tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Confidential Health Services for Adolescents
Authors: Yank D. Coble
Journal: JAMA (1993)

DURING the past 20 years rates of suicide,<sup>1</sup>illicit drug use,<sup>2</sup>sexually transmissible diseases (STDs),<sup>3</sup>and births to single mothers<sup>4</sup>have increased dramatically among adolescents. The changing nature of adolescent morbidity and mortality makes it critical that they receive medical care on a timely basis, and that barriers to care are removed.<sup>5</sup>One such barrier for many adolescents is their concern about whether sensitive information shared in private with their physician will remain confidential. See also p 1404. This report reviews adolescents' need for confidential health services and support by physicians and organized medicine for confidential care. Examined are two major barriers to confidential medical care: the prerogative to provide informed consent for medical treatment and payment for health services. The report describes how physicians can balance parental involvement and adolescents' needs for privacy in health care decisions and strategies to allay parental concerns and
Fas ligand in human serum
Authors: Masato Tanaka, Takashi Suda, Kyosuke Haze, Norio Nakamura, Ken Sato, Fumihiko Kimura, Kazuo Motoyoshi, Masao Mizuki, Shinichi Tagawa, Shigetoshi Ohga, Kiyohiko Hatake, Alan H. Drummond, Shigekazu Nagata
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Four Weeks of Treatment With Liraglutide Reduces Insulin Dose Without Loss of Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetic Patients With and Without Residual β-Cell Function
Authors: Urd Kielgast, Thure Krarup, Jens Juul Holst, Sten Madsbad
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To investigate the effect of 4 weeks of treatment with liraglutide on insulin dose and glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual β-cell function.Ten type 1 diabetic patients with residual β-cell function (C-peptide positive) and 19 without (C-peptide negative) were studied. All C-peptide-positive patients were treated with liraglutide plus insulin, whereas C-peptide-negative patients were randomly assigned to liraglutide plus insulin or insulin monotherapy. Continuous glucose monitoring with identical food intake and physical activity was performed before (week 0) and during (week 4) treatment. Differences in insulin dose; HbA1c; time spent with blood glucose<3.9, >10, and 3.9-9.9 mmol/L; and body weight were evaluated.Insulin dose decreased from 0.50±0.06 to 0.31±0.08 units/kg per day (P<0.001) in C-peptide-positive patients and from 0.72±0.08 to 0.59±0.06 units/kg per day (P<0.01) in C-peptide-negative patients treated with liraglutide but did not change with insulin monotherapy. HbA1c decreased in both liraglutide-treated groups. The percent reduction in daily insulin dose was positively correlated with β-cell function at baseline, and two patients discontinued insulin treatment. In C-peptide-positive patients, time spent with blood glucose<3.9 mmol/L decreased from 3.0 to 1.0 h (P=0.03). A total of 18 of 19 patients treated with liraglutide lost weight during treatment (mean [range] -2.3±0.3 kg [-0.5 to -5.1]; P<0.001). Transient gastrointestinal adverse effects occurred in almost all patients treated with liraglutide.Treatment with liraglutide in type 1 diabetic patients reduces insulin dose with improved or unaltered glycemic control.
Comparison of a whole blood interferon-γ assay with tuberculin skin testing for the detection of tuberculosis infection in hospitalized children in rural India
Authors: Sandeep Dogra, Pratibha Narang, Deepak K. Mendiratta, Pushpa Chaturvedi, Arthur L. Reingold, John M. Colford, Lee W. Riley, Madhukar Pai
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
High-sensitive C-reactive protein is associated with reduced lung function in young adults
Authors: F. Rasmussen, D. Mikkelsen, R. J. Hancox, J. Lambrechtsen, M. Nybo, H. S. Hansen, H. C. Siersted
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Systemic inflammation has been associated with reduced lung function. However, data on the interrelationships between lung function and inflammation are sparse, and it is not clear if low-grade inflammation leads to reduced lung function. Associations between high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) and spirometric lung function were assessed in a population-based cohort of ∼1,000 Danes aged 20 yrs. In males, the average decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) in the highest CRP quintile was 23 mL·yr −1 versus 1.6 mL·yr −1 in the lowest quintile. In females, the average decline was 6.2 mL·yr −1 in the highest CRP quintile versus an increase of 1.8 mL·yr −1 in the lowest CRP quintile. In a multiple regression analysis adjusted for sex, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, smoking, asthma, airway hyperresponsiveness and serum eosinophil cationic protein, higher levels of CRP at age 20 yrs were associated with a greater reduction in both FEV 1 and forced vital capacity between ages 20 and 29 yrs. The findings show that higher levels of C-reactive protein in young adults are associated with subsequent decline in lung function, suggesting that low-grade systemic inflammation in young adulthood may lead to impaired lung function independently of the effects of smoking, obesity, cardiorespiratory fitness, asthma and eosinophilic inflammation.
Current State of Imaging Protein-Protein Interactions In Vivo with Genetically Encoded Reporters
Authors: Victor Villalobos, Snehal Naik, David Piwnica-Worms
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2007)

