tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Skin Tumorigenesis by Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Modified by Its Hydrogenated Derivatives2
Authors: William Lijinsky, Francesco Cefis, Humberto Garcia, Umberto Saffiotti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Journal Article Skin Tumorigenesis by Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Modified by Its Hydrogenated Derivatives Get access William Lijinsky, William Lijinsky Division of Oncology, Institute of Medical Research, The Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francesco Cefis, Francesco Cefis Division of Oncology, Institute of Medical Research, The Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Humberto Garcia, Humberto Garcia Division of Oncology, Institute of Medical Research, The Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 3Present address: Departmento de Oncologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Umberto Saffiotti Umberto Saffiotti Division of Oncology, Institute of Medical Research, The Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 4We wish to thank Dr. Philippe Shubik for his interest and encouragement and Miss Kay Spencer for the statistical analysis of the results. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 34, Issue 1, January 1965, Pages 7–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/34.1.7 Published: 01 January 1965 Article history Received: 09 March 1964 Published: 01 January 1965
An empirical comparison of the stone and dangerousness criteria for civil commitment
Authors: S K Hoge, P S Appelbaum, A Greer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Massachusetts civil commitment criteria were compared in an emergency setting with a set of criteria developed by Dr. Alan Stone. Contrary to expectations, the Stone criteria proved to be more restrictive in a sample of 503 patients. Few patients would be newly committable under the Stone criteria; of the 35 patients committable under the Stone standard, 32 also met the current Massachusetts criteria for commitment. The clinical and policy implications of the adoption of the Stone criteria are discussed.
ART influences HIV persistence in the female reproductive tract and cervicovaginal secretions
Authors: Rikke Olesen, Michael D. Swanson, Martina Kovarova, Tomonori Nochi, Morgan Chateau, Jenna B. Honeycutt, Julie M. Long, Paul W. Denton, Michael G. Hudgens, Amy Richardson, Martin Tolstrup, Lars Østergaard, Angela Wahl, J. Victor Garcia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

The recently completed HIV prevention trials network study 052 is a landmark collaboration demonstrating that HIV transmission in discordant couples can be dramatically reduced by treating the infected individual with antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the cellular and virological events that occur in the female reproductive tract (FRT) during ART that result in such a drastic decrease in transmission were not studied and remain unknown. Here, we implemented an in vivo model of ART in BM/liver/thymus (BLT) humanized mice in order to better understand the ability of ART to prevent secondary HIV transmission. We demonstrated that the entire FRT of BLT mice is reconstituted with human CD4+ cells that are shed into cervicovaginal secretions (CVS). A high percentage of the CD4+ T cells in the FRT and CVS expressed CCR5 and therefore are potential HIV target cells. Infection with HIV increased the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in CVS of BLT mice. Furthermore, HIV was present in CVS during infection. Finally, we evaluated the effect of ART on HIV levels in the FRT and CVS and demonstrated that ART can efficiently suppress cell-free HIV-RNA in CVS, despite residual levels of HIV-RNA+ cells in both the FRT and CVS.
Influenza vaccine-induced ILD
Authors: Piero Balbo, Filippo Patrucco, Andrea Lombi, Roberta Nicali
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

A 83-yr-old male was evaluated for normocapnic respiratory failure, fever and bilateral ground-glass pulmonary opacities on CT. He was affected by Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) diagnosed in 2011 without any other lung diseases. No newdrugs were introduced recently. About 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms hereceived inactivated influenza virus vaccine.  Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed during hospitalization revealed 58% macrophages, 40% lymphocytes and 2% eosinophils. BAL cultures for bacteria, mycobacteria, viruses and fungi were negative. The Transbronchial Lung Biopsy (TBLB) specimens showed lymphocytic interstitial inflammation with mildfibrosis. No aspects compatible with infection or malignancy was noted.  Blood cultures and autoimmunity screening panelwere negative. Based on these findingswe arguedthe possibility of an interstitial lung disease(ILD)triggered by the vaccine. He started oral prednisone 25 mg/day with marked improvement of symptoms and gas exchanges. The steroid was tapered over 1 month with normalization of clinical and radiological features.  Influenza vaccine-induced ILD is a rare complication. A recent review reveals that there isn9t a prevalence for gender, type of vaccine administrered, time of onset of sympthoms (Watanabe S. Eur Respir J 2013;41(2):474-7). CT scans revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or patchy infiltration; interstitial and alveolar lymphocytic infiltratation were demonstrated by BAL and TBLB.  Definitive conclusions to explain the ILD tissue damage can9t be drawn due to the small number of cases (Matsuno O. Respir Res 2012;13:39). There isn9t an univocal diagnostic approach but we suggest to consider this condition excluding other potential causes after BAL and/or TBLB.
