tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Esomeprazole for Treatment of Poorly Controlled Asthma
Authors: The American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Gastroesophageal reflux is common among patients with asthma but often causes mild or no symptoms. It is not known whether treatment of gastroesophageal reflux with proton-pump inhibitors in patients who have poorly controlled asthma without symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux can substantially improve asthma control.In a parallel-group, double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 412 participants with inadequately controlled asthma, despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, and with minimal or no symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux to receive either 40 mg of esomeprazole twice a day or matching placebo. Participants were followed for 24 weeks with the use of daily asthma diaries, spirometry performed once every 4 weeks, and questionnaires that asked about asthma symptoms. We used ambulatory pH monitoring to ascertain the presence or absence of gastroesophageal reflux in the participants. The primary outcome was the rate of episodes of poor asthma control, as assessed on the basis of entries in asthma diaries.Episodes of poor asthma control occurred with similar frequency in the placebo and esomeprazole groups (2.3 and 2.5 events per person-year, respectively; P=0.66). There was no treatment effect with respect to individual components of the episodes of poor asthma control or with respect to secondary outcomes, including pulmonary function, airway reactivity, asthma control, symptom scores, nocturnal awakening, or quality of life. The presence of gastroesophageal reflux, which was documented by pH monitoring in 40% of participants with minimal or no symptoms, did not identify a subgroup of patients that benefited from treatment with proton-pump inhibitors. There were fewer serious adverse events among patients receiving esomeprazole than among those receiving placebo (11 vs. 17).Despite a high prevalence of asymptomatic gastroesophageal reflux among patients with poorly controlled asthma, treatment with proton-pump inhibitors does not improve asthma control. Asymptomatic gastroesophageal reflux is not a likely cause of poorly controlled asthma. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00069823.)
Exclusion of Patients With Kidney Disease From Cardiovascular Trials
Authors: Julie H. Ishida, Kirsten L. Johansen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
L'utilisation de tests rapides dans la surveillance de la grippe : l'expérience Suisse et les recommandations de EISS
Authors: Y Thomas, L Kaiser, W Wunderli
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

La surveillance necessite du temps pour l'analyse des donnees et la communication aupres des medecins. Afin de reduire ce delai, un nouveau systeme de surveillance base sur l'utilisation d'un test rapide a ete evalue. La specificite elevee de ce test et la rapidite d'obtention des resultats en font un outil attractif pour la surveillance des epidemies de grippe en medecine de ville. Une surveillance de ce type a ete realisee dans plusieurs pays dont la Suisse. Les donnees obtenues en Suisse sur quatre saisons differentes - entre 1999 et 2003 - ont ete analysees. L'heterogeneite en termes d'intensite et de types de souches detectees au cours de ces saisons ont permis une evaluation efficace. Compare a la culture cellulaire, le gain moyen de temps avec un test rapide etait de neuf jours. Par ailleurs, la formation des participants a l'utilisation du test s'est averee essentielle pour assurer la qualite d'un tel systeme de surveillance. A l'issue de cette evaluation, une declaration sur l'utilisation des tests rapides dans la surveillance de la grippe a ete soumise et acceptee par les membres de EISS. Parmi les recommandations formulees, celle d'utiliser les donnees de tests rapides, fournissant des informations complementaires a celles des reseaux de surveillance classiques, comme systeme  d'alerte precoce  d'un changement de l'activite grippale.
Absence of infection in asymptomatic contacts of index SARS case in France
Authors: S Le Vu, Y Yazdanpanah, D Bitar, J Emmanuelli, I Bonmarin, J C Desenclos
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

The first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in France was diagnosed in March 2003. We conducted a serological survey to assess whether or not asymptomatic persons who had been in contact with this patient during his infectious stage had been infected. They were interviewed and asked to provide a blood sample for SARS coronavirus immunoglobulin G antibody testing. Despite the likely high infectivity of the SARS patient, no asymptomatic SARS infection was found in any of the 37 contacts included. These findings support a SARS case definition that is essentially based on clinical and epidemiological assessment, should SARS re-emerge.
