tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced Incidence of Marek's Disease Gross Lymphomas in T-Cell-Depleted Chickens
Authors: J. M. Sharma, K. Nazerian, R. L. Witter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Chickens of line 7, highly susceptible to Marek's disease (MD), were depleted of T-cells by neonatal thymectomy, total-body gamma-irradiation, and multiple injections with antithymocyte serum. In two replicate experiments, significantly fewer gross lymphomas were present in T-cell-depleted chickens than in intact or in T-cell-depleted, reconstituted hatchmates; these findings provided evidence that T-cells may be the principal target for MD virus (MDV) transformation, T-cell depletion was not complete, and the presence of microscopic lesions in T-cell-depleted chickens was attributed to residual T-cells. Ten lymphomas from intact chickens and 2 lymphomas from a T-cell-depleted chicken were examined for cellular composition. All lymphomas consisted predominantly of T-cells. The results of this and other published studies indicated that T-cells may have a dual role in MD; They may serve as a target for lymphoma formation by MDV and also may participate in immune surveillance against the disease in resistant chickens.
Omission of dacarbazine or bleomycin, or both, from the ABVD regimen in treatment of early-stage favourable Hodgkin's lymphoma (GHSG HD13): an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Karolin Behringer, Helen Goergen, Felicitas Hitz, Josée M Zijlstra, Richard Greil, Jana Markova, Stephanie Sasse, Michael Fuchs, Max S Topp, Martin Soekler, Stephan Mathas, Julia Meissner, Martin Wilhelm, Peter Koch, Hans-Walter Lindemann, Enrico Schalk, Robert Semrau, Jan Kriz, Tom Vieler, Martin Bentz, Elisabeth Lange, Rolf Mahlberg, Andre Hassler, Martin Vogelhuber, Dennis Hahn, Jörg Mezger, Stefan W Krause, Nicole Skoetz, Boris Böll, Bastian von Tresckow, Volker Diehl, Michael Hallek, Peter Borchmann, Harald Stein, Hans Eich, Andreas Engert
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Tolerance and efficacy of rituximab and changes in serum B cell biomarkers in patients with systemic complications of primary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: R. Seror, C. Sordet, L. Guillevin, E. Hachulla, C. Masson, M. Ittah, S. Candon, V. Le Guern, A. Aouba, J. Sibilia, J.-E. Gottenberg, X. Mariette
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

To investigate the safety and efficacy of rituximab (RTX) for systemic symptoms in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and changes in B cell biomarkers.The records of 16 patients with pSS according to the American European consensus group criteria were reviewed retrospectively.Patients, all women, had a median age of 58.5 (range 41-71) years and a disease duration of 9.5 (range 0-25) years. RTX was prescribed for lymphoma (n = 5), refractory pulmonary disease with polysynovitis (n = 2), severe polysynovitis (n = 2), mixed cryoglobulinaemia (n = 5), thrombocytopenia (n = 1) and mononeuritis multiplex (n = 1). The median follow-up duration was 14.5 (range 2-48) months. Three patients experienced adverse events, including one mild serum sickness-like reaction with the presence of human antichimeric antibodies. Efficacy of treatment was observed in 4 of 5 patients with lymphomas and in 9 of 11 patients with systemic involvement. Dryness was improved in only a minority of patients. Corticosteroid dose was reduced in 11 patients. RTX induced decreased rheumatoid factor, gamma-globulin and beta2-microglobulin levels, and the level of B cell activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor family (BAFF) increased concomitantly with B cell depletion. Five patients were re-treated, with good efficacy and tolerance, except for one with probable serum sickness-like reaction.This study shows good efficacy and fair tolerance of RTX for systemic features. In addition, RTX allows for a marked reduction in corticosteroid use. Except for BAFF, the level of which increases, serum B cell biomarker levels decrease after taking RTX. Controlled trials should be performed to confirm the efficacy of RTX in pSS.
