tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
“Schizophrenia” does not exist
Authors: Jim van Os
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Disease classifications should drop this unhelpful description of symptoms

In March 2015 a group of academics, patients, and relatives published an opinion piece in a national newspaper in the Netherlands, proposing that we drop the “essentially contested”1 term “schizophrenia,” with its connotation of hopeless chronic brain disease, and replace it with something like “psychosis spectrum syndrome.”2

We launched two websites (www.schizofreniebestaatniet.nl/english/ and www.psychosenet.nl) aimed at informing the public about the nature of psychotic illness and helping patients deal with pervasive, unscientifically pessimistic, organic views of their symptoms. The timing was no coincidence.

Several recent papers by different authors have called for modernised psychiatric nomenclature, particularly regarding the term “schizophrenia.”3 4 5 6 Japan and South Korea have already abandoned this term.

The classification of mental disorders, as laid down in ICD-10 ( International Classification of Diseases , 10th revision) and DSM-5 ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders …
A systematic and interdisciplinary approach to the measurement of outcomes over the disease trajectory in a unique specialized cachexia clinic.
Authors: Jonathan di Tomasso, Lorella Ciutto, Sabrina Cesare, Irina Uscatescu, Kevin Yu-Chueh, Henry Olders, Nathalie Aubin, Mary Lou Kelly, Marta Jelowicki, Rabiaa Laroui, Rosemary O'Grady, Manuel Borod, Robert Kilgour, Antonio Angelo Luciano Vigano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

25 Background: Cancer cachexia affects 60-80% of advanced cancer patients and leads to weight loss, worsening functional status, and increased mortality. Thus, specialized clinics are needed to measure nutritional and functional trajectories over time in this population. Recently, the McGill University Health Centre has developed a systematic, standardized and interdisciplinary approach for the profiling and management of cancer cachexia. Methods: Patients with advanced cancer were recruited and categorized as cachetic. The following information was collected at baseline and at three follow-up visits: hand grip strength measured by Jamar dynamometer, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and the abridged Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (aPG-SGA) questionnaires. Results: Fifty-nine patients were eligible for this study yet only 24 completed 3 follow-ups and were included. There were 15 men and 9 women, mean age 65.7 years. Five patients had locally advanced disease and 19 had metastatic disease. The table contains results for handgrip strength, ESAS and aPG-SGA scores. Conclusions: Following baseline assessment and treatment, patients were noted to have a significant improvement in the aPG-SGA total score. Handgrip strength was maintained throughout the follow up period. ESAS appetite and fatigue exhibited a positive trend but did not achieve significance over time. This work suggests the benefits of an interdisciplinary cachexia clinic for the maintenance of nutritional and functional status in patients with cancer cachexia as well as possible improvements in quality of life. [Table: see text]
Indoor pollution, demographic characteristics and bronchiolitis. A pilot study
Authors: Ambra Nicolai, Giulia Cangiano, Marianna Ferrara, Corrado Moretti, Paola Papoff, Federico Gentile, Concetta Schiavariello, Marianna Eleonora Grande, Fabio Midulla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Indoor and outdoor pollutants can cause or exacerbate asthma and other paediatric respiratory diseases. Aim: Identify indoor pollutants and demographic characteristics, that can cause bronchiolitis. Methods: We enrolled 72 infants (median age 1.9, range 0.7-18 m;41 males) admitted to Pediatric Emergency Department with bronchiolitis during the period December 2012-February 2013, and 28 control infants (median age 6, range 0.5-21.6 m,16 males), hospitalized in the same period with non respiratory diseases. Parents answered to a structured questionnaire seeking information on the presence of indoor pollutants and on demographic characteristics. Results: A significantly higher percentage of infants with bronchiolitis have siblings and an older sibling comparing to infants in the control group (73.6% vs 50.0%,p=0.02 and 66.7% vs 42.9%,p=0.03). Infants with bronchiolitis were more exposed to maternal smoke comparing to infants in the control group (16.9% vs 3.8%,p=0.09). The cooking habit was different between bronchiolitis and control. The use of butter and margarine was higher in the families of infants with bronchiolitis comparing to controls (40.3% vs 21.4%,p=0.08 and 15.3% vs 3.6 %,p=0.09). Finally, in the house of infants with bronchiolitis there were more frequently loss of water, yellowing or discoloration of rubber and plastics forming the floors, visible mold growth and musty smell in the rooms (37.5% vs 10.7%,p=0.009). Conclusions: Indoor pollutants and cooking habit may influence the occurrence of bronchiolitis.
Elotuzumab in combination with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: A phase I/II study.
Authors: S. Lonial, R. Vij, J. Harousseau, T. Facon, P. Moreau, X. Leleu, C. Westland, A. K. Singhal, S. Jagannath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