Immunologic and Metabolic Features of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Define Prognostic Subtypes of Disease
Authors: Jack Hutcheson, Uthra Balaji, Matthew R. Porembka, Megan B. Wachsmann, Peter A. McCue, Erik S. Knudsen, Agnieszka K. Witkiewicz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment that supports the growth of the malignancy as well as immune system evasion. Here we examine markers of immunosuppression in PDA within the context of the glycolytic tumor microenvironment, their interrelationship with tumor biology and association with overall survival.We utilized tissue microarrays consisting of 223 PDA patients annotated for clinical stage, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and survival. Expression of CD163, FoxP3, PD-L1, and MCT4 was assessed by IHC and statistical associations were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Multimarker subtypes were defined by random forest analysis. Mechanistic interactions were evaluated using PDA cell lines and models for myeloid differentiation.PDA exhibits discrete expression of CD163, FoxP3, and PD-L1 with modest individual significance. However, combined low expression of these markers was associated with improved prognosis (P = 0.02). PDA tumor cells altered macrophage phenotype and function, which supported enhanced invasiveness in cell-based models. Lactate efflux mediated by MCT4 was associated with, and required for, the selective conversion of myeloid cells. Correspondingly, MCT4 expression correlated with immune markers in PDA cases, and increased the significance of prognostic subtypes (P = 0.002).There exists a complex interplay between PDA tumor cells and the host immune system wherein immunosuppression is associated with negative outcome. MCT4 expression, representative of the glycolytic state of PDA, contributes to the phenotypic conversion of myeloid cells. Thus, metabolic status of PDA tumors is an important determinant of the immunosuppressive environment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3606-17. ©2016 AACR.
High azathioprine dose and lip cancer risk in liver, heart, and lung transplant recipients: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Renhua Na, Maarit A. Laaksonen, Andrew E. Grulich, Nicola S. Meagher, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Anne M. Keogh, Claire M. Vajdic
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2016)
Celecoxib and aromatase activity in breast cancer: Results from a prospective randomized preoperative trial.
Authors: E. R. Port, K. Subbaramaiah, E. Brogi, M. Sampson, K. Panageas, A. Dannenberg, C. Hudis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1527 Background: COX-2 is overexpressed in many epithelial malignancies, including a subset of human breast cancers. Preclinical studies have shown that COX2-derived prostaglandins are a determinant of aromatase expression. Celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, has been studied therapeutically but little is known about its impact on human breast cancer tissue. To determine whether celecoxib has a measurable biologic impact, we investigated whether preoperative administration would alter aromatase activity or Ki67 levels in human breast cancer. Methods: 75 post-menopausal women (median age: 67, range 52-93; 53/75 ER or PR-positive, 9/75 HER2/neu positive)with a proven diagnosis of invasive breast cancer or with highly suspicious masses were prospectively randomized 1:1:1 to each of three groups: no treatment, celecoxib 200 mg bid, or 400 mg bid. Patients were treated for 7-21 days from baseline biopsy or enrollment until definitive surgery. Tissue from biopsy specimens (pretreatment) and surgical specimens (posttreatment) was tested for aromatase activity and Ki67. A subset of patients was accrued with previous core biopsies and repeat baseline core biopsies were not feasible. In these patients, only post treatment tissue from surgical specimens was available for comparison between groups. Results: There were no significant changes in aromatase activity or Ki67 pre- and posttreatment for any group. Similarly, no differences