tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of a melanoma-specific subscale for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-Melanoma)
Authors: J. N. Cormier, L. N. Davidson, K. A. Webster, D. Cella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8122 Background: A systematic review of the quality of life (QOL) literature in melanoma patients suggests an overwhelming need for a disease specific subscale. A melanoma subscale for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) was developed to address this need. Methods: A three-phase process was utilized for item generation, reduction and scale construction. First, a comprehensive review of the literature was performed as well as examination of over 300 cancer specific items from the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) item bank. All questions with potential relevance for patients with melanoma were selected for further evaluation. Phase II consisted of a survey and evaluation of potential items by twenty melanoma experts, including physicians, nurses, physician assistants, and social workers. Phase III involved administration of the pilot questionnaire to 40 patients with various stages of melanoma and a semi-structured interview to assess item comprehension, relevance and overall content. Results: A total of 97 items were pooled from the literature and the FACIT item bank. Item review and reduction resulted in a 44-item questionnaire. Expert evaluations were collated and frequencies of responses summarized. Items identified as “quite relevant” or “very relevant” by at least 70% of experts were retained. Further refinement resulted in a pilot questionnaire consisting of 25 items. A majority of patients determined the content of the pilot questionnaire to be relevant (95%), comprehensive (60%), and easy to understand (88%). Final revisions, based on patient input, resulted in the omission of 3 items, modification of 6 items, and the addition of 4 new items. The FACT-Melanoma consists of 26 items encompassing 3 QOL domains: 19 items related to physical well-being; 5 related to social/emotional well-being; and 2 items related to functional well-being. Conclusions: The face and content validity of the FACT-Melanoma has been confirmed by melanoma patients and professionals. Formal validation and reliability testing is currently underway in a prospective cohort of 300 melanoma patients with all disease stages. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
<i>Vital Signs</i>: Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies — United States, 2011–2013
Authors: Patricia P. Green, Lela R. McKnight-Eily, Cheryl H. Tan, Roberto Mejia, Clark H. Denny
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Alcohol is a teratogen.* Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with a range of adverse reproductive outcomes and can cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) characterized by lifelong physical, behavioral, and intellectual disabilities. FASDs are completely preventable if a woman does not drink alcohol while pregnant.CDC analyzed data from the 2011-2013 National Survey of Family Growth to generate U.S. prevalence estimates of risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy for 4,303 nonpregnant, nonsterile women aged 15-44 years, by selected demographic and behavioral factors. A woman was considered at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy during the past month if she had sex with a male, drank any alcohol, and did not (and her partner did not with her) use contraception in the past month; was not sterile; and had a partner (or partners) not known to be sterile.The weighted prevalence of alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk among U.S. women aged 15-44 years was 7.3%. During a 1-month period, approximately 3.3 million women in the United States were at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy.Alcohol use in pregnancy is associated with low birthweight, preterm birth, birth defects, and developmental disabilities. Women of reproductive age should be informed of the risks of alcohol use during pregnancy, and contraception should be recommended, as appropriate, for women who do not want to become pregnant. Women wanting a pregnancy should be advised to stop drinking at the same time contraception is discontinued. Health care providers should advise women not to drink at all if they are pregnant or there is any chance they might be pregnant. Alcohol misuse screening and behavioral counseling (also known as alcohol screening and brief intervention) is recommended for all adults in primary care, including reproductive-aged and pregnant women, as an evidenced-based approach to reducing alcohol consumption among persons who consume alcohol in excess of the recommended guidelines.
Nosocomial pneumonia in adult patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a 9-year study.
Authors: C S Pannuti, R D Gingrich, M A Pfaller, R P Wenzel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Two hundred seventy-five consecutive patients treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) during a 9-year interval were analyzed for the incidence and etiology of nosocomial pneumonia. Cases included adults who acquired pneumonia during the first hospitalization period within 100 days of the transplant. Fifty-five (20%) of the 275 patients developed nosocomial pneumonia, and the crude mortality during the hospitalization period was 74.5%. An etiology was established in 67.3% (37 of 55) of episodes. Thirty-six percent (20 of 55) of the cases were caused by Aspergillus species, either as the sole agent (15 patients) or in association with others. The crude mortality for patients with Aspergillus pneumonia was 95%. Elimination of 90% of Aspergillus cases in our unit would have the effect of reducing the overall attack rate of nosocomial pneumonia to 13.4% and the associated crude mortality to 43.4%.
Preferential uptake of intermediate-density lipoproteins from nephrotic patients by human mesangial and liver cells.
Authors: A Krämer-Guth, M Nauck, H Pavenstädt, M Königer, H Wieland, P Schollmeyer, C Wanner
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Hyperlipidemia of nephrotic origin could potentially cause glomerular injury as well as increase the risk of atherosclerosis. The precise interaction of human lipoproteins abnormal in lipid and protein composition, with lipoprotein receptors has not been clearly defined. This study examines receptor-mediated uptake and intracellular cholesterol metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo)B,E containing intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and apoB-100 containing low-density lipoprotein (LDL), isolated from patients with the nephrotic syndrome (N = 6), in human glomerular mesangial and HepG2 cells. In the patients, serum IDL and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly increased as compared with those of healthy subjects. The IDL of nephrotic patients contained 80% more cholesterol than the IDL of healthy controls. No differences in lipid/protein composition were found in the LDL density range. Therefore, nephrotic and control LDL showed identical affinities for receptor-mediated uptake. In contrast, the IDL of nephrotic patients was taken up by mesangial cells and HepG2 with higher affinity than the LDL. Intracellular sterol synthesis was suppressed more effectively and cholesterol esterification rate was enhanced 2.2-fold by nephrotic IDL as compared with control IDL. These data indicate that hypercholesterolemia of nephrotic origin cannot be explained by reduced ligand binding for LDL. ApoE-containing IDL of patients with the nephrotic syndrome were avidly taken up by glomerular mesangial cells and could therefore play the predominant role in the development of glomerulosclerosis and atherosclerosis associated with this disorder.
The ratio of cyclin D1/p21<sup>kip</sup> baseline gene expression and SPARC gene expression can be potential predictors of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patient response to lenalidomide therapy
Authors: L. Zhang, P. Schafer, G. Muller, D. Stirling, B. Bartlett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

22150 Background: Lenalidomide (LEN) is approved for the treatment of transfusion-dependent patients with anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk MDS associated with a del 5q cytogenetic abnormality, and in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of previously treated multiple myeloma patients. LEN also has activity in a variety of hematological malignancies and disorders, including amyloidosis, myelofibrosis, chronic lymphocyte leukemia, cutaneous T cell lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). To date, predictive markers and biomarkers of LEN response have not been reported. Methods: We have analyzed the expression of several important genes involved in cancer cell cycle, proliferation and angiogenesis using various NHL cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, to identify patterns of constitutive gene expression that may predict sensitivity of NHL tumors, particularly mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), to LEN therapy. Results: We observed that the level of constitutive cyclin D1 gene expression in MCL cell lines correlates with the order of sensitivity to LEN: Rec-1> Jeko-1> Granta-519 > JVM-2. Conversely, the order of constitutive p21kip expression is: JVM-2 > Granta-519 > Jeko-1 > Rec-1, and thus constitutive p21kip gene expression is inversely proportional to LEN sensitivity. Therefore, the baseline cyclin D1 to p21kip gene expression ratio could be predictive of patient response to LEN therapy. We also found that LEN markedly increases SPARC (Osteonectin) gene expression in NHL cells in a manner that correlates with the anti-proliferative activity of LEN against that cell line. The order of sensitivity to LEN by various NHL cell lines is Namalwa (Burkitt's Lymphoma)>Rec-1>Jeko-1>Granta-519>JVM-2 (all MCL)> DB (Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma). Thus SPARC gene expression may be a biomarker of NHL or MCL tumor response to LEN. Conclusion: High baseline cyclin D1 and low p21kip gene expression in MCL cell lines correlates with sensitivity to LEN and may be predictive of a good clinical response to LEN. Furthermore, monitoring of SPARC expression in NHL or MCL patients may enable early identification of patients who are responding to LEN therapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Celgene Celgene
Phase II study of oral menogaril as first line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer: A National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study
Authors: D.J. Stewart, E.A. Eisenhauer, J. Skillings, K.I. Pritchard, R. Buckman, T. Vandenberg, S. Verma, S. Aitken, B. Norris
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1992)
On the first paper in Cardiovascular Research: Frequency, force, and beyond
Authors: J ROSSJR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The force–frequency effect was the subject of the first paper published in the inaugural issue of Cardiovascular Research in 1967 (Ref. [1]; see Fig. 1). As a co-author with a longstanding interest in this topic, I was asked by the managing editor, Elizabeth Martinson to comment on this publication and on other research in which I was involved during that period at the Cardiology Branch of the then National Heart Institute in Bethesda. It was an exhilarating time for those involved in the (some might say somewhat excessive) outpouring of laboratory and clinical research papers. That first Cardiovascular Research publication arose from the then-prevalent interest in studying the strength-interval relations of cardiac muscle, a term which encompasses such phenomena as postextrasystolic potentiation, poststimulation potentiation and effects of changing the frequency of stimulation. John Blinks, a leader in that field [2], had visited the NIH, and I found his talk concerning studies in isolated cardiac muscle of great interest. It had been difficult to demonstrate the contractile effect of increasing cardiac frequency by electrical pacing on the intact heart because of the accompanying changes in cardiac loading conditions, particularly reduced preload. This study established that increased heart rate has a positive inotropic effect in the whole heart by demonstrating, in a setting of controlled preload coupled with induced single isovolumetric beats of the left ventricle, that peak tension and the rate of tension development increased, with reduced time to peak tension, … 

* 8599 Prestwick Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, United States. Tel./fax: +1 858 453 0166. jlross{at}ucsd.edu
Papillary lesions of the breast: Can larger core needle biopsy samples identify patients who may avoid surgical excision?