Association Between Atopic Disease and Anemia in US Children
Authors: Kerry E. Drury, Matt Schaeffer, Jonathan I. Silverberg
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Atopic disease is associated with chronic inflammation, food allergen avoidance, and use of systemic immunosuppressant medications. All these factors have been shown to be associated with anemia.To investigate whether atopic disease is associated with increased risk of childhood anemia.A cross-sectional survey and laboratory assessment were conducted using data from the 1997-2013 US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) that included 207,007 children and adolescents and the 1999-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) that included 30,673 children and adolescents. Analysis of the data was conducted between August 1, 2014, and August 28, 2015.Caregiver-reported history of eczema, asthma, hay fever, and/or food allergy.Anemia was defined by caregiver report in the NHIS and by hemoglobin levels for age and sex in the NHANES.Data were collected on 207,007 children and adolescents from NHIS, representing all pediatric age, sex, racial/ethnic, household educational level, and income groups. The US prevalence was 9.5% (95% CI, 9.4%-9.7%) from all years of the NHIS for health care-diagnosed eczema, 12.8% (95% CI, 12.6%-13.0%) for asthma, 17.1% (95% CI, 16.9%-17.3%) for hay fever, 4.2% (95% CI, 4.1%-4.3%) for food allergy, and 1.1% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.2%) for anemia. In multivariable logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, annual household income, highest educational level in the family, insurance coverage, number of persons in the household, birthplace in the United States, and history of asthma, hay fever, and food allergy, anemia was associated with eczema in 14 of 17 studies, asthma in 11, hay fever in 12, and food allergy in 12. In multivariable analysis across the NHIS (with results reported as adjusted odds ratios [95% CIs]), children with any eczema (1.83; 1.58-2.13), asthma (1.31; 1.14-1.51), hay fever (1.57; 1.36-1.81), and food allergy (2.08; 1.71-2.52) had higher odds of anemia (P < .001 for all). In the NHANES, current history of asthma (1.33; 1.04-1.70; P = .02) and eczema (1.93; 1.04-3.59; P = .04) were associated with higher odds of anemia, particularly microcytic anemia (asthma: 1.61; 1.09-2.38; P = .02; eczema: 2.03; 1.20-3.46; P = .009) while history of hay fever was not associated with anemia (0.85; 0.62-1.17; P = .33).The association between atopic disease and anemia was reproducible in multiple cohorts. Future studies are needed to identify the determinants of association between atopic disease and anemia.
AN ANTIVIRAL SUBSTANCE FROM PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM
Authors: Richard E. Shope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

A culture of P. funiculosum isolated on Guam proved capable of elaborating a substance which exerted a favorable therapeutic effect against swine influenza virus infections in white mice. The culture was extremely variable and irregular in its production of the antiviral substance, and during maintenance in the laboratory for several years gradually lost this property. Efforts to restore it were unsuccessful. Subsequently it was found that the mold elaborated a substance, now designated helenine, which is therapeutically effective against Columbia SK encephalomyelitis virus infections in mice. Helenine appears to differ from the substance earlier procured from the mold, which was active against swine influenza virus infections in mice. It is frequently present in greater or lesser amount in the fluid portions of stationary cultures of P. funiculosum but is more regularly obtained and in larger amount, from the cellular components of the pellicles. When liberated from these latter by mechanical bruising and fracturing, it goes into solution in the culture fluids. It is precipitable from aqueous solution by 50 per cent acetone. Infected mice injected with helenine in amounts less than the amount which produces a maximal therapeutic effect exhibit a dosage response. Increasing the dose above the optimum fails to increase the therapeutic effect. Helenine exerts its maximum effect when given within the first 10 hours after viral infection but its influence is apparent even when treatment is delayed for up to 24 hours. It is not effective against massive amounts of virus and gives the best therapeutic results when used in the treatment of animals infected with from 10 to 1000 fatal doses of virus. Treatment of infected mice with helenine delays the entrance of virus into their brains for from 24 to 48 hours. The mechanism by which helenine exerts its therapeutic effect against SK virus is not known but the findings presented suggest either that it causes an inhibition or interruption of multiplication of the virus, slowing down the whole process of infection and spread to the central nervous system, or that in some way it interferes temporarily with the neuroinvasiveness of the virus.
