tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computer-tailored interventions to facilitate health behavioural change
Authors: Luke Wolfenden, Nicole Nathan, Christopher M Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

▸ Krebs P, Prochaska JO, Rossi JS. Defining what works in tailoring: a meta-analysis of computer-tailored interventions for health behaviour change. Prev Med 2010;51:214–21.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

Much of the chronic disease burden could be averted through adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviours.1 Print and computer communication channels have the capacity to reach large numbers of people at relatively low cost.2 Previous reviews have suggested that computer tailoring, that is selecting communication content based on data-driven decision rules following an individual assessment, may improve the effectiveness of such interventions.3

This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of computer-tailored interventions focusing on four health behaviours (smoking cessation, physical activity, diet and regular mammography screening). Moderators of effect were also examined.

Four electronic databases and reference lists of relevant studies were searched independently by two reviewers for trials published between 1988 and 2009. Eligible studies were trials comparing computer-tailored interventions, delivered primarily via communication channels that did not use live counsellors, with a non-tailored control group.

Interventions included individual patient feedback derived by computer-based …

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Validation of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Maartie de Wit, Frans Pouwer, Reinoud J.B.J. Gemke, Henriette A. Delemarre-van de Waal, Frank J. Snoek
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

It is recommended that the psychological status of adolescents with diabetes be assessed periodically as part of ongoing care. The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is a short self-report instrument that appears suitable for this purpose. This study is the first to assess the reliability and validity of the WHO-5 in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Ninety-one adolescents with type 1 diabetes (aged 13-17 years) from four pediatric clinics completed the WHO-5, along with other psychological measures: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale (DFCS), and the mental health and self-esteem subscales of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ-CF87). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis were conducted. Readability, homogeneity, and item-total and inter-item correlations were determined. Concurrent validity was examined by calculating correlation coefficients among all measures. Sensitivity and specificity of the WHO-5 were tested against those for the CES-D using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.CFA confirmed the one-factor structure; Cronbach's alpha of this 5-item scale was 0.82. The WHO-5 showed a moderate to strong correlation with the CES-D (r = -0.67), with the mental health (r = 0.60) and self-esteem (r = 0.43) subscales of the CHQ-CF87, and with the DFCS (r = -0.34), confirming concurrent validity. ROC curve analysis confirmed the WHO-5 cutoff point of <50 for identification of mild to severe depressive affect (sensitivity 89% and specificity 86%).The WHO-5 is a brief, patient-friendly measure of positive well-being with good psychometric properties that appears suitable for routine use in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
TLR-independent control of innate immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans by the TIR domain adaptor protein TIR-1, an ortholog of human SARM
Authors: Carole Couillault, Nathalie Pujol, Jérôme Reboul, Laurence Sabatier, Jean-François Guichou, Yuji Kohara, Jonathan J Ewbank
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: extended long-term follow-up of the IBIS-I breast cancer prevention trial
Authors: Jack Cuzick, Ivana Sestak, Simon Cawthorn, Hisham Hamed, Kaija Holli, Anthony Howell, John F Forbes
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)

