tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Bullying Behavior at 8 Years of Age and Use of Specialized Services for Psychiatric Disorders by 29 Years of Age
Authors: Andre Sourander, David Gyllenberg, Anat Brunstein Klomek, Lauri Sillanmäki, Anna-Marja Ilola, Kirsti Kumpulainen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Bullying and being exposed to bullying among children is prevalent, especially among children with psychiatric symptoms, and constitutes a major concern worldwide. Whether childhood bullying or exposure to bullying in the absence of childhood psychiatric symptoms is associated with psychiatric outcomes in adulthood remains unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To study the associations between bullying behavior at 8 years of age and adult psychiatric outcomes by 29 years of age. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Nationwide birth cohort study of 5034 Finnish children with complete information about childhood bullying behavior was followed up from 8 to 29 years of age. Follow-up was completed on December 31, 2009, and data were analyzed from January 15, 2013, to February 15, 2015. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Information about bullying, exposure to bullying, and psychiatric symptoms were obtained from parents, teachers, and child self-reports when children were 8 years of age. Use of specialized services for psychiatric disorders from 16 to 29 years of age was obtained from a nationwide hospital register, including outpatient and inpatient treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 5034 study participants, 4540 (90.2%) did not engage in bullying behavior; of these, 520 (11.5%) had received a psychiatric diagnosis at follow-up; 33 of 166 (19.9%) who engaged in frequent bullying, 58 of 251 (23.1%) frequently exposed to bullying, and 24 of 77 (31.2%) who both frequently engaged in and were frequently exposed to bullying had received psychiatric diagnoses at follow-up. When analyses were adjusted by sex, family factors, and child psychiatric symptoms at 8 years of age, we found independent associations of treatment of any psychiatric disorder with frequent exposure to bullying (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5) and being a bully and exposed to bullying (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4). Exposure to bullying was specifically associated with depression (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9). Bullying was associated with psychiatric outcomes only in the presence of psychiatric problems at 8 years of age. Participants who were bullies and exposed to bullying at 8 years of age had a high risk for several psychiatric disorders requiring treatment in adulthood. However, the associations with specific psychiatric disorders did not remain significant after controlling for concurrent psychiatric symptoms. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Exposure to bullying, even in the absence of childhood psychiatric symptoms, is associated with severe adulthood psychiatric outcomes that require treatment in specialized services. Early intervention among those involved in bullying can prevent long-term consequences.
Optimizing Anti-TNF-α Therapy: Serum Levels of Infliximab and Adalimumab Are Associated With Mucosal Healing in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Bella Ungar, Idan Levy, Yarden Yavne, Miri Yavzori, Orit Picard, Ella Fudim, Ronen Loebstein, Yehuda Chowers, Rami Eliakim, Uri Kopylov, Shomron Ben-Horin
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Four measures of patient safety show no improvement in England since last year
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The proportion of patients who sustain one of four harms monitored by the NHS in England as a measure of safety has changed very little in the past year, figures show, and pressure ulcers are still the most common problem.

Overall in November this year, 5.8% of patients (11 118 of 191 000) who received care in a hospital, a nursing home, their own home, or another care setting experienced one of the four harms, …
Clustering Genes of Common Evolutionary History
Authors: Kevin Gori, Tomasz Suchan, Nadir Alvarez, Nick Goldman, Christophe Dessimoz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Phylogenetic inference can potentially result in a more accurate tree using data from multiple loci. However, if the loci are incongruent--due to events such as incomplete lineage sorting or horizontal gene transfer--it can be misleading to infer a single tree. To address this, many previous contributions have taken a mechanistic approach, by modelling specific processes. Alternatively, one can cluster loci without assuming how these incongruencies might arise. Such "process-agnostic" approaches typically infer a tree for each locus and cluster these. There are, however, many possible combinations of tree distance and clustering methods; their comparative performance in the context of tree incongruence is largely unknown. Furthermore, because standard model selection criteria such as AIC cannot be applied to problems with a variable number of topologies, the issue of inferring the optimal number of clusters is poorly understood. Here, we perform a large-scale simulation study of phylogenetic distances and clustering methods to infer loci of common evolutionary history. We observe that the best-performing combinations are distances accounting for branch lengths followed by spectral clustering or Ward's method. We also introduce two statistical tests to infer the optimal number of clusters and show that they strongly outperform the silhouette criterion, a general-purpose heuristic. We illustrate the usefulness of the approach by (i) identifying errors in a previous phylogenetic analysis of yeast species and (ii) identifying topological incongruence among newly sequenced loci of the globeflower fly genus Chiastocheta. We release treeCl, a new program to cluster genes of common evolutionary history (http://git.io/treeCl).
Five in six women reject drugs that could reduce their risk of breast cancer
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Five in six women who are at increased risk of breast cancer turn down drugs that can reduce their chances of developing the disease, a study published in the Annals of Oncology has found.1

