tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic variation in the response to the human immunodeficiency virus among derivatives of the CEM T and WIL-2 B cell lines.
Authors: S Chaffee, J M Leeds, T J Matthews, K J Weinhold, M Skinner, D P Bolognesi, M S Hershfield
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Derivatives of the CEM T and WIL-2 B cell lines showed striking diversity in their responses to the HTLV-IIIB strain of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Several stable phenotypic patterns could be defined, based on whether cells were permissive (P+, P-) for virus production, were sensitive or insensitive to cytopathic effects after infection by free virus (C+, C-), and whether they underwent fusion on contact with virus-infected cells (F+, F-). Although expression of CD4 was essential for infection by HTLV-IIIB, very low levels were sufficient for productive infection of WIL-2 derivatives. Conversely, some CEM T cell lines that expressed ample CD4, and which were able to bind virus gp120 and undergo fusion, did not support productive infection by free virus. One nonpermissive, CD4+ derivative of CEM could bind gp120 but failed to undergo fusion, suggesting an alteration in some membrane protein other than CD4 that is essential for virus entry and HIV-induced cell fusion. The AA2 derivative of the WIL-2 cell line is also described, which is remarkably permissive for HIV replication and exquisitely sensitive to virus cytopathic effect. The panel of related cell lines with different host-virus phenotypes could be useful for more precisely defining steps in the infectious cycle of HIV, and for identifying host cell genes and gene products that determine the outcome of HIV infection.
Heterogeneity in the Relationship Between Ethnicity, BMI, and Fasting Insulin
Authors: Latha P. Palaniappan, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Stephen P. Fortmann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To determine whether the association of BMI and fasting insulin is modified by ethnicity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Non-Hispanic black (black), non-Hispanic white (white), and Mexican-American men and women aged 20–80 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) were included in this study. Linear regression models with an interaction term were used to test whether ethnicity modified the association between BMI and fasting insulin. RESULTS—Fasting insulin was 19, 26, 20, and 19% higher in black women than white women with BMI levels of &amp;lt;22, 22–24, 25–27, and 28–30 kg/m2, respectively. These differences between black and white women converged at BMI levels &amp;gt;30 kg/m2. Mexican-American women had fasting insulin levels that were 17, 22, 20, and 16% higher than those of white women at BMI levels of 25–27, 28–30, 31–33, and &amp;gt;34 kg/m2, respectively, but were not different in individuals with BMI levels &amp;lt;25 kg/m2. Adjusting for established risk factors did not attenuate these associations in women. Differences in fasting insulin among men were not as apparent. CONCLUSIONS—These findings suggest that the effect of obesity on insulin sensitivity is different for Americans in ethnic minorities. In black subjects, fasting insulin is higher at lean weight when compared with white and Mexican-American subjects. In Mexican-American subjects, fasting insulin is higher in overweight individuals when compared with white and black subjects. These findings are more pronounced in women than in men. This result reinforces the importance of designing prevention programs that are tailored to meet the needs of specific populations. Investigation of possible explanations for these differences seems warranted.
Promoting Mindfulness in Psychotherapists in Training Influences the Treatment Results of Their Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study
Authors: Ludwig Grepmair, Ferdinand Mitterlehner, Thomas Loew, Egon Bachler, Wolfhardt Rother, Marius Nickel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; All therapists direct their attention in some manner during psychotherapy. A special form of directing attention, ‘mindfulness’, is recommended. This study aimed to examine whether, and to what extent, promoting mindfulness in psychotherapists in training (PiT) influences the treatment results of their patients. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The therapeutic course and treatment results of 124 inpatients, who were treated for 9 weeks by 18 PiTs, were compared. The PiTs were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: (i) those practicing Zen meditation (MED; n = 9 or (ii) control group, which did not perform meditation (noMED; n = 9). The results of treatment (according to the intent-to-treat principle) were examined using the Session Questionnaire for General and Differen-tial Individual Psychotherapy (STEP), the Questionnaire of Changes in Experience and Behavior (VEV) and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Compared to the noMED group (n = 61), the patients of PiTs from the MED group (n = 63) had significantly higher evaluations (according to the intent-to-treat principle) for individual therapy on 2 STEP scales, clarification and problem-solving perspectives. Their evaluations were also significantly higher for the entire therapeutic result on the VEV. Furthermore, the MED group showed greater symptom reduction than the noMED group on the Global Severity Index and 8 SCL-90-R scales, including Somatization, Insecurity in Social Contact, Obsessiveness, Anxiety, Anger/Hostility, Phobic Anxiety, Paranoid Thinking and Psychoticism. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; This study indicates that promoting mindfulness in PiTs could positively influence the therapeutic course and treatment results in their patients.