BackgroundFour previously published randomised clinical trials have shown that tamoxifen can reduce the risk of breast cancer in healthy women at increased risk of breast cancer in the first 10 years of follow-up. We report the long-term follow-up of the IBIS-I trial, in which the participants and investigators remain largely masked to treatment allocation.MethodsIn the IBIS-I randomised controlled trial, premenopausal and postmenopausal women 35–70 years of age deemed to be at an increased risk of developing breast cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive oral tamoxifen 20 mg daily or matching placebo for 5 years. Patients were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups by telephone or fax according to a block randomisation schedule (permuted block sizes of six or ten). Patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment by use of central randomisation and coded drug supply. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of breast cancer (invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ), analysed by intention to treat. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess breast cancer occurrence and mortality. The trial is closed to recruitment and active treatment is completed, but long-term follow-up is ongoing. This trial is registered with controlledtrials.com, number ISRCTN91879928.FindingsBetween April 14, 1992, and March 30, 2001, 7154 eligible women recruited from genetics clinics and breast care clinics in eight countries were enrolled into the IBIS-I trial and were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups: 3579 to tamoxifen and 3575 to placebo. After a median follow up of 16·0 years (IQR 14·1–17·6), 601 breast cancers have been reported (251 [7·0%] in 3579 patients in the tamoxifen group vs 350 [9·8%] in 3575 women in the placebo group; hazard ratio [HR] 0·71 [95% CI 0·60–0·83], p<0·0001). The risk of developing breast cancer was similar between years 0–10 (226 [6·3%] in 3575 women in the placebo group vs 163 [4·6%] in 3579 women in the tamoxifen group; hazard ratio [HR] 0·72 [95% CI 0·59–0·88], p=0·001) and after 10 years (124 [3·8%] in 3295 women vs 88 [2·6%] in 3343, respectively; HR 0·69 [0·53–0·91], p=0·009). The greatest reduction in risk was seen in invasive oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (HR 0·66 [95% CI 0·54–0·81], p<0·0001) and ductal carcinoma in situ (0·65 [0·43–1·00], p=0·05), but no effect was noted for invasive oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (HR 1·05 [95% CI 0·71–1·57], p=0·8).InterpretationThese results show that tamoxifen offers a very long period of protection after treatment cessation, and thus substantially improves the benefit-to-harm ratio of the drug for breast cancer prevention.FundingCancer Research UK (UK) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia).
Arthur Llewellyn Lloyd
Authors: I. M. T. F. Brookes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Arthur Llewellyn Lloyd was born in Birmingham. He was educated at Bishop Vesey’s School, Sutton Coldfield, and Birmingham Medical School. His ambition to become a doctor could be traced back to his early teens, when he had two six month debilitating bouts of rheumatic fever—which confined him to bed in the preantibiotic era.

After house jobs at the General Hospital Birmingham, he was posted to Malaysia in 1952 with the Royal Army Medical Corps to serve his two years of national service. He married Barbara Eades, a fellow doctor, during his three weeks of embarkation leave. With his affable and gregarious personality, he made lifelong friends in the RAMC, including the future director general of army medical services, Lieutenant General Sir Alexander Drummond, with whom he shared an abiding passion for the Order of St John.

On his return in 1954, Llew joined his wife, Barbara, in general practice in inner city Small Heath. Barbara …
Ultraviolet B radiation exerts enhancing effects on the production of a complement component, C3, by interferon-γ-stimulated cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, in contrast to photochemotherapy and ultraviolet A radiation that show suppressive effects
Authors: T. Terui, M. Funayama, A. Terunuma, K. Takahashi, H. Tagami
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Ultraviolet B radiation exerts enhancing effects on the production of a complement component, C3, by interferon‐γ‐stimulated cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, in contrast to photochemotherapy and ultraviolet A radiation that show suppressive effects Get access T. Terui, T. Terui Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo‐machi 1‐1, Aoba‐ku, Sendai 980‐8574, Japan Tadashi Terui. E‐mail: terui@mail.cc.tohoku.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Funayama, M. Funayama Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo‐machi 1‐1, Aoba‐ku, Sendai 980‐8574, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Terunuma, A. Terunuma Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo‐machi 1‐1, Aoba‐ku, Sendai 980‐8574, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Takahashi, K. Takahashi Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo‐machi 1‐1, Aoba‐ku, Sendai 980‐8574, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Tagami H. Tagami Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo‐machi 1‐1, Aoba‐ku, Sendai 980‐8574, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 142, Issue 4, 1 April 2000, Pages 660–668, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03410.x Published: 01 April 2000
Visual imagery and geometric enthymeme: The example of Euclid I.1
Authors: Keith K. Niall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Students of geometry do not prove Euclid's first theorem by examining an accompanying diagram, or by visualizing the construction of a figure. The original proof of Euclid's first theorem is incomplete, and this gap in logic is undetected by visual imagination. While cognition involves truth values, vision does not: the notions of inference and proof are foreign to vision.
Phylogenomic Analyses of the BARREN STALK1/LAX PANICLE1 (BA1/LAX1) Genes and Evidence for Their Roles During Axillary Meristem Development
Authors: Daniel P. Woods, Chelsea L. Hope, Simon T. Malcomber
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

