tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complications of Therapy in Cancer Patients
Authors: Bruno Vincenzi, Daniele Santini, Claudia Grilli, Annalisa La Cesa, Caterina Dianzani, Giuseppe Tonini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

diagnosed with APL.By inducing maturation and subsequent apoptosis of APL cells, ATRA therapy alone has led to complete remissions, albeit brief.Further induction, consolidation, and maintenance chemotherapy is needed to sustain remissions.ATRA treatment is generally welltolerated, with side effects including fever, headache, dry skin, xerostomia, cheilitis, arthralgia, and hyperlipidemia.[5][6][7][8][9][10] Scrotal lesions secondary to ATRA use have been described in both the setting of treatment for APL [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and during combined therapy with interferon in a phase II trial for advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma. 10 Case reports indicate that such ulcerations are usually accompanied by fever and often occur with recovering WBC.The exact pathogenesis is uncertain but may involve cytokine release 7,11,12 and/or superoxide production 12 leading to leukocyte activation and subsequent tissue damage.The ulcers typically resolve shortly after discontinuation of ATRA.Another entity that might be considered in our case is acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, or Sweet's syndrome, which is often associated with hematologic malignancies.However, pathology did not reveal the characteristic nodular dense perivascular neutrophilic infiltrates and neutrophilic karyorrhexis.In addition, our patient did not have peripheral leukocytosis at the onset of the cutaneous lesion.Considering the profound benefit of ATRA therapy, it is reasonable to consider continuing ATRA therapy when scrotal ulceration develops.Topical corticosteroids and antibiotic ointment to prevent superimposed infection have been used to manage the ulceration and might be beneficial.We chose to temporarily discontinue ATRA because our patient was also having high fevers believed to be secondary to ATRA, and we felt that a complete remis-sion might already have been achieved.Scrotal ulceration has not recurred with six cycles of ATRA maintenance therapy.
Calcium Channel Blocker Prevents T Helper Type 2 Cell–mediated Airway Inflammation
Authors: Bruno Gomes, Marilena Djata Cabral, Alexandra Gallard, Magali Savignac, Pierre Paulet, Philippe Druet, Bernard Mariamé, Marc Moreau, Catherine Leclerc, Jean-Charles Guéry, Lucette Pelletier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Ca(2+) signaling controls the production of T helper (Th) type 2 cytokines known to be deleterious in asthma. Recently, we showed that Ca(2+) signaling was dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive in Th2 lymphocytes and that the DHP derivate, nicardipine, used in the treatment of cardiovascular pathologies, prevents Th2-dependent B cell polyclonal activation.We tested the effect of nicardipine in experimental allergic asthma.BALB/c mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) in alum and challenged with intranasal OVA were treated with nicardipine once the Th2 response, or even airway inflammation, was induced. We also tested the effect of nicardipine in asthma induced by transferring OVA-specific Th2 cells in BALB/c mice exposed to intranasal OVA. We checked the impact of nicardipine on T-cell responses and airway inflammation.Nicardipine inhibited in vitro Ca(2+) response in Th2 cells. In vivo, it impeded the development of Th2-mediated airway inflammation and reduced the capacity of lymphocytes from lung-draining lymph nodes to secrete Th2, but not Th1, cytokines. Nicardipine did not affect antigen presentation to CD4(+) T lymphocytes, nor the initial localization of Th2 cells into the lungs of mice exposed to intranasal OVA; however, it reduced the production of type 2 cytokines and the amplification of the Th2 response in mice with asthma. Conversely, nicardipine had no effect on Th1-mediated airway inflammation.Nicardipine improves experimental asthma by impairing Th2-dependent inflammation. This study could provide a rationale for developing drugs selectively targeting DHP receptors of Th2 lymphocytes, potentially beneficial in the treatment of asthma.
Adherence to ambulatory liquid oxygen using comercialized dual pressure transducers
Authors: Mafalda van Zeller, Ermelinda Eusébio, José Amorim, João Almeida, João Carlos Winck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction-Treatment adherence is widely recognized as a critical problem in long term oxygen therapy particularly the use of ambulatory liquid oxygen (LOX) systems. Adherence monitoring strategies could be helpful managing patients.

