tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self-perception and academic achievement: variations in a desegregated setting
Authors: B R Hare
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The author studied 101 black and 412 white fifth-grade students and found no significant racial differences on any measures of general or area-specific (i.e., school, peers, home) self-esteem when socioeconomic status (SES) was controlled but found significant differences by SES on most measures when race was controlled. There was a positive correlation between self-concept of ability and SES when race was controlled, but when SES was controlled black children scored significantly higher than did white children. Black and lower-SES subjects scored significantly lower than other subjects on academic achievement and achievement orientation. This study highlights the need to move from the current concern with the psychological consequences of desegregation for black children toward addressing the misfit relationship between all lower-SES children and the school.
Inhibitory Effects of Molybdenum on Esophageal and Forestomach Carcinogenesis in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: X M Luo, H J Wei, S P Yang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Male weanling inbred SD rats were given ad libitum a nutritionally adequate semipurified diet and demineralized drinking water without or with 100 or 200 ppm tungsten (W) or 2 or 20 ppm molybdenum (Mo) added to the drinking water. The animals were gastrically intubated with a solution of N-nitrososarcosine ethyl ester (NSEE) from the 4th week twice weekly for 2-8 consecutive weeks. The addition of Mo at either the 2- or 20-ppm level significantly inhibited NSEE-induced esophageal and forestomach carcinogenesis. The 200 ppm W significantly countered the inhibitory effect of a low level of Mo naturally occurring in the diet.
Prognostic Significance of Leukocyte-Dependent Antibody Activity in Melanoma Patients&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P Hersey, A Edwards, E Murray, W H McCarthy, G W Milton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Sera from patients with melanoma and control subjects were examined for leukocyte-dependent antibody (LDA) activity against cultured melanoma and control nonmelanoma target cells in 51Cr release cytotoxicity assays. In over a third of 344 melanoma patients, LDA activity against melanoma cells was related to tumor growth, shown by disappearance of the LDA after surgical removal of melanoma. Tumor-related LDA activity was not detected in 143 controls with various nonmelanoma malignant conditions and benign skin lesions. Approximately 5% of the patients had high-titer melanoma LDA that was unchanged by surgical removal of the tumor, and 15% had melanoma LDA revealed in their sera only after the sera had been treated to dissociate immune complexes. In patients with stage I melanoma, the disease-free interval was significantly longer in those with tumor-related LDA compared to those with no LDA. Analysis of the data in relation to known prognostic variables suggested that the main influence of LDA on prolongation of the disease-free interval was in males. An association between tumor-related LDA and a longer disease-free interval was also apparent in patients with stage II melanoma at first presentation but not in those with recurrence after prior treatment of primary melanoma. The results suggest that LDA activity against melanoma cells in the sera of patients after surgical removal of stage I or stage II melanoma is a favorable prognostic factor. Further studies are needed to determine whether induction of melanoma LDA by immunotherapy may improve the outcome in patients without naturally occurring LDA.
Impaired speed of visual information processing in marijuana intoxication
Authors: D L Braff, L Silverton, D P Saccuzzo, D S Janowsky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors conducted a double-blind crossover study to investigate the effects of marijuana on visual information processing. The authors used a tachistoscopic paradigm, and the results show no marijuana effect on the critical stimulus duration, a measure of stimulus intake. The visual backward masking data are compatible with a marijuana-induced slowness of information processing from labile unconscious iconic memory to more permanent memory processes. These results are discussed in relation to reports of marijuana's effects on perception and early information processing.
The working family: a researcher's view of health in the household
Authors: D Reiss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The author characterizes the underlying assumptions, convictions, and beliefs that each family holds about its environment as the family paradigm, citing the evidence for the family paradigm gleaned from the laboratory study of how families solve problems. He suggests that a family's health depends on the conservation of its paradigm; pattern regulators and ceremonials are two types of family routine that conserve the paradigm. When the paradigm is threatened with collapse, three stages can be delineated: the emergence of rules, the explicit family, and rebellion and action. Each last stage can propel the family toward dissolution or self-healing.
A case of behavioural hyperventilation associated with severe central sleep apnoea and follow-up management
Authors: Yun Li, Jason G Weed, Rong Ren, Yuanfeng Sun, Ke Zou, Lin Lu, Xiangdong Tang
Journal: Thorax (2016)

YL (Junior Doctor): A 36-year-old man was observed by his wife to have irregular breathing with sighs followed by recurrent episodes of prolonged breathing cessation while falling asleep. The longest witnessed pause lasted approximately 3 min and during this time his lips became cyanotic. The patient was unaware of these episodes until his wife informed him. No wheezing, stridor, cough, gurgle or vomiting was observed during these episodes. A detailed interview revealed that the patient had a history of obstructive sleep apnoea and inferior turbinate hypertrophy and had undergone an electrocoagulation operation on the inferior right turbinate 2 years prior. Around 6 months after the operation, the patient became chronically congested and acquired a habit of laboured respiration through his nose. He also reported bloating and eructation linked to the severity of choking while falling asleep. Fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy showed deviation of the nasal septum and mild inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and without evidence of reflux or laryngeal dysfunction.

