tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pneumothorax following valve treatment
Authors: Daniela Gompelmann, Felix J.F. Herth, Claus Peter Heussel, Hans Hoffmann, Hendrik Dienemann, Ralf Eberhardt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective:   Endoscopic valve implantation presents an effective treatment for patient with advanced emphysema. Particularly patients with low interlobar collateral ventilation benefit from valve therapy. Despite of the minimal-invasive procedure, valve placement is associated with risks, whereby pneumothorax is the most common adverse event.    Methods:   Retrospective analysis of the incidence, onset, duration and management of pneumothorax following valve treatment in patients treated from 01/2008 to 12/2013 in the Thoraxklinik Heidelberg.    Results  : From 01/2008 to 12/2013, 373 patients were treated by valves (217 x EBV (Pulmonx Inc., USA), 101 x IBV (Olympus Inc., Japan), 55 x EBV/IBV). 234 patients received valves on the left, 136 on the right and 3 patients were treated bilaterally. 67 patients (18%) experienced a pneumothorax. The incidence of pneumothorax at a rate of 21.8% following left-sided therapy was higher compared to 11.8% following right-sided treatment. 21.7% of pneumothoraces occurred following EBV placement, 17.8% following IBV placement. The median time to onset of pneumothorax was 1 day (0-125 days), however 44.2% of the patients developed a pneumothorax at day 3 or later. In 86.6% chest drainage was necessary. The mean duration of chest tube drainage was 9.5 days. Valve explantation was required in 43.9%. In 76.1% no further treatment was necessary, however in 23.9% surgical intervention (1 talc slurry, 13 VATS, 2 thoracotomies) was required.    Discussion:   Pneumothorax with an incidence of 18% is the most common complication following valve treatment. Therefore close monitoring following intervention is crucial. In the total patient population, chest drainage is required in 15.5%, further surgical intervention in 4%.
Inhibition of superoxide and nitric oxide release and protection from reoxygenation injury by ebselen in rat kupffer cells
Authors: Ji-Feng Wang, Pavel Komarov, Helmut Sies, Herbert de Groot
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Luminol chemiluminescence in phorbolesteractivated cultured rat liver Kupffer cells was strongly inhibited by the selenoorganic compound ebselen (IC 50 = 2 μmol/L). Ebselen (2–phenyl–1,2–benzisoselenazol–3[2H]one) also diminished reduction of ferricytochrome c (IC 50 = 10μmol/L), indicating a suppression of superoxide anion formation. Likewise, in lipopolysaccharide–pretreated Kupffer cells, ebselen proved to be a potent inhibitor of the conversion of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin (IC 50 = 3 μmol/L) as a measure of nitric oxide formation. The sulfurcontaining analog (2–phenyl–1,2–benzisothiazol–3[2H]one) and the ebselen derivative, methylselenobenzanilide, were inactive. These results indicate that ebselen is a potent inhibitor of NADPH oxidase in Kupffer cells, as has been reported for other macrophages and granulocytes. In addition, they suggest a novel characteristic of ebselen, namely very effective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase of macrophages. In line with its inhibitory effects on the release of reactive oxygen species by macrophages, complemented by its antioxidant properties, ebselen was potent in the prevention of reoxygenation injury of Kupffer cells (IC 50 ˜ 5 μmol/L). (Hepatology 1992;15:1112-1116).
Circadian change in bronchial responsiveness and airflow obstruction in asthmatic children.
Authors: W M van Aalderen, D S Postma, G H Koeter, K Knol
Journal: Thorax (1989)

To throw light on the question of whether the increase in bronchial responsiveness seen during the night is due to increased airflow obstruction, nine asthmatic children with increased airflow obstruction at night (group 1) were compared with nine without (group 2). The mean fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) between 16.00 and 04.00 hours was 21.9% in group 1 and 2.3% in group 2. Selection of patients was based on the amplitude of change in peak expiratory flow (PEF) measured every four hours for three consecutive days at home. The study was performed in hospital on four consecutive days. Medication was withheld for three days before and during the measurements at home and in hospital. On the first day in hospital (day 4) FEV1 was measured every four hours for 24 hours. On day 6 inhaled histamine provocation tests were performed at the same times as the FEV1 measurements on day 4. Both groups showed a nocturnal fall in the provocative dose of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20). The mean change in histamine PC20 from 16.00 to 04.00 hours was 1.1 doubling doses of histamine in group 1 and 1.5 doubling doses in group 2. The results indicate that the increase in nocturnal bronchial responsiveness that occurs at night is not due to an increase in airflow obstruction.
