tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of leisure-time physical activity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A population-based study
Authors: Shira Zelber-Sagi, Dorit Nitzan-Kaluski, Rebecca Goldsmith, Muriel Webb, Izabel Zvibel, Ilana Goldiner, Laurie Blendis, Zamir Halpern, Ran Oren
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Physical activity (PA) is commonly recommended for nonalchoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. However, there is limited evidence on the independent role of PA in NAFLD. The aim of this study was to examine the association between PA and NAFLD. We conducted a cross-sectional study of a subsample (n = 375) of the Israeli National Health and Nutrition Survey. Exclusion criteria were any known etiology for liver disease. Participants underwent an abdominal ultrasound examination; biochemical tests, including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin; and the noninvasive biomarker SteatoTest and anthropometric evaluations. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and a detailed PA questionnaire were administered. Three hundred forty-nine patients (52.7% men, 30.9% primary NAFLD) were included. The NAFLD group engaged in less aerobic, resistance, or other kinds of PA (P </= 0.03). The SteatoTest was significantly lower among subjects engaging in any PA or resistance PA at least once a week (P </= 0.01). PA at least once a week in all categories was associated with a reduced risk for abdominal obesity. Adjusting for sex, engaging in any kind of sports (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.96 per 1 standard deviation increment in PA score) and resistance exercise (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38-0.85) were inversely associated with NAFLD. These associations remained unchanged after adjusting for homeostasis model assessment, most nutritional factors, adiponectin, and resistin. Only the association with resistance PA remained significant with further adjustment for body mass index (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.44-0.85). Adding leptin or waist circumference to the model eliminated the statistical significance.Habitual leisure-time PA, especially anaerobic, may play a protective role in NAFLD. This association appears to be mediated by a reduced rate of abdominal obesity.
Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus in Differently Treated French and Belgian Hemophiliacs
Authors: Ch. ROUZIOUX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Immunoglobulin G antibodies to lymphadenopathy-associated virus have been detected in two groups of French hemophiliacs and in one group of Belgian hemophiliacs, whose mode of treatment differed. Seropositivity was more frequent (58.9%) in patients heavily transfused with blood products of French and foreign origin than in less frequently transfused persons (10.3%). The Belgian group, treated only with local products, showed the lowest frequency of seropositivity (3.4%). In healthy French controls, 1 of 330 had antibody to the virus. The results indicate transmission of lymphadenopathy-associated virus via blood-derived products.
Erect wing regulates synaptic growth in Drosophila by integration of multiple signaling pathways
Authors: Irmgard U Haussmann, Kalpana White, Matthias Soller
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract Background Formation of synaptic connections is a dynamic and highly regulated process. Little is known about the gene networks that regulate synaptic growth and how they balance stimulatory and restrictive signals. Results Here we show that the neuronally expressed transcription factor gene erect wing ( ewg ) is a major target of the RNA binding protein ELAV and that EWG restricts synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions. Using a functional genomics approach we demonstrate that EWG acts primarily through increasing mRNA levels of genes involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, while genes at the end of the regulatory expression hierarchy (effector genes) represent only a minor portion, indicating an extensive regulatory network. Among EWG-regulated genes are components of Wingless and Notch signaling pathways. In a clonal analysis we demonstrate that EWG genetically interacts with Wingless and Notch, and also with TGF-β and AP-1 pathways in the regulation of synaptic growth. Conclusion Our results show that EWG restricts synaptic growth by integrating multiple cellular signaling pathways into an extensive regulatory gene expression network.
