tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Purification to homogeneity and amino acid sequence analysis of two anionic species of human interleukin 1.
Authors: P M Cameron, G A Limjuco, J Chin, L Silberstein, J A Schmidt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Two anionic species of human IL-1 have been purified to homogeneity. These molecules were characterized as having pI of 5.4 and 5.2 and molecular weights identical to IL-1/6.8 (17,500). The specific activities of IL-1/5.4 and IL-1/5.2, as measured in the mouse thymocyte co-mitogenic assay, were identical to that of IL-1/6.8, namely 1.2 X 10(7) U/mg, with half-maximal stimulation observed at 2 X 10(-11) M. IL-1/5.4 and IL-1/5.2 were found to be antigenically distinct from IL-1/6.8 in an ELISA. IL-1/5.4 was structurally distinct from IL-1/6.8 based on reverse-phase HPLC or CNBr peptides. Intact IL-1/5.2 and three intact CNBr peptides of IL-1/5.4 were sequenced, with the identification of 74 amino acid residues. These sequences were found to correspond exactly with the amino acid sequence deduced from the IL-1-alpha cDNA reported by March et al.
Instantiating a Vision: Creating the New Pathology Department at Stanford Medical School
Authors: David Korn
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2011)

This review represents my best effort to recreate and memorialize events that occurred 44 years ago, when I was invited to join the Stanford University faculty to create, essentially de novo, what rapidly became and remains today one of the very best and most admired departments of pathology in the world. That I was able to accomplish this challenging task I attribute to my holding fast to a somewhat inchoate vision of where the science and practice of pathology would go in future decades, a little bit to my gut instincts and innate ability to spot up-and-coming talent, but a lot to circumstances and good fortune in leading me to a small nucleus of wonderful young professionals of outstanding promise who were willing to join me in “betting the house” that, working together, we could pull off this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity—and we did.
Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin at ICU Admission Predicts for Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients
Authors: Hilde R H de Geus, Jan Bakker, Emmanuel M E H Lesaffre, Jos L M L le Noble
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Measured at intensive care unit admission (ICU), the predictive value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) for severe acute kidney injury (AKI) is unclear.To assess the ability of plasma and urine NGAL to predict severe AKI in adult critically ill patients.Prospective-cohort study consisting of 632 consecutive patients.Samples were analyzed by Triage immunoassay for NGAL expression. The primary outcome measure was occurrence of AKI based on Risk-Injury-Failure (RIFLE) classification during the first week of ICU stay. A total of 171 (27%) patients developed AKI. Of these 67, 48, and 56 were classified as RIFLE R, I, and F, respectively. Plasma and urine NGAL values at ICU admission were significantly related to AKI severity. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for plasma and urine NGAL were for RIFLE R (0.77 ± 0.05 and 0.80 ± 0.04, respectively), RIFLE I (0.80 ± 0.06 and 0.85 ± 0.04, respectively), and RIFLE F (0.86 ± 0.06 and 0.88 ± 0.04, respectively) and comparable with those of admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (0.84 ± 0.04, 0.87 ± 0.04, and 0.92 ± 0.04, respectively). Plasma and urine NGAL significantly contributed to the accuracy of the "most efficient clinical model" with the best four variables including eGFR, improving the area under the curve for RIFLE F prediction to 0.96 ± 0.02 and 0.95 ± 0.01. Serial NGAL measurements did not provide additional information for the prediction of RIFLE F.NGAL measured at ICU admission predicts the development of severe AKI similarly to serum creatinine-derived eGFR. However, NGAL adds significant accuracy to this prediction in combination with eGFR alone or with other clinical parameters and has an interesting predictive value in patients with normal serum creatinine.
