tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Urate Oxidase for the Prophylaxis or Treatment of Hyperuricemia in Patients With Leukemia or Lymphoma
Authors: Ching-Hon Pui, Hazem H. Mahmoud, Joseph M. Wiley, Gerald M. Woods, Guy Leverger, Bruce Camitta, Caroline Hastings, Susan M. Blaney, Mary V. Relling, Gregory H. Reaman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

To improve the control of hyperuricemia in patients with leukemia or lymphoma, we tested a newly developed uricolytic agent, recombinant urate oxidase (SR29142; Rasburicase; Sanofi-Synthelabo, Inc, Paris, France), which catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, a highly water-soluble metabolite readily excreted by the kidneys.We administered Rasburicase intravenously, at 0.15 or 0.20 mg/kg, for 5 to 7 consecutive days to 131 children, adolescents, and young adults with newly diagnosed leukemia or lymphoma, who either presented with abnormally high plasma uric acid concentrations or had large tumor cell burdens. Blood levels of uric acid, creatinine, phosphorus, and potassium were measured daily. The pharmacokinetics of Rasburicase, the urinary excretion rate of allantoin, and antibodies to Rasburicase were also studied.At either dosage, the recombinant enzyme produced a rapid and sharp decrease in plasma uric acid concentrations in all patients. The median level decreased by 4 hours after treatment, from 9.7 to 1 mg/dL (P =.0001), in the 65 patients who presented with hyperuricemia, and from 4.3 to 0.5 mg/dL (P =.0001) in the remaining 66 patients. Despite cytoreductive chemotherapy, plasma uric acid concentrations remained low throughout the treatment (daily median level, 0.5 mg/dL). The urinary excretion rate of allantoin increased during Rasburicase treatment, peaking on day 3. Serum phosphorus concentrations did not change significantly during the first 3 days of treatment, decreased significantly by day 4 in patients presenting with hyperuricemia (P =.0003), and fell within the normal range in all patients by 48 hours after treatment. Serum creatinine levels decreased significantly after 1 day of treatment in patients with or without hyperuricemia at diagnosis (P =.0003 and P =.02, respectively) and returned to normal range in all patients by day 6 of treatment. Toxicity was negligible, and none of the patients required dialysis. The mean plasma half-lives of the agent were 16.0 +/- 6.3 (SD) hours and 21.1 +/- 12.0 hours, respectively, in patients treated at dosages of 0.15 or 0.20 mg/kg. Seventeen of the 121 assessable patients developed antibodies to the enzyme.Rasburicase is safe and highly effective for the prophylaxis or treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with leukemia or lymphoma.
Carbimazole-induced juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: F. Alvarez, C. Pagot, C.M. Vabre-Latre, E. Uro-Coste, C. Paul, Y. Chaix, J. Mazereeuw-Hautier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

E‐mail: stephflocohenbacrie@free.fr Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Juvenile dermatomyositis (JD) is an inflammatory multisystem disease affecting skin and muscle, causing symmetric proximal weakness and characteristic skin rash. Drug‐related dermatomyositis has been reported rarely in adults but not in children.1, 2 This is the first report of JD induced by carbimazole. A 10‐year‐old girl was referred to the dermatology department at CHU Rangueil for an 11‐month history of skin lesions, asthenia and arthralgia. Past medical history included a diagnosis of Graves’ disease. She was treated with carbimazole and hyperthyroidism regressed after approximately 5 months. Three months after starting carbimazole, the patient developed arthralgia and asthenia. Three months later, skin lesions were noted. Five months later, she was referred to our department. Skin examination revealed symmetric erythematous and slightly scaly plaques on knees, elbows and medial malleolus. There were firm subcutaneous nodules on the extension aspect of both arms. She also had an eyelid erythema (Fig. 1a) and erythematous papules on the dorsal aspect of finger joints (Fig. 1b). She had symmetrical inflammatory pain of large and small joints, and weakness of the muscles without muscle pain. Rheumatological examination revealed stiffness of the knees and left elbow associated with flessum. Her fingers were swollen with a spindle aspect (Fig. 1b). Muscle strength testing showed a symmetric proximal weakness. She had high creatine kinase level of 230 U L−1 (0–140) and high aldolase level of 16 U L−1 (0–10). The antinuclear antibody titre was 1/320, without anti‐DNA antibody or antiextractable nuclear antigens. Complement, thyroid stimulating hormone and T4 were within normal range.
