tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clothing-Borne Epidemic
Authors: Merritt C. Warren
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Six children in Fresno, Calif., were poisoned by wearing unwashed jeans that had been contaminated by an organic phosphate insecticide (Phosdrin) while in shipment 8 mo earlier. Two cases are presented in detail. These had positive urine sugar tests and leukocytosis. The diagnosis was confirmed in each case by cholinesterase determinations and by the response to therapy which included atropine and pralidoxime chloride. Prompt action by the public health department resulted in recovery of the rest of the contaminated shipment even though they had all been sold to an unsuspecting public.
THE RELATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY TO COMPOSITION AND TOTAL SOLIDS IN NORMAL HUMAN URINE 1
Authors: J. Waide Price, Max Miller, J. M. Hayman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1940)

Specific gravity factorsValues to be added to the specific gravity of water at 20 200 (0.99823) to give the specific gravity at 2 of a 100 milli- equivalent (or milli-molar) solution of the principal solutes found in urine.Incrmet per Increment per 100 mEq.per liter 100 mM. per liter Cl S04 HiPO4 H1P04 HCQs C,H% E Ce Urea Na 0.
Phosphorylated ERα, HIF-1α, and MAPK Signaling As Predictors of Primary Endocrine Treatment Response and Resistance in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Daniele Generali, Francesca M. Buffa, Alfredo Berruti, Maria P. Brizzi, Leticia Campo, Simone Bonardi, Alessandra Bersiga, Giovanni Allevi, Manuela Milani, Sergio Aguggini, Mauro Papotti, Luigi Dogliotti, Alberto Bottini, Adrian L. Harris, Stephen B. Fox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

We aimed to identify signaling pathways involved in the response and resistance to aromatase inhibitor therapy in patients with breast cancer.One hundred fourteen women with T2-4 N0-1, estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-positive tumors were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant letrozole or letrozole plus metronomic cyclophosphamide. Twenty-four tumor proteins involved in apoptosis, cell survival, hypoxia, angiogenesis, growth factor, and hormone signaling were assessed by immunohistochemistry in pretreatment samples (eg, caspase 3, phospho- mammalian target of rapamycin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha [HIF-1alpha], vascular endothelial growth factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK], phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor, phosphorylated ERalpha [pERalpha]). A multivariate generalized linear regression approach was applied using a penalized least-square minimization to perform variable selection and regularization. Ten-fold cross-validation and iterative leave-one-out were employed to validate and test the model, respectively. Tumor size, nodal status, age, tumor grade, histological type, and treatment were included in the analysis.Ninety-one patients (81%) attained a disease response, 48 achieved a complete clinical response (43%) whereas 22 did not respond (19%). Increased pERalpha and decreased p44/42 MAPK were significant factors for complete response to treatment in all leave-one-out iterations. Increased p44/42 MAPK and HIF-1alpha were significant factors for treatment resistance in all leave-one-out iterations. There was no significant interaction between these variables and treatment.Activated ERalpha form was an independent factor for sensitivity to chemoendocrine treatment, whereas HIF-1alpha and p44/42 MAPK were independent factors for resistance. Although further confirmatory analyses are needed, these findings have clear potential implications for future strategies in the management of clinical trials with aromatase inhibitors in the breast cancer.
Role of the Thymus in Transplantation Tolerance in Miniature Swine. I. Requirement of the Thymus for Rapid and Stable Induction of Tolerance to Class I–mismatched Renal Allografts
Authors: Kazuhiko Yamada, Pierre R. Gianello, Francesco L. Ierino, Thomas Lorf, Akira Shimizu, Shane Meehan, Robert B. Colvin, David H. Sachs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

