tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of surfactant on pharyngeal mechanics in sleeping humans: implications for sleep apnoea
Authors: M.J. Morrell, Y. Arabi, B.R. Zahn, K.C. Meyer, J.B. Skatrud, M. Safwan Badr
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Instillation of surfactant into the pharyngeal lumen reduces the pressure required to reopen an occluded airway, and decreases the apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI). The authors hypothesised that surfactant also reduces the sleep-related increase in pharyngeal resistance. To test this hypothesis two single blind, crossover, placebo-controlled studies were performed. In protocol A seven male, asymptomatic snoring subjects were studied during sleep. Inspiratory pharyngeal resistance was calculated from plots of airflow <i>versus</i> supraglottic pressure (seven breaths) before and after surfactant or saline instillation. In protocol B, in a different group of seven male subjects with sleep apnoea (AHI 15.2 (12) events·h<sup>−1</sup>) the effect of surfactant or saline on sleep disordered breathing was measured, for 1 h immediately before and after surfactant or saline instillation. Surfactant decreased pharyngeal resistance calculated at peak pressure (group mean (sd): pre <i>versus</i> post 83.7 (76.4) <i>versus</i> 49.4 (71.1) cmH<sub>2</sub>O·L<sup>−1</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>) and significantly reduced the respiratory disturbance index (RDI pre <i>versus</i> post 79.7 (58.7) <i>versus</i> 59.6 (56.9) events·h<sup>−1</sup>). Saline did not decrease resistance (pre <i>versus</i> post 58.6 (31.1) <i>versus</i> 72.5 (73.4) cmH<sub>2</sub>O·L<sup>−1</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>) or RDI (pre <i>versus</i> post 75.3 (42.4) <i>versus</i> 79.9 (46.1) events·h<sup>−1</sup>). Surfactant reduced the collapsibility of the pharynx and led to a modest reduction in respiratory disturbance index. The authors speculate that surfactant may delay occlusion by reducing the liquid "bridging" within the folded pharyngeal lining.
Neutralization of interleukin-1β in the acute phase of myocardial infarction promotes the progression of left ventricular remodeling
Authors: Myung-Woo Hwang, Akira Matsumori, Yutaka Furukawa, Koh Ono, Masaharu Okada, Atsushi Iwasaki, Masatake Hara, Tadashi Miyamoto, Masanao Touma, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Localization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA in the human gastrointestinal tract by in situ hybridization.
Authors: T V Strong, K Boehm, F S Collins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We have used in situ hybridization to localize expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in the human gastrointestinal tract and associated organs. The stomach exhibits a low level of CFTR expression throughout gastric mucosa. In the small intestine, expression is relatively high in the mucosal epithelium, with a decreasing gradient of expression along the crypt to tip axis. The cells of the Brunner's glands express high levels of CFTR mRNA. In addition, there is a small subpopulation of highly positive cells scattered along the epithelium in the duodenum and jejunum, but not in the ileum. These cells do not represent endocrine cells, as determined by lack of colocalization with an endocrine-specific marker. The distribution of CFTR mRNA in the colon is similar to the small intestine, with highest level of expression in the epithelial cells at the base of the crypts. In the pancreas, CFTR is expressed at high levels in the small, intercalated ducts and at lower levels in the interlobular ducts. CFTR transcripts are expressed at uniformly high levels in the epithelium of the gallbladder. Throughout the gastrointestinal tract, CFTR expression is increased in mucosal epithelial cells that are near lymph nodules.
