tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathways Through Relapses and Deaths of Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Role of Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Nordic Data
Authors: Ulla M. Saarinen-Pihkala, Carsten Heilmann, Jacek Winiarski, Anders Glomstein, Jonas Abrahamsson, Johan Arvidson, Albert N. Békássy, Erik Forestier, Gudmundur Jonmundsson, Henrik Schroeder, Kim Vettenranta, Finn Wesenberg, Göran Gustafsson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Our focus was on patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who experienced relapse or died without becoming transplantation candidates. The purpose was to outline measures needed to improve the outcome.We analyzed our population-based 20-year data on 3,385 Nordic children with ALL treated on Nordic Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology ALL protocols, and described the flow of these patients through relapses, remissions, and deaths as a result of toxicity, demonstrating where major patient losses occurred.In total, 854 patients (25%) had a first and 274 patients (8%) had a second ALL relapse. P for survival after the first relapse was .35 +/- .02. The induction mortality (2.2%, primary; 10.3%, first relapse; 26.3%, second relapse) and remission mortality (1%, first complete remission [1CR]; 19%, second CR [2CR]) were significant; transplantation-related mortality (TRM) only represented 15% (69 of 459) of the deaths as a result of toxicity. Of the 766 patients entering 2CR, 29% underwent transplantation (P for survival, .46 +/- .04), whereas 71% continued receiving chemotherapy (P for survival, .39 +/- .02). Children with stem-cell transplantation indications in 2CR, if they did not undergo transplantation, generally died or had a second relapse. The patient groups that underwent transplantation in 1CR (n = 84), 2CR (n = 220), and > or = 3CR (n = 62) represented different risk profiles. Those with allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in > or = 3CR (P for survival, .37 +/- .07) had an ALL and first relapse with favorable features.Major patient losses occurred through mortality as a result of toxicity and resistant disease during the pathways before allo-SCT. After relapse, more patients were lost to mortality as a result of toxicity during conventional chemotherapy compared with TRM. After second relapse, the chance for rescue by allo-SCT in 3CR was minimal. The question of whether transplantation is recommended after ALL relapse should be carefully addressed, and more efficient relapse protocols should be launched.
The need for a novel approach to measure body composition: is ultrasound an answer?
Authors: Wolfram Müller, Ronald J Maughan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Body composition is an important determinant of health and performance. In ‘weight-sensitive sports’, among which are aesthetic sports, weight class sports and gravitational sports (in which body weight influences performance), many athletes use extreme methods to reduce weight rapidly or maintain a low body weight in order to gain a competitive advantage. As a consequence, athletes with very low bodyweight, extreme weight changes due to dehydration or eating disorders, extremely low body fat content, or insufficient bone mineral density are encountered with increasing frequency in many sports.1–5 In weight-sensitive sports, low bodyweight should be seen as only one possible performance factor among others. A deliberately induced underweight condition or short-term weight reduction may lead to severe medical problems, and loss of tissue can cause disastrous performance setbacks due to decreased muscle strength, general weakness, increased susceptibility to illness and reduced ability to cope with pressure: in extreme cases, athletes may develop a clinical eating disorder which is accompanied by severe mental and physical effects that may prove fatal.1 ,6 ,7

The health of the athlete is a precondition for optimum performance. Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ and is important in terms of health; it is not just ‘ballast’, as might be …
Release of unassembled rat cardiac myosin light chain 1 following the calcium paradox.
