tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS OF A SERIES OF CASES OF HYPERTENSION AND HYPOTENSION TREATED AT VITTEL
Authors: H. J. Johnston-Lavis
Journal: BMJ (1913)

published a Case of eardiolysis.A boy of 15, who appeared to be at the point of death from cardial failure, supposed to be secondary to adhesions of the pericardiulmi to the' heart musele and to sur- rounding tissues and organs, was operated upon by Mr. Barling on June 17th.Every method of treatment had previously been tried but had failed to relieve him.At the operation about 14 in. of ribs over the praecordial region were remloved and adhesions to the sternum and ribs were broken down.Good results were almost instantaneous; four days later the pulse, which had always been from 100 to 120 per minute, fell to 60. Diastolic bruits which had been audible could no longer be heard, and the only systolic murmur a"udible was over the mitral orifice.Three weeks later it was noted that, tllough his pulse was irregular, he was comfortable and much less eyanosed than formerly.His breathlessness had vanished, he was able to walk up and down stairs, oedema had disappeared from his legs,-and the marked ascites was no longer existent.The improvement was quite remarkable, and contlnued until the end of October, when he-gradually began to fail.All the' old symptoms reappeared, and, though he was treated continuously either in the General or the JafEray Hospital, nothing could be done for him.Death occurred at the end of March.A very carefulpost-mortem examina- tion was made for me by Dr. Parsons and Mr. Haycraft, and the result of their examination, for which I am greatly indebted to them,
Joint Loss of PAX2 and PTEN Expression in Endometrial Precancers and Cancer
Authors: Nicolas M. Monte, Kaitlyn A. Webster, Donna Neuberg, Gregory R. Dressler, George L. Mutter
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Latent endometrial carcinoma precancers are normal-appearing endometrial glands with sporadic loss of tumor suppressor gene function such as PTEN. Progression to carcinoma is inefficient and requires additional genetic damage that creates a histologic precursor lesion called endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN). In this study, we examined loss of PAX2 expression, a gene required for embryonic uterine development, during endometrial carcinogenesis. Normal proliferative, EIN, and malignant (endometrial adenocarcinoma) endometrial tissues were immunostained for PTEN and PAX2. Proliferative samples with loss of protein in at least one gland were scored as latent precancers. EIN and cancer lesions were scored by the majority pattern. Overall prevalence and topography of joint PAX2-PTEN expression loss was examined. The prevalence of PAX2 protein loss in the sequence of normal to precancer to cancer was 36%, 71%, and 77%, respectively, and for PTEN, it was 49%, 44%, and 68%, respectively. The normal endometrial prevalence of PAX2- or PTEN-deficient latent precancers was unaffected by biopsy indication, but increased significantly with age. Coincident loss of PAX2 and PTEN expression in an individual normal endometrium was seen in 21% of patients, but usually involved different glands. Coincident loss was more common in precancers (31%) and carcinoma (55%), in which case, both markers were protein null in an overlapping clonal distribution. PAX2 and PTEN protein loss occurs independently and accumulates with increasing age in latent precancers of normal premenopausal endometrium. Loss of function of both genes in an overlapping distribution characterizes the clinical emergence of a premalignant lesion which is carried forward to carcinoma. Cancer Res; 70(15); 6225–32. ©2010 AACR.
Relationship between Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake at Positron Emission Tomography and Surgical Stage with Relevance to Patient Prognosis
Authors: Hubert Vesselle, Eric Turcotte, Linda Wiens, Rodney Schmidt, Julie E. Takasugi, Tasneem Lalani, Eric Vallières, Douglas E. Wood
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Because the tumor stage is the most significant prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and given that NSCLC [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake appears to have prognostic significance, we examined the relationship between NSCLC 18F-FDG uptake and surgical stage. Experimental Design: One hundred seventy-eight patients with a proven diagnosis of NSCLC were enrolled, then imaged with 18F-FDG positron emission tomography and their disease thoroughly staged. Primary tumor size at computed tomography and 18F-FDG uptake were compared to overall tumor stage and to T, N, and M stage descriptors. Tumor uptake was quantitated by maximum pixel-standardized uptake value (maxSUV) and then partial volume corrected for lesion size using recovery coefficients. Results: A significant difference in tumor size was associated with tumors of different TNM stage, T status, N status, or M status. Similarly, the primary tumor maxSUV was significantly associated with TNM stage, T status, and M status. However, we observed no significant difference in the partial-volume-corrected tumor maxSUV for different stages; different T, N, or M descriptors; tumors without evidence of spread (N0M0) versus tumors with nodal spread (N1,2,3M0); or tumors without spread (N0M0) versus all others. Conclusions: We found an association between tumor stage and 18F-FDG maxSUV, but this relationship disappeared after correction of tumor uptake for lesion size. Therefore, if partial-volume-corrected 18F-FDG uptake is prognostic of NSCLC outcome, it is not on the basis of a relationship with tumor stage but through a different mechanism.
Mouse Models of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Frank C. Brosius, Charles E. Alpers, Erwin P. Bottinger, Matthew D. Breyer, Thomas M. Coffman, Susan B. Gurley, Raymond C. Harris, Masao Kakoki, Matthias Kretzler, Edward H. Leiter, Moshe Levi, Richard A. McIndoe, Kumar Sharma, Oliver Smithies, Katalin Susztak, Nobuyuki Takahashi, Takamune Takahashi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of ESRD worldwide. Despite its prevalence, a lack of reliable animal models that mimic human disease has delayed the identification of specific factors that cause or predict diabetic nephropathy. The Animal Models of Diabetic Complications Consortium (AMDCC) was created in 2001 by the National Institutes of Health to develop and characterize models of diabetic nephropathy and other complications. This interim report and our online supplement detail the progress made toward that goal, specifically in the development and testing of murine models. Updates are provided on validation criteria for early and advanced diabetic nephropathy, phenotyping methods, the effect of background strain on nephropathy, current best models of diabetic nephropathy, negative models, and views of future directions. AMDCC investigators and other investigators in the field have yet to validate a complete murine model of human diabetic kidney disease. Nonetheless, the critical analysis of existing murine models substantially enhances our understanding of this disease process.
Exhaled nitric oxide in children with severe asthma
Authors: Jon Konradsen, Björn Nordlund, Christophe Pedroletti, Kjell Alving, Gunilla Hedlin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction : Exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation, but the relationship between FENO and asthma severity is uncertain. We compared FENO normalized against reference values (%FENO) in children with Problematic severe (PA) and controlled (CA) asthma and investigated whether increased %FENO is associated with morbidity, irrespective of predefined severity classification.

