tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urticaria and hepatitis C
Authors: R. Smith, E.O. Caul, J.L. Burton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Urticaria and hepatitis C Get access R. Smith, R. Smith Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.O. Caul, E.O. Caul Public Health Laboratories, Myrtle Road, Bristol BS2 8EL, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L. Burton J.L. Burton Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 6, 1 June 1997, Page 980, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03958.x Published: 01 June 1997
Dietary protein suppresses feedback control of glomerular filtration in rats.
Authors: F D Seney, F S Wright
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We have examined the possibility that changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after changes in dietary protein intake may depend on altered function of the tubuloglomerular (TG) feedback system. We studied male Sprague-Dawley rats after dietary pretreatment for 9.6 +/- 3.6 (SD) d with isocaloric diets containing either 6% or 40% casein. We found that GFR in rats fed the high protein diet was 24-29% higher than in rats fed the low protein diet. Simultaneous measurements of single nephron GFR (SNGFR) in the distal tubule were 6.3 nl/min or 21% higher in the rats fed the high protein diet whereas proximally measured SNGFR was not statistically different in the two groups. The higher distally measured SNGFR of rats receiving the high protein diet was associated with a 4.2 nl/min or 50% smaller suppression of SNGFR by TG feedback (-4.3 vs. -8.5 nl/min, P less than 0.001). Loop perfusion experiments demonstrated that in rats fed the high protein diet the TG feedback mechanism was less sensitive than in rats fed the low protein diet. The TG feedback response in rats fed the low protein diet, as assessed by reductions in stop-flow pressure and SNGFR, was half-maximal at flows of 14-15 nl/min. In contrast, the TG feedback response in rats fed the high protein diet was half-maximal at 22-24 nl/min. Maximal suppression of stop-flow pressure and SNGFR and the slope of the TG feedback response to increasing loop flow rates were not different in the two groups. We conclude that the sensing mechanism of the TG feedback system is rendered less responsive by a high protein intake, and that this change permits GFR to increase.
Long-term follow-up of thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis for primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: S. Györik, S. Erni, U. Studler, R. Hodek-Wuerz, M. Tamm, P. N. Chhajed
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax treated with talc pleurodesis. A follow-up study was undertaken in all patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax who underwent talc pleurodesis for prolonged air leak or recurrence using thoracoscopy. In total, 112 patients underwent pleurodesis and follow-up data was obtained in 63 (56%) patients: 45 patients were available for clinical follow-up, 14 for telephone follow-up and four were dead. The causes of death were unrelated to the pleurodesis. There were no episodes of acute respiratory failure following pleurodesis. A total of 56 (95%) out of the cohort of 59 patients had a successful pleurodesis. Surgical pleurectomy was required in three (5%) patients for persistent air leak. Median duration of follow-up after talc pleurodesis was 118 months. Long-term success was observed in 53 (95%) out of 56 patients. Recurrent pneumothorax was observed in three (5%) out of 56 patients. Patients with successful talc pleurodesis had a median forced vital capacity (FVC) of 102% and median total lung capacity of 99% at follow-up. Comparing smokers and nonsmokers, the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) was significantly lower in smokers and there was a tendency for the FEV 1 /FVC ratio to be lower in smokers. Talc pleurodesis in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax via thoracoscopy is an effective procedure associated with normal lung function in patients who do not smoke.
Evidence of the Atrial Location of Receptors Influencing Urine Flow
Authors: JAMES P. HENRY, OTTO H. GAUER, J. L. REEVES
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Receptors believed responsible for the diuresis of negative pressure breathing have been located by observing the effect on urine flow of a stepwise engorgement of the intrathoracic vascular bed. Distension of the pulmonary arterial tree (injection of plastic beads) and of the entire pulmonary circulation (snares on the pulmonary veins) were without effect. A diuresis was however elicited by expansion of a balloon in the left atrium. It is concluded that stretch receptors in the left atrium and terminal pulmonary veins are instrumental in a mechanism linking changes in the actively circulating blood volume with homeostatic responses of the kidney.
Molecular Approaches to the Nervous System
Authors: R D G McKay
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1983)

Hybridoma and recombinant DNA technologies promise a major advance in our understanding of the molecular basis of the function of the nervous system. The issues we hope to approach with these new tools include (a) the molecular determinants of membrane permeability, (b) cellular heterogeneity of the nervous system, and (c) the epigenetic events of neural development. Because the application of these new approaches is only recent, it is not possible at this stage to predict full answers, but only to describe the strategies that promise to be success ful. This review is an introduction to the early applications of these technologies to neuroscience and is deliberately selective, emphasizing a few specific problems in the hope that these strategies may be generally applicable to many areas of interest in neurobiology.
Identification of a unique antigen peptide pRL1 on BALB/c RL male 1 leukemia recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and its relation to the Akt oncogene.
Authors: A Uenaka, T Ono, T Akisawa, H Wada, T Yasuda, E Nakayama
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