Aim-Evaluate patient's adherence to LOX using Visionox®, and compare results with a patient's adherence diary and patient's global perception of use.

Methods-Patients using LOX were recruited for a clinical interview, the number of days/week and mean time of use according to patient perception were recorded. Afterwards an adherence diary was given to fulfill for 14 days. During that time Visionox® (Air Products) was attached to the LOX. Visionox® is a small device that uses pressure transducers to detect oxygen flow and patien's respiratory rate, recording it - information is downloaded using dedicated software.

Results-19 patients were included, 57.9% male, mean age 61 years old. When asked about their perception of LOX use they reported a mean use of 88.7% of days (78.9% said to use it every day) for a mean time of 03h22m/day.

During the 14 days of evaluation, according to the diary the mean use was 75.26% of days for 04h30m and according to the Visionox® it was 72.25% of the days for a mean 04h06m. No difference was found between those methods. Regarding the %days of use declared by the patients it was significantly higher than the dairy (p=0.01) and the Visionox® (p=0.01) monitoring.

Conclusion-Patients overestimated LOX daily use compared to the adherence found using an adherence diary and objective adherence monitoring. Although no significant difference was found comparing diary and Visionox® use, they could both be helpful in clinical practice.
Predictive Value of Four Kallikrein Markers for Pathologically Insignificant Compared With Aggressive Prostate Cancer in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens: Results From the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer Section Rotterdam
Authors: Sigrid Carlsson, Alexandra Maschino, Fritz Schröder, Chris Bangma, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Theo van der Kwast, Geert van Leenders, Andrew Vickers, Hans Lilja, Monique J. Roobol
Journal: European Urology (2013)
A Cohort Study of Tumoral LINE-1 Hypomethylation and Prognosis in Colon Cancer
Authors: Shuji Ogino, Katsuhiko Nosho, Gregory J. Kirkner, Takako Kawasaki, Andrew T. Chan, Eva S. Schernhammer, Edward L. Giovannucci, Charles S. Fuchs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation plays has an important role in genomic instability and colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between cellular DNA methylation level and patient outcome remains uncertain. Using 643 colon cancers in two independent prospective cohorts, we quantified DNA methylation in repetitive long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) elements using pyrosequencing, which is a good indicator of global DNA methylation level. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of colon cancer-specific and overall mortality, adjusting for patient and tumoral features, including CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Statistical tests were two-sided. LINE-1 hypomethylation was linearly associated with a statistically significant increase in colon cancer-specific mortality (for a 30% decrease in LINE-1 methylation: multivariable HR = 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42 to 3.94; P(trend) < .001) and overall mortality (multivariable HR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.25 to 2.75; P(trend) = .002). The association was consistent across the two independent cohorts and strata of clinical and molecular characteristics, including sex, age, tumor location, stage, and CIMP, microsatellite instability, KRAS, BRAF, p53, and chromosomal instability status. In conclusion, tumoral LINE-1 hypomethylation is independently associated with shorter survival among colon cancer patients.
