tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rotating Night Shifts and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Participating in the Nurses' Health Study
Authors: E. S. Schernhammer, F. Laden, F. E. Speizer, W. C. Willett, D. J. Hunter, I. Kawachi, G. A. Colditz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Melatonin shows potential oncostatic action, and light exposure during night suppresses melatonin production. There is little information, however, about the direct effect of night work on the risk of cancer. We investigated the effect of night work in breast cancer.We examined the relationship between breast cancer and working on rotating night shifts during 10 years of follow-up in 78 562 women from the Nurses' Health Study. Information was ascertained in 1988 about the total number of years during which the nurses had worked rotating night shifts with at least three nights per month. From June 1988 through May 1998, we documented 2441 incident breast cancer cases. Logistic regression models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for confounding variables and breast cancer risk factors. All statistical tests were two-sided.We observed a moderate increase in breast cancer risk among the women who worked 1-14 years or 15-29 years on rotating night shifts (multivariate adjusted RR = 1.08 [95% CI = 0.99 to 1.18] and RR = 1.08 [95% CI = 0.90 to 1.30], respectively). The risk was further increased among women who worked 30 or more years on the night shift (RR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.78). The test for trend was statistically significant (P =.02).Women who work on rotating night shifts with at least three nights per month, in addition to days and evenings in that month, appear to have a moderately increased risk of breast cancer after extended periods of working rotating night shifts.
Prospects for Neurology and Psychiatry
Authors: W. Maxwell Cowan
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Neurological and psychiatric illnesses are among the most common and most serious health problems in developed societies. The most promising advances in neurological and psychiatric diseases will require advances in neuroscience for their elucidation, prevention, and treatment. Technical advances have improved methods for identifying brain regions involved during various types of cognitive activity, for tracing connections between parts of the brain, for visualizing individual neurons in living brain preparations, for recording the activities of neurons, and for studying the activity of single-ion channels and the receptors for various neurotransmitters. The most significant advances in the past 20 years have come from the application to the nervous system of molecular genetics and molecular cell biology. Discovery of the monogenic disorder responsible for Huntington disease and understanding its pathogenesis can serve as a paradigm for unraveling the much more complex, polygenic disorders responsible for such psychiatric diseases as schizophrenia, manic depressive illness, and borderline personality disorder. Thus, a new degree of cooperation between neurology and psychiatry is likely to result, especially for the treatment of patients with illnesses such as autism, mental retardation, cognitive disorders associated with Alzheimer and Parkinson disease that overlap between the 2 disciplines.
A prospective comparison of nursing home acquired pneumonia with community acquired pneumonia
Authors: W.S. Lim, J.T. Macfarlane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Nursing home acquired pneumonia (NHAP) is thought to be clinically distinct from community acquired pneumonia (CAP). This observation, based on studies conducted mainly in North America, may not be relevant in countries with a different healthcare system. The authors describe an 18-month prospective cohort study of 437 patients admitted to hospital with CAP, 40 (9%) of whom came from nursing homes. Detailed microbiological tests were performed in a subset of patients over 12 months. Patients with NHAP were less likely to have a productive cough (odds ratio (OR) 0.4, p=0.02) or pleuritic pain (OR 0.1, p=0.03), but they were more likely to be confused (OR 2.6, p&lt;0.001). They had poorer functional status (p&lt;0.001) and more severe disease (p=0.03). Mortality was higher compared to CAP (53% versus 13%), but this was mainly explained by prior functional status (OR 0.5, after adjustment for functional status). Pathogens were identified in 68% of 22 NHAP and 80% of 44 matched CAP patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common (55% NHAP, 43% CAP). Atypical pathogens, enteric Gram negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus were uncommon. In conclusion, differences in functional status accounted for the increased mortality in nursing home acquired pneumonia compared to community acquired pneumonia. The pathogens implicated were similar. No grounds for a difference in choice of empirical antibiotics were apparent.
Some physiological demands of a half-marathon race on recreational runners.
