tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THYMUS-DERIVED (T) CELL IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: Howard M. Grey, Ralph T. Kubo, Jean-Charles Cerottini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Quantitation of surface and total cell Ig obtained after lysis by detergent, urea-acid treatment, and freeze-thawing were determined on spleen cells, thymus cells, and spleen cells specifically depleted of B cells. A two- to four-fold increase in measurable Ig was found after cell lysis. All cell populations showed a similar increase in measurable Ig indicating that no discordantly large amounts of buried Ig determinants were associated with the surface of T cells. The lack of appreciable amounts of T cell Ig was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of radioiodinated cells. A theta-positive lymphoma was described which, when grown in culture, lacked detectable surface Ig but contained a receptor site for IgG. This resulted in appreciable amounts of surface IgG being associated with the tumor line when isolated from ascitic fluid of tumor-bearing mice or after preincubation of cultured cells with either heat-aggregated IgG or normal mouse serum.
Immunosuppressive and Proinflammatory Activities of the VacA Toxin of <i>Helicobacter pylori </i>
Authors: Cesare Montecucco, Marina de Bernard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

20 yr have elapsed since the discovery of the association of the then novel bacterium Helicobacter pylori with different gastroduodenal diseases, including severe active chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma ([1][1]). The amount of research performed from the
Factors that predict failure in home management of an acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: E. M. Dunican, B. M. Deering, D. M. Ryan, N. M. McCormack, R. W. Costello
Journal: Thorax (2010)

There is increasing interest in managing patients with non-severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in the community. Hospital at Home and COPD Outreach programmes facilitate discharge of patients that would otherwise require hospital admission and have been shown to reduce hospital stay,1 readmission2 and healthcare costs without compromising patient care and satisfaction.3 Despite the human and health-related benefits associated with home services, ∼30% of patients relapse within 8 weeks, requiring hospital readmission.2

In an effort to better understand the factors that predict relapse in these patients, we prospectively studied consecutive admissions with AECOPD discharged to a COPD Outreach programme. Patients with an AECOPD who met specific criteria4 were enrolled within 24 h …
A prediction rule for clinical diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: P. L. Ho, P. H. Chau, P. S. F. Yip, G. C. Ooi, P. L. Khong, J. C. Ho, P. C. Wong, C. Ko, C. Yan, K. W. Tsang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