Effect of tobacco smoking on survival of men and women by social position: a 28 year cohort study
Authors: L. Gruer, C. L Hart, D. S Gordon, G. C M Watt
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the impact of tobacco smoking on the survival of men and women in different social positions. <b>Design</b> A cohort observational study. <b>Setting</b> Renfrew and Paisley, two towns in west central Scotland. <b>Participants</b> 8353 women and 7049 men aged 45-64 years recruited in 1972-6 (almost 80% of the population in this age group). The cohort was divided into 24 groups by sex (male, female), smoking status (current, former, or never smokers), and social class (classes I + II, III non-manual, III manual, and IV + V) or deprivation category of place of residence. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Relative mortality (adjusted for age and other risk factors) in the different groups; Kaplan-Meier survival curves and survival rates at 28 years. <b>Results</b> Of those with complete data, 4387/7988 women and 4891/6967 men died over the 28 years. Compared with women in social classes I + II who had never smoked (the group with lowest mortality), the adjusted relative mortality of smoking groups ranged from 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.3) to 4.2 (3.3 to 5.5). Former smokers' mortalities were closer to those of never smokers than those of smokers. By social class (highest first), age adjusted survival rates after 28 years were 65%, 57%, 53%, and 56% for female never smokers; 41%, 42%, 33%, and 35% for female current smokers; 53%, 47%, 38%, and 36% for male never smokers; and 24%, 24%, 19%, and 18% for male current smokers. Analysis by deprivation category gave similar results. <b>Conclusions</b> Among both women and men, never smokers had much better survival rates than smokers in all social positions. Smoking itself was a greater source of health inequality than social position and nullified women's survival advantage over men. This suggests the scope for reducing health inequalities related to social position in this and similar populations is limited unless many smokers in lower social positions stop smoking.
Scleroderma and autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with ingestion of l-tryptophan
Authors: J.M. MORGAN, S.J. ADAMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Scleroderma and autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with ingestion of l‐tryptophan Get access J.M. MORGAN, J.M. MORGAN Department of Dermatology, Carter Bequest Hospital, Cambridge Road, Middlesbrough TS5 5NH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.J. ADAMS S.J. ADAMS Department of Dermatology, Carter Bequest Hospital, Cambridge Road, Middlesbrough TS5 5NH, U.K. Dr S.J. Adams, Department of Dermatology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Wonford), Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 5, 1 May 1993, Pages 581–583, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00241.x Published: 01 May 1993 Article history Accepted: 15 November 1992 Published: 01 May 1993
Treatment of community-onset, childhood convulsive status epilepticus: a prospective, population-based study
Authors: Richard FM Chin, Brian GR Neville, Catherine Peckham, Angie Wade, Helen Bedford, Rod C Scott
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2008)

Episodes of childhood convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) commonly start in the community. Treatment of CSE aims to minimise the length of seizures, treat the causes, and reduce adverse outcomes; however, there is a paucity of data on the treatment of childhood CSE. We report the findings from a systematic, population-based study on the treatment of community-onset childhood CSE.We collected data prospectively on children in north London, UK, who had episodes of CSE (ascertainment 62-84%). The factors associated with seizure termination after first-line and second-line therapies, episodes of CSE lasting for longer than 60 min, and respiratory depression were analysed with logistic regression. Analysis was per protocol, and adjustment was made for repeat episodes in individuals.182 children of median age 3.24 years (range 0.16-15.98 years) were included in the North London Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Childhood Surveillance Study (NLSTEPSS) between May, 2002, and April, 2004. 61% (147) of 240 episodes were treated prehospital, of which 32 (22%) episodes were terminated. Analysis with multivariable models showed that treatment with intravenous lorazepam (n=107) in the accident and emergency department was associated with a 3.7 times (95% CI 1.7-7.9) greater likelihood of seizure termination than was treatment with rectal diazepam (n=80). Treatment with intravenous phenytoin (n=32) as a second-line therapy was associated with a 9 times (95% CI 3-27) greater likelihood of seizure termination than was treatment with rectal paraldehyde (n=42). No treatment prehospital (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.5) and more than two doses of benzodiazepines (OR 3.6, 1.9-6.7) were associated with episodes that lasted for more than 60 min. Treatment with more than two doses of benzodiazepines was associated with respiratory depression (OR 2.9, 1.4-6.1). Children with intermittent CSE arrived at the accident and emergency department later after seizure onset than children with continuous CSE did (median 45 min [range 11-514 min] vs 30 min [5-90 min]; p<0.0001, Mann-Whitney U test); for each minute delay from onset of CSE to arrival at the accident and emergency department there was a 5% cumulative increase in the risk of the episode lasting more than 60 min.These data add to the debate on optimum emergency treatment of childhood CSE and suggest that the current guidelines could be updated.
