tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The complexity of HLA-DS molecules. A homozygous cell line expresses multiple HLA-DS alpha chains.
Authors: R W Karr, C Alber, S M Goyert, J Silver, R J Duquesnoy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Ia molecules expressed by an HLA-DRw6 homozygous cell line were immunoprecipitated with anti-Ia allosera and monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by 2-D gel electrophoresis. The DRw6 homozygous cell line was shown to express two DS beta chains; this observation extends our previous finding that a DR5 homozygous cell line expresses two DS beta chains and suggests that the expression of at least two DS beta chains by DR homozygous cell lines is a generalized phenomenon. The data presented here document for the first time that a DR homozygous cell line expresses at least two DS alpha chains. Therefore, this cell line expresses at least two DS molecules with the potential for the expression of four DS molecules. In agreement with previous reports, the cell line was shown to express two DR beta chains and one DR alpha chain that combine to form two DR molecules. The molecular specificities of two MB1 allosera and two MB1 -like monoclonal antibodies were also compared in these studies. Both MB1 allosera isolated a single DS molecule, while the MB1 -like monoclonal antibodies isolated at least two DS molecules. Therefore, these studies document for the first time that anti-Ia reagents which are specific for the MB1 or MB1 -like determinants in population studies do not recognize the same Ia molecules in immunochemical studies. The data presented here for the expression of at least two DS alpha chains and the location of the MB1 allodeterminant on only one of multiple DS molecules are in agreement with recent studies at the gene level.
Influence of Inoculation Site on Development of the Lewis Lung Carcinoma and Suppressor Cell Activity in Syngeneic Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: I Malavé, I Blanca, H Fuji
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The growth of the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) was studied in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice inoculated sc with similar numbers of tumor cells in either the flank or the hind footpad (fp). After injection of small numbers of 3LL cells, the incidence of tumors was lower in the flank than in the fp. However, after a successful 3LL transplant, tumors in the flank progressed faster than those in the fp, as evidenced by the early metastatic dissemination to the lungs and the shorter survival of the hosts. Local adoptive transfer tests demonstrated the early appearance of suppressor cell activity in spleens from mice bearing tumors in the flank. Adult thymectomy as well as treatement with antithymocyte serum after the tumor transplant inhibited the growth of a flank tumor but did not modify significantly that of an fp tumor. Thus variations in the site of a subcutaneous tumor implant resulted in differences in tumor development that appeared to depend on the characteristics of the immune response elicited by the inoculum.
Major prognostic factors of Japanese patients with lymphoma‐type adult T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Yoshinori Shimamoto, Kenji Suga, Junji Nishimura, Hajime Nawata, Masaya Yamaguchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Fifty-three Japanese patients with the lymphoma-type adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) were analyzed to study the prognostic value of various clinical findings recorded at the time of diagnosis. All patients were positive for human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody and demonstrated monoclonal integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA in their malignant cells. The important individual variables detected in a previous univariate analysis were placed in a multiple regression model to identify the major prognostic factors for survival. This analysis showed that serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), calcium, and total protein levels had a strong predictive relationship with the length of survival (in descending order of importance). Among the 53 patients, 46 were dead at the time of analysis. The cause of death in relation to the duration of survival is also reviewed in this article.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Is a Mediator of Epidermal Growth Factor–Dependent E-Cadherin Loss in Ovarian Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Karen D. Cowden Dahl, Jaime Symowicz, Yan Ning, Elisa Gutierrez, David A. Fishman, Brian P. Adley, M. Sharon Stack, Laurie G. Hudson
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is frequently elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer, and E-cadherin expression is often reduced in advanced disease. In this study, we investigated a mechanism by which EGFR activation promotes disruption of adherens junctions through induction of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). We show that EGFR activation down-modulates E-cadherin, and broad spectrum MMP inhibition ameliorates EGF-stimulated junctional disruption and loss of E-cadherin protein. MMP-9 involvement in EGF-dependent down-regulation of E-cadherin was determined by siRNA specifically directed against MMP-9. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant MMP-9 or transient expression of MMP-9 is sufficient to reduce E-cadherin levels in differentiated ovarian tumor cells. Stable overexpression of MMP-9 led to a loss of E-cadherin and junctional integrity, and promoted a migratory and invasive phenotype. Thus, elevated MMP-9 protein expression is sufficient for junctional disruption and loss of E-cadherin in these cells. The associations between EGFR activation, MMP-9 expression, and E-cadherin were investigated in human ovarian tumors and paired peritoneal metastases wherein immunohistochemical staining for activated (phospho) EGFR and MMP-9 colocalized with regions of reduced E-cadherin. These data suggest that regulation of MMP-9 by EGFR may represent a novel mechanism for down-modulation of E-cadherin in ovarian cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(12):4606–13]
British Thoracic Society Sarcoidosis study: effects of long term corticosteroid treatment.
