tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nutritional parameters affecting erythrocyte polyamine levels in cancer patients.
Authors: D M Ota, K Nishioka, M Foulkes, V B Grossie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Changes in erythrocyte polyamine levels during intravenous hyperalimentation in cancer and noncancer patients were determined, and the influence of host nutritional status on polyamine metabolism was analyzed. RBC putrescine (P less than .001), spermidine (P less than .01), and spermine (P less than .005) levels, and the putrescine-spermidine ratio (P less than .001) increased in the cancer group while no significant increases were noted in the noncancer group. The degree of malnutrition, based on body weight loss and plasma albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein levels, was significantly greater in the cancer group than in the noncancer group, giving rise to the possibility that repletion of nutritional deficits in host tissues could have contributed to the rise in RBC polyamines. When cancer patients of similar nutritional status were matched with the noncancer group, increases in RBC putrescine level and putrescine-spermidine ratio were noted in the selected cancer patients. These results suggest that correction of nutritional deficits did not contribute significantly to the RBC polyamine pool and that increases in RBC polyamines during intravenous hyperalimentation were related to the presence of tumor.
Objective response evaluations using RECIST criteria: Performance of duplicate readings
Authors: S. Zaim, S. Ounadjela, N. Bouzegaou, J. Szechinski, R. Appel, Z. Jacques, Z. Jacques, A. Guermazi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6602 Background: Duplicate readings using the RECIST criteria are the current practice for objective response evaluation in cancer trials. In this study we evaluated the agreement in the duplicate readings and the reasons of discrepancies. Methods: 179 subjects participating in a prospective trial with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma were included. Imaging data consisted of chest, abdomen and pelvis CT scans. Additional imaging studies included brain CT scans at baseline and any additional images there were performed at follow up visits. The median number of total visits collected was seven. Duplicate independent evaluations using the RECIST criteria were performed by two trained onco-radiologists. The evaluations included the identification and measurement of target lesions and non- target lesions as well as new lesions. For each visit an overall response was assigned. At the conclusion of the evaluations a best response and the date of the best response were recorded. Criteria of agreement between the two radiologists were based on the best response, the date of best response and the date of progression. Results: There was perfect agreement in 145 (81.1%) of the patients. For 34 (18.9%) there was disagreement in the best response: n=14 (7.8%), in the date of best response: n=7 (3.9%) and the date of progression: n=28 (15.6%). Of the 34 patients, disagreement was on one criterion in 24 (13.4%), 2 criteria for 7 (3.9%) and all three criteria for 3 (1.6%). Conclusions: For objective response evaluations using the RECIST criteria, using the best response and time to progression as criteria for comparison of duplicate independent radiologist evaluations yields to a very good level of agreement. [Table: see text]
Mitotic Blockage at G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; After Partial Hepatectomy During 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene Hepatocarcinogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M R Banerjee
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Under the influence of chemical carcinogens, including 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) (Chemical Abstracts' nomenclature: N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylazoanaline), it has been shown by a number of workers that hepatic cells of rats cease to respond to the mitotic stimulus of partial hepatectomy. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to answer the question whether deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis occurs in spite of the blockage to mitosis under these conditions. By autoradiographic techniques after intraperitoneal injection of the specific DNA precursor, H3thymidine, the effect of the partial hepatectomy on DNA synthesis in the cells of the remaining lobes of the rat liver during DAB feeding was tested. The labeling of liver cell nuclei after partial hepatectomy of one batch of male rats was compared with that of nonhepatectomized male controls fed a diet containing DAB. The frequency of the labeled hepatocytes was determined from stripping film autoradiographs. Histological sections of the same tissue samples were studied for their mitotic index. While there was very little increase in the mitotic index of liver tissue after partial hepatectomy during azo dye hepatocarcinogenesis, there was a significant increase in the frequency of the labeled cells as compared with those in the nonhepatectomized controls. This indicates that the hepatocytes stimulated by partial hepatectomy did go into DNA synthesis but did not proceed further in the mitotic cycle where they were arrested, presumably at the G2 phase.
Dyadic coping among breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy
Authors: R. Pat-Horenczyk, D. Machyevsky, D. Brom, I. Schwartz, M. Inbar, A. Rice, I. Wexler, B. Corn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20589 Background: Cancer poses a major stressor for patients and their partners. Understanding dyad coping is useful for determining if one partner's involvement is beneficial or harmful to the other. We sought to evaluate whether dyadic coping enhances resilience in the context of other risk and protective factors for coping with serious illness. Methods: An IRB-approved questionnaire was offered to breast cancer patients and their spouses. Consent was obtained from 21 dyads who were queried prior to initiation of breast irradiation and within 2 weeks of completing treatment. The nature of dyadic coping (positive or negative), level of posttraumatic stress, functional impairment, depression, and markers of resiliency were assessed for each partner at the beginning and conclusion of therapy. Results: Depression was significantly higher in patients than in their spouses (df = 1, 13; F = 6.13; p = 0.028). Over the course of the radiotherapy, partner's depression improved while the patient's depression worsened (df=1,13; F=5.46; p=0.030). The patient's negative dyadic coping assessment before radiation therapy was positively associated with depression (β = 0.78; df = 31.3; t = 2.15; p = 0.04), as well as the partner's depression (β = 0.92; df = 31.3; t = 2.52; p = 0.017) and posttraumatic stress (β = 0.74; df = 31.7; t = 2.10; p = 0.04). Patient's pre-radiation negative dyadic coping was negatively associated with the partner's flexibility (β = -.21; df = 19; t = -2.28; p = 0.03) and self efficacy (β = 0.46; df = 21.8; t = 2.96; p = 0.007) at completion of therapy. Positive dyadic coping assessment was not associated with negative coping behaviors on the part of either the patient or partner. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study support interventions incorporating dyadic support to enhance the resilience of patients and partners. Intervention should promote flexibility and self-efficacy while providing tools for altering negative dyadic coping patterns. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Factors influencing tymic function in 55 patients with lymphomas: Candidates to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)
Authors: C. Simonelli, C. Pratesi, S. Zanussi, R. Talamini, M. Rupolo, L. Abbruzzese, V. Gattei, E. Vaccher, M. G. Michieli, P. De Paoli, U. Tirelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18512 Background: Signal joint T cell receptor excision circles (sjTRECs) have been reported to be a clinical marker to evaluate the tymic reservoir after immunosuppression treatments. Methods: We studied the sjTRECs levels in a mono-institutional series of a cohort of 26 HIV-positive and 29 HIV-negative pts with relapsed or refractory lymphomas, candidates to ASCT, considering important biological and clinical characteristics, virological parameters and immunological settings including age, type of lymphoma, number of first line CT cycles, time from the end of first line chemotherapy to the enrolment (TECT), HIV infection and T subpopulations. Results: The overall study subjects, showed lower sjTRECs levels than healthy donors (p&lt;0.01), but no differences in the sjTRECs content were seen between HIV-negative and HIV-positive pts (536 vs. 401 TRECs/10 6 PBMCs, respectively) as well as in the T cell naive count. We found a significant correlation between the sjTRECs decay and the increase of age (r=-0.32, p=0.02), CD4 and CD8 naive cell count and the sjTRECs level; on the contrary we did not observe any significant correlation between CT cycles number TECT, lymphoma type in both subgroups. HIV-positive viremic pts showed significant lower level of sjTRECs level than averimic pts. Conclusions: Our analyses suggest that de novo T cell generation is partially maintained in lymphoma pts’ candidates to ASCT and could contribute to restore the immune function after transplantation. Chemotherapeutic treatments seem to induce a similar influence on thymic output despite their intensity and, surprisingly, HIV infection is not a detrimental factor on thymic reservoir at the time of lymphoma relapse, and a good control of HIV replication seems to preserve thymic reservoir. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Spontaneous Regression of Syngeneic Transplanted Tumor in Rats Pretreated With the Antileukemia Drug Busulfan2
Authors: Fujiro Sendo, Takayoshi Miyake, Shigemi Fuyama, Shigeru Arai
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Lethal growth of a syngeneic transplanted tumor (KMT-17) was inhibited in WKA rats pretreated with the antileukemla drug busulfan. The effect of busulfan was short-lasting, and administration of the drug after tumor challenge had little effect on the lethal growth of the tumor. After spontaneous regression of the tumor in rats pretreated with busulfan, specific transplantation resistance to identical tumor was acquired. Busulfan did not exhibit its effect in rats irradiated before tumor challenge. As shown by the Winn test, spleen cells from rats immunized with inactivated tumor cells after busulfan treatment inhibited growth of admixed tumor cells more strongly than did spleen cells from rats immunized without busulfan treatment. Enhancement of immune response to tumor cells rather than tumoricidal activity by busulfan was suggested.
Proteomic analysis for NBK, Bcl-2, Bax genes and apoptosis (TUNEL) in breast cancer biopsies (stage II/III) by tissue microarray technology
Authors: N. García-Hernández, D. Arenas, F. Salamanca, A. Calderon-Garcidueñas, E. Ruiz-Garcia, J. Silva, H. Astudillo-de la Vega
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

