tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori and Interleukin 1 Genotyping: An Opportunity to Identify High-Risk Individuals for Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: C. Figueiredo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: Both Helicobacter pylori genotype and host genetic polymorphisms play a role in determining the clinical consequences of H. pylori infection. We investigated whether there are any combinations of bacterial and host genotypes that are particularly associated with the occurrence of gastric carcinoma. Methods: Genotypic variations in virulence-associated genes of H. pylori vacA (s and m regions) and cagA were determined in 221 subjects with chronic gastritis and 222 patients with gastric carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–line probe assay. Polymorphisms in the human interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) gene (IL-1B-511*C or IL-1B-511*T) and in the IL-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN intron 2 variable number of tandem repeats) were evaluated by PCR and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Infection with vacAs1-, vacAm1-, and cagA-positive strains of H. pylori was associated with an increased risk for gastric carcinoma, with odds ratios (ORs) of 17 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.8 to 38), 6.7 (95% CI = 3.6 to 12), and 15 (95% CI = 7.4 to 29), respectively. IL-1B-511*T carriers (IL-1B-511*T/*T or IL-1B-511*T/*C) homozygous for the short allele of IL-1RN (IL-1RN*2/*2) had an increased gastric carcinoma risk (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3 to 8.2). For each combination of bacterial/host genotype, the odds of having gastric carcinoma were greatest in those with both bacterial and host high-risk genotypes: vacAs1/IL-1B-511*T carrier (OR = 87, 95% CI = 11 to 679), vacAm1/IL-1B-511*T carrier (OR = 7.4, 95% CI = 3.2 to 17), cagA-positive/IL-1B-511*T carrier (OR = 25, 95% CI = 8.2 to 77), vacAs1/IL-1RN*2/*2 (OR = 32, 95% CI = 7.8 to 134), vacAm1/IL-1RN*2/*2 (OR = 8.8, 95% CI = 2.2 to 35), and cagA-positive/IL-1RN*2/*2 (OR = 23, 95% CI = 7.0 to 72). Conclusion: Combined bacterial/host genotyping may provide an important tool in defining disease risk and targeting H. pylori eradication to high-risk individuals.
A NOTE ON OSLER'S "TELANGIECTASIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA UNIVERSALIS."
Authors: F. PARKES WEBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1930)

Journal Article A NOTE ON OSLER'S “TELANGIECTASIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA UNIVERSALIS.” Get access F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F.R.C.P. F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 42, Issue 12, 1 December 1930, Pages 574–575, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1930.tb09387.x Published: 01 December 1930
Immunogenicity and Allergenic Potential of Animal and Human Insulins
Authors: Guntram Schernthaner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Immunological complications of insulin therapy have been evident since animal insulins became available for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in 1922. Insulin allergy has been particularly common, with local symptoms still occurring in ∼ 5% of all patients. Insulin antibodies of high titers were observed in many patients treated with early insulin preparations containing proinsulin, C-peptide, and other peptide contaminants. Immunoglobulin G-insulin antibodies of very high levels can lead to immune-mediated insulin resistance, which is now extremely rare because of the widespread use of highly purified porcine insulin and human insulin preparations. Lipoatrophy, which was reported in 10–55% of patients treated with nonpurified bovine/porcine insulin preparations, has almost disappeared in patients since the advent of exclusive human insulin treatment. In view of the wide spectrum of immune-mediated complications of insulin therapy, much attention has been directed to the reduced immunogenicity and allergenicity of highly purified porcine insulins and the more recently available recombinant and semisynthetic human insulin preparations. Insulin antibodies of the immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin E type can develop, however, in very low titers in patients treated exclusively with human insulin. Frequency and levels of immunoglobulin G insulin antibodies are identical in patients treated either with biosynthetic or semisynthetic human insulin preparations. Allergic symptoms to human insulin are now found in &amp;lt; 1% of de novo-treated patients, but still may occur when human insulin is used in the insulin-allergic patient. In summary, immunological complications of insulin therapy have decreased significantly during the last two decades and are now predominantly observed in patients with interrupted insulin therapy.
Four years' experience with the treatment of all‐trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Xingzhong Wu, Xuewen Wang, Xiaoping Qien, Hainin Liu, Jianshang Ying, Zhicheng Yang, Haiqien Yao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract A retrospective analysis was done on 43 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) at our hospital from June 1987 to August 1992. All‐trans retinoic acid was used to induce these patients to differentiation. In the early period of induction there were risks of severe hemorrhage, which was the main cause of early death. Treatments combined with platelets and heparin or aminomethylbenzoic (PAMBA) were given to patients with abnormal coagulation. As a result only 4 out of 43 patients died of intracranial bleeding at 4–12 days when their white blood cell (WBC) counts peaked. The combination of retinoic acid (RA) and HA chemotherapy could reduce hyperleukocytosis during the RA induction course. None of 7 patients died at early stage with this treatment combination. Our studies showed that it could predict the onset of remission at early stage through observations on the successive changes of karyotypes and morphology of the bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. Our studies also showed that the growth of CFU‐F could be inhibited by RA. We think that it may play a role in the RA‐induced differentiation. In 4 years of follow‐up the overall leukemia‐free survival (LFS) was 80% with a relapse rate of 45%. Thirty‐five patients out of 43 cases were still alive in remission, and one was alive in relapse. All 11 out of 43 patients relapsed within 3 years, but the relapses occurred later, after 3 years duration of remission ( P &lt; .01). Retinoic acid failed to induce 5 patients who relapsed with the continuation treatment of RA and chemotherapy alternatively. In order to overcome the resistance to RA, the continuation treatment of simple chemotherapy had been administered following CR. Two cases achieved remission in this way. The difference of resistant events to RA reached significance between these 2 groups of different continuation treatment.
Terminally ill patients could benefit from stopping statins, study says
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Discontinuing treatment with statins in patients with terminal illnesses is safe, could improve quality of life, and could reduce costs, US research published in JAMA Internal Medicine concludes.1