A prospective study was undertaken to identify clinical, radiographical, haematological and biochemical profiles of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients. A prediction rule, which demarcates low from high risk patients for SARS in an outbreak situation was developed. A total of 295 patients with unexplained respiratory illnesses, admitted to Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China, in March to July 2003, were evaluated for clinical, radiological, haematological and alanine transaminase (ALT) data daily for 3 days after hospitalisation. In total, 44 cases were subsequently confirmed to have SARS by RT-PCR (68.2%) and serology (100%). The scoring system of attributing 11, 10, 3, 3 and 3 points to the presence of independent risk factors, namely: epidemiological link, radiographical deterioration, myalgia, lymphopenia and elevated ALT respectively, generated high and low-risk (total score 11-30 and 0-10, respectively) groups for SARS. The sensitivity and specificity of this prediction rule in positively identifying a SARS patient were 97.7 and 81.3%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 47.8 and 99.5%, respectively. The prediction rule appears to be helpful in assessing suspected patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome at the bedside, and should be further validated in other severe acute respiratory syndrome cohorts.
Low Bone Mineral Density and Its Predictors in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Evaluated by the Classic Statistics and Artificial Neural Network Analysis
Authors: Cristina Eller-Vainicher, Volha V. Zhukouskaya, Yury V. Tolkachev, Sergei S. Koritko, Elisa Cairoli, Enzo Grossi, Paolo Beck-Peccoz, Iacopo Chiodini, Alla P. Shepelkevich
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To investigate factors associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in type 1 diabetes by classic statistic and artificial neural networks.A total of 175 eugonadal type 1 diabetic patients (age 32.8 ± 8.4 years) and 151 age- and BMI-matched control subjects (age 32.6 ± 4.5 years) were studied. In all subjects, BMI and BMD (as Z score) at the lumbar spine (LS-BMD) and femur (F-BMD) were measured. Daily insulin dose (DID), age at diagnosis, presence of complications, creatinine clearance (ClCr), and HbA(1c) were determined.LS- and F-BMD levels were lower in patients (-0.11 ± 1.2 and -0.32 ± 1.4, respectively) than in control subjects (0.59 ± 1, P < 0.0001, and 0.63 ± 1, P < 0.0001, respectively). LS-BMD was independently associated with BMI and DID, whereas F-BMD was associated with BMI and ClCr. The cutoffs for predicting low BMD were as follows: BMI <23.5 kg/m(2), DID >0.67 units/kg, and ClCr <88.8 mL/min. The presence of all of these risk factors had a positive predictive value, and their absence had a negative predictive value for low BMD of 62.9 and 84.2%, respectively. Data were also analyzed using the TWIST system in combination with supervised artificial neural networks and a semantic connectivity map. The TWIST system selected 11 and 12 variables for F-BMD and LS-BMD prediction, which discriminated between high and low BMD with 67 and 66% accuracy, respectively. The connectivity map showed that low BMD at both sites was indirectly connected with HbA(1c) through chronic diabetes complications.In type 1 diabetes, low BMD is associated with low BMI and low ClCr and high DID. Chronic complications negatively influence BMD.
A meta-analysis of endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for diagnosis of solid pancreatic neoplasms
Authors: M. Hewitt, M. McPhail, L. Possamai, P. Vlavianos, A. Dhar, K. Monahan
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pancreatic cancer has one of the lowest 5-year survival rates of all cancers. Median survival postdiagnosis is 6 months and so early and accurate diagnosis is vital to improve chance of survival. EUS-FNA has the benefit of being a minimally invasive, well-tolerated procedure although results are operator dependent. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA for pancreatic cancer via a meta-analysis of published studies. <h3>Methods</h3> Relevant studies were identified via MEDLINE and included if they used a reference standard of definitive surgical histology or clinical follow-up of at least 6 months. Study quality was assessed using the STARD (STAndards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) initiative criteria with a 25-point STARD checklist. Data was analysed by dichotomous classification; where cytology was considered suspicious or atypical this was considered negative for malignancy (Classification #1) or positive for malignancy (Classification #2). Heterogeneity was explored via the I2 statistic and subgroup analysis was performed using the following variables: publication year, study location, number of patients, number of centres involved, study design (retrospective/prospective) and length. <h3>Results</h3> 33 studies published between 1997 and 2009 were included. 12 were retrospective studies and 21 prospective. The median number of patients included in each study was 151 (range 27–557) and the median study length was 44 months (range 11–119). Based on classification #1, the pooled sensitivity was 0.85 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.86) and pooled specificity was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99). When suspicious/atypical cytology was evaluated as positive for malignancy, it had an improved sensitivity of 0.91 and decreased specificity of 0.94. Specificity was also higher in prospective and multicentred studies. The area under the ROC curve was 0.95. Heterogeneity was decreased in subgroups considering only high quality studies. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The meta-analysis shows that EUS-FNA is an excellent diagnostic test for solid neoplasms of the pancreas with a sensitivity of 0.85 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.86) and a specificity of 0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99), with an area under the ROC curve of 0.95. EUS-FNA is a suitable first investigation to perform once a solid lesion is detected.
Repression of hepatic δ-aminolevulinate synthase by heme and metalloporphyrins: Relationship to inhibition of heme oxygenase
Authors: Edward E. Cable, Julia W. Cable, Herbert L. Bonkovsky
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Heme- and tin-chelated metalloporphyrins are known to decrease the activity of hepatic delta-amino-levulinate synthase, the rate-controlling enzyme of heme synthesis. We performed experiments in primary chick embryo liver cells with tin-, zinc- and copper-chelated porphyrins to assess their effects on activities of delta-aminolevulinate synthase induced by prior treatment of cells with glutethimide and ferric nitrilotriacetate. These different metalloporphyrins were tested to form the experimental foundation for eventual studies in patients with acute porphyrias, in which uncontrolled induction of hepatic delta-amino-levulinate synthase, which plays a key role in pathogenesis of disease. Zinc and tin porphyrins reduced delta-aminolevulinate synthase activities, whereas copper-chelated porphyrins did not. When heme (iron protoporphyrin) was added with zinc or tin porphyrins, delta-aminolevulinate synthase activity was further reduced. Effects of the nonheme metalloporphyrins on delta-aminolevulinate synthase were closely correlated with their abilities to inhibit heme oxygenase (r = 0.78). The largest decrease of delta-aminolevulinate synthase (67%) was obtained with zinc mesoporphyrin and heme. Dose-response data indicated that only nanomolar concentrations of zinc mesoporphyrin and heme are required to obtain this effect. We found no effect of exposure to heme (10 mumol/L) or heme (200 nmol/L) plus zinc mesoporphyrin (50 nmol/L) on the half-life of activity of delta-aminolevulinate synthase (1.9 to 2.1 hr, regardless of treatment). This result suggests that the repressive effect of heme is directed toward decreasing synthesis, increasing breakdown or decreasing the translation of the messenger RNA of delta-aminolevulinate synthase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase 1 dose-escalation study of the antiplacental growth factor monoclonal antibody RO5323441 combined with bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Ulrik Lassen, Olivier L. Chinot, Catherine McBain, Morten Mau-Sørensen, Vibeke Andrée Larsen, Maryline Barrie, Patrick Roth, Oliver Krieter, Ka Wang, Kai Habben, Jean Tessier, Angelika Lahr, Michael Weller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