The diagnosis and management of rectal cancer: expert discussion and recommendations derived from the 9th World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer, Barcelona, 2007
Authors: E. Van Cutsem, M. Dicato, K. Haustermans, N. Arber, J.-F. Bosset, D. Cunningham, A. De Gramont, E. Diaz-Rubio, M. Ducreux, R. Goldberg, R. Glynne-Jones, D. Haller, Y.-K. Kang, D. Kerr, R. Labianca, B.D. Minsky, M. Moore, B. Nordlinger, P. Rougier, W. Scheithauer, H.-J. Schmoll, A. Sobrero, J. Tabernero, M. Tempero, C. Van de Velde, J. Zalcberg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Transfer Promotes Cardiac Vagal Gain of Function
Authors: R.M. Mohan, D.A. Heaton, E.J.F. Danson, S.P.R. Krishnan, S. Cai, K.M. Channon, D.J. Paterson
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO) generated from neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS-1) in intrinsic cardiac ganglia has been implicated in parasympathetic-induced bradycardia. We provide direct evidence that NOS-1 acts in a site-specific manner to promote cardiac vagal neurotransmission and bradycardia. NOS-1 gene transfer to the guinea pig right atrium increased protein expression and NOS-1 immunolocalization in cholinergic ganglia. It also increased the release of acetylcholine and enhanced the heart rate (HR) response to vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in vitro and in vivo. NOS inhibition normalized the HR response to VNS in the NOS-1–treated group compared with the control groups (enhanced green fluorescent protein and sham) in vitro. In contrast, an acetylcholine analogue reduced HR to the same extent in all groups before and during NOS inhibition. These results demonstrate that NOS-1–derived NO acts presynaptically to facilitate vagally induced bradycardia and that upregulation of NOS-1 via gene transfer may provide a novel method for increasing cardiac vagal function.
P43 Patients’ experiences of early post-hospitalisation pulmonary rehabilitation: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: SL Fleming, SE Jones, S Green, AL Clark, C Howe, SSC Kon, M Dickson, J Godden, D Bell, BM Haselden, WD-C Man
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Early post-hospitalisation pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) following acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) improves health-related quality of life, increases exercise capacity and reduces rate of hospital readmission. However, only a minority of eligible patients are referred to or receive this intervention (Jones <i>et al</i> Thorax 2013). We explored patient acceptability for post-AECOPD PR and the referral process through face-to-face audio- and video-taped interviews. <h3>Methods</h3> Ten patients were interviewed using experience based co-design (EBCD) methodology: six PR “completers”, one PR starter who subsequently withdrew, and 3 patients who declined PR. The films were analysed and edited to represent the common themes. A patient-staff event was held to co-design a patient information leaflet and video. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, the patient completers were positive about their experience. They most liked: the atmosphere; the equipment; group social interaction; doing more exercise than they thought they could; learning how to manage their lung condition. They least liked: getting there; being ‘shattered’ afterwards; no tea and coffee break; no introductions. For patients who declined, the reasons given were: <i>“I don’t know what rehab is …… no-one has explained it”; “I was never offered rehab”; “It is too far away- I would go if transport was paid for.”</i> A recurring theme was that patients had poor recall of information provided during hospital admission. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The findings highlighted the complexity of interactions between patient and healthcare professionals. In response to this, an information leaflet and video are being produced using the filmed interviews and feedback from the patient staff co-design event to facilitate the referral process. The best timing and delivery of patient information is currently being evaluated. Other themes were improving PR accessibility and enhancing social aspects of PR. Two new community sites were opened to provide wider coverage of the borough andrefreshments are now offered routinely during education classes. Furthermore, patients and staff are introduced to each other routinely at the beginning of PR classes. 159 referrals for post-AECOPD PR have been made in the past 18 months and patient satisfaction rates are 98%. The EBCD approach was ideal in engaging patients in the co-design of service improvements.
