tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epitopes associated with MHC restriction site of T cells. III. I-J epitope on MHC-restricted T helper cells.
Authors: Y Asano, T Nakayama, M Kubo, J Yagi, T Tada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

I-J epitopes were found to be associated with the functional site of the class II MHC-restricted helper T (Th) cells: Virtually all of the H-2k-restricted Th cell function of H-2kxbF1 T cells was inhibited by the anti-I-Jk mAb, leaving the H-2b-restricted function unaffected. The I-Jk epitope was inducible in Th cells of different genotype origin according to the environmental class II antigens present in the early ontogeny of T cells. Although above results suggested that I-J is the structure reflecting the inducible MHC restriction specificity, further studies revealed some interesting controversies: First, the I-J phenotype did not always correlate with the class II restriction specificity, e.g., I-Ab-restricted Th from 5R was I-Jk-positive, whereas I-Ak-restricted Th of 4R was not. Second, there was no trans expression of parental I-J phenotypes and restriction specificities in F1 Th, e.g., the I-J phenotype was detected only on I-Ab-restricted Th of (4R X 5R)F1, whereas it was absent on I-Ak-restricted Th. This strict linkage between the restriction specificity and I-J phenotype was also found on Th cells developed in bone marrow chimera constructed with intra-H-2-recombinant mice. The expression of I-Jk was always associated with the restriction specificity of the relevant host. Thus, the restriction specificity of Th cells followed the host type, and the I-J expression on Th was exactly the same as that expressed by the host haplotype. These results indicate that I-J is an isomorphic structure adaptively expressed on Th cells that is involved in the unidirectional regulatory cell interactions, and that the polymorphism cannot be explained merely by the restriction specificity of the conventional T cell receptor heterodimer.
Titrated mandibular advancement versus positive airway pressure for sleep apnoea
Authors: F. Gagnadoux, B. Fleury, B. Vielle, B. Pételle, N. Meslier, X. L. N’Guyen, W. Trzepizur, J. L. Racineux
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The aim of this study was to compare mandibular advancement device (MAd) therapy and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) after one-night polysomnographic (PSG) titration of both treatments. 59 OSAHS patients (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI): 34+/-13 events x h(-1); Epworth scale: 10.6+/-4.5) were included in a crossover trial of 8 weeks of MAd and 8 weeks of CPAP after effective titration. Outcome measurements included home sleep study, sleepiness, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cognitive tests, side-effects, compliance and preference. The median (interquartile range) AHI was 2 (1-8) events x h(-1) with CPAP and 6 (3-14) events x h(-1) with MAd (p<0.001). Positive and negative predictive values of MAd titration PSG for treatment success were 85% and 45%, respectively. Both treatments significantly improved subjective and objective sleepiness, cognitive tests and HRQoL. The reported compliance was higher for MAd (p<0.001) with >70% of patients preferring this treatment. These results support titrated MAd as an effective therapy in moderately sleepy and overweight OSAHS patients. Although less effective than CPAP, successfully titrated MAd was very effective at reducing the AHI and was associated with a higher reported compliance. Both treatments improved functional outcomes to a similar degree. One-night titration of MAd had a low negative predictive value for treatment success.
Immunoregulatory circuits among T-cell sets. I. T-helper cells induce other T-cell sets to exert feedback inhibition.
