tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia Enhances Metastatic Efficiency by Up-Regulating Mdm2 in KHT Cells and Increasing Resistance to Apoptosis
Authors: Li Zhang, Richard P. Hill
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Tumor hypoxia has been reported to be a negative prognostic factor in a number of tumor sites. Both clinical and experimental studies have suggested a positive correlation between tumor hypoxia and increased metastatic efficiency; however, the mechanisms are not understood. In this study, the mechanisms of hypoxia-enhanced metastasis have been investigated in murine KHT fibrosarcoma and SCC VII cells. We have observed that hypoxia-pretreated KHT-C cells have a higher survival rate than control KHT-C cells after being arrested in mouse lungs. cDNA microarray analysis revealed many hypoxia-regulated genes, most of which have been reported to be involved in cell survival and growth. Among these genes, we have confirmed the up-regulation of Mdm2 by hypoxia and have demonstrated that this up-regulation is p53 independent. The up-regulation of Mdm2 by hypoxia is associated with decreased p53 protein and inhibition of the transactivation of p53 downstream proapoptotic genes. Overexpression of Mdm2 or suppression of p53 by transient transfection increased metastatic efficiency in KHT-C cells. These data suggest that hypoxia can increase tumor cell metastatic efficiency by rendering the tumor cells less sensitive to stress-induced cell death, e.g., through modifying the levels of Mdm2 and p53.
Fruit and Vegetable Intakes and Prostate Cancer Risk
Authors: J. H. Cohen, A. R. Kristal, J. L. Stanford
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

BACKGROUND: There is extensive and consistent evidence that high fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with decreased risks of many cancers, but results for prostate cancer risk have been inconsistent. We studied the associations of fruit and vegetable intakes with prostate cancer risk in a population-based, case-control study of men under 65 years of age. METHODS: Case participants were 628 men from King County (Seattle area), WA, who were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer. Control participants were 602 men recruited from the same underlying population and frequency matched to case participants by age. Self-administered food-frequency questionnaires were used to assess diet over the 3- to 5-year period before diagnosis or recruitment. Daily nutrient intakes were calculated by use of a nutrient database with recently updated analytic values for carotenoids. Odds ratios for prostate cancer risk associated with foods and nutrients were calculated by use of unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: No associations were found between fruit intake and prostate cancer risk. The adjusted odds ratio (ORs) for the comparison of 28 or more servings of vegetables per week with fewer than 14 servings per week was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.45-0.94), with a two-sided P for trend = .01. For cruciferous vegetable consumption, adjusted for covariates and total vegetable intake, the OR for comparison of three or more servings per week with less than one serving per week was 0.59 (95% CI = 0.39-0.90), with a two-sided P for trend = .02. The OR for daily intake of 2000 μ g or more lutein plus zeaxanthin compared with an intake of less than 800 μg was 0.68 (95% CI = 0.45-1.00). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high consumption of vegetables, particularly cruciferous vegetables, is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer.
