tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Long-Term Exposure to 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, to 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, and to the Two Chemicals Combined on CF-1 Mice
Authors: L. Tomatis, V. Turusov, R. T. Charles, M. Boicchi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Effect of Long-Term Exposure to 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, to 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, and to the Two Chemicals Combined on CF-1 Mice Get access L. Tomatis, L. Tomatis 2International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. Turusov, V. Turusov 2International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. T. Charles, R. T. Charles 2International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Boicchi M. Boicchi 3Instituto Nazionale per 10 Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 3, March 1974, Pages 883–891, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.3.883 Published: 01 March 1974 Article history Received: 29 August 1973 Accepted: 29 October 1973 Published: 01 March 1974
The association of lung cancer and single nucleotide polymorphisms in codon 178 and the first intron of the DNA repair gene O-6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase
Authors: P A Crosbie, G Mcgown, M Thorncroft, P N O'Donnell, S Lewis, K Harrison, R Agius, M Santibanez-Koref, G Margison, A Povey, P V Barber
Journal: Thorax (2007)
Modulation of Cell Surface Antigens Induced by 12-&lt;italic&gt;O&lt;/italic&gt;-Tetradecanoyl-Phorbol 13-Acetate in Two Myeloblastic Cell Lines, a Promyelocytic Cell Line, and a Monoblastic Cell Line: Detection With Five Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: T Sugimoto, E Tatsumi, K Takeda, K Minato, K Sagawa, J Minowada
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The modulation of cell surface antigens in 2 myeloblastic cell lines (ML-1 and KG-1), a promyelocytic cell line (HL-60), and a monoblastic cell line (THP-1-0) by the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate [(TPA) CAS: 16561-29-8] was investigated by indirect membrane immunofluorescence with the use of three monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) (OKM-1, 63D3, and MCS-2) reacting with myeloid-monocyte antigens (expressed by cells of both granulocyte and monocyte lineages) and two MoAb (1/12/13 and MCS-1) reacting with myeloid antigens (expressed by cells of the granulocyte lineage). Functionally mature macrophage properties, such as adherence, morphologic character, and phagocytosis, were induced by the presence of TPA in each of the cell lines except for adherence in the HL-60 cells. After 3 days in culture, the expression of the OKM-1-defined antigen was markedly augmented in all 4 cell lines. The expression of the 63D3-defined antigen was also markedly augmented in the ML-1, KG-1, and THP-1-0 cells, but it was not significantly altered in the HL-60 cells. The MCS-2-defined antigen was amplified in expression in the ML-1 and HL-60 cells, but it showed minimum decrease in the KG-1 and THP-1-0 cells. The MCS-1-defined antigen expression was suppressed in ML-1, HL-60, and THP-1-0 but was enhanced in KG-1. The suppressed expression of My-1 antigen (detected by the MoAb 1/12/13) was noted in all 4 cell lines. Thus in the ML-1 cells, expression of the myeloid-monocyte antigens was augmented, whereas myeloid antigen expression was inhibited in the presence of TPA, a result that parallels antigenic expression in terminal macrophage differentiation. The trend was true, except for the 4 cell line-antigen combinations (MCS-2-defined antigen and MCS-1-defined antigen in KG-1, 63D3-defined antigen in HL-60, and MCS-2-defined antigen in THP-1-0). The heterogeneous attitude of some antigens to TPA found in these cell lines may result from the fact that they represent different points in the myeloid-monocyte differentiation scheme.
Seven day services: how are trusts doing against Keogh’s clinical standards?
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Some trusts are already meeting the top four clinical standards outlined by national medical director Bruce Keogh and NHS England. Anne Gulland reports

As part of the implementation of seven day services, hospital trusts are expected to meet 10 clinical standards. The standards were drawn up by the national medical director, Bruce Keogh, and his colleagues at NHS England in 2013, informed by an Academy of Medical Royal Colleges report published in 2012.1 2

Trusts are expected to meet four priority standards by the end of this financial year. The standards are:

In a brief snapshot of how trusts were performing around the country, The BMJ found that many were already meeting these standards.