Focal sialadenitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and spondyloarthropathy: a comparison with patients with rheumatoid arthritis or mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: L M J Helenius
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To investigate the occurrence of and risk factors for focal sialadenitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and spondyloarthropathy (SpA). <h3>METHODS</h3> A total of 85 patients (25 with RA, 19 with MCTD, 19 with AS, 22 with SpA) participated in the study. Each patient filled out a questionnaire for eye and oral symptoms and for the use of medication, and was interviewed; other tests included Schirmer9s test, laboratory tests, collection of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva, and minor salivary gland biopsy. A focus score of ⩾1 was regarded as an indicator of focal sialadenitis. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Focal sialadenitis was observed in 68% (57/84) of all patients. It affected 80% (20/25) of the patients with RA, 94% (17/18) of those with MCTD, 58% (11/19) of those with AS, and 41% (9/22) of those with SpA (χ<sup>2</sup> test, p=0.0013). Salivary secretion correlated negatively with the focus scores—that is, severity of focal sialadenitis. Patients with focal sialadenitis had both decreased salivary secretion and decreased tear secretion significantly more often than did patients without (χ<sup>2</sup> test, p=0.0074 and p=0.048 respectively). Patients with positive rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), or SSA or SSB antibodies had sialadenitis significantly more often than did patients with negative antibodies. In the subgroup of patients with AS or SpA, no associations were found between focal sialadenitis and the presence of these antibodies. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> In addition to patients with RA or MCTD, focal sialadenitis also affects a very high proportion of patients with AS or SpA. Focus scores are significantly higher in patients with RA or MCTD than in those with AS or SpA. A significant association exists between focal sialadenitis and RF, ANA, SSA and SSB. However, in the subgroup of patients with AS or SpA, no associations were found between focal sialadenitis and serological markers or clinical symptoms.
Cost of Cancer Care: Issues and Implications
Authors: Neal J. Meropol, Kevin A. Schulman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Medical technology is increasingly costly in most fields of clinical medicine. Oncology has not been spared from issues related to cost, in part resulting from the tremendous scientific progress that has lead to new tools for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of our patients. The increasing cost of health care in general (and cancer care in particular) raises complex questions related to its effects on our economy and the citizens of our society. This article reviews the macroeconomic principles and individual behaviors that govern medical spending, and examines how cost disproportionately affects various populations. Our overall goal is to frame debate about health policy concerns that influence the clinical practice of oncology.
HRES-1/Rab4-mediated depletion of Drp1 impairs mitochondrial homeostasis and represents a target for treatment in SLE
Authors: Tiffany N Caza, David R Fernandez, Gergely Talaber, Zachary Oaks, Mark Haas, Michael P Madaio, Zhi-wei Lai, Gabriella Miklossy, Ram R Singh, Dmitriy M Chudakov, Walter Malorni, Frank Middleton, Katalin Banki, Andras Perl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Malingering can be defined as the abuse of the right to benefit from the health services. In this study, the frequency of the malingering cases in Basic Military Training Centres (BMTCs) and the behaviours and the attitudes of the military physicians towards the recruits who are suspected malingerers were described. <h3>Method</h3> A total of 17 general practitioners in nine different BMTCs in different regions of Turkey constitute the universe of this descriptive study. In the questionnaire, there were a total of 30 questions about the descriptive characteristics of the participants and their attitudes and behaviours towards malingering. Informed consent form and a questionnaire were applied through the intranet via participants9 emails. In the study, 15 physicians were reached with a response rate of 88.2%. <h3>Results</h3> All of the physicians suspected malingering in some of the soldiers who were examined. A total of 80% of the physicians (n=12) suspected malingering in at least 10% of the patients they examined. Only 13.3% of the physicians (n=2) had officially diagnosed a case of malingering in the last training period. All of the participants stated that they did not report the official decision for every soldier suspected of malingering. Instead of reporting official decision for malingering, the military physicians apply alternative procedures for suspected malingerers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In countries where the military service is compulsory, prevalence of malingering is estimated to be higher (approximately 5–25%). The problem of malingering is often underestimated due to the fact it is usually overlooked. Malingering remains a problem for the entire military healthcare system, due to the difficulties in exact diagnosis. Therefore, it can be useful to take some practical administrative measures for the soldiers who are prone to malingering, in order to discourage the behaviour.