tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enriched CD161<sup>high</sup>CCR6<sup>+</sup>γδ T Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lucas Schirmer, Veit Rothhammer, Bernhard Hemmer, Thomas Korn
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2012)

To investigate the expression of CD161 (KLRB1) and CCR6 on human γδ T cells in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in relapse.Flow cytometry analysis of CD161 and CCR6 expression and intracellular cytokine staining for interleukin 17 and interferon-γ on human γδ T cells in blood and CSF samples.Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, a tertiary referral center.Twenty-six patients with CIS/MS in active relapse, 10 patients with other autoimmune disorders, 12 patients with neuroinfectious diseases, and 15 patients with noninflammatory neurological diseases.Frequencies of CD161high and CCR6+ γδ T cells in blood and CSF samples of patients with CIS/MS in relapse and control patients.γδ T cells were increased in both blood and CSF of patients with CIS/MS in relapse as compared with controls with noninflammatory disease. The fraction of CD161high CCR6+ γδ T cells was significantly higher in the CSF of patients with CIS/MS in relapse than of those with systemic autoimmune disorders or controls with noninflammatory disease. The CD161high CCR6+ double-positive γδ T-cell population was further enriched in the CSF in relation to blood in patients with CIS/MS in relapse but not in patients with infectious disease or the other control groups. The CD161high CCR6+ γδ T-cell population was characterized by its capacity to produce interleukin 17.Interleukin 17–producing CD161high CCR6+ γδ T cells might contribute to the compartmentalized inflammatory process in the central nervous system of patients with MS.
A prediction rule to identify allocation of inpatient care in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: P.P. España, A. Capelastegui, J.M. Quintana, A. Soto, I. Gorordo, M. García-Urbaneja, A. Bilbao
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The current authors developed a new prediction rule based on the five risk classes defined by the Pneumonia Severity Index to identify allocation of inpatient care in community-acquired pneumonia. The decision to hospitalise in low-risk classes (I−III) was unquestionable, if the presence of one or more of the following were evident: arterial oxygen tension &lt;8.0 kPa (60 mmHg), shock, decompensated coexisting illnesses, pleural effusion, inability to maintain oral intake, social problem, and lack of response to previous adequate empirical antibiotic therapy. The results at 18 months after implementation of this new prediction rule are reported in a series of 616 patients. The mortality rate was 0.5% in 221 patients treated as outpatients versus 8.9% in 395 patients treated as inpatients. Specific additional criteria for hospitalisation included in the prediction rule were present in 106 of the 178 low-risk patients treated as inpatients, whereas in the remaining 72, the decision to hospitalise was apparently unjustified by the prediction rule. These 72 patients showed a better outcome (significantly shorter hospitalisation, days on intravenous antibiotics, mortality, and complicated course) than high-risk patients and low-risk patients who met the additional specific criteria for deciding hospital admission. Therefore, admission in these low-risk patients might have been avoided by strict adherence to the new prediction rule. Another relevant finding was that the Pneumonia Severity Index alone did not identify all patients who needed to be admitted to the hospital.
Genomic epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibility to cefixime in the USA: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Yonatan H Grad, Robert D Kirkcaldy, David Trees, Janina Dordel, Simon R Harris, Edward Goldstein, Hillard Weinstock, Julian Parkhill, William P Hanage, Stephen Bentley, Marc Lipsitch
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
When CPAP is stopped: what are the "on switches" of sleep apnoea?
Authors: Kingman P. Strohl, Andrew Wellman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Stopping CPAP could be used as a model for uncovering the reestablishment of OSA http://ow.ly/tvbJPAdult sleep apnoea is considered a relatively common and chronic disease, with the defining features of sleep disordered breathing (apnoeas, hypopneas and respiratory effort-related arousals) leading to its consequences.The physiological sequelae include a fall in oxygen and rise in carbon dioxide, changes in intrathoracic pressure and cardiac performance, and/or arousals from sleep [1].Morbidity and mortality occur due to daytime inattention and sleepiness (leading to impaired quality of life with drowsiness, and fall-asleep crashes and accidents), metabolic syndrome [2] and cardiovascular disease (hypertension, stroke, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, etc.) [3,4], with some recent evidence that apnoeas might confer a greater risk of cancer or cancer progression [5,6].Yet it is widely accepted that there is imprecision in the links between events in sleep and these adverse outcomes, so that determining an individual's prognosis and need for immediate therapy is an uncertain art.
