tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial of tamoxifen alone or combined with aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone in women with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: J N Ingle, S J Green, D L Ahmann, H J Long, J H Edmonson, J Rubin, M N Chang, E T Creagan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

A randomized clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy of tamoxifen (TAM) alone with that of TAM plus aminoglutethimide (AG) and hydrocortisone (HC). Patients failing TAM could receive AG and HC. Objective responses to therapy were seen in 21 of 49 TAM patients (43%) and 25 of 51 TAM, AG and HC patients (49%). Time to disease progression and survival distributions were not significantly different between the treatment arms. Toxicity was greater for patients treated with TAM, AG, and HC and the trial was discontinued early for this reason. Twenty-four patients received AG and HC after TAM therapy and three (12%) achieved a response. We conclude that the combination of TAM, AG, and HC is not recommended over TAM alone because toxicity appears to outweigh any potential therapeutic advantage.
Pathologic Variables and Recurrence Rates As Related to Obesity and Race in Men With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Christopher L. Amling, Robert H. Riffenburgh, Leon Sun, Judd W. Moul, Raymond S. Lance, Leo Kusuda, Wade J. Sexton, Douglas W. Soderdahl, Timothy F. Donahue, John P. Foley, Andrew K. Chung, David G. McLeod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To determine if obesity is associated with higher prostate specific antigen recurrence rates after radical prostatectomy (RP), and to explore racial differences in body mass index (BMI) as a potential explanation for the disparity in outcome between black and white men.
THE DIRECTION OF GROWTH OF EPITHELIUM.*
Authors: T. J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article THE DIRECTION OF GROWTH OF EPITHELIUM. Get access T. J. RYAN T. J. RYAN Senior Dermatological Registrar, The Radeliffe Infirmary, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 7, 1 July 1966, Pages 403–415, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12237.x Published: 01 July 1966
Effect of Anorectal Eversion on Long-Term Clinical outcome of Restorative Proctocolectomy
Authors: D J Defriend, M Mughal, R H Grace, P F Schofield
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1997)

Eversion of the rectum during restorative proctocolectomy with stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) remains a controversial surgical manoeuvre because of concern that it may impair anal sphincter function and adversely affect outcome. We have reviewed the long-term results in 41 patients whose operation included formation of a 20 cm J-pouch with stapled IPAA by the technique of rectal eversion. At median follow-up of 4 years (range 1-6 years), 4 pouches (10%) had been removed (2 for pelvic sepsis, 1 for rectovaginal fistula and 1 for Crohn's disease). In 34 patients with functioning pouches in situ, median stool frequency was 5 per 24 h (range 2-10). 11 patients (33%) regularly had to evacuate their pouch at night and 4 (12%) used antidiarrhoeal medication. No patients reported major incontinence; 2 (6%) had minor leakage, and in another 2 minor leakage had now ceased. 4 patients had had episodes of pouchitis. These favourable results offer no support for the contention that rectal eversion substantially worsens the long-term results of restorative proctocolectomy.
French parliament to control health costs
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A constitutional amendment adopted last week authorises the French parliament to impose limits on health spending in an attempt to reduce growing public deficits. So far the 50 year old social security system, which has debts of Fr250bn (pounds sterling32bn), has always had its spending controlled by representatives of trade unions, employers' associations, and the system's own administration.

