tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Designer drinks and drunkenness among schoolchildren
Authors: A Crawford, D T Allsop
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Designer drinks and drunkenness among schoolchildrenStudy left several questions unanswered EDrrOR,-Neil McKeganey and colleagues report that 12-15 year olds who had recently consumed "new drinks" (white cider and fruit wines) reported having drunk most on the most recent occasion and were more likely to have been drunk than those who had consumed other drinks.'Their study begs several questions.
Transrectal GERD treatment – just what we need?
Authors: L. Swanstrom
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

On the face of it, the study by Wilhelm et al. on the transrectal insertion and flexible endoscopic placement of a plastic band around the gastroesophageal junction for GERD (”NOTES for the cardia: antireflux therapy via transluminal access”) [1] would seem like the essence of a very bad idea. After all, it violates many established surgical precepts: deliberate perforation of the colon with risk of fecal contamination of the peritoneum, introduction of a permanent implant through a contaminated field, placement of a fixed plastic band around the distal esophagus, etc. None the less, even though the study itself seemed to indicate that this was not a great idea, (one animal died of infectious complications, one of gastric herniation; i. e., a 25 % mortality rate) there is much to be learned from it.
A Comparison Study of iTEP Nanoparticle-Based CTL Vaccine Carriers Revealed a Surprise Relationship between the Stability and Efficiency of the Carriers
Authors: Shuyun Dong, Tiefeng Xu, Peng Zhao, Kristin N. Parent, Mingnan Chen
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Vaccine carriers have been shown to enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope peptide vaccines by addressing intrinsic limitations of the vaccines. We have previously developed an immune-tolerant elastin-like polypeptide (iTEP)-based nanoparticle (NP) as an effective and unique CTL vaccine carrier. The NP is unique for its humoral immune tolerance, flexible structure, and ability to deliver CTL vaccines as polypeptide fusions. Here, we aimed to improve the NP by increasing its stability since we found it was not stable. We thus generated a more stable iTEP NP (ST-NP) and used it to deliver a CTL peptide vaccine, SIINFEKL. However, we surprisingly found that the ST-NP had a lower efficiency than the previously developed, marginally stable iTEP NP (MS-NP) in terms of promoting vaccine presentation and vaccine-induced CTL responses. On the other hand, dendritic cells (DCs) showed preferential uptake of the ST-NP but not the MS-NP. To develop an iTEP vaccine carrier that outperforms both the MS-NP and the ST-NP, we devised an iTEP NP that has a changeable stability responsive to a cytosolic, reductive environment, termed reductive environment-dependent NP or RED-NP. The RED-NP showed an intermediate ability to promote vaccine presentation and T cell responses in vitro between the MS-NP and the ST-NP. However, the RED-NP induced the strongest CTL responses in vivo among all three NPs. In conclusion, iTEP NPs that have a dynamically changeable stability are most effective to deliver and enhance CTL peptide vaccines. The work also demonstrated the versatile nature of iTEP vaccine carriers.
THE R21C MUTATION IN TROPONIN I HAS A FOUNDER EFFECT IN SOUTH LEBANON AND CAUSES MALIGNANT HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Akl Fahed, Georges Nemer, Fadi F. Bitar, Samir Arnaout, Antoine B. Abchee, James Ware, Manal Batrawi, Steven R. DePalma, Barbara McDonough, Mariam T. Arabi, Jonathan Seidman, Christine Seidman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
AB0803 Factors influencing health assessment questionnaire-disability index in systemic sclerosis: implication of comorbidities
