tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trampolines in New Zealand: a decade of injuries.
Authors: D J Chalmers, P A Hume, B D Wilson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1994)

Despite international concern about the safety of trampolines, they have become increasingly popular in New Zealand. While internationally attention has centred on a relatively few cases of catastrophic cervical spine injury, little research effort has been directed at placing these incidents in a wider context. To redress this, a descriptive epidemiological study of trampoline-related injury in New Zealand was undertaken. National hospitalization and mortality data for a 10-year period revealed 2098 hospitalizations and two deaths. The incidence rate for hospitalizations increased from 3.1 per 100,000 population per year in 1979 to 9.3 in 1988. Of the hospitalized victims, 71% were injured on home trampolines and 80% fell from the trampoline to the surrounding surface. Fractures were the commonest type of injury (68%), and the body site most frequently involved was the upper limb (53%). There was no evidence of a high incidence of severe head and neck injuries. It was concluded that, although existing trampoline standards addressed many of the issues raised by this research, measures to reduce the impact of falls from trampolines to the ground and to prohibit the provision of trampolines as 'play equipment' are required.
FoxA1 Specifies Unique Androgen and Glucocorticoid Receptor Binding Events in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Biswajyoti Sahu, Marko Laakso, Päivi Pihlajamaa, Kristian Ovaska, Ievgenii Sinielnikov, Sampsa Hautaniemi, Olli A. Jänne
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The forkhead protein FoxA1 has functions other than a pioneer factor, in that its depletion brings about a significant redistribution in the androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) cistromes. In this study, we found a novel function for FoxA1 in defining the cell-type specificity of AR- and GR-binding events in a distinct fashion, namely, for AR in LNCaP-1F5 cells and for GR in VCaP cells. We also found different, cell-type and receptor-specific compilations of cis-elements enriched adjacent to the AR- and GR-binding sites. The AR pathway is central in prostate cancer biology, but the role of GR is poorly known. We find that AR and GR cistromes and transcription programs exhibit significant overlap, and GR regulates a large number of genes considered to be AR pathway-specific. This raises questions about the role of GR in maintaining the AR pathway under androgen-deprived conditions in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. However, in the presence of androgen, ligand-occupied GR acts as a partial antiandrogen and attenuates the AR-dependent transcription program. Cancer Res; 73(5); 1570–80. ©2012 AACR.
All-trans retinoic acid converts E2F into a transcriptional suppressor and inhibits the growth of normal human bronchial epithelial cells through a retinoic acid receptor- dependent signaling pathway.
Authors: H Y Lee, D F Dohi, Y H Kim, G L Walsh, U Consoli, M Andreeff, M I Dawson, W K Hong, J M Kurie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Retinoids, including retinol and retinoic acid derivatives, maintain the normal growth and differentiation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and are under investigation as agents for lung cancer prevention. In this study, we examined the biologic effects of retinoids on normal HBE cells and the molecular mechanisms of retinoid actions. At a dose of 10(-6) M, all-trans retinoic acid (t-RA) suppressed the proliferation of normal HBE cells, which accumulated in the G0 phase. No evidence of programmed cell death was observed. The class of retinoid nuclear receptor that mediated the growth arrest was explored. Normal HBE cell growth was suppressed by a retinoid that selectively activates retinoic acid receptors but not by one that activates retinoid X receptors. The E2F transcription factor has demonstrated a role in G0 entry through transcriptional suppression of genes that induce cell cycle progression. To investigate the role of E2F in retinoid signaling, transient transfection assays were performed using reporter plasmids containing E2F-binding sites. Findings from these experiments suggested that t-RA treatment converted E2F into a transcriptional suppressor. Supporting this possibility, t-RA inhibited the expression of the E2F target genes B-myb, cyclin A, and cyclin E. Further, t-RA increased the levels of nuclear E2F-4, p107, and p130 and enhanced the binding of E2F-4 to p107, which have been associated with the conversion of E2F into a transcriptional suppressor in other cells. These findings point to retinoic acid receptor- and E2F-dependent pathways as potential mediators of retinoid-induced growth arrest in normal HBE cells and have implications for the use of retinoids in clinical trials on the prevention of lung cancer.
US stroke patients don't reach hospital quickly enough