Researchers at Queen Mary University of London, UK, collected data from 26 international studies including more than 21 000 women of all ages who were at increased risk of developing breast cancer. The women in these …
The Nevus in Literature—More Than a Mark
Authors: Rachel Marchalik, Scott Norton
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Manufacturer should also give incidence of "severe" adverse events
Authors: L. Traer-Clark
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1-Comparison of results of study by Barrett and colleagues and study by Phillips and Kass.2Figures are numbers (percentages) of subjects except where stated otherwise Barrett and Phillips colleagues and Kass Total taking mefloquine 1214 285 Women taking mefloquine 698 (57) 171 (60) Median duration of use (weeks) 7 6 Adverse effects (all grades) occurred 503 (41) 108 (38) Events interfered with daily activities 143 (12) 32 (11) Stopped taking drug owing to adverse effects 63 (5) 18 (6)were admitted to hospital; the third had a seizure.Our study also found that basic travel, as opposed to group travel itself, was a major posi- tive effect modifying variable for adverse events associated with mefloquine.If this useful drug is not to be abandoned pre- maturely, prescribers must be given guidance about the pharmacology of mefloquine in women and possible interactions with recrea- tional drugs.We fully inform potential meflo- quine users about these issues and, when possible, give people two or three doses as a trial before they leave Australia.Initial poor tolerance of mefloquine can be greatly improved by altering the regimen to half a tablet twice weekly, although this has yet to be verified scientifically.
Pilot study of atomoxetine in patients with Parkinson’s disease and dopa-unresponsive Freezing of Gait
Authors: Gonzalo J. Revuelta, Aaron Embry, Jordan J. Elm, Chris Gregory, Amy Delambo, Steve Kautz, Vanessa K. Hinson
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2015)

Freezing of gait (FoG) is a common and debilitating condition in Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with executive dysfunction. A subtype of FoG does not respond to dopaminergic therapy and may be related to noradrenergic deficiency. This pilot study explores the effects of atomoxetine on gait in PD patients with dopa-unresponsive FoG using a novel paradigm for objective gait assessment. Ten patients with PD and dopa-unresponsive FoG were enrolled in this eight-week open label pilot study. Assessments included an exploratory gait analysis protocol that quantified spatiotemporal parameters during straight-away walking and turning, while performing a dual task. Clinical, and subjective assessments of gait, quality of life, and safety were also administered. The primary outcome was a validated subjective assessment for FoG (FOG-Q). Atomoxetine was well tolerated, however, no significant change was observed in the primary outcome. The gait analysis protocol correlated well with clinical scales, but not with subjective assessments. DBS patients were more likely to increase gait velocity (p = 0.033), and improved in other clinical assessments. Objective gait analysis protocols assessing gait while dual tasking are feasible and useful for this patient population, and may be superior correlates of FoG severity than subjective measures. These findings can inform future trials in this population.
Sofosbuvir Plus Velpatasvir Combination Therapy for Treatment-Experienced Patients With Genotype 1 or 3 Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Stephen Pianko, Steven L. Flamm, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Sonal Kumar, Simone I. Strasser, Gregory J. Dore, John McNally, Diana M. Brainard, Lingling Han, Brian Doehle, Erik Mogalian, John G. McHutchison, Mordechai Rabinovitz, William J. Towner, Edward J. Gane, Catherine A.M. Stedman, K. Rajender Reddy, Stuart K. Roberts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Background: Effective treatment options are needed for patients with genotype 1 or 3 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in whom previous therapy has failed. Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus velpatasvir, with and without ribavirin, in treatment-experienced patients. Design: Randomized, phase 2, open-label study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01909804) Setting: 58 sites in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Patients: Treatment-experienced adults with genotype 3 HCV infection without cirrhosis (cohort 1) and with compensated cirrhosis (cohort 2) and patients with genotype 1 HCV infection that was unsuccessfully treated with a protease inhibitor with peginterferon and ribavirin (50% could have compensated cirrhosis) (cohort 3). Intervention: All patients received 12 weeks of treatment that included 400 mg of sofosbuvir once daily. Patients in each cohort were randomly assigned to 25 mg of velpatasvir once daily with or without ribavirin or 100 mg of velpatasvir once daily with or without ribavirin. Measurements: Proportion of patients with sustained virologic response at week 12 after treatment (SVR12). Results: In cohort 1, SVR12 rates were 85% with 25 mg of velpatasvir, 96% with 25 mg of velpatasvir plus ribavirin, 100% with 100 mg of velpatasvir, and 100% with 100 mg of velpatasvir plus ribavirin. In cohort 2, SVR12 rates were 58% with 25 mg of velpatasvir, 84% with 25 mg of velpatasvir plus ribavirin, 88% with 100 mg of velpatasvir, and 96% with 100 mg of velpatasvir plus ribavirin. In cohort 3, SVR12 rates were 100% with 25 mg of velpatasvir, 97% with 25 mg of velpatasvir plus ribavirin, 100% with 100 mg of velpatasvir, and 96% with 100 mg of velpatasvir plus ribavirin. The most common adverse events were headache, fatigue, and nausea. Limitation: Treatment assignments were not blinded, and no inferential statistics were planned. Conclusion: Treatment with 400 mg of sofosbuvir plus 100 mg of velpatasvir for 12 weeks was well-tolerated and highly effective in treatment-experienced patients with genotype 1 or 3 HCV infection. Primary Funding Source: Gilead Sciences.
Surveillance data from public spa inspections - United States, May-September 2002.
Authors: R. Kebabjian, B. Bibler, R. Georgesen, P. Kishel, D. Cinpinski, D. Finkenbinder, N. Bloomenrader, C. Otto, M. J. Beach, J. Roberts, L. Mirel, K. Day, K. Bauer, J. Yoder
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2004)
Tolerability and Feasibility of Beta-Blocker Titration in HFpEF Versus HFrEF
Authors: Frank Edelmann, Lindy Musial-Bright, Goetz Gelbrich, Tobias Trippel, Sara Radenovic, Rolf Wachter, Simone Inkrot, Goran Loncar, Elvis Tahirovic, Vera Celic, Jovan Veskovic, Marija Zdravkovic, Mitja Lainscak, Svetlana Apostolović, Aleksandar N. Neskovic, Burkert Pieske, Hans-Dirk Düngen
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)