Modern Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator Systems Can Be Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safe
Authors: Ariel Roguin, Menekhem M. Zviman, Glenn R. Meininger, E. Rene Rodrigues, Timm M. Dickfeld, David A. Bluemke, Albert Lardo, Ronald D. Berger, Hugh Calkins, Henry R. Halperin
Journal: Circulation (2004)

MRI has unparalleled soft-tissue imaging capabilities. The presence of devices such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter/defibrillators (ICDs), however, is historically considered a contraindication to MRI. These devices are now smaller, with less magnetic material and improved electromagnetic interference protection. Our aim was to determine whether these modern systems can be used in an MR environment.We tested in vitro and in vivo lead heating, device function, force acting on the device, and image distortion at 1.5 T. Clinical MR protocols and in vivo measurements yielded temperature changes <0.5 degrees C. Older (manufactured before 2000) ICDs were damaged by the MR scans. Newer ICD systems and most pacemakers, however, were not. The maximal force acting on newer devices was <100 g. Modern (manufactured after 2000) ICD systems were implanted in dogs (n=18), and after 4 weeks, 3- to 4-hour MR scans were performed (n=15). No device dysfunction occurred. The images were of high quality with distortion dependent on the scan sequence and plane. Pacing threshold and intracardiac electrogram amplitude were unchanged over the 8 weeks, except in 1 animal that, after MRI, had a transient (<12 hours) capture failure. Pathological data of the scanned animals revealed very limited necrosis or fibrosis at the tip of the lead area, which was not different from controls (n=3) not subjected to MRI.These data suggest that certain modern pacemaker and ICD systems may indeed be MRI safe. This may have major clinical implications for current imaging practices.
Protein transduction with bacterial cytosine deaminase fused to the TLM intercellular transport motif induces profound chemosensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Annett Hillemann, Boerries Brandenburg, Ulrike Schmidt, Martin Roos, Irina Smirnow, Marie-Luise Lemken, Ulrich M. Lauer, Eberhard Hildt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Clinical Lecture on a Case of Severe Hysteria Treated by Massage, Isolation, and Overfeeding
Authors: W. H. White
Journal: BMJ (1887)

O°R day during the last spring I was called to see Miss -, aged 33.I had previously seen her in 1883 for hysterical vomiting and aphonia, which she said were set up by a dentist, who spilt something in her mouth whilst he was operating.After an unsuccessful attempt to treat her at her own home, I had her brought to town, and shut up in a pay-hospital with separate cubicles.At first the vomiting was very frequent; plain milk was returned, and she lost seven- teen pounds in twenty days.Even enemata were not retained, till one day the nurse accidentally said this was very strange, for only para-
S118 Acute hemispheric stroke patients have reduced functional residual capacity and cough flow rates
Authors: P. R. Rao, K. W. Ward, C. R. Reilly, G. R. Rafferty, J. Moxham
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cough is a complex manoeuvre, requiring coordinated action of the respiratory and upperairway musculature. The mechanisms of impaired cough following hemispheric stroke are unclear. Reduced functional residual capacity (FRC) may impair cough due to the effect of lung volume on the length and pressure generating capacity of the expiratory muscles. We compared FRC (primary outcome) and peak cough flowrate for voluntary cough (PCFR, secondary outcome) in stroke patients and healthy controls. <h3>Methods</h3> 27patients and 30 healthy controls were studied. Stroke patients were within 2 weeks of first-ever middle cerebral artery infarct. Stroke severity was scored by a clinician (NIHSS score, worst=31). FRC was measured by helium dilution using a dry rolling seal spirometre. To measure PCFR, subjects wore a tight-fitting facemask and were asked to cough forcefully into the spirometre. During these measurements, the volume inspired before the cough manoeuvre was also recorded. Measurements were performed in a chair with the back reclined to 45°, mimicking patient position in hospital. FRC and PCFR data were expressed as % predicted.1 <h3>Results</h3> Patients9 median NIHSS score was 4 (IQR 2–6) reflecting mild disability. FRC % predicted, the volume inspired before cough and PCFR were significantly reduced in patients. Both FRC and the volume inspired before cough were significant predictors of PCFR. <h3>Conclusions</h3> FRC (% predicted), the volume inspired before cough and PCFR were significantly reduced in acute hemispheric stroke patients. Higher peak cough flow rates are associated with greater lung volume prior to cough. Interventions that increase FRC, for example, continuous positive airway pressure and upright sitting may improve cough function in stroke patients.
THE VALUE OF CALCIUM IODIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF ULCERS
Authors: G. A. Stephens
Journal: BMJ (1906)

CASE I (aged 47).April 5th: Ulcer on left leg 3i X 2-in.Placed on calcium chloride;* 15 grams three times a day.April 10th: Ulcer diminished all round.A band of skin has grown across the centre, dividing the original ulcers into two smaller ones i in.and 1 in.long respectively.April 17th: These two ulcers reduced to §, in.and i in.long.