Transport of Organic Anions and Cations in Isolated Renal Plasma Membranes
Authors: C R Ross, P D Holohan
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1983)

The transepithelial transport in proximal renal tubular cells has been well documented for both organic anions and cations, previously referred to as acids and bases. The latter nomenclature is incorrect as quaternary nitro­ gen-containing compounds are not chemical bases in the strictest sense. The sequence of movement of organic ions is transport across the basolateral membrane, accumulation in the cells, followed by efflux from the cell across the brush border into the tubular fluid (see 1-6), The techniques for demonstrating these phenomena are numerous and have been outlined in reviews by Torretti & Weiner (7) and Rennick (8). They include such in vivo techniques as renal clearance, Sperber technique, stop-flow, retrograde intraureteral injection, and micropuncture. In vitro transport has been studied in renal slices and isolated renal tubules. Collec­ tively these techniques have established that the two systems are separate and distinct and that both groups of compounds are actively secreted by carrier-mediated transport. Both anions and cations are capable of being transported uphill (movement against a concentration gradient). Each system is saturable, inhibitable by metabolic inhibitors, demonstrates com­ petition between compounds within the same class, and demonstrates bidi­ rectional transport. While all of these findings have generated a great deal of information about the overall sequence of events, they have failed to yield specific information on the relative contributions of the brush border and basolat­ eral membranes to the overall transepithelial phenomena. Therefore, this review emphasizes the contributions made as well as the questions raised
Connective tissue disease due to intentional inhalation of scouring powder
Authors: M Vincent, C Pouchelle, S Martinon, F Gerard, Y Arthaud
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

There have been reports in the literature of acute and chronic silicosis and connective tissue disease induced by occupational exposure to silica in factories producing scouring powder. Reports of connective tissue diseases induced by intentional inhalation of such a powder are rare and perhaps underestimated. We report the case of a young woman who developed Sharp's syndrome 5 yrs after diagnosis of acute silicosis due to scouring powder inhalation. The frequency of diseases from scouring powder as well as physiopathological and therapeutical issues of the association of pneumoconiosis and connective tissue disease are discussed.
AGE AND THE SELF CONCEPT
Authors: KENNETH L. BLOOM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

An adjective checklist, designed by selecting items which a group of "experts" agreed would differentiate younger from older persons and which was found to be adequately reliable and valid, was administered to 83 white male, VA surgical patients ranging in age from 20-69 years. Ss were asked to describe "the way you are." Derived self acceptance and self rejection scores were correlated with chronological age and with a self rating of perceived age. Responses were analyzed to identify the specific traits which differentiate between individuals on the basis of age. The findings indicate that similarities in self perception with age outweigh differences. A curvilinear relationship was found between chronological age and self acceptance supporting both the theories of life stages and time perspective. Self acceptance increases from the 20's until the 40-49 year period at which time there is a downward turn. The item analysis suggested that older persons incorporate certain of the positive stereotypes of aging into their self concepts. A description of the aging process was outlined.
BRAF Inhibitor–Driven Tumor Proliferation in a <i>KRAS</i>-Mutated Colon Carcinoma Is Not Overcome by MEK1/2 Inhibition
Authors: Miles C. Andrews, Andreas Behren, Fiona Chionh, John Mariadason, Laura J. Vella, Hongdo Do, Alexander Dobrovic, Niall Tebbutt, Jonathan Cebon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Atrophy: Risk of Adenocarcinoma and Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma of the Gastric Cardia
Authors: W. Ye, M. Held, J. Lagergren, L. Engstrand, W. J. Blot, J. K. McLaughlin, O. Nyren
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: An inverse association between Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal adenocarcinoma has been reported that may be attributed to reduced acidity from inducing atrophic gastritis and from producing ammonia. We examined associations between H. pylori infection, gastric atrophy, and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma, and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma in a large population-based case-control study in Sweden. Methods: Self-reported data were obtained during interviews, and serum was collected from 97 patients with incident esophageal adenocarcinoma, 85 patients with incident esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma, 133 patients with incident gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and 499 randomly selected control subjects. Serum antibodies against whole H. pylori cell-surface antigens (HP-CSAs) and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) antigens were assessed by an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting, respectively. Gastric atrophy was assessed by serum levels of pepsinogen I. Multivariable logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounding factors was used to evaluate associations. Results: H. pylori infection, assayed by HP-CSA or CagA antibodies, was statistically significantly associated with a reduced risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma (for HP-CSA antibodies, odds ratio [OR] = 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 0.6; for CagA antibodies, OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3 to 0.8; for both, OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1 to 0.5). Gastric atrophy was not associated with the risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.5 to 2.5). Serum CagA antibodies and gastric atrophy were associated with an increased risk for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1 to 4.0, and OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.9 to 9.6, respectively). The risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma was not associated with H. pylori infection. However, gastric atrophy was associated with an increased risk for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.5 to 7.8). Conclusions: Infection with H. pylori may reduce the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but it is unlikely to do so by atrophy-reduced acidity. Gastric atrophy and infection with CagA-positive strains of H. pylori may increase the risk for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.
