tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Localization of sites of enhanced expression of endothelin-1 in the kidney of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.
Authors: L Y Deng, R Day, E L Schiffrin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Although the role of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, in hypertension remains unclear, there is evidence of its involvement in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, in which enhanced vascular production of endothelin-1 has been documented. The study presented here examined endothelin-1 gene expression in the kidney in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats by in situ hybridization histochemistry. A high specific activity 35S-labeled complementary RNA probe was used. Significant increases in abundance of endothelin-1 mRNA transcripts were found in the endothelium of renal vessels, and in capillary endothelial and mesangial cells of glomeruli of the remaining kidney of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, in comparison with unilaterally nephrectomized control rats. Enhanced expression of the endothelin-1 gene in the kidney of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats may participate in abnormalities of renal function in this model of hypertension, and thus contribute to the development and maintenance of elevated blood pressure.
Opioid Prescription After Pain Assessment: A Population-Based Cohort of Elderly Patients With Cancer
Authors: Lisa Barbera, Hsien Seow, Amna Husain, Doris Howell, Clare Atzema, Rinku Sutradhar, Craig Earle, Jonathan Sussman, Ying Liu, Deborah Dudgeon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The purpose of this study was to measure opioid prescription (OP) rates in elderly cancer outpatients around the time of assessment for pain and to evaluate factors associated with receiving OPs for those with severe pain.The cross-sectional cohort includes all patients with cancer in Ontario older than age 65 years who completed a pain assessment as part of a provincial initiative of systematic symptom screening. Patients were assigned to mutually exclusive categories by pain score severity: 0, 1 to 3 (mild), 4 to 6 (moderate), and 7 to 10 (severe). We linked multiple provincial health databases to examine the proportion of patients with an OP within 7 days after or 30 days before the assessment date. We examined factors associated with OPs for patients with pain scores of 7 to 10.The proportion of patients with an OP increased as pain score severity increased: 10% of those with no pain, 24% of those with mild pain, 45% of those with moderate pain, and 67% of those with severe pain. More specifically, for those with severe pain, 41% filled an OP within 7 days of assessment for pain, and 26% had an OP from the 30 days before assessment for pain, leaving 33% without an OP. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with OPs are younger age, male sex, comorbid illness, cancer type, and assessment at home.Despite a generous time window for capturing OPs, the proportion of patients without an OP seems high. Further knowledge translation is required to maximize the impact of the symptom screening initiative in Ontario and to optimize management of cancer-related pain.
BMA's campaign was not irresponsible, doctors' leader says
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The BMA has rejected accusations that its recent “Support Your Surgery” campaign concerning planned changes to general practice was “irresponsible” and alarmist.

The accusation was made by MPs on the parliamentary health select committee as part of its inquiry into the government’s NHS Next Stage Review , published in June.

At an evidence session MPs asked Hamish Meldrum, chairman of the BMA Council, whether in its campaign the BMA was interested more in protecting the interests of its members than in improving care of patients, to which he replied no.

“It has been misconstrued in many areas that the BMA was totally against any change and against GP led health centres [sometimes known as polyclinics]. That was not …
Maternal and Personal Cigarette Smoking Synergize to Increase Airflow Limitation in Adults
Authors: Mark N. Upton, George Davey Smith, Alex McConnachie, Carole L. Hart, Graham C. M. Watt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Susceptibility of the lungs to cigarette smoke is poorly understood. It is not known whether maternal smoking increases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk. In 1998 we reported an inverse association between maternal smoking (prerecorded) and FEV(1) in adults. Because FEV(1) and FVC are strongly correlated, it is unclear whether the association in question reflects a link with lung volume, airflow limitation, or both. We extended our original analysis to investigate whether maternal and personal smoking synergize to increase airflow limitation. We estimated residual FEV(1) to express FEV(1) variation that was not associated with FVC. Maternal smoking was inversely associated with FVC and FEV(1) irrespective of personal smoking. It was inversely associated with FEV(1)/FVC, forced midexpiratory flow rates (FEF(25-75) [mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC], FEF(25-75)/FVC), and residual FEV(1) in current smokers but not in never or former smokers (heterogeneity p = 0.016, 0.024, 0.021, and 0.016, respectively). We tested the clinical relevance of findings in ever smokers without asthma: 10 cigarettes/day maternal smoking increased prevalent COPD by 1.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.2-2.5) after adjustment for covariates. Maternal smoking impairs lung volume irrespective of personal smoking and appears to synergize with personal smoking to increase airflow limitation and COPD.
