tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In praise of mercury sphygmomanometers
Authors: A. Murray
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Editor—Users of mercury sphygmomanometers are being advised to consider alternatives, but this is causing problems.1,2 Currently there is confusion over the advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives. The mercury sphygmomanometer, when used by trained staff, is the gold standard. Aneroid devices are also in widespread use, but they can be knocked out of calibration easily. These devices can be used, provided they are recalibrated every six months, but indications are that this advice is rarely taken.

Automated devices are now readily available. The British Hypertension Society states that for these devices to be acceptable, no more than 25% of measurements should be in error by more than 10 mm Hg and no more than 10% by 15 mm Hg.3 Automated devices have a well accepted role in monitoring changes in blood pressure but a more limited one in determining absolute blood pressure. The combined recommendation of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Hypertension, and the European Atherosclerosis Society is quite clear—automated devices are unsuitable as a routine substitute for the measurement of clinic blood pressure in the diagnosis of hypertension and not appropriate for determining the need for treatment and for assessing treatment efficacy.4

Concerns have been expressed to the European Standards Committee for sphygmomanometers that the current degree of clinical accuracy required by the standard for automated devices is inadequate. Some would like to see noticeable improvements, but manufacturers will resist this strongly, simply because better accuracy cannot yet be achieved and, as O'Brien points out, the oscillometric techniques cannot measure blood pressure in all situations.5 Clinical users must decide when automated devices are appropriate and when they are not. We should not allow the argument that clinical staff are poor at taking manual measurements to influence decisions. Clinical staff can be trained.

The looming difficulties over the measurement of blood pressure have been clear for some years. Recognising this, at the Freeman Hospital and the University of Newcastle, we developed a manual device in collaboration with a manufacturer of traditional sphygmomanometers. This modern electronic device is an accurate alternative to the mercury sphygmomanometer, with features to improve measurement technique and to provide automatic recalibration when switched on.

Standards can help by weeding out poor quality devices but they do not recommend which devices should be used. A clinical decision must be made when selecting between manual and automated devices.
2012 Theme Issue on Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Eric D. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Biodesigned Nanocomposite Biomaterial for Auricular Cartilage Reconstruction
Authors: Leila Nayyer, Gavin Jell, Ali Esmaeili, Martin Birchall, Alexander M. Seifalian
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Current biomaterials for auricular replacement are associated with high rates of infection and extrusion. The development of new auricular biomaterials that mimic the mechanical properties of native tissue and promote desirable cellular interactions may prevent implant failure. A porous 3D nanocomposite scaffold (NS) based on POSS‐PCU (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocage into polycarbonate based urea‐urethane) is developed with an elastic modulus similar to native ear. In vitro biological interactions on this NS reveal greater protein adsorption, increased fibroblast adhesion, proliferation, and collagen production compared with Medpor (the current synthetic auricular implant). In vivo, the POSS‐PCU with larger pores (NS2; 150–250 μm) have greater tissue ingrowth (≈5.8× and ≈1.4 × increase) than the POSS‐PCU with smaller pores (NS1; 100–50 μm) and when compared to Medpor (&gt;100 μm). The NS2 with the larger pores demonstrates a reduced fibrotic encapsulation compared with NS1 and Medpor (≈4.1× and ≈1.6×, respectively; P &lt; 0.05). Porosity also influences the amount of neovascularization within the implants, with no blood vessel observed in NS1 (12 weeks postimplantation). The lack of chronic inflammatory response for all materials may indicate that the elastic modulus and pore size of the implant scaffold could be important design considerations for influencing fibrotic responses to auricular and other soft tissue implants.
Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with the “triple-negative” phenotype: Prognostic implications of EGFR immunoreactivity
Authors: M. Colleoni, N. Rotmensz, P. Maissoneuve, L. Bottiglieri, E. Montagna, R. Torrisi, A. Cardillo, A. Goldhirsch, G. Viale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

