tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
T-Cell Recognition of Minor Lymphocyte Stimulating (MLS) Gene Products
Authors: R Abe, R J Hodes
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1989)

The immune system has evolved with a highly diverse antigen-specific repertoire capable of recognizing an extraordinarily large universe of foreign antigens. As a corollary of this wide diversity, the precursor fre­ quency of T cells specific for any given foreign antigen is generally very low, so low, in fact, that proliferative responses of naive T-cell populations to these antigens are undetectable. However, prominent exceptions to this generalization have been identified. In multiple species, cell surface alloan­ tigens encoded by genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are recognized by T cells at a high precursor frequency and are capable of eliciting a strong proliferative mixed lymphocyte response by unprimed T­ cell populations ( 1 , 2). In the mouse, a second set of determinants, the minor lymphocyte stimulatory (Mis) determinants, also induce strong proliferative responses by naive T cells (3-5). The finding that T cells are reactive to MHC and to Mis determinants at extraordinarily high pre­ cursor frequencies (1 , 2, 6, 7) has generated interest in understanding the biologic significance of these two systems. A great deal of information has been accumulated concerning the structure and function of MHC genes and their products, and the biologic importance of MHC-encoded deter­ minants has been extensively documented (reviewed in 8). In contrast, although MIs gene products were described as lymphocyte
Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 3: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Other Cardiomyopathies, and Myocarditis
Authors: Barry J. Maron, James E. Udelson, Robert O. Bonow, Rick A. Nishimura, Michael J. Ackerman, N.A. Mark Estes, Leslie T. Cooper, Mark S. Link, Martin S. Maron
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Creating a 21st Century Global Health Agenda
Authors: Edward E. Partridge, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Ralph L. Sacco, Alan J. Balch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

On 13 May 2010, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) voted unanimously for UN Resolution 64/265 to hold a High Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases in September 2011. This UN High Level Meeting, to be held in New York, is an unparalleled opportunity to put noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic respiratory disease, on the global health and development agenda. It also has the potential to secure political commitments from heads of government for a coordinated global response to NCDs, to promote multisectoral action to addressing NCDs within countries, and to ensure that resource allocations for addressing NCDs are more commensurate with their contribution to the global disease burden. Such actions will provide the urgent and necessary momentum to dramatically improve the prevention and management of NCDs for future generations. Our three organizations, as well as other partners, are working together to maximize the impact of this meeting. The world can no longer afford to ignore the ever-expanding global social and economic threat posed by chronic diseases.

NCDs account for >60% of all deaths globally, and the overall burden of chronic diseases continues to grow (1). By 2030, it is estimated that NCDs will be responsible for 7 in 10 deaths worldwide (2). In addition to the human toll, the economic impact of chronic disease is staggering and will continue to rise. The World Health Organization estimates that the cumulative estimated national income losses attributable to chronic disease from 2005 to 2015 could exceed $1 trillion in just three countries: China ($558 billion), Russia ($303 billion), and India ($237 billion) (1).

Moreover, the chronic disease mortality burden is heaviest in less affluent nations. Of the world's roughly 35 million annual deaths attributable to NCDs, ∼80% occur in low- and middle-income countries …
Tropheryma whipplei in children with diarrhoea in rural Ghana
Authors: C.D. Vinnemeier, E.M. Klupp, R. Krumkamp, T. Rolling, N. Fischer, E. Owusu-Dabo, M.M. Addo, Y. Adu-Sarkodie, J. Käsmaier, M. Aepfelbacher, J.P. Cramer, J. May, E. Tannich
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination for Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: J R Redman, D R Bajorunas, M C Goldstein, D P Evenson, R J Gralla, M J Lacher, B Koziner, B J Lee, D J Straus, B D Clarkson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Seventy-nine men with Hodgkin's disease were treated with chemotherapy protocols at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and had pretreatment semen analysis performed at the area semen bank. The patients were evaluated to determine: the quality of pretreatment semen, the effect of treatment on spermatogenesis, and the success rate of artificial insemination after semen cryopreservation. Pretreatment sperm concentration, fresh motility, fresh progression, postthaw motility and postthaw progression were all significantly decreased in men with Hodgkin's disease compared with normal controls. Posttreatment semen analysis in 44 men showed azoospermia in 80%, sperm concentration, less than or equal to 10 X 10(6)/mL in 11%, and sperm concentration greater than 10 X 10(6)/mL in 9%. Eleven couples attempted artificial insemination using cryopreserved semen, thus far resulting in three pregnancies. Semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination offer a partial solution to posttreatment azoospermia in this population, but further methods are needed to minimize gonadal toxicity without compromising therapy for Hodgkin's disease.
Large Sessile Serrated Polyps Can Be Safely and Effectively Removed by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: Aarti K. Rao, Roy Soetikno, Gottumukkala S. Raju, Phillip Lum, Robert V. Rouse, Tohru Sato, Diane Titzer-Schwarzl, James Aisenberg, Tonya Kaltenbach
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
NICE guideline aims to cut premature birth rates
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has produced a new guideline to try to reduce premature birth rates in England and Wales, which have shown no decline over the past 10 years.1

