tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Different prevalence of allergic diseases between children allergic to cow's milk, egg and fish
Authors: Borislav Kamenov, Hristina Stamenkovic, Tatjana Stankovic, Aleksandar Kamenov, Svetlana Kamenov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Food allergy is frequently associated with other allergic diseases. Allergy to certain foods might be associated to higher risk of other allergic diseases.   Objective:  The aim of the study was to verify the differences in the prevalence of other allergic diseases between three groups of children allergic to cow9s milk, egg and fish.   Methods:  Three groups of children aged 3 to 12, with food allergy were analyzed: Group A: cow9s milk allergy (n=55); Group B: egg allergy (n=35); Group C: fish allergy (n=20), mean age 7.3, 8.2 and 7.9. The type of manifestations of food allergy (mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal and respiratory) and the prevalence of associated allergic diseases -bronchial asthma (BA), rhinitis (R) and atopic dermatitis (AD) in each group were analysed.   Results:  The mucocutaneous symptoms are the most prevalent in all groups (84%, 73% and 90% respectively). The gastrointestinal symptoms are less prevalent in group B than in the others (43%, 25%, 42%). The respiratory symptoms are much more frequent in group C (8%, 26%, 60%). The coexistent allergic diseases were: in group A lower prevalence - BA: 32%; R: 42%; DA: 20%; in Group B the most prevalent allergic disease is AD (68%) with the prevalence of BA 58% and R 50%; and in contrast in Group C, BA has the highest prevalence (80%), followed by DA (60%) and R (40%). In all groups The prevalence of allergic diseases was higher than in the general pediatric population.   Conclusion:  Cow9s milk allergy has lower frequency of association with other allergic diseases. Egg allergy shows a higher association with AD. Fish allergy has high frequency of respiratory manifestations and a stronger association with BA.
Decreased Cortical Representation of Genital Somatosensory Field After Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Christine M. Heim, Helen S. Mayberg, Tanja Mletzko, Charles B. Nemeroff, Jens C. Pruessner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Objective Sexual dysfunction is a common clinical symptom in women who were victims of childhood sexual abuse. The precise mechanism that mediates this association remains poorly understood. The authors evaluated the relationship between the experience of childhood abuse and neuroplastic thinning of cortical fields, depending on the nature of the abusive experience. Method The authors used MRI-based cortical thickness analysis in 51 medically healthy adult women to test whether different forms of childhood abuse were associated with cortical thinning in areas critical to the perception and processing of specific behavior implicated in the type of abuse. Results Exposure to childhood sexual abuse was specifically associated with pronounced cortical thinning in the genital representation field of the primary somatosensory cortex. In contrast, emotional abuse was associated with cortical thinning in regions relevant to self-awareness and self-evaluation. Conclusions Neural plasticity during development appears to result in cortical adaptation that may shield a child from the sensory processing of the specific abusive experience by altering cortical representation fields in a regionally highly specific manner. Such plastic reorganization may be protective for the child living under abusive conditions, but it may underlie the development of behavioral problems, such as sexual dysfunction, later in life.
In vitro evaluation of a novel bioreactor based on an integral oxygenator and a spirally wound nonwoven polyester matrix for hepatocyte culture as small aggregates
Authors: Leonard M. Flendrig, John W. la Soe, George G.A. Jörning, Arie Steenbeek, Ole T. Karlsen, Wim M.M.J. Bovée, Nita C.J.J. Ladiges, Anje A. te Velde, Robert A.F.M. Chamuleau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Sociodemographic Disparities in the Composition of Metabolic Syndrome Components Among Adults in South Korea
Authors: Hyunjung Lim, Tuan Nguyen, Ryowon Choue, Youfa Wang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is becoming a serious public health concern in many countries, including South Korea, which has faced remarkable changes in lifestyles and disease patterns in recent decades. We examined sex and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in MetS and its components among South Koreans using recent, nationally representative data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from the 2007-2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 7,289 adults 19-65 years of age were used to examine the patterns of MetS components (defined using International Diabetes Federation criteria), and regression models were used to study the association of MetS with SES, indicated by education and family income levels. RESULTS MetS prevalence increased with age, from 4.6% at age 19-29 years to 25.0% at age 50-65 years. More men had MetS than women (15.8 vs. 11.6%); men had worse levels of all MetS components. In women, the low-income and low-education group was more likely to have MetS (odds ratio 2.75 [95% CI 1.75-4.31]); the high-income and high-education group was 52% less likely to have MetS (0.48 [0.25-0.89]) compared with the middle-income and middle-education group. The most common combination of MetS components was central obesity + low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) + hypertriglyceridemia, which occurred in 15.5% of all MetS patients and in 3.4% of all South Korean adults (4.1% in men and 2.9% in women). CONCLUSIONS Those who were older and male as well as low-SES female had higher rates of MetS and its components in South Korea. The SES-MetS association was not found in men. Central obesity + low HDL-C + hypertriglyceridemia was the most common MetS pattern regardless of the SES.
