tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implementation of AHRQ smoking-cessation guidelines in a thoracic surgical clinic: A pilot study
Authors: H. Keup, A. Tagayun, K. Nevarez, F. W. Grannis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1026 Background: AHRQ (formerly AHCPR) guidelines suggest that medical clinics adopt a policy to ask all patients about smoking status, advise smoking cessation, assess willingness to quit, assist efforts, and arrange follow-up. In 2000, AHRQ guidelines were implemented in the thoracic surgical clinic at City of Hope National Medical Center, an NCI comprehensive cancer center in Duarte, California. We performed a quality-assurance audit to determine the level of success in guideline implementation. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all patients attending the thoracic surgical clinic over a two-year period. Data collected included age, gender, smoking status, pack-year consumption, and diagnosis. Chart review determined compliance of clinic personnel in placement of color-coded stickers identifying smoking status and inclusion of smoking status and cessation advice in medical records. Results: Results: 76 individuals were current smokers at the time of the first clinic visit, 58 with subsequent visits during the period studied. Table 1. While 95 % of charts contained information identifying smoking status, few documented advice or assistance given on every visit. Only 48 (67%) charts carried an identifying sticker, although an additional nine charts (11.8 %) may have carried stickers before pages were removed to comply with HIPPA regulations. Conclusions: This retrospective review shows limited success in fostering smoking cessation in individuals with diseases caused by tobacco products – including lung cancer – despite implementation of AHRQ guidelines. Close monitoring of compliance with guidelines is required to achieve a high percentage of identification of smoking status using chart stickers and clinic notes. A higher rate of success in smoking cessation might be achieved in conjunction with a dedicated smoking cessation counseling program. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
What’s new in sepsis recognition in resource-limited settings?
Authors: Arthur Kwizera, Emir Festic, Martin W. Dünser
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2016)

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by one or more organ dysfunctions due to a dysregulated host response to infection [1] or, in certain cases, due to direct pathogen effects. Sepsis is not only associated with bacterial or fungal infections but also with any other infection such as viral disease, protozoal (e.g., malaria), or tropical infections. Although the literature suggests that sepsis is predominantly a healthcare issue in resource-rich countries, the global burden of acute infections is highest in resource-limited areas [2]. Successful sepsis management relies on various components of which early recognition is essential. Evidence and recommendations for sepsis recognition are mainly based on research performed in resource-rich settings [3]. However, resource-rich and -limited countries differ in healthcare accessibility [4] and infectious disease epidemiology [5–7]. It is therefore unreasonable to directly translate evidence between these settings.

The Global Intensive Care working group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine together with the Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit formed an international team of physicians to revise existent recommendations for sepsis management in resource-limited settings [8]. In this manuscript, we summarize recommendations on sepsis recognition. A detailed description of the guideline team, conflicts of interest, methods, rationales, and references is given in the Online supplement.
The need for continuous use of antiparkinsonian medication with chronic schizophrenic patients receiving long-term neuroleptic therapy
Authors: N Manos, J Gkiouzepas, J Logothetis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

In this double-blind six-week study, 98 chronic schizophrenic patients receiving long-term neuroleptic treatment and trihexyphenidyl were switched to either placebo or study trihexyphenidyl. Fifty-one (68%) of the 75 patients given placebo versus 1 of the 23 patients who continued on active trihexyphenidyl developed severe worsening of extrapyramidal signs, necessitating early termination from the study. Twenty-one (28%) of the placebo patients versus 2 (8.7%) of the trihexyphenidyl patients developed less severe worsening. Furthermore, 50 (66.6%) of the placebo patients but only 2 (8.7%) of the trihexyphenidyl patients had psychotic or other severe physical symptoms related to withdrawal of prestudy antiparkinsonian medication. The authors conclude that these data support the need for continuous use of antiparkinsonian medication in the long-term neuroleptic therapy of chronic schizophrenic patients.
