tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SYNERGISM OF HUMAN INFLUENZA AND CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUSES IN FERRETS
Authors: Frank L. Horsfall, Edwin H. Lennette
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

The infections produced in ferrets by human influenza virus and canine distemper virus were studied. Cross immunity and cross neutralization tests showed that these two viruses were not related antigenically. Ferrets infected with influenza virus alone rapidly produced considerable quantities of neutralizing antibodies, and after the 6th day virus was not demonstrable in their lungs. Ferrets infected with both influenza and distemper viruses simultaneously produced but small amounts of neutralizing antibody, and influenza virus persisted in undiminished concentration in their lungs throughout the course of the infection.
Sequence signatures extracted from proximal promoters can be used to predict distal enhancers
Authors: Leila Taher, Robin P Smith, Mee J Kim, Nadav Ahituv, Ivan Ovcharenko
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Gene expression is controlled by proximal promoters and distal regulatory elements such as enhancers. While the activity of some promoters can be invariant across tissues, enhancers tend to be highly tissue-specific. We compiled sets of tissue-specific promoters based on gene expression profiles of 79 human tissues and cell types. Putative transcription factor binding sites within each set of sequences were used to train a support vector machine classifier capable of distinguishing tissue-specific promoters from control sequences. We obtained reliable classifiers for 92% of the tissues, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve between 60% (for subthalamic nucleus promoters) and 98% (for heart promoters). We next used these classifiers to identify tissue-specific enhancers, scanning distal non-coding sequences in the loci of the 200 most highly and lowly expressed genes. Thirty percent of reliable classifiers produced consistent enhancer predictions, with significantly higher densities in the loci of the most highly expressed compared to lowly expressed genes. Liver enhancer predictions were assessed in vivo using the hydrodynamic tail vein injection assay. Fifty-eight percent of the predictions yielded significant enhancer activity in the mouse liver, whereas a control set of five sequences was completely negative. We conclude that promoters of tissue-specific genes often contain unambiguous tissue-specific signatures that can be learned and used for the de novo prediction of enhancers.
Failure rate of cemented and uncemented total hip replacements: register study of combined Nordic database of four nations
Authors: K. T. Makela, M. Matilainen, P. Pulkkinen, A. M. Fenstad, L. Havelin, L. Engesaeter, O. Furnes, A. B. Pedersen, S. Overgaard, J. Karrholm, H. Malchau, G. Garellick, J. Ranstam, A. Eskelinen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective </b>To assess the failure rate of cemented, uncemented, hybrid, and reverse hybrid total hip replacements in patients aged 55 years or older. <b>Design</b> Register study. <b>Setting</b> Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association database (combined data from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland). <b>Participants</b> 347 899 total hip replacements performed during 1995-2011. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Probability of implant survival (Kaplan-Meier analysis) along with implant survival with revision for any reason as endpoint (Cox multiple regression) adjusted for age, sex, and diagnosis in age groups 55-64, 65-74, and 75 years or older. <b>Results</b> The proportion of total hip replacements using uncemented implants increased rapidly towards the end of the study period. The 10 year survival of cemented implants in patients aged 65 to 74 and 75 or older (93.8%, 95% confidence interval 93.6% to 94.0% and 95.9%, 95.8% to 96.1%, respectively) was higher than that of uncemented (92.9%, 92.3% to 93.4% and 93.0%, 91.8% to 94.0%), hybrid (91.6%, 90.9% to 92.2% and 93.9%, 93.1% to 94.5%), and reverse hybrid (90.7%, 87.3% to 93.2% and 93.2%, 90.7% to 95.1%) implants. The survival of cemented (92.2%, 91.8% to 92.5%) and uncemented (91.8%, 91.3% to 92.2%) implants in patients aged 55 to 64 was similar. During the first six months the risk of revision with cemented implants was lower than with all other types of fixation in all age groups. <b>Conclusion</b> The survival of cemented implants for total hip replacement was higher than that of uncemented implants in patients aged 65 years or older. The increased use of uncemented implants in this age group is not supported by these data. However, because our dataset includes only basic information common to all national registers there is potential for residual confounding.