Early Postpartum Mood as a Risk Factor for Postnatal Depression in Nigerian Women
Authors: Abiodun O. Adewuya
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

This report explored early postpartum mood changes and their correlation with postnatal depression in African women.Scores on the Maternity Blues Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for 478 women on the fifth day postpartum were compared with the women's Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnosis at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum.The Maternity Blues Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores at day 5 postpartum were found to reliably predict the diagnosis of depression at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum.African women at risk of postnatal depression can be identified in the early postnatal period by incorporating simple screening methods.
Regulation of DNA Polymerase β by the LMP1 Oncoprotein of EBV through the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway
Authors: Nathalie Faumont, Christophe Le Clorennec, Pierre Teira, Gauthier Goormachtigh, Jean Coll, Yvan Canitrot, Christophe Cazaux, Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann, Pierre Brousset, Georges Delsol, Jean Feuillard, Fabienne Meggetto
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The repair DNA polymerase beta (Polbeta), when overexpressed, plays a critical role in generating genetic instability via its interference with the genomic replication program. Up-regulation of Polbeta has been reported in many tumor types that exhibit genetic aberrations, including EBV-related B-cell lymphomas. However, the mechanisms responsible for its overexpression have never been examined. Here, we report that both expression and activity of Polbeta, in EBV-immortalized B cells, are induced by several natural genetic variants of LMP1, an oncoprotein associated with the vast majority of EBV-related tumors. Conversely, we found that the expression of Polbeta decreased when LMP1 signaling was down-regulated by a dominant negative of LMP1 or an inhibitor of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway, the main transduction pathway activated by LMP1, strongly supporting a role of NF-kappaB in the LMP1-mediated Polbeta regulation. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments from several EBV-immortalized B-cell nuclear extracts, we identified an LMP1-dependent p50/c-Rel heterodimer on a proximal kappaB binding site (-211 to -199nt) of the Polbeta promoter. This result was correlated with a specific Polbeta kappaB transcriptional activity. Taken together, our data enlighten a new mechanism responsible for Polbeta overexpression in EBV-infected cells, mediated by LMP1 and dependent on NF-kappaB activation.
Prediction of Radiation Sensitivity Using a Gene Expression Classifier
Authors: Javier F. Torres-Roca, Steven Eschrich, Haiyan Zhao, Gregory Bloom, Jimmy Sung, Susan McCarthy, Alan B. Cantor, Anna Scuto, Changgong Li, Suming Zhang, Richard Jove, Timothy Yeatman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The development of a successful radiation sensitivity predictive assay has been a major goal of radiation biology for several decades. We have developed a radiation classifier that predicts the inherent radiosensitivity of tumor cell lines as measured by survival fraction at 2 Gy (SF2), based on gene expression profiles obtained from the literature. Our classifier correctly predicts the SF2 value in 22 of 35 cell lines from the National Cancer Institute panel of 60, a result significantly different from chance (P = 0.0002). In our approach, we treat radiation sensitivity as a continuous variable, significance analysis of microarrays is used for gene selection, and a multivariate linear regression model is used for radiosensitivity prediction. The gene selection step identified three novel genes (RbAp48, RGS19, and R5PIA) of which expression values are correlated with radiation sensitivity. Gene expression was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. To biologically validate our classifier, we transfected RbAp48 into three cancer cell lines (HS-578T, MALME-3M, and MDA-MB-231). RbAp48 overexpression induced radiosensitization (1.5- to 2-fold) when compared with mock-transfected cell lines. Furthermore, we show that HS-578T-RbAp48 overexpressors have a higher proportion of cells in G2-M (27% versus 5%), the radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle. Finally, RbAp48 overexpression is correlated with dephosphorylation of Akt, suggesting that RbAp48 may be exerting its effect by antagonizing the Ras pathway. The implications of our findings are significant. We establish that radiation sensitivity can be predicted based on gene expression profiles and we introduce a genomic approach to the identification of novel molecular markers of radiation sensitivity.
