tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Further Observations on the Gastro-oesophageal Junction
Authors: B. Creamer, G. K. Harrison, J. W. Pierce
Journal: Thorax (1959)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Caring professions attend to the health, educational and social needs of society rather than its material needs. Caring professionals are a vital part of the world’s response to COVID-19, yet the global pandemic and its aftermath have significantly changed the ways in which care is provided. The rapid pivot to remote care, where the essential caring cues and opportunities are not as readily available, has put unprecedented pressure on caring professions. There is currently a lack of clear understanding and accepted standards for teaching caring profession students how to provide care remotely. The objective of this systematic review is to identify and assess the ways in which educators can integrate online learning opportunities to help students develop effective caring practices and translate these into today’s remote and virtual care environments. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> This systematic review will consider diverse quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies of innovative online education initiatives and required technology for caring profession education. Articles will be retrieved from academic databases and limited to articles reporting primary data and published in English within the last 10 years. Data extraction procedures will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. The methodological quality of all studies will be assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool and/or the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Study characteristics will be tabulated and narratively synthesised to integrate and explore relationships within the data. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> No ethics approval is required to conduct this review. Review findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and be used to inform and guide caring profession education policy, practice and research agendas with the goal of improving education for caring profession students, and care for the patients, clients and learners they serve.
Methods for obtaining specimens from the nasal mucosa for morphological and biochemical analysis
Authors: U Pipkorn, G Karlsson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

The nose is the part of the airway system which is most easily accessible for morphological and pathophysiological evaluation of changes occurring as a response to various stimuli. During recent years several new atraumatic techniques for harvesting cells for morphological and biochemical analysis have been introduced, in addition to the more well known surgical biopsy procedures and nasal smears. Such techniques include nasal lavage, scrapings from the nasal mucosa, brush techniques and imprints. Several of these techniques allow repeated samplings, obtaining quantitative as well as qualitative information as to the cells present on the surface of, as well as within, the epithelial lining of the nasal mucosa. Some techniques provide the investigator with a method for obtaining information on the cellular content of certain biochemical markers such as histamine. The present review describes the merits and disadvantages of the old and new methods and provides guidelines as to when each method should be considered.
UNDERLYING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE POTENTIATES THE ANTIARRHYTHMIC EFFICACY OF DOFETILIDE ON ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Venkata V. Bavikati, J. Ryan Jordan, Pankaj Manocha, Jonathan J. Langberg, Richard N. Vest, Heather L. Bloom, Michael S. Lloyd
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The value of dynamic hepatic scintigraphy and serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen for early detection of methotrexate-induced hepatic damage in psoriasis patients
Authors: R. J. VANDOOREN-GREEBE, A. L. A. KUIJPERS, W. C. A. M. BUIJS, P. H. M. KNIEST, F. H. M. CORSTENS, F. M. NAGENGASTS, Th. DE BOO, J. L. WILLEMS, P. DULLER, P. C. M. VAN DE KERKHOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Oral methotrexate (MTX) is a highly effective drug for the treatment of severe psoriasis. A limitation of this treatment is its potential hepatotoxicity. In the present prospective study the value of dynamic hepatic scintigraphy (DHS) and serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) were investigated as screening methods for early detection of MTX-induced hepatic damage. These relatively non-invasive procedures were compared with the liver biopsy classification, until now the gold standard to assess MTX-induced liver damage. Twenty-five MTX patients were studied. The mean cumulative MTX dose was 3.9 g (range 0.2-11.1 g). Twenty-one patients had a normal liver histology (grade I), three patients had steatosis (grade II), and one patient mild fibrosis (grade IIIA). Seven additional patients with non-MTX related hepatic cirrhosis were included as disease controls. DHS showed a clear-cut separation between the portal contribution of the MTX patients with grade I liver histology, and that of all other patients. A portal contribution larger than 52% was associated with a > 95% chance of normal liver histology. If this cut-off value had been used to postpone the liver biopsy, this would have resulted in at least a 55% reduction in the number of biopsies in patients with a normal liver histology. DHS appeared to be very promising as a screening test to differentiate between the presence or absence of MTX-induced hepatic damage, but appeared not suitable to grade the severity of hepatic damage. Although a global relationship was demonstrated between serum PIIINP concentration and hepatic damage, single measurements in individual patients were not reliable. The combination of PIIINP measurements with DHS had only a limited additional value above DHS alone. The present study indicates that DHS has great promise for the detection of early MTX-induced hepatic damage. Pending further studies, regular liver biopsies remain mandatory for the safe prolonged use of MTX in psoriasis patients.