Weaning from inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: the evidence
Authors: Samy Suissa, Andrea Rossi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

The use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been widely debated [1–3]. Treatment guidelines have suggested that their prescription be limited to COPD patients with severe airflow limitation at high risk of exacerbations, who remain symptomatic after regular use of one or two long-acting bronchodilators [4]. Nevertheless, ICS have been used widely, with recent trials observing that over 70% of COPD patients were treated with ICS at the time of enrolment. Evidence is mounting that such extensive use of ICS is discrepant with COPD treatment guidelines and may be inappropriate in a subset of these users [5, 6]. Much inappropriate use of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD can be safely replaced with long-acting bronchodilators <http://ow.ly/QvMRd>
RORgamma agonists enhance survival and memory of type 17 T cells and improve anti-tumor activity
Authors: Xiao Hu, Jacques Moisan, Kinga Majchrzak, Chuck Lesch, Yahong Wang, Brian Sanchez, Xikui Liu, Rodney Morgan, David Mertz, Dick Bousley, Chad van Huis, Don Skalitzky, Clarke Taylor, Thomas Aicher, Peter Toogood, Weiping Zou, Gary Glick, Chrystal Paulos, Laura Carter
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Enhancing tumor-directed immune responses has emerged as an important therapeutic approach to many cancers. Th17/Tc17 cells can mediate robust anti-tumor responses in rodent models and are associated with improved prognosis in some human cancers. RORgt is the key transcription
The Polycystin-1, Lipoxygenase, and α-Toxin Domain Regulates Polycystin-1 Trafficking
Authors: Yaoxian Xu, Andrew J. Streets, Andrea M. Hounslow, Uyen Tran, Frederic Jean-Alphonse, Andrew J. Needham, Jean-Pierre Vilardaga, Oliver Wessely, Michael P. Williamson, Albert C.M. Ong
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Mutations in polycystin-1 (PC1) give rise to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, an important and common cause of kidney failure. Despite its medical importance, the function of PC1 remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of the intracellular polycystin-1, lipoxygenase, and α-toxin (PLAT) signature domain of PC1 using nuclear magnetic resonance, biochemical, cellular, and in vivo functional approaches. We found that the PLAT domain targets PC1 to the plasma membrane in polarized epithelial cells by a mechanism involving the selective binding of the PLAT domain to phosphatidylserine and L-α-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) enriched in the plasma membrane. This process is regulated by protein kinase A phosphorylation of the PLAT domain, which reduces PI4P binding and recruits β-arrestins and the clathrin adaptor AP2 to trigger PC1 internalization. Our results reveal a physiological role for the PC1-PLAT domain in renal epithelial cells and suggest that phosphorylation-dependent internalization of PC1 is closely linked to its function in renal development and homeostasis.
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Mitochondrial DNA and Its Autoantibody in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and a Proof‐of‐Concept Trial of Metformin
Authors: Haiting Wang, Ting Li, Sheng Chen, Yueying Gu, Shuang Ye
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been shown to play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis by activating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and the type I interferon (IFN) pathway. NETs composed of self-DNA are considered to be of nuclear origin and are a major source of anti-DNA autoantibody generation. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) resides in NETs, to evaluate whether mtDNA and anti-mtDNA antibodies cause dysregulation of the PDC-IFNα pathway, and to investigate the clinical implication in SLE.Patients with SLE (n = 102), patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 30), and healthy donors (n = 40) were enrolled in in vitro studies. NETs were generated from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated peripheral neutrophils. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect NET formation ex vivo and in lupus nephritis renal biopsy samples. The mtDNA levels and type I IFN-inducible gene scores were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Anti-mtDNA antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, and IFNα were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Purified PDCs were stimulated by isolated NETs, mtDNA, or dsDNA, combined with anti-mtDNA or dsDNA IgG, or other culture conditions. Additional patients with SLE (n = 113) were enrolled in a proof-of-concept trial. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of metformin on a background of corticosteroids and conventional immunosuppressive agents in patients with mild or moderate lupus. The primary end point was the efficacy of metformin for reducing disease flare.We detected mtDNA in NETs, and anti-mtDNA antibody levels were elevated in SLE patients compared with controls and significantly correlated with IFN scores and the disease activity index. The presence of anti-mtDNA antibodies was disproportionately associated with lupus nephritis, and correlated better than anti-dsDNA antibody levels with the lupus nephritis activity index. Mitochondrial DNA was deposited in NETs in lupus nephritis renal biopsy specimens. In addition, mtDNA/anti-mtDNA were greater inducers of PDC IFNα production via Toll-like receptor engagement than dsDNA/anti-dsDNA. We assessed the effect of metformin on down-regulating the NET mtDNA-PDC-IFNα pathway. Metformin decreased PMA-induced NET formation and CpG-stimulated PDC IFNα generation. A proof-of-concept trial of metformin add-on treatment of mild or moderate SLE resulted in decreases in clinical flares, prednisone exposure, and body weight.Our findings establish a link between mtDNA in NETs, anti-mtDNA antibodies, and PDC IFNα pathogenesis in SLE, and highlight that specific strategies to down-regulate this pathway, such as treatment with metformin, may be new approaches to treat SLE.