8020 Background: Elotuzumab is a humanized antibody against CS1, a cell surface glycoprotein, which is highly expressed in multiple myeloma (MM). In mouse xenograft MM model, elotuzumab demonstrated significantly enhanced anti-tumor activity when combined with lenalidomide (len) compared to len alone. The study objectives were to evaluate the MTD, safety, PK and efficacy of elotuzumab in combination with len and low dose dexamethasone (dex). Methods: Len (25 mg PO) was given on Days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle. Elotuzumab (IV infusion) in 3 escalating dose cohorts (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) was given weekly for the first two cycles and then every other week of subsequent cycles. Dex was given weekly at 40 mg PO. First 5 patients were treated for 6 months before a protocol amendment to continue treatment until progression. Results: A total of 29 patients (pts) with a median age of 60 years were enrolled; 28 pts received study drug. Pts had a median of 3 prior MM treatments including thalidomide (59%), bortezomib (69%) or len (21%) with 41% pts refractory to their last MM therapy. Three pts each were treated at 5 and 10 mg/kg and 22 pts at 20 mg/kg elotuzumab. No DLT was observed during dose-escalation and no MTD was established. Two pts in the 20 mg/kg cohort discontinued due to infusion reactions, one G 4 allergic reaction and another G 3 stridor. Additional SAEs (1 each) included G 2 atrial fibrillation (related to len/dex) and unrelated G 4 ruptured diverticulum, G 3 neutropenic fever, sepsis, enteritis and diarrhea. Other common AEs included fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, anemia, neutropenia, nausea, muscle spasm, pyrexia, asthenia and dyspnoea. The ORR by IMWG criteria in 28 treated pts was 82% (64% PR; 18% VGPR). Pts-naïve to prior len (22 pts) demonstrated ORR of 95% (73% PR; 23% VGPR). Median time to progression (TTP) following a median of 4.5 cycles is not yet reached. Phase 2 expansion has been initiated to further examine the efficacy and identify the optimal dose of elotuzumab. Conclusions: The combination of elotuzumab with len/dex has a manageable safety profile and the ORR of 82% including 95% in len-naïve pts is encouraging. Updated safety and efficacy data including TTP will be submitted at a later date. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Facet Biotech Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Facet Biotech, Janssen-Cilag, Millennium, Novartis Facet Biotech Celgene, Janssen-Cilag, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Millennium, Novartis, Onyx Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Chugai Pharma, Facet Biotech, Gloucester Pharmaceuticals, Janssen-Cilag, Millennium, Novartis, Roche
4 Simple Reforms to Address Mass Shootings and Other Firearm Violence
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2016)

