tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory distress due to tracheal compression by the dilated innominate artery
Authors: E Sato, S Koyama, H. Kamijyo, O. Kobayashi, M. Terashima, K Kubo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The case reported is of an 88 yr old female with hypertension and respiratory distress. A chest radiograph revealed a widening of the upper mediastinum. Computed tomographic scanning revealed tracheal compression by the innominate artery, which was elongated and curved. After intubation, she was treated with antihypertensive drugs. This resulted in the remarkable recovery of the patient from respiratory distress. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of respiratory distress owing to tracheal compression by elongation and curvature of the innominate artery.
Chemoradiotherapy with or without cetuximab in patients with oesophageal cancer (SCOPE1): a multicentre, phase 2/3 randomised trial
Authors: Thomas Crosby, Christopher N Hurt, Stephen Falk, Simon Gollins, Somnath Mukherjee, John Staffurth, Ruby Ray, Nadim Bashir, John A Bridgewater, J Ian Geh, David Cunningham, Jane Blazeby, Rajarshi Roy, Tim Maughan, Gareth Griffiths
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)

Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is an alternative to surgery for the curative treatment of oesophageal carcinoma. The SCOPE1 trial aimed to investigate the addition of cetuximab to cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine-based definitive CRT in patients with localised oesophageal squamous-cell cancer and adenocarcinomas to assess activity, safety, and feasibility of use.
Differentiation of human adult cardiac stem cells exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields
Authors: Roberto Gaetani, Mario Ledda, Lucio Barile, Isotta Chimenti, Flavia De Carlo, Elvira Forte, Vittoria Ionta, Livio Giuliani, Enrico D'Emilia, Giacomo Frati, Fabio Miraldi, Deleana Pozzi, Elisa Messina, Settimio Grimaldi, Alessandro Giacomello, Antonella Lisi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Modulation of cardiac stem cell (CSC) differentiation with minimal manipulation is one of the main goals of clinical applicability of cell therapy for heart failure. CSCs, obtained from human myocardial bioptic specimens and grown as cardiospheres (CSps) and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), can engraft and partially regenerate the infarcted myocardium, as previously described. In this paper we assessed the hypothesis that exposure of CSps and CDCs to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), tuned at Ca2+ ion cyclotron energy resonance (Ca2+-ICR), may drive their differentiation towards a cardiac-specific phenotype.A significant increase in the expression of cardiac markers was observed after 5 days of exposure to Ca2+-ICR in both human CSps and CDCs, as evidenced at transcriptional, translational, and phenotypical levels. Ca2+ mobilization among intracellular storages was observed and confirmed by compartmentalized analysis of Ca2+ fluorescent probes.These results suggest that ELF-EMFs tuned at Ca2+-ICR could be used to drive cardiac-specific differentiation in adult cardiac progenitor cells without any pharmacological or genetic manipulation of the cells that will be used for therapeutic purposes.
A tool kit for quantifying eukaryotic rRNA gene sequences from human microbiome samples
Authors: Serena Dollive, Gregory L Peterfreund, Scott Sherrill-Mix, Kyle Bittinger, Rohini Sinha, Christian Hoffmann, Christopher S Nabel, David A Hill, David Artis, Michael A Bachman, Rebecca Custers-Allen, Stephanie Grunberg, Gary D Wu, James D Lewis, Frederic D Bushman
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Abstract Eukaryotic microorganisms are important but understudied components of the human microbiome. Here we present a pipeline for analysis of deep sequencing data on single cell eukaryotes. We designed a new 18S rRNA gene-specific PCR primer set and compared a published rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene primer set. Amplicons were tested against 24 specimens from defined eukaryotes and eight well-characterized human stool samples. A software pipeline https://sourceforge.net/projects/brocc/ was developed for taxonomic attribution, validated against simulated data, and tested on pyrosequence data. This study provides a well-characterized tool kit for sequence-based enumeration of eukaryotic organisms in human microbiome samples.