The almost uniform failure in transplant patients of tolerance-inducing regimens that have been found to be effective in rodents, has made it necessary to examine large animal models before testing of new approaches clinically. Miniature swine have been shown to share many relevant immunologic parameters with humans, and because of their reproducible genetics, have proved extremely useful in providing such a large animal model. We have previously shown that indefinite systemic tolerance to renal allografts in miniature swine is induced in 100% of cases across a two-haplotype class I plus minor histocompatibility antigen disparity by a 12-d course of Cyclosporine A (CyA), in contrast to irreversible rejection observed uniformly without CyA treatment. In the present study, we have examined the role of the thymus during the induction of tolerance by performing a complete thymectomy 21 d before renal transplantation. This analysis demonstrated a striking difference between thymectomized and nonthymectomized animals. Thymectomized swine developed acute cellular rejection characterized by a T cell (CD25+) infiltrate, tubulitis, endothelialitis and glomerulitis, and anti–donor CTL reactivity in vitro. Nonthymectomized and sham thymectomized animals had a mild T cell infiltrate with few CD25+ cells and no anti–donor CTL response in vitro. These results indicate that the thymus is required for rapid and stable induction of tolerance.
International Union of Pharmacology. LXII. The NR1H and NR1I Receptors: Constitutive Androstane Receptor, Pregnene X Receptor, Farnesoid X Receptor α, Farnesoid X Receptor β, Liver X Receptor α, Liver X Receptor β, and Vitamin D Receptor
Authors: David D. Moore, Shigeaki Kato, Wen Xie, David J. Mangelsdorf, Daniel R. Schmidt, Rui Xiao, Steven A. Kliewer
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2006)

The nuclear receptors of the NR1H and NR1I subgroups include the constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, farnesoid X receptors, liver X receptors, and vitamin D receptor. The newly emerging functions of these related receptors are under the control of metabolic pathways, including metabolism of xenobiotics, bile acids, cholesterol, and calcium. This review summarizes results of structural, pharmacologic, and genetic studies of these receptors.
(6) Ulcerative colitis, systemic sclerosis and necrobiosis
Authors: H.J. Wallace
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article (6) Ulcerative colitis, systemic sclerosis and necrobiosis Get access H.J. Wallace H.J. Wallace St Thomas'Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Pages 45–46, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12509.x Published: 01 July 1974
A Genome-wide Screen Identifies PAPP-AA-Mediated IGFR Signaling as a Novel Regulator of Habituation Learning
Authors: Marc A. Wolman, Roshan A. Jain, Kurt C. Marsden, Hannah Bell, Julianne Skinner, Katharina E. Hayer, John B. Hogenesch, Michael Granato
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma platys, Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii and Babesia canis vogeli in ticks from Israel
Authors: S. Harrus, A. Perlman-Avrahami, K.Y. Mumcuoglu, D. Morick, O. Eyal, G. Baneth
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Bioterrorism: the lung under attack
Authors: R M Maynard
Journal: Thorax (2004)

A further step in the process of developing better service and standards of care for patients with COPD T he full version of the new NICE guidelines on the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is published as a supplement to this issue of Thorax. 1 These guidelines have been developed for the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) by the National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (NCC-CC) based at the Royal College of Physicians, London with the involvement of
Understanding of Weil's disease among canoeists.
Authors: R Philipp, C King, A Hughes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

Although the risks of contracting Weil's disease in the UK are small, it can be a serious illness. Recently the disease has attracted public interest. This interest has prompted confusion and anxiety among recreational water user groups such as canoeists who had not previously seen themselves as being particularly at risk. In this paper, the experience of symptoms associated with Weil's disease among canoeists, their understanding and perceptions of the disease, and their compliance with preventive advice on the British Canoe Union (BCU) warning card, have been studied. Gaps in understanding and of adherence to preventive advice were identified. Accordingly, it was concluded that health education for canoeists could be improved. Consideration is being given by the BCU to the value of preparing a canoeist instructors' training pack.
Extracranial Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Ralph L. Sacco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