BALB/c radiation leukemia RL male 1 is an immunogenic tumor. We established bulk and cloned cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines from regressor (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 (CB6F1) spleen cells that recognized RL male 1 specifically. We then obtained antigen peptide recognized by CTL from RL male 1 by acid extraction. Analysis of the acid extract by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a semipreparative C18 column revealed that fractions eluted in 23 min (peak a) and 26 min (peak b) showed sensitization activity on the P815 target for specific CTL. On further purification of these fractions by HPLC and direct sequencing by Edman degradation, we identified the CTL-recognizing RL male 1 peptide pRL1a (IPGLPLSL) in peak a and its possible precursor peptide pRL1b (SIIPGLPLSL) in peak b. Sequence homology indicated that these peptides were derived from the 5' untranslated region of c-akt oncogene.
Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of the Thrombospondin-1–Mimetic Angiogenesis Inhibitor ABT-510 in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Ronald Hoekstra, Filip Y.F.L. de Vos, Ferry A.L.M. Eskens, Jourik A. Gietema, Ate van der Gaast, Harry J.M. Groen, Raymond A. Knight, Robert A. Carr, Rod A. Humerickhouse, Jaap Verweij, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose ABT-510 is an angiogenesis inhibitor derived from thrombospondin-1, a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiogenesis. We investigated ABT-510, which was administered subcutaneously in patients with advanced solid malignancies, to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and serum markers of angiogenesis. Patients and Methods ABT-510 was administered subcutaneously as a continuous infusion (100 mg/24 h) and bolus injections (100, 200, and 260 mg once daily; 50 and 100 mg twice daily) in 28-day cycles. Results Thirty-nine patients received a total of 144 treatment cycles. Administration by continuous infusion was hampered by the onset of painful skin infiltrates at the injection site. In the bolus injection regimens, the most common toxicities observed were mild injection-site reactions and fatigue. Maximum-tolerated dose was not defined, but 260 mg was defined as the maximum clinically practical dose. ABT-510 pharmacokinetics were linear across the dosage ranges tested, and the potential therapeutic threshold (plasma concentrations &gt; 100 ng/mL &gt; 3 h/d) was achieved with all dose regimens. Median serum basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels decreased from 14.1 pg/mL (range, 0.5 to 77.7 pg/mL) at baseline to 3.2 pg/mL (range, 0.2 to 29.4 pg/mL) after 56 days of treatment (P = .003). No correlations with time on study or ABT-510 dose or exposure were observed for individual changes in bFGF. Stable disease lasting for six cycles or more was seen in six patients. Conclusion ABT-510 demonstrated a favorable toxicity profile and linear and time-independent pharmacokinetics with biologically relevant plasma concentrations. The significant number of patients with prolonged stable disease and the convenient method of dosing merit further studies with this angiogenesis inhibitor.
Phase II study of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 in patients with sensitive relapse small-cell lung cancer
Authors: J.V. Heymach, D.H. Johnson, F.R. Khuri, H. Safran, L.L. Schlabach, F. Yunus, R.F. DeVore, P.M. De Porre, H.M. Richards, X. Jia, S. Zhang, B.E. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
Utilisation of an Environmental Challenge Chamber (ECC) to Explore Allergen Induced Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in Mild Asthmatic Patients with Co-morbid Rhinitis
Authors: N. Krug, J.M. Hohlfeld, A. Bruns, P. Russell, A. Weeks, M. Larbig, R.D. Murdoch
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Is fatigue all in your head? A critical review of the central governor model
Authors: J P Weir, T W Beck, J T Cramer, T J Housh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

The central governor model has recently been proposed as a general model to explain the phenomenon of fatigue. It proposes that the subconscious brain regulates power output (pacing strategy) by modulating motor unit recruitment to preserve whole body homoeostasis and prevent catastrophic physiological failure such as rigor. In this model, the word fatigue is redefined from a term that describes an exercise decline in the ability to produce force and power to one of sensation or emotion. The underpinnings of the central governor model are the refutation of what is described variously as peripheral fatigue, limitations models, and the cardiovascular/anaerobic/catastrophe model. This argument centres on the inability of lactic acid models of fatigue to adequately explain fatigue. In this review, it is argued that a variety of peripheral factors other than lactic acid are known to compromise muscle force and power and that these effects may protect against "catastrophe". Further, it is shown that a variety of studies indicate that fatigue induced decreases in performance cannot be adequately explained by the central governor model. Instead, it is suggested that the concept of task dependency, in which the mechanisms of fatigue vary depending on the specific exercise stressor, is a more comprehensive and defensible model of fatigue. This model includes aspects of both central and peripheral contributions to fatigue, and the relative importance of each probably varies with the type of exercise.
Functional Electrical Stimulation for Neuromuscular Applications
Authors: P. Hunter Peckham, Jayme S. Knutson
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2005)

