tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection and expression of a cDNA clone that encodes a polypeptide containing two inhibitory domains of human calpastatin and its recognition by rheumatoid arthritis sera.
Authors: N Després, G Talbot, B Plouffe, G Boire, H A Ménard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

RA is the most frequent and most destructive inflammatory arthropathy. Rheumatoid factors, in spite of their lack of disease specificity, are important serological markers for RA and appear important in its immunopathogenesis as well. In search of more disease-specific autoimmune systems, we have screened a human placenta lambda gt11 cDNA expression library using selected sera from patients with classical erosive RA. We have identified one clone (RA-1) that is recognized by three of five screening sera. The 950-bp insert shows a complete nucleotide sequence homology to the cDNA encoding the two COOH-terminal domains of calpastatin. The deduced open reading frame of the RA-1 cDNA predicts a 284-amino acid protein, with a calculated mol wt of 35.9 kD. Calpastatin is the natural inhibitor of calpains, which are members of the cysteine proteinases recently implicated in joint destruction in rheumatic diseases. The two domains encoded by the RA-1 clone each contain the structural features associated with the inhibitory activity of human calpastatin. By Western blotting, 45.5% or 21/44 RA sera specifically recognized both the fusion and the cleaved recombinant protein. This is in contrast to 4.7% (2/43) in nonrheumatoid sera and 0/10 in normal sera. Anticalpastatin autoantibodies could represent a disease-associated marker in chronic erosive arthritis of the rheumatoid type and could hypothetically play a dual pathogenic role, directly via an immune interference and indirectly through an immune complex mechanism.
Ascorbic Acid and Urinary pH
Authors: D. Robert Axelrod
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  In a recent letter to the editor, the issue was again raised of whether or not ascorbic acid lowers urinary pH. 1 There are reports that ascorbate does 2-6 and reports that it does not 7-9 change urine acidity. These contradictory results arise from a difference in (1) selection of patients and (2) semantics. The studies that evaluated subjects with urinary tract infection showed a decrease in the pH of voided urine; studies using subjects without infection showed no change. The inhibition of bacterial urease 10-13 is undoubtedly the cause of change, when it occurs. The ascorbic acid effect is more accurately described as preventing the alkalinization of urine rather than producing an acid urine. This occurs by preventing or decreasing ammonia production by bacterial urease. This is illustrated by an experiment in which urea, urease, and ascorbic acid were put into 0.1M phosphate buffer. In the
NATURALLY OCCURRING PRIMARY DEFICIENCIES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Authors: A. Fischer, M. Cavazzana-Calvo, G. De Saint Basile, J. P. DeVillartay, J. P. Di Santo, C. Hivroz, F. Rieux-Laucat, F. Le Deist
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1997)

▪ Abstract Naturally occurring genetic disorders of the immune system provide many models for the study of its development and function. In a way, their analysis complements the information provided by the generation of genetic defects in mice created using homologous recombination techniques. In this review, the recent findings made in three areas are focused upon deficiencies in T cell differentiation and in T lymphocyte activation, and on the control process of peripheral immune response.
