tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of varus and valgus alignment in the initial development of knee cartilage damage by MRI: the MOST study
Authors: Leena Sharma, Joan S Chmiel, Orit Almagor, David Felson, Ali Guermazi, Frank Roemer, Cora E Lewis, Neil Segal, James Torner, T Derek V Cooke, Jean Hietpas, John Lynch, Michael Nevitt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Sleep complaints are among the commonest in medical practice and can be simply categorised as: ▶disturbances of getting to sleep or staying asleep, or unrefreshing sleep, that is insomnia, ▶excessive daytime (or more properly wake-time) sleepiness, that is, hypersomnia; and ▶things that disturb the individual9s sleep commonly said to be "things that go bump in the night", or parasomnias. Although insomnia and parasomnias are prevalent, the hypersomnias are considered more prominently because of the potential impact on the household and on society. Conditions that will produce excessive wake-time sleepiness are also relatively few, specifically ▶insufficient sleep, ▶interrupted sleep such as might be caused by Restless Legs with Periodic Limb Movements or breathing problems, and ▶intrinsic sleepiness or narcolepsy and its equivalents. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) common with a general prevalence of 3–4%. It is a waking complaint easily diagnosed by history (discomfort usually in the legs, occurring at rest, relieved by movement and confined mostly to the evening), associated 80% of the time with periodic limb movements in and disturbing sleep which might result in sleep complaints such as insomnia or hypersomnia. RLS may be secondary to renal failure and occurs in pregnancy and is promoted by anti-dopaminergis medicines such as the antihistamines. RLS is highly heritable and the genetic associations have recently been identified. The diagnosis of periodic limb movements in sleep usually requires polysomnography, although we have recently reported pulse rate variability on oximetry to be very useful. Treatment of both with a licensed dopa-agonist is common and second line treatment with codeine derivatives or clonazepam possible. Breathing problems are ubiquitous, the common form being snoring with obstructive sleep apnoea which affects some 5% of the population. The hallmark symptoms are snoring, witnessed apnoeas and excessive sleepiness with resulting sleep related vehicle accidents. Medical consequences include cardiovascular disease particularly hypertension, atrial fibrillation, stroke, along with neurocognitive abnormalities such as poor concentration, depression. Diagnosis is by history supplemented by a sleep study, often oximetry. When associated with symptoms such as sleepiness treatment with continuous positive airway pressure is usually advised along with weight loss in the obese. An alternative therapy would be an oral appliance for mandibular advancement. Both are successful mechanical treatments aimed at making the collapsing pharyngeal airway more patent. Surgery is rarely used.
Genetically determined heterogeneity of the C1 esterase inhibitor in patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema
Authors: Fred S. Rosen, Chester A. Alper, Jack Pensky, Martin R. Klemperer, Virginia H. Donaldson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Normal human serum contains 18 ±5 mg/100 ml of C1 esterase inhibitor (alpha-2 neuraminoglycoprotein) as estimated by immunochemical means. Of 118 patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema, the sera of 80, from 42 kindred, contained a mean concentration of 3.15 mg/100 ml or 17.5% of normal. The mean serum concentration in 35 patients in 7 other kindred was 20 mg/100 ml or 111% of normal, and 3 patients in another kindred contained over 80 mg/100 ml or greater than 400% of normal. The nonfunctional inhibitors in patients' sera of these eight kindred were identical with normal C1 esterase inhibitor by Ouchterlony analysis, but they were different from normal and from each other with respect to their electrophoretic mobility, their capacity to bind C1 esterase, and their ability to inhibit esterolysis of N-acetyl-tyrosine-ethylester.
Comorbidity Between Abuse of an Adult and DSM-III-R Mental Disorders: Evidence From an Epidemiological Study
Authors: Kirstie K. Danielson, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Phil A. Silva
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence, risk, and implications of comorbidity between partner violence and psychiatric disorders. METHOD: Data were obtained from a representative birth cohort of 941 young adults through use of the Conflict Tactics Scales and Diagnostic Interview Schedule. RESULTS: Half of those involved in partner violence had a psychiatric disorder; one-third of those with a psychiatric disorder were involved in partner violence. Individuals involved in severe partner violence had elevated rates of a wide spectrum of disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the importance of mental health clinicians screening for partner violence and treating victims and perpetrators before injury occurs. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:131–133)
Inhibition of sarcolemmal carbon-centered free radical formation by propranolol.
