tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anorectal varices--their frequency in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Authors: Y Chawla, J B Dilawari
Journal: Gut (1991)

Fifty five patients with severe longstanding dyspepsia originally selected as candidates for elective duodenal ulcer surgery were instead entered into a maintenance cimetidine study. Forty six have been reviewed after 10 years. Twenty patients had required surgery, all in the first three years, but six of them had proven or suspected recurrent ulceration during follow up. Twenty six patients avoided surgery, either with continuous cimetidine 400 mg nocte or intermittent full dose cimetidine. Of the 17 on continuous maintenance cimetidine, six had proven or suspected recurrent ulceration responding to full dose cimetidine. All nine patients on intermittent cimetidine experienced symptomatic relapse within eight to 12 weeks of drug withdrawal. By using cimetidine, 64% of patients selected for surgery have avoided operation over this 10 year period, although none has had drug free remission.
Quantitative Analysis of the Human Airway Microbial Ecology Reveals a Pervasive Signature for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Paul C. Blainey, Carlos E. Milla, David N. Cornfield, Stephen R. Quake
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Deep sequencing of microbial marker genes in lung secretions revealed individualized microbiomes in healthy subjects that differed from stereotyped microbiomes of cystic fibrosis patients.
A meta-analysis on dose–response relationship between night shift work and the risk of breast cancer
Authors: F. Wang, K.L. Yeung, W.C. Chan, C.C.H. Kwok, S.L. Leung, C. Wu, E.Y.Y. Chan, I.T.S. Yu, X.R. Yang, L.A. Tse
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Natural Ventilation for the Prevention of Airborne Contagion
Authors: A. Roderick Escombe, Clarissa C Oeser, Robert H Gilman, Marcos Navincopa, Eduardo Ticona, William Pan, Carlos Martínez, Jesus Chacaltana, Richard Rodríguez, David A. J Moore, Jon S Friedland, Carlton A Evans
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Institutional transmission of airborne infections such as tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem, especially in resource-limited settings where protective measures such as negative-pressure isolation rooms are difficult to implement. Natural ventilation may offer a low-cost alternative. Our objective was to investigate the rates, determinants, and effects of natural ventilation in health care settings.The study was carried out in eight hospitals in Lima, Peru; five were hospitals of "old-fashioned" design built pre-1950, and three of "modern" design, built 1970-1990. In these hospitals 70 naturally ventilated clinical rooms where infectious patients are likely to be encountered were studied. These included respiratory isolation rooms, TB wards, respiratory wards, general medical wards, outpatient consulting rooms, waiting rooms, and emergency departments. These rooms were compared with 12 mechanically ventilated negative-pressure respiratory isolation rooms built post-2000. Ventilation was measured using a carbon dioxide tracer gas technique in 368 experiments. Architectural and environmental variables were measured. For each experiment, infection risk was estimated for TB exposure using the Wells-Riley model of airborne infection. We found that opening windows and doors provided median ventilation of 28 air changes/hour (ACH), more than double that of mechanically ventilated negative-pressure rooms ventilated at the 12 ACH recommended for high-risk areas, and 18 times that with windows and doors closed (p < 0.001). Facilities built more than 50 years ago, characterised by large windows and high ceilings, had greater ventilation than modern naturally ventilated rooms (40 versus 17 ACH; p < 0.001). Even within the lowest quartile of wind speeds, natural ventilation exceeded mechanical (p < 0.001). The Wells-Riley airborne infection model predicted that in mechanically ventilated rooms 39% of susceptible individuals would become infected following 24 h of exposure to untreated TB patients of infectiousness characterised in a well-documented outbreak. This infection rate compared with 33% in modern and 11% in pre-1950 naturally ventilated facilities with windows and doors open.Opening windows and doors maximises natural ventilation so that the risk of airborne contagion is much lower than with costly, maintenance-requiring mechanical ventilation systems. Old-fashioned clinical areas with high ceilings and large windows provide greatest protection. Natural ventilation costs little and is maintenance free, and is particularly suited to limited-resource settings and tropical climates, where the burden of TB and institutional TB transmission is highest. In settings where respiratory isolation is difficult and climate permits, windows and doors should be opened to reduce the risk of airborne contagion.
Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life
Authors: Fredrik Bäckhed, Josefine Roswall, Yangqing Peng, Qiang Feng, Huijue Jia, Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary, Yin Li, Yan Xia, Hailiang Xie, Huanzi Zhong, Muhammad Tanweer Khan, Jianfeng Zhang, Junhua Li, Liang Xiao, Jumana Al-Aama, Dongya Zhang, Ying Shiuan Lee, Dorota Kotowska, Camilla Colding, Valentina Tremaroli, Ye Yin, Stefan Bergman, Xun Xu, Lise Madsen, Karsten Kristiansen, Jovanna Dahlgren, Jun Wang
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2015)
The vancouver 2010 paralympic winter games medical care programme: facts, figures and recommendations
Authors: P Van de Vliet, S Willick, O Martinez Ferrer, M Wilkinson, R Stewart, T M Sasyniuk, R Celebrini, P Pit-Grosheide, J Taunton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The medical care programme during Paralympic Winter Games should reflect the particular needs and necessities of Paralympic athletes and their support staff. Objective To characterise in detail the medical encounters at the 2010 Vancouver Paralympic Winter Games in order to improve knowledge or injury and illness patterns for medical providers at future adaptive sports events. Design Prospective (sports) injury epidemiological study. Setting The data collection took place during the Vancouver 2010 Paralympic Winter Games. Participants Data are reported on all persons involved in the Vancouver 2010 Paralympic Winter Games that consulted VANOC Medical Services, with particular emphasis on athlete records (n=502 participating athletes). Interventions Systematic records were held on all medical and physical therapy consultations throughout the duration of the Games. Main outcome measurements Number of patients treated during the 2010 Vancouver Paralympic Winter Games, stratified by accreditation status, injury or illness type and services consulted. Results At the Vancouver 2010 Paralympic Winter Games, more than 2717 medical interventions occurred for injury or illness, of whom 25% were athlete encounters (n=657). Consultations were mainly for minor injury/illness, majority of musculoskeletal nature; with only seven hospitalisations (five athletes) for a total of 24 inpatient days stay (16 days for athletes). 977 pharmacy prescriptions were issued, which in seven cases were followed up with a Therapeutic Use Exemption application. Alpine Ski was responsible for over 50% of the athlete imaging visits and approximately 20% of total imaging visits (n=332). Physical therapy interventions (n=897) primarily addressed back and shoulder structures. Conclusion A critical analysis of the actual findings and an efficient transfer of knowledge indicate the need for a multidisciplinary approach with other functional areas related to the organisation of Paralympic (Winter) Games, as well as for the initiating of longitudinal study to gain further and in-depth knowledge on sport injuries and exercise-induced physiological reactions in Paralympic Athletes.
Dietzia strain X: a newly described Actinomycete isolated from confluent and reticulated papillomatosis
Authors: S. Natarajan, D. Milne, A.L. Jones, M. Goodfellow, J. Perry, R.J. Koerner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) is a rare skin disorder. To date its aetiology remains uncertain. The possibility of an infectious aetiology has been supported by case reports of therapeutic response to antibiotic therapy. We have isolated and identified a previously unknown Dietzia strain, an Actinomycete, from skin scrapings of a 17-year-old boy with CRP. We propose that this organism may be the aetiological agent of CRP. Further investigations are necessary to determine the potential role of this Actinomycete in the pathogenesis of CRP.