were observed across the three treatment groups. In an exploratory subset analysis, there was no significant difference in aromatase activity levels or Ki67 for HER2/neu-negative vs. positive, or ER/PR-negative vs. positive specimens. Conclusions: We did not observe any significant biologic effect of celecoxib on aromatase activity or Ki67 in patients with invasive breast cancer treated for 1-3 weeks prior to surgery. If celecoxib is an anticancer agent, it is possible that the length of treatment studied here was not sufficient to demonstrate observable changes in Ki67 or aromatase activity. Alternatively it is possible that anticancer activity of celecoxib is exerted through alternative mechanisms and pathways. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Tragara Pharmaceuticals Tragara Pharmaceuticals Pharmacia
The efficacy of the assistant use of short-acting β2 stimulant procaterol on the daily activity in COPD patients. Niigata multicenter study
Authors: Kunihiko Sakai, Hideaki Nakayama, Satoshi Hokari, Ryoko Suzuki, Asako Takiguchi, Toshinori Takada, Eiichi Suzuki, Ichiei Narita
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background and purpose:  COPD patients have some dyspnoea on exertion in spite of medication. Guidelines suggest the use of short-acting β 2  antagonist (SABA) as necesarry. There are few reports to see whether the supplemantary use of SABA inhalation imporves their physical activity, ADL and QoL in the daily life. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of assistant use of procaterol inhalation.   Methods:  COPD patients were enrolled and asked to keep as active as possible. Physical activities were measured by the uni-axial accelerometer. COPD patients were divided into two groups. One was the group as controls (Group C) and the other was those who used procaterol before or after the exertion when they felt dyspnoea (Group P). Physical activities, ADL and QoL in the daily life were compared during the observational and the experimental periods for each one month. Statistical analyses were done by two-way ANOVA. A p   Results:  Forty four patients were enrolled and 37 completed the study.  And vitality domain of the SF-36 improved in Group P during the experimental period.   Conclusion:  The assistant use of SABA inhalation may maintain the mild level of physical activity and increase vitality in the daily life in COPD patients.
Immortalization in Culture: Occurrence at a Late Stage in the Progression of Breast Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H S Smith, S R Wolman, S H Dairkee, M C Hancock, M Lippman, A Leff, A J Hackett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The properties in culture of 3 breast cancer effusion metastases, obtained over approximately 2 years from the same patient, were examined. Despite repeated attempts with cryopreserved cells, only the last specimen reproducibly exhibited immortality in culture; the first 2 specimens grew initially but failed to develop into cell lines. Each specimen was unique in morphology and growth properties, although karyotypic markers indicated a common origin. Aberrations of chromosomes 1 and 11 marked these near-diploid cells, and further structural alterations of chromosome 11 accompanied the transition of biological properties observed in the third specimen.
Retreatment with a prolonged temozolomide (TMZ) dosing schedule in patients (pts) with recurrent malignant gliomas (MG)
Authors: C. E. Murray, R. D’Agostino, G. J. Lesser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2078 Background: The combination of surgery, radiation and TMZ has become the standard therapy for pts with newly diagnosed MG; however, no standard has emerged for recurrent disease. Continuous dosing of TMZ for periods longer than 7 days has been shown to decrease the intratumoral concentration of the DNA repair enzyme methyl-guanine-methyl transferase and anecdotal evidence suggests that prolonged TMZ dosing has activity in pts whose tumors have progressed on standard adjuvant dosing regimens. Methods: Using an institutional neuro-oncology database, we retrospectively identified