22194 Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Mexican females. Various prognostic factors have been studied to determine proteins from genes implicated in cancer development by massive analysis techniques. Methods: A device (TMI) was designed that allows by means of the use of an insole, to elaborate high density (TMA). The device was designed with aptitude to contain diverse samples of tissue with a diameter of 1.5 mm. We analyzed 70 samples of ductal carcinoma type I, II and III and 49 samples of mammary not affected tissue from Mexican women. The protein expression in TMA was determined using an inmunohistochemical system (DAKO LSAB). Apoptotic index was evaluated with TUNEL technique. We design an instrument that allows to construct TMA with up to 128 cylinders. Results: TMA with tumors and not affected tissues was used to determine the apoptotic index and protein expression of previously analyzed genes by mRNA expression that was found with abnormal pattern in mammary neoplasic biopsies, such as: Bcl-2, NBK and Bax. The NBK gene was observed with 30% of over expression and 4.29% of under expression; the Bcl-2 gene with 32.86% of over expression and 28.57% of under expression; and the Bax gene with 38.57% of over expression and 32.86 of under expression. We observed that the protein expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax support a similar behavior to found in the mRNA expression in previous study regarding expression percentages. On the other hand, the Bik gene on having analyzed the mRNA expression had thought that more than 90% of the samples present over expression, but in to the level of protein expression only was in 44.29% of cases over expressed. The apoptotic process was found in low grade 4.28% moderate grade 90% and high grade in 5.71% of samples. Conclusions: We consider that samples, in which there are more alterations in the studied genes, were stages IIA (T2N0M0) and IIB (T2N1M0). The Bax gene showed protein over expression principally in samples type I and under expression in samples stage IIIA. The Bcl-2 gene was under expressed in the most of samples stage II. Even when Bik gene was detected over expressed in 44.29% of cases there was not a significant correlation with apoptosis (p=0.006). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Multidrug-resistant TB in children with HIV infection in Romania
Authors: Gheorge Murgoci, Rodica Murgoci, Constantin Marica, Mihaela Tanasescu, Gheorghe Nini, Henriette Stavri, Mariana Mardarescu, Monica Luminos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

