tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of external immunoscintigraphy with the IMMU-4 technetium-99m Fab' antibody fragment in patients undergoing surgery for carcinoma of the colon and rectum: results of a pivotal, phase III trial. The Immunomedics Study Group.
Authors: F L Moffat, C M Pinsky, L Hammershaimb, N J Petrelli, Y Z Patt, F S Whaley, D M Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

To assess the performance and the potential clinical impact of a new antibody imaging agent, CEA-Scan (Immunomedics Inc, Morris Plains, NJ), in 210 presurgical patients with advanced recurrent or metastatic colorectal carcinomas.CEA-Scan, an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) Fab antibody fragment labeled with technetium-99m-pertechnetate (99mTc), was injected intravenously (IV), and external scintigraphy was performed 2 to 5 and 18 to 24 hours later. Imaging with conventional diagnostic modalities (CDM) was also performed, and findings were confirmed by surgery and histology.The sensitivity of CEA-Scan was superior to that of CDM in the extrahepatic abdomen (55% v 32%; P = .007) and pelvis (69% v 48%; P = .005), and CEA-Scan findings complemented those of CDM in the liver. Among 122 patients with known disease, the positive predictive value was significantly higher when both modalities were positive (98%) compared with each alone (68% to 70%), potentially obviating the need for histologic confirmation when both tests are positive. Imaging accuracy also was significantly improved by adding CEA-Scan to CDM. In 88 patients with occult cancer, imaging accuracy was enhanced significantly by CEA-Scan combined with CDM (61% v 33%). Potential clinical benefit from CEA-Scan was demonstrated in 89 of 210 patients. Only two patients developed human antimouse antibodies (HAMA) to CEA-Scan after a single injection, and none of 19 assessable patients after two injections.CEA-Scan affords high-quality, same-day imaging, uses an inexpensive and readily available radio-nuclide, adds clinically significant information in assessing extent and location of disease in colorectal cancer patients, and only rarely induces a HAMA response.
Bibliotherapy on Coping with Illness Improves Health Literacy but Not Heart-Related Anxiety of Patients in Cardiological Rehabilitation
Authors: Beate Muschalla, Johannes Glatz, Michael Linden
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2013)

Information of patients about their illness is necessary for patient empowerment and coping with illness. This can be done by written material, i.e. bibliotherapy [1-6]. Scientific data suggest that bibliotherapy can help patients to better understand their illness, improve their health behaviour, and reduce anxiety [2, 3, 7]. The objective of the present study is to investigate in a randomized controlled trial the effects of bibliotherapy on illness-related knowledge, i.e. health literacy, and on heart-related anxiety in cardiology patients.
Racial Differences in the Evaluation of Pediatric Fractures for Physical Abuse
Authors: Wendy G Lane, David M Rubin, Ragin Monteith, Cindy W Christian
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextChild maltreatment is a significant problem within US society, and minority children have higher rates of substantiated maltreatment than do white children. However, it is unclear whether minority children are abused more frequently than whites or whether their cases are more likely to be reported.ObjectivesTo determine whether there are racial differences in the evaluation and Child Protective Services (CPS) reporting of young children hospitalized for fractures.Design, Setting, and PatientsRetrospective chart review conducted at an urban US academic children's hospital among 388 children younger than 3 years hospitalized for treatment of an acute primary skull or long-bone fracture between 1994 and 2000. Children with perpetrator-admitted child abuse, metabolic bone disease, birth trauma, or injury caused by vehicular crash were excluded.Main Outcome MeasuresOrdering of skeletal surveys and filing reports of suspected abuse.ResultsReports of suspected abuse were filed for 22.5% of white and 52.9% of minority children (P&lt;.001). Abusive injuries, as determined by expert review, were more common among minority children than among white children (27.6% vs 12.5%; P&lt;.001). Minority children aged at least 12 months to 3 years (toddlers) were significantly more likely to have a skeletal survey performed compared with their white counterparts, even after controlling for insurance status, independent expert determination of likelihood of abuse, and appropriateness of performing a skeletal survey (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 8.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.48-22.03; P&lt;.001). This group of children was also more likely to be reported to CPS compared with white toddlers, even after controlling for insurance status and likelihood of abuse (adjusted OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 1.63-11.43; P = .003). By likelihood of abuse, differential ordering of skeletal surveys and reporting of suspected abuse were most pronounced for children at least 12 months old with accidental injuries; however, differences were also noted among toddlers with indeterminate injuries but not among infants or toddlers with abusive injuries. Minority children at least 12 months old with accidental injuries were more than 3 times more likely than their white counterparts to be reported for suspected abuse (for children with Medicaid or no insurance, relative risk [RR], 3.08; 95% CI, 1.37-4.80; for children with private insurance, RR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.46-6.01).ConclusionWhile minority children had higher rates of abusive fractures in our sample, they were also more likely to be evaluated and reported for suspected abuse, even after controlling for the likelihood of abusive injury. This suggests that racial differences do exist in the evaluation and reporting of pediatric fractures for child abuse, particularly in toddlers with accidental injuries.
