tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nationwide Survey of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes and Prediabetes in Bangladeshi Adults
Authors: Shamima Akter, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Sarah Krull Abe, Papia Sultana
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Diabetes is a major noncommunicable disease, ranking as a leading cause of death and disability worldwide (1). Globally, the prevalence of diabetes is ∼8%, and nearly 80% of patients with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries (2). Like many developing countries, prevalence of diabetes in Bangladesh increased substantially from 4% in 1990 to 10% in 2011 and is projected to reach 13% by 2030 (3,4). Despite this heavy burden, currently there are no epidemiologic studies in Bangladesh that investigate prevalence of diabetes and risk factors using nationally representative data. Therefore, we estimated the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and identified associated risk factors using Bangladesh nationwide survey data by multilevel logistic regression models.

Our analysis was based on the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Data were available as of February 2013, including 8,835 residents (4,524 men and 4,311 women) aged …
Apollo: a sequence annotation editor
Authors: SE Lewis, SMJ Searle, N Harris, M Gibson, V Iyer, J Richter, C Wiel, L Bayraktaroglu, E Birney, MA Crosby, JS Kaminker, BB Matthews, SE Prochnik, CD Smith, JL Tupy, GM Rubin, S Misra, CJ Mungall, ME Clamp
Journal: Genome biology (2002)
Facilitated PCI in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Stephen G. Ellis, Michal Tendera, Mark A. de Belder, Ad J. van Boven, Petr Widimsky, Luc Janssens, H.R. Andersen, Amadeo Betriu, Stefano Savonitto, Jerzy Adamus, Jan Z. Peruga, Maciej Kosmider, Olivier Katz, Thomas Neunteufl, Julia Jorgova, Maria Dorobantu, Liliana Grinfeld, Paul Armstrong, Bruce R. Brodie, Howard C. Herrmann, Gilles Montalescot, Franz-Josef Neumann, Mark B. Effron, Elliot S. Barnathan, Eric J. Topol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

We hypothesized that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) preceded by early treatment with abciximab plus half-dose reteplase (combination-facilitated PCI) or with abciximab alone (abciximab-facilitated PCI) would improve outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, as compared with abciximab administered immediately before the procedure (primary PCI).In this international, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we randomly assigned patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who presented 6 hours or less after the onset of symptoms to receive combination-facilitated PCI, abciximab-facilitated PCI, or primary PCI. All patients received unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin before PCI and a 12-hour infusion of abciximab after PCI. The primary end point was the composite of death from all causes, ventricular fibrillation occurring more than 48 hours after randomization, cardiogenic shock, and congestive heart failure during the first 90 days after randomization.A total of 2452 patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group. Significantly more patients had early ST-segment resolution with combination-facilitated PCI (43.9%) than with abciximab-facilitated PCI (33.1%) or primary PCI (31.0%; P=0.01 and P=0.003, respectively). The primary end point occurred in 9.8%, 10.5%, and 10.7% of the patients in the combination-facilitated PCI group, abciximab-facilitated PCI group, and primary-PCI group, respectively (P=0.55); 90-day mortality rates were 5.2%, 5.5%, and 4.5%, respectively (P=0.49).Neither facilitation of PCI with reteplase plus abciximab nor facilitation with abciximab alone significantly improved the clinical outcomes, as compared with abciximab given at the time of PCI, in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00046228 [ClinicalTrials.gov].)
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation Complicating Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes”
Authors: Jonathan P. Piccini, Jennifer A. White, Rajendra H. Mehta, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Pierluigi Tricoci, Robert M. Califf, Robert A. Harrington, L. Kristin Newby, Charles V. Pollack, Gilles Montalescot, Frans Van de Werf, C. Michael Gibson, Robert P. Giugliano
Journal: Circulation (2013)
No safe harbor.
