tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RV-infection modifies DNA-methylation in nasal airway epithelium cell line: Evaluation as a possible asthma trigger
Authors: Martin Pech, Brian G. Oliver, Andre Franke, Femke-Anouska Heinsen, Markus Weckmann, Matthias Kopp
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

During childhood recurrent rhino virus (RV) infections of the respiratory tract significantly increase the risk to develop asthma. To improve our knowledge about possible trigger mechanisms, a viral infected bronchial airway epithelium cell line was analyzed to detect modifications of the epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms of DNA-methylation.  The Beas-2b cells were infected with RV-16 (HeLa origin) using different multiplicities of infection (MOI) and samples were harvested until 44 h post infection. The gene expression of DNA-methyltransferases (DNMT) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Activity of the DNMTs was verified with the EpiSeeker DNMT Activity Quantification Kit (Abcam). A genome wide analysis of the DNA-methylation was performed using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip Kit (Illumina).  RV-infected Beas-2b cells showed a reduction of the DNMT-activity with the increase of infection duration time and MOI (p  Our results indicate an effect of viral infection on cellular methylation pathways and the differential expression of several gens. Differential gene expression will be verified with the help of GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 (Affymetrix). The ongoing evaluation of the genome wide analysis of methylation will provide information about associated gens and asthma relevant pathways. Our in-vitro experiments will be extended to brushed nasal airway epithelium cells to confirm our findings.
SPECIFIC ANTIBODY WITHIN LYMPHOID GERMINAL CENTER CELLS OF MICE AFTER PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION WITH HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE: A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY
Authors: Bernard Sordat, Martine Sordat, Max W. Hess, Richard D. Stoner, Hans Cottier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The appearance in mice of specific antibody within newly formed germinal centers in lymph nodes was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy after regional primary antigenic stimulation with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Lymphoid germinal center cells containing anti-HRP antibody in the perinuclear space and in the cytoplasm were detected from 17 to 26 days after antigenic stimulation. Extracellular anti-HRP antibody within germinal centers, localized between dendritic reticular cells and lymphoid elements, could not be found before the appearance of intracellular antibody. These findings strongly suggest antibody formation by lymphoid germinal center cells. Both antigen and corresponding antibody persisted in intercellular spaces up to 35 days after primary stimulation. The concomitant presence in a given lymph node of germinal centers which are positive or negative with regard to specific antibody provide evidence in favor of monospecificity of individual centers. The mechanisms of antigen-trapping within germinal centers are discussed in the light of the present observations.
INFLUENCE OF GENETIC FACTORS ON THE MAGNITUDE AND THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Klaus Eichmann, Dietmar G. Braun, Richard M. Krause
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Selective breeding of rabbits immunized with Group C and Group A streptococcal vaccines was employed to reveal genetic influences on the magnitude and on the restriction in heterogeneity of the immune response to the group-specific carbohydrates. After two generations of selective breeding, complete segregation was achieved between a high-response population (>18 mg precipitins/ml serum, average 33 mg/ml) and a low-response population (<13 mg precipitins/ml serum, average 7.5 mg/ml) to Group C carbohydrate. This suggests that a limited number of genes controls the magnitude of the immune response to this antigen. Selective breeding of rabbits which were representative of heterogeneous, restricted, and monoclonal responses revealed that the degree of antibody heterogeneity in the parental rabbits is reflected in the offspring. More than 95% of the offspring derived from rabbits which had a heterogeneous immune response developed heterogeneous antibodies. 33% of the offspring derived from rabbits which had restricted and monoclonal immune responses developed monoclonal antibodies. This suggests that the degree of heterogeneity of the antibody response to the streptococcal carbohydrates is under genetic control. The degree of heterogeneity and the magnitude of the immune response appear to be independent variables.