all pts with recurrent MG treated with a prolonged TMZ dosing schedule between 4/05 and 11/07. Results: Nineteen pts were identified who received prolonged TMZ dosing at recurrence at a dose of 50-100mg/m2/day for 21 consecutive days followed by 7 days off drug. All pts had received prior TMZ, 14 concurrent with and 17 following radiation. Their median age was 56 years (range 34–69) and 58% of these pts were male. Seventeen pts had glioblastoma multiforme and 2 had anaplastic astrocytomas. Seven pts had received 2 prior regimens and 2 pts had been treated with 3 prior therapies. The median number of prolonged TMZ cycles delivered was 2 (range 1–17+). Three pts were treated with concurrent tamoxifen and one received imatinib along with prolonged TMZ. Median time to progression was 9.5 weeks (range 4–112+). Only 1 brief partial response was seen while 4 pts had stable disease on last imaging. One pt remains on treatment. Hematologic toxicity included grade 3/4 lymphopenia (6 pts) and grade 3 thrombocytopenia (2 pts). No grade 3/4 anemia or neutropenia was seen. No opportunistic infections occurred. One pt had grade 3 thrombosis and transaminitis. No pt discontinued treatment due to toxicity. Conclusions: Prolonged TMZ dosing was well tolerated in pts with recurrent MG and prior TMZ treatment. Few responses were seen, but several pts exhibited prolonged disease stabilization. This data suggests a potential role for prolonged TMZ dosing, alone or in combination, in pts with recurrent MG following initial TMZ therapy. A multi-institution phase II study with correlative endpoints including assessment of MGMT inhibition is planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Measurement of carbon monoxide transfer and lung volume in ventilated subjects
Authors: PD Macnaughton, CJ Morgan, DM Denison, TW Evans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

A simple method for measuring lung volume and carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO) by a rebreathing technique was assessed in nine healthy volunteers undergoing intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Measurements of TLCO, alveolar volume (VA) and carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO) made at three inspired oxygen concentrations (21, 35 and 70%) during IPPV were compared to those obtained during spontaneous breathing. The effects of 10 cmH2O positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were also studied. Pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc) and the diffusing capacity of the alveolar capillary membrane (Dm) were derived. There was a close correlation between measurements of TLCO during IPPV (TLCOIPPV) and spontaneous breathing (TLCOSV) (r = 0.92). Ventilated TLCO was 64 +/- 8% of spontaneously breathing TLCO. There was a close agreement between ventilated and spontaneously breathing measurements of KCO (r = 0.95; mean difference 0.14, 95% limits of agreement +0.37 to -0.09 mmol.min-1 x kPa-1 x l-1). Vc was 92 +/- 23 ml during spontaneous breathing and 72 +/- 21 ml during IPPV (p < 0.05). PEEP of 10 cmH2O significantly increased functional residual capacity (2.3 +/- 0.5 to 3.5 +/- 0.6 l) and decreased TLCO (5.9 +/- 1.0 to 5.3 +/- 1.2 mmol.min-1 x kPa-1), KCO (1.7 +/- 0.2 to 1.1 +/- 0.3 mmol.min-1 x kPa-1 x l-1) and Vc (82 +/- 22 to 56 +/- 20 ml). Dm did not change with PEEP. This simple method may be a useful means of assessing gas exchange and lung volume in ventilated subjects. It showed that PEEP increased lung volume but reduced TLCO and that this reduction appeared to be due to a reduction in capillary blood volume.
Abstract 12529: Effect of 1-Shock Protocol for Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest due to Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Tsukasa Yagi, Ken Nagao, Eizo Tachibana, Kei Nishikawa, Naohiro Yonemoto, Shinichi Shirai, Morimasa Takayama, Hiroshi Nonogi, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The 2005 guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with electrical therapy recommended a single shock plus an immediate 2 minutes of CPR instead of 3-shock sequences recommende...