For example, James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in Norfolk was one of NHS England’s 13 “early adopter” pilot sites for seven day working, and it …
The Multistage Theory of Carcinogenesis and the Age Distribution of Cancer in Man2
Authors: Suresh H. Moolgavkar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article The Multistage Theory of Carcinogenesis and the Age Distribution of Cancer in Man Get access Suresh H. Moolgavkar Suresh H. Moolgavkar 3The Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 19111. 4I am indebted to Dr. Charles DeLisi, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md., and to Mr. Richard Stevens, The Fox Chase Cancer Center fnr usefull discussions Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 1, July 1978, Pages 49–52, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.1.49 Published: 01 July 1978 Article history Received: 23 August 1977 Accepted: 02 February 1978 Published: 01 July 1978
Response to Plakun: Addressing Differential Susceptibility With Regard to Gene-Environment Interaction in Youth Depression
Authors: Thiago Botter-Maio Rocha, Luis Augusto Rohde, Christian Kieling
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

which closely replicates the 2003 study by Caspi et al. ( 2) of the connection between serotonin-transporterlinked polymorphisms and depression in the context of childhood maltreatment.I wish to bring attention to one of the replicated findings that Rocha and colleagues note only in passing and whose implications they overlook.The authors' principal focus is on reporting their replication of the finding in Caspi's study that individuals with homozygous short alleles, compared with individuals with homozygous long alleles, are at an increased risk of depression in the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment.However, an equally noteworthy finding in Caspi's study and in Rocha's replication is that individuals with homozygous short alleles are also at the lowest risk of depression in the absence of childhood maltreatment-even lower than the risk among those with homozygous long alleles.Rocha and colleagues note this in passing on page 984 without emphasizing the heuristic importance of this replicated finding.As Belsky et al.(3) noted in their comments on Caspi's study, this interesting finding suggests that, in our focus on genes that confer "vulnerability" in the face of adverse environmental experience, we are at risk of overlooking the way genes may actually confer not "vulnerability" but "plasticity" in response to good and bad environmental experience.Other investigations (4, 5) have made similar observations of this kind of "differential susceptibility" related to serotonintransporter-linked polymorphisms in depression, bipolar disorder, and suicide.A single-minded focus on a model of vulnerability to disease states may lead us to overlook the merits of a plasticity model; that is, of genes conferring greater responsiveness to both adverse and nonadverse environmental experience.The plasticity model may well prove to be a more accurate and useful heuristic model as we work to deepen our understanding of the interactions between genes and environment and how they relate to disease and to resilience.
What happens to men with prostate cancer whose PSA starts to rise while on neo-adjuvant androgen ablation therapy prior to external radiation?
Authors: P. G. Niblock, T. Pickles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4644 Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of a rising PSA after an initial response while on neo-adjuvant androgen ablation (NAAA) prior to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer. Methods: Between January 1995 and June 2000, from a prospectively collected database of 858 patients, we identified 183 patients who received between 3 and 12 months of NAAA prior to definitive EBRT and who had at least three PSA readings during this time. 151 (82.5%) had PSA values which continued to fall (Group 1) but 32 patients (17.5%) had a PSA that started to rise, after an initial fall (Group 2). A rise was defined as a PSA above the previous level, of magnitude at least 2 standard deviations greater than the assay sensitivity. The two groups were compared using Mann Whitney U and Pearson Chi squared tests. Kaplan-Meier and Log Rank analyses were performed for biochemical failure (bNED, using the Houston criterion), cause-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of radiation dose (68Gy), duration of hormonal therapy, T stage, Gleason score or risk group stratification. Base-line PSA, prior to any treatment, was significantly higher in Group 2 (median 21 v 13, p=0.017) and men in this group were 2.5 years younger (p= 0.02). The era of treatment was the same for both groups and the median follow-up was 63.5 months for Group 1 and 50 months for Group 2. Patients who sustained a PSA rise during the NAAA period had an increased incidence of PSA relapse (bNED 41% v 57% at 7 years, p=0.018), a trend towards poorer CSS (7 year rate 79% v 88%, p=0.091), and poorer overall survival (66% v 81%, p=0.037 at 7 years). Conclusions: A subset of patients treated with NAAA prior to EBRT develop a rising PSA profile that may represent androgen resistance. This is associated with a significantly worse outcome. PSA monitoring during the NA period is recommended. Such men may benefit from intensification of therapy and/or experimental intervention such as clustering anti-sense oligonucleotide therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Women in psychiatry: a review
Authors: N A Roeske
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

Throughout the world, psychiatry is in a period of accelerated transition. In each nation the role of women in psychiatry, and the role of psychiatry in the lives of women, reflect one aspect of the development of egalitarianism. Women psychiatrists have perennially been confronted with conflicts between their professional and private life responsibilities. Internationally, the external and internal factors that prohibit or limit women's personal development and vocational participation are being scrutinized. American psychiatry is proving to be a pioneer among medical specialities in this area.
Metabolic Characteristics of Cells Infected With a Herpesvirus of Turkeys 2 3
Authors: John D. Ware, William J. Bellini, Ronald J. Ash
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with the nononcogenic herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) displayed an increased rate of glucose uptake, a pronounced alteration of the pH of the medium, and an increased production of lactic acid when compared to mock-infected cultures. Objective estimates of cytopathology (quantifiable neutral red uptake and cell protein determination) showed that cell deterioration was a slow process in HVT-infected cells when compared to infection by herpes simplex virus. Experiments with irradiated host cells demonstrated that HVT required functional cell DNA for replication. The inactivation of the necessary host cell function displayed multihit kinetics. In agreement with data on other herpesviruses, HVT damaged by UV light could be photoreactivated in chick cells. The results indicate that HVT shares biologic properties in common with other herpes and transforming viruses.
A Colon Cancer Cell Line (LIM1215) Derived From a Patient With Inherited Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R H Whitehead, F A Macrae, D J St John, J Ma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

