tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Site of first progression (PR) differs between stage III NSCLC patients treated with simultaneous radiochemotherapy (RTCT) and those treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone following induction chemotherapy (CT)
Authors: Amanda Tufman, Tibor Schuster, Astrid Borgmeier, Michael Schmidt, Kurt Ulm, Michael Flentje, Rudolf Maria Huber
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  RTCT can be curative in stage III NSCLC; however, most tumours progress despite intensive treatment. Efforts to understand and predict PR after RTCT are ongoing.  The CTRT 99/97 Bronchial Carcinoma Therapy (BROCAT) study (Huber et al., JCO 2006) showed that, after induction CT with paclitaxel and carboplatin, RTCT with paclitaxel leads to longer PFS than RT alone. Here we present site of first PR data for patients in the BROCAT trial.  Methods:  We analysed site of first PR in the BROCAT study, comparing local, central nervous system (CNS), and systemic PR.  Results:  The BROCAT trial enrolled 303 patients, and, after induction CT, randomized 214 to RT (n=113) or RTCT (n=101). There was longer progression free survival in the RTCT arm, and a trend to longer overall survival.  Site of first PR was available for 102 of 165 patients with progression and differed significantly between the treatment arms (p   There was no significant association between histology and PR site (p = 0.328), but there was a trend to more CNS-PR in patients with large cell tumours compared to other histologies. Age and body mass index did not correlate with site of PR.  Conclusion:  RTCT seems to reduce the rate of systemic PR compared to RT after induction CT in Stage III NSCLC. It is not yet possible to predict which patients will benefit from which type and amount of additional CT.
Abstract 19231: Chemotactic Properties of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Angiotensin Ii Dependent Hypertension
Authors: Ryszard Nosalski, Tomasz Mikolajczyk, Ryszard Korbut, David Harrison, Tomasz Guzik
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction. Recent studies show that immune system is involved in hypertension (HT). Angiotensin II (AngII) causes accumulation of T cells in perivascular adipose tissue (pvAT) but precise mechanisms of their infiltration remain unclear. Hypothesis. RANTES and it’s receptors recruit T cells towards pvAT. Methods. Expression of chemokine receptors on peripheral blood T cells and chemokine ligands in pvAT was studied by flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR respectively. Chemotaxis of T cells towards pvAT, vAT (epidydymal AT) or RANTES was studied in Boyden chambers. Results. 14 day infusion of AngII (490mg/d/kg) was associated with significant increase in T cell content in pvAT with concomitant increase of RANTES mRNA expression (p&lt;0.001). Expression of other CCR5 ligands MCP-1, MIP-1α and MIP-1β was significantly decreased. AngII significantly increased total content of T cells in pvAT expressing receptors for RANTES: CCR1 (27.9±4.6% vs.15.7±1%), CCR3 (17.1±1.4% vs.10.5±1.4%), CCR5 (23.6±0.9% vs.17±0.9%), while having no effect in vAT. T cells showed increased chemotaxis towards pvAT obtained from AngII infused mice when compared to sham animals (4.4±0.7 vs.0.17±0.17; p&lt;0.01). Moreover pvAT attracted higher amount of T cells as compare to vAT (4.4±0.7% vs.0.8±0.1%; p&lt;0.05); there was minimal migration toward subcutaneous fat. Moreover RANTES (10ng/ml) recruited T cells, but not B cells, from blood. Ang II infusion increased chemotaxis of blood derived T cells towards RANTES by 2-fold (p&lt;0.01). However the most prominent chemotaxis potential was observed in pvAT isolated T cells from AngII treated mice (2.4±0.3% vs.0.8±0.2% in sham, p&lt;0.01). CD4-CD8- T cells were characterized by the highest rate of migration towards RANTES. In contrast, migration capability of T cells resident in vAT was of minimal rate. Conclusions. Ang II enhances T cell migration into pvAT but not vAT by increasing local RANTES expression. All known RANTES receptors are involved. And in particular CCR1 and CCR5 on CD3+CD4-CD8- cells.
