tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic marrow transplantation during untreated first relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.
Authors: R A Clift, C D Buckner, F R Appelbaum, G Schoch, F B Petersen, W I Bensinger, J Sanders, K M Sullivan, R Storb, J Singer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE The purpose of this report was to review the Seattle experience in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during untreated first relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS Through 1990, 126 patients were transplanted during untreated first relapse of AML. Several preparative regimens were used, two of which involved more than 20 patients. Regimen 1 (29 patients) consisted of cyclophosphamide (CY) 120 mg/kg and 15.75 Gy of fractionated total-body irradiation (TBI) with methotrexate (MTX) given intermittently during a 102-day period to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Regimen 2 (22 patients) consisted of the same CY and TBI treatment and a combination of MTX and cyclosporine (CSP) for GVHD prophylaxis. The remaining 75 patients were treated with 17 other transplant regimens. Outcome was compared for patients who were treated with regimen 1, regimen 2, and any other regimen. RESULTS The 5-year probabilities of relapse-free survival (RFS), relapse, and nonrelapse mortality for 126 patients were .23, .57, and .44, respectively. With regimen 1, relapse (.26) was significantly less than for regimen 2 (.70; P = .004) or any other regimen (.76; P = .004). Regimen 1 patients developed more acute GVHD (.67) than regimen 2 patients (.26; P = .02) or patients on other regimens (.41; P = .02), and had increased nonrelapse mortality. Nevertheless, regimen 1 patients had a significantly higher 3-year RFS (.38) than those treated with regimen 2 (.18; P = .04) or any other regimen (.20; P = .05). CONCLUSIONS For patients who received 120 mg/kg CY and 15.75 Gy TBI, relapse incidence was less and survival was better after GVHD prophylaxis with MTX alone than after a combination of MTX and CSP, despite a significantly higher incidence of acute GVHD. The results of treatment with regimen 1 justify future studies of the optimal timing of allogeneic BMT in the treatment of patients with AML.
Effect of pre-exercise stretching on repeat sprint performance
Authors: C Musham, P R Hayes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-exercise stretching on repeated sprint performance over 20 m. Eight participants completed three conditions, active static stretching (AS), dynamic stretching (DS) and control (CON), in a counterbalanced order. Each pre-exercise condition was preceded by a 3-min walk. After stretching, participants completed the first 15 min of the Loughborough intermittent shuttle test (LIST). All statistical comparisons are made using qualitative magnitude based inferences comparing the stretching condition with CON. The results show that AS has probably had no beneficial or disadvantageous effect on performance on the first 20-m sprint (positive 57%, trivial 27%, negative 16%). There appear to be no beneficial or negative effects with the use of AS on 20-m sprint performance halfway through the LIST (positive 31%, trivial 32%, negative 37%). After 15 min of the LIST, AS appeared to exert a negative effect on sprint performance with 20-m sprint slowing (positive 35%, trivial 0%, negative 65%). DS improved performance on the first sprint (positive 89%, trivial 9%, negative 16%). By the midpoint, the beneficial effects of DS on sprint performance appear equivocal (positive 53%, trivial 28%, negative 18%). In the last sprint DS appeared to have a positive effect on performance (positive 80%, trivial 0%, negative 20%). Sprint performance during a 15-min segment of the LIST appears to be enhanced with DS. By contrast, 20-m sprint performance declined over the 15 min after AS.