Authors: C. Williams, M. L. Nute
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological demands of a half-marathon race on a group of ten recreational runners (8 men and 2 women). The average running speed was 223.1 +/- 22.7 m.min-1 (mean +/- SD) for the group and this represented 79 +/- 5% VO2 max for these runners. There was a good correlation between VO2 max and performance time for the race (4 = -0.81; p less than 0.01) and an even better correlation between running speed equivalent to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol.l-1 and performance times (r = -0.877; p less than 0.01). The blood lactate concentration os 4 of the runners at the end of the race was 5.65 +/- 1.42 mmol.l-1 (mean +/- SD) and the estimated energy expenditure for the group was 6.22 M.J. While there was only a poor correlation between total energy expenditure and performance time for the race, the correlation coefficient was improved when the energy expenditure of each individual was expressed in KJ.kg-1 min-1 (r = 0.938; p less than 0.01).
Moral judgments by alleged sociopaths as a means for coping with problems of definition and identification in Mealey's model
Authors: Yuval Wolf
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Problems of definition and identification in the integrated evolutionary model of sociopathy are suggested by Schoenfeld's (1974) criticism of the field of race differences in intelligence. Moral judgments by those labeled primary and secondary sociopaths may offer a way to validate the assumptions of the model.
Augmentation of Wall Shear Stress Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia After Stent Implantation
Authors: Stéphane G. Carlier, Luc C.A. van Damme, Casper P. Blommerde, Jolanda J. Wentzel, Glenn van Langehove, Stephan Verheye, Mark M. Kockx, Michiel W.M. Knaapen, Caroline Cheng, Frank Gijsen, Dirk J. Duncker, Nikos Stergiopulos, Cornelis J. Slager, Patrick W. Serruys, Rob Krams
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Low wall shear stress (WSS) increases neointimal hyperplasia (NH) in vein grafts and stents. We studied the causal relationship between WSS and NH formation in stents by locally increasing WSS with a flow divider (Anti-Restenotic Diffuser, Endoart SA) placed in the center of the stent.In 9 rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet for 2 months to induce endothelial dysfunction, 18 stents were implanted in the right and left external iliac arteries (1 stent per vessel). Lumen diameters were measured by quantitative angiography before and after implantation and at 4-week follow-up, at which time, macrophage accumulation and interruption of the internal elastic lamina was determined. Cross sections of stent segments within the ARED (S+ARED), outside the ARED (S[minus]ARED), and in corresponding segments of the contralateral control stent (SCTRL) were analyzed. Changes in WSS induced by the ARED placement were derived by computational fluid dynamics. Computational fluid dynamics analysis demonstrated that WSS increased from 0.38 to 0.82 N/m2 in the S+ARED immediately after ARED placement. This augmentation of shear stress was accompanied by (1) lower mean late luminal loss by quantitative angiography ([minus]0.23+/-0.22 versus [minus]0.58+/-0.30 mm, P=0.02), (2) reduction in NH (1.48+/-0.58, 2.46+/-1.25, and 2.36+/-1.13 mm2, P<0.01, respectively, for S+ARED, S[minus]ARED, and SCTRL), and (3) a reduced inflammation score and a reduced injury score. Increments in shear stress did not change the relationship between injury score and NH or between inflammation score and NH.The newly developed ARED flow divider significantly increases WSS, and this local increment in WSS is accompanied by a local reduction in NH and a local reduction in inflammation and injury. The present study is therefore the first to provide direct evidence for an important modulating role of shear stress in in-stent neointimal hyperplasia.