HSP DNAJB8 Controls Tumor-Initiating Ability in Renal Cancer Stem–like Cells
Authors: Satoshi Nishizawa, Yoshihiko Hirohashi, Toshihiko Torigoe, Akari Takahashi, Yasuaki Tamura, Takashi Mori, Takayuki Kanaseki, Kenjiro Kamiguchi, Hiroko Asanuma, Rena Morita, Alice Sokolovskaya, Junichi Matsuzaki, Ren Yamada, Reona Fujii, Harm H. Kampinga, Toru Kondo, Tadashi Hasegawa, Isao Hara, Noriyuki Sato
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are a small population of cancer cells with superior tumor initiating, self-renewal, and differentiation properties. In this study, we show that the cancer-testis antigen and HSP40 family member DNAJB8 contributes to the CSC phenotype in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). DNAJB8 overexpression increased the percentage of side population (SP) cells representing CSCs in RCC cells, enhancing their tumor-initiating ability. Conversely, attenuation of DNAJB8 decreased SP cells and reduced tumor-initiating ability. The utility of DNAJB8 as an immunologic target was established in DNA vaccination experiments. Compared with immunization with the tumor-associated antigen survivin, which was expressed in both CSCs and non-CSCs in RCC, immunization with Dnajb8 expression plasmids yielded stronger antitumor effects. Together, our findings suggest that DNAJB8 plays a role in CSC maintenance and that it offers a candidate for CSC-targeting immunotherapy in RCC.
OxLDL upregulates CXCR2 expression in monocytes via scavenger receptors and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
Authors: Z Lei
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Chemokine receptor CXCR2 has been implied to play a substantial role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be clarified. In the present study, we examined the modulating effect of oxLDL on expression of CXCR2 and its functional effect in monocytes. Methods and results: OxLDL (20-μg protein/ml), but not LDL (80-μg protein/ml), upregulated the surface expression of the CXC chemokine receptor CXCR2 (measured by flow cytometry) in both human freshly peripheral blood monocytes and human monocytic U937 cells. OxLDL, but not LDL, increased CXCR2 mRNA determined by RT-PCR in both cells. Treatment of oxLDL (40-μg protein/ml) enhanced chemotaxis of U937 cells to IL-8 and their adhesion to an endothelial cell line, ECV304 (both P<0.05 vs. control). Pretreatment of monocytes with scavenger receptor inhibitors, polyinosinic acid (100 μg/ml) and dextran sulfate (50 μg/ml) attenuated CXCR2 expression, but pertussis toxin or cholera toxin had no effect. OxLDL induced the activation of p38MAPK in monocytes, and this effect of oxLDL was blocked by the scanvenger receptor inhibitors. Furthermore, p38 MAPK inhibitors SB203580 or SK&F86002 markedly reduced oxLDL-induced CXCR2 expression. Conclusions: This observation demonstrated that oxLDL upregulates CXCR2 expression in monocytes and promotes the chemotaxis and adhesion of monocytes. The effect of oxLDL is mediated through scavenger receptor and p38 MAPK activation.