HTLV-III SEROPOSITIVITY IN EUROPEAN HAEMOPHILIACS EXPOSED TO FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE IMPORTED FROM THE USA
Authors: Mads Melbye, Rajan Madhok, PremS. Sarin, GordonD.O. Lowe, JamesJ. Goedert, KarinS. Froebel, RobertJ. Biggar, Stener Stenbjerg, CharlesD. Forbes, RobertC. Gallo, Peter Ebbesen
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
A REVIEW OF PHOTO-REACTIONS TO HALOGENATED SALICYLANILIDES
Authors: K. D. CROW, D. S. WILKINSON, P. E. OSMUNDSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article A REVIEW OF PHOTO‐REACTIONS TO HALOGENATED SALICYLANILIDES Get access K. D. CROW, K. D. CROW Departments of Dermatology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Sirindon (Dr. Crone), Wycombe General Hospital, High Wycombe (Dr. Wilkinson). and the Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr. Osmandsen) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. S. WILKINSON, D. S. WILKINSON Departments of Dermatology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Sirindon (Dr. Crone), Wycombe General Hospital, High Wycombe (Dr. Wilkinson). and the Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr. Osmandsen) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. E. OSMUNDSEN P. E. OSMUNDSEN Departments of Dermatology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Sirindon (Dr. Crone), Wycombe General Hospital, High Wycombe (Dr. Wilkinson). and the Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr. Osmandsen) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 3, 1 March 1969, Pages 180–185, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16003.x Published: 01 March 1969 Article history Accepted: 23 July 1968 Published: 01 March 1969
P60 Investigations in suspected lung cancer: patients' perspective: Abstract P60 Table 1.
Authors: KE Williams, A Boland, MJE Callister, E Paramasivam, D Ghosh
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> NICE recommend choosing “investigations that give the most information about diagnosis and staging with the least risk to the patient” when diagnosing and treating lung cancer. Patient experience data was collected in order to review our service and also as anecdotally it was felt that some investigations were better tolerated than others. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were identified following the weekly MDT; 127 consecutive adults who had undergone either EBUS, EUS, Bronchoscopy, FNA of a neck node or pleural aspiration were sent an anonymous, patient satisfaction questionnaire, 87 responded (69%). Simple questions regarding the practicalities of arranging the test were asked and participants were also required to rate their experience on a scale from1 (very poor) to 10 (excellent). Similarly they were asked to score various aspects of the investigations like pain and discomfort on a 10 point scale and the scores were compared between the investigations. <h3>Results</h3> All respondents felt they had received an adequate explanation of the test including the indication and risks. The highest rated investigation (on a 1 to 10 scale) was an US guided FNA of a neck node. See Table 1. The most ‘uncomfortable’ procedure was an EUS; this was also the endoscopic procedure that was most likely to be fully remembered. Less than 10% of patients undergoing a bronchoscopic procedure reported that they had full recall of the test. When asked whether they would have the procedure again if advised, no patient said they would never have the test again. The worst thing about the investigations was either cough or pain whilst the requirement to stay in one position was commented on by a significant number of patients undergoing a radiologically guided procedure. <h3>Conclusions</h3> No one test appeared significantly more tolerable than any other but EUS seem to be the most uncomfortable test. This information will help the team to present clinical equipoise when recommending investigations.