Impact of interval from breast conserving surgery to radiotherapy on local recurrence in older women with breast cancer: retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: R. S Punglia, A. M Saito, B. A Neville, C. C Earle, J. C Weeks
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine if the length of interval between breast conserving surgery and start of radiotherapy affects local recurrence and to identify factors that might be associated with delay in older women with breast cancer. <b>Design</b> Retrospective cohort analysis with Cox proportional hazards models to study the association between time to radiotherapy and local recurrence, and propensity score and instrumental variable analyses to confirm findings. Logistic regression investigated factors associated with later start of radiotherapy. <b>Setting</b> Linked database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program-Medicare) in the United States <b>Participants</b> 18 050 women aged over 65 with stage 0-II breast cancer diagnosed in 1991-2002 who received breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy but not chemotherapy. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Local recurrence. <b>Results</b> Median time from surgery to start of radiotherapy was 34 days, with 29.9% (n=5389) of women starting radiotherapy after six weeks. Just over 4% (n=734) of the cohort experienced a local recurrence. After adjustment for clinical and sociodemographic factors, intervals over six weeks were associated with increased likelihood of local recurrence (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.39, P=0.033). When the interval was modelled continuously (assessing accumulation of risk by day), the effect was statistically stronger (hazard ratio 1.005 per day, 1.002 to 1.008, P=0.004). Propensity score and instrumental variable analysis confirmed these findings. Instrumental variable analysis showed that intervals over six weeks were associated with a 0.96% increase in recurrence at five years (P=0.026). In multivariable analysis, starting radiotherapy after six weeks was significantly associated with positive nodes, comorbidity, history of low income, Hispanic ethnicity, non-white race, later year of diagnosis, and residence outside the southern states of the US. <b>Conclusions</b> There is a continuous relation between the interval from breast conserving surgery to radiotherapy and local recurrence in older women with breast cancer, suggesting that starting radiotherapy as soon as possible could minimise the risk of local recurrence. There are considerable disparities in time to starting radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery. Regions of the US known to have increased rates of breast conserving surgery had longer intervals before radiotherapy, suggesting limitations in capacity. Given the known negative impact of local recurrence on survival, mechanisms to ameliorate disparities and policies regarding waiting times for treatment might be warranted.
Morphologic and DNA Autoradiographic Studies of the Microcirculation in a Transplantable Rat Fibrosarcoma: Growth Phase2
Authors: A. E. Woods, J. M. Papadimitriou
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The morphology and tritiated thymidine uptake of the vascular channels in a transplantable W rat fibrosarcoma sampled at various times during growth are documented. New vessels originated primarily from normal venules in the subcutaneous tissue surrounding the neoplastic implant and grew at least twofold faster than did wound-induced vessels. During the 4-week observation period, partial maturation of vascular channels newly induced by the neoplasm was seen. This partial maturation was evidenced by an increase in the concentration of micropinocytic vesicles, a reduction in concentration and localization of intraluminal processes at or near interendothelial cell junctions, changes in the endothelial cell nuclei, and partial deposition of basement membrane material. The development of smooth muscle and nerve tissue was not seen. The proportion (13%) of labeled endothelial cells in normal subcutaneous connective tissue surrounding the 3-day-old fibrosarcoma implant was significantly higher than that seen in controls, as was the labeling index (14-25%) for endothelial cells in the fibrosarcoma up to 2 weeks after implantation. Vascular channels in the established neoplasm were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and freeze-fracture techniques, and a resemblance to venular morphology was detected.
