tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and influence of neoadjuvant epirubicin/vinorelbine chemotherapy (EN) on molecular markers in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and preliminary results of a randomized study testing as adjuvant chemotherapy the same EN-combination versus docetaxel (TXT)
Authors: M. Brandi, A. Cataldi, G. Di Corato, R. Altieri, M. Digennaro, S. Longo, G. Ranieri, F. Schittulli, None Petroni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

886 Background: IBC is the most aggressive form of breast cancer. The introduction of chemotherapy(CT) in multimodality approach of IBC resulted in improved survival, with about 30% pts alive and progression free at 10 yrs (Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 40:321,1997). The aims of the study were: a) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of primary EN-CT, b) to determine the predictive value and changes of molecular markers (ER, PR, Ki67 and HER2 status), and c) to evaluate a better CT schedule and sequence (primary and adjuvant). Patients and Methods: From 2002 to 2004, 37 pts with IBC entered the study. Tumour specimens were obtained before CT by biopsy and surgery after, to evaluate the bio-markers. Median age 53 yrs. The characteristics of the 32 evaluable pts are: premenopausal 40%, histological G3 80%, ER negative 43%, Ki67 ≥25% 83% and HER2+ 64%. The treatment consisted of the following sequence: EN (E 120 mg/m2 d 1 plus N 25 mg/m2 d 1 & 8) x 4 cycles ⋄ Surgery or RT ⋄ randomization therapy between EN x 4 cycles or TXT (100 mg/m2) x 4 cycles, both regimens were recycled every 3 wks. After adjuvant therapy all patients received RT and endocrine-therapy in ER/PgR+ tumors. Results: The clinical responses to induction CT in eval. pts, were: 4 cCR, 23 cPR 1 SD and 4 PD. After induction CT, 27/32 pts underwent to loco-regional therapy (26 radical mastectomy and 1 loco-regional RT). Pathologic responses were: 3 pCR and 23 pPR. After the loco-regional therapy the pts were randomly assigned between EN x 4 cycles and TXT x 4 cycles. At present 26 pts completed the entire treatment plan: 13 pts in each arm. At median 14 mos of follow-up, we observed 2 relapses and 1 death in TXT arm, and 2 relapse and 1 death in EN arm. Both sequential-CTs were manageable, feasible and well tolerated. Disease free survival and overall survival are too early to analyze. Conclusions: The preliminary data suggest that the sequential use of two non-cross resistance CT schedules are well tolerated, active and feasible. A longer follow-up is needed to establish the exact role of these drugs in the therapy of IBC. The study is ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
'Computer modeling of diabetes and its complications: A report on the Fourth Mount Hood Challenge Meeting'
Authors: A J Palmer, S Roze, W J Valentine, P McEwan, M Gillett, M Holmes, P Clarke, R Stevens, A M Gray, R Coleman, S Sorensen, E Müller, S Walzer, D M Eddy, R Kahn, A Bagust, J Brown
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Computer simulation models are mathematical equations combined in a structured framework to represent some  or hypothetical system. One of their uses is to allow the projection of short-term data from clinical trials to evaluate clinical outcomes and costs over a long-term period. This technology is becoming increasingly important to assist decision making in modern medicine in situations where there is a paucity of long-term clinical trial data, as recently acknowledged in the American Diabetes Association Consensus Panel Guidelines for Computer Modeling of Diabetes and its Complications. The Mount Hood Challenge Meetings provide a forum for computer modelers of diabetes to discuss and compare models and identify key areas of future development to advance the field. The Fourth Mount Hood Challenge in 2004 was the first meeting of its kind to ask modelers to perform simulations of outcomes for patients in published clinical trials, allowing comparison against real life data. Eight modeling groups participated in the challenge. Each group was given three of the following challenges: to simulate a trial of type 2 diabetes (CARDS [Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study]); to simulate a trial of type 1 diabetes (DCCT [Diabetes Control and Complications Trial]); and to calculate outcomes for a hypothetical, precisely specified patient (cross-model validation). The results of the models varied from each other and for methodological reasons, in some cases, from the published trial data in important ways. This approach of performing systematic comparisons and validation exercises has enabled the identification of key differences among the models, as well as their possible causes and directions for improvement in the future. © 2007 by the American Diabetes Association.