Ambulatory treatment in the management of pneumothorax: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Fraser John H Brims, Nick A Maskell
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is broken down into primary (PSP: no known underlying lung disease), secondary (SSP: known lung disease) and from trauma or iatrogenic pneumothorax (IP). Current treatments include a conservative approach, needle aspiration, chest drain, suction and surgery. A Heimlich valve (HV) is a lightweight one-way valve designed for the ambulatory treatment of pneumothorax (with an intercostal catheter). <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a systematic review across nine electronic databases for studies reporting the use of HV for adults with pneumothorax. Randomised controlled trials (RCT), case control studies and case series were included, unrestricted by year of publication. Measures of interest included the use only of a HV to manage SP or IP, (ie, avoidance of further procedures), successful treatment as outpatient (OP) and complications. <h3>Results</h3> Eighteen studies were included reporting on the use of HV in 1235 patients, 992 cases of SP (of which 413 were reported as PSP) and 243 IP. The overall quality of the reports was moderate to poor with high risk of bias. Success with HV alone was 1060/1235 (85.8%) and treatment as OP successful in 761/977 (77.9%). Serious complications are rare. Long-term outcomes are comparable with current treatments. <h3>Conclusions</h3> High-quality data to support the use of HV for ambulatory treatment of pneumothorax is sparse. The use of HV in such circumstances may have benefits for patient comfort, mobility and avoidance of hospital admission, with comparable outcomes to current practice. There is urgent need for a carefully designed RCT to answer his question.
Chemotherapy and Survival Benefit in Elderly Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Amy J. Davidoff, Mei Tang, Brian Seal, Martin J. Edelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Platinum-doublet chemotherapy regimens have been shown to extend survival in fit patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (AdvNSCLC). This study extends recent population-based analyses focusing on treatment and survival benefit from use of platinum-doublet therapy, and addressing the role of performance status (PS).Patients >or= 66 years with AdvNSCLC incident from 1997 to 2002 were identified in SEER-Medicare. Multivariate models examined tumor and patient characteristics associated with receipt of any chemotherapy and receipt of platinum-doublet compared with single-agent therapy. Nonparametric models estimated treatment effects on survival. Models controlled for patient characteristics, including a novel method to use claims-based indicators to characterize PS. Propensity score analysis adjusted for confounding.Of the 21,285 patients, 25.8% received first-line chemotherapy. Multivariate analyses indicate lower use of any chemotherapy and platinum-based doublet regimens with increasing age, comorbidity, and poor PS. Receipt of any chemotherapy was associated with reduction in the adjusted hazard of death (0.558; 95% CI, 0.547 to 0.569) and an increase in adjusted 1-year survival from 11.6% (95% CI, 11.1 to 12.0) to 27.0% (95% CI, 26.4 to 27.6). Platinum-doublet receipt increased adjusted 1-year survival over single agents, from 19.4% (95% CI, 18.3 to 20.4) to 30.1% (95% CI, 28.9 to 31.4).Most elderly patients with AdvNSCLC do not receive chemotherapy, yet there are clear survival benefits, even with controls for age, comorbidity, and PS. The benefit of platinum-based doublet regimens is greater than single-agent chemotherapy. Claims-based proxy indicators of poor PS were independent predictors of treatment and merit further exploration.
Persistent Treatment Effect with Grass Synthetic Peptide Immuno-Regulatory Epitopes in Grass Allergy Symptoms in an Environmental Exposure Unit Challenge after a Second Season of Natural Pollen Exposure
Authors: Anne Ellis, Charles W. Frankish, Kristen Armstrong, Mark Larché, Lisa Steacy, Rod Hafner, Robyn O'Hehir
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
A SPECIFIC HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE INTEGRATED WITH ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS CAN FACILITATE MULTICENTER RESEARCH
Authors: Craig S. Broberg, Ann Gianola, Julie Mitchell, Joseph Weiss, Anne Marie Valente, Michael Earing, Ariane Marelli, Curtis Daniels, Amy Verstappen, Michelle Gurvitz, Paul Khairy, Stephen Cook, Ali Zaidi, Andrew Grant, David Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Autoantibody Cancer Biomarker: Extracellular Protein Kinase A
Authors: Maria V. Nesterova, Natalie Johnson, Christopher Cheadle, Susan E. Bates, Sridhar Mani, Constantine A. Stratakis, Islam Kahn, Rishab K. Gupta, Yoon S. Cho-Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract In cancer cells, cyclic AMP–dependent protein kinase (PKA) is secreted into the conditioned medium. This PKA, designated as extracellular protein kinase A (ECPKA), is markedly up-regulated in the sera of patients with cancer. The currently available tumor markers are based on the antigen determination method and lack specificity and sensitivity. Here, we present an ECPKA autoantibody detection method for a universal biomarker that detects cancer of various cell types. We tested sera from 295 patients with cancers of various cell types, 155 normal controls, and 55 patients without cancer. The specificity and sensitivity of this autoantibody enzyme immunoassay method were compared with the conventional antigen determination method by receiver-operating characteristic plots. In the sera, the presence of autoantibody directed against ECPKA was highly correlated with cancer. High anti-ECPKA autoantibody titers (frequency, 90%; mean titer, 3.0) were found in the sera of patients with various cancers, whereas low or negative titers (frequency, 12%; mean titer, 1.0) were found in the control group. The receiver-operating characteristic plot showed that autoantibody enzyme immunoassay exhibited 90% sensitivity and 88% specificity, whereas the enzymatic assay exhibited 83% sensitivity and 80% specificity. These results show that the autoantibody method distinguished between patients with cancer and controls better than the antigen method could. Our results show that autoantibody ECPKA is a universal serum biomarker for cancers of various cell types. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(18): 8971-4)
Suppression of B-cell differentiation by leukocytes from hypogammaglobulinemic patients.
