tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung aging in morbid obesity and the relationship with pulmonary volumes
Authors: Eli Maria Pazzianotto-Forti, Fabiana Peixoto-Souza, Camila Mendes, Letícia Baltieri, Maria Imaculada Montebello, Irineu Rasera-Júnior, Marcela Barbalho-Moulin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Few researches focus on the behavior of lung age in relation to morbid obesity. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of morbid obesity in the lung age in women and correlate to anthropometrics and ventilatory variables. Methods: Cross-sectional study with morbidly obese (BMI≥40kg/m2) and control group consisting of normal weight women with BMI 18.5 to 24.9/m2. The subjects performed a pulmonary function test to determine lung age and the results were correlated to lung volumes. Results : 72 women with morbid obesity (BMI: 45.8 ± 5.4 kg / m²) and a control group of 37 lean women (BMI: 22.7± 1.9 kg/m²) were evaluated. The morbidly obese had significantly higher lung age (50.1±6.8 years) than lean women (38.8 ±11.4 years). There was no difference between chronological age of morbidly obese women (34.9±7.6 years) and lean women (34.6±6.8 years) respectively. There was a negative correlation among forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and lung age respectively (r = -0.7565, -0.8769, - 0.2723, -0.2417). Conclusion: Lung age is increased in morbidly obese and it is associated to decreased lung volumes. The calculation of lung age can be recommended for the morbidly obese to highlight pulmonary complications of obesity.
TARDBP mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with TDP-43 neuropathology: a genetic and histopathological analysis
Authors: Vivianna M Van Deerlin, James B Leverenz, Lynn M Bekris, Thomas D Bird, Wuxing Yuan, Lauren B Elman, Dana Clay, Elisabeth McCarty Wood, Alice S Chen-Plotkin, Maria Martinez-Lage, Ellen Steinbart, Leo McCluskey, Murray Grossman, Manuela Neumann, I-Lin Wu, Wei-Shiung Yang, Robert Kalb, Douglas R Galasko, Thomas J Montine, John Q Trojanowski, Virginia M-Y Lee, Gerard D Schellenberg, Chang-En Yu
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2008)
Distribution and degranulation of airway mast cells in normal and asthmatic subjects
Authors: N.G. Carroll, S. Mutavdzic, A.L. James
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

It was hypothesized that the distribution and activation of mast cells across the airway wall may reflect their function in asthma. The density of mast cells (intact and degranulated) within airway compartments in cartilaginous and membranous airways, obtained from autopsies on patients with fatal asthma, nonfatal asthma, and nonasthmatic control cases have been examined. In cartilaginous airways, the mean±se density of mast cells in control cases was 27±9 cells·mm<sup>−2</sup>. It was similar in nonfatal asthma (24±2 cells·mm<sup>−2</sup>) but reduced (p&lt;0.05) in fatal asthma cases (16±2 cells·mm<sup>−2</sup>). In membranous airways, the density of mast cells in control cases was 155±21 cells·mm<sup>−2</sup> and was higher (p&lt;0.05) in cases of nonfatal (270±51 cells·mm<sup>−2</sup>) and fatal asthma (219±26 cells·mm<sup>−2</sup>). Mast-cell density was greatest on the smooth muscle and mucous glands in cartilaginous airways and on the smooth muscle and outer airway wall in membranous airways. The percentage of degranulated mast cells was higher (p&lt;0.05) in cases of asthma, related to disease severity, and was higher in cartilaginous than membranous airways. Degranulation was greatest on the smooth muscle in fatal asthma cases. Mast-cell distribution and degranulation varies between cartilaginous and membranous airways and across the airway wall. Degranulation of mast cells is related to asthma severity. The increased degranulation in proximal airways may reflect stimulation <i>via</i> the inhaled route.
Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) as an adjunct to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with severe COPD
Authors: Dragan Stojanovic, Oliver Göhl, Benjamin Krämer, Sebastian Fuchs, Vroni Huber, Michael Wittmann, Konrad Schultz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Up to now there is insufficient evidence for IMT as an adjunct to PR in patients with COPD. Method : From November 2011 until January 2012 in our clinic 198 COPD patients underwent a 3-week inpatient PR, including 90 with COPD III-IV. Of these patients the control group (CG, n=38) received standard PR, consisting among other things of physical training, education, breathing therapy and psychosocial support. The intervention group (IG, n=52) underwent an additional IMT with at least 19 sessions. Primary outcome was PImax. Statistics are based on data that resulted in complete data samples at baseline (t0) and end of PR(t1). Results: (mean±SD)

