tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The urban brain: analysing outdoor physical activity with mobile EEG
Authors: Peter Aspinall, Panagiotis Mavros, Richard Coyne, Jenny Roe
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Researchers in environmental psychology, health studies and urban design are interested in the relationship between the environment, behaviour settings and emotions. In particular, happiness, or the presence of positive emotional mindsets, broadens an individual's thought-action repertoire with positive benefits to physical and intellectual activities, and to social and psychological resources. This occurs through play, exploration or similar activities. In addition, a body of restorative literature focuses on the potential benefits to emotional recovery from stress offered by green space and ‘soft fascination’. However, access to the cortical correlates of emotional states of a person actively engaged within an environment has not been possible until recently. This study investigates the use of mobile electroencephalography (EEG) as a method to record and analyse the emotional experience of a group of walkers in three types of urban environment including a green space setting. Methods Using Emotiv EPOC, a low-cost mobile EEG recorder, participants took part in a 25 min walk through three different areas of Edinburgh. The areas (of approximately equal length) were labelled zone 1 (urban shopping street), zone 2 (path through green space) and zone 3 (street in a busy commercial district). The equipment provided continuous recordings from five channels, labelled excitement (short-term), frustration, engagement, long-term excitement (or arousal) and meditation. Results A new form of high-dimensional correlated component logistic regression analysis showed evidence of lower frustration, engagement and arousal, and higher meditation when moving into the green space zone; and higher engagement when moving out of it. Conclusions Systematic differences in EEG recordings were found between three urban areas in line with restoration theory. This has implications for promoting urban green space as a mood-enhancing environment for walking or for other forms of physical or reflective activity.
Class II MHC Tetramer Guided Epitope Mapping (TGEM) Of E6/E2-Specific T-Cells in Patients with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP): Developing a Therapeutic Vaccine
Authors: V BONAGURA, E JAMES, J DEVOTI, D ROSENTHAL, L HATAM, B STEINBERG, A ABRAMSON, W KWOK
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Classification methods for the development of genomic signatures from high-dimensional data.
Authors: Hojin Moon, Hongshik Ahn, Ralph L Kodell, Chien-Ju Lin, Songjoon Baek, James J Chen
Journal: Genome biology (2006)

Personalized medicine is defined by the use of genomic signatures of patients to assign effective therapies. We present Classification by Ensembles from Random Partitions (CERP) for class prediction and apply CERP to genomic data on leukemia patients and to genomic data with several clinical variables on breast cancer patients. CERP performs consistently well compared to the other classification algorithms. The predictive accuracy can be improved by adding some relevant clinical/histopathological measurements to the genomic data.
Phospho-Serine-118 Estrogen Receptor-α Detection in Human Breast Tumors <b> <i>in Vivo</i> </b>
Authors: Leigh Murphy, Tracy Cherlet, Adewale Adeyinka, Yulian Niu, Linda Snell, Peter Watson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether estrogen receptor (ER)-α specifically phosphorylated at Ser118 is detectable in multiple human breast cancer biopsy samples. To gain insight into possible roles for P-Ser118-ERα in human breast cancer in vivo. Experimental Design: A specific antibody for P-Ser118-ERα was validated for immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot analysis confirmed IHC results. IHC was used to determine the relationship of P-Ser118-ERα to known prognostic markers and active mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; erk1/2) expression. Results: P-Ser118-ERα was significantly correlated with the expression of total ER, determined by ligand binding assay (r = 0.442, P = 0.002), but not with progesterone receptor expression or nodal status. P-Ser118-ERα was inversely correlated with histological grade (r = −0.34, P = 0.023), reflecting a similar trend for total ER (r = −0.287, P = 0.056). Categorical contingency analysis confirmed that P-Ser118-ERα was more frequently associated with lower than higher grade breast tumors (P = 0.038). In addition P-Ser118-ERα was significantly associated with detection of active MAPK (Erk1/2; Spearman r = 0.649, P &amp;lt; 0.0001; Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.0004). Conclusions: P-Ser118-ERα detection is associated with a more differentiated phenotype and other markers of good prognosis in human breast cancer. P-Ser118-ERα is correlated with active MAPK in human breast tumor biopsies, suggesting the possibility that active MAPK either directly or indirectly has a role in the regulation of P-Ser118-ERα expression in vivo. These data provide evidence for a role of P-Ser118-ERα in human breast cancer in vivo.