We conducted a phase 1 dose-escalation study of RO5323441, a novel antiplacental growth factor (PlGF) monoclonal antibody, to establish the recommended dose for use with bevacizumab and to investigate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety/tolerability, and preliminary clinical efficacy of the combination. Twenty-two participants with histologically confirmed glioblastoma in first relapse were treated every 2 weeks with RO5323441 (625 mg, 1250 mg, or 2500 mg) plus bevacizumab (10 mg/kg). A standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation trial design was used. RO5323441 combined with bevacizumab was generally well tolerated, and the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Two participants experienced dose-limiting toxicities (grade 3 meningitis associated with spinal fluid leak [1250 mg] and grade 3 cerebral infarction [2500 mg]). Common adverse events included hypertension (14 participants, 64%), headache (12 participants, 55%), dysphonia (11 participants, 50%) and fatigue (6 participants, 27%). The pharmacokinetics of RO5323441 were linear, over-the-dose range, and bevacizumab exposure was unaffected by RO5323441 coadministration. Modulation of plasmatic angiogenic proteins, with increases in VEGFA and decreases in FLT4, was observed. Dynamic contrast-enhanced/diffusion-weighted MRI revealed large decreases in vascular parameters that were maintained through the dosing period. Combination therapy achieved an overall response rate of 22.7%, including one complete response, and median progression-free and overall survival of 3.5 and 8.5 months, respectively. The toxicity profile of RO5323441 plus bevacizumab was acceptable and manageable. The observed clinical activity of the combination does not appear to improve on that obtained with single-agent bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
Stem-like Tumor-Initiating Cells Isolated from IL13Rα2 Expressing Gliomas Are Targeted and Killed by IL13-Zetakine–Redirected T Cells
Authors: Christine E. Brown, Renate Starr, Brenda Aguilar, Andrew F. Shami, Catalina Martinez, Massimo D'Apuzzo, Michael E. Barish, Stephen J. Forman, Michael C. Jensen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