Protective effects of calcium channel blockers on hydrogen peroxide induced increases in endothelial permeability
Authors: Y Yamada, M Yokota, T Furumichi, H Furui, K Yamauchi, H Saito
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Protective effects of calcium channel blockers on hydrogen peroxide induced increases in endothelial permeability Get access Yoshiji Yamada, Yoshiji Yamada Correspondence to: Dr Yamada, at Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mitsuhiro Yokota, Mitsuhiro Yokota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takeo Furumichi, Takeo Furumichi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hirohiko Furui, Hirohiko Furui Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kazunobu Yamauchi, Kazunobu Yamauchi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hidehiko Saito Hidehiko Saito Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 12, December 1990, Pages 993–997, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.12.993 Published: 01 December 1990 Article history Received: 23 April 1990 Accepted: 27 June 1990 Published: 01 December 1990
Job Strain as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of 124,808 Men and Women
Authors: Solja T. Nyberg, Eleonor I. Fransson, Katriina Heikkilä, Kirsi Ahola, Lars Alfredsson, Jakob B. Bjorner, Marianne Borritz, Hermann Burr, Nico Dragano, Marcel Goldberg, Mark Hamer, Markus Jokela, Anders Knutsson, Markku Koskenvuo, Aki Koskinen, Anne Kouvonen, Constanze Leineweber, Ida E.H. Madsen, Linda L. Magnusson Hanson, Michael G. Marmot, Martin L. Nielsen, Maria Nordin, Tuula Oksanen, Jan H. Pejtersen, Jaana Pentti, Reiner Rugulies, Paula Salo, Johannes Siegrist, Andrew Steptoe, Sakari Suominen, Töres Theorell, Ari Väänänen, Jussi Vahtera, Marianna Virtanen, Peter J.M. Westerholm, Hugo Westerlund, Marie Zins, G. David Batty, Eric J. Brunner, Jane E. Ferrie, Archana Singh-Manoux, Mika Kivimäki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE The status of psychosocial stress at work as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes is unclear because existing evidence is based on small studies and is subject to confounding by lifestyle factors, such as obesity and physical inactivity. This collaborative study examined whether stress at work, defined as “job strain,” is associated with incident type 2 diabetes independent of lifestyle factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We extracted individual-level data for 124,808 diabetes-free adults from 13 European cohort studies participating in the IPD-Work Consortium. We measured job strain with baseline questionnaires. Incident type 2 diabetes at follow-up was ascertained using national health registers, clinical screening, and self-reports. We analyzed data for each study using Cox regression and pooled the study-specific estimates in fixed-effect meta-analyses. RESULTS There were 3,703 cases of incident diabetes during a mean follow-up of 10.3 years. After adjustment for age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES), the hazard ratio (HR) for job strain compared with no job strain was 1.15 (95% CI 1.06–1.25) with no difference between men and women (1.19 [1.06–1.34] and 1.13 [1.00–1.28], respectively). In stratified analyses, job strain was associated with an increased risk of diabetes among those with healthy and unhealthy lifestyle habits. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, SES, and lifestyle habits, the HR was 1.11 (1.00–1.23). CONCLUSIONS Findings from a large pan-European dataset suggest that job strain is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in men and women independent of lifestyle factors.
The Regulatory Role of Vα14 NKT Cells in Innate and Acquired Immune Response
Authors: Masaru Taniguchi, Michishige Harada, Satoshi Kojo, Toshinori Nakayama, Hiroshi Wakao
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2003)

A novel lymphocyte lineage, Vα14 natural killer T (NKT) cells, is now well established as distinct from conventional αβ T cells. Vα14 NKT cells express a single invariant Vα14 antigen receptor that is essential for their development. Successful identification of a specific ligand, α-galactosylceramide(α-GalCer), and the establishment of gene-manipulated mice with selective loss of Vα14 NKT cells helped elucidate the remarkable functional diversity of Vα14 NKT cells in various immune responses such as host defense by mediating anti-nonself innate immune reaction, homeostatic regulation of anti-self responses, and antitumor immunity.
Abnormalities in the regulation of variable region genes that encode for antibodies to DNA may be a central factor in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: A.K Singh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is characterised by the excessive and spontaneous production of antibodies to DNA. In animal models of lupus, and in humans, antibodies to DNA have been directly implicated in pathogenesis. The variable region genes that encode for reactivity of antibodies to DNA have, in general, not been regarded as a risk factor in lupus. Recent evidence from several workers, including ourselves, does not sustain this dogma. Individual autoreactive V genes appear to be repeatedly used and to have an affinity for DNA. These genes are present in subjects with the disease and in some, but not all, normal subjects. Presumably, in some subjects carrying autoreactive V genes in their germline, these genes are normally silenced by regulatory factors, including cytokines, and in others with disease there is a breakdown in regulation. Experimental evidence suggests that multiple cytokines may have a role and that this role is complex.