Selective inhibition of neutrophil elastase by BAY 85-8501 improves exercise capacity and pulmonary hypertension in a porcine pancreatic elastase-induced emphysema model
Authors: Martina Delbeck, Sina Micus, Volkhart Li, Franz Von Nussbaum, Daniel Meibom, Klemens Lustig, Hubert Truebel, Stefan Schaefer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Neutrophil elastase is a serine proteinase, that has the ability to degrade a wide range of matrix proteins, especially elastin, and plays an important role for the modulation of the inflammatory response. Uninhibited neutrophil elastase activity has been implicated in the development of emphysema and pulmonary vascular remodeling.  We therefore investigated the novel selective neutrophil elastase inhibitor BAY 85-8501 in a porcine pancreatic elastase (pPE)-induced emphysema model in mice. After a single orotracheal administration of pPE (0.3 U), male C57Bl6J mice displayed a reduced exercise capacity (running distance, top speed) during the following three weeks. At day 21 hemodynamic and morphological investigations showed an elevated right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Treatment with BAY 85-8501 significantly reduced right ventricular pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. This was associated with a significant larger running distance and higher top speed in comparison to the placebo group.  Conclusion: The orotracheal application of porcine pancreatic elastase in mice induces tissue damage and inflammation, leading to pulmonary hypertension associated with emphysema. Selective inhibition of neutrophil elastase by BAY 85-8501 significantly increases exercise capacity and substantially improves hemodynamic and morphological parameters.
Global burden of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: R. J. Halbert, J. L. Natoli, A. Gano, E. Badamgarav, A. S. Buist, D. M. Mannino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The aim of this study was to quantify the global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by means of a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis. PubMed was searched for population-based prevalence estimates published during the period 1990–2004. Articles were included if they: 1) provided total population or sex-specific estimates for COPD, chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema; and 2) gave method details sufficiently clearly to establish the sampling strategy, approach to diagnosis and diagnostic criteria. Of 67 accepted articles, 62 unique entries yielded 101 overall prevalence estimates from 28 different counties. The pooled prevalence of COPD was 7.6% from 37 studies, of chronic bronchitis alone (38 studies) was 6.4% and of emphysema alone (eight studies) was 1.8%. The pooled prevalence from 26 spirometric estimates was 8.9%. The most common spirometric definitions used were those of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (13 estimates). There was significant heterogeneity, which was incompletely explained by subgroup analysis ( e.g. age and smoking status). The prevalence of physiologically defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults aged ≥40 yrs is ∼9–10%. There are important regional gaps, and methodological differences hinder interpretation of the available data. The efforts of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and similar groups should help to standardise chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence measurement.
Pemphigoid gestationis with predominant involvement of oral mucous membranes and IgA autoantibodies targeting the C-terminus of BP180
Authors: Iakov Shimanovich, Christian Skrobek, Christian Rose, Zhuxiang Nie, Takashi Hashimoto, Eva-Bettina Bröcker, Detlef Zillikens
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2002)
Systematic reviews of diagnostic tests in cancer: review of methods and reporting
Authors: S. Mallett
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To assess the methods and reporting of systematic reviews of diagnostic tests. <b>Data sources</b> Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, and five other databases identified reviews of tests used in patients with cancer. Of these, 89 satisfied our inclusion criteria of reporting accuracy of the test compared with a reference test, including an electronic search, and published since 1990. <b>Review methods</b> All reviews were assessed for methods and reporting of objectives, search strategy, participants, clinical setting, index and reference tests, study design, study results, graphs, meta-analysis, quality, bias, and procedures in the review. We assessed 25 randomly selected reviews in more detail. <b>Results</b> 75% (67) of the reviews stated inclusion criteria, 49% (44) tabulated characteristics of included studies, 40% (36) reported details of study design, 17% (15) reported on the clinical setting, 17% (15) reported on the severity of disease in participants, and 49% (44) reported on whether the tumours were primary, metastatic, or recurrent. Of the 25 reviews assessed in detail, 68% (17) stated the reference standard used in the review, 36% (9) reported the definition of a positive result for the index test, and 56% (14) reported sensitivity, specificity, and sample sizes for individual studies. Of the 89 reviews, 61% (54) attempted to formally synthesise results of the studies and 32% (29) reported formal assessments of study quality. <b>Conclusions</b> Reliability and relevance of current systematic reviews of diagnostic tests is compromised by poor reporting and review methods.
Adverse Events Associated with Testosterone Administration
Authors: Shehzad Basaria, Andrea D. Coviello, Thomas G. Travison, Thomas W. Storer, Wildon R. Farwell, Alan M. Jette, Richard Eder, Sharon Tennstedt, Jagadish Ulloor, Anqi Zhang, Karen Choong, Kishore M. Lakshman, Norman A. Mazer, Renee Miciek, Joanne Krasnoff, Ayan Elmi, Philip E. Knapp, Brad Brooks, Erica Appleman, Sheetal Aggarwal, Geeta Bhasin, Leif Hede-Brierley, Ashmeet Bhatia, Lauren Collins, Nathan LeBrasseur, Louis D. Fiore, Shalender Bhasin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Testosterone supplementation has been shown to increase muscle mass and strength in healthy older men. The safety and efficacy of testosterone treatment in older men who have limitations in mobility have not been studied.
Nutrition and ergogenic AIDS symposium: nutritional and legal substances for increasing FFM and athletic performance
Authors: Robert Girandola
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Athletes are always trying to get an edge on competitors, whether it is a training technique, drug or nutritional substance. World Anti-Doping Agency and other drug testing agencies ban many drugs and ergogenic aids, whether these substances have efficacy or not. However, athletes often overlook some of the more benign substances because they appear to have no effect. This presentation will look at regular milk and chocolate milk as nutritional ergogenics that have proven to maximise the anabolic effect of resistance exercise (regular milk) and also to shorten recovery time following high intensity exercise (chocolate milk). In addition, two legal ergogenics, creatine and β-hydroxy-methylbutyrate will be discussed as potential anabolic agents that may also prove efficacious.