Adoptive T-Cell Therapy for Cancer: Boutique Therapy or Treatment Modality?
Authors: Cassian Yee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Adoptive cellular therapy, involving the ex vivo enrichment and expansion of antigen-specific immune cells for adoptive transfer, has emerged as an increasingly effective modality for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer refractory to conventional therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 19(17); 4550–2. ©2013 AACR.
Interferon gamma for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusions
Authors: S. Wongtim, U. Silachamroon, K. Ruxrungtham, V. Udompanich, S. Limthongkul, P. Charoenlap, C. Nuchprayoon
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> A study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic value of pleural fluid concentrations of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) as a marker of tuberculosis. <h3>METHODS</h3> Patients admitted to King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between April 1997 and January 1998 with a lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion were enrolled into the study. The pleural fluids were examined for cytology, staining for acid fast bacilli, and mycobacterial culture. Pathological examination and mycobacterial culture were performed on each pleural biopsy specimen. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was made when one of the following criteria was met: (1) <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> was isolated from either the pleural fluid or pleural tissue; (2) granulomas were demonstrated in the pleural tissue which stained positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB); or (3) in the presence of granulomas negative on staining for AFB in pleural tissue there was a response to antituberculous treatment on follow up. All pleural fluid samples were stored at –70°C and the IFN-γ level was measured by immunoassay. Analysis was made using sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio for a positive test result. The best cut off point was determined by the highest likelihood ratio and receiver operating characteristic curve. <h3>RESULTS</h3> A total of 66 patients were enrolled and tuberculosis was confirmed in 39 of them. The diagnoses in the non-tuberculous group included malignancy (15), paramalignancy (11), and chronic pleuritis secondary to infective endocarditis (1). The mean (SE) IFN-γ level in the pleural fluid was significantly higher in the tuberculous group than in the non-tuberculous group (1493.3 (131.3) pg/ml versus 80.1 (50.4) pg/ml, p&lt;0.001). The overlap between the two groups was minimal. At the cut off value of 240 pg/ml the sensitivity was 94.9% (95% CI 86.6 to 100), the specificity was 96.3% (95% CI 89.2 to 100), and the likelihood ratio for a positive test result was 25.6. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The pleural fluid concentration of IFN-γ is a good and useful diagnostic marker of tuberculosis presenting as a lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion.
THE VIRULENCE OF GROUP C HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI OF ANIMAL ORIGIN
Authors: C. V. Seastone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

A non-antigenic mucoid polysaccharide similar to that described by Kendall, Heidelberger, and Dawson was isolated from group C hemolytic streptococci. A simple method for its quantitative estimation is described. By means of this quantitative method, as well as by the direct isolation of the carbohydrates, the size and persistence of capsules in young cultures of various strains have been related to the non-antigenic mucoid polysaccharide. Similarly, invasiveness in different strains has been related to the mucoid polysaccharide. Data indicating the non-haptene nature of this material are presented. An autolytic process, accelerated by bile, is involved in the loss of capsular material from young streptococci.