The pragmatic randomized trial looked at 381 patients with a mean age of 74.1 years. Half of the patients had cancer, and all had an estimated life expectancy of between one month and one year. The patients had been taking prescribed statins for three months or more for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease but had no recent active cardiovascular disease. Researchers randomized 189 …
Cigarette Smoking and Irinotecan Treatment: Pharmacokinetic Interaction and Effects on Neutropenia
Authors: Jessica M. van der Bol, Ron H.J. Mathijssen, Walter J. Loos, Lena E. Friberg, Ron H.N. van Schaik, Maja J.A. de Jonge, André S.Th. Planting, Jaap Verweij, Alex Sparreboom, Floris A. de Jong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Several constituents of cigarette smoke are known to interact with drug metabolizing enzymes and potentially affect treatment outcome with substrate drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cigarette smoking on the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of irinotecan.A total of 190 patients (49 smokers, 141 nonsmokers) treated with irinotecan (90-minute intravenous administration on a 3-week schedule) were evaluated for pharmacokinetics. Complete toxicity data were available in a subset of 134 patients receiving 350 mg/m2 or 600 mg flat-fixed dose irinotecan.In smokers, the dose-normalized area under the plasma concentration-time curve of irinotecan was significantly lower (median, 28.7 v 33.9 ng x h/mL/mg; P = .001) compared with nonsmokers. In addition, smokers showed an almost 40% lower exposure to SN-38 (median, 0.54 v 0.87 ng x h/mL/mg; P < .001) and a higher relative extent of glucuronidation of SN-38 into SN-38G (median, 6.6 v 4.5; P = .006). Smokers experienced considerably less hematologic toxicity. In particular, the incidence of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia was 6% in smokers versus 38% in nonsmokers (odds ratio [OR], 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.43; P < .001). There was no significant difference in incidence of delayed-onset diarrhea (6% v 15%; OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.57; P = .149).This study indicates that smoking significantly lowers both the exposure to irinotecan and treatment-induced neutropenia, indicating a potential risk of treatment failure. Although the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear, modulation of CYP3A and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase isoform 1A1 may be part of the explanation. The data suggest that additional investigation is warranted to determine whether smokers are at increased risk for treatment failure.
MMP-9 and -12 cause N-cadherin shedding and thereby β-catenin signalling and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
Authors: Amrita Dwivedi, Sadie C. Slater, Sarah J. George
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

AimsVascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes to intimal thickening in restenosis and atherosclerosis. Previously, we demonstrated that matrix-degrading metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent shedding of the extracellular portion of N-cadherin increased VSMC proliferation via elevation of β-catenin signalling and cyclin D1 expression. In this study, we aimed to determine whether MMP-2, -9, -12, or -14 regulates VSMC proliferation via N-cadherin shedding.
Local Delivery of Interleukin 4 by Retrovirus-Transduced T Lymphocytes Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Michael K. Shaw, James B. Lorens, Archana Dhawan, Richard DalCanto, Harley Y. Tse, Alyssa B. Tran, Colleen Bonpane, Shanti L. Eswaran, Stefan Brocke, Nora Sarvetnick, Lawrence Steinman, Garry P. Nolan, C. Garrison Fathman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which serves as a model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. We demonstrate here that encephalitogenic T cells, transduced with a retroviral gene, construct to express interleukin 4, and can delay the onset and reduce the severity of EAE when adoptively transferred to myelin basic protein–immunized mice. Thus, T lymphocytes transduced with retroviral vectors can deliver “regulatory cytokines” in a site-specific manner and may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune disease.
Incorporating Patient Preferences in Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: M. Hassan Murad, Victor M. Montori, Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A subset of Ly-1 inducer T cell clones activates B cell proliferation but directly inhibits subsequent IgG secretion.
Authors: S Friedman, D Sillcocks, A Rao, S Faas, H Cantor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