Authors: W C Holton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Fo IcusMost harbors in the world suffer from the constant accumulation of sediment washed into shipping channels from inland sources or rearranged on the harbor floor.This constant threat of sediment accumulation challenges commercial viability, especially as ever-larger oceangoing ves- sels require deeper channels to reach dock.As a matter of course, dredging is used to maintain existing channels and create new ones.The cost of dredging to remove the sediment is high, but the example of now- landlocked Bruges, Belgium-once a pros- perous 14th-century port city whose city fathers chose not to dredge-is a sobering reminder of the consequences of ignoring sediment accumulation.Sediment containing potentially haz- ardous amounts of chemical, organic, and metal contamination was not regarded as an environmental health concern until the 1970s, when a new awareness prompted measures that have since severely limited the ability to dispose of the material in the traditional and least expensive manner-by dumping it in the ocean.Because so much of world trade must pass through harbors, and because cost-effective alternatives to ocean dumping are limited, the world's largest trading ports such as New York/New Jersey and Rotterdam, Nether- lands, have been forced to address the con- taminated sediment problem in new ways and on a scale never before required.In March 1997, the National Research Council (NRC), in its document Contamin- ated Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Ceanup Strags and Technolgies, estimated that in the United States, approximately 14-28 million cubic yards of contaminated sediments-approximately 5-10% of all sediments dredged-must be managed in some way each year.According to the report, the primary reasons for managing this sediment are to identify and dean up threats to public health and wildlife, and to meet water and environmental quality stan- dards.It also is vital, says the report, to ame- liorate dredging controversies, particularly concerning the designation of disposal sites for contaminated dredged material.Harbor sediment contamination is generally in the form of chemicals that sorb to fine-grained particles, although organic materials and metals are also a problem.These chemicals include trace metals and hydrophobic organics such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).Concentration is often diffuse but can be
Alterations in Brain Structures Related to Taste Reward Circuitry in Ill and Recovered Anorexia Nervosa and in Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Guido K. Frank, Megan E. Shott, Jennifer O. Hagman, Vijay A. Mittal
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

The pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa remains obscure, but structural brain alterations could be functionally important biomarkers. The authors assessed taste pleasantness and reward sensitivity in relation to brain structure, which may be related to food avoidance commonly seen in eating disorders.The authors used structural MR imaging to study gray and white matter volumes in women with current restricting-type anorexia nervosa (N=19), women recovered from restricting-type anorexia nervosa (N=24), women with bulimia nervosa (N=19), and healthy comparison women (N=24).All eating disorder groups exhibited increased gray matter volume of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (gyrus rectus). Manual tracing confirmed larger gyrus rectus volume, and volume predicted taste pleasantness ratings across all groups. Analyses also indicated other morphological differences between diagnostic categories. Antero-ventral insula gray matter volumes were increased on the right side in the anorexia nervosa and recovered anorexia nervosa groups and on the left side in the bulimia nervosa group relative to the healthy comparison group. Dorsal striatum volumes were reduced in the recovered anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa groups and predicted sensitivity to reward in all three eating disorder groups. The eating disorder groups also showed reduced white matter in right temporal and parietal areas relative to the healthy comparison group. The results held when a range of covariates, such as age, depression, anxiety, and medications, were controlled for.Brain structure in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and striatum is altered in eating disorders and suggests altered brain circuitry that has been associated with taste pleasantness and reward value.
