tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tennis elbow
Authors: W. Assendelft
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Definition Tennis elbow has many analogous terms, including lateral elbow pain, lateral epicondylitis, rowing elbow, tendonitis of the common extensor origin, and peritendonitis of the elbow. Tennis elbow is characterised by pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and pain on resisted dorsiflexion of the wrist, middle finger, or both. For the purposes of this review, tennis elbow was restricted to lateral elbow pain or lateral epicondylitis.
Development and trafficking function of haematopoietic stem cells and myeloid cells during fetal ontogeny
Authors: Kristina Heinig, Fanny Sage, Catherine Robin, Markus Sperandio
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Fetal haematopoiesis is a highly regulated process in terms of time and location. It is characterized by the emergence of specific cell populations at different extra- and intraembryonic anatomical sites. Trafficking of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) between these supportive niches is regulated by a set of molecules, i.e. integrins and chemokine receptors, which are also described for the recruitment of differentiated innate immune cells. In this review, an overview will be given on fetal haematopoiesis as well as trafficking of HSCs during fetal life. In addition, we will focus on the appearance of the first differentiated neutrophils and monocytes in the fetal circulation and describe how they acquire the ability to roll, adhere, and transmigrate into inflamed fetal tissue. Furthermore, we will discuss other effector functions of innate immune cells evolving during fetal ontogeny.
Cloning Efficiency of Cultured Human Tumor Cell Lines Measured With the Use of a Coulter Particle Counter&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B J Hazelton, P M Torrance, S L George, P J Houghton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

A technique is described by which colony formation in agarose may be rapidly and reproducibly determined with the use of a modified Coulter particle counter (CPC). The cloning efficiency of RD human rhabdomyosarcoma cells after exposure to vincristine sulfate or cisplatin has been compared with the CPC method or by conventional visual counting. These techniques give very similar results. In combination with a Coulter Channelyzer, the CPC technique can be used to evaluate drug effects in colony sizes from a median of 20 to greater than 290 cells. The integrity of colonies formed by 3 colon carcinoma cell lines was examined to determine if this method could be applied to other systems.
Churg Strauss Syndrome and Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: an interdisciplinary point of contact between Rheumatology and Hematology
Authors: Chiara Baldini, S. Grossi, Sara Galimberti, P. Pepe, A. Della Rossa, N. Luciano, A. TAvoni, S. Bombardieri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)
Abstract P169: Exposure to Prenatal Maternal Cortisol During the Third Trimester and Calculated Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Middle-Aged Offspring
Authors: Lynda J Stinson, Laura R Stroud, Stephen L Buka, Charles B Eaton, Bing Lu, Golareh Agha, Eric B Loucks
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Prenatal exposure to maternal stress may be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, however few studies have direct measures of in utero stress (e.g. maternal cortisol levels) and offspring adulthood CHD risk factors. Increased prenatal stress during the third trimester was hypothesized to be associated with an increase in 10-year CHD risk in middle-aged offspring. Participants were 282 offspring from the New England Family Study. Third trimester maternal serum samples, collected between 1959 and 1966, were analyzed for maternal free cortisol. The validated Framingham Risk Algorithm calculated the 10-year risk score in offspring using the CHD risk factors: blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, age, and sex. Multiple linear regression, stratified by sex, assessed associations between ordinal tertiles of maternal cortisol and the natural log of the 10-year CHD risk score, adjusting for offspring’s age, race, body mass index (BMI), and in utero socioeconomic index (SEI). In females, maternal cortisol was positively associated with log 10-year CHD risk score (β=0.34, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.56, comparing highest to lowest maternal cortisol tertile), adjusting for age and race. Adjustment for SEI slightly attenuated effect size (β=0.26, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.50). Further adjustment for BMI attenuated effect size (β=0.14, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.35). Maternal cortisol was not significantly associated with CHD risk score among males. In conclusion, higher prenatal levels of maternal cortisol were positively associated with calculated 10-year CHD risk among middle-aged female offspring. Adjusting for offspring adulthood BMI substantially reduced effect size, suggesting in may be a mediating mechanism. Associations were not observed in males. Additional research is needed to these replicate results and to better understand mechanisms involved, including gender differences.