Authors: D D Eardley, J Hugenberger, L McVay-Boudreau, F W Shen, R K Gershon, H Cantor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

These experiments test the hypothesis that cells carrying the Ly1+23- surface phenotype are programmed exclusively for helper and not suppressive activity regardless of external conditions such as the mode or type of antigen stimulation. To this end, we have stimulated purified populations of Ly1 cells with antigen in vitro using conditions devised to induce unselected T cells to express optimal levels of antigen specific T-suppressor activity. We find that after such stimulation, Ly1 cells generate SRBC-specific T-helper activity but not T-suppressive activity. These findings establish that the Ly1.2+,2.2/3.2- surface phenotype is a stable, and probably invariant, marker of T cells that are programmed to express only helper activity and have lost the capacity to directly suppress the antibody response. These findings support the concept that the genetic program for a single differentiated set of cells combines information for cell surface phenotype and function. We also demonstrate that antigen-stimulated Ly1 cells, in addition to inducing B cells to secrete antibody, can induce or activate other sets of resting T cells to develop profound suppressive effects. The surface phenotype of this feedback suppressive T-cell set is shown to be: Ly1+2+3+Qa1+. These findings, taken together, indicate that activation of resting Ly123 cells by immune Ly1 TH cells may represent an important homeostatic immunoregulatory mechanism.
Randomized comparison of the type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor cipamfylline cream, cream vehicle and hydrocortisone 17-butyrate cream for the treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: C.E.M. Griffiths, E.J.M. Van Leent, M. Gilbert, J. Traulsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Randomized comparison of the type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor cipamfylline cream, cream vehicle and hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate cream for the treatment of atopic dermatitis Get access C.E.M. Griffiths, C.E.M. Griffiths Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester, Hope Hospital, Eccles Old Road, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.J.M. Van Leent, E.J.M. Van Leent Department of Dermatology, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Gilbert, M. Gilbert Dermatology Service, Hôpital de L 'Enfant‐Jésus, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Traulsen J. Traulsen Leo Pharmaceutical Products, Ballerup, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 2, 1 August 2002, Pages 299–307, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04894.x Published: 01 August 2002 Article history Accepted: 07 February 2002 Published: 01 August 2002
Internalization of Oncolytic Reovirus by Human Dendritic Cell Carriers Protects the Virus from Neutralization
Authors: Elizabeth J. Ilett, Montserrat Bárcena, Fiona Errington-Mais, Stephen Griffin, Kevin J. Harrington, Hardev S. Pandha, Matthew Coffey, Peter J. Selby, Ronald W.A.L. Limpens, Mieke Mommaas, Rob C. Hoeben, Richard G. Vile, Alan A. Melcher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Dendritic cells (DC) may be the most effective way of delivering oncolytic viruses to patients. Reovirus, a naturally occurring oncolytic virus, is currently undergoing early clinical trials; however, intravenous delivery of the virus is hampered by pre-existing antiviral immunity. Systemic delivery via cell carriage is a novel approach currently under investigation and initial studies have indicated its feasibility by using a variety of cell types and viruses. This study addressed the efficacy of human DC to transport virus in the presence of human neutralizing serum.Following reovirus-loading, DC or T cells were cocultured with melanoma cells with or without neutralizing serum; the melanoma cells were then analyzed for cell death. Following reovirus loading, cells were examined by electron microscopy to identify mechanisms of delivery. The phagocytic function of reovirus-loaded DC was investigated by using labeled tumor cells and the ability of reovirus-loaded DC to prime T cells was also investigated.In the presence of human neutralizing serum DC, but not T cells, were able to deliver reovirus for melanoma cell killing in vitro. Electron microscopy suggested that DC protected the virus by internalization, whereas with T cells it remained bound to the surface and hence accessible to neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, DC loaded with reovirus were fully functional with regard to phagocytosis and priming of specific antitumor immune responses.The delivery of reovirus via DC could be a promising new approach offering the possibility of combining systemic viral therapy for metastatic disease with induction of an antitumor immune response.