Methods : Children with PA had recurrent symptoms despite treatment with ≥800 µg Budesonide, those with CA had few symptoms with 100-400 µg. The protocol included Asthma control test, spirometry (%), methacholine provocation (dose response slope), FENO (p.p.b.), computerized tomography (CT) of the lungs (PA only) and blood sampling for eosinophils (109 x L-1) and IgE (kU/L). The difference between measured and expected FENO (Ln(FENO) = 0.0112 x height (cm) + 0.641) were given in percentages (%FENO).

Results: Children with PA (n=57, age 13y) had a trend towards higher levels of FENO and %FENO compared to children with CA (n=39, age 14y): 22 (10-40) vs. 17 (9-26), p=0.13 and 210% (101-367) vs. 139% (85-216), p=0.07, respectively. When analysing all children (n=96), those with %FENO>200 had reduced asthma control (18.5 (17-20) vs. 20.4 (19-22), p=0.04) and FEV1/FVC (77 (74-81) vs. 83 (81-86), p=0.004) and increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness (54 (5-67) vs. 2 (0.4-36), p=0.001), bronchial wall thickening on CT (25 (21-29) vs. 17 (14-19), p=0.004), eosinophils (0.5 (0.4-0.6) vs. 0.3 (0.2-0.3), p<0.001) and IgE (539 (253-1525) vs. 140 (43-425), p<0.001) compared to those with %FENO<200.