A new human colon cancer cell line (LIM1215) has been derived from a tumor arising in a member of a family known to have a high incidence of colorectal cancer. The tumor cell line is comprised of small pleomorphic cells that clone in liquid medium and form tumors in immunosuppressed mice. Ultrastructurally, the cells are capable of differentiation, with cells with multiple microvilli and cells resembling goblet cells being present in the one culture. The cells are pseudodiploid and contain a 13p+ marker chromosome.
P27 Neutrophil dysfunction: the missing link between ammonia, infection and hepatic encephalopathy?
Authors: N Taylor, A Nishtala, F Lin, R D Abeles, J O'Grady, J Wendon, Y Ma, D Shawcross
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  Neutrophil phagocytic dysfunction is associated with increased risk of infection and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. The p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway is a critical step in neutrophil activation and is modulated by chemokines, ammonia and endotoxaemia.  Aim  This longitudinal study aims to characterise the relationship between neutrophil function and volume, plasma cytokine profile and ammonia, in order to assess neutrophil function as a biomarker of susceptibility to infection and contributor to the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in cirrhosis.  Method  Neutrophils were isolated at baseline, following the development of HE, and post-LT, from a cohort of 75 patients with cirrhosis and controls during an 18-month follow-up period. Phagocytosis was analysed by flow cytometry using FITC-labelled  E. coli  and oxidative burst (OB) was determined by the percentage of neutrophils producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) at rest and after stimulation with opsonised  E. coli . Neutrophil volume was measured using flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. Clinical data, blood biochemistry, arterial ammonia and microbial cultures were collected prospectively. Analysis of stimulated neutrophil intracellular cytokine production, plasma cytokine profile and neutrophil basal levels of phosphorylated P38-MAPK were performed.  Results  At baseline patients had a median age of 54 (44–62), 31% were female, 43% were on antibiotics. Median MELD score was 17 (12–22). During follow-up nine patients developed overt grade 2–4 HE, 12 patients underwent LT and nine died. Neutrophil phagocytic capacity was significantly impaired in patients with advanced cirrhosis (p=0.001) and was associated with a 20% increase in neutrophil volume. In those who underwent uncomplicated LT, neutrophil phagocytic capacity improved by 15% within 72 h. Phagocytic impairment correlated with increasing plasma concentrations of CRP*, ammonia*, IgG**, proinflammatory cytokines TNF-*, IL-6* and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10* (*p  Conclusion  Phagocytic dysfunction is universal in patients with cirrhosis and is related in part to the development of ammonia-induced neutrophil swelling, which is reversible following LT. Increasing levels of endotoxin and/or ammonia leading to neutrophil activation via the p38-MAPK pathway and resultant generation of ROS may prove the link between neutrophils, ammonia and infection in the development of HE in cirrhosis.
Effect of Propranolol, Quinidine and Lidocaine on "Spike" and "Plateau" Potentials of Canine Ventricular Muscle
Authors: Takao Inagaki
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Among the antiarrhythmic agents in current use, quinidine, procainamide and related compounds are capable of causing a shift, to the right, to the S-shaped curve (Weidmann curve) that related maximum rate of rise (MMR), or overshoot, of the cardiac muscle action potential to the resting potential (RP). This  so-called membrane stabilizing effect, is considered to be chiefly responsible for the antiarrhythmic actions intrinsic to these agents. On the other hand, lidocaine, another antiarrhythmic agent, is said to differ considerably in its electrophysiological properties from quinidine-like substances; lidocaine was found to increase the duration of the absolute refractory period relative to the total duration of the action potential. Evidences are accumulating recently in favor of a concept that the upstroke of the cardiac muscle action potential is composed of two distinct components, i.e., rapid initial rising phase and slow rising phase. The rapid rising phase is probably due to a rapid inflow of sodium ions into the cell and the end-point of the rapid rising phase has been termed the spike potential. Slow rising phase is probably due partly to slow inflow of calcium ions and partly to the decaying portion of the once very fast inflow of sodium ions. It is also becoming more and more evident that the slow inward flow of calcium ions is an important constituent of the plateau phase of the ventricular muscle action potential. In view of these new knowledges, what has been termed overshoot in the past may mean either the spike potential or the peak of the plateau potential. Therefore. there is an need of re-evaluating the past studies where antiarrhythmic agents and other compounds were examined for their effects on overshoot, among other things. In the present study, the influence of a series of antiarrhythmic agents, propranolol, quinidine and lidocaine, were examined for their effects on action potentials of dog's ventricular muscle fibers, with special emphasis on the spike and plateau potentials and for the formation of plateau phase, studies were made also of the spike-plateau-relationship, plotting plateau potential in ordinate and spike potential in abscissa with and without these antiarrhythmic agents. Description of these new factual informations is the purpose of this paper.
Staphylococcus aureus–derived lipoteichoic acid induces temporary T-cell paralysis independent of Toll-like receptor 2
Authors: Susanne Kaesler, Yuliya Skabytska, Ko-Ming Chen, Wolfgang E. Kempf, Thomas Volz, Martin Köberle, Florian Wölbing, Ulrike Hein, Thomas Hartung, Carsten Kirschning, Martin Röcken, Tilo Biedermann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Isolation of Mycoplasma From Leukemic and Nonleukemic Patients&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: William H. Murphy, Ph.D., C. Bullis, M.S., L. Dabich, M.D., R. Heyn, M.D., C. J. D. Zarafonetis, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