After the December 2, 2015, terrorist attack in San Bernardino, California, that left 14 people dead and 21 injured, the same, repetitive, “Groundhog Day” narrative played out on gun control as with other salient mass shootings, including a school in Sandy Hook, Connecticut, a Planned Parenthood clinic in Colorado Springs, Colorado, a community college in Roseburg, Oregon, and a church in Charleston, South Carolina (http://bit.ly/1lCZvbH). That narrative has become so predictable that I despair the political community ever finding middle ground. After such tragedies, Democrats urge “sensible” gun control, such as more rigorous background checks. Republicans claim that calls for gun control exploit a tragedy and are futile in preventing mass shootings. They say the answer to mass shootings is more, not fewer, guns, and firearm purchases soar after mass shootings as tens of thousands of people vote with their feet. But Australia and the United Kingdom have vastly reduced firearm-related deaths through legal reform (http://nyti.ms/1Ita9hX). And even though the US Supreme Court has ruled—controversially and ahistorically—that the Second Amendment protects private ownership of firearms (http://bit.ly/1OlJXXr), the Court recently refused to hear a Second Amendment challenge to a Chicago ordinance that banned semiautomatic assault weapons and large-capacity magazines (http://1.usa.gov/1N6APUC). And the lower US courts have all upheld reasonable firearm regulations. From a public health perspective, of course, the solution is tight regulatory control over firearms, including rigorous background checks, safety rules, and the types of firearms permitted. Here are 4 reforms to keep us safer... Language: en
Spontaneous Ovarian Tumors in Domestic Carp ( Cyprinus carpio ): Light and Electron Microscopy 2
Authors: Takatoshi Ishikawa, Noriyuki Kuwabara, Shozo Takayama
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Spontaneous Ovarian Tumors in Domestic Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Light and Electron Microscopy Get access Takatoshi Ishikawa, Takatoshi Ishikawa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Noriyuki Kuwabara, Noriyuki Kuwabara Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shozo Takayama Shozo Takayama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 3, September 1976, Pages 579–584, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.3.579 Published: 01 September 1976 Article history Received: 02 January 1976 Accepted: 05 March 1976 Published: 01 September 1976
The clinical importance of preoperative incentive spirometry value in lung resections
Authors: Sevgi Ozalevli, Duygu Ilgin, Hasan Ersoz, Ismail Agababaoglu, Ahmet Onen, Aydin Sanli, Nezih Ozdemir
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aim: It has been aimed at investigating the relationship between the value determined with incentive spirometry (IS), which is used frequently to improve lung expansion after thoracic surgery, and clinical symptoms, pulmonary functions, and exercise capacity data; and if there is a relationship between these, discussing the importance and applicability of IS value during clinical follow up in patients with lung resection candidates.

Material-method: Twenty-two patients (6F, 16M; mean age 60.82±8.28 years) diagnosed with lung cancer (50% stageI, 31.8% stageII-III) and followed with lung resection indication were assessed. The clinical characteristics and respiratory symptoms were asked. Maximal IS value (ml) was measured with IS. Pulmonary function test and 6-minute walking test were done.

Results: The mean maximal IS, FEV1%, inspiratory capacity (IC), Pimax%, Pemax%, and 6MWD values were 3047±831.49ml, 76.71±15.74, 2.25±0.42, 63.53±13.67, 84.12±23.46, and 480.00±94.39m, respectively. There were efort dyspnea (31.8%), fatigue (40.9%), secretion (22.7%), cough (22.7%), and chest pain (4.5%) in patients. It was determined that maximal IS value was correlated with cough symptom (rho=0.43, p=0.05), FVC (rho=0.48, p=0.03), FEV1 (rho=0.63, p=0.003), IC (rho=0.49, p=0.05), and Pemax (rho= 0.71, p=0.002) values.

Conclusion: IS value represents pulmonary functions independent of demographical and functional characteristics of patients. Especially, due to the relationship of IS value with FEV1, IC, and Pemax values, our results suggest that IS value may give information on the effective cough ability and thus IS value might be used during clinical follow up and routine care of patients with lung resection.
Abstract 117: Menopause and Pulseless Electrical Activity
Authors: Carmen Teodorescu, Kyndaron Reinier, Audrey Uy-Evanado, Ronald Mariani, Karen Gunson, Jonathan Jui, Sumeet S Chugh
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: There are significant sex differences in the presentation of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and women are more likely to present with pulseless electrical activity (PEA)....
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for epithelial ovarian cancer: The utility of Ca125 trends in guiding treatment decisions and subsequent response to platinum retreatment
Authors: J. S. Tanguay, L. Buckley, S. A. Hussain, I. N. Fernando
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