Authors: I T Mak, C M Arroyo, W B Weglicki
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The mechanism of propranolol-inhibited sarcolemmal membrane lipid peroxidation was investigated by electron spin resonance spin-trapping technique using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP). Highly purified canine myocytic sarcolemma were peroxidized by a superoxide-driven (from dihydroxyfumarate) and Fe3+-catalyzed free radical-generating system. Hydroxyl radicals (.OH), identified by electron spin resonance signals as DMPO-OH adducts, were generated in the aqueous phase. Propranolol up to 500 microM did not effectively reduce the intensity of the DMPO-OH adducts. When the sarcolemma were incubated with MNP before the addition of free radicals, MNP adducts characteristic of carbon-centered radicals were produced. Pretreatment of the membranes with propranolol (3-100 microM) decreased the intensity of the MNP adducts in a log concentration-dependent manner; the EC50 is about 7 microM. D- and L-propranolol were found equally effective. When protein-depleted sarcolemmal lipids were similarly incubated with MNP and the free radical system, identical MNP adducts were observed; this finding suggests that the adducts were lipid-derived products arising from lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, their formation was also inhibited by propranolol pretreatment. Since propranolol is not an effective scavenger of oxygen radicals in the aqueous phase, the data suggest that the antiperoxidative effect of propranolol is due to its lipophilic interaction with the membrane and thus subsequent interruption of the free radical chain reactions.
Reduction of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) after implementation of preventive measures in patients with multiple myeloma treated with zoledronic acid
Authors: M.A. Dimopoulos, E. Kastritis, C. Bamia, I. Melakopoulos, D. Gika, M. Roussou, M. Migkou, E. Eleftherakis-Papaiakovou, D. Christoulas, E. Terpos, A. Bamias
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
A STUDY OF PNEUMOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM HORSES UNDERGOING PNEUMOCOCCUS IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Augustus B. Wadsworth, G. M. Sickles
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT THE PNEUMOCOCCUS MULTIPLYING IN THE TISSUES OF THE IMMUNIZED ANIMAL (HORSE) BECOMES ATTENUATED: loses, in varying degrees, its virulence, capacity of capsule formation, susceptibility to phagocytosis, and type specificity. The antigenic activity as an immunizing agent and the production of "soluble specific substance" are also altered. In some instances, the typical pneumococcus characteristics may be quickly restored by one or two passages through a susceptible animal (mouse). In others, virulence is not recovered and the organism remains atypical. Whether these changes are to be attributed to the specific action of immune bodies in the tissues, or are to be considered as the result of some biologic adaptive process to an adverse environment, has not been determined. Proof of the specific action of immune bodies is possibly open to question, whereas it is well known that virulence and with it some other characteristics are profoundly affected under unfavorable conditions in the absence of immune bodies, notably when the organism is grown at elevated temperatures or in certain unsuitable media. These studies of pneumococci isolated from the infected immunized horse provide opportunities for further investigation of the significance of changes in virulence, type specificity, and formation of "soluble specific substances" in various forms of pneumococcus infection.
Causality for depression and psoriasis is a sex-specific two-way process
Authors: G. Schmid-Ott
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Causality for depression and psoriasis is a sex‐specific two‐way process Get access G. Schmid‐Ott G. Schmid‐Ott Berolina Klinik Bültestr. 21 32584 Loehne Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 4, 1 October 2015, Page 891, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14096 Published: 01 October 2015
Efficacy and Safety of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Tadashi Kamada, Hirohiko Tsujii, Hiroshi Tsuji, Tsuyoshi Yanagi, Jun-etsu Mizoe, Tadaaki Miyamoto, Hirotoshi Kato, Shigeru Yamada, Shinroku Morita, Kyousan Yoshikawa, Susumu Kandatsu, Akio Tateishi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To evaluate the tolerance for and effectiveness of carbon ion radiotherapy in patients with unresectable bone and soft tissue sarcomas.We conducted a phase I/II dose escalation study of carbon ion radiotherapy. Fifty-seven patients with 64 sites of bone and soft tissue sarcomas not suited for resection received carbon ion radiotherapy. Tumors involved the spine or paraspinous soft tissues in 19 patients, pelvis in 32 patients, and extremities in six patients. The total dose ranged from 52.8 to 73.6 gray equivalent (GyE) and was administered in 16 fixed fractions over 4 weeks (3.3 to 4.6 GyE/fraction). The median tumor size was 559 cm(3) (range, 20 to 2,290 cm(3)). The minimum follow-up was 18 months.Seven of 17 patients treated with the highest total dose of 73.6 GyE experienced Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 3 acute skin reactions. Dose escalation was then halted at this level. No other severe acute reactions (grade > 3) were observed in this series. The overall local control rates were 88% and 73% at 1 year and 3 years of follow-up, respectively. The median survival time was 31 months (range, 2 to 60 months), and the 1- and 3-year overall survival rates were 82% and 46%, respectively.Carbon ion radiotherapy seems to be a safe and effective modality in the management of bone and soft tissue sarcomas not eligible for surgical resection, providing good local control and offering a survival advantage without unacceptable morbidity.