RR, YS and KZ ( Junior Doctors): Two consecutive overnight diagnostic polysomnograms followed by a standard multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) on the third day, as well as simultaneous transcutaneous pCO2 (TcpCO2) monitoring showed that the patient's respiratory rate increased to 27–35 breaths/min resulting in a decrease of TcpCO2 to 25–27 mm Hg during resting wakefulness (table 1) and subsequent transitions to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep were associated with multiple central sleep apnoea (CSA) events (see online supplement figure S1A). The longest duration of CSA during the initial sleep period was 3 min. However, respiratory rate returned to 14–17 breaths/min and TcpCO2 was 41–43 mm Hg during stabilised stage 2 NREM sleep, during which times no CSA episodes were observed. Other sleep values were shown in table 1. Arterial blood gas assessment during daytime wakefulness revealed pH of 7.47, pO2 of 93 mm Hg and pCO2 of …
Suicidal and assaultive behavior in children: classification, measurement, and interrelations
Authors: C R Pfeffer, R Plutchik, M S Mizruchi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

In 102 children aged 6 to 12 years who were in a municipal psychiatric inpatient or outpatient clinic, the authors identified four groups of suicidal and/or assaultive behaviors. Logistic regression analyses showed that neurosis, intellectualization, and low levels of aggression predicted membership in the nonassaultive-nonsuicidal group; intense aggression, parental suicidal behavior, parental assaultive behavior, and compensation predicted it in the assaultive-suicidal group; depression, a minimum of aggression, and adjustment disorder predicted it in the suicidal-only group; and intense aggression and absence of depression predicted it in the assaultive-only group. Two clearly distinct types of suicidal children were delineated.
Biologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Risk of High‐Grade Cervical Dysplasia and Cervical Cancer in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cohort Study
Authors: Seoyoung C. Kim, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Jun Liu, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Jeffrey N. Katz, Sarah Feldman, Daniel H. Solomon
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

Recent research showed an increased risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to examine whether this risk was associated with the use of biologic versus nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).We identified RA patients in the US Medicaid and commercial insurance databases (for the years 2000-2012) who were starting treatment with either a biologic or a nonbiologic DMARD. High-grade cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer was identified with a validated claims-based algorithm, and we assessed utilization of gynecologic procedures. To control for potential confounders, those starting therapy with a biologic DMARD were matched 1:1 to those starting therapy with a nonbiologic DMARD according to the propensity score (PS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and rate ratios (RRs) in the PS-matched Medicaid and commercial insurance cohorts were pooled by an inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects model.We included 14,729 pairs of patients initiating biologic and nonbiologic DMARDs from the Medicaid cohort and 7,538 pairs from the commercial insurance cohort. During 73,389 person-years of active treatment with either biologic or nonbiologic DMARDs, 95 cases of high-grade cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer occurred in the 2 cohorts. The HR for high-grade cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer associated with biologic DMARD use was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.78-2.01) in the Medicaid cohort and 1.63 (95% CI 0.62-4.27) in the commercial insurance cohort, with a pooled HR of 1.32 (95% CI 0.86-2.01). The rate of gynecologic procedures involving the uterine cervix was not different between the 2 groups (pooled RR 0.96 [95% CI 0.90-1.02]).Among women with RA, initiation of therapy with a biologic DMARD was associated with a numerically significant, but not statistically significant, increase in the risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer as compared to initiation of a nonbiologic DMARD.
MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets
Authors: Sudhir Kumar, Glen Stecher, Koichiro Tamura
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Abstract We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (M ega ) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. In this major upgrade, M ega has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. Researchers can now explore and analyze tens of thousands of sequences in M ega . The new version also provides an advanced wizard for building timetrees and includes a new functionality to automatically predict gene duplication events in gene family trees. The 64-bit M ega is made available in two interfaces: graphical and command line. The graphical user interface (GUI) is a native Microsoft Windows application that can also be used on Mac OS X. The command line M ega is available as native applications for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. They are intended for use in high-throughput and scripted analysis. Both versions are available from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
Phase 2 Clinical Evaluation of Preclinically Defined Biomarkers for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (Tki) Tivozanib in Renal Cell Carcinoma (Rcc)
Authors: T. Hutson, W.K. Rathmell, B. Feng, M.O. Robinson, J. Gyuris, J. Lin, T. Choueiri
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
PTU-073 Optimising treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis C virus infection by improving treatment adherence rates
Authors: L Campbell, N Cook, T Roguin, H Marcinkowski, V Tooley, R Gellissen, A Brown, J Main, H C Thomas, M R Thursz
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> It is estimated that 250–500 000 people in the UK are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) making this one of the most important causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Standard of care (NICE recommended) treatment for chronic HCV infection is Pegylated interferon and Ribavirin for 24 or 48 weeks depending on the viral genotype. Pivotal studies of HCV genotype 1 (G1) infected patients treated for 48 weeks report a sustained virological response (SVR), (absence of viraemia 24 weeks after treatment completion) of 42–47%. Adherence to treatment, (defined as the number of treatment doses taken/number of treatment doses prescribed×100), is reported as 80%. We set out to determine whether improving patient adherence rates would increase SVR in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients considered suitable for treatment are referred by their consultant physician to a nurse led anti-viral service. Patients are counselled about treatment side effects, importance of adherence and virological targets. Each patient is given the opportunity to select their treatment start date to fit in around work or other commitments. Patients with a history of psychiatric disorder or with symptoms of depression are reviewed by a dedicated liaison psychiatrist. In the absence of clinical symptoms, neutrophil counts are allowed to drop to 0.4×109, haemoglobin to 8 g/dl and platelets to 60×109 before dose reductions were implemented. Twelve week stopping rules are applied for patients who do not achieve a 2 log<sub>10</sub> drop in viral load. Adherence to therapy is monitored by patient reporting, counting residual medication and observing for inconsistencies in laboratory parameters. <h3>Results</h3> 210 sequential G1 patients underwent treatment. 99% of patients rated quality of care as good or excellent. Adherence was 98%. SVR in G1 patients was 61% compared with 44% in published studies: P=0.001. In patients co-infected with HIV SVR rates were 65% compared to 40% in the Apricot study: P=0.01. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Optimising patient adherence to treatment using a nurse led anti-viral service leads to a marked increase in treatment success rates.
A phase III randomized controlled trial of short-course radiotherapy with or without concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide in elderly patients with glioblastoma (CCTG CE.6, EORTC 26062-22061, TROG 08.02, NCT00482677).
Authors: James R. Perry, Normand Laperriere, Christopher J. O'Callaghan, Alba Ariela Brandes, Johan Menten, Claire Phillips, Michael F. Fay, Ryo Nishikawa, J. Gregory Cairncross, Wilson Roa, David Osoba, Arjun Sahgal, Hal W. Hirte, Wolfgang Wick, Florence Laigle-Donadey, Enrico Franceschi, Olivier L. Chinot, Chad Winch, Keyue Ding, Warren P. Mason
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

LBA2 Background: The EORTC (26981-22981)/NCIC CTG (CE.3) RCT in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GB) showed increased overall survival (OS) with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) added to radiotherapy (RT). Pts were 18-71 (median 56) years; however, a trend of decreasing benefit from the addition of TMZ with increasing age was noted. Recent RCTs in elderly GB detected non-inferiority of 40 Gy/15 v 60 Gy/30 RT and superior survival was noted for MGMT-methylated pts treated with TMZ alone. However, whether the addition of TMZ to RT improves survival in elderly pts remained unanswered. Methods: We conducted a global randomized phase III clinical trial for patients ≥ 65 yrs with histologically confirmed newly diagnosed GB, ECOG 0-2, randomized 1:1 to receive 40Gy/15 RT v 40Gy/15 RT with 3 weeks of concomitant TMZ plus monthly adjuvant TMZ until progression or 12 cycles. Stratification was by centre, age (65-70, 71-75, or 76+), ECOG 0,1 vs 2, and biopsy vs resection. Results: 562 pts were randomized, 281 on each arm; median age 73 yrs (range 65-90), male 61%, PS 0/1 77%, resection 68%. RT+TMZ significantly improved OS over RT alone (median 9.3m v 7.6m, HR 0.67, 95%CI 0.56-0.80, p &lt; 0.0001) and significantly improved PFS (median 5.3m v 3.9m, HR 0.50, 95%CI 0.41 – 0.60, p &lt; 0.0001). Tissue from 462 pts was provided and adequate for MGMT analysis in 354 to date. In MGMT methylated patients (n = 165) OS for RT+TMZ v RT was 13.5 m and 7.7m respectively (HR: 0.53 (95% C.I. 0.38, 0.73, p = 0.0001). In MGMT unmethylated patients (n = 189) OS for RT + TMZ v RT was 10.0m vs 7.9m respectively (HR 0.75 (95% C.I. 0.56 – 1.01, p = 0.055). QoL analyses showed no differences in functional domains of QLQC30 and BN20 but were worse in the RT/TMZ arm for nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Systemic therapy after PD was reported in 39% on RT+TMZ v 41% on RT. Conclusions: The addition of concomitant and adjuvant TMZ to hypofractionated RT for elderly pts with GB significantly improves OS and PFS in all patients and is well tolerated. Patients with MGMT methylated tumors benefit the most from the addition of TMZ to RT where median OS is nearly doubled. Clinical trial information: NCT00482677.