Cryosurgery or Microsurgery in the Management of Acromegaly
Authors: Graham M. Teasdale
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Fifty-six patients with growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas, 28 treated by cryoablation and 28 by microsurgery, have been followed up from three to eight years. Mean serum growth hormone concentrations were less than 10 mU/L in 19 patients (68%) after microsurgery as compared with seven (25%) after cryosurgery. Hypopituitarism and operative complications were more frequent after cryosurgery. Transsphenoidal microsurgery was particularly successful in reducing growth hormone secretion without impairing normal pituitary function, when the patient had not been previously treated by another method. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1289-1291)
Neuromyogenic properties of the internal anal sphincter: therapeutic rationale for anal fissures
Authors: R BHARDWAJ
Journal: Gut (2000)

Neuromyogenic properties of the internal anal sphincter: therapeutic rationale for anal fissures Summary Lateral sphincterotomy diminishes internal anal sphincter hypertonia and thereby reduces anal canal pressure.This improves anal mucosal blood flow and promotes the healing of anal fissures.However, sphincterotomy can be associated with long term disturbances of sphincter function.The optimal treatment for an anal fissure is to induce a temporary reduction of anal canal resting pressure to allow healing of the fissure without permanently disrupting normal sphincter function.Broader understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms controlling smooth muscle contraction has allowed pharmacological manipulation of anal sphincter tone.We performed an initial Medline literature search to identify all articles concerning "internal anal sphincter" and "anal fissures".This review is based on these articles and on additional publications obtained by manual cross referencing.Internal anal smooth muscle relaxation can be inhibited by stimulation of nonadrenergic non-cholinergic enteric neurones, parasympathetic muscarinic receptors, or sympathetic adrenoceptors, and by inhibition of calcium entry into the cell.Sphincter contraction depends on an increase in cytoplasmic calcium and is enhanced by sympathetic adrenergic stimulation.Currently, the most commonly used pharmacological agent in the treatment of anal fissures is topical glyceryl trinitrate, a nitric oxide donor.Alternative agents that exhibit a similar eVect via membrane Ca 2+ channels, muscarinic receptors, and or adrenoceptors are also likely to have a therapeutic potential in treating anal fissures.
Analysis of the interbeat interval increment to detect obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea
Authors: F. Roche, S. Celle, V. Pichot, J-C. Barthélémy, E. Sforza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) is underestimated and its diagnosis is costly and restricted to specialised sleep laboratories. The frequency component of interbeat interval increment (III) has been proposed as a simple and inexpensive diagnostic tool in OSAHS. In a set of 150 patients with clinically suspected sleep-related breathing disorder, the actual predictive accuracy of the power spectral density of the III of the very low frequencies (%VLFI) was analysed by comparing with the apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI), as assessed by synchronised polysomnography. OSAHS was defined in 100 patients according to an AHI>or=15 events.h(-1). Receiver operator characteristic curves built for %VLFI confirmed that this variable was able to separate OSAHS positive from OSAHS negative with statistical significance. Using an appropriate threshold (>4%), %VLFI demonstrated a positive predictive value of 80%. Misclassification of false-positive subjects occurred when the patient presented significant sleep discontinuity and sleep fragmentation (sleep fragmentation index>or=50 events.h(-1)) related to insomnia or periodic limb movements. A power spectral density of the interbeat interval increment of very low frequencies>4% allowed correct classification of obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome when the clinical history suggested sleep-related breathing disorders and when moderate-to-severe cases are considered. Higher power spectral density of the interbeat interval increment of very low frequencies may also indicate disrupted sleep in the absence of clear clinical symptoms of sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome.
Low-Energy Cardioversion With Epicardial Wire Electrodes: New Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation After Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Andreas Liebold, Alexander Wahba, Dietrich E. Birnbaum
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia after open heart surgery. Traditional treatment with a range of antiarrhythmic drugs and electrical cardioversion is associated with considerable side effects. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of low-energy atrial defibrillation with temporary epicardial defibrillation wire electrodes.Epicardial defibrillation wire electrodes were placed at the left and right atria during open heart surgery in 100 consecutive patients (age 65+/-9 years; male to female ratio 67:23). Electrophysiological studies performed postoperatively revealed a test shock (0.3 J) impedance of 96+/-12 omega (monophasic) and 97+/-13 omega (biphasic). During their hospital stay, AF occurred in 23 patients (23%) at 2.1+/-1.3 days postoperatively. Internal atrial defibrillation was performed in 20 patients. Of these patients, 80% (16/20) were successfully cardioverted with a mean energy of 5.2+/-3 J. Early recurrence of AF (< or =60 seconds after defibrillation) developed in 8 patients. Five patients had multiple episodes of AF. In total, 35 episodes of AF were treated, with an 88% success rate. Only 6 patients (30%) required sedation. No complications were observed with shock application or with lead extraction.Atrial defibrillation with temporary epicardial wire electrodes can be performed safely and effectively in patients after cardiac operations. The shock energy required to restore sinus rhythm is low. Thus, patients can be cardioverted without anesthesia.