Propranolol in a case series of 174 patients with complicated infantile haemangioma: indications, safety and future directions
Authors: D.J.J. Hermans, C.G. Bauland, J. Zweegers, I.M. van Beynum, C.J.M. van der Vleuten
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Infantile haemangioma (IH) is a benign, common and self-limiting tumour of infancy; only a minority of cases need active treatment. Currently, propranolol appears superior to classic treatments.To document in a prospective study indications and side-effects of propranolol for complicated IH in a large patient group.Analysis of prospectively collected data was performed on 174 patients with IH treated with propranolol in a tertiary referral centre from September 2008 to January 2012.The group consisted of children with a potentially threatening and/or complicated IH; the girl/boy ratio was 123/51, and the mean age at the start of treatment was 4·8 months. In 173 cases (99·4%), treatment was successful, as assessed nonquantitatively by clinical observation. This striking effect was characterized by immediate cessation of growth, softening, fading of the erythema and rapid induction of regression. The mean duration of treatment was 10·7 months. The most important adverse effects were hypotension (3·4%), wheezing (9·2%), nocturnal restlessness (22·4%) and cold extremities (36·2%). In one patient, propranolol was stopped. In 15 patients it was necessary to reduce the dose, although the lower dose was still effective.In this study, propranolol was effective and safe in almost all patients with complex IH. Administration of systemic medication to an infant with a benign condition requires careful consideration, as only a minority of patients with IH require an active medical intervention. A shift of the indication of propranolol for IH is evident, expanding its application for life-threatening situations or severe functional impairment to early prevention of disfigurement or cosmetically permanent sequelae. However, the indication for such an active approach should be determined by experienced physicians.
Propylthiouracil blocks extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine and augments thyrotropin secretion in man.
Authors: D L Geffner, M Azukizawa, J M Hershman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Propylthiouracil (PTU) inhibits peripheral deiodination of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and decreases the metabolic effectiveness of T4 in animals. To assess the effect of PTU on extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 in man, 15 studies were performed in athyreotic patients treated with 100 or 200 mug of L-T4 daily for 1 mo before the addition of PTU, 250 mg every 6 h for 8 days. serum T3, T4, and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured daily by radioimmunoassay; serum TSH response to 500-mug thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was measured before and on the last day of giving PTU. On the 100-mug LT4 dose, serum T3 fell from 120 plus or minus 5 (SE) to 83 plus or minus 6 ng/dl (P less than 0.005) with return to 113 plus or minus 5 ng/dl after stopping PTU; serum T4 (4.5 plus or minus 0.3 mug/dl) did not change. Similar results were seen in patients taking 200 mug of L-T4 daily. On the 100-mug dose of L-T4 the fall in T3 was accompanied by a reciprocal rise in serum TSH to 195 plus or minus 33% of initial concentration (P less than 0.01) with return to 104 plus or minus 8% after PTU. The serum TSH response to TRH (DELTAMUU/ml over base line) was greater during PTU therapy than during the control period. On 100-mug L-T4 DELTA TSH rose from 64 plus or minus 19 to 101 plus or minus 23 muU/ml (P less than 0.005). Expressed as percent of base-line TSH concentration, TSH rose from 140 plus or minus 52 to 280 plus or minus 44% (control vs. PTU) at 15 min, 265 plus or minus 72 to 367 plus or minus 63% at 30 min, 223 plus or minus 54 to 313 plus or minus 54% at 45 min, 187 plus or minus 45 to 287 plus or minus 51% at 60 min, and 145 plus or minus 22 to 210 plus or minus 28% at 120 min after TRH. The data suggest that PTU blocks extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3, thus increasing pituitary TSH secretion and augmenting the TSH response to TRH.