To evaluate IL13Rα2 as an immunotherapeutic target for eliminating glioma stem-like cancer initiating cells (GSC) of high-grade gliomas, with particular focus on the potential of genetically engineered IL13Rα2-specific primary human CD8(+) CTLs (IL13-zetakine(+) CTL) to target this therapeutically resistant glioma subpopulation.A panel of low-passage GSC tumor sphere (TS) and serum-differentiated glioma lines were expanded from patient glioblastoma specimens. These glioblastoma lines were evaluated for expression of IL13Rα2 and for susceptibility to IL13-zetakine(+) CTL-mediated killing in vitro and in vivo.We observed that although glioma IL13Rα2 expression varies between patients, for IL13Rα2(pos) cases this antigen was detected on both GSCs and more differentiated tumor cell populations. IL13-zetakine(+) CTL were capable of efficient recognition and killing of both IL13Rα2(pos) GSCs and IL13Rα2(pos) differentiated cells in vitro, as well as eliminating glioma-initiating activity in an orthotopic mouse tumor model. Furthermore, intracranial administration of IL13-zetakine(+) CTL displayed robust antitumor activity against established IL13Rα2(pos) GSC TS-initiated orthotopic tumors in mice.Within IL13Rα2 expressing high-grade gliomas, this receptor is expressed by GSCs and differentiated tumor populations, rendering both targetable by IL13-zetakine(+) CTLs. Thus, our results support the potential usefullness of IL13Rα2-directed immunotherapeutic approaches for eradicating therapeutically resistant GSC populations.
Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin
Authors: DANIEL J. SANTA-CRUZ, JAMES H. MEYERS, DOUGLAS R. GNEPP, BLANCA M. PEREZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin Get access DANIEL J. SANTA‐CRUZ, DANIEL J. SANTA‐CRUZ Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, Washington University Medical Center, Barnes Hospital Plaza, St Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JAMES H. MEYERS, JAMES H. MEYERS Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, Washington University Medical Center, Barnes Hospital Plaza, St Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DOUGLAS R. GNEPP, DOUGLAS R. GNEPP Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, Washington University Medical Center, Barnes Hospital Plaza, St Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BLANCA M. PEREZ BLANCA M. PEREZ Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, Washington University Medical Center, Barnes Hospital Plaza, St Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. *Jewish Hospital, St Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 98, Issue 6, 1 June 1978, Pages 645–654, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb03583.x Published: 01 June 1978
Impact of metabolic syndrome on elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels in the Japanese population
Authors: Takafumi Saito, Yuko Nishise, Naohiko Makino, Hiroaki Haga, Rika Ishii, Kazuo Okumoto, Jun-itsu Ito, Hisayoshi Watanabe, Koji Saito, Hiroaki Takeda, Hitoshi Togashi, Isao Kubota, Makoto Daimon, Takeo Kato, Sumio Kawata
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
The multicenter study of enhanced external counterpulsation (MUST-EECP): effect of EECP on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and anginal episodes
Authors: Rohit R Arora, Tony M Chou, Diwakar Jain, Bruce Fleishman, Lawrence Crawford, Thomas McKiernan, Richard W Nesto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Mutant and Wild-type Ras: Co-conspirators in Cancer
Authors: Tikvah K. Hayes, Channing J. Der
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract Summary: Although the functional interplay between mutant and wild-type Ras in driving tumor initiation and growth has been described, a clear picture of the precise ramifications and mechanisms of this association remains elusive, sometimes with conflicting conclusions. A report in this issue of Cancer Discovery tackles this question, which may have important implications for therapeutic strategies to block mutant Ras for cancer treatment. Cancer Discov; 3(1); 24–6. ©2012 AACR. See related article by Young et al., p. 112
Frequency of glucocorticoid resistance and dependency in Crohn's disease.
Authors: P Munkholm, E Langholz, M Davidsen, V Binder
Journal: Gut (1994)

