tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do higher thoracic irradiation doses improve time to progression and overall survival in patients with small cell lung cancer?
Authors: D. D. Scepanovic, N. D. Bajic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

7587 Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly chemo and radio sensitive tumor. We evaluated two different radiotherapy (RT) doses applied sequentially with chemotherapy (CT) on time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) of the patients (pts) with SCLC. Methods: From 1998 till 2003, 81 pts were treated for SCLC, intrathoracic stage of disease. Median age was 56 years (yrs) (min=36, max=72). Female : male = 1 : 4. Patients were initially treated with four doses of CT (cisplatin 80mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 - 3, 3 weeks). One month later, pts received up to 45 Gy, 2 Gy per day, 5 days per week (41 pts) or above 45 Gy, classical fractionation (40 pts), to mediastinum and tumor. Range of higher RT doses was 55 Gy to 60 Gy, classical fractionation. No prophylactic brain irradiation was applied. We evaluated if different RT doses had influence on TTP and OS. Results: The median follow-up time was 12 months (min=3, max=60) for all group of pts (81 pts). The median TTP in first group of pts (41 pts) was 2 months (min=1, max=20) while median TTP in second group of pts (40 pts) was 10 months (min=6, max=60). There were no statistically significant difference in relapse rate between two groups of pts (p>0.05, Fisher test). However, there was difference but not statistically significant in 1 year TTP (p=0.05, chi-square) while there was statistically significant difference in 2 years TTP favoring higher doses of RT (p<0.05, chi-square). The median OS was 8 months for first group of pts (41 pts) (min=3, max=26) while 16 months (min=6, max=60) for second group of pts (40 pts). There were no statistically significant advantage among two groups of pts for 1 year OS (p>0.05, chi-square). However, there were statistically significant difference in OS favoring higher RT doses for 2 years OS (p<0.05, chi-square). Conclusions: CT remains the corner stone therapy of SCLC. We found that higher RT doses applied sequentially with CT had influence on long term TTP and OS (2 years). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
HDAC Inhibition Induces MicroRNA-182, which Targets RAD51 and Impairs HR Repair to Sensitize Cells to Sapacitabine in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Tsung-Huei Lai, Brett Ewald, Alma Zecevic, Chaomei Liu, Melanie Sulda, Dimitrios Papaioannou, Ramiro Garzon, James S. Blachly, William Plunkett, Deepa Sampath
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: The double-strand breaks elicited by sapacitabine, a clinically active nucleoside analogue prodrug, are repaired by RAD51 and the homologous recombination repair (HR) pathway, which could potentially limit its toxicity. We investigated the mechanism by which histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors targeted RAD51 and HR to sensitize acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells to sapacitabine. Experimental Design: Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the role of HDACs in silencing miR-182 in AML. Immunoblotting, gene expression, overexpression, or inhibition of miR-182 and luciferase assays established that miR-182 directly targeted RAD51. HR reporter assays, apoptotic assays, and colony-forming assays established that the miR-182, as well as the HDAC inhibition–mediated decreases in RAD51 inhibited HR repair and sensitized cells to sapacitabine. Results: The gene repressors, HDAC1 and HDAC2, became recruited to the promoter of miR-182 to silence its expression in AML. HDAC inhibition induced miR-182 in AML cell lines and primary AML blasts. miR-182 targeted RAD51 protein both in luciferase assays and in AML cells. Overexpression of miR-182, as well as HDAC inhibition–mediated induction of miR-182 were linked to time- and dose-dependent decreases in the levels of RAD51, an inhibition of HR, increased levels of residual damage, and decreased survival after exposure to double-strand damage-inducing agents. Conclusions: Our findings define the mechanism by which HDAC inhibition induces miR-182 to target RAD51 and highlights a novel pharmacologic strategy that compromises the ability of AML cells to conduct HR, thereby sensitizing AML cells to DNA-damaging agents that activate HR as a repair and potential resistance mechanism. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3537–49. ©2016 AACR.