Cytokines kill malaria parasites during infection crisis: extracellular complementary factors are essential.
Authors: T S Naotunne, N D Karunaweera, G Del Giudice, M U Kularatne, G E Grau, R Carter, K N Mendis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Malaria infection crisis, at which the parasitemia drops precipitously and the parasite loses infectivity to the mosquito vector, occurs in many natural malaria systems, and has not been explained. We demonstrate that in a simian malaria parasite (Plasmodium cynomolgi in its natural host, the toque monkey), the loss of infectivity during crisis is due to the death of circulating intraerythrocytic gametocytes mediated by crisis serum. These parasite-killing effects in crisis serum are due to the presence in the serum of cytokines tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma, which are produced by the host as a result of the malaria infection. The killing activity of each cytokine is absolutely dependent upon the presence of additional, as yet unidentified factor(s) in the crisis serum.
Higher Peritoneal Transport Status Is Associated with Higher Mortality and Technique Failure in the Australian and New Zealand Peritoneal Dialysis Patient Populations
Authors: Markus Rumpsfeld, Stephen P McDonald, David W Johnson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Although early studies observed that peritoneal membrane transport characteristics were determinants of morbidity and mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, more recent investigations, such as the Ademex trial, have refuted these findings. The aim of this study was to determine whether baseline peritoneal transport status predicted subsequent survival in Australian and New Zealand PD patients. The study included all adult patients in Australia and New Zealand who commenced PD between April 1, 1999, and March 31, 2004, and had a peritoneal equilibration test (PET) performed within 6 mo of PD commencement. Times to death and death-censored technique failure were examined by Kaplan-Meier analyses and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. PET measurements were available in 3702 (72%) of the 5170 individuals who began PD treatment in Australia or New Zealand during the study period. In these patients, high transporter status was found to be a significant, independent predictor of death-censored technique failure (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 1.49; P = 0.03) and mortality (AHR 1.34; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.79, P = 0.02) compared with low-average transport status. High-average transport class was also associated with mortality (AHR 1.21; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.48; P = 0.047) but not death-censored technique failure (AHR 1.04; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.21) compared with low-average transport status. When transport status was alternatively analyzed as a continuous variable, dialysate:plasma creatinine ratio at 4 h was independently predictive of both death-censored technique failure (AHR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.295; P = 0.031) and death (AHR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.373; P = 0.036 per 0.1 change in dialysate:plasma creatinine). Peritoneal transport rate is a highly significant risk factor for both mortality and death-censored technique failure in the Australian and New Zealand incident PD patient populations.
Low energy diet and intracranial pressure in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: prospective cohort study
Authors: A. J. Sinclair, M. A. Burdon, P. G. Nightingale, A. K. Ball, P. Good, T. D. Matthews, A. Jacks, M. Lawden, C. E. Clarke, P. M. Stewart, E. A. Walker, J. W. Tomlinson, S. Rauz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Nuclei within cells are constantly subjected to compressive, tensile and shear forces, which regulate nucleoskeletal and cytoskeletal remodeling, activate signaling pathways and direct cell-fate decisions. Multiple rheological methods have been adapted for characterizing the response to applied forces of isolated nuclei and nuclei within intact cells. However, <i>in vitro</i> measurements fail to capture the viscoelastic modulation of nuclear stress-strain relationships by the physiological tethering to the surrounding cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and cells, and tissue-level architectures. Using an equiaxial stretching apparatus, we applied a step stress and measured nucleus deformation dynamics within living <i>C. elegans</i> nematodes. Nuclei deformed non-monotonically under constant load. Non-monotonic deformation was conserved across tissues and robust to nucleoskeletal and cytoskeletal perturbations, but it required intact Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex attachments. The transition from creep to strain recovery fits a tensile-compressive linear viscoelastic model that is indicative of nucleoskeletal-cytoskeletal decoupling under high load. Ce-lamin (<i>lmn-1</i>) knockdown softened the nucleus whereas nematode ageing stiffened equilibrium elasticity and decreased deformation recovery rate. Recovery lasted minutes due to physiological damping of the released mechanical energy thus protecting nuclear integrity and preventing chromatin damage.