A 64-year-old man with a history of smoking and hypercholesterolemia has a sudden, transient loss of vision in his left eye. The results of the physical examination are normal except for a bruit in the left side of the neck. High-resolution carotid ultrasonography demonstrates stenosis of 60 to 79 percent in the left carotid artery that is confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography. How should this patient be treated?
Spontaneous and iatrogenic spreading of liver-derived cells into peripheral blood of patients with primary liver cancer
Authors: M Louha, K Poussin, N Ganne, H Zylberberg, B Nalpas, J Nicolet, F Capron, O Soubrane, C Vons, S Pol, M Beaugrand, P Berthelot, D Franco, J C Trinchet, C Brechot, P Paterlini
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The prognosis for patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) often depends on tumor recurrence and the development of extrahepatic metastases, particularly after liver transplantation. We have developed a sensitive test to detect both spontaneous circulation of tumor cells and the spread of liver cells due to chemoembolization and alcoholization. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to search for cells expressing α-fetoprotein (AFP) messenger RNA in the peripheral blood of 84 patients with PLC and 102 controls (55 patients with chronic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis, 10 patients with benign liver tumors or liver metastases from intestinal cancers, and 37 healthy individuals). By spiking the blood of healthy volunteers with HepG2 cells, we assessed the sensitivity limit: one HepG2 cell mixed with 10 7 leukocytes. All 102 controls tested negative. In contrast, 28 patients (33.3%) with PLC tested positive. Positivity for the test was significantly associated with portal thrombosis, tumor size, intravascular tumor emboli, serum AFP level, and extrahepatic metastases. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 39 ± 51 weeks: the probability of developing extrahepatic metastases was significantly higher in positive than in negative patients. Eighteen negative patients with PLC were tested before, 1 hour after, and 24 hours after locoregional therapy: 9 tested positive either 1 or 24 hours after alcoholization or chemoembolization. In conclusion, we have developed a highly specific and sensitive test to detect circulating tumor cells in patients with PLC. This test is likely to be clinically useful in evaluating the risk of developing extrahepatic metastases and the possibility of iatrogenic spreading of liver-derived, possibly tumorous, cells.
Production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response to TNP-ficoll. I. Occurrence in AKR/J and BALB/c mice of hapten-augmentable, anti-TNP plaque-forming cells and their accelerated appearance in recipients of immune spleen cells
Authors: AF Schrater, EA Goidl, GJ Thorbecke, GW Siskind
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Attempts were made to elucidate the cause of the downward regulation of the splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in AKR/J and BALB/c mice between days 4 and 7 after a single intravenous injection of 2,4,6,trinitrophenyl- lys-Ficoll(TNP-F). AKR/J spleen cells, taken 7 d after injection of TNP-F, were transferred, together with TNP-F, into normal AKR/J mice. The day-3 or -4 PFC response of the recipients was much lower than that of recipients of normal cells. However, the suppression was only apparent because the presence of 10(-8)-10(-7) M 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-ε-amino-n-caproic acid (TNP- EACA) (or 10(-7)-10(-6) M 2,4,-dinitrophenyl-ε-amino-n-caproic acid) in the PFC assay caused a dramatic increase in observed PFC, averaging 298 percent on day 3 and 122 percent on day 4. Recipients of normal cells showed no such hapten-augmentable PFC. T-depleted immune spleen cells did not cause any apparent suppression of the response to TNP-F, but hapten-augmentable PFC in recipient spleens were again prevalent. Suppression of the PFC response, as well as hapten-augmentable PFC, were seen after transfer of immune serum. It was postulated that hapten augmentation of PFC was caused by displacement of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody from the surface of blocked antibody- synthesizing cells. Further studies showed that such hapten-augmentable PFC occurred in the spleens of a large percentage of both AKR/J and BALB/c mice examined after day 4 of the primary response to TNP-F. Thus, it was hypothesized that the downward regulation of the magnitude and, possibly, also of the heterogeneity of the splenic-PFC response was due to an auto-antibody response to one or more major idiotypes of the anti-TNP response.
Interaction between ERAP1 and HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis implicates peptide handling in the mechanism for HLA-B27 in disease susceptibility
Authors: David M Evans, Chris C A Spencer, Jennifer J Pointon, Zhan Su, David Harvey, Grazyna Kochan, Udo Oppermann, Alexander Dilthey, Matti Pirinen, Millicent A Stone, Louise Appleton, Loukas Moutsianas, Stephen Leslie, Tom Wordsworth, Tony J Kenna, Tugce Karaderi, Gethin P Thomas, Michael M Ward, Michael H Weisman, Claire Farrar, Linda A Bradbury, Patrick Danoy, Robert D Inman, Walter Maksymowych, Dafna Gladman, Proton Rahman, Ann Morgan, Helena Marzo-Ortega, Paul Bowness, Karl Gaffney, J S Hill Gaston, Malcolm Smith, Jacome Bruges-Armas, Ana-Rita Couto, Rosa Sorrentino, Fabiana Paladini, Manuel A Ferreira, Huji Xu, Yu Liu, Lei Jiang, Carlos Lopez-Larrea, Roberto Díaz-Peña, Antonio López-Vázquez, Tetyana Zayats, Gavin Band, Céline Bellenguez, Hannah Blackburn, Jenefer M Blackwell, Elvira Bramon, Suzannah J Bumpstead, Juan P Casas, Aiden Corvin, Nicholas Craddock, Panos Deloukas, Serge Dronov, Audrey Duncanson, Sarah Edkins, Colin Freeman, Matthew Gillman, Emma Gray, Rhian Gwilliam, Naomi Hammond, Sarah E Hunt, Janusz Jankowski, Alagurevathi Jayakumar, Cordelia Langford, Jennifer Liddle, Hugh S Markus, Christopher G Mathew, Owen T McCann, Mark I McCarthy, Colin N A Palmer, Leena Peltonen, Robert Plomin, Simon C Potter, Anna Rautanen, Radhi Ravindrarajah, Michelle Ricketts, Nilesh Samani, Stephen J Sawcer, Amy Strange, Richard C Trembath, Ananth C Viswanathan, Matthew Waller, Paul Weston, Pamela Whittaker, Sara Widaa, Nicholas W Wood, Gilean McVean, John D Reveille, B Paul Wordsworth, Matthew A Brown, Peter Donnelly
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA case–control study
Authors: Jaime E Hart, Henrik Källberg, Francine Laden, Tom Bellander, Karen H Costenbader, Marie Holmqvist, Lars Klareskog, Lars Alfredsson, Elizabeth W Karlson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Objective Environmental factors may play a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined whether long-term exposures to air pollution were associated with the risk of RA in the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Study. Methods We studied 1497 incident RA cases and 2536 controls. Local levels of particulate matter (PM 10 ) and gaseous pollutants (sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 )) from traffic and home heating were predicted for all residential addresses. We examined the association of an IQR increase (2 µg/m 3 for PM 10 , 8 µg/m 3 for SO 2 and 9 µg/m 3 for NO 2 ) in each pollutant at different time points before symptom onset and average exposure with the risk of all RA and the risk of the rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) RA phenotypes. Results There was no evidence of an increased risk of RA with PM 10 . Total RA risks were modestly elevated for the gaseous pollutants, but were not statistically significant after adjustment for smoking and education (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.43 and OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.19 for SO 2 and NO 2 in the 10th year before onset). Stronger elevated risks were observed for individuals with less than a university education and with the ACPA-negative RA phenotype. Conclusions No consistent overall associations between air pollution in the Stockholm area and the risk of RA were observed. However, there was a suggestion of increased risks of RA incidence with increases in NO 2 from local traffic and SO 2 from home heating sources with stronger associations for the ACPA-negative phenotype.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with a chromosome abnormality (46,XY,20q–) in all dividing myeloid cells: Evidence for clonal origin in a multipotent stem cell common to granulocyte, monocyte, erythrocyte, and thrombocyte
Authors: Tamiko Shinohara, Noriko Takuwa, Kazuhiro Morishita, Ryuji Ieki, Jun Yokota, Emiko Nakayama, Shigetaka Asano, Shiro Miwa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract In a typical case of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), a chromosome abnormality, 46, XY,20q‐, was observed in all the dividing cells including up to 16‐ploid cells in the bone marrow and the blood. As the mitotic figures could be easily seen not only in myelomonocytoid cells but also in erythroblasts in the bone marrow smear, it was concluded that all the cell lineages except lymphocytes had the abnormality. The present case will support the view that the leukemic process in CMML affects a multipotent stem cell rather than a granulocyte‐monocyte committed stem cell.
Liver ultrastructure in Gilbert's syndrome.
Authors: J O McGee, J G Allan, R I Russell, R S Patrick
Journal: Gut (1975)

