tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Periodontal regeneration in gingival recession defects
Authors: L Trombelli
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (1999)

Surgical treatment of gingival recession defects aims at obtaining soft tissue coverage of exposed root surfaces and/or augmentation of gingival tissue dimensions. A variety of protocols have been developed to manage these clinical problems. Since one goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of the lost attachment apparatus of the tooth, full restoration of defect should be accomplished following mucogingival procedures. This implies regeneration of all periodontal structures, including formation of new cementum with inserting connective tissue fibers, alveolar bone regeneration and recreation of a functional and aesthetic morphology of the mucogingival complex. Animal and human histological studies have shown that healing at gingiva-root interface following pedicle flaps or free soft tissue grafts generally includes a long junctional epithelium with varying amounts of a new connective tissue attachment in the most apical aspect of the covered root surface. Limited bone regeneration has been observed. Adjunctive use of root conditioning agents and cell excluding, wound-stabilizing devices may amplify regenerative outcomes. Changes in the amount of keratinized tissue, which can significantly affect the aesthetic outcome of treatment, have been shown to depend on the interactions among various tissues involved in the healing process and the selected surgical procedure.
Impaired Tissue Perfusion
Authors: Bernard I. Levy, Ernesto L. Schiffrin, Jean-Jacques Mourad, Denis Agostini, Eric Vicaut, Michel E. Safar, Harry A.J. Struijker-Boudier
Journal: Circulation (2008)

T he microcirculation is generally taken to include the smallest arteries, the arterioles, capillaries, and venules. 1,2Exchange of gases, nutrients, and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs almost exclusively in the microcirculation, and adequate perfusion via the microcirculatory network is essential for the integrity of tissue and organ function.Our aim in the present article is to bring together recent clinical and experimental research indicating that inadequate perfusion may underlie much of the tissue and organ dysfunction associated with chronic conditions including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.Given the high level of research activity in this field, our review can be neither systematic nor comprehensive.We apologize to the many authors whose important contributions are not acknowledged here; additional references are given in a Data Supplement on the journal's Web site. Tissue Perfusion in HypertensionAn abrupt increase in pressure brings about a rapid and reversible vasoconstriction of small resistance vessels due to their inherent myogenic tone. 4Prolonged elevations of pressure can cause a range of more lasting changes in the microcirculation, 2 of which, remodeling of small arteries and arterioles and rarefaction of arterioles and capillaries, will be considered briefly below. Microvascular RarefactionMicrovascular rarefaction, the reduced number or combined length of small vessels in a given volume of tissue, has been
Rheumatoid Arthritis (R.A.) Factor in Near Relatives of Sero-Positive and Sero-Negative Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: J. J. De Blecourt, F. W. Boerma, E. O. Vorenkamp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