▪ Abstract Paralyzed or paretic muscles can be made to contract by applying electrical currents to the intact peripheral motor nerves innervating them. When electrically elicited muscle contractions are coordinated in a manner that provides function, the technique is termed functional electrical stimulation (FES). In more than 40 years of FES research, principles for safe stimulation of neuromuscular tissue have been established, and methods for modulating the strength of electrically induced muscle contractions have been discovered. FES systems have been developed for restoring function in the upper extremity, lower extremity, bladder and bowel, and respiratory system. Some of these neuroprostheses have become commercialized products, and others are available in clinical research settings. Technological developments are expected to produce new systems that have no external components, are expandable to multiple applications, are upgradable to new advances, and are controlled by a combination of signals, including biopotential signals from nerve, muscle, and the brain.
Patient reported outcomes in a trial of combination therapy with etanercept and methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis: the TEMPO trial
Authors: D van der Heijde
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To compare patient reported measures of function, health related quality of life (QoL), and satisfaction with medication among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with methotrexate (MTX), etanercept, or both for up to 1 year. <b>Methods:</b> In a 52 week, double blind, clinical trial, patients with active RA were randomised to receive etanercept 25 mg twice weekly, methotrexate up to 20 mg weekly, or combination therapy. The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index, EuroQoL health status visual analogue scale (EQ-5D VAS), patient global assessment, and patient general health VAS were administered at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 40, 48, and 52. Satisfaction with the medication was compared at 52 weeks. <b>Results:</b> Of 682 enrolled patients, 522 completed 52 weeks of treatment. Mean improvement from baseline in HAQ score was 0.65, 0.70, and 1.0 for MTX, etanercept, and the combination, respectively. The mean percentage and absolute improvement in the HAQ was significantly higher (p&lt;0.01) for combination therapy than for either of the monotherapies. Combination therapy produced significantly more rapid achievement of HAQ ⩽0.5 sustained for 6 months than either of the monotherapies (p&lt;0.01). Compared with patients receiving monotherapy, those receiving combination therapy achieved a significantly better (p&lt;0.05) health state as measured by the EQ-5D VAS (mean (SD) 63.7 (3.2), 66.8 (3.2), 72.7 (3.1) for MTX, etanercept, and the combination, respectively). Results were similar for other assessments (p&lt;0.01). Patients in combination and etanercept groups were significantly more likely (p&lt;0.0001, p = 0.0009, respectively) to report satisfaction with the medication. <b>Conclusions:</b> Combination therapy with etanercept and methotrexate improved function, QoL, and satisfaction with the medication significantly more than monotherapy.
On the brain and personality substrates of psychopathy
Authors: Jaak Panksepp, Brian Knutson, Laura Bird
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Further understanding at neuroscientific and personality levels should considerably advance our ability to deal with individuals that have strong sociopathic tendencies. An analysis of neurodynamic responses to emotional stimuli will eventually be able to detect sociopathic tendencies of the brain. Such information could be used to enhance the options available to individuals at risk without limiting their personal freedoms.
Changes in sugar nucleotide and high energy phosphate kinetics during in vivo development of sponge biopsy connective tissue.
Authors: G G Bole
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

