tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Post-earthquake Nepal: lessons from Fukushima
Authors: Anup Uprety, Claire Leppold, Akihiko Ozaki, Asaka Higuchi, Tetsuya Tanimoto
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2016)

Buddha Basnyat and colleagues (December, 2015)1Basnyat B Tabin C Nutt C Farmer P Post-earthquake Nepal: the way forward.Lancet Glob Health. 2015; 3: e731-e732Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (18) Google Scholar emphasise the opportunity for investments in innovative health care in the earthquake-ravaged districts of Nepal and raise concerns about epidemic outbreaks based on the experience of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Yet, the differing climates of Haiti and Nepal deserve attention; contrary to tropical Haiti, Nepal has five climate zones and winters with temperatures dropping below freezing. This presents a similarity to the climate of Fukushima, which was stricken by the Great East Japan earthquake in 2011. Rather than epidemics, winter-related disease might bring the biggest immediate burden to post-disaster Nepal. It should be recognised that nearly 59 000 people are still living in 120 displacement sites in 13 districts of Nepal, and that 85% of these shelters are not suitable for winter.2Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsHumanitarian bulletin: Nepal earthquake.http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/NepalEarthquakeHumanitarianBulletinNo4%28Sept2015%29_Final.pdfGoogle Scholar, 3WHONepal ramps up disease surveillance after earthquakes.http://www.searo.who.int/mediacentre/features/2015/nepal-ramps-up-disease-surveillance-after-earthquakes/en/Google Scholar The beginning of winter will probably bring about problems of hypothermia, pneumonia, influenza, and even tuberculosis. In Fukushima, more than 450 000 people had to be evacuated, but the Japanese Government successfully provided multiple options for transitional shelter including prefabricated temporary housing, private rental apartments, government-owned accommodations, and public housing, all of which provide safety against winter conditions.4Ranghieri F Ishiwatari M Learning from megadisasters. Lessons from the great east Japan earthquake.http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/07/03/000456286_20140703095904/Rendered/PDF/890690PUB0Mega00Box385269B00PUBLIC0.pdfGoogle Scholar Housing is an immediate need and a prerequisite for any future work on innovative health care. Now is the time for the Government of Nepal to take leadership and channel all non-governmental organisations, stakeholders, and the international community at large to provide suitable housing for displaced people. In doing so, we can address present gaps in post-disaster support and begin to “build back better.” We declare no competing interests.
Circulating Adipokines and Inflammatory Markers and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Marc J. Gunter, Tao Wang, Mary Cushman, Xiaonan Xue, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Howard D. Strickler, Thomas E. Rohan, JoAnn E. Manson, Anne McTiernan, Robert C. Kaplan, Philipp E. Scherer, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Linda Snetselaar, Dan Wang, Gloria Y. F. Ho
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Adipokines and inflammation may provide a mechanistic link between obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer, yet epidemiologic data on their associations with breast cancer risk are limited. In a case-cohort analysis nested within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women, baseline plasma samples from 875 incident breast cancer case patients and 839 subcohort participants were tested for levels of seven adipokines, namely leptin, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, hepatocyte growth factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and for C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker. Data were analyzed by multivariable Cox modeling that included established breast cancer risk factors and previously measured estradiol and insulin levels. All statistical tests were two-sided. The association between plasma CRP levels and breast cancer risk was dependent on hormone therapy (HT) use at baseline (Pinteraction = .003). In a model that controlled for multiple breast cancer risk factors including body mass index (BMI), estradiol, and insulin, CRP level was positively associated with breast cancer risk among HT nonusers (hazard ratio for high vs low CRP levels = 1.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.04 to 2.68, Ptrend = .029). None of the other adipokines were statistically significantly associated with breast cancer risk. Following inclusion of CRP, insulin, and estradiol in a multivariable model, the association of BMI with breast cancer was attenuated by 115%. These data indicate that CRP is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer among HT nonusers. Inflammatory mediators, together with insulin and estrogen, may play a role in the obesity–breast cancer relation.
Atypical glandular cells on cervical cytology
Authors: Marie-Hélène Mayrand, Anita Koushik
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Need careful diagnostic evaluation

