tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is sclerosant injection mandatory after an epinephrine injection for arrest of peptic ulcer haemorrhage? A prospective, randomised, comparative study.
Authors: H J Lin, C L Perng, S D Lee
Journal: Gut (1993)

A prospective, randomised, comparative study was performed to assess the need for a pure alcohol injection after an epinephrine injection in the arrest of active peptic ulcer bleeding. Sixty four patients with active ulcer bleeding were enrolled in the study. The two groups (epinephrine and epinephrine plus pure alcohol) were matched for sex, age, site of bleed, endoscopic findings, shock, haemoglobin, and concomitant illness at randomisation. The volume of injected epinephrine in the epinephrine and the epinephrine plus pure alcohol groups mean (SD) was 6.0 (3.0) ml and 5.5 (3.0) ml respectively (p &gt; 0.05). The volume of injected pure alcohol in the epinephrine plus pure alcohol group was 1.9 (1.1) ml. Bleeding was initially controlled in 31 (97%) of the epinephrine group and all of the epinephrine plus pure alcohol group. Rebleeding occurred in 11 (36%) of the epinephrine group and in five (16%) of the epinephrine plus pure alcohol group (p &gt; 0.05). Rebleeding was successfully controlled in some patients with treatment by a second injection. Other patients had heat probe thermocoagulation or surgery. Ultimate haemostatic rates were 69% (22/32) and 88% (28/32) for the epinephrine and the epinephrine plus pure alcohol groups respectively (p &gt; 0.05). The epinephrine plus pure alcohol group achieved a better haemostatic effect for spurting haemorrhage (9/10 v 5/11, p &lt; 0.05). The need for emergency operations and blood transfusions were comparable in both groups. The stay in hospital were less in the epinephrine plus pure alcohol group (mean 4.3 v 7.1, p &lt; 0.05). It is concluded that pure alcohol injection after an epinephrine injection can improve the haemostatic rate in patients with spurting haemorrhage and shorten the hospital stay for patients with active bleeding.
Calcemic Activity of 19-Nor-1,25(OH)2D2 Decreases with Duration of Treatment
Authors: ALEX J. BROWN, JANE FINCH, FUMIAKI TAKAHASHI, EDUARDO SLATOPOLSKY
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. 19-Nor-1,25(OH) 2 D 2 (19-norD 2 ) has been shown to suppress parathyroid hormone effectively, but with lower calcemic activity than 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . The present study investigated potential mechanisms to explain the reduced calcemic response to 19-norD 2 . Tissue localization of [ 3 H]19-norD 2 or[ 3 H]1,25(OH) 2 D 3 after a single injection was not different. Intestinal calcium absorption and bone mobilization, measured in vitamin D-deficient rats 24 h after single injections of 60 or 600 pmol of 19-norD 2 or 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , were enhanced to a similar degree by the two compounds. However, when normal rats were treated every other day with 240 pmol of 19-norD 2 or 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , increases in serum calcium were identical 24 h after the first injection but diverged thereafter with significantly lower serum calcium in the 19-norD 2 -treated rats by 5 d. Intestinal calcium absorption and bone calcium mobilization were reassessed in vitamin D-deficient rats after seven daily injections of 600 pmol of 19-norD 2 or 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , and both parameters were significantly lower in the 19-norD 2 -treated rats. Pharmacokinetic analysis after seven daily injections of 600 pmol of 19-norD 2 or 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 showed similar localization to the intestine and bone. In addition, intestinal vitamin D receptor levels were not different after 1 wk of treatment with 19-norD 2 or 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . In conclusion, the low calcemic activity of 19-norD 2 seems to be due to an acquired, postreceptor resistance of the intestine and bone to chronic treatment with the analog.