Existence of both fast and slow channel activity during the early stages of ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: X Zhou, P Guse, P D Wolf, D L Rollins, W M Smith, R E Ideker
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Although sodium channels have been reported to be inactive after 5-10 minutes of ventricular fibrillation (VF), their state during early VF is unknown. In 12 open-chest dogs, a floating glass microelectrode was used to record intracellular action potentials from the right ventricle during pacing and during electrically induced VF. Before any drug was administered, an initial episode of VF was continuously recorded for at least 20 seconds followed by defibrillation. Recordings were made during VF episodes after superfusion for 15 minutes around the microelectrode site by low (2.8 x 10(-5) M) and high (10(-4) M) concentrations of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in five dogs, or by low (4 microM) and high (100 microM) concentrations of verapamil in another four dogs. In three dogs, VF was induced without drugs three times to determine if the effects observed in the previous dogs were caused by the drugs or by successive episodes of VF. Ten consecutive action potentials were analyzed at the onset and after 5, 10, 15, and 20 seconds of VF. Action potential amplitude and duration during paced rhythm or VF were not changed by the local perfusion of either TTX or verapamil. In the TTX group, the maximum upstroke rate of depolarization of an action potential (Vmax) during paced rhythm was 104 +/- 14 V/sec for control cycles before any drug was given, 86 +/- 15 V/sec for the low TTX concentration, and 55 +/- 14 V/sec for the high TTX concentration (p less than 0.05 versus other two). Vmax decreased from 55 +/- 32 V/sec at the beginning of VF to 37 +/- 27 V/sec after 20 seconds of VF for predrug VF, from 39 +/- 20 V/sec to 18 +/- 11 V/sec for low-dose TTX VF, and from 18 +/- 13 V/sec to 12 +/- 7 V/sec for high-dose TTX VF (p less than 0.05 among the three groups). In the dogs receiving verapamil, VF was still inducible with Vmax not significantly different from predrug VF at the onset and after 5 or 20 seconds of VF but with Vmax smaller (p less than 0.05) for verapamil than for predrug VF after 10 or 15 seconds of VF. In three dogs, Vmax was not significantly different during three successive episodes of VF when no drug was given between the episodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Common variable immunodeficiency treated with a recombinant human IgG, tumour necrosis factor-α receptor fusion protein
Authors: K.J. Smith, H. Skelton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Common variable immunodeficiency treated with a recombinant human IgG, tumour necrosis factor‐α receptor fusion protein Get access K.J. Smith, K.J. Smith Department of Dermatology and Pathology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889‐5600, U.S.A. *Laboratory Corporation of America, Herndon, VA, U.S.A. Kathleen J.Smith COL, MC USA. E‐mail: HSkelIII@aol.comThe opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and should not be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, or Department of Defense. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Skelton H. Skelton Department of Dermatology and Pathology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889‐5600, U.S.A. *Laboratory Corporation of America, Herndon, VA, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 3, 1 March 2001, Pages 597–600, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04092.x Published: 01 March 2001
Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate versus plasma for rapid vitamin K antagonist reversal in patients needing urgent surgical or invasive interventions: a phase 3b, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial
Authors: Joshua N Goldstein, Majed A Refaai, Truman J Milling, Brandon Lewis, Robert Goldberg-Alberts, Bruce A Hug, Ravi Sarode
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
19 ANTIVIRAL EFFECT OF ENTECAVIR: RESULTS FROM 160 CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS IN AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER COHORT STUDY
Authors: J. Reijnders, K. Deterding, J. Petersen, F. Zoulim, T. Santantonio, M. Buti, F. van Bommel, B. Hansen, H. Wedemeyer, H. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Support Groups in Breast Cancer: When a Negative Result Is Positive
Authors: Pamela J. Goodwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Onecouldsaythatpsycho-oncologyhascomeofagein thelastdecade.Thisareaofoncology,whichemergedabout aquarterofacenturyago,isnowestablishedworldwideasa keycomponentofmultidisciplinarycancercareincomprehensive cancer centers. Much of the early research activity in this area focused on learning more about the psychosocial impact of cancer on patients, family, and friends. Later research involved intervention studies examining the impact of psychosocial interventions on the well-being and outcomeofcancerpatients.Thisresearchisrapidlyproviding the foundation for an evidence-based approach to psycho-oncology practice. In 1989, Spiegel et al 1 from Stanford University (Stanford, CA) reported an unexpected survival benefit in women with metastatic breast cancer who were randomly assigned to receive weekly supportive-expressive group therapy or standard medical therapy in a trial that was originally designed to examine the impact of such therapy on psychological status and pain control. Overall survival had doubled in the intervention arm, an effect that remained highly statistically significant after controlling for potential confounding factors. However, because the survival analysis was not a primary goal of the study, and because of baseline imbalances in potentially important prognostic factors between the two study arms, replication was recommended. Several researchers, including Spiegel himself,undertookthechallenge.Threesubsequentstudies
Tests of renal function in patients with quiescent colitis: effects of drug treatment.
