tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ELECTROGASTROGRAM AND WHAT IT SHOWS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

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Abstract 19376: Coronary CT Angiography Performed in the Emergency Department in Chest Pain Patients is Effective in Identifying Patients who Require Revascularization
Authors: Sheena Prakash, Ahmad Shaker, Veena Lingam, Arun Gopal, Robert Reilly, Allen Jeremias, Szilard Voros, Michael Poon
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: The high sensitivity and negative predictive value of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has been demonstrated in several multi-center studies; however little is known about downstream evaluation and revascularization in patients admitted to the hospital based on CCTA. We hypothesized that CCTA would be an effective testing modality in identifying patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) requiring revascularization. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of consecutive low-risk patients (TIMI risk score 3 or less) undergoing CCTA in the ED for chest pain during a 6-month period. CCTA was performed using institutional protocols; stenoses were graded semi-quantitatively as none, mild, moderate or severe; most severe lesion per patient was recorded. Downstream non-invasive and invasive evaluation and revascularization via either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft was extracted from charts. Results: There were 902 patients who had a CCTA study performed in the ER, of which 105 (11.6%) were admitted for further testing. Non-invasive testing was the initial strategy in 60% and angiography in 40% of patients (Figure). Of those with normal or mild stenosis, only 2 of 11 had revascularization. Of those with intermediate stenosis, 14 out of 65 (21.5%), and of those with severe stenosis, 22 of 29 (75.9%) required revascularization. In multivariate analysis, clinical characteristics did not, but stenosis severity by CCTA predicted revascularization (OR 3.53, 95% CI:1.59-7.80). Conclusion: CCTA appears to be an effective tool in triaging low-risk patients for downstream evaluation and revascularization procedures.
Widespread and Adaptive Alterations in Genome-Wide Gene Expression Associated with Ecological Divergence of Two<i>Oryza</i>Species
Authors: Jie Guo, Rong Liu, Lei Huang, Xiao-Ming Zheng, Ping-Li Liu, Yu-Su Du, Zhe Cai, Lian Zhou, Xing-Hua Wei, Fu-Min Zhang, Song Ge
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Ecological speciation is a common mechanism by which new species arise. Despite great efforts, the role of gene expression in ecological divergence and speciation is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a genome-wide gene expression investigation of two Oryza species that are evolutionarily young and distinct in ecology and morphology. Using digital gene expression technology and the paired-end RNA sequencing method, we obtained 21,415 expressed genes across three reproduction-related tissues. Of them, approximately 8% (1,717) differed significantly in expression levels between the two species and these differentially expressed genes are randomly distributed across the genome. Moreover, 62% (1,064) of the differentially expressed genes exhibited a signature of directional selection in at least one species. Importantly, the genes with differential expression between species evolved more rapidly at the 5′ flanking sequences than the genes without differential expression relative to coding sequences, suggesting that cis-regulatory changes are likely adaptive and play an important role in the ecological divergence of the two species. Finally, we showed evidence of significant differentiation between species in phenotype traits and observed that genes with differential expression were overrepresented with functional terms involving phenotypic and ecological differentiation between the two species, including reproduction- and stress-related characteristics. Our findings demonstrate that ecological speciation is associated with widespread and adaptive alterations in genome-wide gene expression and provide new insights into the importance of regulatory evolution in ecological speciation in plants.
