tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychotherapy
Authors: A. Key, C. Dare
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Psychotherapy is the deliberate activity of establishing and using the therapeutic relationship as effectively as possible for the benefit of the patient, and there is now a large variety of methods of psychotherapy and many psychological treatments. Doctors are as unenlightened as the population at large if they consider that psychotherapy lies exclusively within the domain of psychiatrists and professionals in related disciplines. They are also wrong if they think it is an arcane skill of doubtful provenance. All practice benefits from careful attention to the relationship: training in, acquiring, or improving on psychotherapy skills is a useful addition to any doctor's expertise, regardless of specialty. Despite public and professional ambivalence about the subject, doctors sometimes want to learn the art of psychotherapy.

Providing a brief summary of the subject is difficult, as there is such a wide range of activities included within the definition. We focus on the training opportunities and processes for doctors wanting to go beyond the everyday levels of skills that they require in general training, and on some of the experiences of those who have. An NHS review of psychotherapy services provided a useful framework and identified three levels of psychotherapeutic activity(1):

Type A - Psychological treatment as one component of a programme of health care, for example, supportive counselling

Type B - Counselling and eclectic psychological treatments, such as cognitive behavioural psychotherapy

Type C - Formal psychotherapies, such as psychoanalysis.

We concentrate on type B and C skills of formal psychotherapy.

Consultant psychotherapists in the NHS have general psychiatric training and have the MRCPsych. As specialist registrars in psychotherapy, they are trained in assessment and treatment in the NHS setting. This means concentrating on two or three …
PAPEL DE LA ECOENDOSCOPIA EN LA PANCREATITIS CRÓNICA. NUESTRA EXPERIENCIA
Authors: P De La Torre Rubio, JG Martínez Cara, E Redondo Cerezo, M López De Hierro, J De Teresa Galván
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introducción: La PC es un proceso inflamatorio crónico, progresivo y benigno, que se puede asociar a una gran variedad de complicaciones, y que resulta de la interacción de múltiples factores de riesgo. Objetivos: Análisis descriptivo de los datos ecoendoscópicos y complicaciones de las pancreatitis crónicas (PC) diagnosticadas en nuestro servicio, mediante ultrasonografía endoscópica (USE). Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, en el que se seleccionaron aquellos pacientes diagnosticados de PC por USE en nuestro servicio entre Enero de 2011 y Junio de 2012. Se analizaron los datos ecoendoscópicos y la eventual presencia de complicaciones derivadas de la enfermedad. Resultados: De un total de 615 USE realizadas en nuestra Unidad en ese período, un 13.1% fueron diagnósticas de PC (86 pacientes). La edad media fue de 55,15 años, y un 70.9% eran varones. Un 46.5% eran fumadores, y un 43% con hábito enólico reconocido. Para el diagnóstico de PC, se evaluaron los criterios presentes en la clasificación clásica (Wiersema) y en la de Rosemont. – Clasificación clásica (número de criterios ecoendoscópicos de pancreatitis crónica): – Pacientes con: (3 – 4 criterios: 53.5%/5 – 7 criterios: 39.5%/> 8 criterios: 7%). – Criterios diagnósticos de Rosemont: – Pacientes con hallazgos (- Indeterminados para PC: 37.2%; – Sugestivos de PC: 26.8%; – Consistentes para PC: 36%). Un 69% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones locales identificadas por USE: Calcificaciones: 45.8%. Tumor pancreático: 18.6%. Pseudoquistes: 16.8%. Estenosis duodenal: 6.8%. Trombosis del eje portoesplénico: 5%. Pseudoaneurisma: 3.5%. Estenosis biliar: 3.5%. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de la USE la ha convertido en la técnica de elección para el diagnóstico de patología pancreática. En nuestra experiencia, la clasificación de Rosemont se muestra superior en el diagnóstico de pacientes con elevada sospecha de pancreatitis crónica que presentan menos de 4 criterios clásicos.
Intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation: are we optimizing the management of cardiogenic shock?
Authors: F Shahid, M Akhtar, F Khan, Caa Chahal
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

Intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation (IABPC) has been used in various forms for decades. The change in physiology brought about by their use is conceptually appealing in managing cardiogenic shock and mechanical complications of myocardial infarction. A common myth is that this method of managing acute cardiological emergencies is to be limited to the realms of this specialist field. However, as medical physicians an appreciation and understanding of this novel therapy is essential not only as a lifesaving measure but also as a bridging therapy to more definitive management in the acute medical setting. IABPC is a safe and under-utilized technique despite featuring in all major international guidelines (ESC and ACC) for the management of cardiogenic shock secondary to acute coronary syndromes. Without awareness of this intervention we may be suboptimally managing patients in the first instance. To improve awareness we examine the evidence supporting the use of the IABPC therapy and the contraindications to their use. Complications and advances in technology are also addressed.
Abstract 2413: Human glypican-3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi, Thu L. Trinh, Chen Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most important cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be an important biological process involved in the development and progression of HCC. The factors driving this process, however, are still largely unclear. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is upregulated in HCC and this is associated with poor prognosis. The details of the biological role of GPC3 in HCC are, however, yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that GPC3 may promote HCC progression by inducing EMT. In this study we have examined the effect of human GPC3 in the progression of HCC using a murine HCC cell line (1MEA) derived from Balb/c mouse. We observed that the 1MEA cell line does not express GPC3 and we stably transfected human GPC3 into this cell line. 1MEA cells stably transfected with human glypican-3 (1MEAhGPC3) were then transplanted subcutaneously into 8 Balb/c mice. In comparison, wild type 1MEA was also transplanted into 8 separate Balb/c mice. Further, we performed a comparative analysis of the gene expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, collagen I, fibronectin, twist, slug and snail in both wild type 1MEA and 1MEAhGPC3. 18 days post-transplantation, tumor volume was analyzed. 5 mice transplanted with wild type 1MEA had not yet developed tumors whereas 3 mice transplanted with 1MEAhGPC3 developed tumors that had grown past the allowed tumor volume for the protocol and were sacrificed. Analysis of the remaining mice (3 transplanted with 1MEA and 5 with 1MEAhGPC3 revealed that tumors from 1MEA were 8-fold more voluminous than tumors from 1MEAhGPC3. Comparative analysis of the gene expression profile of 1MEA versus 1MEAhGPC3 revealed that transfection with hGPC3 had resulted in increased expression of mesenchymal markers (collagen I by 27.5-fold, fibronectin by 18-fold, vimentin by 3-fold), loss of epithelial marker (E-cadherin loss by 99%) and increased expression of transcriptional regulators of EMT (twist by 11.7-fold, slug by 148-fold and snail by 8.7-fold).These data clearly show that hGPC3 promotes HCC progression by inducing EMT in HCC cells. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence that hGPC3's role in HCC is associated with induction of EMT and it suggests that therapeutic targeting of GPC3 in human HCC may be an effective approach to the treatment of advanced HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2413. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2413
NFκB1 is essential to prevent the development of multiorgan autoimmunity by limiting IL-6 production in follicular B cells
Authors: Elisha de Valle, George Grigoriadis, Lorraine A. O’Reilly, Simon N. Willis, Mhairi J. Maxwell, Lynn M. Corcoran, Evelyn Tsantikos, Jasper K.S. Cornish, Kirsten A. Fairfax, Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar, Mark A. Febbraio, Margaret L. Hibbs, Marc Pellegrini, Ashish Banerjee, Philip D. Hodgkin, Axel Kallies, Fabienne Mackay, Andreas Strasser, Steve Gerondakis, Raffi Gugasyan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

We examined the role of NFκB1 in the homeostasis and function of peripheral follicular (Fo) B cells. Aging mice lacking NFκB1 (Nfκb1−/−) develop lymphoproliferative and multiorgan autoimmune disease attributed in large part to the deregulated activity of Nfκb1−/− Fo B cells that produce excessive levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). Despite enhanced germinal center (GC) B cell differentiation, the formation of GC structures was severely disrupted in the Nfκb1−/− mice. Bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that the Fo B cell–intrinsic loss of NFκB1 led to the spontaneous generation of GC B cells. This was primarily the result of an increase in IL-6 levels, which promotes the differentiation of Fo helper CD4+ T cells and acts in an autocrine manner to reduce antigen receptor and toll-like receptor activation thresholds in a population of proliferating IgM+ Nfκb1−/− Fo B cells. We demonstrate that p50-NFκB1 represses Il-6 transcription in Fo B cells, with the loss of NFκB1 also resulting in the uncontrolled RELA-driven transcription of Il-6. Collectively, our findings identify a previously unrecognized role for NFκB1 in preventing multiorgan autoimmunity through its negative regulation of Il-6 gene expression in Fo B cells.