We find that a fraction of Ly-1+2- inducer T cell clones inhibits differentiation of memory B cells into IgG-secreting plaque-forming cells. Inhibition of secondary antibody responses was not the result of induction of Ly-2+ T suppressors. Instead, inducer cells directly inactivated B cells, requiring an antigen bridge as well as identity at the major histocompatibility complex (I-A) locus. The interaction between the inducer T cell clone and hapten-specific B memory cells results in an early proliferative response and subsequent failure of B cells to secrete antibody in response to T helper cell signals. Possible mechanisms for this novel type of B cell inactivation are explored.
Two-Year Outcome of a Randomized Trial Comparing Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents Using Biodegradable or Durable Polymer
Authors: Masahiro Natsuaki, Ken Kozuma, Takeshi Morimoto, Hiroki Shiomi, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Recent network meta-analyses have raised concerns about the safety of biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents (BP-DES) compared with durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents (DP-EES). [1]2][3] The NOBORI Biolimus-Eluting vs XIENCE/ PROMUS Everolimus-Eluting Stent Trial (NEXT) is a 98-center, randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stents (BP-BES) vs DP-EES. 4 The primary efficacy outcome of target-lesion revascularization (TLR) at 1 year demonstrated noninferiority of BP-BES compared with DP-EES. 4 The primary safety outcome, a composite of death and myocardial infarction (MI), will be reported at 3 years.However, because the advantages of BP-BES could emerge beyond 1 year when polymer has fully degraded, we report the interim 2-year results.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five Latin American cities (the PLATINO study): a prevalence study
Authors: Ana Maria B Menezes, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, JoséRoberto B Jardim, Adriana Muiño, Maria Victorina Lopez, Gonzalo Valdivia, Maria Montes de Oca, Carlos Talamo, Pedro C Hallal, Cesar G Victora
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
Two-compartment model of gas mixing in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sherif Gonem, Sushiladevi Natarajan, Steven Corkill, Amisha Singapuri, Dhananjay Desai, Christopher Brightling, Per Gustafsson, Alex Horsley, Salman Siddiqui
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background 

Lung clearance index (LCI) is a widely reported marker of ventilation heterogeneity (VH) derived from multiple breath inert gas washout.

Aims and hypotheses 

We aimed to develop a model of gas mixing that could be used to measure the two components of increased LCI, namely (i) differences in specific ventilation between lung units and (ii) increased dead space, in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). We hypothesised that:

i) A two-compartment model of gas mixing would accurately describe washout curves across the spectrum of VH severity.

ii) The VH observed in asthma and CF would be distinguished by differing contributions of specific ventilation inequality and dead space effects.

Methods 

Washout data from sixty-six healthy control subjects, seventy-four patients with asthma, and forty-one patients with CF were fitted to a mathematical two-compartment model of gas mixing, and the parameters specific ventilation index (SVI) and alveolar dead space (Vdalv) were derived.

Results 

The two-compartment model accurately fitted washout curves from healthy subjects, asthma patients and CF patients (median R2 = 0.998, 0.997 and 0.991 respectively). SVI and Vdalv were significantly increased in patients with CF compared to healthy controls, but not in patients with asthma, in whom phase III slope parameters were more discriminatory.