Authors: G J Gibson, R J Prescott, M F Muers, W G Middleton, D N Mitchell, C K Connolly, B D Harrison
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids suppress disease activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis and their use produces symptomatic, radiographic, and functional improvement. There is, however, uncertainty regarding their effects on the overall natural history of the condition and long term benefit is unproven. METHODS: Patients with pulmonary radiographic shadowing due to sarcoidosis were recruited in a multicentre study. Those who, in the first six months after entry to the study, neither required prednisolone for symptoms nor showed radiographic improvement were allocated at six months to receive either long term steroid treatment (group L) or selective treatment (group S), with regular assessment over the subsequent five years. Patients in group L were scheduled to receive steroid treatment for at least 18 months with the policy of achieving and maintaining maximal radiographic clearing, while in group S treatment was reserved for use only if warranted by later development of symptoms or deteriorating lung function. Symptoms, radiographic appearances, and respiratory function were assessed periodically during the study. RESULTS: One hundred and forty nine patients were followed: 33 required prednisolone for troublesome symptoms within six months of entry and 58 showed radiographic improvement over this period. The remaining 58 patients were allocated to groups L (n = 27) and S (n = 31). Patients in group L showed greater improvements in symptoms, respiratory function, and radiographic appearances than those in group S, although the differences were not large. After adjusting for differences at the time of allocation, the average difference in vital capacity between groups L and S at final assessment was 9% of the predicted value. Side effects of treatment were frequent but usually mild, necessitating withdrawal in only two individuals. CONCLUSIONS: After excluding those individuals who required steroids for control of symptoms, approximately half of the remaining patients with sarcoidosis and pulmonary shadowing showed spontaneous radiographic improvement during six months of observation. In those in whom the radiograph failed to improve, prolonged steroid treatment with the aim of optimising radiographic appearances resulted in a significantly better long term functional outcome.
Future Research Directions in Asthma
Authors: William Busse, Susan Banks-Schlegel, Patricia Noel, Hector Ortega, Virginia Taggart, Jack Elias
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<PRIORITY 1: INNATE IMMUNI...PRIORITY 2: MECHANISMS AN...PRIORITY 3: MECHANISMS OF...PRIORITY 4: GENETICS/GENE...INITIATIVE 5: INTERVENTIO...INITIATIVE 6: VASCULAR BA...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Pulmonary rehabilitation following hospitalisation for acute exacerbation of COPD: referrals, uptake and adherence
Authors: Sarah E Jones, Stuart A Green, Amy L Clark, Mandy J Dickson, Ann-Marie Nolan, Clare Moloney, Samantha S C Kon, Faisal Kamal, Joy Godden, Cathy Howe, Derek Bell, Sharon Fleming, B Mimi Haselden, William D-C Man
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Rationale</h3> Several randomised controlled trials support the provision of early pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) following hospitalisation for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, there is little real-world data regarding uptake, adherence and completion rates. <h3>Methods</h3> An audit was conducted to prospectively document referral, uptake, adherence and completion rates for early post-hospitalisation outpatient PR in Northwest London over a 12-month period. <h3>Results</h3> Out of 448 hospital discharges for AECOPD, 90 referrals for post-hospitalisation PR were received. Only 43 patients received and completed PR (9.6% of all hospital discharges) despite a fully commissioned PR service. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Despite the strong evidence base, there are poor referral and uptake rates for early outpatient PR following hospitalisation for AECOPD, with only a small proportion of the intended target population receiving this intervention.
INFECTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF MOUSE PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES BY SIMIAN VIRUS 40
Authors: J. Mauel, V. Defendi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The stimulation of DNA synthesis in mouse (C57BL) macrophages explanted in vitro was demonstrated after treatment with conditioned medium or infection with SV40. In the latter case, induction of SV40 T antigen was detected before TdR-(3)H incorporation. Even though all macrophages were infected (T antigen-positive), they exhibited considerable pleomorphism, accompanied by functional differences. Permanent lines of SV40-transformed macrophages were eventually established, and one clone was isolated which replicates indefinitely and has many properties of primary macrophages: high acid phosphatase and phagocytic activity, lysozyme production, and specific antigenic determinants. These cells differ from normal macrophages in that they contain the SV40 genome, can be trypsinized, and do not require conditioned medium for continued replication.
Milk and mortality
Authors: C. M. Schooling
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Triage describes the assignment of resources based on where they can be best used, are most needed, or are most likely to achieve success. Triage is of particular importance in time-critical conditions such as acute ischemic stroke. In this setting, one of the goals of triage is to minimize the delay to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), without delaying intravenous thrombolysis or other time-critical treatments including patients who cannot benefit from EVT. EVT triage is highly context-specific, and depends on availability of financial resources, staff resources, local infrastructure, and geography. Furthermore, the EVT triage landscape is constantly changing, as EVT indications evolve and new neuroimaging methods, EVT technologies, and adjunctive medical treatments are developed and refined. This review provides an overview of recent developments in EVT triage at both the pre-hospital and in-hospital stages. We discuss pre-hospital large vessel occlusion detection tools, transport paradigms, in-hospital workflows, acute stroke neuroimaging protocols, and angiography suite workflows. The most important factor in EVT triage, however, is teamwork. Irrespective of any new technology, EVT triage will only reach optimal performance if all team members, including paramedics, nurses, technologists, emergency physicians, neurologists, radiologists, neurosurgeons, and anesthesiologists, are involved and engaged. Thus, building sustainable relationships through continuous efforts and hands-on training forms an integral part in ensuring rapid and efficient EVT triage.
Sodium cromoglycate and doxantrazole are oxygen radical scavengers
Authors: G. Sadeghi-Hashjin, F.P. Nijkamp, P.A.J. Henricks, G. Folkerts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The effects of two mast cell stabilisers, sodium cromoglycate (SCG) and doxantrazole, on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied. Guinea-pig alveolar macrophages (AMs) generated lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL). This was increased when the cells were stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or zymosan (by 133% and 464%, respectively, in total LDCL over 60 min). SCG decreased PMA-induced LDCL at higher concentrations (10 mM, by 55%) than doxantrazole (1 mM, by 75%). SCG decreased radical production by AMs in response to zymosan in a concentration-dependent manner by ≤72%. Doxantrazole (0.1–1 mM) diminished total LDCL by 30–80%. In addition, glucose oxidase led to LDCL generation when incubated with glucose in a cell-free medium. This was inhibited by 47–83% in the presence of SCG or doxantrazole. SCG and doxantrazole inhibited the hydrogen peroxide- and peroxynitrite-induced LDCL by ≤92%. Moreover, these drugs slightly increased the survival rate of the AMs. It is concluded that doxantrazole- and sodium cromoglycate-inhibited lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence production by guinea-pig alveolar macrophages is due to a direct scavenging effect on reactive oxygen species. Doxantrazole is ∼10-times more potent. Mast cell stabilisers may be effective in allergic asthma not only by preventing the allergen-induced mediator release, but also by preventing radical-induced lung damage.