Authors: A M Samarel, A G Ferguson, R S Vander Heide, R Davison, C E Ganote
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

To determine the intracellular source and release kinetics of myosin light chain 1 immediately following irreversible myocytic injury, we perfused rat hearts in a Langendorff apparatus under control conditions (20 minutes), or during global cellular injury produced by oxygenated, calcium-free perfusion (5 minutes), followed by reperfusion with buffer containing 2.5 mM calcium (15 minutes). Light chain 1 concentration (double antibody radioimmunoassay) and creatine kinase activity were measured in both the coronary effluent and the 140,000 g supernatant extract of perfused ventricular tissue (after homogenization and ultracentrifugation). Calcium reperfusion caused the rapid release of both light chain 1 and creatine kinase activity (peak light chain 1 = 1.09 +/- 0.19 micrograms/g; peak creatine kinase = 74.9 +/- 10.7 IU/ g at 1 minute, mean +/- SD, n = 3); 28.5 +/- 13.5% of total light chain 1 and 86.5 +/- 0.6% of total creatine kinase activity were depleted from the tissue extract during the 15-minute reperfusion. No light chain 1 or creatine kinase was detected in the effluents of control-perfused hearts. Dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodetection with specific antibody to myosin heavy chain and light chain 1 showed that the effluent light chain 1 was of similar molecular weight (mol wt = 27,000) to the subunit bound to myofibrils. In addition, light chain 1 was released in the absence of myosin heavy chain. Thus, a small soluble pool of unassembled myosin light chain 1 subunits exists in the cytoplasm of cardiac myocytes that is released from irreversibly injured cells. This pool demonstrates initial washout kinetics similar to creatine kinase.
Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Disease in 7,454 Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Katarina Eeg-Olofsson, Jan Cederholm, Peter M. Nilsson, Björn Zethelius, Ann-Marie Svensson, Soffia Gudbjörnsdóttir, Björn Eliasson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE We assessed the association between A1C and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in an observational study of patients with type 1 diabetes followed for 5 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 7,454 patients were studied from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (aged 20–65 years, diabetes duration 1–35 years, followed from 2002 to 2007). RESULTS Hazard ratios (HRs) for fatal/nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) per 1% unit increase in baseline or updated mean A1C at Cox regression analysis were 1.31 and 1.34 and 1.26 and 1.32, respectively, for fatal/nonfatal CVD (all P &amp;lt; 0.001 after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes duration, blood pressure, total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, smoking, and history of CVD). HRs were only slightly lower for CHD (P = 0.002) and CVD (P = 0.002–0.007) after also adjusting for albuminuria. Adjusted 5-year event rates of CHD and CVD increased progressively with higher A1C, ranging from 5 to 12%, as well as when subgrouped by shorter (1–20 years) or longer (21–35 years) duration of diabetes. A group of 4,186 patients with A1C 5–7.9% (mean 7.2) at baseline showed risk reductions of 41% (95% confidence intervals: 15–60) (P = 0.005) for fatal/nonfatal CHD and 37% (12–55) (P = 0.008) for CVD, compared with 3,268 patients with A1C 8–11.9% (mean 9.0), fully adjusted also for albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS This observational study of patients in modern everyday clinical practice demonstrates progressively increasing risks for CHD and CVD with higher A1C, independently of traditional risk factors, with no J-shaped risk curves. A baseline mean A1C of 7.2% showed considerably reduced risks of CHD and CVD compared with A1C 9.0%, emphasizing A1C as a strong independent risk factor in type 1 diabetes.
Alveolar soft-part sarcoma.
Authors: R Hurt, M Bates, W Harrison
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma is a slow-growing but nevertheless malignant soft tissue tumour arising in muscle. It occurs most frequently in young women and often presents as a painless swelling in an upper or lower limb. The swelling, which may have been present for a considerable time, is firm and appears to be well circumscribed but it may recur locally after excision. Blood-borne metastases to the lung are common and this is frequently the mode of presentation. Lymphatic metastases are unusual. The tumour is composed of nests of large cells and the histological appearances may resemble those of a renal adenocarcinoma (hypernephroma). Six new cases of this very rare tumour are presented and the published reports are reviewed.