Signaling pathways regulating proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation are commonly mediated through protein-protein interactions as well as reversible modification (e.g., phosphorylation) of proteins. To facilitate the study of regulated protein-protein interactions in cells and living animals, new imaging tools, many based on optical signals and capable of quantifying protein interactions in vivo, have advanced the study of induced protein interactions and their modification, as well as accelerated the rate of acquisition of these data. In particular, use of protein fragment complementation as a reporter strategy can accurately and rapidly dissect protein interactions with a variety of readouts, including absorbance, fluorescence, and bioluminescence. This review focuses on the development and validation of bioluminescent protein fragment complementation reporters that use either Renilla luciferase or firefly luciferase in vivo. Enhanced luciferase complementation provides a platform for near real-time detection and characterization of regulated and small-molecule-induced protein-protein interactions in intact cells and living animals and enables a wide range of novel applications in drug discovery, chemical genetics, and proteomics research.
Impaired intestinal barrier function measured by differently sized polyethylene glycols in patients with chronic renal failure.
Authors: M Magnusson, K E Magnusson, T Sundqvist, T Denneberg
Journal: Gut (1991)

The intestinal mucosa plays a fundamental role as the site for absorption of nutrients, and as an important barrier from potentially harmful agents in the intestinal lumen. Little is known of the permeability properties of the intestinal mucosa in uraemic patients. The intestinal permeability to differently sized polyethylene glycols (PEGs; range 326-1254 daltons) was studied in nine patients with chronic renal failure (24 hour endogeneous creatinine clearance 5-24 ml/minute). The maximum 24 hour urinary recovery of PEGs was decreased in the uraemic patients but relatively more of the larger than the smaller PEGs were found in these patients. The results suggest a reduced urinary recovery of PEGs caused by renal dysfunction but also a relatively increased intestinal permeability to larger PEGs in the uraemic patients.
Recombinant interleukin 4 suppresses the production of interferon gamma by human mononuclear cells.
Authors: R Peleman, J Wu, C Fargeas, G Delespesse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