The amendment was voted 681 to 166 by a special joint congress of the …
The H Antigen at Epithelial Surfaces Is Associated with Susceptibility to Asthma Exacerbation
Authors: Anh L. Innes, Kelly Wong McGrath, Ryan H. Dougherty, Charles E. McCulloch, Prescott G. Woodruff, Max A. Seibold, Kimberly S. Okamoto, Kelsey J. Ingmundson, Margaret C. Solon, Stephen D. Carrington, John V. Fahy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Acute asthma exacerbations, precipitated by viral infections, are a significant cause of morbidity, but not all patients with asthma are equally susceptible.Objectives: To explore susceptibility factors for asthma exacerbations, we considered a role for histoblood group antigens because they are implicated in mechanisms of gastrointestinal viral infection, specifically the O-secretor mucin glycan phenotype. We investigated if this phenotype is associated with susceptibility to asthma exacerbation.Methods: We performed two consecutive case-control studies in subjects with asthma who were either prone or resistant to asthma exacerbations. Exacerbation-prone cases had frequent use of prednisone for an asthma exacerbation and frequent asthma-related healthcare utilization, whereas exacerbation-resistant control subjects had rarely reported asthma exacerbations. The frequency of different mucin glycan phenotypes, defined by the presence or absence of H (O), A, B, or AB antigens, was compared in cases and control subjects.Measurements and Main Results: In an initial study consisting of 49 subjects with asthma (23 cases and 26 control subjects), we found that having the O-secretor phenotype was associated with a 5.8-fold increase in the odds of being a case (95% confidence interval, 1.7–21.0; P = 0.006). In a replication study consisting of 204 subjects with asthma (101 cases and 103 control subjects), we found that having the O-secretor phenotype was associated with a 2.3-fold increased odds of being a case (95% confidence interval, 1.2–4.4; P = 0.02).Conclusions: The O-secretor mucin glycan phenotype is associated with susceptibility to asthma exacerbation.Clinical trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00201266).
Effect of submaximal contraction intensity in contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching
Authors: J B Feland, H N Marin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To determine if submaximal contractions used in contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (CRPNF) stretching of the hamstrings yield comparable gains in hamstring flexibility to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs).Randomised controlled trial. A convenience sample of 72 male subjects aged 18-27 was used. Subjects qualified by demonstrating tight hamstrings, defined as the inability to reach 70 degrees of hip flexion during a straight leg raise. Sixty subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1, 20% of MVIC; 2, 60% of MVIC; 3, 100% MVIC. Twelve subjects were randomly assigned to a control group (no stretching). Subjects in groups 1-3 performed three separate six second CRPNF stretches at the respective intensity with a 10 second rest between contractions, once a day for five days. Goniometric measurements of hamstring flexibility using a lying passive knee extension test were made before and after the stretching period to determine flexibility changes.Paired t tests showed a significant change in flexibility for all treatment groups. A comparison of least squares means showed that there was no difference in flexibility gains between the treatment groups, but all treatment groups had significantly greater flexibility than the control group.CRPNF stretching using submaximal contractions is just as beneficial at improving hamstring flexibility as maximal contractions, and may reduce the risk of injury associated with PNF stretching.
Review of the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2012, 5 to 7 December, London, UK
Authors: Hannah Kelly Bayes, Alistair Colin Church, Andrew J Fisher
Journal: Thorax (2013)

This review highlights new developments in scientific and clinical research presented at the British Thoracic Society Winter Scientific Meeting held from 5 to 7 December 2012. Although a wide spectrum of respiratory research was presented at the meeting the content of the review focuses specifically on the key themes of pleural disease, interstitial lung disease and future therapies in respiratory medicine. Advances in clinical and translational respiratory research presented in the major symposia and spoken sessions related to these areas are summarised. Additional sessions covering lifestyle dilemmas in the context of respiratory disease and the early career investigator awards are also highlighted.
Allez Hop, a nationwide programme for the promotion of physical activity in Switzerland: what is the evidence for a population impact after one decade of implementation?
Authors: Miriam Wanner, Eva Martin-Diener, Georg F Bauer, Hanspeter Stamm, Brian W Martin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Objectives To present evidence for a population impact of a national physical activity promotion programme after a decade of implementation. Methods The programme Allez Hop offered local physical activity courses (mainly walking and Nordic walking) once a week over 12 weeks. Data from a pretest posttest survey in 2005 course participants (N=2157 at baseline (of 4130, 52.2%), 1587 at first follow-up (73.6%); smaller subsample with second follow-up) and from repeated cross-sectional national surveys have been analysed regarding changes in physical activity behaviour. Results The total number of Allez Hop courses was 18 684 between 1997 and 2008. 89.2% of participants were women, the mean age was 48.5 years. The proportion meeting the physical activity recommendations was 31.7% at baseline, in participants with first follow-up data it increased from 33.1% to 42.3% (p&lt;0.001). On the population level in the main user group of Allez Hop (middle-aged women) the proportion not engaging in any sport decreased from 50.1% (1997) to 47.2% (2002) and to 43.1% (2007) (p&lt;0.01). Walking/hiking was the second most frequently performed sport (33.7%) in 2007, with the most remarkable increase since 2000 (+11.1%). Conclusions Allez Hop was successfully implemented for more than a decade, reached middle-aged women and a high proportion of insufficiently active individuals. Changes in participants' physical activity behaviour must be interpreted cautiously because of low response rates and short follow-up. However, indications for behavioural changes were observed at the population level, even though these data do not allow a causal link to Allez Hop.
Sudden Traumatic Death in Children
Authors: Robert D Truog, Grace Christ, David M Browning, Elaine C Meyer
Journal: JAMA (2006)