A study was made of the relative effectiveness of various methods for isolating Mycoplasma spp (mycoplasma) from clinical specimens obtained from leukemic and nonleukemic patients. From 1,950 specimens, 71 strains of mycoplasma were isolated. Twenty-seven strains were isolated directly on artificial media. Various basal media, with and without various additives, were tested for their capacity to grow mycoplasma from clinical specimens. None of the commonly used media containing fresh yeast extract were clearly superior or inferior to others. Cell culture methods were about fourfold more effective than direct bacteriologic methods. The combined use of fresh specimens, direct bacteriologic, and cell culture methods for isolating mycoplasma gave an overall frequency of recovery of about 3%. In general, bone marrow specimens were positive less frequently than peripheral blood specimens. Mycoplasma were isolated more frequently from children than from adults. Specimens from leukemic children at diagnosis, or when disease was in relapse, were positive most frequently. Specimens from children with nonlymphoid malignancies or blood dyscrasias also were positive frequently. Drugs used for the chemotherapy of leukemia did not prevent isolation of mycoplasma from clinical specimens. The evidence from this study suggests that mycoplasma, normally inhabiting the mucous membranes, enter the bloodstream and either persist or multiply in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, or other diseases which depress immunity. Mycoplasma do not appear to be significant as a prime etiologic agent.
Gemcitabine with Cisplatin or Paclitaxel in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: X. Hu, B. Xu, L. Cai, Z. Wang, B. Wang, J. Zhang, Y. Teng, Z. Tong, Y. Pan, Y. Yin, C. Wu, Z. Jiang, X. Wang, G. Lou, D. Liu, J. Feng, J. Luo, J. Wu, Z. Shao
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Determining Compliance With a Dietary Fiber Supplement&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J A Marlett, R Balasubramanian, E J Johnson, N R Draper
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate possible ways to determine compliance with a dietary fiber supplement. A wheat bran supplement (30 g daily) significantly increased mean daily wet and dry stool weights (SW) in 7 adults, when compared to SW during an ad libitum low-fiber diet (paired t-test, P less than .01). Because unpaired data would be used during a clinical trial, distribution of the 7 ad libitum low-fiber mean SW observations was used to establish a reference distribution and an upper confidence limit against which the bran supplement SW could be compared. Only one of the seven bran supplement mean SW was above the confidence limit of the low-fiber period, independent of the number of days of collection (2-10) used to calculate the individual mean daily SW. Total fecal output over varying periods of time (2-10 days) suffered the same intersubject and intrasubject variability. Most (5-6) of the bran mean daily SW were above the group mean SW of the low-fiber period. However, this dose of bran was large enough to significantly decrease calcium absorption, and differences in SW produced by lower doses of wheat bran would probably not be as great. The bulk (greater than or equal to 80%) of a single dose of a fecal marker, chromium sesquioxide, which could be incorporated into a specific day's fiber supplement, was recovered in 5 days of excretion during the control period and in 4 days during the bran period. However, the blue color of the chromium before ingestion is clearly a negative feature. Another marker, polyethylene glycol, could not be recovered in excreta when transient time was 4 days or more. In a separate study, demonstration of very little overlap in the concentration of fecal neutral detergent fiber between the control and bran periods suggests that fecal fiber may be a marker of compliance with a fiber supplement.
Increased susceptibility to lymphokine activated killer (LAK) lysis of relapsing vs. newly diagnosed acute leukemic cells without changes in drug resistance or in the expression of adhesion molecules
Authors: F. Arienti, C. Gambacorti-Passerini, L. Borin, L. Rivoltini, A. Orazi, E.M. Pogliani, G. Corneo, G. Parmiani
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1992)