Peanut Induced Dendritic Cell (DC) Maturation and Cytokine Production Is Modulated by the Microbial Components of EMP-123, Leading to Changes in Adaptive Immunity In Vitro
Authors: B.P. Vickery, P. Pochard, M.J. Caplan, H.A. Sampson, M.C. Berin, K. Bottomly
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Diabetes and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Emanuele Cereda, Michela Barichella, Carlo Pedrolli, Catherine Klersy, Erica Cassani, Riccardo Caccialanza, Gianni Pezzoli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Diabetes has been associated with chronic neurodegeneration. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between pre-existing diabetes and Parkinson’s disease (PD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Original articles in English published up to 10 May 2011 were searched for in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) and by reviewing references of eligible articles. Prospective cohort and case-control studies providing risk and precision estimates relating to pre-existing diabetes and PD were considered eligible. RESULTS Nine studies/1,947 citations (cohort, N = 4; case-control, N = 5) fulfilled inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. In prospective studies, the onset of diabetes before onset of PD was found to be a risk factor for future PD (relative risk [RR] = 1.37 [95%CI 1.21–1.55]; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). This association was confirmed by secondary analyses based on estimates derived after the exclusion of participants who had vascular disease at baseline and/or who developed vascular disease during follow-up (RR = 1.34 [1.14–1.58]; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and by sensitivity analyses addressing the association with diabetes at baseline or during follow-up. However, the association found for case-control studies was not significant (odds ratio [OR] 0.75 [95%CI 0.50–1.11]; P = 0.835). Sensitivity analysis based on estimates adjusted for BMI confirmed the lack of a relationship between PD and diabetes (OR 0.56 [0.28–1.15]; P = 0.089). CONCLUSIONS Although data from cohort studies suggest that diabetes is a risk factor for PD, there is no conclusive evidence on this association. Further prospective studies focused on putative pathogenic pathways and taking a broad range of confounders into account is required to clarify this relationship.
Postliver biopsy hepatic hematomas: Are routine ultrasonograms needed?
Authors: Glancarlo Spinzi, Vittorio Terruzzi, Giogio Minoli
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Percutaneous liver biopsies were performed in 40 adult patients with acute or chronic liver disease. Real-time sector scan ultrasound of the right upper quadrant was obtained just before biopsy, 1 day after biopsy, and in 10 randomly selected cases 7 days after biopsy. Twenty patients were randomized, by sealed envelope, to 6-h and 20 patients to 24-h postbiopsy bed rest. Nine patients (23%) had ultrasound-detected hematomas 1 day after liver biopsy (7 intrahepatic, 2 subcapsular). Five of these patients had been randomized to 6-h and 4 to 24-h bed rest. Follow-up ultrasound at 7 days in the 10 randomly selected patients failed to reveal any hematomas not seen on day 1 (n = 6) and showed complete or partial resolution of those that had been detected previously (n = 4). Significant drops in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and increases in pulse rate were common postbiopsy findings, and were unrelated to hematoma formation. The results of this study indicate that intrahepatic and subcapsular hematomas are common after percutaneous liver biopsy. The length of postbiopsy bed rest (6 vs. 24 h) does not appear to influence the frequency of this complication.
Modeling a paranoid mind
Authors: Kenneth Mark Colby
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1981)

Abstract Algorithmic model building in artificial intelligence provides a contemporary method for explaining certain kinds of human behavior. The paranoid mode of thought and action represents a kind of pathological behavior that has been well recognized for over twenty centuries. This article describes a computer simulation model embodying a theory that attempts to explain the paranoid mode of behavior in terms of strategies for minimizing and forestalling shame-induced distress. The model consists of two parts, a parsing module and an interpretation-action module. To bring the model into contact with the conditions of a psychiatric diagnostic interview, the parsing module attempts to understand the interview input of clinicians communicating in unrestricted natural language. The meaning of the input is passed to an interpretation-action module made up of data structures and production rules that size up the current state of the interview and decide which (linguistic) actions to perform in order to fulfill the model's intentions. This module consists of an object system which deals with interview situations and a metasystem which evaluates how well the object system is performing to attain its ends. The fidelity of the simulation has been tested using Turing-like indistinguishability tests in which clinical judges attempt to distinguish the paranoid model-patient from an actual paranoid patient. Since clinicians are unable to make the relevant distinctions, the simulation is considered successful at the input-output level of functional equivalence. Issues of underlying structural equivalence and the nature of generative pattern explanations are discussed in the light of the model's potential value in guiding clinicial decisions and intervention strategies in paranoid disorders.
