tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do adults with high gliadin antibody concentrations have subclinical gluten intolerance?
Authors: J A Arnason, H Gudjonsson, J Freysdottir, I Jonsdottir, H Valdimarsson
Journal: Gut (1992)

Gliadin antibodies of the IgG and IgA isotypes and IgG subclasses were measured in 200 adults who were randomly selected from the Icelandic National Register. Those with the highest gliadin antibody concentrations were invited with negative controls to participate in a clinical evaluation. Neither the study subjects nor the physicians who recorded and evaluated the clinical findings were aware of the antibody levels. Significantly higher proportion of the gliadin antibody positive individuals reported unexplained attacks of diarrhoea (p = 0.03), and IgA gliadin antibodies were associated with increased prevalence of chronic fatigue (p = 0.0037). The gliadin antibody positive group also showed significantly decreased transferrin saturation, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin compared with the gliadin antibody negative controls. Serum folic acid concentrations were significantly lower in the IgA gliadin antibody positive individuals. On blind global assessment 15 of the 48 participants were thought to have clinical and laboratory features that are compatible with gluten sensitive enteropathy, and 14 of these were in the gliadin antibody positive group (p = 0.013). Complaints that have not been associated with gluten intolerance had similar prevalence in both groups with the exception of persistent or recurrent headaches that were more common in the gliadin antibody positive group. These findings raise the possibility that a subclinical form of gluten intolerance may be relatively common.
B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles.
Authors: G Raposo, H W Nijman, W Stoorvogel, R Liejendekker, C V Harding, C J Melief, H J Geuze
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Antigen-presenting cells contain a specialized late endocytic compartment, MIIC (major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class II-enriched compartment), that harbors newly synthesized MHC class II molecules in transit to the plasma membrane. MIICs have a limiting membrane enclosing characteristic internal membrane vesicles. Both the limiting membrane and the internal vesicles contain MHC class II. In this study on B lymphoblastoid cells, we demonstrate by immunoelectron microscopy that the limiting membrane of MIICs can fuse directly with the plasma membrane, resulting in release from the cells of internal MHC class II-containing vesicles. These secreted vesicles, named exosomes, were isolated from the cell culture media by differential centrifugation followed by flotation on sucrose density gradients. The overall surface protein composition of exosomes differed significantly from that of the plasma membrane. Exosome-bound MHC class II was in a compact, peptide-bound conformation. Metabolically labeled MHC class II was released into the extracellular medium with relatively slow kinetics, 10 +/- 4% in 24 h, indicating that direct fusion of MIICs with the plasma membrane is not the major pathway by which MHC class II reaches the plasma membrane. Exosomes derived from both human and murine B lymphocytes induced antigen-specific MHC class II-restricted T cell responses. These data suggest a role for exosomes in antigen presentation in vivo.
Vaccination Elicits Correlated Immune and Clinical Responses in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients
Authors: Christopher J. Wheeler, Keith L. Black, Gentao Liu, Mia Mazer, Xiao-xue Zhang, Samuel Pepkowitz, Dennis Goldfinger, Hiushan Ng, Dwain Irvin, John S. Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Cancer vaccine trials have failed to yield robust immune-correlated clinical improvements as observed in animal models, fueling controversy over the utility of human cancer vaccines. Therapeutic vaccination represents an intriguing additional therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; grade 4 glioma), which has a dismal prognosis and treatment response, but only early phase I vaccine trial results have been reported. Immune and clinical responses from a phase II GBM vaccine trial are reported here. IFN-γ responsiveness was quantified in peripheral blood of 32 GBM patients given therapeutic dendritic cell vaccines. Posttreatment times to tumor progression (TTP) and survival (TTS) were compared in vaccine responders and nonresponders and were correlated with immune response magnitudes. GBM patients (53%) exhibited ≥1.5-fold vaccine-enhanced cytokine responses. Endogenous antitumor responses of similar magnitude occurred in 22% of GBM patients before vaccination. Vaccine responders exhibited significantly longer TTS and TTP relative to nonresponders. Immune enhancement in vaccine responders correlated logarithmically with TTS and TTP spanning postvaccine chemotherapy, but not with initial TTP spanning vaccination alone. This is the first report of a progressive correlation between cancer clinical outcome and T-cell responsiveness after therapeutic vaccination in humans and the first tracing of such correlation to therapeutically exploitable tumor alteration. As such, our findings offer unique opportunities to identify cellular and molecular components of clinically meaningful antitumor immunity in humans. [Cancer Res 2008;68(14):5955–64]
Acute intracranial epidural haematoma in a basketball player: a case report.