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The spread of coronavirus in the United States with nearly one million confirmed cases and over 53,000 deaths has strained public health and health care systems. While many have focused on clinical outcomes, less attention has been paid to vulnerability and risk of infection. In this study, we developed a planning tool that examines factors that affect vulnerability to COVID-19. <h3>Methods</h3> Across 46 variables, we defined five broad categories: 1) access to medical, 2) underlying health conditions, 3) environmental exposures, 4) vulnerability to natural disasters, and 5) sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle factors. We also used reported rates for morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality in other regions to estimate risk at the county (Harris County) and census tract levels. <h3>Analysis</h3> A principal component analysis was undertaken to reduce the dimensions. Then, to identify vulnerable census tracts, we conducted rank-based exceedance and K-means cluster analyses. <h3>Results</h3> Our study showed a total of 722,357 (~17% of the County population) people, including 171,403 between the ages of 45-65 (~4% of County’s population), and 76,719 seniors (~2% of County population), are at a higher risk based on the aforementioned categories. The exceedance and K-means cluster analysis demonstrated that census tracts in the northeastern, eastern, southeastern and northwestern regions of the county are at highest risk. The results of age-based estimations of hospitalization rates showed the western part of the County might be in greater need of hospital beds. However, cross-referencing the vulnerability model with the estimation of potential hospitalized patients showed that part of the County has the least access to medical facilities. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Policy makers can use this planning tool to identify neighborhoods at high risk for becoming hot spots; efficiently match community resources with needs, and ensure that the most vulnerable have access to equipment, personnel, and medical interventions.
Can antibodies with specificity for soluble antigens mimic the therapeutic effects of intravenous IgG in the treatment of autoimmune disease?
Authors: Vinayakumar Siragam, Davor Brinc, Andrew R. Crow, Seng Song, John Freedman, Alan H. Lazarus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Intravenous Ig (IVIg) mediates protection from the effects of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) as well as numerous other autoimmune states; however, the active antibodies within IVIg are unknown. There is some evidence that antibodies specific for a cell-associated antigen on erythrocytes are responsible, at least in part, for the therapeutic effect of IVIg in ITP. Yet whether an IVIg directed to a soluble antigen can likewise be beneficial in ITP or other autoimmune diseases is also unknown. A murine model of ITP was used to determine the effectiveness of IgG specific to soluble antigens in treating immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Mice experimentally treated with soluble OVA + anti-OVA versus mice treated with OVA conjugated to rbcs (OVA-rbcs) + anti-OVA were compared. In both situations, mice were protected from ITP. Both these experimental therapeutic regimes acted in a complement-independent fashion and both also blocked reticuloendothelial function. In contrast to OVA-rbcs + anti-OVA, soluble OVA + anti-OVA (as well as IVIg) did not have any effect on thrombocytopenia in mice lacking the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIB (FcγRIIB–/– mice). Similarly, antibodies reactive with the endogenous soluble antigens albumin and transferrin also ameliorated ITP in an FcγRIIB-dependent manner. Finally, broadening the significance of these experiments was the finding that anti-albumin was protective in a K/BxN serum–induced arthritis model. We conclude that IgG antibodies directed to soluble antigens ameliorated 2 disparate IVIg-treatable autoimmune diseases.
Energetics of the negative and positive inotropism of pentobarbitone sodium in the canine left ventricle
Authors: T. Namba, M. Takaki, J. Araki, K. Ishioka, H. Suga
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Energetics of the negative and positive inotropism of pentobarbitone sodium in the canine left ventricle Get access Taketoshi Namba, Taketoshi Namba The Second Department of Physiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700, Japan: T Namba, M Takaki, J Araki, K Ishioka, H Suga. Correspondence to Dr Takaki. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Miyako Takaki, Miyako Takaki The Second Department of Physiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700, Japan: T Namba, M Takaki, J Araki, K Ishioka, H Suga. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Junichi Araki, Junichi Araki The Second Department of Physiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700, Japan: T Namba, M Takaki, J Araki, K Ishioka, H Suga. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kazunari Ishioka, Kazunari Ishioka The Second Department of Physiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700, Japan: T Namba, M Takaki, J Araki, K Ishioka, H Suga. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroyuki Suga Hiroyuki Suga The Second Department of Physiology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700, Japan: T Namba, M Takaki, J Araki, K Ishioka, H Suga. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 4, April 1994, Pages 557–564, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.4.557 Published: 01 April 1994 Article history Received: 30 September 1993 Accepted: 29 November 1993 Published: 01 April 1994
Gastric and duodenal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis: a prospective study of the nature and prevalence of upper gastrointestinal polyps.
Authors: R G Sarre, A G Frost, D G Jagelman, R E Petras, M V Sivak, E McGannon
Journal: Gut (1987)

One hundred patients with familial adenomatous polyposis have prospectively undergone gastroduodenoscopy to identify and characterise polyps found. Forty six patients had polyps in the stomach or duodenum. Thirty five patients had adenomas (33 in duodenum, two in stomach) and 26 patients had fundic gland polyps. Some of these patients had polyps in the stomach and the duodenum. Adenomas in the duodenum were present in 33% of patients studied with Gardner9s syndrome variant (p = 0.04). Adenomas were also more common in older patients. As adenomas may be a precursor of adenocarcinoma, routine surveillance of the stomach and duodenum with gastroduodenoscopy is recommended in patients affected with familial adenomatous polyposis.
The Connective Tissue Septa in the Foetal Human Lung
Authors: L. Reid, M. Rubino
Journal: Thorax (1959)

Immunological therapy in treatment of lung cancer has been introduced effectively. Nivolumab that is anti PD-1 monoclonal antibody has some immunological side effects. 50 years old male was diagnosed stage IV adenocarcinoma with bilaterally adrenal metastasis. The driver mutations (EGFR, ALK, ROS-1) were not detected. He had been treated with 3 lines chemotherapies. He had not responded any chemotherapy. We started nivolumab in the patient. After 10 days from the first therapy, he admitted to Emergency Unit of our hospital with dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, and changes of consciousness. Arterial blood pressure (80/50 mmHg) and randomized blood sugar (60 mg/dl) was low. He had dry mucosa and hyperpigmentation on his skin. We found Urea:93 mg/dl (&gt;50), Creatinin:2.11 mg/dl (&gt;1.5), Sodium:124 mEq/L (&lt;135), Potassium:6.7 mEq/L (&gt;5) in his blood and pH:7.23, pCO2:34.8, HCO3:14.2 (&lt;22) in arterial blood gases. We thought metabolic alkalosis secondary to hyperkalemia and adrenal insufficiency. Adrenocorticothrophic hormone (ACTH) level was 1234 (&gt;50), cortizol level (at 08:00 AM) 0.96 mcg/dl (&lt;10). In Cranial MR, there was no any acute pathology. In abdomen ultrasound, there was no any finding of adrenal bleeding or infection. The diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency was thought to be related with immunological side effect of nivolumab. The patient has been treated with intravenous steroid replacement. After the treatment, levels of sodium, potassium, ACTH, blood sugar and blood pressure has been normalized. We have presented a case with primary adrenal insufficiency secondary to nivolumab, as a very rare immunological side effect of this new drug.
IL-17A produced by αβ T cells drives airway hyper-responsiveness in mice and enhances mouse and human airway smooth muscle contraction
Authors: Makoto Kudo, Andrew C Melton, Chun Chen, Mary B Engler, Katherine E Huang, Xin Ren, Yanli Wang, Xin Bernstein, John T Li, Kamran Atabai, Xiaozhu Huang, Dean Sheppard
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Infants' minds, mothers' minds, and other minds: How individual differences in caregivers affect the co-construction of mind
Authors: Elizabeth Meins
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Carpendale &amp; Lewis's (C&amp;L's) constructivist account needs greater emphasis on how individual differences in caregivers' impact on the efficacy of epistemic triangle interaction in fostering children's understanding of mind. Caregivers' attunement to their infants' mental states and their willingness to enable infants to participate in exchanges about the mind are posited as important determinants of effective epistemic triangle interaction.
Selective digestive tract decontamination and selective oropharyngeal decontamination and antibiotic resistance in patients in intensive-care units: an open-label, clustered group-randomised, crossover study
Authors: Anne Marie GA de Smet, Jan AJW Kluytmans, Hetty EM Blok, Ellen M Mascini, Robin FJ Benus, Alexandra T Bernards, Ed J Kuijper, Maurine A Leverstein-van Hall, Arjan R Jansz, Bartelt M de Jongh, Gerard J van Asselt, Ine HME Frenay, Steven FT Thijsen, Simon NM Conijn, Jan A Kaan, Jan P Arends, Patrick DJ Sturm, Martin CJ Bootsma, Marc JM Bonten
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2011)
Dissecting the contribution of innate and antigen-specific pathways to the breach of self-tolerance observed in a murine model of arthritis
Authors: M B Nickdel, P Conigliaro, G Valesini, S Hutchison, R Benson, R V Bundick, A J Leishman, I B McInnes, J M Brewer, P Garside
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

The relative roles of innate immunity and antigen-specific T cells in rheumatoid arthritis remain controversial. Previous studies demonstrated that T-helper type 1 cells of irrelevant antigen specificity (ovalbumin) induced a transient arthritis in BALB/c mice, which recapitulates many of the pre-articular and articular features of human disease and is associated with the emergence of autoreactive T and B-cell responses to joint-specific antigens. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon were unclear.The aim of this study was to dissect the relative contribution of innate and heterologous antigen-specific pathways to the breach of self-tolerance and pathology observed in this model and how this may result from modified T and B-cell interactions.To address this issue, experimental arthritis was elicited either by a non-specific inflammatory stimulus alone, by activation of T cells of an irrelevant specificity or a combination of both.The non-specific inflammatory response generated by lipopolysaccharide led to articular inflammation and cartilage erosion, but did not break tolerance to joint-specific antigens. In contrast, local activation of T cells of an irrelevant specificity produced a similar pathological picture but, in addition, induced T-cell responses to unrelated joint-specific antigens with associated activation of autoreactive B cells. These effects could be further potentiated by the addition of lipopolysaccharide.These data demonstrate that non-specific inflammation alone is insufficient to breach self-tolerance. In contrast, T cells of an irrelevant specificity, when triggered locally in an antigen-specific manner, can breach self-tolerance leading to arthritis and autoantibody production, which can then be amplified in a non-specific manner.
Disclosure of Condom Breakage to Sexual Partners
Authors: Jacqueline Boles
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —With approximately 3 million unintended pregnancies<sup>1</sup>and 12 million cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs),including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, occurring among Americans each year,<sup>2</sup>latex condom use remains an important component of public health prevention strategies. When used consistently and correctly,<sup>3</sup>condoms are effective for preventing pregnancy and the transmission of STDs and HIV infection. However, condoms occasionally break during intercourse,<sup>4</sup>and little research exists on men's disclosure of condom breakage to female sex partners.<sup>5</sup>We report on men who did not inform their female partners about condom breakage and discuss public health implications of this behavior. During 1993 and 1994, we recruited a sample of male students through advertisements about a research study on condoms posted on the campuses of 2 Georgia universities. Men participated in a standardized interview about their use of condoms and experiences with condom breakage during
A computational approach for identifying pseudogenes in the ENCODE regions.
Authors: Deyou Zheng, Mark B Gerstein
Journal: Genome biology (2006)

