tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gemcitabine Is Active in Relapsed Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Jennifer B. Lucas, Steven M. Horwitz, Sandra J. Horning, Antoine Sayegh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

To the Editor: In the course of my duties as a member of a hospital's institutional review board (IRB), I recently reviewed a protocol that proposed to study the hypothesis that most children with low-risk neuroblastoma could be treated with surgery and supportive care only.Chemotherapy would be reserved for patients who present with life-or organ-threatening symptoms or who later relapse.(The study is Pediatric Oncology Group-Children's Cancer Group study P9641.)I believed that the proposed study was important and that it was based on sound preliminary evidence.I was, however, troubled about the manner in which the preliminary evidence was gathered and reported.The two studies that were cited in support of the proposed study were published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in 1989 1 and 1996. 2 The first study, by Matthay et al, 1 was a retrospective review of 156 patients with stage II neuroblastoma treated by 28 Children's Cancer Study Group institutions from 1978 to 1985.The outcome for 75 patients treated with surgery alone was not significantly different from that of 66 patients who received radiation therapy.The authors concluded that ''surgery alone, even if complete resection is not achieved, is sufficient initial therapy for stage II neuroblastoma.''Although the authors did not indicate whether IRB approval was sought and granted for their study, most IRBs would probably consider that such a study satisfied the requirements for minimal risk and would approve the study by expedited review.The second study, by Kushner et al, 2 was a logical sequel to the first study.The investigators proposed to test the hypothesis that cytotoxic therapy is not needed at diagnosis to assure the survival of most patients with non-stage IV neuroblastoma.Of 84 consecutive patients with previously untreated, newly diagnosed neuroblastoma, 31 had nonstage IV disease.All of these 31 patients were initially given no cytotoxic therapy, because ''none of them had N-myc amplification.''At the time of the report, the nine stage I patients were relapse-free.Of the other 22 patients, 13 had visible residual disease after surgery, and two others had markedly increased urinary catecholamine levels for longer than 1 year.All of these 22 patients were alive at 24 to 98 months after diagnosis.The second study provided a sound basis for developing the randomized prospective trial that was proposed to my IRB, and it was, in fact, approved.But I wondered how the study of ''no cytotoxic therapy'' that was reported by Kushner et al was proposed to parents of children with ''visible residual disease'' after surgery.Apparently, 31 consecutive patients were treated by observation alone.Was this study prospective?(Apparently so.)Was informed consent obtained from parents?Was IRB approval granted for the study?Kushner et al did not provide answers to these questions in the article.
Folfoxiri Plus Bevacizumab (Bv) or Plus Anti-Egfr Antibodies in Ras and Braf Wild-Type (Wt) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Mcrc) Patients (Pts): Analysis of Tumor Response
Authors: L. Salvatore, C. Cremolini, F. Loupakis, G. Masi, M. Schirripa, F. Marmorino, F. Bergamo, V. Zagonel, G. Aprile, G. Allegrini, G. Tonini, A. Zaniboni, D. Amoroso, C. Boni, T. Gamucci, C. Pinto, D.C. Corsi, M. D'Amico, S. Bracarda, A. Falcone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Polyfunctional T-Cell Signatures to Predict Protection from Cytomegalovirus after Lung Transplantation
Authors: Laurie D. Snyder, Cliburn Chan, Darongsae Kwon, John S. Yi, Jessica A. Martissa, C. Ashley Finlen Copeland, Robyn J. Osborne, Sara D. Sparks, Scott M. Palmer, Kent J. Weinhold
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), which is one of the most common infections after lung transplantation, is associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction and worse post-transplantation survival. Current approaches for at-risk patients include a fixed duration of antiviral prophylaxis despite the associated cost and side effects.Objectives: We sought to identify a specific immunologic signature that predicted protection from subsequent CMV.Methods: CMV-seropositive lung transplantation recipients were included in the discovery (n = 43) and validation (n = 28) cohorts. Polyfunctional CMV-specific immunity was assessed by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with CMV pp65 or IE-1 peptide pools and then by measuring T-cell expression of CD107a, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-2. Recipients were prospectively monitored for subsequent viremia. A Cox proportional hazards regression model that considered cytokine responses individually and in combination was used to create a predictive model for protection from CMV reactivation. This model was then applied to the validation cohort.Measurements and Main Results: Using the discovery cohort, we identified a specific combination of polyfunctional T-cell subsets to pp65 that predicted protection from subsequent CMV viremia (concordance index 0.88 [SE, 0.087]). The model included both protective (CD107a−/IFN-γ+/IL-2+/TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells, CD107a−/IFN-γ+/IL-2+/TNF-α+ CD8+ T cells) and detrimental (CD107a+/IFN-γ+/IL-2−/TNF-α− CD8+ T cells) subsets. The model was robust in the validation cohort (concordance index 0.81 [SE, 0.103]).Conclusions: We identified and validated a specific T-cell polyfunctional response to CMV antigen stimulation that provides a clinically useful prediction of subsequent cytomegalovirus risk. This novel diagnostic approach could inform the optimal duration of individual prophylaxis.
Effect of nasal CPAP therapy on functional respiratory parameters and cardiopulmonary exercise test in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Ozge Oral Tapan, Can Sevinc, Oya Itil, Ibrahim Oztura, Muammer Kayatekin, Yucel Demiral
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