Lack of association between genotypes and haematogenous seeding infections in a large cohort of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia from 21 Spanish hospitals
Authors: O. Gasch, M. Camoez, M.A. Dominguez, B. Padilla, V. Pintado, B. Almirante, C. Martín-Gandul, F. López-Medrano, E. Ruiz de Gopegui, J. Ramón Blanco, G. García-Pardo, E. Calbo, J.P. Horcajada, A. Granados, A. Jover-Sáenz, C. Dueñas, M. Pujol
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
Multiple subepidermal calcified nodules on the eyelids
Authors: K.I. Butt, R. Tsubom, R. Takimoto, Y. Suga, H. Ogawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Multiple subepidermal calcified nodules on the eyelids Get access K.I. Butt, K.I. Butt Department of Dermatolog, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2‐1‐1. Hongo, Buuknyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Tsubom, R. Tsubom Department of Dermatolog, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2‐1‐1. Hongo, Buuknyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Takimoto, R. Takimoto Department of Dermatolog, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2‐1‐1. Hongo, Buuknyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Suga, Y. Suga Department of Dermatolog, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2‐1‐1. Hongo, Buuknyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Ogawa H. Ogawa Department of Dermatolog, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2‐1‐1. Hongo, Buuknyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 4, 1 October 1995, Pages 664–665, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02732.x Published: 01 October 1995
Long-term survival after endoscopic resection versus surgery in early gastric cancers
Authors: Young-Il Kim, Young-Woo Kim, Il Choi, Chan Kim, Jong Lee, Soo-Jeong Cho, Bang Eom, Hong Yoon, Keun Ryu, Myeong-Cheorl Kook
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aim:</b> Endoscopic resection for early gastric cancers that meet the expanded indication is considered to be an investigational treatment. The study aim was to evaluate long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection compared with surgery for early gastric cancers meeting the expanded indication. <b>Methods: </b>We retrospectively reviewed data from patients who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery for gastric cancers meeting the expanded indication between 2001 and 2009. Overall survival rate was the primary outcome; gastric cancer recurrence rates and complication rates were secondary outcomes. <b>Results: </b>Among 457 patients included, 165 underwent endoscopic resection and 292 surgery, with median follow-up duration of 58.6 months. The 5-year overall survival rates were 97.5 % and 97.0 % for endoscopic resection and surgery, respectively; Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no significant difference (<i>P</i> = 0.425). The 5-year gastric cancer recurrence rate was higher for endoscopic resection than for surgery (4.8 % vs. 0.3 %; <i>P</i> < 0.001) mainly because of metachronous cancers which developed only in the endoscopic resection group (9/165, 5.5 %). Most of the metachronous cancers (88.9 %) were curatively treated with endoscopic resection. Early complication rates were similar between the groups (<i>P</i> = 0.557), but the endoscopic resection group had more grade III or higher complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification compared with the surgery group (4.8 % vs. 1.4 %, <i>P</i> = 0.026). Late complications occurred only following surgery (4.8 %, <i>P</i> = 0.004), and most (92.9 %) were grade III or higher. <b>Conclusions:</b> Endoscopic resection may be an optimal alternative to surgery for gastric cancers that meet the expanded indication criteria, because of a comparable long-term overall survival rate.
Perforation of nasal septum due to button battery lodging in nose.
Authors: P Fernando
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The mode ofthis patient's infection is uncertain.We think that in walking barefoot she may have trodden in contaminated faeces from an infected person or pet.For a local dog or cat to be chronically infected it would have to have been imported from an endemic area, but larvae might persist and develop in warm, moist soil even in an English summer.It is unlikely that larvae would exist in the soil on contaminated vegetables imported from warmer climes.Orogenital transmission of strongyloidiasis has been suggested,3 but this patient denied any sexual contact.