View this table:



In the IG PImax increased by 27%, in the CG only by 11%. There was a significant intergroup difference (p<0.0021). The improvements in 6MWD, MRC, FEV1 and CAT tended to be better in the IG, but these differences didn't reach statistical significance. Discussion: Considering all COPD patients (IG + CG) the PR program resulted in significant improvement in CAT, 6MWD and MRC score among others. The IG tended to reach greater improvements in these parameters than the CG, especially in PI max. Conclusion: IMT appears to be a promising additional therapeutic module to PR.
Charles Robert Dundas
Authors: S. D. V. Flook
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Charles Robert (“Bertie”) Dundas initially studied forestry at Edinburgh University but quickly changed direction into medicine. After house posts in Falkirk Royal Infirmary he moved to Aberdeen Royal Infirmary as a senior house officer in anaesthetics and developed his academic and clinical careers there. Teaching and guiding trainee anaesthetists was one of his major enthusiasms, and …
13C-MR Spectroscopic Imaging with Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate Detects Early Response to Radiotherapy in SCC Tumors and HT-29 Tumors
Authors: Keita Saito, Shingo Matsumoto, Yoichi Takakusagi, Masayuki Matsuo, H. Douglas Morris, Martin J. Lizak, Jeeva P. Munasinghe, Nallathamby Devasahayam, Sankaran Subramanian, James B. Mitchell, Murali C. Krishna
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: X-ray irradiation of tumors causes diverse effects on the tumor microenvironment, including metabolism. Recent developments of hyperpolarized 13C-MRI enabled detecting metabolic changes in tumors using a tracer [1-13C]pyruvate, which participates in important bioenergetic processes that are altered in cancers. Here, we investigated the effects of X-ray irradiation on pyruvate metabolism in squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII) and colon cancer (HT-29) using hyperpolarized 13C-MRI. Experimental Design: SCCVII and HT-29 tumors were grown by injecting tumor cells into the hind legs of mice. [1-13C]pyruvate was hyperpolarized and injected intravenously into tumor-bearing mice, and 13C-MR signals were acquired using a 4.7 T scanner. Results: [1-13C]pyruvate and [1-13C]lactate were detected in the tumor-bearing legs immediately after hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate administration. The [1-13C]lactate to [1-13C]pyruvate ratio (Lac/Pyr) increased as the tumors grew in nonirradiated SCCVII tumors. The increase in Lac/Pyr was suppressed modestly with a single 10 Gy of irradiation, but it significantly decreased by further irradiation (10 Gy × 3). Similar results were obtained in HT-29; Lac/Pyr significantly dropped with fractionated 30 Gy irradiation. Independent ex vivo measurements revealed that the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and protein level were significantly smaller in the irradiated SCCVII tumors compared with the nonirradiated tumors, indicating that a decrease in LDH activity was one of the main factors responsible for the decrease of Lac/Pyr observed on 13C-MRI. Conclusions: Robust changes of Lac/Pyr observed in the HT-29 after the radiation suggested that lactate conversion from pyruvate monitored with hyperpolarized 13C-MRI could be useful for the evaluation of early response to radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 21(22); 5073–81. ©2015 AACR. See related commentary by Lai et al., p. 4996
Characterized allergens causing bakers' asthma
Authors: X. Baur, A. Posch
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Although airborne allergens in bakeries and confectioneries cause one of the most common forms of occupational asthma, namely, bakers' asthma, only a few of them are known in detail so far. Here we summarize current knowledge of bakery allergens and describe our own two‐dimensional (2‐D) immunoelectrophoresis studies of wheat‐flour allergens as well as the allergenic baking enzyme Asp o 2. Out of approximately 700 soluble wheat polypeptides, 70 show IgE binding; the following wheat‐flour allergens could be identified and characterized: members of the a‐amylase inhibitor family (14–18 kDa), acyl‐CoA oxidase (26 kDa), peroxidase (36 kDa), and fructose‐bisphosphate aldolase (37 kDa). However, the great majority ofthe soluble wheat‐flour allergens, mainly located in the 27‐, 55‐, and 70‐kDa areas of the 2‐D immunoblots with pi values of 5.8–6.8, 5.9–6.5, and 5.5–6.1, respectively, are not known at present. Asp o 2, to which approximately 25% of all bakers with respiratory symptoms are sensitized, is a well‐characterized starch‐cleaving enzyme. We conclude that great effort is still needed to describe all major wheat‐flour allergens. As shown by Asp o 2, knowledge of the causative allergens and their characteristics enables us to initiate very effective preventive measures such as the introduction of granulated allergenic products.
Microarray analysis of microRNA expression in the developing mammalian brain
Authors: Eric A Miska, Ezequiel Alvarez-Saavedra, Matthew Townsend, Akira Yoshii, Nenad Šestan, Pasko Rakic, Martha Constantine-Paton, H Robert Horvitz
Journal: Genome biology (2004)