In a previous publication (de Blcourt, Polman, and de Blcourt-Meindersma, 1961), we drew attention to the familial occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, each of which shows a special hereditary factor, but we did not report on the presence or absence of the so-called rheumatic factor in probands and members of the family.The "epidemiology" of various rheumatic conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, has been the subject of several international conferences,* and it has been stated by various workers (for instance, Lawrence and Ball, 1958; Bremner, Alexander, and Duthie, 1959; Ziff, Schmid, Lewis, and Tanner, 1958; Ziff, 1961; Karten, DiTata, McEwan, and Tanner, 1962) that more persons with rheumatoid arthritis and/or positive serological reactions (showing the presence of the so-called rheumatoid factor) are found among the near relatives of sero-positive rheumatoid arthritics than among those of sero-negative arthritics.In near relatives of sero-positive rheumatoid arthritics, Lawrence and Ball (1958) found 20 per cent.with a positive Waaler-Rose test (as modified by Ball, 1950), and in a "mixed" group of sero- positive and sero-negative probands they found 13 per cent.sero-positive relatives.In a group of normal controls, there were only 3 per cent.seropositive persons (so-called false positives).Ziff and others (1958) found 16 per cent.sero- positive near relatives in a group of sero-positive rheumatoid arthritics, and 1 per cent.false positives in a control group.Bremner and others (1959) found no significant difference in results of the Waaler-Rose test in the
Fludarabine Plus Mitoxantrone With and Without Rituximab Versus CHOP With and Without Rituximab As Front-Line Treatment for Patients With Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Pier Luigi Zinzani, Alessandro Pulsoni, Alessio Perrotti, Simona Soverini, Francesco Zaja, Amalia De Renzo, Sergio Storti, Vito Michele Lauta, Luciano Guardigni, Patrizia Gentilini, Alessandra Tucci, Anna Lia Molinari, Marco Gobbi, Brunangelo Falini, Pier Paolo Fattori, Fabrizio Ciccone, Lapo Alinari, Maurizio Martelli, Stefano Pileri, Sante Tura, Michele Baccarani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Promising new therapeutic options for follicular lymphoma (FL) include fludarabine plus mitoxantrone (FM) and the mouse/human anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab. We performed a randomized comparative trial of FM with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) front-line chemotherapy with and without sequential rituximab.All previously untreated CD20(+) FL patients presenting in 15 Italian cooperative institutions from October 1999 were randomly allocated to FM or CHOP. Following clinical or molecular restaging, patients in complete remission (CR) with bcl-2/IgH negativity (CR(-)) received no further treatment; those in CR with bcl-2/IgH positivity (CR(+)) received rituximab, as did those in partial remission (PR) with bcl-2/IgH negativity (PR(-)) or positivity (PR(+)); nonresponders (NR subgroup) were off study.After chemotherapy, the FM arm achieved higher rates of CR (68% [49 of 72 patients] v 42% [29 of 68 patients]; P =.003) and CR(-) (39% [28 of 72 patients] v 13 of 68 patients [19%]; P =.001). Rituximab elicited CR(-) in 55 of 95 treated patients (58%). The final CR(-) rate was higher in the FM arm (71% [51 of 72 patients] v 51% [35 of 68 patients]; P =.01). However, with a median follow-up of 19 months (range, 9 to 37 months), no statistically significant difference was found among the various study arms in terms of both progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS).These results indicate that FM is superior to CHOP for front-line treatment of FL and that rituximab is an effective sequential treatment option. However, they also confirm that this superiority is unlikely to translate into either better PFS or OS.
The Great Debate: Medicine or Surgery
Authors: David Lautz, Florencia Halperin, Ann Goebel-Fabbri, Allison B. Goldfine
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

In 1991, a National Institutes of Heath expert consensus panel recommended bariatric surgery to treat obesity for informed and motivated patients with BMI >40 kg/m2, or between 35 and 40 kg/m2 with high-risk comorbid conditions including diabetes, in whom operative risks are acceptable (1). In December 2010, these guidelines were reviewed by the Gastroenterology and Urology Devices Panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee of the Food and Drug Administration, with recommendation to lower the criteria for use of the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band to BMI >30 kg/m2 for patients with comorbidity. Surgical treatments of obesity induce impressive absolute weight loss of 30–40 kg (∼60% excess weight, or a 10–15 kg/m2 reduction in BMI) (2), which may be sustained over 10–15 years (3). Increasing medical and public awareness of sustained weight loss, increased ease of recovery, and lowered complications with newer laparoscopic surgical procedures and the ongoing increased incidence of obesity have contributed to a 15-fold increase in bariatric surgical procedures in the past decade, with estimates of >200,000 procedures having been performed in the United States in 2007 (4).