Toward Reformulating the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
Authors: M T Tsuang, W S Stone, S V Faraone
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

The authors assess implications of DSM criteria for schizophrenia by reviewing the criteria's 1) emphasis on psychotic features, 2) dissociation of symptoms from their etiology, 3) exclusive reliance on clinical features but exclusion of biological indicators, and 4) classification of schizophrenia as a discrete category. The authors then discuss alternative conceptions of schizophrenia that take into account recent data concerning its genetic and neurodevelopmental origins and its pathophysiological substrates.The historical development of diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia is reviewed in the context of recent published data on the biology and development of schizophrenia.Growing evidence suggests that symptoms of psychosis may be a common end-state in a variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, rather than a reflection of the specific etiology of schizophrenia. Features occurring before the advent of psychosis that are clinical, biological, and/or neuropsychological in nature may constitute evidence of a genetic predisposition toward schizophrenia ("schizotaxia") and may provide more specific information about the genetic, pathophysiological, and developmental origins of schizophrenia.The success of efforts to treat and prevent schizophrenia will depend to an important extent on an accurate understanding of its causes. This goal can be furthered by conducting field trials to develop research criteria to assess the value of a developmentally sensitive, biologically informed approach to classification that would consider schizotaxia with psychosis (schizophrenia) and schizotaxia alone as distinct diagnostic conditions.
Ode to Joy: call to action for doctors to play their role in curing the global pandemic of physical inactivity: drilling into one of the ‘7 investments’—simple solutions for the pandemic
Authors: Karim M Khan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

AMSSM's Dr Elizabeth Joy and three additional giants of physical activity research and advocacy provide a very clear blueprint for the role of sports and exercise medicine physicians in addressing the global public health pandemic of physical inactivity.1 As a BJSM reader, you will know that health professionals provide one of the seven ‘best investments’2 for solving the physical inactivity crisis. If you are not familiar with the ‘7 investments’ please read it now (open access) and listen to Fiona Bull's podcast about ‘7 investments’ (http://podcasts.bmj.com/bjsm/). Whenever we advocate for one of the 7 investments, I respectfully recommend we immediately remind our listener that there is a cohesive, comprehensive solution; my fear if we outline one element of the physical inactivity solution at a time our blinkered listener will think our suggestion is insufficient for the complex problem of physical inactivity. “ One man says the answer is targeting …
High levels of phosphorylated MAP kinase are associated with poor survival among patients with glioblastoma during the temozolomide era
Authors: Chirag G. Patil, Miriam Nuño, Adam Elramsisy, Debraj Mukherjee, Christine Carico, Jocelynn Dantis, Jethro Hu, John S. Yu, Xuemo Fan, Keith L. Black, Serguei I. Bannykh
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

We investigated whether high levels of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK) were associated with poor survival among patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma during the temozolomide era. Nuclear p-MAPK expression of 108 patients with GBM was quantified and categorized in the following levels: low (0%–10%), medium (11%–40%), and high (41%–100%). Independent predictors of overall survival were determined using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Our study included 108 patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Median age was 65 years, and 74% had high Karnofsky performance status (KPS ≥ 80). Median overall survival among all patients was 19.5 months. Activated MAPK expression levels of <10%, 11%–40%, and ≥41% were observed in 33 (30.6%), 37 (34.3%), and 38 (35.2%) patients, respectively. Median survival for low, medium, and high p-MAPK expression was 32.4, 18.2, and 12.5 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed 2.4-times hazard of death among patients with intermediate p-MAPK than low p-MAPK expression (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; P = .02); high-expression patients were 3.9 times more likely to die, compared with patients with low p-MAPK (HR, 3.9; P = .007). Patients aged ≥65 years (HR, 2.8; P = .002) with KPS < 80 (HR, 3.1; P = .0003) and biopsy or partial resection (HR, 1.9; P = .02) had higher hazard of death. MGMT and PTEN expression were not associated with survival differences. This study provides quantitative means of evaluating p-MAPK in patients with GBM. It confirms the significant and independent prognostic relevance of p-MAPK in predicting survival of patients with GBM treated in the temozolomide era and highlights the need for therapies targeting the p-MAPK oncogenic pathway.