In defence of Atos
Authors: M. J. O'Donnell
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In response to your two articles,1 2 Professor Harrington has examined the work capability assessment in two extensive reviews. All recommendations made to Atos Healthcare in the first review have been implemented. We are now working with the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) to implement those made in the second review.

In his second review, Harrington examined LiMA, …
Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Mordchai Ravid
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

The accelerated progression of atherosclerosis in diabetes is most probably the end result of the cumulative impact of the major risk factors that are more prevalent in diabetic subjects, namely obesity and dyslipidemia, the derangement in carbohydrate metabolism (hyperglycemic environment, hyperinsulinism, and insulin resistance), a prothrombotic tendency, and, perhaps most important, microalbuminuria and hypertension (1–5). At least two additional cardiovascular risk factors are probably more pronounced in diabetes; they are endothelial dysfunction (6) and an inflammatory reaction in the affected blood vessels mediated by the proinflammatory interleukins and expressed by elevated levels of C-reactive protein (7).

Microalbuminuria is often the first clinical manifestation of early microvascular derangement. In type 2 diabetes, it is the hallmark of subsequent diabetic nephropathy and a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease and increased cardiovascular mortality (8). Furthermore, the presence of microalbuminuria predicts a worse outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention. The 2-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria was increased by 85% compared with individuals with normal urinary albumin excretion (9). Microalbuminuria is associated with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and identifies overall cardiovascular risk also in hypertensive nondiabetic patients (10,11). It is therefore mandatory to screen all diabetic as well as nondiabetic hypertensive patients for the presence of microalbuminuria. Indeed, all the relevant professional associations have included annual screening for microalbuminuria in their recommendations (12,13). Treatment strategies aimed at reducing urinary albumin excretion were found to be effective in retarding the progression of renal disease, as manifested by prolongation of the time to doubling of serum creatinine and postponement of end-stage renal disease and the need to renal replacement therapy (14–17).

Furthermore, the magnitude of early decline in albuminuria in response to a given therapeutic intervention is a reliable predictor …
Four New Avian Mitochondrial Genomes Help Get to Basic Evolutionary Questions in the Late Cretaceous
Authors: G.L. Harrison, Patricia McLenachan, Matthew Phillips, Kerryn Slack, Alan Cooper, David Penny
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Good phylogenetic trees are required to test hypotheses about evolutionary processes. We report four new avian mitochondrial genomes, which together with an improved method of phylogenetic analysis for vertebrate mt genomes give results for three questions in avian evolution. The new mt genomes are: magpie goose (Anseranas semipalmata), an owl (morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae); a basal passerine (rifleman, or New Zealand wren, Acanthisitta chloris); and a parrot (kakapo or owl-parrot, Strigops habroptilus). The magpie goose provides an important new calibration point for avian evolution because the well-studied Presbyornis fossils are on the lineage to ducks and geese, after the separation of the magpie goose. We find, as with other animal mitochondrial genomes, that RY-coding is helpful in adjusting for biases between pyrimidines and between purines. When RY-coding is used at third positions of the codon, the root occurs between paleognath and neognath birds (as expected from morphological and nuclear data). In addition, passerines form a relatively old group in Neoaves, and many modern avian lineages diverged during the Cretaceous. Although many aspects of the avian tree are stable, additional taxon sampling is required.
New Oral Anticoagulants and the Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Saurav Chatterjee, Partha Sardar, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Dharam J. Kumbhani
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Randomized studies have shown a decreased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) with use of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). However, it is unclear whether the magnitude of benefit is similar for all NOACs currently available. <h3>Objective</h3> To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the rates of ICH within the framework of both conventional and Bayesian statistics. <h3>Data Sources</h3> The MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and EBSCO databases, supplemented with conference abstracts, were searched up to December 1, 2012, with no language restriction. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Randomized trials comparing NOACs vs a comparator and reporting on ICH events. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> The NOACs were pooled to perform a comparison with all comparators and among themselves in both traditional frequentist and Bayesian random-effects models using vague priors and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with Gibbs sampling, calculating pooled odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals as well as numbers needed to treat and 95% credible intervals for the Bayesian analysis. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Intracranial hemorrhage events associated with NOACs in comparison with comparators, expressed as odds ratios. <h3>Results</h3> Six studies (1 administering dabigatran etexilate mesylate, 2 administering rivaroxaban, and 3 administering apixaban) enrolling a total of 57 491 patients were included for analysis. The NOACs significantly reduced the risk of ICH against all comparators (odds ratio = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36-0.65). Each of the 3 drugs reduced the risk of ICH, with Bayesian indirect comparison analysis not revealing a significant credible difference between the specific medications. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Novel oral anticoagulants are uniformly associated with an overall reduced risk of ICH when used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Any of the currently available NOACs can be considered first line for patients at high risk for ICH.