B7-H4(B7x)–Mediated Cross-talk between Glioma-Initiating Cells and Macrophages via the IL6/JAK/STAT3 Pathway Lead to Poor Prognosis in Glioma Patients
Authors: Yu Yao, Hongxing Ye, Zengxin Qi, Lianjie Mo, Qi Yue, Aparajita Baral, Dave S.B. Hoon, Juan Carlos Vera, John D. Heiss, Clark C. Chen, Wei Hua, Jianmin Zhang, Kunlin Jin, Yin Wang, Xingxing Zang, Ying Mao, Liangfu Zhou
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical significance and immunosuppressive mechanisms of B7-H4 (B7x/B7S1), a B7 family member, in glioma. Experimental Design: B7-H4 levels in glioma tissue/cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) were compared between different grades of glioma patients. Survival data were analyzed with Kaplan–Meier to determine the prognostic value of B7-H4. Cytokines from CD133+ cells to stimulate the expression of B7-H4 on human macrophages (Mϕs) were investigated by FACS, neutralizing antibodies, and Transwell chemotaxis assay. shRNA, reporter vector, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to determine the binding of STAT3 to the B7-H4 promoter. The function of B7-H4+ Mϕs in vitro was evaluated through phagocytosis, T-cell proliferation/apoptosis, and cytokine production as well as in the xenografted model for in vivo analysis. Results: We found that B7-H4 expression in tumors was associated with prognosis of human glioblastoma and correlated directly with malignant grades. Mechanistically, glioma initiating CD133+ cells and Mϕs/microglia cointeraction activated expression of B7-H4 via IL6 and IL10 in both tumor cells and microenvironment supporting cells. IL6-activated STAT3 bound to the promoter of B7-H4 gene and enhanced B7-H4 expression. Furthermore, CD133+ cells mediated immunosuppression through B7-H4 expression on Mϕs/microglia by silencing of B7-H4 expression on these cells, which led to increased microenvironment T-cell function and tumor regression in the xenograft glioma mouse model. Conclusions: We have identified B7-H4 activation on Mϕs/microglia in the microenvironment of gliomas as an important immunosuppressive event blocking effective T-cell immune responses. Clin Cancer Res; 22(11); 2778–90. ©2016 AACR.
Impact of lymph node evaluation on survival for small bowel adenocaricnoma: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database
Authors: M. J. Overman, C. Hu, R. A. Wolff, G. J. Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

4596 Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy and is often associated with poor outcome. The impact that the number of positive and negative lymph nodes (LN) have upon survival following curative resection has not been studied. Methods: Patients aged 18–90 with adenocarcinoma of the small intestine diagnosed between 1988 and 2005 were identified from SEER data (ver. 2008). Disease-specific survival (DSS) outcomes were determined through 12/2005. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed after adjusting for age, sex, race, T stage, grade, and primary site. Stage I-II cases were categorized by total LN examined (1–8, 9–12, and &gt;12). Stage III cases were evaluated using cut-point analysis to determine the number of positive LN that predicted outcomes. This result was then compared to the predictive value of the ratio of positive to total LN (LNR) using the chi-square statistic. Results: 1,991 patients were identified in the SEER database. Survival among stage I/II patients (n=1,216) was dependent upon the total number of LN assessed. 5-year DSS for stage II patients was 66%, 82% (HR 0.52 95% CI .33-.84), and 88% (HR 0.38, 95% CI .23-.61) for 1–8, 9–12, &gt;12 LN, respectively. The optimal cutpoint of positive LN for stage III disease (n=775) was &lt;3 compard to ≥3 with 5 year DSS of 58% vs. 37% (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.15–1.92, P=0.002), respectively. Among stage III patients, the LNR was even more predictive of survival than stratification by the number of positive lymph nodes as demonstrated by an improved chi-square statistic for the multivariate model (78.8 vs 63.1, P=0.0005). Conclusions: As noted in colon cancer, the total number of LN assessed has considerable influence upon survival in stage I, II and III small bowel adenocarcinoma. Stratifying stage III small bowel adenocarcinoma into those with &lt;3 and ≥3 positive lymph nodes significantly improves prognostication for these patients and future staging systems should incorporate the number of positive nodes into nodal staging. The use of LNR may provide additional prognostic information. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Differences in Diagnostic Accuracy According to A-Priori Risk: A Biopsy-Controlled Study of Transient Elastography and 2D Shear Wave Elastography for Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Authors: M. Thiele, Bjørn Stæhr Madsen, Janne Fuglsang Hansen, S. Detlefsen, Linda Maria Sevelsted Møller, Annette Dam Fialla, A. Krag
Journal: Hepatology (2015)
On the deep structure of social affect: Attitudes, emotions, sentiments, and the case of “contempt”
Authors: Matthew M. Gervais, Daniel M. T. Fessler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Contempt is typically studied as a uniquely human moral emotion. However, this approach has yielded inconclusive results. We argue this is because the folk affect concept "contempt" has been inaccurately mapped onto basic affect systems. "Contempt" has features that are inconsistent with a basic emotion, especially its protracted duration and frequently cold phenomenology. Yet other features are inconsistent with a basic attitude. Nonetheless, the features of "contempt" functionally cohere. To account for this, we revive and reconfigure the sentiment construct using the notion of evolved functional specialization. We develop the Attitude-Scenario-Emotion (ASE) model of sentiments, in which enduring attitudes represent others' social-relational value and moderate discrete emotions across scenarios. Sentiments are functional networks of attitudes and emotions. Distinct sentiments, including love, respect, like, hate, and fear, track distinct relational affordances, and each is emotionally pluripotent, thereby serving both bookkeeping and commitment functions within relationships. The sentiment contempt is an absence of respect; from cues to others' low efficacy, it represents them as worthless and small, muting compassion, guilt, and shame and potentiating anger, disgust, and mirth. This sentiment is ancient yet implicated in the ratcheting evolution of human ultrasocialty. The manifolds of the contempt network, differentially engaged across individuals and populations, explain the features of "contempt," its translatability, and its variable experience as "hot" or "cold," occurrent or enduring, and anger-like or disgust-like. This rapprochement between psychological anthropology and evolutionary psychology contributes both methodological and empirical insights, with broad implications for understanding the functional and cultural organization of social affect.