P-Wave Analysis in Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: JAMES J. MORRIS, E. HARVEY ESTES, ROBERT E. WHALEN, HOWARD K. THOMPSON, HENRY D. MCINTOSH
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Electrocardiographic analysis of the P waves occurring in a series of 113 normal subjects and 100 patients with specifically defined valvular lesions are reviewed. The former methods of analysis showed a marked lack of specificity. By dividing the P wave in lead V 1 into initial and terminal portions, a measure designated as the P terminal force has been derived. This measure is of value in two respects: (1) it correctly separates normal subjects from those patients with left-sided valvular lesions in 92 per cent of this series and (2) once a given valve lesion is suspected clinically, this measure enables one to make an estimation of the severity of that lesion from the degree of abnormality of the P terminal force at V 1 . The P terminal force does not indicate the type of valvular disease present, nor does it correlate with any one specific hemodynamic measure. The abnormality does appear to be related, within each separate type of valve disease, to the specific hemodynamic abnormality of that type of valvular involvement. The anatomic and electrophysiologic changes that might relate to these P-wave changes are discussed.
Past-Year Use of Outpatient Services for Psychiatric Problems in the National Comorbidity Survey
Authors: Ronald C. Kessler, Shanyang Zhao, Steven J. Katz, Anthony C. Kouzis, Richard G. Frank, Mark Edlund, Philip Leaf
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The authors present nationally representative descriptive data on 12-month use of outpatient services for psychiatric problems. They focused on the relationship between DSM-III-R disorders and service use in four broadly defined service sectors as well as the distribution of service use in multiple service sectors. METHOD: Data from the National Comorbidity Survey were examined. RESULTS: Summary measures of the seriousness and complexity of illness were significantly related to probability of use, number of sectors used, mean number of visits, and specialty treatment. One-fourth of the people in outpatient treatment were seen in multiple service sectors, but no evidence was found of multisector offset in number of visits. CONCLUSIONS: Use of outpatient services for psychiatric problems appears to have increased over the decade between the early 1980s and early 1990s, especially in the self-help sector. Aggregate allocation of treatment resources was related to need, highlighting the importance of making provisions for specialty care in the triage systems currently evolving as part of managed care.
Have We Established a Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Regimen for Liver Metastases?
Authors: Xavier Mirabel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

TO THEEDITOR:I read with great interest the results of the phase I/IIstudybyRusthovenetal 1 showingwhatis,todate,thebest1-and 2-year local control in a study of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver metastases published. These excellent results were obtained with low levels of toxicity to liver and surrounding organs. Their study is well-controlled and conducted, and will be of great benefit to those of us treating liver with SBRT and to our patients. It appears that after several years of testing a wide variety of treatment regimens,wemaybeneartoestablishinganacceptableSBRTregimen for liver metastases.