Objective measurement of cough during pulmonary exacerbations in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: J A Smith
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Little is known about cough frequency in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to determine (1) daytime and overnight cough rates in patients with CF at the beginning and end of a course of antibiotics for treatment of an exacerbation; (2) the relationship between cough frequencies and standard clinical measures of disease; and (3) the relationship between objective cough rates and the subjective assessment of cough. <b>Methods:</b> Nineteen adult patients admitted with a pulmonary exacerbation performed daytime and overnight sound recordings on admission; 13 had repeat recordings prior to discharge. Coughs were manually quantified in cough seconds (time spent coughing). Patients subjectively scored their cough using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical score. Lung function, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and sputum weights were recorded. <b>Results:</b> Cough rates fell substantially with treatment; median fall in cough rate was 51.3% (IQR 32.3–77.5) (p&lt;0.001) for daytime and 72.2% (28.6–90.1) (p = 0.049) for overnight. Multivariate regression analyses showed that forced expiratory volume in 1 second and CRP levels predicted overnight cough rates on admission. On discharge, sputum volume predicted daytime cough rates. Only the change in overnight VAS correlated with the change in objective cough rates. <b>Conclusions:</b> The cough rate significantly decreases with treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation in adults with CF. Lung function, sputum volume, and CRP influences the cough rate, with the effects differing from day to night and between admission and discharge. Subjective reporting of a nocturnal cough may indicate a pulmonary exacerbation of CF in adults.
Overnight oximetry as a screening tool for moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: S. Sharma, J.C. Ratoff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  With increasing prevalence of obesity, the burden of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on public health services will increase. It is estimated that 4% of middle-aged men have significant OSA. Current SIGN guidelines for OSA recommend treatment with CPAP if the apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI)≥ 15/hr or oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ≥10/hr. It would be of both clinical and economic benefit, if a simple test like overnight oximetry could be used to screen the patients for moderate or severe OSA.   Aims:  To assess the sensitivity of ODI≥10 in diagnosing moderate and severe OSA. To assess if other parameters are associated with AHI ≥15/hr in patients with ODI    Method:  We retrospectively collected data from the medical notes and respiratory polysomnography studies (Visilab) of 250 patients, who were suspected to have OSA. ODI, AHI, Mallampati grade, Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) and pulse rate variability were recorded.   Results:  102 patients out of the total of 250 had moderate or severe OSA. 77% of these had ODI ≥10/hr. Mallampati grade was recorded in 75 patients: 84% had grade >2. In patients with ODI  2. AHI correlates significantly with ODI (r=0.82, p   Conclusion:  More than three quarters of the patients with moderate or severe OSA could have been diagnosed by using overnight oximetry. Mallampati grade >2 appears to predict the presence of significant OSA, even when ODI is
Functionally specialized junctions between endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels
Authors: Peter Baluk, Jonas Fuxe, Hiroya Hashizume, Talia Romano, Erin Lashnits, Stefan Butz, Dietmar Vestweber, Monica Corada, Cinzia Molendini, Elisabetta Dejana, Donald M. McDonald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Recirculation of fluid and cells through lymphatic vessels plays a key role in normal tissue homeostasis, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Despite recent advances in understanding lymphatic function (Alitalo, K., T. Tammela, and T.V. Petrova. 2005. Nature. 438:946–953), the cellular features responsible for entry of fluid and cells into lymphatics are incompletely understood. We report the presence of novel junctions between endothelial cells of initial lymphatics at likely sites of fluid entry. Overlapping flaps at borders of oak leaf–shaped endothelial cells of initial lymphatics lacked junctions at the tip but were anchored on the sides by discontinuous button-like junctions (buttons) that differed from conventional, continuous, zipper-like junctions (zippers) in collecting lymphatics and blood vessels. However, both buttons and zippers were composed of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and tight junction–associated proteins, including occludin, claudin-5, zonula occludens–1, junctional adhesion molecule–A, and endothelial cell–selective adhesion molecule. In C57BL/6 mice, VE-cadherin was required for maintenance of junctional integrity, but platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule–1 was not. Growing tips of lymphatic sprouts had zippers, not buttons, suggesting that buttons are specialized junctions rather than immature ones. Our findings suggest that fluid enters throughout initial lymphatics via openings between buttons, which open and close without disrupting junctional integrity, but most leukocytes enter the proximal half of initial lymphatics.