Authors: F P Siegal, M Siegal, R A Good
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Leukocytes from patients with several forms of immunodeficiency characterized by apparently differing defects in B-lymphocyte maturation produced few or no plasmacytoid cells in vitro, and were capable of suppressing the generation of plasma cells in co-culture with cells of normal persons, in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. Such inhibition was commonly observed in cultures which included cells from patients with primary immunoglobulin deficiency, but was not seen to a significant degree in identical co-cultures of cells from normals. The suppression observed was not dependent upon mixed leukocyte culture reactivity. Both sheep erythrocyte-rosetting lymphocytes and adherent cells appeared to participate in these effects in some patients. In one patient with common variable immunodeficiency, but not in several others, removal of suppressing cells permitted the patient's remaining cells to differentiate into plasma cells in vitro. Because of the diverse syndromes in which suppression was observed, it is likely that, in at least some hypogammaglobulinemic patients, the suppression is secondary to the disease process rather than being the primary pathogenic mechanism.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Visceral Arterial Compromise During Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation Therapy”
Authors: Ardawan Julian Rastan, Eugen Tillmann, Sreekumar Subramanian, Lukas Lehmkuhl, Anne Kathrin Funkat, Sergej Leontyev, Torsten Doenst, Thomas Walther, Matthias Gutberlet, Friedrich Wilhelm Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Adult Asthma in a Nationwide Cohort of U.S. Women
Authors: Michael T. Young, Dale P. Sandler, Lisa A. DeRoo, Sverre Vedal, Joel D. Kaufman, Stephanie J. London
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Limited prior data suggest an association between traffic-related air pollution and incident asthma in adults. No published studies assess the effect of long-term exposures to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) on adult incident asthma.To estimate the association between ambient air pollution exposures (PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide, NO2) and development of asthma and incident respiratory symptoms.The Sister Study is a U.S. cohort study of risk factors for breast cancer and other health outcomes (n = 50,884) in sisters of women with breast cancer (enrollment, 2003-2009). Annual average (2006) ambient PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated at participants' addresses, using a national land-use/kriging model incorporating roadway information. Outcomes at follow-up (2008-2012) included incident self-reported wheeze, chronic cough, and doctor-diagnosed asthma in women without baseline symptoms.Adjusted analyses included 254 incident cases of asthma, 1,023 of wheeze, and 1,559 of chronic cough. For an interquartile range (IQR) difference (3.6 μg/m(3)) in estimated PM2.5 exposure, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99-1.46, P = 0.063) for incident asthma and 1.14 (95% CI = 1.04-1.26, P = 0.008) for incident wheeze. For NO2, there was evidence for an association with incident wheeze (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00-1.17, P = 0.048 per IQR of 5.8 ppb). Neither pollutant was significantly associated with incident cough (PM2.5: aOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.88-1.03, P = 0.194; NO2: aOR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.93-1.07, P = 0.939).Results suggest that PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of developing asthma and that PM2.5 and NO2 increase the risk of developing wheeze, the cardinal symptom of asthma, in adult women.
Cognitive Tests to Detect Dementia
Authors: Kelvin K. F. Tsoi, Joyce Y. C. Chan, Hoyee W. Hirai, Samuel Y. S. Wong, Timothy C. Y. Kwok
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Dementia is a global public health problem. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a proprietary instrument for detecting dementia, but many other tests are also available.To evaluate the diagnostic performance of all cognitive tests for the detection of dementia.Literature searches were performed on the list of dementia screening tests in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychoINFO from the earliest available dates stated in the individual databases until September 1, 2014. Because Google Scholar searches literature with a combined ranking algorithm on citation counts and keywords in each article, our literature search was extended to Google Scholar with individual test names and dementia screening as a supplementary search.Studies were eligible if participants were interviewed face to face with respective screening tests, and findings were compared with criterion standard diagnostic criteria for dementia. Bivariate random-effects models were used, and the area under the summary receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to present the overall performance.Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were the main outcomes.Eleven screening tests were identified among 149 studies with more than 49,000 participants. Most studies used the MMSE (n = 102) and included 10,263 patients with dementia. The combined sensitivity and specificity for detection of dementia were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78-0.84) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87-0.91), respectively. Among the other 10 tests, the Mini-Cog test and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) had the best diagnostic performances, which were comparable to that of the MMSE (Mini-Cog, 0.91 sensitivity and 0.86 specificity; ACE-R, 0.92 sensitivity and 0.89 specificity). Subgroup analysis revealed that only the Montreal Cognitive Assessment had comparable performance to the MMSE on detection of mild cognitive impairment with 0.89 sensitivity and 0.75 specificity.Besides the MMSE, there are many other tests with comparable diagnostic performance for detecting dementia. The Mini-Cog test and the ACE-R are the best alternative screening tests for dementia, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment is the best alternative for mild cognitive impairment.