Skeletal Muscle Apoptosis and Weight Loss in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Alvar G. N. Agustí, Jaume Sauleda, Cristina Miralles, Cristina Gomez, Bernat Togores, Ernest Sala, Santiago Batle, Xavier Busquets
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often lose weight during the course of their disease. We hypothesized that this may be due to skeletal muscle apoptosis. To investigate this possibility, we obtained quadriceps femoris biopsies in 15 patients with COPD (8 with normal body mass index [BMI] and 7 with low [< 20 kg/m(2)] BMI), 8 healthy volunteers, and 6 sedentary subjects undergoing orthopedic surgery (both groups with normal BMI). Skeletal muscle apoptosis was assessed by the transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique and the immunodetection of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase proteolytic fragments. Exercise tolerance on a cycloergometer was also determined in patients with COPD. We found that skeletal muscle apoptosis (by both techniques) was increased in patients with COPD and low BMI as compared with the other three groups (p < 0.005). In patients with COPD, BMI was inversely related to skeletal muscle apoptosis (TUNEL, p = 0.009), and it was better correlated with exercise capacity (p = 0.006) than with the degree of airflow obstruction present (p = 0.02). Markers of skeletal muscle apoptosis were not related to any of the measured lung function variables. This study shows that skeletal muscle apoptosis (1) is increased in patients with COPD having low BMI; and (2) is associated with a lower exercise tolerance despite a similar degree of lung function impairment.
N region diversity of a transgenic substrate in fetal and adult lymphoid cells.
Authors: P Engler, E Klotz, U Storb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The rearrangement of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes requires the activity of an as yet undefined V(D)J recombinase. One component of the recombinase appears to be a terminal transferase which may be involved in the addition of untemplated nucleotides (N regions) to the V(D)J joints. It has been observed that rearranged Ig and TCR genes isolated from fetal liver have few if any N regions, whereas in the adult mouse, these genes have a large number of untemplated nucleotides. The presence of N regions greatly alters the composition of the third hypervariable, complementarity determining region of the respective proteins, thus playing a major role in the conformation of the binding site. It was possible that, for functional reasons, N region-containing Ig and TCR genes were not permissible at the fetal stage of development. We have produced transgenic mice with a rearrangement test gene which, after V-J recombination, does not result in the production of functional Ig or TCR proteins. We report here that the rearrangement products have no N regions in fetal liver, but that the majority of joints in adult lymphoid tissues have N additions. The study is also an interesting demonstration of the randomness of rearrangements and the enormous variability that can be created from a single pair of V and J sequences.
Overexpression of Natural Killer T Cells Protects Vα14-Jα281 Transgenic Nonobese Diabetic Mice against Diabetes
Authors: Agnès Lehuen, Olivier Lantz, Lucie Beaudoin, Véronique Laloux, Claude Carnaud, Albert Bendelac, Jean-François Bach, Renato C. Monteiro
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Progression to destructive insulitis in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is linked to the failure of regulatory cells, possibly involving T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. Natural killer (NK) T cells might be involved in diabetes, given their deficiency in NOD mice and the prevention of diabetes by adoptive transfer of α/β double-negative thymocytes. Here, we evaluated the role of NK T cells in diabetes by using transgenic NOD mice expressing the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) α chain Vα14-Jα281 characteristic of NK T cells. Precise identification of NK1.1+ T cells was based on out-cross with congenic NK1.1 NOD mice. All six transgenic lines showed, to various degrees, elevated numbers of NK1.1+ T cells, enhanced production of interleukin (IL)-4, and increased levels of serum immunoglobulin E. Only the transgenic lines with the largest numbers of NK T cells and the most vigorous burst of IL-4 production were protected from diabetes. Transfer and cotransfer experiments with transgenic splenocytes demonstrated that Vα14-Jα281 transgenic NOD mice, although protected from overt diabetes, developed a diabetogenic T cell repertoire, and that NK T cells actively inhibited the pathogenic action of T cells. These results indicate that the number of NK T cells strongly influences the development of diabetes.