rIL-4 inhibits the production of IFN-gamma by PBMC stimulated with mitogens or allogeneic cells. The suppression is observed at the protein and at the mRNA level; it is dose and time dependent, and it is abolished by a neutralizing mAb to IL-4. It is suggested that the balance between the production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma may be significantly influenced by the chronological order of activation of their respective gene.
Risk of Perinatal Death Associated With Labor After Previous Cesarean Delivery in Uncomplicated Term Pregnancies
Authors: Gordon C. S. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextTrial of labor after previous cesarean delivery is associated with increased risk of uterine rupture. However, no reliable data exist on the effect of a trial of labor on the risk of perinatal death in otherwise uncomplicated term pregnancies.ObjectiveTo determine the risk of intrapartum stillbirth or neonatal death not related to congenital abnormality among women with uncomplicated term pregnancies who had a trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery, compared with women having a planned repeat cesarean delivery, and multiparous and nulliparous women at term not delivered by planned cesarean method.Design and SettingPopulation-based, retrospective cohort study of data from the linked Scottish Morbidity Record and Stillbirth and Neonatal Death Enquiry encompassing births in Scotland between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 1997.PopulationA total of 313 238 singleton births between 37 and 43 weeks' gestational age in which the fetus was in a cephalic presentation.Main Outcome MeasureDelivery-related perinatal death, defined as intrapartum stillbirth or neonatal death unrelated to congenital anomaly, compared among the 4 groups.ResultsAmong women who had a trial of labor following previous cesarean delivery (n = 15 515), the overall rate of delivery-related perinatal death was 12.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9-19.9) per 10 000 women. This was approximately 11 times greater (odds ratio [OR], 11.6; 95% CI, 1.6-86.7) than the risk associated with planned repeat cesarean delivery (n = 9014), more than twice (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.5) the risk associated with other multiparous women in labor (n = 151 549), and similar to the risk among nulliparous women in labor (n = 137 160; OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8-2.1). The associations were not explained by differences in maternal height, smoking status, socioeconomic status, age, fetal growth, or week of gestation at delivery. Among women having a trial of labor, the rate of death due to mechanical causes, including uterine rupture, was 4.5 (95% CI, 1.8-9.3) per 10 000 women. This was more than 8 times greater than other multiparous women (OR, 8.5; 95% CI, 3.2-22.3) and nulliparous women (OR, 8.8; 95% CI, 3.2-24.2).ConclusionsThe absolute risk of perinatal death associated with trial of labor following previous cesarean delivery is low. However, in our study, the risk was significantly higher than that associated with planned repeat cesarean delivery, and there was a marked excess of deaths due to uterine rupture compared with other women in labor.
Use of infliximab in juvenile onset rheumatological disease-associated refractory uveitis: efficacy in joint and ocular disease
Authors: S. M Sharma, A. V Ramanan, P. Riley, A. D Dick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

There is an identified disparity between the efficacy of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibition in the treatment of uveitis in paediatric onset inflammatory arthritis and that of joint disease.1–5

We retrospectively reviewed the case notes of six patients with aggressive, refractory joint and ocular paediatric-onset disease treated with infliximab in a multidisciplinary clinic. Our report uses the Standardised Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) grading system6 for uveitis and steroid dose as an outcome measure. All patients received weekly infliximab infusions at 0, 2, 6 and 8 weeks.

Patients were maintained on low dose immunosuppression with methotrexate while receiving treatment. Five of six patients had previously been treated with another anti-TNF agent (three …
Chronic inborn erythrocytosis leads to cardiac dysfunction and premature death in mice overexpressing erythropoietin
Authors: Klaus F. Wagner, Dörthe M. Katschinski, Jo Hasegawa, Dunja Schumacher, Birgit Meller, Ulrich Gembruch, Uda Schramm, Wolfgang Jelkmann, Max Gassmann, Joachim Fandrey
Journal: Blood (2001)
Penetration of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine in Mucosal Tissues: Implications for Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission
Authors: Kristine B. Patterson, Heather A. Prince, Eric Kraft, Amanda J. Jenkins, Nicholas J. Shaheen, James F. Rooney, Myron S. Cohen, Angela D. M. Kashuba
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