AIM: Nasal CPAP treatment is an effective treatment modality for patients with OSAS. It can improve physical and mental functions by reducing daytime hypersomnolence, arousal index and sleep fragmentations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pulmonary functions, exercise limitation confirmed with CPET and quality of life can be improved after eight weeks of nCPAP treatment.

METHOD: We evaluated our case group with physical examination, SF-36 health survey, body composition analysis before and after nCPAP treatment for 8 weeks. Spirometric flow rates, PImax, PEmax, lung volumes and exercise capasities with CPET were measured.

RESULTS: 31 of 40 patiens (4 female, 27 male) completed the study. The mean age was 53.41±1.46, %51.6 of cases had comorbidities and the smoking history rate was %54.8. All of them had exercise limitation before treatment. After treatment there were increases in PImax-PEmax (p<0.05), VO2 peak (p:0.001), Load max (p:0.000), maximal heart rates (p:0.000), all SF-36 scores except pain (p<0.05) and a decrease in systolic blood pressure (p:0.005). We didn't see any changes in body compositions, spirometric flow rates except FEV1 and lung volumes.

CONCLUSION: OSAS may lead to exercise limitation. nCPAP treatment is effective in reducing exercise limitation, can help to control blood pressure and improves respiratory muscle strength. nCPAP can also improve the quality of life scores in OSA patients without any comorbidity or with comorbidities under control. Our findings may suggest that these changes are the results of improvements in patients' cardiac function, daytime somnolence and fitness.
Chronic respiratory diseases and lung cancer research: a perspective from the European Union
Authors: Adoración Navarro-Torné, María Vidal, Dominika K. Trzaska, Lara Passante, Aldo Crisafulli, Hannu Laang, Jan-Willem van de Loo, Karim Berkouk, Ruxandra Draghia-Akli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are chronic diseases of the airways and other structures of the lungs. Major CRDs are asthma and respiratory allergies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), occupational lung diseases, sleep apnoea syndrome and pulmonary hypertension. Globally, they affect 1 billion people and account for 7% of all deaths worldwide (4.2 million deaths) [1]. Lung cancer adds to this number another 1.4 million deaths annually (2.4%) [2]. Of the communicable lung diseases, tuberculosis is by far the most important. In 2012, 1.3 million people were killed by tuberculosis and 8.6 million new cases required treatment [3]. The European Union fosters cutting-edge research and innovation in chronic respiratory diseases and lung cancer <http://ow.ly/RKnu7>
Vascular access by physician assistants: evaluation of an implantable peripheral port system in cancer patients.
Authors: E B Rubenstein, A Fender, K V Rolston, L S Elting, P Prasco, J Palmer, I Road, R E Pollock, S Frisbee-Hume, D Laurence
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

