tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PROPERTIES OF GUINEA PIG 7S ANTIBODIES
Authors: Zoltan Ovary, Baruj Benacerraf, Kurt J. Bloch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Guinea pig 7Sgamma(1) antibodies were demonstrated to mediate passive systemic or cutaneous anaphylaxis; guinea pig 7Sgamma(2) antibodies were unable to mediate these reactions. Gamma-2 antibodies specifically inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions provoked by gamma-1 antibodies by competing for antigen. However, gamma-2 antibodies were unable to inhibit passive cutaneous sensitization of guinea pigs by a heterologous antibody system. Guinea pig 7Sgamma(2) antibodies appear to lack receptors for fixation to guinea pig tissues and do not compete with sensitizing antibody for receptor sites.
The roles of sex steroid receptor coregulators in cancer.
Authors: Xiuhua Gao, Brian W Loggie, Zafar Nawaz
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2002)

Sex steroid hormones, estrogen, progesterone and androgen, play pivotal roles in sex differentiation and development, and in reproductive functions and sexual behavior. Studies have shown that sex steroid hormones are the key regulators in the development and progression of endocrine-related cancers, especially the cancers of the reproductive tissues. The actions of estrogen, progesterone and androgen are mediated through their cognate intracellular receptor proteins, the estrogen receptors (ER), the progesterone receptors (PR) and the androgen receptor (AR), respectively. These receptors are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, which function as transcription factors that regulate their target gene expression. Proper functioning of these steroid receptors maintains the normal responsiveness of the target tissues to the stimulations of the steroid hormones. This permits the normal development and function of reproductive tissues. It can be inferred that factors influencing the expression or function of steroid receptors will interfere with the normal development and function of the target tissues, and may induce pathological conditions, including cancers. In addition to the direct contact with the basal transcription machinery, nuclear receptors enhance or suppress transcription by recruiting an array of coactivators and corepressors, collectively named coregulators. Therefore, the mutation or aberrant expression of sex steroid receptor coregulators will affect the normal function of the sex steroid receptors and hence may participate in the development and progression of the cancers.
Differences in load dependence of relaxation between the left and right ventricular myocardium as a function of age in rats.
Authors: J M Capasso, E Puntillo, G Olivetti, P Anversa
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

To determine whether the variation in the magnitude of work load sustained by the left and right ventricles during adulthood and senescence affects the load-dependent aspect of relaxation, posterior papillary muscles from the left and right ventricles of rats at 4, 10, and 20 months of age were studied under variably loaded conditions in vitro. Because of differences between the life spans of Fischer and Sprague-Dawley rats, the functional characteristics of relaxation were investigated to evaluate the possibility of a differential age-associated response in these two strains of animals. The kinetic performance of the diastolic phase of myocardial contraction was measured by assessing the relative time during which load bearing occurred in a series of afterloaded isotonic twitches. This measurement was expressed as the ratio of the duration of afterloaded isotonic shortening and relengthening to the time required for isometric force to decline to the same level during isometric relaxation. A ratio of less than unity identified a load-dependent state whereas a value greater than one reflected a load-independent condition. Results showed that the right myocardium was completely load independent whereas the left myocardium was fully load dependent at all physiological afterloads. Aging reduced the load independence of the right ventricle and the load dependence of the left ventricle in Fischer rats. In contrast, no aging effect on the properties of afterloaded isotonic relaxation was seen in Sprague-Dawley rats. In conclusion, distinct differences exist in the mechanical dynamics of inactivation between the left and right ventricular myocardium. Aging reduced these variations in Fischer rats but had no apparent influence in Sprague-Dawley animals up to 20 months after birth.
Contribution of p53 to Metastasis
Authors: Emily Powell, David Piwnica-Worms, Helen Piwnica-Worms
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

The tumor suppressor p53 is lost or mutated in about half of all human cancers, and in those tumors in which it is wild-type, mechanisms exist to prevent its activation. p53 loss not only prevents incipient tumor cells from undergoing oncogene-induced senescence and apoptosis, but also perturbs cell-cycle checkpoints. This enables p53-deficient tumor cells with DNA damage to continue cycling, creating a permissive environment for the acquisition of additional mutations. Theoretically, this could contribute to the evolution of a cancer genome that is conducive to metastasis. Importantly, p53 loss also results in the disruption of pathways that inhibit metastasis, and transcriptionally defective TP53 mutants are known to gain additional functions that promote metastasis. Here, we review the evidence supporting a role for p53 loss or mutation in tumor metastasis, with an emphasis on breast cancer.The metastatic potential of tumor cells can be positively infl uenced by loss of p53 or expression of p53 gain-of-function mutants. Understanding the mechanisms by which p53 loss and mutation promote tumor metastasis is crucial to understanding the biology of tumor progression and how to appropriately apply targeted therapies.