Treatment Costs Warrant Closer Look In Clinical Trials
Authors: C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Treatment Costs Warrant Closer Look In Clinical Trials Get access Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 12, 17 June 1992, Pages 918–920, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.12.918 Published: 17 June 1992
1971-1991: Clinical Trials Evolve To Become Rigorous Scientific Testing Ground
Authors: H. McIntosh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article 1971–1991: Clinical Trials Evolve To Become Rigorous Scientific Testing Ground Get access Hugh McIntosh Hugh McIntosh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 10, 15 May 1991, Pages 668–670, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.10.668 Published: 15 May 1991
Molecular cytogenetic characterization and clinical relevance of additional, complex and/or variant chromosome abnormalities in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: L Xu, W-L Zhao, S-M Xiong, X-Y Su, M Zhao, C Wang, Y-R Gao, C Niu, Q Cao, B-W Gu, Y-M Zhu, J Gu, J Hu, H Yan, Z-X Shen, Z Chen, S-J Chen
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
Mesh erosion after vertical-banded gastroplasty
Authors: Chi-Ming Tai, I-Chang Lin, Chih-Kun Huang
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 33-year-old man underwent vertical-banded gastroplasty (VBG) for the management of morbid obesity 10 years ago and achieved significant weight loss. He visited our outpatient clinic for epigastric pain that had persisted for the past 6 months. He also had an episode of melena which occurred 1 month before presentation. On arrival, his physical examination was unremarkable except for mild tenderness on palpation in the epigastric area. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed part of the gastroplasty mesh eroding into the stomach ([Fig. 1]), and abdominal computed tomography revealed interruption of the mesh with intraluminal protrusion ([Fig. 2]). Laparoscopy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of VBG with mesh erosion. The mesh was removed and the VBG was converted to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Follow-up after 8 months showed the postoperative course to have been uneventful.
Economic impact study: neuromuscular training reduces the burden of injuries and costs compared to standard warm-up in youth soccer
Authors: Deborah A Marshall, Elena Lopatina, Sarah Lacny, Carolyn A Emery
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Background There is randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence that neuromuscular training (NMT) programmes can reduce the risk of injury in youth soccer. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of such an NMT prevention strategy compared to a standard of practice warm-up. Methods A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted alongside a cluster RCT. Injury incidence rates were adjusted for cluster using Poisson regression analyses. Direct healthcare costs and injury incidence proportions were adjusted for cluster using bootstrapping. The joint uncertainty surrounding the cost and injury rate and proportion differences was estimated using bootstrapping with 10 000 replicates. Results Along with a 38% reduction in injury risk (rate difference=−1.27/1000 player hours (95% CI −0.33 to −2.2)), healthcare costs were reduced by 43% in the NMT group (−$689/1000 player hours (95% CI −$1741 to $234)) compared with the control group. 90% of the bootstrapped ratios were in the south-west quadrant of the cost-effectiveness plane, showing that the NMT programme was dominant (more effective and less costly) over standard warm-up. Projecting results onto 58 100 Alberta youth soccer players, an estimated 4965 injuries and over $2.7 million in healthcare costs would be conservatively avoided in one season with implementation of a neuromuscular training prevention programme. Conclusions Implementation of an NMT prevention programme in youth soccer is effective in reducing the burden of injury and leads to considerable reduction in costs. These findings inform practice and policy supporting the implementation of NMT prevention strategies in youth soccer nationally and internationally.