11083 Background: Invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast with the so-called triple negative phenotype (i.e.: lacking any immunoreactivity for estrogen and progesterone receptors, and with a negative HER2 status) are characterized by poor clinical outcome. It remains to be elucidated, however, whether additional tumor markers might allow identification of patients at different risk of tumor progression and death. Methods: We evaluated clinical and biological features and adjuvant treatment recommendations for 284 consecutive patients with pT1–3, pN1–3 and M0 IDC with the triple negative phenotype, operated and counseled for medical therapy from April 1997 to December 2001. Median follow-up was 70 months (interquartile range 59 to 94 months). Results: Statistically significant worse disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were observed in multivariate analysis, for patients with primary tumors exhibiting EGFR immunoreactivity in ≥50% invasive tumor cells versus patients with tumors showing lower expression (HR 2.39, 95% CI, 1.32–4.34, P=.004 for DFS; HR 2.34, 95% CI, 1.20–4.59 P=.01 for OS). Age ≥70 yrs (HR 2.81, 95% CI, 1.10–7.15, P=.03), and occurrence of peritumoral vascular invasion (HR 1.98, 95% CI, 1.09–3.61, P=.03) were additional independent predictors of reduced OS. Conclusions: EGFR immunoreactivity significantly correlates with worse prognosis in patients with operable triple-negative IDC of the breast. These data support the exploitation of selective EGFR blockade in the adjuvant treatment of these EGFR-positive tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Guidelines for reporting outcomes of lymphoma trials.
Authors: J R Anderson, K J Propert, D P Harrington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

