tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temporary Angiotensin II Blockade at the Prediabetic Stage Attenuates the Development of Renal Injury in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Yukiko Nagai, Li Yao, Hiroyuki Kobori, Kayoko Miyata, Yuri Ozawa, Akira Miyatake, Tokihito Yukimura, Takatomi Shokoji, Shoji Kimura, Hideyasu Kiyomoto, Masakazu Kohno, Youichi Abe, Akira Nishiyama
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Whether temporary angiotensin II (AngII) blockade at the prediabetic stage attenuates renal injury in type 2 diabetic OLETF rats later in life was investigated. OLETF rats were treated with an AT1 receptor antagonist (olmesartan, 0.01% in food), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (temocapril, 0.01% in food), a combination of the two, or hydralazine (25 mg/kg per d) at the prediabetic stage (4 to 11 wk of age) and then monitored without further treatment until 50 wk of age. At 11 wk of age, blood glucose levels and urinary protein excretion (UproteinV) were similar between OLETF and control LETO rats. However, OLETF rats showed higher kidney AngII contents and type IV collagen mRNA expression than LETO rats at this age. These decreased with olmesartan, temocapril, and a combination of these but not with hydralazine. At 50 wk of age, diabetic OLETF rats showed higher BP, UproteinV, and intrarenal AngII levels than LETO rats. Temporary AngII blockade did not affect glucose metabolism or the development of hypertension in OLETF rats but significantly suppressed proteinuria and ameliorated glomerular injury. However, no parameters were affected by temporary hydralazine treatment. The present study demonstrated that intrarenal AngII and type IV collagen expression are already augmented long before diabetes becomes apparent in OLETF rats. Furthermore, temporary AngII blockade at the prediabetic stage attenuates the progression of renal injury in these animals. These data suggest that early AngII blockade could be an effective strategy for preventing the development of type 2 diabetic renal injury later in life.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia with BCR–ABL fusion genes located to both chromosomes 9, cyclic leukocytosis and nodal T-lymphoblastic transformation – durable complete remission following imatinib therapy
Authors: I H Dufva, H Karle, K Brondum-Nielsen, M K Andersen, H O Madsen, H E Johnsen
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Analysis of the double occlusion which provides four pressure gradients
Authors: TS Hakim, K Sugimori, L Ferrario
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The arterial, double and venous occlusions are used to partition pulmonary vascular resistance into four segments. In this study, we tested whether the same can be accomplished from one double occlusion. In an isolated canine lung left lower lobe perfused with blood (flow rate = 500 mL.min-1), the pulmonary arterial and venous pressures (Pa and Pv, respectively) were measured directly. Arterial, double, and venous occlusions were performed and analysed as usual (Method 1) to measure pressures in small arteries and small veins (Pa' and Pv', respectively) and capillary pressure (Pc). Alternatively, one double occlusion was analysed (Method 2), not only for Pa, Pv and Pc, but also as independent arterial and venous occlusions to measure Pa' and Pv'. Method 1 yielded Pa, Pa', Pc, Pv', and Pv (Baseline) of 14.2 +/- 1.7, 10.8 +/- 1.6, 8.9 +/- 1.9, 7.3 +/- 1.5 and 1.3 +/- 0.6 mmHg, respectively (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). Method 2 yielded values for the same five pressures equal to 14.7 +/- 2.1, 11.0 +/- 2.2, 8.9 +/- 1.9, 7.3 +/- 1.3 and 1.3 +/- 0.6 mmHg, respectively. There was no significant difference in the pressure profile obtained using the two methods, nor were there differences during hypoxia and angiotensin infusion. These results suggest that a more thorough analysis of the double occlusion can provide the same information about distribution of vascular resistance as provided by a combination of the three occlusions. The advantage of the new approach is that fewer occlusions are needed and resistance distribution can be assessed during a transient response. Because all pressures are derived from one occlusion, the pressures would be more accurate relative to each other.