Authors: G. Abignano, R. Irace, L. Pirro, M.E. Frongillo, G. Cuomo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) is a self-report of physical function already validated as a measure of physical disability in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) (1). No previous studies have examined the impact of comorbidities in SSc patients on physical function as assessed by HAQ-DI. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to investigate whether comorbidities could influence the HAQ-DI in SSc patients. <h3>Methods</h3> 313 consecutive SSc patients admitted to our centre between 2000 and 2011were investigated for clinical and serological subset, disease duration, disease activity (2), extent and severity of organ involvement (3), HAQ-DI and comorbidities. The comorbidities were collected using the Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) (4). Patients with overlap syndrome were excluded from the analysis. Complete data were available in 291 patients and included in the study. Correlations were calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation test. Mann-Whitney test was used to perform comparison between groups. To assess the effects of comorbidities on physical disability multiple linear regression analysis was performed including age, sex, disease activity and total disease severity. P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data were analysed using SPSS18 software. <h3>Results</h3> The study included 259 females. The mean age was 48.56 years (SD=14.36), the median HAQ-DI 0.125 (range=0-2.75), the mean FCI 06 (SD 0.79). In univariate analysis HAQ-DI was found to be significantly correlated with age (P&lt;0.0001), disease activity (P&lt;0.0001), total disease severity (P&lt;0.0001), FCI (p=0.0056) and not correlated with disease duration. HAQ-DI was significantly higher in patients with FCI &gt;0 when compared with patients without comorbidities (i.e. FCI=0, P=0.0094). When adjusted for sex, disease activity and severity, HAQ-DI was still found to be independently associated with FCI (P=0.034). When age was added in the model, FCI was not independently associated any more. This is consistent with an increased morbidity correlated with age (p&lt;0.0001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data suggest that comorbidities significantly influence and represent an additional burden to the physical disability of SSc patients. This aspect should be considered for the clinical care and assessment of disability in SSc patients. Further studies including different diseases are needed to clarify the effect of other comorbidities on physical function in these patients. <h3>References</h3> Steen VD, Medsger TA Jr. Arthritis Rheum 1997. Valentini G et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2001. Medsger TA Jr et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003. Groll D et al. J Clin Epidemiol 2005. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Histopathology of Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Hepatic Lesions in Mice Fed Diets Containing Tetrachlorvinphos&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J M Ward, E Bernal, B Buratto, D G Goodman, J D Strandberg, R Schueler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Tetrachlorvinphos was fed at 8,000 or 16,000 ppm in diets to male and female (C57BL/6N X C3H/HeN)F1 mice for 80 weeks. Surviving mice were killed at 92 weeks, and all mice were completely necropsied. A high incidence of unusual nonneoplastic hepatic lesions in treated mice was present and characterized by pericellular fibrosis, hepatocyte nuclear pleomorphism, and intrasinusoidal foci of macrophages with intracytoplasmic crystalline structures. From 84 to 94% of the treated male mice and from 21 to 23% of the treated females had hepatocellular neoplasms. Only 17% of the control males and 7% of the control females had liver tumors. The induced tumors were frequently multiple in the liver, whereas the tumors in the controls were usually singular. The morphology of 241 liver tumors in 110 treated mice was different from that of tumors in controls. Liver tumors in control mice were generally composed of small basophillic hepatocytes. In treated mice, tumors were hepatocellular carcinomas composed of solid sheets of large basophilic or eosinophilic hepatocytes. Foci of prominent trabecular formation were seen in 51 tumors. Fifteen tumors were composed of small basophilic hepatocytes with oval cells interposed among them. Foci of capillary formation were noted in 3 of these tumors. In addition, 7 more typical hemangiosarcomas forming sinusoids and with thrombosis were observed.
Protecting the very young against pertussis – cough, costs and cocooning
Authors: D Lévy-Bruhl
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