Clinical aspects of exhaled nitric oxide
Authors: SA Kharitonov, PJ Barnes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

There has been intense research into the role nitric oxide (NO) plays in physiological and pathological mechanisms and its clinical significance in respiratory medicine. Elevated levels of exhaled levels of exhaled NO in asthma and other inflammatory lung diseases lead to many studies examining NO as potential markers of airway inflammation, enabling repeated noninvasive and standardized monitoring of airway inflammation. In airway inflammation, NO is not merely a marker but may have anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects. Significant correlation has been found between exhaled NO and skin test scores in steroid naive asthmatic patients, allowing to discriminate patients with and without airway responsiveness. Exhaled NO is significantly elevated in acute asthma, or steroid-resistant severe asthma, or when the maintenance dose of inhaled steroids is reduced, and quickly reduced down to the levels in patients with stable asthma after steroid treatment. Exhaled NO has been successfully used to monitor anti-inflammatory treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Exhaled NO is extremely sensitive and rapid marker of the dose-dependent effect of steroid treatment, or asthma deterioration, which is increased to any changes in lung function, provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume, sputum eosinophilia or asthma symptoms. Exhaled NO is not increased in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but patients with unstable COPD, or bronchiectasis have high NO levels. Exhaled and nasal NO are diagnostically low in cystic fibrosis and primary pulmonary dyskinesia. Analysis of exhaled air, including nitric oxide, is feasible and could provide a noninvasive method for use in monitoring and management of lung diseases.
Associations of resting heart rate with concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions in sedentary men.
Authors: P T Williams, W L Haskell, K M Vranizan, S N Blair, R M Krauss, H R Superko, J J Albers, B Frey-Hewitt, P D Wood
Journal: Circulation (1985)

In major prospective studies it has been reported that high heart rate at rest predicts the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men, but the mechanisms producing these relationships are unknown. Since lipoprotein levels contribute strongly to the risk of CHD and CVD, we examined the relationship of resting heart rate to plasma concentrations of high-density (HDL), low-density (LDL), and very low-density (VLDL) lipoproteins, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and A-II, and serum concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions in 81 men to determine if atherogenic lipoproteins could potentially induce the reported association of heart rate with development of CHD or CVD. The significant (p less than or equal to .05) Spearman's correlations for resting heart rate vs HDL2 mass (rs = -.24), HDL3 mass (rs = -.40), HDL cholesterol (rs = -.36), apo A-I (rs = -.29), triglycerides (rs = .31), VLDL cholesterol (rs = .24), VLDL mass (rs = .27), and LDL mass of Sof 0-7 subfraction (rs = .30) lend support to our hypothesis of lipoprotein-induced relationships of CHD with heart rate. The correlations for resting heart rate vs triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, HDL3 mass, VLDL mass, and LDL mass of Sof 0-7 subfraction remain significant when adjusted for adiposity, age, smoking habits, diet, and physical fitness as measured by maximum aerobic power (VO2 max) or submaximal heart rate during a graded exercise test.
Normalization of Diastolic Dysfunction in Aortic Stenosis Late After Valve Replacement
Authors: Bruno Villari, Giuseppe Vassalli, E. Scott Monrad, Massimo Chiariello, Marko Turina, Otto M. Hess
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The remodeling of the left ventricle in patients with aortic stenosis after aortic valve replacement (AVR) is a complex process involving structural and functional changes. Methods and Results Twenty-two patients were included in the present analysis. Twelve patients with severe aortic stenosis were studied before surgery, early (22±8 months) and late (81±22 months) after AVR using left ventricular biplane angiograms, high-fidelity pressure measurements, and endomyocardial biopsies. Ten healthy subjects were used as controls. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed from biplane ejection fraction, and diastolic function from the time constant of relaxation, the peak filling rate, and the myocardial stiffness constant. Left ventricular structure was evaluated from interstitial fibrosis, fibrous content, and muscle fiber diameter. Left ventricular muscle mass was significantly increased before surgery in patients with aortic stenosis and remained increased early after surgery, although there was a 35% decrease. Late after AVR, muscle mass decreased significantly but remained slightly ( P =NS) elevated. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased slightly after AVR. Left ventricular relaxation was significantly prolonged before surgery and returned toward normal early and late after AVR. Peak filling rates remained unchanged before and after surgery. Myocardial stiffness constant was increased before surgery in patients with aortic stenosis compared with controls and increased even further early after AVR but was normalized late after surgery. Muscle fiber diameter was elevated in patients with aortic stenosis before and after surgery compared with controls; however, it decreased significantly early and late after AVR with respect to preoperative data but remained hypertrophied even late after surgery. Interstitial fibrosis and fibrous contents were larger before surgery than in control subjects and increased even more early but decreased significantly late after AVR. Conclusions Diastolic stiffness increases in aortic stenosis early after AVR parallel to the increase in interstitial fibrosis, whereas relaxation rate decreases with a reduction in left ventricular muscle mass. Late after AVR, both diastolic stiffness and relaxation are normalized due to the regression of both muscular and nonmuscular tissue. Thus, reversal of diastolic dysfunction in aortic stenosis takes years and is accompanied by a slow regression of interstitial fibrosis.