Recent observational studies demonstrate that bariatric surgical procedures reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes and lead to substantial improvement or “resolution” for many patients with preexisting disease. Type 2 diabetes has “resolved” (defined in the surgical literature as maintenance of normal blood glucose after discontinuation of all diabetes-related medications, in most studies with HbA1c <7%) in ∼77% of patients who undergo obesity surgery, and resolved or improved in ∼85%, with sustained improvements in multiple metabolic measures, such as fasting plasma glucose and insulin, percent glycosylated hemoglobin, and use of antidiabetic medications (2,5–9). Patients with shorter duration of disease seem to have more complete or sustained disease resolution (10 …
Haemodynamic effects of glucagon after mitral valve replacement
Authors: G. H. Smith, K. Chandra
Journal: Thorax (1972)

We have studied six patients who had undergone mitral valve replacement. Estimations of cardiac output and of pulmonary vascular resistance were made, beginning two hours after the finish of the operation. Glucagon, 10 mg, was given intravenously, and cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance were measured 5 minutes and 30 minutes later. In all six cases there was a significant decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and this occurred whether the resistance was slightly, moderately or greatly elevated. There was a highly significant increase in cardiac output in all cases.
Strong Parent–Offspring Association of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Families
Authors: Eun-Gyong Yoo, Sang Shin Park, Sang Woo Oh, Gi-Byoung Nam, Mi Jung Park
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To investigate the associations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components between adolescents and their parents in Korea.We analyzed data for 4,657 subjects (1,404 fathers, 1,404 mothers, 957 sons, and 892 daughters) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted between 1998 and 2008.Compared with adolescents whose parents did not have MetS, the odds ratio (95% CI) for MetS in adolescents with MetS in one parent was 4.2 (2.1-8.5) and 8.7 (3.4-22.3) in those with MetS in both parents. Among obese adolescents, the prevalence of MetS was 18.2% without parental MetS, whereas 29.2% of obese adolescents with MetS in one parent and 53.9% with MetS in both parents also had MetS (P = 0.01 for trend).The risk of MetS increased significantly in adolescents with parental MetS and was especially high in those with coexisting obesity and parental MetS.
Positron Emission Tomography in Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Jeffrey D. Bradley, Farrokh Dehdashti, Mark A. Mintun, Ramaswamy Govindan, Kim Trinkaus, Barry A. Siegel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose To determine how often positron emission tomography with [ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET) detects extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in patients considered to have limited-stage disease based on conventional staging procedures, and to determine the impact of PET on treatment planning for presumed limited-stage SCLC. Patients and Methods We prospectively performed pretreatment FDG-PET on 24 patients determined by conventional staging methods to have limited-stage SCLC (defined as disease that could be encompassed within a reasonable radiotherapy portal, excluding bilateral supraclavicular disease). PET images were evaluated for evidence of extensive-stage disease. Tumor-node-metastasis system staging was also assigned for each patient, with and without PET information. Results FDG-PET demonstrated findings consistent with extensive-stage SCLC in three of 24 patients. FDG-PET correctly upstaged two (8.3%) of 24 patients to extensive-stage disease (95% CI, 1.03% to 27.0%). PET correctly identified tumor in each SCLC mass (primary or nodal) that was suspected on computed tomography (CT) imaging, thus giving a lesion-based sensitivity relative to CT of 100%. PET identified unsuspected regional nodal metastasis in six (25%) of 24 patients, and the radiation therapy plan was significantly altered to include the PET-positive/CT-negative nodes within the high-dose region in each of these patients. Brain PET images in 23 patients disclosed no evidence of brain metastasis. Conclusion FDG-PET has high sensitivity for SCLC and appears to be of value for initial staging and treatment planning of patients with presumed limited-stage disease.
Genotoxicity of the steroidal oestrogens oestrone and oestradiol: possible mechanism of uterine and mammary cancer development
Authors: J. G. Liehr
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2001)