A pilot study of a Mediterranean-type diet intervention in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis living in areas of social deprivation in Glasgow
Authors: G McKellar, E Morrison, A McEntegart, R Hampson, A Tierney, G Mackle, J Scoular, J A Scott, H A Capell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<b>Background:</b> A Mediterranean-type diet rich in fish, fruit and vegetables and low in saturated fats has been associated with health benefits, including improved cardiovascular profile and benefit in RA. <b>Objective:</b> To overcome obstacles to healthy eating by a community-based intervention promoting a Mediterranean-type diet in patients with RA living in socially deprived areas of Glasgow. <b>Methods:</b> 130 female patients with RA aged 30–70 years (median 55), disease duration 8 years were recruited from three hospital sites. The intervention group (n = 75) attended weekly 2-hour sessions for 6 weeks in the local community, including hands-on cooking classes backed up with written information. The control group (n = 55) were given dietary written information only. Both groups completed food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), and clinical and laboratory measures were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. <b>Results:</b> Significant benefit was shown in the intervention group compared with controls for patient global assessment at 6 months (p = 0.002), pain score at 3 and 6 months (p = 0.011 and 0.049), early morning stiffness at 6 months (p = 0.041) and Health Assessment Questionnaire score at 3 months (p = 0.03). Analysis of the FFQs showed significant increases in weekly total fruit, vegetable and legume consumption and improvement in the ratio of monounsaturated:saturated fat intake and systolic BP in the intervention group only. The cooking classes were positively received by patients and tutors; cost/patient for the 6 week course was £84 (€124). <b>Conclusions:</b> Results demonstrate that a 6 week intervention can improve consumption of healthier foods. If implemented more widely it may prove a popular, inexpensive and useful adjunct to other RA treatment.
Clinical and Economic Benefits Associated With the Achievement of Both HbA1c and LDL Cholesterol Goals in Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lizheng Shi, Xin Ye, Mei Lu, Eric Q. Wu, Hari Sharma, Darren Thomason, Vivian A. Fonseca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

This study compared the clinical and economic benefits associated with dual-goal achievement, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)<7% (53 mmol/mol) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)<100 mg/dL, with achievement of only the LDL-C goal or only the HbA1c goal in veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).This retrospective cohort analysis evaluated electronic medical records (Veterans Integrated Service Network 16) in adult T2DM patients with two or more measurements of LDL-C and HbA1c between 1 January 2004 and 30 June 2010 (N=75,646). Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare microvascular and cardiovascular outcomes by goal achievement status; generalized linear regression models were used to assess diabetes-related resource utilization (hospitalization days and number of outpatient visits) and medical service costs.Relative to achievement of only the LDL-C goal, dual-goal achievement was associated with lower risk of microvascular complications (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.79), acute coronary syndrome (0.88), percutaneous coronary intervention (0.78), and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (0.74); it was also associated with fewer hospitalization days (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 0.93) and outpatient visits (0.88), as well as lower diabetes-related annual medical costs (-$130.89). Compared with achievement of only the HbA1c goal, dual-goal achievement was associated with lower risk of the composite cardiovascular-related end point (aHR 0.87) and CABG (aHR 0.62), as well as fewer outpatient visits (aIRR 0.98).Achieving both HbA1c and LDL-C goals in diabetes care is associated with additional clinical and economic benefits, as compared with the achievement of either goal alone.