Reduction in Vascular Lesion Formation by Hirudin Secreted From Retrovirus-Transduced Confluent Endothelial Cells on Vascular Grafts in Baboons
Authors: Anders Lundell, Andrew B. Kelly, Johanna Anderson, Monique Marijianowski, Jeffrey J. Rade, Stephen R. Hanson, Laurence A. Harker
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The hypothesis that thrombin mediates the formation of neointimal vascular lesions at sites of mechanical vascular injury has been tested in baboons by measurement of the effects of hirudin delivered by retrovirus-transduced hirudin-secreting vascular endothelial cells (ECs) lining surgically implanted arterial vascular grafts (AVGs). Methods and Results —The antithrombotic efficacy of baboon ECs transduced with cDNA encoding hirudin was assessed in vitro and in vivo on thrombogenic segments in chronically exteriorized femoral arteriovenous (AV) shunts. Bilateral brachial AVGs lined with hirudin-transduced versus nonhirudin control ECs at confluent density were surgically implanted, and vascular lesion formations at distal graft-vessel anastomoses were compared after 30 days. Hirudin-transduced ECs secreted 20±6 ng · 10 6 cells −1 · 24 h −1 (range, 14 to 24 ng · 10 6 cells −1 · 24 h −1 ) hirudin in supernatants of static cultures. Hirudin-secreting ECs on segments of collagen-coated graft interposed in chronic AV shunts decreased the accumulation of 111 In-labeled platelets to 0.52±0.34×10 9 platelets, compared with 0.82±0.49×10 9 platelets in controls ( P =0.03) and reduced platelet deposition in propagated thrombotic tails extending downstream from segments of vascular graft from 1.38±0.41×10 9 platelets in controls to 0.59±0.22×10 9 platelets ( P =0.04). ECs recovered from 30-day AVG implants generated 17±9 ng · 10 6 cells −1 · 24 h −1 (range, 9 to 25 ng · 10 6 cells −1 · 24 h −1 ) hirudin. Hirudin-secreting ECs reduced neointimal lesion formation at distal graft-vessel anastomoses, ie, 1.02 mm 2 (range, 0.88 to 1.95 mm 2 ) versus 1.82 mm 2 (range, 0.88 to 2.56 mm 2 ) in contralateral AVGs bearing nonhirudin control ECs ( P &lt;0.01). Conclusions —Viral vector–directed secretion of hirudin from ECs lining implanted AVGs significantly reduces the formation of thrombus and neointimal vascular lesions.
Bis-indols: a novel class of molecules enhancing the cytodifferentiating properties of retinoids in myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Claudio Pisano, Peter Kollar, Maurizio Giannı́, Yesim Kalac, Vincenzo Giordano, Fabiana Fosca Ferrara, Richard Tancredi, Antonio Devoto, Alessandra Rinaldi, Alessandro Rambaldi, Sergio Penco, Mauro Marzi, Giampiero Moretti, Loredana Vesci, Ornella Tinti, Paolo Carminati, Mineko Terao, Enrico Garattini
Journal: Blood (2002)
Stories in TV drama series about psychiatry were researched in detail
Authors: R. Steel
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Persaud complains that Channel 4's drama series Psychos “does not hit a realistic note”; he goes on to comment that “the respect accorded to the senior doctors made me wonder where in the NHS the series had been researched.”1 As a psychiatric “consultant” to Psychos I know that the writer of the series shadowed several psychiatrists, including one working in …
Effect of age on long-term heart rate variability
Authors: V K Yeragani, E Sobolewski, J Kay, V C Jampala, G Igel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Previous studies on short-term time series of heart rage suggest an inverse relationship between age and spectral powers of heart rate variability in various frequency bands. In this study, we examined the relationship between age (6-61 years) and long-term heart rate variability.We obtained 24-h Holter ECG in 33 healthy human subjects (11 children and 22 adults). The heart rate data were analyzed by using spectral analysis and fractal dimensions of the time series.We found a significant negative correlation between age and very low frequency (VLF, 0.0033-0.04 Hz), low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.5 Hz) powers and fractal dimensions during awake as well as sleep periods, and a positive correlation between age and LF/HF ratios. Age and ultra-low frequency (ULF, < 0.0033 Hz) were modestly and negatively correlated only during the awake period.Sleep ULF power is not significantly affected by age, whereas VLF, LF and HF powers and fractal dimensions of heart rate significantly decrease with age during awake as well as sleep periods.
Frequency and Practice-Level Variation in Inappropriate Aspirin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ravi S. Hira, Kevin Kennedy, Vijay Nambi, Hani Jneid, Mahboob Alam, Sukhdeep S. Basra, P. Michael Ho, Anita Deswal, Christie M. Ballantyne, Laura A. Petersen, Salim S. Virani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 933: Modeling acquired resistance to EGFR-directed therapies in mouse models of lung cancer.