Resveratrol Suppresses the Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth of Gliomas in Rats
Authors: Sheng-Hong Tseng, Swei-Ming Lin, Jin-Cherng Chen, Yen-Hao Su, Hsin-Yi Huang, Chia-Kang Chen, Po-Yin Lin, Yun Chen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: We wanted to investigate the antitumor effects and effect on angiogenesis of resveratrol in rat RT-2 gliomas. Experimental Design: RT-2 glioma cells were treated with resveratrol, and then cytotoxicity was assayed, apoptosis was measured by flow-activated cell sorter flow cytometry, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was measured by reverse transcription-PCR. Tumor size, animal survival time, and survival rate were followed in resveratrol-treated rats with s.c. or intracerebral gliomas. Furthermore, in vitro proliferation was assayed to explore the effect of resveratrol on the proliferation of ECV304 human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Expression of CD31 in resveratrol-treated gliomas was followed immunohistochemically to study the effect of resveratrol on the glioma-induced angiogenesis. Results: Resveratrol was demonstrated to exert cytotoxic effects and induce glioma cell apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Resveratrol (40 mg/kg/day) exerted significant antitumor effects on s.c. tumors, including slower tumor growth rate, longer animal survival time, and higher animal survival rate (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In contrast, resveratrol affected intracerebral tumors at only an increased dose (100 mg/kg/day), prolonging animal survival (P &amp;lt; 0.05) without affecting survival rate. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the glioma cells and the proliferation of ECV304 cells were inhibited by resveratrol in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that the s.c. gliomas from resveratrol-treated rats had fewer microvessel densities than did control rats (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Resveratrol caused significant glioma cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis, exerted antitumor effects on the s.c. and intracerebral gliomas, and inhibited angiogenesis in s.c. gliomas. Thus, resveratrol might be considered a possible treatment strategy for gliomas.
Application of Nanoparticle Technology for the Prevention of Restenosis After Balloon Injury in Rats
Authors: Toyokazu Uwatoku, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Kohtaro Abe, Yasuharu Matsumoto, Tsuyoshi Hattori, Keiji Oi, Takehisa Matsuda, Kazunori Kataoka, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention continues to be a serious problem in clinical cardiology. Recent advances in nanoparticle technology have enabled us to deliver an antiproliferative drug selectively to the balloon-injured artery for a longer time. NK911, which is a core-shell nanoparticle of polyethyleneglycol-based block copolymer encapsulating doxorubicin, accumulates in vascular lesions with increased permeability. We first confirmed that balloon injury caused a marked and sustained increase in vascular permeability (as evaluated by Evans blue staining) for a week in the rat carotid artery. We then observed that intravenous administration of just 3 times of NK911, but not doxorubicin alone, significantly inhibited the neointimal formation of the rat carotid artery at 4 weeks after the injury in both a single- and double-injury model. Immunostaining demonstrated that the effect of NK911 was due to inhibition of vascular smooth muscle proliferation but not to enhancement of apoptosis or inhibition of inflammatory cell recruitment. Measurement of vascular concentrations of doxorubicin confirmed the effective delivery of the agent to the balloon-injured artery by NK911 in both a single- and double-injury model. RNA protection assay demonstrated that NK911 inhibited expression of several cytokines but not that of apoptosis-related molecules. NK911 was well tolerated without any adverse systemic effects. These results suggest that nanoparticle technology to target vascular lesions with increased permeability is a promising and safe approach for the prevention of restenosis after balloon injury. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Symbolic Dynamics of Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Stefano Guzzetti, Ester Borroni, Pietro E. Garbelli, Elisa Ceriani, Paolo Della Bella, Nicola Montano, Chiara Cogliati, Virend K. Somers, Alberto Mallani, Alberto Porta
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are considered the principal rapidly reacting systems that control heart rate.We propose a symbolic analysis series to quantify the prevalence of sympathetic or parasympathetic cardiac modulation. This analysis decomposes the heart rate variability series in patterns lasting 3 beats and classifies them into 3 categories: nonvariable, variable, and very variable patterns referred to as 0V, 1V, and 2V patterns. First, we applied this method to experimental and pharmacological conditions characterized by sympathetic activation (tilt test, handgrip, nitroprusside, and high-dose atropine administration) or parasympathetic activation (phenylephrine and low-dose atropine administration) in 60 healthy subjects. An increase in sympathetic modulation and a vagal withdrawal elicited a significant increase in 0V patterns and a decrease in 2V patterns, whereas parasympathetic dominance induced the opposite, reflecting a reciprocal sympathovagal balance. The second part of the study considered a series of 300 beats before the onset of major arrhythmic events in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Symbolic analysis detected an increase in the percentage of 0V patterns before the onset of major arrhythmias compared with baseline (41.6+/-3.9% and 24.4+/-2.9%, respectively; P<0.01), indicating a sympathetic prevalence. On the other hand, the 2V patterns did not decrease before major arrhythmias, suggesting the presence of nonreciprocal autonomic modulations.Symbolic analysis of 3 beat sequences takes into account the different time course of sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac modulations and seems appropriate for elucidating the neural pathophysiological mechanisms occurring during the short periods that precede acute cardiac events.