Conclusion 

The parameters SVI and Vdalv are sufficient to describe washout curves across the entire spectrum of VH severity. Further studies are required to determine if these indices may be used to define clinical sub-phenotypes of airway diseases.
Multiple Genomic Changes Associated with Reorganization of Gene Regulation and Adaptation in Yeast
Authors: Lior David, Yossef Ben-Harosh, Elad Stolovicki, Lindsay S. Moore, Michelle Nguyen, Raquel Tamse, Jed Dean, Eugenio Mancera, Lars M. Steinmetz, Erez Braun
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Frequently during evolution, new phenotypes evolved due to novelty in gene regulation, such as that caused by genome rewiring. This has been demonstrated by comparing common regulatory sequences among species and by identifying single regulatory mutations that are associated with new phenotypes. However, while a single mutation changes a single element, gene regulation is accomplished by a regulatory network involving multiple interactive elements. Therefore, to better understand regulatory evolution, we have studied how mutations contributed to the adaptation of cells to a regulatory challenge. We created a synthetic genome rewiring in yeast cells, challenged their gene regulation, and studied their adaptation. HIS3, an essential enzyme for histidine biosynthesis, was placed exclusively under a GAL promoter, which is induced by galactose and strongly repressed in glucose. Such rewired cells were faced with significant regulatory challenges in a repressive glucose medium. We identified several independent mutations in elements of the GAL system associated with the rapid adaptation of cells, such as the repressor GAL80 and the binding sites of the activator GAL4. Consistent with the extraordinarily high rate of cell adaptation, new regulation emerged during adaptation via multiple trajectories, including those involving mutations in elements of the GAL system. The new regulation of HIS3 tuned its expression according to histidine requirements with or without these significant mutations, indicating that additional factors participated in this regulation and that the regulatory network could reorganize in multiple ways to accommodate different mutations. This study, therefore, stresses network plasticity as an important property for regulatory adaptation and evolution.
Prediction of Symptomatic Embolism in Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Sandrine Hubert, Franck Thuny, Noemie Resseguier, Roch Giorgi, Christophe Tribouilloy, Yvan Le Dolley, Jean-Paul Casalta, Alberto Riberi, Florent Chevalier, Dan Rusinaru, Dorothée Malaquin, Jean Paul Remadi, Ammar Ben Ammar, Jean Francois Avierinos, Frederic Collart, Didier Raoult, Gilbert Habib
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Pregnancy maintenance and the regulation of placental progesterone biosynthesis in the baboon
Authors: M. Henson
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1998)

Progesterone (P4), a major steroid hormone produced by the ovarian corpus luteum (CL) and the placental syncytiotrophoblast, is considered essential for the successful maintenance of mammalian pregnancy. It has been demonstrated in our laboratory and in the laboratories of others, that the baboon (Papio anubis/cynocephalus) is an excellent model for study of the endocrinology of human pregnancy. Results from both in-vivo and in-vitro experiments indicate that oestrogen stimulates placental P4 production by regulation of cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 and through the uptake of cholesterol via the low density lipoprotein (LDL) pathway. Thus, LDL uptake by the baboon placental syncytiotrophoblast increases in response to maternal oestrogen concentration, which increases with advancing gestation. Conversely, both placental LDL uptake and maternal peripheral P4 concentration decline significantly at mid- to late gestation as a result of oestrogen deprivation by either anti-oestrogen administration or the removal of fetal androgen oestrogen precursors through fetectomy. Utilizing these methods, it has been possible to decrease cellular uptake of LDL-cholesterol and, hence, maternal peripheral P4 to only a small fraction of their normal concentrations, although P4 is still detected in the maternal periphery in concentrations adequate for preservation of the conceptus. We postulate that such levels of maternal P4 are derived from cholesterol precursor provided by sources alternate to the classical LDL-receptor pathway and are produced throughout gestation by the placental syncytiotrophoblast and perhaps during late pregnancy by a resurgent CL. We further postulate that regulation of these ancillary sources of cholesterol substrate is subject to LDL-cholesterol availability in the maternal peripheral circulation and to possible ontogenetic changes in both primary and secondary cholesterol-yielding mechanisms, which may be divergently regulated in the steroidogenically active syncytiotrophoblast from those in proliferative non-endocrine placental constituents.
Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Hodgkin's Disease: A Pilot Study on the Adverse Psychological Reactions and Possible Associations with Neurobiological, Endocrine, and Genetic Markers
Authors: Rosemarie Felder-Puig, Christiane Scherzer, Michaela Baumgartner, Magdalena Ortner, Claudia Aschenbrenner, Christian Bieglmayer, Till Voigtländer, E. Renate Panzer-Grümayer, Wim J.E. Tissing, Jan W. Koper, Karl Steinberger, Christian Nasel, Helmut Gadner, Reinhard Topf, Michael Dworzak
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: We did a controlled study to assess adverse psychological reactions (APR) associated with high-dose glucocorticoid therapy and tried to detect somatic correlates for the observed reactions. Patients and Methods: Our study included 37 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 11 patients with Morbus Hodgkin (MH) disease, who were treated with high-dose glucocorticoid therapy, and 26 control patients with other types of malignancies. APRs were assessed with a standardized measure via parent-report. Patients with ALL and MH were further analyzed for signs of neuronal cell death in the cerebrospinal fluid, polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, as well as cortisol, adrenocorticorticotropic hormone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate blood levels. Results: Fifty-four percent of ALL, 36% of MH, and 23% of control patients developed APR in the first few weeks of therapy. Approximately 3.5 months later, the majority of patients with ALL showed no APR, similar to control patients. Patients demonstrating a higher, nonsuppressible secretion of cortisol and/or adrenocorticorticotropic hormone during glucocorticoid therapy were found to be more likely to develop APR. No sign of neuronal cell destruction and no correlation of APR with specific glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms were found. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the development of APR due to glucocorticoid therapy is measurable and correlates with hormonal reaction patterns.