tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Attempts at Prevention of Intrauterine Death in Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Authors: Fred H. Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE prevention of intrauterine death in erythroblastosis fetalis continues to elude solution though attacks on the problem have been made from a number of directions. Fifteen to 20 per cent of fetuses with erythroblastosis caused by Rh incompatibility die in utero between the gestational ages of seventeen and forty weeks — about half of these die before thirty weeks. Fortunately, stillbirth is rare in the large group of cases of erythroblastosis caused by A and B and other blood-group antigens. Anemia is assumed to be the basic cause of intrauterine death, and it probably should be considered an anemia secondary . . .
Severe pancreatitis following hot-snare polypectomy of a distal biliary inflammatory polyp during ERCP in a heart transplant recipient
Authors: Jurgen Gerada, Ramona Camilleri, James Pocock
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Biliary polyps are rare and have never been described in transplant recipients. Herein, we describe a heart transplant recipient with a distal biliary polyp that was causing biliary obstruction who developed severe pancreatitis following endoscopic polypectomy, a complication previously unreported.
Renal Scintigraphy with Tc-99m DTPA in Pheochromocytoma
Authors: FEDERICA CAROLA, ALBERTO BESTETTI, GIANLUIGI TAROLO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 32-year-old man who reported abdominal pain and had an echographic diagnosis of “renal or extrarenal mass” (diameter, approximately 10 to 12 cm) underwent renal scintigraphy with 111 MBq (3 mCi) Tc-99m DTPA. The renal scan revealed increased uptake superior to the upper pole of the left kidney with normal renal function. Subsequently, the computed tomographic and magnetic resonance features showed a voluminous left paraaortic retroperitoneal mass, probably in the left adrenal compartment, of unknown nature. Results of a 24-hour urinary evaluation of vanillylmandelic acid were abnormal (59.5 mg; normal, 1 to 11 mg). Surgery and histologic examination confirmed the presence of a voluminous left adrenal pheocromocytoma.
A4.12 Endothelin-1 Promotes the Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cultures of Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: S Soldano, R Brizzolara, A Sulli, MA Cimmino, B Seriolo, P Montagna, M Cutolo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Endothelial/microvascular injury and myofibroblast activation are crucial events that seem to contribute to the development of fibrosis in connective tissue diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) [1]. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to the fibrotic process by inducing myofibroblast activation and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis [2]. Recently, it has been shown that myofibroblast activation from altered microvasculature may arise from the transition of endothelial-to-mesenchymal cell process (EndoMT), thus expressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and fibrillar collagens [3]. The study investigated the possible involvement of ET-1 in the EndoMT in cultures of human endothelial cells. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC, Lonza Clonetic, Switzerland) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC, Lonza), were treated with or without ET-1 (100 nM, Enzo Life Science, UK) for 3 and 6 days. The expression of α-SMA, a marker of myofibroblast phenotype, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1 or CD31), a marker of endothelial phenotype, were evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot analysis (WB) using primary antibodies to human α-SMA (dilution 1:50 for IF and 1:100 for WB, Dako Cytomation, Denmark) and to human CD31 (dilution 1:200 for IF and 1:1000 for WB, CellSignalling Technology, Denver, USA), in accordance with recent evidences [4, 5]. Data were obtained from four different experiments. <h3>Results</h3> After 6 days of treatment ET-1 induced the expression of α-SMA in cultures of HUVEC, which maintained their ability to express CD31. Interestingly, ET-1 induced the α-SMA expression also in cultures of HMVEC after 6 days of treatment, without modulating the expression of CD31 when compared to untreated cells and confirming the data obtained in HUVEC cultures. The results were obtained by IF and confirmed by WB. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These preliminary results show that ET-1 seems to induce the α-SMA expression in human endothelial cells thus supporting a possible direct involvement in promoting the EndoMT [2, 4–6]. The implications in the fibrotic process that characterise SSc are under evaluation [7]. <h3>References</h3> Wynn TA. <i>J Pathol</i> 2008; 214:199–210. Batthacharyya S. <i>et al</i>, <i>Nat Rev Rheumatol</i> 2012; 8:42–54. Piera-Velazquez S. <i>et al</i>, <i>Am J Pathol</i> 2011; 179:1074–80 Widyantoro B. <i>et al</i>, <i>Circulation</i> 2010; 8:2407–18. Kitao A. <i>et al</i>, <i>Am J Phatol</i> 2009; 175:616–26. Abraham D. <i>et al</i>, <i>Arthrit Res Ther</i> 2007; 9:doi.10.1186/ar2186. Soldano S. <i>et al</i>, <i>A&amp;R</i> 2012; 64 (Supplement):S640