This study evaluated the tolerability and feasibility of titration of 2 distinctly acting beta-blockers (BB) in elderly heart failure patients with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced (HFrEF) left ventricular ejection fraction. Broad evidence supports the use of BB in HFrEF, whereas the evidence for beta blockade in HFpEF is uncertain. In the CIBIS-ELD (Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study in Elderly) trial, patients >65 years of age with HFrEF (n = 626) or HFpEF (n = 250) were randomized to bisoprolol or carvedilol. Both BB were up-titrated to the target or maximum tolerated dose. Follow-up was performed after 12 weeks. HFrEF and HFpEF patients were compared regarding tolerability and clinical effects (heart rate, blood pressure, systolic and diastolic functions, New York Heart Association functional class, 6-minute-walk distance, quality of life, and N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide). For both of the BBs, tolerability and daily dose at 12 weeks were similar. HFpEF patients demonstrated higher rates of dose escalation delays and treatment-related side effects. Similar HR reductions were observed in both groups (HFpEF: 6.6 beats/min; HFrEF: 6.9 beats/min, p = NS), whereas greater improvement in NYHA functional class was observed in HFrEF (HFpEF: 23% vs. HFrEF: 34%, p < 0.001). Mean E/e′ and left atrial volume index did not change in either group, although E/A increased in HFpEF. BB tolerability was comparable between HFrEF and HFpEF. Relevant reductions of HR and blood pressure occurred in both groups. However, only HFrEF patients experienced considerable improvements in clinical parameters and left ventricular function. Interestingly, beta-blockade had no effect on established and prognostic markers of diastolic function in either group. Long-term studies using modern diagnostic criteria for HFpEF are urgently needed to establish whether BB therapy exerts significant clinical benefit in HFpEF. (Comparison of Bisoprolol and Carvedilol in Elderly Heart Failure [HF] Patients: A Randomised, Double-Blind Multicentre Study [CIBIS-ELD]; ISRCTN34827306)
THE PNEUMOCOCCIDAL POWER OF WHOLE BLOOD
Authors: W. D. Sutliff, D. R. Rhoades
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1930)

