tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Services in Europe*
Authors: S. Bonini, I.J. Ansotegui, S. Durham, A.J. Frew, J. Lötvall, K. Nekam, T. Popov, R. Dahl, J. Gayraud, R. Gerth van Wijk, K. Kontou‐Fili, M. Kowalski, A. Todo‐Bon, U. Wahn
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ACI) is an area of clinical medicine with a precise identity, relevant recent scientific achievements and well‐defined educational and professional needs. In spite of the high individual and socio‐economic impact of allergic diseases in Europe, the organization of ACI services is imperfect and varies among countries according to their health policies and priorities. In the firm belief of the role of ACI specialists in addressing clinical issues related to the involvement of the immune system in health and diseases—such as vaccination, immunodeficiencies, susceptibility and response to microbial agents, autoimmune and allergic diseases, immune aspects of transplantation and malignancies, in vivo and in vitro immunological tests, vaccinations, immuno‐modifiers—the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology appointed an ad hoc Task Force to produce standards for ACI Services in Europe. The resulting position paper should be used as a consulting reference for National Health Services as a necessary pre‐requisite for the free circulation to patients and health care professionals.
Hereditary tyrosinemia type I. Self-induced correction of the fumarylacetoacetase defect.
Authors: E A Kvittingen, H Rootwelt, P Brandtzaeg, A Bergan, R Berger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Two Norwegian patients with chronic tyrosinemia type I showed > 50% residual fumarylacetoacetase activity in liver samples obtained during liver transplantation. The enzyme characteristics of both patients were comparable with those of a normal control. Immunohistochemistry on liver sections from these patients and from three other Norwegian tyrosinemia patients revealed a mosaicism of fumarylacetoacetase immunoreactivity corresponding completely or partly to some of the regenerating nodules. This appearance of enzyme protein is presumably induced by the disease process. The mechanism involved remains unclear and could be caused by a genetic alteration, regained translation of messenger RNA, or to enhanced stability of an abnormal enzyme.
The galectin-3/RAGE dyad modulates vascular osteogenesis in atherosclerosis
Authors: Stefano Menini, Carla Iacobini, Carlo Ricci, Claudia Blasetti Fantauzzi, Laura Salvi, Carlo M. Pesce, Michela Relucenti, Giuseppe Familiari, Maurizio Taurino, Giuseppe Pugliese
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Vascular calcification correlates with inflammation and plaque instability in a dual manner, depending on the spotty/granular (micro) or sheet-like/lamellated (macro) pattern of calcification. Modified lipoproteins trigger both inflammation and calcification via receptors for advanced lipoxidation/glycation endproducts (ALEs/AGEs). This study compared the roles of galectin-3 and receptor for AGEs (RAGE), two ALEs/AGEs-receptors with diverging effects on inflammation and bone metabolism, in the process of vascular calcification. We evaluated galectin-3 and RAGE expression/localization in 62 human carotid plaques and its relation to calcification pattern, plaque phenotype, and markers of inflammation and vascular osteogenesis; and the effect of galectin-3 ablation and/or exposure to an ALE/AGE on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteogenic differentiation. While RAGE co-localized with inflammatory cells in unstable regions with microcalcification, galectin-3 was expressed also by VSMCs, especially in macrocalcified areas, where it co-localized with alkaline phosphatase. Expression of galectin-3 and osteogenic markers was higher in macrocalcified plaques, whereas the opposite occurred for RAGE and inflammatory markers. Galectin-3-deficient VSMCs exhibited defective osteogenic differentiation, as shown by altered expression of osteogenic transcription factors and proteins, blunted activation of pro-osteoblastogenic Wnt/β-catenin signalling and proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, and disorganized mineralization. These abnormalities were associated with RAGE up-regulation, but were only in part prevented by RAGE silencing, and were partially mimicked or exacerbated by treatment with an AGE/ALE. These data indicate a novel molecular mechanism by which galectin-3 and RAGE modulate in divergent ways, not only inflammation, but also vascular osteogenesis, by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling, and independently of ALEs/AGEs.
Type 2 Diabetes, Medication-Induced Diabetes, and Monogenic Diabetes in Canadian Children
Authors: Shazhan Amed, Heather J. Dean, Constadina Panagiotopoulos, Elizabeth A.C. Sellers, Stasia Hadjiyannakis, Tessa A. Laubscher, David Dannenbaum, Baiju R. Shah, Gillian L. Booth, Jill K. Hamilton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

To determine in Canadian children aged <18 years the 1) incidence of type 2 diabetes, medication-induced diabetes, and monogenic diabetes; 2) clinical features of type 2 diabetes; and 3) coexisting morbidity associated with type 2 diabetes at diagnosis.
