tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
λ 5, but not μ, is required for B cell maturation in a unique γ 2b transgenic mouse line.
Authors: P E Roth, B Kurtz, D Lo, U Storb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

gamma 2b transgenic mice have a severe B cell defect, apparently caused by strong feedback inhibition of endogenous H-gene rearrangement coupled with an inability of gamma 2b to provide the survival/maturation functions of mu. A unique gamma 2b transgenic line, named the C line, was found to permit B cell development. When the C line is crossed with a mu-membrane knockout line, gamma 2b+ B cells develop in the homozygous knockout. In contrast, a transgenic line representative of all the other gamma 2b lines is completely B cell deficient when mu-mem is deleted. Strikingly, the C phenotype is dominant in C x other gamma 2b transgenic line crosses. There is no evidence for higher gamma 2b transgene expression or other position effects on the transgene in the C mouse. The sequences of the three gamma 2b transgene copies in the C line are identical to that of the original transgene. These results have led to the conclusion that in the C line the transgene integration constitutively induces a gene whose expression can replace mu. To more clearly delineate the stage at which the altered phenotype of the C line is expressed, C mice were crossed onto a lambda 5 knockout background. In the absence of lambda 5, the C line produces no B cells. Since it was also found that gamma 2b can associate with the surrogate light chain (sL; lambda 5/Vpre-B), the crosses between C line gamma 2b mice and lambda 5 knockout mice suggest that gamma 2b/sL is required for B cell maturation in this mouse line. Thus, gamma 2b alone is unable to replace mu for pre-B cell survival/maturation; however, in combination with an unknown factor and the sL, gamma 2b can provide these nurturing functions.
Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects.
Authors: N H Bell, S Epstein, A Greene, J Shary, M J Oexmann, S Shaw
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) is increased in obese as compared with nonobese subjects and declines with weight loss. To determine whether alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system occurs in obesity and whether ensuing secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with a reduction in urinary calcium, a study was performed in 12 obese white individuals, five men and seven women, and 14 nonobese white subjects, eight men and six women, ranging in age from 20 to 35 yr. Body weight averaged 106 +/- 6 kg in the obese and 68 +/- 2 kg in the nonobese subjects (P less than 0.01). Each of them were hospitalized on a metabolic ward and were given a constant daily diet containing 400 mg of calcium and 900 mg of phosphorus. Whereas mean serum calcium, serum ionized calcium, and serum phosphorus were the same in the two groups, mean serum immunoreactive PTH (518 +/- 48 vs. 243 +/- 33 pg/ml, P less than 0.001), mean serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] (37 +/- 2 vs. 29 +/- 2, P less than 0.01), and mean serum Gla protein (33 +/- 2 vs. 24 +/- 2 ng/ml, P less than 0.02) were significantly higher, and mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) (8 +/- 1 vs. 20 +/- 2 ng/ml, P less than 0.001) was significantly lower in the obese than in the nonobese men and women. Mean urinary phosphorus was the same in the two groups, whereas mean urinary calcium (115 +/- 10 vs. 166 +/- 13 mg/d, P less than 0.01) was significantly lower, and mean urinary cyclic AMP (3.18 +/- 0.43 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.25 nM/dl GF, P less than 0.01) and creatinine clearance (216 +/- 13 vs. 173 +/- 6 liter/d, P less than 0.01) were significantly higher in the obese than in the nonobese individuals. There was a significant positive correlation between percentage of ideal body weight and urinary cyclic AMP (r = 0.524, P less than 0.01) and between percentage of ideal body weight and serum immunoreactive PTH (r = 0.717, P less than 0.01) in the two groups. The results provide evidence that alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects is characterized by secondary hyperparathyroidism which is associated with enhanced renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D. The reduction of serum 25-OHD in them is attributed to feedback inhibition of hepatic synthesis of the precursor by the increased serum 1,25(OH)2D.