Management of acute pancreatitis
Authors: O M Jolobe
Journal: Gut (2005)

No account of the complications of acute pancreatitis ( Gut 2005; 54 :426–36) would be complete without mention of diabetic ketoacidosis as an association, which is either fortuitous or one which exists as a complication in its own right. Recognition of this association has been inhibited by the complicated relationship between diabetic ketoacidosis, acute abdominal pain, and hyperamylassaemia, notwithstanding the fact that, as long ago as 1961, a …
Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Risk of Contralateral Breast Cancer
Authors: H. H. Storm, M. Andersson, J. D. Boice, M. Blettner, M. Stovall, H. T. Mouridsen, P. Dombernowsky, C. Rose, A. Jacobsen, M. Pedersen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Risk of Contralateral Breast Cancer Get access Hans H. Storm, Hans H. Storm Danish Cancer Registry, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer SocietyCopenhagen, Denmark * Correspondence to: Hans H. Storm, M.D., Danish Cancer Registry, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Rosenvaengets Hovedvej 35, Box 839, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Andersson, Michael Andersson Danish Cancer Registry, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society; and Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University HospitalHerlev, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John D. Boice, Jr., John D. Boice, Jr. Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maria Blettner, Maria Blettner Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute; and Division of Epidemiology, German Cancer Research CenterHeidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marilyn Stovall, Marilyn Stovall University of Texas System Cancer CenterHouston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henning T. Mouridsen, Henning T. Mouridsen Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Per Dombernowsky, Per Dombernowsky Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carsten Rose, Carsten Rose Department of Oncology, Odense University HospitalOdense, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anders Jacobsen, Anders Jacobsen Radiumstationen, Århus Municipality HospitalÅrhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mogens Pedersen Mogens Pedersen Radiumstationen, Aalborg HospitalAalborg, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 16, 19 August 1992, Pages 1245–1250, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.16.1245 Published: 19 August 1992 Article history Received: 08 January 1992 Revision received: 18 May 1992 Accepted: 27 May 1992 Published: 19 August 1992
Current census categories are not a good match for identity
Authors: J. Rankin, R. Bhopal
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Pfeffer discusses the complexities of theories of race, ethnicity, and culture.1 Surveys in the United Kingdom (UK) rely on the census question that first appeared in the 1991 census (incorporating colour and country of origin2) to define ethnic groups. The Office of Management and Budget's classification is dominant in the United States.3 Does the menu of terms given to people included in such classifications offer a good choice? Using data from the south Tyneside heart study,4 we compared respondents' identification of their ethnicity using the census question, a description in an open question, country of birth, and country of family …
BCL11B is required for positive selection and survival of double-positive thymocytes
Authors: Diana I. Albu, Dongyun Feng, Debarati Bhattacharya, Nancy A. Jenkins, Neal G. Copeland, Pentao Liu, Dorina Avram
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Transcriptional control of gene expression in double-positive (DP) thymocytes remains poorly understood. We show that the transcription factor BCL11B plays a critical role in DP thymocytes by controlling positive selection of both CD4 and CD8 lineages. BCL11B-deficient DP thymocytes rearrange T cell receptor (TCR) α; however, they display impaired proximal TCR signaling and attenuated extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and calcium flux, which are all required for initiation of positive selection. Further, provision of transgenic TCRs did not improve positive selection of BCL11B-deficient DP thymocytes. BCL11B-deficient DP thymocytes have altered expression of genes with a role in positive selection, TCR signaling, and other signaling pathways intersecting the TCR, which may account for the defect. BCL11B-deficient DP thymocytes also presented increased susceptibility to spontaneous apoptosis associated with high levels of cleaved caspase-3 and an altered balance of proapoptotic/prosurvival factors. This latter susceptibility was manifested even in the absence of TCR signaling and was only partially rescued by provision of the BCL2 transgene, indicating that control of DP thymocyte survival by BCL11B is nonredundant and, at least in part, independent of BCL2 prosurvival factors.
