tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Christina's World
Authors: D. O'Neill
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It is among the most iconic images of American art. A young woman lies in the grass, raised on her arms in a pose of vigilant expectancy: across parched undulating fields lie a farmhouse and outhouses. Viewed across the treeless landscape, the figure and her unusual pose radiate vulnerability against this vast openness (www.moma.org/collection/browse\_results.php?criteria=O%3AAD%3AE%3A6464&page\_number=1&template\_id=1&sort\_order=1). 

This is not purely happenstance. Christina Olson (1893-1968) had a progressive neurological illness that led to increasing immobility. She had chosen to crawl around the farm and grounds shown in the painting for many …
Link between Organ-specific Antigen Processing by 20S Proteasomes and CD8<b>+</b> T Cell–mediated Autoimmunity
Authors: Ulrike Kuckelkorn, Thomas Ruppert, Britta Strehl, Peter R. Jungblut, Ursula Zimny-Arndt, Stephanie Lamer, Immo Prinz, Ilse Drung, Peter-M. Kloetzel, Stefan H.E. Kaufmann, Ulrich Steinhoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Adoptive transfer of cross-reactive HSP60-specific CD8+ T cells into immunodeficient mice causes autoimmune intestinal pathology restricted to the small intestine. We wondered whether local immunopathology induced by CD8+ T cells can be explained by tissue-specific differences in proteasome-mediated processing of major histocompatibility complex class I T cell epitopes. Our experiments demonstrate that 20S proteasomes of different organs display a characteristic composition of α and β chain subunits and produce distinct peptide fragments with respect to both quality and quantity. Digests of HSP60 polypeptides by 20S proteasomes show most efficient generation of the pathology related CD8+ T cell epitope in the small intestine. Further, we demonstrate that the organ-specific potential to produce defined T cell epitopes reflects quantities that are relevant for cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition. We propose tissue-specific antigen processing by 20S proteasomes as a potential mechanism to control organ-specific immune responses.
Effects of oseltamivir treatment of index patients with influenza on secondary household illness in an urban setting in Bangladesh: secondary analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Alicia M Fry, Doli Goswami, Kamrun Nahar, Amina T Sharmin, Mustafizur Rahman, Larisa Gubareva, Alma Trujillo, John Barnes, Tasnim Azim, Joseph Bresee, Stephen P Luby, W Abdullah Brooks
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2015)
High Altitude Renal Syndrome (HARS)
Authors: Abdias Hurtado Arestegui, Richard Fuquay, Jeffrey Sirota, Erik R. Swenson, Robert B. Schoene, J. Ashley Jefferson, Wei Chen, Xue-qing Yu, Jackeline Pando Kelly, Richard J. Johnson, Elizabeth Escudero
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

More than 140 million people live permanently at high altitude (>2400 m) under hypoxic conditions that challenge basic physiology. Here we present a short historical review of the populating of these regions and of evidence for genetic adaptations and environmental factors (such as exposure to cobalt) that may influence the phenotypic responses. We also review some of the common renal physiologic responses focusing on clinical manifestations. The frequent presentation of systemic hypertension and microalbuminuria with relatively preserved GFR coupled with the presence of polycythemia and hyperuricemia suggests a new clinical syndrome we term high altitude renal syndrome (HARS). ACE inhibitors appear effective at reducing proteinuria and lowering hemoglobin levels in these patients.
Treatment of mesenteric angina with prolonged anticoagulation in a patient with antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome and coeliac artery stenosis
Authors: E Rosenthal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome (APS) is a prothrombotic disorder associated with venous and arterial thrombosis. Arterial stenosis, particularly affecting the renal, coeliac and intracerebral arteries, has been observed. Anticoagulation with international normalised ratio ⩾3 may be able to improve hypertension and the renal function. We report a patient with APS and abdominal angina due to coeliac artery stenosis, whose condition improved on prolonged anticoagulation treatment.