Analysis of colorectal cancers in British Bangladeshi identifies early onset, frequent mucinous histotype and a high prevalence of RBFOX1 deletion
Authors: Neel Sengupta, Christopher Yau, Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren, Dmitri Mouradov, Peter Gibbs, Nirosha Suraweera, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Guadalupe Polanco-Echeverry, Anil Ghosh, Mohamed Thaha, Shafi Ahmed, Roger Feakins, David Propper, Sina Dorudi, Oliver Sieber, Andrew Silver, Cecilia Lai
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

Abstract Background Prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the British Bangladeshi population (BAN) is low compared to British Caucasians (CAU). Genetic background may influence mutations and disease features. Methods We characterized the clinicopathological features of BAN CRCs and interrogated their genomes using mutation profiling and high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and compared findings to CAU CRCs. Results Age of onset of BAN CRC was significantly lower than for CAU patients (p=3.0 x 10 -5 ) and this difference was not due to Lynch syndrome or the polyposis syndromes. KRAS mutations in BAN microsatellite stable (MSS) CRCs were comparatively rare (5.4%) compared to CAU MSS CRCs (25%; p=0.04), which correlates with the high percentage of mucinous histotype observed (31%) in the BAN samples. No BRAF mutations was seen in our BAN MSS CRCs (CAU CRCs, 12%; p=0.08). Array data revealed similar patterns of gains (chromosome 7 and 8q), losses (8p, 17p and 18q) and LOH (4q, 17p and 18q) in BAN and CAU CRCs. A small deletion on chromosome 16p13.2 involving the alternative splicing factor RBFOX1 only was found in significantly more BAN (50%) than CAU CRCs (15%) cases (p=0.04). Focal deletions targeting the 5’ end of the gene were also identified. Novel RBFOX1 mutations were found in CRC cell lines and tumours; mRNA and protein expression was reduced in tumours. Conclusions KRAS mutations were rare in BAN MSS CRC and a mucinous histotype common. Loss of RBFOX1 may explain the anomalous splicing activity associated with CRC.
Global Child Health
Authors: Parminder S. Suchdev, Robert F. Breiman, Barbara J. Stoll
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Coordinate regulation of the human TAP1 and LMP2 genes from a shared bidirectional promoter.
Authors: K L Wright, L C White, A Kelly, S Beck, J Trowsdale, J P Ting
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Recently, four genes (TAP1, TAP2, LMP2, LMP7) involved or potentially involved in the processing and transport of major histocompatibility complex class I-associated antigen to the endoplasmic reticulum have been identified. We now report the initial characterization of the bidirectional promoter for the human transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) and low molecular mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2) genes. These genes are divergently transcribed from a central promoter region of only 593 bp. Functional analysis using a bidirectional reporter system demonstrates the minimal 593-bp promoter is sufficient for concurrent expression in both directions. There is no TATA box homology at either end but there is a prevalence of GC boxes. Transcription is initiated at multiple sites for each gene without any of the TAP1 transcripts overlapping with the LMP2 transcripts. The region proximal to the TAP1 gene is required for maximal basal level expression of not only TAP1 but also LMP2. Furthermore, this region is necessary for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induction of both genes. Site-specific mutations of an NF-kappa B element in the TAP1 proximal region blocked induction by TNF-alpha in both the TAP1 and LMP2 directions. An adjacent GC box was required for basal expression of both genes as well as augmenting the TNF-alpha induction of the distal LMP2 gene. In vivo genomic foot-printing of this region revealed strong protein/DNA interactions at the NF-kappa B and GC box consensus sequences. In vitro binding studies confirmed the capacity of the NF-kappa B site to bind p50/p65 and p52/p65 heterodimers and of the GC box to bind Sp1. Thus, the promoter elements proximal to the TAP1 gene play a significant role in regulating basal and induced expression of both TAP1 and LMP2. The findings presented in this report clearly link LMP2 expression with TAP1 expression and provide additional suggestive evidence linking LMP2 to class I antigen presentation.