Abstract 12891: Stenting for the Lesion with Multiple Off-Label Parameters Increased Mace, but Did Not for Single Characteristics Following Des Implantation: 5-Year Follow-Up of 2050 Patients
Authors: Jun-Ichi Kotani, Yuji Ikari, Eisyo Kyo, Masato Nakamura, Hiroyoshi Yokoi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of multiple off-label variables to major adverse cardiac events after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Method and Results: We used...
Diagnostic value of biparametric MRI as an adjunct to PSA-based detection of prostate cancer.
Authors: Soroush Rais-Bahrami, Minhaj Siddiqui, Srinivas Vourganti, Baris Turkbey, Ardeshir Rastinehad, Lambros Stamatakis, Hong Truong, Annerleim Walton-Diaz, Anthony N. Hoang, Jeffrey Nix, Maria Merino, Bradford J. Wood, Richard Simon, Peter L. Choyke, Peter A. Pinto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

193 Background: To determine the diagnostic yield of analyzing a fast, cost-conscious biparametric (T2 and diffusion-weighted) MRI (B-MRI) for prostate cancer (PCa) detection as an adjunct to to standard digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA)-based screening. Methods: Review of patients who were enrolled in a trial to undergo MP-MRI and MR/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy at our institution identified 143 men who underwent MP-MRI in addition to standard DRE and PSA-based PCa screening prior to any other prior prostate biopsy sessions. Patient demographics, DRE staging, PSA, PSA density (PSAD), and B-MRI findings were assessed for association with PCa detection on biopsy. Results: Men with detected PCa tended to be older, with higher PSA, higher PSAD, and increased number of screen positive lesions (#SPL) on B-MRI. B-MRI performed well for the detection of PCa with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 (compared to 0.66 and 0.74 for PSA and PSAD). We derived PSA and MRI-based combined screening formulas for detection of PCa with optimized thresholds. (1) for PSA and B-MRI: PSA + 6 x (#SPL) &gt; 14 and (2) for PSAD and B-MRI: 14 x (PSAD) + (#SPL) &gt; 4.25. Area under the curve for equations 1 and 2 were 0.83 and 0.87 and overall accuracy of PCa detection was 79% in both models. Furthermore, the model integrating PSA with #SPL on B-MRI, was much more efficient at maximally identifying men with Gleason 7 or higher disease compared to PSA-screening alone. Use of model combining PSAD and MRI, the number of bGS 7 or higher cancers that were missed was minimized. Overall, combined use of PSA or PSAD coupled with B-MRI #SPL improved the true positive yield of identifying men with bGS 7 or higher while minimizing the false positive number of men identified as “screen-positive,” but with no cancer on biopsy. Conclusions: Number of positive lesions on B-MRI outperforms PSA alone in detecting PCa, supporting the use of this limited, non-contrast MRI as a potential adjunct tool in PCa screening. Furthermore, this imaging criteria coupled as an adjunct with PSA and PSAD, provides even more accuracy in detecting clinically-significant PCa.
Estrogen receptor in malignant melanoma.
Authors: M J Walker, C W Beattie, M K Patel, S M Ronan, T K Das Gupta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

The significance of an estrogen binding protein (ER) in malignant melanoma remains controversial. We have prospectively assayed for ER on 141 patients with malignant melanoma and correlated the presence of the ER with known prognostic variables. The overall incidence of ER was 43%. The incidence of ER in males was 38.7% and 50% in females (not significant). There is an increased incidence of ER+ melanoma in women with extremity lesions (P = .08). The disease-free interval (DFI), survival, and recurrent interval were 42.0 +/- 4.0, 52.3 +/- 4.3, 13.7 +/- 1.7 months in ER- patients; 63.7 +/- 11.6, 76.1 +/- 11.4, 26.5 +/- 7.3 months in ER+ patients (1 to 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein), and 69.8 +/- 17.9, 102.7 +/- 27.9, 29.4 +/- 9.9 months in ER+ patients (greater than 10 fmol/mg cytosol); respectively. When ER+ groups were combined, the DFI in women with ER+ lesions was significantly longer than those with ER- tumors (P less than .05). Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that ER status is a significant variable of survival along with thickness level and nodal status. These observations suggest that ER may be a marker for a more biologically indolent melanoma.