A 39-year-old Caucasian woman was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and secondary Sjogren’s syndrome in 1999. Her lupus anticoagulant tests (dilute Russell viper venom test) were positive more than once. However, no previous thrombosis or pregnancy loss was reported. She was treated with hydroxychloroquine 200 mg once daily and aspirin 75 mg/day. In December 2003, the patient had epigastric …
Spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis: a new technique for imaging pigmented skin lesions
Authors: M. Moncrieff, S. Cotton, E. Claridge, P. Hall
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis: a new technique for imaging pigmented skin lesions Get access M. Moncrieff, M. Moncrieff Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 186, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U.KDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, U.K Marc Moncrieff. E‐mail: marc@moncrieff.net Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Cotton, S. Cotton Astron Clinica, Cambridge, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Claridge, E. Claridge School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Hall P. Hall Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 186, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 3, 1 March 2002, Pages 448–457, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04569.x Published: 01 March 2002 Article history Accepted: 12 September 2001 Published: 01 March 2002
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin–Dependent Acinar Cell Neoplasia after Inactivation of <i>Apc</i> and <i>Pten</i> in the Mouse Salivary Gland: Implications for Human Acinic Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cassandra R. Diegel, Kathleen R. Cho, Adel K. El-Naggar, Bart O. Williams, Charlotta Lindvall
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Cross-talk between the canonical Wnt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways occurs at multiple levels in the cell and likely contributes to the oncogenic effects of these pathways in human cancer. To gain more insight into the interplay between Wnt and mTOR signaling in salivary gland tumorigenesis, we developed a mouse model in which both pathways are constitutively activated by the conditional inactivation of the Apc and Pten tumor suppressor genes. Loss of either Apc or Pten alone did not cause tumor development. However, deletion of both genes resulted in the formation of salivary gland tumors with 100% penetrance and short latency that showed a remarkable morphologic similarity to human acinic cell carcinoma. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice using the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin led to complete regression of tumors, indicating that tumor growth was dependent on continued mTOR signaling. Importantly, we found that human salivary gland acinic cell carcinomas also express markers of activated mTOR signaling. Together, these results suggest that aberrant activation of mTOR signaling plays a pivotal role in acinar cell neoplasia of the salivary gland. Because rapamycin analogues are approved for treating other types of human malignancies, our findings suggest that rapamycin therapy should be evaluated for treating patients with salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma.
Effectiveness of an injury prevention programme for adult male amateur soccer players: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Anna M C van Beijsterveldt, Ingrid G L van de Port, Mark R Krist, Sandor L Schmikli, Janine H Stubbe, Janet E Frederiks, Frank J G Backx
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Background The incidence rate of soccer injuries is among the highest in sports, particularly for adult male soccer players. Purpose To investigate the effect of the ‘The11’ injury prevention programme on injury incidence and injury severity in adult male amateur soccer players. Study design Cluster-randomised controlled trial. Methods Teams from two high-level amateur soccer competitions were randomly assigned to an intervention (n=11 teams, 223 players) or control group (n=12 teams, 233 players). The intervention group was instructed to perform The11 in each practice session during one soccer season. The11 focuses on core stability, eccentric training of thigh muscles, proprioceptive training, dynamic stabilisation and plyometrics with straight leg alignment. All participants of the control group continued their practice sessions as usual. Results In total, 427 injuries were recorded, affecting 274 of 456 players (60.1%). Compliance with the intervention programme was good (team compliance=73%, player compliance=71%). Contrary to the hypothesis, injury incidences were almost equal between the two study groups: 9.6 per 1000 sports hours (8.4–11.0) for the intervention group and 9.7 (8.5–11.1) for the control group. No significant differences were found in injury severity, but a significant difference was observed in the location of the injuries: players in the intervention group sustained significantly less knee injuries. Conclusions This study did not find significant differences in the overall injury incidence or injury severity between the intervention and control group of adult male soccer players. More research is recommended, focusing on injury aetiology and risk factors in adult male amateur soccer players.
Treatment of Hepatic Metastases in Ocular Melanoma
Authors: C. Humberto Carrasco
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Patients with ocular melanoma have a high incidence of hepatic metastases, which primarily determine their length of survival. In an attempt to control the neoplastic disease in the liver, embolization of the hepatic artery with a combination of polyvinyl sponge (Ivalon) and a suspension of cisplatin was performed in two patients with hepatic metastases from ocular melanoma. Dramatic regression of the hepatic metastases, lasting 19 and six months, occurred in these two patients after one or two such treatments. Our preliminary, albeit successful, experience with this therapeutic approach suggests that it may offer relatively prolonged periods of remission and warrants further investigation. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:3152-3154)
Recognition among mice. Evidence from the use of a Y-maze differentially scented by congenic mice of different major histocompatibility types.
Authors: K Yamazaki, M Yamaguchi, L Baranoski, J Bard, E A Boyse, L Thomas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Previous studies of mating preference signified that mice can sense one another's major histocompatibility complex (MHC) types, probably by olfaction. This conclusion has now been substantiated by the use of a Y-maze whose two arms were differentially scented with currents of air conducted through boxes occupied by B6 (H-2b) males and by B6-H-2k congenic males. Four B6 mice, two males and two females, were successfully trained, by water deprivation and reward, to enter the arm scented by B6 or B6-H-2k males. One of the males and one of the females were trained to select the B6-scented arm; the other male and female were trained to select the B6-H-2k-scented arm. Untrained mice showed no MHC discrimination in the maze. The performance of the trained mice in distinguishing between MHC congenic homozygous F2 segregants derived from a cross of B6-H-2k with B6 was as good as their performance in distinguishing the respective inbred strains, thus essentially eliminating alternative and significant additional explanations of MHC-associated sensory discrimination. The data further indicate that chemosensory discrimination of MHC types can be entirely dissociated from sex differences and from the circumstances of mating.
Therapeutic Strategy with a Membrane-Localizing Complement Regulator to Increase the Number of Usable Donor Organs after Prolonged Cold Storage
Authors: Hetal Patel, Richard A.G. Smith, Steven H. Sacks, Wuding Zhou
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