The immunological properties of whole blood in relation to the pneumococcus have been studied by various methods.Wright, A. E. (1) and his followers used the slide cell technique devised by him and based upon the use of defibrinated blood.Heist and his co-workers (2,3) have also used defibrinated blood.Bull and Tao (4) have used blood protected against coagulation by the addition of sodium citrate.Various workers have studied the course of pneumococcus infection in the blood stream of experimental animals: Wright, H. D. (5), Good- ner, K. (6, 7), and Cecil and Blake (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13).The most recent work on phagocytic immunity is that of Robertson and his co- workers (14, 15, 16) with serum-leucocyte mixtures.The methods described below are in part adaptations of those used by these last- named investigators.In the early part of this study serum-leucocyte mixtures were tried repeatedly, but the manipulations required to free the leucocytes from the whole blood were, in our experience, too numerous and delicate for practical use.It occurred to us that whole uncoagulated blood might possibly present similar immunological fea- tures and that if this were so, it could be substituted with advantage for the serum-leucocyte mixtures. MATERIALS AND METHODSAn agitator was constructed as illustrated in figure 1.The motive power of the agitator is a 4-volt storage battery.Speed is regulated by a rheostat starting key
Canada is to legalise recreational marijuana
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Canada’s new government is to press ahead with a commitment made before October’s election to legalise marijuana for recreational purposes across the country.

Canada’s governor general, David Johnston, laid out the legislative programme of Justin Trudeau’s Liberals in the speech from the throne, including a pledge to “legalise, regulate, and restrict access to marijuana.”

The election promise to legalise marijuana dates from a year ago, but many observers believed that it was low on the new government’s list of priorities. During the election campaign it was Trudeau’s opponents, the Conservatives, who repeatedly drew attention to the …
Genomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Heralds a Changing Treatment Paradigm
Authors: Matthew Ellis
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Deep genomic analysis in breast cancer and the identification of driver mutations will result in treatments based on molecular subtypes and pathways. Mutations not yet familiar to most oncologists will become part of the clinical oncology vernacular. Such discoveries will advance the concept of “biology first, not drug first,” because molecular biology will drive drug development and clinical trial design involving small, molecularly defined subsets of patients, according to a presentation at the NCCN 19th Annual Conference.
Resident Depression
Authors: Thomas L. Schwenk
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health professionals worldwide lack knowledge on female genital mutilation
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

More training and guidance on treating women and girls who have had female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) are needed for health professionals around the world, a review has concluded.

Researchers from Sydney, Australia, conducted a systematic review to assess health professionals’ experience of FGM/C in their clinical setting, their knowledge of FGM/C types, complications of the practice, and their access to education and training.

They found 159 research papers, but the standard was generally poor. Only 18 studies met their inclusion criteria, and none met all eight quality criteria. …
Soluble Urokinase Receptor and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Salim S. Hayek, Sanja Sever, Yi-An Ko, Howard Trachtman, Mosaab Awad, Shikha Wadhwani, Mehmet M. Altintas, Changli Wei, Anna L. Hotton, Audrey L. French, Laurence S. Sperling, Stamatios Lerakis, Arshed A. Quyyumi, Jochen Reiser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Relatively high plasma levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) have been associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with various conditions. It is unknown whether elevated suPAR levels in patients with normal kidney function are associated with future decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and with incident chronic kidney disease.We measured plasma suPAR levels in 3683 persons enrolled in the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank (mean age, 63 years; 65% men; median suPAR level, 3040 pg per milliliter) and determined renal function at enrollment and at subsequent visits in 2292 persons. The relationship between suPAR levels and the eGFR at baseline, the change in the eGFR over time, and the development of chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area) were analyzed with the use of linear mixed models and Cox regression after adjustment for demographic and clinical variables.A higher suPAR level at baseline was associated with a greater decline in the eGFR during follow-up; the annual change in the eGFR was -0.9 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) among participants in the lowest quartile of suPAR levels as compared with -4.2 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) among participants in the highest quartile (P<0.001). The 921 participants with a normal eGFR (≥ 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2)) at baseline had the largest suPAR-related decline in the eGFR. In 1335 participants with a baseline eGFR of at least 60 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), the risk of progression to chronic kidney disease in the highest quartile of suPAR levels was 3.13 times as high (95% confidence interval, 2.11 to 4.65) as that in the lowest quartile.An elevated level of suPAR was independently associated with incident chronic kidney disease and an accelerated decline in the eGFR in the groups studied. (Funded by the Abraham J. and Phyllis Katz Foundation and others.).