S64 Changes in physiological phenotypes of -1-antitrypsin deficiency with time
Authors: H. Ward, M. R. Miller, R. A. Stockley
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), even due to α-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD), is recognised as having distinct radiological, physiological and clinical phenotypes. Little is known about disease progression in physiologically defined phenotypes.1 We have identified a subgroup of patients with a reduced FEV<sub>1</sub> but normal gas transfer determined by the lower limit of normal (LLN), that is, with standardised residual (SR) value &lt;−1.645. The current abstract reports the progression of these physiological measures with time in this subgroup. <h3>Methods</h3> 533 patients with A1AD were studied of whom 43 had isolated FEV<sub>1</sub> abnormality at baseline and also had ≥3 years of complete annual follow-up data. These patients were followed for a mean of 5.9 (2.2 SD) years. Of these, 22 remained with isolated FEV<sub>1</sub> abnormality (Group A) whereas 21 had developed evidence of a reduced K,co deficiency (Group B). Group A and B data at baseline and at last follow-up were compared—see Abstract S64 Table 1. <h3>Results</h3> There were no differences in FEV<sub>1</sub>, smoking, age or sex distribution between the groups. At baseline mean K,co SR was worse in Group B compared to Group A. However, Group A had significantly worse total Saint George9s Respiratory questionnaire score (SGRQ) at baseline. K,co SR significantly deteriorated in both groups during follow-up (p&lt;0.001 in both cases) but this was not true for FEV<sub>1</sub> SR. Group B had a significantly faster decline in K,co than Group A (p=0.005) resulting in all values falling below the LLN. <h3>Conclusion</h3> About half of the A1AD patients with an isolated FEV<sub>1</sub> abnormality at baseline have a decline in K,co faster than expected. Whether exacerbations, treatment or emphysema distribution relates to faster decline remains to be determined.
PWE-098 Mechanisms the Underlying Development of Chronic Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Defining the Role of the Rage Pathway Using Computational and Biological Analysis Strategies
Authors: M Bramhall, N Han, R Haggart, J Wilson, A Brass, S Cruickshank
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with an estimated annual cost to the NHS of £720 million. Patients typically present with established disease and this makes it difficult to determine the underlying aetiology: knowledge that would aid early diagnosis and treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> To better define factors underlying the development of IBD that might be used as diagnostic aids for treatment/prevention of IBD we have analysed the early immune response in mice that will develop colitis using a validated infection model of colitis. Microarray analyses of colon tissue were conducted using the Puma and Tigre packages for Bioconductor to determine gene expression and investigate the transcription factor pathways involved. <h3>Results</h3> Microarray analysis identified an early and rapid increase in expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in colitic prone (susceptible) mice. In contrast, mice that clear the infection (resistant mice) had no increase in RAGE. In addition, the transcription factor analysis revealed a downregulation of colitic protective factors in the RAGE signalling pathway. Immunohistochemistry data showed high RAGE expression in the gut epithelium prior to the onset of colitis. Previous work from our group has shown that epithelial cells promote dendritic cell recruitment associated with resistance and clearance of parasite infection. In the colitis model, infection also induced the rapid recruitment of macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) into the gut and lymph nodes in resistant mice but not susceptible mice. By day 31 post-infection, resistant mice had resolved the infection and inflammation whereas susceptible mice had significantly higher immune cell accumulation and colitis. Current work is addressing the expression of RAGE blocking ligands and the regulation of RAGE in the guts of resistant and susceptible mice. <h3>Conclusion</h3> RAGE has been associated with chronic IBD in patients however our data implicates RAGE in the development and propagation of IBD. We propose that the RAGE pathway is an early indicator of IBD and may be useful therapeutically and in determining efficacy of IBD therapy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> M. Bramhall Grant/Research Support from: Epistem Ltd., N. Han: None Declared, R. Haggart: None Declared, J. Wilson: None Declared, A. Brass: None Declared, S. Cruickshank: None Declared.
Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
Authors: James O. Kahn, Bruce D. Walker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a transient symptomatic illness associated with high-titer HIV-1 replication and a robust and expansive immunologic response to the invading pathogen. From 40 to 90 percent of new HIV-1 infections are associated with symptomatic illness. This syndrome is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, since HIV-1 antibodies are usually not detected during the early phase of infection. The diagnosis of acute HIV-1 infection requires a high index of clinical suspicion and correct use of specific diagnostic laboratory tests. Accurate early diagnosis is now particularly important because of the potential clinical benefit of early antiretroviral . . .
Dreaming is not controlled by hippocampal mechanisms
Authors: Mark Solms
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Links with the Humanities are to be welcomed, but they cannot be exempted from normal scientific criteria. Any hypothesis regarding the function of dreams that is premised on rapid eye movement (REM)/dream isomorphism is unsupportable on empirical grounds. Llewellyn's hypothesis has the further problem of counter-evidence in respect of its claim that dreaming relies upon hippocampal functions. The hypothesis also lacks face validity.
Abstract 502: Cytokeratin staining for complete remission in rectal cancer after chemoradiation
Authors: Yong Beom Cho, Hee Cheol Kim, Hae Ran Yun, Seok Hyung Kim, Hee Jeong Shin, Seong Hyeon Yun, Woo Yong Lee, Ho-Kyung Chun
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Generally, pathologic complete remission (CR) of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is confirmed by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H &amp; E) staining. The aim of this study was to identify residual rectal cancer cells in primary lesions in patients with pathologic CR by staining immunohistochemically for cytokeratin. Methods: The medical records of 358 rectal cancer patients that underwent neoadjuvant CRT prior to radical surgery between October 2002 and August 2007 were reviewed. The authors stained sections of resected specimens of the 58 (15.9%) patients (42 males; mean age 54 years) that achieved pathologic CR (as determined originally by H&amp;E staining) with H&amp;E and performed IHC using monoclonal cytokeratin antibody. These stained sections were then reviewed by a pathologist for residual rectal cancer cells. Results: Of the 58 patients that achieved CR by initial pathologic examinations, 8 (13.8%) were found to contain tumor by cytokeratin IHC. Our H&amp;E study in these 8, revealed that 6 were positive for cancer cells, but that the remaining 2, were negative for residual rectal cancer cells. Conclusion: By better enabling the identification of residual rectal cancer cells cytokeratin IHC offers a means of improving staging accuracy, and thus, would be use to provide information for actual prognosis and treatment decision making of patients who had clinically CR in rectal cancer after CRT. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 502.
P698 CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER 2 YEARS FOLLOW-UP IN A COHORT OF EUROPEAN UNTREATED HEPATITIS B (HBV) INFECTED PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL STUDY (ALBATROS STUDY)
Authors: V. Knop, J. Vermehren, H. Wedemeyer, M. Cornberg, J. Petersen, S. Mauss, D. Hüppe, M. Rausch, M. Sprinzl, T. Welzel, D. Fitting, S. Susser, C. Füller, S. Zeuzem, C. Sarrazin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
1320 SERUM OSTEOCALCIN LEVEL IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE, NEW DEVELOPMENT AND REGRESSION OF ULTRASONOGRAPHICALLY DETECTED FATTY LIVER IN AGED WOMEN
Authors: Y.W. Min, D.H. Sinn, Z.W. Park, G.-Y. Gwak, H.N. Park, J.E. Kim, Y.J. Kim, Y.-H. Paik, M.S. Choi, J.H. Lee, K.C. Koh, S.W. Paik, B.C. Yoo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)