Association Between Apple Consumption and Physician Visits
Authors: Matthew A. Davis, Julie P. W. Bynum, Brenda E. Sirovich
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Fruit consumption is believed to have beneficial health effects, and some claim, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away."To examine the relationship between eating an apple a day and keeping the doctor away.A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized US adult population. A total of 8728 adults 18 years and older from the 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey completed a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire and reported that the quantity of food they ate was reflective of their usual daily diet.Daily apple eaters (consuming the equivalent of at least 1 small apple daily, or 149 g of raw apple) vs non-apple eaters, based on the reported quantity of whole apple consumed during the 24-hour dietary recall period.The primary outcome measure was success at "keeping the doctor away," measured as no more than 1 visit (self-reported) to a physician during the past year; secondary outcomes included successful avoidance of other health care services (ie, no overnight hospital stays, visits to a mental health professional, or prescription medications).Of 8399 eligible study participants who completed the dietary recall questionnaire, we identified 753 adult apple eaters (9.0%)--those who typically consume at least 1 small apple per day. Compared with the 7646 non-apple eaters (91.0%), apple eaters had higher educational attainment, were more likely to be from a racial or ethnic minority, and were less likely to smoke (P<.001 for each comparison). Apple eaters were more likely, in the crude analysis, to keep the doctor (and prescription medications) away: 39.0% of apple eaters avoided physician visits vs 33.9% of non-apple eaters (P=.03). After adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, however, the association was no longer statistically significant (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.93-1.53; P=.15). In the adjusted analysis, apple eaters also remained marginally more successful at avoiding prescription medications (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.00-1.63). There were no differences seen in overnight hospital stay or mental health visits.Evidence does not support that an apple a day keeps the doctor away; however, the small fraction of US adults who eat an apple a day do appear to use fewer prescription medications.
Clinical Utility of the PCA3 Urine Assay in European Men Scheduled for Repeat Biopsy
Authors: Alexander Haese, Alexandre de la Taille, Hendrik van Poppel, Michael Marberger, Arnulf Stenzl, Peter F.A. Mulders, Hartwig Huland, Clément-Claude Abbou, Mesut Remzi, Martina Tinzl, Susan Feyerabend, Alexander B. Stillebroer, Martijn P.M.Q. van Gils, Jack A. Schalken
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Can a single question provide an accurate measure of physical activity?
Authors: Karen Milton, Stacy Clemes, Fiona Bull
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Objective The ‘single-item measure’ was developed as a short self-report tool for assessing physical activity. The aim of this study was to test the criterion validity of the single-item measure against accelerometry. Design Participants (n=66, 65% female, age: 39±11 years) wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X) over a 7-day period and on day 8, completed the single-item measure. The number of days of ≥30 min of accelerometer-determined moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) were calculated using two approaches; first by including all minutes of MVPA and second by including only MVPA accumulated in bouts of ≥10 min (counts/min ≥1952). Associations between the single-item measure and accelerometer were examined using Spearman correlations and 95% limits of agreement. Percent agreement and κ statistic were used to assess agreement between the tools in classifying participants as sufficiently/insufficiently active. Results Correlations between the number of days of ≥30 min MVPA recorded by the single-item and accelerometer ranged from 0.46 to 0.57. Participants underreported their activity on the single-item measure (−1.59 days) when compared with all objectively measured MVPA, but stronger congruence was observed when compared with MVPA accumulated in bouts of ≥10 min (0.38 days). Overall agreement between the single-item and accelerometry in classifying participants as sufficiently/insufficiently active was 58% (k=0.23, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.41) when including all MVPA and 76% (k=0.39, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.64) when including activity undertaken in bouts of ≥10 min. Conclusions The single-item measure is a valid screening tool to determine whether respondents are sufficiently active to benefit their health.
