tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High-dose of daunorubicin as induction treatment for adults with newly diagnosed Philadelphia-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: S. Lee, Y. Joo, K. Lee, K. Kim, J. Ahn, S. Sohn, H. Kim, Y. Choi, J. Park, G. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

6589 Background: Although daunorubicin (D) has been used as major part of induction treatment for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), its specific role is difficult to understand. The reason is that D doses are variable and few data from randomized studies are available. Early use of high-dose D may be associated with improved long-term outcome in newly diagnosed Philadelphia-negative (Ph-) ALL patients. Methods: The induction regimen was D 90m2/day on day 1∼3, vincristine (V) 2mg on day 1 and 8, prednisolone (P) 60 mg/m2/day on day 1∼14 and L-asparaginase (L) 4,000 units/m2/day on day 17∼28. For patients over 65 years old, D 45/m2/day was given. If bone marrow on day 14 showed residual leukemic cells over 5%, a course with D 45/m2/day was conducted on day 15. As consolidation, VPDL in cycle 1, cytarabine/etoposide in cycle 2 and 4, and methotrexate (MTX) in cycle 3 and 5 was conducted. Maintenance therapy with MTX and 6- mercaptopurine for maximum 2 years was administered. If the patient achieved CR and had HLA-matched donors, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was undergone. Results: We treated 170 patients (100 male, 70 female) with median age 34 years (range, 14-71) between Jun. 2005 and Nov. 2009. Remission induction was seen in 154 (90.6%). In the follow-up period of median 25.2 months (range, 0.7-49.5), the 2 year and 3 year disease-free survival (DFS) was 43.6% and 39.9%, respectively. The 2 year and 3 year overall survival (OS) was 50.9% and 43.7%, respectively. Forty-nine patients (28.8%) relapsed. Allogeneic HCT was done in 89 patients (52.3%). Treatment-related mortality of induction was 2 sepsis (1.3%). Conclusions: High-dose of D as induction was not inferior to standard-dose D in DFS, OS and toxicities for newly diagnosed Ph- ALL patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The impact of OSA on nocturnal hypoxia in obese patients with chronic asthma
Authors: Amanda James, Ajit Thomas, Shahrad Taheri, Adel Mansur, Dev Banerjee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background 

There is increasing evidence that asthma, obesity and OSA co-exist with resulting increased usage of health care resources. This cohort may have worse asthma control due to increased nocturnal hypoxia augmentating airway and systemic inflammation. The prevalence of OSA and degree of hypoxia in obese patients with asthma remains unclear.

Methods 

A retrospective survey of obese patients with chronic asthma referred to the sleep clinic between 2009-2010 undergoing overnight sleep monitoring was undertaken using RemLogic software (in-hospital polysomnography). Scoring of the respiratory data was as per American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) guidelines 2007. OSA was defined as an apnoea/hypopnoea index(AHI) of ≥5.0/hour and moderate-severe as ≥15/hr.

Results 

26 patients (19 females) were analysed. Mean(SD) BMI =45.2(10.8)kg/m2. Mean(SD) age=45.1(12.2)yrs. Six had Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and 12 had hypertension. OSA was found in 12(46%), 7(27%) had moderate-severe OSA. Those with OSA were more likely to have T2DM (33vs12%). There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups. Those with OSA: (median(IQR))AHI=21.5 (13-45)/hr were more hypoxic during the night compared to those without OSA (AHI=2 (0.9-3)/hr). Mean nocturnal O2 sats (Mean(SD)): 91.6%(3.4) vs 95.3(1.2) P=0.003, minimum O2 sats: 80.1%(11.8) vs 90.5%(2.0) P= 0.01.

