tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Correlates of Adult ADHD in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Authors: Ronald Kessler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Despite growing interest in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little is known about its prevalence or correlates. Method: A screen for adult ADHD was included in a probability subsample (N=3,199) of 18–44-year-old respondents in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative household survey that used a lay-administered diagnostic interview to assess a wide range of DSM-IV disorders. Blinded clinical follow-up interviews of adult ADHD were carried out with 154 respondents, oversampling those with positive screen results. Multiple imputation was used to estimate prevalence and correlates of clinician-assessed adult ADHD. Results: The estimated prevalence of current adult ADHD was 4.4%. Significant correlates included being male, previously married, unemployed, and non-Hispanic white. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with many other DSM-IV disorders assessed in the survey and was associated with substantial role impairment. The majority of cases were untreated, although many individuals had obtained treatment for other comorbid mental and substance-related disorders. Conclusions: Efforts are needed to increase the detection and treatment of adult ADHD. Research is needed to determine whether effective treatment would reduce the onset, persistence, and severity of disorders that co-occur with adult ADHD.
Interleukin-10 inhibits antigen-induced cellular recruitment into the airways of sensitized mice.
Authors: C Zuany-Amorim, S Hailé, D Leduc, C Dumarey, M Huerre, B B Vargaftig, M Pretolani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

This report examines the effect of recombinant murine (rm) IL-10 on antigen-induced cellular recruitment into the airways of sensitized Balb/c mice. The intranasal instillation of 10 micrograms ovalbumin induced an early (6-24 h) increase in the number of neutrophils, and a late rise (24-96 h) in that of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and bronchial tissue. A single intranasal instillation of 0.01-0.1 microgram of rmIL-10, administered concurrently with ovalbumin, but not 1 or 3 h thereafter, dose-dependently inhibited both airway neutrophilia and eosinophilia. This phenomenon was suppressed by treating the sensitized mice with 1 mg/mouse of a neutralizing anti-IL-10 mAb, which increased significantly ovalbumin-induced neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation in the BAL fluid. These results suggest that antigen stimulation may trigger the in vivo generation of IL-10, which, in turn, participates in the leukocyte infiltration into the airways. rmIL-10 also reduced TNF-alpha release in the BAL fluid observed 1 and 3 h after antigen challenge. Furthermore, the intranasal instillation of an anti-TNF-alpha antiserum to sensitized mice markedly reduced ovalbumin-induced neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation in the BAL fluid. These findings indicate that leukocyte infiltration into the airways of antigen-challenged mice is regulated by IL-10. Furthermore, inhibition of TNF-alpha production by rmIL-10 suggests that allergic airway inflammation and TNF-alpha formation are parallel events in this model.
Localisation of vitronectin receptor immunoreactivity and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity in synovium from patients with inflammatory or degenerative arthritis.
Authors: B A Ashton, I K Ashton, M J Marshall, R C Butler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

The influx of cells into the synovial intima in rheumatoid joints may include osteoclasts and their precursors. The distribution of osteoclast markers--namely, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity and the expression of vitronectin receptor (shown with monoclonal antibodies 13C2 and 23C6)--was therefore examined in synovium obtained from patients with rheumatoid (RA) or degenerative (OA) arthritis. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive cells were found in frozen sections of 60% (n = 30) of RA and 69% (n = 29) of OA synovial membranes. Whereas all synovia tested (four RA, four OA) showed diffuse staining of the lining cells with 13C2, 55% (n = 11) of RA and 57% (n = 14) of OA synovial membranes contained isolated cells stained with 23C6 scattered throughout the tissue. In cultures of synovial cells, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive, multinuclear, and 23C6 positive cells were found; these cells did not, however, form resorption pits on bone slices. The results show that fully differentiated osteoclasts are uncommon in synovium from patients with either degenerative or inflammatory arthropathies.
Identification of cells in culture
Authors: C. S. Stulberg, W. D. Peterson, W. F. Simpson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Abstract Most laboratories using cells cultured in vitro maintain multiple cell lines. Such lines should be monitored for species and intraspecies characteristics to prevent invalidation of research work due to incidents of cell line cross‐contamination. This report describes the results obtained when 246 cell cultures were examined for evidence of cross‐contamination or mislabeling. Using species‐specific antigens, isoenzyme electrophoresis, and chromosomes as markers of identity, 14% of the cultures submitted were found to be contaminated by cells of another species. Of human cell lines submitted 25% were of HeLa cell origin, as determined by 2 intraspecies markers, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and chromosome analyses. The fact that, overall, nearly 30% of the cell lines examined were incorrectly designated makes the importance of cell line monitoring self‐evident.