Abstract Background MicroRNAs are a large new class of tiny regulatory RNAs found in nematodes, plants, insects and mammals. MicroRNAs are thought to act as post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression. In invertebrates microRNAs have been implicated as regulators of developmental timing, neuronal differentiation, cell proliferation, programmed cell death and fat metabolism. Little is known about the roles of microRNAs in mammals. Results We isolated 18-26 nucleotide RNAs from developing rat and monkey brains. From the sequences of these RNAs and the sequences of the rat and human genomes we determined which of these small RNAs are likely to have derived from stem-loop precursors typical of microRNAs. Next, we developed a microarray technology suitable for detecting microRNAs and printed a microRNA microarray representing 138 mammalian microRNAs corresponding to the sequences of the microRNAs we cloned as well as to other known microRNAs. We used this microarray to determine the profile of microRNAs expressed in the developing mouse brain. We observed a temporal wave of expression of microRNAs, suggesting that microRNAs play important roles in the development of the mammalian brain. Conclusion We describe a microarray technology that can be used to analyze the expression of microRNAs and of other small RNAs. MicroRNA microarrays offer a new tool that should facilitate studies of the biological roles of microRNAs. We used this method to determine the microRNA expression profile during mouse brain development and observed a temporal wave of gene expression of sequential classes of microRNAs.
Visualization and quantification of birchpollen allergens directly on air‐sampling filters
Authors: F. Acevedo, O. Vesterberg, C. Bayard
Journal: Allergy (1998)