AbstractMarch 01, 1988 Share on Guidelines for reporting outcomes of lymphoma trials.Authors: J R Anderson, K J Propert, and D P HarringtonAuthors Info & AffiliationsPublication: Journal of Clinical OncologyVolume 6, Number 3https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1988.6.3.559 Get Access
Abstract 16540: Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction is an Independent Predictor of Epicardial Allograft Vasculopathy Onset and Mortality in Heart Transplant Patients With Normal Coronary Angiograms
Authors: Francesco Tona, Martina Previato, Giulia Famoso, Marny Fedrigo, Martina Perazzolo Marra, Sara Tellatin, Roberto Bellu, Giuseppe Tarantini, Giuseppe Feltrin, Gino Gerosa, Annalisa Angelini, Sabino Iliceto
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Advanced chronic kidney disease populations have elevated trimethylamine N-oxide levels associated with increased cardiovascular events
Authors: Richard B. Kim, Bridget L. Morse, Ognjenka Djurdjev, Mila Tang, Norman Muirhead, Brendan Barrett, Daniel T. Holmes, Francois Madore, Catherine M. Clase, Claudio Rigatto, Adeera Levin, Mohsen Agharazii, Joanne Blouin, France Samson, Ayub Akbarii, Judy Cheesman, Jennilea Courtney, Sabrina Hamer, Edita Delic, Valerie Cronin, Paul Barré, Jeffrey Golden, Brendan Barrett, Elizabeth Langille, Sandra Adams, Janet Morgan, Catherine Clase, Cathy Moreau, Susan Cooper, Brian Forzley, Susan Caron, Shauna Granger, Susan Valley, Helen Sather, Serge Cournoyer, Lorraine Menard, Michèle Roy, Hélène Skidmore, Dolores Beaudry, Janis Dionne, Josephine Chow, Valla Sahraei, Sandra Donnelly, Niki Dacouris, Rosa Marticorena, Brenda Hemmelgarn, Sharon Gulewich, Troy Hamilton, Paul Keown, Nadia Zalunardo, Daniel Rogers, Reena Tut, Matthew Paquette, Rossitta Yung, Adeera Levin, Nancy Ferguson, Mila Tang, Helen Chiu, Kathleen Carlson, Lina Sioson, Taylor Perry, Zainab Sheriff, Naama Rozen, Charmaine Lok, Michelle Cross, Cathy Forrester, Alexandra Cotoi, François Madore, Manon Maltais, Louise Moist, Kerri Gallo, Sarah Langford, Leah Slamen, Danielle Cram, Norman Muirhead, Mary Jeanne Edgar, Taylor Gray, Cameron Edgar, Karen Groeneweg, Eileen McKinnon, Erin McRae, Kyla Blackie, Bharat Nathoo, Kimmy Lau, Malvinder Parmar, Sylvie Gelinas, Martine Leblanc, Lucie Lépine, Claudio Rigatto, Dolores Friesen, Steven Soroka, Susan Fleet, Jeanette Squires, Siva Thanamayooran, Michael Binder, Christine Hines, Brenda McNeil, Patrice McDougall, Joy Howard, Deborah Gillis, Kathleen Hines, Sheldon Tobe, Mary Chessman, Nancy Perkins, Martha Agelopoulos, Stacey Knox, Tiffany Richards, Marcello Tonelli, Susan Szigety, Dawn Opgenorth, Karen Yeates, Karen Mahoney
Journal: Kidney International (2016)
Treating a specified number of patients is no guarantee of quality
Authors: A. Ball
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1-Data available from trial comparng short term (five years') treatment with adjuvant tamoxifen with longer term treatment (eight years and seven months) for breast cancer.Figures are numbers of women except where otherwise stated Short term Long term treatment treatment Survival (%) 96 94 (P = 0.11) Event free survival (%) 92 86 (P = 0.016) Recurrence 10 23 Death 13 23 Cancer in contralateral breast 5 6 Second primaries 16 24unpublished data.Table 1 gives the data, which are available under the American Freedom of Information Act.Baum and Cuzick believe that the statistical analysis is highly unreliable and that the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, the National Cancer Institute and its independent
The Evaluation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (Fgfr1), Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (Fgf2), Phosphatidylinositol 3 Phosphate Kinase (Ip3K) Expression and Their Clinical, Prognostic Significance in Early and Advanced Stage of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: C. Usul Afsar, B. Sahin, D. Gumurdulu, E. Kılıc Bagır, R. Burgut, M. Erkisi, O. Kara, M. Gunaldi, V. Ercolak
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Biochemical Characterization of a Cancer Immunotherapeutic Agent: MSF-MB 2
Authors: H.J. Esber, M. Hagopian, A.E. Bogden
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Biochemical Characterization of a Cancer Immunotherapeutic Agent: MSF-MB Get access H.J. Esber, H.J. Esber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Hagopian, M. Hagopian Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.E. Bogden A.E. Bogden 3Department of Immunobiology, Mason Research Institute, Worcester, Mass. 01608. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 1, July 1974, Pages 209–212, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.1.209 Published: 01 July 1974 Article history Received: 11 January 1974 Accepted: 10 April 1974 Published: 01 July 1974
David Oliver: Resuscitation orders and reality
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The BMJ recently carried two informative pieces on the implications of common law rulings for doctors in England and Wales documenting “Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation” (DNACPR) decisions.1 2 The Tracey ruling in the Court of Appeal was followed by Winspear in the High Court.3 4 Responses revealed many professional concerns about the implications. Meanwhile, the Resuscitation Council recently consulted on “Emergency care and treatment plans”: these aim to make recorded anticipatory decisions about patients’ wishes and the desirability and limits of emergency and life saving treatment more consistent and widespread, including in people who lack capacity.5

It’s easy to see why the public and press can become so agitated. Finding out second hand that …
Axitinib for first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): Overall efficacy and pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses from a randomized phase II study.
Authors: Brian I. Rini, Viktor Grünwald, Mayer N. Fishman, Bohuslav Melichar, Takeshi Ueda, Petr A Karlov, A H. Bair, Ying Chen, Sinil Kim, Eric Jonasch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