To determine the ability of a physician assistant (PA) to insert, in an ambulatory setting, a peripheral subcutaneous implanted vascular-access device (VAD) and to evaluate the ability to transfer this training to a second PA. We also evaluated the performance and complications associated with this new device.The Peripheral Access System (PAS) Port catheter system (Sims-Deltec Inc, St Paul, MN) was inserted in patients who required long-term (> 3 months) vascular access for infusion therapy.The first PA (PA-1) successfully inserted 57 of 62 devices (92%) after gaining experience with the technique in 10 patients (success rate, five of 10 [50%]; P = .003). The second PA (PA-2) was successful in eight of 10 initial attempts (80%) and 25 of 30 overall (83%). Complications were few and limited to phlebitis, thrombosis, and a low infection rate (0.2 per 1,000 catheter days).PAs can be taught to insert a peripheral subcutaneous implanted VAD. This technique is transferable from one PA to another, and the device studied is appropriate for outpatient VAD programs.
Phase 1 Trial Of Carfilzomib + High Dose Melphalan Conditioning Regimen Prior To Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT) For Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Luciano J Costa, Heather Landau, Jagadish K Venkata, Yubin Kang, Guenther Koehne, David J Chung, Nikoletta Lendvai, Tricia Bentz, Sergio Giralt
Journal: Blood (2013)
Use of Observation Stays in Calculating Hospitalizations Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Matthew T. Cerasale, Peter Y. Watson
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differences in hepatitis viral etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan and China
Authors: Ding‐Shinn Chen, Yun‐Fan Liaw, Chien‐Jen Chen, Jaw‐Ching Wu, Wan‐Long Chuang, Cheng‐Yuan Peng, Rong‐Nan Chien
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent article by de Martel et al.1 comparing the relative contribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The authors elucidated the distribution of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in causing HCC in various countries with different Human Development Index (HDI) values, ranging from high HDI to very low HDI. They found that the hepatitis viral etiology was more predominant in countries with medium, low, and very low HDI. They did a great job, and hepatology published this important work. Unfortunately, in the table and figures, the name of our country, “Taiwan,” is listed incorrectly. The authors use “China, Taiwan” instead of “Taiwan,” which is the appropriate term. Taiwan differs from China in many social and anthropological aspects. To narrow the issue down to viral etiology of HCC, the data in de Martel et al.'s article were self‐explanatory. In their Fig. 3, the role of HBV in causing HCC was around 70% in China, whereas it was around 50% in Taiwan. For hepatitis C virus, the role was only around 5% in China, in contrast to 27% in Taiwan. These differences were clearly depicted in their Fig. 5. In addition, genotypes of HBV are different between China and Taiwan. Whereas the predominant HBV in China is genotype C, it is genotype B in Taiwan.2 Moreover, the situations regarding hepatitis B immunization also differ between the two countries. Taiwan was the first country in the world to implement universal vaccination of newborns against HBV infection, and the program was launched in 1984,3 whereas China started it in 1992.4 Furthermore, the genotype distribution of hepatitis D virus also differs. In Taiwan, besides the globally common genotype 1, genotypes 2 and 4 are also found, whereas these two genotypes of hepatitis D virus have not been reported in China.5 Because Taiwan is not a part of China, we urge the authors to report results for China and Taiwan separately; and in the future, when the name of our country is used, please just use “Taiwan” and do not add any other country's name before or after it. Editors' Note: This letter to the editor was originally published online on February 19, 2016. It commented on a 2015 article that examined differences in the contribution of HBV and HCV to HCC in different parts of the world. The editors wish to clarify that this letter was published because it highlighted differences in the viral etiology of HCC in Taiwan and the People's Republic of China. The journal regrets introducing politics into a scientific publication.
Study of Gut Microbiome in Chronic Pancreatitis: Association With Pancreatogenic Diabetes (Type 3C Diabetes) and Exocrine Insufficiency
Authors: J. Sai Manasa, V. Harish, A. Madhulika, G. Deepika, K. Murali Manohar, V. Parimala, K.V.S.R.R. Yesaswini, M. Sasikala, D.N. Reddy, R. Talukdar
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Abstract 12592: Sustained Clinical Benefit in Patients With Chronic Post-Infarction Heart Failure Treated With Shockwave-Facilitated Intracoronary Administration of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Cellwave Trial
Authors: Birgit Assmus, Jens Klotsche, Dirk H Walter, Florian H Seeger, Andreas Lutz, Walaa Khaled, Stefanie Dimmeler, Andreas M Zeiher
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The modest effects of initial clinical studies using intracoronary (i.c.) administration of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMC) in patients with chronic post-infarction heart failure (CHF) have been attributed to impaired homing of the applied BMC to the target area. In the double-blind CELLWAVE trial, preconditioning of the target area by extracorporeal shockwave (SW) application resulted in a significant improvement in LVEF 4 months after i.c. BMC administration in patients with CHF. The present analysis reports the long-term clinical outcome after shockwave-facilitated BMC administration.   Methods:  103 patients were randomized to either shockwave application targeted to the left ventricular anterior wall followed by followed by i.c. BMC application (n=43) or placebo (n=39) after 24 hours, or to placebo shockwave application followed by i.c. administration of BMC (n=21).   Results:  Complete follow-up data were obtained in 101 (98%) patients, 2 patients were lost-to-follow-up. Mean follow-up time was 45.7±17 months. A total of 18 patients died, 8 of 39 (21%) in the shockwave + Placebo group, 4 of 21 (19%) in the Placebo shockwave + BMC group and 6 of 43 (14%) in the shockwave +BMC group (p=0.72). The table summarizes the occurrence of individual major cardiovascular events (MACE) as well as the number of affected patients. The cumulative cardiovascular event burden including death, repeat myocardial infarction, rehospitalization for worsening heart failure, stroke and ventricular tachycardia was significantly lower in patients receiving shockwave + BMC compared to the Placebo-shockwave + BMC and the shockwave + Placebo group (p   Conclusion:  In patients with chronic post-infarction heart failure, the significant improvement of LVEF at 4 months induced by the use of shockwave-facilitated i.c. BMC administration is associated with sustained reduction of cumulative major adverse clinical events during long-term follow-up.
Knowledge about opioid treatment in 97,961 Japanese physicians.
Authors: M. Miyashita, T. Morita, T. Uchida, K. Eguchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e16523 Background: In Japan, total national opioid consumption is lower than in Western countries. Japanese physicians may be insufficiently knowledgeable about opioid treatment in cancer patients. Therefore, we surveyed all Japanese physicians about their knowledge regarding opioid treatment. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in January 2008. The questionnaires were sent to all cancer centers, teaching hospitals, general hospitals and outpatient clinics. Then the questionnaires were distributed to all physicians working in the hospitals and clinics. We asked eight questions regarding knowledge about opioid treatment and palliative care. Results: Of the 267,523 potential participants, 97,961 responded (37%). The true/false questions and percent correct responses were as follows: Palliative care should be provided only for patients who have no curative treatments available (False: correct response 79%); Palliative care should not be provided along with anticancer treatments (False: correct response 78%); One of the goals of pain management is to promote good sleep (True: correct response 76%); When opioids are taken on a regular basis, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be used (False: correct response 59%); Long-term use of opioids can often induce addiction (False: correct response 48%); When cancer pain is mild, pentazocine should be used rather than opioids (False: correct response 47%); The effect of opioids decreases when pentazocine or buprenorphine hydrochloride are used with opioids (True: correct response 35%); Proper useof opioids does not influence patient survival (True: correct response 35%). Physicians working in hospitals were significantly more likely to respond correctly compared to physicians in outpatient clinics. In addition, physicians who treat cancer patients on a daily basis were significantly more likely to respond correctly than other physicians. Conclusions: Knowledge about opioid treatment among Japanese physicians is insufficient. Education of physicians, especially nononcologists and those working in clinics, is an urgent necessity. The dissemination of knowledge about opioid treatment to physicians would benefit cancer patients in Japan. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Endocrine Reviews: The Next Generation
Authors: Leonard Wartofsky
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2015)

I would hope that you wouldn’t have to ask! It is the journal of the Endocrine Society that has earned and enjoys the highest impact factor ranking (21.059) of the 125 journals worldwide in the category of Endocrinology and Metabolism. It was first established in 1980 with four issues per year. I recall that event well, and I was, in fact, a charter subscriber. I remember somewhat less well the fact that 1980 was the year in which Ronald Reagan defeated Jimmy Carter for the presidency, the Dow Jones closed at 963, gasoline was $1.19 a gallon, war started between Iraq and Iran,Russiahad invadedAfghanistan, JohnLennonwas shot, thefirstFAXmachinewas introduced, thetopTVshow was “Dallas,” CNN was founded by Ted Turner, the big movie of the year was “The Empire Strikes Back,” the Steelers became the first NFL team to win four Super Bowls (defeating the LA Rams), the Phillies won their first World Series, and John McEnroe defeated Bjorn Borg to win Wimbledon’s men’s singles in tennis. Chelsea Clinton was born in 1980, and Alfred Hitchcock, Steve McQueen, Jean Paul Sartre, and Peter Sellers all died that year. Both Endocrine Reviews and the Endocrine Society have come a long way since 1980. Along with the nostalgic memories, I remember the insightful reviews in the first issue on pro-ACTH-EndorphinbyEipperandMains,onectopichormone production by tumors by Baylin and Mendelsohn, on the renin-angiotensin system by Kotchen and Guthrie, and on pituitary function after spontaneous infarction by Veldhuis—still an active investigator publishing in our journals. Endocrine Reviews now publishes six issues per year covering all aspects of both investigational and clinical endocrinology. Content in the journal and editorial policy have thrived due to the hard work of skilled reviewers and committed Associate Editors under the leadership of its past Editors-in-Chief, including Don Gann, Andres Negro-Vilar, Pentti Siiteri, Marc Caron, E. Brad Thompson, R. Paul Robertson,ChipRidgway,andmost recently,after the tragic and untimely death of Dr Ridgway, Maggie Wierman. I am truly honored to have been selected to follow in the shoes of these outstanding individuals.