Abstract P193: Infection Type and Severity are Risk Factors for Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism in Medical Inpatients
Authors: Samuel Merrill, Michael Desarno, Damon Houghton, Christopher Huston, Peter Callas, Allen Repp, Mary Cushman, Neil Zakai
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HAVTE) leads to increased length of stay, cost, morbidity, and is a target of government quality measures. How infection relates to HAVTE risk is unknown. We wished to identify infection-related risk factors for HAVTE to help identify at-risk patients and to guide prevention efforts. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that increased infection severity, affected organ system, and positive microbiology culture results were associated with HAVTE in medical inpatients. Methods: HAVTE between 2009-2012 were identified by ICD-9 codes with confirmatory imaging at a 500 bed teaching hospital. ICD-9 codes, microbiology results, lab and vital sign data, and medication records were used to classify infections as presented in the Table. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for HAVTE adjusting for known HAVTE risk factors in the MITH score, a previously developed HAVTE risk score for medical inpatients. Models incorporated known HAVTE risk factors and assessed each variable from the Table individually. Results: In 20,327 medical admissions there were 113 hospital-acquired HAVTE (incidence: 0.56%). The table presents the association between infection-related risk factors and HAVTE. Septic shock (OR 7.48), sepsis (OR 5.9), and MSSA culture isolate (OR 6.39) had the greatest point-estimates of HAVTE after adjusting for known HAVTE risk factors. Conclusions: Infection severity, affected organ system, and microbiologic etiology were risk factors for HAVTE after adjusting for known risk factors. The relationship between these risk factors and thrombosis is likely complex, but these risk factors are easily measureable using the electronic health record. These results may help facilitate HAVTE prevention by further identifying high risk patients.
Statistical considerations for a phase 0 trial
Authors: L. V. Rubinstein, S. M. Steinberg, S. Kummar, J. Low, R. Parchment, R. Kinders, M. Gutierrez, A. J. Murgo, J. H. Doroshow, J. Tomaszewski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14038 Background: Phase ‘0’ clinical trials are small first in man studies to determine a dose or dose range which results in a desired biologic effect. Novel statistical designs are needed due to the limited number of patients and the complexities of analyzing primary pharmacodynamic endpoints. Methods: In general, the effect of the agent will be evaluated, based on a biologic endpoint(s), at two levels, the individual participant level (for a given dose amount), and the agent dose amount level (across individual participants). At the participant level, the effect is preferably defined as a dichotomous outcome. The statistical criteria should be such that the threshold is not surpassed with more than .10 probability, for a given participant, at a given dose amount, for the null hypothesis case of no true biologic effect. At the dose amount level, the effect rate is defined as the probability that a randomly chosen participant will satisfy the participant level threshold. The statistical criteria for declaring an observed effect rate to be significant should be such that the over-all probability of declaring the agent effective (summed across all dose amounts) should not exceed .10 for the null hypothesis case of no true biologic effect. A target effect rate, measured across participants, should be given, and the power to detect it, for a given dose amount, should be estimated. Ideally, there will be multiple pre-agent administration endpoint measurements, per participant, to define variability. Examples: 1. If 10 participants are accrued to a single dose amount, an observed effect rate for that dose amount could be defined to be significant if at least 2 of the 10 participants satisfy the participant threshold, yielding 85–90% power to detect a 35% effect rate. 2. If 5 participants are accrued to each of 2 dose amounts, an observed effect rate for a particular dose amount could be defined to be significant if at least 2 of the 5 participants satisfy the participant threshold, yielding approximately 90% power to detect a 60% effect rate. 3. If 3 participants are accrued to each of 4 dose amounts, an observed effect rate for a particular dose amount could be defined to be significant if at least 2 of the 3 participants satisfy the participant threshold, yielding approximately 90% power to detect an 80% effect rate. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
An overview on tuberculosis-specific hospitals in China in 2009: results of a national survey
Authors: Yu Pang, Jian Du, Zhi Zhen Qin, Zoë Greenwald, Yuhong Liu, Fengling Mi, Yanlin Zhao, Liang Li
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

As of 2014, tuberculosis (TB) was the deadliest infectious disease worldwide and China has the third-highest TB burden [1]. In that year alone there were 826 155 new cases in China [1]. In addition, China has been experiencing a serious epidemic of drug-resistant TB [2, 3]. TB hospitals are critical for control of DR-TB, hence strengthened collaboration with public health systems is needed <http://ow.ly/YnikY> We are grateful to all the local participants for their help throughout this survey. The authors are grateful to Jacob Creswell, Team Leader at TB REACH, Stop TB Partnerships, Geneva, Switzerland, for his critical review.