“How worried should I be?” is what women often ask when told that their screening cervical cytology result is abnormal. Unfortunately, when the result indicates atypical glandular cells (AGC), it is difficult to answer this question with certainty. The study by Wang and colleagues,1 assessing the short and long term risk of cervical cancer after detection of AGC from cervical smear tests in Sweden, provides useful information. The team examined the risk of cervical cancer up to 15 years after a first finding of AGC in a cohort of over three million women. The large sample makes it possible to provide precise estimates of risk following this rare diagnostic category. Glandular pathologies are difficult to diagnose and may be under-ascertained in the short term, making studies with longitudinal assessment and minimal losses to follow-up essential. The fact …
Role of insulin and IGF-1 receptors in bronchial epithelial cancer cells
Authors: Carolin Frisch, Anja Harst, Katrin Zimmermann, Alexander Pfeifer, Peter Mayer, Kurt Racké
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Inhalable insulin was developed in order to avoid daily injections in diabetes therapy. However, there are safety concerns as this route of application results in high local insulin concentrations which may trigger mitogenic effects via activation of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-1R). To find out whether this hypothesis is true, the present study aimed to explore the role of insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-1R and their downstream signaling in human bronchial epithelial cancer (HBEC) cell lines H292, H226 and H460.

Methods: Cell proliferation was assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Activation of Extracellular signal-regulated kinases/ Mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK/MAPK) was detected by phosphoprotein Western blot analysis. To knockdown (KD) receptors, cells were transduced with lentivirus encoding shRNAs (LV-sh-IR or LV-sh-IGF-1R).

Results: Treatment of H292 cells with 10nM insulin and 10nM IGF-1 increased proliferation by 44±4% and 121±7%, respectively. Similar effects were seen in H226, whereas there was no response in H460 cells. Correspondingly, insulin and IGF-1 increased the rate of phospho-ERK by ∼50% in H292 and H226, but not in H460 cells. 4 days after transduction of H292 with LV-sh-IR (KD ∼70%) a decrease of cell viability by 92% and a reduction of basal phospho-ERK by 40% was observed. In contrast, transduction with LV-sh-IGF-1R (KD ∼50%) induced a mesenchymal phenotype, associated with a 3 fold up-regulation of N-cadherin and fibronectin mRNA expression.

Conclusion: In HBEC cells insulin and IGF-1 activate MAPK and increase proliferation in a tumour specific manner. Functional IRs appear to be crucial for survival, whereas IGF-1Rs seem to suppress mesenchymal characteristics.
Power Outage—Inadequate Surgeon Performance Measures Leave Patients in the Dark
Authors: Todd A. Jaffe, Steven J. Hasday, Justin B. Dimick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

This Viewpoint explores the limits of the methods used in the Surgeon Scorecard, uses laparoscopic cholecystectomy data to illustrate the inherent statistical challenges the Scorecard faces, and suggests improvements for future surgical performance assessments.
MYB-QKI rearrangements in angiocentric glioma drive tumorigenicity through a tripartite mechanism
Authors: Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Lori A Ramkissoon, Payal Jain, Guillaume Bergthold, Jeremiah Wala, Rhamy Zeid, Steven E Schumacher, Laura Urbanski, Ryan O'Rourke, William J Gibson, Kristine Pelton, Shakti H Ramkissoon, Harry J Han, Yuankun Zhu, Namrata Choudhari, Amanda Silva, Katie Boucher, Rosemary E Henn, Yun Jee Kang, David Knoff, Brenton R Paolella, Adrianne Gladden-Young, Pascale Varlet, Melanie Pages, Peleg M Horowitz, Alexander Federation, Hayley Malkin, Adam A Tracy, Sara Seepo, Matthew Ducar, Paul Van Hummelen, Mariarita Santi, Anna Maria Buccoliero, Mirko Scagnet, Daniel C Bowers, Caterina Giannini, Stephanie Puget, Cynthia Hawkins, Uri Tabori, Almos Klekner, Laszlo Bognar, Peter C Burger, Charles Eberhart, Fausto J Rodriguez, D Ashley Hill, Sabine Mueller, Daphne A Haas-Kogan, Joanna J Phillips, Sandro Santagata, Charles D Stiles, James E Bradner, Nada Jabado, Alon Goren, Jacques Grill, Azra H Ligon, Liliana Goumnerova, Angela J Waanders, Phillip B Storm, Mark W Kieran, Keith L Ligon, Rameen Beroukhim, Adam C Resnick
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)
Effects of Cannabis Use on Human Behavior, Including Cognition, Motivation, and Psychosis: A Review
Authors: Nora D. Volkow, James M. Swanson, A. Eden Evins, Lynn E. DeLisi, Madeline H. Meier, Raul Gonzalez, Michael A. P. Bloomfield, H. Valerie Curran, Ruben Baler
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