Disease activity score-driven therapy versus routine care in patients with recent-onset active rheumatoid arthritis: data from the GUEPARD trial and ESPOIR cohort
Authors: M. Soubrier, C. Lukas, J. Sibilia, B. Fautrel, F. Roux, L. Gossec, S. Patternotte, M. Dougados, Alain Saraux
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Objectives To compare the efficacy of disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28ESR)-driven therapy with anti-tumour necrosis factor (patients from the GUEPARD trial) and routine care in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (patients of the ESPOIR cohort). Results After matching GUEPARD and ESPOIR patients on the basis of a propensity score and a 1:2 ratio, at baseline all patients had comparable demographic characteristics, rheumatoid factor, anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positivity and clinical disease activity parameters: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, mean DAS (6.26±0.87), Sharp/van der Heijde radiographic score (SHS), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ). Disease duration was longer in GUEPARD patients (5.6±4.6 vs 3.5±2.0 months, p&lt;0.001). After 1 year, the percentage of patients in remission with an HAQ (&lt;0.5) and an absence of radiological progression was higher in the tight control group (32.3% vs 10.2%, p=0.011) as well as the percentage of patients in low DAS with an HAQ (&lt;0.5) and an absence of radiological progression (36.1% vs 18.9%, p=0.045). However, there was no difference in the decrease in DAS, nor in the percentage of EULAR (good and moderate), ACR20, ACR50 and ACR70 responses. More patients in the tight control group had an HAQ below 0.5 (70.2% vs 45.2%, p=0.005). Overall, pain, patient and physician assessment and fatigue decreased more in the tight control group. The mean SHS progression was similar in the two groups as was the percentage of patients without progression. Conclusions In patients with recent onset active rheumatoid arthritis, a tight control of disease activity allows more patients to achieve remission without disability and radiographic progression.
Improvement of endothelial function with allopurinol may occur in selected patients with OSA: effect of age and sex
Authors: S. Teramoto, H. Kume, Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamamoto, Y. Hanaoka, M. Ishii, T. Ishii, Y. Ouchi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

It is not correct to say that ''a quarter of centres did not measure height''.We reported that: ''Out of 42 centres, it was measured in 31, self-reported in five and not recorded whether measured or asked in six.''We were being scrupulously honest and in five of the latter it is likely that height was measured.However, study personnel have moved on and definitive information could not be retrieved once we had realised that some centres had not measured height directly.In three of the centres that we classed as ''self-reported height'', subjects were measured if any doubt was expressed, and gross errors are unlikely to have occurred.Although the over-estimation of height in the study by STEWART et al. [3] was nontrivial, that found by NIEDHAMMER et al.[4] was ,0.5 cm on average.The other reference does not seem relevant.There was exclusion for non-White ethnicity in only one centre: Melbourne (Australia).Ethnicity was not recorded in any of the other centres, which are listed in table 1 of our paper [1], but this was not raised as an issue.It was our intention in writing the paper to engender debate and our conclusions are endorsed by S. Stanojevic and coworkers.We believe that current reference curves cannot be guaranteed to give accurate norms of lung health, and that multicentre studies must invest substantially in standardised equipment.However, ''statistical models which can adjust for between-centre differences'', as advocated by S. Stanojevic and co-workers, do not solve the problem, as differences may be due to genuine variation in health.
Myocardial Akt Activation and Gender
Authors: Dreama Camper-Kirby, Sara Welch, Angela Walker, Isao Shiraishi, Kenneth D. R. Setchell, Erik Schaefer, Jan Kajstura, Piero Anversa, Mark A. Sussman
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Cardiovascular disease risk is higher in men than women, but the basis for this discrepancy remains controversial. Estrogenic stimulation of the myocardium or isolated cardiomyocytes has been purported to exert multiple beneficial effects associated with inhibition of maladaptive responses to pathogenic insults. This report describes a significant difference between the sexes in myocardial activation of Akt, a protein kinase that regulates a broad range of physiological responses including metabolism, gene transcription, and cell survival. We find that young women possess higher levels of nuclear-localized phospho-Akt(473) relative to comparably aged men or postmenopausal women. Both localization of phospho-Akt(473) in myocardial nuclei of sexually mature female mice versus males and Akt kinase activity in nuclear extracts of hearts from female mice versus males are elevated. Cytosolic localization of phospho-forkhead, a downstream nuclear target of Akt, is also increased in female relative to male mice, suggesting a potential mechanism for cardioprotective nuclear signaling resulting from Akt activation. Phospho-Akt(473) levels and localization at cardiac nuclei are similarly increased in transgenic mice with myocardium-specific expression of insulin-like growth factor I, a proven stimulus for Akt activation. Phospho-Akt(473) is also localized to the nucleus of cultured cardiomyocytes after exposure to 17beta-estradiol or genistein (a phytoestrogen in soy protein-based diets), and neonatal exposure of litters to genistein elevated nuclear phospho-Akt(473) localization. The activation of Akt in a gender-dependent manner may help explain differences observed in cardiovascular disease risk between the sexes and supports the potential beneficial effects of estrogenic stimulation.