Circadian Variation in Coronary Tone in Patients With Stable Angina
Authors: Hassan El-Tamimi, Michael Mansour, Carl J. Pepine, Thomas J. Wargovich, Henry Chen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Coronary endothelium plays a key role in the regulation of coronary tone, platelet adhesion, and aggregation, which are important factors in triggering acute cardiovascular events. However, its role in modulating the effects of circadian variations on coronary tone is not known.Responses of 72 nonstenotic coronary segments to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin were measured in 12 patients with chronic stable angina at 6 AM and 1 PM. After baseline angiography, three infusions of acetylcholine (10(-6), 10(-5), and 10(-4) mol/L) were administered selectively into the left coronary artery, followed by nitroglycerin. Diameters (in millimeters) of proximal, middle, and distal segments were measured by quantitative techniques. Forty-seven segments showed a constrictor response to acetylcholine (group 1, dysfunctional endothelium), and 25 other segments showed a dilator response (group 2, normally functioning endothelium). In group 1, the constrictor response to acetylcholine was significantly greater in the morning than in the afternoon (23 +/- 3% and 10 +/- 1%, mean +/- SEM, respectively; P < .001), and the dilator response to nitroglycerin was also significantly greater in the morning than in the afternoon (19 +/- 2% and 11 +/- 2%; P < .01). In group 2, the dilator response to acetylcholine did not differ significantly between the morning and afternoon (22 +/- 3% and 17 +/- 2%, respectively; P = NS), and the dilator response to nitroglycerin was also similar at both times of the day (30 +/- 3% and 28 +/- 4%, respectively; P = NS).Coronary segments with dysfunctional endothelium exhibit an early morning exaggeration in vasomotor activity, whereas segments with normally functioning endothelium do not show circadian variations. This suggests a potential protective role for the endothelium in modulating variations in coronary tone that may contribute to increased incidence of cardiovascular events in the early morning hours.
Concentrations of the domestic house dust mite allergen Der p I after treatment with solidified benzyl benzoate (Acarosan) or liquid nitrogen.
Authors: T K Ninan, G Russell, M Omran
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Effect of aminophylline on brain tissue oxygenation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease Nishimura and colleagues (December 1992; 47:1025-9) introduce their study of blood gas changes immediately following intravenous theophylline and ethylenediamine by citing two unreliable and misleading references'2 to the upsetting effect of theophylline on children's behaviour.They are only loosely related because ethylendiamine is not inert and these papers concern long term oral theophylline alone.The first study which claimed that "teach- ers could easily discriminate between chil- dren on theophylline and on placebo" used 53 questions irredeemably skewed by restrict- ing the answers to "average," "somewhat more," or "much more."Two questions, "gets into fights?"and "gets angry easily?" reached 5% significance.The rest-the same questionnaire to parents and four psychmotor tests-found nothing.These questions missed 13 of the 20 on treatment so the teachers' scores were actually twice as often wrong as right.The claim is therefore positively misleading.Even more so is the implication that teachers by themselves could tell which children were on theophylline.Not cited by the present authors is a more careful similar study3 with negative findings.In the second study,' school behaviour problems "spontaneously raised" by earlier parents were not confirmed by comparing behaviour checklists and five psychomotor tests with controls.The authors noted the same degree of worsening in the control group in the remaining test as of improvement in the group changed to cromoglycate.They gave no data to support their further claim of "improvement on all concentration measures" in that group.Choosing these two references indirectly and correctly implies that there is no evi- dence of impairment in adults.It is not mentioned in the many acute studies car- ried out over decades with aminophylline, and was not found by those who used appropriate tests.It would have been good to have simultaneous cognitive or psychomotor data from Nishimura's study since its uniquely valuable features cannot easily be repeated.
REGULATION AND INHIBITION OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A<sub>2</sub>
Authors: Jesús Balsinde, María A. Balboa, Paul A. Insel, Edward A. Dennis
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1999)

▪ Abstract In recent years, there has been great interest in the study of phospholipid metabolism in intact cell systems. Such an interest arises mainly from the discovery that cellular membrane phospholipids serve not only in structural roles, but are also reservoirs of preformed second messenger molecules with key roles in cellular signaling. These second messenger molecules are generated by agonist-induced activation and secretion of intracellular and extracellular phospholipases, respectively, i.e. enzymes that cleave ester bonds within phospholipids. Prominent members of the large collection of signal-activated phospholipases are the phospholipase A 2 s. These enzymes hydrolyze the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipids, releasing a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid, both of which may alter cell function. In addition to its role in cellular signaling, phospholipase A 2 has recently been recognized to be involved in a wide number of pathophysiological situations, ranging from systemic and acute inflammatory conditions to cancer. A growing number of pharmacologic inhibitors will help define the role of particular phospholipase A 2 s in signaling cascades.