When caring for children who become suddenly and catastrophically ill, clinicians must simultaneously attend to a complex and rapidly evolving medical situation, as well as to the equally challenging demands of establishing compassionate relationships with family members and communicating well with colleagues. An 18-month-old toddler was brought to the hospital with severe head injury after being struck by a car. Over a period of hours, her condition evolved from prognostic uncertainty to the diagnosis of brain death and considerations of organ donation. Against this medical backdrop, the clinicians successfully established a trusting relationship with family members by careful attention to their emotional, informational, and care needs as they absorbed the devastating prognosis, took in the results of the brain death examination, and considered the option of organ donation. This case illustrates the importance of interdisciplinary communication, the vital role of social workers and other psychosocial providers with expertise in working with families, and the critical significance of mutual care and support for the clinicians who accompany families through these tragic life events.
Radiological outcome after four years of early versus delayed treatment strategy in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: J van Aken
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine the effect of different treatment strategies (early versus delayed) on the radiological progression of joint damage during 4 years. Additionally, to determine the effect of treatment strategy on the association of HLA class II alleles and joint damage. <b>Methods:</b> Progression of radiographic damage and association of radiographic damage and genetic predisposition were compared in two cohorts, one treated according to the delayed treatment strategy (initial treatment with analgesics), the other treated according to the early treatment strategy (treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) chloroquine or sulfasalazine). Radiographic damage was measured by the modified Sharp-van der Heijde method. Genetic predisposition was determined by high resolution HLA-DR and DQ typing. <b>Results:</b> A completers-only analysis of 153 patients (originally 206 patients) in a non-randomised design showed less radiographic progression from 0 to 4 years in the early treatment group (median Sharp progression rate 1.3 points/year, n = 75) than in the delayed treatment group (2.5 points/year, n = 78) (p<i> = </i>0.03). The progression from 1 to 4 years did not differ significantly between the groups. At 4 years, joint destruction in both groups was positively correlated with the presence of the shared epitope. <b>Conclusions:</b> The beneficial effect of early DMARD treatment on the radiological progression of joint damage is still present at 4 years. However, the rate of joint destruction from 1 to 4 years did not differ between the delayed and early treatment group. Neither the radiographic nor the immunogenetic data suggest that longlasting disease modification has been induced by early treatment.
Aerobic exercise attenuates pulmonary injury induced by exposure to cigarette smoke
Authors: A.C. Toledo, R.M. Magalhaes, D.C. Hizume, R.P. Vieira, P.J.C. Biselli, H.T. Moriya, T. Mauad, F.D.T.Q.S. Lopes, M.A. Martins
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

