tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of frequency and duration of strength training for effective management of neck and shoulder pain: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Christoffer H Andersen, Lars L Andersen, Bibi Gram, Mogens Theisen Pedersen, Ole Steen Mortensen, Mette Kreutzfeldt Zebis, Gisela Sjøgaard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Background Specific strength training can reduce neck and shoulder pain in office workers, but the optimal combination of exercise frequency and duration remains unknown. This study investigates how one weekly hour of strength training for the neck and shoulder muscles is most effectively distributed. Methods A total of 447 office workers with and without neck and/or shoulder pain were randomly allocated at the cluster-level to one of four groups; 1×60 (1WS), 3×20 (3WS) or 9×7 (9WS) min a week of supervised high-intensity strength training for 20 weeks, or to a reference group without training (REF). Primary outcome was self-reported neck and shoulder pain (scale 0–9) and secondary outcome work disability (Disability in Arms, Shoulders and Hands (DASH)). Results The intention-to-treat analysis showed reduced neck and right shoulder pain in the training groups after 20 weeks compared with REF. Among those with pain ≥3 at baseline (n=256), all three training groups achieved significant reduction in neck pain compared with REF (p&lt;0.01). From a baseline pain rating of 3.2 (SD 2.3) in the neck among neck cases, 1WS experienced a reduction of 1.14 (95% CI 0.17 to 2.10), 3WS 1.88 (0.90 to 2.87) and 9WS 1.35 (0.24 to 2.46) which is considered clinically significant. DASH was reduced in 1WS and 3WS only. Conclusion One hour of specific strength training effectively reduced neck and shoulder pain in office workers. Although the three contrasting training groups showed no statistical differences in neck pain reduction, only 1WS and 3WS reduced DASH. This study suggests some flexibility regarding time-wise distribution when implementing specific strength training at the workplace.
Antiplatelet Therapy Use After Discharge Among Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients With In-Hospital Bleeding
Authors: Tracy Y. Wang, Lan Xiao, Karen P. Alexander, Sunil V. Rao, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, John S. Rumsfeld, John A. Spertus, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Bleeding among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with worse long-term outcomes. Although the mechanism underlying this association is unclear, a potential explanation is that withholding antiplatelet therapies long beyond resolution of the bleeding event may contribute to recurrent events.We examined medication use at discharge, 1, 6, and 12 months after AMI among 2498 patients in the Prospective Registry Evaluating Myocardial Infarction: Events and Recovery (PREMIER) registry. Bleeding was defined as non-coronary artery bypass graft-related Thrombolysis of Myocardial Infarction major/minor bleeding or transfusion among patients with baseline hematocrit > or =28%. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between bleeding during the index AMI hospitalization and medication use. In-hospital bleeding occurred in 301 patients (12%) with AMI. Patients with in-hospital bleeding were less likely to be discharged on aspirin or thienopyridine (adjusted odds ratio=0.45; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.64; and odds ratio=0.62; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.91, respectively). At 1 month after discharge, although patients with in-hospital bleeding remained significantly less likely to receive aspirin (odds ratio=0.68; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.92), use of thienopyridines in the 2 groups started to become similar. By 1 year, antiplatelet therapy use was similar among patients with and without bleeding. Postdischarge cardiology follow-up was associated with greater antiplatelet therapy use than either primary care or no clinical follow-up.Patients whose index AMI is complicated by bleeding are less likely to be treated with antiplatelet therapies during the first 6 months after discharge. Early reassessment of antiplatelet eligibility may represent an opportunity to reduce the long-term risk of adverse outcomes associated with bleeding.