Authors: S A Riley, D R Lloyd, V Mani
Journal: Gut (1992)

Mesalazine has structural similarities to aspirin and phenacetin and is nephrotoxic when given intravenously in high doses to rats. A number of cases of nephrotoxicity has been reported recently in patients taking oral mesalazine. Sensitive indicators of renal function in a group of patients maintained on long term, delayed release mesalazine and a comparable group on sulphasalazine have been studied. Sixty two patients (32 men, aged 28-82 years) with quiescent colitis were studied. Thirty four had been maintained on delayed release mesalazine 1.6 (0.8-2.4) g/day for 2.9 (0.5-6.9) years and 28 on sulphasalazine 2 (2-3) g/day. Groups were comparable for age, sex, disease duration, and disease extent. Renal function was assessed by: urine microscopy; creatinine clearance; the urinary excretion of two markers of glomerular toxicity, albumin and transferrin; and the urinary excretion for two markers of tubular toxicity, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and alpha 1-microglobulin. There were no significant differences in renal function between the two treatment groups. Furthermore, no correlations were found between measures of renal function and either cumulative mesalazine dose or mesalazine treatment duration. In this study, long term maintenance treatment with delayed release mesalazine was no more nephrotoxic than continued treatment with sulphasalazine.
Bacteremic Pseudomonas pneumonia
Authors: P. B. Iannini
Journal: JAMA (1974)

We have studied 20 cases of bacteremic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and have reviewed 29 cases recorded in the literature. Analysis of the accumulated data indicates that bacteremic Pseudomonas pneumonia is invariably associated with conditions that impair host defenses, especially hematologic or reticuloendothelial malignant neoplasms, and it is almost universally fatal even after therapy with appropriate antimicrobials. A chest roentgenogram that simulates pulmonary vascular congestion in the presence of normal central venous pressure may be an important clue to the existence of this type of pneumonia. (<i>JAMA</i>230:558-561, 1974)
Prognostic Factors After Relapse in Nonmetastatic Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Nomogram to Better Define Patients Who Can Be Salvaged With Further Therapy
Authors: Julia C. Chisholm, Julien Marandet, Annie Rey, Marcelo Scopinaro, Jose Sánchez de Toledo, Johannes H.M. Merks, Anne O‘Meara, Michael C.G. Stevens, Odile Oberlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose Previous studies suggest poor outcome in children with relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). A better understanding is needed of which patients can be salvaged after first relapse. Patients and Methods The analysis included children with nonmetastatic RMS and embryonal sarcoma enrolled onto the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor (MMT) 84, 89, and 95 studies who relapsed after achieving complete local control with primary therapy. All patients included in the analysis had follow-up for ≥ 3.0 years after the last event. The clinical features, initial treatment characteristics, and features of the relapse were correlated with survival in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results In all, 474 eligible patients were identified for the study. At ≥ 3.0 years from the last event, 176 (37%) were alive (“cured”). In a full-model multivariate analysis, the factors identified at first relapse that most strongly associated with poor outcome were metastatic relapse (odds ratio [OR], 4.19; 95% CI, 2.0 to 8.5), prior radiotherapy treatment (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.1 to 6.4), initial tumor size &gt; 5 cm (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.5 to 4.1), and time of relapse &lt; 18 months from diagnosis (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.6). Unfavorable primary disease site, nodal involvement at diagnosis, alveolar histology, and previous three- or six-drug chemotherapy were also independently associated with poor outcome. To estimate chance of cure for individual patients, a nomogram was developed, which allowed for weighting of these significant factors. Conclusion Some children with relapsed RMS remain curable. It is now possible to estimate the chance of salvage for individual children to direct therapy appropriately toward cure, use of experimental therapies, and/or palliation.