Social class in childhood and general health in adulthood: questionnaire study of contribution of psychological attributes
Authors: H. Bosma, H D. van de Mheen, J. P Mackenbach
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<b>Objective</b>: To determine the contribution of psychological attributes (personality characteristics and coping styles) to the association between social class in childhood and adult health among men and women. <b>Design</b>: Partly retrospective, partly cross sectional study conducted in the framework of the Dutch GLOBE study. <b>Subjects</b>: Sample of general population from south east Netherlands consisting of 2174men and women aged 25-74years. Baseline self reported data from 1991provided information on childhood and adult social class, psychological attributes, and general health. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Self rated poor health. <b>Results</b>: Independent of adult social class, low childhood social class was related to self rated poor health (odds ratio 1.67(95% confidence interval 1.02to 2.75) for subjects whose fathers were unskilled manual workers versus subjects whose fathers were higher grade professionals). Subjects whose fathers were manual workers generally had more unfavourable personality profiles and more negative coping styles. External locus of control, neuroticism, and the absence of active problem focused coping explained about half of the association between childhood social class and self rated poor health. The findings were independent of adult social class and height. <b>Conclusions</b>: A higher prevalence of negative personality profiles and adverse coping styles in subjects who grew up in lower social classes explains part of the association between social class in childhood and adult health. This finding underlines the importance of psychological mechanisms in the examination of the negative effects of adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood.
Circulating endothelial-cell kinetics and viability predict survival in breast cancer patients receiving metronomic chemotherapy
Authors: Patrizia Mancuso, Marco Colleoni, Angelica Calleri, Laura Orlando, Patrick Maisonneuve, Giancarlo Pruneri, Alice Agliano, Aron Goldhirsch, Yuval Shaked, Robert S. Kerbel, Francesco Bertolini
Journal: Blood (2006)
Timing of Initiation of Antiretroviral Drugs during Tuberculosis Therapy
Authors: Salim S. Abdool Karim, Kogieleum Naidoo, Anneke Grobler, Nesri Padayatchi, Cheryl Baxter, Andrew Gray, Tanuja Gengiah, Gonasagrie Nair, Sheila Bamber, Aarthi Singh, Munira Khan, Jacqueline Pienaar, Wafaa El-Sadr, Gerald Friedland, Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The rates of death are high among patients with coinfection with tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The optimal timing for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in relation to tuberculosis therapy remains controversial.
Cardiopulmonary response to oxygen therapy in hypoxaemic chronic airflow obstruction.
Authors: J M Hunt, J Copland, C F McDonald, C E Barter, P D Rochford, R J Pierce
Journal: Thorax (1989)

The acute change in pulmonary artery pressure in response to oxygen may have prognostic value for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with long term domiciliary oxygen. A study was carried out to elucidate the mechanism of the acute cardio-respiratory response to oxygen in such patients and to determine whether it can be quantified non-invasively. The effects of acute oxygen administration (100% for 20 minutes and 28% oxygen for 24 hours) were assessed by non-invasive means and right heart catheterisation in 17 patients with severe stable hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Measurements included change in the ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT), effective pulmonary capillary blood flow (by rebreathing and single breath soluble gas uptake: QRB, QSB), left ventricular ejection fraction (radionuclide ventriculography), and M mode echocardiographic estimates of ventricular diameters and fractional shortening. These values were compared with those obtained from right heart catheter measurements of pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index (thermodilution and direct carbon dioxide Fick: QTD, QFICK), and pulmonary vascular resistance. Oxygen administration resulted in a significant fall in pulmonary artery pressure, QTD, and QRB and a significant increase in VD/VT. The fall in QRB after 100% oxygen breathing for 20 minutes correlated strongly with the fall in pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.86). There was no correlation between the fall in pulmonary artery pressure and the fall in QSB or the risen in VD/VT. Left ventricular ejection fraction did not change significantly. Echocardiography was technically unsatisfactory because of lung hyperinflation. Apart from a possible relation between VO2max and fall in pulmonary artery pressure after 24 hours of 28% oxygen breathing (r = 0.49, p less than 0.1) none of the baseline respiratory function measurements predicted the fall in pulmonary artery pressure or QRB. It is concluded that the cardiopulmonary response to acute oxygen breathing in patients with hypoxic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes a reduction in pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output and a redistribution of pulmonary blood flow, and that rebreathing measurements of effective pulmonary blood flow can be used to quantify this response non-invasively.