Mortality and morbidity after sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Poul Jennum, Rikke Ibsen, Jakob Kjellberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The long-term prognosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), as compared to age, gender and social controls, are incompletely described.  Using data from the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR) (1998-2010), 30278 individuals with a diagnosis of OSA (23208 men and 7070 women) and 1562 with a diagnosis OHS (1092 men and 470 women) were identified. For every patient, four ages-, sex- and social matched citizens were randomly selected from the Danish Civil Registration System, a total of 120506 OSA and 6241 HS controls. Morbidity and all-cause mortality was extracted from the NPR.  The 10 year survival of treated and untreated OSA patients was 90.7% compared to 92.4% (controls) and of OHS patients 63.9% compared to 85.5% (controls) (both: p  Commonly significant (p  OHS showed higher morbidities to respiratory: 4.03 (3.21-5.07), nervous: 3.17 (2.43-4.15), endocrine, metabolic, nutrietal (4.65 (3.67-5.90), ENT:1.39 (1.30-1.49), circulatory: 1.84 (1.50-2.26), musculoskeletal: 1,25 (1.20-1.30) and digestive illnesses (1.09 (1.03-.14), and injuries 1.12 (10.8-1.16). Neoplasm occurred less often: 0.70 (0.50-0.97).  OSA and especially OHS present significant mortality. The morbidity includes a wide range of medical disorders beside cardiovascular complications.
Molecular and functional effects of organismal ageing on smooth muscle cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Juhee Han, Jin Yu Liu, Daniel D. Swartz, Stelios T. Andreadis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Bone marrow-derived smooth muscle cells (BM-SMCs) have high potential as an autologous cell source of vascular progenitors but normal cell function and turnover frequency may decline with age. In this study we set out to study the effects of organismal ageing on the molecular and functional properties of BM-SMCs. To address this issue, we employed a smooth muscle α-actin promoter (αSMA) driving expression of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) to isolate SMCs from bone marrow of neonatal (nBM-SMCs) or adult (aBM-SMCs) sheep and examined their proliferation potential and contractility. Compared with nBM-SMCs, aBM-SMCs exhibited lower clonogenicity and proliferation potential that could be improved significantly by addition of basic fibroblast growth factor. Vascular constructs from aBM-SMCs showed reduced ability to generate force and contract fibrin hydrogels and this function could be partially restored by addition of transforming growth factor-β1. They also exhibited lower receptor- and non-receptor-mediated vascular contractility and mechanical strength, which was comparable to that of tissue constructs prepared with vascular SMCs from neonatal umbilical veins. In agreement with the contractile properties and mechanical strength of vascular constructs, aBM-SMCs displayed significantly lower expression of αSMA, smoothelin, desmin, type I collagen, and tropoelastin transcripts compared with nBM-SMCs. Understanding the effects of organismal ageing on BM-SMCs and the properties of the resulting vascular constructs may lead to innovative ways to facilitate application of these cells in the treatment of cardiovascular disease which is especially prevalent in the elderly.
Treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain by uncoupling Src from the NMDA receptor complex
Authors: Xue Jun Liu, Jeffrey R Gingrich, Mariana Vargas-Caballero, Yi Na Dong, Ameet Sengar, Simon Beggs, Szu-Han Wang, Hoi Ki Ding, Paul W Frankland, Michael W Salter
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
Review: Unraveling Lyme Disease
Authors: Linda K. Bockenstedt, Gary P. Wormser
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Lyme disease, caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (hereafter referred to as Lyme borrelia), is the most common tick-borne infection in the northern hemisphere (1). The potential for the infection to cause arthritis led to its recognition as a clinical entity in 1975 (2), and since then, the number of reported cases has steadily increased in the United States and elsewhere. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates the annual case incidence of Lyme disease in the United States is ~300,000, ten-fold more than the number reported by physicians. This review is intended to provide rheumatologists with a current understanding of North American Lyme disease, with emphasis on arthritis pathogenesis and expected outcomes from treatment.