Incretin Levels and Effect Are Markedly Enhanced 1 Month After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Blandine Laferrère, Stanley Heshka, Krystle Wang, Yasmin Khan, James McGinty, Julio Teixeira, Allison B. Hart, Blanca Olivan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Limited data on patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RY-GBP) suggest that an improvement in insulin secretion after surgery occurs rapidly and thus may not be wholly accounted for by weight loss. We hypothesized that in obese patients with type 2 diabetes the impaired levels and effect of incretins changed as a consequence of RY-GBP.Incretin (gastric inhibitory peptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]) levels and their effect on insulin secretion were measured before and 1 month after RY-GBP in eight obese women with type 2 diabetes and in seven obese nondiabetic control subjects. The incretin effect was measured as the difference in insulin secretion (area under the curve [AUC]) in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and to an isoglycemic intravenous glucose test.Fasting and stimulated levels of GLP-1 and GIP were not different between control subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes before the surgery. One month after RY-GBP, body weight decreased by 9.2 +/- 7.0 kg, oral glucose-stimulated GLP-1 (AUC) and GIP peak levels increased significantly by 24.3 +/- 7.9 pmol x l(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.0001) and 131 +/- 85 pg/ml (P = 0.007), respectively. The blunted incretin effect markedly increased from 7.6 +/- 28.7 to 42.5 +/- 11.3 (P = 0.005) after RY-GBP, at which it time was not different from that for the control subjects (53.6 +/- 23.5%, P = 0.284).These data suggest that early after RY-GBP, greater GLP-1 and GIP release could be a potential mediator of improved insulin secretion.
Cowden Syndrome and the PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: How to Define Rare Genetic Syndromes
Authors: K. L. Lachlan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

Cowden syndrome (OMIM No. 158350) and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS) (OMIM No. 153480) are autosomal dominant conditions described before the genetic testing era. The early reports of Cowden syndrome were by adult physicians and dermatologists who recognized a pattern of benign and malignant tumors affecting the breast and thyroid, accompanied by characteristic acral keratosis and trichilemmomas of the skin (1,2,3). BRRS was described by pediatricians and clinical geneticists, with the principle features being macrocephaly, delayed development, lipomata, hemangiomas, and vascular malformations, along with pigmented macules of the penis (4,5). Both conditions are caused by mutations in the PTEN gene (OMIM+601728) (6,7). There is no definite association between the type or position of mutation within the PTEN gene and the clinical presentation of the patient. Both conditions have been described in different members of the same family with the same mutations, and it is clear that meticulous examination reveals features of childhood-onset BRRS in adults presenting with the features of Cowden syndrome and vice versa. It is therefore generally accepted that they are one condition, with variable expression and age-related penetrance (8,9,10,11). Genetic heterogeneity has been reported with reports of Cowden-like patients(ie, those who do not fulfill criteria for PTEN hamartoma syndrome [PHTS]) with mutations in SDHB, SDHD, AKT, and PIK3CA, as well as hypermethylation of the promoter of the KLLN gene (12,13,14,15).
Physical Activity, Adiposity, and Diabetes Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population
Authors: Li Qin, Eva Corpeleijn, Chaoqiang Jiang, G. Neil Thomas, C. Mary Schooling, Weisen Zhang, Kar Keung Cheng, Gabriel M. Leung, Ronald P. Stolk, Tai Hing Lam
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Physical activity may modify the association of adiposity with type 2 diabetes. We investigated the independent and joint association of adiposity and physical activity with fasting plasma glucose, impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.Middle-aged and older Chinese (n=28,946, ≥50 years, 72.4%women) from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study were examined in 2003-2008. Multivariable regression was used in a cross-sectional analysis.BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were positively associated with type 2 diabetes after multiple adjustment, most strongly for WHR with odds ratio (OR) of 3.99 (95% CI 3.60-4.42) for highest compared with lowest tertile. Lack of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, but not walking, was associated with diabetes with an OR of 1.29 (1.17-1.41). The association of moderate-to-vigorous activity with fasting glucose varied with WHR tertiles (P=0.01 for interaction). Within the high WHR tertile, participants who had a lack of moderate-to-vigorous activity had an OR of 3.87 (3.22-4.65) for diabetes, whereas those who were active had an OR of 2.94 (2.41-3.59).In this population, WHR was a better measure of adiposity-related diabetes risk than BMI or waist circumference. Higher moderate-to-vigorous activity was associated with lower diabetes risk, especially in abdominally obese individuals.