The Liverpool urban obstetric flying squad: changing patterns of practice 1965-84.
Authors: T D Ryan, G M Kidd
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Obstetric flying squads operate from most maternity units in the United Kingdom. The 20 years from 1965 to 1984 saw 860 calls being made to the obstetric flying squad in the Liverpool urban area, with striking changes occurring in both the number of calls made and the reasons for making the calls. Management of the problems encountered has now become almost exclusively conservative, with such procedures as blood transfusion and general anaesthesia being virtually eliminated from practice.
Angiotensin II effects upon the glomerular microcirculation and ultrafiltration coefficient of the rat.
Authors: R C Blantz, K S Konnen, B J Tucker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The effects of both synthetic and biologically produced angiotensin II (AII) upon the process of glolerular filtration were examined in the plasma-expanded (2.5% body wt) Munich-Wistar rat, by micropuncture evaluation of pressures, nephron plasma flow (rpf) and filtration rate (sngfr). Plasma expansion was chosen as a control condition because (a) response to AII was uniform and predictable, (b) endogenous generation of AII was presumably suppressed, and (c) the high control values for rpf permitted accurate determination of values for the glomerular permeability coefficient (LpA) before and during AII infusion. With subpressor quantities of synthetic Asn-1, Val-5 AII (less than 5 ng/100 g body wt/min), sngfr fell from 47.7 in the control group to 39.8 nl/min/g kidney (P less than 0.005). The rpf fell to 60% of control values (P less than 0.001). Measurement of glomerular capillary (PG) and Bowman's space (Pt) hydrostatic pressures in surface glomeruli with a servo-nulling device permitted evaluation of the hydrostatic pressure gradient (deltaP = PG - Pi). DeltaP increased from 38.1 +/- 1.2 in control to 45.9 +/- 1.3 mm Hg after Asn-1, Val-5 AII and essentially neutralized the effect of decreased rpf in sngfr. The sngfr then fell as a result of a decreased in LpA from 0.063 +/- 0.008 in control to 0.028 +/- 0.004 nl/s/g kidney/mm Hg after Asn-1, Val-5 AII (P less than 0.02). Lower doses of Asp-1, Ile-5 AII (less than 3 ng/100 g body wt/min) had no effect on sngfr, rpf, deltaP, and afferent and efferent vascular resistance, but significantly elevated systemic blood pressure, suggesting peripheral effects on smooth muscle at this low dose. LpA was 0.044 +/- 0.007 nl/s/g kidney/mm Hg after low-dose Asp-1, Ile-5 AII, and 0.063 +/- 0.008 in the control group (0.02 greater than P greater than 0.1). Higher, equally pressor doses of native AII (5 ng/100 g body wt/min) produced effects almost identical to similar quantites of synthetic Asn-1, Val-5 AII upon rpf, deltaP, sngfr, and renal vascular resistance. LpA again fell to 0.026 +/- 0.004 nl/s/g kidney/mn Hg, a value almost identical to that after the synthetic AII. Paired studies with Asp-1, Ile-5 AII also demonstrated a consistent reduction in LpA.