Primary pulmonary hypertension after amfepramone (diethylpropion) with BMPR2 mutation
Authors: M.J. Abramowicz, P. Van Haecke, M. Demedts, M. Delcroix
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is characterised by sustained elevations of pulmonary arterial pressure without a demonstrable cause, leading to right ventricular failure and death. Hereditary mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) gene result in familial PPH transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, albeit with low penetrance. The causes in cases without a BMPR2 mutation are unknown, but a syndrome of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) similar to hereditary PPH is associated with systemic connective tissue disease, congenital heart disease, portal hypertension, and human immunodeficiency virus infection, or with the use of appetite‐suppressant drugs. The authors identified a BMPR2 gene mutation in a 27‐yr‐old female who developed PAH after a short course of the appetite‐suppressant drug amfepramone (diethylpropion). This allowed molecular genetic counselling and prevention of potentially harmful drug exposure in the patient9s son treated for attention deficit disorder with methylphenidate, an amphetamine‐related drug. No BMPR2 mutation was found in four additional, unrelated patients with appetite suppressant‐related PPH. The findings provide strong evidence that amfepramone can trigger primary pulmonary hypertension in a bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II gene mutation carrier, and indicate that other genes are probably implicated in genetic susceptibility to appetite suppressants.
Production of Melanomas From DMBA-Induced “Blue Nevi” in Hairless Mice With Ultraviolet Light<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: J. H. Epstein, W. L. Epstein, T. Nakai
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

The effects of chronic low-dose mid-ultraviolet (UVL) exposures on benign blue nevi were examined in pigmented hairless mice. The benign growths were produced by a single application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). In this study, large invasive melano-cytic tumors were produced by the UVL in 5 of 18 animals. Apparent seeding of regional lymph nodes with tumor cells was a consistent feature of the melanomas. No distant metastasis was noted. No similar growths occurred spontaneously or in control groups receiving DMBA or UVL alone. Histologic, electron microscopic, and autoradiographic studies established that the tumor was composed of functioning neoplastic melanocytic cells. It was suggested that the system could serve as a model for evaluation of factors influencing melanoma formation.
Abstract 3373: Contribution of microRNA-122 to the homeostasis of liver energy metabolism
Authors: Ann-Ping Tsou, Shuo-Ting Wang, Tse-Wen Tao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is a liver specific miRNA known to regulate lipid metabolism and to prevent liver tumorigenesis. Recent data suggest that miR-122 regulates the metabolism of mitochondria but its mechanistic role is unclear. We investigated how energy metabolism is regulated by miR-122 using the Mir122a-/- mouse model. We identified a distinctive expression profile of mitochondrially localized genes between WT and Mir122a-/- mice by both microarray and proteomics. KEGG and IPA database analysis further showed decreased mitochondrial respiration activity and Acetyl-CoA synthesis. Besides, the expression of genes involved in antioxidant mechanism is increased. The primary hepatocytes were used to study the energy metabolism. The physiological activities measured by XF-24 extracellular flux analyzer revealed a higher mitochondrial respiration activity (OCR) accompanied with a proton leak in the mitochondrial inner membrane of the Mir122a-/- hepatocytes. In addition, a higher glycolytic activity (ECAR) was detected in Mir122a-/- hepatocytes. Poor ATP production was detected from Mir122a-/- mitochondria. Several lines of evidence demonstrated that Mir122a-/- hepatocytes have low mitochondria membrane potential: excess cytosolic reactive oxygen species, less mitochondrial superoxide anion and lower staining with Rhodamine 123 and Mitotracker red. We further treated cells with mitochondrial inhibitors and found an excellent antioxidant capacity and ATP homeostasis in Mir122a-/- primary hepatocytes. Interestingly, we detected lower protein expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunit E1, which may partly contribute to the defective mitochondrial activity. The liver homeostasis of Mir122a-/- mice, however, is stabilized by a vigorous antioxidant activity and higher glycolysis capacity. As a result, the livers of young Mir122a-/- mice appear to have switched to aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), which is the hallmark of cancer cells. Therefore, correction of mitochondrial dysfunction is likely to become one of new therapeutic means for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Citation Format: Ann-Ping Tsou, Shuo-Ting Wang, Tse-Wen Tao. Contribution of microRNA-122 to the homeostasis of liver energy metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3373. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3373
Membrane-bound progesterone receptors contain a cytochrome b5-like ligand-binding domain
Authors: William Mifsud, Alex Bateman
Journal: Genome biology (2002)

Membrane-associated progesterone receptors (MAPRs) are thought to mediate a number of rapid cellular effects not involving changes in gene expression. They do not show sequence similarity to any of the classical steroid receptors. We were interested in identifying distant homologs of MAPR better to understand their biological roles.We have identified MAPRs as distant homologs of cytochrome b5. We have also found regions homologous to cytochrome b5 in the mammalian HERC2 ubiquitin transferase proteins and a number of fungal chitin synthases.In view of these findings, we propose that the heme-binding cytochrome b5 domain served as a template for the evolution of membrane-associated binding pockets for non-heme ligands.