tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of in-dwelling catheters and talc pleurodesis in the management of malignant pleural effusions.
Authors: T. L. Demmy, L. Gu, J. E. Burkhalter, E. M. Toloza, T. A. D'Amico, S. Sutherland, X. F. Wang, L. Archer, L. J. Veit, L. Kohman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

9031 Background: Despite the frequency of malignant pleural effusions (MPE) and their adverse effects on quality-of-life (QOL) of patients, data on their optimal management are limited and controversial. Methods: Fifty-eight eligible patients with a symptomatic unilateral MPE were randomized to either bedside talc slurry pleurodesis (TP) or placement of an indwelling small catheter (Pleurx) for daily drainage (SCD). Investigators were encouraged to enroll patients with a life expectancy > 60 days and lungs that could fully re-expand. The composite primary endpoint of technical “Success” was: lung re-expansion (at least 90%) after drainage, TP completion or SCD reliable function by 2 weeks, and survival without recurrent effusion 30 days from the initial procedure. Originally, 530 patients cases were planned to accept a hypothesis of equivalence but the study was closed early because of insufficient accrual. Five established QOL scales were used measuring changes in shortness of breath, physical function, and symptoms. Results: Both groups had comparable median age (63 years) and were balanced in terms of clinical characteristics including active chemotherapy (29%) and histologic diagnosis (lung 46.6%, breast 12.1%, and other/unknown cancers 41.3%). TP cases had more deaths or effusion recurrences (47%) within 30 days compared to SCD patients (18%, p = 0.026). Overall technical success was higher in SCD (62%) than TP (45%) with logistic regression showing a five-fold odds of success for SCD over TP (OR = 5, 95% CI:1-27, p = 0.049). Patients achieving initial expansion success also had a five-fold odds of success (OR = 5, 95% CI: 1-27, p = 0.041) and scored better on multiple QOL scales including overall change in function than those not achieving initial good expansion. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that patients treated with SCD had better dyspnea scores (8.5 versus 6.1 for TP, p = 0.047) especially in the subgroup with poor expansion (9.0 versus 4.9, p = 0.033). Conclusions: CALGB 30102 (NCT00042770) indicates that SCD may provide better palliation for MPE. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Cardinal Health
Long term care in later life
Authors: R L Hawkins
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune synovitis characterized by the presence of anticitrullinated protein Abs, although the exact targets and role of anticitrullinated protein autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of RA remain to be defined. Fibrinogen, which can be citrullinated, has recently emerged as a candidate autoantigen. To determine whether autoimmunity against fibrinogen can mediate inflammatory arthritis, we immunized a variety of common mouse strains with fibrinogen and found that DBA/1 and SJL mice developed an inflammatory and erosive arthritis. Mice with fibrinogen-induced arthritis (FIA) possess fibrinogen-reactive T cells that produce the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. FIA can be adoptively transferred with either plasma or fibrinogen-specific T cells from diseased mice. Mice with FIA possess rheumatoid factor, circulating immune complexes, and anticyclic citrullinated peptide Abs, all of which are characteristic of human RA. These observations demonstrate that fibrinogen is arthritogenic in mice and that the pathogenesis of FIA is mediated by both autoantibodies and fibrinogen-reactive T cells.
High-dose folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil bolus and continuous infusion in poor-prognosis patients with advanced measurable gastric cancer
Authors: C Louvet, A de Gramont, B Demuynck, B Nordlinger, J E Maisani, B Lagadec, S Delfau, C Varette, G Gonzalez-Canali, M Krulik
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1991)
Brief Communication: C-Type Viruses in Chimpanzee ( Pan sp.) Placentas 2
Authors: S. S. Kalter, R. L. Heberling, G. C. Smith, R. J. Helmke
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

C-type virus particles were observed by electron microscopy in placentas from 7 of 9 chimpanzees (Pan sp.). These viruses were morphologically similar to those observed in placentas of other primates.