Hemolytic <i>E. coli</i> Promotes Colonic Tumorigenesis in Females
Authors: Ye Jin, Senwei Tang, Weilin Li, Siew Chien Ng, Michael W.Y. Chan, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Jun Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Bacterial infection is linked to colorectal carcinogenesis, but the species that contribute to a protumorigenic ecology are ill-defined. Here we report evidence that α-hemolysin–positive (hly+) type I Escherichia coli (E. coli) drives adenomagenesis and colorectal cancer in human females but not males. We classified E. coli into four types using a novel typing method to monitor fimH mutation patterns of fecal isolates from adenoma patients (n= 59), colorectal cancer patients (n= 83), and healthy subjects (n= 85). hly+ type I E. coli was found to be relatively more prevalent in stools from females with adenoma and colorectal cancer, correlating with poor survival in colorectal cancer patients. In mechanistic studies in female mice, we found that hly+ type 1 E. coli activated expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and repressed expression of the tumor suppressor BIM. hly-encoded alpha hemolysin partially accounted for these effects by elevating the levels of HIF1α. Notably, colon tumorigenesis in mice could be promoted by feeding hly+ type I E. coli to female but not male subjects. Collectively, our findings point to hemolytic type I E. coli as a candidate causative factor of colorectal cancer in human females, with additional potential as a biomarker of disease susceptibility. Cancer Res; 76(10); 2891–900. ©2016 AACR.
A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase III Trial of Afatinib (A) Vs Erlotinib (E) As Second-Line Treatment of Patients (Pts) with Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Scc) of the Lung Following First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: Lux-Lung 8 (Ll8)
Authors: G. Goss, E. Felip, M. Cobo, S. Lu, K.N. Syrigos, K.H. Lee, E. Göker, V. Georgoulias, W. Li, D. Isla, A. Morabito, S.Z. Guclu, Y.J. Min, A. Ardizzoni, S. Gadgeel, J. Love, V. Chand, J-C. Soria
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
In Vitro Colony Formation by Normal and Leukemic Human Hematopoietic Cells: Interaction Between Colony-Forming and Colony-Stimulating Cells2
Authors: M. A. S. Moore, N. Williams, D. Metcalf
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article In Vitro Colony Formation by Normal and Leukemic Human Hematopoietic Cells: Interaction Between Colony-Forming and Colony-Stimulating Cells Get access M. A. S. Moore, M. A. S. Moore Cancer Research Unit, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, P.O. 3050, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Williams, N. Williams Cancer Research Unit, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, P.O. 3050, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Metcalf D. Metcalf Cancer Research Unit, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, P.O. 3050, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 3, March 1973, Pages 591–602, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.3.591 Published: 01 March 1973 Article history Received: 16 June 1972 Accepted: 16 October 1972 Published: 01 March 1973
Research on Tissue Culture at the National Cancer Institute, With Special Reference to the Contributions of Dr. Virginia J. Evan1
Authors: Morgan Harris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Tissue culture at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began with Wilton R. Earle's pioneering studies on spontaneous neoplastic transformation in vitro. Subsequently, the Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, NCI, was established to continue investigation of this phenomenon. Quantitative procedures were developed for the propagation and analysis of cell populations in vitro. These advances paved the way for the monolayer systems now widely used for experimental studies. Investigations by Virginia J. Evans and her collaborators led to the formulation of protein-free, chemically defined media for progressive growth of mammalian cells in serial culture. The best known nutrient, NCTC 109 (later modified slightly as NCTC 135), supports growth of mouse, hamster, monkey, and human cells, after a variable period of adaptation. Studies with these chemically defined media offered a reference standardfor functional comparisons of normal and neoplastic cells, and for the detection of changes associated with the shift to malignancy. Serum factors in conjunction with chemically defined media may reinforce or suppress neoplastic transformation in cell cultures. A low-molecularweightfactor from stallion or gelding horse serum leads to early conversion; conversely, fetal calf serum or mare serum retards the onset of neoplastic change. The effect of serum factors seems indirect, since spontaneous neoplastic conversion of C3H mouse cells can take place in a serum-free chemically defined medium. In such a model system, the correlation of neoplastic transformation with altered biosynthetic patterns becomes a distinct posslbility.
Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndrome Following Treatment for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Outcome of Patients Registered in the EWOG-MDS 98/06 Studies,
Authors: Brigitte Strahm, Roland Amann, Barbara De Moerloose, Michael Dworzak, Henrik Hasle, Markus Schmugge, Jan Stary, Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Marco Zecca, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Franco Locatelli, Charlotte M Niemeyer
Journal: Blood (2011)