Imaging of Angioendothelioma by Lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: L Mrhac, M Al-Sharhan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine* and Histopathology,† Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Received for publication October 4, 2000. Accepted April 4, 2001. Reprint requests: Dr. L. Mrhac, Strma 1/930, 73932 Vratimov, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]
S63 Use of NMR spectroscopy and nanospray mass spectrometry to characterise binding of lead compounds for drug design in 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: M.-P. Nyon, G. Levy, J. Kirkpatrick, U. Ekeowa, D. A. Lomas, L. D. Cabrita, J. Christodoulou, A. McKay, B. Gooptu
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Pathogenic mutations in the gene for α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin predispose to aberrant conformational transitions of the translated protein molecules resulting in their self-association to form polymer chains. Polymerisation causes circulating deficiency of α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin while predisposing to hepatic cirrhosis and severe, early-onset emphysema. Targeting the conformational transitions underlying polymerisation via ligand binding and stabilisation of the physiological native state is therefore a goal of drug design in α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency. To complement previous structure-led approaches we have developed NMR spectroscopy and nanospray mass spectrometry as medium-throughput screening tools for such ligands. The coupling of these techniques combines highly sensitive detection of ligand binding with assessment of binding sites, stoichiometry, cooperativity and binding constants. We have used the TTAI peptide, developed within an existing programme of drug design, as a test case. The data demonstrate highly co-operative, slow, tight binding of two copies of the peptide in adjacent parts of the α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin molecule. TTAI peptide binding is shown to induce widespread conformational change all over the molecule with the exception of β-sheet C. These data prove the utility of NMR spectroscopy and nanospray mass spectrometry in characterising ligand binding whilst providing a highly detailed template for use in specific screening for TTAI peptide-mimetic compounds.
Activating patients to manage their health can improve outcomes, study says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The United Kingdom could advance patient centred care by assessing how far people can manage their own health, analysts have said.

Better health outcomes and new ways of allocating NHS resources could stem from adopting a concept favoured in the United States known as patient activation, the researchers said.

Helen Gilburt, a King’s Fund health policy fellow and coauthor of a study on patient activation launched at the fund1 on 16 May, said, “Many people don’t understand the role they can play in managing their health. Patient activation highlights a whole new level of health inequalities we haven’t reached until now.”

The concept of patient activation describes the knowledge, skills, and confidence a person has in …
Tribunal suspends GP for extramarital affair with vulnerable former patient
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A GP whose extramarital affair with a vulnerable former patient was revealed by an anonymous local poster campaign has been suspended for 12 months by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.

David Evans, 55, of Leek, Staffordshire, began an affair with a woman identified only as Patient A in or around 2007. In 2010, after learning that the local primary care trust was investigating, he told his partners at the John Kelso Practice that he had had a sexual relationship with a patient, …
CORONARY LUMINAL ATTENUATION VALUE OF CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IDENTIFY CORONARY ARTERY SEVERE STENOSIS: COMPARISON BETWEEN CORONARY CTA AND SPECT
Authors: Nahoko Kato, Satoru Kishi, Tatsuyuki Sato, Kentaro Yasuhara, Koichi Furui, Yu Horiuchi, Shuzou Tanimoto, Jiro Aoki, Kenji Ibukuro, Kengo Tanabe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Taking refuge from modernity: 21st century hermits
Authors: I Boyd, Gj Rubin, S Wessely
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

Idiopathic environmental intolerances, such as ‘multiple chemical sensitivity’ and ‘electrosensitivity,’ can drastically affect the quality of life of those affected. A proportion of severely affected patients remove themselves from modern society, to live in isolation away from the purported causal agent of their ill health. This is not a new phenomenon; reports of hermits extend back to the 3rd century AD. We conducted a literature review of case reports relating to ancient hermits and modern day reclusion resulting from idiopathic environmental intolerance, in order to explore whether there are similarities between these two groups and whether the symptoms of these ‘illnesses of modernity’ are simply a present-day way of reaching the end-point of reclusion. Whilst there were some differences between the cases, recurring themes in ancient and modern cases included: dissatisfaction with society, a compulsion to flee, reports of a constant struggle and a feeling of fighting against the establishment. The similarities which exist between the modern-day cases and the historical hermits may provide some insight into the extreme behaviours exhibited by this population. The desire to retreat from society inorder to escape from harm has existed for many centuries, but in different guises.