Metastatic uterine sarcoma: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: S. Kanjeekal, A. Chambers, M. Fung Kee Fung, S. Verma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5105 Background: Uterine sarcomas are rare and management of metastatic disease often conforms to treatment practice for other metastatic soft tissue sarcomas. We have conducted a systematic review of systemic chemotherapy in the management of metastatic uterine sarcoma. Methods: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases, as well as the proceedings from ASCO, were searched for articles that were (1) systematic reviews, practice guidelines, meta-analysis, or randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing treatment regimens for metastatic uterine sarcoma or (2) prospective phase II trials or retrospective reviews reporting the effects of treatment for > 20 patients. Efficacy (response rate, progression free and overall survival) and toxicity were evaluated. Results: Three RCTs and 21 prospective phase II trials were identified that met the search criteria. The overall response rate (RR) for single agent doxorubicin (D) was 19% for all sub-types of metastatic uterine sarcomas. D combined with either dimethyl triazenoimidazole carboxamide (DTIC) or cyclophosphamide compared to D alone showed no survival benefit and there was increased toxicity with combination treatment. The two most active single agents for first-line treatment of mixed mesodermal tumours (MMT) were ifosfamide (I) (RR=39% and cisplatinum (C) (RR=19%). In an RCT of first-line treatment of MMT, the combination of I and C compared to I alone, resulted in a higher RR (57% versus 39%) and a small improvement in progression-free survival (6.0 vs 4.0 months, p=0.02). However, there was also greater toxicity and no significant improvement in overall survival. A small phase II study of second-line therapy in patients with leiomyosarcoma (LMS) treated with the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel reported a RR of 53% and a relatively mild toxicity profile. Pooled efficacy and toxicity data will be presented. Conclusions: There is a paucity of high quality RCTs that examine the role of systemic therapy in patients with metastatic uterine sarcoma. Patients and practitioners should be encouraged to take part in such trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The impact of lymphadenectomy in women with endometrioid uterine cancer: A study of 39,396 women
Authors: N. Karnik Lee, H. Wu, M. K. Cheung, K. Osann, A. Husain, N. N. Teng, J. S. Berek, D. S. Kapp, J. K. Chan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

5000 Background: To determine the potential benefit of lymphadenectomy (LNX) during surgical staging procedure in women with early and advanced endometrioid uterine cancers. Methods: Demographic and clinico-pathologic information were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program from 1988 to 2001. Data were analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Of 39,396 women (median age: 65; range 19–102) with endometrioid uterine cancers, 12,333 (31.3%) underwent a surgical staging procedure with LNX. The remainder received a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy only. 34,871 (88.5%) were Caucasian, 1,742 (4.4%) were African-American, 1,841 (4.7%) were Asian and 942 (2.4%) were other. The 5-year disease-specific survivals (DSS) were 93.3%, 85.4%, 69.3%, and 38.3% in patients with FIGO stage I-IV diseases, respectively. The 5-year DSS of stage I-IV women who underwent LNX were 95.5%, 90.4%, 73.0%, and 53.3% compared to 96.6%, 82.3%, 61.2%, and 28.2% in those without LNX. Those with stage II (p &lt; 0.001), III (p &lt; 0.001), and IV (p &lt; 0.001) diseases after LNX had significantly better survival; however, the benefit of LNX was not demonstrated in stage I disease. The proportion of stage I patients with grade I histology or tumors limited to the endometrium was significantly higher in those who did not receive LNX compared to those who did (54.8% vs. 34.7%; p &lt; 0.001 for grade I disease; 26.6% vs. 15.9%; p &lt; 0.001 for non-myometrial invasion). In stage I grade 3 endometrioid uterine cancer, patients with LNX had a better 5-year DSS than those without LNX (90.0% vs. 84.97%; p = 0.0001); however, these findings were not seen in grade I (p = 0.26) and grade II (p = 0.14) diseases. In the subset of patients with stage IC grade 3 disease, there was a trend toward an improvement in survival associated with LNX (81.7% vs. 76.5%; p = 0.07). In the overall study group, younger age, African-American race, advanced stage disease, grade 3 histology, and lymphadenectomy. Conclusions: Our data suggest that lymphadenectomy improves the survival of women with stage I grade 3, stage II-IV endometrioid uterine cancers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Changes in cognitive function in postmenopausal women 1 year after completing adjuvant letrozole or tamoxifen in the Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 trial.