The outcome of the first steroid treatment course was prospectively studied in a regional cohort of 196 patients with Crohn9s disease diagnosed 1979-1987. The immediate outcome after 30 days, and the prolonged outcome 30 days after treatment had stopped, are described. In all 109 patients treatment was analysed. Complete remission was obtained in 48%, partial remission in 32%, and no response in 20% within 30 days of treatment. Among primary responders (complete and partial remission), 55% remained in prolonged response after treatment had finished, while 45% relapsed or could not be withdrawn from treatment within one year. Localisation of disease, age, sex or clinical symptoms did not significantly correlate with outcome, which can be summarised as prolonged steroid response in 44%, steroid dependency in 36%, and steroid resistant in 20% of the patients.
Importance of early bronchoalveolar lavage in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Sindy Cedeño de Jesús, Cintia Merinas López, Noemi Burgos Guadix
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background and objective  It is becoming increasingly necessary to identify the cause of extensive lung infiltrates in immunocompromised patients. Accordingly, we used bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to evaluate the clinical relevance of early microbiological isolation in immunocompromised patients and to establish the most frequent microbiological causes for each risk group.  Patients and method  We conducted a retrospective review of 196 BAL performed at Virgen de las Nieves Hospital (Granada, Spain) between January 2008 and December 2012 on immunocompromised patients with suspected opportunistic infections.  Results  In 69.8% of patients, BAL was performed within 72 hours of admission (p  Of the 196 patients, microorganisms were isolated in 57.6%: P. jiroveci (20%) Aspergillus spp. (12%), gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (10%), viruses (4.5%) and mycobacteria (6%). Patients were classified according to the cause of the immunosuppression. P. jiroveci was the most common microorganism in transplantation recipients and HIV patients (43.5% and 30.5%, respectively), while in drug-induced immunosuppression case, Aspergillus was the most common. In 40% of cases, specific antibiotic or antifungal therapy was prescribed after isolation. Due to their inmunodepresion state, immunocompromised patients have a 7.41 times higher risk of death, resulting a 10% deaths deaths secondary to the infectious process.  Conclusions:  Microbiological isolates in immunocompromised patients are higher than in immunocompetent ones, so early BAL would increase the etiological diagnosis and would decrease the polymedication and side-effects as well as to reduce the complications secondary to the infection process.
887 A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL OF HEPATIC GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE 3 IDENTIFIED USING A PHENOTYPE-DRIVEN ETHYL-NITROSOUREA (ENU) MUTAGENESIS SCREEN
Authors: P.M. Anstee, D. Concas, B. Wu, P. Potter, R. Cox, H. Kudo, A. Levene, R.D. Goldin, M.R. Thursz, H.C. Thomas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A viral epitope that mimics a self antigen can accelerate but not initiate autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Urs Christen, Kurt H. Edelmann, Dorian B. McGavern, Tom Wolfe, Bryan Coon, Meghann K. Teague, Stephen D. Miller, Michael B.A. Oldstone, Matthias G. von Herrath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

We document here that infection of prediabetic mice with a virus expressing an H-2Kb–restricted mimic ligand to a self epitope present on β cells accelerates the development of autoimmune diabetes. Immunization with the mimic ligand expanded autoreactive T cell populations, which was followed by their trafficking to the islets, as visualized in situ by tetramer staining. In contrast, the mimic ligand did not generate sufficient autoreactive T cells in naive mice to initiate disease. Diabetes acceleration did not occur in H-2Kb–deficient mice or in mice tolerized to the mimic ligand. Thus, arenavirus-expressed mimics of self antigens accelerate a previously established autoimmune process. Sequential heterologous viral infections might therefore act in concert to precipitate clinical autoimmune disease, even if single exposure to a viral mimic does not always cause sufficient tissue destruction.
Finding the true place of<i>Homo habilis</i>in language evolution
Authors: Derek Bickerton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Despite some sound basic assumptions, Wilkins &amp; Wakefield portray a Homo habilis too linguistically sophisticated to fit in with the subsequent fossil record and thereby lose a reasoned explanation for human innovativeness. They err, too, in accepting a single-level model of conceptual structure and in deriving initial linguistic units from calls, a process far more dubious than the derivation of home-sign from naive gesture.
Long-Term Outcomes After Pelvic Radiation for Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Mathias Onsrud, Milada Cvancarova, Taran P. Hellebust, Claes G. Tropé, Gunnar B. Kristensen, Kristina Lindemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

This follow-up of a randomized study was conducted to assess the long-term effects of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage endometrial cancer.Between 1968 and 1974, 568 patients with stage I endometrial cancer were included. After primary surgery, patients were randomly assigned to either vaginal radium brachytherapy followed by EBRT (n = 288) or brachytherapy alone (n = 280). Overall survival was analyzed by using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. We also conducted analyses stratified by age groups.After median 20.5 years (range, 0 to 43.4 years) of follow-up, no statistically significant difference was revealed in overall survival (P = .186) between treatment groups. However, women younger than age 60 years had significantly higher mortality rates after EBRT (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.76) than the control group. The risk of secondary cancer increased after EBRT, especially in women younger than age 60 years (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.30 to 3.15).We observed no survival benefit of external pelvic radiation in early-stage endometrial carcinoma. In women younger than age 60 years, pelvic radiation decreased survival and increased the risk of secondary cancer. Adjuvant EBRT should be used with caution, especially in women with a long life expectancy.