Oestrogens, including the natural hormones oestrone and oestradiol, induce various tumours in laboratory animals and have been recognized to be carcinogens in humans, raising the risk for breast and uterine cancer. As part of the search for the mechanism of hormone-induced carcinogenesis, various types of DNA damage have been detected which have been induced by oestrogens in cell-free systems, in cells in culture, or in vivo. Nevertheless, oestrogens have been postulated to act only as promoters of mammary carcinogenesis by receptor-mediated growth stimulation without consideration of their genotoxicity because these hormones failed to induce mutations in commonly used assays. More recently, oestradiol-induced numerical chromosomal changes (aneuploidy) and structural chromosomal aberrations have been detected in cells in culture and in hamster kidney, a target of oestrogen-induced cancer. In this animal model, oestradiol generates c-myc gene amplification and microsatellite instability. Mutations of the hprt gene have been induced by oestradiol in V79 cells and by catecholoestrogen metabolites in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Sequencing of this gene isolated from V79 mutant clones revealed point mutations and deletions. It is concluded that oestradiol plays a dual role as mutagen/carcinogen and as growth-stimulating hormone in the induction of tumours.
New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1–producing Enterobacteriaceae: emergence and response in Europe
Authors: M J Struelens, D L Monnet, A P Magiorakos, F Santos O’Connor, J Giesecke, Collective the European NDM-1 Survey Participants
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

Acquired carbapenemases confer extensive antibiotic resistance to Enterobacteriaceae and represent a public health threat. A novel acquired carbapenemase, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1), has recently been described in the United Kingdom and Sweden, mostly in patients who had received care on the Indian subcontinent. We conducted a survey among 29 European countries (the European Union Member States, Iceland and Norway) to gather information on the spread of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe, on public health responses and on available national guidance on detection, surveillance and control. A total of 77 cases were reported from 13 countries from 2008 to 2010. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently reported species with 54%. Among 55 cases with recorded travel history, 31 had previously travelled or been admitted to a hospital in India or Pakistan and five had been hospitalised in the Balkan region. Possible nosocomial acquisition accounted for 13 of 77 cases. National guidance on NDM-1 detection was available in 14 countries and on NDM-1 control in 11 countries. In conclusion, NDM-1 is spreading across Europe, where it is frequently linked to a history of healthcare abroad, but also to emerging nosocomial transmission. National guidance in response to the threat of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is available in approximately half of the surveyed European countries. Surveillance of carbapenemase- producing Enterobacteriaceae must be enhanced in Europe and effective control measures identified and implemented.
Can we see more outpatients without more doctors?
Authors: M. L Hughes, S. J Leslie, G. K McInnes, K. McCormac, N. R Peden
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

