tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic rhinosinusitis pathogenesis
Authors: Whitney W. Stevens, Robert J. Lee, Robert P. Schleimer, Noam A. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)

There are a variety of medical conditions associated with chronic sinonasal inflammation, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and cystic fibrosis. In particular, CRS can be divided into 2 major subgroups based on whether nasal polyps are present or absent. Unfortunately, clinical treatment strategies for patients with chronic sinonasal inflammation are limited, in part because the underlying mechanisms contributing to disease pathology are heterogeneous and not entirely known. It is hypothesized that alterations in mucociliary clearance, abnormalities in the sinonasal epithelial cell barrier, and tissue remodeling all contribute to the chronic inflammatory and tissue-deforming processes characteristic of CRS. Additionally, the host innate and adaptive immune responses are also significantly activated and might be involved in pathogenesis. Recent advancements in the understanding of CRS pathogenesis are highlighted in this review, with special focus placed on the roles of epithelial cells and the host immune response in patients with cystic fibrosis, CRS without nasal polyps, or CRS with nasal polyps.
Nitrated fatty acids suppress angiotensin II-mediated fibrotic remodelling and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tanja K. Rudolph, Thorben Ravekes, Anna Klinke, Kai Friedrichs, Martin Mollenhauer, Michaela Pekarova, Gabriela Ambrozova, Hana Martiskova, Jatinder-Jit Kaur, Bianca Matthes, Alex Schwoerer, Steven R. Woodcock, Lukas Kubala, Bruce A. Freeman, Stephan Baldus, Volker Rudolph
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Atrial fibrosis, one of the most striking features in the pathology of atrial fibrillation (AF), is promoted by local and systemic inflammation. Electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes, endogenously generated by both metabolic and inflammatory reactions, are anti-inflammatory mediators that in synthetic form may be useful as drug candidates. Herein we investigate whether an exemplary nitro-fatty acid can limit atrial fibrosis and AF. Wild-type C57BL6/J mice were treated for 2 weeks with angiotensin II (AngII) and vehicle or nitro-oleic acid (10-nitro-octadec-9-enoic acid, OA-NO2, 6 mg/kg body weight) via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. OA-NO2 significantly inhibited atrial fibrosis and depressed vulnerability for AF during right atrial electrophysiological stimulation to levels observed for AngII-naive animals. Left atrial epicardial mapping studies demonstrated preservation of conduction homogeneity by OA-NO2. The protection from fibrotic remodelling was mediated by suppression of Smad2-dependent myofibroblast transdifferentiation and inhibition of Nox2-dependent atrial superoxide formation. OA-NO2 potently inhibits atrial fibrosis and subsequent AF. Nitro-fatty acids and possibly other lipid electrophiles thus emerge as potential therapeutic agents for AF, either by increasing endogenous levels through dietary modulation or by administration as synthetic drugs.
Xenogeneic proliferation and lymphokine production are dependent on CD4+ helper T cells and self antigen-presenting cells in the mouse.
Authors: R D Moses, R N Pierson, H J Winn, H Auchincloss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We studied proliferation and interleukin 2 production by B6 mouse spleen cells in response to stimulation by irradiated cynomolgus monkey spleen cells and compared the results with responses against whole MHC-disparate allogeneic controls (BALB/c). We found that (a) primary xenogeneic helper responses were absent, whereas primary allogeneic responses were brisk, (b) secondary xenogeneic helper responses were dependent on CD4+ T cells and responder antigen-presenting cells (APCs), whereas allogeneic responses could be mediated by either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells independently and were primarily dependent on the presence of stimulator APCs, and (c) secondary xenogeneic helper responses were blocked by an antibody directed against responder class II MHC molecules. These results suggest that mouse helper T cells recognize disparate xenoantigens as processed peptides in association with self class II MHC molecules, similar to the recognition of nominal antigens and unlike direct allo-recognition.
The microbiological quality of water in fish spas with Garra rufa fish, the Netherlands, October to November 2012
Authors: F M Schets, H H van den Berg, R de Zwaan, D van Soolingen, A  M de Roda Husman
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