A shortage of donor organs and increasing dependence on marginal grafts with prolonged ischemic times have meant that new methods are needed to prevent postischemic damage. Herein is reported a new strategy aimed to protect donor kidney from complement-mediated postischemic damage and therefore increase the number of successful transplants. Rat donor kidneys were perfused with a membrane-localizing complement regulator derived from human complement receptor type 1 (APT070) and then subjected to prolonged periods of cold storage (at 4 degrees C). A relationship was found between the duration of cold ischemia and the extent of complement-mediated tubule damage and loss of graft function. After 16 h of cold storage, APT070-treated kidneys that were transplanted into syngeneic recipients showed a significant increase in the number of surviving grafts, compared with control-treated grafts (63.6 versus 26.3%). Surviving grafts also displayed less acute tubular injury and better preservation of renal function. These results not only enhance the understanding of the mechanism by which prolonged cold ischemia reduces immediate graft survival but also provide essential information about the effectiveness of membrane-localizing complement regulator with prolonged cold storage. This could lead to more effective strategies for improving the use of severely ischemic donor organs.
Cystic fibrosis papers of the year 2010-2011
Authors: David Honeybourne
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

This review is based upon a Medline search of the literature on cystic fibrosis for the latter half of 2010 onwards. The Medline search was carried out in September 2011 and also includes some references published after September 2011. This search revealed articles relating to approximately 482 paediatric studies and 419 adult studies with much overlap between the two groups. Taking into account the multidisciplinary nature of the audience for this symposium and also taking into account the topics in the rest of the programme for the day, a shortlist of 65 papers was then derived. A diversity of topics was clearly necessary and also a mixture of paediatric and adult publications, hence the following papers were chosen.
Vitamin D Levels Predict All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: G. Neil Thomas, Bríain ó Hartaigh, Jos A. Bosch, Stefan Pilz, Adrian Loerbroks, Marcus E. Kleber, Joachim E. Fischer, Tanja B. Grammer, Bernhard O. Böhm, Winfried März
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Optimal vitamin D levels are associated with reduced cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We investigated whether optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is protective in individuals with the metabolic syndrome.The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study is a cohort study of subjects referred for coronary angiography between 1997 and 2000, from which 1,801 with the metabolic syndrome were investigated. Mortality was tracked for a median of 7.7 years. Multivariable survival analysis was used to estimate the association between 25(OH)D levels and mortality.Most subjects (92%) had suboptimal levels of 25(OH)D (<75 nmol/L), with 22.2% being severely deficient (<25 nmol/L). During follow-up, 462 deaths were recorded, 267 (57.8%) of which were cardiovascular in origin. After full adjustment, including the metabolic syndrome components, those with optimal 25(OH)D levels showed a substantial reduction in all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] 0.25 [95% CI 0.13-0.46]) and cardiovascular disease mortality (0.33 [0.16-0.66]) compared with those with severe vitamin D deficiency. For specific cardiovascular disease mortality, there was a strong reduction for sudden death (0.15 [0.04-0.63]) and congestive heart failure (0.24 [0.06-1.04]), but not for myocardial infarction. The reduction in mortality was dose-dependent for each of these causes.Optimal 25(OH)D levels substantially lowered all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. These observations call for interventional studies that test whether vitamin D supplementation provides a useful adjunct in reducing mortality in these subjects.
Sequence Turnover and Tandem Repeats in cis-Regulatory Modules in Drosophila
Authors: Saurabh Sinha, Eric D. Siggia
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