Side Effects of Adjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Charles L. Shapiro, Abram Recht
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Women with primary invasive breast cancer receive both local and systemic treatment. Surgery and radiation therapy are local treatments given to reduce the risk of recurrent cancer in the breast, chest wall, and regional lymph nodes. In some cases, these local treatments may prevent the dissemination of cancer and may reduce mortality from breast cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapy and hormonal therapy are systemic treatments given after local treatment to reduce systemic recurrences and overall mortality from breast cancer. Recent guidelines from the National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference, the National Comprehensive Cancer Center Network, and other groups recommend adjuvant chemotherapy, tamoxifen, . . .
False-Negative FDG PET Imaging in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma and Ileal Intussusception
Authors: HALUK ALIBAZOGLU, BUKET ALIBAZOGLU, AMJAD ALI, GREGORY La MONICA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 34-year-old woman with a history of malignant melanoma had no FDG uptake in a large melanoma deposit in the small bowel on a whole-body scan. However, a large metastatic lesion was identified correctly in the liver.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a Patient With Type I Diabetes Presenting as Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Jose M Manzanares, Ignacio Conget, Camino Rodríguez-Villar, Dolors Tassies, Francisca Fernandez-Fernandez, Ricard Cervera, Isaac Levy, Ramon Gomis
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)
Abstract 4127: MiR-183/96/182 cluster confers cell motile advantages in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wilson Leung, Mian He, Priscilla Law, Arthur Ching, Anthony Chan, Nathalie Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Profilings of microRNA expressions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have highlighted common upregulations of the miR-183/96/182 cluster. We showed in this study concordant over-expression of miR-183, miR-96 and miR-182 can be frequently detected in primary HCC tumors (59%; n=47/80). In addition, miR-183/96/182 up-regulation correlated with metastatic features including presence of microvascular invasion (P&amp;lt;0.05) and advanced tumor differentiation (P&amp;lt;0.01), and poorer disease-free survival of patients (P&amp;lt;0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses further establish miR-183/96/182 over-expression as an independent prognostic factor (Relative Risk: 2.0471; P=0.0289). Functional knockdown of individual miR-183, miR-96 and miR-182 in two invasive HCC cells indicated significant inhibition on cell migration and invasion (P&amp;lt;0.01), although an effect on cell viability was not apparent. In silico TargetScan analysis showed putative target seed sequences of miR-183, miR-96 and miR-182 on the FOXO1 3′UTR. To verify the possible interaction between miR-183/96/182 and FOXO1 in HCC, we conducted Western blot analysis which showed knockdown of miR-183, miR-96 and miR-182 concomitantly enhanced FOXO1 protein expression. Subsequent reporter assay indicated knockdown of miR-183/96/182 could significantly augmented the luciferase signal of wild-type FOXO1 3′UTR but not mutant (P&amp;lt;0.01). Our finding highlighted over-expression of miR-183/96/182 as an independent prognostic predictor for HCC patients, and the oncogenic role of this miRNA cluster in promoting HCC cell motility, possibly via FOXO1 repression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4127. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4127
P224 The impact of implementing a collaborative antimicrobial ward round model within the Respiratory Directorate of a large university teaching hospital
Authors: S. E. Oliver, E. Hughes, P. Lal, D. C. Lees, R. P. Cooke, B. Chakrabarti