Risk of bloodstream infection in children admitted to paediatric intensive care units in England and Wales following emergency inter-hospital transfer
Authors: Katie Harron, Quen Mok, Roger Parslow, Berit Muller-Pebody, Ruth Gilbert, Padmanabhan Ramnarayan
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)

Adherence to full sterile procedures may be compromised when central venous catheters are inserted as part of emergency resuscitation and stabilisation, particularly outside the intensive care unit. Half of emergency admissions to paediatric intensive care units (PICU) in the UK occur after stabilisation at other hospitals. We determined whether bloodstream infection (BSI) occurred more frequently in children admitted to PICU after inter-hospital transfer compared to within-hospital admissions.Data on emergency admissions to 20 PICUs in England and Wales for children <16 years between 2003-2012 were linked from the national PICU audit database (PICANet) and national infection surveillance (LabBase2). PICU-acquired BSI was defined as any positive blood culture sampled between 2 days after admission and 2 days following discharge from PICU.A total of 32,861/62,515 (53%) admissions were inter-hospital transfers. Multivariable regression showed no significant difference in rates of PICU-acquired BSI by source of admission (incidence-rate ratio for inter-hospital transfer versus within-hospital admission = 0.97; 95% CI 0.87-1.07) after adjusting for other risk-factors. Rates decreased more rapidly between 2003 and 2012 for inter-hospital transfers: 17.0% (95% CI 14.9-19.0% per year) compared with 12.4% (95% CI 9.9-14.9% per year) for within-hospital admissions. The median time to first PICU-acquired BSI did not differ significantly between inter-hospital transfers (7 days; IQR 4-13) and within-hospital admissions (8 days; IQR 4-15).Nationally, inter-hospital transfer is no longer a significant risk factor for PICU-acquired BSI. Given the large proportion of infection occurring in the second week of admission, initiatives to further reduce PICU-acquired BSI should focus on maintaining sterile procedures after admission.
Myocardial renin-angiotensin extraction in man
Authors: A. A. SCHOENEBERGER, S. P. JOHNSON, J. M. SULLIVAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Renin activity, renin substrate, and angiotensin II concentration were measured in the aortic and coronary sinus blood of 14 patients. There was a significant gradient for angiotensin II only. The gradient was diminished in areas of ischaemic myocardium. The study suggests that angiotensin II is partially bound, extracted, or destroyed in the coronary circulation of man.
Pallidal versus Subthalamic Deep-Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kenneth A. Follett, Frances M. Weaver, Matthew Stern, Kwan Hur, Crystal L. Harris, Ping Luo, William J. Marks, Johannes Rothlind, Oren Sagher, Claudia Moy, Rajesh Pahwa, Kim Burchiel, Penelope Hogarth, Eugene C. Lai, John E. Duda, Kathryn Holloway, Ali Samii, Stacy Horn, Jeff M. Bronstein, Gatana Stoner, Philip A. Starr, Richard Simpson, Gordon Baltuch, Antonio De Salles, Grant D. Huang, Domenic J. Reda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Deep-brain stimulation is the surgical procedure of choice for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. The globus pallidus interna and the subthalamic nucleus are accepted targets for this procedure. We compared 24-month outcomes for patients who had undergone bilateral stimulation of the globus pallidus interna (pallidal stimulation) or subthalamic nucleus (subthalamic stimulation).At seven Veterans Affairs and six university hospitals, we randomly assigned 299 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease to undergo either pallidal stimulation (152 patients) or subthalamic stimulation (147 patients). The primary outcome was the change in motor function, as blindly assessed on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, part III (UPDRS-III), while patients were receiving stimulation but not receiving antiparkinsonian medication. Secondary outcomes included self-reported function, quality of life, neurocognitive function, and adverse events.Mean changes in the primary outcome did not differ significantly between the two study groups (P=0.50). There was also no significant difference in self-reported function. Patients undergoing subthalamic stimulation required a lower dose of dopaminergic agents than did those undergoing pallidal stimulation (P=0.02). One component of processing speed (visuomotor) declined more after subthalamic stimulation than after pallidal stimulation (P=0.03). The level of depression worsened after subthalamic stimulation and improved after pallidal stimulation (P=0.02). Serious adverse events occurred in 51% of patients undergoing pallidal stimulation and in 56% of those undergoing subthalamic stimulation, with no significant between-group differences at 24 months.Patients with Parkinson's disease had similar improvement in motor function after either pallidal or subthalamic stimulation. Nonmotor factors may reasonably be included in the selection of surgical target for deep-brain stimulation. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00056563 and NCT01076452.)