Optimal drug dosage regimens in cancer chemotherapy with neural networks
Authors: A. G. Floares, C. Floares, M. Cucu, M. Marian, L. Lazar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2134 Background: An important problem in cancer chemotherapy is the design of drug dosage regimens such that at the end of treatment, the tumor burden is minimized, and the benefits are balanced against the toxic effects. We propose an approach based on neural networks (NN) control to optimize chemotherapy regimens. Methods: The tumor growth and the effect of chemotherapy are modeled by a modified Gompertz differential equation. The drugs' pharmacokinetic is modeled by differential equations composed by delivery and elimination rates. We impose constraints on the drugs' dose size and on the cumulative drugs' effect - AUC. The tumor size is forced to reduce by at least 50% at the end of every 3 weeks, as the probability of emergence of drug resistant cells is supposed to increases with the mutation rate and the size of the tumor. The task of the NN is to compute the optimal dosage regimens necessary to attain the mathematically formulated therapeutic goal satisfying all the constraints. Results: The therapeutic objective was attained with high precision (error ∼ 10-5) and the toxicity and drug resistance constraints were satisfied. Compared to other conventional or artificial intelligence approaches reported for single-drug treatment, the NN control produced the best results – percentage differences between 4.10% and 7.62%. Combination chemotherapy regimens computed by the NN, with drugs from different classes and non-overlapping toxicities, increase cell kill, as expected. Often reported optimal dosage regimens have unrealistic times of administration, inter-dose intervals and dose's sizes - no clinical relevance. To overcome this major impediment, we do not consider directly the input computed by the NN as the optimal regimen. Taking into account the concept of dose intensity and using simple formulas, the optimal dose intensity can be derived. Optimal dose intensity allows calculation of clinically applicable optimal dosage regimen. Conclusions: Our approach is simple and capable to effectively solve complex chemotherapy problems in a realistic manner. On-going work includes applications to specific cancers and drugs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Mood changes in an alcoholism treatment program based on drinking decisions
Authors: A I Alterman, E Gottheil, H D Crawford
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors compared the amount of discomfort experienced by 18 alcoholic men who chose to drink and 43 alcoholic men who abstained from drinking during a 6-week treatment and research program. They found that the discomfort of the drinkers increased but that the discomfort of the abstainers decreased. The increase in the drinkers' discomfort appeared to be more related to their having to make a decision about drinking than to the amount of alcohol actually consumed. This finding emphasizes the importance of the role played by environment in affecting the mood state of drinking alcoholics.
Toxicity of older and younger patients (pts) treated (Rx) with intensive adjuvant chemotherapy (Cx) for node-positive (N+) breast cancer (BC): The CALGB experience
Authors: H. Muss, D. Berry, C. Cirrincione, D. Budman, I. Henderson, M. Citron, L. Norton, E. Winer, C. Hudis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

559 Background: Recent data show older pts derive the same relapse-free and survival benefits as younger pts when treated with newer more intense adjuvant ADJ Cx regimens (Jama 293:1073, 2005). We now compare toxicity of older and younger pts treated in 3 CALGB ADJ trials that used recently developed, intensive Cx regimens including anthracyclines and paclitaxel (T). Methods: Toxicity data were available for 6174 of 6642 pts (93%) enrolled in 3 CALGB/CTSU randomized clinical trials for N+ BC [8541: comparison of CAF in 3 dose schedules; 9344: AC ± T; 9741: ATC dose-dense vs q3 weeks]. Grade (G) 3–5 (NCI criteria) toxicities were compared by age at enrollment (&lt;50, 51–64, 65+). Results: 7% (458) pts were 65+, 3% were 70+, 38% were 51–64 and 55% were &lt;50 years. Incidence of major toxicities and Cx-attributed causes of death are tabulated below. Discontinuation of Cx for toxicity was reported in 6% of 65+, 4% of 51–64 and 3% of &lt;50 pts. 22 of 6642 pts (0.33%) died of causes attributed to Cx; 7/486 (1.4%) of 65+, 8/2480 (0.32%) of 51–64 and 7/3676 (0.19%) &lt;50. In multivariate analysis older pts were significantly more likely to have WBC &lt; 1000/cmm, any G4 hematologic toxicity, or to have discontinued Cx. There were no significant differences in G3–5 non-hematologic toxicity and no deaths due to neutropenia and sepsis.The incidence of AML/MDS due to Cx significantly increased with increasing age. Conclusions: Older pts who met the strict eligibility criteria for these trials had a higher incidence of Cx-related AML/MDS but not non-hematologic toxicity. It is uncertain if cardiac deaths attributed to Cx are definitely due to treatment. Except for AML/MDS, 5-year non-BC mortality, including Cx-attributed death, is similar in elders to age-adjusted rates in the normal population. Elders treated with intense but more effective ADJ regimens should be cautioned concerning the increased risks of AML/MDS. Physicians should help elders weigh the risks and benefits of ADJ treatment. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]