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Deriving information from external Big Databases and Big Data analytics: all that glitters is not gold
Authors: Miguel Angel Martinez-Garcia, Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

It seems more and more obvious that we are now living in the era of technology and information. Technological advances have allowed us to generate vast amounts of information of all kinds extremely quickly and, more importantly, store it so that it remains available for subsequent analysis. Accordingly, many large companies and institutions centre a large part of their strategy on the analysis of enormous databases on their customers. These provide information that determines future decisions and optimises resources. Big Data analytics are a further step on the road to the ideal model of personalised medicine <http://ow.ly/XWr1C>
FRI0460-HPR High disease activity is related to low levels of physical activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis:
Authors: C. Fongen, S. Halvorsen, H. Dagfinrud
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Recent studies have revealed that patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) also have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than the general population (Mathieu et al, 2011) and physical activity (PA) is recommended to prevent CVD in healthy adults (Haskell et al, 2007). It has been reported that stretching, back exercise and walking are the most common exercise activities in patients with AS, but the total physical activity level in this group has not earlier been investigated. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare PA in everyday life in patients with AS with high and low disease activity, and to compare both groups with population controls. <h3>Methods</h3> In a cross sectional study, PA level was measured with the self-administered International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long. The AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) was used to assess disease activity in the patients group and a cut-off at &lt;2.1 were set to differentiate between low and high disease activity. <h3>Results</h3> 149 AS patients (mean age 49.3 (sd 11.1), 61% men, 54% with high disease activity), and 133 population controls (mean age 52.7 (sd 11.3), 58% men) were included. AS patients with high disease activity, had lower total energy expenditure, and lower energy expenditure in vigorous PA and walking PA than both patients with low disease activity and controls. Fewer patients with high disease activity met the international recommendation for health enhancing physical activity (HEPA) compared to patients with low disease activity (41% vs 61%, resectivly, p=0.02). Among controls 48% reached HEPA. There were no significant differences between patients with low disease activity and controls, in energy expenditure and proportion reaching HEPA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> AS patients with high disease activity had lower energy expenditure in PA in everyday life and reached HEPA to a lower extend than patients with low disease activity and controls. The results suggest that a decreased physical activity level among patients with high disease activity also might play a role for the increased CVD risk in this group. Thus, these patients should be given special attention regarding physical activity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Failure of Complete Bile Diversion and Oral Bile Acid Therapy in the Treatment of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: R.J. Deckelbaum, R.S. Lees, D.M. Small, S.E. Hedberg, S.M. Grundy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Two patients with nomozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, refractory to medical therapy, underwent complete bile diversion by common-duct ligation and cholecystostomy, in an attempt to arrest the progression of their xanthomatosis and atherosclerosis by depletion of body cholesterol. Clofibrate was given after operation to one patient, and cholic acid to both, in an effort to enhance further the negative sterol balance. Bile diversion produced an increase of six to eight times in gastrointestinal sterol output, which was not increased further by either clofibrate or cholic acid therapy. Despite a calculated sterol loss of 560 g over 14 months in one patient and 400 g over 10 months in the other, neither plasma cholesterol nor xanthoma size decreased. Continuity of the biliary tree was therefore restored. The data suggest that patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia respond to even massive gastrointestinal sterol depletion with equal increases in sterol synthesis.
Observatoire national de l'endoscopie par capsule colique: résultats à 2 ans de la pratique en France
Authors: JC Saurin, R Benamouzig, T Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

L'ONECC est un observatoire réalisé sous égide de la SFED et du CREGG, organisant l'utilisation en France de la capsule colique de la firme Given Imaging°, et permettant une saisie et un suivi national des résultats de cette utilisation. Nous rapportons les résultats intermédiaires de cet observatoire débuté en 2011.
Peritoneal Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Complications Associated with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Anshu Rajnish, Muffazal Ahmad, Pradeep Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

RAJNISH, ANSHU D.N.B., D.R.M., M.N.A.M.S.*; AHMAD, MUFFAZAL M.D., D.N.B., D.M.†; KUMAR, PRADEEP B.Sc., D.N.M.T.* Author Information
Green, Inc: A Guide to Business and the Environment
Authors: M. Braddick
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Frances Cairncross Earthscan, pounds sterling10.95, pp 277 ISBN 1 85383 250 2

Attitudes towards the environment range from a deep green philosophy, which regards nature as sacred, to an imperial philosophy in which the earth's resources are there for humans to use and exploit, and unused land is wasted land.

Frances Cairncross, a former environmental editor for the Economist magazine, clearly leans towards the imperial camp, believing that continued economic growth is both desirable and inevitable, and that technical fixes will avert the global environmental crisis. …
Abstract 4485: Prediction of esophageal cancer risk through quantification of gamma-H2AX levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Fanmao Zhang, Jian Gu, YiLei Gong, Ernest Hawk, Jaffer A. Ajani, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Increased susceptibility to DNA damage has been shown to be associated with increased risk of many cancers. Accumulation of gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX) in cultured cells after stimulation by ionizing radiation or other genotoxic agents is a sensitive indicator of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induction. We hypothesize that higher level of DSBs, as measured by γ-H2AX levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), may be able to predict higher cancer risk. We first developed an objective, high-throughput, and image-based method to quantify immunofluorescence intensities of γ-H2AX in cultured PBLs. To test this hypothesis, using an ongoing esophageal cancer case control study, we measured the γ-H2AX levels at baseline and after gamma-radiation in the PBLs from 245 newly diagnosed, previously untreated esophageal cancer patients and 400 healthy control subjects, and calculated the ratio of radiation-induced to the baseline γ-H2AX levels as a parameter of DSBs. The mean γ-H2AX ratio was significantly higher in cases (1.48±0.14) than controls (1.39±0.11) (P =1.47×10-14). When dichotomized at the median level of the γ-H2AX ratio in control subjects, individuals in the high γ-H2AX ratio group exhibited a significantly increased risk of esophageal cancer (odds ratio [OR]=2.83, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.00-4.00). When subjects were categorized into tertiles defined by the distribution of the relative γ-H2AX ratio in control subjects, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between γ-H2AX ratio and risk of esophageal cancer. Compared to subjects in the lowest tertile of γ-H2AX ratio, those in the middle and the highest tertiles exhibited increased risks of esophageal cancer with ORs of 1.60 (95% CI: 1.00-2.55) and 3.72 (95% CI: 2.43-5.70), respectively (P for trend =2.24×10-10). Quartile analysis also showed similar dose-response relationship. Our data suggest that higher ratio of gamma-radiation-induced to baseline γ-H2AX is significantly associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. This study supports that measurement of this ratio may be used as a novel phenotypic assay to identify individuals at high risk for esophageal cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4485. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4485
The Effect of Weight Loss on the Sensitivity of Blood Pressure to Sodium in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Albert P. Rocchini, Jane Key, Diane Bondie, Robin Chico, Catherine Moorehead, Victor Katch, Monica Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

