tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Canonical Modeling: Review of Concepts with Emphasis on Environmental Health
Authors: E O Voit
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The article reviews concepts of canonical modeling in the context of environmental health. Based on biochemical systems theory, the canonical approach was developed over the past thirty years and applied to complex systems primarily in biochemistry and the regulation of gene expression. Canonical modeling is based on nonlinear ordinary differential equations whose right-hand sides consist of products of power-law functions. This structure results from the linearization of complex processes in logarithmic space. The canonical structure has many intriguing features. First, almost any system of smooth functions or ordinary differential equations can be recast equivalently in a canonical model, which demonstrates that the model structure is rich enough to deal with all relevant nonlinearities. Second, a large body of successful applications suggests that canonical models are often valid and accurate representations of quite complex, real-world systems. Third, a set of guidelines supports the modeler in all phases of analysis. These guidelines address model design, algebraic and numerical analysis, and the interpretation of results. Fourth, the structure of canonical models, especially those in S-system form, facilitates algebraic and numerical analyses. Of particular importance is the derivation of steady-state solutions in an explicit symbolic or numerical form, which allows further assessments of stability and robustness. The homogeneous structure of canonical models has also led to the development of very efficient, customized computer algorithms for all steps of a typical analysis. Fifth, a surprising number of models currently used in environmental health research are special cases of canonical models. The traditional models are thus subsumed in one modeling framework, which offers new avenues of analysis and interpretation.
SAT0568 Evaluating the Perceptions and Barriers towards Clinical Research in Rheumatology Patients
Authors: B. Mackenzie-Green, S. Pegler, A. Yousif, E. Price, D. Collins, L. Williamson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Advances in the rheumatology treatments rely on recruitment and retention of patients to clinical trials. National surveys reflective of the UK population by the National Institute of Health Research and the Association of Medical Research Charities in 2011 and 2012 demonstrated that the UK public regarded clinical research as highly important. We wanted to assess how research was perceived amongst our rheumatology patients taking DMARDS. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess how research was regarded amongst rheumatology patients. To assess patient willingness to take part in various types of research. To identify barriers to taking part in research. To raise awareness of rheumatology research and its potential benefits. <h3>Methods</h3> An anonymous 19 point questionnaire was devised based on previous national questionnaires regarding perceptions of research. The questionnaire was sent to all 1568 rheumatology patients who were registered on a system for monitoring the blood tests of patients taking DMARDS. <h3>Results</h3> 575 replies were received. 53% of patients were aware that research took place in our hospital. 98% stated that research was very important or fairly important. No respondents felt that it was not important at all and only 0.3% felt that it was not very important. 93% thought that their local NHS should be either required or encouraged to support research. The majority of patients would consider taking part in research that involved trailing a new medicine or treatment (59%), having a blood test (90%), talking to researchers about their condition or family history (82%) or allowing researchers to review their records (79%). 72% of patients would be willing to come to hospital for extra visits to take part in a research programme. Barriers included time (49%), costs (23%), effort (16%) and fear of hospitals (7%). Patients' greatest concerns regarding research were the potential side effects of treatment (66%). 84% of patients felt that taking part of research could be beneficial including increased monitoring of the condition (67%), access to new treatments (68%) and increased education (64%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our cohort of rheumatology patients taking DMARDS were willing to take part in research and felt that research was important. Half the patients were unaware that research took place in our department. A third of patients felt unable to attend hospital for the extra appointments that would be involved. Rheumatology patients have positive attitudes towards research and need to be made aware of research opportunities. <h3>References</h3> UK Clinical Trials Gateway: Public and Patient Survey 2012, National Institute for Health Research Public support for research in the NHS, Ipsos MORI poll topline results, Association of medical research charities 2011 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