Authors: Alice P. Chung, Kelly T. Huynh, Jaime Shamonki, Myung-Shin Sim, Camelia Lawrence, Michelle Kinnaird, Armando E. Giuliano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

44 Background: Papillary lesions of the breast are frequently diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB). The ability to distinguish benign from atypical/malignant papillary lesions is limited by the representative nature of the biopsy method; thus follow-up excision is usually recommended. We aimed to determine if larger CNB samples can more reliably predict the true benign nature of a papillary lesion, thereby sparing certain patients a formal surgical excision. Methods: We reviewed medical records of 53 female patients diagnosed with histologically benign papillary lesions on CNB from 2000 to 2010, who subsequently underwent surgical excision. Pathology slides of the CNB were reviewed to document the benign histologic features of the papilloma, the number of cores sampled and the area of tissue biopsied (mm 2 ). Statistical analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of the CNB that were associated with retention of benign histology on excision. Results: Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and carcinoma were identified in 6% (3/53) and 8% (4/53) of papillary lesions, respectively, when excised. Clinical and radiographic characteristics did not distinguish the ADH/malignant lesions from benign papillomas. The CNB needle sizes ranged from 9- to 18-gauge (median 14). The number of cores sampled ranged from 3-16 (mean 4.5). Patients with benign excisions had a significantly larger area of tissue sampled by CNB than those found to have ADH/malignant lesions on excision (mean ± SD: 95.6 ± 101.2 vs. 41.7 ± 21.9, respectively, p=0.003). By logistic regression, CNB tissue samples consisting of ≥7 cores, or measuring &gt;96 mm 2 in aggregate, had a negative predictive value for ADH/malignancy of 100% (AUC of 0.69 and 0.68, respectively). Conclusions: Although no clinical or radiologic features distinguished benign from pathologically significant papillary lesions, larger sample sizes significantly improved the predictive value of benign histology on CNB. A papilloma sampled by ≥ 7 cores or &gt; 96 mm 2 showing benign histology at CNB, retained benign features upon excision. Close surveillance may be a reasonable option for patients whose benign papillomas are generously sampled at the time of CNB.
제 7 차 춘계학술대회 초록집 : 포스터 발표 ; 복수를 동반한 간경변증 환자에서 복강 - 정맥 단락술 ( Denver Shunt ) 의 치료효과
Authors: 신성관, 한광협, 정재연, 송건훈, 전재윤, 문영명
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2001)
Percutaneous Lymphatic Embolization of Abnormal Pulmonary Lymphatic Flow as Treatment of Plastic Bronchitis in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Yoav Dori, Marc S. Keller, Jonathan J. Rome, Matthew J. Gillespie, Andrew C. Glatz, Kathryn Dodds, David J. Goldberg, Samuel Goldfarb, Jack Rychik, Maxim Itkin
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Plastic bronchitis is a potentially fatal disorder occurring in children with single-ventricle physiology, and other diseases, as well, such as asthma. In this study, we report findings of abnormal pulmonary lymphatic flow, demonstrated by MRI lymphatic imaging, in patients with plastic bronchitis and percutaneous lymphatic intervention as a treatment for these patients.This is a retrospective case series of 18 patients with surgically corrected congenital heart disease and plastic bronchitis who presented for lymphatic imaging and intervention. Lymphatic imaging included heavy T2-weighted MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiogram. All patients underwent bilateral intranodal lymphangiogram, and most patients underwent percutaneous lymphatic intervention. In 16 of 18 patients, MRI or lymphangiogram or both demonstrated retrograde lymphatic flow from the thoracic duct toward lung parenchyma. Intranodal lymphangiogram and thoracic duct catheterization was successful in all patients. Seventeen of 18 patients underwent either lymphatic embolization procedures or thoracic duct stenting with covered stents to exclude retrograde flow into the lungs. One of the 2 patients who did not have retrograde lymphatic flow did not undergo a lymphatic interventional procedure. A total of 15 of 17(88%) patients who underwent an intervention had significant symptomatic improvement at a median follow-up of 315 days (range, 45-770 days). The most common complication observed was nonspecific transient abdominal pain and transient hypotension.In this study, we demonstrated abnormal pulmonary lymphatic perfusion in most patients with plastic bronchitis. Interruption of the lymphatic flow resulted in significant improvement of symptoms in these patients and, in some cases, at least temporary resolution of cast formation.