Bio-assay evidence of abnormal secretin-like and gastrin-like activity in tumour and blood in cases of `choleraic diarrhoea'
Authors: I. G. M. Cleator, C. G. Thomson, W. Sircus, M. Coombes
Journal: Gut (1970)

Methods for bio-assay of secretin-like humoral agents in both cat and dog are described. Bio-assay of tumour extracts and of plasma from patients with the pancreatic choleraic syndrome are described. The first patient was found to have choleretic and secretinlike activity in an extract of her pancreatic islet cell tumour and gastrin-like activity in her plasma. The second patient was found to have both secretin and gastrin-like activity in her plasma, as well as choleretic activity. It is concluded that at least part of the profuse, watery electrolyte diarrhoea of the `pancreatic cholera9 syndrome associated with peptide-secreting adenoma of the pancreas is likely to be a reflection of the excessive production of secretin, as well as of gastrin, and possibly also of a choleretic agent.
Cardiac Morbidity of Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Debra A. Patt, James S. Goodwin, Yong-Fang Kuo, Jean L. Freeman, Dong D. Zhang, Thomas A. Buchholz, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Sharon H. Giordano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Adjuvant breast irradiation has been associated with an increase in cardiac mortality, because left-sided breast radiation can produce cardiac damage. The purpose of this study was to determine whether modern adjuvant radiotherapy is associated with increased risk of cardiac morbidity.Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database were used for women who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer from 1986 to 1993, had known disease laterality, underwent breast surgery, and received adjuvant radiotherapy. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to compare patients with left- versus right-sided breast cancer for the end points of hospitalization with the following discharge diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes): ischemic heart disease (410-414, 36.0, and 36.1), valvular heart disease (394-397, 424, 35), congestive heart failure (428, 402.01, 402.11, 402.91, and 425), and conduction abnormalities (426, 427, 37.7-37.8, and 37.94-37.99).Eight thousand three hundred sixty-three patients had left-sided breast cancer, and 7,907 had right-sided breast cancer. Mean follow-up was 9.5 years (range, 0 to 15 years). There were no significant differences in patients with left- versus right-sided cancers for hospitalization for ischemic heart disease (9.9% v 9.7%), valvular heart disease (2.9% v 2.8%), conduction abnormalities (9.7% v 9.6%), or heart failure (9.7% v 9.7%). The adjusted hazard ratio for left- versus right-sided breast cancer was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.16) for ischemic heart disease, 1.07 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.30) for valvular heart disease, 1.07 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.19) for conduction abnormalities, and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.17) for heart failure.With up to 15 years of follow-up there were no significant differences in cardiac morbidity after radiation for left- versus right-sided breast cancer.
The Effect of Hemorrhage on Hepatic Blood Flow and Splanchnic Oxygen Consumption of the Dog
Authors: LADD W. HAMRICK, J. D. MYERS
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Using the BSP extraction technic, the hepatic blood flow of the dog was found to be reduced markedly following a single massive hemorrhage. However, increase in the arterial hepatic venous-oxygen difference compensated for as much as 75% reduction in flow; hence, splanchnic oxygen consumption was maintained under these circumstances. Significant reduction of splanchnic oxygen consumption occurred only during sustained shock when hepatic blood flow was so seriously diminished that high oxygen extraction could not compensate for the lowered oxygen delivery to the liver.