Risk factors for medial meniscal pathology on knee MRI in older US adults: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Martin Englund, David T Felson, Ali Guermazi, Frank W Roemer, Ke Wang, Michel D Crema, John A Lynch, Leena Sharma, Neil A Segal, Cora E Lewis, Michael C Nevitt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Objectives Meniscal pathology in which the aetiology is often unclear is a frequent finding on knee MRI. This study investigates potential risk factors for medial meniscal lesions or extrusion in middle-aged and elderly persons. Methods Prospective cohort study using population-based subjects from Birmingham, Alabama and Iowa City, Iowa, USA (the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study). 644 men and women aged 50–79 years with or at high risk of knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren and Lawrence grade 0–2) but with normal medial meniscal status at baseline were studied. Paired baseline and 30-month 1.0 T knee MRI were scored for meniscal lesions and extrusion (pathology) and the following systemic, knee-specific and compartment-specific potential risk factors were evaluated: age, sex, body mass index, bony enlargement of finger joints, knee trauma, leg-length inequality and knee alignment. Results Of 791 knees, 77 (9.7%) had medial meniscal pathology at 30 months follow-up. 61 of the 77 (81%) had no report of trauma during follow-up. Including all potential risk factors in the multivariable model, the adjusted OR for medial meniscal pathology was 4.14 (95% CI 2.06 to 8.31) for knee trauma during follow-up, 1.64 (1.00 to 2.70) for five or more bony enlargements of finger joints (vs ≤4) and 2.00 (1.18 to 3.40) for varus alignment (vs not varus) at baseline examination. Obesity was a risk factor for the development of meniscal extrusion, OR 3.04 (1.04 to 8.93) but not for meniscal lesions, OR 1.15 (0.52 to 2.54). Conclusions Apart from knee trauma, possible generalised osteoarthritis, expressed as multiple bony enlargements of finger joints, varus alignment and obesity are risk factors for medial meniscal pathology.
A phase II study of oral etoposide in elderly patients with small cell lung cancer.
Authors: E F Smit, D N Carney, P Harford, D T Sleijfer, P E Postmus
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Thirty five previously untreated patients with small cell lung cancer older than 70 years were treated with oral etoposide (800 mg/m2 over five consecutive days) every four weeks. Twenty two patients had extensive disease and 13 limited disease. The overall response rate was 71%. The median survival for patients with limited diseases was 16 (range 6-32) months and for patients with extensive disease nine (range 4-17) months. There was mild haematological toxicity and alopecia but no major toxicity. It is concluded that etoposide in this dose regimen is an effective and well tolerated treatment for elderly patients with small cell lung cancer.
Host Resistance Selects for Traits Unrelated to Resistance-Breaking That Affect Fitness in a Plant Virus
Authors: Aurora Fraile, Jean-Michel Hily, Israel Pagán, Luis F. Pacios, Fernando García-Arenal
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

The acquisition by parasites of the capacity to infect resistant host genotypes, that is, resistance-breaking, is predicted to be hindered by across-host fitness trade-offs. All analyses of costs of resistance-breaking in plant viruses have focused on within-host multiplication without considering other fitness components, which may limit understanding of virus evolution. We have reported that host range expansion of tobamoviruses on L-gene resistant pepper genotypes was associated with severe within-host multiplication penalties. Here, we analyze whether resistance-breaking costs might affect virus survival in the environment by comparing tobamovirus pathotypes differing in infectivity on L-gene resistance alleles. We predicted particle stability from structural models, analyzed particle stability in vitro, and quantified virus accumulation in different plant organs and virus survival in the soil. Survival in the soil differed among tobamovirus pathotypes and depended on differential stability of virus particles. Structure model analyses showed that amino acid changes in the virus coat protein (CP) responsible for resistance-breaking affected the strength of the axial interactions among CP subunits in the rod-shaped particle, thus determining its stability and survival. Pathotypes ranked differently for particle stability/survival and for within-host accumulation. Resistance-breaking costs in survival add to, or subtract from, costs in multiplication according to pathotype. Hence, differential pathotype survival should be considered along with differential multiplication to understand the evolution of the virus populations. Results also show that plant resistance, in addition to selecting for resistance-breaking and for decreased multiplication, also selects for changes in survival, a trait unrelated to the host–pathogen interaction that may condition host range expansion.