Antiretroviral drugs are found at different concentrations in human cervical, vaginal, and rectal mucosal tissues with implications for designing PrEP trials to prevent HIV transmission.
Contributors to diffusion impairment in HIV-infected persons
Authors: Matthew R. Gingo, Jiayan He, Catherine Wittman, Carl Fuhrman, Joseph K. Leader, Cathy Kessinger, Lorrie Lucht, William A. Slivka, Yingze Zhang, Deborah K. McMahon, Frank C. Sciurba, Alison Morris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Abnormal diffusing capacity is common in HIV-infected individuals, including never smokers. Aetiologies for diffusing capacity impairment in HIV are not understood, particularly in those without a history of cigarette smoking. Our study was a cross-sectional analysis of 158 HIV-infected individuals without acute respiratory symptoms or infection with the aim to determine associations between a diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide ( D LCO ) % predicted and participant demographics, pulmonary spirometric measures (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and FEV 1 /forced vital capacity), radiographic emphysema (fraction of lung voxels &lt; -950 Hounsfield units), pulmonary vascular/cardiovascular disease (echocardiographic tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) and airway inflammation (induced sputum cell counts), stratified by history of smoking. The mean D LCO was 65.9% predicted, and 55 (34.8%) participants had a significantly reduced D LCO (&lt;60% predicted). Lower D LCO % predicted in ever-smokers was associated with lower post-bronchodilator FEV 1 % predicted (p&lt;0.001) and greater radiographic emphysema (p=0.001). In never-smokers, mean± sd D LCO was 72.7±13.4% predicted, and D LCO correlated with post-bronchodilator FEV 1 (p=0.02), sputum neutrophils (p=0.03) and sputum lymphocytes (p=0.009), but not radiographic emphysema. Airway obstruction, emphysema and inflammation influence D LCO in HIV. Never-smokers may have a unique phenotype of diffusing capacity impairment. The interaction of multiple factors may account for the pervasive nature of diffusing capacity impairment in HIV infection.
Genetic Interaction between <i>Rb</i> and N-<i>ras</i>: Differentiation Control and Metastasis
Authors: Chiaki Takahashi, Mark E. Ewen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene, Rb, and the ras proto-oncogenes regulate various cellular processes, including differentiation and proliferation. Rb and ras genetically interact to positively influence differentiation in the mouse. This genetic interaction between Rb and ras also affects tumor development, either positively or negatively depending on cell type. Loss of one or two N-ras alleles allows medullary thyroid (C cell) adenomas occurring in Rb heterozygous mice to progress to metastatic carcinomas, an event associated with C cells displaying a less-differentiated phenotype. Here, we discuss the genetic interaction between Rb and ras and the development of a mouse model of medullary thyroid carcinoma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9345-8)
Relative contributions of testosterone and estrogen in regulating bone resorption and formation in normal elderly men
Authors: Alireza Falahati-Nini, B. Lawrence Riggs, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, W. Michael O’Fallon, Richard Eastell, Sundeep Khosla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Young adult males who cannot produce or respond to estrogen (E) are osteopenic, suggesting that E may regulate bone turnover in men, as well as in women. Both bioavailable E and testosterone (T) decrease substantially in aging men, but it is unclear which deficiency is the more important factor contributing to the increased bone resorption and impaired bone formation that leads to their bone loss. Thus, we addressed this issue directly by eliminating endogenous T and E production in 59 elderly men (mean age 68 years), studying them first under conditions of physiologic T and E replacement and then assessing the impact on bone turnover of withdrawing both T and E, withdrawing only T, or only E, or continuing both. Bone resorption markers increased significantly in the absence of both hormones and were unchanged in men receiving both hormones. By two-factor ANOVA, E played the major role in preventing the increase in the bone resorption markers, whereas T had no significant effect. By contrast, serum osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, decreased in the absence of both hormones, and both E and T maintained osteocalcin levels. We conclude that in aging men, E is the dominant sex steroid regulating bone resorption, whereas both E and T are important in maintaining bone formation.
Induction of Cytotoxic T–Cell Response Against Hepatitis C Virus Structural Antigens Using A Defective Recombinant Adenovirus
Authors: O Bruña-Romero, J J Lasarte, G Wilkinson, K Grace, B Clarke, F Borrás-Cuesta, J Prieto
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