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) remains a considerable source of healthcare associated infection. A Department of Health briefing recommends all Trusts establish an antimicrobial management team (AMT) to develop an antibiotic stewardship programme aiming to reduce CDI rates through appropriate antibiotic prescribing.1 As a result, collaborative antimicrobial ward rounds were initiated in the Trust in May 2009. <h3>Aim</h3> To study the impact of collaborative ward rounds on antibiotic prescribing within the Respiratory Directorate. <h3>Method</h3> A weekly collaborative ward round model comprising of a Consultant microbiologist, Respiratory pharmacist and the Consultant Infection Control lead for the Respiratory Directorate was implemented across three acute respiratory wards (comprising 90 beds) in March 2011. Data were collected prospectively over a 6-week period between March and May 2011 using a standardised pro-forma. Patients prescribed antibiotics were identified using the Trust9s electronic prescribing system. During ward rounds, case notes and microbiology data including resistance patterns were reviewed. Treatment plans were discussed with respective clinical teams to facilitate the learning of junior medical staff. Each prescription was reviewed and recorded as appropriate if compliant with the following parameters; indication recorded, correct route, correct dose, course length documented, compliance with hospital formulary or microbiology results. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 156 antibiotic prescriptions were reviewed during the study period; 96 (62%) prescriptions were appropriate, 60 (38%) required intervention. Course lengths were documented for 29 (19%) prescriptions, 11 (7%) antibiotic prescriptions were discontinued, 9 (6%) antibiotic prescriptions were changed to more appropriate therapy and 6 (4%) intravenous antibiotics were switched to oral therapy and 5 (3%) antibiotic course lengths were extended. The defined daily doses (DDD) of antibiotics/1000 bed days over the two periods were 3544 in 2011 and 4335 in 2010 respectively (see Abstract P224 figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Implementation of a collaborative AMT was associated with an 18% reduction in antibiotic consumption (DDD/1000 bed days) between the two periods within the respiratory directorate of a large urban university teaching hospital.
Tumors: Wounds That Do Not Heal
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Lisa H. Underhill, Harold F. Dvorak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

SOLID tumors are composed of two discrete but interdependent compartments: the malignant cells themselves and the stroma that they induce and in which they are dispersed.1 , 2 In tumors of epithelialcell origin — carcinomas — a basement membrane is often interposed between the tumor cells and the stroma, but in other types of tumors, malignant cells directly abut on or intermingle with stromal elements.1 , 3 An appreciation of tumor stroma is essential to an understanding of the biology of tumor growth; all solid tumors, regardless of their site of origin, require stroma if they are to grow beyond a minimal size of . . .
Glutamine Oxidation Is Indispensable for Survival of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Shugo Tohyama, Jun Fujita, Takako Hishiki, Tomomi Matsuura, Fumiyuki Hattori, Rei Ohno, Hideaki Kanazawa, Tomohisa Seki, Kazuaki Nakajima, Yoshikazu Kishino, Marina Okada, Akinori Hirano, Takuya Kuroda, Satoshi Yasuda, Yoji Sato, Shinsuke Yuasa, Motoaki Sano, Makoto Suematsu, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2016)
Exophthalmos in a Woman with Lingual, Subhyoid and Lateral-Lobe Thyroid Glands
Authors: Paul G. Kuehn, Richard C. Newell, John F. Reed
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE diagnosis and management of a lump in the neck of a young patient can be a difficult problem. Inadvertent excision of functioning ectopic thyroid tissue in the tongue or subhyoid area when the mass in the neck is mistaken for a thyroglossal-duct cyst or some other entity can have serious consequences, for severe hypothyroidism can develop. As shown below, other complications can occur.This report is the first in English of a patient with exophthalmos and ectopic hyperplastic thyroid tissue occurring at the base of the tongue, in the subhyoid area and in the lateral thyroid lobe. Eleven cases . . .
Endoscopic ultrasound-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection of a gastric subepithelial tumor
Authors: L. Fujii, V. Gomez, L. Song, M. Levy
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

The malignant potential of subepithelial lesions is difficult to establish before resection. Concerns regarding endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of subepithelial lesions arising from the muscularis propria include adequacy of oncologic resection and perforation risk [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. We describe a case where precise endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided injection into the muscularis propria allowed complete endoscopic resection of a gastric subepithelial lesion otherwise deemed inappropriate for ESD due to the extent of involvement of the muscularis propria.