With a political debate about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use as a backdrop, the wave of legalization and liberalization initiatives continues to spread. Four states (Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and Alaska) and the District of Columbia have passed laws that legalized cannabis for recreational use by adults, and 23 others plus the District of Columbia now regulate cannabis use for medical purposes. These policy changes could trigger a broad range of unintended consequences, with profound and lasting implications for the health and social systems in our country. Cannabis use is emerging as one among many interacting factors that can affect brain development and mental function. To inform the political discourse with scientific evidence, the literature was reviewed to identify what is known and not known about the effects of cannabis use on human behavior, including cognition, motivation, and psychosis.
Red blood cell transfusions among cancer patients on chemotherapy: A descriptive epidemiologic study
Authors: B. L. Nordstrom, K. H. Fraeman, W. Luo, J. M. Collins, C. D. O’Malley, R. J. Nordyke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20623 Background: Chemotherapy-induced anemia is sometimes treated with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. The epidemiology of RBC transfusions among cancer patients is not well understood. Methods: We extracted data for adults ≥18 years old with any type of cancer treated with chemotherapy (conventional, targeted, biologic, or hormonal treatment) at 4 hospital-affiliated oncology clinics in North Carolina between 2002 and Sept. 2007 from the Varian Medical Oncology database of electronic medical records. Patients with at least one RBC transfusion within 30 days after chemotherapy were identified. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics on or before the start of chemotherapy, and minimum hemoglobin (Hb) levels during chemotherapy, were compared between patients with and without transfusions during their first chemotherapy episode. Chi-squared and t tests assessed differences between groups. Results: Of 7726 eligible patients, 1359 (17.6%) received at least one RBC transfusion. Mean age was 56 (SD=13) years for patients with transfusions and 57 (SD=13) for those without. 49.3% of transfusion recipients and 15.7% of non-recipients had a hematologic malignancy (p < 0.001), primarily lymphoma, myeloma, or leukemia. Monotherapy with conventional myelosuppresive agents or hormonal treatment was seen in 13.2% and 15.5% of transfusion recipients vs. 9.0% and 7.5% of non-recipients, respectively (p < 0.001). The lowest Hb level during the chemotherapy episode is tabulated below. Conclusions: In this sample of 4 hospital-affiliated oncology clinics, 56% (1059/1875) of patients with Hb <9 g/dL were treated with RBC transfusions. Transfusion recipients were more likely than non-recipients to have a hematologic malignancy and to be treated with conventional chemotherapy or hormonal treatments. Lowest Hb During Chemotherapy (g/dL) Patients Without Transfusion (N = 6367) Patients With Transfusion (N = 1359) n (%) n (%) <7 76 (1.2) 137 (10.1) 7 - <8 228 (3.6) 354 (26.0) 8 - <9 512 (8.0) 568 (41.8) 9 - <10 813 (12.8) 240 (17.7) 10 - <11 1157 (18.2) 40 (2.9) 11+ 2936 (46.1) 6 (0.4) Unknown 645 (10.1) 14 (1.0) Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen Amgen
Malignant progression in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: Results of 157 patients selected for radiographic surveillance.
Authors: Jennifer LaFemina, Sebastien Gaujoux, Michael Ian D'Angelica, William R. Jarnagin, Nora Katabi, Kinh Gian Do, Murray F. Brennan, Peter J Allen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