PT-100, a Small Molecule Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitor, Has Potent Antitumor Effects and Augments Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxicity via a Novel Immune Mechanism
Authors: Sharlene Adams, Glenn T. Miller, Michael I. Jesson, Takeshi Watanabe, Barry Jones, Barbara P. Wallner
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

The amino boronic dipeptide, PT-100 (Val-boro-Pro), a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) inhibitor, has been shown to up-regulate gene expression of certain cytokines in hematopoietic tissue via a high-affinity interaction, which appears to involve fibroblast activation protein. Because fibroblast activation protein is also expressed in stroma of lymphoid tissue and tumors, the effect of PT-100 on tumor growth was studied in mice in vivo. PT-100 has no direct cytotoxic effect on tumors in vitro. Oral administration of PT-100 to mice slowed growth of syngeneic tumors derived from fibrosarcoma, lymphoma, melanoma, and mastocytoma cell lines. In WEHI 164 fibrosarcoma and EL4 and A20/2J lymphoma models, PT-100 caused regression and rejection of tumors. The antitumor effect appeared to involve tumor-specific CTL and protective immunological memory. PT-100 treatment of WEHI 164-inoculated mice increased mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines known to promote T-cell priming and chemoattraction of T cells and innate effector cells. The role of innate activity was further implicated by observation of significant, although reduced, inhibition of WEHI 164 and A20/2J tumors in immunodeficient mice. PT-100 also demonstrated ability to augment antitumor activity of rituximab and trastuzumab in xenograft models of human CD20(+) B-cell lymphoma and HER-2(+) colon carcinoma where antibody-dependent cytotoxicity can be mediated by innate effector cells responsive to the cytokines and chemokines up-regulated by PT-100. Although CD26/DPP-IV is a potential target for PT-100 in the immune system, it appeared not to be involved because antitumor activity and stimulation of cytokine and chemokine production was undiminished in CD26(-/-) mice.
The psychological impact of cardiovascular screening: the athlete's perspective
Authors: Irfan M Asif, Serena Johnson, Jason Schmieg, Tiffany Smith, Ashwin L Rao, Kimberly G Harmon, Jack C Salerno, Jonathan A Drezner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Published guidelines suggest that ECG screening in US athletes may cause excessive anxiety, especially in those with false-positive findings. However, this has never been formally evaluated.Prospective, non-randomised controlled trial. High school athletes received a standardised history and physical examination (control) or a history and physical examination with an ECG (experimental). Prescreen and postscreen assessments for health attitudes, anxiety and impact of screening on sport were conducted.952 athletes (49.7% girls, mean age 15.5 years) participated (control=150; experimental=802). 4.4% worried about having an underlying cardiac condition, and 73% wanted to learn if they had a cardiac abnormality prior to competition. In the experimental group, 576 had normal screens, 220 had an abnormal screen (by history 15.8%, physical examination 6.2% or ECG 1.7%) but normal work up (false-positive) and 6 were identified with a serious cardiac condition (true-positive, 0.75%). Compared with the control group, those who received an ECG were more likely to: (1) be significantly more satisfied with their screening (p<0.001), (2) feel safer during competition (p<0.01), (3) support that all athletes should receive cardiac screening (p<0.001) and (4) state the ECG positively impacted their training (p<0.001). False-positive athletes did not report anxiety during or after screening. Distress levels did not differ based on reason for needing further evaluation (history, physical examination or ECG, p=0.311). Compared with control participants, individuals with false-positive results: (1) reported no difference in postscreen anxiety (p=0.775), (2) felt safer during competition (p<0.001), (3) would recommend ECG screening to others (p<0.001) and (4) expressed a positive impact on training (p<0.001).Excessive anxiety should not be used as a reason to forego ECG screening in athletes.
Neurological decompression sickness treated without recompression.
Authors: R C Saumarez, J F Bolt, R J Gregory
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The conventional treatment of type II decompression sickness is immediate recompression, which shrinks any intravascular gas bubble and causes it to go back into solution. There is now evidence which requires reappraisal of the concept that a simple intravascular gas bubble is the major pathological factor in type II decompression sickness. After fatal decom pression multiple systemic and pulmonary fat emboli have been found in dogs and in man (Clay, 1963). The composition of these fat emboli indicate that they are of metabolic origin. An absolute thrombocytopenia and a hyperliproteinaemia have been described in severe decompression sickness (Pauley and Cockett, 1970). Wells at al. (1971) found that in rapidly de compressed dogs erythrocyte and platelet aggregations occur, which do not appear to nucleate on gas bubbles. In tyjpe II decompression sickness the lesion would therefore appear to be a stable lipid/platelet embolus, and so rational medical therapy should be aimed at improving perfusion distal to the embolus and its destruction.
A Role for CXCR2 in Senescence, but What about in Cancer?