The intrahepatic biliary epithelium in the guinea pig: Is hepatic artery blood flow essential in maintaining its function and structure?
Authors: Nicola Tavoloni, Fenton Schaffner
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

To determine whether hepatic artery blood flow is essential in maintaining the function and structure of bile ductules/ducts, the acute effects of hepatic artery ligation on bile secretion and hepatic ultrastructure were examined in anesthetized, bile duct–cannulated guinea pigs. Sixty minutes after hepatic artery ligation, spontaneous bile flow (5.08 + 0.4 μl per min per gm liver) was virtually the same as that before hepatic artery ligation (5.31 + 0.3 μl per min per gm), as were the choleretic effects of 10 CU per kg per 30 min secretin (7.14 + 0.9 vs. 7.21 + 0.9 μl per min per gm), 300 μg per kg per 30 min glucagon (6.72 + 0.9 vs. 6.59 + 0.8 μl per min per gm) and 60 μmoles per kg per 30 min glycochenodeoxycholate (6.43 + 0.6 vs. 6.45 + 0.6 μl per min per gm). The failure of hepatic artery ligation to affect bile secretory function could not be attributed to the existence of collateral arterial blood flow to the liver. First of all, hepatic artery ligation resulted in diminishing significantly hepatic venous, but not portal, oxygen content. More importantly, in isolated guinea pig livers, perfused through the portal vein alone, secretin, glucagon and glycochenodeoxycholate produced changes in bile flow and composition similar to those seen in vivo. Electron microscopy showed no major ultrastructural changes of hepatic parenchyma and biliary epithelium 2 hr after hepatic artery ligation, or 2 hr after perfusing the liver through the portal vein alone save for some portal edema in the latter instance. Failure to perfuse the hepatic artery resulted in dilatation of periportal bile canaliculi, but no evidence of anoxia was observed. These studies indicate that, in the guinea pig, the intrahepatic biliary epithelium receives oxygen in absence of hepatic artery perfusion. Thus, manipulation of hepatic vascular anatomy is not useful for separating canalicular from ductular function.
Mixed chimerism induced without lethal conditioning prevents T cell– and anti-Galα1,3Gal–mediated graft rejection
Authors: Hideki Ohdan, Yong-Guang Yang, Akira Shimizu, Kirsten G. Swenson, Megan Sykes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Galα1,3Gal–reactive (Gal-reactive) antibodies are a major impediment to pig-to-human xenotransplantation. We investigated the potential to induce tolerance of anti-Gal–producing cells and prevent rejection of vascularized grafts in the combination of α1,3-galactosyltransferase wild-type (GalT+/+) and deficient (GalT–/–) mice. Allogeneic (H-2 mismatched) GalT+/+ bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to GalT–/– mice conditioned with a nonmyeloablative regimen, consisting of depleting CD4 and CD8 mAb's and 3 Gy whole-body irradiation and 7 Gy thymic irradiation, led to lasting multilineage H-2bxdGalT+/+ + H-2dGalT–/– mixed chimerism. Induction of mixed chimerism was associated with a rapid reduction of serum anti-Gal naturally occurring antibody levels. Anti-Gal–producing cells were undetectable by 2 weeks after BMT, suggesting that anti-Gal–producing cells preexisting at the time of BMT are rapidly tolerized. Even after immunization with Gal-bearing xenogeneic cells, mixed chimeras were devoid of anti-Gal–producing cells and permanently accepted donor-type GalT+/+ heart grafts (>150 days), whereas non-BMT control animals rejected these hearts within 1–7 days. B cells bearing receptors for Gal were completely absent from the spleens of mixed chimeras, suggesting that clonal deletion and/or receptor editing may maintain B-cell tolerance to Gal. These findings demonstrate the principle that induction of mixed hematopoietic chimerism with a potentially relevant nonmyeloablative regimen can simultaneously lead to tolerance among both T cells and Gal-reactive B cells, thus preventing vascularized xenograft rejection.