152 Background: Natural history studies suggest that intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a field defect of pancreatic ductal instability. The risk of malignancy is well known, but it is unclear if the radiographic abnormality is the predominant site at which this progression occurs. This study analyzes the prevalence and site of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression in patients initially selected for radiographic surveillance. Methods: Patients evaluated for pancreatic cystic lesions between 1995-2010 were reviewed. Patients were included if they were followed for &gt; 6 months for a cystic lesion with either a documented cyst fluid CEA &gt;/= 200 ng/mL or pathologic confirmation of an IPMN. Results: Of the 157 patients initially selected for surveillance, 97 (62%) eventually underwent resection. The median length of surveillance prior to operation was 15 mo (range: 6-193 mo). Pathologically confirmed carcinoma in situ (high grade dysplasia, n=22) or invasive carcinoma (n=18) was identified in 40 patients. Of the 18 patients who were found to have invasive carcinoma, 10 had main duct IPMN (56%), 5 had branch duct (28%), and 3 had combined (17%). Four of the 18 patients who developed invasive cancer during surveillance (22% of those resected for carcinoma and 3% of those followed) developed PDAC in a region of the gland distinct from the radiographically identified lesion for which surveillance was recommended. Invasive carcinoma was diagnosed a median of 24 mo after the original IPMN diagnosis. During follow-up (median = 8 months from the cancer diagnosis), 1 patient died of disease, 2 are cancer-free, and 1 patient is alive with recurrence. Conclusions: In this study, 11% of patients with IPMN initially selected for surveillance developed invasive disease; 22% of those tumors arose in an area of the gland distinct from the initially identified lesion. Diagnostic and operative strategies for IPMN should consider the cancer risk in the entire gland. [Table: see text]
Analysis of the pathological response to primary chemotherapy, using news and classics biomolecular factors, in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC)
Authors: M. A. Segui-Palmer, L. A. Fernandez-Morales, A. Arcusa, C. Pericay, A. Saez, X. Andreu, R. Florensa, J. Font, J. M. Lain, E. Saigi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

810 Background: Primary chemotherapy (PC) has a role in the multimodality treatment of LABC. Clinical tumor response to PC has been correlated with improvement in PFS, whereas pathologic complete response (pCR) is a strong prognostic factor for OS. The aims of this study were to determine the pathological and clinical response of PC with epirubicin (E) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) followed by weekly docetaxel (D) in patients (pts) with LABC and the possible association of news and classics biomolecular factors with response to treatment. The analysis of toxicity was doing as well. Methods: The PC regimen consisted of 4 cycles of EC (E 90 mg/m2 and Cy 600 mg/m2 q3wks) followed by 2 cycles of 6 weekly administration of D (35 mg/m2/wk) every 8 wks, all given preoperatively. Immunohistochemical (IHC) study of hormonal receptors (estrogens and progesterone), proliferative index (Ki67), expression of TP53, Bcl2, EGFR, Her-2/neu, and detection of gene amplification (HER-2 and Topoisomerase IIα) by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) were performed at diagnosis of LABC. Results: A total of 43 pts were treated. Median age was 52 years; 67% of tumors were ER and/or PR positive; 30% of tumors had Her-2/neu over expression. The clinical overall response rate was 81% (cCR=37% and cPR=44%). There were 16% of pCR and 9% of microscopically partial response. In tumors ER/PR negative the pCR was 36% versus 7% in ER/PR positive tumors (p=0.025). A high proliferative index (Ki67 > 25%) had a statistically significant association with pCR (p<0.05). No evidence of statistically significant difference was observed with TP53, Bcl2, EGFR, HER-2/neu (IHC and CISH) and topoisomerase IIα (CISH). The most common grade 1–2 toxicities were alopecia, nausea/vomiting, gastritis, asthenia and nail changes. Grade 3–4 neutropenia was seen in 58% of pts on EC, with 10% febrile neutropenia. Grade 3–4 toxicities (% pts) with D were nail changes 5% and hepatic toxicities 2%. Conclusions: Primary chemotherapy with this regimen is effective and well-tolerated treatment in pts with LABC; pCR was associated to high proliferative index and negativity for estrogens and progesterone receptors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Oxaliplatin, irinotecan and cetuximab in advanced gastric cancer: First results of a multicenter phase II trial (AGMT Gastric- 2
Authors: E. Woell, R. Greil, W. Eisterer, M. Fridrik, B. Grünberger, K. Gattringer, B. Mayrbäurl, G. Russ, J. Thaler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15587 Background: Survival of patients (pts.) suffering from gastric cancer is still poor and treatment options for advanced gastric cancer are limited. In a previous phase II trial we could show that an outpatient combination of oxaliplatin and irinotecan was well tolerated and showed an objective response rate of 58% and a median overall survival of 9.5 months. In this multicenter phase II trial we tested this chemotherapy in combination with a cetuximab. Methods: Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 biweekly and irinotecan 125 mg/m2 biweekly were combined with cetuximab 400 mg/m2 loading dose and subsequent weekly 250 mg/m2. In 13 months 40 patients with histological proven unresectable and/or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma and no previous palliative chemotherapy were treated. Median age: 64 years (range 20–80 years), male/female ratio: 24/16, PS 0: 17 patients, PS 1/2: 22 patients (1 unknown), single metastatic site: 22 patients, multiple metastases: 18 patients. Primary endpoint was response rate, secondary objectives were safety, overall survival and progression free survival time. Results: Frequently reported adverse events (more than 20% of pts.) were predominantly grade1 or 2 and included neutropenia (41% of patients), thrombocytopenia (20%), anemia (65%), nausea (53%), diarrhea (63%), alopecia (15%). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included neutropenia in 7/40 pts., anemia in 4/40 pts., nausea in 2/40 pts., and diarrhea in 5/40 pts. 14 patients were taken off-study due to toxicity (allergic reaction, n=2). Sensory neuropathy occurred mostly as grade 1 and 2 in 45% of pts., in 2 pts. grade 3 neurotoxicity was observed. Acneiform skin rash grade 1/2/3 was reported in 30%/18%/8% of patients respectively. First efficacy data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusion: The combination of oxaliplatin and irinotecan with cetuximab is feasible and shows toxicity within the range of other polychemotherapy regimens. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Growth <italic>In Vitro</italic> of Herpes Simplex Virus in Human Lymphoma Cell Lines<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: Victor Bedoya, Alan S. Rabson, Philip M. Grimley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