Carcinogenic Effects of Di-&lt;italic&gt;n&lt;/italic&gt;-propylnitrosamine, β-Hydroxypropyl-&lt;italic&gt;n&lt;/italic&gt;-propylnitrosamine, and Methyl-&lt;italic&gt;n&lt;/italic&gt;-propylnitrosamine on Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: G Reznik, U Mohr, F W Krüger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

The carcinogenic effects of di-n-propylnitrosamine and its two related compounds, beta-hydroxypropyl-n-propylnitrosamine (HPPN) and methyl-n-propylnitrosamine (MPN), were tested in rats and compared. All three substances induced neoplasms in the nasal and paranasal cavities, esophagus, and liver. MPN treatment caused the highest tumor incidence in the esophagus, whereas HPPN induced the most hepatic tumors.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Authors: Robert F. Johnston
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Lokich and Goodman contains a number of statements that are either controversial or unclear. Early in the article, venography, venous pressure measurements, and, indeed, efforts to obtain a specific diagnosis by tissue biopsy are labeled as dangerous. The authors indicate that the various diagnostic procedures may lead to life-threatening complications such as respiratory obstruction, aspiration, and hemorrhage. Although it is understandable that there is an increased incidence of hemorrhage in SVCS, they cite no evidence that respiratory obstruction or aspiration is more likely to occur in this condition than in any type of lung or mediastinal tumor. In fact, why respiratory obstruction should occur is not explained. The condemnation of venography is given without citing a single reference. Howard<sup>1(p42)</sup>indicates that venography is well tolerated in SVCS. The article also tends to discourage attempts to obtain cytological or histological proof of tumor, by
Hormonal Status of Cervical Cancer2
Authors: Mitsuo Kodama, Toshiko Kodama, Ryozo Totani
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

The urinary steroid profiles of patients with cervical cancer were investigated by gas-liquid chromatography. Of the identified 14 neutral steroids, all but one (tetrahydrocortisol) exhibited reduced excretions for premenopausal patients, as compared with the corresponding controls. The extent of steroid deficiencies was not paralleled with the progress of neoplasia, but was comparable to those of the postmenopausal controls. The excretions of androsterone and 11-ketoandrosterone in postmenopausal patients were significantly lower than those of the corresponding controls. Evidence indicated that the ovulation in a premenopausal patient proceeds quite normally despite reduced excretions of all menstruation-dependent steroids (11-hydroxyandrosterone, 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone, pregnanediol, and pregnanetriol). In regard to the number of live births, our patients with cervical cancer were statistically indistinguishable from the healthy control group. More women in the group with cervical cancer, who ranged in age from 20 to 50 years, had delayed menstrual cycles than the corresponding group with breast cancer, indicating an abnormal function of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Implication of some developmental disturbance in the genesis of cervical cancer was suggested on the basis of the observed changes of urinary steroids.