4503 Background: Axitinib is a potent, selective, second-generation inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors with efficacy in mRCC. Due to PK and pharmacodynamic variability, some patients have sub-optimal drug exposures at the standard 5-mg twice daily (BID) dose. Prior analyses indicated higher drug exposure enhanced efficacy; thus, dose titration based on individual tolerability may optimize exposure and improve outcomes. A randomized phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of axitinib dose titration from 5 mg BID to a maximum of 10 mg BID in first-line mRCC. Methods: Patients with treatment-naïve mRCC received axitinib 5 mg BID for a 4-week lead-in period (cycle 1). Then, patients with 2 consecutive weeks of blood pressure (BP) ≤150/90 mmHg, no axitinib-related toxicities &gt;grade 2, no dose reductions, and ≤2 antihypertensive medications were randomized in a double-blind fashion to axitinib 5 mg BID + dose titration with either axitinib (arm A) or placebo (arm B); those ineligible for randomization continued with same dose (arm C). Primary endpoint is objective response rate (ORR). Serial 6-hr PK sampling and 24-hr ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) were performed on cycle 1 day 15 in a subset of patients. Results: In all, 203 patients were accrued; 112 randomized to arms A or B, and 91 in arm C. As of July 1, 2011, ORR (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 40.2% (31.0, 49.9) in A+B (blinded pooled analysis) and 56.0% (45.2, 66.4) in C. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) (95% CI) was 13.7 mo (9.2, not estimable [NE]) in A+B and 12.2 mo (8.6, 16.7) in C. Patients with drug exposure above therapeutic threshold (AUC 24 ≥300 ng·h/mL; n=27) on cycle 1 day 15 had longer mPFS and higher ORR than those with sub-therapeutic exposure (n=25) (mPFS [95% CI]: 13.9 mo [12.2, NE] vs 8.3 mo [5.5, NE]; ORR: 59% vs 48%). Patients with mean increases of diastolic BP (ΔdBP) ≥15 mmHg (n=18) per ABPM had higher ORR than those with ΔdBP &lt;15 mmHg (n=36) (61% vs 53%). Conclusions: Axitinib is effective in first-line treatment of mRCC, with high ORR and mPFS &gt;1 yr. Preliminary results suggest therapeutic drug exposure and ΔdBP ≥15 mmHg on cycle 1 day 15 may be associated with better outcomes.
CNS-accessible Inhibitor of Glucosylceramide Synthase for Substrate Reduction Therapy of Neuronopathic Gaucher Disease
Authors: John Marshall, Ying Sun, Dinesh S Bangari, Eva Budman, Hyejung Park, Jennifer B Nietupski, Amy Allaire, Mary A Cromwell, Bing Wang, Gregory A Grabowski, John P Leonard, Seng H Cheng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase and the consequent lysosomal accumulation of unmetabolized glycolipid substrates. Enzyme-replacement therapy adequately manages the visceral manifestations of nonneuronopathic type-1 Gaucher patients, but not the brain disease in neuronopathic types 2 and 3 GD. Substrate reduction therapy through inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) has also been shown to effectively treat the visceral disease. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel small molecule inhibitor of GCS with central nervous system (CNS) access (Genz-682452) to treat the brain disease. Treatment of the conduritol β epoxide-induced mouse model of neuronopathic GD with Genz-682452 reduced the accumulation of liver and brain glycolipids (>70% and >20% respectively), extent of gliosis, and severity of ataxia. In the genetic 4L;C* mouse model, Genz-682452 reduced the levels of substrate in the brain by >40%, the extent of gliosis, and paresis. Importantly, Genz-682452-treated 4L;C* mice also exhibited an ~30% increase in lifespan. Together, these data indicate that an orally available antagonist of GCS that has CNS access is effective at attenuating several of the neuropathologic and behavioral manifestations associated with mouse models of neuronopathic GD. Therefore, Genz-682452 holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for patients with type-3 GD.
US workers without paid sick leave are more likely to forgo care, study finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Workers in the United States with no paid sick leave are three times more likely to forgo care for themselves than workers with paid sick leave benefits, a study has found,1 and they are also more likely to forgo care for family members.

Of 22 nations ranked highly in terms of economic development by the United Nations’ Human Development Index, the US is the only country that does not mandate employers to provide paid sick leave. As a result, only 70% of full time employees in the private …
Anti-proliferative effects of T cells expressing a ligand-based chimeric antigen receptor against CD116 on CD34+ cells of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Yozo Nakazawa, Kazuyuki Matsuda, Takashi Kurata, Akane Sueki, Miyuki Tanaka, Kazuo Sakashita, Chihaya Imai, Matthew H. Wilson, Kenichi Koike
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2016)