Mammographic Calcifications and Risk of Subsequent Breast Cancer
Authors: D B Thomas, J Whitehead, C Dorse, B A Threatt, F I Gilbert, A J Present, T Carlile
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Women with proliferative benign breast lesions are at increased risk of breast cancer, and some studies have provided evidence that microscopic calcifications in such lesions enhance the risk.This study was performed to determine whether calcifications on mammograms are predictive of subsequent breast cancer.Data for this study were collected on women enrolled at four of the clinics that participated in the Breast Cancer Detection and Demonstration Project (BCDDP). The presence, morphology, and distribution of calcifications visualized on baseline mammograms for 686 women who developed breast cancer over a 7- to 10-year period of follow-up were compared with those for 1357 controls who remained cancer free. We also compared presence and types of calcifications in breasts in which cancer subsequently developed with those in the contralateral breast.Calcifications were evident at baseline in at least one breast in 381 (55.5%) of 686 cases and in 606 (44.7%) of 1357 controls. The estimated relative risk (RR) of breast cancer was 1.68 in women with calcifications, compared with those having none. There was a statistically significant trend of increasing risk with number of breasts with calcifications; RR increased from 1.28 to 2.14 in women with calcifications in one and both breasts, respectively. In women with unilateral calcifications, RR was greater for the breast in which the calcification occurred (1.48) than for the opposite breast (1.08). The elevated risk persisted for more than 6 years from identification of the calcification, suggesting that these lesions were not indicative of existing carcinomas detected later. Risk was greatest in women with clustered calcifications of any morphology or linearly distributed punctate calcifications (RR = 3.64), and the cancer in women with such calcifications was 4.65 times more likely to occur in the involved breast than in the contralateral breast. Multiple and scattered punctate calcifications, and those of any number or distribution that were ring-shaped or linear, were also associated with subsequent risk of breast cancer (RR = 2.09 and 1.76, respectively) but were not strongly predictive of the side on which the breast cancer occurred. Risk was not altered in women with single punctate or large conglomerate calcifications, although the cancers that subsequently occurred in women with the latter lesions were over three times more likely to develop in the breast with the calcification than in the opposite breast.These findings are consistent with previously reported relationships between breast cancer and specific histologic types of noninvasive breast lesions. Some types of mammographic calcifications appear to be independent risk factors for breast cancer.If these results are confirmed by other investigators, mammographic calcifications could serve as an additional indicator of women at high risk for breast cancer who may benefit from intensified follow-up.
Clinical characteristics associated with Spitz nevi and Spitzoid malignant melanomas: The Yale University Spitzoid Neoplasm Repository experience, 1991 to 2008
Authors: Jason P. Lott, Jade Wititsuwannakul, Julie J. Lee, Stephan Ariyan, Deepak Narayan, Harriet H. Kluger, Rossitza Lazova
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Asthma may protect against autoimmune diseases
Authors: J Woodard
Journal: Thorax (2006)

▴ Tirosh A, Mandel D, Mimouni FB, et al. Autoimmune disease in asthma. Ann Intern Med2006;144:877–83[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] In this cross sectional study, data from the Israeli Defence Force database were used to analyse the prevalence of autoimmune disorders in asthmatic … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnals%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DANN%2BINTERN%2BMED%26rft.aulast%253DTirosh%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%26rft.volume%253D144%26rft.issue%253D12%26rft.spage%253D877%26rft.epage%253D883%26rft.atitle%253DAutoimmune%2Bdiseases%2Bin%2Basthma.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7326%252F0003-4819-144-12-200606200-00004%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16785476%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.7326/0003-4819-144-12-200606200-00004&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16785476&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F61%2F10%2F868.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000238555500002&link_type=ISI
Capsule Endoscopy Is Superior to Small-bowel Follow-through and Equivalent to Ileocolonoscopy in Suspected Crohn's Disease
Authors: Jonathan A. Leighton, Ian M. Gralnek, Stanley A. Cohen, Ervin Toth, David R. Cave, Douglas C. Wolf, Gerard E. Mullin, Scott R. Ketover, Peter E. Legnani, Ernest G. Seidman, Michael D. Crowell, Ari J. Bergwerk, Ravit Peled, Rami Eliakim
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
The Increasing Problem of Motorcycle Accidents
Authors: Richard C. Dillihunt
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The rising popularity of small-type motorcycles is creating a new epidemic in the United States. Registrations of motorcycles in America surpassed a million in 1965, with concomitant increases in injuries and fatalities. The experiences with 38 victims of motorcycle mishaps over a four-month period in a community hospital demonstrate the serious nature of this problem. Particularly severe head and extremity injuries are common; teen-agers are most frequently involved. The medical profession should make serious efforts to help diminish this problem. Close cooperation between physicians, legislative groups, and law enforcing agencies can help avert a great epidemic.