Prevalence and dynamics of bcr-abl kinase domain mutations during imatinib treatment differ in patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent bcr-abl positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: H Pfeifer, T Lange, S Wystub, B Wassmann, J Maier, A Binckebanck, A Giagounidis, M Stelljes, M Schmalzing, U Dührsen, L Wunderle, H Serve, P Brück, A Schmidt, D Hoelzer, O G Ottmann
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Inhaler use among asthmatics – A cross sectional study in Alappuzha and Kottayam districts of Kerala, India
Authors: P. Sulaiman Shajahan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Asthma is an important health problem worldwide.Medcations in the inhaled forms are the best therapeutic options currently available for asthma [1]. Despite this, the percentage of patients opting inhalers as the preferred modality of treatment seems to be low [2].   Aims:  1. To find out the proportion of asthmatics using inhalers as the preferred modality of treatment. 2. To bring out the various reasons for not using inhalers among the above study group.   Materials and methods:  Study subjects were asthmatics in the age group of 15 to 45 years who attended the medical camps conducted in Alappuzha and Kottayam districts of Kerala, India during the period 2006 - 2009 (n= 912). A semi structured interview schedule on the use of inhalers were administered to collect the data.   Results:  52% of the study subjects accept inhaled preparations as the preferred modality of treatment (male-64%, female-39%). 48% are reluctant to take inhalers (male-32%, female-65%). 47% believe the term inhaler is the name of a particular drug rather than a device (male-45%, female-48%). 76% of inhaler users do not know how to use it properly. 7% of inhaler users think the powder in the dry powder inhalers can block the airways.   Recommendations:  More health awareness programmes are needed to alleviate fears and misconceptions about inhaled medications. Patients should be properly trained on correct usage of inhalers.   References:   1National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. (EPR-3): J Allergy Clin Immunol.  2007 Nov;120(5 Suppl):S94-138.  2Riccioni G, et al.  Clin Ter.  2007 Jul-Aug;158(4):363-70.
Novel strategies in newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: a prospective controlled study
Authors: Annette M M Vernooij-van Langen, J Gerard Loeber, Bert Elvers, Ralf H Triepels, Johan J P Gille, Catharina P B Van der Ploeg, Sandra Reijntjens, Edward Dompeling, Jeannette E Dankert-Roelse
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Context</h3> Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) is included in many routine programmes but current strategies have considerable drawbacks, such as false-positive tests, equivocal diagnosis and detection of carriers. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the test performance of two newborn screening strategies for CF. <h3>Design, setting and participants</h3> In 2008 and 2009, CF screening was added to the routine screening programme as a prospective study in part of the Netherlands. <h3>Interventions</h3> Two strategies were performed in all newborns. In the first strategy, concentrations of immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) and pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) were measured. In the second method, samples with IRT ≥60 μg/litre were analysed for 36 CFTR mutations, followed by sequencing when a single mutation was detected. Tests were positive only with two identified CFTR mutations. <h3>Main outcome</h3> Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of both screening strategies. <h3>Results</h3> 145 499 infants were screened. The IRT/PAP approach showed a sensitivity of 95.0%, a specificity of 99.897% and a PPV of 12.3%. Test properties for the IRT/DNA/sequencing strategy were respectively 100%, 100% and 64.9%. Combining both strategies (IRT/PAP/DNA/sequencing) led to a sensitivity of 95.0%, a specificity of 100% and a PPV of 87.5%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In conclusion, all strategies performed well. Although there was no statistically significant difference in test performance, the IRT/DNA/sequencing strategy detected one infant that was missed by IRT/PAP (/DNA/sequencing). IRT/PAP may be the optimal choice if the use of DNA technology must be avoided. If identification of carriers and equivocal diagnosis is considered an important disadvantage, IRT/PAP/DNA/sequencing may be the best choice.