Diagnostic accuracy of protected catheter sampling in ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia
Authors: F Bregeon, L Papazian, P Thomas, V Carret, L Garbe, P Saux, M Drancourt, JP Auffray
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of protected telescoping catheter performed using: 1) protected distal aspiration, or 2) protected mini-bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Twenty-seven patients who died after receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 72 h were included in a comparative prospective post-mortem study. The two microbiological sampling procedures were performed immediately after death. Surgical pneumonectomies and biopsies were performed within 30 min of death at the bedside for histological examination. The results of the two techniques were compared with histological post-mortem lung examination or biopsies. Histological examination of the parenchyma showed signs of pneumonia in 14 cases. Lung tissue culture was positive in nine of these 14 cases. When ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia was defined by the association of histological signs and positive lung tissue culture the sensitivity was 78% for both sampling techniques, specificity was 86% for mini-bronchoalveolar lavage and 100% for protected distal aspiration (at a threshold of 1 x 10(3) cfu x mL(-1)). Both techniques protected the distal aspiration and mini-bronchoalveolar lavage, and provided good specificity with an acceptable sensitivity for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia.
Gene Expression Profile of Metastatic Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Depends on the Organ Microenvironment
Authors: Toru Nakamura, Isaiah J. Fidler, Kevin R. Coombes
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract To determine the influence of the microenvironment on changes in gene expression, we did microarray analysis on three variant lines of a human pancreatic cancer (FG, L3.3, and L3.6pl) with different metastatic potentials. The variant lines were grown in tissue culture in the subcutis (ectopic) or pancreas (orthotopic) of nude mice. Compared with tissue culture, the number of genes of which the expression was affected by the microenvironment was up-regulated in tumors growing in the subcutis and pancreas. In addition, highly metastatic L3.6pl cells growing in the pancreas expressed significantly higher levels of 226 genes than did the L3.3 or FG variant cells. Growth of the variant lines in the subcutis did not yield similar results, indicating that the orthotopic microenvironment significantly influences gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. These data suggest that investigations of the functional consequence of gene expression require accounting for experimental growth conditions. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):139–48]
Targeted use of heparin, heparinoids, or low-molecular-weight heparin to improve outcome after acute ischaemic stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: William N Whiteley, Harold P Adams, Philip MW Bath, Eivind Berge, Per Morten Sandset, Martin Dennis, Gordon D Murray, Ka-Sing Lawrence Wong, Peter AG Sandercock
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2013)

Many international guidelines on the prevention of venous thromboembolism recommend targeting heparin treatment at patients with stroke who have a high risk of venous thrombotic events or a low risk of haemorrhagic events. We sought to identify reliable methods to target anticoagulant treatment and so improve the chance of avoiding death or dependence after stroke.We obtained individual patient data from the five largest randomised controlled trials in acute ischaemic stroke that compared heparins (unfractionated heparin, heparinoids, or low-molecular-weight heparin) with aspirin or placebo. We developed and evaluated statistical models for the prediction of thrombotic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism) and haemorrhagic events (symptomatic intracranial or significant extracranial) in the first 14 days after stroke. We calculated the absolute risk difference for the outcome "dead or dependent" in patients grouped by quartiles of predicted risk of thrombotic and haemorrhagic events with random effect meta-analysis.Patients with ischaemic stroke who were of advanced age, had increased neurological impairment, or had atrial fibrillation had a high risk of both thrombotic and haemorrhagic events after stroke. Additionally, patients with CT-visible evidence of recent cerebral ischaemia were at increased risk of thrombotic events. In evaluation datasets, the area under a receiver operating curve for prediction models for thrombotic events was 0·63 (95% CI 0·59-0·67) and for haemorrhagic events was 0·60 (0·55-0·64). We found no evidence that the net benefit from heparins increased with either increasing risk of thrombotic events or decreasing risk of haemorrhagic events.There was no evidence that patients with ischaemic stroke who were at higher risk of thrombotic events or lower risk of haemorrhagic events benefited from heparins. We were therefore unable to define a targeted approach to select the patients who would benefit from treatment with early anticoagulant therapy. We recommend that guidelines for routine or selective use of heparin in stroke should be revised.MRC.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-26 Is Associated with Estrogen-Dependent Malignancies and Targets α1-Antitrypsin Serpin
Authors: Wei Li, Alexei Y. Savinov, Dmitri V. Rozanov, Vladislav S. Golubkov, Hirad Hedayat, Tatiana I. Postnova, Natalia V. Golubkova, Yu Linli, Stanislaw Krajewski, Alex Y. Strongin