Authors: K. Ribi, J. Aldridge, K. Phillips, Z. Sun, A. M. Thompson, V. J. Harvey, B. Thürlimann, F. Cardoso, A. S. Coates, J. Bernhard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

527 Background: Endocrine therapy for breast cancer (BC) may affect cognition. Methods: In BIG 1-98, postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive, early-stage BC were randomized to receive either A) tamoxifen (TAM) for 5 years, B) letrozole (LET) for 5 years, C) TAM for 2 years followed by LET for 3 years, or D) LET for 2 years followed by TAM for 3 years, as adjuvant endocrine treatment. During the 5th year of trial treatment and 1 year after treatment completion (year 6), objective cognitive function (speed of psychomotor function, visual attention, working and verbal memory, learning) was evaluated by computerized tests. Scores for each domain and time point were standardized according to age-specific norms (z scores). The primary objectives of this prospective analysis were to evaluate if there is improvement in cognitive function 1 year after cessation of adjuvant endocrine therapy (N = 96; no extended endocrine therapy), using Wilcoxon signed-rank test; and if there is a difference in change in cognitive function 1 year after cessation of adjuvant endocrine therapy between patients taking TAM for the last 3 of 5 years of the trial (A and D, N = 42) versus patients taking LET for the last 3 of 5 years of the trial (B and C, N = 54), using 2-way ANOVA controlling for language. Results: There was a significant improvement in the change in composite score from year 5 to year 6 (median = 0.22, range = -0.81 - 1.74, p < 0.0001) for all patients. This improvement was significant for each performance task, and within both TAM (p = 0.0001) and LET (p = 0.0005) cohorts. The difference in the change in composite score between treatments was not significant (difference = -0.05, 95% CI = -0.245 to 0.146, p = 0.62). Conclusions: For postmenopausal patients who received either adjuvant LET or TAM, cognitive function appears to improve 1 year after cessation of treatment. The change from year 5 to 6 does not differ according to treatment. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Novartis Novartis Novartis Novartis
Bone mineral density in women with breast cancer
Authors: O. Karakoyun Celik, Y. Turan, Z. Kocaaga, A. Gürgan, A. Duransoy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

11580 Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients who received chemotherapy for breast cancer. Methods: Twenty-six patients with breast cancer and 21 normal healthy controls were recruited into the study. All patients were treated with six cycles of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil or CAF or EC chemotherapy and 22 (84.6%) patients were received radiotherapy. Median follow-up after chemotherapy was 29.5 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femoral area was measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorbtiometry (DXA). Short Form- 36 (SF- 36) questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. Results: The median age of the study group and control group were 50 and 56, respectively. The mean lumbar area BMD value was significantly lower in patients with breast cancer (mean 0.9381; SD; 0.1503) than in normal controls (mean 1.0660; SD: 0.1920) (P=0.017). There were no significant differences in femoral neck (P=0.511), femoral trochanter (P=0.392) and femoral wards BMD measurements between the groups. Osteoporosis was significantly higher in patients whose age younger than 50 during chemotherapy (p=0.008). Osteoporosis was more significant after 24 months of last chemotherapy than the first 12 months (p=0.04). The most affected domain of the SF-36 was the physical role in patients with breast cancer. Conclusions: Adjuvant chemotherapy increases the risk of osteoporosis in the lumbar spine of women who are under follow-up for breast cancer. Osteoporosis and osteopenia should be investigated in the follow-ups in order to improve the quality of life of the surviving breast cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
2-year overall survival (OS) results of a phase II trial of elesclomol (formerly STA-4783) and paclitaxel in stage IV metastatic melanoma (MM)