CD4 T-helper cells engineered to produce IL-10 prevent allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and inflammation
Authors: Jae-Won Oh, Christine M. Seroogy, Everett H. Meyer, Omid Akbari, Gerald Berry, C.Garrison Fathman, Rosemarie H. DeKruyff, Dale T. Umetsu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Further characterization and comparison of inducible nitric oxide synthase in mouse, rat, and human hepatocytes
Authors: Andreas K. Nussler, Mauricio Di Silvio, Zhi-Ze Liu, David A. Geller, Paul Freeswick, Kenneth Dorko, Fabio Bartoli, Timothy R. Billiar
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Marked differences in induced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis occur between species. We have previously shown that both human and rat hepatocytes express an inducible NO synthase in response to cytokines and lipopolysaccharide. In this study, we compare the expression and regulation of cytokine-induced NO synthase in hepatocytes isolated from three species, human, rat, and mouse. On stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interferon gamma (IFN gamma), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), it was found that hepatocytes from all three species produce high levels of NO with levels of production exhibiting the following hierarchy: rat hepatocytes > mouse hepatocytes > human hepatocytes. Whereas rat and mouse hepatocytes express inducible NO synthase messenger RNA (mRNA) in response to TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, or IFN gamma as a single stimulus, human hepatocytes respond to LPS alone. Inhibition of NO generation through transforming growth factor (TGF-beta 1) was seen in mouse (77% +/- 5.9) and rat hepatocytes (17% +/- 2.6) whereas only about 10% was seen in human hepatocytes. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was shown to inhibit NO synthesis in human and mouse hepatocytes but not rat. A marked NO-dependent inhibition of total protein synthesis was seen in rat and human hepatocytes, whereas mouse hepatocytes showed almost no inhibition in protein synthesis when stimulated. NO-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) release was found in all three species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> Exchange Inhibitor Cariporide Attenuates Cell Injury Predominantly During Ischemia and Not at Onset of Reperfusion in Porcine Hearts With Low Residual Blood Flow
Authors: Hermann H. Klein, Sibylle Pich, Rainer M. Bohle, Stephanie Lindert-Heimberg, Klaus Nebendahl
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —This study investigated whether myocardial protection by inhibition of Na + /H + exchange (NHE) occurs during ischemia and/or during reperfusion. Methods and Results —The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in 32 pigs for 60 minutes and then reperfused for 24 hours. Infarct sizes (nitroblue tetrazolium [NBT] stain, histology) were determined at the end of the experiments. An extracorporeal bypass was used to achieve a constant residual blood flow of 3 mL/min in the myocardium at risk during ischemia. The NHE-1 inhibitor cariporide or distilled water was infused into the extracorporeal bypass system. In group 1, active treatment was administered from the onset of ischemia until 10 minutes of reperfusion (n=8). In group 2, active treatment was infused during the first 30 minutes of ischemia only (n=8). The group 3 animals (n=8) received intracoronary cariporide after 45 minutes of ischemia until 10 minutes of reperfusion. The control animals (group 4, n=7) were treated similarly to group 1 animals, with the cariporide solution being replaced by distilled water. Infarct sizes of group 1 (NBT stain, 41.5±20%; histology, 44.6±12%) and group 2 (NBT stain, 33.5±14%; histology 34.9±15%) differed significantly (at least P =0.012) from infarct sizes of group 3 (NBT stain, 71.6±15%; histology, 69.2±12%) and the control group (NBT stain, 76±9%; histology 72.4±12%). Cariporide treatment in group 1 and group 2 significantly improved functional recovery after 24 hours of reperfusion. Conclusions —Myocardial protection by cariporide is predominantly achieved by NHE inhibition during ischemia and not during early reperfusion.