Conclusions 

OSA is common in obese patients with chronic asthma. Patients with OSA in this group were more hypoxic during the night. Clinicians looking after obese chronic asthma patients should consider screening for OSA. Prospective studies are required to further establish the prevalence of OSA in obese asthmatic patients, and the value of CPAP in this group.
FOLFOX4 and concomitant highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in metastatic colorectal cancer (M-CRC) HIV-positive patients (pts): A GICAT experience
Authors: M. Berretta, M. Lanzafame, V. Montesarchio, P. Ortolani, R. Cinelli, F. Di Benedetto, M. Spina, A. Lleshi, C. Simonelli, U. Tirelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15046 Background: This study was performed to evaluate retrospectively the efficacy and tolerance of FOLFOX4 regimen, with concomitant HAART, in M-CRC HIV-positive pts. Methods: From February 2002 to June 2007, 21 consecutive M-CRC HIV-positive pts were treated, within the Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo AIDS e Tumori (GICAT). Before treatment, pts were staged by means physical examinations, complete blood cell count (including CD4+), blood chemistry, HIV viral load, CEA and CT-Scan of thorax and abdomen. After every cycle of chemotherapy (CT) filgrastim (300μg/die sc, from day 5 to complete haematological recovery) were profilactically administered. Results: Recycling was not performed at the scheduled time in 10 pts for haematological toxicities, but no pts was admitted to hospital because of severe toxicity or opportunistic infection. To date 11 pts have died due to tumour progression. The clinical characteristics have reported in the table. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results suggest that FOLFOX4 regimen with concomitant HAART is feasible and active, while the HIV infection is not a limiting factor for its use. Moreover, the concomitant use of HAART does not seem to increase the toxicity of FOLFOX4 regimen. Sex M/F 16/5 Age median (range) 50 (29–62) PS median 1 (0–3) Primary tumor Colon 15 (71%) Rectum 6 (29%) Site of metastases Liver 12 (58%) Lung 5 (24%) Others 4 (18%) Prior CT (adjuvant) 4 (18%) Total number of cycles of CT 90 Response to CT Complete + Partial remission 11 (53%) Stable disease 4 (18%) Progression disease 6 (29%) Haematological toxicities (neutropenia) G1-G2 11 (53%) G3-G4 2 (9%) Gastrointestinal toxicities (diarrhoea) G1-G2 9 (43%) G3-G4 0 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Randomized comparison of two combination regimens versus minimal chemotherapy in nonsmall-cell lung cancer: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group Trial.
Authors: D W Luedke, L Einhorn, G A Omura, P R Sarma, A A Bartolucci, R Birch, F A Greco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Patients with advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), good performance status, and no prior chemotherapy were randomized to receive one of three regimens: intravenous vindesine (V) 3 mg/m2 every 2 weeks; V 3 mg/m2 weekly for 5 weeks, followed by a dose every 2 weeks plus mitomycin (VM) 20 mg/m2 day 1 and then 15 mg/m2 every 6 weeks; or V at the more intensive dose rate plus cisplatin (VC) 120 mg/m2 with forced diuresis on days 1 and 29 and then every 6 weeks. A total of 435 patients were enrolled in the trial, with 410 (94%) assessable for prognostic characteristics and survival. Among the 375 patients assessable for response, only 58 (15%) achieved objective response. Single-agent V every 2 weeks was inactive (response rate less than 1%), effectively acting as a no-treatment arm. Among assessable patients receiving VM, 33 (27%) responded; among patients receiving VC, 24 (19%) responded. There was no statistically significant survival difference among the treatment arms, with median survival among those treated with V 14.8 weeks, VM 20.4 weeks, and VC 24.7 weeks; VC achieved borderline significance (P = .06) compared with V. In a prognostic factor analysis, treatment was not a significant factor (P = .447) for survival. Thus, in this large multicenter trial, neither a high-dose cisplatin combination nor a noncisplatin regimen (VM) with a comparable response rate had a significant survival advantage over minimal chemotherapy. New approaches are needed in advanced NSCLC.
The development of a preoperative chemotherapy strategy for patients selected to undergo pulmonary metastasectomy from colorectal cancer
Authors: F. Negri, A. Musolino, A. R. Norman, G. Ladas, U. Pastorino, G. Chong, D. Cunningham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3653 Background: Considerable data are available to support the use of hepatic metastectomy in patients with colorectal cancer, but studies of pulmonary metastectomy are relatively few, mainly noncontemporaneous and predate the use of preoperative chemotherapy. Methods: Between 1995 and 2003, 31 patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer underwent thoracic surgery with curative intent. Patients treated prior to 2001 had surgery +/- postoperative chemotherapy while patients treated after 2001 had preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery. Results: The median age at surgery was 61 years (range, 47 to 77). All patients underwent preoperative CT staging, 13 had additional PET scans. 