Association Between Allergy and Asthma from Childhood to Middle Adulthood in an Australian Cohort Study
Authors: RORY WOLFE, JOHN B. CARLIN, HELMUT OSWALD, ANTHONY OLINSKY, PETER D. PHELAN, COLIN F. ROBERTSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

A cohort of 378 asthmatic children was studied from 7 to 35 yr of age at 7-yr intervals. On selection for inclusion in the study sample, the children had a wide range of severity of wheezing. At each 7-yr review, asthma severity, the presence of eczema or hay fever, and skin test reactivity to house dust mite or rye grass were recorded by questionnaire or clinical interview. We report on the course of asthma and these atopic conditions over the study period and discuss associations between the two phenomena. The presence of an atopic condition in childhood was found to increase the odds of more severe asthma in later life (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17 to 2.36 in the case of eczema; OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.92 for hay fever; and OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.49 to 3.39 for skin test reactivity). Additionally, the odds of eczema and hay fever in later life increased with severity of asthma in childhood. The findings of this study provide substantially new quantitative information on the extent of association between asthma and atopic conditions from childhood into middle adulthood.
Relationship Between Serum Leptin Levels and Alcohol Consumption in a Controlled Feeding and Alcohol Ingestion Study
Authors: Mark J Roth, David J Baer, Paul S Albert, Thomas W Castonguay, Joanne F Dorgan, Sanford M Dawsey, Ellen D Brown, Terry J Hartman, William S Campbell, Carol A Giffen, Joseph T Judd, Philip R Taylor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

We examined serum leptin levels in a controlled feeding and alcohol ingestion study to elucidate potential mechanisms by which alcohol may affect cancer and immunologically related health risks. A total of 53 healthy, nonsmoking postmenopausal women completed a random-order, three-period crossover design study in which each woman received zero (0 g of alcohol), one (15 g of alcohol), or two (30 g alcohol) drinks per day. After accounting for differences in body mass index, women who consumed 15 or 30 g of alcohol per day had 7.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0% to 15.1%) and 8.9% (95% CI = 1.6% to 16.7%) higher serum leptin levels, respectively (Ptrend = .018), than women who consumed 0 g of alcohol per day. Younger women (i.e., 49–54 years) demonstrated a statistically significantly larger association of alcohol consumption level with the increase in serum leptin levels than older women (i.e., 55–79 years) (24.4%, 95% CI = 9.3% to 42.0% versus 3.7%, 95% CI = −4.1% to 12.1% increase in serum leptin levels for 30 g of alcohol per day relative to 0 g of alcohol per day for the lowest age quartile compared with the three highest age quartiles combined; P = .022). These results indicate that moderate alcohol consumption (15–30 g of alcohol per day) increases serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women and may predispose moderate drinkers to the morbidities associated with chronic elevations of this hormone including cancer.
Prediction of Long-Term Prognosis in 12 169 Men Referred for Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Terence Kavanagh, Donald J. Mertens, Larry F. Hamm, Joseph Beyene, Johanna Kennedy, Paul Corey, Roy J. Shephard
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Predicting the risk of cardiac and all-cause death in patients with established coronary heart disease is important in counseling the individual and designing risk-stratified rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs. Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were thus completed on initial assessment data obtained from patients referred to an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation center. Methods and Results — A single-center prospective observational design took peak cardiorespiratory exercise test data for 12 169 male rehabilitation candidates aged 55.0±9.6 years (7096 myocardial infarctions [MIs], 3077 coronary artery bypass grafts [CABGs], and 1996 documented cases of ischemic heart disease [IHD]). A follow-up of 4 to 29 years (median, 7.9) yielded 107 698 man-years of experience. Entry data were tested for associations with time to cardiac and all-cause death. We recorded 1336 cardiac deaths (953 MI, 225 CABG, and 158 IHD) and 2352 all-cause deaths. A powerful predictor of cardiac and all-cause mortality was measured peak oxygen intake (V̇ o 2peak ). For the overall sample, values of &lt;15, 15 to 22, and &gt;22 mL/kg per minute yielded respective multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of 1.00, 0.62, and 0.39 for cardiac and 1.00, 0.66, and 0.45 for all-cause deaths. For the separate diagnostic categories, apart from V̇ o 2peak , the only other significant predictors of cardiac death common to all 3 were smoking and digoxin, and for all-cause death, age, smoking, digoxin, and diabetes. Conclusions — Exercise capacity, as determined by direct measurement of V̇ o 2peak , exerts a major long-term influence on prognosis in men after MI, CABG, or IHD and can play a valuable role in risk stratification and counseling.
Environment or Host?