First experience with a new implantable gold marker for extracranial high precision radiotherapy
Authors: V. Vinh-Hung, J. De Mey, P. De Sutter, B. Neyns, Y. Van Nieuwenhove, H. Reynaert, D. Verellen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5144 Background: External skin markings drawn on the patient, or radiologically defined bone structures, are used as references for positioning in conventional radiotherapy (RT). But these are poor surrogates of tumor localization for the exact positioning of patients in stereotactic RT. There is growing consensus that intra-tumoral markers are required. Gold grains or seeds present the risk of migration or dislodgement. Recently, a flexible helicoidal gold coil externally shaped as a wire has been available, the Visicoil (RadioMed, Tyngsboro, MA). We report our first experience with five patients receiving high-dose focal RT for abdomino-pelvic recurrence and metastasis. Methods: After informed consent, a percutaneous CT-guided biopsy was performed for histological confirmation. A 2-cm length 0.75-mm outer diameter Visicoil was inserted at the same biopsy location without additional puncture or needle displacement. The RT was performed with the conformational system Novalis Shaped Beam Surgery (BrainLab, Heimstetten, Germany). Treatment delivery used the integrated ExacTrac X-ray positioning, matching online X-ray images with the RT-planning's digitally reconstructed radiographs. The five patients were treated between May and November 2003. Treated localizations and RT doses were: multiple liver metastases, of a rectum primary, 45 Gy/3 fractions (f), and of a breast tumor, 30 Gy/3f; metastasis of a cervix in the left kidney loge, 40 Gy/5f; and two vaginal recurrences of a cervix, both 40 Gy/10f. Results: No problem were observed with matching X-ray and planning, except a patient with vaginal recurrence, tumor necrosis occurred, the marker was eliminated (asymptomatic), RT reverted to matching of bone structures in the last 5 sessions. In three patients evaluable after treatment, local response was observed in all three. There were no symptoms attributable to the marker. One patient with the highest RT dose had tumor shrinkage and retraction of surrounding liver tissue that caused moderate pain. Conclusions: Placement of the coil was well tolerated. Geometrical accuracy was good. A phase II study to evaluate the marker daily positioning has started. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Randomized phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of adding sequential half body irradiation (SHBI) to adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients with &gt;10 positive lymph nodes
Authors: M. S. Barsoum, R. M. Gafar, M. M. Nazmy, A. Niazy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

627 Background: Adjuvant sequential half body irradiation (SHBI) is both interesting as well as scientifically sound approach with proven efficacy in many tumors. Methods: Patients with node positive (≥10) breast cancer were randomized in this phase II trial to receive either 6 cycles of adjuvant cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m 2 , 5FU 500 mg/m 2 and epirubicin 100 mg/m 2 followed by postoperative local irradiation (Arm A) versus the same adjuvant treatment plus consolidation SHBI staring 3 weeks after end of adjuvant treatment with upper half 750cGy /5 fractions /1week then one month gap followed by the lower half for the same dose (Arm B) Results: Between November 1999 and November 2000 a total of 70 patients who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled. Arm A (n=35) and arm B (n=35) were almost comparable with the respect to different prognostic factors. There was significant improvement in the disease free survival (DFS) at 5 years in arm B. The DFS was 65±8% in arm B while it was 33±8% in arm A (log-rank test: P =0.0036). In subset analysis the difference is apparent in subgroups of patients with less potential metastatic burden, which are T2 cases and ER positive cases. The DFS at 5 years was 83% in arm B and it was 35% in arm A (P=0.0008) in T2 cases. In the subgroup of patients with ER positive tumors (n=51), the DFS at 4 years was 58% in arm B and it was 25% in arm A (P=0.0072). The complications of the addition of SHBI were mild (grades 2 and 3) and mainly gastrointestinal (vomiting, diarrhea and colic). In both arms of the study there were no life-threatening complications or treatment-related mortality. Conclusions: SHBI was found to be a well-tolerated consolidation regimen with acceptable side effects and it showed significant improvement of the DFS in breast cancer patients with ≥ 10 positive lymph nodes especially in the relative cases with good prognosis (T2-ER positive). This makes it worthy of testing in a phase III trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Single CD271 marker isolates mesenchymal stem cells from human dental pulp
Authors: Ruth Alvarez, Hye-Lim Lee, Christine Hong, Cun-Yu Wang
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool in regenerative medicine due to their capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages. In addition to MSCs isolated from bone marrow (BMSCs), adult MSCs are isolated from craniofacial tissues including dental pulp tissues (DPs) using various stem cell surface markers. However, there has been a lack of consensus on a set of surface makers that are reproducibly effective at isolating putative multipotent dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs). In this study, we used different combinations of surface markers (CD51/CD140α, CD271, and STRO-1/CD146) to isolate homogeneous populations of DMSCs from heterogeneous dental pulp cells (DPCs) obtained from DP and compared their capacity to undergo multilineage differentiation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed that 27.3% of DPCs were CD51+/CD140α+, 10.6% were CD271+, and 0.3% were STRO-1+/CD146+. Under odontogenic conditions, all three subsets of isolated DMSCs exhibited differentiation capacity into odontogenic lineages. Among these isolated subsets of DMSCs, CD271+ DMSCs