Authors: Juan C. Acosta, Jesús Gil
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Senescence is an irreversible arrest triggered by stresses such as telomere shortening, DNA damage, or oncogenic signaling. Oncogene-induced senescence occurs in preneoplastic lesions, but it is absent from full-blown malignancies suggesting a tumor suppressor function. We recently found that depletion of the receptor CXCR2 [which binds to chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-8 or GROalpha] delays both replicative senescence and impairs the senescence response to oncogenic signals. Our findings suggest that signaling by IL-8 and GROalpha might limit tumor growth by reinforcing senescence early in tumorigenesis. The challenge remains in how to integrate this with the well-known tumor promoting effects of IL-8 and GROalpha.
Inheritance of Susceptibility to Polyoma Virus in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Chang, Shueh-Shen, Hildemann, W. H.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Journal Article Inheritance of Susceptibility to Polyoma Virus in Mice Get access Shueh-Shen Chang, Shueh-Shen Chang Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. H. Hildemann W. H. Hildemann Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 33, Issue 2, August 1964, Pages 303, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/33.2.303 Published: 01 August 1964 Article history Received: 13 March 1964 Published: 01 August 1964
PROSPECTIVE COHORT EVALUATION OF BETA-BLOCKER USE IN CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Petsy Pui Sze So, Ross A. Davies, George Chandy, Duncan J. Stewart, Rob S.B. Beanlands, Haissam Haddad, Carolyn Pugliese, Carolyn Fenwick, Lisa M. Mielniczuk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Altruism, self-control, and justice: What Aristotle really said
Authors: Graham F. Wagstaff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

As support for his position, Rachlin refers to the writings of Aristotle. However, Aristotle, like many social psychological theorists, would dispute the assumptions that altruism always involves self-control, and that altruism is confined to acts that have group benefits. Indeed, for Aristotle, as for equity theory and sociobiology, justice exists partly to curb the unrestrained actions of those altruists who are a social liability.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism in young patients treated with clopidogrel after myocardial infarction: a cohort study
Authors: Jean-Philippe Collet, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Anna Pena, Eric Villard, Jean-Baptiste Esteve, Johanne Silvain, Laurent Payot, Delphine Brugier, Guillaume Cayla, Farzin Beygui, Gilbert Bensimon, Christian Funck-Brentano, Gilles Montalescot
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Oesophagus: Heartburn
Authors: J. de Caestecker
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is defined as symptoms or mucosal damage (oesophagitis) resulting from the exposure of the distal oesophagus to refluxed gastric contents. However, the symptoms of reflux oesophagitis do not equate with mucosal damage, and patients with endoscopic evidence of oesophagitis do not necessarily have the worst symptoms. 

In primary care GORD is therefore best thought of in terms of symptoms: symptom control is the aim of most management strategies, and indeed typical symptoms can guide doctors to the correct diagnosis. Since frequency and intensity of symptoms are poorly predictive of the severity of mucosal damage, with the converse also applying, endoscopy may be less useful than commonly perceived. A variety of other tests are available to diagnose and assess the severity of disease if symptoms are atypical and results of endoscopy normal.

Nevertheless, oesophagitis resulting from GORD has become the commonest single diagnosis resulting from endoscopy carried out for dyspepsia, although whether this represents a true increase in prevalence or simply reflects a change in referral practice is unclear. There is little doubt that a spectrum of severity of disease exists, with most affected people never consulting a doctor and only a minority with unremitting symptoms or complications from the disease receiving attention from hospital specialists. Consequently, treatment of patients presenting in general practice may not be best guided by the outcome of most clinical trials, which have recruited patients from those referred to hospital.