A replication-defective recombinant adenovirus (RAd), RAdCMV-CE1, containing core and E1 genes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was constructed. RAdCMV-CE1 was able to express core and E1 proteins both in mice and human cells. Immunization of BALB/c mice with RAdCMV-CE1 induced a specific cytotoxic T-cell response against the two HCV proteins. This response was characterized using a panel of 60 synthetic 14- or 15-mer overlapping peptides (10 amino-acid overlap) spanning the entire sequence of these proteins. Five main epitopes were found in the core protein, four of which had been previously described either in mice or humans. One single novel epitope was found in E1. Fine mapping of this E1 determinant, showed that octamer GHRMAWDM is the minimal epitope recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The cytotoxic T-cell response was H-2d restricted, lasted for at least 100 days, and was mediated by T cells with the classic CD4-CD8+ phenotype. This work demonstrates that replication-defective recombinant adenoviruses can efficiently express HCV proteins and are able to induce an in vivo cytotoxic T-cell response against a diversity of epitopes from HCV antigens. These vectors should be taken into consideration in the design of vaccines and also as a means to stimulate specific T-cell responses in chronic HCV carriers.
Influence of Donor C3 Allotype on Late Renal-Transplantation Outcome
Authors: Katherine M. Brown, Elli Kondeatis, Robert W. Vaughan, Sui P. Kon, Christopher K.T. Farmer, John D. Taylor, Xiang He, Atholl Johnston, Catherine Horsfield, Bert J.C. Janssen, Piet Gros, Wuding Zhou, Steven H. Sacks, Neil S. Sheerin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The complement system has a critical role in both the innate and the adaptive immune responses. In humans, C3 exists as two main allotypes, F (fast) and S (slow), which are known to affect the incidence of inflammatory disease. We conducted a study to address the influence of these alleles on late renal-graft outcome.
<b> <i>PTEN</i> </b> Gene Targeting Reveals a Radiation-Induced Size Checkpoint in Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Carolyn Lee, Jung-Sik Kim, Todd Waldman
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Following DNA damage, human cells arrest primarily in the G(1) and G(2) phases of the cell cycle. Here, we show that after irradiation, human cancer cells with targeted deletion of PTEN or naturally occurring PTEN mutations can exert G(1) and G(2) arrests but are unable to arrest in size. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphoinositol-3-kinase or mTOR in PTEN(-/-) cells restored the size arrest, whereas siRNA-mediated depletion of TSC2 in PTEN(+/+) cells attenuated the size arrest. Radiation treatment potentiated Akt activation in PTEN(-/-) but not PTEN(+/+) cells. Finally, abrogation of the size arrest via PTEN deletion conferred radiosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. These results identify a new tumor suppressor gene-regulated, DNA damage-inducible arrest that occurs simultaneously with the G(1) and G(2) arrests but is genetically separable from them. We suggest that aberrant regulation of cell size during cell cycle arrest may be important in human cancer pathogenesis.
Cryoablation therapy stimulates the antigen-specific T cell immune responses generated by therapeutic HPV DNA vaccine
Authors: Sung Yong Lee, Kyung Hoon Min, Gyu Young Hur, Je Hyeong Kim, Jae Jeong Shim, Kyung Ho Kang, Kye Young Lee, Chien-Fu Hung, TC Wu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Antigen-specific DNA vaccine immunotherapy is an attractive approach for the treatment of cancer since it has the potency to specifically eradicate systemic tumors without damaging the normal cells. However, DNA vaccine shows insufficient immune response for antigen presenting
Genome-Wide Association Studies and Beyond
Authors: John S. Witte
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2010)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide an important avenue for undertaking an agnostic evaluation of the association between common genetic variants and risk of disease. Recent advances in our understanding of human genetic variation and the technology to measure such variation have made GWAS feasible. Over the past few years a multitude of GWAS have identified and replicated many associated variants. These findings are enriching our knowledge about the genetic basis of disease and leading some to advocate using GWA study results for genetic testing. For many of the GWA study results, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and the findings explain only a limited amount of heritability. These issues may be clarified by more detailed investigations, including analyses of less common variants, sequence-level data, and environmental exposures. Such studies should help clarify the potential value of genetic testing to the public's health.
Energy requirements of Indian athletes in various sports
Authors: Y Venkata Ramana
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Success in sports depends mainly on three factors, the genetic endowments, the state of training and nutrition. Nutrition has always been of great interest to athletes. Proper nutrition is an important component of the total training programme. Athletes need the same amount of essential nutrients as non-athletes with varied increases in their caloric requirements as well as other macro and micronutrients due to increased physical activity. Therefore, it is essential to explore and assess these increased demands of macro and micronutrients, especially the energy to support their training before, during and after the competition for achieving desirable body weight and composition and optimal sports performance. All sporting events involve some degree of intense muscular training, which depend on the type of sport and phase of training. Hence, the nutritional needs, especially the energy requirements, differ greatly from athlete to athlete. The energy requirements of an athlete is also influenced by the body size and composition, age and the gender apart from the type of sport, different phases of training and non-training activities. As a result, a wide range of energy intake levels is observed among athletes when considering within and between the sporting events. Therefore, it is essential to consider these factors when recommending energy allowances apart from dietary preferences of athletes for achieving desirable body weight, composition and optimal sports performance. The research findings in this direction and recommended energy allowances for Indian athletes along with the scope for further research in India will be discussed.