Chronic Urticaria/Angioedema and Auto-Immunity: Diagnostic Profile Among Patients Attending a Reference Clinic In Brazil
Authors: Daniel L. Cordeiro, Janaina Fernandes de Melo Sousa, Karine Boufleur, Priscila Botelho Palhas, Thaís Mendonça, Janaina Michele de Lima Melo, Luisa Karla P. Arruda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
A Novel Diterpene Suppresses CWR22Rv1 Tumor Growth <i>In vivo</i> through Antiproliferation and Proapoptosis
Authors: Feng-Min Lin, Chin-Hsien Tsai, Yu-Chih Yang, Wei-Chun Tu, Li-Ru Chen, Yun-Sa Liang, Sheng-Yang Wang, Lie-Fen Shyur, Shih-Chang Chien, Tai-Lung Cha, Pei-Wen Hsiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Androgen receptor (AR) is the main therapeutic target for treatment of metastatic prostate cancers (PCa). As recurrent tumors restore AR activity independent of hormones, new therapies that abolish AR activity have been sought to prevent or delay the emergence of ablation-resistant disease. Here, we report that a novel abietane diterpene, 6-hydroxy-5,6-dehydrosugiol (HDHS), isolated from the stem bark of Cryptomeria japonica, was a potent AR antagonist in PCa cells. HDHS treatment of androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-responsive 22Rv1 cells induced apoptosis as shown by nucleosome release, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase accompanied with concomitant up-regulation of tumor suppressor p53. HDHS also decreased the protein expression of cyclins (D1 and E), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6), and retinoblastoma phosphorylation in PCa cells, which suggest cell cycle arrest in the G(1) phase. Oral administration of HDHS at 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg once daily for 24 days to 22Rv1 PCa xenografted mice suppressed tumor growth by 22% and 39%, respectively, in association with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in tumor cells, which further correlated with increased levels of HDHS in plasma and tumors. Overall, our data suggest that HDHS has potential for use in chemoprevention and chemotherapy of PCa.
Archaeology and cultural macroevolution
Authors: Michael J. O'Brien
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Given the numerous parallels between the archaeological and paleontological records, it is not surprising to find a considerable fit between macroevolutionary approaches and methods used in biology – for example, cladistics and clade-diversity measures – and some of those that have long been used in archaeology – for example, seriation. Key, however, is recognizing that this methodological congruence is illusory in terms of how evolution has traditionally been viewed in biology and archaeology.
Interferon antibodies may negate the antiviral effects of recombinant α-interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Anna Suk-Fong Lok, Ching-Lung Lai, Elsie Kit-Yee Leung
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

In a randomized controlled trial of recombinant α-2a interferon for chronic hepatitis B, interferon antibodies developed in 21 (39%) of 54 Chinese adults who received IFN. No correlation was observed between sex, age, pretreatment serum ALT level or liver histological findings and the development of interferon antibodies. Antibodies were significantly more likely to develop in patients who received lower doses (2.5 or 5 MU/m 2 ) of α-2a interferon than in those who received a higher dose (10 MU/m 2 ): 53% vs. 11% (p = 0.006). The development of interferon antibodies appeared to reverse the initial antiviral response to treatment, with reappearance of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum in 12 patients and HBeAg in three patients. Sustained clearance of HBeAg was achieved in only one (5%) patient but was achieved in seven (21%) patients without interferon antibodies. The mere presence of interferon antibodies did not preclude an antiviral response to interferon therapy, but patients with high titer neutralizing antibodies were less likely to respond. These findings suggest that interferon antibodies may negate the antiviral effects of α-2a interferon. A higher incidence of interferon antibodies in Chinese vs. white patients with chronic hepatitis B may contribute to the poorer antiviral response in Chinese patients. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1266-1270).
Laboratory and Clinical Evidence of Synergistic Cytotoxicity of Sequential Treament With Gemcitabine Followed by Docetaxel in the Treatment of Sarcoma
Authors: Kirsten M. Leu, Leo J. Ostruszka, Donna Shewach, Mark Zalupski, Vernon Sondak, J. Sybil Biermann, Julia Shin-Jung Lee, Carol Couwlier, Krisinda Palazzolo, Laurence H. Baker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose A recent report of the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel described favorable results in patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma. The objective of this report is to describe experience with this combination in a variety of histologic subtypes of sarcoma. Additionally, cell-culture studies were performed to assess the effect of the sequence of drug administration on colony formation. Patients and Methods A medical record review of 35 patients receiving the gemcitabine/docetaxel combination was undertaken. Gemcitabine 675 mg/m 2 intravenously was administered over 90 minutes on days 1 and 8, and docetaxel 100 mg/m 2 intravenously was administered over 60 minutes on day 8 of a 21-day cycle. Cell culture studies using the SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cell line and MCF-7 breast cancer cell line were also performed. Gemcitabine and docetaxel were added to cells either simultaneously for 24 hours, gemcitabine for 24 hours followed by docetaxel for 24 hours, or the reverse sequence. Results Thirty-five patients were treated. Five complete responses and 10 partial responses were observed for an overall response rate of 43%. Responses occurred in uterine, extremity, and retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcomas, angiosarcomas, malignant fibrous histiocytomas, malignant peripheral-nerve sheath tumors, and Ewing's sarcoma. In the cell culture studies, gemcitabine followed by docetaxel provided synergy. In contrast, the administration of drugs simultaneously resulted in antagonism, and docetaxel followed by gemcitabine provided mixed results. Conclusion The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel seems to be active in a variety of sarcomas. A multicenter, randomized clinical trial in soft tissue sarcoma comparing gemcitabine alone with this combination, is ongoing.