Adjustment to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the importance of psychological factors
Authors: H.C.F. McCathie, S.H. Spence, R.L. Tate
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Research has indicated a weak relationship between the degree of physical problems and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The importance of adaptive psychological functioning to maintain optimum quality of life has long been recognized, but there is a lack of empirical evidence concerning the nature of psychological factors involved in adjustment to COPD. Ninety-two males completed questionnaires to determine their coping strategies, levels of self-efficacy of symptom management and social support. Adjustment was measured in terms of depression, anxiety and quality of life. Symptom severity, socioeconomic status, duration of disease and age, which have been demonstrated to be of consequence in COPD, were used as control variables in hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Higher levels of catastrophic withdrawal coping strategies and lower levels of self-efficacy of symptom management were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety and a reduced quality of life. Higher levels of positive social support were linked to lower levels of depression and anxiety, while higher levels of negative social support were linked to higher levels of depression and anxiety. To maximize quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psychological factors need to be carefully assessed and addressed.
Vasostatin, a Calreticulin Fragment, Inhibits Angiogenesis and Suppresses Tumor Growth
Authors: Sandra E. Pike, Lei Yao, Karen D. Jones, Barry Cherney, Ettore Appella, Kazuyasu Sakaguchi, Hira Nakhasi, Julie Teruya-Feldstein, Peter Wirth, Ghanshyam Gupta, Giovanna Tosato
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

An endothelial cell inhibitor was purified from supernatant of an Epstein-Barr virus–immortalized cell line and identified as fragments of calreticulin. The purified recombinant NH2-terminal domain of calreticulin (amino acids 1–180) inhibited the proliferation of endothelial cells, but not cells of other lineages, and suppressed angiogenesis in vivo. We have named this NH2-terminal domain of calreticulin vasostatin. When inoculated into athymic mice, vasostatin significantly reduced growth of human Burkitt lymphoma and human colon carcinoma. Compared with other inhibitors of angiogenesis, vasostatin is a small, soluble, and stable molecule that is easy to produce and deliver. As an angiogenesis inhibitor that specifically targets proliferating endothelial cells, vasostatin has a unique potential for cancer treatment.
HLA class II alleles and histological features in chronically infected HCV patients with consistently normal ALT levels
Authors: C. Renou, P. Halfon, S. Pol, E. Jouve, J.P. Bronowiki, J.P. Arpurt, H. Rifflet, P. Cacoub, M. Picon, X. Causse, V. Canva, J. Denis, A. Tran, S. Dantin, M. Bourliere, D. Ouzan, A. Pariente, L. Alric, V. Cartier, M. Reville, S. Caillat
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Prolonged Retention of Dead Foetus in Utero
Authors: A. H. Howie
Journal: BMJ (1950)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA MEDICBJOAL vitamin B 12 and fully restored within three months, a period which, in an aged patient, seemed to be extraordinarily short.Our observations confirmed the experiences of Berk et al. (1948), Hall and Campbell (1948), Hall et al. (1949), Mollin (1949), and Ungley (1949), who found vitamin B12 effective in the treatment of neurological complications of pernicious anaemia.Summary A case of severe psychoneuropathy in the course of folic- acid treatment of pernicious anaemia is reported.Its complete and rapid restitution with injections of vitamin B12 is described.My thanks are due to Glaxo Laboratories Ltd.
Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog enhances cell invasion and migration through aKT/Sp-1 transcription factor/matrix metalloproteinase 2 activation in hepatocellular carcinoma and has clinicopathologic significance
Authors: Karen Man-Fong Sze, Kris Lai-Ting Wong, Glanice Kin-Yan Chu, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Tai-On Yau, Irene Oi-Lin Ng
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is frequently inactivated in cancers and is associated with advanced stages of cancers or metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism of PTEN in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis is unclear. In this study, we found frequent (47.5%, n = 40) protein underexpression of PTEN in human HCCs compared with their corresponding nontumorous livers. Significantly, PTEN underexpression was associated with larger tumor size (P = 0.021), tumor microsatellite formation (P = 0.027), and shorter overall survival of patients (P = 0.035). Using different cell models, we observed that PTEN-knockdown HCC cells and PTEN-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) had enhanced cell migratory and invasive abilities. In addition to activation of AKT, there was up-regulation of the Sp1 transcription factor (SP1) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), as well as MMP2 activation in PTEN-knockdown HCC cells and PTEN(-/-) MEFs. With dual luciferase reporter assay, exogenous expression of SP1 in HCC cells led to enhanced MMP2 promoter activity by up to 74%, whereas deletion of the putative SP1 binding site on the MMP2 promoter led to reduced promoter activity by up to 65%. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we documented increased binding of SP1 to the MMP2 promoter in PTEN-knockdown HCC cells. Overexpression of SP1 and MMP2 was significantly but negatively associated with PTEN underexpression in human HCCs. Our results show that PTEN was underexpressed in HCCs, and this underexpression was associated with more aggressive biological behavior and poorer patient survival. We have provided the first evidence that MMP2 up-regulation upon PTEN loss is SP1-dependent. Our findings indicate that PTEN plays a significant role in down-regulating HCC cell invasion via the AKT/SP1/MMP2 pathway.
Sensitization of Cancer Cells Treated With Cytotoxic Drugs to Fas-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Authors: Olivier Micheau, Eric Solary, Arlette Hammann, François Martin, Marie-Theérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

Background: The transmembrane receptor Fas, together with its protein-binding partner (Fas ligand), is a key regulator of programmed cell death (i.e., apoptosis). Fas and Fas ligand also influence the ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells to eliminate tumor cells. However, by inducing apoptosis in activated T cells, the Fas/Fas ligand system may protect some tumor cells from clearance by the immune system. Anticancer drugs enhance Fas ligand expression on the surface of Fas receptor-expressing leukemia cells, thus suggesting that apoptosis caused by these drugs may be mediated via the Fas/Fas ligand system. Purpose: This study was conducted to further investigate the relationship between the modulation of Fas receptor gene and protein expression by treatment of cells with cytotoxic drugs and the immune clearance of tumor cells. Methods: Fas expression on human HT29 colon carcinoma cells treated with a variety of anticancer drugs (cisplatin, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, fluorouracil, and camptothecin) was analyzed by use of quantitative flow cytometry. Human HCT8R and HCT116 colon carcinoma cells and human U937 leukemia cells were treated with cisplatin only and analyzed in the same way. Fas ligand messenger RNA and protein levels were studied by use of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay and by flow cytometry. Fas gene expression and messenger RNA levels in cisplatin-treated HT29 cells were characterized by use of in vitro nuclear run-on and northern blot hybridization assays. The cytotoxic activities of agonistic anti-Fas antibodies, Fas ligand, and allogeneic peripheral blood leukocytes, in the absence or presence of Fas-blocking monoclonal antibodies, against tumor cells were assessed by methylene blue staining and chromium- 51 release assays. Results: Clinically relevant concentrations of cisplatin, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, fluorouracil, or camptothecin enhanced Fas receptor expression on the plasma membrane of HT29 cells. Cisplatin-mediated increases in Fas expression were confirmed in HCT8R, HCT116, and U937 cells. The enhancement of Fas protein expression was associated with an increased sensitivity of cisplatin-treated tumor cells to agonistic anti-Fas antibodies, to soluble Fas ligand, and to allogeneic peripheral blood leukocyte- mediated cytotoxicity. Each of these effects was blocked by co-treatment of the cells with antagonistic anti- Fas antibody. Conclusion and Implications: In addition to their direct cytotoxic effects, chemotherapeutic drugs sensitize tumor cells to Fas-mediated cytotoxicity and Fasdependent immune clearance. On the basis of these findings, new strategies might be developed to improve the efficacy of these drugs.