Comparative multi-omics systems analysis of Escherichia coli strains B and K-12
Authors: Sung Ho Yoon, Mee-Jung Han, Haeyoung Jeong, Choong Hoon Lee, Xiao-Xia Xia, Dae-Hee Lee, Ji Hoon Shim, Sang Yup Lee, Tae Kwang Oh, Jihyun F Kim
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Elucidation of a genotype-phenotype relationship is critical to understand an organism at the whole-system level. Here, we demonstrate that comparative analyses of multi-omics data combined with a computational modeling approach provide a framework for elucidating the phenotypic characteristics of organisms whose genomes are sequenced.We present a comprehensive analysis of genome-wide measurements incorporating multifaceted holistic data - genome, transcriptome, proteome, and phenome - to determine the differences between Escherichia coli B and K-12 strains. A genome-scale metabolic network of E. coli B was reconstructed and used to identify genetic bases of the phenotypes unique to B compared with K-12 through in silico complementation testing. This systems analysis revealed that E. coli B is well-suited for production of recombinant proteins due to a greater capacity for amino acid biosynthesis, fewer proteases, and lack of flagella. Furthermore, E. coli B has an additional type II secretion system and a different cell wall and outer membrane composition predicted to be more favorable for protein secretion. In contrast, E. coli K-12 showed a higher expression of heat shock genes and was less susceptible to certain stress conditions.This integrative systems approach provides a high-resolution system-wide view and insights into why two closely related strains of E. coli, B and K-12, manifest distinct phenotypes. Therefore, systematic understanding of cellular physiology and metabolism of the strains is essential not only to determine culture conditions but also to design recombinant hosts.
Estrogen upregulates nitric oxide synthase expression in cultured rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Masaharu Sakamoto, Takato Ueno, Toru Nakamura, Osamu Hashimoto, Ryuichiro Sakata, Motoaki Kin, Riko Ogata, Takumi Kawaguchi, Takuji Torimura, Michio Sata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Mechanism of Urinary Calcium Regulation by Urinary Magnesium and pH
Authors: Olivier Bonny, Adam Rubin, Chou-Long Huang, William H. Frawley, Charles Y.C. Pak, Orson W. Moe
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Urinary magnesium and pH are known to modulate urinary calcium excretion, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are unknown. In this study, the data from 17 clinical trials in which urinary magnesium and pH were pharmacologically manipulated were analyzed, and it was found that the change in urinary calcium excretion is directly proportional to the change in magnesium excretion and inversely proportional to the change in urine pH; a regression equation was generated to relate these variables (R(2) = 0.58). For further exploration of these relationships, intravenous calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or vehicle was administered to rats. Magnesium infusion significantly increased urinary calcium excretion (normalized to urinary creatinine), but calcium infusion did not affect magnesium excretion. Parathyroidectomy did not prevent this magnesium-induced hypercalciuria. The effect of magnesium loading on calciuria was still observed after treatment with furosemide, which disrupts calcium and magnesium absorption in the thick ascending limb, suggesting that the effect may be mediated by the distal nephron. The calcium channel TRPV5, normally present in the distal tubule, was expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Calcium uptake by TRPV5 was directly inhibited by magnesium and low pH. In summary, these data are compatible with the hypothesis that urinary magnesium directly inhibits renal calcium absorption, which can be negated by high luminal pH, and that this regulation likely takes place in the distal tubule.
Leucocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules and their role in bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis
Authors: S Montefort, ST Holgate, PH Howarth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Leucocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules are involved in the initial stages of the recruitment and migration of inflammatory leucocytes from the circulation to sites of inflammation. There is accumulating evidence for their involvement in the pathophysiology of airway mucosal allergic inflammation, such as that found in asthma and rhinitis. The best characterized adhesion molecule families are the integrins, the immunoglobulin supergene family and the selectins. This review article describes some of the characteristics and properties of these families. We also discuss the situations in which these adhesion molecules might be involved in inflammatory airway diseases, and how evidence for this role might lead to future modes of therapy for these common conditions.