In fish spas, clients may submerge their hands, feet or whole body in basins with Garra rufa fish, for dead skin removal. Skin infections may result from using these spas, transmitted from fish to clients, through either fish or water, or from client to client. The microbiological water quality was determined in 24 fish spas in 16 companies in the Netherlands through analysis of a single water sample per fish spa. Water samples were tested for the presence of Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nontuberculous mycobacteria,and faecal indicator bacteria by using standard culture methods. The majority of the examined fish spas contained Aeromonas spp. (n = 24), P. aeruginosa(n = 18), Vibrio spp. (n = 16) including V. cholerae non-O1/O139 and V. vulnificus, and several rapid growing Mycobacterium spp. (n = 23) including M. fortuitum, M.conceptionense, M. abscessus and M. chelonae. Faecal contamination of the fish spa water was low. Based on the detected concentrations of Aeromonas spp., Vibriospp., and P. aeruginosa, the detected Mycobacteriumspp., and the health implications of these bacteria, the health risk from using fish spas is considered limited for healthy people with an intact skin and no underlying disease.
ANTIGENIC VARIANTS OF INFLUENZA A VIRUS (PR8 STRAIN)
Authors: Paul Gerber, Dorothy Hamre, Clayton G. Loosli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Four successive generations of antigenic variants of influenza PR8-S virus, each derived from the previous one by serial passage in the lungs of mice immunized with the homologous agent, were compared with the original parent PR8-S virus with respect to their serological and immunological character. It was demonstrated by means of H.I., complement-fixation and in ovo-neutralization tests that the variants exhibited a progressively decreasing reactivity with the parent PR8-S antiserum while retaining the ability to elicit antibody to PR8-S influenza virus and to their respective predecessors. Accompanying these changes was a progressive reduction in antigenicity without any significant changes in pathogenicity for mice. Experimental evidence was presented which indicates that the serological changes observed with the variants are not related to the P-Q phenomenon. Antibody absorption tests showed that the variants share antigens with PR8-S virus but differ from it by the presence of specific antigenic components; these increase in quantity with each successive variant while the amount of related antigens shows a progressive decrease. The importance of evaluating the significance of antigenic changes of influenza viruses with active immunity tests was emphasized by the fact that PR8-S vaccine protected mice against fatal infection with lethal doses of the variant strains although the latter had a progressively decreasing serological reactivity with PR8-S antiserum. The inheritable character of the new antigenic properties of the variant strains was demonstrated by their persistence in the absence of thea selective environment following 18 to 24 serial intranasal passages with large inocula in normal mice and following limiting dilution passage in fertile eggs.
Clinical Observations and Molecular Variables of Primary Vascular Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Christina L. Roland, Genevieve M. Boland, Elizabeth G. Demicco, Kristelle Lusby, Davis Ingram, Caitlin D. May, Christine M. Kivlin, Kelsey Watson, Ghadah A. Al Sannaa, Wei-Lien Wang, Vinod Ravi, Raphael E. Pollock, Dina Lev, Janice N. Cormier, Kelly K. Hunt, Barry W. Feig, Alexander J. Lazar, Keila E. Torres
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Vascular leiomyosarcomas are a rare subtype of leiomyosarcomas that most commonly affect the inferior vena cava and account for 5% of all leiomyosarcomas. These tumors are aggressive malignant tumors for which adjuvant modalities have not shown increased efficacy compared with surgery.To evaluate the outcomes of patients with vascular leiomyosarcoma and the association between vascular leiomyosarcomas and immunohistochemical molecular markers, to determine their potential prognostic and therapeutic utility.Retrospective medical record review of a cohort of 77 patients who presented to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston during the period from January 1993 to April 2012. Data were analyzed during the period from November 2012 to May 2015. All of the patients received a confirmed diagnosis of vascular leiomyosarcoma. Immunohistochemical studies for biomarkers were performed on a tissue microarray that included 26 primary specimens of vascular leiomyosarcoma.Demographic and clinical factors were evaluated to assess clinical course, patterns of recurrence, and survival outcomes for patients with primary vascular leiomyosarcoma. A univariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to correlate disease-specific survival and time to recurrence with potential prognostic indicators.Sixty-three patients with localized disease who underwent surgical resection formed the study population, and their data were used for subsequent outcomes analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 58 years (range, 22-78 years). The majority of patients were female (41 patients [65%]) and white (51 patients [81%]). The 5-year disease-specific survival rate after tumor resection was 65%. The median time to local recurrence was 43 months, the median time to distant recurrence was 25 months, and the median time to concurrent local and distant recurrences was 15 months (P = .04). Strong expressions of cytoplasmic β-catenin (hazard ratio, 5.33 [95% CI, 0.97-29.30]; P = .06) and insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (hazard ratio, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.14-6.56]; P = .02) were associated with inferior disease-specific survival.Vascular leiomyosarcomas are aggressive malignant tumors, with high recurrence rates. Expressions of β-catenin and insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor were associated with poor disease-specific survival. Prospective studies should evaluate the clinical and therapeutic utility of these molecular markers.
Abdominal obesity and circulating metabolites: A twin study approach
Authors: Leonie H. Bogl, Sanna M. Kaye, Joel T. Rämö, Antti J. Kangas, Pasi Soininen, Antti Hakkarainen, Jesper Lundbom, Nina Lundbom, Alfredo Ortega-Alonso, Aila Rissanen, Mika Ala-Korpela, Jaakko Kaprio, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Primary tumour standardised uptake value is prognostic in nonsmall cell lung cancer: a multivariate pooled analysis of individual data
Authors: Marianne Paesmans, Camilo Garcia, Ching-Yee Oliver Wong, Edward F. Patz, Ritsuko Komaki, Susanne Eschmann, Ramaswamy Govindan, Johan Vansteenkiste, Anne-Pascale Meert, Wouter K. de Jong, Nasser Khaled Altorki, Kotaro Higashi, Angela Van Baardwijk, Gerben R. Borst, Lieveke Ameye, Jean-Jacques Lafitte, Thierry Berghmans, Patrick Flamen, Ramon Rami-Porta, Jean-Paul Sculier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy- d -glucose positron emission tomography (PET) complements conventional imaging for diagnosing and staging lung cancer. Two literature-based meta-analyses suggest that maximum standardised uptake value (SUV max ) on PET has univariate prognostic value in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analysed individual data pooled from 12 studies to assess the independent prognostic value of binary SUV max for overall survival. After searching the published literature and identifying unpublished data, study coordinators were contacted and requested to provide data on individual patients. Cox regression models stratified for study were used. Data were collected for 1526 patients (median age 64 years, 60% male, 34% squamous cell carcinoma, 47% adenocarcinoma, 58% stage I–II). The combined univariate hazard ratio for SUV max was 1.43 (95% CI 1.22–1.66) and nearly identical if the SUV threshold was calculated stratifying for histology. Multivariate analysis of patients with stage I–III disease identified age, stage, tumour size and receipt of surgery as independent prognostic factors; adding SUV (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.27–1.96) improved the model significantly. The only detected interaction was between SUV and stage IV disease. SUV seems to have independent prognostic value in stage I–III NSCLC, for squamous cell carcinoma and for adenocarcinoma.
Endogenous peptides of a soluble major histocompatibility complex class I molecule, H-2Lds: sequence motif, quantitative binding, and molecular modeling of the complex.
Authors: M Corr, L F Boyd, S R Frankel, S Kozlowski, E A Padlan, D H Margulies
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