AB0160 Epigenetic Studies in Maternally versus Paternally Transmitted Psoriatic Disease
Authors: D.D. O'Rielly, R. Pollock, Y. Zhang, N. Al-Ghanim, R. Yazdani, S. Hamilton, R. Bricknell, V. Chandran, R. Ardern, D.D. Gladman, G. Zhai, P. Rahman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Epidemiological studies have noted excess paternal transmission in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. To date, there has been no molecular explanation to account for this observation. Differential methylation patterns have long been implicated as a potential mechanism to account for excess paternal transmission. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this pilot study, we investigated the differential methylation pattern among paternally and maternally transmitted PsA. <h3>Methods</h3> Twenty-four (24) patients with maternally transmitted PsA were compared with 24 paternally transmitted PsA cases. For maternally transmitted PsA, the proband9s mother had either psoriasis or PsA, and for paternally transmitted PsA, the proband9s father had either psoriasis or PsA. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed on all these 48 samples by using Illumina HumanMethylation450k Beadchip, which measures up ∼480,000 different CpG sites per sample and covers 96% of RefSeq genes. The methylation level at each CpG site was measured by β values varying from 0 (no methylation) to 1 (100% methylation). <h3>Results</h3> Maternally transmitted PsA cases were predominantly females (19/24) with mean age of onset of PsA at 30.6 years. For paternally transmitted PsA, there were slightly more females (13/24) and age of onset of PsA was 22.2 years. Methylation data were normalized using BMIQ method and no batch effects were detected by PCA analysis. Methylation analysis was performed on 382,024 of the 485,512 CpG sites after filtering and revealed 90 significant CpG sites (p&lt;0.05). The three most significant CpG sites were hypermethylated regions located on chromosome 8 that did not reside on or adjacent to a gene, with p values ranging from 9x10<sup>–7</sup> to 5x10<sup>–6</sup>. Many genes of interest based on current understanding of psoriatic disease were identified including hypermethylation of CPG sites on <i>MICA</i> (diff 10.22%; p=0.014), <i>IRIF1</i> (diff 10.3%; p=0.016), <i>PSORS1C3</i> (diff 11.1%; p=0.005); and <i>TNFS4</i> (diff 15.2%; 0.004). Excess hypomethylation at CPG sites was noted on <i>PSORS1C1</i> (18.9% diff. p=0.027). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These preliminary results demonstrate that the global DNA methylation pattern in paternally transmitted PsA differs from maternally transmitted PsA. High priority candidate regions and genes identified in this study need further validation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3309
LONG-TERM MORTALITY BENEFIT OF EARLY CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION VERSUS MEDICAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITHOUT KNOWN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE UNDERGOING CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY: RESULTS FROM CONFIRM REGISTRY
Authors: Joshua Schulman-Marcus, Fay Lin, Heidi Gransar, Daniel Berman, Tracy Callister, Augustin DeLago, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Matthew Budoff, Philipp Kaufmann, Stephan Achenbach, Gilbert Raff, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Filippo Cademartiri, Erica Maffei, Todd Villines, Yong-Jin Kim, Jonathon Leipsic, Ronen Rubinshtein, Gudrun Feuchtner, Gianluca Pontone, Allison Dunning, Leslee Shaw, James Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Jejunal Diverticular Bleeding
Authors: Tsung-Jung Liang, Ming-Hsin Yeh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 77-year-old woman presented to the ER with recurrent hematochezia. She was hypotensive and anemic, with a hemoglobin level of 5.7 g per deciliter. The patient had previously undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy, but the bleeding source was not identified.
Tc-99m MIBI Uptake by a Male Breast Lymphoma Accompanied by Diffuse Bone Marrow Metastases
Authors: YONG DU, YAN LONG, RONG MA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Male breast involvement by malignant lymphoma as a primary or secondary site from distant lymphoma is rare. Bone marrow involvement in malignant lymphoma, however, occurs frequently. The authors present a case of male breast lymphoma with diffuse bone marrow metastases that was well demonstrated by Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography in a 50-year-old man who was initially thought to have breast carcinoma.