Exercise testing in children before and after surgical treatment of aortic stenosis.
Authors: J T Whitmer, F W James, S Kaplan, D C Schwartz, M J Knight
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Twenty-three children with valvar or discrete subvalvar aortic stenosis underwent a controlled, progressive bicycle exercise test within 6 months before and 3-30 months after surgery for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The patients were divided into three groups according to the preoperative resting gradient of left ventricular to aortic peak systolic pressure: 30-69 mm Hg (group A), 70-99 mm Hg (group B), and greater than or equal to 100 mm Hg (group C). Preoperatively, 19 of 23 patients (83%) developed significant ST depression (greater than or equal to 1.0 mm) during exercise, whereas only seven (30%) had abnormal ST depression at rest. Postoperatively, mean exercise-induced ST depression regressed to less than 1 mm in all three groups. In the total population the frequency of ST depression greater than 1 mm was significantly reduced after surgical treatment and mean total work and peak exercise systolic blood pressure were significantly increased within 12 months after surgery. Total work increased significantly in group B within 12 months and in group C within 13-24 months after surgery, but remained unchanged on group A. Peak exercise heart rates were similar before and after surgery in each group. Peak exercise systolic pressures increased after surgery in all three groups, but the mean differences were statistically significant only in group C patients tested 13-24 months after surgery. The results of this study show that exercise testing is useful for quantifying the severity of aortic stenosis and documenting the clinical improvement (or lack thereof) after surgical treatment, and that properly supervised exercise testing can be performed at minimal risk to children with significant aortic stenosis.
Severe recurrent Crohn's disease of the ileocolonic anastomosis disappearing completely with antibacterial therapy
Authors: P R Elliott
Journal: Gut (2005)

Pitfalls in diagnosing acute pancreatitisWe thank Jolobe for his letter (Gut 2005;54:1207-8) which mentions the difficulty of establishing the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.We did not address diagnostic tests and medical intensive care treatment of acute pancreatitis in our article, 1 but reviewed the interventional and surgical treatment strategies in acute pancreatitis.There is no doubt that treatment of acute pancreatitis, including organ failure in its early phase, is solely supportive. 2 Due to improvements in inten- sive care medicine, mortality of severe disease has decreased dramatically over the past decades.However, to treat patient adequately, the correct diagnosis has to be made.Therefore, the first step in the diagnostic process of acute pancreatitis is to think of this disease.According to the latest classification from Atlanta, 3 acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of other regional tissues or remote organ systems.From a clinical point of view, acute upper abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzyme levels are needed to diagnose acute pancreatitis.As pointed out by Jolobe in his letter, acute pancreatitis is still underdiagnosed under certain clinical conditions, including diabetic ketoacidosis, but also in other clinical situations, such as shock of unknown origin, patients under intensive care treatment, as well as rare causes of the disease.As acute pancreatitis can be associated with diabetic ketoacidosis and the association between these two is a two way cause-and-effect relationship, early imaging of the pancreas is recommended in these patients to establish the correct diagnosis.Our article focused on the surgical and interventional treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.
Ventricular pressure-area loop characteristics in the stage 16 to 24 chick embryo.