Authors: Valentina Pirazzoli, Elisa de Stanchina, Jungfeng Xia, Zhongming Zhao, William Pao, Katerina A. Politi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Seventy percent of patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutant lung cancer respond to treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) erlotinib or gefitinib. Despite this high response rate, patients almost inevitably develop resistance to these drugs on average within a year of starting drug treatment. Acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs is most commonly due to the emergence of a secondary mutation (T790M) in EGFR (in 50% of cases), amplification of the genes encoding the ERBB2 and MET receptor tyrosine kinases in 12 and 5% of cases, respectively, and phenotypic transformation of the adenocarcinomas to small cell lung cancer (5% of cases). Previously, in an effort to develop strategies to overcome T790M-mediated resistance, we generated tetracycline-inducible transgenic mice that express the EGFRL858R+T790M in the lung epithelium. Upon administration of doxycycline these mice develop lung adenocarcinomas that are resistant to TKIs. However, the combination of the irreversible TKI afatinib and the EGFR antibody cetuximab showed dramatic responses in these transgenic mice. These preclinical studies led to a clinical trial of these agents, which has showing a promising 30% response rate in patients with EGFR mutant tumors resistant to TKIs. However, tumors also acquire resistance to this drug combination and the mechanisms of resistance to afatinib+cetuximab are currently unknown. We set out to identify these mechanisms using xenograft and transgenic mouse models of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Transgenic mice with EGFRL858R+T790M-induced tumors were treated with afatinib+cetuximab using an intermittent dosing strategy that we had previously used to generate erlotinib-resistant tumors in mice with EGFRL858R and EGFRDEL-induced tumors. 75% of mice develop afatinib+cetuximab resistant tumors after three month-long rounds of treatment. The same treatment strategy applied to xenografts harboring subcutaneous tumors induced by EGFRDEL+T790M gave rise to resistant tumors in 20% of cases. Analysis of the afatinib+cetuximab resistant tumors performed to date has not revealed additional mutations in the EGFR transgene, the ERBB2 kinase domain or KRAS. Additional sequencing studies and examination of signaling pathway alterations in the resistant tumors are ongoing. Uncovering mechanisms of resistance to this drug combination will allow the development of strategies to treat tumors that acquire resistance to EGFR-directed therapies. Citation Format: Valentina Pirazzoli, Elisa de Stanchina, Jungfeng Xia, Zhongming Zhao, William Pao, Katerina A. Politi. Modeling acquired resistance to EGFR-directed therapies in mouse models of lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 933. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-933
Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170 000 participants in 26 randomised trials
Authors: C Baigent, L Blackwell, J Emberson, L E Holland, C Reith, N Bhala, R Peto, E H Barnes, A Keech, J Simes, R Collins
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
Two Cases of Paralysis of the Portio Dura of the Seventh Pair of Nerves; with Observations on the Effects of Tobacco-Smoking
Authors: J. H. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1845)

TOBACCO-SMOKING. not previously suffered fromn the diseae, would not have been very clearly developed.Pain over the kidneys, especially when occurring about imiddle age in patients of a cachectic habit of body, becomes frequer.tly a very important diagnostic symptom.It is at this age, that the kidney is rendereJ exceedingly prone to congestion, and if this condition be not early detected, and proper treatment, with warm clothing and a carefully regulated diet, adopted, the functions of this organ often become either seriously perverted, or the viscus itself taking on the form of cachectic degeneration, the remainder of the patient's life is rendered one of constant discomfort, if it be not muore speedily terminated by direct disease.
Mechanism of Ca++ antagonist-induced vasodilation. Intracellular actions.
