tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of hospital causes of death in patients with Tb in ten years
Authors: Grzegorz Przybylski, Anita Dabrowska, Dorota Krawiecka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Tuberculosis remains an important public health problem in Poland. The goal was to study the factors associated with 159 death in incident cases of tuberculosis.in hospital between 2001 to 2010. Male/female: 109/50. Mean age was 64 years old, Among them, 98 were the occupants of cities, 48 village and 14 homeless. 123 patients smoked cigarettes, 13 smoked in past and 20 did not smoke. 26 alcohol abused, 46 admit to the drinking, 61 did not abuse and 26 did not drink. Mean BMI were 17,86. There were 28 unemployed and 87 pensioners. 76 married, 28 divorced, 22 widowers and 33 lonely together with living at concubinagein. Recidiva were in 12 cases. 75 cases were lesions in both lungs, and 77 cases had cavity on the chest X-ray. 79 cases were treated with drugs including HRZ; 39 cases (24%) with drugs including H and R, 8 cases (5%) with the other drugs, and 33 cases (21%) were not able to be administered any drug. 153 cases were acid fast bacilli in smear and culture.Main associated causes were respiratory failure (33.5%), diseases of the circulatory system (13.5%), neoplasms (8%), diseases of the digestive system (7,5%), other specified symptoms and signs involving circulatory and respiratory systems (14%), cachexia (12.5%), conditions due to alcohol use (9%), mental disorder (2%) and other. Clinical forms of nervous system and miliary TB were in this group. Tuberculous death were observed highly, but death by complications were observed in many cases. It is necessary to control complications and enlighten society and doctors about importance of early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis continuously.
Increased urinary excretion of LTE4 after exercise and attenuation of exercise-induced bronchospasm by montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist
Authors: T. F. Reiss, J. B. Hill, E. Harman, J. Zhang, W. K. Tanaka, E. Bronsky, D. Guerreiro, L. Hendeles
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to determine whether montelukast, a new potent cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, attenuates exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. The relationship between the urinary excretion of LTE4 and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction was also investigated. METHODS: Nineteen non-smoking asthmatic patients with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of &gt; or = 65% of the predicted value and a reproducible fall in FEV1 after exercise of at least 20% were enrolled. Subjects received placebo and montelukast 100 mg once daily in the evening or 50 mg twice daily, each for two days, in a three-period, randomised, double blind, crossover design. In the evening, approximately 20-24 hours after the once daily dose or 12 hours after the twice daily dose, a standardised exercise challenge was performed. Data from 14 patients were available for complete analysis. RESULTS: The mean (SD) maximal percentage decrease in FEV1 after exercise was 29.6 (16.0), 17.1 (8.2), and 14.0 (9.4) for placebo, once daily, and twice daily regimens, respectively. The mean (95% CI) percentage protection was 37 (15 to 59) for the group who received 50 mg twice daily and 50 (31 to 69) for those who received 100 mg once daily. Active treatments were not different from each other. The mean (SD) plasma concentrations of montelukast were higher after the twice daily regimen (1.27 (0.81) microgram/ml) than after the once daily regimen (0.12 (0.09) microgram/ml); there was no correlation between the percentage protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and plasma concentrations. After exercise urinary excretion of LTE4 increased significantly during placebo treatment (from 34.3 to 73.7 pg/mg creatinine; p &lt; 0.05) but did not correlate with the extent of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS: Montelukast protects similarly against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction between plasma concentrations of 0.12 and 1.27 micrograms/ml. The increase in the urinary excretion of LTE4 after exercise and the protection from exercise-induced bronchoconstriction with a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist provide further evidence of the role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
Gefitinib plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in EGFR-mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer after progression on first-line gefitinib (IMPRESS): a phase 3 randomised trial
Authors: Jean-Charles Soria, Yi-Long Wu, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Sang-We Kim, Jin-Ji Yang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Jie Wang, James Chih-Hsin Yang, You Lu, Shinji Atagi, Santiago Ponce, Dae Ho Lee, Yunpeng Liu, Kiyotaka Yoh, Jian-Ying Zhou, Xiaojin Shi, Alan Webster, Haiyi Jiang, Tony S K Mok
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Differential Role of BCL2 in Molecular Subtypes of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: Figure 1.