More than 52 000 babies—around 7.3% of live births in England and Wales—were born preterm in 2012. Premature birth is the second most common cause of death in children under 5, and babies who are born early are more prone to health problems such as heart defects, lung disorders, cerebral palsy, and delayed development. …
Failure-Free Survival and Radiotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nicholas D. James, Melissa R. Spears, Noel W. Clarke, David P. Dearnaley, Malcolm D. Mason, Christopher C. Parker, Alastair W. S. Ritchie, J. Martin Russell, Francesca Schiavone, Gerhardt Attard, Johann S. de Bono, Alison Birtle, Daniel S. Engeler, Tony Elliott, David Matheson, Joe O’Sullivan, Delia Pudney, Narayanan Srihari, Jan Wallace, Jim Barber, Isabel Syndikus, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Matthew R. Sydes
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

The natural history of patients with newly diagnosed high-risk nonmetastatic (M0) prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy (HT) either alone or with standard-of-care radiotherapy (RT) is not well documented. Furthermore, no clinical trial has assessed the role of RT in patients with node-positive (N+) M0 disease. The STAMPEDE Trial includes such individuals, allowing an exploratory multivariate analysis of the impact of radical RT.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated viral interference in plants
Authors: Zahir Ali, Aala Abulfaraj, Ali Idris, Shakila Ali, Manal Tashkandi, Magdy M. Mahfouz
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

The CRISPR/Cas9 system provides bacteria and archaea with molecular immunity against invading phages and conjugative plasmids. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has been used for targeted genome editing in diverse eukaryotic species.In this study, we investigate whether the CRISPR/Cas9 system could be used in plants to confer molecular immunity against DNA viruses. We deliver sgRNAs specific for coding and non-coding sequences of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) into Nicotiana benthamiana plants stably overexpressing the Cas9 endonuclease, and subsequently challenge these plants with TYLCV. Our data demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system targeted TYLCV for degradation and introduced mutations at the target sequences. All tested sgRNAs exhibit interference activity, but those targeting the stem-loop sequence within the TYLCV origin of replication in the intergenic region (IR) are the most effective. N. benthamiana plants expressing CRISPR/Cas9 exhibit delayed or reduced accumulation of viral DNA, abolishing or significantly attenuating symptoms of infection. Moreover, this system could simultaneously target multiple DNA viruses.These data establish the efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for viral interference in plants, thereby extending the utility of this technology and opening the possibility of producing plants resistant to multiple viral infections.
Developmental Axon Pruning Requires Destabilization of Cell Adhesion by JNK Signaling
Authors: Bavat Bornstein, Eitan Erez Zahavi, Sivan Gelley, Maayan Zoosman, Shiri Penina Yaniv, Ora Fuchs, Ziv Porat, Eran Perlson, Oren Schuldiner
Journal: Neuron (2015)
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION
Authors: Sverre D. Henriksen, Michael Heidelberger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