PTU-175 Prolonged gastrointestinal transit is present in type 1 diabetes mellitus prior to the development of symptoms
Authors: AG Pedersen, B Brock, A Drewes, C Brock, AD Farmer
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The wireless motility capsule (WMC) is a minimally invasive ambulatory technology that concurrently measures intraluminal pH, temperature and pressure as it traverses the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Knowledge gaps remain concerning regional GI transit times with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with established sensory neuropathy. Moreover, pH drop across the ileocaecal valve (ICV) has been recently proposed as a surrogate biomarker for bacterial fermentation in the caecum. <h3>Method</h3> 24 patients with T1DM (17 male, mean age 54 years, range 36–66), with confirmed sensory neuropathy but no GI symptoms, and 22 healthy controls (17 male, mean age 54 years, range 38–72) ingested a WMC together with a standardised meal. Gastric emptying time (GET), small bowel transit time (SBTT), colon transit time (CTT) and whole gut transit time (WGTT) and pH drop across the ICV were calculated using the WMC. <h3>Results</h3> In patients with T1DM, GET (350 min ± 65.8 vs. 206 ± 11.8, <i>p = </i>00.05), CTT (2188 min ± 235 vs. 1302 ± 155, <i>p = </i>0.004) and WGTT (2831 min ± 271 vs. 1893 ± 199, <i>p = </i>0.009) was longer in comparison to healthy controls. pH drop across the ICV was higher in T1DM patients when compared to controls (−1.73 ± 0.4 vs. −1.3 ± 0.5, <i>p = </i>0.005) and was associated slower CTT (r = −0.6, <i>p = </i>0.002). Multivariate linear regression, controlling for age, gender and glycaemic control were not associated with changes in regional or whole gut transit times. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with T1DM with sensory neuropathy, but without GI symptoms, GET, CTT and WGTT are prolonged in comparison to controls and had a larger pH drop across the ileocaecal valve suggesting heightened caecal fermentation. Whether changes in the microbiota contribute to such changes in transit times in T1DM warrants further study as it may represent a potential therapeutic target prior to the development of symptomatic dysmotility. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Fraud is going unchecked, says US agency
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Officials administering the federal health insurance exchange created by the Affordable Care Act are not taking the steps needed to stop fraud, said the US Government Accountability Office, an investigative agency of the US Congress. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) “assumed a passive approach to identifying and preventing fraud,” the report said.

The exchange, Healthcare.gov, provided a marketplace where users could compare private health insurance and apply for income based subsidies to help cover the cost of premiums. It was administered by the CMS, which …
Cancer Metastases: So Close and So Far
Authors: Carlos Sonnenschein, Ana M. Soto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Metastases are tumors that develop at a distance from their primary origin and are responsible for the death of 90% of cancer patients. For over a century the notion of seed (migrating cells) and soil (the locus where those cells anchor) provided an accurate account of which were the protagonists in their genesis. Despite aggressive efforts to unravel the dynamics involving migrating cells and the niche in which they anchor, explanations of this process remain ill-defined and controversial. The controversy is generated by the different premises that researchers adopt to integrate the vast amount of data collected at different levels of biological organization. The so-far hegemonic theory of cancer and its metastases has been the somatic mutation theory (SMT) and a number of its variants: They consider that cancers and their metastases represent a cell-based, genetic and molecular disease. This interpretation has been challenged by the tissue organization field theory (TOFT), which considers instead that cancer is a tissue-based disease, akin to development gone awry. In this Commentary, the merits of both theories are compared now in the context of metastases. Based on the epistemological shortcomings of the SMT and the acknowledged failure of therapeutic approaches based on this theory, we conclude that TOFT explains comprehensibly carcinogenesis and the appearance of metastases.