16539 Background: In epithelial ovarian cancer early Ca125 changes guide clinical management decisions with rising trends prompting discontinuation of treatment. A retrospective review of case records of women treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) at two cancer units between 2003 and 2007 was performed to establish the utility of Ca125 trends in guiding treatment decisions and to assess response to platinum retreatment after PLD. Methods: All patients treated with PLD had disease progression within twelve months of prior platinum therapy. Ca125 fluctuations were categorised as variance from baseline (±10%, ±10–25%, and >25%). Response to chemotherapy was defined as either Ca125 reduction from baseline of >50% or clinical or radiological response. Results: 59 women were identified. Mean age 60, FIGO stage >/=3c 78%, papillary serous or clear cell histology 29%. Response rate (RR) to PLD 28.9%, median overall survival from commencement of PLD 62 weeks. 45 patients (76%) had data evaluable for trends in Ca125. The number of women demonstrating a >25% reduction in Ca125 from baseline increased progressively with each cycle: before cycle 2 = 5(11%), cycle 3 = 8(18%), cycle 4 = 10(22%), cycle 5 = 12(27%). This trend was statistically significant between cycles 2 and 4 (p=0.004). 18 patients were retreated with platinum following progression after PLD with 15/18(83%) responding. The response rate (RR) to platinum retreatment after PLD compares favourably to historical data on response to second line platinum retreatment (overall RR 83% versus 59% p=0.04, RR with platinum free interval <12 months 83% vrs 33% p=<0.02, RR with platinum free interval >12 months from last course of platinum treatment 83% vrs 67.5% p=0.2). Conclusions: The sole use of early Ca125 trends in PLD treatment prior to cycle 4 may result in erroneous discontinuation of PLD in potential responders. Retreatment with platinum after PLD may yield a good response rate in selected patients even those with disease progression within 12 months after prior platinum treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
XELOX causes less disabling peripheral neuropathy than FOLFOX 4 for Chinese colorectal cancer patients
Authors: T. Yau, P. Chan, J. Tsang, R. Liang, R. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14592 Background: Infusional 5-FU plus leucovorin and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) is an efficacious treatment for colorectal cancer patients in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings. However, around 10% of FOLFOX4 patients will develop with disabling grade 3–4 neuropathy. Recent phase II studies have demonstrated that oral capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin (XELOX) is as least as effective as FOLFOX4 for colorectal cancer. In this study, we assessed the toxicities of XELOX in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. Methods: Patients who received XELOX at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong between November 2004 and November, 2006 were analyzed. Toxicities were graded by the National Cancer Institute common toxicity system. Results: Thirty-five patients received XELOX on an outpatient basis during the study period: Twenty-four as adjuvant therapy and 11 as treatment for metastatic disease. The most common side effect was grade 1–2 peripheral neuropathy which occurred in 77% of patients. No grade 3–4 neuropathy was reported. Grade 1–2 diarrhea and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) also occurred in 40 % and 37 % of patients, respectively. The commonest grade 3 toxicities was diarrhea which occurred in 17% of the patients followed by 9% of patients experienced grade 3 PPE. No grade 4 toxicities were reported in our patient’s cohort. Overall, only one (3%) patient had neutropenic sepsis and 36% of patients required 20% reduction in drug dosage. No treatment related death was reported. Conclusions: Our study suggests that XELOX is a well-tolerated and convenient treatment regime. Although mild neuropathy is common in patients receiving XELOX, it causes far less disabling neuropathy than FOLFOX4 in Chinese metastatic colorectal cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Nab-paclitaxel weekly or q3w compared to docetaxel q3w as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer: An economic analysis of a prospective randomized trial
Authors: G. Dranitsaris, R. Coleman, W. Gradishar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