Chemosensitivity to triazene compounds and O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase levels: Studies with blasts of leukaemic patients
Authors: S D'Atri, D Piccioni, A Castellano, V Tuorto, A Franchi, K Lu, N Christiansen, S Frankel, Y M Rustum, G Papa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1995)
Transgene sequences free of CG dinucleotides lead to high level, long-term expression in the lung independent of plasmid backbone design
Authors: Reto P. Bazzani, Ian A. Pringle, Mary M. Connolly, Lee A. Davies, Stephanie G. Sumner-Jones, Martin Schleef, Stephen C. Hyde, Deborah R. Gill
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
The Ethical Dilemma of Compensating Living Kidney Donors
Authors: Marco Del Chiaro, Elena Rangelova, Markus Maeurer
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

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Expression and Functional Characterization of an Abnormal Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Ibα (Met239 → Val) Reported in Patients With Platelet-Type von Willebrand Disease
Authors: Takanori Moriki, Mitsuru Murata, Tetsuya Kitaguchi, Hironobu Anbo, Makoto Handa, Kiyoaki Watanabe, Hoyu Takahashi, Yasuo Ikeda
Journal: Blood (1997)
Drug-related admissions to an inpatient psychiatric unit
Authors: R B Stewart, P K Springer, J E Adams
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors prospectively monitored 60 consecutive admissions to an inpatient psychiatry service to determine the role of drugs in psychiatric hospitalization. They categorized drug-related problems as 1) drug intoxication, 2) drug abuse, 3) side effects of therapeutic drugs, and 4) noncompliance with prescribed medications. During the 6-month study 25 (41.7%) of the admissions were related to drug use; in 16 (26.7%) admissions a drug-related problem was identified as the primary cause of hospitalization. Alcohol was involved in 8 admissions, and Fiorinal, cocaine, and flurazepam were each related to 2 admissions.
Validation of Adjuvant!Online on Slovenian collective of early breast cancer patients
Authors: M. Ravnik, A. Sadikov, N. Snoj, P. Nussdorfer, T. Cufer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e11532 Background: Adjuvant!Online is a very useful tool for prognosis assessment of early breast cancer (EBC) patients. In the validation study, made on mostly untreated (45%) Canadian EBC patients, Adjuvant!Online proved to be a very reliable prognostic tool. The aim of our study was to validate Adjuvant!Online on EBC patients mainly treated with some kind of adjuvant systemic therapy. Methods: 753 EBC patients diagnosed and treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Slovenia, with at least 10-year follow-up were included into the study. All patients received radical local therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy (ChT) was either CMF or anthracycline-based schema and hormonal therapy (HT) was mainly tamoxifen. Adjuvant!Online 8.0 individual prediction of OS was calculated (with default value of “minor problems” as comorbidity for all patients). The average prediction over all patients was compared to the observed 10-year OS. Results: The predicted and observed 10-year OS of the whole group were 65.5% and 61.5%, respectively. The differences between predicted and observed OS did not differ substantially in the subgroups of patients stratified according to the classical prognostic factors, however, a large difference was found when stratifying by adjuvant systemic therapy. The puzzling difference in patients without systemic therapy (ST) can be both due to small group size and due to special selection of these patients (comorbidity). Conclusions: According to our observation, Adjuvant!Online is a reliable tool for prognosis assessment in EBC patients treated with HT, but it seems to overestimate prognosis in patients treated with ChT, alone or in combination with HT. This is evident even for our collective of EBC patients mainly treated with the first generation ChT - CMF or anthracyclines. Apparently, both Adjuvant!Online and Overview overestimate the positive effect of ChT, disregarding the biologic characteristics of the tumors and inherent effect of HT in HR+ patients. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Estrogens and endometrial carcinoma. (Letter to the editor)