Vascular Normalization as an Emerging Strategy to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Yuhui Huang, Shom Goel, Dan G. Duda, Dai Fukumura, Rakesh K. Jain
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The recent approval of Provenge has brought new hope for anticancer vaccine therapies. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment seems to impair the efficacy of vaccine therapies. The abnormal tumor vasculature creates a hypoxic microenvironment that polarizes inflammatory cells toward immune suppression. Moreover, tumors systemically alter immune cells' proliferation, differentiation, and function via secretion of growth factors and cytokines. For example, VEGF, a major proangiogenic cytokine induced by hypoxia, plays a critical role in immunosuppression via these mechanisms. Hence, antiangiogenic treatment may be an effective modality to potentiate immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the local and systemic effects of VEGF on tumor immunity and propose a potentially translatable strategy to re-engineer the tumor–immune microenvironment and improve cancer immunotherapy by using lower “vascular normalizing” doses of antiangiogenic agents. Cancer Res; 73(10); 2943–8. ©2013 AACR.
Autoimmune encephalitis update
Authors: J. Dalmau, M. R. Rosenfeld
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Cancer-associated immune-mediated disorders of the central nervous system are a heterogeneous group. These disorders include the classic paraneoplastic neurologic disorders and the more recently described autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies to neuronal cell-surface or synaptic receptors that occur with and without a cancer association. Autoimmune encephalitis is increasingly recognized as the cause of a variety of neuropsychiatric syndromes that can be severe and prolonged. In contrast to the classic paraneoplastic disorders that are poorly responsive to tumor treatment and immunotherapy, autoimmune encephalitis often responds to these treatments, and patients can have full or marked recoveries. As early treatment speeds recovery, reduces disability, and decreases relapses that can occur in about 20% of cases, it is important that the immune pathogenesis of these disorders is recognized.
Clinical aspects of pregnancy after the age of 35 years: a review of the literature
Authors: C van Katwijk
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1998)

The objective of this report is to provide an update of our current knowledge about the impact of maternal age on pregnancy outcome. Pregnancy in women ≥35 years old is associated with a higher maternal and perinatal mortality. The older gravida also has a higher chance of being delivered by Caesarean section. Most of the complications associated with older age are caused by age-related confounders such as leiomyomas, type II diabetes, hypertension and multiparity. Diabetes and hypertension increase almost linearly with age. Pregnant women with diabetes or hypertension are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome irrespective of age. The currently available literature indicates that premenopausal pregnant women of advanced age who are in good health do not need special care besides the normal obstetric practice. At present, establishing pregnancy in postmenopausal women is more an ethical than a medical issue, partly because the information reported on pregnancy in postmenopausal women is insufficient to determine a reliable risk profile. In these women cardiovascular ageing accelerates. Therefore, until proven otherwise, postmenopausal women should be considered particularly at increased risk for vascular complications during pregnancy. This risk is likely to increase progressively with the number of years elapsed since the onset of postmenopause.
Nurse and Patient Responses to a Study of Milieu Therapy
Authors: JOHN S. VISHER, MAUREEN O'SULLIVAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The authors describe a research project in milieu therapy that employed the suspension of all planned group and activity programs. A two-week period of regular observations to establish baseline data was followed by a two-week experimental period and a final observation period when the program had been restored. Contrary to expectations, the patients did not withdraw or decompensate: They assumed responsibility and leadership in organizing their own activities and initiated more contacts with staff. The reactions of nurses and patients to the project as a learning experience are described.
Chronic laxative abuse associated with pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia.