20 patients (65%) proceeded directly to surgery and 5 of these patients received postoperative chemotherapy. 11 (35%) received preoperative chemotherapy which consisted of a fluoropyrimidine in combination with either Oxaliplatin or Mitomycin C, except for 1 patient who received single agent CPT-11. 9/11 (82%) had a partial response and 2 (18%) had stable disease. In total 39 thoracic operations (6 bilateral and 1 incomplete) were undertaken. There were no postoperative deaths. 4/20 (20%) who had initial surgery had postoperative complications compared to 2/11 (18%) of the preoperative chemotherapy group. Overall 3- and 5-year survival rates after the first thoracic operation were 65.2% (95% CI 35.1–83.9) and 26.1% (95% CI 4.3–56.2) respectively. Disease-free interval [DFI], number of pulmonary metastases, previous resection of hepatic metastases, prethoracotomy carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and preoperative chemotherapy were not found to be significant prognostic factors for survival.Conclusions:Resection of lung metastases has a low morbidity and mortality and results in long term survival for 20–30% of patients. Furthermore in this clinical setting, preoperative chemotherapy produced a high response rate with no patients experiencing disease progression prior to surgery. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of weekly epoetin beta in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia
Authors: Y. Fujisaka, T. Tamura, Y. Ohe, H. Kunitoh, I. Sekine, N. Yamamoto, H. Nokihara, A. Horiike, T. Kodama, N. Saijo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8206 Background: The dose of Erythropoietin for chemotherapy-induced anemia in cancer patients is considerably higher than the one used for anemia due to renal failure. However, limited number of reports on pharmacokinetics (PK) with higher dose are available. We carried out the PK and pharmacodynamic study of epoetin beta (EPOCH) in lung cancer (LC) patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia. Methods: Fifteen LC patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia [hemoglobin (Hb) level of 11 g/dL or less] received EPOCH 9000, 18000 or 36000 IU subcutaneously (SC), weekly for 8 weeks. We estimated the PK parameters following the first administration of EPOCH and also measured the trough level of Erythropoietin and Hb level over 7 weeks. Results: Cmax and AUC rose in proportion to the dose given, and T\({1}/{2}\), Vd, and CL appeared almost stable irrespective of dose (table). In 3 of 15 patients, the Erythropoietin trough levels were increased when severe myelosuppression by chemotherapy was noted. EPOCH did not accumulate on administering SC weekly. The mean changes in Hb level at the end of treatment were −0.4 g/dL at 9000 IU, 1.4 g/dL at 18000 IU and 2.8 g/dL at 36000 IU. Conclusions: The PK of EPOCH was almost linear between 9000 and 36000 IU. The dose of 18000 IU or higher was effective against chemotherapy-induced anemia. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis of the level of carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin teenagers consuming tobacco
Authors: Ilenkova Natalya, Mazur Julia, Shulmin Andrey, Ilenkova Olga
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The search for effective markers for determining the level of nicotine metabolites in children consuming tobacco is important to determine preventive measures.   Aims and objectives:  To assess the level of carbon monoxide (CO) and carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in exhaled air and urine cotinine indicators in adolescents consuming tobacco products.   Methods  : A total of 73 adolescents aged 15-17 years ( Group 1 - 28 people smoking , Group 2 -16 smoking occasionally , 3 group of 29 people smoking. The levels of CO and HbCO in exhaled air was determined by using MicroCO (Handheld carbon monoxide monitors). Cotinine urinary metabolite of nicotine , was determined by test strips. Descriptive statistics for quantitative traits are presented by median and percentiles qualitative features percentage . Statistical significance of differences was determined by the Kruskal -Wallis test , Mann-Whitney , chi-square and Fisher9s exact test . The force and direction determined by Spearman correlation .   Results:  It was found that in group 1 level of CO and HbCO was 5.0 ( 3,0-9,5 ) and 0.8 ( 0,48-1,5 ) , in group 2 - 2.0 (2.0 -3.0 ) and 0.32 ( CI: 0.95 % :0,32 -0, 48), in group 3- 0.00 ( 0,00-0,5 ) and 0.00 ( 0,00-0 , 08 ) . In paired comparison with the help of method Mann Whitney revealed that P 1, 2  = 0,12, P 1, 3   2, 3  = 0.002 . A direct strong , statistically significant correlation between the level of CO in the exhaled air HbCO Group 1 (r = 1,00; p    Conclusions  : The level of HbCO and CO in exhaled air depends on the fact and extent of smoking adolescents and may be an important marker for determining the effectiveness of control measures and prevention.
Gene expression profiles classifies the responsiveness of human osteosarcoma to doxorubicin, cisplatin and ifosfamide
Authors: S. Bruheim, Y. Xi, G. Nakajima, J. Ju, O. Fodstad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