A retrospective study on a group of 417 children with TB and HIV/AIDS; 165 among these have had (+) culture for TB; MDR-TB - diagnosed to 73 children – 32,12%.

Results: Mean age – 14,5 years; Sex – M: 50,94%; F: 49%; TST positive > 5 mm – 51,5%; negative – 49,5%; associated clinical symptoms: fever, weight loss, irritability – 100%; pain throat 75%, haemoptysia 50%.

Rx abnormalities: parenchymal infiltration – 36,4%; cavitary lesions – 37%, hilar opacities – 11,3%; miliary – 7,5% bronchopneumonic opacities – 7,5%.

Extrapulmonary TB – pleural effusion – 10,6,%; meningitis – 19,43%.

Decreased CD4 – value <200 cells/mm3 – 32%, <100 cells/mm3 – 58,49%, <50 cells/mm3 – 9,43%. The cultures (+) in the sputum – 42,5%; gastric aspiration – 28,3%; LCR - 9,4%.

BAAR presence: in sputum – 45,2%; LCR – 9,4%; gastric aspiration – 28,3%; pleural liquid – 3%, ganglionar aspiration – 13,1%. Chemo resistant forms: primary – 18,9%; secondary – 81,1%. Other resistances associated to H, R: SM – 29,5%; PZM – 24,3%; EMB – 18,9%; Km – 13,5%; CS – 8,1%; Q – 5,4%.

Used treatment protocol 18-24 months; 4-5 antiTB drugs. Antiretroviral treatment received – 157% children.

Side effects of treatment: hepatic cytolytic syndrome – 35,1%; jaundice – 18,9%; hadeache – 16,2%; personality disorders – 16,2%; thrombocytopenia – 13,5%.

Bacteriological situation of discharge last BK examination BK cultures negative – 71,4%; positive – 28,86%.