Authors: Kieron Dunleavy, Wyndham H. Wilson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Gene expression profiling has been used to divide diffuse large B-cell lymphoma into distinct molecular subtypes with different outcomes following immunochemotherapy. Recently, researchers have shown much interest in investigating the role of biomarkers, such as BCL2, in predicting outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, particularly in the context of these molecular subtypes.
British HIV Association guidelines for antiretroviral treatment of HIV seropositive individuals
Authors: BG Gazzard, GJ Moyle, J Weber, M Johnson, JS Bingham, R Brettle, D Churchill, M Fisher, G Griffin, D Jefferies, E King, R Gormer, C Lee, A Pozniak, JR Smith, G Tudor-Williams, I Williams
Journal: The Lancet (1997)
Noninvasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Transport and Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Ectopic Human Lung Tumors
Authors: Yaron Hassid, Edna Furman-Haran, Raanan Margalit, Raya Eilam, Hadassa Degani
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Tumor response to blood borne drugs is critically dependent on the efficiency of vascular delivery and transcapillary transfer. However, increased tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) forms a barrier to transcapillary transfer, leading to resistance to drug delivery. We present here a new, noninvasive method which estimates IFP and its spatial distribution in vivo using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This method was tested in ectopic human non–small-cell lung cancer which exhibited a high IFP of ∼28 mm Hg and, for comparison, in orthotopic MCF7 human breast tumors which exhibited a lower IFP of ∼14 mm Hg, both implanted in nude mice. The MRI protocol consisted of slow infusion of the contrast agent [gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (GdDTPA)] into the blood for ∼2 hours, sequential acquisition of images before and during the infusion, and measurements of T1 relaxation rates before infusion and after blood and tumor GdDTPA concentration reached a steady state. Image analysis yielded parametric images of steady-state tissue GdDTPA concentration with high values of this concentration outside the tumor boundaries, ∼1 mmol/L, declining in the tumor periphery to ∼0.5 mmol/L, and then steeply decreasing to low or null values. The distribution of steady-state tissue GdDTPA concentration reflected the distribution of IFP, showing an increase from the rim inward, with a high IFP plateau inside the tumor. The changes outside the borders of the tumors with high IFP were indicative of convective transport through the interstitium. This work presents a noninvasive method for assessing the spatial distribution of tumor IFP and mapping barriers to drug delivery and transport. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4159-66)
Intravenous iloprost for pulmonary arterial hypertension: still waiting for evidence
Authors: S. Provencher, O. Sitbon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Irrespective of its aetiology, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious disorder that results in right ventricular dysfunction, functional impairment and, ultimately, right heart failure and death. Over the last 20 yrs, significant advances in our understanding of the disease have led to the development of new, specific treatments. In 1996, a placebo-controlled trial demonstrated significant survival benefit with intravenous epoprostenol in severe idiopathic PAH 1. Observational studies also suggested epoprostenol was associated with improved long-term outcomes 2, 3. Subcutaneous treprostinil was subsequently shown to improve exercise capacity in PAH 4. More recently, i.v. treprostinil was approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration in cases of intolerable subcutaneous infusion site pain based on a bioequivalence study 5 and prospective open-label trials 6, 7. Finally, randomised placebo-controlled trials documented the efficacy of inhaled iloprost either as monotherapy 8, or in addition to bosentan 9. These drugs are now part of the recommended treatment algorithm for PAH 10, together with endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors.