Evidence based medicine: increasing, not dictating, choice
Authors: K. Dickersin, S. E Straus, L. A Bero
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The systematic synthesis of evidence is the foundation of all medical discoveries and of good clinical practice Evidence based medicine is healthcare practice that is based on integrating knowledge gained from the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patients' values and circumstances. It is curious, even shocking, that the adjective "evidence based" is needed. The public must wonder on what basis medical decisions are made otherwise. Is it intuition? Magic? The public must also wonder what happens to the research evidence in which they have invested—either directly through taxes or indirectly through buying drugs and other medical products—if it is not guiding clinical practice. How could something so intuitively obvious to lay people not be similarly viewed by clinicians? And how could this medical milestone be so misunderstood by some? Critics of evidence based medicine worry that it dictates a single "right" way to practise, despite differences among patients; that some self appointed group of "experts" will declare only one type of study to be useful; or that healthcare decisions will be made solely on the basis of costs and cost savings. Giving a name to evidence based medicine and, now, awarding it milestone status could help everyone to realise that it is about making decisions that are based on the best available evidence, not dictating what clinicians do. The term "evidence based medicine" was coined in 1991 by a group at McMaster University, Ontario. It arose from a confluence of events and changes in our culture. These included a growing recognition that:
Rape Trauma Syndrome
Authors: ANN WOLBERT BURGESS, LYNDA LYTLE HOLMSTROM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors interviewed and followed 146 patients admitted during a one-year period to the emergency ward of a city hospital with a presenting complaint of having been raped. Based upon an analysis of the 92 adult women rape victims in the sample, they document the existence of a rape trauma syndrome and delineate its symptomatology as well as that of two variations, compounded reaction and silent reaction. Specific therapeutic techniques are required for each of these three reactions. Crisis intervention counseling is effective with typical rape trauma syndrome; additional professional help is needed in the case of compounded reaction; and the silent rape reaction means that the clinician must be alert to indications of the possibility of rape having occurred even when the patient never mentions such an attack.
A new murine monoclonal antibody reports an activation-dependent change in the conformation and/or microenvironment of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex.
Authors: B S Coller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Considerable evidence indicates that the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex on human platelets functions as a receptor for fibrinogen, but little is known about the mechanism of receptor "exposure." To investigate this mechanism, our previously described murine monoclonal antibody (10E5) and a new monoclonal antibody (7E3), both of which block the binding of fibrinogen to platelets and bind to GPIIb and/or GPIIIa, were radiolabeled and their rates of binding to native and ADP-activated platelets were studied. At low concentrations, 125I-10E5 bound nearly equally rapidly to both native and activated platelets, whereas 125I-7E3 bound slowly to native platelets and much more rapidly to activated platelets. This increased rate of 7E3 binding is unlikely to be due to an increase in the number of GPIIb/IIIa sites on the surface of activated platelets because: (a) the rate of 10E5 binding was unchanged; (b) the total number of surface GPIIb/IIIa sites increased by only 2-10% with activation as judged by equilibrium binding of near-saturating concentrations of 10E5 and 7E3, and (c) there was less than 1% release of platelet factor 4 with activation, indicating minimal fusion of alpha-granule membranes (a potential source of GPIIb/IIIa) with the plasma membrane. Other activators (epinephrine, thrombin, and ionophore A 23187) also increased the rate of 7E3 binding, as did digestion of platelets with chymotrypsin. Aspirin did not affect the rate of binding of 7E3, whereas apyrase, prostaglandin E1, and dibucaine all inhibited the enhancement of the 7E3-binding rate produced by ADP. These data provide evidence for an activation-dependent change in the conformation and/or microenvironment of the GPIIb/IIIa complex, and offer a method of studying the receptor exposure mechanism that does not rely on the binding of fibrinogen itself.
Implications of health and safety legislation for the professional sportsperson.
Authors: C W Fuller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

There are a large number of injuries in most professional sports every year, and research interest has usually centred around the medical aspects of these injuries. However, health and safety legislation also applies to professional sport, and it is important, as with any other occupation, to understand the underlying causes of the incidents leading to the injuries and to take steps to minimize future injuries. The introduction of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 formalized a risk assessment approach to health and safety issues; an approach that has always been implicit in the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. This review assesses how the relevant UK health and safety legislation impacts on the professional sportsperson.