RUNX/AML and C/EBP factors regulate CD11a integrin expression in myeloid cells through overlapping regulatory elements
Authors: Amaya Puig-Kröger, Tilman Sánchez-Elsner, Natividad Ruiz, Enrique J. Andreu, Felipe Prosper, Uffe B. Jensen, Juana Gil, Paul Erickson, Harry Drabkin, Yoram Groner, Angel L. Corbí
Journal: Blood (2003)
Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Stephen D. Wiviott, Eugene Braunwald, Carolyn H. McCabe, Gilles Montalescot, Witold Ruzyllo, Shmuel Gottlieb, Franz-Joseph Neumann, Diego Ardissino, Stefano De Servi, Sabina A. Murphy, Jeffrey Riesmeyer, Govinda Weerakkody, C. Michael Gibson, Elliott M. Antman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Dual-antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine is a cornerstone of treatment to prevent thrombotic complications of acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention.To compare prasugrel, a new thienopyridine, with clopidogrel, we randomly assigned 13,608 patients with moderate-to-high-risk acute coronary syndromes with scheduled percutaneous coronary intervention to receive prasugrel (a 60-mg loading dose and a 10-mg daily maintenance dose) or clopidogrel (a 300-mg loading dose and a 75-mg daily maintenance dose), for 6 to 15 months. The primary efficacy end point was death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The key safety end point was major bleeding.The primary efficacy end point occurred in 12.1% of patients receiving clopidogrel and 9.9% of patients receiving prasugrel (hazard ratio for prasugrel vs. clopidogrel, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.90; P<0.001). We also found significant reductions in the prasugrel group in the rates of myocardial infarction (9.7% for clopidogrel vs. 7.4% for prasugrel; P<0.001), urgent target-vessel revascularization (3.7% vs. 2.5%; P<0.001), and stent thrombosis (2.4% vs. 1.1%; P<0.001). Major bleeding was observed in 2.4% of patients receiving prasugrel and in 1.8% of patients receiving clopidogrel (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.68; P=0.03). Also greater in the prasugrel group was the rate of life-threatening bleeding (1.4% vs. 0.9%; P=0.01), including nonfatal bleeding (1.1% vs. 0.9%; hazard ratio, 1.25; P=0.23) and fatal bleeding (0.4% vs. 0.1%; P=0.002).In patients with acute coronary syndromes with scheduled percutaneous coronary intervention, prasugrel therapy was associated with significantly reduced rates of ischemic events, including stent thrombosis, but with an increased risk of major bleeding, including fatal bleeding. Overall mortality did not differ significantly between treatment groups. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00097591 [ClinicalTrials.gov].)
Skeletal muscle magnesium and potassium in asthmatics treated with oral beta 2-agonists
Authors: T Gustafson, K Boman, L Rosenhall, T Sandstrom, PO Wester
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Dietary magnesium has been shown to be important for lung function and bronchial reactivity. Interest in electrolytes in asthma has so far mainly been focused upon serum potassium, especially linked to beta 2-agonist treatment. It is known that serum levels of magnesium and potassium may not correctly reflect the intracellular status. We therefore investigated whether asthmatics treated with oral beta 2-agonists had low magnesium or potassium in skeletal muscle and serum, and whether withdrawal of the oral beta 2-agonists would improve the electrolyte levels. Magnesium and potassium levels in skeletal muscle biopsies, serum and urine were analysed in 20 asthmatics before and 2 months after withdrawal of long-term oral beta 2-agonists, and for comparison in 10 healthy subjects. Skeletal muscle magnesium in the asthmatics was lower both before (3.62 +/- 0.69 mmol.100 g-1 (mean +/- SD)) and after (3.43 +/- 0.60 mmol.100 g-1) withdrawal of oral beta 2-agonists compared with the controls (4.43 +/- 0.74 mmol.100 g-1). Skeletal muscle potassium and serum magnesium did not differ between the groups. Serum potassium was significantly lower both before (4.0 +/- 0.2 mmol.L-1) and after (3.9 +/- 0.2 mmol.L-1) the withdrawal of oral beta 2-agonists compared with the control group (4.2 +/- 0.2 mmol.L-1). The asthmatics had lower skeletal muscle magnesium and lower serum potassium than the healthy controls, both with and without oral beta 2-agonists. Whether the findings are related to asthma pathophysiology or treatment is currently being investigated.
Research Alliance vs. Therapeutic Alliance: A Comparison
Authors: DANIEL OFFER, MELVIN SABSHIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The concept of "research alliance" is introduced to describe the relationship between a psychiatric researcher and his subject in which the aim is to obtain valid data in a limited number of interviews. The authors describe three possible difficulties in establishing such an alliance: detachment, seduction, and resistance, but conclude on the basis of their experience in a longitudinal research project with teenagers that through careful structuring of interviews a meaningful relationship can be established that will help realize research goals.