Textbook of Clinical Parasitology Including Laboratory Identification and Technic
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic implication of the EGFR gene mutations in a large cohort of Japanese patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: T. Kosaka, Y. Yatabe, R. Onozato, T. Mitsudomi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7574 Background: Prognostic impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial. We examined a large cohort of lung adenocarcinoma resected in a single institution for EGFR mutations and evaluated its prognostic implication. Methods: We analyzed 402 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent potentially curative pulmonary resection at our department, from May 2000 through December 2005. Total RNA was extracted and direct sequencing of exons 18–21 of EGFR gene was performed after reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction. KRAS and TP53 gene mutations were also analyzed in 209 adenocarcinoma patients from this cohort. Results: We found that 196 patients (49%) had EGFR mutations. Of them, exon 19 deletion mutations were 83 (42%) and L858R mutations were 92 (47%). EGFR mutations were significantly frequent in female (P&lt;0.0001), never smokers (P&lt;0.0001), and well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (P&lt;0.0001). In 347 patients who were not treated with gefitinib, prognostic effect of EGFR mutations was evaluated. Patients with EGFR mutations survived for a longer period than those without the mutations after surgery in univariate analysis (P=0.0046, log rank test). We did not detect any difference in overall survival between the patients with exon 19 deletion mutations and those with L858R mutations (P=0.3962). There were tendencies that patients with KRAS mutations or TP53 mutations survived for a shorter period than those without mutations, although there was no statistical significance (P=0.2534 and 0.0859). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model revealed that never smokers (P=0.0253) and disease stage (P&lt;0.0001) were independent prognostic factors. However, all gene mutations were not independent prognostic factors (EGFR; P=0.4763, KRAS; P=0.7998, TP53; P=0.3464). Conclusion: EGFR mutations were not independently associated with prognosis of patients with early stage adenocarcinoma of the lung. Furthermore, there was no difference between exon 19 deletion mutations and L858R mutations in their prognostic impact. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 3048: Incidence and Management of Procedural Complications Associated with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Jean-Bernard Masson, Lukas A Altwegg, Abdullah Al Ali, Saad Al Bugami, Robert H Boone, Ronald G Carere, Sam V Lichtenstein, Anson Cheung, Robert Moss, Brad Munt, Christopher R Thompson, Jian Ye, John G Webb
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly recognized as an alternative to surgery for patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis and high or prohibitive operative risk. Despite prospective evidence that TAVI can be performed with acceptable 30-day mortality, the potential for vascular, neurologic or cardiac complications exists. Method. One hundred and sixty-three balloon-expandable TAVIs were performed between November 2005 and February 2008 at St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. Valves were implanted using a transarterial (n=110) or transpical approach (n=53). Clinical and echocardiographic data was prospectively collected. Results. Overall 30-day mortality rate was 11.0% in this selected high risk population but mortality decreased by 50% in the second half of this cohort. Current systems require a large sheath (22 to 24 Fr) potentially injurious to femoral and iliac arteries. Unplanned percutaneous (n=2) or surgical (n=11) interventions were performed in 14 patients to treat peripheral vascular complications. Temporary endovascular balloon occlusion can provide hemostasis while definitive treatment is implemented. Acute complications associated with apical access include bleeding and tamponade. Intra-procedural deaths occurred in 1.2% of patients due to arterial perforation (n=1) and apical hemorrhage (n=1). Stroke rate was 4.3%. Positioning errors can result in significant paravalvular regurgitation, mitral valve injury (n=1) and valve embolization (n = 7). Paravalvular leak can be reduced by redilation of an under-expanded prosthesis or implantation of a second valve to extend the sealing cuff. Cases of embolization were all satisfactorily managed with re-expansion of the prosthesis distally in the aorta. Coronary ostial obstruction by a bulky leaflet was confirmed in 1 patient. Permanent pacemakers were implanted in 9 patients (5.5%) due to new heart block. Conclusion. This early TAVI experience demonstrated the potential for a variety of potential complications. However as experience and knowledge increased over time the rate of adverse events appeared to fall. Careful screening, technological advances and greater experience will allow for safer procedures.