Systematic Review: Benefits and Harms of In-Hospital Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Off-Label Indications
Authors: Veronica Yank, C. Vaughan Tuohy, Aaron C. Logan, Dena M. Bravata, Kristan Staudenmayer, Robin Eisenhut, Vandana Sundaram, Donal McMahon, Ingram Olkin, Kathryn M. McDonald, Douglas K. Owens, Randall S. Stafford
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), a hemostatic agent approved for hemophilia, is increasingly used for off-label indications. Purpose: To evaluate the benefits and harms of rFVIIa use for 5 off-label, in-hospital indications: intracranial hemorrhage, cardiac surgery, trauma, liver transplantation, and prostatectomy. Data Sources: Ten databases (including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) queried from inception through December 2010. Articles published in English were analyzed. Study Selection: Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts to identify clinical use of rFVIIa for the selected indications and identified all randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies for full-text review. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently assessed study characteristics and rated study quality and indication-wide strength of evidence. Data Synthesis: 16 RCTs, 26 comparative observational studies, and 22 noncomparative observational studies met inclusion criteria. Identified comparators were limited to placebo (RCTs) or usual care (observational studies). For intracranial hemorrhage, mortality was not improved with rFVIIa use across a range of doses. Arterial thromboembolism was increased with medium-dose rFVIIa use (risk difference [RD], 0.03 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.06]) and high-dose rFVIIa use (RD, 0.06 [CI, 0.01 to 0.11]). For adult cardiac surgery, there was no mortality difference, but there was an increased risk for thromboembolism (RD, 0.05 [CI, 0.01 to 0.10]) with rFVIIa. For body trauma, there were no differences in mortality or thromboembolism, but there was a reduced risk for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (RD, −0.05 [CI, −0.02 to −0.08]). Mortality was higher in observational studies than in RCTs. Limitations: The amount and strength of evidence were low for most outcomes and indications. Publication bias could not be excluded. Conclusion: Limited available evidence for 5 off-label indications suggests no mortality reduction with rFVIIa use. For some indications, it increases thromboembolism. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
997 FIBROSIS SHOULD BE INCLUDED INTO THE NON- ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS SCORING SYSTEM FOR BEING MORE PROGNOSTICATIVE
Authors: F. Gunsar, F. Yilmaz, N.G. Unal, B. Bayrakci, Z. Karasu, D. Nart, G. Ersoz, U.S. Akarca
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Mitral incompetence and ventricular septal defects following non-penetrating injury.
Authors: C H Anyanwu
Journal: Thorax (1976)

A case of mitral incompetence and multiple ventricular septal defects following a non-penetrating chest injury is described. Cardiac injury was detected by electrocardiogram and by the appearance of a heart murmur in the second week after trauma. Superimposition of bacterial endocarditis seven years later caused cardiac decompensation and necessitated successful surgical treatment. Previous reported cases are reviewed.
Complications during removal of a pedunculated endobronchial leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Al. Annamalai, S. Shreekumar, P. Vadivelu, P. Shyamala
Journal: Thorax (1971)

Pedunculated endobronchial leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma is comparatively rare and is known to produce intermittent, partial or complete obstruction of the ipsilateral lung. Rarely it causes obstruction of the contralateral main bronchus. Fatalities have been caused by obstruction of the contralateral main bronchus during surgery. A pedunculated intrabronchial leiomyosarcoma obstructing the contralateral main bronchus is reported.
Paradoxical Bronchospasm With a Near-Fatal Reaction to Albuterol-HFA and Levalbuterol inhalation solution leading to Intubation in an Adult Asthmatic
Authors: S. Amara, N. Gupta, B. Silverman, Y.A.K. Rao, A.T. Schneider
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Radiofrequency Ablation — Great for Some or Justified for Many?
Authors: Jacques J.G.H.M. Bergman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In the past four decades, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased by 500%, paralleled by a similar increase in the rate of death associated with this often fatal disease.1,2 This type of esophageal cancer develops from a precursor lesion known as Barrett's esophagus, a condition in which the normal squamous esophageal lining is replaced by columnar epithelium containing intestinal metaplasia. In a small subgroup of patients, Barrett's esophagus may undergo a transition from low-grade or high-grade dysplasia to esophageal adenocarcinoma.3 The current standard of care is to enroll patients with Barrett's esophagus in endoscopic surveillance programs and to . . .