A consecutive case series experience with [18 F] florbetapir PET imaging in an urban dementia center: impact on quality of life, decision making, and disposition
Authors: Effie M Mitsis, Heidi A Bender, Lale Kostakoglu, Josef Machac, Jane Martin, Jennifer L Woehr, Margaret C Sewell, Amy Aloysi, Martin A Goldstein, Clara Li, Mary Sano, Sam Gandy
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2014)

Identification and quantification of fibrillar amyloid in brain using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and Amyvid™ ([18 F] Amyvid, [18 F] florbetapir, 18 F-AV-45) was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a clinical tool to estimate brain amyloid burden in patients being evaluated for cognitive impairment or dementia. Imaging with [18 F] florbetapir offers in vivo confirmation of the presence of cerebral amyloidosis and may increase the accuracy of the diagnosis and likely cause of cognitive impairment (CI) or dementia. Most importantly, amyloid imaging may improve certainty of etiology in situations where the differential diagnosis cannot be resolved on the basis of standard clinical and laboratory criteria. A consecutive case series of 30 patients (age 50-89; 16 M/14 F) were clinically evaluated at a cognitive evaluation center of urban dementia center and referred for [18 F] florbetapir PET imaging as part of a comprehensive dementia workup. Evaluation included neurological examination and neuropsychological assessment by dementia experts. [18 F] florbetapir PET scans were read by trained nuclear medicine physicians using the qualitative binary approach. Scans were rated as either positive or negative for the presence of cerebral amyloidosis. In addition to a comprehensive dementia evaluation, post [18 F] florbetapir PET imaging results caused diagnoses to be changed in 10 patients and clarified in 9 patients. Four patients presenting with SCI were negative for amyloidosis. These results show that [18 F] florbetapir PET imaging added diagnostic clarification and discrimination in over half of the patients evaluated. Amyloid imaging provided novel and essential data that: (1) caused diagnosis to be revised; and/or (2) prevented the initiation of incorrect or suboptimal treatment; and/or (3) avoided inappropriate referral to an anti-amyloid clinical trial.
Cardiovascular morbidity in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: D D Gladman, M Ang, L Su, B D M Tom, C T Schentag, V T Farewell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> Increasing evidence for cardiovascular mortality among patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has accumulated, together with evidence for increased prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). <h3>Objectives:</h3> To describe cardiovascular morbidity in PsA, determine its prevalence and identify risk factors for its development. <h3>Methods:</h3> At the University of Toronto, patients were followed up prospectively according to a standard protocol, including disease-related features and comorbidities. Patients with CVD, including myocardial infarction (MI), angina, hypertension and cerebrovascular accident (CVA), were identified. The prevalence of CVD morbidities in these patients was compared with data from the Canadian Community Health Survey through standardised prevalence ratios (SPRs). Cox relative risk regression analysis was used to analyse risk factors. <h3>Results:</h3> At the time of analysis, 648 patients were registered in the database. After clinic entry, 122 developed hypertension, 38 had an MI and 5, 21 and 11 had CVA, angina and congestive heart failure (CHF), respectively. 155 patients had at least one of these conditions. The SPRs for MI (2.57; 95% CI 1.73 to 3.80), angina (1.97; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.12) and hypertension (1.90; 95% CI 1.59 to 2.27) were statistically significant, whereas the SPRs for CHF (1.19; 95% CI 0.50 to 2.86) and CVA (0.91; 95% CI 0.34 to 2.43) were not. Factors associated with CVD included diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and high Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Patients with PsA are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidities compared with the general population. In addition to known risk factors for CVD, severe psoriasis is an important predictor in patients with PsA.
CCR7 Governs Skin Dendritic Cell Migration under Inflammatory and Steady-State Conditions
Authors: Lars Ohl, Mariette Mohaupt, Niklas Czeloth, Gabriele Hintzen, Ziba Kiafard, Jörg Zwirner, Thomas Blankenstein, Golo Henning, Reinhold Förster
Journal: Immunity (2004)
BRAF in Melanoma: Current Strategies and Future Directions
Authors: April K.S. Salama, Keith T. Flaherty
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Selective BRAF inhibitors have now been established as a standard of care option for patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma whose tumors carry a BRAF mutation. Their successful development represents a milestone in the treatment of this disease, and has the potential to impact therapy for other malignancies as well. The use of these agents, however, has introduced a number of critical questions about the optimal use and selection of patients for BRAF inhibitor therapy. This review discusses the current status of BRAF inhibitor clinical development, the clinicopathologic features of BRAF-mutated melanoma, as well as strategies for overcoming resistance.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Proposed Infant Feeding Intervention Trial for the Prevention of Type I Diabetes
Authors: Hertzel C Gerstein, Janis Randall Simpson, Stephanie Atkinson, D Wayne Taylor, John VanderMeulen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of a randomized double-blind controlled trial of an infant formula without intact cow's-milk protein for preventing type I diabetes in high-risk children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We surveyed 83 people who either were parents of a child with type I diabetes or were pregnant women with type I diabetes in the ambulatory diabetes and obstetrics clinics in a university hospital. After a written and verbal description of the cow's milk-diabetes hypothesis, participants were asked to sign a sham consent form. A questionnaire designed to explore factors affecting their decision to either sign or not sign the consent form, as well as infant-feeding patterns, was subsequently administered. RESULTS Overall, 69.9% (95% confidence interval, 60.0–79.8%) consented to participation in the proposed randomized trial. The decision to consent was not affected by the degree of belief in the cow's milk-diabetes hypothesis, the child's risk of diabetes, the respondent's demographic data, or infant feeding habits. CONCLUSIONS A randomized feeding intervention study is an acceptable and feasible way to determine whether avoidance of cow's-milk protein during the first 6 months of life prevents type I diabetes in North American children.