Pseudoporphyria due to naproxen
Authors: Susan Mayou, M.M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Pseudoporphyria due to naproxen Get access Susan Mayou, Susan Mayou Dowling Skin Unit, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, University of London, London SE1 i 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Black M.M. Black Dowling Skin Unit, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, University of London, London SE1 i 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 4, 1 April 1986, Pages 519–520, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02867.x Published: 01 April 1986
Endothelial Function Predicts the Development of Renal Damage after Combined Nephrectomy and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Peter Ochodnicky[Combining Acute Accent], Dick de Zeeuw, Robert H. Henning, C. Alex Kluppel, Richard P.E. van Dokkum
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

It was demonstrated that individual renal endothelial dilatory function of the healthy rat predicts susceptibility to subsequent renal damage induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. In addition, it is reported that myocardial infarction (MI) that was performed upon unilateral nephrectomy (UNx) induced highly variable renal damage. Therefore, whether the variability in renal damage after MI could be explained by the variation in individual renal endothelial function before the induction of injury was studied. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was investigated in vitro in small arteries that were isolated from the extirpated kidney at UNx. MI was induced 1 wk after UNx by ligation of the left coronary artery. Proteinuria and systolic BP were evaluated weekly for 16 wk thereafter using metabolic cages and the tail-cuff method, respectively. Upon termination of the study, focal glomerulosclerosis was evaluated by histology as an additional marker of renal damage. After MI, nephrectomized male Wistar rats (n = 15) gradually developed variable proteinuria, ranging from 20 to 507 mg/24 h at week 16, with an average systolic BP of 131 +/- 7 mmHg. The individual renal endothelial function of the healthy rats predicted the extent of renal damage in terms of proteinuria (r = -0.62, P = 0.008) and focal glomerulosclerosis (r = -0.70, P = 0.003). The individual level of renal endothelial function in the healthy rat is able to predict the severity of renal damage that is induced by MI. Further exploration of the underlying mechanisms may lead to discovery of preventive renoprotective therapies.
Prevalence and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease in a selected South Indian population: the Chennai Urban Population Study.
Authors: G Premalatha, S Shanthirani, R Deepa, J Markovitz, V Mohan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

The epidemiology of peripheral vascular disease has rarely been studied in non-European populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) among South Indians.The Chennai Urban Population Study is an epidemiological study involving 2 residential areas in Chennai in South India. Of the 1,399 eligible subjects (> or =20 years of age), 1,262 (90.2%) participated in the study. All of the study subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and were categorized as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or diabetes. Peripheral Doppler studies were performed on 50% of the study subjects, and PVD was defined as an ankle-brachial index (ABI) <0.9.The prevalence rates of PVD were 2.7, 2.9, and 6.3% in individuals with NGT, IGT, and diabetes, respectively The overall prevalence rate was 3.2%. Known diabetic subjects had a higher prevalence of PVD (7.8%) compared with newly diagnosed diabetic subjects (3.5%). PVD was uncommon until middle-age and then the prevalence rate increased dramatically. Univariate regression analysis showed age >50 years (odds ratio [OR] 6.3, 95% CI 2.1-20.6, P<0.001) and hypertension (OR 2.7, 0.9-7.3, P = 0.08) to be associated with PVD, whereas smoking and serum lipid levels showed no association. Multivariate regression analysis identified age as the most significant risk factor for PVD. Of the 90 subjects who had coronary artery disease (CAD), only 6 had PVD, and the positive predictive value of the ABI for CAD was only 30%.The prevalence of PVD in this urban South Indian population is considerably lower than that reported in European and U.S. studies and is in marked contrast to the high prevalence rate of CAD reported in this population.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and increased inflammatory activity in non-obese patients with coronary artery disease in the RICCADSA trial
