tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does administration of chemotherapy before radiotherapy in breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery negatively impact local control?
Authors: C E Leonard, M E Wood, B Zhen, J Rankin, D A Waitz, L Norton, K Howell, S Sedlacek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To determine if a delay of irradiation to the intact breast for administration of adjuvant chemotherapy results in increased local recurrence in breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS The records of 262 women with 264 cases of breast cancer were reviewed. Group I contained 105 patients treated with conservative surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Group II contained 157 patients (used as a concurrent control) treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy only. Eighty-nine percent of subjects in group I received all chemotherapy before radiotherapy. Fifty-eight percent of patients received hormone therapy. Seventy-one percent of patients had negative surgical margins, and 74% had negative lymph nodes. For group I, conservative surgery-radiotherapy intervals in months were less than 1 (five, 5%), &gt; or = 1 to less than 3 (10, 9%), &gt; or = 1 to less 6 (48, 46%), and &gt; or = 6 (42, 40%), mean of 5. For group II, the intervals were less than 1 (20, 13%), &gt; or = 1 to less than 3 (123, 79%), &gt; or = 3 to less than 6 (11, 7%), and &gt; or = 6 (two, 1%), mean of 1.5. RESULTS Thirty patients (11.5%) have disease recurrence (19 distant [6%] and 12 local [5%]). There were no significant differences in local recurrence (group I, four [4%]; group II, eight [5%]; difference not significant). There were no significant differences in local recurrence in any surgery-radiotherapy interval within each group. Although we found marginal increases in the percentage of local recurrences in group I patients (with prolonged surgery-radiotherapy intervals) who had positive margins, positive lymph nodes, and tumor size more than 2 cm versus group II (without prolonged surgery-radiotherapy intervals), these results were not significant. CONCLUSION We could not identify any surgery-radiotherapy interval that resulted in increased local recurrence if radiotherapy was delayed for administration of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Because of the heterogenous population of breast cancer patients, our results also support the need for further study to determine the optimum integration of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the management of the conservatively treated breast.
Determination of genes and microRNAs involved in the resistance to fludarabine in vivo in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Etienne Moussay, Valérie Palissot, Laurent Vallar, Hélène A Poirel, Thomas Wenner, Victoria El Khoury, Nasséra Aouali, Kris Van Moer, Bernadette Leners, François Bernardin, Arnaud Muller, Pascale Cornillet-Lefebvre, Alain Delmer, Caroline Duhem, Fernand Ries, Eric van Dyck, Guy Berchem
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells are often affected by genomic aberrations targeting key regulatory genes. Although fludarabine is the standard first line therapy to treat CLL, only few data are available about the resistance of B cells to this purine nucleoside analog in vivo. Here we sought to increase our understanding of fludarabine action and describe the mechanisms leading to resistance in vivo. We performed an analysis of genomic aberrations, gene expression profiles, and microRNAs expression in CLL blood B lymphocytes isolated during the course of patients' treatment with fludarabine. In sensitive patients, the differentially expressed genes we identified were mainly involved in p53 signaling, DNA damage response, cell cycle and cell death. In resistant patients, uncommon genomic abnormalities were observed and the resistance toward fludarabine could be characterized based on the expression profiles of genes implicated in lymphocyte proliferation, DNA repair, and cell growth and survival. Of particular interest in some patients was the amplification of MYC (8q) observed both at the gene and transcript levels, together with alterations of myc-transcriptional targets, including genes and miRNAs involved in the regulation of cell cycle and proliferation. Differential expression of the sulfatase SULF2 and of miR-29a, -181a, and -221 was also observed between resistant and sensitive patients before treatment. These observations were further confirmed on a validation cohort of CLL patients treated with fludarabine in vitro. In the present study we identified genes and miRNAs that may predict clinical resistance of CLL to fludarabine, and describe an interesting oncogenic mechanism in CLL patients resistant to fludarabine by which the complete MYC-specific regulatory network was altered (DNA and RNA levels, and transcriptional targets). These results should prove useful for understanding and overcoming refractoriness to fludarabine and also for predicting the clinical outcome of CLL patients before or early during their treatment.
Endobronchial mass lesion due to sarcoidosis: complete resolution with corticosteroids.
Authors: B F Corsello, G H Lohaus, A Funahashi
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology affecting many systems, including the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes.The usual manifestations of sar- coidosis on the chest radiograph are well known.Although the bronchial mucosa is often affected in sarcoidosis, endobronchial mass lesions are extremely rare.'Endobronchial lesions are most often due to bron- chogenic carcinoma and less often to relatively benign causes such as bronchial adenoma, lipoma, broncholith, and tuberculosis.26We report the first case of a distinct endobronchial mass lesion due to sarcoidosis that resolved with corticosteroid treatment.
Duration of colonization with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria after ICU discharge
Authors: Manon R. Haverkate, Lennie P. G. Derde, Christian Brun-Buisson, Marc J. M. Bonten, Martin C. J. Bootsma
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)

Readmission of patients colonized with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB) is important in the nosocomial dynamics of AMRB. We assessed the duration of colonization after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) with highly resistant Enterobacteriaceae (HRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Data were obtained from a cluster-randomized trial in 13 ICUs in 8 European countries (MOSAR-ICU trial, 2008–2011). All patients were screened on admission and twice weekly for AMRB. All patients colonized with HRE, MRSA, or VRE and readmitted to the same ICU during the study period were included in the current analysis. Time between discharge and readmission was calculated, and the colonization status at readmission was assessed. Because of interval-censored data, a maximum likelihood analysis was used to calculate the survival function, taking censoring into account. A nonparametric two-sample test was used to test for differences in the survival curves. The MOSAR-ICU trial included 14,390 patients, and a total of 64,997 cultures were taken from 8,974 patients admitted for at least 3 days. One hundred twenty-five unique patients had 141 episodes with AMRB colonization and at least 1 readmission. Thirty-two patients were colonized with two or more AMRBs. Median times until clearance were 4.8 months for all AMRB together, 1.4 months for HRE, <1 month for MRSA, and 1.5 months for VRE. There were no significant differences between the survival curves. Fifty percent of the patients had lost colonization when readmitted 2 or more months after previous ICU discharge.
Intracellular Spheroid Bodies of Rhopalodia gibba Have Nitrogen-Fixing Apparatus of Cyanobacterial Origin
Authors: Julia Prechtl, Christoph Kneip, Peter Lockhart, Klaus Wenderoth, Uwe-G. Maier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Nitrogen fixation is not regarded as a eukaryotic invention. The process has only been reported as being carried out by bacteria. These prokaryotes typically interact with their eukaryotic hosts as extracellular and temporary nonobligate nitrogen-fixing symbionts. However, intracellular permanent "spheroid bodies" have been reported within the fresh-water diatom Rhopalodia gibba, and these, too, have been speculated as being able to provide nitrogen to their host diatom. These spheroid bodies have gram-negative characteristics with thylakoids. We demonstrate that they fix nitrogen under light conditions. We also show that phylogenetic analyses of their 16rRNA and nif D genes predict that their genome is closely related to that of Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51.142, a free-living diazotrophic cyanobacterium. We suggest that the intracellular spheroid bodies of Rhopalodia gibba may represent a vertically transmitted, permanent endosymbiotic stage in the transition from a free-living diazotrophic cyanobacterium to a nitrogen-fixing eukaryotic organelle.
Sudden cardiac arrest and death in united states marathons
Authors: D Webner, J Drezner, J Horneff, W Roberts
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background There is no national reporting system for marathon sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and death in the US. Objective This study assessed the prevalence of SCA and death during USA marathons to assist with emergency planning at events. Design/Setting/Participants A retrospective, web-based survey to assess details of SCA and death was sent out to 400 US marathon directors in the autumn of 2009 and summer of 2010. Results 78/400 (19%) of marathons responded. Participants ranged from 30 to 30 000 runners with a total of 1 411 482 runners from 1976 through 2009. There were 31 SCA's including 11 deaths. The prevalence of SCA was 1 in 45 531, and 1 in 128 316 runners died. 30/31 runners with SCA were male with an average age of 46.7 years (range 19–82). Runners collapsed at the finish line (6), in the final 2 miles (6), from miles 17–23 (6), and before mile 16 (10), and three of the runner's locations were unknown. An automated external defibrillator (AED) was used in 20 cases, not used in two cases, and unknown in nine cases. The 11 non-survivors had eight non-shockable rhythms, and 11 of the 20 survivors had shockable rhythms treated with an AED. The autopsy diagnoses were coronary artery disease (8) and one runner died of congenital heart disease complications. Two causes of death were not known. Conclusion SCA occurs in approximately 1 in 45 000 marathon runners, is more common in middle to late aged males, and can occur anywhere along the race course with the majority of cases in the final 10 miles. Prompt resuscitation including use of an AED provides a high survival rate for the victims of SCA. Emergency planning with availability of AED's throughout the race course is recommended.
OC-109 Utility of quantitative endoscopic ultrasound elastography (QEUSE) for the diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy: a large single-centre experience: Abstract OC-109 Table 1
Authors: M F Dawwas, H Taha, J S Leeds, M N Nayar, K W Oppong
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recent data suggest that QEUSE, a novel technique that allows real-time quantification of tissue stiffness, can accurately differentiate benign from malignant solid pancreatic masses (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC]=0.98).<sup>1</sup> External validation of the diagnostic utility of this technique has not been carried out. <h3>Methods</h3> 101 patients with CT and/or EUS-proven solid pancreatic masses underwent 108 QEUSE procedures using the Hitachi EUB-7500 or Preirus ultrasound workstation and Pentax linear echoendoscopes. Multiple elastographic measurements of the mass lesion (A) and soft tissue references areas (B) were undertaken and the corresponding strain ratios (B/A) were calculated. Final diagnosis was based on EUS-fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) cytology, biliary brushings and/or resection specimen histology. The diagnostic accuracy of QEUSE for discriminating malignant from benign pancreatic masses was assessed. <h3>Results</h3> The median lesion size was 3 cm. The final underlying diagnoses were primary pancreatic carcinoma (71.3%), neuroendocrine tumour (9.9%), metastatic cancer (2%) and pancreatitis (16.8%). Malignant pancreatic masses had a higher strain ratio (p=0.002) and lower mass elasticity (p=0.003) than inflammatory ones. However, the AUROC for the detection of pancreatic malignancy was only 0.74 for the strain ratio and only 0.73 for the mass elasticity. Similarly, the diagnostic accuracy of QEUSE for detecting pancreatic malignancy in our cohort was less favourable than those reported recently (see Abstract OC-109 table 1), with lower strain ratio (4.62 vs 6.04) and higher pancreatic mass elasticity cutoffs (0.27 vs 0.05) providing the highest accuracy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In the largest single-centre study of QEUSE of the pancreas reported to date, we found this technology to be less accurate and specific for differentiating pancreatic masses than recently reported, suggesting that it may only complement rather than substitute the role of pancreatic EUS-FNA in the future. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Iglesias-Garcia</b>, <i>et al. Gastroenterology</i> 2010.
Who Needs Medical School to Practice Medicine?
Authors: Brett M. Coldiron, Bruce A. Brod
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Preventing Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Nalini Singh
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Among persons diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of foot ulcers is 4% to 10%, the annual population-based incidence is 1.0% to 4.1%, and the lifetime incidence may be as high as 25%. These ulcers frequently become infected, cause great morbidity, engender considerable financial costs, and are the usual first step to lower extremity amputation.To systematically review the evidence on the efficacy of methods advocated for preventing diabetic foot ulcers in the primary care setting.The EBSCO, MEDLINE, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse databases were searched for articles published between January 1980 and April 2004 using database-specific keywords. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also searched, along with the Cochrane Library and relevant Web sites. We reviewed the retrieved literature for pertinent information, paying particular attention to prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials.Prevention of diabetic foot ulcers begins with screening for loss of protective sensation, which is best accomplished in the primary care setting with a brief history and the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. Specialist clinics may quantify neuropathy with biothesiometry, measure plantar foot pressure, and assess lower extremity vascular status with Doppler ultrasound and ankle-brachial blood pressure indices. These measurements, in conjunction with other findings from the history and physical examination, enable clinicians to stratify patients based on risk and to determine the type of intervention. Educating patients about proper foot care and periodic foot examinations are effective interventions to prevent ulceration. Other possibly effective clinical interventions include optimizing glycemic control, smoking cessation, intensive podiatric care, debridement of calluses, and certain types of prophylactic foot surgery. The value of various types of prescription footwear for ulcer prevention is not clear.Substantial evidence supports screening all patients with diabetes to identify those at risk for foot ulceration. These patients might benefit from certain prophylactic interventions, including patient education, prescription footwear, intensive podiatric care, and evaluation for surgical interventions.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance without bowel preparation for detecting colonic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: A. Oussalah, V. Laurent, O. Bruot, A. Bressenot, M.-A. Bigard, D. Regent, L. Peyrin-Biroulet
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables accurate assessment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but its main limitation is the need for bowel preparation. Diffusion-weighted imaging is feasible in Crohn9s disease. We evaluated the accuracy of MRI in combination with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI-MRI) without oral or rectal preparation in assessing colonic inflammation in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease. <h3>Design</h3> This was an observational study of a single-centre cohort. <h3>Patients</h3> All patients who underwent DWI-MRI-colonography without bowel preparation between January 2008 and February 2010 in our centre were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 96 patients (ulcerative colitis=35; Crohn9s disease=61) who had DWI-MRI-colonography, 68 had concomitant endoscopy. In ulcerative colitis a segmental magnetic resonance score (MR-score-S) &gt;1 detected endoscopic inflammation with a sensitivity and specificity of 89.47% and 86.67%, respectively (AUROC=0.920, p=0.0001). In the Crohn9s disease group, a MR-score-S &gt;2 detected endoscopic inflammation in the colon with a sensitivity and specificity of 58.33% and 84.48%, respectively (AUROC=0.779, p=0.0001). The MR-score-S demonstrated better accuracy for the detection of endoscopic inflammation in the ulcerative colitis group than in the Crohn9s disease group (p=0.003). In ulcerative colitis, the proposed total magnetic resonance score (MR-score-T) correlated with the total modified Baron score (r=0.813, p=0.0001) and the Walmsley index (r=0.678, p&lt;0.0001). In Crohn9s disease, the MR-score-T correlated with the simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn9s disease (r=0.539, p=0.001) and the Crohn9s disease activity index (r=0.367, p=0.004). The DWI hyperintensity was a predictor of colonic endoscopic inflammation in ulcerative colitis (OR=13.26, 95% CI 3.6 to 48.93; AUROC=0.854, p=0.0001) and Crohn9s disease (OR=2.67, 95% CI 1.25 to 5.72; AUROC=0.702, p=0.0001). The accuracy of the DWI hyperintensity for detecting colonic inflammation was greater in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn9s disease (p=0.004). <h3>Conclusions</h3> DWI-MRI-colonography without bowel preparation is a reliable tool for detecting colonic inflammation in ulcerative colitis.
Decreased expression of interleukin 13 in human lung emphysema
Authors: A Boutten
Journal: Thorax (2004)

<b>Background:</b> The overexpression of interferon (IFN)γ or interleukin (IL)-13 in the adult murine lung induces the development of changes that mirror human lung emphysema. <b>Methods:</b> IL-13 and IFNγ expression was determined in lung samples from five groups of patients: severe emphysema without α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency (SE+, n = 10); severe emphysema with α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency (SE−, n = 5); mild localised emphysema (ME, n = 8); non-emphysema smokers (NE-S, n = 9), and non-emphysema non-smokers (NE-NS, n = 11). Lung IL-13 and IFNγ mRNA were analysed by RT-PCR. Lung concentrations of IL-13 protein were assessed by ELISA. <b>Results:</b> The expression of IFNγ mRNA was similar in patients with or without emphysema. IL-13 mRNA was markedly decreased in the SE+ group compared with the SE− (p = 0.04), ME (p = 0.02), and non-emphysema groups (p = 0.01). IL-13 mRNA correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (<i>r</i> = 0.5, p = 0.04) and arterial oxygen tension (<i>r</i> = 0.45, p = 0.03) in emphysema patients. In contrast to the non-emphysematous lung, IL-13 protein was below the detection limit of the assay in most emphysematous lung homogenates. <b>Conclusion:</b> The lung IL-13 content is reduced in patients with severe emphysema without α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin deficiency.
The transcription factor IRF4 is essential for TCR affinity–mediated metabolic programming and clonal expansion of T cells
Authors: Kevin Man, Maria Miasari, Wei Shi, Annie Xin, Darren C Henstridge, Simon Preston, Marc Pellegrini, Gabrielle T Belz, Gordon K Smyth, Mark A Febbraio, Stephen L Nutt, Axel Kallies
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
Dehydrated Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane Allograft Nerve Wrap Around the Prostatic Neurovascular Bundle Accelerates Early Return to Continence and Potency Following Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Propensity Score–matched Analysis
Authors: Vipul R. Patel, Srinivas Samavedi, Anthony S. Bates, Anup Kumar, Rafael Coelho, Bernardo Rocco, Kenneth Palmer
Journal: European Urology (2015)

We present a propensity-matched analysis of patients undergoing placement of dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM) around the neurovascular bundle (NVB) during nerve-sparing (NS) robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RARP). From March 2013 to July 2014, 58 patients who were preoperatively potent (Sexual Health Inventory for Men [SHIM] score >19) and continent (no pads) underwent full NS RARP. Postoperative outcomes were analyzed between propensity-matched graft and no-graft groups, including time to return to continence, potency, and biochemical recurrence. dHACM use was not associated with increased operative time or blood loss or negative oncologic outcomes (p > 0.500). Continence at 8 wk returned in 81.0% of the dHACM group and 74.1% of the no-dHACM group (p = 0.373). Mean time to continence was enhanced in group 1 patients (1.21 mo) versus (1.83 mo; p = 0.033). Potency at 8 wk returned in 65.5% of the dHACM patients and 51.7% of the no-dHACM group (p = 0.132). Mean time to potency was enhanced in group 1, (1.34 mo), compared to group 2 (3.39 mo; p = 0.007). Graft placement enhanced mean time to continence and potency. Postoperative SHIM scores were higher in the dHACM group at maximal follow-up (mean score 16.2 vs 9.1). dHACM allograft use appears to hasten the early return of continence and potency in patients following RARP.
Normal recovery of the stratum corneum barrier function following damage induced by tape stripping in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: M. TANAKA, Y.X. ZHEN, H. TAGAMI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) constantly inflict mechanical damage to their skin by scratching induced by pruritus. On excoriated lesions of the cheek we found exceedingly high levels of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as compared to those in the normal skin of healthy subjects. However, it is not clear whether the skin of patients with AD also shows an abnormally slow recovery after mechanical damage. We compared the recovery of the barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), after its complete removal by tape stripping, in patients with AD and age-matched healthy control subjects. On the normal-looking skin of the flexor forearm, we found no difference in the recovery process of the water barrier function of the SC between the two groups. This suggests that ability to reconstruct SC barrier function after mechanical damage is not impaired in AD patients.