Impact of lung disease on respiratory impedance in young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kathryn A. Ramsey, Sarath C. Ranganathan, Catherine L. Gangell, Lidija Turkovic, Judy Park, Billy Skoric, Stephen M. Stick, Peter D. Sly, Graham L. Hall
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) to detect underlying lung disease in preschool children with cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosed following newborn screening. 184 children (aged 3–6 years) with CF underwent lung function testing on 422 occasions using the FOT to assess respiratory resistance and reactance at the time of their annual bronchoalveolar lavage collection and chest computed tomography scan. We examined associations between FOT outcomes and the presence and progression of respiratory inflammation, infection and structural lung disease. Children with CF who had pronounced respiratory disease, including free neutrophil elastase activity, infection with pro-inflammatory pathogens and structural lung abnormalities had similar FOT outcomes to those children without detectable lung disease. In addition, the progression of lung disease over 1 year was not associated with worsening FOT outcomes. We conclude that the forced oscillation technique is relatively insensitive to detect underlying lung disease in preschool children with CF. However, FOT may still be of value in improving our understanding of the physiological changes associated with early CF lung disease.
Originator Erythropoietin Alpha Vs Biosimilar Erythropoietin Alpha vs Erythropoietin Zed Plus Liposomial Iron and b12 and Folates in Patients with Refractory Anemia. Five Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Giulio Giordano, Patrizia Mondello, Rosa Tambaro, Nicola Perrotta, Fabio D'amico, Giuseppe Berardi, Bruno Carabellese, Francesco Equitani
Journal: Blood (2014)
Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules protect motor neurons from astrocyte-induced toxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: SungWon Song, Carlos J Miranda, Lyndsey Braun, Kathrin Meyer, Ashley E Frakes, Laura Ferraiuolo, Shibi Likhite, Adam K Bevan, Kevin D Foust, Michael J McConnell, Christopher M Walker, Brian K Kaspar
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
To what degree do patients with advanced lung cancer want to be informed and involved in medical decision-making?: a multicentre study in 13 hospitals in Belgium
Authors: Koen Pardon, J. Van Meerbeeck, Denis Schallier, P. Germonpre, D. Galdermans, W. Van Kerckhoven, Jean Bernheim, Reginald Deschepper, F. Mortier, R. Vander Stichele, Luc Deliens
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
A Multimodal System with Synergistic Effects of Magneto-Mechanical, Photothermal, Photodynamic and Chemo Therapies of Cancer in Graphene-Quantum Dot-Coated Hollow Magnetic Nanospheres
Authors: Fangjie Wo, Rujiao Xu, Yuxiang Shao, Zheyu Zhang, Maoquan Chu, Donglu Shi, Shupeng Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

In this study, a multimodal therapeutic system was shown to be much more lethal in cancer cell killing compared to a single means of nano therapy, be it photothermal or photodynamic.Hollow magnetic nanospheres (HMNSs) were designed and synthesized for the synergistic effects of both magneto-mechanical and photothermal cancer therapy.By these combined stimuli, the cancer cells were structurally and physically destroyed with the morphological characteristics distinctively different from those by other therapeutics.HMNSs were also coated with the silica shells and conjugated with carboxylated graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a core-shell composite: HMNS/SiO 2 /GQDs.The composite was further loaded with an anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and stabilized with liposomes.The multimodal system was able to kill cancer cells with four different therapeutic mechanisms in a synergetic and multilateral fashion, namely, the magnetic field-mediated mechanical stimulation, photothermal damage, photodynamic toxicity, and chemotherapy.The unique nanocomposites with combined mechanical, chemo, and physical effects will provide an alternative strategy for highly improved cancer therapy efficiency.
Pre- and post-transplant quantification of measurable (‘minimal’) residual disease via multiparameter flow cytometry in adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Y Zhou, M Othus, D Araki, B L Wood, J P Radich, A B Halpern, M Mielcarek, E H Estey, F R Appelbaum, R B Walter
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Update on Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses — Worldwide, January 2017–June 2018
Authors: Jaume Jorba, Ousmane M. Diop, Jane Iber, Elizabeth Henderson, Kun Zhao, Roland W. Sutter, Steven G.F. Wassilak, Cara C. Burns
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988 (1), the number of polio cases worldwide has declined by >99.99%. Among the three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes, only type 1 (WPV1) has been detected since 2012. This decline is attributable primarily to use of the live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in national routine immunization schedules and mass vaccination campaigns. The success and safety record of OPV use is offset by the rare emergence of genetically divergent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), whose genetic drift from the parental OPV strains indicates prolonged replication or circulation (2). Circulating VDPVs (cVDPVs) can emerge in areas with low immunization coverage and can cause outbreaks of paralytic polio. In addition, immunodeficiency-associated VDPVs (iVDPVs) can emerge in persons with primary immunodeficiencies and can replicate and be excreted for years. This report presents data on VDPVs detected during January 2017-June 2018 and updates previous VDPV summaries (3). During this reporting period, new cVDPV outbreaks were detected in five countries. Fourteen newly identified persons in nine countries were found to excrete iVDPVs. Ambiguous VDPVs (aVDPVs), isolates that cannot be classified definitively, were found among immunocompetent persons and environmental samples in seven countries.
Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of IPF and lung cancer patients
Authors: Katerina Samara, Ioannis Giannarakis, Ismini Papanikoalou, Irini Lambiri, Nikos Siafakas, Katerina Antoniou
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

It is long recognised that lung cancer has an increased frequency in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), raising questions regarding the similarity of IPF and lung cancer biology. Matrix metalloproteinases regulate remodelling of the extracellular matrix, an important function for pathological processes such as angiogenesis, tissue repair and tumor invasion. We aim to assess the expression of this pathway in BALF samples of lung cancer patients and compare with IPF patients to examine possible pathogenetic links between these two lethal pulmonary diseases.  We prospectively studied 23 newly diagnosed patients, with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 10 IPF patients and 10 healthy controls (C). MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 mRNA expression levels were measured in BALF by real time RT-PCR. MMP7 protein levels were measured in BALF supernatants using ELISA kit.  mRNA expression of MMPs 2,7,9 and TIMP1 was significantly increased in lung cancer compared to controls (p  Increased expression of MMP-7 in both m-RNA and protein level may suggest a common link between those lethal disorders. Given that our population was newly diagnosed, the over-expression of these markers could be predictive of tumor progression, migratory behaviour and metastasis potential.
OC-011 Demographic, clinical and genetic factors associated with dysbiosis in patients with active Crohn's disease
Authors: J L Benjamin, A Koutsoumpas, C R H Hedin, S C Ng, N J Prescott, P Pessoa-Lopes, C G Mathew, M A Kamm, A L Hart, J D Sanderson, S C Knight, A Forbes, A J Stagg, J O Lindsay, K Whelan
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Crohn9s Disease (CD) is associated with an intestinal dysbiosis. The major bacterial group bacteroides may be associated with inflammation, while bifidobacteria and <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> are immuno-regulatory. The NOD2 and autophagy genes, which code for bacterial recognition receptors, supports the role for the intestinal microbiota in CD. In addition, smoking results in more severe CD, while ileal involvement results in higher rates of surgical resection. <h3>Methods</h3> The aim was to investigate the demographic, clinical and genetic factors associated with dysbiosis in CD. Patients (n=101) with active CD (CDAI≥220) were recruited. Demographic and clinical information was collected. Blood samples were taken for genotyping of NOD2, IRGM and ATG16L1 genes. Faecal samples were collected and analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation, using a DNA stain for total cells and fluorescently labelled probes targeting 16S rRNA of bifidobacteria, bacteroides, Lactobacillus, <i>E coli</i> and <i>F prausnitzii</i>. <h3>Results</h3> Smokers (n=29) had significantly higher proportions of bacteroides (mean 38.8%, SD 13.7) compared with non-smokers (n=72) (28.33%, 12.6, p&lt;0.001). The lower concentrations of <i>F prausnitzii</i> in smokers (mean 8.4, SD 0.9 log10 cells/g) compared with non-smokers (8.8, 1.0 log10 cells/g), approached significance (p=0.09). There were higher proportions of bacteroides in the 78 patients with ileal involvement (mean 32.7%, SD 14.2) compared with 23 patients without (26.6%, 10.8, p=0.058). Patients with ileal involvement also had lower proportions (mean 7.0%, SD 11.0 vs 18.1%, 20.0, p=0.001) and concentrations (mean 8.5, SD 1.0 vs 9.3, 0.7 log10 cells/g, p&lt;0.001) of <i>F prausnitzii</i> compared to those without. Risk variants in NOD2 or ATG16L1 genes were not associated with differences in bacteria. Patients who had risk variants in the IRGM gene had lower proportions of bifidobacteria compared to those without (mean 14.8%, SD 8.2 vs 20.7%, 16.7, p=0.078), approaching significance. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Smokers and patients with ileal involvement have luminal microbiota consisting of significantly higher bacteroides and lower immuno-regulatory <i>F prausnitzii</i>. This may indicate a potential mechanism through which the negative effects of smoking on Crohn9s disease are mediated.