A novel peptide CXCR ligand derived from extracellular matrix degradation during airway inflammation
Authors: Nathaniel M Weathington, Anneke H van Houwelingen, Brett D Noerager, Patricia L Jackson, Aletta D Kraneveld, F Shawn Galin, Gert Folkerts, Frans P Nijkamp, J Edwin Blalock
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
A randomised controlled trial of etanercept and methotrexate to induce remission in early inflammatory arthritis: the EMPIRE trial
Authors: J L Nam, E Villeneuve, E M A Hensor, R J Wakefield, P G Conaghan, M J Green, A Gough, M Quinn, R Reece, S R Cox, M H Buch, D M van der Heijde, P Emery
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

To compare the efficacy of etanercept (ETN) and methotrexate (MTX) versus MTX monotherapy for remission induction in patients with early inflammatory arthritis.In a 78-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled superiority trial, 110 DMARD-naïve patients with early clinical synovitis (≥1 tender and swollen joint, and within 3 months of diagnosis) and either rheumatoid factor, anticitrullinated protein antibodies or shared epitope positive were randomised 1:1 to receive MTX+ETN or MTX+placebo (PBO) for 52 weeks. Injections (ETN or PBO) were stopped in all patients at week 52. In those with no tender or swollen joints (NTSJ) for >26 weeks, injections were stopped early. If patients had NTSJ >12 weeks after stopping the injections, MTX was weaned. The primary endpoint was NTSJ at week 52.No statistically significant difference was seen for the primary endpoint (NTSJ at week 52 (32.5% vs 28.1% [adjusted OR 1.32 (0.56 to 3.09), p=0.522]) in the MTX+ETN and MTX+PBO groups, respectively). The secondary endpoints did not differ between groups at week 52 or 78. Exploratory analyses showed a higher proportions of patients with DAS28-CRP<2.6 in the MTX+ETN group at week 2 (38.5% vs 9.2%, adjusted OR 8.87 (2.53 to 31.17), p=0.001) and week 12 (65.1% vs 43.8%, adjusted OR 2.49 (1.12 to 5.54), p=0.026).In this group of patients with early inflammatory arthritis, almost a third had no tender, swollen joints after 1 year. MTX+ETN was not superior to MTX monotherapy in achieving this outcome. Clinical responses, however, including DAS28-CRP<2.6, were achieved earlier with MTX+ETN combination therapy.The EMPIRE trial is registered on the following trial registries: Eudract-2005-005467-29; ISRCTN 55428162 (http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN55428162/EMPIRE). The full trial protocol can be obtained from the corresponding author.
NADPH Oxidase 4 Contributes to Transformation Phenotype of Melanoma Cells by Regulating G2-M Cell Cycle Progression
Authors: Maki Yamaura, Junji Mitsushita, Shuichi Furuta, Yukiko Kiniwa, Atsuko Ashida, Yasuhumi Goto, Wei H. Shang, Makoto Kubodera, Masayoshi Kato, Minoru Takata, Toshiaki Saida, Tohru Kamata
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in carcinogenic development of melanoma, but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We studied the expression and function of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (Nox)4 in human melanoma cells. Nox4 was up-regulated in 13 of 20 melanoma cell lines tested. Silencing of Nox4 expression in melanoma MM-BP cells by small interfering RNAs decreased ROS production and thereby inhibited anchorage-independent cell growth and tumorigenecity in nude mice. Consistently, a general Nox inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium, and antioxidants vitamine E and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate blocked cell proliferation of MM-BP cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that Nox4 small interfering RNAs and diphenylene iodonium induced G(2)-M cell cycle arrest, which was also observed with another melanoma cell line, 928mel. This was accompanied by induction of the Tyr-15 phosphorylated, inactive form of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (a hallmark of G(2)-M checkpoint) and hyperphosphorylation of cdc25c leading to its increased binding to 14-3-3 proteins. Ectopic expression of catalase, a scavenger of ROS, also caused accumulation of cells in G(2)-M phase. Immunohistochemistry revealed that expression of Nox4 was detected in 31.0% of 13 melanoma patients samples, suggesting the association of Nox4 expression with some steps of melanoma development. The findings suggest that Nox4-generated ROS are required for transformation phenotype of melanoma cells and contribute to melanoma growth through regulation of G(2)-M cell cycle progression.