Genome-Wide Somatic Copy Number Alterations in Low-Grade PanINs and IPMNs from Individuals with a Family History of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Seung-Mo Hong, Audrey Vincent, Mitsuro Kanda, Julie Leclerc, Noriyuki Omura, Michael Borges, Alison P. Klein, Marcia Irene Canto, Ralph H. Hruban, Michael Goggins
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Characterizing the earliest chromosomal alterations of pancreatic precursor neoplasms from individuals with a familial aggregation of pancreatic cancer may provide clues as to the loci of pancreatic cancer susceptibility genes.We used Illumina 370/660K SNP arrays to conduct genome-wide copy number analysis in 60 benign neoplasms [58 mostly low-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) and two pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET)] and matched normal tissues from 16 individuals with a family history of pancreatic cancer. PanINs and IPMNs were analyzed for KRAS codon 12/13 mutations.Of 40 benign neoplasms with adequate SNP calls and allele ratios, somatic chromosomal copy number changes were identifiable in only nine lesions, including eight of the 38 PanIN/IPMNs (two of which had identical alterations) and one of the two PNETs. Only two precursor lesions had more than one somatic copy number alteration. In contrast, the overwhelming majority (∼95%) of PanINs harbored KRAS mutations. The chromosomal alterations identified included nine chromosomal arms affected by chromosomal loss and two by chromosomal gain. Copy number loss spanning 9p21.3 was identified in three precursor lesions; two precursors had chromosomal losses affecting 6q and 17p.Low- and intermediate-grade PanINs and IPMNs from patients with a family history of pancreatic cancer harbor few if any somatic chromosomal alterations. The absence of a locus of recurrent chromosomal loss in most low-grade pancreatic cancer precursor lesions supports the hypothesis that there is no one tumor suppressor gene locus consistently involved in initiating familial pancreatic neoplasia.
AN UNUSUAL RESPONSE TO THE THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST
Authors: HAROLD KAPLAN, HERBERT HAUCK, MILTON L. KLEINMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

An unusual response to the Thematic perception Test is reported in which verse was used as the means of expression. These verses were composed extemporaneously by a patient who had never before shown any verse-making proclivity. Accompanying the report is a personal history of the patient.
Cough * 2: Chronic cough in children
Authors: J C de Jongste
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Chronic cough is a common problem in childhood. Viral infections are the most prevalent cause, but other rarer disorders should be excluded whenever cough appears unusually severe and/or frequent, and when there is evidence of failure to thrive and growth retardation. The younger the child, the more the need to exclude underlying disease at an early stage. Passive smoking is an important contributor to chronic cough in children. Chronic productive cough with purulent sputum is always reason for concern in children and is not common as a symptom of asthma. More or less specific diagnoses in children include cystic fibrosis, aspirated foreign body, congenital anatomic abnormalities and primary ciliary dyskinesia.
Regulation of vascular physiology and pathology by the S1P2 receptor subtype
Authors: A. Skoura, T. Hla
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is now recognized as a lipid mediator that acts via G-protein-coupled receptors. S1P receptors couple to various heterotrimeric G-proteins and regulate downstream targets and ultimately cell behaviour. The prototypical S1P1 receptor is known to couple to Gi and regulates angiogenesis, vascular development, and immune cell trafficking. In this review, we focus our attention on the S1P2 receptor, which has a unique G-protein-coupling property in that it preferentially activates the G12/13 pathway. Recent studies indicate that the S1P2 receptor regulates critical intracellular signalling pathways, such as Rho GTPase, the phosphatase PTEN, and VE-cadherin-based adherens junctions. Analysis of mutant mice has revealed the critical role of this receptor in inner ear physiology, heart and vascular development, vascular remodelling, and vascular tone, permeability, and angiogenesis in vertebrates. These studies suggest that selective modulation of S1P2 receptor function by pharmacological tools may be useful in a variety of pathological conditions.
Maximal anaerobic power in national level Indian players.
Authors: J. L. Bhanot, L. S. Sidhu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

The comparative study of aerobic power in different sports was conducted on 99 National Senior as well as National Junior players specialised in hockey and football, field games; volleyball and basketball, court games. The National Seniors were 27 hockey and 16 volleyball players, whereas, 32 football and 24 basketball players were the National Juniors. The maximal anaerobic power of the players was determined from maximal vertical velocity and body weight by the methods of margaria. The football players have been found to be highest followed by hockey, volleyball and basketball players in vertical velocity. It is observed that field game players are higher than the court game players in vertical velocity and that volleyball players possess higher maximum anaerobic power than football, hockey and basketball players.