A phase 2 study of patupilone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel: Canadian Urologic Oncology Group study P07a
Authors: K.N. Chi, E. Beardsley, B.J. Eigl, P. Venner, S.J. Hotte, E. Winquist, Y.-J. Ko, S.S. Sridhar, D. Weber, F. Saad
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
High frequency of antitumor T cells in the blood of melanoma patients before and after vaccination with tumor antigens
Authors: Catherine Germeau, Wenbin Ma, Francesca Schiavetti, Christophe Lurquin, Emmanuelle Henry, Nathalie Vigneron, Francis Brasseur, Bernard Lethé, Etienne De Plaen, Thierry Velu, Thierry Boon, Pierre G. Coulie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

After vaccination of melanoma patients with MAGE antigens, we observed that even in the few patients showing tumor regression, the frequency of anti-vaccine T cells in the blood was often either undetectable or &amp;lt;10−5 of CD8 T cells. This frequency being arguably too low for these cells to be sole effectors of rejection, we reexamined the contribution of T cells recognizing other tumor antigens. The presence of such antitumor T cells in melanoma patients has been widely reported. To begin assessing their contribution to vaccine-induced rejection, we evaluated their blood frequency in five vaccinated patients. The antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors ranged from 10−4 to 3 × 10−3, which is 10–10,000 times higher than the anti-vaccine CTL in the same patient. High frequencies were also observed before vaccination. In a patient showing nearly complete regression after vaccination with a MAGE-3 antigen, we observed a remarkably focused antitumoral response. A majority of CTL precursors (CTLp's) recognized antigens encoded by MAGE-C2, another cancer-germline gene. Others recognized gp100 antigens. CTLp's recognizing MAGE-C2 and gp100 antigens were already present before vaccination, but new clonotypes appeared afterwards. These results suggest that a spontaneous antitumor T cell response, which has become ineffective, can be reawakened by vaccination and contribute to tumor rejection. This notion is reinforced by the frequencies of anti-vaccine and antitumor CTLs observed inside metastases, as presented by Lurquin et al. (Lurquin, C., B. Lethé, V. Corbière, I. Théate, N. van Baren, P.G. Coulie, and T. Boon. 2004. J. Exp. Med. 201:249–257).
Induction of myasthenia by immunization against muscle-specific kinase
Authors: Kazuhiro Shigemoto, Sachiho Kubo, Naoki Maruyama, Naohito Hato, Hiroyuki Yamada, Chen Jie, Naoto Kobayashi, Katsumi Mominoki, Yasuhito Abe, Norifumi Ueda,, Seiji Matsuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is critical for the synaptic clustering of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and plays multiple roles in the organization and maintenance of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). MuSK is activated by agrin, which is released from motoneurons, and induces AChR clustering at the postsynaptic membrane. Although autoantibodies against the ectodomain of MuSK have been found in a proportion of patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG), it is unclear whether MuSK autoantibodies are the causative agent of generalized MG. In the present study, rabbits immunized with MuSK ectodomain protein manifested MG-like muscle weakness with a reduction of AChR clustering at the NMJs. The autoantibodies activated MuSK and blocked AChR clustering induced by agrin or by mediators that do not activate MuSK. Thus MuSK autoantibodies rigorously inhibit AChR clustering mediated by multiple pathways, an outcome that broadens our general comprehension of the pathogenesis of MG.