Prognostic Value of Ki-67 Index, Cytology, and Growth Pattern in Mantle-Cell Lymphoma: Results From Randomized Trials of the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network
Authors: Eva Hoster, Andreas Rosenwald, Françoise Berger, Heinz-Wolfram Bernd, Sylvia Hartmann, Christoph Loddenkemper, Thomas F.E. Barth, Nicole Brousse, Stefano Pileri, Grzegorz Rymkiewicz, Roman Kodet, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Roswitha Forstpointner, Catherine Thieblemont, Michael Hallek, Bertrand Coiffier, Ursula Vehling-Kaiser, Réda Bouabdallah, Lothar Kanz, Michael Pfreundschuh, Christian Schmidt, Vincent Ribrag, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Michael Unterhalt, Johanna C. Kluin-Nelemans, Olivier Hermine, Martin H. Dreyling, Wolfram Klapper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rather aggressive B-cell malignancy whose considerable variability of individual outcome is associated with clinical characteristics (Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index [MIPI]). The Ki-67 index is a strong independent prognostic factor; however, the biologic MIPI (MIPI-b) distinguishes only two groups, which does not appropriately depict the clinical heterogeneity. By using the cohort from the European MCL Younger and MCL Elderly trials, we aimed to evaluate the additional prognostic impact of cytology and growth pattern and to improve risk stratification with the Ki-67 index and MIPI.Diagnostic tumor biopsies were reviewed by the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Pathology Panel to determine Ki-67 index by using published guidelines, cytology, and growth pattern. We evaluated prognostic effects for overall survival (OS) by Cox regression. For the cohort used for MIPI-b development (German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group [GLSG] 1996 and GLSG2000), we checked whether the equally weighted combination of Ki-67 index (dichotomized at the validated 30% cutoff) and MIPI risk groups was adequate and compared the prognostic power of this modified combination to MIPI and MIPI-b for the MCL Younger/MCL Elderly cohort.The Ki-67 index was assessed in 508 of 832 patients (median age, 62 years). Blastoid cytology was associated with inferior OS independently of MIPI but not independently of the Ki-67 index. Growth pattern was not independently prognostic. The modified combination of the Ki-67 index and MIPI separated four groups with 5-year OS: 85%, 72%, 43%, and 17% (P < .001) and was more discriminative than MIPI and MIPI-b.Using the Ki-67 index is superior to using cytology and growth pattern as prognostic factors in MCL. The modified combination of the Ki-67 index and MIPI showed a refined risk stratification, reflecting their strong complementary prognostic effects while integrating the most relevant prognostic factors available in clinical routine.