9534 Background: Despite the increased survival rates of osteosarcoma patients attributed to adjuvant chemotherapy, at least one third of the patients still succumb to their disease. Furthermore, ultra-aggressive combination chemotherapy is associated with considerable acute and long term toxicity. This is of particular concern in patients who may be cured by a simpler and less toxic regimens or do not have micrometastatic disease. Hence, further improvements in the management of osteosarcoma seemingly depend on diagnostic and prognostic tools that may allow for a more risk adapted and individualized treatment. Methods: We have used GE Uniset Human 20K microarrays to obtain gene expression profiles from a panel of ten unique human osteosarcoma xenografts. For each of the three drugs doxorubicin, cisplatin or ifosfamide the xenografts were grouped according to their response to chemotherapy, resistant, weakly sensitive or sensitive. For each individual drug, a one-way ANOVA test with a Benjamini and Hochberg multiple test correction allowing a false discovery rate of 5% (doxorubicin, cisplatin) or 2% (ifosfamide) was used to identify genes with significantly differential expression. In addition a 2-fold cut off was applied to exclude smaller but yet significant differences. Results: For doxorubicin and cisplatin, respectively 59 and 120 genes met these criteria. The expression levels of 25 genes overlapped between these two groups. For ifosfamide, 148 genes were selected, for 5 of them the expression overlapped with cisplatin sensitivity related genes. In the lists, genes involved in mediating and regulating apoptosis were abundant, such as regulators of TGF signaling, ubiquitin mediated protein degradation and members of the immediate early response protein family. Several genes which products interact with components of the cytoskeleton were also identified. Conclusion: We have used a unique strategy to screen for potential chemosensitivity markers by utilizing xenografts as training sets. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Pre-radiation R115777 in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme and residual enhancing disease
Authors: R. A. Lustig, T. Mikkelesen, G. Lesser, S. Grossman, X. Ye, S. Desideri, J. Fisher, J. Wright
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