Genetic Influence on Type 2 or Clara Cell Origin of Pulmonary Adenomas in Urethan-Treated Mice23
Authors: David G. Beer, Alvin M. Malkinson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Urethan-induced lung adenomas arising from alveolar type 2 cells and from bronchiolar Clara cells have distinct histologic patterns; and examination of all lung adenomas found in A/J, SWR/J, BALB/cByJ, 129/J, and RIIIS/J inbred mice, 14-16 weeks after a single urethan injection, demonstrated that both tumor types were present in all five strains. The relative numbers of each tumor type varied significantly among the different strains. No correlation was observed between the type of tumor formed and tumor multiplicity. Augmentation of tumor multiplicity by chronic butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) treatment following urethan injection did not change the proportion of the 2 tumors from that observed with urethan alone. This finding demonstrated that BHT stimulated the development of both tumor types equally. The tumors found 14 weeks after a single urethan injection into neonatal BALB mice were larger than those found 14 weeks after urethan injection into adult BALB mice, but the proportion of alveolar and papillary tumors was the same for both groups. Lymphocytic infiltration into tumors was mainly associated with Clara cell-derived tumors. The proportion of type 2 cell- and Clara cell-derived lung adenomas appeared to be controlled primarily by the genetic background.
History of Medical Education
Authors: J. F. Fulton
Journal: BMJ (1953)

From the earliest times, medicine has been a curious blend of superstition, empiricism, and that kind of sagacious observation which is the stuff out of which ultimately scipnce is made.Of these three strands- superstition, empiricism, and observation-medicine was constituted in the days of the priest-physicians of Egypt and Babylonia; of the same three strands it is still com- posed.The proportions have, however, varied significantly; an increasingly alert and determined effort, run- ning through the ages, has endeavoured to expel superstition, to narrow the range of empiricism, and to enlarge, refine, and systematize the scope of observa- tion. . .The general trend of medicine has been away from magic and empiricism and in the direction of rationality....
Abstract 15214: Chlamydia Pneumoniae-Induced Foam Cell Formation Requires Nlrp3 Inflamasome Activation
Authors: Gantsetseg Tumurkhuu, Shimada Kenichi, Timothy crother, Wenxuan Zhang, Ganghua Huang, Moshe Arditi, Shuang Chen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background and Objective:  Foam cell formation (FCF) due to excessive accumulation of cholesterol by macrophages is a pathological hallmark of atherosclerosis. C. pneumoniae (Cp) promotes FCF in the presence of ox-LDL but the mechanism is unclear. Here we investigated the role of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in Cp induced FCF and the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in macrophages.   Methods:  Peritoneal macrophages from wild-type (WT), Nlrp3-/-, and Caspase1-/- mice were treated with live Cp. in the presence or absence of ox-LDL or IL-R antigonist, Anakinra. Intracellular lipids was assessed by Oil Red O staining to measure FCF. The expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, cholesterol efflux transportor ABCA1, ABCG1, cholesterol uptake receptor CD36, Class B scavenger receptor (SR-B) and Cellular lipid synthesis and homeostasis transcription factor, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein- 2 (SREBP2) were examined in mRNA level by real-time RT-PCR and protein level by ELISA, FACS or Western blot analysis.   Results:  peritoneal macrophages infected with Cp resulted in large accumulation of lipid droplets and FCF while co-cultured with LDL, and the secretion of IL-1 α and IL-1β cytokines were significant higher compared with the LDL treatment cells. Cp induced FCF increasing could be blocked by IL-1R antagonist, Anakinra treatment. FCF increasing was also attenuated in NLRP3 and Caspase1 KO macrophages compared to WT cells. Cp and ox-LDL induced IL-1β and IL-1 α secretion was blocked in Nlrp3-/- and Casasep1-/- cells. Additionally, the cholesterol efflux transporter ABCA1 and ABCG1 was expressed at much higher levels in Nlrp3-/- and Caspase1-/- macrophages compared to WT cells and Cp stimulation increased CD36 and SREBP2 in Wt cells and not in Nlrp3-/- and Casp1-/- macrophages.   Conclusion:  These data suggest that Cp infection facilitates foam cell formation in the presence of oxLDL by producing IL-1 cytokines through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and that IL-1 signaling is involved in cholesterol metabolism.