ATP, CMP, CDP, CTP, GMP, GDP, GTP, UMP, UDP, UTP for the 5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphates of adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, and uridine; UDP-G for uridine diphosphate glucose; UDP-Gal for uridine di- phosphate galactose; UDP-hexose for unresolved mix- tures of UDP-G and UDP-Gal; UDP-AcGm for uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine; UDP-AcGalm for uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine; UDP- AcHm or UDP-N-acetyl-hexosamines for an unresolved mixture of UDP-AcGm and UDP-AcGalm; UDP-GA for UDP-D-glucuronic acid; GDP-M for guanosine di- phosphate mannose; GDP-Fu for guanosine diphosphate fucose; GDP-X for a guanosine diphosphate monosaccharide; GDP-hexose for the total
Cell migration: a novel aspect of pancreatic stellate cell biology
Authors: P A Phillips
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), implicated as key mediators of pancreatic fibrogenesis, are found in increased numbers in areas of pancreatic injury. This increase in PSC number may be due to increased local proliferation and/or migration of these cells from adjacent areas. The ability of PSCs to proliferate has been well established but their potential for migration has not been examined. <b>Aims:</b> Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine whether cultured rat PSCs have the capacity to migrate and, if so, to characterise this migratory capacity with respect to the influence of basement membrane components and the effect of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF, a known stimulant for migration of other cell types). <b>Methods:</b> Migration of freshly isolated (quiescent) and culture activated (passaged) rat PSCs was assessed across uncoated or Matrigel (a basement membrane-like substance) coated porous membranes (pore size 8 μm) in the presence or absence of PDGF (10 and 20 ng/ml) in the culture medium. A checkerboard assay was performed to assess whether the effect of PDGF on PSC migration was chemotactic or chemokinetic. <b>Results:</b> Cell migration was observed with both freshly isolated and passaged PSCs. However, compared with passaged (culture activated) cells, migration of freshly isolated cells was delayed, occurring only at or after 48 hours of incubation when the cells displayed an activated phenotype. PSC migration through Matrigel coated membranes was delayed but not prevented by basement membrane components. PSC migration was increased by PDGF and this effect was predominantly chemotactic (that is, in the direction of a positive concentration gradient). <b>Conclusions:</b> (i) PSCs have the capacity to migrate. (ii) Activation of PSCs appears to be a prerequisite for migration. (iii) PDGF stimulates PSC migration and this effect is predominantly chemotactic. <b>Implication:</b> Chemotactic factors released during pancreatic injury may stimulate the migration of PSCs through surrounding basement membrane towards affected areas of the gland.
The future of the quality and outcomes framework
Authors: H. Lester, A. Majeed
Journal: BMJ (2008)

NICE involvement means the framework will remain part of the fabric of primary care

The quality and outcomes framework was introduced into primary care in the United Kingdom in April 2004. The original aims of the framework were to improve the quality of care delivered in general practice, to help recruitment and retention, and to reward practices for the delivery of existing high quality care. Although the scheme is voluntary, 99.8% of practices in the UK participate. The framework currently includes 1000 points in four domains: clinical care (650 points), organisation (167.5), patient experience (146.5), and additional services (36). Average achievement has consistently been over 90%, with a mean score of 96.8% in 2007-8.1 Framework payments can make up to a third of a practice’s income, and the UK government currently spends about £1bn (€1.1bn; $1.5bn) each year (15% of primary medical care costs) on the framework.

Since 2005, academic stewardship of the framework has been provided by a collaboration of more than 40 senior primary care academics, supported by a small working group. It is overseen by a steering committee with representatives from the Royal College of General Practice and lay representatives from the four countries of the UK. The evidence base for …
Lack of Association Between Duration of Untreated Illness and Severity of Cognitive and Structural Brain Deficits at the First Episode of Schizophrenia
Authors: Anne L. Hoff, Michael Sakuma, Kamran Razi, Gitry Heydebrand, John G. Csernansky, Lynn E. DeLisi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine whether the duration of illness before antipsychotic drug treatment for schizophrenia was associated with the severity of cognitive deficits and volumetric brain structure anomalies observed in some patients with a first episode of schizophrenia. METHOD: Duration of psychotic symptoms and of other symptoms marking a behavioral change was estimated from structured interviews with 50 patients who had a first episode of schizophrenia and their family members. Interviews were conducted within a month of the patients' hospitalization. Duration of untreated psychotic symptoms and of behavioral change was correlated with neuropsychological summary scores from a comprehensive cognitive battery and with measurements of lateral ventricular, temporal lobe, and cerebral hemispheric volumes. RESULTS: No significant correlations were observed between measures of untreated illness and the severity of either cognitive or structural brain deficits at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The duration of untreated symptoms of schizophrenia, for which an association with an uncontrolled toxic brain process has been proposed, is unlikely to explain why first-episode patients with schizophrenia have widespread deficits in cognitive functioning and have detectable ventricular enlargement and some loss of cortical mass.
Multidetector CT and the diagnosis of PE
Authors: J McLaughlin
Journal: Thorax (2006)

▴ Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, et al. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med2006;22:2317–27 [OpenUrl][1] Previous studies have reported that the diagnostic sensitivity of single slice computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is approximately 70%. However, the accuracy of multidetector CTA is uncertain. The PIOPED II study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector CTA in pulmonary embolism (PE) and whether the addition of peripheral venous phase imaging (CTV) improved … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx