tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Study of Anxiety Disorder and Depression in Long-Term Survivors of Testicular Cancer
Authors: Alv A. Dahl, Carl Fredrik Haaland, Arnstein Mykletun, Roy Bremnes, Olav Dahl, Olbjørn Klepp, Erik Wist, Sophie D. Fosså
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To increase our knowledge of the prevalence of anxiety disorder and depression in long-term testicular cancer survivors (TCSs), and to identify variables associated with such caseness.Participants were 1,408 TCSs treated between 1980 and 1994 in Norway. Participants provided information about their medical, social, and familial situation on a questionnaire. They also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Anxiety disorder and depression were defined by a score >/= 8 on the HADS subscales. The prevalence rates were compared with age-adjusted norm data.HADS-defined anxiety disorder was more prevalent in TCSs (19.2%; 95% CI, 17.2% to 21.3%) than in the norm sample (13.5%; 95% CI, 13.1% to 13.9%; P < .001), whereas the prevalence of HADS-defined depression did not differ from the norm (TCSs, 9.7%; 95% CI, 8.1% to 11.2% v norm, 10.1%, 95% CI, 9.5 to 10.5; P = .56). The relative risk for anxiety disorder was 1.49 (95% CI, 1.31 to 1.69) and for depression the relative risk was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.81 to 1.14) in TCSs compared with norm. In multivariate analyses, HADS-defined anxiety disorder in TCSs was associated with young age, peripheral neuropathy, economic problems, alcohol problems, sexual problems, relapse anxiety, and having been treated for mental problems.Long-term TCSs have an increased risk of HADS-defined anxiety disorder that warrants clinical attention. Checking easily available demographic and TC-related data and use of a simple screening test such as HADS assists the identification of TCSs with anxiety disorder.
New aspects in ultrasound-guided compression repair of postcatheterization femoral artery injuries.
Authors: F Schaub, W Theiss, M Heinz, M Zagel, A Schömig
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to expand the understanding of ultrasound-guided compression repair (UGCR) of postcatheterization femoral artery injuries. METHODS AND RESULTS In a series of 62 patients with pseudoaneurysms (n = 53) or arteriovenous (AV) fistulas (n = 9), UGCR was performed as a nonsurgical method in the treatment of postcatheterization femoral artery injuries. When the communicating channel could be visualized (43 cases), pressure was focused on it; otherwise (10 cases) the extraluminal cavity itself was compressed. In 45 cases, the elimination of flow in the pseudoaneurysm and/or the communicating channel could be achieved only with simultaneous temporary complete occlusion of the femoral artery. UGCR was successfully performed in 25 of 27 cases of false aneurysms (93%) in patients without anticoagulation and in 14 of 26 patients (54%) on anticoagulants. Three of 9 AV fistulas could be repaired by this method. No apparent correlation could be found between the therapeutic success and the size of the pseudoaneurysm or the age of the lesion. CONCLUSIONS In patients on anticoagulants and in patients with AV fistulas, the detection of a communicating channel that could be obliterated by direct mechanical compression was discerned as a discriminant factor of success.
ERS position paper: work-related respiratory diseases in the EU
Authors: T. Sigsgaard, D. Nowak, I. Annesi-Maesano, B. Nemery, K. Torén, G. Viegi, K. Radon, S. Burge, D. Heederik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

According to a 2000 estimate based on workforce data and the CAREX (Carcinogen Exposure) database 1 there were 386,000 deaths worldwide due to non-cancer respiratory diseases (asthma: 38,000; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): 318,000; pneumoconioses: 30,000) and nearly 6.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (asthma: 1,621,000; COPD: 3,733,000; pneumoconioses: 1,288,000) attributable to occupational exposure to airborne particulates. The same figures for Europe were 52,700 deaths (asthma: 6,200; COPD: 39,300; pneumoconioses: 7,200) and 868,000 DALYs (asthma: 139,000; COPD: 468,000; pneumoconioses: 261,000). Respiratory diseases rank as the third most prevalent occupational disease category (after ergonomic and stress-related diseases) according to a survey of occupational diseases in the European Union (EU). The prevalence of respiratory diseases was 296 per 100,000 population, with the highest proportion found in the mining industry. This amounts to almost 600,000 persons in the former 15 member states. Many of these diseases, though induced while working, are chronic, thus explaining the highest prevalence among older workers (0.5% aged 55–64 yrs).

Traditional high-risk occupations, such as mining, farming, manufacturing and service work ( e.g. hairdressers), are among the professions with a high prevalence of occupational lung diseases. However, high rates of occupational lung disease are also seen in newer professions, such as public administration, education 2 and occupational cleaning; the latter could be a reflection of problems related to new cleaning procedures, as found by the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) 3, or to problems with indoor air in public spaces.

The pneumoconioses induced by exposure to mineral and other dusts at high concentrations were the dominating occupational lung diseases in the early industrialisation era. Their prevalence has been decreasing during the past decades. At the same time the obstructive lung diseases have gained increased importance, first because these diseases are widespread in the population, hence even small occupational contributions …
Role of ATP dependent potassium channels in myocardial ischaemia
Authors: G. J Gross, J. A Auchampach
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Recently, a class of potassium (K) channels has been discovered which are regulated by the intracellular level of ATP. These channels have been termed ATP dependent K channels (KATP) and have been found to exist in the heart, skeletal muscle, pancreatic β cells, brain, and smooth muscle. In this article, we discuss the function of the KATP channel in the ischaemic myocardium and present evidence to suggest that activation of these channels may, on the one hand, result in a marked cardioprotective effect from reversible or irreversible electrical, functional or biochemical damage or, on the other hand, have the potential to produce electrical instability and a proarrhythmic effect. The therapeutic potential of potassium channel modulators is also discussed. Cardiovascular Research 1992;26:1011-1016
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: GERRY LIGTENBERG, RONALD J. HENÉ, PETER J. BLANKESTIJN, HEIN A. KOOMANS
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. The hypertensive and hyperlipidemic effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) may contribute to the high cardiovascular morbidity in renal transplant patients and to the development of chronic transplant nephropathy. Tacrolimus is reported to have less effect on BP and lipids, but steroids, other drugs, and renal function may confound this. This study assessed 24-h BP and lipid profile in stable renal transplant recipients ( n = 17) while they were receiving CsA, after 4 wk of receiving tacrolimus, and again after 4 wk of receiving CsA. Antihypertensives were stopped at least 3 wk before. A few patients used low-dose steroids and lipid-lowering drugs, which were not changed during the study. Mean daytime BP decreased from 149 ± 12 and 95 ± 8 mmHg to 138 ± 13 and 87 ± 9 mmHg ( P &lt; 0.001) after patients were switched to tacrolimus. Mean nighttime BP also decreased, from 140 ± 12/86 ± 7 mmHg to 132 ± 17/79 ± 10 mmHg ( P &lt; 0.05). Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased from 6.1 ± 0.7 and 3.84 ± 0.79 mmol/L to 5.1 ± 0.8 and 2.98 ± 0.75 mmol/L ( P &lt; 0.001). Return to CsA caused an increase in BP and cholesterol to values similar as during the first CsA period. The conclusion is that tacrolimus has fewer unfavorable effects on BP and lipids than does CsA. Elective conversion from CsA to tacrolimus in stable renal transplant recipients may lead to attenuation of cardiovascular morbidity and chronic transplant nephropathy in the long term.
Measuring Diabetes Self-Care
Authors: Katie Weinger, Heather A. Butler, Garry W. Welch, Annette M. La Greca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To examine psychometric properties of the Self-Care Inventory-revised (SCI-R), a self-report measure of perceived adherence to diabetes self-care recommendations, among adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used three data sets of adult type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients to examine psychometric properties of the SCI-R. Principal component and factor analyses examined whether a general factor or common factors were present. Associations with measures of theoretically related concepts were examined to assess SCI-R concurrent and convergent validity. Internal reliability coefficients were calculated. Responsiveness was assessed using paired t tests, effect size, and Guyatt’s statistic for type 1 patients who completed psychoeducation. RESULTS—Principal component and factor analyses identified a general factor but no consistent common factors. Internal consistency of the SCI-R was α = 0.87. Correlation with a measure of frequency of diabetes self-care behaviors was r = 0.63, providing evidence for SCI-R concurrent validity. The SCI-R correlated with diabetes-related distress (r = −0.36), self-esteem (r = 0.25), self-efficacy (r = 0.47), depression (r = −0.22), anxiety (r = −0.24), and HbA1c (r = −0.37), supporting construct validity. Responsiveness analyses showed SCI-R scores improved with diabetes psychoeducation with a medium effect size of 0.62 and a Guyatt’s statistic of 0.85. CONCLUSIONS—The SCI-R is a brief, psychometrically sound measure of perceptions of adherence to recommended diabetes self-care behaviors of adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Changes in matrix protein biochemistry and the expression of mRNA encoding matrix proteins and metalloproteinases in posterior tibialis tendinopathy
Authors: Anthony N Corps, Andrew H N Robinson, Rebecca L Harrall, Nicholas C Avery, Valerie A Curry, Brian L Hazleman, Graham P Riley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Objectives Adult-acquired flat foot secondary to a dysfunctional posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) is often treated by surgical transfer of the flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDLT). In this study, the authors compared normal PTT, stage II dysfunctional PTT and replacement FDLT, aiming to define changes in collagen modification, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and the expression of matrix and metalloproteinase mRNA. Methods Normal PTTs were obtained from patients with no history of tendon problems. Samples of dysfunctional PTT and replacement FDLT tissue were obtained from patients undergoing surgical reconstruction. Tissue samples were analysed for total collagen and GAG, pentosidine and collagen cross-links. Total RNA was assayed for mRNA encoding matrix proteins and metalloproteinases, using real-time reverse transcription PCR. Differences between clinical groups were assessed using non-parametric statistics. Results Dysfunctional PTT contained higher levels of GAG and lower levels of pentosidine than normal PTT or FDLT. In contrast, collagen in FDLT contained fewer ketoimine and more aldimine cross-links than either normal or dysfunctional PTT. mRNA encoding types I and III collagens, aggrecan, biglycan, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -13 and -23, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-12L each showed increased levels in dysfunctional PTT compared with either normal PTT or (except MMP-13) FDLT. In contrast, MMP-3 and ADAM with thrombospondin domain (ADAMTS)-5 mRNA were lower in both dysfunctional PTT and FDLT than in normal PTT, while ADAMTS-1 mRNA was lower in dysfunctional PTT than in FDLT. Conclusions Stage II dysfunctional PTT shows biochemical and molecular changes consistent with a chronic remodelling of the extracellular matrix, rather than rupture, while the replacement FDLT resembles normal PTT in many, but not all, parameters.
Mesolimbic-mesocortical loops may encode saliency, not just reward
Authors: Patricio O'Donnell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

depue &amp; morrone-strupinsky (d&amp;m-s) present a thorough case for the role of “reward” brain circuits in affiliative bonding. integration of information in the nucleus accumbens shell (na), the role of dopamine in this processing, and opioid (primarily via mu receptors) control of these circuits are the primary elements of the model. although the overall picture is quite compelling, the description leans excessively in the view of dopamine systems as “reward” circuits.
The Need for and Problems of Continuing Education for Psychiatrists
Authors: L. WILLIAM EARLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The rapid appearance of new treatment techniques, public demand for psychiatric expertise in increasingly broader areas of social and community concern, and the current information explosion in all fields have contributed to recent interest in programs of continuing education for psychiatrists. Major guidelines have not yet been established, however, and this author examines such questions as who shall have major responsibility for postresidency programs, what shall be included, and how shall practicing psychiatrists be motivated to take part.
Waning Protection after Fifth Dose of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Children
Authors: Nicola P. Klein, Joan Bartlett, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Bruce Fireman, Roger Baxter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In the United States, children receive five doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine before 7 years of age. The duration of protection after five doses of DTaP is unknown.We assessed the risk of pertussis in children in California relative to the time since the fifth dose of DTaP from 2006 to 2011. This period included a large outbreak in 2010. We conducted a case-control study involving members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who were vaccinated with DTaP at 47 to 84 months of age. We compared children with pertussis confirmed by a positive polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay with two sets of controls: those who were PCR-negative for pertussis and closely matched controls from the general population of health-plan members. We used logistic regression to examine the risk of pertussis in relation to the duration of time since the fifth DTaP dose. Children who received whole-cell pertussis vaccine during infancy or who received any pertussis-containing vaccine after their fifth dose of DTaP were excluded.We compared 277 children, 4 to 12 years of age, who were PCR-positive for pertussis with 3318 PCR-negative controls and 6086 matched controls. PCR-positive children were more likely to have received the fifth DTaP dose earlier than PCR-negative controls (P<0.001) or matched controls (P=0.005). Comparison with PCR-negative controls yielded an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 1.66), indicating that after the fifth dose of DTaP, the odds of acquiring pertussis increased by an average of 42% per year.Protection against pertussis waned during the 5 years after the fifth dose of DTaP. (Funded by Kaiser Permanente).
<i>ERCC1</i> Genotype and Phenotype in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Identify Patients Likely to Benefit From Paclitaxel Treatment in Addition to Platinum-Based Therapy
Authors: Stephanie Smith, Dan Su, Irene A. Rigault de la Longrais, Peter Schwartz, Manuela Puopolo, Thomas J. Rutherford, Gil Mor, Herbert Yu, Dionyssios Katsaros
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

To investigate the effect of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) on treatment response and survival of patients treated with platinum chemotherapy with or without paclitaxel.Tumor samples from epithelial ovarian cancer patients were evaluated for ERCC1 mRNA expression and a single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 118 (C>T). Of 178 patients treated with postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy, 75 were also given paclitaxel. For all of these patients, ERCC1 expression and genotype were analyzed for associations with treatment response and survival.Among the 103 patients treated with platinum without paclitaxel, the C/C genotype, compared with C/T and T/T, was associated with greater risk of disease progression and death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.95, P = .051; HR, 2.01, P = .033, respectively); high levels of ERCC1 mRNA, compared with low levels, were associated with greater risk of disease progression (HR, 2.41; P = .014). Similarly, when the ERCC1 data were combined, patients with the C/C genotype and high ERCC1 expression had greater risk for disease progression (HR, 3.73; P = .003) compared with those with low expression and non-C/C genotype. However, for the 75 patients treated with platinum plus paclitaxel, the C/C genotype and high ERCC1 expression were not associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that paclitaxel may help to alleviate ERCC1-related platinum resistance.Ovarian cancer patients with high ERCC1 expression or the C/C genotype at codon 118 may benefit from the combination of platinum and paclitaxel, while those with low ERCC1 expression or the C/T or T/T genotype may respond well to platinum without paclitaxel.
Characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacterium pulmonary infection
Authors: Satoshi Kasagi, Akahito Fujiwara, Shinya Sugiyama, Yuuki Togashi, Mariko Yanagihara, Hiroaki Mori, Hideaki Nakayama, Yasuhiro Setoguchi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  > Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) is increasing in the world. NTM have clinical and image findings characteristics similar to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Therefore, the principal criteria to diagnose NTM require multiple isolation of same NTM species from biological samples, absence of MTB and presence of clinical manifestation.   It was aimed to examine whether can be a supplementary diagnosis of NTM on the basic radiological image before bacteriological examination, by the comparing with the clinical features in each species and chest computed tomography (CT). We investigated the 97 patients with NTM met current the ATS/IDSA microbiological criteria between 2010 and 2012.   > We evaluated the patient characteristics, chest CT findings and bacterial examination in all patients with NTM. Image findings were classified as nodules, consolidation, cavity and bronchiectasis, and we have compared with the features in each group.   Results  > Among diagnosed patients, 64.9% were female, the mean age was 66.4±12.8 years. Identification rate of MAC (M. avium- intracellulare complex) was as high as 88.7% and M.gordonae (5.2%), M. kansasii (3.1%) have been identified. It was not identified M.xenopi and M. ulcerans, which have been reported to be relatively common in Europe. Cavity lesions were often identified with M.kansasii.Bronchiectasis associated with MAC infection was observed very well in middle lobe, lingura and multiple lesions cases.   Conclusions  > It was considered that cavity lesions, middle lobe, lingura lesions and multiple lesions cases should be shifted the treatment as early as possible for protect tissue damage.
Role of Microalbuminuria in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Roberto Pontremoli, Giovanna Leoncini, Francesca Viazzi, Denise Parodi, Valentina Vaccaro, Valeria Falqui, Angelica Parodi, Simone Vettoretti, Elena Ratto, Giacomo Deferrari
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Accurate cardiovascular risk evaluation is a prerequisite for devising cost-effective therapeutic strategies in patients with essential hypertension. In fact, the knowledge of concomitant risk factors, diabetes, target organ damage, or associated clinical conditions may be useful when deciding both treatment and BP goals. Thorough evaluation of target organ damage is the key to sensitive assessment of global risk, but cost-effective allocation of economic resources should also be taken into consideration. Thanks to its low cost and widespread availability, the search for microalbuminuria is a first-line tool for identifying hypertensive patients who are at higher cardiovascular risk.
Modernising Medical Careers laid bare
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Another fine mess the Department of Health has got doctors into

> “Although a deeply damaging episode for British medicine, from this experience must come a recommitment to optimal standards of postgraduate medical education and training. This can only occur if a new partnership is struck between the profession and the DH [Department of Health], and between Health and Education. Each constituency has been found wanting thus far. In future, each must play its part. An aspiration to clinical excellence in the interests of the health of the population must be paramount.”

So concludes Professor Sir John Tooke's inquiry into Modernising Medical Careers (MMC).1 2 This initiative, “an honest attempt to accelerate training and assure the fundamental abilities of the next generation of doctors” almost foundered over the failure of its main component, the centralised selection into run-through specialist training. In response, the government announced an independent inquiry into MMC, the interim report of which was released this week. While Tooke's report runs through the reasons for the failure of the Medical Training Application Service (MTAS), these have been extensively covered in a previous report.3 Sir John's canvas was much wider. His panel “explored the background and context—in medical terms the predisposing or aetiological factors—that may have contributed to the perceived problems with MMC, rather than simply focusing on MTAS.”

So, what went wrong? Wherever Sir John shone his torch he found debilitating vagueness and frailty. He found no evidence of a consensus on the educational principles guiding postgraduate medical training and that mechanisms for …
Combined loss of proapoptotic genes Bak or Bax with Bim synergizes to cause defects in hematopoiesis and in thymocyte apoptosis
Authors: Jack Hutcheson, John C. Scatizzi, Emily Bickel, Nathaniel J. Brown, Philippe Bouillet, Andreas Strasser, Harris Perlman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family can be subdivided into members that contain several Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains and those that contain only the BH3 domain. Although it is known that BH3-only proteins and the multi-BH domain proteins, Bak and Bax, are essential for programmed cell death, the overlapping role of these two subgroups has not been examined in vivo. To investigate this, we generated Bak/Bim and Bax/Bim double deficient mice. We found that although Bax−/−Bim−/−, but not Bak−/−Bim−/−, mice display webbed hind and front paws and malocclusion of the incisors, both groups of mice present with dysregulated hematopoiesis. Combined loss of Bak and Bim or Bax and Bim causes defects in myeloid and B-lymphoid development that are more severe than those found in the single knock-out mice. Bak−/−Bim−/− mice have a complement of thymocytes that resembles those in control mice, whereas Bax−/−Bim−/− mice are more similar to Bim−/− mice. However, thymocytes isolated from Bak−/−Bim−/− or Bax−/−Bim−/− mice are markedly more resistant to apoptotic stimuli mediated by the intrinsic pathway as compared with thymocytes from single-knockout mice. These data suggest an essential overlapping role for Bak or Bax and Bim in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
Medical end-of-life decisions made for neonates and infants in the Netherlands, 1995–2001
Authors: Astrid M Vrakking, Agnes van der Heide, Bregje D Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Ingeborg M Keij-Deerenberg, Paul J van der Maas, Gerrit van der Wal
Journal: The Lancet (2005)