Resistance in vitro to low-dose aspirin is associated with platelet PlA1(GP IIIa) polymorphism but not with C807T(GP Ia/IIa) and C-5T kozak (GP Ibα) polymorphisms
Authors: Laurent Macchi, Luc Christiaens, Severine Brabant, Nathalie Sorel, Stephanie Ragot, Joseph Allal, Gérard Mauco, André Brizard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A randomized phase 3 study on the effect of thalidomide combined with adriamycin, dexamethasone, and high-dose melphalan, followed by thalidomide maintenance in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Henk M. Lokhorst, Bronno van der Holt, Sonja Zweegman, Edo Vellenga, Sandra Croockewit, Marinus H. van Oers, Peter von dem Borne, Pierre Wijermans, Ron Schaafsma, Okke de Weerdt, Shulamiet Wittebol, Michel Delforge, Henriëtte Berenschot, Gerard M. Bos, Kon-Siong G. Jie, Harm Sinnige, Marinus van Marwijk-Kooy, Peter Joosten, Monique C. Minnema, Rianne van Ammerlaan, Pieter Sonneveld
Journal: Blood (2009)
Studies on Digitalis
Authors: ROBERT L. FRYE, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The effects of triiodothyronine (T 3 ) administration on digitalis requirements was studied in a group of patients with atrial fibrillation. The ventricular rate was utilized to provide a quantitative expression of digitalis effect. In one patient the amount of acetylstrophanthidin, administered as a constant infusion, required to slow the ventricular rate to 70 beats per minute rose from an average of 0.58 mg. while he was myxedematous, to 1.50 mg. when he was euthyroid. When mild thyrotoxicosis was induced in three euthyroid patients the daily dose of digoxin had to be increased approximately four-fold in order to maintain the ventricular rate at a control level. In three patients it was observed that reserpine or syrosingopine administered intramuscularly abolished the increased requirements for digoxin induced by T 3 . In two patients syrosingopine was found to prevent partially the tachycardia resulting from large doses of intravenous T 3 . The possible mechanisms responsible for these effects and their therapeutic implications are discussed.
Challenges in pulmonary fibrosis: 8 {middle dot} The need for an international registry for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: J W Wilson, R M du Bois, T E King
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Improved survival from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is dependent on better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease, its diagnostic spectrum in global terms and an analysis of outcomes from emerging therapies at a significant level. Outside major lung transplant centres, few institutions have significant numbers to provide this information. Relevant examples exist to justify the establishment of registry data to achieve these aims. The gains seen in cystic fibrosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis and lung transplantation over the past decade stem from optimisation of treatment plans through registry data. We advocate for an international registry to achieve better outcomes in IPF.
Bone Morphogenic Proteins Are Overexpressed in Malignant Melanoma and Promote Cell Invasion and Migration
Authors: Tanja Rothhammer, Ina Poser, Fabrice Soncin, Frauke Bataille, Markus Moser, Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Malignant melanoma cells are known to have altered expression of growth factors compared with normal human melanocytes. These changes probably favor tumor growth and progression and influence the tumor environment. The induction of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3 expression in malignant melanoma has been reported before, whereas the expression of related bone morphogenic protein (BMP) molecules has not been analyzed in melanomas until now. Here, we show that BMP4 and BMP7 are up-regulated in nine melanoma cell lines, whereas BMP2 is overexpressed in only two of the analyzed cell lines. Immunohistochemistry of primary and metastatic melanoma also shows increased BMP4 and BMP7 expression compared with nevi. Promoter studies reveal that expression is controlled at the transcriptional level. The transcription factor Ets-1 was identified as a positive regulator for BMP4 expression. In order to determine the functional relevance of BMP expression in malignant melanoma, chordin-expressing cell clones and antisense BMP4 cell clones were generated. The clones in which BMP4 activity and expression are reduced show no changes in proliferation or in attachment-independent growth when compared with controls. However, a strong reduction of migratory and invasive properties was observed in these cells, suggesting that BMP4 promotes melanoma cell invasion and migration and therefore has an important role in the progression of malignant melanoma.