High altitude impairs nasal transepithelial sodium transport in HAPE-prone subjects
Authors: C. Sartori, H. Duplain, M. Lepori, M. Egli, M. Maggiorini, P. Nicod, U. Scherrer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

High-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) occurs in predisposed individuals at altitudes &gt;2,500 m. Defective alveolar fluid clearance secondary to a constitutive impairment of the respiratory transepithelial sodium transport contributes to its pathogenesis. Hypoxia impairs the transepithelial sodium transport in alveolar epithelial type II cells in vitro . If this impairment is also present in vivo , high-altitude exposure could aggravate the constitutive defect in sodium transport in HAPE-prone subjects, and thereby further facilitate pulmonary oedema. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to measure the nasal potential difference (PD) in 21 HAPE-prone and 29 HAPE-resistant subjects at low altitude and 30 h after arrival at high altitude (4,559 m). High-altitude exposure significantly decreased the mean±sd nasal PD in HAPE-prone (18.0±6.2 versus 12.5±6.8 mV) but not in HAPE-resistant subjects (25.6±9.4 versus 22.9±9.2 mV). This altitude-induced decrease was not associated with an altered amiloride-sensitive fraction, but was associated with a significantly lower amiloride-insensitive fraction of the nasal PD. These findings provide evidence in vivo that an environmental factor may impair respiratory transepithelial sodium transport in humans. They are consistent with the concept that in high-altitude pulmonary oedema-susceptible subjects, the combination of a constitutive and an acquired defect in this transport mechanism facilitates the development of pulmonary oedema during high-altitude exposure.
Pulmonary vascular lesions in the toxic oil syndrome in Spain.
Authors: H Kawane
Journal: Thorax (1984)

The proinflammatory capacities of the skin and the presence of high numbers of resident dendritic cells (DCs) constitute an ideal microenvironment for successful immunizations. Regardless of the ability of DCs to respond to local inflammatory signals in an immunostimulatory fashion, the immune functions of skin-resident DCs remain controversial, and epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) have been referred to recently as anti-inflammatory/protolerogenic APCs. Substance P (SP), released by skin nerve fibers, is a potent proinflammatory neuropeptide that favors development of skin-associated cellular immunity. SP exerts its proinflammatory functions by binding with high affinity to the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). In this study, we tested whether signaling skin cells via the NK1R promotes humoral and cellular immunity during skin genetic immunizations. We used the gene gun to deliver transgenic (tg) Ag to the skin of C57BL/6 mice and the selective NK1R agonist [Sar<sup>9</sup>Met (O<sub>2</sub>) <sup>11</sup>]-SP as a potential proinflammatory Th1-biasing adjuvant. Our strategy expressed tg Ag exclusively in the epidermis and induced a preferential migration of activated LCs to skin-draining lymph nodes. Local administration of the NK1R agonist during skin genetic immunizations increased significantly the expression of tg Ag by a mechanism involving the translocation of NF-κB into the nuclei of cutaneous DCs homing to skin-draining lymph nodes. Importantly, our immunization approach resulted in Th1 and T cytotoxic (CTL)-1 bias of effector T cells that supported cellular and Ab-mediated immune responses. We demonstrate that signaling skin cells via the NK1R provides the adjuvant effect which favors the immunostimulatory functions of LCs.