Conclusion: Children with high levels of %FENO have increased morbidity which is partly independent of predefined severity classification.
Serotonin Metabolism Is Dysregulated in Cholangiocarcinoma, which Has Implications for Tumor Growth
Authors: Gianfranco Alpini, Pietro Invernizzi, Eugenio Gaudio, Julie Venter, Shelley Kopriva, Francesca Bernuzzi, Paolo Onori, Antonio Franchitto, Monique Coufal, Gabriel Frampton, Domenico Alvaro, Sum P. Lee, Marco Marzioni, Antonio Benedetti, Sharon DeMorrow
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating cancer of biliary origin with limited treatment options. Symptoms are usually evident after blockage of the bile duct by the tumor, and at this late stage, they are relatively resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Therefore, it is imperative that alternative treatment options are explored. We present novel data indicating that the metabolism of serotonin is dysregulated in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, compared with normal cholangiocytes, and tissue and bile from cholangiocarcinoma patients. Specifically, there was an increased expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 and a suppression of monoamine oxidase A expression (enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of serotonin, respectively) in cholangiocarcinoma. This resulted in an increased secretion of serotonin from cholangiocarcinoma and increased serotonin in the bile from cholangiocarcinoma patients. Increased local serotonin release may have implications on cholangiocarcinoma cell growth. Serotonin administration increased cholangiocarcinoma cell growth in vitro, whereas inhibition of serotonin synthesis decreases tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. The data presented here represent the first evidence that serotonin metabolism is dysregulated in cholangiocarcinoma and that modulation of serotonin synthesis may represent an alternative target for the development of therapeutic strategies. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9184–93]
Hemophilic factor VIII C1- and C2-domain missense mutations and their modeling to the 1.5-angstrom human C2-domain crystal structure
Authors: Miao-Liang Liu, Betty W. Shen, Shelley Nakaya, Kathleen P. Pratt, Kazuo Fujikawa, Earl W. Davie, Barry L. Stoddard, Arthur R. Thompson
Journal: Blood (2000)
Chemoprevention, Risk Reduction, Therapeutic Prevention, or Preventive Therapy?
Authors: F. L. Meyskens, C. E. McLaren
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq466 Advance Access publication on November 29, 2010. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. Chemoprevention, Risk Reduction, Therapeutic Prevention, or Preventive Therapy? Frank L. Meyskens Jr, Christine E. McLaren Correspondence to: Frank L Meyskens, Jr, MD, FACP, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Dr, Rt. 81, Bldg 23, Rm 406, Orange, CA 92868-3298 (e-mail: flmeyske@uci.edu) In this issue of the Journal, Elmets et al. (1) report a randomized placebo-controlled trial of a moderate dose (ie, 200 mg twice daily) of celecoxib vs placebo in patients who have 10–40 actinic keratoses jnci.oxfordjournals.org and Fitzpatrick sun-reactive skin types I, II, or III. The primary outcome was the number of new actinic keratoses after treatment. Although the number of actinic keratoses did not differ between the JNCI Editorials 1815
Hyperhomocysteinemia and Increased Risk of Retinopathy: A cross-sectional, case-control study in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Aneliya Parvanova, Ilian Iliev, Borislav D. Dimitrov, Federica Arnoldi, Jelka Zaletel, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Piero Ruggenenti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Increased total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) level—secondary to excessive alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, or deficiency of methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase—is one new identified risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and for macrovascular complications of diabetes (1,2). Homocysteine (Hcy)-induced vascular damage is probably initiated by reactive oxygen species formed during Hcy auto-oxidation in plasma and results in decreased nitric oxide production, platelet activation, impaired arterial vasodilatation, and isolated systolic hypertension (1).