Network-Level and Population Genetics Analysis of the Insulin/TOR Signal Transduction Pathway Across Human Populations
Authors: P. Luisi, D. Alvarez-Ponce, G. M. Dall'Olio, M. Sikora, J. Bertranpetit, H. Laayouni
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Genes and proteins rarely act in isolation, but they rather operate as components of complex networks of interacting molecules. Therefore, for understanding their evolution, it may be helpful to take into account the interaction networks in which they participate. It has been shown that selective constraints acting on genes depend on the position that they occupy in the network. Less understood is how the impact of local adaptation at the intraspecific level is affected by the network structure. Here, we analyzed the patterns of molecular evolution of 67 genes involved in the insulin/target of rapamycin (TOR) signal transduction pathway. This well-characterized pathway plays a key role in fundamental processes such as energetic metabolism, growth, reproduction, and aging and is involved in metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. For that purpose, we combined genotype data from worldwide human populations with current knowledge of the structure and function of the pathway. We identified the footprint of recent positive selection in nine of the studied genomic regions. Most of the adaptation signals were observed among Middle East and North African, European, and Central South Asian populations. We found that positive selection preferentially targets the most central elements in the pathway, in contrast to previous observations in the whole human interactome. This observation indicates that the impact of positive selection on genes involved in the insulin/TOR pathway is affected by the pathway structure.
Patients with chronic hepatitis C achieving a sustained virological response to peginterferon and ribavirin therapy recover from impaired hepcidin secretion
Authors: Naoki Fujita, Ryosuke Sugimoto, Satoshi Motonishi, Naohisa Tomosugi, Hideaki Tanaka, Masaki Takeo, Motoh Iwasa, Yoshinao Kobayashi, Hisao Hayashi, Masahiko Kaito, Yoshiyuki Takei
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Energy cost of sport rock climbing in elite performers.
Authors: J Booth, F Marino, C Hill, T Gwinn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

OBJECTIVES: To assess oxygen uptake (VO2), blood lactate concentration ([La(b)]), and heart rate (HR) response during indoor and outdoor sport climbing. METHODS: Seven climbers aged 25 (SE 1) years, with a personal best ascent without preview or fall (on sight) ranging from 6b to 7a were assessed using an indoor vertical treadmill with artificial rock hand/foot holds and a discontinuous protocol with climbing velocity incremented until voluntary fatigue. On a separate occasion the subjects performed a 23.4 m outdoor rock climb graded 5c and taking 7 min 36 s (SE 33 s) to complete. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured using a telemetry system and [La(b)] collected at rest and after climbing. RESULTS: Indoor climbing elicited a peak oxygen uptake (VO2climb-peak) and peak HR (HRpeak) of 43.8 (SE 2.2) ml/kg/min and 190 (SE 4) bpm, respectively and increased blood lactate concentration [La(b)] from 1.4 (0.1) to 10.2 (0.6) mmol/l (p &lt; 0.05). During outdoor climbing VO2 and HR increased to about 75% and 83% of VO2climb-peak and HRpeak, respectively. [La(b)] increased from 1.3 (0.1) at rest to 4.5 mmol/l (p &lt; 0.05) at 2 min 32 s (8 s) after completion of the climb. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that for elite climbers outdoor sport rock climbs of five to 10 minutes' duration and moderate difficulty require a significant portion of the VO2climb-peak. The higher HR and VO2 for outdoor climbing and the increased [La(b)] could be the result of repeated isometric contractions, particularly from the arm and forearm muscles.