Effects of X-Linkage and Sex-Biased Gene Expression on the Rate of Adaptive Protein Evolution in Drosophila
Authors: J. F. Baines, S. A. Sawyer, D. L. Hartl, J. Parsch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Patterns of polymorphism and divergence in Drosophila protein-coding genes suggest that a considerable fraction of amino acid differences between species can be attributed to positive selection and that genes with sex-biased expression, that is, those expressed predominantly in one sex, have especially high rates of adaptive evolution. Previous studies, however, have been restricted to autosomal sex-biased genes and, thus, do not provide a complete picture of the evolutionary forces acting on sex-biased genes across the genome. To determine the effects of X-linkage on sex-biased gene evolution, we surveyed DNA sequence polymorphism and divergence in 45 X-linked genes, including 17 with male-biased expression, 13 with female-biased expression, and 15 with equal expression in the 2 sexes. Using both single- and multilocus tests for selection, we found evidence for adaptive evolution in both groups of sex-biased genes. The signal of adaptive evolution was particularly strong for X-linked male-biased genes. A comparison with data from 91 autosomal genes revealed a "fast-X" effect, in which the rate of adaptive evolution was greater for X-linked than for autosomal genes. This effect was strongest for male-biased genes but could be seen in the other groups as well. A genome-wide analysis of coding sequence divergence that accounted for sex-biased expression also uncovered a fast-X effect for male-biased and unbiased genes, suggesting that recessive beneficial mutations play an important role in adaptation.
Short- and long-term mortality and causes of death in HIV/tuberculosis patients in Europe
Authors: D. N. Podlekareva, A. M. Panteleev, D. Grint, F. A. Post, J. M. Miro, M. Bruyand, H. Furrer, N. Obel, E. Girardi, A. Vasilenko, M. H. Losso, A. Arenas-Pinto, J. Cayla, A. Rakhmanova, I. Zeltina, A. M. Werlinrud, J. D. Lundgren, A. Mocroft, O. Kirk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Mortality of HIV/tuberculosis (TB) patients in Eastern Europe is high. Little is known about their causes of death. This study aimed to assess and compare mortality rates and cause of death in HIV/TB patients across Eastern Europe and Western Europe and Argentina (WEA) in an international cohort study. Mortality rates and causes of death were analysed by time from TB diagnosis (<3 months, 3-12 months or >12 months) in 1078 consecutive HIV/TB patients. Factors associated with TB-related death were examined in multivariate Poisson regression analysis. 347 patients died during 2625 person-years of follow-up. Mortality in Eastern Europe was three- to ninefold higher than in WEA. TB was the main cause of death in Eastern Europe in 80%, 66% and 61% of patients who died <3 months, 3-12 months or >12 months after TB diagnosis, compared to 50%, 0% and 15% in the same time periods in WEA (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, follow-up in WEA (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.12, 95% CI 0.04-0.35), standard TB-treatment (IRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20-0.99) and antiretroviral therapy (IRR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14-0.77) were associated with reduced risk of TB-related death. Persistently higher mortality rates were observed in HIV/TB patients in Eastern Europe, and TB was the dominant cause of death at any time during follow-up. This has important implications for HIV/TB programmes aiming to optimise the management of HIV/TB patients and limit TB-associated mortality in this region.
The Role of a Prescription in Anxiety Medication Use, Abuse, and Dependence
Authors: Miriam C. Fenton, Katherine M. Keyes, Silvia S. Martins, Deborah S. Hasin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Objective: Prescriptions for anxiety medications have increased substantially in recent years. Individuals with anxiety disorders are at risk of nonmedical use of these medications, but information about whether this risk is elevated among patients with a prescription for such medications is lacking. The authors compared risk of nonmedical use in individuals in a national sample with and without a prescription for anxiety medication and identified characteristics associated with nonmedical use. Method: Data were drawn from face-to-face surveys of 34,653 adult participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. The risk of nonmedical use of prescription anxiety medication and associated drug use disorders was computed for individuals who had or had not ever received a prescription for anxiety medication; among those who had received a prescription, characteristics associated with nonmedical use were analyzed. Results: Prescription of anxiety medication was associated with lifetime and past-year nonmedical use (odds ratios, 1.6 and 1.9, respectively) and lifetime DSM-IV abuse or dependence (odds ratio, 2.6). Among respondents who received a prescription (N=4,294), nonmedical use was associated with male sex, younger age, white race, history of use of illicit drugs, history of other drug use disorders, and history of illegal behaviors. Conclusions: These results indicate that prescription for anxiety medications is associated with nonmedical use of these medications, although the direction of causality cannot be determined in this study. Although anxiety medications have clinical utility, greater clinical attention should be given to the potential for their abuse among patients at particular risk.