Authors: Yüksel Peker, Erik Thunström, Helena Glantz, Michael Fu, Tülay Yücel-Lindberg, Max Petzold, Kristin Lindberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background   :  Inflammation has a crucial role in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common condition in CAD patients and associated with increased inflammation. The impact of OSA on inflammatory activity in CAD is unknown .   Methods and Results:   Inflammatory markers, High-sensitive (Hs)-CRP, Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, were analyzed among 371 revascularized non-obese CAD patients from an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RICCADSA) with OSA (Apnoea Hypopnoea-Index [AHI] ≥15 events/h; n=267) and non-OSA (AHI vs  2.41 mg/ml; p=0.011), IL-6 (11.66  vs  6.27 pg/ml; p vs  1.52 pg/ml; p=0.075) and TNFα (6.06 vs 5.41 pg/mL; p=0.019) compared to the levels seen in non-OSA. In a bivariate regression analysis, OSA, based on AHI≥15 events/h was significantly correlated with all four biomarkers but only with IL-6 in the multivariate model (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.08;1.65). When applying Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) ≥5 events/h as a marker of the severity of intermittent hypoxemia in OSA, we found a significant relationship between ODI≥5 events/h and Hs-CRP (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.02;1.62) as well as with IL-6 (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.11;1.64).   Conclusion:   OSA is independently related with increased inflammatory activity in this non-obese CAD cohort. The inflammatory activity seems to be triggered more by intermittent hypoxemia rather than the degree of the apnoeic events per se in OSA.
Traffic-related air pollution is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Byoung-Ju Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Ji-Won Kwon, Young-Ho Jung, Eun Lee, Song I. Yang, Hyung-Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Hyo-Bin Kim, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Ho-Jang Kwon, Soo-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Hemodynamic Effects of Basal and Stimulated Release of Endogenous Nitric Oxide in Isolated Human Lungs
Authors: George Cremona, Timothy W. Higenbottam, Edward A. Bower, Alison M. Wood, Susan Stewart
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —We compared the hemodynamic responses to inhibition or stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release of isolated explanted lungs from transplantation recipients with pulmonary hypertension and in normotensive unallocated donor lungs. Methods and Results —Lungs from 10 patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (SPH) and from 16 patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) were studied. Fourteen normotensive lungs were studied as controls. The lungs were perfused at a constant flow. In protocol 1 N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester caused a similar rise in baseline pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) that was similar in SPH (+17.1±4.2 mm Hg; n=5), COLD (+15.5±4.8 mm Hg; n=8), and control lungs (+14.5±1.5 mm Hg; n=7). Arterial occlusion demonstrated that most of the changes with N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester were precapillary. The response to sodium nitroprusside (10 −8 to 10 −4 mol/L) was similar in all groups. In protocol 2, the lungs were preconstricted, and acetylcholine (10 −9 to 10 −5 mol/L) caused a lesser fall in PAP in both COLD and SPH lungs compared with control (−41.9±8.6%, −55.7±7.6%, and −73.2±2.5%, respectively; P &lt;0.05), whereas sodium nitroprusside (10 −5 mol/L) decreased PAP to initial levels in all lungs. Conclusions —Stimulated release of NO is impaired in arteries of lungs with plexogenic or hypoxemic pulmonary hypertension. In contrast, basal release of NO appears to be maintained.
Genetic Regulation of Commitment to Interleukin 4 Production by a CD4+ T Cell–intrinsic Mechanism
Authors: Mark Bix, Zhi-En Wang, Bonnie Thiel, Nicholas J. Schork, Richard M. Locksley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The dysregulated expression of interleukin 4 (IL-4) can have deleterious effects on the outcome of infectious and allergic diseases. Despite this, the mechanisms by which naive T cells commit to IL-4 expression during differentiation into mature effector cells remain incompletely defined. As compared to cells from most strains of mice, activated CD4+ T cells from BALB mice show a bias towards IL-4 production and T helper 2 commitment in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that this bias arises not from an increase in the amount of IL-4 produced per cell, but rather from an increase in the proportion of CD4+ T cells that commit to IL-4 expression. This strain-specific difference in commitment was independent of signals mediated via the IL-4 receptor and hence occurred upstream of potential autoregulatory effects of IL-4. Segregation analysis of the phenotype in an experimental backcross cohort implicated a polymorphic locus on chromosome 16. Consistent with a role in differentiation, expression of the phenotype was CD4+ T cell intrinsic and was evident as early as 16 h after the activation of naive T cells. Probabilistic gene activation is proposed as a T cell–intrinsic mechanism capable of modulating the proportion of naive T cells that commit to IL-4 production.