Authors: R Datti, S L Gentile, R Pisani
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

A 35-year-old basketball player suffered a serious double head injury during a match. An acute left temporal epidural haematoma, which necessitated surgical drainage, developed. The exceptional circumstances of the trauma are discussed and the literature concerning basketball-related injuries is reviewed.
Modulation of Deoxycytidine Metabolism In Vivo With High-Dose Thymidine in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D S Zaharko, J M Covey
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The question of whether selective biochemical modulation of deoxycytidine (dCyd) metabolism by thymidine (dThd) could be quantitated in vivo was addressed. Plasma clearance of [5-3H]dCyd was altered significantly by prior administration (2 hr) of dThd (3,600 mg/kg). The plasma half-life (beta-phase) of [5-3H]dCyd was raised approximately fourfold by dThd. Although dThd consistently caused an increase in the [5-3H]dCyd incorporated into the DNA of the spleen, duodenum, and femur marrow, there was no clear-cut difference between normal (BALB/c X DBA/2)F1 mice and L1210 tumor-bearing (BALB/c X DBA/2)F1 mice that could be translated into a selective advantage. Analysis of tritiated nucleotides in the spleens of normal and L1210 tumor-bearing mice indicated a greater incorporation of [5-3H]dCyd into the dCyd nucleotide pools of L1210 tumor-bearing mice than of normal mice. An analysis with the use of the proportionality constant kappa representing the combined effects of transport, pool sizes, and metabolic incorporation of [5-3H]dCyd into DNA showed that kappa decreased in each organ studied after dThd administration.
Vascular Malformation Overlying the Pulmonary Artery Simulating a Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: CALVIN B. ERNST, KARL P. KLASSEN, JOSEPH M. RYAN
Journal: Circulation (1961)

An arteriovenous fistula with aneurysmal dilatation involving branches of both coronary vessels and the pulmonary artery is discussed. The malformation was limited to the main pulmonary artery and presented a small left-to-right shunt without symptoms. Ligation of the supplying vessels resulted in the disappearance of a murmur typical of a patent ductus arteriosus.
Permanent Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators
Authors: Craig A. McPherson, Constantine Manthous
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators are implanted in patients with cardiovascular disease for an ever-increasing array of indications. Intensivists provide care frequently for patients who have these devices, and thus, they must be familiar with common problems and nuances that may contribute to critical illness. Close collaboration of the critical care physician and cardiologist/electrophysiologist assures that pacemakers and defibrillators are tuned to optimize the hemodynamic milieu of critically ill patients. Many recent advances in the sophistication of implanted devices are reviewed herein.
Homicide and Suicide Rates Associated With Implementation of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
Authors: J Ludwig, P J Cook
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextIn February 1994, the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act established a nationwide requirement that licensed firearms dealers observe a waiting period and initiate a background check for handgun sales. The effects of this act have not been analyzed.ObjectiveTo determine whether implementation of the Brady Act was associated with reductions in homicide and suicide rates.Design and SettingAnalysis of vital statistics data in the United States for 1985 through 1997 from the National Center for Health Statistics.Main Outcome MeasuresTotal and firearm homicide and suicide rates per 100,000 adults (≥21 years and ≥55 years) and proportion of homicides and suicides resulting from firearms were calculated by state and year. Controlling for population age, race, poverty and income levels, urban residence, and alcohol consumption, the 32 "treatment" states directly affected by the Brady Act requirements were compared with the 18 "control" states and the District of Columbia, which had equivalent legislation already in place.ResultsChanges in rates of homicide and suicide for treatment and control states were not significantly different, except for firearm suicides among persons aged 55 years or older (−0.92 per 100,000; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.43 to −0.42). This reduction in suicides for persons aged 55 years or older was much stronger in states that had instituted both waiting periods and background checks (−1.03 per 100,000; 95% CI, −1.58 to −0.47) than in states that only changed background check requirements (−0.17 per 100,000; 95% CI, −1.09 to 0.75).ConclusionsBased on the assumption that the greatest reductions in fatal violence would be within states that were required to institute waiting periods and background checks, implementation of the Brady Act appears to have been associated with reductions in the firearm suicide rate for persons aged 55 years or older but not with reductions in homicide rates or overall suicide rates. However, the pattern of implementation of the Brady Act does not permit a reliable analysis of a potential effect of reductions in the flow of guns from treatment-state gun dealers into secondary markets.
Cutaneous granulomas associated with high-grade T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: None FARRELL, None HENRY, None WOODROW, None FRANCIS, None NEWLANDS, None MITCHELL, None CREAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We describe a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with a chemotherapy regimen (which included bleomycin, prednisolone and low-dose methotrexate) who developed cutaneous non-caseating granulomas. We felt our patient fitted into the category of 'sarcoid-like granulomas'.