To clarify the role of sodium intake in the regulation of blood pressure in obese subjects, we measured blood pressure in 60 obese and 18 nonobese adolescents after successive two-week periods of a high-salt diet (>250 mmol of sodium per day) and a low-salt diet (<30 mmol per day). When they were changed from a high-salt to a low-salt diet, the obese group had a significantly larger mean change (±SE) in mean arterial pressure (-12±1 mm Hg) than did the nonobese group (+1±2 mm Hg; P<0.001). The variables that best predicted the degree of sodium sensitivity were the fasting plasma insulin level, the plasma aldosterone level while the low-salt diet was being given, the plasma norepinephrine level while the high-salt diet was being given, and the percentage of body weight made up by fat. Fifty-one of the obese adolescents were also studied before and after a 20-week weight-loss program. After the weight-loss program, the 36 subjects who lost more than 1 kg of body weight had a reduced sensitivity of blood pressure to sodium (difference from value during high-salt diet to that during low-salt diet, -1±1 mm Hg). The blood pressure of the remaining 15 adolescents was still sensitive to sodium intake (-11±3 mm Hg). These results support the hypothesis that the blood pressure of obese adolescents is sensitive to dietary sodium intake and that this sensitivity may be due to the combined effects of the hyperinsulinemia, hyperaldosteronism, and increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system that are characteristic of obesity. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:580–5.)
Abstract 2685: Regulation of melanoma metastasis by malignant melanoma-initiating cell marker ABCB5.
Authors: Jie Ma, Allireza Alloo, Brian J. Wilson, Markus H. Frank
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer stem cells drive tumor growth, including metastatic disease progression. ATP-binding cassette member B5 (ABCB5) expression identifies malignant melanoma initiating cells (MMICs), which are distinguishable from cancer bulk populations by their self-renewal and differentiation capacities, and pro-oncogenic interactions with the microenvironment. ABCB5 confers drug resistance in multiple human malignancies through its actions as a drug efflux transporter. Here, we demonstrate that ABCB5 also regulates melanoma metastasis. ABCB5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment significantly inhibited metastasis development in highly immune-compromised NOD-scid IL2Rγnull mice carrying fully established human melanoma xenografts, independent of previously reported antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) effects. ABCB5 mAb treatment was well tolerated, as indicated by equal body weights of treated mice and untreated controls. Moreover, ABCB5 mAb also inhibited melanoma cell invasive capacity, suggesting that ABCB5 regulates intravasation and/or extravasation of metastatic tumor cells. Furthermore, the average size of metastatic nodules in ABCB5 mAb-treated mice was significantly smaller than those in isotype control mAb-treated or untreated mice, indicating that ABCB5 also regulates proliferation of disseminated tumor cells. Expression profile analysis revealed that multiple known metastasis-associated genes are regulated by ABCB5. Rescue of their expression could reverse the anti-metastatic effects induced by ABCB5 inhibition. Thus, ABCB5 is not only a marker for MMICs, but functionally drives metastatic melanoma progression. Citation Format: Jie Ma, Allireza Alloo, Brian J. Wilson, Markus H. Frank. Regulation of melanoma metastasis by malignant melanoma-initiating cell marker ABCB5. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2685. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2685 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Are Endogenous Retroviruses Inborn Agents of Cancer?
Authors: J. Bowersox
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Are Endogenous Retroviruses Inborn Agents of Cancer? Get access John Bowersox John Bowersox Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 11, 2 June 1993, Pages 853–854, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.11.853 Published: 02 June 1993
State Health Agencies' Chronic Disease Programs Underfunded
Authors: E. Dixon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article State Health Agencies' Chronic Disease Programs Underfunded Get access Eleanor Dixon Eleanor Dixon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 13, 3 July 1991, Pages 911–912, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.13.911 Published: 03 July 1991