Recommendations for Clinical Trials of Off-Label Drugs Used to Treat Advanced-Stage Cancer
Authors: C. Daniel Mullins, Russ Montgomery, Amy P. Abernethy, Arif Hussain, Steven D. Pearson, Sean Tunis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose To provide recommendations to trialists and sponsors that guide the design and implementation of prospective postapproval clinical trials for oncology drugs used outside US Food and Drug Administration–labeled indications for treatment of late-stage cancers. Methods A meeting was hosted by the Center for Medical Technology Policy in Baltimore, MD, on November 12, 2009. Discussions during the meeting and key informant interviews were conducted before and after this stakeholder meeting. Peer review by multidisciplinary stakeholders was followed by a public comment period. Input was received from patient advocacy groups, medical oncologists, pharmaceutical companies, the US Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the National Cancer Institute, foreign government agencies involved in health technology assessment, public and private payers, drug compendia, clinical research entities, statisticians, academics, and the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Results To address the needs of patients and their clinical providers, compendia, payers, and policy makers, recommendations are proposed to guide the design of future prospective trials for off-label use of oncology drugs across four areas: trial design and data analysis, patient and site recruitment, comparators, and outcomes. Conclusion The US Food and Drug Administration provides guidance to the pharmaceutical industry and others designing randomized clinical trials for regulatory approval. However, a gap exists for postregulatory decision makers, including patients, prescribers, and payers, because regulatory trials do not answer the questions most relevant to them. Therefore, guidance is needed for trials performed in the postapproval environment for these postapproval decision makers.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Palliative Prognostic Score in Hospitalized Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Paul A. Glare, Steffen Eychmueller, Patrick McMahon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To evaluate the predictive accuracy of the Palliative Prognostic (PaP) score in patients with advanced cancer under the care of an oncologist.The PaP score was calculated in 100 consecutive patients with advanced cancer hospitalized under the care of a medical or radiation oncologist at a university teaching hospital in Australia. The attending oncologist predicted the survival duration for the purpose of the scoring. The positive predictive value of the PaP score was evaluated. Survival analysis was performed to compare the survival of the three prognostic groups.Assessable survival data were available for 98 patients. The overall median survival was 12 weeks (interquartile range, 7 to 25 weeks). The PaP score divided the heterogeneous patient sample into three isoprognostic groups related to the chance of surviving 1 month, with 64 patients in group A (> 70% chance), 32 patients in group B (30% to 70% chance), and four patients in group C (< 30% chance). The estimated median survival of the three groups was 17 weeks (95% CI, 12 to 26 weeks), 7 weeks (95% CI, 4 to 12 weeks), and less than 1 week (95% CI, < 1 to 3 weeks), respectively. These survival differences were highly significant (log-rank test of trend, chi1(2) = 25.65; P < .0001). The 1-month survival of the groups was 97%, 59%, and 25%, respectively.When oncologists' survival estimates are used, the PaP score is able to identify accurately three isoprognostic patient groups, irrespective of the cancer type. The PaP score may help reduce the uncertainty of formulating a prognosis in patients with advanced cancer.
Patterns of care in Dutch postmenopausal patients with hormone-sensitive early breast cancer participating in the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial
Authors: J.G.H. van Nes, C. Seynaeve, E. Maartense, R.M.H. Roumen, R.S. de Jong, L.V.A.M. Beex, W.M. Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg, H. Putter, J.W.R. Nortier, C.J.H. van de Velde
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Congenital dermal sinus with intracranial dermoid cyst
Authors: H. SAITO, R. OGONUKI, A. YANADORI, S. YAMAZAKI, M. NAGAI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Congenital dermal sinus with intracranial dermoid cyst Get access H. SAITO, H. SAITO Departments of Dermatology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321–02, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. OGONUKI, R. OGONUKI Departments of Dermatology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321–02, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. YANADORI, A. YANADORI Departments of Dermatology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321–02, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. YAMAZAKI, S. YAMAZAKI Departments of Dermatology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321–02, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. NAGAI M. NAGAI Departments of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321–02, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 2, 1 February 1994, Pages 235–237, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02907.x Published: 01 February 1994 Article history Accepted: 22 June 1993 Published: 01 February 1994
Biomaterial bridges enable regeneration and re-entry of corticospinal tract axons into the caudal spinal cord after SCI: Association with recovery of forelimb function
Authors: Kiran Pawar, Brian J. Cummings, Aline Thomas, Lonnie D. Shea, Ariel Levine, Sam Pfaff, Aileen J. Anderson
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
BDCA-2, a Novel Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell–specific Type II C-type Lectin, Mediates Antigen Capture and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Interferon α/β Induction
Authors: Andrzej Dzionek, Yoshiaki Sohma, Jun Nagafune, Marina Cella, Marco Colonna, Fabio Facchetti, Gritt Günther, Ian Johnston, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Tomoko Nagasaka, Tsutomu Okada, William Vermi, Gregor Winkels, Terumi Yamamoto, Monika Zysk, Yasunori Yamaguchi, Jürgen Schmitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are present in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissue and contribute substantially to both innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, we have described several monoclonal antibodies that recognize a plasmacytoid dendritic cell-specific antigen, which we have termed BDCA-2. Molecular cloning of BDCA-2 revealed that BDCA-2 is a novel type II C-type lectin, which shows 50.7% sequence identity at the amino acid level to its putative murine ortholog, the murine dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin 2. Anti-BDCA-2 monoclonal antibodies are rapidly internalized and efficiently presented to T cells, indicating that BDCA-2 could play a role in ligand internalization and presentation. Furthermore, ligation of BDCA-2 potently suppresses induction of interferon alpha/beta production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, presumably by a mechanism dependent on calcium mobilization and protein-tyrosine phosphorylation by src-family protein-tyrosine kinases. Inasmuch as production of interferon alpha/beta by plasmacytoid dendritic cells is considered to be a major pathophysiological factor in systemic lupus erythematosus, triggering of BDCA-2 should be evaluated as therapeutic strategy for blocking production of interferon alpha/beta in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Nodal-Stage Classification in Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma: Influence of Different Interpretations of the pTNM Classification