RISK FACTOR FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE?
Authors: S.W.V Coppinger, Charles Hudd, P Kendall-Taylor, S Chatterjee, M.C White, M.M Harris, Kathryn Davidson, G.M Besser, J.A.H Wass
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Suggested mechanism for the selective excretion of glucosylated albumin. The effects of diabetes mellitus and aging on this process and the origins of diabetic microalbuminuria.
Authors: A Kowluru, R Kowluru, M W Bitensky, E J Corwin, S S Solomon, J D Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

In previous studies in the Sprague-Dawley rat, Williams and coworkers reported the phenomenon of selective urinary excretion of glucosylated albumin (editing, i.e., the percent glucosylation of urinary albumin is more than that of plasma albumin) by the mammalian kidney. Ghiggeri and coworkers subsequently found that the extent of editing is reduced in human diabetics. Moreover, the reduction in editing in diabetes correlates inversely with levels of microalbuminuria. We also find reduction in the extent of editing in diabetic humans. We find a striking inverse correlation not only with the magnitude of microalbuminuria but also with the extent of plasma albumin glucosylation. In contrast, we found little correlation between the reduction in editing and the duration of diabetes in human subjects. Stz induced diabetes in the Sprague-Dawley rat is associated with a striking and rapid reduction in editing which develops virtually with the same kinetics exhibited by the appearance of hyperglycemia. This loss of editing is rapidly reversed by daily administration of insulin but not by aldose reductase inhibitors. Mannitol infusion in anesthetized Wistar rats resulted in an increase in urine volume, GFR, and microalbuminuria, and was also accompanied by a marked reduction in editing. This reduction was rapidly reversed by a cessation of mannitol infusion. We propose here that glucosylated albumin (in contrast to unmodified albumin) is not reabsorbed by the proximal tubule, and thus, is preferentially excreted in the urine. We postulate that the increase in GFR which emerges as a consequence of increased plasma osmolality in diabetes mellitus delivers more albumin to the proximal tubule than can be reabsorbed. This results in a dilution of excreted glucosylated albumin molecules by excreted unmodified albumin, which appears as the early microscopic albuminuria of diabetes. Paradoxically, the fall in apparent editing is accompanied by an absolute increase in the total quantity of glucosylated albumin excreted. In contrast, we found that editing of glucosylated albumin by the normal kidney is found to gradually decline as a function of age without the appearance of microalbuminuria. This suggests that a different mechanism operates to produce the loss of editing seen with aging in man, and as clearly (but in a shorter absolute time intervals) in the Fischer-344 rat.
UEFA injury study—an injury audit of European Championships 2006 to 2008
Authors: M Hägglund, M Waldén, J Ekstrand
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Objective: To study the incidence and nature of injuries at European Championships, to compare training and match injury characteristics and to study differences in injury incidence between tournaments. Design: Team physicians prospectively recorded individual player exposure and time loss injuries during 12 European Championships (men’s EURO n = 1, men’s Under-21 n = 2, men’s Under-19 n = 3, men’s Under-17 n = 3, women’s Under-19 n = 3) from 2006 to 2008. Setting: International football tournaments Participants: 1594 men and 433 women Main outcome measurement: Injury incidence Results: 224 injuries (45 training, 179 match play) were registered among 208 (10%) players. No differences in training injury incidence were seen between tournaments (range 1.3–3.9 injuries/1000 hours). The men’s EURO had the highest match injury incidence (41.6 injuries/1000 hours) followed by the men’s Under-21 tournaments (33.9). The lowest match injury incidence was seen in the women’s Under-19 tournaments (20.5). Training injuries constituted 20% of all injuries and caused 26% of all match unavailability. A greater proportion of match injuries were due to trauma (83 vs 47%, p&lt;0.001) and occurred from player contact (75 vs 48%, p = 0.018) compared to training injuries. A higher frequency of re-injury was found among training injuries than match injuries (20 vs 6%, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Match injury incidence increased with age, indicating greater risk with higher intensity of play. Training injury incidence was relatively low, but training injuries were responsible for a quarter of all match unavailability and may thus have a profound impact on team performance and should be the object of preventive measures.