Effect of a bacterial pheromone peptide on host chemokine degradation in group A streptococcal necrotising soft-tissue infections
Authors: Carlos Hidalgo-Grass, Mary Dan-Goor, Alexander Maly, Yoni Eran, Laura A Kwinn, Victor Nizet, Miriam Ravins, Joseph Jaffe, Amos Peyser, Allon E Moses, Emanuel Hanski
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Rhinovirus infections in infants: is respiratory syncytial virus ready for the challenge?
Authors: N. Regamey, L. Kaiser
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Human rhinoviruses are the leading cause of upper respiratory tract infections ( i.e. the common cold) in both adults and children 1. On average, adults experience one rhinovirus infection each year, whereas, in young children, it is a more frequent occurrence. Although rhinovirus infections are limited to the common cold in most cases, they are also a frequent cause of acute sinusitis and otitis media (subsequently leading to antibiotic overuse). Rhinovirus tropism and replication, however, is not limited to the upper respiratory tract. It has been recognised that rhinoviruses can replicate in the lower respiratory tract and lead to lower respiratory tract illnesses, particularly in the elderly, in immunocompromised patients and in children. It is has also been established that rhinoviruses contribute to the majority of asthma exacerbations in both adults and children, and to nearly half of all chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Given the technical difficulties involved in isolating rhinovirus in cell cultures, it has only been in recent years, with the advent of viral genome detection via RT-PCR, that a clearer understanding of the impact of these infections has emerged 2.

In infants, acute viral respiratory illnesses are the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Several recent community-based studies of infants at high risk of atopy or those attending day care have consistently found rhinoviruses to be the most frequent viruses associated with acute respiratory infections or wheezing illnesses 3–5. The leading role of rhinoviruses in infancy was recently corroborated in a birth cohort study of otherwise healthy infants, who were studied at the first acute respiratory infection with cough or wheeze 6. In addition, the potential severity of rhinovirus-associated diseases has been demonstrated by case series describing bronchiolitis, pneumonia and …
Response of the Rat Aortic Media to Hypertension
Authors: HARVEY WOLINSKY
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Clinical and experimental studies indicate that hypertension accelerates the development of arteriosclerosis. Morphological and chemical studies of the distended rat thoracic aorta were undertaken to define the structural and compositional alterations of the media which accompany hypertension and to relate these changes to increases in calculated medial stress. An 8-week period of hypertension was associated with significantly greater diameter, medial thickness, and cross-sectional area of the media of the thoracic aorta than in normotensive animals. Calculated wall tension was significantly higher in hypertensive animals, but the number of medial lamellar units was not greater than that usual in normotensive animals; this resulted in a strikingly elevated value for calculated tension per medial lamellar unit for the aortas of hypertensive animals. A highly significant linear relation was found between total tension and cross-sectional area of the media of the same segment. In addition, the absolute amounts of both medial elastin and collagen were increased in hypertensive animals; however, the percent of these elements remained essentially constant, indicating little change in the composition of aortic tissue. Increments in both fibrous proteins were linearly related to increases in calculated mural stress, and medial accumulations of elastin and collagen proceeded at similar rates. These findings demonstrate a linear relation among vessel dimensions and amounts of medial elastin and collagen and calculated wall tension.
Imatinib
Authors: Eric Wallace, Leslie Gewin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

The treatments for many autoimmune diseases are limited in efficacy, and long-term use is associated with severe adverse events. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors have proven to be well tolerated for long treatment periods, with minimal adverse events, in the oncology population. These agents have recently been used to treat autoimmune diseases. We review the potential mechanisms whereby tyrosine kinase inhibitors may modulate the immune response and inhibit fibrogenesis and discuss the current evidence for their use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases of the kidney.