The growth of herpes simplex virus has been studied in two lymphoid cell lines derived from patients with malignant lymphoma of the Burkitt type. Cultures were examined by light and electron microscopy at selected intervals after virus infection, and ultrastructural changes were correlated with the virus growth curves. The initial penetration of herpes simplex virus was detected. In cultures inoculated with a high multiplicity of virus, nucleolar and chromatin alterations were observed after 5 hours, and immature virus capsids developed in the nucleus after 10 hours. Mature cytoplasmic or extracellular virions accumulated in large numbers after 15 hours. Disruption of nuclear membranes was prominent in late infection. Intranuclear inclusions of the Cowdry Type A were observed by light microscopy in appropriately fixed sections of the herpes-infected lymphoma cells, but could not be discerned in companion cell smears stained with Giemsa. A recticular network associated with the endoplasmic reticulum or annulate lamellae in both control and infected lymphoma cells is described.
Abstract 10147: Normal Values of Regional Oxygen Saturation Index (rSO2) in Children Using Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) Vary With Age.
Authors: Duraisamy Balaguru, Matthew Myatt, Vandna Passi, S. Shahrukh Hashmi, Mary Lambert, Meena Nathan, Rajiv Verma
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring of cerebral, splanchnic and renal ′regional oxygen saturation index′ (rSO2) after heart surgery in children is increasing in intensive ca...
Clinical Discussion of the Management of Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma/Oligoastrocytoma (Both Codeleted and Nondeleted)
Authors: Mark D. Anderson, Mark R. Gilbert
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA) are uncommon malignant tumors occurring in adults, but have garnered attention because of a high rate of response to chemotherapy in early studies. However, no clinical trial had demonstrated benefit with the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy alone until the long-term results of RTOG 9402 and EORTC 26951. These studies revealed prolonged survival in patients with anaplastic gliomas harboring the 1p/19q codeletion when treated with PCV (procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine) and radiation therapy compared with radiation alone. These studies validated the use of 1p/19q codeletion status as a predictive biomarker in these tumors. Additional molecular characterization of these tumors may provide additional insight into treatment decisions, although these characterizations have yet to be fully elucidated. Even with the strength of the data advocating the use of combination therapy (PCV and radiotherapy), the incorporation of newer, less-toxic drugs such as temozolomide into many practices in the past decade raises important questions regarding the optimal chemotherapy regimen. Unfortunately, additional definitive phase III trials will take several years to answer remaining questions. Regardless, it is clear that patients with 1p/19q codeleted AO or AOA who can tolerate chemotherapy should not receive radiotherapy alone.