The Effect of Polyphenols in Olive Oil on Heart Disease Risk Factors
Authors: María-Isabel Covas, Kristiina Nyyssönen, Henrik E. Poulsen, Jari Kaikkonen, Hans-Joachim F. Zunft, Holger Kiesewetter, Antonio Gaddi, Rafael de la Torre, Jaakko Mursu, Hans Bäumler, Simona Nascetti, Jukka T. Salonen, Montserrat Fitó, Jyrki Virtanen, Jaume Marrugat
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Virgin olive oils are richer in phenolic content than refined olive oil. Small, randomized, crossover, controlled trials on the antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds from real-life daily doses of olive oil in humans have yielded conflicting results. Little information is available on the effect of the phenolic compounds of olive oil on plasma lipid levels. No international study with a large sample size has been done. Objective: To evaluate whether the phenolic content of olive oil further benefits plasma lipid levels and lipid oxidative damage compared with monounsaturated acid content. Design: Randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Setting: 6 research centers from 5 European countries. Participants: 200 healthy male volunteers. Measurements: Glucose levels, plasma lipid levels, oxidative damage to lipid levels, and endogenous and exogenous antioxidants at baseline and before and after each intervention. Intervention: In a crossover study, participants were randomly assigned to 3 sequences of daily administration of 25 mL of 3 olive oils. Olive oils had low (2.7 mg/kg of olive oil), medium (164 mg/kg), or high (366 mg/kg) phenolic content but were otherwise similar. Intervention periods were 3 weeks preceded by 2-week washout periods. Results: A linear increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels was observed for low-, medium-, and high-polyphenol olive oil: mean change, 0.025 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.003 to 0.05 mmol/L), 0.032 mmol/L (CI, 0.005 to 0.05 mmol/L), and 0.045 mmol/L (CI, 0.02 to 0.06 mmol/L), respectively. Total cholesterol–HDL cholesterol ratio decreased linearly with the phenolic content of the olive oil. Triglyceride levels decreased by an average of 0.05 mmol/L for all olive oils. Oxidative stress markers decreased linearly with increasing phenolic content. Mean changes for oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels were 1.21 U/L (CI, −0.8 to 3.6 U/L), −1.48 U/L (−3.6 to 0.6 U/L), and −3.21 U/L (−5.1 to −0.8 U/L) for the low-, medium-, and high-polyphenol olive oil, respectively. Limitations: The olive oil may have interacted with other dietary components, participants' dietary intake was self-reported, and the intervention periods were short. Conclusions: Olive oil is more than a monounsaturated fat. Its phenolic content can also provide benefits for plasma lipid levels and oxidative damage. International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial number: ISRCTN09220811.
Exposure to pets, and the association with hay fever, asthma, and atopic sensitization in rural children
Authors: M. Waser, E. Von Mutius, J. Riedler, D. Nowak, S. Maisch, D. Carr, W. Eder, G. Tebow, R. Schierl, M. Schreuer, C. Braun‐Fahrländer
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: An increasing number of studies report pet exposure to be associated with lower risk of asthma and allergies. This ‘protective pet effect’ has been suggested to result from a modified T‐helper (Th)2‐cell response, or because of increased microbial load in homes where pets are kept. We examined the associations between pet contact and the occurrence of asthma and allergies in children of the rural Allergy and Endotoxin (ALEX) population, taking farm animal contact, endotoxin and cat allergen levels in mattress dust into account. Methods: Information about contact with pets and farm animals, asthma and allergy were collected for 812 children by a standardized parents’ questionnaire and an interview. Mattress dust endotoxin and cat allergen levels as well as specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies to Fel d1 were determined. Results: Current contact with dogs was inversely associated with diagnosed hay fever (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11–0.57), diagnosed asthma (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.71), sensitization to cat allergen (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–0.99) and to grass pollen (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.94), but not with increased IgG4 levels. Early and current contact with cats were associated with reduced risk of wheezing (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–1.00, and OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26–0.92, respectively) and grass pollen sensitization. Adjustment for farm animal contact but not for endotoxin and cat allergen exposure attenuated these associations and the effect of pet was stronger among farmers’ children. Conclusion: Although pet exposure was very frequent in this rural population, the inverse relation between current dog contact, asthma and allergy was mostly explained by simultaneously occurring exposure to stable animals or was restricted to farm children. In addition, a subtle form of pet avoidance may contribute to the protective effect of pet.