Evidence of the Effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in the Treatment of Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome
Authors: EUGENI BALLESTER, JOAN R. BADIA, LOURDES HERNÁNDEZ, EVA CARRASCO, JUAN de PABLO, CONSOL FORNAS, ROBERT RODRIGUEZ-ROISIN, JOSEP M. MONTSERRAT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is worldwide considered as the standard treatment of sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) although studies on the effectiveness of this treatment are limited. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CPAP in improving SAHS-related symptoms, daytime function, perceived health status, and quality of life in patients with moderate to severe SAHS. The effect of conservative treatment (CT) measures—sleep hygiene and weight loss— was compared with CT + CPAP. We included 105 consecutive patients (13 females, age 53 ± 10 yr, body mass index [BMI] = 32 ± 6 kg/m2, apnea/hypopnea index [AHI] = 56 ± 20, Epworth sleepiness scale [ESS] = 12 ± 5) who met our criteria for CPAP treatment. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups of similar characteristics. Group 1 (n = 37) was asked to improve sleep hygiene and started a weight loss program. Group 2 (n = 68) received, in addition, treatment with CPAP. Both groups were followed through weekly telephone calls and appointments. Sleepiness, other symptoms related to SAHS, daytime function, perceived health status, and quality of life were assessed through questionnaires at inclusion and after 3 mo of treatment. The relief of sleepiness and other SAHS-related clinical symptoms and improvement in perceived health status was much greater in Group 2 receiving CT + CPAP compared with Group 1, only receiving CT. The odds of experiencing a treatment response with CPAP + CT compared with CT alone was 6.52 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.51 to 17.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]). CPAP is currently the treatment of choice. At this time, the indication of CPAP treatment in moderate to severe SAHS is adequately supported.
Real-Time Analysis of Mural Thrombus Formation in Various Platelet Aggregation Disorders: Distinct Shear-Dependent Roles of Platelet Receptors and Adhesive Proteins Under Flow
Authors: Shizuko Tsuji, Mitsuhiko Sugimoto, Shigeki Miyata, Mitsuhiro Kuwahara, Seiji Kinoshita, Akira Yoshioka
Journal: Blood (1999)
The CAIRO4 Study: The Role of Surgery of the Primary Tumour with Few or Absent Symptoms in Patients with Synchronous Unresectable Metastases of Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Study
Authors: 't Lam - Boer Jorine, Mol Linda, Verhoef Cornelis, de Haan Ton, Punt Cornelis, De Wilt Johannes, Koopman Miriam
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Prenatal cocaine alters diaphragmatic EMG responses to hypoxia in developing swine.
Authors: I R Moss, A Laferrière, R E Faltus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To distinguish pure effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on respiratory control from confounding factors inherent to drug abuse, a porcine model was established. Cocaine was administered at 2 mg/kg 4 times daily during 0.66-1.0 gestation to 5 paired sows. At birth, cocaine-exposed piglets were fostered to the unexposed paired sows and their litters. Respiratory measures were obtained from diaphragmatic electromyographic activity (EMGDI) of 3 to 9 (young) and 21 to 31 (older) day-old, chronically instrumented piglets during 10 min each of normoxia and hypoxia (10% O2 in 90% N2), and compared between cocaine-exposed and unexposed animals. Arterial pH and gas tensions in hypoxia were not altered by cocaine. In the young neonates, only during hypoxia, cocaine preexposure produced a transient elevation of the peak and initial slope of the integrated EMGDI envelope, but did not affect respiratory timing, provided no extensive periodic breathing or apnea had occurred. In the older animals, during hypoxia only, cocaine preexposure increased the peak and initial slope of EMGDI envelope while decreasing summed EMGDI activity, EMGDI duration and Ttot toward levels seen in the young unexposed neonates. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to cocaine retards the normal maturation of respiratory EMG responses to hypoxia.