Suppression of the Tumorigenic and Metastatic Abilities of Murine B16-F10 Melanoma Cells In Vivo by the Overexpression of the Tissue Inhibitor of the Metalloproteinases-1
Authors: R Khokha
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Suppression of the Tumorigenic and Metastatic Abilities of Murine B16-F10 Melanoma Cells In Vivo by the Overexpression of the Tissue Inhibitor of the Metalloproteinases-1 Get access Rama Khokha Rama Khokha * * Correspondence to: Raqma Khokha, Ph.D., Department of Oncology, Londeon Regional Cancer Center, 790 Commissioners Rd., East, London, ON. Canada, N6A 4L6. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 4, 16 February 1994, Pages 299–304, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.4.299 Published: 16 February 1994 Article history Received: 16 June 1993 Revision received: 25 October 1993 Accepted: 18 November 1993 Published: 16 February 1994
Effect of intranasal histamine on nasal mucosal blood flow and the antidiuretic activity of desmopressin.
Authors: L S Olanoff, C R Titus, M S Shea, R E Gibson, C D Brooks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The effects of exogenous histamine on nasal mucosal blood flow and the systemic activity of intranasally administered desmopressin, a vasopressin analogue, were studied in normal volunteers. Ten subjects received either saline or histamine (1, 20, 100, and 500 micrograms) by intranasal spray. Maximal nasal mucosal blood flow response, determined by laser doppler velocimetry, demonstrated a significant (P less than 0.05) linear relationship to histamine dose. Eight additional subjects received each of the following intranasal treatments: 20 micrograms histamine followed by 10 micrograms desmopressin; normal saline followed by 10 micrograms desmopressin; 20 micrograms histamine followed by vehicle; or normal saline and vehicle. Nasal blood flow was determined before and after each treatment. Desmopressin activity was assessed by measuring urine osmolality, flow rate, electrolyte, and creatinine concentration for 24 h after each treatment. The effect of histamine and desmopressin was greater than desmopressin alone, with respect to nasal blood flow response (103 +/- 24 vs. 4 +/- 17%, mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.02), initial urine osmolality (520 +/- 123 vs. 333 +/- 75 mosM, P less than 0.03), urine electrolyte (potassium, 45 +/- 11 vs. 28 +/- 7 meq/liter; sodium, 68 +/- 21 vs. 36 +/- 8 meq/liter, P less than 0.03) and creatinine concentrations (95 +/- 23 vs. 60 +/- 13 mg/dl, P less than 0.03), and the duration of decrease in urine flow rate compared with saline and vehicle. These results suggest that the systemic activity of intranasal desmopressin is enhanced by increasing local nasal blood flow and are consistent with increased transnasal absorption of the peptide.
A 35-year-old pregnant woman considering maternal serum screening and amniocentesis
Authors: M. Mennuti
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Dr Daley  : Mrs J, a 35-year-old married attorney and mother of 2 preschool-aged children, is in her first trimester of pregnancy. She is considering maternal serum screening and/or amniocentesis for the detection of neural tube defects and chromosomal abnormalities. She is insured with a managed care organization through her husband's medical insurance.  Mrs J is healthy and has had 3 previous pregnancies. Her first pregnancy was uncomplicated during gestation, with a 40-hour labor, ending in a cesarean delivery of a healthy boy at term. Her second pregnancy ended in a spontaneous miscarriage during the first trimester. In the first trimester of her third pregnancy, Mrs J's obstetrician, Dr O, offered her serum screening and/or amniocentesis. She and her husband declined both, feeling that the risks of neural tube defects and chromosomal abnormalities were low and that they would not be willing to terminate a pregnancy in the second trimester if
<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> Infection Is Associated with Increased Risk of Childhood Asthma and Atopy in Rural China
Authors: Lyle J. Palmer, Juan C. Celedón, Scott T. Weiss, Binyan Wang, Zhian Fang, Xiping Xu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

There is growing international interest in the possible relationships between helminthic infection and allergic disease, although the nature of the relationships remains uncertain and controversial. The interrelationships of current and past infection with Ascaris lumbricoides and asthma and atopy were investigated in a cross-sectional sample of 2,164 children between the ages of 8 and 18 years from Anqing Province, China. The children were sampled from a larger family-based study of the genetics of asthma. The prevalence of either a history of or a positive stool examination for Ascaris was 24.5%. Asthma was defined for analytic purposes using previously validated, stringent criteria including airways responsiveness to methacholine. Independently of the other factors assessed, infection with A. lumbricoides was associated with increased risk of asthma (p < 0.001), an increased number of skin tests positive to aeroallergens (p < 0.001), and an increased dose–response slope to methacholine (p = 0.003). The association of sensitization to common aeroallergens with increased asthma risk was enhanced in those children infected with Ascaris, and such infection was associated with an increased risk of asthma independent of sensitization to aeroallergens in this selected population. These data suggest a complex relationship between ascariasis and susceptibility to childhood asthma among predisposed children that may involve an interaction with the immune response to inhaled aeroallergens.