POOR PREDICTIVE VALUES OF INFERIOR WALL DEFECTS IN SUPINE MYOCARDIAL SPECT IMAGING.
Authors: Hazem H. Chehabi, Edwin C. Glass, John J. Coyle, Martin A. Josephson, Jerome L. Faversham, William H. Blahd
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Chehabi, Hazem H.; Glass, Edwin C.; Coyle, John J. Jr; Josephson, Martin A.; Faversham, Jerome L.; Blahd, William H. Author Information
Tl-201 Chloride and Tc-99m ECD Brain SPECT in Lymphoma With and Without Massive Necrosis
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, MALKANTHIE I. McCORMICK, DIANNE WILSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 65-year-old man who had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was being treated for cryptococcal meningitis presented with a new onset weakness of the right arm and unsteadiness of gait. Tl-201 chloride brain SPECT showed increased uptake in the right frontal and right cerebellum an enhanced lesion in the left temporoparietal region on CT and MRI was not shown by Tl-201 brain SPECT, but was shown on Tc-99m ethylenediylbis cysteine ester dihydrochloride (ECD). The second MRI performed 6 days after the Tc-99m ECD study showed a marked increase in the size of the right cerebellar lesion, a new right anterior frontal lesion and corpus callosum and increased size of the caudate and anterior commissure. Nine days after the second MRI, the patient died. At autopsy, multiple lymphomas in the brain that coincided with the enhanced lesions identified by the MRI study. Lymphomas with extensive necrosis involving the temporoparietal region can mimic cerebral infarcts as was visible on CT, MRI, and Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT. The perfusion defect on Tc-99m ECD reflected space occupying lesions of necrotic lymphoma that showed absent Tl-201 uptake. Thus, the differential diagnosis of a cerebral mass lesion with absent Tl-201 uptake accompanied with perfusion defects on Tc-99m ECD must also include a tumor with massive necrosis.
OC-137 Is research declining among gastroenterology trainees?: Abstract OC-137 Figure 1
Authors: M Kurien, A D Hopper, J Barker, M F Peerally, E J Lunn, D S Sanders
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> UK gastroenterology training programmes have undergone significant changes over recent years. Currently, little is known about the impact this may have had upon trainees9 research experience. This study evaluates research trends among gastroenterology trainees over a 15-year period by assessing publication rates and number of higher degrees attained by trainees at the time they are appointed to NHS consultant posts. <h3>Methods</h3> All consultant appointments and their previous place of training were identified between February 1993 and December 2008 (courtesy of the BSG). The number and type of publications of each consultant was collected using PubMed &amp; Embase databases. An 18-month lag time was allowed post consultant appointment to allow for potential time delays between submission and publication. The consultant name was then either; matched with their entry in the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) handbook, medical directory or an individuals9 department contacted and higher degree noted. Consultant appointment to either teaching hospital (TH) or district general hospital (DGH) was collected and data analysed using Microsoft Excel. <h3>Results</h3> Over the 15-year period, 825 consultant appointments were made. We excluded consultant-to-consultant transfers and appointments to or from academic posts (n=126). Also excluded were trainees who had subsequently left the UK or the medical register (n=146). Of the 553 appointments, 267 (48%) were appointed to TH posts and 45% (249/553) were appointed to posts within the region they trained. There is a significant decreasing trend in the median number of publications by gastroenterology trainees9 prior to their NHS consultant appointment from 19 in 1993 to four in 2008, correlation co-efficient R<sup>2</sup>=0.81 (r=−0.90, df=14, p=&lt;0.001, Abstract OC-137 figure 1). Mean publication rates of consultants appointed to TH9s posts (10.1, n=267) were higher than DGH consultants (7.37, n=286) (p=0.0012), with differences also seen when comparing higher degrees of TH consultants with DGH consultants (53.2% vs 22.1%, p=0.017). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates a significant decreasing trend in the number of publications obtained by a gastroenterology trainee at time of their appointment to an NHS consultant post. This could act as a tool in assessing academic activity among trainees. Our data would support interventions to promote academic training in postgraduate training programmes. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.