tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From consensus to action: knowledge transfer, education and influencing policy on sports concussion
Authors: Christine Provvidenza, Lars Engebretsen, Charles Tator, Jamie Kissick, Paul McCrory, Allen Sills, Karen M Johnston
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

To: (1) provide a review of knowledge transfer (KT) and related concepts; (2) look at the impact of traditional and emerging KT strategies on concussion knowledge and education; (3) discuss the value and impact of KT to organisations and concussion-related decision making and (4) make recommendations for the future of concussion education.Qualitative literature review of KT and concussion education literature.PubMed, Medline and Sport Discus databases were reviewed and an internet search was conducted. The literature search was restricted to articles published in the English language, but not restricted to any particular years. Altogether, 67 journal articles, 21 websites, 1 book and 1 report were reviewed.The value of KT as part of concussion education is increasingly becoming recognised. Target audiences benefit from specific learning strategies. Concussion tools exist, but their effectiveness and impact require further evaluation. The media is valuable in drawing attention to concussion, but efforts need to ensure that the public is aware of the right information. Social media as a concussion education tool is becoming more prominent. Implementation of KT models is one approach which organisations can use to assess knowledge gaps; identify, develop and evaluate education strategies and use the outcomes to facilitate decision-making.Implementing KT strategies requires a defined plan. Identifying the needs, learning styles and preferred learning strategies of target audiences, coupled with evaluation, should be a piece of the overall concussion education puzzle to have an impact on enhancing knowledge and awareness.
PINK1-Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy is involved in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cellular senescence in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC)
Authors: Saburo Ito, Hiromichi Hara, Jun Araya, Kenji Kobayashi, Hiroshi Wakui, Yutaka Yoshii, Naoki Takasaka, Satoko Fujii, Chikako Tsurushige, Jun Kojima, Kenichiro Shimizu, Takeo Ishikawa, Takanori Numata, Makoto Kawaishi, Keisuke Saito, Yumi Kaneko, Katsutoshi Nakayama, Kazuyoshi Kuwano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction:  Cigarette smoke-induced cellular senescence has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Damaged mitochondria are a primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is thought to play an important role in cellular senescence. Mitophagy, the selective degradation of mitochondria, may play a pivotal role for removal of CSE-induced damaged mitochondria, while Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediates ubiquitination that is critical for mitophagic recognition.   Methods:  Using HBEC, senescence associated beta-galactosidase staining and western blotting (WB) of p21 were performed to evaluate cellular senescence. To characterize autophagy and mitochondrial damage, WB of p62 and ubiquitin, fluorescence microscopy of MitoTracker and electron microscopy were performed. Intracellular ROS production was evaluated by dichlorodihydrofluorescein and MitoSOX.   Results:  CSE induced senescence and increase of damaged mitochondria was observed. A mitochondria-targeted antioxidant showed mitochondrial oxidative stress was mainly responsible for CSE-induced senescence. Bafilomycin A, an autophagy inhibitor, enhanced CSE-induced ubiquitination and accumulation of p62 in the mitochondria. Parkin knockdown decreased CSE-induced ubiquitination and accumulation of p62, and also enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress accompanied by acceleration of cellular senescence. Decreased Parkin levels were detected in lung homogenates from COPD patients.   Conclusion:  Parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a key role in CSE-induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence through the degradation of damaged mitochondria in HBEC.
THE SEROLOGIC SPECIFICITY OF TROPOCOLLAGEN TELOPEPTIDES
Authors: Peter F. Davison, Lawrence Levine, Maurice P. Drake, Albert Rubin, Susan Bump
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Tropocollagen preparations from carp, buffalo fish, rats, calves, sheep, and humans have been studied by electron microscopy and serologic methods. Tropocollagens from each species appeared identical by electron microscopy but they were readily distinguished (except between sheep and calves) by C'-fixation tests with rabbit antisera against the various tropocollagens. Tests with calf tropocollagen antiserum showed no distinction between tropocollagen isolated from different tissues nor between individuals of the same or different strains. The major immunogenic sites in native tropocollagen are the telopeptides, and these are present on both α1- and α2-chains. The C'-fixing activity was lost with heat denaturation of the tropocollagen, but could be recovered in a concentration-dependent process on cooling. The fact that pure and enzyme-treated collagen can provoke serologic reaction implies that collagenous sutures and prostheses used in surgery may lead to sensitization and rejection, a fact which may merit clinical concern.