Authors: B B Keller, N Hu, P J Serrino, E B Clark
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The accurate description of embryonic cardiovascular function requires the adaption of standard measurement techniques to the small scale of the developing heart. In the mature heart, the analysis of ventricular pressure and volume accurately defines function. Because in vivo measures of volume are not feasible in the embryonic heart, we tested the hypothesis that ventricular pressure-area loops accurately define ventricular function in the stage 16 to stage 24 white Leghorn chick embryo. We simultaneously measured ventricular pressure with a servo-null pressure system and recorded video images at 60 Hz. The pressure waveform was superimposed onto the video image in real time. Video fields were planimetered for epicardial ventricular cross-sectional area and ventricular pressure. Pressure and area data were smoothed using a fast Fourier transform filter and plotted. Data are reported as mean +/- SEM, n greater than or equal to 4, and were tested by regression analysis and analysis of variance (p less than 0.05). Heart rate increased from 90 +/- 7 beats/min at stage 16 to 130 +/- 13 beats/min at stage 24. All pressure-area loops displayed diastolic filling, isometric contraction, ejection, and isometric relaxation, similar to pressure-volume loops of the mature heart. Isometric contraction time increased from 42 +/- 5 to 62 +/- 4 msec (p less than 0.05), while isometric relaxation time was 124 +/- 12 and 120 +/- 10 msec (p greater than 0.05) between stages 16 and 24, respectively. The maximum ratio of instantaneous ventricular pressure to area identified end systole better than peak ventricular pressure or minimum ventricular area. Thus, pressure-area relations define ventricular function in the embryonic chick heart.
A Phase II Study of Amrubicin and Carboplatin for Untreated Patients with Extensive-Diasese Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kohei Motoshima, Daiki Ogawara, Shinnosuke Takemoto, Kosuke Mizoguchi, Takaya Ikeda, Minoru Fukuda, Katsumi Nakatomi, Seiji Nagashima, Yoichi Nakamura, Shigeru Kono
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of stem cell therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: J. Panes, A. Salas
Journal: Gut (2009)

IL-21 promotes Th17 differentiation, and Th17 cells that upregulate T-bet, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF drive experimental autoimmune diseases in mice. Anti–IL-21 treatment of autoimmune patients is therefore a therapeutic option, but the role of IL-21 in human T cell differentiation is incompletely understood. IL-21 was produced at high levels by human CD4<sup>+</sup> central memory T cells, suggesting that it is associated with early T cell differentiation. Consistently, it was inhibited by forced expression of T-bet or RORC2, the lineage-defining transcription factors of Th1 and Th17 effector cells, respectively. Although IL-21 was efficiently induced by IL-12 in naive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, it inhibited the generation of Th1 effector cells in a negative feedback loop. IL-21 was also induced by IL-6 and promoted Th17 differentiation, but it was not absolutely required. Importantly, however, IL-21 promoted IL-10 secretion but inhibited IFN-γ and GM-CSF production in developing Th17 cells, and consequently prevented the generation of polyfunctional Th1/17 effector cells. Moreover, in Th17 memory cells, IL-21 selectively inhibited T-bet upregulation and GM-CSF production. In summary, IL-21 is a central memory T cell–associated cytokine that promotes Th17 differentiation and IL-10 production, but inhibits the generation of potentially pathogenic Th1/17 effector cells. These findings shed new light on the role of IL-21 in T cell differentiation, and have relevant implications for anti–IL-21 therapy of autoimmune diseases.
Enhanced Peritoneal Ovarian Tumor Dissemination by Tissue Transglutaminase
Authors: Minati Satpathy, Liyun Cao, Roxana Pincheira, Robert Emerson, Robert Bigsby, Harikrishna Nakshatri, Daniela Matei
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is involved in Ca(2+)-dependent aggregation and polymerization of proteins. We previously reported that TG2 mRNA is up-regulated in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells compared with normal ovarian epithelium. Here, we show overexpression of the TG2 protein in ovarian cancer cells and tumors and its secretion in ascites fluid and define its role in EOC. By stable knockdown and overexpression, we show that TG2 enhances EOC cell adhesion to fibronectin and directional cell migration. This phenotype is preserved in vivo, where the pattern of tumor dissemination in the peritoneal space is dependent on TG2 expression levels. TG2 knockdown diminishes dissemination of tumors on the peritoneal surface and mesentery in an i.p. ovarian xenograft model. This phenotype is associated with deficient beta(1) integrin-fibronectin interaction, leading to weaker anchorage of cancer cells to the peritoneal matrix. Highly expressed in ovarian tumors, TG2 facilitates i.p. tumor dissemination by enhancing cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and modulating beta(1) integrin subunit expression.