Arteriogenic Therapy by Intramyocardial Sustained Delivery of a Novel Growth Factor Combination Prevents Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Sébastien Banquet, Elodie Gomez, Lionel Nicol, Florence Edwards-Lévy, Jean-Paul Henry, Renhai Cao, Damien Schapman, Brigitte Dautreaux, Francoise Lallemand, Fabrice Bauer, Yihai Cao, Christian Thuillez, Paul Mulder, Vincent Richard, Ebba Brakenhielm
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. We aimed to improve proangiogenic therapies by identifying novel arteriogenic growth factor combinations, developing injectable delivery systems for spatiotemporally controlled growth factor release, and evaluating functional consequences of targeted intramyocardial growth factor delivery in chronic heart failure.First, we observed that fibroblast growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor synergistically stimulate vascular cell migration and proliferation in vitro. Using 2 in vivo angiogenesis assays (n=5 mice per group), we found that the growth factor combination results in a more potent and durable angiogenic response than either growth factor used alone. Furthermore, we determined that the molecular mechanisms involve potentiation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways, as well as upregulation of angiogenic growth factor receptors. Next, we developed crosslinked albumin-alginate microcapsules that sequentially release fibroblast growth factor-2 and hepatocyte growth factor. Finally, in a rat model of chronic heart failure induced by coronary ligation (n=14 to 15 rats per group), we found that intramyocardial slow release of fibroblast growth factor-2 with hepatocyte growth factor potently stimulates angiogenesis and arteriogenesis and prevents cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, as determined by immunohistochemistry, leading to improved cardiac perfusion after 3 months, as shown by magnetic resonance imaging. These multiple beneficial effects resulted in reduced adverse cardiac remodeling and improved left ventricular function, as revealed by echocardiography.Our data showing the selective advantage of using fibroblast growth factor-2 together with hepatocyte growth factor suggest that this growth factor combination may constitute an efficient novel treatment for chronic heart failure.
Genetic Polymorphisms of MTHFR and GSTP1 is Associated with Chemotherapy Related Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: N.M. Svergun, N.M. Khranovska, L.A. Syvak, H.O. Gubareva, S.A. Lialkin, A.V. Askolskyy, N.M. Maidanevych
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Release of colony-stimulating activity from thymus-derived lymphocytes.
Authors: F W Ruscetti, P A Chervenick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Colony-stimulating activity (CSA) is essential for in vitro differentiation of bone marrow cells into colonies of granulocytes and mononuclear cells. While blood monocytes and macrophages are a major source of CSA, recent studies have indicated that CSA may be produced by lymphocytes responding to immunologic stimulation. Lymphocytes, purified from spleens and thymuses of mice by glass wool columns, were incubated in CMRL-1066 medium with fetal calf serum in vitro. Lymphocytes from the thumus and spleen released CSA when cultured in vitro, with peak levels of CSA observed after 7 days of incubation. Stimulation of cultures with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen resulted in a 2-5-fold increase in CSA release, with peak levels of CSA released after 4 days of incubation. Thymus-dependent lymphocytes were responsible for the release of CSA from unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated cultures, since the incubation of these cultures with rabbit anti-mouse T cell sera abolished their ability to release CSA. Anti-mouse B cell sera had no effect on the ability of lymphocyte cultures to release CSA. These studies suggest that thymocytes and thymus-derived lymphocytes can release CSA in vitro and may be responsible for the increase in CSA observed in certain immunologic reactions.
The Combined Percentage of Gleason Patterns 4 and 5 Is the Best Predictor of Cancer Progression After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Liang Cheng, Michael O. Koch, Beth E. Juliar, Joanne K. Daggy, Richard S. Foster, Richard Bihrle, Thomas A. Gardner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Clinical outcome is variable in prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy. The Gleason histologic grade of prostatic adenocarcinoma is one of the strongest predictors of biologic aggressiveness of prostate cancer. We evaluated the significance of the relative proportion of high-grade cancer (Gleason patterns 4 and/or 5) in predicting cancer progression in prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy.Radical prostatectomy specimens from 364 consecutive prostate cancer patients were totally embedded and whole mounted. Various clinical and pathologic characteristics were analyzed. All pathologic data, including Gleason grading variables, were collected prospectively.A multiple-factor analysis was performed that included the combined percentage of Gleason patterns 4 and 5, Gleason score, tumor stage, surgical margin status, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), extraprostatic extension, and total tumor volume. Using Cox regression analysis with bootstrap resampling for predictor selection, we identified the combined percentage of Gleason patterns 4 and 5 (P < .0001) and total tumor volume (P = .009) as significant predictors of PSA recurrence.The combined percentage of Gleason patterns 4 and 5 is one of the most powerful predictors of patient outcome, and appears superior to conventional Gleason score in identifying patients at increased risk of disease progression. On the basis of our results, we recommend that the combined percentage of Gleason patterns 4 and 5 be evaluated in radical prostatectomy specimens. The amount of high-grade cancer in a prostatectomy specimen should be taken into account in therapeutic decision making and assessment of patient prognosis.