Predicting Early Recurrent Stroke With the Recurrence Risk Estimator
Authors: Graeme J. Hankey, Chee-Keong Wee
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

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Validation of 12-item general health questionnaire into Kannada language
Authors: D. C. Javaregowda, B. Parthasarathy, A. Suresh, D. Lokanath, K. Govind Babu, B. Ullas, G. Anupama, K. Sani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

17077 Background: The cancer load in India is enormous and majority of the cases present in an advanced stage. There is no valid translation of 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in Kannada, which is a simple but indispensable tool in the comprehensive cancer care (both for metastatic and in adjuvant settings). Therefore we thought of developing and validating the GHQ-12 Questionnaire into Kannada language. Methods: The study was conducted at kidwai memorial institute of Oncology, Bangalore, a tertiary cancer center with an annual attendance of 16,000 new cases. We have chosen educated patients who can speak and write both English and Kannada. We used ’forward-backward’ translation procedure into Kannada. We used scores from 0–3 for the Questionnaire. Total score for both languages was calculated. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity was performed using convergent validity. Finally, the factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing principal component analysis using oblique factor solution. Results: A total of 118 patients with various malignancies were entered into the study. The mean age was 36.8 ± 12.1 years. The mean GHQ score was 21.6 ± 9.1 for the English and 22.6 ± 8.1 for Kannada. Reliability analysis showed satisfactory result (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.79). The principal component analysis with oblique rotation solution showed that the GHQ-12 was a measure of psychological morbidity with four -factor structure that jointly accounted for 48 % of the variance. Conclusions: The Kannada version of the GHQ-12 is a reliable and valid instrument with a good structural characteristic. It can be used for measuring psychological well being at our institute for those patients who can read and write only Kannada. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Loss of wild-type Kras promotes activation of all Ras isoforms in oncogenic Kras-induced leukemogenesis
Authors: G Kong, Y-I Chang, A Damnernsawad, X You, J Du, E A Ranheim, W Lee, M-J Ryu, Y Zhou, Y Xing, Q Chang, C E Burd, J Zhang
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Majority of shrimp-allergic patients are allergic to mealworm
Authors: Henrike Broekman, Kitty C. Verhoeckx, Constance F. den Hartog Jager, Astrid G. Kruizinga, Marieke Pronk-Kleinjan, Benjamin C. Remington, Carla A. Bruijnzeel-Koomen, Geert F. Houben, André C. Knulst
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Genomic Characterization of Primary Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer
Authors: Christine Desmedt, Gabriele Zoppoli, Gunes Gundem, Giancarlo Pruneri, Denis Larsimont, Marco Fornili, Debora Fumagalli, David Brown, Françoise Rothé, Delphine Vincent, Naima Kheddoumi, Ghizlane Rouas, Samira Majjaj, Sylvain Brohée, Peter Van Loo, Patrick Maisonneuve, Roberto Salgado, Thomas Van Brussel, Diether Lambrechts, Ron Bose, Otto Metzger, Christine Galant, François Bertucci, Martine Piccart-Gebhart, Giuseppe Viale, Elia Biganzoli, Peter J. Campbell, Christos Sotiriou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILBC) is the second most common histologic subtype after invasive ductal breast cancer (IDBC). Despite clinical and pathologic differences, ILBC is still treated as IDBC. We aimed to identify genomic alterations in ILBC with potential clinical implications.From an initial 630 ILBC primary tumors, we interrogated oncogenic substitutions and insertions and deletions of 360 cancer genes and genome-wide copy number aberrations in 413 and 170 ILBC samples, respectively, and correlated those findings with clinicopathologic and outcome features.Besides the high mutation frequency of CDH1 in 65% of tumors, alterations in one of the three key genes of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, PIK3CA, PTEN, and AKT1, were present in more than one-half of the cases. HER2 and HER3 were mutated in 5.1% and 3.6% of the tumors, with most of these mutations having a proven role in activating the human epidermal growth factor receptor/ERBB pathway. Mutations in FOXA1 and ESR1 copy number gains were detected in 9% and 25% of the samples. All these alterations were more frequent in ILBC than in IDBC. The histologic diversity of ILBC was associated with specific alterations, such as enrichment for HER2 mutations in the mixed, nonclassic, and ESR1 gains in the solid subtype. Survival analyses revealed that chromosome 1q and 11p gains showed independent prognostic value in ILBC and that HER2 and AKT1 mutations were associated with increased risk of early relapse.This study demonstrates that we can now begin to individualize the treatment of ILBC, with HER2, HER3, and AKT1 mutations representing high-prevalence therapeutic targets and FOXA1 mutations and ESR1 gains deserving urgent dedicated clinical investigation, especially in the context of endocrine treatment.