Authors: D. H. Lawson, R. Gonzalez, R. W. Weber, L. F. Hutchins, C. M. Anderson, K. N. Williams, S. Kong, E. Jacobson, S. J. O’Day
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20023 Background: Elesclomol is a novel small-molecule oxidative stress inducer known to synergize with taxanes and certain other chemotherapeutics. Methods: This 2:1 randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter study compared 213 mg/m2 elesclomol co- infused with 80 mg/m2 paclitaxel (E+P) versus paclitaxel alone (P). Patients (pts) received 4-week cycles of once weekly E+P or P for 3 weeks and 1 week's rest until disease progression. Eligible pts with Stage IV MM and 1 or 0 prior chemotherapies were evaluated every 8 weeks for progression by RECIST criteria. P-treated pts were eligible for post-progression crossover to E+P. This trial met its primary endpoint, demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival. We now report the results of 2-year OS follow-up data. Results: At 21 sites, a total of 81 subjects were randomized to E+P (53 pts) or P (28 pts). The median duration of study medication exposure was 102.0 d for E+P pts and 43.5 d for P pts. Of pts progressed on P, 19 crossed over to E+P. Adverse events for E+P-treated pts were typical of P use, with slight/moderate incidence increases in hypoesthesia, neutropenia, stomatitis, arthralgia, and fatigue for E+P pts. Conclusions: The E+P safety profile was tolerable and similar to P alone. Crossover may have confounded OS comparison; nonetheless, median and 2-year OS results for E+P pts warrant further study of E+P in MM. A multinational Phase 3 trial of E+P versus P (SYMMETRYSM) is now enrolling. Group* E+P P** P (Crossover) P (No Crossover) N 53 28 19 9 Median OS † 11.9 mo 7.8 mo 14.3 mo 5.6 mo (95% CI) (8.5–17.7) (5.7–16.0) (6.9–20.5) (2.3–6.1) 1-year OS † 49% 43% 53% 22% 2- year OS † 27% 21% 26% NE Median OS follow-up time ‡ 24.8 mo 26.5 mo 26.9 mo 22.0 mo * Intent-to-Treat; ** of these, 19/28 crossed over to E+P; † from date randomized; ‡ for censored subjects Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Synta Synta Synta Synta Synta
FISH+CD34+CD38- Cells Detected In Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Can Predict The Clinical Outcome
Authors: Libing Wang, Xiaoxia Hu, Lei Gao, Sheng Xu, Shenglan Gong, Li Chen, Shuqing Lü, Jie Chen, Huiying Qiu, Xiaoqian Xu, Xiong Ni, Xianmin Song, Weiping Zhang, Jianmin Yang, Min Liu, Jianmin Wang
Journal: Blood (2013)
Azurin, highly potent and selective anticancer agent for breast cancer
Authors: T. Yamada, R. Mehta, D. Majumdar, A. M. Chakrabarty, T. K. Das Gupta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

13106 Background: The use of live or attenuated pathogenic bacteria in the treatment of cancer dates back to the late nineteen hundreds when William B. Coley first reported that inducing Streptococcal infection resulted in tumor regression. However, the hazards of using live bacteria are obvious. Similarly, the results of using attenuated bacteria have been spotty and enthusiasm for it has waxed and waned. Recently, we have shown that redox protein azurin (14 kDa) secreted by an opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is not only cytotoxic to cancer cells in vitro but also produces tumor regression in athymic mice without producing any toxicity (PNAS, 99, 14098–14103, 2002; Science’s STKE, 158, tw416, 2002). Methods: In this study, we show the effect of 1mg/kg of azurin injected i.p. starting 72 hours after inoculation of 5x10 7 MCF-7 breast cancer cells in estradiol pretreated nude mice for 28 days (n = 20, control = 10, azurin-treated = 10). Results: Univariate analysis of the data showed the difference in tumor growth rates between control animals and azurin-treated animals was significant. For instance, 22 days after the start of treatment, the mean tumor volume in azurin-treated animals was only 22% of the mean tumor volume in the control mice (i.e., 0.0267 cm 3 + 0.124 cm 3 respectively, P = 0.0179 Kruskal-Wallis test). At the end of the experiment on the 29 th day there was a reduction in the tumor volume by 85% in the treated group. We used a multivariate model, where the tumor growth over time was taken to be exponential