Pseudogenes are inheritable genetic elements showing sequence similarity to functional genes but with deleterious mutations. We describe a computational pipeline for identifying them, which in contrast to previous work explicitly uses intron-exon structure in parent genes to classify pseudogenes. We require alignments between duplicated pseudogenes and their parents to span intron-exon junctions, and this can be used to distinguish between true duplicated and processed pseudogenes (with insertions).Applying our approach to the ENCODE regions, we identify about 160 pseudogenes, 10% of which have clear 'intron-exon' structure and are thus likely generated from recent duplications.Detailed examination of our results and comparison of our annotation with the GENCODE reference annotation demonstrate that our computation pipeline provides a good balance between identifying all pseudogenes and delineating the precise structure of duplicated genes.
Churg-Strauss syndrome and leukotriene antagonist use: a respiratory perspective
Authors: N Nathani, M A Little, H Kunst, D Wilson, D R Thickett
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare granulomatous small vessel vasculitis that occurs against a background of longstanding asthma. Leukotriene antagonists (LTAs) are used in the management of asthma and may facilitate a reduction in steroid dosage. Reports of the development of CSS in patients with asthma following the initiation of LTA therapy suggest either a causal association or an unmasking of latent CSS as steroid doses fall. We have undertaken a systematic review to establish whether evidence of a drug induced syndrome exists.Systematic review searching Medline from database inception to August 2007 to identify cases with a possible association between LTAs and CSS. Hill's criteria of causation were used to assess strength of causality.62 cases in which CSS developed after the introduction of LTA therapy were identified. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 had received no previous steroid therapy; group 2 had been treated with oral and/or inhaled corticosteroids, but had no change in steroid therapy following LTA introduction; and group 3 had a clear reduction in steroid therapy following introduction of LTA therapy. The majority of patients from each group exhibited a clear temporal relationship between initiation of LTA and development of CSS, with no evidence of pre-existing disease.Currently available evidence suggests an association between LTA and CSS that may be causal.
Postpneumonectomy oesophagopleural fistula.
Authors: J M Van Den Bosch, J Swierenga, H J Gelissen, C D Laros
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Patients with oesophagopleural fistula after a pneumonectomy present a difficult therapeutic problem. There are two types of presentation, early and late. We report three cases in addition to the 49 previously published. All three patients developed their fistulae after right-sided pneumonectomy (one month, four years, and 21 years respectively) and presented with the features of an empyema. The existence of an oesophagopleural fistula can be demonstrated by the discovery of food particles in the pleural aspirate, by direct visualisation during oesophagoscopy after instilling methylene blue into the pleural cavity, by barium swallow, or by identification of helium in the pleural space after swallowing a mouthful of helium. After the initial treatment of empyema we believe that surgical repair of the oesophagopleural fistula is the treatment of choice.
John Stanley Mornington Zorab
Authors: Peter Baskett, Peter Simpson, John Carter
Journal: BMJ (2007)

John Stanley Mornington Zorab was born on 16 January 1929 into a strong medical family, all of his five brothers going into medicine or dentistry. John was the youngest and the last survivor of his generation. He was educated at Cheltenham College, and then read medicine at Guys, qualifying MRCS LRCP in 1957.

By all accounts he had moments of considerable non-conformity at medical school. In cahoots with his mother, he made some printed notepaper purporting to come from the Countess Schleswig-Holstein announcing that the countess would be attending the final of the Hospitals Rugby Cup and would be pleased to be looked after in suitable fashion. There was much fussing about in the higher echelons and the dean, the vice chancellor and the lord mayor all turned out. The countess (alias John's mother) turned up looking very regal in a Rolls Royce hired by John and was danced attendance on by the sycophants. He never really had the heart to tell them.

He married Shirley in 1953, and their marriage was to prove a great and lasting success for them both for over 50 years. He trained in anaesthesia at Guy's, Westminster, and Southampton, under Sir Geoffrey Organe and Cyril Scurr from the Westminster, Phillip Helliwell from Guy's, and Patrick Shackleton from Southampton, obtaining his FFARCS (now FRCA) in 1962.

John was appointed to his consultant post at Frenchay in mid-1966, where he met Peter Baskett …
Role of the multidisciplinary team in breast cancer management: results from a large international survey involving 39 countries
Authors: K.S. Saini, C. Taylor, A.-J. Ramirez, C. Palmieri, U. Gunnarsson, H.J. Schmoll, S.M. Dolci, C. Ghenne, O. Metzger-Filho, M. Skrzypski, M. Paesmans, L. Ameye, M.J. Piccart-Gebhart, E. de Azambuja
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)