Anaphylactic shock depends on endothelial Gq/G11
Authors: Hanna Korhonen, Beate Fisslthaler, Alexandra Moers, Angela Wirth, Daniel Habermehl, Thomas Wieland, Günther Schütz, Nina Wettschureck, Ingrid Fleming, Stefan Offermanns
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction involving multiple organs including the bronchial and cardiovascular system. Most anaphylactic mediators, like platelet-activating factor (PAF), histamine, and others, act through G protein–coupled receptors, which are linked to the heterotrimeric G proteins Gq/G11, G12/G13, and Gi. The role of downstream signaling pathways activated by anaphylactic mediators in defined organs during anaphylactic reactions is largely unknown. Using genetic mouse models that allow for the conditional abrogation of Gq/G11- and G12/G13-mediated signaling pathways by inducible Cre/loxP-mediated mutagenesis in endothelial cells (ECs), we show that Gq/G11-mediated signaling in ECs is required for the opening of the endothelial barrier and the stimulation of nitric oxide formation by various inflammatory mediators as well as by local anaphylaxis. The systemic effects of anaphylactic mediators like histamine and PAF, but not of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are blunted in mice with endothelial Gαq/Gα11 deficiency. Mice with endothelium-specific Gαq/Gα11 deficiency, but not with Gα12/Gα13 deficiency, are protected against the fatal consequences of passive and active systemic anaphylaxis. This identifies endothelial Gq/G11-mediated signaling as a critical mediator of fatal systemic anaphylaxis and, hence, as a potential new target to prevent or treat anaphylactic reactions.
The Impact of Oral Corticosteroid Use on Bone Mineral Density and Vertebral Fracture
Authors: Lesley J. Walsh, Sarah A. Lewis, Conroy A. Wong, Susan Cooper, Janet Oborne, Susan A. Cawte, Timothy Harrison, Desmond J. Green, Michael Pringle, Richard Hubbard, Anne E. Tattersfield
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The use of oral corticosteroids is associated with an increased risk of fracture, but there is limited information on the relationship between corticosteroid dose, bone mineral density (BMD), and fracture. We examined this relationship in a community population (more than 50 years) taking oral corticosteroids for chronic lung disease. Details of corticosteroid use and lifestyle were obtained by questionnaire, general practice records, and patient interview. BMD was assessed at the lumbar spine and femur and vertebral fracture by morphometric X-ray absorptiometry. Of the 117 patients who participated (median age, 69), 48% were female. Fifty-eight percent had osteoporosis (a T score of less than −2.5), and 61% had a vertebral fracture. The presence of vertebral fracture was related to BMD at the femoral neck, with an odds ratio of 1.6 for a 1 SD reduction in BMD. The cumulative prednisolone dose ranged from 3.4 to 175 g and was strongly associated with vertebral fracture, with the odds ratio between the highest and lowest dose quartiles being 4.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.04, 18.8). The difference in femoral neck BMD between the same dose quartiles was only modest, however (0.5 SD; 95% confidence interval, 0.09, 0.94). In patients taking long-term oral corticosteroids for chronic lung disease, the relationship between vertebral fracture risk and BMD is similar to that seen in other populations. Cumulative prednisolone dose is strongly related to fracture risk, and this effect is independent of its more modest impact on BMD.
Prosecutors have taken no action over cases of suspected assisted suicide since new guidance was issued
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

No prosecutions for assisting suicide have taken place in England and Wales since new guidance was introduced last year, new figures show.

Since the introduction of new guidance in February 2010 around 30 people who were suspected of assisted suicide have been referred to the Crown Prosecution Service, but no prosecutions have so far followed.

Figures from the Crown Prosecution Service show that 19 cases of suspected assisted suicide were referred from the police in 2009-10, all of which, apart from one case that was withdrawn, resulted in no further action.

In 2010-11 there were 18 cases, of which two are still under review. The police withdrew three, and the remaining …
Bowen's disease showing spontaneous complete regression associated with apoptosis
Authors: M Chisiki, A Kawada, M Akiyama, Y Itoh, S Tajima, A Ishibashi, F Yudate
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Spontaneous regression is sometimes seen in malignant skin tumours. We report a 68-year-old woman whose Bowen's disease showed spontaneous complete regression. Prominent infiltration of T cells and increased vascularity were found in the upper dermis of the regressed lesion. Strong expression of Fas (APO-1/CD95) antigen, an apoptosis-related tumour necrosis factor receptor family protein, in the primary lesion and faint expression following regression suggest the involvement of Fas-mediated apoptosis in the spontaneous complete regression of our patient's Bowen's disease.