Influence of neonatal screening and centralized treatment on long-term clinical outcome and survival of CF patients
Authors: M.E. Mérelle, J.P. Schouten, J. Gerritsen, J.E. Dankert-Roelse
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

After an experimental neonatal screening program for cystic fibrosis (CF) from 1973–1979, a follow-up study took place from 1980–1997. Patients were treated at specialized centres (C) or at local hospitals (non-C). Aims of the study were: 1) to determine whether the previously reported benefits from screening persisted with time and after adjustment for confounding variables; and 2) to investigate whether centre treatment was associated with improved prognosis of CF patients. Prognosis of patients detected by screening (S; n=24) was compared with patients detected clinically, born during (non-S; n=29) and after the screening programme (post-S; n=39). In addition, prognosis was compared between 45 C and 47 non-C patients. Multivariable regression analysis was used to compare survival and mixed-effects model regression analysis was used to compare clinical outcome between patients. The analyses included the variables screening, centre treatment, sex, meconium ileus and genotype. S patients had a significantly smaller decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) (difference +2.74% predicted) and significantly lower immunoglobulin-G (IgG) levels (difference −473.69 mg·dL −1 ) than non-S patients until 12 yrs of age. At 12 yrs of age, vital capacity was significantly higher in S patients than in non-S patients (difference +362.79 mL). Survival seemed to be best for S patients compared to both non-S and post-S patients. Post-S patients were significantly heavier (difference in sd weight +0.77), had a significantly smaller decline in FEV 1 (difference +2.80% pred) and lower IgG levels (difference −453.04 mg·dL −1 ) than non-S patients until 12 yrs of age. C patients had a significantly improved survival (relative risk (RR) 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.57) than non-C patients. Early diagnosis through neonatal screening leads to better preservation of lung function in the long term in cystic fibrosis patients. Management of cystic fibrosis patients in specialized centres improves survival.
Oncolytic Efficacy of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Myxoma Virus in Experimental Models of Rhabdoid Tumors
Authors: Yushui Wu, Xueqing Lun, Hongyuan Zhou, Limei Wang, Beichen Sun, John C. Bell, John W. Barrett, Grant McFadden, Jaclyn A. Biegel, Donna L. Senger, Peter A. Forsyth
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Rhabdoid tumors are highly aggressive pediatric tumors that are usually refractory to available treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of two oncolytic viruses, myxoma virus (MV) and an attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVΔM51), in experimental models of human rhabdoid tumor. Experimental Design: Four human rhabdoid tumor cell lines were cultured in vitro and treated with live or inactivated control virus. Cytopathic effect, viral gene expression, infectious viral titers, and cell viability were examined at various time points after infection. To study viral oncolysis in vivo, human rhabdoid tumor cells were implanted s.c. in the hind flank or intracranially in CD-1 nude mice and treated with intratumoral (i.t.) or i.v. injections of live or UV-inactivated virus. Viral distribution and effects on tumor size and survival were assessed. Results: All rhabdoid tumor cell lines tested in vitro were susceptible to productive lethal infections by MV and VSVΔM51. I.t. injection of live MV or VSVΔM51 dramatically reduced the size of s.c. rhabdoid tumor xenografts compared with control animals. I.v. administration of VSVΔM51 or i.t. injection of MV prolonged the median survival of mice with brain xenografts compared with controls (VSVΔM51: 25 days versus 21 days, log-rank test, P = 0.0036; MV: median survival not reached versus 21 days, log-rank test, P = 0.0007). Most of the MV-treated animals (4 of 6; 66.7%) were alive and apparently “cured” when the experiment was arbitrarily ended (&amp;gt;180 days). Conclusions: These results suggest that VSVΔM51 and MV could be novel effective therapies against human rhabdoid tumor.