Authors: Carolien H.M. van Deurzen, Gabor Cserni, Simonetta Bianchi, Vania Vezzosi, Riccardo Arisio, Jelle Wesseling, Martin Asslaber, Maria P. Foschini, Anna Sapino, Isabella Castellano, Grace Callagy, Daniel Faverly, Maria-Dolores Martin-Martinez, Cecily Quinn, Isabel Amendoeira, Janina Kulka, Angelika Reiner-Concin, Alicia Cordoba, Cornelis A. Seldenrijk, Paul J. van Diest
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

PURPOSE Application of current nodal status classification is complicated in lobular breast carcinoma metastases. The aim of this study was to define the optimal interpretation of the pTNM classification in sentinel node (SN) -positive patients to select patients with limited or with a high risk of non-SN involvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS SN metastases of 392 patients with lobular breast carcinoma were reclassified according to interpretations of the European Working Group for Breast Screening Pathology (EWGBSP) and guidelines by Turner et al, and the predictive power for non-SN involvement was assessed. Results Reclassification according to definitions of EWGBSP and Turner et al resulted in different pN classification in 73 patients (19%). The rate of non-SN involvement in the 40 patients with isolated tumor cells according to Turner et al and with micrometastases according to EWGBSP was 20%, which is comparable to the established rate for micrometastases. The rate of non-SN involvement in the 29 patients with micrometastases according to Turner et al and with macrometastases according to EWGBSP was 48%, which is comparable to the established rate for macrometastases. Therefore, the EWGBSP method to classify SN tumor load better reflected the risk of non-SN involvement than the Turner et al system. CONCLUSION Compared with the guidelines by Turner et al, the EWGBSP definitions better reflect SN metastatic tumor load and allow better differentiation between patients with lobular breast carcinoma who have a limited or a high risk of non-SN metastases. Therefore, we suggest using the EWGBSP definitions in these patients to select high-risk patients who may benefit from additional local and/or systemic therapy.
SARS coronavirus: a new challenge for prevention and therapy
Authors: Kathryn V. Holmes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

A new and deadly clinical syndrome now called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was brought to the attention of the WHO by Dr. Carlo Urbani and his colleagues in a Vietnamese hospital in February 2003 (1). The WHO, the medical staffs in hospitals where the disease had appeared, and local and regional governments, together with a dozen cooperating laboratories across the globe, immediately responded. They provided a provisional case definition to identify the extent and geographic distribution of the outbreak (2), laboratory investigations to identify the infectious agent, and travel advisories and quarantines to limit the spread of the disease (3, 4). This extraordinary and effective collaboration limited the potentially explosive spread of the outbreak, while initial case reports with clinical and epidemiological information were quickly posted on the Internet to help physicians identify additional cases of the new syndrome (2, 4–9). The press and scientific journals played valuable roles in rapidly distributing accurate information about SARS to the frightened public and making key scientific publications about SARS available via the Internet before they could appear in print. A stroke of good fortune in this crisis was the discovery that a novel virus could be readily isolated from patients’ lungs and sputum and cultivated in a monkey kidney cell line (8, 10, 11). Laboratory investigations using electron microscopy, virus-discovery microarrays containing conserved nucleotide sequences characteristic of many virus families, randomly primed RT-PCR, and serological tests quickly identified the virus as a new coronavirus (8, 10, 11). Inoculation of monkeys with the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) caused interstitial pneumonia resembling SARS, and the virus was isolated from the nose and throat (12). No viral or bacterial copathogen was needed to induce the disease. These experiments fulfilled Koch’s postulates and proved that SARS-CoV is the cause of SARS.
A PET Study Evaluating Dopamine D<sub>2</sub> Receptor Occupancy for Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone
Authors: Gary Remington, David Mamo, Alain Labelle, Jeffrey Reiss, Chekkera Shammi, Erik Mannaert, Steve Mann, Shitij Kapur
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

OBJECTIVE: Long-acting injectable risperidone represents the first clinically available depot atypical antipsychotic. The present study used positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate its dopamine D2 binding profile at doses of 25, 50, or 75 mg administered every 2 weeks. METHOD: After achieving stabilization with one of the doses, nine patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder underwent [11C]raclopride PET to measure D2 occupancy. Participants were scanned twice during the 2-week injection interval: within 3 days after injection (postinjection) and within 5 days before the next injection (preinjection). At the same time, plasma was collected for measurements of risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone. RESULTS: Mean post- and preinjection D2 occupancy levels for the 25-, 50-, and 75-mg doses were 71.0% and 54.0%, 74.4% and 65.4%, and 81.5% and 75.0%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between dose and plasma concentrations of risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone, and the estimated plasma concentration associated with 50% D2 occupancy (ED50) was 11.06 ng/ml. Prolactin levels were not correlated with drug levels or D2 occupancy. CONCLUSIONS: All three doses of injectable risperidone showed peak D2 occupancy levels above the 65% threshold associated with optimal clinical response; the 75-mg dose approximated the 80% threshold linked to increased risk of extrapyramidal symptoms. Doses of 25 or 50 mg should provide therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms.