Case 2: Myocardial Metastases Froma Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Melitta Penz, Amir Kurtaran, Friedrich Vorbeck, Georg Oberhuber, Markus Raderer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

Article Tools Small Round-Cell Tumors Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.7.1596 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10735908 Case 2: Myocardial Metastases Froma Carcinoid Tumor Melitta PenzxMelitta PenzSearch for articles by this author , Amir KurtaranxAmir KurtaranSearch for articles by this author , Friedrich VorbeckxFriedrich VorbeckSearch for articles by this author , Georg OberhuberxGeorg OberhuberSearch for articles by this author , Markus RadererxMarkus RadererSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.7.1596 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Comparison of toxicities between intraperitoneal (IP) versus intravenous (IV) administration of carboplatin in combination with IV paclitaxel
Authors: K. Fujiwara, H. Ishikawa, J. Kigawa, N. Akamatsu, J. Noma, Y. Miyagi, M. Okada, T. Murakami, S. Nagao, I. Kohno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5046 Background: To compare the toxicity profile after intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) carboplatin administration in combination of IV paclitaxel. Methods: This is the interim toxicity analysis of the non-randomized two parallel comparative phase II trials. Patients with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent initial laparotomy for staging or debulking purpose and who had stage Ic - IV were eligible. They received either Regimen I (IV Paclitaxel 175mg/m2 + IP Carboplatin AUC=6) or Regimen II (IV Paclitaxel 175mg/m2 + IV Carboplatin AUC=6). Each participating institution must declare which regimen they will enter their patients before study was activated. Although primary purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of IP versus IV administration of carboplatin in combination with IV paclitaxel administration, we decided to do an interim analysis for toxicities. As of December 1st, 2004 total of 102 patients were entered, and 64 patients (37 IP vs 27 IV) were available for interim analysis on the toxicities after planned 6 or more courses were given. This trial was approved by internal review committee of each institution and written informed consent was obtained by each patient. Results: Background patient characteristics in the IP or IV group were well balanced in terms of age, PS, stage, histology, and cycles of chemotherapy. Median number of chemotherapy cycles was 5 for both regimens. Grade 3/4 hematological toxicities in IP vs IV groups were as follows: neutropenia, 89% vs 89%; anemia, 30% vs 37%; thrombocytopenia, 14% vs 19%. The incidences of grade 2/3 non-hematological toxicities were also similar between two groups in terms of nausea, neuropathy or myalgia. However, the incidence of abdominal pain was greater in the IP regimen. Conclusions: This interim analysis demonstrated no differences in the hematological/non-hematological toxicities except for abdominal pain between IP and IV carboplatin infusion in combination of IV paclitaxel. Updated data will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Meyers Squibb
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Cryptogenic Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Hepatitis B Virus-Endemic Area
Authors: Hee-Won Kwak, Joong-Won Park, Young Hwan Koh, Ju Hee Lee, Ami Yu, Byung-Ho Nam
Journal: Liver Cancer (2015)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in South Korea, but a high prevalence of metabolic diseases may result in increases in the incidence of cryptogenic HCC (cHCC). We studied characteristics of the cHCC in a single-center cohort. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;A cohort of 1,784 HCC patients newly diagnosed and treated at the National Cancer Center, Korea, between 2004 and 2009 was reviewed and analyzed. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;The cause of HCC was categorized as cHCC, HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), or alcohol. Overall, 162 (9.1%) patients of the HCC cohort had cHCC, and their mean age was 61.9 years. The median survival of cHCC patients was 24.7 months, which was the second shortest among the four groups after HBV HCC. cHCC patients had the largest tumor size (mean 7.4 cm) and the second highest proportion of poor prognostic factors such as the proportion of poorly defined tumors and extrahepatic spread in imaging studies. cHCC patients had better survival than HBV HCC patients according to multivariate analysis. Among cHCC patients, 137 (84.6%) had anti-HBc IgG antibodies, but this sub-group had different clinical features to those of HBV HCC patients. The body mass index (BMI) and hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia levels in cHCC patients were similar to those in HCV and alcoholic HCC patients. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Anti-HBc IgG antibodies were present in most cHCC patients, but cHCC patients had better survival than HBV HCC patients on multivariate analysis. However, cHCC patients had a larger mean tumor size and more aggressive tumor characteristics than HCV HCC or alcoholic HCC patients did. It is hoped that this study will contribute to a better understanding of cHCC in HBV-endemic areas.