Randomised controlled trial for emphysema with a selective agonist of the γ-type retinoic acid receptor
Authors: Jan Stolk, Robert A. Stockley, Berend C. Stoel, Brendan G. Cooper, Eeva Piitulainen, Niels Seersholm, Kenneth R. Chapman, Jonathan G.W. Burdon, Marc Decramer, Raja T. Abboud, Gregorius P.M. Mannes, Emiel F. Wouters, Jeffrey E. Garrett, Juan C. Barros-Tizon, Erich W. Russi, David A. Lomas, William A. MacNee, Alexis Rames
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Palovarotene is an oral γ-selective retinoid agonist. In animal emphysema models, palovarotene reduced inflammation, promoted structural repair and functional improvement. REPAIR (Retinoid treatment of Emphysema in Patients on the α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin International Registry), was an investigator-initiated, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study to assess the safety and efficacy of 5 mg·day<sup>−1</sup> palovarotene given for 1 year to 262 patients with severe α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency and emphysema confirmed by computed tomography. Change in volume-adjusted 15th percentile point lung density from baseline in 1 year was the primary end-point; functional end-points were also regularly assessed. We randomly assigned 133 and 129 patients to placebo or palovarotene, respectively. Both groups were well matched for all baseline characteristics, including respiratory medications. 88% and 85% of patients completed 1 year of treatment with placebo and palovarotene, respectively. Palovarotene was generally well tolerated. In the study completers population, the placebo-corrected difference of lung density was -0.45 HU at week 28 (p=0.64) and -0.25 HU at week 52 (p=0.94). A nonsignificant treatment difference in most functional parameters of the lung in favour of the drug was observed over time suggesting potential pharmacological effects of palovarotene. Palovarotene 5 mg·day<sup>−1</sup> over 1 yr failed to show a significant benefit on lung density in moderate-to-severe emphysema secondary to severe α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency.
Vitamin D and Falls—Fitting New Data With Current Guidelines
Authors: Erin S. LeBlanc, Roger Chou
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Hypoglycemia, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Cyrus V. Desouza, Geremia B. Bolli, Vivian Fonseca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Diabetes is at epidemic proportions in the U.S. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk for micro- and macrovascular complications. The benefit of glycemic control in decreasing the risk for microvascular disease is well established. However, the role of glycemic control in decreasing macrovascular complications has been controversial. Several large clinical trials looking at this issue have either shown no benefit or even potential harm. The possibility of hypoglycemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular events is a topic of much debate. In this review article, we discuss the evidence for and against this hypothesis and the possible mechanisms that might be involved.

Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The link between glycemic control and microvascular complications has been firmly established (1,2). However, the association between glycemic control and macrovascular disease is mainly obtained from epidemiological studies, and intensive glucose control has often failed to reduce macrovascular events. Intensive glucose control invariably increases the risk of hypoglycemia and sometimes the severity of hypoglycemia (2) Several epidemiological studies and smaller prospective studies have linked hypoglycemia to increased cardiovascular risk (3⇓–5). Recent large randomized trials looking at intensive glycemic control have either shown no benefit (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation [ADVANCE] and Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial [VADT]) or increased all cause mortality (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes [ACCORD]) (6). While the reason for the increased mortality is unclear and hypoglycemia has not been implicated as a cause of death, these studies have increased the debate about the degree of glycemic control required to decrease diabetes complications and the role of hypoglycemia in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

The modern definition of hypoglycemia is plasma glucose <70 mg/dl (7⇓–9). At plasma glucose …
Increased narrowing of bronchial segments from immature pigs
Authors: HW Mitchell, PK McFawn, MP Sparrow
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Bronchial narrowing was investigated to determine whether changes in smooth muscle force, described previously in different aged pigs, are associated with differences in airway narrowing. The sensitivity of bronchial segments from suckling and young pigs was compared by perfusion through the lumen with a Krebs solution at a pressure of 5 cmH2O, measuring the reduction in flow in response to carbachol and histamine. Segments of the same internal diameter (i.d. approx. 2.5 mm) from each age were used by selecting proximal segments from suckling and distal segments from young pigs. The sensitivity to carbachol or histamine was the same in smooth muscle strips from proximal and distal bronchi in each age. Furthermore, segments from either age had a similar pressure-volume relationship between -10 and 30 cmH2O. However, concentration-flow curves showed that the airways from sucklings were five times more sensitive than airways from young animals to carbachol (p less than 0.01) and, less consistently, to histamine (p greater than 0.05), when flow was reduced by 50% of maximum. Flow was abolished by maximum concentrations of carbachol at both ages whereas histamine stopped flow in the young segments and reduced it by 80% in the suckling age group. Data indicate a greater sensitivity of bronchial narrowing to carbachol in the intact airway--this is consistent with a greater force production in suckling pig airway smooth muscle. These findings support a postnatal development of airway function, as suggested from clinical observations and provocation studies in humans.