6592 Background: In patients with MBC, the current practice is first-line chemotherapy often with a taxane such as docetaxel. However, docetaxel is associated with dose-limiting toxicities. A nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab) formulation of paclitaxel was recently developed to overcome the safety drawbacks of docetaxel and to provide additional efficacy. A randomized phase II trial comparing nab-paclitaxel 100 or 150 mg/m 2 weekly 3 out of 4 and nab-paclitaxel 300 mg/m 2 q3w to docetaxel 100 mg/m 2 q3w reported improved progression-free survival and reduced toxicity with the former regimens (Gradishar, 2008). To measure the economic value of the nab-paclitaxel regimens, an economic analysis from the perspective of the United Kingdom (UK) was conducted. Methods: The current study extracted data captured during the randomized trial. Resource utilization data contained within the database were converted into UK cost estimates. This consisted of costs for chemotherapy, drug delivery, patient monitoring, supportive care drugs, and hospitalization due to toxicity. Multivariate regression analysis was then conducted to compare the total cost of therapy between the four regimens. Results: Growth factor use, hospital days for side effects management, and toxicity-induced protocol discontinuations were higher in the docetaxel group. When all of the cost components were combined for the entire population (n = 300), patients in the nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m 2 weekly and 300 mg/m 2 q3w groups had comparable costs to the docetaxel control (£15,396 vs. £15,809 vs. £12,923; p = NS). The nab-paclitaxel 150 mg/m 2 weekly arm had significantly higher overall costs of £27,222 but was associated with a significant improvement in progression-free survival relative to docetaxel. As alternatives to docetaxel, the incremental cost per progression-free year gained with nab-paclitaxel 100, 150 mg/m 2 weekly and 300 mg/m 2 q3w were £5,600, £31,800, and £9,900 respectively. Conclusions: Given its more favorable safety profile, superior efficacy, and reasonable economic impact, nab-paclitaxel (weekly or q3w) can be a preferred option over docetaxel as first-line chemotherapy in MBC. [Table: see text]
CALGB 30306: A phase II study of cisplatin (C), irinotecan (I) and bevacizumab (B) for untreated extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC)
Authors: N. Ready, A. Z. Dudek, X. F. Wang, S. Graziano, M. R. Green, E. E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7563 Background: VEGF is expressed in 80% of SCLC. Combining chemotherapy with B is effective in advanced non-small cell lung, breast and colon cancers. Methods: This was a phase II study of C 30 mg/m 2 and I 65 mg/m 2 days 1 and 8 plus B 15 mg/kg day 1 every 21 days for up to 6 cycles in patients with untreated ES-SCLC, PS 0–2, and adequate organ function. Eligibility required no significant bleeding, uncontrolled hypertension, brain mets or other risk factors for B therapy. An initial safety cohort of ten patients was closely followed for unexpected/severe toxicities. Pretreatment blood was collected for biomarker analysis. Statistical design: primary endpoint 12 mo survival rate &gt; 57% (median survival ≥15 mo). Results: 72 pts were enrolled from 3/05–4/06 with one patient deemed ineligible due to diagnosis NSCLC. Demographics: 51% female; median age 62; PS 0–23%, 1–68%, 2–10%. There were no episodes of grade 3 or greater hemoptysis or other primary hemorrhagic episodes. One patient died after an embolic/thrombotic stroke bled secondarily. Other grade 3/4 toxicities included (%): anemia 5, neutropenia 23, platelets 10, hypertension 6, fatigue 12, diarrhea 17, nausea 11, bowel perforation 2, infection 14, all electrolyte 23, stroke 4, vascular access thrombosis 3. Deaths on therapy 3 (4%): pneumonitis 1, stroke 1, heart failure 1. Preliminary efficacy: CR 2 (3%), PR 42 (59%), SD 9 (13%), PD 1 (1%); ORR 62%; ORR excluding unevaluable (4%)/no data (18%): 80%; median progression free survival 7.0 mo (95% C.I. 6.2,8.0); median overall survival 10.6 mo (95% C.I. 8.5, 11.7); median follow-up 9.5 mo. Pretreatment VEGF/PDGF titers have been measured, reported to the CALGB statistics center, and will be analyzed in relation to response and survival outcomes. Conclusions: Although ES-SCLC often has bulky central disease there was no clinically significant hemoptysis. All patients will be at least 12 months from initiation of therapy by 5/07, and mature response and survival data will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.