Authors: Ziel Hk, Finkle Wd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Dr. Shanklin and others suggest that many of the patients classified as having endometrial carcinoma in our study actually might have had atypical endometrial hyperplasia;  therefore there may be no association between use of conjugated estrogens and overt endometrial carcinoma.  To examine this possibility we have subsequently restricted the analysis to patients with deep myometrial invasion defined as tumor penetration of 1/3 or more of the myometrium.  For the 15 patients whose pathologists report indicated deep myometrial invasion and the corresponding 30 references (controls) the rate ratio point estimate was 71.6 with a 1-sided 95% lower confidence limit of 2.9;  the chi-square test statistic (with 1 degree of freedom) was 8.9 (p less than .005).  Thus the association persists in patients with deep invasion.  It may be noted in addition that the pathologists from all 7 Kaiser Foundation Hospitals in Southern California meet weekly to review every questionable gynecologic cancer.  Nachtigall et al. suggest that our results may not apply to cyclic progestational therapy.  Only 3 of the 94 patients in our study took medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) during 1 or more courses of conjugated estrogens to induce withdrawal bleeding;  this group in much too small to explore the safety of this therapy.  However Silverberg and Makowski have presented eviden ce implicating an oral contraceptive (Oracon) as a cause of endometrial cancer.(FULL TEXT)
Global Role and Burden of Influenza in Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations, 1982–2012: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Kathryn E. Lafond, Harish Nair, Mohammad Hafiz Rasooly, Fátima Valente, Robert Booy, Mahmudur Rahman, Paul Kitsutani, Hongjie Yu, Guiselle Guzman, Daouda Coulibaly, Julio Armero, Daddi Jima, Stephen R. C. Howie, William Ampofo, Ricardo Mena, Mandeep Chadha, Ondri Dwi Sampurno, Gideon O. Emukule, Zuridin Nurmatov, Andrew Corwin, Jean Michel Heraud, Daniel E. Noyola, Radu Cojocaru, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Amal Barakat, Adebayo Adedeji, Marta von Horoch, Remigio Olveda, Thierry Nyatanyi, Marietjie Venter, Vida Mmbaga, Malinee Chittaganpitch, Tran Hien Nguyen, Andros Theo, Melissa Whaley, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Joseph Bresee, Harry Campbell, Marc-Alain Widdowson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Background The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has been used to estimate influenza burden. In this analysis, we use surveillance data to provide an estimate of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children worldwide. Methods and Findings We aggregated data from a systematic review (n = 108) and surveillance platforms (n = 37) to calculate a pooled estimate of the proportion of samples collected from children hospitalized with respiratory illnesses and positive for influenza by age group (<6 mo, <1 y, <2 y, <5 y, 5–17 y, and <18 y). We applied this proportion to global estimates of acute lower respiratory infection hospitalizations among children aged <1 y and <5 y, to obtain the number and per capita rate of influenza-associated hospitalizations by geographic region and socio-economic status. Influenza was associated with 10% (95% CI 8%–11%) of respiratory hospitalizations in children <18 y worldwide, ranging from 5% (95% CI 3%–7%) among children <6 mo to 16% (95% CI 14%–20%) among children 5–17 y. On average, we estimated that influenza results in approximately 374,000 (95% CI 264,000 to 539,000) hospitalizations in children <1 y—of which 228,000 (95% CI 150,000 to 344,000) occur in children <6 mo—and 870,000 (95% CI 610,000 to 1,237,000) hospitalizations in children <5 y annually. Influenza-associated hospitalization rates were more than three times higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries (150/100,000 children/year versus 48/100,000). However, differences in hospitalization practices between settings are an important limitation in interpreting these findings. Conclusions Influenza is an important contributor to respiratory hospitalizations among young children worldwide. Increasing influenza vaccination coverage among young children and pregnant women could reduce this burden and protect infants <6 mo.
Hyperbaric medicine in the US Air Force
Authors: J. C. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The US Air Force hyperbaric chambers are used for treatment of the four disorders generally accepted as amenable to recompression or hyperbaric oxygenation. Ninety-four patients suffering from decompression sickness, air embolism, carbon monoxide intoxication, or gas gangrene have been treated. Forty-seven were military patients or their dependents, and 47 were civilians. The USAF series of 23 patients with surgically, bacteriologically proved spreading, diffuse clostridial myonecrosis brings the literature total of proved cases in patients treated with hyperbaric oxygenation during the past 11 years to 267. Recognized and treated early with a combined hyperbaric oxygen-débridement-antibiotic and supportive program, survival rates of those with gas gangrene should improve significantly.