The diversity of plant architectural form is largely determined by the extent and duration of axillary meristem (AM) derived lateral growth. The orthologous basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins maize BARREN STALK1 (BA1) and rice LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1) are essential for the formation of AMs during vegetative development and all lateral structures during inflorescence development, but whether BA1/LAX1 co-orthologs exist outside of the grass family is unclear. Here, we present Bayesian phylogenetic evidence of a well-supported BA1/LAX1 clade comprised monocots and eudicots, estimating an origin for the lineage at least near the base of flowering plants. Genomic analyses in Arabidopsis, papaya, medicago, rice, sorghum, and maize indicate that BA1/LAX1 genes reside in syntenic regions, although there has also been a complex pattern of gene duplication and loss during the diversification of the angiosperm clade. BA1/LAX1 mRNA expression coincided with the initiation of leaves and associated AMs in the vegetative meristems of broccoli, medicago, and papaya implicating a role for the lineage in the formation of AMs in eudicots as well as monocots. Expression on the adaxial surface of lateral inflorescence structures was conserved in all sampled flowering plants, whereas mRNA expression in leaves of Arabidopsis, broccoli, and papaya also links BA1/LAX1 co-orthologs with roles in regulating leaf development, possibly as a downstream target of auxin regulating genes. Together these data point to roles for BA1/LAX1 genes during AM formation, leaf, and inflorescence development in diverse flowering plants and lend support to the hypothesis that the same genetic mechanisms regulate the development of different AM types.
Improved Plasma FFA/Insulin Homeostasis Is Independently Associated With Improved Glucose Tolerance After a 1-Year Lifestyle Intervention in Viscerally Obese Men
Authors: Anne-Laure Borel, Geneviève Boulet, Julie-Anne Nazare, Jessica Smith, Natalie Alméras, Angelo Tremblay, Jean Bergeron, Paul Poirier, André C. Carpentier, Jean-Pierre Després
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Elevated plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are one important link between excess visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and the development of type 2 diabetes. Effects of lifestyle interventions on FFA metabolism are poorly known. This open-label study was conducted to test the effects of a 1-year healthy eating/physical activity intervention program on plasma FFA homeostasis in 117 viscerally obese men with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance (waist circumference≥90 cm, triglycerides≥1.69 mmol/L, and/or HDL-cholesterol<1.03 mmol/L).Body weight, body composition, and fat distribution were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry/computed tomography. Oral loads of lipid (60 g fat/m2 body surface area) and glucose (75 g) were measured before and after the intervention.After 1 year of lifestyle intervention, visceral adiposity was reduced by -26% (95% CI -29 to -23), whereas cardiorespiratory fitness improved by +20% (95% CI +16 to +24). After 1 year, the suppression of FFAs after the glucose load improved, whereas insulin concentrations were drastically reduced. After the oral lipid load, the late increase in FFA was reduced together with reduced circulating insulin. We calculated an insulin sensitivity index to reflect the concentration of insulin needed to manage plasma FFAs after the oral lipid load, which increased after the intervention and was associated with improved glucose tolerance, independent of changes in visceral or total adiposity.A 1-year healthy eating/physical activity intervention improved the suppression of FFAs after oral glucose and lipid load tests in viscerally obese men, possibly due to improved responsiveness to insulin. This insulin-mediated regulation of postprandial plasma FFA levels could be a link between visceral obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis.
Paired phrenic nerve stimuli for the detection of diaphragm fatigue in humans
Authors: MI Polkey, D Kyroussis, CH Hamnegard, PD Hughes, GF Rafferty, J Moxham, M Green
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) elicited by paired bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation may be viewed as the sum of the Pdi values produced by the first (t1) and second (t2) stimulus. The Pdi at t2 (P[di,t2]) is a function of the interstimulus interval. A reduction in the ratio obtained by dividing Pdi,t2 at 10 Hz (P[di,t2,10]) by Pdi at 100 Hz (P[di,t2,100]) (t2(10:100)) has been proposed as a test of low frequency diaphragm fatigue. The aim of the present study was to establish whether this change could also be detected using paired cervical magnetic nerve stimulation (pCMS), and whether t2(10:100) was influenced by lung volume. We studied healthy subjects at functional residual capacity (FRC), at 0.5 and 1.0 L below FRC, and at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 L above FRC. The subjects were then subjected to a fatiguing protocol (2 min of maximal isocapnic ventilation (MIV)). Studies were repeated at FRC 20 and 60 min after MIV and between these times at 1.0 L below and 1.5 L above FRC. In the unfatigued state, t2(10:100) had a negative relationship with increasing lung volume (r2=0.98, p=0.002). After MIV there was a fall in the Pdi elicited by a single stimulus (mean fall at 20 min 17.9% and at 60 min 14.6%, p<0.03 for both). t2(10:100) fell by a mean 28.1% after 20 min and mean 22.9% at 60 min (p<0.03 for both). This change was mainly mediated by a fall in the P[di,t2,10]. The t2(10:100) was not able to distinguish between fatigue and acute hyperinflation. We conclude that paired cervical magnetic nerve stimulation may be used to detect low frequency diaphragm fatigue but that it remains important to control for lung volume.