The Ordinary Miracle of Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: David P. Steensma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Isn't it remarkable that so many clinical trials come to fruition?When one considers all the events, or lack of events, that can induce a newly conceived treatment study to abort during its multiyear preactivation gestation, and all the obstacles that a toddling activated study can stumble over and be unable to get up again-not to mention the endless, mindless bureaucratic tedium that every study team must endure to avoid being labeled as deviant protocol guardians by external auditors-it is a genuine marvel that so many bright ideas reach maturity, making their way into the world of journals and conferences and influencing clinical practice.Each successfully activated and fully accrued cancer clinical trial is not just a biomedical research ordinary miracle (with apologies to singer Sarah McLachlan), it is also a testament to the desperate needs of patients, the dedicated stubbornness of resourceful oncologists, and the enormous financial rewards possible for corporations who bring blockbusters like rituximab or trastuzumab to market-as well as the ability of like-minded human beings to cooperate and accomplish great things, even within a cumbersome and confusing system.Although the brutal development gauntlet that clinical trials undergo could be considered a necessary selection process akin to "nature red in tooth and claw," ensuring survival of only the fittest studies, it may be just as likely that protocols that successfully endure this merciless winnowing are among those attracting the least attention from predators-the least objectionable, least controversial, and least innovative study designs, destined to yield the least exciting results.The tortuous, twisting trail between an investigator's therapeutic brainstorm and the nervous excitement of a podium presentation at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology is arduous enough for straightforward, single-institution studies that involve only one study sponsor. 1 When the proposed study is instead large and complex-and especially when it can only realistically be conducted through one or several of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) -funded cooperative groups-the glorious, long-awaited day of trial activation can begin to seem like a meeting of Procrastinators Anonymous: perpetually postponed.For the last several years, David Dilts (who holds a PhD in management science) and Alan Sandler (an oncologist), codirectors of Vanderbilt University's Center for Management Research in Healthcare (Nashville, TN), have been working to develop a more detailed understanding of the processes currently required to conduct a clinical trial for patients with cancer.Dilts et al 1 first looked at the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center and its affiliates to understand singleinstitution activation processes more clearly, and then began their study of NCI-funded cooperative groups by assessing the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB). 2 Disturbingly, but not surprisingly,
Remote Noninfarcted Region Dysfunction Soon After First Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Christopher M. Kramer, Walter J. Rogers, Therese M. Theobald, Thomas P. Power, Susan Petruolo, Nathaniel Reichek
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Previous studies have demonstrated hyperkinetic endocardial motion of noninfarcted myocardium early after myocardial infarction (MI). We wished to substantiate the findings of increased function of remote noninfarcted regions using magnetic resonance (MR) myocardial tagging in patients soon after anterior MI.Twenty-eight patients (25 male; mean age, 52 years) were studied on day 5 +/- 2 after first anterior MI. All had single-vessel left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) disease and had received reperfusion therapy but had evidence of regional left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and an ejection fraction (EF) < or = 50%. Breath-hold, segmented k-space, gradient-echo MR tagging was performed with short-axis imaging spanning the LV. Percent circumferential shortening (%S) on a topographic basis, LV mass, and EF were measured. Regional %S was compared with that in 10 normal subjects (7 male; mean age, 43 years). We found reduced intramyocardial %S throughout the LV in the patient group. Percent shortening was lower in patients compared with control subjects at all sites along the long axis of the ventricle (9 +/- 5% versus 23 +/- 3% at the apex, P < .0001; 11 +/- 5% versus 21 +/- 3% at the midventricle, P < .0001; 14 +/- 3% versus 17 +/- 5% at the base, P < .02). The basal lateral and midinferior regions, remote from LAD territory, demonstrated reduced %S and a strong trend toward reduced %S, respectively.Patients on day 5 after first anterior MI with single-vessel disease demonstrate reduced intramyocardial circumferential shortening throughout the LV, including remote noninfarcted regions. Potential mechanisms include altered coronary vasodilatory properties, changes in regional mechanical load, or mechanical tethering to infarcted regions.
Effects of cholinergic nerves on cerebral blood flow in cats.
Authors: D W Busija, D D Heistad
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We studied the effects of parasympathetic nerves on cerebral blood flow (CBF). The greater superficial petrosal nerve, which apparently supplies cholinergic fibers to cerebral vessels and the lacrimal gland, was sectioned on one side at the internal auditory meatus in anesthetized cats. CBF was measured with 15-microns microspheres. Section of the petrosal nerve did not alter resting CBF. In addition, electrical stimulation of the distal cut end of the petrosal nerve had no effect on total CBF. In one area of the brain, the caudate nucleus, stimulation increased blood flow from 29 +/- 2 to 36 +/- 2 (mean +/- SE) ml/min per 100 g. Lacrimal gland blood flow increased from 42 +/- 7 to 198 +/- 32 ml/min per 100 g during petrosal stimulation, which indicates that the stimulus was potent. In the same experiments, CBF increased 3- to 4-fold during hypercapnia; thus, cerebral vessels were responsive to another dilator stimulus. In other experiments, petrosal nerve section did not alter the response of cerebral vessels to hypercapnia (PCO2 &gt; 50 mm Hg) or hypoxia (PO2 &lt; 34 mm Hg). We conclude: (1) there is little or no resting vasodilator tone provided to cerebral vessels by the petrosal nerve; (2) petrosal nerve stimulation has a major effect on blood flow to the lacrimal gland but does not increase CBF; and (3) petrosal nerve section has little effect on the response of cerebral vessels to hypercapnia or hypoxia.