Oncostatin M Is Elevated In Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Decreases Barrier Function In Human Airway Epithelium
Authors: Kathryn L. Pothoven, James Norton, Christopher Ocampo, Lydia Suh, Roderick Carter, Kathryn E. Hulse, Sudarshan Seshadri, Bruce K. Tan, Rakesh Chandra, Anju T. Peters, Kathleen E. Harris, David Conley, Leslie C. Grammer, Robert C. Kern, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Stress (Heat Shock) Proteins
Authors: Ivor J. Benjamin, D. Randy McMillan
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —How a cell responds to stress is a central problem in cardiovascular biology. Diverse physiological stresses (eg, heat, hemodynamics, mutant proteins, and oxidative injury) produce multiple changes in a cell that ultimately affect protein structures and function. Cells from different phyla initiate a cascade of events that engage essential proteins, the molecular chaperones, in decisions to repair or degrade damaged proteins as a defense strategy to ensure survival. Accumulative evidence indicates that molecular chaperones such as the heat shock family of stress proteins (HSPs) actively participate in an array of cellular processes, including cytoprotection. The versatility of the ubiquitous HSP family is further enhanced by stress-inducible regulatory networks, both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In the present review, we discuss the regulation and function of HSP chaperones and their clinical significance in conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, vascular wall injury, cardiac surgery, ischemic preconditioning, aging, and, conceivably, mutations in genes encoding contractile proteins and ion channels.
Unusual Sites of Metastatic Malignancy
Authors: Raffaele Longo, David Mocini, Massimo Santini, Paride Giannantoni, Guido Carillio, Francesco Torino, Antonio Auriti, Roberto Marcello, Giovanna Lanzi, Francesco Cortese, Giampietro Gasparini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)
Notch1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in a Model of K-ras–Induced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Linda Hanlon, Jacqueline L. Avila, Renée M. Demarest, Scott Troutman, Megan Allen, Francesca Ratti, Anil K. Rustgi, Ben Z. Stanger, Fred Radtke, Volkan Adsay, Fenella Long, Anthony J. Capobianco, Joseph L. Kissil
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract K-ras is the most commonly mutated oncogene in pancreatic cancer and its activation in murine models is sufficient to recapitulate the spectrum of lesions seen in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent studies suggest that Notch receptor signaling becomes reactivated in a subset of PDACs, leading to the hypothesis that Notch1 functions as an oncogene in this setting. To determine whether Notch1 is required for K-ras–induced tumorigenesis, we used a mouse model in which an oncogenic allele of K-ras is activated and Notch1 is deleted simultaneously in the pancreas. Unexpectedly, the loss of Notch1 in this model resulted in increased tumor incidence and progression, implying that Notch1 can function as a tumor suppressor gene in PDAC. Cancer Res; 70(11); 4280–6. ©2010 AACR.
Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits in Adult Women With Eating Disorders: Defining a Broader Eating Disorder Phenotype
Authors: Marija Brecelj Anderluh, Kate Tchanturia, Sophia Rabe-Hesketh, Janet Treasure
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: The authors retrospectively examined a spectrum of childhood traits that reflect obsessive-compulsive personality in adult women with eating disorders and assessed the predictive value of the traits for the development of eating disorders. METHOD: In a case-control design, 44 women with anorexia nervosa, 28 women with bulimia nervosa, and 28 healthy female comparison subjects were assessed with an interview instrument that asked them to recall whether they had experienced various types of childhood behavior suggesting traits associated with obsessive-compulsive personality. The subjects also completed a self-report inventory of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. RESULTS: Childhood obsessive-compulsive personality traits showed a high predictive value for development of eating disorders, with the estimated odds ratio for eating disorders increasing by a factor of 6.9 for every additional trait present. Subjects with eating disorders who reported perfectionism and rigidity in childhood had significantly higher rates of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and OCD comorbidity later in life, compared with eating disorder subjects who did not report those traits. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood traits reflecting obsessive-compulsive personality appear to be important risk factors for the development of eating disorders and may represent markers of a broader phenotype for a specific subgroup of patients with anorexia nervosa.