Alteration of <i>SMRT</i> Tumor Suppressor Function in Transformed Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Authors: Lynda Song, Andrei Zlobin, Pushpankur Ghoshal, Qing Zhang, Christiane Houde, Sanne Weijzen, Qun Jiang, Elizabeth Nacheva, Danny Yagan, Eric Davis, Sylvie Galiegue-Zouitina, Daniel Catovsky, Thomas Grogan, Richard I. Fisher, Lucio Miele, Lionel J. Coignet
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas are characterized by a prolonged phase that is typically followed by a clinical progression associated with an accelerated clinical course and short survival time. Previous studies have not identified a consistent cytogenetic or molecular abnormality associated with transformation. The development of a transformed phenotype, evolving from the original low-grade component, most likely depends on multiple genetic events, including the activation of synergistic dominant oncogenes and a loss of tumor suppressor gene functions. Complex karyotypes and relatively bad chromosome morphology are typical of transformed non-Hodgkin lymphomas, rendering complete cytogenetic analysis difficult. Here, we report the use of transformed non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines and primary samples to identify the involvement of the silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) gene that maps at chromosome 12q24 in transformed non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We also show that down-regulation of SMRT in the immortalized “Weinberg's model” cell lines induces transformation of the cells. Assessment of cDNA array profiles should further help us to design a working model for SMRT involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma transformation as a novel, nonclassical tumor suppressor.
Recognition of Prostate and Breast Tumor Cells by Helper T Lymphocytes Specific for a Prostate and Breast Tumor-Associated Antigen, TARP
Authors: Hiroya Kobayashi, Toshihiro Nagato, Kensuke Oikawa, Keisuke Sato, Shoji Kimura, Naoko Aoki, Ryusuke Omiya, Masatoshi Tateno, Esteban Celis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: T cell–based immunotherapy via the in vitro or in vivo expansion of prostate tumor-associated antigen (TAA)–specific T lymphocytes is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches to treat prostate cancer. T-cell alternate reading frame protein (TARP) is a mitochondrial protein that is specifically expressed in prostate epithelial cells. We have done experiments aimed at identifying helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes for TARP for the design of T cell–based immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Experimental Design: Dendritic cells from normal donors were pulsed with synthetic peptides derived from TARP, which were predicted to serve as HTL epitopes. These dendritic cells were used to stimulate CD4+ T cells in vitro to trigger HTL responses against TARP. T-cell responses to these peptides were also studied with lymphocytes from prostate cancer patients. Results: The two peptides, TARP1-14 and TARP14-27, were shown to elicit effective in vitro HTL responses using lymphocytes from both normal volunteers and prostate cancer patients. Peptide TARP1-14-reactive HTLs were found restricted by HLA-DR53 and could recognize naturally processed protein antigen derived from tumor cells, which was presented by autologous dendritic cells. Most significantly, stimulation with peptide TARP14-27 generated four HTL lines restricted by HLA-DR1, HLA-DR9, HLA-DR13, and HLA-DR15, some of which capable of recognizing naturally processed antigens presented by dendritic cell or directly by TARP-positive tumor cells. Conclusions: Our results show that TARP constitutes a TAA that can be recognized by tumor-reactive HTL. The newly described TARP epitopes could be used to optimize and improve T-cell epitope–based immunotherapy against prostate and other tumors expressing TARP.
Identity of Leu-19 (CD56) leukocyte differentiation antigen and neural cell adhesion molecule.
Authors: L L Lanier, R Testi, J Bindl, J H Phillips
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is a membrane glycoprotein expressed on neural and muscle tissues that is involved in homotypic adhesive interactions. We have demonstrated that N-CAM also is expressed on hematopoietic cells, and is recognized by the anti-Leu-19 mAb. Leu-19 is preferentially expressed on NK cells and T lymphocytes that mediate MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity, but is also present on some myeloid leukemia cell lines. On NK cells, T cells, the KG1a.5 hematopoietic cell line, and a neuroblastoma cell line, Leu-19 is a approximately 140-kD polypeptide with N-linked carbohydrates and abundant sialic acid residues. Sequential immunoprecipitation and peptide mapping demonstrated that the Leu-19 and N-CAM molecules expressed on leukocyte and neuroblastoma cell lines are similar structures. These findings suggest that the Leu-19 antigen on leukocytes may be involved in cell adhesion, analogous to the function on N-CAM on neural cells.
Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Disease in Children. Medical and Surgical Management
Authors: D A KELLY
Journal: Gut (1998)

Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Disease in Children. Medical and Surgical Management. Balistreri W F, Ohi R, Todani T, Tsuchida Y, eds. (Pp 605; illustrated; 495.) Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1997. ISBN 0-444-82052-3.