Abstract 4717: The anti-leukemic efficacy of the histone deacetylase inhibitor phenylbutyrate (PB): Reversal of epigenetic inactivation of WNT signalling pathway by PB
Authors: Alexandra C. Miller, Stuart Cohen, Rafael Rivas, Karvelisse Miller, Paul Lison
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC), phenylbutyrate (PB), is a novel antitumor agent. PB has shown anti-cancer efficacy in clinical trials and in in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-neoplastic effects have been linked to protein farnesylation inhibition and pro-apoptotic action in radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mice and malignant cells. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is involved in epigenetic control of gene expression. The objective of the current study was to evaluate additional mechanisms i.e., epigenetic activity, of PB. A radiation late effects model was used to study PB epigenetic mechanisms. Mice were sub-lethally irradiated (3.5 Gy, 60Co) to induce leukemia. To test the anti-leukemia efficacy of PB and epigenetic mechanisms, mice were irradiated and then injected with PB (25 ug/kg) or saline daily 3 x weekly (2 weeks) for a total of 6 doses. Secreted Frizzled-related protein genes (SFRPs), which function in the Wnt signaling pathway, have been found to be down-regulated by promoter hypomethylation in human acute myeloid leukemia. Therefore, the methylation status of SFRP genes was analyzed in 20 samples obtained from radiation-induced AML mice. Aberrant CpG island methylation was observed in all four SFRP genes tested by methylation-specific PCR in AML mice. The frequencies of aberrant methylation among the irradiated mice samples were 55% for SFRP1, 30% for SFRP2, 15% for SFRP4, and 32% for SFRP5. In contrast, mice irradiated and treated with PB demonstrated aberration frequencies of 12% for SFRP1, 6% for SFRP2, 0% for SFRP4, and 4% for SFRP5 at 120 days post-radiation. At day 120 post-radiation, 50% of irradiated mice had developed leukemia while only 20% of mice treated with PB showed leukemia. The results demonstrate 1) that PB is an effective countermeasure against radiation-induced leukemia, 2) that epigenetic alterations are associated with radiation-induced leukemia and 3) that PB's efficacy may be associated with prevention of epigenetic disturbances involved in leukemogenesis. These studies do not reflect the opinion of the U.S. Government or the U.S. Department of Defense and are the scientific opinions of the author. This work was supported by DTRA Grant G1B2BJ, G2B2EM, AFRRI/USUHS RAB5AH, EU05-0089, and EU07-102. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4717. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4717
A Janus Mucoadhesive and Omniphobic Device for Gastrointestinal Retention
Authors: Young‐Ah Lucy Lee, Shiyi Zhang, Jiaqi Lin, Robert Langer, Giovanni Traverso
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

A novel Janus device with omniphobic and mucoadhesive sides that exhibit the unique capacity for antifouling and extended gastrointestinal retention is fabricated. This system enables repulsion of the food and fluid stream by the luminal-facing omniphobic side and allows attachment to the gastrointestinal mucosa by the mucoadhesive side. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
NI-63 * GLIOMATOSIS CEREBRI: DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES IN THE LARGEST SERIES FROM A SINGLE EUROPEAN INSTITUTION
Authors: V. Ohla, E. Kasper, S. Doostkam, B. Volk, C. Ostertag
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a rare diffusely infiltrating primary glial neoplasm, which is defined as involving at least three lobes of the brain. There often is a striking discordance between clinical presentation and radiological findings. We reviewed the clinical presentation, radiographic appearance and outcome measures from a large single institution series of pathologically defined gliomatosis cerebri cases. METHODS: Between 1992 and 2014, 46 histologically proven cases with GC were encountered. Demographics, initial clinical presentation incl. Karnofsky index (KPS), imaging findings and treatment regimen were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Of 46 patients, only eleven were female (23.9%). Mean age at diagnosis was 50.7 years. Most frequent clinical signs were headaches, seizures and mental status changes. CT imaging revealed hypoattenuation of the involved brain parenchyma in 42 of the 46 cases (91.3%) and isodense parenchyma in 4 cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generally showed T1-weighted hypointensity and T2-weighted hyperintensity. Frequently bilateral invasion with involvement of the anterior white commissure, the corpus callosum or both was observed. The extent of brain involvement did not demonstrate a significant correlation with overall survival (OS). Lower KPS upon presentation and higher histologic grade did predict shorter OS.
Is PET/CT Necessary in the Management of Early Breast Cancer?