KIT as a Therapeutic Target in Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Richard D. Carvajal
Journal: JAMA (2011)

greatest morbidity and mortality of all skin cancers. 1 An estimated 68 130 invasive melanomas were diagnosed and 8700 deaths due to metastatic disease were recorded in the United States in 2010. 2 Dacarbazine, 3 interleukin 2, 4 and ipilimumab are approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma by the US Food and Drug Administration.][5] Melanoma is composed of several biologically distinct subtypes, each with unique genetic and clinical features, 6 and each likely to respond differently to any one therapeutic strategy.The most common melanoma subtype in the United States arises from non-chronically sun-damaged (non-CSD) skin and often harbors activating mutations in BRAF. 7elanoma arising from mucosal, acral,
Cardiovascular Disease in U.S. Patients With Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Elevated C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Shaista Malik, Nathan D. Wong, Stanley Franklin, Jose Pio, Carol Fairchild, Roland Chen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—C-reactive protein (CRP) independently predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD); whether it can stratify risk in those with metabolic syndrome and diabetes is not well documented. We evaluated whether elevated CRP levels modify the relationship of metabolic syndrome and diabetes with CVD in U.S. adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a cross-sectional study of 3,873 subjects (weighted to 156 million) aged ≥18 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000, subjects were classified as having diabetes, metabolic syndrome according to modified National Cholesterol Education Program criteria, or neither condition by low (&amp;lt;1 mg/l), intermediate (1–3 mg/l), or high (&amp;gt;3 mg/l) CRP levels. Logistic regression examined the odds of CVD by disease condition and CRP group. RESULTS—After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and total cholesterol, compared with those with neither metabolic syndrome nor diabetes and low CRP levels, the odds of CVD were 1.99 (95% CI 1.10–3.59) for those with no disease and high CRP levels and 2.67 (1.30–5.48) for those with metabolic syndrome and intermediate CRP. Persons with metabolic syndrome but high CRP had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.33 (1.80–6.16), similar to those with diabetes and low CRP (3.21 [1.27–8.09]). The likelihood of CVD was highest in those with diabetes who had intermediate CRP levels (6.01 [2.54–14.20]) and in those with diabetes and high CRP (7.73 [3.99–14.95]). CONCLUSIONS—In this cross-sectional analysis, CVD is more common in those with metabolic syndrome or diabetes who have elevated CRP. Stratification by CRP may add prognostic information in patients with metabolic syndrome or diabetes.
A Behavioral Weight-Loss Intervention in Persons with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Gail L. Daumit, Faith B. Dickerson, Nae Yuh Wang, Arlene Dalcin, Gerald J. Jerome, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Deborah R. Young, Kevin D. Frick, Airong Yu, Joseph V. Gennusa, Meghan Oefinger, Rosa M. Crum, Jeanne Charleston, Sarah S. Casagrande, Eliseo Guallar, Richard W. Goldberg, Leslie M. Campbell, Lawrence J. Appel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Overweight and obesity are epidemic among persons with serious mental illness, yet weight-loss trials systematically exclude this vulnerable population. Lifestyle interventions require adaptation in this group because psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment are highly prevalent. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of an 18-month tailored behavioral weight-loss intervention in adults with serious mental illness.We recruited overweight or obese adults from 10 community psychiatric rehabilitation outpatient programs and randomly assigned them to an intervention or a control group. Participants in the intervention group received tailored group and individual weight-management sessions and group exercise sessions. Weight change was assessed at 6, 12, and 18 months.Of 291 participants who underwent randomization, 58.1% had schizophrenia or a schizoaffective disorder, 22.0% had bipolar disorder, and 12.0% had major depression. At baseline, the mean body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) was 36.3, and the mean weight was 102.7 kg (225.9 lb). Data on weight at 18 months were obtained from 279 participants. Weight loss in the intervention group increased progressively over the 18-month study period and differed significantly from the control group at each follow-up visit. At 18 months, the mean between-group difference in weight (change in intervention group minus change in control group) was -3.2 kg (-7.0 lb, P=0.002); 37.8% of the participants in the intervention group lost 5% or more of their initial weight, as compared with 22.7% of those in the control group (P=0.009). There were no significant between-group differences in adverse events.A behavioral weight-loss intervention significantly reduced weight over a period of 18 months in overweight and obese adults with serious mental illness. Given the epidemic of obesity and weight-related disease among persons with serious mental illness, our findings support implementation of targeted behavioral weight-loss interventions in this high-risk population. (Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health; ACHIEVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00902694.).
on sticking labels
Authors: jan pieter m. a. maes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

steels &amp; belpaeme (s&amp;b) are clearly interested in the possible test their models may provide for human language theories. however, they only superficially address the assumptions underlying their own agent architecture, while these are of crucial relevance to the topic of human language. these assumptions fit an augustinian picture of language, which wittgenstein challenges in his philosophical investigations . it is too early to draw conclusions regarding human language evolution from such models.