Cardiotoxicity risks of adjuvant trastuzumab in Asian breast cancer patients
Authors: V. Shih, A. Chan, J. Chiang, C. Teo, J. Chen, Z. Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

561 Background: Adjuvant trastuzumab (T)-based chemotherapy has been shown to reduce relapse and improve survival in breast cancer patients but has been associated with increased risks of cardiotoxicity. Our study aims to define the incidence and severity of cardiotoxicity amongst Asian breast cancer patients. Methods: This is a retrospective review of patients who have received adjuvant T from June 2005 to 2007. Cardiotoxicity was defined as a drop in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to less than 50% and/or reduction of &gt; 10% of baseline. Cardiovascular (CVS) risk factors were defined as having a family history or presence of CAD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and smoking. We used pair sampled t-test to evaluate the mean LVEF change and Chi-square test to evaluate the association of cardiotoxicity and demographics. Results: There were 179 female patients. Cardiotoxicity was reported in 70 (39.1%), of whom 59 had asymptomatic decline in LVEF and 11 experienced CHF. Mean LVEF, comparing various time points (3, 6, 9 and 12 months) against baseline showed statistically significant decline (p&lt;0.05). T was withheld (n=33) due to asymptomatic decline in LVEF (n=24), symptomatic heart failure (n=4) and both (n=5). Twenty-one with resolution of CHF (n=7) or LVEF recovery (n=14) were rechallenged. Cardiotoxicity recurred in 9 - asymptomatic decline in LVEF (n=8) and recurrent CHF (n=1). There were no cardiac-related deaths. Neither patient demographics nor CVS risk factors predicted for cardiotoxicity. Conclusions: This is one of the largest series reported in Asians receiving T. As previously reported, T-induced cardiotoxicity resulted in mostly asymptomatic reversible decline in LVEF. Our incidence of cardiotoxicity appeared higher (39.1%) in Asians and more importantly, almost half of the patients experienced cardiotoxicity upon rechallenge. It would be prudent to explore whether there is any difference in susceptibility to T-induced cardiotoxicity between the different races. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Male and female mitochondrial DNA lineages in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) species group.
Authors: D T Stewart, C Saavedra, R R Stanwood, A O Ball, E Zouros
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

In blue mussels of the Mytilus edulis species complex, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance is coupled with gender. Females receive their mother's mtDNA and pass it on to both their daughters and sons. In addition, males receive mtDNA from their father and transmit this male mtDNA to their sons. If this pattern of "doubly uniparental inheritance" is older than the M. edulis species complex, then all members of this group must have two distinct mtDNA lineages: a maternal lineage that is transmitted through females and a paternal lineage that is transmitted through males. To test this hypothesis, we scored mtDNA variation in two taxa in this complex, M. edulis and M. trossulus, by means of restriction fragment profiles of whole-mtDNA genomes and DNA sequence of a region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit III gene (COIII). The various mitotypes present in these mussels were classified as "male" or "female" based on their gender association and as belonging to M. edulis or M. trossulus based on species-specific allozymes. Both maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining phylogenies based on the COIII sequences grouped female and male mtDNAs into two distinct lineages irrespective of specific origin in accordance with the hypothesis that the origin of these lineages predates the divergence of M. edulis and M. trossulus.
Determination of human brain tumour therapy response using an <i>ex vivo</i> invasion assay provides a potential step toward individualized treatment
Authors: P. C. Costello, D. MacDonald, W. McDonald, R. Hammond, V. Sloby, B. Faubert, J. Megyesi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

11509 Background: Malignant brain tumours are the 6 th leading cause of pre-mature death in Ontario with over 10,000 potential years of life lost each year. Improved treatment for malignant brain tumours is needed. Models assessing chemotherapy response employ clonal malignant human tumour cells while patient responses are heterogeneous. Tumour spreading is dependent on tissue invasion and in this study, a surgical sample of each patient’s tumour was used to assess invasion and growth while exposed to a panel of clinically relevant chemotherapies. Methods: Tissue specimens were placed into a nutrient-rich collagen gel that mimics the tumour environment in the body. Chemotherapy treatments were suspended in the matrix surrounding the tumour. Growth and invasion in the presence of chemotherapies was assessed for 5 days following surgical removal in this 3 dimensional matrix and compared to control conditions using student t- test. Results: 12 patient’s individual tumour response was assessed. 4 patients tumours did not respond to any chemotherapy tested. Table 1 shows the number of responders to each therapy tested. Conclusions: Individual response to chemotherapy is highly variable both clinically and in our ex vivo assessment of tissue fragments. Several patients (8/12 or 67%) tumour assessment displayed significant (p&lt;.05) response to one or more therapies. Results from this data will continue to be compared to patient response, The overall predictive value of the data obtained using this ex vivo model will be determined by continuing to collect information time to recurrence and survival at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months) from 90 solid tumour patients per year. Pre-assessment each patient’s responsiveness to chemotherapies could lead to more individualized and therefore more effective treatment. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Preoperative chemotherapy: a model for studying the biology and therapy of primary breast cancer.
Authors: B Fisher, E P Mamounas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.3.537 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7884412 Preoperative chemotherapy: a model for studying the biology and therapy of primary breast cancer. B FisherxB FisherSearch for articles by this author , E P MamounasxE P MamounasSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.3.537 First Page PDF © 1995 by American Society of Clinical Oncology