Abstract 13278: {beta}-Catenin Inhibition of NaV1.5 Requires both TCF4 and FoxO1 in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ning Wang, Benzhi Cai, Xiang Li, Yan Lu, Bo Ye, Faqian Li, Haodong Xu
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Wnt/β-catenin/TCF4 signaling plays many roles in cardiac diseases, but its function in the regulation of cardiac ion channels is largely unknown. Our previous study revealed that oxidat...
A randomized phase I trial of melphalan + bortezomib as conditioning for autologous transplant for myeloma
Authors: J. L. Kaufman, E. K. Waller, C. Torre, S. McMillan, A. Langston, C. Flowers, M. Lechowicz, M. Tighiouart, S. Lonial
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

17550 High dose chemotherapy and autologous transplant (HDT) clearly benefits most patients with myeloma, but the addition of chemotherapy or TBI to melphalan (M) does not improve outcomes. Bortezomib (B) is a proteasome inhibitor which synergizes with chemotherapy due to its effects on DNA repair enzymes. Recent data has shown that B upregulates the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1, which would suggest that B followed by M is inferior to M followed by B. We designed a randomized phase I trial combining B and Melphalan 200 mg/m 2 (Mel200) in order to determine the toxicity, optimal dose and sequence of administration. Patients were randomized to receive either B 24 hours before Mel 200 or B 24 hours after Mel 200. Standard transplant criteria were used with the addition of requiring measurable numbers of plasma cells at the time of transplant. Enrolled patients underwent BM aspirate on day -4 (before B) and day 0 (before PBSC infusion). Bone marrows were tested for apoptosis, and myeloma cells were sorted for protein analysis. Age range was 48–74 years. Prior therapy has included Velcade (n = 2, both responsive) thalidomide (n = 2) and prior melphalan in 2 (1 HDT). Time to WBC and Plt engraftment were not different from historical cohorts receiving MEL 200 alone. Four patients have been randomized to date with 3 in the B “before“ arm, and 1 in the B “after” arm. Of the 3 patients who received B before M, day 0 bone marrow revealed minimal changes in marrow myeloma cell apoptosis in two patients, and in one patient a &gt;20 fold increase in myeloma cell apoptosis on the day 0 marrow sample when compared to the day - 4 marrow. In the patient enrolled in the B after M arm, there was a 10 fold increase in the day 0 marrow myeloma cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis for DNA repair enzymes and MCL-1 on sorted tumor cells are planned, as is ELISA for secreted cytokines before and after therapy. Toxicity and response data with an update of the molecular correlates will be presented. The combination of B and M as conditioning for HDT is feasible. The optimal dose and sequence of administration remains unknown. Accrual continues. [Table: see text]
Further Observations on a Human Syncytial Virus From a Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma2
Authors: M. A. Epstein, B. G. Achong, G. Ball
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

A new virus, found earlier in cultured cells from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma, has been characterized further both biologically and morphologically. Immunologic tests showed that antisera to each of the morphologically similar known animal syncytial viruses failed to neutralize the virus; this demonstrated that the latter is immunologically distinct. Experiments with 5-bromo-2′deoxyuridine indicated that the virus probably possesses reverse transcriptase. The findings are discussed in relation to the animal syncytial viruses which, with the present agent, are considered to form a unique group. It is suggested that this group be designated Echino viruses because of the long spines covering the mature particles.
Rationale Developed by the Environmental Protection Agency for the Assessment of Carcinogenic Risks
Authors: R. E. Albert, R. E. Train, E. Anderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The intent of the Environmental Protection Agency's “Interim Guideline for Carcinogen Risk Assessment” is to provide an evaluation of the evidence regarding suspect carcinogens that encapsulates judgments on the quality and adequacy of data, the likelihood that the agent is a human carcinogen, and an estimate of the magnitude of the cancer burden that could be ascribed to the agent if no regulatory action were taken. Every effort should be made to reduce environmental contamination by carcinogens to the lowest possible level; this view stems from uncertainties about qualitative and quantitative extrapolations from animals to man, the lack of evidence for a dose threshold, the great range of possible interactions among environmental carcinogens and cofactors, and the broad spectrum of human susceptibility. New knowledge in the field of carcinogenesis is developing, and modifications of the Environmental Protection Agency's “Interim Guideline for Carcinogen Risk Assessment” must be made periodically.