Conversely, data on clinical efficacy of i.v. iloprost in PAH have been scarce. Iloprost is a stable synthetic analogue of prostacyclin 11. It possesses several pharmacological advantages over epoprostenol including enhanced chemical stability at room temperature and increased half-life, resulting in less frequent reservoir changes and the potential to avoid life-threatening events in case of sudden infusion interruption. Short-term open-label 12 and observational 13 studies suggested i.v. iloprost was effective in improving exercise capacity and pulmonary haemodynamics in PAH. However, these studies were limited in …
Traumatic arterial dissection in open-heart surgery.
Authors: A F Matar, D N Ross
Journal: Thorax (1967)

During the past few years there have been an increasing number of reports in the medical literature of cases of traumatic dissection as a result of cannulation of the femoral or iliac arteries and retrograde perfusion during open- heart surgery (Jones, Vetto, Winterscheid, Dillard, and Merendino, 1960; Elliott and Roe, 1965).Over the past two years (October 1963 to October 1965) in 160 open-heart operations performed at the National Heart Hospital, five cases of traumatic arterial dissections were encountered with an incidence of 3-1%.CASE REPORTS CASE 1 F. W. (Hospital no. 1032)A man aged 60 years presented with a five years' history of angina on effort, dyspnoea on exertion, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.Previously he had been asympto- matic, though a heart murmur was heard at the age of 25 years.On examination there was well-marked arcus senilis.B.P. 110/65 mm.Hg.There were physical signs of rigid aortic stenosis with minimal regurgitation.A chest radiograph showed marked post-sten-otic dilatation of the ascending aorta and calcification in the region of the aortic valve.An aortogram showed severely stenosed and immobile aortic cusps and minimal-to-moderate aortic knuckle.A cine-aortogram after injection of dye at this level demonstrated considerable narrowing of the true aortic lumen.There was a soft tissue shadow of the dissection lying beside the lumen.
1059 CRITICAL ROLE OF TNF-RECEPTOR 1 BUT NOT 2 IN HEPATIC STELLATE CELL PROLIFERATION, EXTRACELLULAR MATRLX REMODELING AND LIVER FIBROGENESIS
Authors: N. Tarrats, A. Moles, A. Morales, C. Garcia-Ruiz, J. Fernandez-Checa, M. Mari
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Unexpected lung lesions in high resolution computed tomography (HRTC) among patients with advanced HIV disease
Authors: SA Guillemi, CA Staples, JC Hogg, AN Le, LM Lawson, MT Schechter, JS Montaner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The present pilot study was undertaken to characterize the frequency of lung lesions in asymptomatic human deficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals with advanced HIV disease. Thirty two consecutive HIV+ homosexual males assessed for initiation of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis, were prospectively studied. All patients underwent a complete medical history, physical examination, pulmonary function tests and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). HRCT scans were read by a single radiologist, who was blind as to the clinical status of the patient. Unexpected HRCT scan lesions were found in 60% of patients. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with normal and abnormal HRCT with respect to age, height, weight, CD4+ count, smoking history, serum albumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin level or body mass index. Forced vital capacity (FVC) (% of predicted) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (% pred) were not significantly different between groups. For patients with normal and abnormal HRCT forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (% pred) was 99 +/- 12 vs 92 +/- 16, FEV1/FVC was 82 +/- 5 vs 76 +/- 9, and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75) (% pred) was 100 +/- 24 vs 77 +/- 27, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between patients presenting with destructive versus nondestructive lung HRCT lesions. Our results demonstrate that as many as 60% of HIV-infected patients have unexpected abnormalities on HRCT at the time of starting PCP prophylaxis. We speculate that these lesions may contribute to the high frequency of spontaneous pneumothoraces previously reported in this patient population.
NHS plans new workforce for long term conditions
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Complement activation represents a crucial innate defense mechanism to invading microorganisms, but there is an eminent lack of understanding of the separate contribution of the different complement activation pathways to the host response during sepsis. We therefore investigated different innate host immune responses during cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in mice lacking either the alternative (fD<sup>−/−</sup>) or classical (C1q<sup>−/−</sup>) complement activation pathway. Both knockout mice strains showed a significantly reduced survival and increased organ dysfunction when compared with control mice. Surprisingly, fD<sup>−/−</sup> mice demonstrated a compensated bacterial clearance capacity as control mice at 6 h post CLP, whereas C1q<sup>−/−</sup> mice were already overwhelmed by bacterial growth at this time point. Interestingly, at 24 h after CLP, fD<sup>−/−</sup> mice failed to clear bacteria in a way comparable to control mice. However, both knockout mice strains showed compromised C3 cleavage during sepsis. Investigating potential causes for this discrepancy, we were able to demonstrate that despite normal bacterial clearance capacity early during the onset of sepsis, fD<sup>−/−</sup> mice displayed increased inflammatory cytokine generation and neutrophil recruitment into lungs and blood when compared with both control- and C1q<sup>−/−</sup> mice, indicating a potential loss of control over these immune responses. Further in vitro experiments revealed a strongly increased Nf-κB activation capacity in isolated neutrophils from fD<sup>−/−</sup> mice, supporting this hypothesis. Our results provide evidence for the new concept that the alternative complement activation pathway exerts a distinctly different contribution to the innate host response during sepsis when compared with the classical pathway.
Controlled trial comparing prednisolone with an elemental diet plus non-absorbable antibiotics in active Crohn's disease.
Authors: S Saverymuttu, H J Hodgson, V S Chadwick
Journal: Gut (1985)

In a randomised clinical trial, patients with moderately active Crohn's disease received either prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg/day plus a normal diet, or an elemental diet plus oral framycetin, colistin and nystatin. Patients were assessed using the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), ESR, and faecal granulocyte excretion quantified by 111In-autologous leucocytes. Five patients were intolerant of the elemental diet plus antibiotics and were withdrawn from the trial within 72 hours. Sixteen patients completed 10 days treatment on each regime. Fifteen of 16 patients on elemental diet plus antibiotics and all 16 patients on prednisolone improved with marked, but statistically indistinguishable falls in CDAI, ESR, and faecal granulocyte excretion between the two groups. Thus a regime decreasing the intraluminal concentration of bacteria and complex food molecules, was associated with rapid improvement in activity of Crohn's disease. This suggests that these intraluminal factors play a role in maintaining inflammation and that their removal or alteration offers an approach to management.
Molecular Subtyping of Breast Cancer from Traditional Tumor Marker Profiles Using Parallel Clustering Methods
Authors: Federico Ambrogi, Elia Biganzoli, Patrizia Querzoli, Stefano Ferretti, Patrizia Boracchi, Saverio Alberti, Ettore Marubini, Italo Nenci
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Recent small-sized genomic studies on the identification of breast cancer bioprofiles have led to profoundly dishomogeneous results. Thus, we sought to identify distinct tumor profiles with possible clinical relevance based on clusters of immunohistochemical molecular markers measured on a large, single institution, case series. Experimental Design: Tumor biological profiles were explored on 633 archival tissue samples analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Five validated markers were considered, i.e., estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), Ki-67/MIB1 as a proliferation marker, HER2/NEU, and p53 in their original scale of measurement. The results obtained were analyzed by three different clustering algorithms. Four different indices were then used to select the different profiles (number of clusters). Results: The best classification was obtained creating four clusters. Notably, three clusters were identified according to low, intermediate, and high ER/PR levels. A further subdivision in two biologically distinct subtypes was determined by the presence/absence of HER2/NEU and of p53. As expected, the cluster with high ER/PR levels was characterized by a much better prognosis and response to hormone therapy compared to that with the lowest ER/PR values. Notably, the cluster characterized by high HER2/NEU levels showed intermediate prognosis, but a rather poor response to hormone therapy. Conclusions: Our results show the possibility of profiling breast cancers by means of traditional markers, and have novel clinical implications on the definition of the prognosis of cancer patients. These findings support the existence of a tumor subtype that responds poorly to hormone therapy, characterized by HER2/NEU overexpression.