with coefficients that were subject specific mixed effect (For control, tumor volumes = exp (−4.23 + 0.06 time) while for the treated group it was tumor volume = exp (−4.23 + 0.03 time)). The difference is statistically significant (P = 0.0456). Taken together, this in vivo data shows azurin exerts an inhibitory effect in the growth and progression of MCF-7 tumor xenotransplants. During the 28 days of treatment, treated animals did not show any sign of toxicity. Conclusions: Bacterial redox protein azurin can be explored as a novel therapeutic agent for treatment of breast cancer. Recently, we have prepared a truncated version of azurin which has 28 amino acids. It appers that this chemically synthesized peptide (2.8 kDa) has similar properties as azurin. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Radiofrequency ablation for metastatic bone tumors
Authors: M. Aono, H. Nakamura, M. Ieguchi, M. Hoshi, S. Taguchi, M. Takami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20720 Background: There have been several reports on newly developed surgical interventions for reduction of pain in patients with metastatic bone lesions. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one such method to reduce invasiveness and to improve the outcome with regard to the patient’s quality of life. We have used RFA to reduce intractable pain in patients with metastatic bone disease since 2004. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of this less invasive procedure. Methods: Nine patients with unresectable metastatic bone lesions treated with RFA (Cooltip RF ablation system: Century Medical, Inc.) from 2004 to 2007 were included in this study. There were 5 men and 4 women. Age at time of RFA was a mean of 68 years (range, 35 to 73). By primary tumor, there were five cases of lung cancer, one case of HCC, one case of rectal cancer, one case of malignant schwannoma and one case of melanoma. The locations of metastases were as follows: the femur in 4 cases, spine in 3, pelvis in 2, scapula in 1, and humerus in 1. Among these cases, two patients were simultaneously treated for double lesions (sacrum and pelvis, spine and pelvis), and RFA was repeated for a recurrent lesion (of the spine) in one patient. Pain was evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) score, which ranges from 0 to 100. Results: In the follow-up period, which ranged from 1 week to 20 months, with a mean of 7.5 months, 6 patients died of their cancer. After the RFA procedures, 6 patients (67%) reported reduction in pain, and in 4 cases necrotic changes on MRI imaging were recognized. Local recurrence of the lesion after RFA was observed in 2 patients (at 5 and 12 months, respectively). Complications included skin burn (II) in one patient and transient leg pain after RFA in another patient with a lesion in the lumbar spine. Conclusions: RFA technique was effective in reducing intractable pain caused by bone metastasis. Significant palliation could be obtained even in patients who have failed to achieve satisfactory pain reduction with radiation therapy and/or opioid usage. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Etoposide, intermediate-dose cytarabine and carboplatin (VAC): A combination therapy for the blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: E. Montefusco, M.C. Petti, G. Alimena, R. Latagliata, F. Celesti, S. Capria, S. Amadori, G. Avvisati, F. Mandelli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Immunotherapy Integrated in Radiochemotherapy and Maintenance Teniozolomide: Final Results of the Hgg-2006 Study
Authors: S. W. Van Gool, H. Ardon, F. Van Calenbergh, Raf Sciot, P. Demaerel, J. Goffin, S. De Vleeschouwer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2010)
Stable Factor IX Activity Following AAV-Mediated Gene Transfer in Patients with Severe Hemophilia B
Authors: Andrew Davidoff, Edward GD Tuddenham, Savita Rangarajan, Cecilia Rosales, Jenny McIntosh, Pratima Chowdary, Anne Riddell, Bertil Glader, Pradip Rustagi, Catherine Ng, Mark Kay, Junfang Zhou, Yunyu Spence, Christopher Morton, James Allay, Susan Sleep, Etiena Basner-Tschakarjan, Federico Mingozzi, Katherine A. High, John T. Gray, Ulrike M. Reiss, Arthur W. Nienhuis, Amit C Nathwani
Journal: Blood (2012)