Targeted regulation of self-peptide presentation prevents type I diabetes in mice without disrupting general immunocompetence
Authors: Woelsung Yi, Nilufer P. Seth, Tom Martillotti, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Derek B. Sant’Angelo, Lisa K. Denzin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Peptide loading of MHC class II (MHCII) molecules is directly catalyzed by the MHCII-like molecule HLA-DM (DM). Another MHCII-like molecule, HLA-DO (DO), associates with DM, thereby modulating DM function. The biological role of DO-mediated regulation of DM activity in vivo remains unknown; however, it has been postulated that DO expression dampens presentation of self antigens, thereby preventing inappropriate T cell activation that ultimately leads to autoimmunity. To test the idea that DO modulation of the MHCII self-peptide repertoire mediates self tolerance, we generated NOD mice that constitutively overexpressed DO in DCs (referred to herein as NOD.DO mice). NOD mice are a mouse model for type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease mediated by the destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells. Our studies showed that diabetes development was completely blocked in NOD.DO mice. Similar to NOD mice, NOD.DO animals selected a diabetogenic T cell repertoire, and the numbers and function of Tregs were normal. Indeed, immune system function in NOD.DO mice was equivalent to that in NOD mice. NOD.DO DCs, however, presented an altered MHCII-bound self-peptide repertoire, thereby preventing the activation of diabetogenic T cells and subsequent diabetes development. These studies show that DO expression can shape the overall MHCII self-peptide repertoire to promote T cell tolerance.
Effects of Blood Pressure and Blood Viscosity on Fluorescein Transit Time in the Cerebral Microcirculation in the Mouse
Authors: WILLIAM I. ROSENBLUM
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Fluorescein transit time from pial arterioles to pial venules was measured in the mouse by analyzing motion pictures taken at 40 frames/sec. Increased blood pressure reduced the transit time. Increased blood viscosity lengthened the transit time. Viscosity was increased by rendering the animals polycythemic, or by infusions of high molecular weight dextran. Two different dextrans were used. The one with the higher molecular weight (500,000) produced a higher viscosity and a more prolonged transit time than the one with the lower molecular weight (250,000). These dextrans produced a prolongation of the transit time equal to that, or greater than that, observed in the polycythemic animals, even though whole blood viscosity in polycythemia exceeded that of the dextran treated mice over a wide range of physiologically pertinent shear rates applied in vitro in a rotational viscometer. Results indicate that increases of blood viscosity produce decreases in the velocity of the plasma, and that viscosity increments brought about by raising the hematocrit, may be less effective than viscosity increments brought about by raising the viscosity of the plasma.
Internal mammary artery smooth muscle cells resist migration and possess high antioxidant capacity
Authors: V MAHADEVAN, M CAMPBELL, P MCKEOWN, U BAYRAKTUTAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objective: This study investigated whether differences exist in atherogen-induced migratory behaviors and basal antioxidant enzyme capacity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from human coronary (CA) and internal mammary (IMA) arteries.