Authors: M Lesna, A N Hamlyn, C W Venables, C O Record
Journal: Gut (1977)

Marked pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia was found in a patient with laxative-induced diarrhoea. It is suggested that laxative abuse might be an important aetiological factor in patients with pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia and the watery diarrhoea syndrome but in whom no hormonal excess can be demonstrated.
Clinical outcomes and safety with trabectedin therapy in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas following failure of prior chemotherapy: results of a worldwide expanded access program study
Authors: B.L. Samuels, S. Chawla, S. Patel, M. von Mehren, J. Hamm, P.E. Kaiser, S. Schuetze, J. Li, A. Aymes, G.D. Demetri
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Mercury Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Two U.S. Cohorts
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Peilin Shi, J. Steven Morris, Donna Spiegelman, Philippe Grandjean, David S. Siscovick, Walter C. Willett, Eric B. Rimm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Exposure to methylmercury from fish consumption has been linked to a potentially increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but evidence from prior studies is equivocal. Beneficial effects of the ingestion of fish and selenium may also modify such effects.
Pulmonary air embolism: physiological aspects.
Authors: E Berglund, S Josephson
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Societyreceptor function and importance in states of chronic hypoxia.Microanatomy of Glomic Tissue of the Pulmonary Trunk C. W. EDWARDS The microanatomical structure and cytology of glomic tissue of the pulmonary trunk in man and animals.
Gene placement and competition control T cell receptor γ variable region gene rearrangement
Authors: Na Xiong, Li Zhang, Chulho Kang, David H. Raulet
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

The production of distinct sets of T cell receptor (TCR) γδ+ T cells occurs in an ordered fashion in thymic development. The Vγ3 and Vγ4 genes, located downstream in the TCRγ Cγ1 gene cluster, are expressed by the earliest waves of developing TCRγδ+ T cells in the fetal thymus, destined for intraepithelial locations. Upstream Vγ2 and Vγ5 genes are expressed in later waves in the adult and constitute most TCRγδ+ T cells in secondary lymphoid tissue. This developmental pattern is caused in part by a preference for rearrangements of the downstream Vγ3 and Vγ4 genes in the early fetal stage, which switches to a preference for rearrangements of the upstream Vγ2 and Vγ5 gene rearrangements in the adult. Our gene targeting studies show that the downstream Vγ genes rearrange preferentially in the early fetal thymus because of their downstream location, independent of promoter or recombination signal sequences and unrelated to the extent of germline transcription. Remarkably, gene deletion studies show that the downstream Vγ genes competitively inhibit upstream Vγ rearrangements at the fetal stage. These data provide a mechanism for specialization of the fetal thymus for the production of T cells expressing specific Vγ genes.
EYE CHANGES IN TRENCH NEPHRITIS
Authors: J. Kirk
Journal: BMJ (1918)

EYE CHANGES IN TRENCH NEPHRITIS.(2 and supinator longus muscles, and the wound was closed.Two moonhs later laradic response and voluntary power were re- gained in the paralysed muscles.The recovery was neither bastened nor retarded by the operation, in all, probability, but the response to the test rendered further exposure unnecessary and made the prognosis as to recovery favourable.Testing is.sometimes of use iu another way when oeratiug on cases in wlhich there is muclh scar tissue and {hejinatomical relationsof parts are disarranged.Any kr4k or branch can be stimulated and defined with Hertinty-by noticing the muscle or muscle groups whicl bontiact on such stimulation, The Apparatus.T7he apparatus required consists of (1) a faradic coil and mietfironome, and (2) electrodes and connecting cords which can be sterilized by boiling.
Intelligence? What intelligence?
Authors: Roberto Colom
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Neuroimaging evidence, both within and between research strategies, is largely heterogeneous. This results from the way the construct of interest (i.e., intelligence) is measured. Every single available measure comprises several cognitive abilities, although the so-called g factor is always present. Here I suggest that studies must always control for this empirical fact to arrive at solid conclusions.
TRPV1-expressing sensory fibres and IBS: links with immune function
Authors: P A Hughes, S M Brierley, C M Martin, T Liebregts, J Persson, B Adam, G Holtmann, L A Blackshaw
Journal: Gut (2009)

In a recent issue of Gut , van Beurden et al showed the usefulness of ultrasound in the diagnosis of intestinal worms in a case of human taeniasis ( Gut 2008; 57 :515 and 524). The examination was even more sensitive than the stool analysis, which remained negative. However, and specifically in the case of human taeniasis, ultrasound techniques might have a double diagnostic advantage: the detection of the intestinal adult tapeworm as well as the search of the presence of extraintestinal Taenia larval stages in the same patient.