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a fatal, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm of early childhood. Patients with JMML have mutually exclusive genetic abnormalities in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor (GMR, CD116) signaling pathway. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only curative treatment option for JMML; however, disease recurrence is a major cause of treatment failure. We investigated adoptive immunotherapy using GMR-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for JMML. We constructed a novel CAR capable of binding to GMR via its ligand, GM-CSF, and generated piggyBac transposon-based GMR CAR-modified T cells from three healthy donors and two patients with JMML. We further evaluated the anti-proliferative potential of GMR CAR T cells on leukemic CD34+ cells from six patients with JMML (two NRAS mutations, three PTPN11 mutations, and one monosomy 7), and normal CD34+ cells. GMR CAR T cells from healthy donors suppressed the cytokine-dependent growth of MO7e cells, but not the growth of K562 and Daudi cells. Co-culture of healthy GMR CAR T cells with CD34+ cells of five patients with JMML at effector to target ratios of 1:1 and 1:4 for 2 days significantly decreased total colony growth, regardless of genetic abnormality. Furthermore, GMR CAR T cells from a non-transplanted patient and a transplanted patient inhibited the proliferation of respective JMML CD34+ cells at onset to a degree comparable to healthy GMR CAR T cells. Seven-day co-culture of GMR CAR T cells resulted in a marked suppression of JMML CD34+ cell proliferation, particularly CD34+CD38− cell proliferation stimulated with stem cell factor and thrombopoietin on AGM-S3 cells. Meanwhile, GMR CAR T cells exerted no effects on normal CD34+ cell colony growth. Ligand-based GMR CAR T cells may have anti-proliferative effects on stem and progenitor cells in JMML.
Is Hemophilia B Less Severe Than Hemophilia A? Results Of Global Coagulation Assays
Authors: Maria Rosaria Fasulo, Maria Elisa Mancuso, Veena Chantarangkul, Antonino Cannavò, Marigrazia Clerici, Lidia Padovan, Erica Scalambrino, Flora Peyvandi, Armando Tripodi, Elena Santagostino
Journal: Blood (2013)
GLI pathogenesis-related 1 functions as a tumor-suppressor in lung cancer
Authors: Xiumei Sheng, Nathan Bowen, Zhengxin Wang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2016)

GLI pathogenesis-related 1 (GLIPR1) was originally identified in glioblastomas and its expression was also found to be down-regulated in prostate cancer. Functional studies revealed both growth suppression and proapoptotic activities for GLIPR1 in multiple cancer cell lines. GLIPR1’s role in lung cancer has not been investigated. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a protein arginine methyltransferase and forms a stoichiometric complex with the WD repeat domain 77 (WDR77) protein. Both PRMT5 and WDR77 are essential for growth of lung epithelial and cancer cells. But additional gene products that interact genetically or biochemichally with PRMT5 and WDR77 in the control of lung cancer cell growth are not characterized. DNA microarray and immunostaining were used to detect GLIPR1 expression during lung development and lung tumorigenesis. GLIPR1 expression was also analyzed in the TCGA lung cancer cohort. The consequence of GLIPR1 on growth of lung cancer cells in the tissue culture and lung tumor xenografts in the nude mice was observed. We found that GLIPR1 expression is negatively associated with PRMT5/WDR77. GLIPR1 is absent in growing epithelial cells at the early stages of mouse lung development and highly expressed in the adult lung. Expression of GLIPR1 was down-regulated during lung tumorigenesis and its expression suppressed growth of lung cancer cells in the tissue culture and lung tumor xenografts in mice. GLIPR1 regulates lung cancer growth through the V-Erb-B avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (ErbB3). This study reveals a novel pathway that PRMT5/WDR77 regulates GLIPR1 expression to control lung cancer cell growth and GLIPR1 as a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer.
Intensive nurse visits to teenage mothers do not reduce further pregnancies, report says
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Intensive home visits from specialist nurses to teenagers expecting their first baby do not reduce the rate of second pregnancies within two years or improve the babies’ health when compared with usual prenatal and community child health services, show the short term outcomes of a UK programme reported in the Lancet .1

Children born to teenage mothers are more likely to have lower birth weight, not to be breast fed, and to have a higher risk of accidents and early death than children born to older mothers. They tend to do worse at school, have more emotional and behavioural problems, and have a higher risk of becoming teenage parents themselves.

In 2007 the NHS in England introduced the Family Nurse Partnership, a programme that supplemented standard care with intensive home visits to teenage mothers by specially …