Identification of diagnostic markers for tuberculosis by proteomic fingerprinting of serum
Authors: Dan Agranoff, Delmiro Fernandez-Reyes, Marios C Papadopoulos, Sergio A Rojas, Mark Herbster, Alison Loosemore, Edward Tarelli, Jo Sheldon, Achim Schwenk, Richard Pollok, Charlotte FJ Rayner, Sanjeev Krishna
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
Sporadic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to de novo myosin mutations.
Authors: H Watkins, L Thierfelder, D S Hwang, W McKenna, J G Seidman, C E Seidman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs as an autosomal dominant familial disorder or as a sporadic disease without familial involvement. While missense mutations in the beta cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene account for approximately half of all cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the molecular causes of sporadic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are unknown. To determine whether beta cardiac MHC mutations are also associated with sporadic disease, we screened this gene in seven individuals with sporadic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mutations in the beta cardiac MHC genes were identified in two probands with sporadic disease. In that their parents were neither clinically nor genetically affected, we conclude that mutations in each proband arose de novo. Transmission of the mutation and disease to an offspring occurred in one pedigree, predicting that these are germline mutations. The demonstration of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy arising within a pedigree coincident with the appearance of a de novo mutation provides compelling genetic evidence that beta cardiac MHC mutations cause this disease. We suggest that de novo mutations account for some instances of sporadic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and that these mutations can be transmitted to children. The clinical benefits of defining mutations responsible for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should also be available to some patients with sporadic disease.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Anatomic Properties of Myocardial Bridge Predisposing to Myocardial Infarction”
Authors: Yukio Ishikawa, Yoshikiyo Akasaka, Kinji Ito, Toshiharu Ishii, Koyu Suzuki, Mieko Fujiwara, Takafumi Ogawa, Kazuto Yamazaki, Hitoshi Niino, Michio Tanaka, Kentaro Ogata, Shojiroh Morinaga, Yoshiro Ebihara, Yutaka Kawahara, Hitoshi Sugiura, Toshiro Takimoto, Akio Komatsu, Toshihito Shinagawa, Kazuhiro Taki, Hideaki Satoh, Kazuaki Yamada, Maki Yanagida-Iida, Reiko Shimokawa, Kazuyuki Shimada, Chiaki Nishimura
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Omega-1, a glycoprotein secreted by <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> eggs, drives Th2 responses
Authors: Bart Everts, Georgia Perona-Wright, Hermelijn H. Smits, Cornelis H. Hokke, Alwin J. van der Ham, Colin M. Fitzsimmons, Michael J. Doenhoff, Jürgen van der Bosch, Katja Mohrs, Helmut Haas, Markus Mohrs, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Gabriele Schramm
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Soluble egg antigens of the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni egg antigen [SEA]) induce strong Th2 responses both in vitro and in vivo. However, the specific molecules that prime the development of Th2 responses have not been identified. We report that omega-1, a glycoprotein which is secreted from S. mansoni eggs and present in SEA, is capable of conditioning human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro to drive T helper 2 (Th2) polarization with similar characteristics as whole SEA. Furthermore, using IL-4 dual reporter mice, we show that both natural and recombinant omega-1 alone are sufficient to generate Th2 responses in vivo, even in the absence of IL-4R signaling. Finally, omega-1–depleted SEA displays an impaired capacity for Th2 priming in vitro, but not in vivo, suggesting the existence of additional factors within SEA that can compensate for the omega-1–mediated effects. Collectively, we identify omega-1, a single component of SEA, as a potent inducer of Th2 responses.
Sports injuries and illnesses in the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games
Authors: Torbjørn Soligard, Kathrin Steffen, Debbie Palmer-Green, Mark Aubry, Marie-Elaine Grant, Willem Meeuwisse, Margo Mountjoy, Richard Budgett, Lars Engebretsen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Systematic surveillance of injuries and illnesses is the foundation for developing preventive measures in sport.To analyse the injuries and illnesses that occurred during the XXII Olympic Winter Games, held in Sochi in 2014.We recorded the daily occurrence (or non-occurrence) of injuries and illnesses (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) in the polyclinic and medical venues by the Sochi 2014 medical staff.NOC and Sochi 2014 medical staff reported 391 injuries and 249 illnesses among 2780 athletes from 88 NOCs, equalling incidences of 14 injuries and 8.9 illnesses per 100 athletes over an 18-day period of time. Altogether, 12% and 8% of the athletes incurred at least one injury or illness, respectively. The percentage of athletes injured was highest in aerial skiing, snowboard slopestyle, snowboard cross, slopestyle skiing, halfpipe skiing, moguls skiing, alpine skiing, and snowboard halfpipe. Thirty-nine per cent of the injuries were expected to prevent the athlete from participating in competition or training. Women suffered 50% more illnesses than men. The rate of illness was highest in skeleton, short track, curling, cross-country skiing, figure skating, bobsleigh and aerial skiing. A total of 159 illnesses (64%) affected the respiratory system, and the most common cause of illness was infection (n=145, 58%).Overall, 12% of the athletes incurred at least one injury during the games, and 8% an illness, which is similar to prior Olympic Games. The incidence of injuries and illnesses varied substantially between sports.