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Proteases exert control over cell behavior and affect many biological processes by making proteolytic modification of regulatory proteins. The purpose of this paper is to describe novel, important functions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-26. α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is a serpin, the primary function of which is to regulate the activity of neutrophil/leukocyte elastase. Insufficient antiprotease activity because of AAT deficiency in the lungs is a contributing factor to early-onset emphysema. We recently discovered that AAT is efficiently cleaved by a novel metalloproteinase, MMP-26, which exhibits an unconventional PH81CGVPD Cys switch motif and is autocatalytically activated in cells and tissues. An elevated expression of MMP-26 in macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes supports the functional role of MMP-26 in the AAT cleavage and inflammation. We have demonstrated a direct functional link of MMP-26 expression with an estrogen dependency and confirmed the presence of the estrogen-response element in the MMP-26 promoter. Immunostaining of tumor cell lines and biopsy specimen microarrays confirmed the existence of the inverse correlations of MMP-26 and AAT in cells/tissues. An expression of MMP-26 in the estrogen-dependent neoplasms is likely to contribute to the inactivation of AAT, to the follow-up liberation of the Ser protease activity, and because of these biochemical events, to promote matrix destruction and malignant progression. In summary, we hypothesize that MMP-26, by cleaving and inactivating the AAT serpin, operates as a unique functional link that regulates a coordinated interplay between Ser and metalloproteinases in estrogen-dependent neoplasms.
Gene expression profiling of cancer stem cell in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
Authors: Dong-Cheol Seo, Ji-Min Sung, Hee-Jung Cho, Hee Yi, Kun-Ho Seo, In-Soo Choi, Dong-Ku Kim, Jin-Suk Kim, Abd El-Aty AM, Ho-Chul Shin
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2007)

Abstract Background The studies on cancer-stem-cells (CSCs) have attracted so much attention in recent years as possible therapeutic implications. This study was carried out to investigate the gene expression profile of CSCs in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Results We isolated CSCs from A549 cell line of which side population (SP) phenotype revealed several stem cell properties. After staining the cell line with Hoechst 33342 dye, the SP and non-side population (non-SP) cells were sorted using flow cytometric analysis. The mRNA expression profiles were measured using an Affymetrix GeneChip ® oligonucleotide array. Among the sixty one differentially expressed genes, the twelve genes inclusive three poor prognostic genes; Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1/C2 (AKR1C1/C2), Transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 nuclear receptor (TM4SF1), and Nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1 (NR0B1) were significantly up-regulated in SP compared to non-SP cells. Conclusion This is the first report indicating the differences of gene expression pattern between SP and non-SP cells in A549 cells. We suggest that the up-regulations of the genes AKR1C1/C2, TM4SF1 and NR0B1 in SP of human adenocarcinoma A549 cells could be a target of poor prognosis in anti-cancer therapy.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer: Heterogeneous Risks by Race, Weight, and Breast Density
Authors: Ningqi Hou, Susan Hong, Wenli Wang, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, James J. Dignam, Dezheng Huo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

Although studies have demonstrated a positive association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast cancer risk, this association may vary by patient factors. We analyzed 1642824 screening mammograms with 9300 breast cancer cases in postmenopausal women aged 45 years or older derived from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, a longitudinal registry of mammography screening in the United States. Multiple imputation methods were used to accommodate missing data for HRT use (14%) and other covariables. We performed logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for breast cancer associated with HRT use within strata of race/ethnicity, age, body mass index (BMI), and breast density, with two-way interaction terms between HRT use and each key covariable of interest. P values for assessing possible interactions were computed from Wald z statistics. All statistical tests were two-sided. HRT use was associated with greater than 20% increased risk in white (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.28), Asian (OR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.18 to 2.11), and Hispanic women (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.67) but not black women (OR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.72 to 1.14; Pinteraction = .04). In women with low/normal BMI and extremely dense breasts, HRT use was associated with the highest breast cancer risk (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.83), compared with nonusers. In overweight/obese women with less-dense breasts, no excess risk was associated with HRT use (adjusted ORs = 0.96 to 1.03). The impact of HRT use on breast cancer risk varies according to race/ethnicity, BMI, and breast density. This risk stratification could help in advising HRT use for the relief of menopausal symptoms.