Stimulation of serotonin2 receptors in the ventrolateral medulla of the cat results in nonuniform increases in sympathetic outflow.
Authors: A K Mandal, K J Kellar, W P Norman, R A Gillis
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Topical application of the serotonin2 agonist, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane or DOI, in a dose of 30 micrograms/side to the intermediate area of the ventrolateral surface of the medulla produced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure with no significant change in heart rate both in intact animals (n = 8) and in cervically vagotomized animals (n = 3). The pressor response of DOI was blocked by pretreatment of the intermediate area with ketanserin, a serotonin2 antagonist (n = 7). Pretreatment with intravenous phentolamine did not block the pressor response of DOI (n = 3). However, this pressor response could be counteracted by intravenous propranolol (n = 5) or by bilateral stellate ganglionectomy (n = 3). These data suggest that sympathoexcitation by centrally applied DOI selectively increased cardiac inotropy but not chronotropy. Further studies indicate that DOI increased contractile force without increasing heart rate and that the positive inotropic effect of DOI could be counteracted by bilateral stellate ganglionectomy. Bilateral microinjections of DOI into the subretrofacial nucleus in a dose of 100 ng (n = 3) and a dose of 300 ng (n = 3) increased mean arterial blood pressure by 23 +/- 2 and 44 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively, without producing any changes in heart rate. These data suggest that DOI has a central site of action in the ventrolateral medulla, presumably at the subretrofacial nucleus, which leads to selective sympathoexcitation of the cardiac ventricles.
Duration of effect of single-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate on AMP-induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: B. Luijk, R.D. Kempsford, A.M. Wright, P. Zanen, J-W.J. Lammers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Airway hyperresponsiveness induced by adenosine‐5'‐monophosphate (AMP) is regarded as a reliable model for allergic asthma and for the evaluation of anti-asthmatic drugs. Single-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are known to be protective in this model, but the duration of action of these drugs in this model has never been studied. The duration of ICS protection was determined by administration of single-dose fluticasone propionate (FP; 1,000 µg) up to 26 h before AMP challenge. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-way crossover study was performed in 13 mild asthmatics (mean±sd predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) 98±7%). Each subject received placebo and FP (at 26, 14 or 2 h prior to the AMP challenge). Furthermore, the marker exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) was studied after administration at these time points to investigate whether eNO also demonstrates the duration of action of ICS. The doubling concentrations difference (DCD) of AMP causing a 20% fall in FEV 1 , when FP was administered 26, 14 or 2 h prior to challenge, was significantly increased as compared with placebo: DCD (95% confidence interval) at 26 h, 0.73 (0.20–1.26), p=0.008; 14 h, 1.50 (0.99–2.01), p&lt;0.001; and 2 h, 2.89 (2.37–3.40), p&lt;0.001. However, eNO was not significantly affected at these time points. In conclusion, a single dose of 1,000 µg inhaled fluticasone propionate protects against adenosine‐5'‐monophosphate airway hyperresponsiveness up to 26 h after dosing. This study suggests that adenosine‐5'‐monophosphate challenge can be used as a sensitive marker to study the duration of action of inhaled corticosteroids.
Mid-term follow-up of transluminal endovascular graft placement with INOUE stent graft for aortic aneurysms and dissection: single center experience
Authors: Kenichi Abe, Takeshi Kimura, Arata Tabuchi, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Naoya Hamasaki, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi, Kanji Inoue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
What Mechanisms Underlie Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure?
Authors: David A. Kass, Jean G.F. Bronzwaer, Walter J. Paulus
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Abnormalities of diastolic function are common to virtually all forms of cardiac failure. However, their underlying mechanisms, precise role in the generation and phenotypic expression of heart failure, and value as specific therapeutic targets remain poorly understood. A growing proportion of heart failure patients, particularly among the elderly, have apparently preserved systolic function, and this is fueling interest for better understanding and treating diastolic abnormalities. Much of the attention in clinical and experimental studies has focused on relaxation and filling abnormalities of the heart, whereas chamber stiffness has been less well studied, particularly in humans. Nonetheless, new insights from basic and clinical research are helping define the regulators of diastolic dysfunction and illuminate novel targets for treatment. This review puts these developments into perspective with the major aim of highlighting current knowledge gaps and controversies.