The 20-Year Experiment: Accounting for, Explaining, and Evaluating Health Care Cost Containment in Canada and the United States
Authors: R G Evans, M L Barer, C Hertzman
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1991)

Since the late 1960s, concerns over the escalating costs of health care have been expressed with increasing vigor on both sides of the Canada-United States border. This is in sharp contrast with the previous 20 years, during which the principal policy concern was to meet needs by finding ways to expand the flow of resources into health care . In retrospect, the turning point in Canada was marked by the 1970 publication Task Force Reports on the Costs of Health Care (22). The 1970 Annual Report of the Economic Council of Canada (36) also expressed concern about the cost trends of the 1960s . Cost Containment became part of the American health agenda, at least rhetorically, at about the same time. As we attempt to assess the effects of efforts at containment, it is important to remember that before about 1970 no one was really trying . It is only since that time that policies can be said to have succeeded or failed. Perhaps even more important, not everyone is trying to contain costs now . By accounting definition, the costs of health care (total expenditures) are
Ethical Guidelines for Use of Electronic Mail Between Patients and Physicians
Authors: Amy M. Bovi
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

This report examines the ethical implications of electronic communication, focusing on the use of electronic mail (e-mail), considers its impact on a previously established patient-physician relationship, and the limitations in using e-mail to create a new patient-physician relationship. In its recommendations, this report offers guidance to physicians who use electronic mail to communicate with patients and online users. These guidelines maintain that e-mail should not be used to establish a patient-physician relationship, but rather to supplement personal encounters. When using e-mail, physicians hold the same ethical responsibilities to their patients as they do during other encounters and that information must be presented in a manner that meets professional standards. The report requires that physicians notify patients of e-mail's inherent limitations and that patients be given the opportunity to accept these limitations prior to the communication of privileged information. Finally, physicians should be aware of privacy and confidentiality concerns when using e-mail to communicate with patients.
Driving after temporal lobectomy for epilepsy.
Authors: M. A. Falconer, D. C. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The results of treatment of 260 cases of pituitary adenoma by a combined surgical and radiotherapeutic technique have been reviewed: all operations were performed through the trans- frontal route, and all but 19 patients surviving for more than six weeks received irradiation subsequently.The overall mortality rate at operation and within the subse- quent six weeks was 10%.Among the 45 patients (18% of the total) with large or extensive tumours the operative mortality rate was 33 %, while among the remainder it was just under 5 %.The most frequent cause of death at or within six weeks of operation was trauma of or haemorrhage into the brain, while cerebral degeneration was the commonest cause of later deaths.Pituitary insufficiency alone caused only five out of the total of 88 deaths.Symptoms of a recurrent tumour were recognized in 7.5 % of survivors.Most occurred within five years of operation, but occasionally the interval was much longer.Second operations, whether or not performed for recurrence, obtained indifferent results.Vision was improved by treatment in a little over one-half of the patients, and was unchanged in one-quarter.Deterioration occurred in about 15 %.Headache was usually relieved by operation, but lesions of the first and eighth cranial nerves were more common after treatment, owing to surgery and radio- therapy respectively.This investigation was
LYMPHOCYTOMA OF THE FACE.