Authors: M. Ashworth Dirac, Kathleen L. Horan, David R. Doody, J. Scott Meschke, David R. Park, Lisa A. Jackson, Noel S. Weiss, Kevin L. Winthrop, Gerard A. Cangelosi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease is an increasingly common and chronically debilitating problem. Several host traits have been suggested or confirmed as risk factors. Potential environmental and behavioral risk factors have also been proposed. Few have been evaluated in comparative studies.
GS-98-438 a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) for presumed precore mutant chronic hepatitis B: 48 week results
Authors: S. Hadziyannis, N. Tassopolous, E. Heathcote, T.T. Chang, G. Kitis, T. Rizzetto, P. Marcellin, S.G. Lim, M. Wulfsohn, M. Wollman, J. Fry, C. Brosgart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Increased sheep lung vascular permeability caused by histamine.
Authors: K L Brigham, P J Owen
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

To see whether histamine increases lung vascular permeability to protein, we compared the effects of steady-state histamine infusions on lung vascular pressures, lung lymph flow, and lung lymph protein content with the effects of mechanically elevated lung vascular pressures on these variables in the same unanesthetized sheep. We surgically implanted catheters in the pulmonary artery, the left atrium, the superior vena cava, and a main lung lymphatic. After the sheep had recovered from surgery, we carried out steady-state experiments without anesthesia. Histamine induced a dose-related, quickly reversible increase in lung lymph flow without affecting pulmonary artery pressure, and it caused left atrial pressure to fall. During 4-hour intravenous 4-mug/kg min-1 histamine infusions, lymph flow and lymph protein clearance (lymph flow X lymph-plasma protein concentration ratio) increased more than they did with mechanically elevated pressure even though vascular pressures fell. Lymph-plasma protein ratios decreased linearly with increasing lymph flow during increased pressure experiments, but during histamine infusions the ratios did not decrease even though lymph flow increased 2-6-fold. Lymph clearance and permeability-surface area products (PS) for eight protein fractions with molecular radii ranging from 36 to 100 A decreased with increasing molecular size in base-line, increased pressure, and histamine studies. PS values for all eight fractions were significantly higher than base line in histamine experiments but not in increased pressure experiments. Four-hour intravenous histamine infusions caused moderate increases in lung water content. Left atrial infusions had less effect on lymph flow than did intravenous infusions. We conclude that histamine causes pulmonary vascular permeability to protein to increase but that the effects on exchanging vessel porosity are more modest than those suggested for systemic microvessels. Histamine should be considered a possible mediator of increased lung vascular permeability.
THORACIC STOMACHS: A STUDY OF PHARYNGEAL POUCH AND CARDIOSPASM, WITH REPORT OF THREE CASES
Authors: A. W. Adams
Journal: BMJ (1930)

I MEIA JORA .There would seeim to be little doubt that a toxin o-r an alllied substance acting on tlhe marrow is at the root of thle production of the (lisease.Here, bv its irritative or stiliutlating actioni, it lproduces a specific type of miar row clhanige.Tllere is nio evidence for the view thlat the lesions in the various organs in pernicious anaemia are produced dlirectly by tlhe samne toxinl O1r by a variety of different toxinis.Everything suggests that the conditions in the nielvous system, stomach, and -liver (in the later stages) aric produced seconrdarily by the anioxaeiic state brought about by the primalrv manirrow lesioll.Any other view would seem to be ilicapable of explaining how such diverse catuLses as those producinig idiopatbic pernicious anaemia, spriie, and the pernkiious anaemiiia of pregiianev, syphilis, tapcew-olm infestationi, malaria, etc., can so uniformly brinig about what Vaughani calls tlhese " oddly associated lesionls."* Sunt,nary.The essenitial and pri-imary factor in the productioni of pernicious anaemiiia is the involvement of the bone marrow in an 'iiritative process; whicli causes it to revert to embryonic cell formiation.The resultilng anoxaemia causcs, secondarily, the com- pli.catiolis which are to bhe found in tlhe central nlervous systenii, the stoinac'i, and time li-er (later stages).There is nio evidenice for the existence of a " pernicious anaemia diathesis " either in relation to the disease as a whole olr to the organl complications.