Examining the Role of Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation in Patients Undergoing Prostate Brachytherapy
Authors: Louis Potters, Taryn Torre, Richard Ashley, Steven Leibel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

To assess the role of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (NAAD) and transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy (TIPPB) using a matched-pair analysis selected from a large cohort of patients undergoing TIPPB.Six hundred twelve consecutive patients with clinically confined prostate cancer were treated between June 1992, and January 1997, with permanent ultrasound-guided TIPPB with either palladium-103 or iodine-125 as monotherapy or combined with external radiation. Patients with prostate glands >/= 60 g underwent treatment with NAAD before TIPPB to reduce the prostate volume (n = 163). The median duration of NAAD was 3.4 months before TIPPB (range, 1 to 8 months). To assess the benefit of NAAD, a matched-pair analysis was performed. The American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Group definition of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse-free survival (RFS) was used with the added caveat of an absolute increase of >/= 1.0 ng/mL. Differences in pretreatment PSA, Gleason scores, and stage were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test.Two hundred sixty-three patients were matched, with a median follow-up duration of 46 months (range, 24 to 76 months). The actuarial 5-year PSA-RFS rate for all 263 patients is 86.5%. The 5-year PSA-RFS rate for patients treated with NAAD and TIPPB was 87.1% compared with 86.9% for those treated with TIPPB only (P =.935). Subgroup analysis by Gleason score groupings, pretreatment PSA, or stage of disease failed to identify any factors for which androgen ablation was beneficial.We were unable to identify any improvement with the addition of NAAD to TIPPB in patients with localized prostate cancer in this retrospective matched-pair analysis. Furthermore, there was no subset for which the addition of NAAD was found to be beneficial. Clarification of the role and duration of NAAD in patients with early-stage prostate cancer will require prospective data.
Preliminary validation of two novel immunoassays for detecting VEGF in human and mouse plasma using single molecule counting technology
Authors: R. Puskas, D. Held, D. Sheets, B. K. Klein, E. Macy, S. J. Agee, J. Todd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e22099 Background: Growth in biomarkers as therapeutic targets and as surrogate markers for efficacy presents a need for increasingly sensitive immunoassays to expand biomarker applicability. Improved immunoassays will provide: (1) better evaluation and validation of new drug candidates, (2) better matching of patients to new therapies, (3) accelerated drug approval (4) earlier diagnosis of at-risk patients, and (5) a deeper understanding of cancer biology. Towards this end, Singulex has developed two ultra- sensitive VEGF Immunoassays for human and mouse vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here we report the preliminary validation of these two novel assays. Methods: Two novel assays were developed with the Erenna Immunoassay System for detecting VEGF: human (hVEGF) and mouse (mVEGF). Analytical sensitivity, cross-reactivity and precision were determined and compared to an ELISA based VEGF assay. Both the Singulex assay and ELISA assay were used to test a range of specimen types (plasma, cell lysates, conditioned media, and tissue specimens) from humans and mice. Preliminary assays with human plasma and tissue specimens were conducted to compare hVEGF levels between normal and breast cancer samples. Results: The Singulex hVEGF assay had an LOD of 0.1 pg/mL, an LLOQ of 0.3 pg/mL, and 84–107% spike recovery; 90X more sensitive than the ELISA assay. Human VEGF concentrations were quantified in all specimens tested compared to the ELISA, which quantified VEGF in only 8% of plasma samples, but all of the cell lysate samples. The Singulex mVEGF assay had an LOD of 3.5 pg/mL, LLOQ of 5 pg/mL, and 68–111% spike recovery; 3X more sensitive than the ELISA assay. Cross-reactivity for the two assays was minimal for all specimen types tested, except for human plasma samples where the mVEGF assay demonstrated 80–100% CR. Conclusions: We show that the Singulex hVEGF and mVEGF Immunoassays can detect VEGF at or below pg/mL levels, and can effectively quantify VEGF levels in plasma, cell lysates, conditioned media, and tissue samples from mice and humans. These novel assays are an important tool when used to assess tumor and normal breast cancer tissue and plasma. [Table: see text]