Economic evaluation of the use of PCR assay in diagnosing pulmonary TB in a low-incidence area
Authors: I. Rajalahti, E‐L. Ruokonen, T. Kotomäki, H. Sintonen, M.M. Nieminen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

To determine whether polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in the initial diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is cost-effective in a low-prevalence population, an economic evaluation was carried out between the smear and culture (NOPCR) and smear, culture and PCR (+PCR) strategies. A decision tree model based on retrospective laboratory data was developed to assess the strategies of testing patients with suspicion of TB. Direct healthcare costs prior to confirmation of TB or nontuberculous mycobacteria by PCR or culture were included. Effectiveness was measured by the probability of correct treatment and isolation decisions. In the baseline situation NOPCR costs 29.50 less than the +PCR strategy per patient tested. According to sensitivity analyses, reducing PCR test price, shortening test performance time or increasing the proportion of smear-positive patients in the tested population would contribute to cost savings with the +PCR strategy. Routine polymerase chain reaction testing of all specimens from suspected tuberculosis patients in a low-prevalence population was not cost-saving. When the polymerase chain reaction assay was applied only to smear-positive sputum specimens, the smear and culture strategy was clearly dominated by it, i.e. the polymerase chain reaction smear-positive sputum strategy was less costly and more effective in producing correct treatment decisions and isolations.
Effects of inhaled steroids on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction and gas trapping in mild asthma
Authors: A. Corsico, R. Pellegrino, M.C. Zoia, L. Barbano, V Brusasco, I Cerveri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

According to a recent hypothesis, airway smooth muscle regulates airway calibre mostly at high lung volume, whereas the mucosa and adventitia dimensions dominate at low lung volumes. It was thought that if inhaled steroids decrease the thickness of airway wall in asthma, then forced vital capacity (FVC), which reflects the functional changes at low lung volume, should decrease less during induced bronchoconstriction than flow at high volume. The study was conducted in 31 mild asthmatics under control conditions and during a methacholine challenge before and after 4-weeks treatment with inhaled fluticasone dipropionate (1.5 mg daily, 16 patients) or placebo (15 patients). After fluticasone dipropionate treatment, control forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and maximal flow at 50% of control FVC during forced expiration after a maximal (V9max,50) and a partial inspiration (V9p,50) significantly increased. During methacholine challenge, FVC decreased less than did FEV1 or V9max,50, and so did inspiratory vital capacity compared to V9p,50. Both the provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 and the bronchodilator effect of deep inhalation significantly increased. The latter was assessed by means of the regression coefficient of all V9max,50 plotted against V9p,50. No significant changes in these parameters occurred after placebo. These data show that inhaled steroids remarkably blunt the occurrence of gas trapping during induced bronchoconstriction in mild bronchial asthma, possibly due to their effect on airway wall remodelling.