Antibiotic-resistant acne: lessons from Europe
Authors: J.I. Ross, A.M. Snelling, E. Carnegie, P. Coates, W.J. Cunliffe, V. Bettoli, G. Tosti, A. Katsambas, J.I. Galvan Perez Del Pulgar, O. Rollman, L. TOrOk, E.A. Eady, J.H. Cove
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Antibiotic‐resistant acne: lessons from Europe Get access J.I. Ross, J.I. Ross Division of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Snelling, A.M. Snelling Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Carnegie, E. Carnegie Division of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Coates, P. Coates Division of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. Cunliffe, W.J. Cunliffe Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Bettoli, V. Bettoli Department of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Tosti, G. Tosti Department of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Katsambas, A. Katsambas Department of Dermatology, A.Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.I. Galvan Peréz Del Pulgar, J.I. Galvan Peréz Del Pulgar Clinic of Dermatology, Malaga, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Rollman, O. Rollman Department of Dermatology, Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more L. TÖrÖk, L. TÖrÖk Department of Dermatology, County Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.A. Eady, E.A. Eady Division of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.H. Cove J.H. Cove Division of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K Dr J.H.Cove. E‐mail: j.h.cove@leeds.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 3, 1 March 2003, Pages 467–478, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05067.x Published: 01 March 2003 Article history Accepted: 17 June 2002 Published: 01 March 2003
Fractional analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology in cystic fibrosis patients with normal lung function
Authors: F Ratjen, E Rietschel, M Griese, M Ballmann, I Kleinau, G Doring, D Reinhardt, K Paul
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with a neutrophil dominated airway inflammation. So far bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) studies in CF have used pooled BAL samples which may be more representative of the alveolar compartment rather than the airways. To assess whether the first sample of a BAL is more sensitive in the evaluation of airway inflammation, the authors have studied 105 stable CF patients aged 5-37 yrs with a mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 96+/-15% (mean+/-SD). BAL cytology of the first and pooled samples were compared to reference values obtained in children without respiratory disease. Absolute cell counts and the percentage of neutrophils were significantly increased in CF patients. If the 95% confidence interval was used as a cut-off point, 17/105 CF patients had a normal percentage of neutrophils in pooled BAL samples, but only three also had a normal percentage of neutrophils in the first BAL aliquot. Therefore, neutrophil dominated airway inflammation is more pronounced in the first, mainly bronchial, bronchoalveolar lavage sample suggesting that sequential analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may have a higher sensitivity to detect early inflammatory changes in CF patients.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Ischemic Limbs
Authors: Judah Folkman
Journal: Circulation (1998)

n this issue of Circulation, Baumgartner et al 1 report a significant advance in angiogenic gene therapy.The authors induced collateral neovascularization in 10 critically ischemic limbs in 9 patients by the intramuscular gene transfer of naked plasmid DNA encoding the 165-amino-acid isoform of the human angiogenic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor (phVEGF 165 ).The plasmid DNA was injected directly into the muscle of ischemic limbs.Anatomic and functional efficacy was demonstrated by increased serum levels of VEGF, improved hemodynamic measurements and angiographic evaluation, reduced pain, increased healing of ischemic ulcers, limb salvage, and immunohistochemical evidence of proliferating endothelial cells in tissue specimens.The authors emphasize that this is the first medical therapy to achieve an increase in limb perfusion that is equivalent to or greater than successful surgical or percutaneous intervention.
Weight loss and asthma: a systematic review
Authors: I U Eneli, T Skybo, C A Camargo
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Epidemiological studies first demonstrated the association between obesity and asthma and they have begun to provide additional evidence to support causality: a dose–effect relationship, consistency across studies (especially among women) and the correct temporal order (ie, obesity before asthma). To date, relatively few studies have addressed reversibility, an important but less frequently demonstrated epidemiological criterion of causality. Reversibility suggests that if excessive weight is a risk factor for asthma, then reducing body weight should decrease the prevalence of asthma, or at least decrease asthma related symptoms or health care utilisation. We performed a systematic review on weight loss and asthma, based on searches between January 1966 and January 2007 of both PubMed and the Cochrane Clinical Trial Database. Of the 15 relevant studies, asthma was the primary outcome in only five. Only one study was conducted in children. Regardless of the type of intervention (surgical vs medical), all 15 studies noted an improvement in at least one asthma outcome after weight loss. The improvement was noted across studies that differed in sample age, gender or country of origin. The heterogeneity of the interventions and outcomes precluded quantitative synthesis. We briefly review the role of specific factors (eg, gastro-oesophageal reflux) in the weight loss–asthma association, and potential directions for future research.