Authors: F. F. HELLIEE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1939)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 51, Issue 6 p. 260-265 LYMPHOCYTOMA OF THE FACE. F. F. HELLIEE M.A., M.D., M.E.C.P., F. F. HELLIEE M.A., M.D., M.E.C.P.Search for more papers by this author F. F. HELLIEE M.A., M.D., M.E.C.P., F. F. HELLIEE M.A., M.D., M.E.C.P.Search for more papers by this author First published: June 1939 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1939.tb10740.xCitations: 11Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume51, Issue6June 1939Pages 260-265 RelatedInformation
Ca2+ uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: M A Movsesian, M R Bristow, J Krall
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

We measured Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum prepared from left ventricular myocardium obtained from six nonfailing human hearts and nine excised hearts from patients with class IV idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Ca2+ uptake had a Vmax of 593 +/- 82 nmol/mg-min, a K0.5 of 0.68 +/- 0.07 microM, and an nHill of 1.7 +/- 0.1 in the nonfailing hearts. The corresponding values in the excised failing hearts were 593 +/- 36 nmol/mg-min, 0.63 +/- 0.03 microM, and 1.6 +/- 0.1. The beta-receptor density in crude sarcolemma prepared from left ventricular myocardium was 110.0 +/- 15.3 fmol/mg in the unmatched donors and 52.1 +/- 4.5 fmol/mg in the excised failing hearts. These results suggest that abnormal Ca2+ handling in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in humans is not the result of any intrinsic alteration of Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Effect of posture on the spatial vectorcardiogram of man
Authors: D. Maclean, K. G. Lowe, D. Emslie-Smith
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Changes of posture can cause rotation of the spatial QRS loop around its various axes and alter the voltage of the maximum QRS spatial vectors. These have been described in normal subjects and in patients with scalar ECG abnormalities in whom changes of posture may cause atypical changes in the spatial VCG. These atypical responses in patients with ventricular hypertrophy may have a value in diagnosis. Rotation of the spatial VCG with change of posture is partly the result of an altered anatomical position of the heart and partly caused by inherent errors in the method of recording the VCG.
'A matter of faith, not science': analysis of media coverage of prostate cancer screening in Australian news media 2003-2006
Authors: R. MacKenzie, S. Chapman, S. Holding, K. McGeechan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Objective Despite a near universal absence of evidence-based policies supporting population screening for prostate cancer, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is aggressively promoted in the media as a life-saving form of screening.The objective of this study was to examine media coverage of prostate-cancer screening in Australia.Design Frame analysis of all direct or attributed quotes about prostate cancer.
Quorum sensing-dependent virulence during Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation and pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: T. Kohler, R. Guanella, J. Carlet, C. van Delden
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> frequently colonises intubated patients and causes life-threatening ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The role of quorum sensing (QS), regulating virulence in this pathogen, during colonisation and development of VAP is unknown. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>P aeruginosa</i> isolates and tracheal aspirates were prospectively collected from intubated patients. Genotypes and QS-independent virulence traits (<i>exoU</i>, <i>exoS</i>, PAPI-1 and PAPI-2) harboured by colonising isolates were identified in vitro with the CLONDIAG array. The production of elastase and rhamnolipids was measured to assess QS-dependent virulence. To monitor QS activity ‘in patient’, total RNA was extracted directly from tracheal aspirates and expression of QS genes was measured. <h3>Results</h3> 320 <i>P aeruginosa</i> isolates and tracheal aspirates were obtained from 29 patients of whom 6 developed VAP (20%). Seven patients (24%) were initially colonised by QS-proficient isolates; 57% of them developed VAP as compared with 9% of patients colonised by QS-deficient isolates (p=0.018). Of all tested virulence traits from the initial colonising isolates, only rhamnolipids were associated with development of VAP (p=0.003). VAP occurred more frequently in patients colonised during the entire observation period by isolates producing high levels of rhamnolipids (p=0.001). ‘In patient’ monitoring of QS genes showed non-induced expression profiles in patients without VAP. In contrast, exponential induction of QS circuit and target gene expression was observed for two patients with VAP, and an ‘in patient’ QS gene expression profile and hierarchy similar to those in vitro was measured for one patient with VAP. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Production of the QS-dependent virulence factor rhamnolipids by colonising <i>P aeruginosa</i> isolates is associated with development of VAP.