Authors: K Saida, C van Breemen
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

We studied the effects of Ca++ antagonists on intact and skinned muscles of rabbit mesenteric artery. Intact muscle contractions were inhibited by 10(-6) M diltiazem, whereas greater levels were required to abolish contractions in skinned muscle fibers. In contrast, nisoldipine had no effect on skinned muscle contractions, although it inhibited, almost completely, the contraction of intact muscle at concentrations below 10(-6) M. In the presence of EGTA, norepinephrine-induced contractions result from a release of Ca++ from an intracellular store. Diltiazem inhibited these contractions at concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-4) M. Higher doses were required in studies with skinned muscle preparations. Unlike diltiazem, nisoldipine only partially inhibited the Ca++-free norepinephrine-induced contractions in the range of 10(-7) to 10(-5) M. From these results, we assumed that at low concentrations (below 10(-6) M), diltiazem induced relaxation by blocking Ca++ influx, whereas at relatively high concentrations (above 10(-6) M), an inhibition of Ca++ release from an intracellular store also occurred. A similar conclusion was reached regarding the mechanism whereby nisoldipine inhibits force developments.
Psychiatric Effects of Ephedra Use: An Analysis of Food and Drug Administration Reports of Adverse Events
Authors: Margaret Maglione, Karen Miotto, Martin Iguchi, Lara Jungvig, Sally C Morton, Paul G Shekelle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

As part of a synthesis of evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of ephedra, the authors describe data on psychiatric adverse events from reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).The authors reviewed all 1,820 adverse event reports related to dietary supplements containing herbal ephedra from FDA MedWatch files as of Sept. 30, 2001. Fifty-seven serious psychiatric events were reported.The most commonly reported events were psychosis, severe depression, mania or agitation, hallucinations, sleep disturbance, and suicidal ideation. Ten events involved physical harm to self or others; five events resulted in legal action due to criminal behavior. Twenty-six events resulted in hospitalization, at least six of which were involuntary. Of importance, two-thirds of all cases involved patients with preexisting psychiatric conditions and /or use of other medications or illicit substances.Clinicians should be aware that serious psychiatric symptoms could be associated with ephedra use.
Altered bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus in tuberculous bronchoalveolar lavage fluids
Authors: P Selvaraj, N Venkataprasad, VK Vijayan, PR Narayanan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

We wished to evaluate the pulmonary defence capacity against common bacterial infections in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (cell-free supernatants) of patients with active (n = 13) and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 8), and normal individuals (n = 6), were studied. The 2 and 4 h bactericidal activities were higher than the 0 h activity in lavage fluids of healthy subjects and patients with inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. Active tuberculous lavage fluids were equally competent in their bactericidal activity against S. aureus at 0 and 2 h, but a reduced S. aureus killing was seen at 4 h of incubation. Estimation of total phospholipid levels revealed no significant difference between the various lavage fluids. This reduced killing of S. aureus showed a relationship with the cellular components (lymphocytes and macrophages) of active tuberculous lavage fluids. A reduced killing was associated with no lymphocytic alveolitis, and an increased killing with lymphocytic alveolitis. This study suggests that alveolar lining material of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis has less bactericidal activity against bacterial infections, such as S. aureus.
Athletes' leg pains.
Authors: S. Orava, J. Puranen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1979)

The frequency and nature of exertion pains of the leg in athletes were studied in 2,750 cases of overuse injuries treated at the Sports Clinic of the Deaconess Institute of Oulu, Finland, during the years 1972-1977. 465 cases of exertion pain (18%) were located in the shin. The medial tibial syndrome was the most common overuse injury among these athletes, comprising 9.5% of all exertion injuries and 60% of the leg exertion pains. Together with stress fracture of the tibia, the second most common exertion pain of the leg, it accounted for 75% of the total leg pains. There are certain difficulties in differentiating between the medial tibial syndrome and stress fracture of the tibia. They both occur at the same site with similar symptoms. Radiological examination and isotope scanning are needed. The medial tibial syndrome is an overuse injury at the medial tibial border caused by running exercises. The pain is elicited by exertional ischaemia. The pathogenesis is explained by increased pressure in the fascial compartment of the deep flexor muscles due to prolonged exercise. Similar chronic ischaemic pains from exercise are also found in other fascial compartments of the leg, especially in the anterior compartment. The only treatment needed for stress fractures is rest from training. Fascial compartment pains also usually subside. If chronic fascial syndromes prevent training, fasciotomy is recommended as a reliable method to restore the athlete to normal training without pains.