demonstrated the greatest odontogenic potential. While all three combinations of surface markers in this study successfully isolated DMSCs from DPCs, the single CD271 marker presents the most effective stem cell surface marker for identification of DMSCs with high odontogenic potential. Isolated CD271+ DMSCs could potentially be utilized for future clinical applications in dentistry and regenerative medicine. Adult stem cells in dental pulp can be isolated via a single surface protein and efficiently grow into various cell types. It has been a matter of debate how best to isolate these cells so that they retain the ability to develop into various specialized tissues. Cun-Yu Wang and Christine Hong from the UCLA School of Dentistry in Los Angeles used various combinations of antibodies against surface proteins to purify the stem cells but none led to a uniform stem cell population that efficiently grew into different cell types. However, the researchers found that a single surface protein was sufficient to isolate the stem cells, which could then be successfully grown into mature cells forming teeth or cartilage. This isolation protocol will be of interest for future application in dentistry.
만성 바이러스 간염에서 인터페론 치료의 효과에 대한 장기 추적 관찰 - 만성 바이러스 간염 222 예의 127 주간 추적관찰 -
Authors: 김진일, 나종순, 방춘상, 박수헌, 한준열, 서정민, 김재광, 이영석, 정규원, 선희식 ( Jin Il Kim), Jong Soon Na, Choon Sang Bang, Soo Heon Park, Joon Yeol Han, Jeong Min Suh, Jae Kwang Kim, Young Seok Lee, Kyu Won Chung, Hee Sik Sun
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (1997)

Background/Aims: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of interferon in chrcnic viral hepatitis, interferon was administered to 222 patients with biopsy proven chronic viral hepatitis. Methods: 32 patients were excluded and the 190 patients was included, 149 men and 41 women. Average age was 34.4+-8.93 (14-67) years. 161 cases had HBsAg and HBeAg, and 29 cases had anti-HCV Ab. Three millicn units of interferon beta were given to 37 patients with chronic B hepatitis, daily for one month Six million units of interferon alpha were given to 124 patients with chronic B hepatitis and 29 patients with chr onic C hepatitis, three times a week for six months. Results: 1) Out of 124 patients with clronic hepatitis B treated with a-interferon, HBeAg negativity for more tban six months was observed in 25 patients (20.2%), and defined as responder group. The 23 patients (18.5%) were defined as probable responder, because of persistent seroregativity of HBeAg for the last 6 months, despite of fluctuation of sercangativity during the follow-up. The 29 patients (23.4%) were defined as probable non-responder because of recurrence of HBeAg, which once was cleared but reappeared during last 6 months. But there was no seroconversion in 47 cases (37.9%). The overall response rate was 38.7%. 2) Out of 37 patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with B-interferon, 7 patients (18.9%) were responder, 6 patients (16.2%) probable responder, 12 patients (32.4%) probable non-responder, 12 patients (32.4%) non-responder. The overall response rate was 35.1%. 3) Out of 29 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with a-interferon, normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level for mcrre than six months was observed in 9 patients (31.0%), and defined as responder group. The 3 patients (10.3%) were defined as probable responder, because ALT levels fluctuated but wes normalized during the last 6 months. The 5 patients (17.2%) were defined as pobable ncn-mponder, because of persistent fluctuation of ALT levels during the last 6manths, which once were normalized but reelevated. In 12 patients (41.4%), there had never been a normalization of ALT level. The overall resporate was 41.1%. 4) The period of HBeAg seropositivity was 1.33 times longer than the period of seronegativity. The faster the seroconvmion, the more the tendency to be a respander for the patients with chronic hepatitis B. Conclusion: Interferon therapy may be effective in some cleonic viral hepatitis. (Korean J Hepatol 1997;6:241  251)
Accuracy and Reliability of Internet Resources for Information on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Jolene H. Fisher, Darragh O’Connor, Alana M. Flexman, Shane Shapera, Christopher J. Ryerson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Patients commonly use the Internet as a resource for health information; however, no studies have evaluated the online information about idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).We sought to determine the readability, content (compared with established guidelines), bias, and quality of online IPF resources.We analyzed the first 200 hits for "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis" in Google, Yahoo, and Bing. Each website was evaluated for content related to IPF features and treatments that are discussed in clinical guidelines. Website quality was assessed using the validated DISCERN instrument.Eligibility criteria were met in 181 websites. The median reading grade level was 12. More content was provided in scientific resources (academic institutions or governmental organizations) and foundation/advocacy organization sites than in personal commentary (blog) sites; however, most sites provided incomplete and/or inaccurate information. Nonindicated and/or harmful pharmacotherapies for IPF were described as potential IPF treatments in 48% of websites and were most often recommended in foundation/advocacy organization websites. Azathioprine and corticosteroids were discussed as potential chronic treatments of IPF in 13.3 and 30.6% of the 98 websites that had been updated after publication of data demonstrating harm from these medications. Website quality (DISCERN score) was poor in all site types but was worse in news/media reports and personal commentary (blog) sites than in sites from scientific and foundation/advocacy organizations.Patient-directed online information on IPF is frequently incomplete, inaccurate, and outdated. There is no reliable method for patients to identify sites that provide appropriate information on IPF.
Dificulties of primary ciliary dyskinesia diagnosis in children
Authors: Liliya Selimzyanova, Elena Sereda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: primary ciliary diskinesia (PCD) is rare disease, so it is often diagnosed late.  Aim: to identify age at PCD diagnosis in children and misdiagnoses, which patients had had before they got right diagnosis.  Methods: a retrospective study of medical histories in 57 children with PCD  Results: there were 35 (61%) patients with situs inversus (SI) and 22 (39%) – without. Median age at onset of the symptoms was 0 (IQR 0-0,3;range 0-4). Median age at diagnosis was lower in children with SI: 4 (IQR 0,8-7, range 0-4) compared to those without: 7,6 (IQR 3,1-13, range 0,3-16) (p  Conclusion: diagnosis of PCD is quite difficult, especially in children without SI.
Direct Contact with Stromal Cells in Association with SDF-1 Is Important for B-Lineage Differentiation Toward CD19+ ProB Cells from Human Hematopoietic Precursors, but Dispensable for Generation of CD7+CD45RA+ Multipotent Lymphoid Precursors
Authors: Hirohito Minami, Kohshi Ohishi, Yoshiki Nakamori, Masahiro Masuya, Naoyuki Katayama
Journal: Blood (2014)
Pulmonary nocardiosis (PN) complicating chronic pulmonary diseases
Authors: Marta Díez-Ferrer, Yolanda Ruiz, Carmen Ardanuy, Fe Tubau, Jordi Camara, Jordi Dorca
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We reviewed 32 PN consecutive episodes seen in our Department in 10 years. Isolates were studied by sequencing the 900-bp internal fragment of the 16S rRNA gene and susceptibility tests by microdilution (Sensititre®) were repeated. Patient characteristics: 23 (72%) males, 71±14 years, 21 (66%) active/former smokers, moderate-severe COPD in 19 (59%), bronchiectasis in 8 (25%) and ILDs in 5 (16%). Oral/IV steroids in 15 (47%), inhaled steroids in 22 (69%), both in 5 (16%), and none in 6 (19%). Clinical course duration: 2 weeks in 14 (44%), 2-6 weeks in 12 (37%) and 6 weeks in 6 (19%). Clinical picture: productive cough in 26 (81%), fever in 18 (56%) and chest pain in 11 (34%). Rx findings: pseudonodules in 14 (44%), patchy infiltrates in 7 (22%), cavitation in 4 (12%) and no changes in 7 (22%). Empirical ATB: SXT 20 (62%), IPM+AMK 4 (12%), SXT+IPM 2 (6%), IPM 2 (6%), other 4 (14%). Three-month mortality: 10 (31%). Relapse and reinfection in 1 (3%) each.

Isolates were identified as: N. abscessus in 11 (34%), N. cyriacigeorgica in 9 (28%), N. otitidiscaviarum in 6 (19%) and N. farcinica , N. transvalensis and Nocardia sp. in 2 (6%) each. Susceptibility: LZD 32 (100%), SXT 31 (97%), AMK 31 (96%), CRO 24 (76%), IPM 16 (51%), AMC 14 (45%), CIP 3 (10%). Resistance to empirical ATB in 4 fatal episodes: SXT in 2, IPM and AMC in 1 each.

We conclude: 1) PN is not rare in chronic respiratory patients even without immunodepression. 2) The clinical course is subacute. 3) Rx findings may be not characteristic or even absent. 4) Most common species: N. abscessus , N. cyriacigeorgica and N. otitidiscaviarum . 5) One third of the patients died within 3 months. 6) Resistance to empirical ATB could explain clinical failure in 4 cases.
IUD-Related Hospitalizations
Authors: Henry S. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In a mail survey of physicians likely to be involved with intrauterine contraception in the United States and Puerto Rico, 49.2% of the physicians responded, describing 3,502 unduplicated reports of hospitalizations related to the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) during the first six months of 1973. We estimate from this response that approximately 7,900 IUD-related hospitalizations occurred during that period. Interviews with a probability sample of nonrespondents demonstrated that their IUD complication experience was not substantially different from that reported through the mail survey. Estimates of the number of IUDs worn in 1973 permit rate calculations of three to ten IUD-related hospitalizations per 1,000 woman-years of IUD use. The rate of hospitalizations attributable to the IUD is probably higher than that attributable to combination oral contraceptives. (<i>JAMA</i>234:53-56, 1975)
Sophora Flavescens Suppresses Lung Eosinophilia By Inhibiting Both Eosinophil Hematopoiesis and Migration
Authors: Hirofumi Tsuzuki, Yojiro Arinobu, Kohta Miyawaki, Ayako Takaki, Shun-ichiro Ota, Naoko Ueki, Yuri Ota, Siamak Jabbarzadeh Tabrizi, Mitsuteru Akahoshi, Hiroaki Niiro, Hiroshi Tsukamoto, Takahiko Horiuchi, Shoichiro Ohta, Kenji Izuhara, Hiroyuki Fukui, Koichi Akashi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Nonselective β-Blockers and Survival in Patients With Cirrhosis and Ascites: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sakkarin Chirapongsathorn, Nelson Valentin, Fares Alahdab, Chayakrit Krittanawong, Patricia J. Erwin, Mohammad H. Murad, Patrick S. Kamath
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)
Abstract 17: Prehospital Interventions Associated with Survival from Traumatic Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Chris Evans, Ashley Petersen, Martin Schreiber, Delores Kannas, Jason Buick, Michael Austin, Dylan Dean
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Traumatic cardiac arrest has traditionally been associated with a dismal prognosis, but emerging evidence suggests that survival may be better than expected.  The objectives for this study were to 1) describe the contemporary management and outcomes of traumatic arrest; and 2) identify prehospital interventions associated with survival to hospital discharge.  We completed a secondary analysis of traumatic arrest cases in the ROC Epistry-Trauma and PROPHET registries. Patients were included if they suffered a blunt or penetrating injury and received chest compressions in the field, regardless of whether they were ultimately transported to the hospital. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to generate odds ratios for survival to hospital discharge for the following interventions: advanced life support care, prehospital times, bag-mask ventilation, intubation, supraglottic airway, needle thoracostomy, hemorrhage control, and IV/IO fluids.  The study population included 2248 traumatic arrest patients who were predominately young (mean 39 ± 20 years), males (78%), with blunt injuries (68%), without vital signs on EMS arrival (67%), and attended to by advanced life support paramedic crews (87%). A total of 193 patients (8.6%) survived to hospital discharge. More patients with blunt trauma (11%) compared to penetrating trauma (4.5%) survived. The majority (87%) of survivors had at least one vital sign on EMS arrival. Frequently performed procedures were bag-mask ventilation (86%), intubation (55%), and IV fluids (53%). All other procedures were performed in ≤ 15% of patients. Bag-mask ventilation (adjusted OR: 0.26, 95% CI 0.15, 0.44), intubation (adjusted OR: 0.45, 95% CI 0.265 to 0.764), and hemorrhage control (adjusted OR: 0.43, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.93) were all associated with a decreased odds of surviving to hospital discharge following blunt traumatic arrest. No other procedures significantly altered the odds of surviving to hospital discharge.  We conclude that survival from traumatic arrest may be higher than previously thought, particularly in blunt trauma, and in those with at least one vital sign on EMS arrival. Frequently performed prehospital interventions were not associated with improved survival from traumatic arrest.