Melatonin Supplementation for Children With Atopic Dermatitis and Sleep Disturbance
Authors: Yung-Sen Chang, Ming-Hung Lin, Jyh-Hong Lee, Pei-Lin Lee, Yang-Shia Dai, Kuan-Hua Chu, Chi Sun, Yu-Tsan Lin, Li-Chieh Wang, Hsin-Hui Yu, Yao-Hsu Yang, Chun-An Chen, Kong-Sang Wan, Bor-Luen Chiang
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Sleep disturbance is common in children with atopic dermatitis (AD), but effective clinical management for this problem is lacking. Reduced levels of nocturnal melatonin were found to be associated with sleep disturbance and increased disease severity in children with AD. Melatonin also has sleep-inducing and anti-inflammatory properties and therefore might be useful for the management of AD. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the effectiveness of melatonin supplementation for improving the sleep disturbance and severity of disease in children with AD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This randomized clinical trial used a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design to study 73 children and adolescents aged 1 to 18 years with physician-diagnosed AD involving at least 5% of the total body surface area. The study was conducted at the pediatric department of a large tertiary care hospital in Taiwan from August 1, 2012, through January 31, 2013. Forty-eight children were randomized 1:1 to melatonin or placebo treatment, and 38 of these (79%) completed the cross-over period of the trial. Final follow-up occurred on April 13, 2013, and data were analyzed from January 27 to April 25, 2014. Analyses were based on intention to treat. <h3>Interventions</h3> Melatonin, 3 mg/d, or placebo for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week washout period and then crossover to the alternate treatment for 4 weeks. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was AD severity evaluated using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, with scores ranging from 0 to 103 and greater scores indicating worse symptoms. Secondary outcomes included sleep variables measured by actigraphy, subjective change in sleep and dermatitis, sleep variables measured by polysomnography, nocturnal urinary levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, and serum IgE levels. <h3>Results</h3> After melatonin treatment among the 48 children included in the study, the SCORAD index decreased by 9.1 compared with after placebo (95% CI, −13.7 to −4.6;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), from a mean (SD) of 49.1 (24.3) to 40.2 (20.9). Moreover, the sleep-onset latency shortened by 21.4 minutes after melatonin treatment compared with after placebo (95% CI, −38.6 to −4.2;<i>P</i> = .02). The improvement in the SCORAD index did not correlate significantly with the change in sleep-onset latency (<i>r</i> = −0.04;<i>P</i> = .85). No patient withdrew owing to adverse events, and no adverse event was reported throughout the study. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Melatonin supplementation is a safe and effective way to improve the sleep-onset latency and disease severity in children with AD. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01638234
Low cost delivery of proteins bioencapsulated in plant cells to human non-immune or immune modulatory cells
Authors: Yuhong Xiao, Kwang-Chul Kwon, Brad E. Hoffman, Aditya Kamesh, Noah T. Jones, Roland W. Herzog, Henry Daniell
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)

Targeted oral delivery of GFP fused with a GM1 receptor binding protein (CTB) or human cell penetrating peptide (PTD) or dendritic cell peptide (DCpep) was investigated. Presence of GFP+ intact plant cells between villi of ileum confirm their protection in the digestive system from acids/enzymes. Efficient delivery of GFP to gut-epithelial cells by PTD or CTB and to M cells by all these fusion tags confirm uptake of GFP in the small intestine. PTD fusion delivered GFP more efficiently to most tissues or organs than the other two tags. GFP was efficiently delivered to the liver by all fusion tags, likely through the gut–liver axis. In confocal imaging studies of human cell lines using purified GFP fused with different tags, GFP signal of DCpep-GFP was only detected within dendritic cells. PTD-GFP was only detected within kidney or pancreatic cells but not in immune modulatory cells (macrophages, dendritic, T, B, or mast cells). In contrast, CTB-GFP was detected in all tested cell types, confirming ubiquitous presence of GM1 receptors. Such low-cost oral delivery of protein drugs to sera, immune system or non-immune cells should dramatically lower their cost by elimination of prohibitively expensive fermentation, protein purification cold storage/transportation and increase patient compliance.
Porta Hepatis Mass
Authors: Steve M. Niemiec, Joseph M. Vinetz, Jason K. Sicklick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Effects of Immunonutrition for Cystectomy on Immune Response and Infection Rates: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Jill M. Hamilton-Reeves, Misty D. Bechtel, Lauren K. Hand, Amy Schleper, Thomas M. Yankee, Prabhakar Chalise, Eugene K. Lee, Moben Mirza, Hadley Wyre, Joshua Griffin, Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein
Journal: European Urology (2015)