Refractory pouchitis: does it reflect underlying Crohn's disease?
Authors: K Subramani, N Harpaz, J Bilotta, C Bodian, P H Rubin, H D Janowitz, I M Gelernt, D B Sachar
Journal: Gut (1993)

Typical 'pouchitis' is a well recognised complication of ileal pouches in ulcerative colitis. Infrequently, a refractory pouchitis (RP) presents with certain clinical, endoscopic, and pathological features resembling Crohn's disease and is often ascribed to misdiagnosis of the initial colitis. To test that hypothesis and to identify risk factors for RP, this study reviewed cases of presumed ulcerative colitis with ileal pouches constructed at The Mount Sinai Hospital between 1973 and 1986. Twenty four cases with RP (16 Kock pouches and eight pelvic pouches) and 21 controls were compared for eight clinical variables. The original colectomy slides from 15 RP and 18 control cases were reviewed blindly, classified into five histological categories (corresponding to definite ulcerative colitis, definite Crohn's disease, and three indeterminate groups), and scored for 23 histological features. There were no significant clinical differences between RP and control cases except for more frequent extraintestinal manifestations (38% v 5%) and male preponderance (79% v 43%) in RP. There were also no significant differences between the distributions of RP cases and controls among the five histological categories or in the 23 histological features studied. Refractory pouchitis therefore does not seem to reflect underlying Crohn's disease, but may be linked to immunological mechanisms that are manifested clinically as extraintestinal complications.
Compensation by collateral circulation determines invasive therapeutic indications for patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome: Table 1
Authors: Yuling Sun, Xiuxian Ma, Liushun Feng, Sheng Guan, Zhiwei Wang
Journal: Gut (2012)

We read with interest the comprehensive review article by Rossle and Gerbes that details the management of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis and concludes that the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) could manage refractory ascites more effectively than large-volume paracentesis.1 However, there is an important issue regarding the management of ascites, which is caused by Budd-Chiari syndrome (B-CS), that the authors failed to address.

In patients with chronic course, the formation of intra and extrahepatic collaterals leads to improvement of liver function and may silence this disease and make it asymptomatic.2 Thus, collateral circulation …
Phosphodiesterase type 5 and high altitude pulmonary hypertension
Authors: A A Aldashev
Journal: Thorax (2005)

This study explored phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition as a strategy for treating high altitude pulmonary arterial hypertension (HAPH).689 subjects (313 men) of mean (SD) age 44 (0.6) years living above 2500 m were screened for HAPH by medical examination and electrocardiography, and 188 (27%) met the criteria for right ventricular hypertrophy. 44 underwent cardiac catheterisation and 29 (66%) had a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) above 25 mmHg. 22 patients with a raised mean PAP were randomised to receive sildenafil (25 or 100 mg) or matching placebo taken 8 hourly for 12 weeks.At 3 months, patients on sildenafil 25 mg 8 hourly (n = 9) had a significantly (p = 0.018) lower mean PAP (-6.9 mmHg) at the end of the dosing interval than those on placebo (n = 8) (95% CI -12.4 to -1.3). The treatment effect for sildenafil 100 mg 8 hourly (n = 5) compared with placebo was -6.4 mm Hg (95% CI -12.9 to 0.1). Both doses improved 6 minute walk distance, the lower dose by 45.4 m (95% CI 11.5 to 79.4; p = 0.011) and the higher dose by 40.0 m (95% CI 0.2 to 79.8; p = 0.049). Sildenafil was well tolerated. Necroscopic lung specimens from three subjects with HAPH showed abundant PDE5 in the muscular coat of remodelled pulmonary arterioles.PDE5 is an attractive drug target for the treatment of HAPH and a larger study of the long term effects of PDE5 inhibition in HAPH is warranted.