To assess whether hyperhomocysteinemia is also an independent risk factor for microvascular complications, we cross-sectionally studied the relations among tHcy levels, diabetic retinopathy (diagnosed by indirect ophtalmoscopy and retinal photography), insulin sensitivity and glomerular filtration rate (measured by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and unlabeled iohexol …
Association Between Obstetric Mode of Delivery and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Eileen A. Curran, Christina Dalman, Patricia M. Kearney, Louise C. Kenny, John F. Cryan, Timothy G. Dinan, Ali S. Khashan
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

IMPORTANCEBecause the rates of cesarean section (CS) are increasing worldwide, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the long-term effects that mode of delivery may have on child development.OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between obstetric mode of delivery and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Perinatal factors and ASD diagnoses based on theInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the Swedish National Patient Register.We conducted stratified Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to examine the effect of mode of delivery on ASD.We then used conditional logistic regression to perform a sibling design study, which consisted of sibling pairs discordant on ASD status.Analyses were adjusted for year of birth (ie, partially adjusted) and then fully adjusted for various perinatal and sociodemographic factors.The population-based cohort study consisted of all singleton live births in Sweden from January 1, 1982, through December 31, 2010.Children were followed up until first diagnosis of ASD, death, migration, or December 31, 2011 (end of study period), whichever came first.The full cohort consisted of 2 697 315 children and 28 290 cases of ASD.Sibling control analysis consisted of 13 411 sibling pairs.EXPOSURES Obstetric mode of delivery defined as unassisted vaginal delivery (VD), assisted VD, elective CS, and emergency CS (defined by before or after onset of labor). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe ASD status as defined using codes from the ICD-9 (code 299) and ICD-10 (code F84). RESULTSIn adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, elective CS (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.15-1.27)and emergency CS (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.20)were associated with ASD when compared with unassisted VD.In the sibling control analysis, elective CS was not associated with ASD in partially (odds ratio [OR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85-1.11)or fully adjusted (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76-1.04)models.Emergency CS was significantly associated with ASD in partially adjusted analysis (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06-1.36),but this effect disappeared in the fully adjusted model (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85-1.11). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThis study confirms previous findings that children born by CS are approximately 20% more likely to be diagnosed as having ASD.However, the association did not persist when using sibling controls, implying that this association is due to familial confounding by genetic and/or environmental factors.
PHYSICIANS AS PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS: PRIVATE PRACTICE EXPERIENCE
Authors: MANUEL M. PEARSON, EDWARD A. STRECKER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

Psychiatric illnesses account for a considerable amount of the morbidity among doctors. Although no one knows the exact incidence, the treatment of emotionally ill doctors falls into the special province of the psychiatrist in private practice. Several significant early signs of emotional disturbance, particularly in the conduct of his profession, stand out; such as a hurried existence, self-doubts about the ordinary medical procedures, excessive tension when confronted with a difficult diagnostic problem, and gradual neglect of his practice. The most common long standing unhealthy life attitude was a morbid, self-sacrificing, driven existence, best described as masochism since it always exposed him to exploitation by others. Much delay was the general rule before a doctor got into therapy, even though therapy turned out satisfactorily in spite of stressful situational problems. While the types of disorders ran the gamut of the different diagnostic categories, the largest number had the diagnosis of personality disorder. Twice as many specialists as general practitioners made up this group. The treatment was largely outpatient psychotherapy. The cardinal principle in management consisted in treating the physician-patient, purposefully omitting the fact of his special medical education.
Human immature myeloid dendritic cells trigger a TH2-polarizing program via Jagged-1/Notch interaction
Authors: Francesco Liotta, Francesca Frosali, Valentina Querci, Andrej Mantei, Lucia Filì, Laura Maggi, Benedetta Mazzinghi, Roberta Angeli, Elisa Ronconi, Veronica Santarlasci, Tiziana Biagioli, Laura Lasagni, Clara Ballerini, Paola Parronchi, Alexander Scheffold, Lorenzo Cosmi, Enrico Maggi, Sergio Romagnani, Francesco Annunziato
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Development of Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Troy D. Randall, Damian M. Carragher, Javier Rangel-Moreno
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2008)