Performance of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Cockcroft-Gault Equations in the Estimation of GFR in Health and in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Emilio D. Poggio, Xuelei Wang, Tom Greene, Frederik Van Lente, Phillip M. Hall
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

<h3>Background:</h3> Gender disparities in faculty rank have yet to be studied among Canadian physicians. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in region, training, research productivity and years in practice explain gender differences in academic promotion among Canadian general surgeons. <h3>Methods:</h3> We developed a cross-sectional database of faculty-appointed general surgeons practising in the hospitals affiliated with the 17 universities within the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada in 2017 using publicly available directories, university and hospital websites, and direct communication. The data were collected between October and December 2018 and included gender, residency completion year, graduate education, fellowships, number of publications and Scopus h-index; faculty lists and professorship status were verified by program administrators or division heads of their respective divisions. The dependent variable was binary: full professor or not. A combined outcome of associate or full professor was also analyzed. We analyzed all variables in a multivariable logistic regression model. <h3>Results:</h3> Of the 17 institutions contacted, all but 1 confirmed the faculty lists and professorship status. A total of 405 surgeons were included, of whom 111 (27.4%) were women. Sixty-eight women (61.3%) and 120 men (40.8%) were assistant professors, and 9 women (8.1%) and 75 men (25.5%) were full professors. Although on average women had completed residency more recently than men (15.2 yr v. 19.2 yr, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), there was no difference between men and women in the mean number of publications as residents (2.98 v. 2.74, <i>p</i> = 0.7) or per year of practice (3.12 v. 2.09, <i>p</i> = 0.2), number of fellowships pursued (<i>p</i> = 0.7) or graduate education (<i>p</i> = 0.2). In the multivariable model (C-statistic = 0.88), gender remained significantly associated with full professorship (odds ratio 2.79, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 6.92), along with years in practice (odds ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.30). <h3>Interpretation:</h3> After controlling for years in practice, training and research productivity measures, we found that female surgeons with faculty appointments in Canada were less likely than their male counterparts to receive promotion to full professor. Pervasive inequities in systems of promotion must be addressed.
Long-Term Thermostabilization of Live Poxviral and Adenoviral Vaccine Vectors at Supraphysiological Temperatures in Carbohydrate Glass
Authors: Robert Alcock, Matthew G. Cottingham, Christine S. Rollier, Julie Furze, Samodh D. De Costa, Marian Hanlon, Alexandra J. Spencer, Jared D. Honeycutt, David H. Wyllie, Sarah C. Gilbert, Migena Bregu, Adrian V. S. Hill
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

A sucrose-trehalose glass film dried onto a filter can preserve the activity of two potential live viral vaccine vectors at elevated temperatures for up to 6 months.
Computational identification of DrosophilamicroRNA genes
Authors: Eric C Lai, Pavel Tomancak, Robert W Williams, Gerald M Rubin
Journal: Genome biology (2003)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of 21-22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs with presumed post-transcriptional regulatory activity. Most miRNAs were identified by direct cloning of small RNAs, an approach that favors detection of abundant miRNAs. Three observations suggested that miRNA genes might be identified using a computational approach. First, miRNAs generally derive from precursor transcripts of 70-100 nucleotides with extended stem-loop structure. Second, miRNAs are usually highly conserved between the genomes of related species. Third, miRNAs display a characteristic pattern of evolutionary divergence.We developed an informatic procedure called 'miRseeker', which analyzed the completed euchromatic sequences of Drosophila melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura for conserved sequences that adopt an extended stem-loop structure and display a pattern of nucleotide divergence characteristic of known miRNAs. The sensitivity of this computational procedure was demonstrated by the presence of 75% (18/24) of previously identified Drosophila miRNAs within the top 124 candidates. In total, we identified 48 novel miRNA candidates that were strongly conserved in more distant insect, nematode, or vertebrate genomes. We verified expression for a total of 24 novel miRNA genes, including 20 of 27 candidates conserved in a third species and 4 of 11 high-scoring, Drosophila-specific candidates. Our analyses lead us to estimate that drosophilid genomes contain around 110 miRNA genes.Our computational strategy succeeded in identifying bona fide miRNA genes and suggests that miRNAs constitute nearly 1% of predicted protein-coding genes in Drosophila, a percentage similar to the percentage of miRNAs recently attributed to other metazoan genomes.
A Cluster-Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Vi Typhoid Vaccine in India
Authors: Dipika Sur, R. Leon Ochiai, Sujit K. Bhattacharya, Nirmal K. Ganguly, Mohammad Ali, Byomkesh Manna, Shanta Dutta, Allan Donner, Suman Kanungo, Jin Kyung Park, Mahesh K. Puri, Deok Ryun Kim, Dharitri Dutta, Barnali Bhaduri, Camilo J. Acosta, John D. Clemens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Typhoid fever remains an important cause of illness and death in the developing world. Uncertainties about the protective effect of Vi polysaccharide vaccine in children under the age of 5 years and about the vaccine's effect under programmatic conditions have inhibited its use in developing countries.
Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and Risk of Hospitalization With Pneumonia
Authors: Jette B. Kornum, Reimar W. Thomsen, Anders Riis, Hans-Henrik Lervang, Henrik C. Schønheyder, Henrik T. Sørensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—To examine whether diabetes is a risk factor for hospitalization with pneumonia and to assess the impact of A1C level on such risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this population-based, case-control study we identified patients with a first-time pneumonia-related hospitalization between 1997 and 2005, using health care databases in northern Denmark. For each case, 10 sex- and age-matched population control subjects were selected from Denmark's Civil Registration System. We used conditional logistic regression to compute relative risk (RR) for pneumonia-related hospitalization among subjects with and without diabetes, controlling for potential confounding factors. RESULTS—The study included 34,239 patients with a pneumonia-related hospitalization and 342,390 population control subjects. The adjusted RR for pneumonia-related hospitalization among subjects with diabetes was 1.26 (95% CI 1.21–1.31) compared with nondiabetic individuals. The adjusted RR was 4.43 (3.40–5.77) for subjects with type 1 diabetes and 1.23 (1.19–1.28) for subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes duration ≥10 years increased the risk of a pneumonia-related hospitalization (1.37 [1.28–1.47]). Compared with subjects without diabetes, the adjusted RR was 1.22 (1.14–1.30) for diabetic subjects whose A1C level was &amp;lt;7% and 1.60 (1.44–1.76) for diabetic subjects whose A1C level was ≥9%. CONCLUSIONS—Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are risk factors for a pneumonia-related hospitalization. Poor long-term glycemic control among patients with diabetes clearly increases the risk of hospitalization with pneumonia.
Exaggerated inflammation, impaired host defense, and neuropathology in progranulin-deficient mice
Authors: Fangfang Yin, Rebecca Banerjee, Bobby Thomas, Ping Zhou, Liping Qian, Ting Jia, Xiaojing Ma, Yao Ma, Costantino Iadecola, M. Flint Beal, Carl Nathan, Aihao Ding
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Progranulin (PGRN) is a widely expressed protein involved in diverse biological processes. Haploinsufficiency of PGRN in the human causes tau-negative, ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, the mechanisms are unknown. To explore the role of PGRN in vivo, we generated PGRN-deficient mice. Macrophages from these mice released less interleukin-10 and more inflammatory cytokines than wild type (WT) when exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. PGRN-deficient mice failed to clear Listeria monocytogenes infection as quickly as WT and allowed bacteria to proliferate in the brain, with correspondingly greater inflammation than in WT. PGRN-deficient macrophages and microglia were cytotoxic to hippocampal cells in vitro, and PGRN-deficient hippocampal slices were hypersusceptible to deprivation of oxygen and glucose. With age, brains of PGRN-deficient mice displayed greater activation of microglia and astrocytes than WT, and their hippocampal and thalamic neurons accumulated cytosolic phosphorylated transactivation response element DNA binding protein–43. Thus, PGRN is a key regulator of inflammation and plays critical roles in both host defense and neuronal integrity. FTD associated with PGRN insufficiency may result from many years of reduced neutrotrophic support together with cumulative damage in association with dysregulated inflammation.
Endoscopic molecular imaging of human bladder cancer using a CD47 antibody
Authors: Ying Pan, Jens-Peter Volkmer, Kathleen E. Mach, Robert V. Rouse, Jen-Jane Liu, Debashis Sahoo, Timothy C. Chang, Thomas J. Metzner, Lei Kang, Matt van de Rijn, Eila C. Skinner, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Irving L. Weissman, Joseph C. Liao
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

A combination of optical imaging technologies with cancer-specific molecular imaging agents is a potentially powerful strategy to improve cancer detection and enable image-guided surgery. Bladder cancer is primarily managed endoscopically by white light cystoscopy with suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. Emerging optical imaging technologies hold great potential for improved diagnostic accuracy but lack imaging agents for molecular specificity. Using fluorescently labeled CD47 antibody (anti-CD47) as molecular imaging agent, we demonstrated consistent identification of bladder cancer with clinical grade fluorescence imaging systems, confocal endomicroscopy, and blue light cystoscopy in fresh surgically removed human bladders. With blue light cystoscopy, the sensitivity and specificity for CD47-targeted imaging were 82.9 and 90.5%, respectively. We detected variants of bladder cancers, which are diagnostic challenges, including carcinoma in situ, residual carcinoma in tumor resection bed, recurrent carcinoma following prior intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and excluded cancer from benign but suspicious-appearing mucosa. CD47-targeted molecular imaging could improve diagnosis and resection thoroughness for bladder cancer.