It has recently been suggested that regular exercise reduces lung function decline and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among active smokers; however, the mechanisms involved in this effect remain poorly understood. The present study evaluated the effects of regular exercise training in an experimental mouse model of chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (control, exercise, smoke and smoke+exercise). For 24 weeks, we measured respiratory mechanics, mean linear intercept, inflammatory cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, collagen deposition in alveolar walls, and the expression of antioxidant enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1, interleukin (IL)-10 and 8-isoprostane in alveolar walls. Exercise attenuated the decrease in pulmonary elastance (p&lt;0.01) and the increase in mean linear intercept (p=0.003) induced by cigarette smoke exposure. Exercise substantially inhibited the increase in ROS in BAL fluid and 8-isoprostane expression in lung tissue induced by cigarette smoke. In addition, exercise significantly inhibited the decreases in IL-10, TIMP1 and CuZn superoxide dismutase induced by exposure to cigarette smoke. Exercise also increased the number of cells expressing glutathione peroxidase. Our results suggest that regular aerobic physical training of moderate intensity attenuates the development of pulmonary disease induced by cigarette smoke exposure.
Implications of Extubation Delay in Brain-Injured Patients Meeting Standard Weaning Criteria
Authors: WILLIAM M. COPLIN, DAVID J. PIERSON, KATHY D. COOLEY, DAVID W. NEWELL, GORDON D. RUBENFELD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We hypothesized that variation in extubating brain injured patients would affect the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, length of stay, and hospital charges. In a prospective cohort of consecutive, intubated brain-injured patients, we evaluated daily: intubation status, spontaneous ventilatory parameters, gas exchange, neurologic status, and specific outcomes listed above. Of 136 patients, 99 (73%) were extubated within 48 h of meeting defined readiness criteria. The other 37 patients (27%) remained intubated for a median 3 d (range, 2 to 19). Patients with delayed extubation developed more pneumonias (38 versus 21%, p < 0.05) and had longer intensive care unit (median, 8.6 versus 3.8 d; p < 0.001) and hospital (median, 19.9 versus 13.2 d; p = 0.009) stays. Practice variation existed after stratifying for differences in Glasgow Coma Scale scores (10 versus 7, p < 0.001) at time of meeting readiness criteria, particularly for comatose patients. There was a similar reintubation rate. Median hospital charges were $29,057.00 higher for extubation delay patients (p < 0.001). This study does not support delaying extubating patients when impaired neurologic status is the only concern prolonging intubation. A randomized trial of extubation at the time brain-injured patients fulfill standard weaning criteria is justifiable.
Methylated RASSF1a Is the First Specific DNA Marker for Minimal Residual Disease Testing in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Janine Stutterheim, Fatima Ait Ichou, Emmy den Ouden, Rogier Versteeg, Huib N. Caron, Godelieve A.M. Tytgat, C. Ellen van der Schoot
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: PCR-based detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in neuroblastoma (NB) is presently based on NB-specific transcripts. However, the expression of these targets varies between patients and upon treatment, and only PHOX2B is truly specific. RASSF1a is methylated (RASSF1aM) in NB, and we investigated whether it can serve as a specific and stable DNA MRD marker. Patients and Methods: The RASSF1aM-specific quantitative real-time PCR was tested on control bone marrow (BM; n = 50), on 71 NB tumors, and on 159 clinical BM samples at diagnosis and at follow-up of 77 patients. Results were compared with a panel of RNA markers and correlated with prognosis. Results: RASSF1aM was present in all stage 4 and 4s tumors (n = 50) and in 86% stages 1 to 3 tumors (n = 21). The level of methylation in stage 4 NB was correlated with overall survival (P = 0.02). RASSF1aM–PCR was highly specific (only 1 amplification in 50 control samples tested in triplicate) and had a similar sensitivity as the RNA-based PCRs, as shown on clinical samples. Moreover, RASSF1aM enabled accurate quantification without need for the original tumor. Conclusions: RASSF1aM is a novel, highly specific DNA marker for MRD detection in NB, equal to PHOX2B in specificity and sensitivity, and better suitable for MRD quantification. We propose to include RASSF1aM in further prospective MRD studies in NB alongside RNA MRD markers. In addition, this assay might also be applicable for detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with other cancers withRASSF1aM such as breast or lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 18(3); 808–14. ©2011 AACR.
Knee area tissue oxygen saturation is predictive of 14-day mortality in septic shock
Authors: H. Ait-Oufella, J. Joffre, P. Y. Boelle, A. Galbois, S. Bourcier, J. L. Baudel, D. Margetis, M. Alves, G. Offenstadt, B. Guidet, E. Maury
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
<i>Legionella pneumophila</i> Replication Vacuoles Mature into Acidic, Endocytic Organelles
Authors: Sheila Sturgill-Koszycki, Michele S. Swanson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

After ingestion by macrophages, Legionella pneumophila inhibits acidification and maturation of its phagosome. After a 6–10-h lag period, the bacteria replicate for 10–14 h until macrophage lysis releases dozens of progeny. To examine whether the growth phase of intracellular L. pneumophila determines the fate of its phagosome, interactions between the endosomal network and pathogen vacuoles were analyzed throughout the primary infection period. Surprisingly, as L. pneumophila replicated exponentially, a significant proportion of the vacuoles acquired lysosomal characteristics. By 18 h, 70% contained lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) and 40% contained cathepsin D; 50% of the vacuoles could be labeled by endocytosis, and the pH of this population of vacuoles averaged 5.6. Moreover, L. pneumophila appeared to survive and replicate within lysosomal compartments: vacuoles harboring more than five bacteria also contained LAMP-1, inhibition of vacuole acidification and maturation by bafilomycin A1 inhibited bacterial replication, bacteria within endosomal vacuoles responded to a metabolic inducer by expressing a gfp reporter gene, and replicating bacteria obtained from macrophages, but not broth, were acid resistant. Understanding how L. pneumophila first evades and then exploits the endosomal pathway to replicate within macrophages may reveal the mechanisms governing phagosome maturation, a process also manipulated by Mycobacteria, Leishmania, and Coxiella.
Inhaled hypertonic saline reduces pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis
Authors: A J Mackay
Journal: Thorax (2006)

▴ Elkins MR, Robinson M, Rose BR, et al . A controlled trial of long-term inhaled hypertonic saline in patients with cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med2006;354:229–40 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Short term administration of hypertonic saline has been shown to improve lung function in cystic fibrosis. The authors conducted a double blind, parallel group trial over a 48 week period with 164 patients aged at least 6 years randomly assigned to either 7% (hypertonic) or 0.9% saline (control). … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DElkins%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%2BR.%26rft.volume%253D354%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D229%26rft.epage%253D240%26rft.atitle%253DA%2BControlled%2BTrial%2Bof%2BLong-Term%2BInhaled%2BHypertonic%2BSaline%2Bin%2BPatients%2Bwith%2BCystic%2BFibrosis%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa043900%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16421364%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa043900&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16421364&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F61%2F4%2F353.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000234661100003&link_type=ISI
Remarks ON POST-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE: Being an Extract from an Address on Uterine Haemorrhage Delivered Before the Clinical Society of Manchester
Authors: J. F. Le Page
Journal: BMJ (1907)

POST-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.[Mm Binu I85 might have been better said, but, at the risk of being con- sidered trivial and unmedical, I have ventured to bring before you certain observations about the occurrence of errors which exist in the management of children, and which I trust may prove of use to us as we medical men take our right place as the instructors of the community.§ KemTrnarhRs ON POST-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE.
Consensus strategy to quantitate malignant cells in myeloma patients is validated in a multicenter study
Authors: Peter Willems, Onno Verhagen, Christine Segeren, Peter Veenhuizen, Jeroen Guikema, Erik Wiemer, Laura Groothuis, Tineke Buitenweg-de Jong, Henriëtte Kok, Andries Bloem, Nico Bos, Edo Vellenga, Ewald Mensink, Pieter Sonneveld, Henk Lokhorst, Ellen van der Schoot, Reinier Raymakers
Journal: Blood (2000)