1518 Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate response and survival following the administration of R115777 prior to and following radiation therapy in newly diagnosed patients with GBM who had residual contrast enhancing tumor. Methods: Following surgery, patients with residual contrast enhancing tumor were eligible for this study. Patients were stratified based on their usage or non-usage of EIACs. After informed consent was obtained, patients were started on oral R115777. Patients on EIACs received 600mg b.i.d and those not on EIACs received 300mg b.i.d. R115777 was given continuously for 3 weeks followed by a one week rest. MRIs were performed monthly to establish response. Patients with evidence of progression went to immediate radiation therapy. Progression was defined as a 25% increase in the volume of tumor on MRI or progressive neurologic symptoms not explained by medication or systemic disease. For patients completing 3 cycles of R115777, the drug was stopped and radiation started, 60 Gy in 6 weeks. After radiation non-progressing patients were to have R11577 restarted until progression. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were response rate, progression free survival, and toxicity. Results: From August 28, 2003 until April 13, 2004, 28 patients were accrued into the study. The mean age was 59.6 years and the mean KPS 84.6 All patients had histologically confirmed glioblastoma. A total of 15 patients were on EIACs. Fifteeen patients remain alive with a maximum follow-up of 350 days. Progressive disease occurred quickly on this therapy: 12 pts (48%) in the first month, 9 pts (36%) in the 2nd month, and 3 pts (12%) in the 3rd month. Only 2 patients completed all 3 cycles of induction therapy and radiation. No patient achieved a CR or PR. One patient was off study due to toxicity. To date 14 of 28 patients have died with a median overall survival of 7.5 months. Conclusions: R115777 administered prior to radiation therapy in patients with newly diagnosed GBM with residual contrast enhancing disease did not result in any measurable responses. No significant toxicities were noted in this group of patients. These patients continue to be followed for survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
CAL-101, An Isoform-Selective Inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase P110δ, Demonstrates Clinical Activity and Pharmacodynamic Effects In Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Richard R. Furman, John C. Byrd, Jennifer R Brown, Steven E. Coutre, Don M Benson, Nina D. Wagner-Johnston, Ian W. Flinn, Brad S. Kahl, Stephen E. Spurgeon, Brian Lannutti, Neil A. Giese, Heather K Webb, Roger G Ulrich, Sissy Peterman, Leanne M. Holes, Albert S Yu
Journal: Blood (2010)
Proton Therapy with Concurrent Chemotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Our Experiences and Future Direction
Authors: Seiji Niho, Shigeki Umemura, Koichi Goto, Hironobu Ohmatsu, Masamichi Toshima, Atsushi Motegi, Satoko Arahira, Masakatsu Onozawa, Tetsuo Akimoto, Yuichiro Ohe
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Increasing awareness of patients with cancer faced with the choice of whether to participate in a phase I clinical trial.
Authors: C. Catania, T. M. De Pas, A. Goldhirsch, G. Spitaleri, C. Noberasco, A. Delmonte, D. Radice, L. Adamoli, F. Vecchio, F. G. De Braud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e19558 Background: In a previous study we captured several misconceptions and fears of patients (pts) with cancer facing the choice of whether to participate in a clinical trial, which were often not expressed. In this sequential study we investigated the effects of discussing misconceptions with patients offered treatments in phase I trials on their conscious choice of participation or not in the trials. Methods: Thirty-six out of 50 planned pts were enrolled. On day 1, after the presentation of a phase-I trial, a specific multiple-choice and open-answer questionnaire was administered to assess the presence of specific fears (felt exploited as "guinea pigs"; fear that a clinical trial is primarily motivated by economic or scientific interests; absence of hope for improvement) and the patient's wish and expectation in discussing these topics. On day ≥ 2, before patient's decision of whether to participate in the previously proposed phase-I trial, fears-discussion took place, if required. Finally, the impact of the discussion on patient's choice to acceptance/refusal of participation and increased awareness and freedom were investigated. Results: Thirty-three/36 (92%) pts thought that physicians purpose a clinical trial for scientific interest, 10/35 (29%) felt exploited as "guinea pigs" and 9/35 (26%) believed there was no further hope for improvement. Twenty-nine/36 (81%) believed that the opportunity of discussing these fears could be useful and could lead to a more free and conscious choice to acceptance/refusal of participation in the proposed phase I trial. These existing fears were not elicited during the phase-I trial discussion because the patients were unaware (11/13: 85%). The final discussion with physicians about their fears made pts (28/30: 93%) more aware in making their choice and in feeling more free. Conclusions: Misconceptions and fears of pts offered participation in clinical phase I trials with advanced tumours are significant. Recognising and discussing these topics, often unexpressed, make patients feel free and aware of the choice of whether to participate in a phase I clinical trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.