Cytological Punctures in the Diagnosis of Renal Tumours: A Study on Accuracy and Reproducibility
Authors: Intan P.E.D. Kümmerlin, Frank Smedts, Fiebo J.W. ten Kate, Thomas Horn, Ferran Algaba, Isabel Trias, Hessel Wijkstra, Jean J.M.C.H. de la Rosette, M. Pilar Laguna
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Characterization of factor XIIIa positive dermal dendritic cells in normal and inflamed skin
Authors: R. CERIO, C.E.M. GRIFFITHS, K.D. COOPER, B.J. NICKOLOFF, J.T. HEADINGTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

The immunocytochemical identification and characterization of indigenous dermal dendritic cells (dermal dendrocytes) using a rabbit polyclonal antibody to clotting enzyme factor XIII subunit A (FXIIIa) was carried out on normal and inflamed human cutaneous tissue. The immunophenotype of FXIIIa positive dendritic cells was analysed with a panel of 18 monoclonal antibodies using immunoperoxidase and double immunofluorescence staining techniques. The antibody against FXIIIa detected highly dendritic dermal cells located particularly in the upper reticular and papillary dermis. Double fluorescence microscopy showed that FXIIIa positive cells were bone marrow derived (HLe‐I+) and co‐expressed monocyte, macrophage or antigen presenting cell markers (HLA‐DR+, LFA‐I+, HLA‐DQ+, OKM5+, MoI+, Mono‐I+, Leu M3+). No labelling was obtained with cell markers for Langerhans cells (CDI), T lymphocytes (CD2), granulocytes (LeuMI) fibroblasts (Te7), intercellular adhesion molecule‐I (ICAM‐I) or endothelial cells (Factor VIII related antigen). Gamma interferon induced increased expression of HLA‐DR and co‐expression of ICAM‐I on FXIIIa+ dermal dendritic cells in normal skin in organ culture. Moreover, in benign inflammatory dermatoses such as atopic eczema and psoriasis there was an increased number of FXIIIa+, DR+, ICAM‐I+ cells in the upper dermis and foci of FXIIIa+ cells in the epidermis closely associated with lymphocytes. FXIIIa positive cells in human skin represent a specific population of bone‐marrow dermal dendritic cells, distinct from Langerhans cells, that share some features common to mononuclear phagocytes (monocyte/macrophages). In addition, the detection of HLA‐DQ on 48% of FXIIIa+ cells and the lack of OKMI in combination with high OKM5 expression suggests an antigen‐presenting cell phenotype.
Microvascular Abnormality in Schizophrenia as Shown by Retinal Imaging
Authors: Madeline H. Meier, Idan Shalev, Terrie E. Moffitt, Shitij Kapur, Richard S.E. Keefe, Tien Y. Wong, Daniel W. Belsky, HonaLee Harrington, Sean Hogan, Renate Houts, Avshalom Caspi, Richie Poulton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Microvascular abnormalities, specifically wider venules, were linked to a higher risk for psychosis symptoms in both adulthood and childhood, indicating a possible distinguishing feature of schizophrenia that manifests early in life.
Statins for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Women With Elevated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein or Dyslipidemia
Authors: Samia Mora, Robert J. Glynn, Judith Hsia, Jean G. MacFadyen, Jacques Genest, Paul M Ridker
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Statin therapy in women without cardiovascular disease (CVD) is controversial, given the insufficient evidence of benefit. We analyzed sex-specific outcomes in the Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) and synthesized the results with prior trials.JUPITER participants included 6801 women > or =60 years of age and 11 001 men > or =50 years of age with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein > or =2 mg/L and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <130 mg/dL randomized to rosuvastatin versus placebo. Meta-analysis studies were randomized placebo-controlled statin trials with predominantly or exclusively primary prevention in women and sex-specific outcomes (20 147 women; >276 CVD events; mean age, 63 to 69 years). Absolute CVD rates (per 100 person-years) in JUPITER women for rosuvastatin and placebo (0.57 and 1.04, respectively) were lower than for men (0.88 and 1.54, respectively), with similar relative risk reduction in women (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.80; P=0.002) and men (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.45 to 0.73; P<0.001). In women, there was significant reduction in revascularization/unstable angina and nonsignificant reductions in other components of the primary end point. Meta-analysis of 13 154 women (240 CVD events; 216 total deaths) from exclusively primary prevention trials found a significant reduction in primary CVD events with statins by a third (relative risk, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.49 to 0.82; P<0.001; P for heterogeneity=0.56) with a smaller nonsignificant effect on total mortality (relative risk, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 1.15; P=0.21; P for heterogeneity=0.20). Similar results were obtained for trials that were predominantly but not exclusively primary prevention.JUPITER demonstrated that in primary prevention rosuvastatin reduced CVD events in women with a relative risk reduction similar to that in men, a finding supported by meta-analysis of primary prevention statin trials. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00239681.