The Changing Landscape of Noninvasive Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bhakti K. Patel, John P. Kress
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Virginie Lemiale, MD; Djamel Mokart, MD; Matthieu Resche-Rigon, MD, PhD; Frédéric Pène, MD, PhD; Julien Mayaux, MD; Etienne Faucher, MD; Martine Nyunga, MD; Christophe Girault, MD, PhD; Pierre Perez, MD; Christophe Guitton, MD, PhD; Kenneth Ekpe, MD; Achille Kouatchet, MD; Igor Théodose, MS; Dominique Benoit, MD, PhD; Emmanuel Canet, MD; François Barbier, MD, PhD; Antoine Rabbat, MD; Fabrice Bruneel, MD; Francois Vincent, MD; Kada Klouche, MD, PhD; Kontar Loay, MD; Eric Mariotte, MD; Lila Bouadma, MD, PhD; Anne-Sophie Moreau, MD; Amélie Seguin, MD; Anne-Pascale Meert, MD, PhD; Jean Reignier, MD, PhD; Laurent Papazian, MD, PhD; Ilham Mehzari, MD; Yves Cohen, MD, PhD; Maleka Schenck, MD; Rebecca Hamidfar, MD; Michael Darmon, MD, PhD; Alexandre Demoule, MD, PhD; Sylvie Chevret, MD, PhD; Elie Azoulay, MD, PhD; for the Groupe de Recherche en Réanimation Respiratoire du patient d’Onco-Hématologie (GRRR-OH)
Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Aortic Valve Vegetations in Candida Endocarditis
Authors: STUART GOTTLIEB, SHAIK A. KHUDDUS, HOOSHANG BALOOKI, ALBERTO E. DOMINGUEZ, ROBERT J. MYERBURG
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Similar echocardiographic findings in two patients with surgically confirmed Candida endocarditis of the aortic valve are described. It is suggested that echocardiography performed early in the clinical course of evaluation of drug abuse patients with suspected endocarditis, particularly in the presence of negative blood cultures and systemic emboli, may help establish the diagnosis. Once the diagnosis has been suggested by echocardiography, further steps for confirmation of the diagnosis of Candida endocarditis and therapeutic intervention may be undertaken with minimal time lag.
Mental health services: Wales
Authors: R B John
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Finally, we believe that the patient's interests are best served by having operations performed by surgeons who are suitably experienced in the particular disorder and operation concerned: their official specialty is secondary and the surgeon best satisfying these criteria currently varies from region to region.It is noteworthy that, although in the United Kingdom no specialist qualification in head and neck surgery exists, the FRCS (Otolaryngology) emphasises the subject more than its general counterpart.
Aortic Aneurysm Generation in Mice With Targeted Deletion of Integrin-Linked Kinase in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Dongxiao Shen, Jian Li, John J. Lepore, Thomas J.T. Anderson, Sumita Sinha, Alexander Y. Lin, Lan Cheng, Ethan David Cohen, Jesse D. Roberts, Shoukat Dedhar, Michael S. Parmacek, Robert E. Gerszten
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is located at focal adhesions and links the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the actin cytoskeleton via β1- and β3-integrins. ILK plays a role in the activation of kinases including protein kinase B/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β and regulates cell proliferation, motility, and survival.To determine the function of ILK in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vivo.SM22Cre(+)Ilk(Fl/Fl) conditional mutant mice were generated in which the Ilk gene was selectively ablated in SMCs. SM22Cre(+)Ilk(Fl/Fl) conditional mutant mice survive to birth but die in the perinatal period exhibiting multiple vascular pathologies including aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Defects in morphogenetic development of the aorta were observed as early as E12.5 in SM22Cre(+)Ilk(Fl/Fl) mutant embryos. By late gestation (E16.5 to 18.5), striking expansion of the thoracic aorta was observed in ILK mutant embryos. Histological analyses revealed that the structural organization of the arterial tunica media is severely disrupted with profound derangements in SMC morphology, cell-cell, and cell-matrix relationships, including disruption of the elastic lamellae. ILK deletion in primary aortic SMCs results in alterations of RhoA/cytoskeletal signaling transduced through aberrant localization of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-A repressing the transcription and expression of SMC genes, which are required for the maintenance of the contractile SMC phenotype.These data identify a molecular pathway linking ILK signaling to the contractile SMC gene program. Activation of this pathway is required for morphogenetic development of the aorta and ductus arteriosus during embryonic and postnatal survival.