1. Application of the quantitative agglutination procedure to hemolytic streptococci and their antisera is shown to yield values indicative of the antibody content of the antisera in weight units. 2. Estimations are given of type-specific and group-specific antibody in a number of antisera. 3. An incomplete analysis is given of the antigenic components and antibodies involved in the agglutination. 4. Adaptation of the experimental conditions to a simple qualitative type determination of hemolytic streptococci is suggested.
Genetic and Stress-Induced Loss of NG2 Glia Triggers Emergence of Depressive-like Behaviors through Reduced Secretion of FGF2
Authors: Fikri Birey, Michelle Kloc, Manideep Chavali, Israa Hussein, Michael Wilson, Daniel J. Christoffel, Tony Chen, Michael A. Frohman, John K. Robinson, Scott J. Russo, Arianna Maffei, Adan Aguirre
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Autologous marrow transplantation for patients with acute myeloid leukemia in untreated first relapse or in second complete remission.
Authors: F B Petersen, M H Lynch, R A Clift, F R Appelbaum, J E Sanders, W I Bensinger, M C Benyunes, K Doney, A Fefer, P Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE This study compares outcomes of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in untreated first relapse (REL1) or in second complete remission (REM2). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-seven patients with AML in REL1 (n = 21) or in REM2 (n = 26) were treated with busulfan (BU) and cyclophosphamide (CY) with or without total-body irradiation (TBI) followed by ABMT. All REL1 patients and four REM2 patients had marrow stored during first remission (REM1). Twenty-seven had marrow stored with and 20 without treatment in vitro with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). Eighteen patients received BU and CY and 29 received BU, CY, and TBI. REL1 patients relapsed within a median of 9 months (range, 2 to 26) after marrow harvest and were transplanted a median of 30 days (range, 9 to 87) from detection of relapse. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 2.1 years (range, 0.4 to 5.3), 19 patients survive in remission (10 of 21 in REL1; nine of 26 in REM2). The actuarial probabilities of relapse-free survival at 2 years for patients transplanted in REL1 and REM2 were 45% +/- 22% and 32% +/- 18%, respectively (P = .33). The corresponding probabilities of relapse were 30% +/- 26% and 44% +/- 23%, respectively (P = .45). No conclusions could be drawn about the benefits of adding TBI to BU plus CY. There were no significant differences in neutrophil or platelet recovery or in posttransplant probabilities of relapse and nonrelapse mortality between patients who received marrow treated or not treated with 4-HC. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ABMT may produce long-term leukemia-free survival in approximately one third of patients with AML in REL1 or in REM2. There is no apparent clinical advantage in attempting to obtain second remissions in relapsed patients before ABMT if marrow has been cryopreserved during REM1. Although a strategy of transplantation in REL1 has advantages for the patient, such an approach involves the storage of marrow, which may not be used, and is impractical without the coordinated support of the treating physician, the patient, and the marrow transplant center.
Mental health disorders in child and adolescent survivors of post-war landmine explosions
Authors: Mohammad Ali Hemmati, Hamid Shokoohi, Mehdi Masoumi, Shahriar Khateri, Mohammadreza Soroush, Ehsan Modirian, Mahtab Poor Zamany Nejat Kermany, Maryam Hosseini, Batool Mousavi
Journal: Military Medical Research (2015)

To describe the mental health status of 78 child and adolescent survivors of post-war landmine explosions.Child and adolescent survivors of landmine explosions who were younger than 18 years old at the time of the study were identified and enrolled in this study. The mental health status of the participants was assessed by general health assessment and psychiatric examinations. Psychiatric assessment and diagnosis were undertaken using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders (DSM-IV) criteria. A psychiatrist visited and interviewed each survivor and identified psychiatric disorders.Seventy-eight child and adolescent survivors with a mean age of 16.11 ± 2 years old were identified and agreed to participate in the study. The mean age of the victims at the time of injury was 8.2 ± 3.12 years old (range 2-15). Thirty-seven (47.4 %) of the adolescent survivors suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder. Twenty-nine survivors (37.1 %) were newly diagnosed and needed to start medication and psychiatric treatment. The most common findings were anxiety disorders (34.6 %), including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 20 (25.6 %), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in 7 (9 %) subjects. Mild-Moderate depression was found in 5 (6.4 %) subjects. No personality disorders were observed, and two patients suffered from mental retardation. The study results revealed a significant association between age of casualty, duration of injury and limb amputation, and types of psychological disorders.Child and adolescent survivors of landmine explosions had a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders.
Parallel Domestication of the<i>Heading Date 1</i>Gene in Cereals
Authors: Huanhuan Liu, Hangqin Liu, Leina Zhou, Zhihai Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Mingli Wang, Haixia Li, Zhongwei Lin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Flowering time is one of the key determinants of crop adaptation to local environments during domestication. However, the genetic basis underlying flowering time is yet to be elucidated in most cereals. Although staple cereals, such as rice, maize, wheat, barley, and sorghum, have spread and adapted to a wide range of ecological environments during domestication, it is yet to be determined whether they have a common genetic basis for flowering time. In this study, we show, through map-based cloning, that flowering time in sorghum is controlled by a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) Heading Date 1 (HD1), located on chromosome 10. The causal gene encodes the CONSTANS gene family which contains a CCT domain. A 5-bp deletion of a minor allele present in the coding sequence leads to a gene frameshift that delays flowering in sorghum. In contrast, in foxtail millet, association mapping of HD1 showed a common causal site with a splicing variant from "GT" to "AT" that was highly correlated with flowering time. In addition, the rice HD1 gene is known to harbor several causal variants controlling flowering time. These data indicate that the major flowering time QTL HD1 was under parallel domestication in sorghum, foxtail millet, and rice. The pattern of common mixed minor, or even rare, causal alleles in HD1 across different species may be representative of the genetic basis of the domestication syndrome. Furthermore, large DNA sequence analysis of HD1 revealed multiple origins for domesticated sorghum and a single origin for domesticated foxtail millet.
Septicemia in pediatric oncology patients: the significance of viridans streptococcal infections.
Authors: S J Weisman, F J Scoopo, G M Johnson, A J Altman, J J Quinn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