Transformative Innovations in Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health over the Next 20 Years
Authors: Cyril M. Engmann, Sadaf Khan, Cheryl A. Moyer, Patricia S. Coffey, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

As part of the "Grand Convergence: Aligning Technologies and Realities in Global Health" Collection, Cyril Engmann and colleagues discuss promising innovations that have the potential to move the RMNCH agenda forward.
Cancer Communication in the Social Media Age
Authors: Mina S. Sedrak, Roger B. Cohen, Raina M. Merchant, Marilyn M. Schapira
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Cancer Communication in the Social Media AgeTwitter, a social networking site, is transforming communication. 1 Effective use of Twitter might be one way to communicate with the public about cancer clinical trials and increase awareness and enrollment. 2 Studies 3 have described cancer content on Twitter but, to our knowledge, none have examined the use of Twitter to share information about cancer clinical trials or to recruit patients for studies.We conducted a content analysis of tweets about lung cancer, described dialogues specific to lung cancer clinical trials, and examined where links embedded in tweets about therapeutic trials are leading the public.
Effects of aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review summarising a chapter in<i>Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of disease</i>(FYSS 2016)
Authors: E Swärdh, N Brodin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Besides pharmacological treatment, regular exercise is one of the cornerstones of care in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In many of the earlier studies of exercise in RA, the intensity of the exercise did not reach the current recommendations or is not described in satisfactory detail. This narrative review is based on randomised controlled trials with a detailed description of the exercise type, frequency, duration and intensity.There is moderate-quality evidence that short-term land-based aerobic exercise of moderate to high intensity augments oxygen uptake but does not improve muscle strength. Short-term water-based aerobic exercise of moderate to high intensity augments oxygen uptake; short term land-based aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise of moderate to high intensity augments oxygen uptake and muscle strength. Long-term land-based aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise of moderate to high intensity reduces activity limitations and improves both oxygen uptake and muscle strength.Clinicians should recommend that patients with RA participate in various types of exercise.
Abstract 20190: Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young is Frequently Associated With Cardiac Disease and Drug Use
Authors: Katherine S Allan, Laurie J Morrison, Jack V Tu, Arnold Pinter, Matthew R Common, Dhanisha Patel, Brian Nguyen, Cameron Landry, David Dorian, Paul Dorian
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Out-of-Hospital-Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) in young individuals is a tragic and unexpected event, often occurring in seemingly healthy individuals. We examined the etiologies and medications in a large urban cohort of young sudden death patients in order to ascertain the accuracy of this assumption. Methods: A prospective population-based registry of all OHCAs in the Toronto area was used to identify cases from 2009-2012. Eligible cases were defined as OHCA patients aged 2-45 who had “no obvious cause” as defined by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and hospital records, who died, and had a coroner record available. All cases were subsequently classified as primary cardiac or non-cardiac etiology by 3 reviewers (KA, AP, PD) using all available sources of information, including EMS reports, in-hospital data coroner investigative statements, autopsy, toxicology and police reports. Disagreement was resolved by consensus. Cardiac etiology was classified as one of: structural heart disease (HD), ischemic HD, primary arrhythmic, other or undetermined. A positive drug screen was defined as any psychoactive drug, ethanol, or drug of abuse detected at therapeutic, significant or toxic concentrations post-mortem. Cases were further subdivided by age (2-34 vs. 35-45) and gender. Results: A total of 470 patients were identified as having adjudicated primary cardiac etiologies. Causes of death and drug information are detailed in Table 1. Both men and women had a relatively high rate of psychoactive drug use (antipsychotics, antidepressants, and opioids). Overall, women had higher rates of medications compared to men. Conclusions: Younger, seemingly healthy OHCA patients die more often from structural heart disease than from primary arrhythmia disorders. The high rates of psychoactive drug use, as well as high rates of positive toxicology screens in this cohort suggests that prior illness and drugs may play an important role in the cause of sudden death.