A reduction in the number of return patients attending general cardiology clinics, if achievable without harm, would improve access for newly referred patients. Outpatient clinic letters (525) sent to general practitioners over a threemonth period were reviewed. Simultaneously, physicians’ opinions were collected by questionnaire. A subset of 30 clinic patients who attended three local general practitioners were studied to identify how many were assessed in primary care, and how often, in a six-month period. The hospital records of these patients were reviewed to determine whether information about these visits to the general practitioner was documented in the hospital notes. From the outpatient clinics the discharge rates were only 26% and the reason for further clinic review was often not clear. The fact that many patients had no intervention or treatment change performed at the clinic (42%) indicates that patients are reviewed to assess symptom change rather than to receive further interventions. The use of fixed times for review appointment (six months or 1 year) suggests that the intervals are determined by habit rather than clinical indication. A high proportion of patients (28/30) were reviewed at least once in primary care by general practitioners between hospital clinic visits and 20/30 were seen three or more times. There was poor documentation of these consultations in the hospital case notes, and so hospital physicians may be unaware that symptoms are under regular review in primary care. This study suggests that a substantial proportion of current cardiology return outpatients do not require regular outpatient review. However, alternative management demands good communication and exchange of information between secondary and primary care, development of formal written discharge planning in outpatient letters and other forms of follow-up.
The immune paradox of sarcoidosis and regulatory T cells
Authors: Makoto Miyara, Zahir Amoura, Christophe Parizot, Cécile Badoual, Karim Dorgham, Salim Trad, Marianne Kambouchner, Dominique Valeyre, Catherine Chapelon-Abric, Patrice Debré, Jean-Charles Piette, Guy Gorochov
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Sarcoidosis is characterized by extensive local inflammation (granuloma, cytokine secretion) associated with anergy (poor response to antigens in vitro and in vivo). We postulated that this paradoxical situation would correspond to a disequilibrium between effector and regulatory T lymphocytes (T reg cells). We show that CD4+CD25brightFoxP3+ cells accumulate at the periphery of sarcoid granulomas, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and in peripheral blood of patients with active disease. These cells exhibited powerful antiproliferative activity, yet did not completely inhibit TNF-α production. Sarcoidosis is therefore associated with a global T reg cell subset amplification whose activity would be insufficient to control local inflammation. At the same time, peripheral T reg cells exert powerful antiproliferative activity that may account for the state of anergy. Altogether, these findings advance our conceptual understanding of immune regulation in a way that resolves the immune paradox of sarcoidosis and permit us to envisage a profound clinical impact of T reg cell manipulation on immunity.
Heat Shock–Induced Protection of Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells from Cold Storage and Rewarming Injury
Authors: Declan A Healy, Padraig J Daly, Neil G Docherty, Madeline Murphy, John M Fitzpatrick, R William G Watson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Cold storage and reperfusion injury to transplanted kidneys contributes to increased incidence of delayed graft function and may have a negative impact on graft survival. This study examined the mechanisms by which previous heat shock protects against cell death in an in vitro model of kidney storage. Cold storage is mimicked by incubating human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells in University of Wisconsin solution at 4 degrees C with and without subsequent rewarming. Heat shock was induced by incubation of cells at 42 degrees C for 1 h. Altered protein expression was measured by Western blot, and cell viability and apoptosis were measured by propidium iodide DNA staining using flow cytometry. The specific role of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP-70) was determined both by siRNA knockdown and by stable overexpression approaches. Cold storage and rewarming-induced cell death was associated with decreased expression of HSP-70, HSP-90, HSP-27, and Bcl-2. Previous heat shock significantly reduced HK-2 cell death after cold storage and rewarming and was associated with the maintenance of HSP-70, HSP-27, and Bcl-2 protein levels. Blocking heat stress-induced HSP-70 with siRNA did not significantly block the protective effect of heat stress against cold storage and rewarming cell death; however, overexpression of HSP-70 protected HK-2 cells from this stress. It is concluded that previous heat shock protects HK-2 cells from cold storage and rewarming injury. siRNA inhibition of HSP-70 induction did not block the protective effect of heat shock, indicating that HSP-70 is not essential to the heat stress-induced protective effect reported in this study.
Origins, Lineage-Specific Expansions, and Multiple Losses of Tyrosine Kinases in Eukaryotes
Authors: Shin-Han Shiu, Wen-Hsiung Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Tyrosine kinases are important components of metazoan signaling pathways, and their mutant forms are implicated in various malignancies. Searching the sequences from the genomes of 28 eukaryotes and the GenBank, we found tyrosine kinases not only in metazoans but also in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, and the protozoan pathogen Entamoeba histolytica, contrary to the current view that tyrosine kinases are animal-specific. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, we divided this gene family into 43 subfamilies and found that at least 19 tyrosine kinases were likely present in the common ancestor of chordates, arthropods, and nematodes. Interestingly, most of the subfamilies have conserved domain organizations among subfamily members but have undergone different degrees of expansion during the evolution of metazoans. In particular, a large number of duplications occurred in the lineage leading to the common ancestor of Tagifugu and mammals after its split from the Ciona lineage about 450 to 550 MYA. The timing of expansion coincides with proposed large-scale duplication event in the chordate lineage. Furthermore, gene losses have occurred in most subfamilies. Interestingly, different subfamilies have similar net gain rates in the chordates studied. However, the tyrosine kinases in mouse and human or in fruit fly and mosquito mostly have a one-to-one relationship between species, indicating that static periods of 90 Myr or longer in tyrosine kinase evolution have followed large expansion events.