One hundred nine consecutive episodes of septicemia were retrospectively evaluated in 61 children with malignancy. In addition, the records of all pediatric oncology patients who received high-dose cytarabine (HDAC) chemotherapy were reviewed. Gram-positive organisms accounted for 82.6% of the septicemic episodes. In the total group, coagulase-negative staphylococci and viridans streptococci accounted for 35.8% and 28.4% of the episodes, respectively. In granulocytopenic patients, viridans streptococci were the most common pathogens (36.8%). In the subset of patients who received HDAC, 62.5% of the septicemic episodes were caused by viridans streptococci. Pulmonary complications developed in nine (29%) of the total cases of viridans streptococcal sepsis, whereas these complications occurred in only eight (10.3%) of the septic episodes caused by other organisms. In patients who had viridans septicemia, prior treatment with HDAC did not increase the incidence of pulmonary complications. In septic children with malignancy, our results demonstrate a high incidence of gram-positive organisms, including viridans streptococci, which were once regarded as culture contaminants.
Dietary Carotenes, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E as Protective Antioxidants in Human Cancers
Authors: T Byers, G Perry
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1992)

INTRODUCTION .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .... . . .   . ... . .... . . . . .... . . ...... . . ..... . . . .. . . . .... . . . .. . . . 1 39 DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS: THEORETICAL ROLES IN CANCER PREVENTION .... . .. . . . . .... . . . ... . . .. . ........ . ... . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH . . . . . .. . . . . . . ...... .. . .. . .. . . .. . . ... . . .... . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 142 Carotenoids ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . ..... ....... . . . .. . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Vitamin C . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . ..... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . ... . . .. . . . . .. . . . 144 Vitamin E. . . . . . . . ... . . . ..... . ... . . . .. ..... .. . . . ..... . . ....... . . . . .... . . . . .... . . . . . . .   144 EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES . . . ..... . . . .... . . ...... . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Dietary Assessment . . .. . . .... . . . . .... . .... . . ...... . .. . . . . .. . . . .... . . . ..... . . ... . . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . . 145 Case-Control and Cohort Diet Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . 145 Studies of Blood Nutrients . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .... . . . . . ... . . . ...... . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ...... . . . . . . 1 5 1 Randomized Controlled Trials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . ... . 153 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . ... . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . ... . . .. . . .. . 153
Novel Genetic Variant Confers Protection Against Malaria
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Phase II study of weekly edatrexate as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group study.
Authors: T A Vandenberg, K I Pritchard, E A Eisenhauer, M E Trudeau, B D Norris, P Lopez, S S Verma, R A Buckman, A Muldal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE The National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group conducted a phase II study to assess the efficacy and toxicity of edatrexate, a folate antagonist, in 35 patients with metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS The planned dose of edatrexate was 80 mg/m2/wk administered intravenously as first-line therapy. Prior adjuvant chemotherapy was allowed provided at least 12 months had elapsed from the completion of treatment to the development of recurrence. RESULTS Mucositis was the dose-limiting toxicity in 34 assessable patients, resulting in a mean delivered dose-intensity of 57 mg/m2/wk. Other toxicities included myelosuppression, rash, pneumonitis, and increased AST. Side effects were generally mild to moderate. The complete plus partial remission rate (13 patients; 41%) was impressive. CONCLUSION Edatrexate is an active agent against metastatic breast cancer, with acceptable toxicity. A lower than planned delivered dose-intensity was mainly due to mucositis.
The Neural Basis of Behavior: A Neuroethological View
Authors: W Heiligenberg
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1991)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More