Electron microscopy of hepatic tissue obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy from nine patients with Gilbert's syndrome has revealed in every case gross hypertrophy of hepatocyte agranular endoplasmic reticulum but no other important abnormality. While this may have relevance to impairment of microsomal enzyme activity controlling bilirubin conjugation within liver cells, the serum bilirubin levels in all nine patients were below that normally associated with demonstrable UDP-glucuronyl transferase deficiency. Gross hypertrophy of agranular endoplasmic reticulum may be, therefore, a constant feature of this form of Gilbert's syndrome and may have some diagnostic value in the investigation of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.
Angiotensin II induces endothelin-1 gene expression via extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in rat aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: H Hong
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Angiotensin II (Ang II) increases vascular endothelin-1 (ET-1) tissue levels, which in turn mediate a major part of Ang II-stimulated vascular growth and hypertension in vivo. Ang II also stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, whether ROS are involved in Ang II-induced ET-1 gene expression and the related intracellular mechanisms in vascular SMCs remains to be determined. Methods: Cultured rat aortic SMCs were stimulated with Ang II, [3H]thymidine incorporation and the ET-1 gene expression was examined. Antioxidants pretreatment on Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation were performed to elucidate the redox-sensitive pathway in proliferation and ET-1 gene expression. Results: Ang II-increased DNA synthesis was inhibited by AT1 receptor antagonist (olmesartan) and ETA receptor antagonist (BQ485). ET-1 gene was induced with Ang II as revealed by Northern blotting and promoter activity assay. Ang II-increased intracellular ROS levels were inhibited by olmesartan and antioxidants. Antioxidants suppressed Ang II-induced ET-1 gene expression and ERK phosphorylation. An ERK inhibitor U0126 fully inhibited Ang II-induced ET-1 expression. Co-transfection of dominant negative mutant of Ras, Raf and MEK1 attenuated the Ang II-increased ET-1 promoter activity, suggesting that the Ras-Raf-ERK pathway is required for Ang II-induced ET-1 gene. Truncation and mutational analysis of the ET-1 gene promoter showed that activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding site was an important cis-element in Ang II-induced ET-1 gene expression. Moreover, Ang II- or H2O2-induced AP-1 reporter activities were also inhibited by antioxidants. Conclusions: Our data suggest that ROS are involved in Ang II-induced proliferation and the redox-sensitive ERK pathway plays a role in ET-1 gene expression in rat aortic SMCs.
Five-Year Prevalence and Persistence of Disturbed Eating Behavior and Eating Disorders in Girls With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Patricia A. Colton, Marion P. Olmsted, Denis Daneman, Anne C. Rydall, Gary M. Rodin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Disturbed eating behavior (DEB), which includes subthreshold and full-syndrome eating disorders (EDs) as well as milder eating disturbances, is more common in girls and women with type 1 diabetes than in their nondiabetic peers (1,2). DEB is associated with poorer metabolic control (1,3) and increased hospitalizations and diabetes-related medical complications (4–7). At baseline of the present study, there were higher rates of DEB in girls with type 1 diabetes 9–13 years of age than in a nondiabetic control group (8 vs. 1%) (8), and baseline DEB persisted in one-half of individuals 1 year later (9). The current brief report summarizes data from baseline to 5-year follow-up.