Secondary lymphoid organs develop during embryogenesis or in the first few weeks after birth according to a highly coordinated series of interactions between newly emerging hematopoietic cells and immature mesenchymal or stromal cells. These interactions are orchestrated by homeostatic chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors that attract hematopoietic cells to sites of future lymphoid organ development and promote their survival and differentiation. In turn, lymphotoxin-expressing hematopoietic cells trigger the differentiation of stromal and endothelial cells that make up the scaffolding of secondary lymphoid organs. Lymphotoxin signaling also maintains the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines that govern the ultimate structure and function of secondary lymphoid organs. Here we describe the current paradigm of secondary lymphoid organ development and discuss the subtle differences in the timing, molecular interactions, and cell types involved in the development of each secondary lymphoid organ.
HDAC2 attenuates TRAIL-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Susanne Schüler, Petra Fritsche, Sandra Diersch, Alexander Arlt, Roland M. Schmid, Dieter Saur, Günter Schneider
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant tumors with a dismal prognosis and no effective conservative therapeutic strategies. Although it is demonstrated that histone deacetylases (HDACs), especially the class I HDACs HDAC1, 2 and 3 are highly expressed in this disease, little is known about HDAC isoenzyme specific functions.Depletion of HDAC2, but not HDAC1, in the pancreatic cancer cell lines MiaPaCa2 and Panc1 resulted in a marked sensitization towards the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Correspondingly, the more class I selective HDAC inhibitor (HDACI) valproic acid (VPA) synergized with TRAIL to induce apoptosis of MiaPaCa2 and Panc1 cells. At the molecular level, an increased expression of the TRAIL receptor 1 (DR5), accelerated processing of caspase 8, pronounced cleavage of the BH3-only protein Bid, and increased effector caspase activation was observed in HDAC2-depleted and TRAIL-treated MiaPaCa2 cells.Our data characterize a novel HDAC2 function in PDAC cells and point to a strategy to overcome TRAIL resistance of PDAC cells, a prerequisite to succeed with a TRAIL targeted therapy in clinical settings.
The influence of socioeconomic status on the reporting of regional and widespread musculoskeletal pain: results from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study
Authors: G J Macfarlane, G Norrie, K Atherton, C Power, G T Jones
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

This study aims to determine to what extent the reporting of pain in adulthood varies by adult socioeconomic status, whether there are additional long-term effects of socioeconomic status in childhood and whether any such relationships are mediated through adult psychological ill health.A prospective cohort study (the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study) was conducted. Participants were recruited, at birth, in 1958 and were followed-up throughout childhood and adulthood, most recently at 45 years when information was collected on regional and widespread pain, and various potential mediating factors.The prevalence of shoulder, forearm, low back, knee and chronic widespread pain at 45 years generally increased with lower adult social class. Persons in the lowest social class (compared to the highest) experienced nearly a threefold increase in the risk of chronic widespread pain: relative risk: 2.9 (95% CI 1.8 to 4.6). The strength of association varied between 1.5 and 2.0 for regional pains. Childhood social class also demonstrated a relationship with most regional pains and chronic widespread pain. With the exception of forearm pain, the magnitude of effect of childhood social status on reporting of pain in adulthood was less than that of adult social status. On multivariable analysis these relationships were partly explained by poor adult mental health, psychological distress, adverse life events and lifestyle factors.These results emphasise the importance and potential impact of measures to reduce social adversity, which will have the effect of improving musculoskeletal health in adult life and other major causes of morbidity.
Toward a strategy for healthy adolescent development
Authors: D A Hamburg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Mel Sabshin and I worked closely together during the 1950s, and his influence on me-as on so many others-has persisted ever since. I have never ceased to be deeply impressed by his intellectual curiosity, his strong sense of social responsibility, his integrative capacity across disciplines, and his constructive problem-solving orientation. One of his pioneering and enduring interests over several decades has been in the study of normality. Within that frame-work, he has devoted special attention to adolescent development. In this article I pick up on this strand of his interest. During much of my career, and especially during the past 14 years at the Carnegie Corporation, I have sought ways to build the knowledge base on adolescent development and put that knowledge to use in preventing lifelong casualties.
Bilateral empyema and purulent pericarditis due to Haemophilus influenzae capsular type b.
Authors: R Iggo, R Higgins
Journal: Thorax (1988)

A previously fit woman developed a sore throat followed by bilateral empyema and pericarditis due to haemophilus influenzae capsular type b. She was treated successfully with antibiotics, bilateral thoracotomies, and pericardotomy.