Culture and health
Authors: A David Napier, Clyde Ancarno, Beverley Butler, Joseph Calabrese, Angel Chater, Helen Chatterjee, François Guesnet, Robert Horne, Stephen Jacyna, Sushrut Jadhav, Alison Macdonald, Ulrike Neuendorf, Aaron Parkhurst, Rodney Reynolds, Graham Scambler, Sonu Shamdasani, Sonia Zafer Smith, Jakob Stougaard-Nielsen, Linda Thomson, Nick Tyler, Anna-Maria Volkmann, Trinley Walker, Jessica Watson, Amanda C de C Williams, Chris Willott, James Wilson, Katherine Woolf
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
The evolutionary psychology of men's coercive sexuality
Authors: Randy Thornhill, Nancy Wilmsen Thornhill
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1992)

Abstract Psychological adaptation underlies all human behavior. Thus, sexual coercion by men could either arise from a rape-specific psychological adaptation or it could be a side-effect of a more general psychological adaptation not directly related to rape. Determining the specific environmental cues that men's brains have been designed by selection to process may help us decide which these rival explanations is correct. We examine six testable predictions against existing data: (1) Both coercive and noncoercive will be associated with high levels of sexual arousal and performance in men. (2) Achieving physical control of a sexually unwilling woman will be sexually arousing to men. (3) Young men will be more sexually coercive than older men. (4) Men of low socioeconomic status will likewise be more sexually coercive. (5) A man's motivation to use sexual coercion will be influenced by its effects on social image. (6) Even in long-term relationships men will be motivated to use coercion when their mates show a lack of interest in resistance to sex because these are interpreted as signs of sexual infidelity. Current data support all six predictions and are hence consistent with the rape-specific hypothesis, but this does not eliminate the side-effect hypothesis, which is likewise compatible with the findings, as well as with the further evidence that forced matings increased the fitness of ancestral males during human evolution. We suggest some research that may help decide between the two hypotheses.
What does it take to make a developmentally competent mammalian egg?
Authors: M. Zuccotti, V. Merico, S. Cecconi, C. A. Redi, S. Garagna
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2011)

A limitation to our ability to distinguish between developmentally competent and incompetent eggs is our still only partial knowledge of the critical features that are needed to make a good egg and when during oogenesis these specific characteristics are acquired. The main objective of this review is to summarize the results of areas of investigation that are contributing to our still inadequate understanding of the molecular aspects of making developmentally competent eggs. For each area discussed, a systematic search was made using PubMed. The search was without temporal limits but mainly yielded publications between 1982–1999 (23%) and 2000–2011 (77%). Taking an oocyte-centred view, we describe throughout folliculogenesis: (i) the factors that regulate oocyte growth; (ii) the role of oocyte–cumulus cell dialogue; (iii) the epigenetic organization of the oocyte genome and (iv) the storage and regulation of maternal RNAs. The multifaceted complex of factors involved in oocyte growth constitutes the backbone on which oocyte developmental competence is built up. Operating behind the expression of these factors is a specific epigenetic signature established during oogenesis, but our knowledge is only approximate and major efforts will be required for more accurate analyses at specific gene loci. The growing research on small silencing RNAs during oogenesis and early oocyte development is revealing these molecules' critical role in mRNA degradation. Our next challenge will be to dissect the complex interactions among the different molecular players identified and to establish the presence of functional links among these factors.
Central Nervous System Nutrient Signaling: The Regulation of Energy Balance and the Future of Dietary Therapies
Authors: M.A. Stefater, R.J. Seeley
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2010)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway coordinates cell growth in response to nutrient availability. Increasing evidence points to a role for mTOR to also direct whole-body energy balance in response to micronutrient as well as hormonal cues. This positions mTOR as a key central integrator of acute and chronic changes in fuel status. Energy balance is affected by mTOR in several organ systems, including the hypothalamus, where the pathway can modulate feeding. We propose that a greater understanding of this nutrient-sensitive pathway may open the door to more intelligent, effective diet design based on the effects of micronutrients on specific signaling pathways.