See Colton et al. (8) for a description of methodology. Participants were classified as normal weight, overweight, or obese using the International Obesity Task Force cutoffs for children and adolescents (10), which extrapolate BMI values of 25 and 30 kg/m2 into the pediatric age range. Rates of DEB and ED were organized by age (in years) at the time of each assessment (Table 1). Point prevalence was calculated as all “cases” of DEB in participants of a particular age/total number assessed at that age. Similar calculations were carried out for point …
Age-related Defects in CD4 T Cell Cognate Helper Function Lead to Reductions in Humoral Responses
Authors: Sheri M. Eaton, Eve M. Burns, Kimberly Kusser, Troy D. Randall, Laura Haynes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

With increasing age, the ability to produce protective antibodies in response to immunization declines, leading to a reduced efficacy of vaccination in the elderly. To examine the effect of age on the cognate function of CD4 T cells, we have used a novel adoptive transfer model that allows us to compare identical numbers of antigen-specific naive T cells from young and aged TCR transgenic (Tg) donors. Upon transfer of aged donor CD4 T cells to young hosts, there was significantly reduced expansion and germinal center (GC) differentiation of the antigen-specific B cell population after immunization. This reduced cognate helper function was seen at all time points and over a wide range of donor cell numbers. In hosts receiving aged CD4 cells, there were also dramatically lower levels of antigen-specific IgG. These age-related defects were not due to defects in migration of the aged CD4 T cells, but may be attributable to reduced CD154 (CD40L) expression. Furthermore, we found that there was no difference in B cell expansion and differentiation or in IgG production when young CD4 T cells were transferred to young or aged hosts. Our results show that, in this model, age-related reductions in the cognate helper function of CD4 T cells contribute significantly to defects in humoral responses observed in aged individuals.