To gain insight into the rules that govern the binding of endogenous and viral peptides to a given major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, we characterized the amino acid sequences of a set of self peptides bound by a soluble analogue of murine H-2Ld, H-2Lds. We tested corresponding synthetic peptides quantitatively for binding in several different assays, and built three-dimensional computer models of eight peptide/H-2Lds complexes, based on the crystallographic structure of the human HLA-B27/peptide complex. Comparison of primary and tertiary structures of bound self and antigenic peptides revealed that residues 2 and 9 were not only restricted in sequence and tolerant of conservative substitutions, but were spatially constrained in the three-dimensional models. The degree of sequence variability of specific residues in MHC-restricted peptides reflected the lack of structural constraint on those amino acids. Thus, amino acid residues that define a peptide motif represent side chains required or preferred for a close fit with the MHC class I heavy chain.
Neonatal BCG vaccination in Ireland: evidence of its efficacy in the prevention of childhood tuberculosis
Authors: P Kelly, D McKeown, L Clancy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Data from the 1986 and 1991 National Tuberculosis Survey were used, together with the Census of Population for those years, to try and determine whether bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination policy had any influence on the reported incidence of tuberculosis in the Republic of Ireland. The age-specific incidence of tuberculosis for the country as a whole and for local areas, was determined with respect to neonatal BCG vaccination. Based on these data, the reported incidence of tuberculosis in people aged 15 yrs or younger in areas without a policy of neonatal BCG was shown to be significantly higher compared to areas that use neonatal BCG vaccination (p = 1.5x10(-5) in 1986; and p = 1.0x10(-7) for 1991). It was estimated that some 646 vaccinations needed to be given to prevent one case of tuberculosis in 1986, and that the figure for 1991 was 551 vaccinations. This evidence supports a policy of continued neonatal bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination in the population of the Republic of Ireland at present.
S-nitrosylation: a potential new paradigm in signal transduction
Authors: A Martínez-Ruiz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Much attention has been paid to nitric oxide (NO) research since its discovery as a physiological mediator in the cardiovascular system. In recent years, newer roles have been attributed to this molecule and its close relatives, termed collectively reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These roles relate to different mechanisms of protein modification, among which S-nitrosylation of cysteines has emerged as a potential new paradigm in signal transduction and regulation of protein function. We review here the chemical basis of this modification compared with other protein modifications related to nitric oxide, as well as the kind of specificity we can expect from it. We also review the current methodologies that can be applied to the study of S-nitrosylation and identification of S-nitrosylated proteins in cells, and detail the relevance of this modification in several proteins related to cardiovascular system.
La déclaration du VIH en Europe de l'Ouest : les systèmes nationaux et les premières données européennes
Authors: A Infuso, F F Hamers, A M Downs, J Alix
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