Authors: Gül Nihal Nursal, Tarik Zafer Nursal, Huseyin Ozgur Aytac, Bermal Hasbay, Neşe Torun, Mehmet Reyhan, Ali Fuat Yapar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Advanced imaging methods in early breast cancers are not recommended before surgery. In contrast to the accepted guidelines, some recent studies have shown some benefits with the use of PET/CT in early-stage breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to document the efficacy of PET/CT in detection of distant metastasis as well as other primary cancers.In this retrospective study, we reviewed the records of all women patients diagnosed with early breast cancer between March 2012 and December 2014. Besides demographics, we recorded the clinical TNM stage, histology of the tumor, and hormone receptor status. As PET/CT imaging is a routine procedure in our center for early breast cancer, tumor size, lymph node status, distant metastasis, and possible other primary malignancies detected by PET/CT were also recorded.Of the 419 women included in the study, 24.8% were clinically staged as stage I while the rest were stage II. Distant metastases were detected in 42 patients (10%). The yield of PET/CT in detecting metastasis was significant in stage II patients compared with stage I patients (12.4% vs 2.9%). In subgroup analysis of stage II patients, the performance of PET/CT in detecting metastasis was still evident in stage IIA patients (9.5%). In logistic regression analysis of the significant and near-significant factors (as detected by univariate analysis) effecting PET/CT detected distant metastasis, only nodal status (P = 0.053) was found to be significant.We suggest the use of PET/CT in investigating metastasis in axilla positive and clinically stage II early breast cancer patients.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided diagnosis and management of an unusual gastric submucosal lesion - gastric wall abscess
Authors: S. Rana, D. Bhasin, C. Rao, R. Gupta
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 65-year-old alcoholic man presented with upper abdominal pain accompanied by early satiety and nausea of 6 weeks’ duration. He had a history of loss of weight and he also had a low-grade fever for the past 7 days. Examination revealed a vague lump in the right upper abdomen. The patient had undergone gastroscopy at the referring center, where a mass in the antrum was reported with inconclusive endoscopic biopsy. We performed a repeat endoscopy, which revealed a submucosal lesion in the antrum ([Fig. 1]). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of abdomen showed gallbladder stones with thickening of the antral wall ([Fig. 2]). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed a well-defined, heterogeneously echo-textured lesion of 2.5 cm diameter in the gastric wall ([Fig. 3]). EUS-guided fine needle aspiration from the lesion yielded purulent material full of inflammatory cells ([Fig. 4]). The CECT was reviewed with coronal reconstruction, revealing thickening of the gallbladder wall adjacent to the antrum, and the possibility of a sealed gallbladder perforation was considered ([Fig. 5]). The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics and EUS-guided drainage of the gastric abscess was done using a nasocystic drain ([ Video 1 ]). The patient’s condition showed gradual improvement and repeat CECT abdomen revealed resolution of the gastric wall lesion ([Fig. 6]). After 6 weeks he underwent cholecystectomy, and histopathological examination of the gallbladder revealed features of chronic cholecystitis with deep ulcers and transmural inflammation. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful and he remained asymptomatic over a follow-up of 6 months.
IMPACT OF BASELINE LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND AORTIC VALVE GRADIENT ON OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: RESULTS FROM THE TVT REGISTRY
Authors: Suzanne Baron, Suzanne Arnold, Howard Herrmann, David Holmes, Adnan Chhatriwalla, Keith Allen, Wilson Szeto, Sreekaanth Vemulapali, Sean O’Brien, Dadi Dai, David Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
SP0155 Latest Advances in Managing Degenerative Conditions
Authors: P. G. Conaghan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis worldwide and rapidly increasing with ageing European populations. This degenerative process is a major source of pain and disability for individuals and economic burden for health economies. There are a range of treatment options for OA, using non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches; these are well documented in a range of recent, authoritative, evidence-based guidelines. However current symptomatic treatments are often limited by compliance, side effects or poor efficacy and many people with OA live with chronic pain. Modern imaging, in particular MRI, has helped us to understand that OA is a dynamic remodelling process involving all the structures within the joint. Inflammation is common in OA, with a high prevalence of synovitis seen on imaging, and this has been associated with joint pain. MRI detected changes within the subchondral bone are also common and associated with pain and structural progression; targeting such individual pathologies may offer potential new therapeutic options for OA. Trials of traditional rheumatoid arthritis therapies that treat synovitis are underway. Monoclonal antibodies against nerve growth factor and centrally acting drugs have recently undergone trials in OA. Whilst treatment for OA has until now relied on symptom management, for the first time, recent trials suggest that structure modification may be possible by treating the subchondral bone. Much work is still required to optimize use of current therapies and develop new treatments for OA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> P. Conaghan Consultant for: Janssen, Merck, Pfizer, Servier
Prise en charge thérapeutique des sténoses peptiques œsophagiennes de l'adulte
Authors: N Oumnia, M Lahcene, A Tebaibia, N Matougui, MA Boudjella, B Touchene
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

But: La sténose peptique est une complication majeure du reflux gastro-œsophagien (RGO); cependant son traitement reste simple. Le but de ce travail était de déterminer les caractéristiques et le résultat thérapeutique des patients adultes porteurs de sténoses peptiques de l'œsophage.