Human taeniasis caused by pig ( Taenia solium ) or cattle ( T saginata …
Contemporary Cardiac Issues in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Elizabeth M. McNally, Jonathan R. Kaltman, D. Woodrow Benson, Charles E. Canter, Linda H. Cripe, Dongsheng Duan, Jonathan D. Finder, William J. Groh, Eric P. Hoffman, Daniel P. Judge, Naomi Kertesz, Kathi Kinnett, Roxanne Kirsch, Joseph M. Metzger, Gail D. Pearson, Jill A. Rafael-Fortney, Subha V. Raman, Christopher F. Spurney, Shari L. Targum, Kathryn R. Wagner, Larry W. Markham
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Failure of High-Dose Leucovorin To Improve Therapy With the Maximally Tolerated Dose of 5-Fluorouracil: A Murine Study With Clinical Relevance?
Authors: D. S. Martin, R. L Stolfi, J. R Colofiore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Almost all of the completed and ongoing phase III trials of the leucovorin/5-fluorouracil (LV/5-FU) combination have used either a single-agent 5-FU control arm in which the 5-FU was administered in a different schedule from the LV/5-FU arm or one in which the 5-FU was not at the maximally tolerated dose (MTD). Because both dose intensity and scheduling are known to affect drug activity, the LV/5-FU combination was evaluated in the preclinical CD8F1 murine model of advanced first-passage spontaneous breast tumors using the same dose (at MTD) and schedule for 5-FU alone and in the LV/5-FU combination arm. Overall, therapy with 5-FU at MTD was not improved by LV. Further, although the activity of 5-FU doses lower than the MTD could be increased by LV, the therapeutic result was comparable to that of single-agent 5-FU at MTD. In an evaluation with other modulators of 5-FU (e.g., uridine, PALA, methotrexate), therapy with various modulated 5-FU combinations at their MTD was not improved with LV. In conclusion, although LV can enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in these in vivo preclinical studies, it does not confer enhanced selectivity to 5-FU, a conclusion at odds with many present clinical reports. Whether or not these murine findings have clinical relevance can be determined only by clinical trials designed with the MTD of 5-FU alone in the control arm, the MTD of 5-FU (or as close as tolerated) in the LV/5-FU arm, and identical schedules in both arms.
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer: clinical and molecular evidence for a new entity of hereditary colorectal cancer
Authors: Y Mueller-Koch
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is clinically defined by familial clustering of colorectal cancer and other associated tumours. <b>Methods:</b> By thorough molecular and clinical evaluation of 41 families, two different groups were characterised: group 1, 25 families with truncating mutations in MLH1 or MSH2 (12 novel mutations); and group 2, 16 Amsterdam positive families without mutations in these genes and without microsatellite instability in their corresponding tumours. <b>Results:</b> Significant clinical differences between these two groups were found. Firstly, earlier age of onset for all colorectal cancers (median 41 <i>v</i> 55 years; p&lt;0.001) and all tumours (median 43 <i>v</i> 56 years; p = 0.022) was observed, comparing groups 1 and 2. Secondly, 68% of the index colorectal cancers were localised proximally of the splenic flexure in group 1 compared with 14% in group 2 (p&lt;0.010). Thirdly, more synchronous and metachronous colorectal (p = 0.017) and extracolorectal tumours (p&lt;0.001) were found in group 1. Fourthly, a higher colorectal adenoma/carcinoma ratio (p = 0.030) and a tendency towards more synchronous or metachronous adenomas in group 2 (p = 0.084) was observed, indicating a slower progression of adenomas to carcinomas. As three mutation negative tumours revealed chromosomal instability after comparative genomic hybridisation, these tumours may be caused by one or more highly penetrant disease alleles from the chromosomal instability pathway. <b>Conclusion:</b> These data show that HNPCC includes at least two entities with clinical and molecular differences. This will have implications for surveillance programmes and for cancer research.