The pattern of injury in fatal pedal cycle accidents and the possible benefits of cycle helmets.
Authors: A Kennedy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

To establish the number of fatal pedal cycle accidents occurring in the Sheffield and Barnsley area, UK, and to investigate the possible benefits of helmet wearing by cyclists.All medicolegal investigations into fatal road traffic accidents in the areas of Sheffield and Barnsley (total population 757,300) were reviewed to identify cases in which pedal cyclists had died. The necropsy reports of the cases were compared with those of an equal number of controls (pedestrians and motor vehicle occupants) which were matched by sex, age and year of death.28 deaths occurred in the last 15 years giving a mortality of 0.25/100,000 per annum, which is lower than the rate for the UK as a whole (0.43/100,000), but in five cases the accidents which eventually led to death occurred outside the area under study. These deaths represented 3.3% of road traffic deaths between 1979 and 1993. Over 80% of both cases and controls had severe head injuries, but the controls had suffered more fatal injuries to other parts of the body. None of the cyclists had worn helmets and, in order to assess the maximum possible benefit of helmet wearing, it was assumed that a helmet would have saved all those who only had head injuries. It was found that helmets might have saved 14 lives in 15 years. A similar calculation based on the controls suggests that if all pedestrians and vehicle occupants had worn helmets, 175 lives might have been saved in the same period.There is no justification for compelling cyclists to wear helmets without taking steps to improve the safety of all road users.
Biochemical Mechanisms and Pathobiology of α2u-Globulin Nephropathy
Authors: S J Borghoff, B G Short, J A Swenberg
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1990)

alpha 2u-N is a syndrome that has been characterized in male rats exposed to a number of environmental chemicals and pharmacological agents. The chemicals or their metabolites bind to alpha 2u, which is believed to lead to a less digestible chemical-protein complex. Because of the decreased hydrolysis of the chemical-protein complex in the lysosome, alpha 2u accumulates in the form of protein droplets. In extensive nephropathy, the accumulation of alpha 2u in the lysosome results in polyangular crystalloid droplets that lead to lysosomal overload and eventually cell death. This cell death stimulates restorative cell replication which promotes renal carcinogenesis in male rats. As such, it is imperative that extrapolation of risk to humans of chemicals causing this syndrome be performed. Because the nongenotoxic mechanism for carcinogenesis in the male rat involves a unique protein, such extrapolations can only be done incorporating species differences in the critical factors that result in alpha 2u-N in rats. Presently, these data suggest a markedly reduced risk for humans compared to male rats.
Elevation of Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Concentration Reduces Interleukin-1–Induced Expression of E-Selectin in an In Vivo Model of Acute Inflammation
Authors: Gillian W. Cockerill, Tanya Y. Huehns, Arjuna Weerasinghe, Claire Stocker, Peter G. Lerch, Norman E. Miller, Dorian O. Haskard
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Although there is strong evidence that plasma HDL levels correlate inversely with the incidence of coronary artery disease, the precise mechanism(s) for the protective effect of HDLs remains unclear. We recently showed that HDLs inhibit endothelial cell expression of cytokine-induced leukocyte adhesion molecules in vitro. Our study therefore sought to test the hypothesis that elevating the level of circulating HDLs would inhibit endothelial cell activation in vivo.We used a porcine model of inflammation previously established in our laboratory, in which the level of vascular endothelial cell expression of E-selectin in interleukin (IL)-1alpha-induced skin lesions was measured by the uptake of a radiolabeled anti-E-selectin antibody (1.2B6). Porcine plasma HDL levels were elevated by use of a bolus injection of reconstituted discoidal HDL (recHDL). These particles resemble nascent HDL particles in shape and contain apolipoprotein A-I as the sole protein and soybean phosphatidylcholine as the sole phospholipid. We found that recHDLs inhibited the expression of IL-1alpha-induced E-selectin by porcine aortic endothelial cells in vitro, confirming that the inhibitory effect is conserved with synthetic HDLs and demonstrating that the phenomenon is not restricted to human endothelial cells. In vivo, elevating the circulating level of HDLs approximately 2-fold led to significant inhibition of basal and IL-1alpha-induced E-selectin expression by porcine microvascular endothelial cells.These observations demonstrate the potential anti-inflammatory action of HDLs and provide support for the further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of HDLs on endothelial cell activation.