In Vitro Fertilization in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is as Successful as in Women From the General Infertility Population
Authors: Sveta Shah Oza, Vikas Pabby, Laura E. Dodge, Vasiliki A. Moragianni, Michele R. Hacker, Janis H. Fox, Katharine Correia, Stacey A. Missmer, Yetunde Ibrahim, Alan S. Penzias, Robert Burakoff, Sonia Friedman, Adam S. Cheifetz
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Overexpression of Soluble Fas Attenuates Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Rat Aortic Allografts
Authors: Tao Wang, Chunming Dong, Susan C. Stevenson, Edward E. Herderick, Jennifer Marshall-Neff, Sanjay S. Vasudevan, Nicanor I. Moldovan, Robert E. Michler, N. Rao Movva, Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— The killing of vascular cells by activated macrophages is an important step in the process of destabilization of the arterial wall. The death receptor Fas is implicated in vascular cell death. Hence, we extended our studies in a rat aortic allograft model, using adenovirus-mediated overexpression of soluble Fas (sFas) to block Fas binding to Fas ligand (Fas-L). The contribution of Fas to vascular cell injury and consequent transplant arteriosclerosis was investigated. Methods and Results— Activated monocytes in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor induce endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro, which was significantly inhibited by adenovirus-mediated sFas overexpression. Next, donor rat abdominal aortas were either untreated or transduced with adenoviruses encoding (1) rat soluble Fas (Ad3rsFas), (2) no insert (Ad3Null), and (3) β-galactosidase (Ad3nBg). A total of 175 aortic grafts were harvested 2 to 90 days after transplantation. Vascular cell apoptosis and CD45+ cell infiltration were significantly reduced in Ad3rsFas-transduced aortas, as compared with control allografts. Moreover, the control allografts developed marked intimal thickening, whereas Ad3rsFas-transduced allografts had significantly less neointima until the 90-day time point. Conclusions— sFas overexpression protects the integrity of the vessel wall from immune injury and attenuates transplant arteriosclerosis.
Potential Role of a Novel Transcriptional Coactivator PELP1 in Histone H1 Displacement in Cancer Cells
Authors: Sujit S. Nair, Sandip K. Mishra, Zhibo Yang, Seetharaman Balasenthil, Rakesh Kumar, Ratna K. Vadlamudi
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The estrogen receptor plays an important role in breast cancer progression. Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), also called modulator of nongenomic activity of estrogen receptor (MNAR), a novel coactivator of estrogen receptor, modulates estrogen receptor transactivation functions. The mechanisms by which PELP1 modulates estrogen receptor genomic functions is not known. Here, using biochemical and scanning confocal microscopic analysis, we have demonstrated nuclear localization and functional implications of PELP1. Subnuclear fractionation showed PELP1 association with chromatin and nuclear matrix fractions. Ligand stimulation promoted recruitment of PELP1 to 17β-estradiol responsive promoters, its colocalization with acetylated H3, and increased PELP1-associated histone acetyltransferase enzymatic activity. Far Western analysis revealed that PELP1 interacts with histone 1 and 3, with more preference toward histone 1. Using deletion analysis, we have identified the PELP1 COOH-terminal region as the histone 1 binding site. The PELP1 mutant lacking histone 1-binding domain acts as a dominant-negative and blocks estrogen receptor α-mediated transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed a cyclic association and dissociation of PELP1 with the promoter, with recruitment of histone 1 and PELP1 occurring in opposite phases. PELP1 overexpression increased the micrococcal nuclease sensitivity of estrogen response element-containing nucleosomes. Our results provide novel insights about the transcription regulation of PELP1 and suggest that PELP1 participates in chromatin remodeling activity via displacement of histone 1 in cancer cells.