mir-17–92 Cluster Is Required for and Sufficient to Induce Cardiomyocyte Proliferation in Postnatal and Adult Hearts
Authors: Jinghai Chen, Zhan-Peng Huang, Hee Young Seok, Jian Ding, Masaharu Kataoka, Zheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Hu, Gang Wang, Zhiqiang Lin, Si Wang, Willam T. Pu, Ronglih Liao, Da-Zhi Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Cardiomyocytes in adult mammalian hearts are terminally differentiated cells that have exited from the cell cycle and lost most of their proliferative capacity. Death of mature cardiomyocytes in pathological cardiac conditions and the lack of regeneration capacity of adult hearts are primary causes of heart failure and mortality. However, how cardiomyocyte proliferation in postnatal and adult hearts becomes suppressed remains largely unknown. The miR-17-92 cluster was initially identified as a human oncogene that promotes cell proliferation. However, its role in the heart remains unknown.To test the hypothesis that miR-17-92 participates in the regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation in postnatal and adult hearts.We deleted miR-17-92 cluster from embryonic and postnatal mouse hearts and demonstrated that miR-17-92 is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation in the heart. Transgenic overexpression of miR-17-92 in cardiomyocytes is sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation in embryonic, postnatal, and adult hearts. Moreover, overexpression of miR-17-92 in adult cardiomyocytes protects the heart from myocardial infarction-induced injury. Similarly, we found that members of miR-17-92 cluster, miR-19 in particular, are required for and sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro. We identified phosphatase and tensin homolog, a tumor suppressor, as an miR-17-92 target to mediate the function of miR-17-92 in cardiomyocyte proliferation.Our studies therefore identify miR-17-92 as a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation, and suggest this cluster of microRNAs could become therapeutic targets for cardiac repair and heart regeneration.
Microvascular filtration in subjects with connective tissue disorders.
Authors: J C Edwards, M L Snaith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

A simple non-invasive method for studying microvascular filtration in the non-articular tissues of the forearm is described. Rates of filtration under a standard hydrostatic pressure were measured in 20 normal female subjects and 44 female subjects with connective tissue disorders. An increased mean filtration rate was found in 14 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. In 20 subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus and 10 subjects with scleroderma no such generalised increase in filtration rates was seen, but isolated cases had very high filtration rates, suggesting a more heterogeneous physiological disturbance. Increased filtration was not associated with the presence of oedema. This confirms doubts raised by other workers about the importance of filtration in the genesis of clinical oedema.
The challenge of low physical activity during the school day: at recess, lunch and in physical education
Authors: L Nettlefold, H A McKay, D E R Warburton, K A McGuire, S S D Bredin, P J Naylor
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Purpose To describe physical activity (PA) intensity across a school day and assess the percentage of girls and boys achieving recommended guidelines. Methods The authors measured PA via accelerometry in 380 children (8–11 years) and examined data representing (1) the whole school day, (2) regular class time, (3) recess, (4) lunch and (5) scheduled physical education (PE). Activity was categorised as sedentary (SED), light physical activity (LPA) or moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using age-specific thresholds. They examined sex differences across PA intensities during each time period and compliance with recommended guidelines. Results Girls accumulated less MVPA and more SED than boys throughout the school day (MVPA −10.6 min; SED +13.9 min) recess (MVPA −1.6 min; SED +1.7 min) and lunch (MVPA −3.1 min; SED +2.9 min). Girls accumulated less MVPA (−6.2 min), less LPA (−2.5 min) and more SED (+9.4 min) than boys during regular class time. Fewer girls than boys achieved PA guidelines during school (90.9% vs 96.2%), recess (15.7% vs 34.1%) and lunch (16.7% vs 37.4%). During PE, only 1.8% of girls and 2.9% of boys achieved the PA guidelines. Girls and boys accumulated similar amounts of MVPA, LPA and SED. Conclusion The MVPA deficit in girls was due to their sedentary behaviour as opposed to LPA. Physical activity strategies that target girls are essential to overcome this deficit. Only a very small percentage of children met physical activity guidelines during PE. There is a great need for additional training and emphasis on PA during PE. In addition schools should complement PE with PA models that increase PA opportunities across the school day.