The continuing tale of cytokeratins in Barrett's mucosa: As you like it
Authors: A LATCHFORD
Journal: Gut (2001)

See article on page 761 

Barrett's adenocarcinoma (BA) has seen a rapid increase in incidence throughout the Western world. The diagnosis of BA is often at an advanced stage and is generally associated with a poor prognosis and a mean survival of less than one year. Adenocarcinomas however do not arise de novo but follow an established sequence from Barrett's metaplasia (BM) through dysplasia to neoplasia.

Efforts to intervene in the pathogenesis of oesophageal adenocarcinomas have so far been disappointing. Reduction of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease has led to minimal regression of BM and has yet to be shown to have any impact on cancer prevention. Surveillance programmes for patients with BM have had variable results and have raised important questions about their cost effectiveness and of better risk stratification of patients with BM. The prevalence of BM in the general population is approximately 1–3%, with only 0.5–1% of patients with BM converting to neoplasia each year.1 2 The reliable diagnoses of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia have also been difficult to validate in each patient, mostly related to sampling errors due to the variable anatomy of the lower oesophagus and their patchy distribution within a segment of BM.

Our understanding of the molecular biology of BM has yielded many phenotypic and genetic changes within the …
Double Blind Trial of a Fermented Infantile Formula in Cow's Milk Allergy prevention
Authors: M MORISSET, P SOULAINES, C AUBERTJACQUIN, F CODREANU, N MAAMRI, R HATAHET, A KALINDJIAN, J CUNY, H BABCHIA, L GUENARD
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Association between the V109G Polymorphism of the<b><i>p27</i></b>Gene and the Risk and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Guojun Li, Erich M. Sturgis, Li-E. Wang, Robert M. Chamberlain, Margaret R. Spitz, Adel K. El-Naggar, Waun K. Hong, Qingyi Wei
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Abnormalities in p27 may alter cell cycle delay required for DNA repair after exposure to carcinogens. A coding exon 1 polymorphism at codon 109 (T→G) in p27 was identified and thought to have an effect on the functions of its protein. We hypothesized that this p27 T109G polymorphism is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) risk. Experimental Design: We tested this hypothesis in a hospital-based case-control study of 713 patients newly diagnosed with SCCHN and 1224 cancer-free controls frequency matched to the cases by age (±5 years), sex, and smoking status. All subjects were non-Hispanic whites. We genotyped for this p27 variant using genomic DNA from each subject. Results: Compared with the p27 109VV variant, the p27 109GG variant was associated with a nonsignificantly increased risk of SCCHN [crude odds ratio (OR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.88–1.90; adjusted OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.81–1.77], but the risk was statistically significant among men (adjusted OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.00–2.42), current alcohol users (adjusted OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.01–2.82), and patients with oral cavity cancer (adjusted OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.03–3.04). The p27 109GG variant was also associated with oral tumor overall stage, suggesting that it may play a role in tumor progression. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the p27 109GG variant genotype may not play a major role in the etiology of SCCHN but may be associated with an increased risk in at-risk subgroups or subsets of SCCHN, particularly oral cavity cancer and possibly tumor progression. Larger studies with oral squamous cell carcinoma are needed to verify these findings.
Enhancement by Pituitary Isografts of Mammary Hyperplastic Nodules in Adreno-Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: R Yanai, H Nagasawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The effect of pituitary isografts on the maintenance and growth of mammary hyperplastic nodules (HN) was studied in adreno-ovariectomized, multiparous, female C3H/He mice, 7–8 months old. Forty days after adreno-ovariectomy and simultaneous isografting of pituitaries under the right kidney capsule, HN averaged 20 and 33 per mouse in the groups receiving grafts of 1.5 and 3 pituitaries, respectively—not significantly different from those of controls (25/mouse). The number of HN in the adreno-ovariectomized controls was 7 per mouse. The average size of HN was larger in the mice with 3 pituitary grafts than in the intact controls. These results show that mammotropic hormones, secreted from the grafted pituitaries, promote the maintenance and growth of mammary HN in the apparent absence of steroid hormones, and thus indicate the primary importance of mammotropic hormones in this process.