The path by which regulatory sequence can change, yet preserve function, is an important open question for both evolution and bioinformatics. The recent sequencing of two additional species of Drosophila plus the wealth of data on gene regulation in the fruit fly provides new means for addressing this question. For regulatory sequences, indels account for more base pairs (bp) of change than substitutions (between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila yakuba), though they are fewer in number. Using Drosophila pseudoobscura as an out-group, we can distinguish insertions from deletions (with maximum parsimony criteria), and find a ratio between 1 and 5 (insertions to deletions) that is species dependent and much larger than the ratio of 1/8 for neutral sequences (Petrov and Hartl 1998). Because neutral sequence is rapidly cleared from the genome, most noncoding regions which preserve their length between D. melanogaster–D. pseudoobscura and have an excess of insertions over deletions should be functional. A fraction of 15%–18% (i.e., more than 20 standard deviations from random expectation) of the regulatory sequence is covered by low copy number tandem repeats whose repeating unit has an average length of 5–10 bp and which occur preferentially (25%–45% coverage) in indels. All indels may be due to tandem repeats if we extrapolate the detection efficiency of the repeat-finding algorithms using the observed point mutation rate between the species we compare. Sequence creation by local duplication accords with the tendency for multiple copies of transcription factor–binding sites to occur in regulatory modules. Thus, indel events and tandem repeats in particular need to be incorporated into models of regulatory evolution because they can alter the rate at which beneficial variants arise and should also influence bioinformatic algorithms that parse regulatory sequences into binding sites.
Screening elite winter athletes for exercise induced asthma: a comparison of three challenge methods * Commentary
Authors: J W Dickinson, G P Whyte, A K McConnell, M G Harries
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

The reported prevalence of exercise induced asthma (EIA) in elite winter athletes ranges from 9% to 50%. Many elite winter athletes do not report symptoms of EIA. At present there is no gold standard test for EIA.To establish the efficacy of screening for EIA and examine the role of the eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) challenge and laboratory based and sport specific exercise challenges in the evaluation of elite winter athletes.14 athletes (mean (SD) age 22.6 (5.7) years, height 177.2 (7.0) cm, body mass 68.9 (16.9) kg) from the Great Britain short-track speed skating (n = 10) and biathlon teams (n = 4) were studied. Each athlete completed a laboratory based and sport specific exercise challenge as well as an EVH challenge, in randomised order.All 14 athletes completed each challenge. Two had a previous history of asthma. Ten (including the two with a previous history) had a positive test to at least one of the challenges. Ten athletes had a positive response to EVH; of these, only three also had a positive response to the sport specific challenge. No athletes had a positive response to the laboratory based challenge.Elite athletes should be screened for EIA. EVH is a more sensitive challenge in asymptomatic athletes than sport specific and laboratory based challenges. If sporting governing bodies were to implement screening programmes to test athletes for EIA, EVH is the challenge of choice.
Therapy for Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Face of 'Desirable' Levels of Total Cholesterol
Authors: M. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The National Cholesterol Education Program<sup>1</sup>defines hypercholesterolemia as a total cholesterol level of 6.2 mmol/L or greater and borderline hypercholesterolemia as a serum total cholesterol level between 5.2 and 6.2 mmol/L. Desirable cholesterol levels are below 5.2 mmol/L. In the study by Drs Vega and Grundy,<sup>2</sup>"normolipidemic" patients (most of whom had coronary disease) with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were given pharmacologic agents to determine if elevations in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels could be achieved. This is an important issue, since low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are prevalent among patients with coronary artery disease even when cholesterol levels are below 5.2 mmol/L.<sup>3</sup>However, it is not clear from the study how "normolipidemia" was defined. Exclusion criteria included plasma total cholesterol levels greater than 6.47 mmol/L; based on this criterion,patients with borderline to high cholesterol levels qualified. Indeed, the concentration of plasma
Objective measurement of cough in otherwise healthy volunteers with acute cough
Authors: Kanchan Sunger, William Powley, Angela Kelsall, Helen Sumner, Robert Murdoch, Jaclyn A. Smith
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Cough is one of the commonest reasons for medical consultation and acute cough associated with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) is a global problem. In otherwise healthy volunteers complaining of cough associated with symptoms of URTI, we aimed to assess objective and subjective measures of cough and their repeatability and perform power calculations for the design of future studies to test therapies. We studied 54 otherwise healthy volunteers with acute cough (&lt;3 weeks) (median age 22 yrs (interquartile range 21–26 yrs), 64% female, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s 97.6±10.5% predicted). All subjects performed 24-h ambulatory cough monitoring and reported cough frequency and severity using visual analogue scales (VAS) on 2 consecutive days. Sample size calculations were performed for crossover and parallel group study designs. Objective cough frequency was high (session 1: geometric mean 12.1 coughs·h −1 (95%CI 9.7–15.2)) and fell significantly (session 2: 9.0 coughs·h −1 (95%CI 6.9–11.6); p&lt;0.001). Repeatability was higher for objective cough frequency (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.94, p&lt;0.001) than reported cough frequency (daytime VAS ICC=0.784, p&lt;0.001). Crossover/parallel studies require &lt;15 and &lt;41 subjects per arm to detect a 50% reduction in cough frequency with 90% power, respectively. Acute cough frequency is highly repeatable over any 48-h period, allowing small sample sizes to be used when investigating the effectiveness of novel anti-tussives.