Expression of murine Lm-1 locus. Lm-1 determinants on lymphocytes and macrophages, and effects of Lm-1 incompatibility on bone marrow grafts.
Authors: M M O'Toole, G C Bosma, M J Bosma
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Lm-1 is an Igh-linked locus that codes for cell surface alloantigens (Lm-1 determinants) recognized by T lymphocytes. Using Lm-1 congenic strains and cold-target inhibition of anti-Lm-1-specific lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, we were able to demonstrate differential expression of two distinct Lm-1 antigenic determinants. One determinant is expressed on the surface of T cell blasts, the other on a number of pre-B cell lines. Both determinants are present on B cell blasts. Macrophages also bear Lm-1 determinants, and possibly express a determinant not found on lymphocytes. Fibroblasts, (unstimulated) thymocytes, and immature T cells lack detectable Lm-1 determinants. These data indicate that expression of the Lm-1 locus is dependent on cell lineage and the stage of cell differentiation or activation. We propose that Lm-1 is a lymphocyte-macrophage differentiation locus containing a number of structurally and functionally related genes. Evidence was presented that Lm-1 may also serve as a histocompatibility locus of major importance for bone marrow transplantation. Specifically, when Lm-1-incompatible bone marrow cells and spleen cells (from normal or anti-Lm-1 immune mice) were transplanted into X-irradiated recipients, the maturation and/or function of bone marrow-derived donor B cells was delayed or inhibited.
Insulin Resistance Syndrome Predicts Coronary Heart Disease Events in Elderly Nondiabetic Men
Authors: Päivi Lempiäinen, Leena Mykkänen, Kalevi Pyörälä, Markku Laakso, Johanna Kuusisto
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The role of a cluster of risk factors characteristic for the insulin resistance syndrome as a predictor for coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been studied previously. Methods and Results —Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed by factor analysis to investigate whether these clusters (factors) predict CHD events (CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) in a nondiabetic population of 1069 subjects 65 to 74 years old from eastern Finland followed up for 7 years. There were 151 CHD events (92 for men, 59 for women) during the follow-up period. In men, factor 1 (the insulin resistance factor, which reflected primarily body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin) (hazards ratio [HR] with 95% CI, 1.33, CI 1.08, 1.65, P =0.008), factor 2 (alcohol consumption, high HDL cholesterol, low triglycerides) (HR 0.78, CI 0.63, 0.96, P =0.020), factor 3 (age, systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, left ventricular hypertrophy) (HR 1.52, CI 1.26, 1.83, P &lt;0.001), and factor 4 (high total cholesterol and triglycerides) (HR 1.42, CI 1.15, 1.77, P =0.002) predicted CHD events in multivariate Cox regression analysis. In women, the insulin resistance factor did not predict CHD events (HR 1.06, CI 0.82, 1.36), but factor 2 (previous stroke, low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides) (HR 1.34, CI 1.06, 1.69, P =0.014) and factor 3 (age, systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, left ventricular hypertrophy) (HR 1.44, CI 1.15, 1.82, P =0.002) predicted CHD events. Conclusions —Our study supports the notion that the insulin resistance syndrome is a risk factor for CHD in elderly men.
Theranostic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Biodegrade after Pro-Survival Drug Delivery and Ultrasound/Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Stem Cells
Authors: Paul J. Kempen, Sarah Greasley, Kelly A. Parker, Jos C. Campbell, Huan-Yu Chang, Julian R. Jones, Robert Sinclair, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Jesse V. Jokerst
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Increasing cell survival in stem cell therapy is an important challenge for the field of regenerative medicine.Here, we report theranostic mesoporous silica nanoparticles that can increase cell survival through both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.First, the nanoparticle offers ultrasound and MRI signal to guide implantation into the peri-infarct zone and away from the most necrotic tissue.Second, the nanoparticle serves as a slow release reservoir of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-a protein shown to increase cell survival.Mesenchymal stem cells labeled with these nanoparticles had detection limits near 9000 cells with no cytotoxicity at the 250 µg/mL concentration required for labeling.We also studied the degradation of the nanoparticles and showed that they clear from cells in approximately 3 weeks.The presence of IGF increased cell survival up to 40% (p<0.05)versus unlabeled cells under in vitro serum-free culture conditions.
A Pivotal Role for the Natural Interferon α–producing Cells (Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells) in the Pathogenesis of Lupus
Authors: Lars Rönnblom, Gunnar V. Alm
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

The human type I IFN gene family consists of 13 genes encoding IFN-α subtypes and one gene each for IFN-β and -ω. The type I IFN proteins show similarities with respect to both structure and function; for instance, they are typically produced by cells exposed to virus and interact with the same