Mice With a Null Mutation in the NHE1 Na <sup>+</sup> -H <sup>+</sup> Exchanger Are Resistant to Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yigang Wang, Jamie W. Meyer, Muhammad Ashraf, Gary E. Shull
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Pharmacological studies indicate that Na + -H + exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) plays a central role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, confirmation by alternative methods is lacking. To address this issue, we examined the role of NHE1 in ischemia-reperfusion injury using gene-targeted NHE1-null mutant ( Nhe1 −/− ) mice. Nhe1 −/− and wild-type hearts were perfused in a Langendorff apparatus in both the absence and presence of the NHE1 inhibitor eniporide, subjected to 40 minutes of ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion, and the effects of genetic ablation or inhibition of NHE1 on hemodynamic, biochemical, and pathological changes were assessed. In the absence of eniporide, left ventricular developed pressure, end-diastolic pressure, and coronary flow were significantly less impaired in Nhe1 −/− hearts relative to wild-type hearts, and release of lactate dehydrogenase, morphological damage, and ATP depletion were also significantly less. In the presence of eniporide, however, wild-type hearts were significantly protected and there were no significant differences between the two genotypes with respect to cardiac performance, lactate dehydrogenase release, or morphological damage. Furthermore, the presence or absence of eniporide had no apparent effect on the degree of cardioprotection observed in Nhe1 −/− hearts. These data demonstrate that genetic ablation of NHE1 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition to providing direct evidence that confirms previous pharmacological studies indicating a role for NHE1 in ischemia-reperfusion injury, these results suggest that the long-term absence of NHE1 does not elicit major compensatory changes that might negate the cardioprotective effects of blocking its activity over the short-term.
Identifying Early Melanomas at Higher Risk for Metastases
Authors: Charles M. Balch, Glen C. Balch, Rohit R. Sharma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Itreportsthelargestseries(n 26,736)withthelongestfollow-up(20years)ofanyprevious publication in the ﬁeld to our knowledge. The data areespecially unique, because they are derived from a population-basedprospective melanoma registry that is more representative of mela-noma survival outcome compared with that reported from majormelanoma centers having a more selective referral of patients withhigher-risk disease. The Queensland investigators focused on thinmelanomas(ie,T1with 1.0mminthickness),whicharethemostcommonpresentationsofmelanomainmostpartsoftheworld.Suchpatients with thin or T1 melanomas are a heterogeneous group, andthevastmajorityhavealowriskofdying.Ontheotherhand,itisvitalfor physicians evaluating and treating melanomas to know abouttheimportantanddeﬁnableminorityofpatientswithinthisgroup,whoinfacthaveamuchhigherriskofharboringmetastaticmela-noma and eventually dying from their T1 melanoma. Indeed, wecanpartitionpatientswithT1melanomaintotwopopulations—alow-risk group that can safely be treated conservatively with min-imalfollow-upforrecurrencemonitoringandahigher-riskgroupof patients who should be considered for more extensive surgeryand more intensive follow-up.Overall, approximately 80% of all the Queensland patientspresented initially with T1 melanoma measuring 1 mm thick-ness.Theyreportedalong-termfollow-upwitha96%survivalrateat 20 years. Although only 2.2% of patients died of known meta-static melanoma, another 14.8% died of other causes. A smallcriticismisthatsomepatientsdyingasaresultofothercausesmay,infact,havediedfromoccultmetastaticmelanoma,anditisdifﬁcultto know accurately about the incidence of occult metastases withoutautopsyveriﬁcation.Forexample,ifapatientdiesofastrokewithoutradiologicconﬁrmation,wewouldnotknowwhetherthiswasavas-culareventoramassivebleedintoametastaticmelanoma.The Queensland investigators identiﬁed different risk strata onthe basis of two major features: tumor thickness (associated with afourfoldincreasedriskofdyingwhencomparing 0.25
Factors associated with damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Inception Cohort