A new technique is presented to detect and quantify birch (Betula pendula)‐pollen allergens directly on air‐sampling filters. It is based on the use specific antibodies, enzymatic reactions, and measurement by chemiltiminescence or densitometry. The major pollen antigens are the most important birch allergens. The antibodies used recognb.e birch‐pollen antigens which thus correspond to allergens. Calibration was done with standardized extract of birch pollen for skin prick testing. The correlation coefficient for the logarithms of luminescence and the amount of birch‐poUen allergen applied on filters was &gt;0.98 in the range 0.04–200 SQ units. A similar correlation was found for the logarithms of the integrated densitometry values and the amount of birch‐pollen allergen applied on filters. The number of major pollen‐antigen particles or grains on filters could be estimated by counting the major stained spots produced by precipitated enzymatic products. The correlation coefficient was 0.90 for logarithms of the number of counted major antigen spots and the calculated antigen amount obtained by luminometric measurements. Our results demonstrate that birch‐pollen allergens can be determined directly on air‐sampling, Teflon®‐based filters by luminometry, optical density, or particle counting.
Macrophage Activation and Polarization: Nomenclature and Experimental Guidelines
Authors: Peter J. Murray, Judith E. Allen, Subhra K. Biswas, Edward A. Fisher, Derek W. Gilroy, Sergij Goerdt, Siamon Gordon, John A. Hamilton, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, Toby Lawrence, Massimo Locati, Alberto Mantovani, Fernando O. Martinez, Jean-Louis Mege, David M. Mosser, Gioacchino Natoli, Jeroen P. Saeij, Joachim L. Schultze, Kari Ann Shirey, Antonio Sica, Jill Suttles, Irina Udalova, Jo A. van Ginderachter, Stefanie N. Vogel, Thomas A. Wynn
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to antisynthetase syndrome is reversible with tacrolimus
Authors: S. Guglielmi, T. M. Merz, M. Gugger, C. Suter, L. P. Nicod
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Polymyositis and interstitial lung diseases, predominantly nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), are known to be frequent in antisynthetase syndrome, where anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies are often identified. An unusual case of acute respiratory distress syndrome, secondary to such proven NSIP of cellular type with predominant CD8 lymphocytes, is described herein. The patient described in the present case study initially had a poor recovery with high dose of steroids, but this was followed by a good improvement after the prescription of tacrolimus and a low dose of prednisone. A precise diagnosis in similar circumstances may be life-saving, allowing the successful application of new immunosuppressants.
Central overweight and obesity in British youth aged 11-16 years: cross sectional surveys of waist circumference
Authors: H D. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To compare changes over time in waist circumference (a measure of central fatness) and body mass index (a measure of overall obesity) in British youth.Representative cross sectional surveys in 1977, 1987, and 1997.Great Britain.Young people aged 11-16 years surveyed in 1977 (boys) and 1987 (girls) for the British Standards Institute (n=3784) and in 1997 (both sexes) for the national diet and nutrition survey (n=776).Waist circumference, expressed as a standard deviation score using the first survey as reference, and body mass index (weight(kg)/height(m)2), expressed as a standard deviation score against the British 1990 revised reference. Overweight and obesity were defined as the measurement exceeding the 91st and 98th centile, respectively.Waist circumference increased sharply over the period between surveys (mean increases for boys and girls, 6.9 and 6.2 cm, or 0.84 and 1.02 SD score units, P<0.0001). In centile terms, waist circumference increased more in girls than in boys. Increases in body mass index were smaller and similar by sex (means 1.5 and 1.6, or 0.47 and 0.53 SD score units, P<0.0001). Waist circumference in 1997 exceeded the 91st centile in 28% (n=110) of boys and 38% (n=147) of girls (against 9% for both sexes in 1977-87, P<0.0001), whereas 14% (n=54) and 17% (n=68), respectively, exceeded the 98th centile (3% in 1977-87, P<0.0001). The corresponding rates for body mass index in 1997 were 21% (n=80) of boys and 17% (n=67) of girls exceeding the 91st centile (8% and 6% in 1977-87) and 10% (n=39) and 8% (n=32) exceeding the 98th centile (3% and 2% in 1977-87).Trends in waist circumference during the past 10-20 years have greatly exceeded those in body mass index, particularly in girls, showing that body mass index is a poor proxy for central fatness. Body mass index has therefore systematically underestimated the prevalence of obesity in young people.
AN UNUSUALLY EXTENSIVE CASE OF SYMMETRICAL KERATODERMIA
Authors: G. VILVANDRE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1918)