This is an earnest and well meaning book written by mainly Japanese and American authors. Although entitled Medical and Surgical Management of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Disease in Children , this book concentrates on surgical management of selected topics and cannot be considered a comprehensive guide to the medical management of paediatric liver disease.

Nevertheless the book has many strengths. There are five chapters on basic morphology and physiology of the liver which include an excellent summary of the embryology of the liver and bile ducts in this rapidly developing field, and details of the development of the pancreas, including …
Is the efficacy of psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy for vitiligo enhanced by concurrent topical calcipotriol? A placebo-controlled double-blind study
Authors: O Ermis, E Alpsoy, L Cetin, E Yilmaz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Encouraging results of previous uncontrolled trials suggest that calcipotriol may potentiate the efficacy of psoralen plus ultraviolet (UV) A (PUVA) therapy in patients with vitiligo.We performed a placebo-controlled double-blind study to investigate whether the effectiveness of PUVA treatment could be enhanced by combination with topical calcipotriol in the treatment of vitiligo.Thirty-five patients with generalized vitiligo enrolled in the study. Symmetrical lesions of similar dimensions and with no spontaneous repigmentation on arms, legs or trunk were selected as reference lesions. In this randomized left-right comparison study, calcipotriol 0.05 mg g(-1) cream or placebo was applied to the reference lesions 1 h before PUVA treatment (oral 8-methoxypsoralen and conventional UVA units) twice weekly. Patients were examined at weekly intervals. The mean number of sessions and the cumulative UVA dosage for initial and complete repigmentation were calculated.Twenty-seven patients (nine women, 18 men; mean +/- SEM age 29.8 +/- 13.5 years) were evaluated. The mean +/- SEM cumulative UVA dose and number of UVA exposures for initial repigmentation were 52.52 +/- 6.10 J cm(-2) and 9.33 +/- 0.65 on the calcipotriol side, and 78.20 +/- 7.88 J cm(-2) and 12.00 +/- 0.81 on the placebo side, respectively (P < 0.001). For complete repigmentation, respective values were 232.79 +/- 14.97 J cm(-2) and 27.40 +/- 1.47 on the calcipotriol side and 259.93 +/- 13.71 J cm(-2) and 30.07 +/- 1.34 on the placebo side (P = 0.001). Treatment with calcipotriol and PUVA resulted in significantly higher percentages of repigmentation for both initial (81%) and complete pigmentation (63%), compared with placebo and PUVA (7% and 15%, respectively).Our results have shown that concurrent topical calcipotriol potentiates the efficacy of PUVA in the treatment of vitiligo, and that this combination achieves earlier pigmentation with a lower total UVA dosage.
A new simple method of staining exogenous surfactant in experimental research
Authors: M.F. Krause, M. Orlowska-Volk, E.R Hendrik, D Gommers, B Lachmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Two commonly used techniques in experimental lung research have helped to determine which variables influence surfactant distribution within the lung: radioactive labelling of surfactant components and admixture of coloured microspheres to surfactant. However, neither technique allows the description of surfactant distribution at the alveolar level. The aim of this study was to establish a new technique using histology colourants for admixture to exogenous surfactant to make exogenous surfactant visible by light microscopy. In a step by step approach the authors evaluated the properties of a variety of green colourants when added to a natural porcine surfactant preparation for their ability to homogeneously mix with surfactant, to bind to surfactant, to adhere to a glass slide, to not be "overstained" by standard haematoxylin-eosin and Elastica van Giesson staining, to not influence in vitro surface tension properties of surfactant using a Wilhelmy balance, to not influence oxygenation and ventilation in a lung-lavage rat model and to preserve their colour and adherence to exogenous surfactant on lung specimens visualized by light microscopy. Only one of the tested green histology colourants (Green Dye) fulfilled all requirements and showed a brilliant green colour in a distribution pattern typical of surfactant at the alveolar level. It is concluded that the authors have established a new, simple and inexpensive method of staining exogenous surfactant for evaluation of its distribution by light microscopy at the alveolar level.