of the Journal proper. I leave it to Dr O'Neill and Professor Higginson to explain, on p. 429, the thinking behind the conference. The main conclusions can be found overleaf. For readers who like to start in the middle, I warmly recommend the article by Dr Hillier and Dr Wee on p. 468.
Fibrosing alveolitis in patients with RA
Authors: V Saravanan
Journal: Thorax (2002)

We read with interest the paper by Dawson et al 1 on the prevalence of fibrosing alveolitis (FA) diagnosed by HRCT scanning in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This well designed cross sectional study estimates the prevalence of FA at 19% in patients with RA irrespective of respiratory symptoms. This is in keeping with current literature and our earlier report of 20% in unselected patients with RA not suspected of having interstitial lung disease (ILD).2

However, neither of these studies has been sufficiently powered to assess a possible association of smoking with ILD. Smoking may adversely affect the outcome of ILD in RA and Saag et al 3 suggested that smoking was the most consistent independent predictor of ILD patterns in lung function tests and chest radiographs in RA. One of our previous studies4 reported a prevalence of ILD of only 5% on HRCT scanning in a cohort of 20 never smokers with RA, while Dawson et al reported a prevalence of …
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders: A Clinical Handbookedited by ClarkinJohn F., Ph.D., FonagyPeter, Ph.D., F.B.A., and GabbardGlen O., M.D. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2010, 507 pp., $72.00.
Authors: Kenneth Z. Altshuler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)