Cationic Liposome-Mediated<i>E1A</i>Gene Transfer to Human Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cells and Its Biologic Effects: A Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Naoto T. Ueno, Weiya Xia, Su Zhang, Judith K. Wolf, Joe B. Putnam, Paul L. Weiden, Jie S. Willey, Mary Carey, Donna L. Branham, Joy Y. Payne, Stanley D. Tucker, Chandra Bartholomeusz, Robert G. Kilbourn, Robert L. De Jager, Nour Sneige, Ruth L. Katz, Pervin Anklesaria, Nuhad K. Ibrahim, James L. Murray, Richard L. Theriault, Vicente Valero, David M. Gershenson, Michael W. Bevers, Leaf Huang, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the adenovirus type 5 E1A gene is associated with antitumor activities by transcriptional repression of HER-2/neu and induction of apoptosis. Indeed, E1A gene therapy is known to induce regression of HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast and ovarian cancers in nude mice. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility of intracavitary injection of E1A gene complexed with DC-Chol cationic liposome (DCC-E1A) in patients with both HER-2/neu-overexpressing and low HER-2/neu-expressing breast and ovarian cancers in a phase I clinical trial.An E1A gene complexed with DCC-E1A cationic liposome was injected once a week into the thoracic or peritoneal cavity of 18 patients with advanced cancer of the breast (n = 6) or ovary (n = 12).E1A gene expression in tumor cells was detected by immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. This E1A gene expression was accompanied by HER-2/neu downregulation, increased apoptosis, and reduced proliferation. The most common treatment-related toxicities were fever, nausea, vomiting, and/or discomfort at the injection sites.These results argue for the feasibility of intracavitary DCC-E1A administration, provide a clear proof of preclinical concept, and warrant phase II trials to determine the antitumor activity of the E1A gene.
Recovery of Murine Xenotropic Type-C Virus from C57L Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P Arnstein, J A Levy, L S Oshiro, P J Price, W Suk, E H Lennette
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

A type-C virus was isolated from C57L mice, a strain previously considered exceptionally low in expression of these viruses. The recovery was made by the heterotransplantation of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells in antithymocyte serum-treated mice. Viral reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was detected in supernatants of RD cells recultured from the transplanted tumors; the virus was subsequently seen by electron microscopy. The biologic activity of this virus was demonstrated by its rescue of the sarcoma genome from transformed nonproducer rat cells; it also infected productively various animal cell cultures, but was not infectious for mouse cells and did not produce plaques in the XC test for murine leukemia viruses (MLV). The group-specific protein and the RT of this C57L type-C virus were antigenically like those of all MLV. Its envelope antigen and host range, however, proved distinctive and were like those of isolates previously recovered from NZB, NIH Swiss, and C57BL/6 mice. It is, therefore, a member of the newly recognized group of endogenous xenotropic murine type-C viruses that cannot be propagated in murine cells.
Variation in prognostic factors in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients who responded to hormonal therapy and those who did not: A retrospective analysis
Authors: A. Jain, P. Bapsy, S. V. Attili, U. Batra, L. Dasappa, K. Govindbabu, K. Sajeevan, K. V. Saini, A. G
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

11514 Background: Hormone receptor positive patents historically had a better prognosis than their receptor negative counterparts when other parameters are balanced. However not all the patients expressing Estrogen and progesterone respond well to the hormonal manipulation. Therefore we thought of doing a retrospective analysis of our hospital data to find out the differences in the prognostic factors in therapy responders and non responders. Methods: The study was conducted at tertiary care cancer center from India. Between 2002–2003 a total of 120 breast cancer patients who expressed either Estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) were analyzed. Only patients with metastatic breast cancer were analyzed. The patients were treated with our standard institutional protocol at the beginning according to the stage of the disease. The details and baseline characters were shown in table . Results: The responders tend to be post menopausal, having low grade, node negative tumors, expressed both ER and PR, and had long interval from the date of initial diagnosis. However tumor size and the site of metastasis (visceral vs. non visceral) did not alter the outcome to hormone therapy. Conclusion: patients who are having higher age, lower tumor grade, lower number of nodes, longer disease free interval after adjuvant therapy and expressing both receptors tend to respond to hormone therapy better than those who had the opposite characters. However as thought earlier, presence of visceral metastasis or larger tumors at the time of initial diagnosis dose not preclude response to hormonal manipulation. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.