Selective Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-14 Blocks Tumor Growth, Invasion, and Angiogenesis
Authors: Laetitia Devy, Lili Huang, Laurent Naa, Niranjan Yanamandra, Henk Pieters, Nicolas Frans, Edward Chang, Qingfeng Tao, Marc Vanhove, Annabelle Lejeune, Reinoud van Gool, Daniel J. Sexton, Guannan Kuang, Douglas Rank, Shannon Hogan, Csaba Pazmany, Yu Lu Ma, Sonia Schoonbroodt, Andrew E. Nixon, Robert C. Ladner, Rene Hoet, Paula Henderikx, Chris TenHoor, Shafaat A. Rabbani, Maria Luisa Valentino, Clive R. Wood, Daniel T. Dransfield
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Inhibition of specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) is an attractive noncytotoxic approach to cancer therapy. MMP-14, a membrane-bound zinc endopeptidase, has been proposed to play a central role in tumor growth, invasion, and neovascularization. Besides cleaving matrix proteins, MMP-14 activates proMMP-2 leading to an amplification of pericellular proteolytic activity. To examine the contribution of MMP-14 to tumor growth and angiogenesis, we used DX-2400, a highly selective fully human MMP-14 inhibitory antibody discovered using phage display technology. DX-2400 blocked proMMP-2 processing on tumor and endothelial cells, inhibited angiogenesis, and slowed tumor progression and formation of metastatic lesions. The combination of potency, selectivity, and robust in vivo activity shows the potential of a selective MMP-14 inhibitor for the treatment of solid tumors.
SYK and STAT3 Are Active in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Activity of Cerdulatinib, a Dual SYK/JAK Inhibitor
Authors: Y. Lynn Wang, Jiao Ma, Wei Xing, Pin Lu, Karen Dresser, Ailin Guo, Anjali Pandey, Pamela B. Conley, Hongbo Yu, Greg Coffey
Journal: Blood (2014)
Smoking Control at the Workplace
Authors: Jonathan E. Fielding
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1991)

Until recently, employers supported restrictions or bans on smoking primarily to prevent fires, protect equipment, or avoid product contamination (81). In a few instances, restrictions or bans were imposed because of demonstrated synergy between smoking and a worksite exposure to a product that increased risk of lung cancer, such as asbestos. That rationale was used by Johns­ Manville Company when, in 1977, smoking was banned and smokers were no longer hired (22, 26). Based on comparable patterns of demonstrated synergy, a similar rationale could also apply to workers exposed to ionizing radiation and some occupational chemicals (68). In 1979, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health described the interaction of cigarette smoke with numerous occupational exposures and summarized six mechanisms by which these interactions occur (9). In recent years, protection of employee health through reduction of expo-
Changes in epidermal proliferation and differentiation in allergie and irritant contact dermatitis reactions
Authors: T.K.M. LE, P.G.M. VALK, J. SCHALKWIJK, P.C.M. KERKHOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Changes in epidermal proliferation and differentiation in allergie and irritant contact dermatitis reactions Get access T.K.M. LE, T.K.M. LE Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.G.M. VAN DER VALK, P.G.M. VAN DER VALK Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. SCHALKWIJK, J. SCHALKWIJK Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.C.M. VAN DE KERKHOF P.C.M. VAN DE KERKHOF Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 2, 1 August 1995, Pages 236–240, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02621.x Published: 01 August 1995 Article history Accepted: 17 October 1994 Published: 01 August 1995