Helicobacter pylori associated gastric B cell MALT lymphoma: predictive factors for regression
Authors: A MORGNER
Journal: Gut (2001)

See article on page 297 

Experimental data have extended the knowledge of the mere association of gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and infection with Helicobacter pylori. The acquisition of MALT in the stomach is a direct consequence of the infection; thus MALT in the stomach is formed as an immunological defence system to control local infection caused by H pylori. Lymphomas arising from gastric MALT show several specific features: they arise from the marginal zone of the lymphoid follicle, they consist of centrocyte-like cells, and lymphoepithelial destruction must be present in order to establish the diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma.1 2 The genetic events that lead to clonal evolution and, finally, malignant transformation also show that MALT lymphomas have specific features not known from nodal lymphomas—for example, the translocation t(11;18). Data concerning other genetic events like rearrangements of oncogenes such as bcl-2 (translocation t(14;18) in follicular lymphoma), c-my (translocation t(8;14) in Burkitt's lymphoma), or bcl-l (translocation t(11;14) in small cell lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) have not been reported to be significantly associated with gastric MALT lymphoma. Furthermore, numerical chromosomal abnormalities—that is, trisomy 3, 7, or 12—have not been reported to be consistently involved in the cases analysed.3-7 In contrast, the translocation t(11;18) has been associated with marginal zone B cell lymphomas. Ott et al reported that up to 40% of low grade MALT lymphomas of different mucosal sites showed the translocation t(11;18)(q2l;q2l).8 The recently identified genes involved in this translocation APJ2 (apoptosis inhibitor gene 2 on chromosome 11) and MLT (MALT lymphoma translocation gene on chromosome 18) have not been fully functionally classified.9 10 It has been reported that lymphomas responding to H pylori therapy are t(11;18) negative,11 thus this translocation may be associated with more advanced disease. In keeping with these data, Dierlamm …
Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis and Epilepsy: The Status of the Association
Authors: P Sachdev
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: Current knowledge of the relationship between epilepsy and schizophrenia-like psychosis is examined, and the proposed pathogenetic mechanisms are evaluated. METHOD: The author provides an overview of the published literature on epilepsy and schizophrenia-like psychosis. RESULTS: The schizophrenia-like psychoses of epilepsy are inadequately categorized by the current classifications. Their categorization into ictal, postictal, and interictal psychoses is clinically useful, but it does not imply distinct pathophysiology for each. The recent interest in postictal psychoses has opened an important avenue for research. Brief interictal psychoses, involving alternation between epilepsy and psychosis and accompanied by forced normalization, are uncommon. Many aspects of the relationship with chronic interictal psychosis remain controversial. The majority of investigators support a special but not exclusive relationship with mediobasal temporal lobe epilepsy, and left temporal bias receives only limited support. The chronic psychosis resembles schizophrenia phenomenologically. Some suggested risk factors are severe and intractable epilepsy, epilepsy of early onset, secondary generalization of seizures, certain anticonvulsant drugs, and temporal lobectomy. Different neuropathological studies suggest the presence of cortical dysgenesis or diffuse brain damage. CONCLUSIONS: There are many mechanisms by which epilepsy may be associated with schizophrenia-like psychosis. It is likely that structural brain abnormalities, e.g., cortical dysgenesis or diffuse brain lesions, underlie both epilepsy and psychosis, and that the seizures modify the presentation of the psychosis, and vice versa, thus producing a clinical picture of both an affinity and an antagonism between the two disorders.
Costs and yield of a 15-month preparticipation cardiovascular examination with ECG in 1070 young athletes in Switzerland: implications for routine ECG screening
Authors: Andrea Menafoglio, Marcello Di Valentino, Jeanne-Marie Segatto, Patrick Siragusa, Reto Pezzoli, Mattia Maggi, Gian Antonio Romano, Giorgio Moschovitis, Matthias Wilhelm, Augusto Gallino
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

The usefulness and modalities of cardiovascular screening in young athletes remain controversial, particularly concerning the role of 12-lead ECG. One of the reasons refers to the presumed false-positive ECGs requiring additional examinations and higher costs. Our study aimed to assess the total costs and yield of a preparticipation cardiovascular examination with ECG in young athletes in Switzerland.Athletes aged 14-35 years were examined according to the 2005 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) protocol. ECGs were interpreted based on the 2010 ESC-adapted recommendations. The costs of the overall screening programme until diagnosis were calculated according to Swiss medical rates.A total of 1070 athletes were examined (75% men, 19.7±6.3 years) over a 15-month period. Among them, 67 (6.3%) required further examinations: 14 (1.3%) due to medical history, 15 (1.4%) due to physical examination and 42 (3.9%) because of abnormal ECG findings. A previously unknown cardiac abnormality was established in 11 athletes (1.0%). In four athletes (0.4%), the abnormality may potentially lead to sudden cardiac death and all of them were identified by ECG alone. The cost was 157,464 Swiss francs (CHF) for the overall programme, CHF147 per athlete and CHF14,315 per finding.Cardiovascular preparticipation examination in young athletes using modern and athlete-specific criteria for interpreting ECG is feasible in Switzerland at reasonable cost. ECG alone is used to detect all potentially lethal cardiac diseases. The results of our study support the inclusion of ECG in routine preparticipation screening.
Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: T. Soligard, G. Myklebust, K. Steffen, I. Holme, H. Silvers, M. Bizzini, A. Junge, J. Dvorak, R. Bahr, T. E. Andersen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Objective To examine the effect of a comprehensive warm-up programme designed to reduce the risk of injuries in female youth football. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial with clubs as the unit of randomisation. Setting 125 football clubs from the south, east, and middle of Norway (65 clusters in the intervention group; 60 in the control group) followed for one league season (eight months). Participants 1892 female players aged 13-17 (1055 players in the intervention group; 837 players in the control group). Intervention A comprehensive warm-up programme to improve strength, awareness, and neuromuscular control during static and dynamic movements. Main outcome measure Injuries to the lower extremity (foot, ankle, lower leg, knee, thigh, groin, and hip). Results During one season, 264 players had relevant injuries: 121 players in the intervention group and 143 in the control group (rate ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 1.03). In the intervention group there was a significantly lower risk of injuries overall (0.68, 0.48 to 0.98), overuse injuries (0.47, 0.26 to 0.85), and severe injuries (0.55, 0.36 to 0.83). Conclusion Though the primary outcome of reduction in lower extremity injury did not reach significance, the risk of severe injuries, overuse injuries, and injuries overall was reduced. This indicates that a structured warm-up programme can prevent injuries in young female football players. Trial registration [ISRCTN10306290][1]. [1]: /external-ref?link_type=ISRCTN&access_num=ISRCTN10306290
Circulating von Willebrand factor in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: T R Stevens, J P James, N J Simmonds, D A McCarthy, I F Laurenson, P J Maddison, D S Rampton
Journal: Gut (1992)

Raised circulating von Willebrand factor is a recognised marker of vascular injury. To evaluate the role of vascular injury in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, serum von Willebrand factor in Crohn9s disease, ulcerative colitis, confirmed bacterial diarrhoea, and healthy subjects was measured. von Willebrand factor values were raised in 9/14 patients (p = 0.007) with active Crohn9s disease, 15/28 (p = 0.0004) with inactive Crohn9s disease, 16/23 (p = 0.0003) with active ulcerative colitis, 9/27 (p = 0.04) with inactive ulcerative colitis, and 15/17 (p = 0.0001) patients with bacterial diarrhoea. Serum von Willebrand factor was unrelated to disease activity in Crohn9s disease but was significantly raised in active (p = 0.02) compared with inactive ulcerative colitis. In contrast to controls, the detection of von Willebrand factor from inflammatory bowel disease sera and that from fractured endothelial cells was significantly inhibited by the reducing agent, dithiothreitol, suggesting the presence of an additional dithiothreitol sensitive form of the molecule derived from injured endothelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease. That serum von Willebrand factor is raised in quiescent as well as active Crohn9s disease is compatible with the proposal that vascular injury is a fundamental abnormality in this disorder. The raised von Willebrand factor values in active inflammatory bowel disease and bacterial diarrhoea could be caused by either vascular injury, occurring secondary to bowel inflammation, or to an acute phase response resulting from endothelial cell stimulation by mediators released during the inflammatory process. Raised circulating von Willebrand factor could contribute to the increased risk of thrombosis associated with active inflammatory bowel disease.