Authors: Ian N Bruce, Aidan G O'Keeffe, Vern Farewell, John G Hanly, Susan Manzi, Li Su, Dafna D Gladman, Sang-Cheol Bae, Jorge Sanchez-Guerrero, Juanita Romero-Diaz, Caroline Gordon, Daniel J Wallace, Ann E Clarke, Sasha Bernatsky, Ellen M Ginzler, David A Isenberg, Anisur Rahman, Joan T Merrill, Graciela S Alarcón, Barri J Fessler, Paul R Fortin, Michelle Petri, Kristjan Steinsson, Mary Anne Dooley, Munther A Khamashta, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman, Asad A Zoma, Gunnar K Sturfelt, Ola Nived, Cynthia Aranow, Meggan Mackay, Manuel Ramos-Casals, Ronald F van Vollenhoven, Kenneth C Kalunian, Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza, Sam Lim, Diane L Kamen, Christine A Peschken, Murat Inanc, Murray B Urowitz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> We studied damage accrual and factors determining development and progression of damage in an international cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Inception Cohort recruited patients within 15 months of developing four or more 1997 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE; the SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI) was measured annually. We assessed relative rates of transition using maximum likelihood estimation in a multistate model. The Kaplan–Meier method estimated the probabilities for time to first increase in SDI score and Cox regression analysis was used to assess mortality. <h3>Results</h3> We recruited 1722 patients; mean (SD) age 35.0 (13.4) years at cohort entry. Patients with damage at enrolment were more likely to have further worsening of SDI (SDI 0 vs ≥1; p&lt;0.001). Age, USA African race/ethnicity, SLEDAI-2K score, steroid use and hypertension were associated with transition from no damage to damage, and increase(s) in pre-existing damage. Male gender (relative transition rates (95% CI) 1.48 (1.06&nbsp;to 2.08)) and USA Caucasian race/ethnicity (1.63 (1.08 to 2.47)) were associated with SDI 0 to ≥1 transitions; Asian race/ethnicity patients had lower rates of new damage (0.60 (0.39 to 0.93)). Antimalarial use was associated with lower rates of increases in pre-existing damage (0.63 (0.44 to 0.89)). Damage was associated with future mortality (HR (95% CI) 1.46 (1.18 to 1.81) per SDI point). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Damage in SLE predicts future damage accrual and mortality. We identified several potentially modifiable risk factors for damage accrual; an integrated strategy to address these may improve long-term outcomes.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition increases aortic stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity in rats
Authors: R Fitch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: The present study was to examine whether endogenous nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the regulation of vascular stiffness. Methods: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was determined as the time delay between the foot of pressure waves recorded simultaneously at the aortic arch and abdominal aorta (just above the bifurcation) in anesthetized Sprague–Dawley rats. A decrease in vascular compliance results in an increase in PWV. Results: A bolus injection of a NO synthase inhibitor, l-NAME (30 mg/kg), significantly increased PWV, accompanied by an increase in blood pressure. Since changes in blood pressure are known to affect PWV, phenylephrine (PE) was administered to mimic the blood pressure changes induced by l-NAME, thus compensating for the pressure-dependent component of the PWV changes. At each given level of mean arterial pressure (MAP), PWV was significantly higher with l-NAME than with PE treatment, suggesting that acute withdrawal of endogenous NO reduces aortic compliance independent of changes in MAP. In rats chronically treated with l-NAME (0.5 g/l in drinking water) for 3 weeks, PWV was even higher than those acutely treated with l-NAME (at MAP=150 mmHg). This additional increase in vascular stiffness may be due to the remodeling of the vascular wall as a result of chronic NOS inhibition and hypertension. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that NO modulates vascular compliance independent of blood pressure changes and that an intact endogenous NO system is required to maintain normal vascular compliance.
A New Missense Mutation in the <i>CASR</i> Gene in Familial Interstitial Lung Disease with Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Defective Granulocyte Function
Authors: Maurits Demedts, Willy Lissens, Wim Wuyts, Gert Matthijs, Michiel Thomeer, Roger Bouillon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)
Cesarean Section and Rate of Subsequent Stillbirth, Miscarriage, and Ectopic Pregnancy: A Danish Register-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Sinéad M. O'Neill, Esben Agerbo, Louise C. Kenny, Tine B. Henriksen, Patricia M. Kearney, Richard A. Greene, Preben Bo Mortensen, Ali S. Khashan
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Louise Kenny and colleagues conduct a population-based cohort study in Denmark to assess the likelihood of stillbirth, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy following cesarean section compared to women who gave birth by vaginal delivery. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary