tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Options for the Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Case Perspective
Authors: Dawn Goetz
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer and second leading cause of death among men. Management of localized disease is fairly straight-forward, but treatment for locally advanced or metastatic disease is much less so. Androgen-deprivation therapy serves as the foundation of treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Although most patients with prostate cancer show a response to medical or surgical castration, many eventually experience a hormone-refractory, incurable state. Until recently, therapeutic options for CRPC have been limited and focused on systemic chemotherapeutic options. Unfortunately, however, this provides a minimal increase in overall survival, at the cost of significant additional toxicities. Therefore, much research has gone into developing other suitable therapies with potentially less toxicity. This article uses a case study approach to discuss new options for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Epha2 induces apoptosis: An essential mediator of ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis
Authors: Guoqi Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3582   One of the physiological consequences of excessive ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is apoptosis. This critical response serves to eliminate genetically-injured cells and arises, in part, from activation of DNA damage and p53 signaling. Other contributory pathways, however, likely exist but have not been fully characterized. In a recent global screen of UVR-response genes in melanocytes, we identified the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK),  EPHA2 . Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches, we set out to investigate the upstream regulation EphA2 by UVR and the functional consequences of this effect. We found that the UVR-associated increase in EphA2 occurs in melanocytes, keratinocytes and fibroblasts from both human and murine sources. More specifically, UVR effectively upregulated EphA2 individually in p53-null, p63-null and p73-null murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) suggesting that the p53 family of transcription factors is not essential for the observed effect. However, inhibition of MAPK signaling by U0126 and PD98059 significantly reduced the UVR response while overexpression of oncogenic  NRAS  led to an increase in EphA2. These results confirm that UVR induces EphA2 by a p53-independent but MAPK-dependent mechanism. In response to UV irradiation,  Epha2 -/- MEFs were highly resistant to UVR-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis while introduction of EphA2 into both wildtype and p53-null MEFs led to activation of the apoptotic program through activation of the caspase 8 pathway. These functional findings suggest that EphA2 is in fact an essential p53-independent pro-apoptotic factor induced by UVR.
Eradication of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Rebecca L. Morgan, Brittney Baack, Bryce D. Smith, Anthony Yartel, Marc Pitasi, Yngve Falck-Ytter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This systematic review summarized moderate-quality evidence from 30 observational studies examining the risk for HCC am...
A Comparison of Single Dose Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin 3mg/m2 and 6mg/m2 Combined with Induction Chemotherapy in Younger Patients with AML: Data from the UK NCRI AML17 Trial
Authors: Alan K Burnett, Nigel Russell, Robert K. Hills, Jamie Cavenagh, Jonathan Kell, Gail Jones, Asim Khwaja, Mary Frances McMullin, Mike Dennis, Donald Milligan, Richard E Clark
Journal: Blood (2014)
Computers in the Examination Room
Authors: Richard M. Frankel
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Association of Arterial Pulse Pressure With Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Warren K. Laskey, Jingjing Wu, Phillip J. Schulte, Adrian F. Hernandez, Clyde W. Yancy, Paul A. Heidenreich, Deepak L. Bhatt, Gregg C. Fonarow
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)
Segmental chloride transport in the Dahl-S rat kidney during L-arginine administration.
Authors: K A Kirchner, B A Crosby, A R Patel, J P Granger
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

L-Arginine normalizes pressure natriuresis in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. The nephron segments responsible for improvement in sodium chloride handling during L-arginine administration are unknown. Micropuncture techniques were used to examine fluid and chloride transport along superficial nephron segments in DS rats maintained on an 8% sodium diet and given L-arginine or vehicle ip for 3 wk. Renal perfusion pressure in vehicle-treated DS rats was reduced to that of L-arginine-treated DS rats with an aortic snare. Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats receiving vehicle were examined for comparison. In agreement with previous studies, urinary sodium chloride excretion was greater (P < 0.05) in L-arginine DS rats than in vehicle DS rats and not different from DR rats at equivalent renal perfusion pressures. Whole-kidney and single-nephron GFR were not different (P = not significant) among groups. Fractional proximal tubule chloride and fluid reabsorption was not different among groups. Fractional loop chloride reabsorption was greater in vehicle-treated DS rats than in DR rats (58.5 +/- 1.5 versus 46.6 +/- 1.7%; P < 0.05), confirming the enhanced chloride reabsorption at this location in DS rats previously reported. Fractional loop chloride reabsorption was identical in vehicle- and L-arginine-treated DS rats (58.4 +/- 1.4 versus 58.9 +/- 3.9%; P = not significant). Fractional loop fluid reabsorption was not different among groups. Fractional distal fluid and chloride reabsorption was not different between DS rat groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interferon alpha associated with systemic lupus erythematosus is not intrinsically acid labile.
Authors: A M Yee, J P Buyon, Y K Yip
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The physicochemical properties of apparently acid-labile IFN-alpha from patients with SLE have been studied. The antigenicity, apparent molecular size, and isoelectric point of SLE IFN-alpha are indistinguishable from those of conventional, previously characterized, acid-stable subspecies of IFN-alpha. However, after partial purification by anion-exchange chromatography, SLE IFN-alpha no longer exhibits acid lability, suggesting that other plasma factor(s) are responsible for the acid lability of SLE IFN-alpha. Addition of SLE plasma, but not normal plasma, to conventional acid-stable IFN-alpha renders the exogenous IFN-alpha acid labile. Preliminary results demonstrate that an acid-dependent IFN-inactivating activity can be partially purified from SLE plasma by anion-exchange chromatography.
In Vivo Gene‐Silencing in Fibrotic Liver by siRNA‐Loaded Cationic Nanohydrogel Particles
Authors: Leonard Kaps, Lutz Nuhn, Misbah Aslam, Alexander Brose, Friedrich Foerster, Sebastian Rosigkeit, Patricia Renz, Rosario Heck, Yong Ook Kim, Ingo Lieberwirth, Detlef Schuppan, Rudolf Zentel
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Cationic nanohydrogel particles loaded with anti-Col1α1 siRNA suppress collagen synthesis and deposition in fibrotic mice: Systemically administered 40 nm sized nanogel particles accumulate in collagen-expressing cells in the liver. Their siRNA payload induces a sequence specific in vivo gene knockdown affording an efficient antifibrotic effect in mice with liver fibrosis. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Two outbreaks of botulism associated with consumption of green olive paste, France, September 2011
Authors: J M Pingeon, C Vanbockstael, M R Popoff, L A King, B Deschamps, G Pradel, H Dupont, A Spanjaard, A Houdard, C Mazuet, B Belaizi, S Bourgeois, S Lemgueres, K Debbat, P Courant, R Quirin, P Malfait
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Two family outbreaks of botulism (a total of nine cases) were identified in south-east and northern France in early September 2011. The source of infection was considered to be a ground green olive paste. Botulinum type A toxin was identified in seven cases and in the incriminated olive paste. Incorrect sterilisation techniques were observed at the artisanal producer’s workshop. These episodes highlight the potential public health threat of Clostridium botulinum linked to inadequate sterilisation of food products.
Public Health and Advanced Maternal Age: An Imperfect but Justified Marriage. Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Sleepwalking Into Infertility: The Need for a Public Health Approach Toward Advanced Maternal Age”
Authors: Marie-Eve Lemoine, Vardit Ravitsky
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

In our article “Sleepwalking Into Infertility: The Need for a Public Health Approach Toward Advanced Maternal Age” (Lemoine and Ravitsky 2015; hereafter, advanced maternal age is AMA), we argue in ...
Clinical Impact of Anti-Egfr Monoclonal Antibodies (Egfr Moabs) in Patients with Ras Wild Type (Wt) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Mcrc)
Authors: F. Pietrantonio, C. Maggi, F. Ricchini, M. Di Bartolomeo, F.G.M. De Braud, R. Iacovelli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Metformin in obese teenagers does not improve glycaemic control, study finds
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Adding metformin to insulin does not improve glycaemic control in overweight and obese adolescents with type 1 diabetes, a double blind placebo controlled randomised trial published in JAMA has found.1

For teenagers with type 1 diabetes, being overweight or obese potentially has serious metabolic consequences. High doses of insulin are needed to overcome the insulin resistance of obesity and puberty, contributing to difficulties in glycaemic control that may …
MYALGIC SYNDROME WITH CONSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA
Authors: H Stuart Barber
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

Attworheumatism clinics within thepast6years several patients havebeenseenwithsymptoms suggestive ofrheumatoid disease, butwho on examination werefound tolack theusually associated clinical signs. Theimpression thatthecondition might beaclinical entity hasgrownstronger with continued observation overaperiod ofyears, and increasing awareness oftheclinical features disclosed thatseveral other suchcases wereattending theclinics with thepresumptive diagnosis ofrheumatoid disease. These cases havebeenunder observation forfrom1to10years, andnonehasdeveloped theclinical features ofrheumatoid disease inthis timealthough manyhavecontinued tohavepainful muscle symptoms ofvariable intensity. Of the twelve patients, twoweremenandtenwomen,their ages atonset ranging from46to68years. Oneman hasbeenunder continuous personal observation for 7years.
Intralesional Rose Bengal in melanoma elicits tumor immunity via HMGB1
Authors: Hao Liu, Krithika Kodumudi, Amy Weber, John Robinson, Satoshi Nemoto, Georgina Crago, Timothy McCardle, Erica Royster, Amod A Sarnaik, Shari Pilon-Thomas
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Intralesional (IL) therapy is under investigation to treat dermal and subcutaneous metastatic cancer. Rose Bengal (RB) is a staining agent that was originally used by ophthalmologists and in liver function studies. Previously, IL injection of RB induced regression of injected and
Mutations in the transcriptional repressor REST predispose to Wilms tumor
Authors: Shazia S Mahamdallie, Sandra Hanks, Kristen L Karlin, Anna Zachariou, Elizabeth R Perdeaux, Elise Ruark, Chad A Shaw, Alexander Renwick, Emma Ramsay, Shawn Yost, Anna Elliott, Jillian Birch, Michael Capra, Juliet Gray, Juliet Hale, Judith Kingston, Gill Levitt, Thomas McLean, Eamonn Sheridan, Anthony Renwick, Sheila Seal, Charles Stiller, Neil Sebire, Thomas F Westbrook, Nazneen Rahman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Use of Viremia to Evaluate the Baseline Case Fatality Ratio of Ebola Virus Disease and Inform Treatment Studies: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Oumar Faye, Alessio Andronico, Ousmane Faye, Henrik Salje, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, N’Faly Magassouba, Elhadj Ibrahima Bah, Lamine Koivogui, Boubacar Diallo, Alpha Amadou Diallo, Sakoba Keita, Mandy Kader Konde, Robert Fowler, Gamou Fall, Simon Cauchemez, Amadou Alpha Sall
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Background The case fatality ratio (CFR) of Ebola virus disease (EVD) can vary over time and space for reasons that are not fully understood. This makes it difficult to define the baseline CFRs needed to evaluate treatments in the absence of randomized controls. Here, we investigate whether viremia in EVD patients may be used to evaluate baseline EVD CFRs. Methods and Findings We analyzed the laboratory and epidemiological records of patients with EVD confirmed by reverse transcription PCR hospitalized in the Conakry area, Guinea, between 1 March 2014 and 28 February 2015. We used viremia and other variables to model the CFR. Data for 699 EVD patients were analyzed. In the week following symptom onset, mean viremia remained stable, and the CFR increased with viremia, V, from 21% (95% CI 16%–27%) for low viremia (V < 104.4 copies/ml) to 53% (95% CI 44%–61%) for intermediate viremia (104.4 ≤ V < 105.2 copies/ml) and 81% (95% CI 75%–87%) for high viremia (V ≥ 105.2 copies/ml). Compared to adults (15–44 y old [y.o.]), the CFR was larger in young children (0–4 y.o.) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.44; 95% CI 1.02–5.86) and older adults (≥45 y.o.) (OR: 2.84; 95% CI 1.81–4.46) but lower in children (5–14 y.o.) (OR: 0.46; 95% CI 0.24–0.86). An order of magnitude increase in mean viremia in cases after July 2014 compared to those before coincided with a 14% increase in the CFR. Our findings come from a large hospital-based study in Conakry and may not be generalizable to settings with different case profiles, such as with individuals who never sought care. Conclusions Viremia in EVD patients was a strong predictor of death that partly explained variations in CFR in the study population. This study provides baseline CFRs by viremia group, which allow appropriate adjustment when estimating efficacy in treatment studies. In randomized controlled trials, stratifying analysis on viremia groups could reduce sample size requirements by 25%. We hypothesize that monitoring the viremia of hospitalized patients may inform the ability of surveillance systems to detect EVD patients from the different severity strata.
CD47 antibody inhibits tumor recurrence in a clinical relevant glioblastoma animal model
Authors: Huaiyang Zhu, Ning Yang, Lina Leiss, Cecilie B Rygh, Per Ø Enger, Rolf Bjerkvig, Jian Wang
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Glioblastoma multiform (GMB), as a major unsolved clinical challenge, remains among the most aggressive malignan cies in human brain with poor prognosis. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy that were given to patients after s urgery may improve overall survival, the treatment
Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in 455 Elderly Pts Over 70 with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Mrcc) Treated with Target Therapies (Tt) in the Community Setting: an Italian Survey
Authors: A.P. Fraccon, F. Pasini, U. Basso, F. Larussa, F. Valduga, G. Lo Re, C. Graiff, G. Rosti, A. Bearz, D. Sartori, C. Abeni, F. Grillone, G. Vicario, C. Pegoraro, F. Bassan, D. Da Corte, C. Modonesi, R. Segati, M. Medici, C. Barile
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Single Cell Network Profiling (SCNP) Reveals Age-and Disease-Based Heterogeneity in Healthy Individuals and in Patients with Low Risk (LR) Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
Authors: Aileen Cleary Cohen, Ying-Wen Huang, Alessandra Cesano, Rachael E. Hawtin, Jodi R. Ware, Bishmaraj Arulrajah, Steven M. Kornblau
Journal: Blood (2011)
PTU-231 Body mass index and the risk of symptomatic diverticular disease: a swedish population based cohort study
Authors: DJ Humes, B Jarvholm, JF Ludvigsson
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The aim of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and symptomatic diverticular disease requiring hospital admission. <h3>Method</h3> We used data from the Swedish Construction Workers Cohort (persons with a first examination in 1987–1993). These workers underwent health evaluations including recording of body mass index (BMI) at enrolment. We linked their data to the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register from 1987 to identify hospital admissions for symptomatic diverticular disease. Relative Risks (RRs) of symptomatic diverticular disease according to BMI (18.5–19.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 20–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 25–29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 30–34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>and 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were estimated using Poisson regression and adjusted for age, smoking and socioeconomic status. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 64640 men with a median age of 28.8 years. Increased BMI was associated with an increased risk of developing symptomatic diverticular disease. Those patients with a BMI between 25.0–29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>had a 1.6 fold increase in risk of symptomatic diverticular disease compared to those with a BMI between 20–24.9 kg/m<sup>2 </sup>(adjusted RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.33–1.96). Those with a BMI of 30.0–34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>had a 2.1 fold increase in risk of symptomatic diverticular disease compared to those with a BMI between 20–24.9 kg/m<sup>2 </sup>(adjusted RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.51–2.94). There was no association between being underweigh and an increased risk of symptomatic diverticular disease (adjusted RR 1.55, 95% CI 0.73–3.31). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Increasing BMI is associated with an increased risk of asymptomatic diverticular disease requiring hospitalisation. Further studies are required to determine if weight reduction may reduce the occurrence of symptomatic diverticular disease. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Efficacy of prucalopride in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: N. C. Suares, A. C. Ford
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients often self-medicate with laxatives, but there are high levels of dissatisfaction with their efficacy. Prucalopride is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonist licensed for the treatment of CIC. As yet, there has been no quantitative summary of its efficacy in the condition. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine this issue. <h3>Methods</h3> Randomised control trials (RCTs) comparing prucalopride with placebo in the treatment of adults with CIC were identified from a literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and conference proceedings (up to September 2010). Trials had to use at least 1 week of therapy. CIC was defined using a physician9s opinion, clinical symptoms, or the Rome criteria. Studies had to report dichotomous data assessing response or non-response to therapy. Data were extracted independently by two investigators, as intention-to-treat analyses, with drop-outs assumed to be treatment failures. Adverse events data were extracted, where reported. Data were pooled using a random effects model, and the efficacy of prucalopride in CIC was reported as a relative risk (RR) of failure to respond to therapy with 95% CI. <h3>Results</h3> The search strategy identified 241 citations, of which 16 articles were retrieved for further evaluation. Seven RCTs, containing 2639 patients, satisfied inclusion criteria and yielded extractable data. Duration of therapy ranged from 4 to 12 weeks. Agreement between investigators for assessment of eligibility was good (κ = 0.75). Overall, 1288 (71.7%) of 1796 patients randomised to receive prucalopride failed to respond to therapy compared with 731 (86.7%) of 843 placebo patients (RR of failure to respond with prucalopride = 0.82; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.88). The number needed to treat with prucalopride was 6. Analyses according to dose of prucalopride used demonstrated similar efficacy for 2 mg (RR = 0.85; 95% CI.80 to 0.90) and 4 mg (RR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.90) once daily. Six trials reported total numbers of adverse events, which were commoner with prucalopride (RR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24). Individual adverse events including headache (RR 1.70; 95% CI 1.25 to 2.31), nausea (RR = 1.98; 95% CI 1.39 to 2.82) and diarrhoea (RR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.80 to 4.13) were all commoner with prucalopride. There was no significant increase in serious adverse event rates detected with prucalopride (RR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.58 to 1.34). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Prucalopride is superior to placebo for the treatment of CIC. The drug appeared safe, but adverse events were significantly commoner, particularly headache, nausea and diarrhoea, and patients should be warned of these potential side effects of treatment.