Quercetin promotes degradation of survivin and thereby enhances death-receptor–mediated apoptosis in glioma cells
Authors: Markus D. Siegelin, David E. Reuss, Antje Habel, Abdelhaq Rami, Andreas von Deimling
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

The flavonoid quercetin has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, whereas it has no effect on nonneoplastic cells. U87-MG, U251, A172, LN229, and U373 malignant glioma cells were treated with quercetin (50–200 μM). Quercetin did not cause cytotoxicity 24 h after treatment. Combining quercetin with tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) strongly augmented TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in U87-MG, U251, A172, and LN229 glioma cells; U373 cells could not be sensitized by quercetin to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. TRAIL-induced apoptosis was enhanced by quercetin-induced reduction of survivin protein levels. Upon treatment with quercetin, the protein level of survivin was strongly suppressed in U87-MG, U251, and A172 but not in U373 glioma cells. Quercetin exposure resulted in proteasomal degradation of survivin. TRAIL-quercetin–induced apoptosis was markedly reduced by overexpression of survivin. In addition, upon treatment with quercetin, downregulation of survivin was also regulated by the Akt pathway. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that quercetin sensitizes glioma cells to death-receptor–mediated apoptosis by suppression of inhibitor of the apoptosis protein survivin.
Reduced angiogenic responses in adult endoglin heterozygous mice
Authors: M JERKIC, A RODRIGUEZBARBERO, M PRIETO, M TOPORSIAN, M PERICACHO, J RIVASELENA, J OBREO, A WANG, F PEREZBARRIOCANAL, M AREVALO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objective: To determine if angiogenesis is altered in adult Endoglin heterozygous (Eng+/−) mice, the animal model for the vascular disorder hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1).
One-Year Results of Intravitreal Aflibercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Akiko Yamamoto, Annabelle A. Okada, Mariko Kano, Hideki Koizumi, Masaaki Saito, Ichiro Maruko, Tetsuju Sekiryu, Tomohiro Iida
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Evaluation of Promoter Hypermethylation Detection in Body Fluids as a Screening/Diagnosis Tool for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: André Lopes Carvalho, Carmen Jeronimo, Michael M. Kim, Rui Henrique, Zhe Zhang, Mohammad O. Hoque, Steve Chang, Mariana Brait, Chetan S. Nayak, Wei-Wen Jiang, Quia Claybourne, Yutaka Tokumaru, Juna Lee, David Goldenberg, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Steven Goodman, Chul-so Moon, Wayne Koch, William H. Westra, David Sidransky, Joseph A. Califano
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate aberrant promoter hypermethylation of candidate tumor suppressor genes as a means to detect epigenetic alterations specific to solid tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Experimental Design: Using promoter regions identified via a candidate gene and discovery approach, we evaluated the ability of an expanded panel of CpG-rich promoters known to be differentially hypermethylated in HNSCC in detection of promoter hypermethylation in serum and salivary rinses associated with HNSCC. We did preliminary evaluation via quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP) using a panel of 21 genes in a limited cohort of patients with HNSCC and normal controls. Using sensitivity and specificity for individual markers as criteria, we selected panels of eight and six genes, respectively, for use in salivary rinse and serum detection and tested these in an expanded cohort including up to 211 patients with HNSCC and 527 normal controls. Results: Marker panels in salivary rinses showed improved detection when compared with single markers, including a panel with 35% sensitivity and 90% specificity and a panel with 85% sensitivity and 30% specificity. A similar pattern was noted in serum panels, including a panel with 84.5% specificity with 50.0% sensitivity and a panel with sensitivity of 81.0% with specificity of 43.5%. We also noted that serum and salivary rinse compartments showed a differential pattern of methylation in normal subjects that influenced the utility of individual markers. Conclusions: Q-MSP detection of HNSCC in serum and salivary rinses using multiple targets offers improved performance when compared with single markers. Compartment-specific methylation in normal subjects affects the utility of Q-MSP detection strategies.