Hot biopsy forceps in the diagnosis of endobronchial lesions
Authors: A. Tremblay, G. Michaud, S. J. Urbanski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Electrocoagulation bronchoscopy biopsy forceps may prevent bleeding, but could also impair the quality of the specimens obtained. Patients with endobronchial lesions during bronchoscopy underwent six endobronchial biopsies each with a hot biopsy forceps, alternating between with electrocoagulation (“hot”) and without (“cold”). Bleeding was quantified on a scale of 1–4, with 1 being no bleeding. The generator was set on “soft coagulation” mode, with power settings of 40, 60, 80 and 100 W for each group of 10 patients in a sequential fashion. Clinical pathology results were recorded before samples were reviewed by a second, blinded, pulmonary pathologist. A total of 39 patients with 40 endobronchial lesions had six biopsies performed (one patient had only four samples taken), giving a total of 238 biopsy samples. Concordance between hot and cold samples was 92.5% for the clinical pathologist and 87% for the blinded pathologist. Paired analysis suggested lower average bleeding score with the use of hot forceps. Overall bleeding rates for cold and hot biopsies, respectively, were as follows: grade 1: 30.3 and 41.2%; grade 2: 62.2 and 49.6%; grade 3: 7.6 and 9.2%; and grade 4: 0 and 0%. In conclusion, the use of hot biopsy forceps for endobronchial biopsy does not appear to have a negative impact on the pathological samples. Hot biopsy forceps showed a statistically significant reduction in bleeding score, which is unlikely to be of clinical significance.
Prevalence and expression of photosensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: A J Wysenbeek, D A Block, J F Fries
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Photosensitivity was assessed in 125 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 281 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as controls. Photosensitivity was reported by 87/119 (73%) patients with SLE and in 62/269 (23%) patients with RA; involving the face in 72/122 (59%) patients with SLE, then arms, chest, and neck. Patients with SLE reported that sun exposure could exacerbate various systemic symptoms, 51/121 (42%) reported medical treatment for photosensitivity and 41/118 (35%) reported that photosensitivity had a significant impact on their lifestyle. There was no significant difference in disease severity, as judged by physician or laboratory results, between patients scoring high or low on the photosensitivity scale.
Relationship of Cognition and Psychopathology to Functional Impairment in Schizophrenia
Authors: Somaia Mohamed, Robert Rosenheck, Marvin Swartz, Scott Stroup, Jeffrey A Lieberman, Richard S E Keefe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

This study evaluated the association of neurocognition and symptoms with measures of social and occupational functioning in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE).CATIE was an 18-month study of individuals with schizophrenia. Symptoms of 1,386 patients were measured with the positive syndrome scale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and a PANSS negative symptom scale that eliminated items that most overlap with measures of community functioning or neurocognition. The Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale, which a rater completes on the basis of the patient's self-report, and recent employment were used to assess community functioning. Hierarchical regression analyses and mixed models tested the association of neurocognition and symptoms with social/occupational functioning as well as changes in these measures during treatment.Both symptoms and neurocognition were associated with quality of life in bivariate correlation analyses. Symptoms contributed more to the incremental explained variance in quality of life than did neurocognitive functioning, but both kinds of measures were significantly related to quality of life. In an analysis including only the positive syndrome scale, the increased explained variance in quality of life was about equal to that associated with neurocognition. Neurocognition and both symptom measures were independently associated with quality of life in the cross-sectional mixed-model analysis. Changes in neurocognition and both symptom measures during treatment were also significantly associated with change in the quality of life.Both psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive deficits appear to contribute independently to decreased quality of life in schizophrenia.
Reductions in Plasma Cytokine Levels With Weight Loss Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Alice S. Ryan, Barbara J. Nicklas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine whether improvements in insulin sensitivity with weight loss are mediated by changes in inflammation in obese, postmenopausal women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied 58 sedentary, overweight, and obese (BMI 33 ± 1 kg/m2, means ± SEM) postmenopausal (58 ± 1 year) women at baseline and 37 women who completed 6 months of weight loss induced by diet and exercise. The women underwent 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (40 mU · m−2 · min−1) to determine glucose utilization (M). Insulin sensitivity was determined as M/I, the amount of glucose metabolized per unit of plasma insulin (I). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as their soluble receptors, were measured. RESULTS—At baseline, CRP concentration was a predictor of both glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity, independent of adiposity, race, and aerobic fitness (M: partial r = −0.30, P = 0.03, and M/I: partial r = −0.32, P = 0.02). Weight loss resulted in significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, VAT, and fasting glucose and insulin levels (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Both glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity increased by 16% (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CRP, IL-6, and soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR)-1 concentrations decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05), but concentrations of TNF-α, sTNFR-2, and soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6sR) did not change. In stepwise regression models to predict changes in glucose homeostasis, changes in VAT and sTNF-R1 independently predicted changes in glucose utilization (r = −0.49 and cumulative r = −0.64, P &amp;lt; 0.01), while changes in VAT and IL-6 were both independent predictors of changes in insulin sensitivity (r = −0.57 and cumulative r = −0.68, P &amp;lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS—Improvements in glucose metabolism with weight loss programs are independently associated with decreases in cytokine concentrations, suggesting that a reduction in inflammation is a potential mechanism that mediates improvements in insulin sensitivity.