Journal Article AN UNUSUALLY EXTENSIVE CASE OF SYMMETRICAL KERATODERMIA Get access G. VILVANDRÉ, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. G. VILVANDRÉ, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Clinical Assistant to DR. J. H. Sequeira—Skin‐Department, London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 30, Issue 4, 1 October 1918, Pages 202–203, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1918.tb12379.x Published: 01 October 1918
Detection Bias and Overestimation of Bladder Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Isabelle N. Colmers, Sumit R. Majumdar, Yutaka Yasui, Samantha L. Bowker, Carlo A. Marra, Jeffrey A. Johnson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To investigate whether the risk of bladder cancer in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is influenced by the frequency of physician visits before diagnosis as a measure of detection bias.With the use of linked administrative databases from 1996 to 2006, we established a cohort of 185,100 adults from British Columbia, Canada, with incident type 2 diabetes matched one to one with nondiabetic individuals on age, sex, and index date. Incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for bladder cancer were calculated during annual time windows following the index date. Analyses were stratified by number of physician visits in the 2 years before diabetes diagnosis and adjusted for age, sex, year of cohort entry, and socioeconomic status.The study population was 54% men and had an average age of 60.7±13.5 years; 1,171 new bladder cancers were diagnosed over a median follow-up of 4 years. In the first year after diabetes diagnosis, bladder cancer incidence in the diabetic cohort was 85.3 (95% CI 72.0-100.4) per 100,000 person-years and 66.1 (54.5-79.4) in the control cohort (aHR 1.30 [1.02-1.67], P=0.03). This first-year increased bladder cancer risk was limited to those with the fewest physician visits 2 years before the index date (≤12 visits, aHR 2.14 [1.29-3.55], P=0.003). After the first year, type 2 diabetes was not associated with bladder cancer.The results suggest that early detection bias may account for an overestimation in previously reported increased risks of bladder cancer associated with type 2 diabetes.
Development of graft-vs.-host disease-like syndrome in cyclosporine-treated rats after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. I. Development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with apparent polyclonal anti-Ia specificity, including autoreactivity.
Authors: A D Hess, L Horwitz, W E Beschorner, G W Santos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Lethally irradiated rats reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow and treated with cyclosporine (CsA) for 40 d develop a graft-vs.-host disease-like syndrome (GVHD) after CsA therapy. We attempted to assess the development of autoreactivity in these animals. Results revealed that a majority of the animals with syngeneic GVHD develop autocytotoxic T lymphocytes of the OX8 phenotype. In addition to reactivity with self, these cells were capable of lysing appropriate target cells from a variety of different rat strains. The target antigens appeared to be class II major histocompatibility antigens, because lysis could be effectively blocked by an anti-Ia monoclonal antibody. Cold target inhibition studies indicated that one effector cell was capable of lysing various target cells, and provided evidence against a polyclonal activation of multiple anti-Ia-reactive cells. These results suggested that the anti-class II autoreactive cell associated with syngeneic GVHD either recognizes a common class II determinant ("public" epitope) shared by multiple strains of rats, or was polyspecific with respect to "private" class II determinants.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis.
Authors: P J Jenkins, W M Melia, B Portmann, J M Longworth Krafft, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1981)

The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis is described in two patients. signs of the tumour appeared 18 years and nine years after the first clinical signs of chronic active hepatitis, although in one patients analysis of stored sera showed the serum alpha-fetoprotein levels had been rising over the previous 33 months. Female preponderance in HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis may partly account for the rarity of this complication, and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma may also be a reflection of the better survival now being obtained in HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis.
Some features of traffic accidents
Authors: G. M. Mackay
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Some aspects of urban and rural traffic accidents have been studied at the scene of some accidents in Birmingham and the county of Worcestershire. Accidents to pedestrians are essentially an urban problem, occur mainly at low speed, and most of the serious injury comes from the initial contact with the vehicle, rather than from secondary impacts with the road surface. The characteristics of motor-cycle accidents are more varied; in urban areas there are many side impacts, with consequent injury to the lower limbs, while rural collisions are predominantly front on, with a high incidence of head injury. Accidents to car occupants vary according to the environment.
Yeast genome shares 50 genes with human diseases
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The genome for the latest organism to be sequenced—the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe —indicates that it is likely to be particularly useful for research into human diseases.

The gene sequence published this week showed that 50 of the nearly 5000 genes were similar to genes associated with a range of human diseases, including cystic fibrosis, hereditary deafness, and type 2 diabetes; 23 of them were found to be related to human cancers ( Nature 2002;415:871-80).

S pombe is the sixth higher life form (eukaryote) to be sequenced, following S cerevisaie (budding or bakers' yeast), …