La declaration du sida a ete un outil essentiel dans la surveillance de l’infection a VIH en Europe de l’Ouest. Cependant, les tendances recentes du sida sont fortement modifiees par les progres des traitements anti-retroviraux qui retardent l’evolution de la maladie. Ces tendances ne peuvent donc plus etre utilisees comme un indicateur des tendances de la transmission du VIH. La declaration de tous les cas d’infections par le VIH diagnostiques est de plus en plus mise en avant comme une composante essentielle de la surveillance (1). Un systeme de declaration du VIH destine a completer la declaration du sida a ete mis en place au niveau europeen en 1999, avec la participation de 39 pays de la region Europe de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (OMS). Cet article decrit les systemes de declaration du VIH dans les pays d’Europe de l’Ouest et presente les premieres donnees.
Cesarean Delivery Rates
Authors: Mary E. D’Alton, Mark P. Hehir
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Le paludisme d'importation en Allemagne en 1996
Authors: L Apitzsch, Gernot Rasch, W Kiehl
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

Le paludisme n'est pas endemique en Allemagne mais il represente l'une des infections importees les plus courantes. Le nombre des cas importes a augmente de 1994 a 1996 (figure 1) (1-4) ; en 1997, selon les donnees preliminaires, un total de 994 cas ont ete declares. En 1996, 1021 cas de paludisme (1,25 cas pour 100 000 habitants) ont ete declares en Allemagne, representant une augmentation globale de 9% par rapport a 1995. Cette augmentation a ete particulierement prononcee durant les deuxieme et troisieme trimestres de 1996. Les incidences globales les plus elevees en 1996 ont ete observees a Berlin (121 cas ; 3,49 / 100 000) et a Hambourg (93 cas ; 5,44/100 000). A Hambourg, plus de 60% des cas sont survenus chez des residents non-allemands revenant d'un voyage
Every Little Anniversary
Authors: Diana M. Cejas
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum to: Visualizing translocation dynamics and nascent transcript errors in paused RNA polymerases in vivo
Authors: Masahiko Imashimizu, Hiroki Takahashi, Taku Oshima, Carl McIntosh, Mikhail Bubunenko, Donald L. Court, Mikhail Kashlev
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

After the publication of this work [1], we noticed an error whereby Fig. 3b is missing the label ΔgreAB. The original version of this article was corrected. The corrected figure is given below:



Fig. 3

Transcription pausing detected by RNET-seq in E. coli WT and ΔgreAB cells. (a) Pause-inducing elements (PIEs) of the non-template DNA strand. Information content is represented by sequence logos [51]. Positions −1 and −10 of DNA ...
Effect of Acidosis on the Properties of the Glutaminase mRNA pH-Response Element Binding Protein
Authors: OMAR F. LATERZA, NORMAN P. CURTHOYS
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. The pH-responsive stabilization of the rat renal glutaminase (GA) mRNA during metabolic acidosis is mediated by a pH-response element (pH-RE). The primary pH-RE within the GA mRNA consists of a direct repeat of an 8-base adenosine and uridine—rich sequence, which binds a specific cytosolic protein, the pH-response element binding protein (REBP). The functional analysis of this system was performed in LLC-PK 1 -F + cells, a pH-responsive line of porcine proximal tubule-like cells. Cytosolic extracts of LLC-PK 1 -F + cells also contain a protein that binds with high affinity to the rat GA mRNA pH-RE. The apparent binding of this protein is increased threefold in cytosolic extracts prepared from LLC-PK 1 -F + cells that were grown in acidic medium (pH = 6.9, HCO 3 - = 10 mM). Extracts prepared from the renal cortext of rats that were made acutely acidotic also exhibit a similar increase in binding to the RNA probe that contains the direct repeat of the pH-RE. The temporal increase in binding correlates with the temporal increase in GA mRNA. Scatchard analysis indicates that the increased binding is due to an increase in both the affinity and the maximal binding of the pH-REBP. Thus, increased binding of the pH-REBP to the GA mRNA may initiate its stabilization and increased expression during acidosis.