What precedes development of rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: L Klareskog
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Studies on aetiology of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) need to investigate the potential environmental triggers that are active before onset of disease, the genetic context in which these triggers act, and whether the presence of such triggers in an arthritis prone genetic context will give rise to the immune reactions associated with/preceding RA. Such knowledge would help not only to address much better the issue of causality of these potential triggers and the immune reactions, but also to carry out various interventions aimed at influencing the disease provoking immune events before development of clinical signs of disease. This short report summarises recent data demonstrating (<i>a</i>) the presence of anticitrullin antibodies or rheumatoid factors in between a third and half of patients with RA before development of clinical signs; (<i>b</i>) long term smoking is associated with a high risk of future development of seropositive but not seronegative RA; and (<i>c</i>) a strong gene–environment interaction between smoking and SE genes in the development of seropositive RA. We conclude that, in a certain genetic context, smoking is a potential trigger of RA, and a combination of the two factors is associated with the occurrence of immune reactions long before the onset of RA.
Cells transfected with human interleukin 6 cDNA acquire binding sites for the hepatitis B virus envelope protein.
Authors: A R Neurath, N Strick, Y Y Li
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Earlier studies revealed that human interleukin 6 (IL-6) contains recognition sites for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope (env) protein, and that IL-6 and anti-IL-6 antibodies, respectively, inhibited the interaction of cells expressing a receptor for HBV with the preS(21-47) segment of the HBV env protein, encompassing the complementary attachment site for IL-6. This suggested that IL-6 mediates HBV-cell interactions. We report that: (a) Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human IL-6 cDNA and Spodoptera frugiperda ovarian insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus carrying human IL-6 cDNA expressed receptors for the preS(21-47) region of the HBV env protein, indicating that expression of IL-6 on the surface of cells is sufficient to endow them with receptors for HBV. (b) Among peptides covering the entire sequence of human IL-6 and the corresponding antipeptide antibodies, the peptide IL-6[35-66] and anti-IL-6[35-66] most effectively inhibited the interaction between human hepatoma HepG2 cells and the preS(21-47) ligand, suggesting that this region of the human IL-6 sequence encompasses a binding site for the HBV env protein. (c) Studies with replacement set peptides from the preS(21-47) sequence indicated that residues 21-25, 28, 31, 33-35, 39, and 43-45 can be replaced by alanine (serine) residues, while all the other residues are essential for maintaining the cell receptor/IL-6 binding activity. Further delineation of complementary sites on IL-6 and on the HBV env protein may contribute to the design of compounds inhibiting HBV replication.
Clinical and prognostic features of adult patients with gangliogliomas
Authors: S. Yust-Katz, M. D. Anderson, D. Liu, J. Wu, Y. Yuan, A. Olar, G. N. Fuller, P. D. Brown, J. F. de-Groot
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Gangliogliomas (GGs) represent <1% of primary brain tumors in adults. Little is known regarding prognostic features, clinical characteristics, or the impact of treatment on patient outcomes.Our neuro-oncology longitudinal database was screened for patients with GG from 1992 to 2012. Sixty-seven patients (age >18 y) were identified.Sixty-two patients presented with low-grade GG and 5 with anaplastic GG. The median age at diagnosis was 29 years. With a median follow-up of 4.7 years after the initial diagnosis, 23 patients had progressive disease. Range of time to progression was 0.2-20 years. Nine patients with low-grade GG progressed to a malignant tumor. The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was not reached. The 2-, 5-, and 10-year OS for patients with low-grade GG were 100%, 88% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73%, 95%), and 84% (95% CI: 67%, 93%), respectively. Factors identified by univariate analysis that were significantly associated with OS were age, KPS, extent of resection (EOR), and grade. Factors on univariate analysis that were significantly associated with progression-free survival were grade and EOR. On multicovariate Cox regression, lower tumor grade and younger age were significant factors for longer OS. EOR is a significant factor for progression-free survival.While GG has excellent prognosis, malignant histologic grade, older age, and diagnosis with biopsy could indicate worse prognosis. The late nature and high rate of progression emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up. The role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for incompletely resected low-grade GG remains unclear.