Enhancement of Immunologic Tumor Regression by Intratumoral Administration of Dendritic Cells in Combination with Cryoablative Tumor Pretreatment and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Cell Wall Skeleton Stimulation
Authors: Masaru Udagawa, Chie Kudo-Saito, Go Hasegawa, Kazuhito Yano, Aiko Yamamoto, Masae Yaguchi, Masahiro Toda, Ichiro Azuma, Takehisa Iwai, Yutaka Kawakami
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: We developed an effective immunotherapy, which could induce antitumor immune responses against shared and unique tumor antigens expressed in autologous tumors. Experimental Design: Intratumoral administration of dendritic cells is one of the individualized immunotherapies; however, the antitumor activity is relatively weak. In this study, we attempted to enhance the antitumor efficacy of the i.t. dendritic cell administration by combining dendritic cells stimulated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) additionally with cryoablative pretreatment of tumors and analyzed the therapeutic mechanisms. Results: These two modifications (cryoablation of tumors and BCG-CWS stimulation of dendritic cells) significantly increases the antitumor effect on both the treated tumor and the untreated tumor, which was distant at the opposite side, in a bilateral s.c. murine CT26 colon cancer model. Further analysis of the augmented antitumor effects revealed that the cryoablative pretreatment enhances the uptake of tumor antigens by the introduced dendritic cells, resulting in the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells responsible for the in vivo tumor regression of both treated and remote untreated tumors. This novel combination i.t. dendritic cell immunotherapy was effective against well-established large tumors. The antitumor efficacy was further enhanced by depletion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Conclusions: This novel dendritic cell immunotherapy with i.t. administration of BCG-CWS–treated dendritic cells following tumor cryoablation could be used for the therapy of cancer patients with multiple metastases.
Loss-of-function mutations in HINT1 cause axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia
Authors: Magdalena Zimoń, Jonathan Baets, Leonardo Almeida-Souza, Els De Vriendt, Jelena Nikodinovic, Yesim Parman, Esra Battaloǧlu, Zeliha Matur, Velina Guergueltcheva, Ivailo Tournev, Michaela Auer-Grumbach, Peter De Rijk, Britt-Sabina Petersen, Thomas Müller, Erik Fransen, Philip Van Damme, Wolfgang N Löscher, Nina Barišić, Zoran Mitrovic, Stefano C Previtali, Haluk Topaloǧlu, Günther Bernert, Ana Beleza-Meireles, Slobodanka Todorovic, Dusanka Savic-Pavicevic, Boryana Ishpekova, Silvia Lechner, Kristien Peeters, Tinne Ooms, Angelika F Hahn, Stephan Züchner, Vincent Timmerman, Patrick Van Dijck, Vedrana Milic Rasic, Andreas R Janecke, Peter De Jonghe, Albena Jordanova
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
MicroRNA-32 (miR-32) regulates phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) expression and promotes growth, migration, and invasion in colorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Weiyun Wu, Jingfang Yang, Xiao Feng, Hao Wang, Shicai Ye, Pengchun Yang, Wenkai Tan, Guoli Wei, Yu Zhou
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

Abstract Background Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) play important roles in carcinogenesis. MiR-32 has been shown to be upregulated in CRC. In this study, we identified the potential effects of miR-32 on some important biological properties of CRC cells, and clarified the regulation of PTEN by miR-32. Methods The effect of miR-32 on PTEN expression was assessed in CRC cell lines with miR-32 mimics/inhibitor to increase/decrease miR-32 expression. Furthermore, the roles of miR-32 in regulating CRC cells biological properties were analyzed with miR-32 mimics/inhibitor-transfected cells. The 3 ′ -untranslated region (3 ′ -UTR) of PTEN combined with miR-32 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies showed that overexpression of miR-32 promoted SW480 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, reduced apoptosis, and resulted in downregulation of PTEN at a posttranscriptional level. However, miR-32 knock-down inhibited these processes in HCT-116 cells and enhanced the expression of PTEN protein. In addition, we further identified PTEN as the functional downstream target of miR-32 by directly targeting the 3 ′ -UTR of PTEN. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that miR-32 was involved in tumorigenesis of CRC at least in part by suppression of PTEN.