Physiology of Atrioventricular Transmission
Authors: Chandler McC. Brooks, BRIAN F. HOFFMAN
Journal: Circulation (1961)

This paper describes records of the transmembrane action potential of fibers from different parts of the specialized conducting system and electrograms recorded directly from these fibers in situ. On the basis of these records it is possible to describe certain physiologic mechanisms for conduction delay, block, and supernormal conduction. In general, impaired conduction is associated with a reduced level of membrane potential. This may be caused by incomplete repolarization or partial depolarization. In the normal conducting system, local differences in, action-potential duration and local pacemaker activity most frequently are the cause of a low membrane potential. In disease states, on the other hand, many other factors may be operative. At the atrial margin of the atrioventricular (A-V) node, local anatomic and electrophysiologic properties of the fibers normally cause a very low conduction velocity. The safety factors for conduction here appear to be quite low, and delayed transmission or block often does not result from refractoriness or partial depolarization of nodal fibers. Supernormal conduction, at least in Purkinje fibers, seems to result from the high level of membrane potential reached at the end of repolarization. Whether other factors are responsible for supernormality within the A-V node remains to be seen.
Global Improvement of Vascular Function and Redox State With Low-Dose Folic Acid
Authors: Cheerag Shirodaria, Charalambos Antoniades, Justin Lee, Clare E. Jackson, Matthew D. Robson, Jane M. Francis, Stuart J. Moat, Chandi Ratnatunga, Ravi Pillai, Helga Refsum, Stefan Neubauer, Keith M. Channon
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Although dietary folate fortification lowers plasma homocysteine and may reduce cardiovascular risk, high-dose folic acid therapy appears to not alter clinical outcome. Folic acid and its principal circulating metabolite, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, improve vascular function, but mechanisms relating folate dose to vascular function remain unclear. We compared the effects of folic acid on human vessels using pharmacological high-dose versus low-dose treatment, equivalent to dietary folate fortification.Fifty-six non-folate-fortified patients with coronary artery disease were randomized to receive low-dose (400 microg/d) or high-dose (5 mg/d) folic acid or placebo for 7 weeks before coronary artery bypass grafting. Vascular function was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging before and after treatment. Vascular superoxide and nitric oxide bioavailability were determined in segments of saphenous vein and internal mammary artery. Low-dose folic acid increased nitric oxide-mediated endothelium-dependent vasomotor responses, reduced vascular superoxide production, and improved enzymatic coupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase through availability of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. No further improvement in these parameters occurred with high-dose compared with low-dose treatment. Whereas plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate increased proportionately with treatment dose of folic acid, vascular tissue 5-methyltetrahydrofolate showed no further increment with high-dose compared with low-dose folic acid.Low-dose folic acid treatment, comparable to daily intake and dietary fortification, improves vascular function through effects on endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vascular oxidative stress. High-dose folic acid treatment provides no additional benefit. These direct vascular effects are related to vascular tissue levels of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate rather than plasma levels. High-dose folic acid treatment likely confers no further benefit in subjects already receiving folate supplementation.
Identification of Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer Patients at Risk of Relapse Post-Resection by Immunobead Reverse Transcription-PCR Analysis of Peritoneal Lavage Fluid for Malignant Cells
Authors: Julia M. Lloyd, Cassandra M. McIver, Sally-Anne Stephenson, Peter J. Hewett, Nicholas Rieger, Jennifer E. Hardingham
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Colorectal cancer patients diagnosed with stage I or II disease are not routinely offered adjuvant chemotherapy following resection of the primary tumor. However, up to 10% of stage I and 30% of stage II patients relapse within 5 years of surgery from recurrent or metastatic disease. The aim of this study was to determine if tumor-associated markers could detect disseminated malignant cells and so identify a subgroup of patients with early-stage colorectal cancer that were at risk of relapse. Experimental Design: We recruited consecutive patients undergoing curative resection for early-stage colorectal cancer. Immunobead reverse transcription-PCR of five tumor-associated markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, laminin γ2, ephrin B4, matrilysin, and cytokeratin 20) was used to detect the presence of colon tumor cells in peripheral blood and within the peritoneal cavity of colon cancer patients perioperatively. Clinicopathologic variables were tested for their effect on survival outcomes in univariate analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was done to determine whether detection of tumor cells was an independent prognostic marker for disease relapse. Results: Overall, 41 of 125 (32.8%) early-stage patients were positive for disseminated tumor cells. Patients who were marker positive for disseminated cells in post-resection lavage samples showed a significantly poorer prognosis (hazard ratio, 6.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-19.6; P = 0.002), and this was independent of other risk factors. Conclusion: The markers used in this study identified a subgroup of early-stage patients at increased risk of relapse post-resection for primary colorectal cancer. This method may be considered as a new diagnostic tool to improve the staging and management of colorectal cancer.