Insight and Its Relationship to Violent Behavior in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Peter F Buckley, Debra R Hrouda, Lee Friedman, Stephen G Noffsinger, Philip J Resnick, Kelly Camlin-Shingler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Lack of insight affects the management of schizophrenia. The interrelationship between lack of insight and illness attributes in patients with schizophrenia who commit violent acts is important and underresearched. METHOD: One hundred fifteen violent patients with schizophrenia in a jail or court psychiatric clinic were evaluated on measures of symptoms, illness severity, insight into illness, and the legal consequences of their illness ("forensic insight"). A sample of nonviolent patients served as a comparison group. RESULTS: Compared with the nonviolent cohort, violent patients were more symptomatic, had poorer functioning, and had a more prominent lack of insight. Deficits of insight into illness coexisted with a lack of forensic insight, which was also associated with psychosis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia who commit violent acts have insight deficits, including lack of awareness of the legal implications of their behavior. Targeted interventions to improve insight and treatment compliance in this population are warranted.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Calcitriol in Severe Sepsis
Authors: David E. Leaf, Anas Raed, Michael W. Donnino, Adit A. Ginde, Sushrut S. Waikar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Vitamin D and its metabolites have potent immunomodulatory effects in vitro, including up-regulation of cathelicidin, a critical antimicrobial protein.Objectives: We investigated whether administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) to critically ill patients with sepsis would have beneficial effects on markers of innate immunity, inflammation, and kidney injury.Methods: We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, physiologic study among 67 critically ill patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Patients were randomized to receive a single dose of calcitriol (2 μg intravenously) versus placebo. The primary outcome was plasma cathelicidin protein levels assessed 24 hours after study drug administration. Secondary outcomes included leukocyte cathelicidin mRNA expression, plasma cytokine levels (IL-10, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-2), and urinary kidney injury markers.Measurements and Main Results: Patients randomized to calcitriol (n = 36) versus placebo (n = 31) had similar plasma cathelicidin protein levels at 24 hours (P = 0.16). Calcitriol-treated patients had higher cathelicidin (P = 0.04) and IL-10 (P = 0.03) mRNA expression than placebo-treated patients 24 hours after study drug administration. Plasma cytokine levels (IL-10, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-2) and urinary kidney injury markers were similar in calcitriol- versus placebo-treated patients (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Calcitriol had no effect on clinical outcomes nor were any adverse effects observed.Conclusions: Calcitriol administration did not increase plasma cathelicidin protein levels in critically ill patients with sepsis and had mixed effects on other immunomodulatory markers. Additional phase II trials investigating the dose and timing of calcitriol as a therapeutic agent in specific sepsis phenotypes may be warranted.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01689441).
Iron, lactoferrin and iron regulatory protein activity in the synovium; relative importance of iron loading and the inflammatory response
Authors: C Guillen, I B McInnes, H Kruger, J H Brock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To determine the ability of lactoferrin in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid to bind “free” iron, and to study the regulatory mechanisms therein that control iron homeostasis. <h3>METHODS</h3> “Free” iron was determined by the bleomycin assay and lactoferrin concentrations by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The activities of iron regulatory protein (IRP) and NF-κB in synovial fluid cells were assayed by mobility shift assay. <h3>RESULTS</h3> 30% of synovial fluids contained “free” iron and in these, lactoferrin concentrations were significantly lower than in those with no “free” iron (p&lt;0.01). Addition of exogenous lactoferrin consistently reduced the amount of “free” iron in positive synovial fluids. IRP activity in synovial cells did not correlate with synovial fluid iron concentrations but did correlate with NF-κB activation and with serum C reactive protein. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Lactoferrin may prevent iron mediated tissue damage in RA by reducing “free” synovial iron concentration when inflammatory stimuli have disregulated IRP mediated iron homeostasis.
Family History Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Secondary Psychotic Symptoms
Authors: Frederic J Sautter, John Cornwell, Janet J Johnson, Justin Wiley, Stephen V Faraone
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: A family history approach was used to determine if posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with secondary psychotic symptoms was associated with a familial vulnerability to schizophrenia and other psychoses. METHOD: Family history methods were used to compare rates of familial psychopathology in the first-degree relatives of three proband groups: 1) patients with DSM-IV PTSD with secondary psychotic symptoms, 2) patients with DSM-IV PTSD without psychotic symptoms, and 3) healthy matched comparison subjects. RESULTS: PTSD with secondary psychotic symptoms was not associated with an excess of familial psychotic disorder but was associated with a higher morbid risk for depression. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD with secondary psychotic symptoms was not associated with familial psychosis, suggesting it does not reflect the presence of an underlying psychotic disorder.