Regionalized Sequence of Myocardial Cell Growth and Proliferation Characterizes Early Chamber Formation
Authors: Alexandre T. Soufan, Gert van den Berg, Jan M. Ruijter, Piet A.J. de Boer, Maurice J.B. van den Hoff, Antoon F.M. Moorman
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Increase in cell size and proliferation of myocytes are key processes in cardiac morphogenesis, yet their regionalization during development of the heart has been described only anecdotally. We have made quantitative reconstructions of embryonic chicken hearts ranging in stage from the fusion of the heart-forming fields to early formation of the chambers. These reconstructions reveal that the early heart tube is recruited from a pool of rapidly proliferating cardiac precursor cells. The proliferation of these small precursor cells ceases as they differentiate into overt cardiomyocytes, producing a slowly proliferating straight heart tube composed of cells increasing in size. The largest cells were found at the ventral side of the heart tube, which corresponds to the site of the forming ventricle, as well as the site where proliferation is reinitiated. The significance of these observations is 2-fold. First, they support a model of early cardiac morphogenesis in 2 stages. Second, they demonstrate that regional increase in size of myocytes contributes significantly to chamber formation.
Gene Therapy With the Angiogenic Cytokine Secretoneurin Induces Therapeutic Angiogenesis by a Nitric Oxide–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Wilfried Schgoer, Markus Theurl, Johannes Jeschke, Arno G.E. Beer, Karin Albrecht, Roland Gander, Song Rong, Danijela Vasiljevic, Margot Egger, Anna Maria Wolf, Silke Frauscher, Bernhard Koller, Ivan Tancevski, Josef R. Patsch, Peter Schratzberger, Hildegunde Piza-Katzer, Andreas Ritsch, Ferdinand H. Bahlmann, Reiner Fischer-Colbrie, Dominik Wolf, Rudolf Kirchmair
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

The neuropeptide secretoneurin induces angiogenesis and postnatal vasculogenesis and is upregulated by hypoxia in skeletal muscle cells.We sought to investigate the effects of secretoneurin on therapeutic angiogenesis.We generated a secretoneurin gene therapy vector. In the mouse hindlimb ischemia model secretoneurin gene therapy by intramuscular plasmid injection significantly increased secretoneurin content of injected muscles, improved functional parameters, reduced tissue necrosis, and restored blood perfusion. Increased muscular density of capillaries and arterioles/arteries demonstrates the capability of secretoneurin gene therapy to induce therapeutic angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Furthermore, recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells was enhanced by secretoneurin gene therapy consistent with induction of postnatal vasculogenesis. Additionally, secretoneurin was able to activate nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells and inhibition of nitric oxide inhibited secretoneurin-induced effects on chemotaxis and capillary tube formation in vitro. In vivo, secretoneurin induced nitric oxide production and inhibition of nitric oxide attenuated secretoneurin-induced effects on blood perfusion, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and vasculogenesis. Secretoneurin also induced upregulation of basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-B in endothelial cells.In summary, our data indicate that gene therapy with secretoneurin induces therapeutic angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and vasculogenesis in the hindlimb ischemia model by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism.
IMMUNOREACTIONS INVOLVING PLATELETS. V. POST-TRANSFUSION PURPURA DUE TO A COMPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIBODY AGAINST A GENETICALLY CONTROLLED PLATELET ANTIGEN. A PROPOSED MECHANISM FOR THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND ITS RELEVANCE IN “AUTOIMMUNITY”*
Authors: N. Raphael Shulman, Richard H. Aster, Alfred Leitner, Merilyn C. Hiller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)