Conclusions: The MDR-TB prevalence is increased in the HIV/AIDS infected children; more frequent in the children with multiple hospitals admittance with previously antituberculous treatments, history of inappropriate regimes drugs,preventive therapies,treatment interruptions, treatment with two drugs.
Cancer Mortality Patterns Among U.S. Uranium Miners and Millers, 1950 through 1962&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Wagoner, Joseph K., Archer, Victor E., Carroll, Benjamin E., Holaday, Duncan A., Lawrence, Pope A.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Cancer mortality patterns of a group of U.S. uranium miners and millers were studied, and their age-race-cause-specific mortality experience was compared with that of the general male population of the Colorado Plateau area. Among white uranium millers, total and cause-specific mortality did not differ significantly from that expected. Among white uranium miners, 218 deaths were observed as compared with 148.7 expected (P<0.01). Categories in which death significantly exceeded that expected were: 1) respiratory neoplasms among uranium miners with 5 or more years underground experience (11 observed as compared with 1.1 expected); 2) "all other causes," in the same group of miners—a reflection of pulmonary fibrosis and its complications; and 3) accidents, particularly in mines, regardless of type of employment or duration of underground mining experience. A possible explanation was sought for the tenfold increase in respiratory cancer among long-term underground uranium miners. This excess was not attributable to age, smoking, nativity, heredity, urbanization, self-selection, diagnostic accuracy, and prior hard-rock mining or other ore constituents including silica dust. The evidence presently available implicates airborne radiation in the genesis of this increase in respiratory cancer among U.S. uranium miners.
Serum cortisol predicts death and critical disease independently of CRB-65 score in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Martin Kolditz, Mathias Pletz, Gert Höffken
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rationale:  The aim was to evaluate serum cortisol as biomarker for the prediction of adverse outcomes independently of the CRB-65 score und inflammatory biomarkers in a large cohort of hospitalised CAP-patients.   Methods:  984 hospitalised CAP-patients from the CAPNETZ study cohort were included. Serum cortisol was measured and its prognostic accuracy compared to the CRB-65 score, leukocyte count and C-reactive protein. Predefined endpoints were 30-day mortality and development of critical pneumonia.   Results:  64 patients died (6.5%) and 85 developed critical pneumonia (8.6%). Cortisol levels were significantly elevated in both adverse outcomes (p   Conclusion:  Cortisol predicts mortality and critical disease in hospitalised CAP-patients independently of clinical factors and inflammatory biomarkers. It represents a promising biomarker to complete the available panel of inflammatory, cardiovascular and other biomarkers for risk prediction and should be incorporated into trials assessing optimal combinations of clinical criteria and biomarkers to improve high risk prediction in CAP.
Abstract 18761: Improved Quality of Life and Functional Capacity for Patients Receiving the HVAD(R) Pump
Authors: Emma J Birks, Mark S Slaughter, Steven W Boyce, Edwin C McGee, William G Cotts, Samer S Najjar, Francis D Pagani, David Hathaway, Mary V Jacoski, Kevin B Najarian, Keith D Aaronson
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Patients with advanced heart failure experience significant impairment in quality of life (QoL) and functional capacity. Improved survival and longer waits for transplant following LVAD...
Alteration of tumor metabolism after radiotherapy
Authors: M. Cengiz, H. Boyunaga, F. Yildiz, A. U. Ural, I. L. Atahan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9668 Background: Cancer cells utilize anaerobic glycolytic way to compensate their faster metabolism when compared to normal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of radiation on tumor metabolism. Methods: MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were divided into 3 groups, including 2 control groups and aerobic study group (were irradiated 600 cGy by Co-60 teletherapy unit), incubated with radiolabelled glucose for 4 hours. One control group was for aerobic, and the other was for anaerobic group after KCN addition. Radiolabelled CO2 produced by the cells was isolated and collected in specially designed sintillation vials. In supernatant the measurements of other end-products of carbohydrate catabolism including lactate, pyruvate, acetate were performed on a liquid scintillation analyzer after they were collected via anion-exchange chromatography. Finally glucose in supernatant was measured enzymatically by glucose oxidase method. Additionally, in pellets protein was determined by modified Lowry method and glycogen by Hassid and Abraham's enzymatic method (glycogen consumption per 1000 cells for each hour). Results: Radiation significantly reduced the number of cells (12.3x106), KCN group and control groups included 46.3 x106and 41.3 x106respectively. Glycogen consumption and lactate production were significantly higher in anaerobic and radiation groups. Whereas CO2 production was significantly higher in control group (Table I). Taken all results together radiation lead tumor cells more anaerobic glycolysis with high glycogen consumption, high lactate production and low CO2 production. Conclusions: Radiation itself has led tumor cells to produce energy by anaerobic glycolysis, meaning radiation exposed cells become more hypoxic. In our knowledge, this is the first experiment showing anaerobic effect of radiation on tumor cell lines. The researchers should be aware of this effect of sublethal dose of radiation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Evaluation of maintenance mono-immunotherapy to improve outcomes in advanced ovarian cancer (OV CA)
Authors: J. Berek, P. T. Taylor, W. P. McGuire, L. M. Smith, B. Shultes, C. F. Nicodemus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5507 Background: Translating cancer specific immune stimulation into clinical benefit is a challenge. This ph III study tested the hypothesis that oregovomab (o) mono-immunotherapy IT following front-line therapy in a selected patient population pt would prolong time-to-relapse TTR and ultimately survival. The population was identified in an exploratory analysis of an earlier ph IIb study. O binds circulating CA125 stimulating a cellular immune response targeting CA125 and tumor. Method: Stage III/IV OV CA pts with <2 cm residual disease, CA125 <65 U/nl prior to cycle 3 and NED with CA125 5–35 at end of primary therapy were randomized to o or placebo (pbo) in a double blind protocol. 2 mg of o or pbo was infused at wks 0, 4, and 8 and then q12 wks until recurrence or year 5. Pts received serial imaging and/or clinical evaluation for recurrence q12 wks. TTR was primary endpoint. The protocol was divided into two identical studies 17A &17B each with 80% power at α=0.05 to detect a 6 m difference in TTR with N=177 randomized 2:1 to permit internal independent confirmation of results. Result: 371 pts were accrued at >60 centers, 251 to o and 120 to pbo. The arms were well balanced except for distant metastasis at staging which were observed in 17% of o but only 8% of pbo pt at staging CT. There were no differences in the clinical outcomes between treatment groups. TTR measured from randomization 4–12 weeks post completion of carboplatin- paclitaxel based chemotherapy was 10.3 m [9.7,13.0] for o and 12.9 m [10.1, 17.4] for pbo p=0.29 log rank test. Results were consistent in 17A&B. The treatment was well tolerated. The incidence of serious adverse events was 19% for pbo and 14% for o, mostly related to disease progression. Grade 3/4 toxicity was reported in 25% of pbo and 20% of o pts respectively. There were no differences in quality of life scores. Conclusion: Although o has demonstrated bioactivity, the strategy of monoIT is not effective as maintenance therapy following front-line treatment of advanced OV CA. The treatment was not associated with additive toxicity. Recent data demonstrating that schedule-sensitive concomitant chemoIT results in more vigorous immune stimulation than monoIT suggests that future studies of this or other tumor antigen specific immunization strategies focus on primary concurrent chemoIT. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Unither, Inc.