Killing of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by the Combination of Fludarabine and Oxaliplatin Is Dependent on the Activity of XPF Endonuclease
Authors: Alma Zecevic, Deepa Sampath, Brett Ewald, Rong Chen, William Wierda, William Plunkett
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) resistant to fludarabine-containing treatments responds to oxaliplatin-based therapy that contains fludarabine. We postulated that a mechanism for this activity is the incorporation of fludarabine into DNA during nucleotide excision repair (NER) stimulated by oxaliplatin adducts.We analyzed CLL cell viability, DNA damage, and signaling pathways in response to treatment by fludarabine, oxaliplatin, or the combination. The dependency of the combination on oxaliplatin-induced DNA repair was investigated using siRNA in CLL cells or cell line models of NER deficiency.Synergistic apoptotic killing was observed in CLL cells after exposure to the combination in vitro. Oxaliplatin induced DNA synthesis in CLL cells, which was inhibited by fludarabine and was eliminated by knockdown of XPF, the NER 5'-endonuclease. Wild-type Chinese hamster ovarian cells showed synergistic killing after combination treatment, whereas only additive killing was observed in cells lacking XPF. Inhibition of repair by fludarabine in CLL cells was accompanied by DNA single-strand break formation. CLL cells initiated both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways as evidenced by the loss of mitochondrial outer membrane potential and partial inhibition of cell death upon incubation with FasL antibody.The synergistic cell killing is caused by a mechanistic interaction that requires the initiation of XPF-dependent excision repair in response to oxaliplatin adducts, and the inhibition of that process by fludarabine incorporation into the repair patch. This combination strategy may be useful against other malignancies.
Association of Anti–Heat Shock Protein 65 Antibodies With Development of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kaushik Mandal, Marjan Jahangiri, Michael Mukhin, Jan Poloniecki, A. John Camm, Qingbo Xu
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequently encountered arrhythmia after cardiac surgery, but its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We hypothesize that autoimmune and inflammatory responses against heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) may be involved and hence examined the relationship between HSP65 autoantibodies and occurrence of postoperative AF.A prospective study of 329 patients undergoing elective primary CABG was undertaken. Cardiovascular risk factors, ECG characteristics, medications, and intraoperative and postoperative features were documented. Anti-HSP65 antibodies and C-reactive protein levels were measured in all preoperative blood samples with ELISA. Postoperative AF was defined as the characteristic arrhythmia, lasting for at least 15 minutes and confirmed on 12-lead ECG and occurring within the first postoperative week. This occurred in 62 patients (19%). In univariate analysis, HSP65 antibodies were significantly higher in patients with postoperative AF (P=0.02). History of previous myocardial infarction, duration of bypass, number of distal anastomosis, and duration of ventilation were also associated with AF (P<0.05), but C-reactive protein levels were not (P=0.13). Multivariate analysis confirmed the positive association of HSP65 antibodies with postoperative AF (OR, 1.41; P=0.04) independent of age, sex, other cardiovascular risk factors, severity of coronary artery disease, duration of ventilation, duration of bypass, and left ventricular function.We report a novel association between anti-HSP65 antibodies and occurrence of postoperative AF, indicating a possible role for antibody-mediated immune response in its pathogenesis.
High frequency of lambda gene activation in bone marrow pre-B cells.
Authors: S I Nishikawa, T Kina, J I Gyotoku, Y Katsura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The frequency of lambda light chain (L) producing cells in immunoglobulin-producing cells that have been generated in vitro from bone marrow pre-B cells was investigated. The frequency of lambda-producing cells obtained in such a culture was three- to eightfold higher than that observed in the culture of mature spleen B cells. These results suggest that the activation of lambda gene at pre-B cell stage occurs far more frequently than the frequency presumed from the percentage of lambda-bearing cells in mature B cells.