Glomerulomegaly and proteinuria in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: F Faustinella, C Uzoh, D Sheikh-Hamad, L D Truong, J J Olivero
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Glomerulomegaly is a histologic finding present in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, congenital cyanotic heart disease, morbid obesity associated with sleep apnea syndrome, sickle cell disease, and polycythemic states. This study examines the case of a 34-yr-old woman with idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension who presented with nephrotic-range proteinuria. Kidney biopsy revealed enlarged glomeruli with mesangial-proliferative glomerulonephritis. A review of the pertinent literature and a discussion of the proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to glomerulomegaly are presented.
Episodes of respiratory morbidity in children with cough and wheeze.
Authors: J B Clough, S T Holgate
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

An important feature of "asthma" in children is the occurrence of repeated episodes of airflow obstruction lasting days or weeks. In this 1-yr longitudinal study, we investigated the nature of these episodes and their relationship to other indices of asthma. A random sample of children aged 7 and 8 yr reporting either cough or wheeze was invited to attend for skin testing. Ninety-six atopic children, half with cough and half with wheeze, and 96 nonatopic children, again half with cough and half with wheeze, were selected to join a longitudinal study. All children recorded twice daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements and a daily 10-point symptom score. One hundred eighty-three children (95.3%) successfully completed the study. Episodes of respiratory morbidity, defined as falls in PEF to less than 1.5 standard deviations (SD) below subject mean lasting for more than 2 days, were identified and the 642 resulting episodes examined. Episodes were more common in autumn and winter (p = 0.003 to 0.017). The mean number of episodes per child was 3.5 (range 0 to 8): 94 (51.4%) children experienced more than three episodes, 54 (30.0%) experiencing five or more. The average duration of episodes was 4.1 days (range 2 to 27 days), with 44 (24%) subjects demonstrating episodes of average duration of 5 days or more and 18 (10%) of greater than 7 days. Episodes were more severe in children with wheeze (p = 0.013) and slightly more frequent in those with cough alone (p < 0.05). Atopy had no effect on episode frequency, duration, or magnitude.
386 TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NON-INVASIVE MULTIPARAMETER SCORE FOR ASSESSMENT OF ALLOGRAFT FIBROSIS IN LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENTS
Authors: S. Beckebaum, S. Iacob, C.G. Klein, A. Dechene, J. Varghese, H.A. Baba, G. Sotiropoulos, A. Paul, G. Gerken, V.R. Cicinnati
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Pseudo-membranous colitis
Authors: S. J. M. Goulston, V. J. McGovern
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS It is not generally recognized that pseudo-membranous enterocolitis may attack the colon only and has to be considered as a differential diagnosis for ulcerative colitis.Twelve cases in which the colon only was attacked are described in this paper.They fall into two groups, one group associated with primary disease of the colon, particularly with obstruction, and the other with general disease such as pneumonia or uraemia or septicaemia.It is suggested that the condition is due to a toxic agent acting locally within the mucosa and is a separate entity from ischaemic colitis or staphylococcal enterocolitis.
CD63 tetraspanin slows down cell migration and translocates to the endosomal-lysosomal-MIICs route after extracellular stimuli in human immature dendritic cells
Authors: Adriana R. Mantegazza, María Marcela Barrio, Sandrine Moutel, Laura Bover, Markus Weck, Peter Brossart, Jean-Luc Teillaud, José Mordoh
Journal: Blood (2004)