tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurogenic Tumors in Coho Salmon (&lt;italic&gt;Oncorhynchus kisutch&lt;/italic&gt;) Reared in Well Water in Japan&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P Masahito, T Ishikawa, A Yanagisawa, H Sugano, K Ikeda
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Neurogenic tumors were found protruding from various parts of the body of 23 coho salmon. The tumor-bearing fish were first- or second-generation fish derived from eggs imported at the eyed stage to Japan from the United States. Twenty-two of the tumors were in young adults and varied from 14 to 80 mm in maximum diameter. Histologically, the tumors were composed of spindle-shaped cells with abundant fibrous stroma. One tumor showed typical nuclear palisading. All tumors in young adults invaded locally muscle and adipose tissues. These tumors were similar in histologic appearance to malignant schwannomas in humans. One tumor found in a fingerling coho salmon was identified as an ependymoblastoma. The Vectstain avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoperoxidase staining procedure for S-100 protein revealed that the S-100 protein existed in an ependymoblastoma and in areas of typical nuclear palisading in a malignant schwannoma in coho salmon. The occurrence of soft tissue tumors in coho salmon was first recorded in Japan. The morphology and etiology of the present cases were compared with those of the tumors in salmon reported from the United States. Judging from the conditions in which the fish were reared, the development of these tumors was not related to halogenated compounds formed during water chlorination, as suggested previously. The environmental factor(s) responsible for their development has not yet been identified, and genetic influences may have been a contributory factor.
The application of local hypobaric pressure — A novel means to enhance macromolecule entry into the skin
Authors: R. Inacio, S. Poland, X.J. Cai, S.J. Cleary, S. Ameer-Beg, J. Keeble, S.A. Jones
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)

The local application of controlled hypobaric stress represents a novel means to facilitate drug delivery into the skin. The aims of this work were to understand how hypobaric stress modified the properties of the skin and assess if this penetration enhancement strategy could improve the percutaneous penetration of a macromolecule. Measurements of skin thickness demonstrated that the topical application of hypobaric stress thinned the tissue (p<0.05), atomic force microscopy showed that it shrunk the corneocytes in the stratum corneum (p<0.001) and the imaging of the skin hair follicles using multiphoton microscopy showed that it opened the follicular infundibula (p<0.001). Together, these changes contributed to a 19.6-fold increase in in vitro percutaneous penetration of a 10,000 molecular weight dextran molecule, which was shown using fluorescence microscopy to be localized around the hair follicles, when applied to the skin using hypobaric stress. In vivo, in the rat, a local hemodynamic response (i.e. a significant increase in blood flow, p<0.001) was shown to contribute to the increase in follicular transport of the dextran to produce a systemic absorption of 7.2±2.81fg·mL(-1). When hypobaric stress was not applied to the rat there was no detectable absorption of dextran and this provided evidence that this novel penetration enhancement technique can improve the percutaneous penetration of macromolecules after topical application to the skin.
Subclinical joint inflammation in patients with psoriasis without concomitant psoriatic arthritis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis
Authors: Francesca Faustini, David Simon, Isabelle Oliveira, Arnd Kleyer, Judith Haschka, Matthias Englbrecht, Alan Rodrigues Cavalcante, Sebastian Kraus, Taiane Ponte Tabosa, Camille Figueiredo, Axel J Hueber, Roland Kocijan, Alexander Cavallaro, Georg Schett, Michael Sticherling, Jürgen Rech
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

To search for subclinical inflammatory joint disease in patients with psoriasis without psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and to determine whether such changes are associated with the later development of PsA.Eighty-five subjects without arthritis (55 with psoriasis and 30 healthy controls) received high field MRI of the hand. MRI scans were scored for synovitis, osteitis, tenosynovitis and periarticular inflammation according to the PsAMRIS method. Patients with psoriasis additionally received complete clinical investigation, high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT for detecting erosions and enthesiophytes and were followed up for at least 1 year for the development of PsA.47% of patients with psoriasis showed at least one inflammatory lesion on MRI. Synovitis was the most prevalent inflammatory lesion (38%), while osteitis (11%), tenosynovitis (4%) and periarticular inflammation (4%) were less frequent. The mean (±SD) PsAMRIS synovitis score was 3.0±2.5 units. Enthesiophytes and bone erosions were not different between patients with psoriasis with or without inflammatory MRI changes. The risk for developing PsA was as high as 60% if patients had subclinical synovitis and symptoms related to arthralgia, but only 13% if patients had normal MRIs and did not report arthralgia.Prevalence of subclinical inflammatory lesions is high in patients with cutaneous psoriasis. Arthralgia in conjunction with MRI synovitis constitutes a high-risk constellation for the development of PsA.
Weekly carboplatin and VM-26 for elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer
Authors: G. Michel, S. Leyvraz, J. Bauer, M. Aapro, R. Stahel, P. Alberto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)

Elderly patients are excluded from chemotherapy trials, even though they represent 25% of those with small cell lung cancer. An effective chemotherapy regimen with limited toxicity should be developed with the aim not only of increasing the survival of these patients, but also of improving their quality of life and their independence.Twenty-four patients with a median age of 72 years and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were included in the trial. Chemotherapy consisted of a weekly intravenous regimen of Carboplatin 80 mg/m2 and Teniposide 80 mg/m2 administered on an outpatient basis.Eight patients had limited and 16 extensive disease. After a median of 12 chemotherapy courses (2-31) the overall response rate was 66.7% (95% Cl: 44.7-84.4), with 5 patients in complete and 11 in partial remission. The median overall survival was 33 weeks, with 4 patients alive at more than one year. Improvement of symptoms occurred in 86% of patients. Toxicity, mainly hematological, was moderate.Weekly Carboplatin and VM-26 is an effective and non-toxic regimen for elderly patients, leading to results similar to those obtained with a more intensive regimen in a younger age group.
Ceramide, a mediator of apoptosis, synergizes with paclitaxel to induce regression of the L3.6 human pancreatic carcinoma implanted in SCID mice
Authors: D. Shrayer, D. Essis, S. Mehta, H. Wanebo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2135 Background: Ceramide, a sphingolipid metabolite, is an active signal for apoptosis. Our group has shown that it amplifies cytotoxicity induced by Paclitaxel (Taxol) and other chemotherapeutic agents in a variety of cancer cell lines (Myrick et al, 1999). Based on in vitro demonstration of synergistic activity of C6 ceramide ((C) with Taxol (T) against highly metastatic L3.6 pancreatic line (derived by Fidler), we studied C and T in SCID mice with growing L3.6 pancreatic cancer. Methods: SCID/Beige/Taconic mice 25 were injected S.C. in the internal surface of the right thigh with 2x106 L3.6 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells in a volume of 0.9ml. Four days later, mice had developed primary tumors/average volume: 0.1cm3. Intraperitoneal injections of Taxol,1.5, 3.0 and 4.5mg/kg (Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA) +/- C6 Ceramide (N-hexahoyl-sphingosine) Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), 10 mg/kg was started and continued for 4 wks, 3x/wk. We observed 8 groups of mice, 5 mice/group including one untreated control group. Bidirectional diameters of primary L3.6 tumors were measured weekly by caliper. Tumor volumes were calculated using formula Vcm3-higher diameter x (smaller diameter)2/2. Results: The L3.6 implants grew rapidly during wk 2–4 and were only marginally affected by (T) or (C) alone(12% mean regression). Combination T+C induced high rate of dose related regression (mean 69%) and preserved animal weight (<8% wt loss) with mean survival of 93% vs. 18.6% mean wt loss and 60% mean survival with T therapy alone. At 6 weeks survival in all 3 T+C groups was 60% vs. 20% with T alone. Conclusions: C6 Ceramide significantly amplifies the T induced regression of the highly metastatic human L3.6 pancreatic cancer implanted in SCID mice while preserving animal wt. The biologic process underlying the high degree of syngerism of therapeutic index by C6 ceramide is under study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Donor lymphocyte infusions: the door is open.
Authors: R J Soiffer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.416 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9053460 Donor lymphocyte infusions: the door is open. R J SoifferxR J SoifferSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.416 PDF "Donor lymphocyte infusions: the door is open.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15(2), pp. 416–417© 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Sulfhydryl Dependence of Ribonucleases of Normal and Neoplastic Hepatic Tissues
Authors: Mary E. Maver, Antoinette E. Greco
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Ribonuclease (RNase) activities of homogenates and active nuclease preparations from normal rat liver, Novikoff hepatoma, and Hepatoma 3683 (Morris) were assayed over a pH range of 4.8 to 9.0. Addition of a sulfhydryl reagent, p-chloromercuribenzoate (CMB), increased the alkaline RNase activity of the homogenates 2 to 3 times by releasing the enzyme from an inhibitor described by Roth. Hepatoma 3683 showed less RNase activity than the normal liver or Novikoff hepatoma, both before and after CMB was added. Procedures for the separation and purification of the acid and alkaline RNase activities of the nuclease preparations from normal liver, Novikoff hepatoma, and Hepatoma 3683 are described. The acid RNase activities in chromatographically separated fractions from crude precipitates of rat liver and from the nuclease preparations were sensitive to inhibition by CMB, and this inhibition could be reversed by excess cysteine or glutathione. Chromatographically purified acid RNase activities from the nuclease preparations were used in experiments in which the rates of inhibition of RNase activity and of mercaptide formation were assayed in the presence of the same amounts of the mercurial. Sulfhydryl dependence of the acid RNase was supported by the definite correlation between the rate of inhibition of activity and the rate of formation of the mercaptide, as titrated spectrophotometrically. These rates appeared characteristic of the acid RNase of each tissue. With the same procedure, it could not be shown that the chromatographically purified alkaline RNase activities were dependent on sulfhydryl groups for activity.
Matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP2) is selective expressed in adrenocortical carcinoma but not in adrenal adenoma: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: P. Sperone, M. Volante, A. Berruti, E. Bollito, E. Frangipane, F. Daffara, M. Terzolo, G. Gorzegno, L. Dogliotti, M. Papotti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14534 Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a very rare disease which account for no more than 0.2% of all malignancies, and its differential diagnosis from adrenocortical adenomas (ACA) is based on the application of different scoring systems, which, however, lack a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Little is known on the mechanisms leading to the malignant phenotype in adrenocortical tumors; among alternative mechanisms, metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been demonstrated in solid tumors, including endocrine ones, to be implicated in malignant progression and metastatization. Our aim was to investigate metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression in adrenocortical tumors. Methods: A series of 33 ACC and 23 ACA was retrospectively collected from a large series of adrenocortical lesions, and the diagnosis was reviewed independently by three investigators (MV, EB, MP) according to the Weiss histological criteria. MMP2 was determined by immunohistochemistry and the results scored by semi-quantitative analysis, based on the intensity of the staining and the percentage of tumor cells positive. Immunohistochemical results were compared to clinico-pathological parameters, such as sex, age, hormonal secretion, and outcome. Results: MMP2 expression was detected in 1/23 ACA (4%), and in 25/33 ACC (76%) (X-square test p &lt; 0.001). MMP2 immunohistochemical pattern in ACC was focal to moderate to strong in 10, 12 and 3 cases, respectively. In addition, moderate to strong MMP2 expression, as compared to low or negative immunostaining, correlated with shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.012) and poor outcome (p = 0.07). No correlation were found comparing MMP2 expression and other clinico-pathological parameters. Conclusions: As reported in a variety of solid tumors, our data indicates a possible role of MMP2 in the malignant evolution of adrenocortical tumors, and its immunohistochemical localization may be a potential useful tool in the differential diagnosis of benign versus malignant adrenocortical lesions. In addition, a strong immunohistochemical MMP2 expression seems to be related to a poor prognosis in ACC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Misdiagnosed Periocular Pyoderma Gangrenosum Requiring Ectropion Repair With Development of Second Lesion of Pyoderma Gangrenosum at Graft Site
Authors: Caren Campbell, Jeffrey P. Callen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

3][4] Similar reports of PG causing ectropion have been reported 3,5 and highlight the concern for formation of PG lesions at sites of surgical incisions, such as graft sites, coined postoperative PG. 6 Pathergy has been described in roughly 20% to 30% of patients with PG, 1 and given this risk, preoperative and postoperative immunosuppression with systemic corticosteroids has been recommended.Use of oral prednisone at the time of surgery might have prevented the development of the new ulceration in this patient.
Outpatient Management of Cancer-Related Pulmonary Embolism: a Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of 803 Patients from the Epiphany Study
Authors: A. Carmona-Bayonas, M. Biosca, C. Font Puig, L. Faez, M.D.P. Solís Hernández, P. Jimenez Fonseca, M. Antonio Rebollo, I. De La Haba, E. Castanon Alvarez, C. Beato, A. Ramchandani, M.A. Vicente Conesa, O. Madridano, R. Otero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Breast Cancer Consensus Meetings: Vive la Difference?
Authors: Nancy E. Davidson, Mark Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.7.1719 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11919226 Breast Cancer Consensus Meetings: Vive la Difference? Nancy E. DavidsonxNancy E. DavidsonSearch for articles by this author , Mark LevinexMark LevineSearch for articles by this author Show More The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MDHamilton Regional Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.7.1719 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Breast Cancer Consensus Meetings: Vive la Difference?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20(7), pp. 1719–1920© 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Medical Council of India approves proposal for single entrance exam for medical school
Authors: Cheryl Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The Medical Council of India has approved a proposal from the health ministry for a single national exam for entry to medical school. 

Currently students applying for undergraduate and postgraduate medical degrees in India have to take multiple entrance exams set by individual state governments, private medical colleges, and universities. 

The joint proposal for a single national exam, prepared by the health ministry and the Medical Council of India, was unanimously adopted at …
Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome—Review of This Rare Disease
Authors: Erinn N. Kim, Kathleen Lamb, Daniel Relles, Neil Moudgill, Paul J. DiMuzio, Joshua A. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Median arcuate ligament (MAL) syndrome is a rare disease resulting from compression of the celiac axis by fibrous attachments of the diaphragmatic crura, the median arcuate ligament. Diagnostic workup and therapeutic intervention can be challenging. <h3>Objective</h3> To review the literature to define an algorithm for accurate diagnosis and successful treatment for patients with MAL syndrome. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> A search of PubMed (1995-September 28, 2015) was conducted, using the key terms<i>median arcuate ligament syndrome</i>and<i>celiac artery compression syndrome</i>. <h3>Findings</h3> Typically a diagnosis of exclusion, MAL syndrome involves a vague constellation of symptoms including epigastric pain, postprandial pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Extrinsic compression of the vasculature and surrounding neural ganglion has been implicated as the cause of these symptoms. Multiple imaging techniques can be used to demonstrate celiac artery compression by the MAL including mesenteric duplex ultrasonography, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, gastric tonometry, and mesenteric arteriography. Surgical intervention involves open, laparoscopic, or robotic ligament release; celiac ganglionectomy; and celiac artery revascularization. There remains a limited role for angioplasty because this intervention does not address the underlying extrinsic compression resulting in symptoms, although angioplasty with stenting may be used in recalcitrant cases. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Median arcuate ligament syndrome is rare, and as a diagnosis of exclusion, diagnosis and treatment paradigms can be unclear. Based on previously published studies, symptom relief can be achieved with a variety of interventions including celiac ganglionectomy as well as open, laparoscopic, or robotic intervention.
Asthma and respiratory allergy prevalence is still increasing among Finnish young adults
Authors: Pekka Jousilahti, Tari Haahtela, Tiina Laatikainen, Mika Mäkelä, Erkki Vartiainen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Asthma and allergic diseases are a major public health problem, and their prevalence has been increasing in Finland and other developed countries since the 1960s [1, 2]. Even though understanding of the origin of these conditions has improved in the last decades, tools for prevention are limited. The main aetiological hypotheses have varied over time. In the 1970–1980s, the main focus was on tobacco smoking and environmental pollution. In the 1990s, the "allergy epidemic" was linked with vaccinations, improved hygiene and reduced burden of infectious disease. During the last 10 years, reduced contact with environmental microbiota has been highlighted [3, 4]. We report here the self-reported prevalence of asthma, hay fever or other allergic rhinitis and allergic eye symptom over a 15-year period among the Finnish adult population. Asthma and respiratory allergy are still increasing in Finland, which is mainly explained by the cohort effect <http://ow.ly/UwhND>
Estimation of prevalence and features of smoking status in young people
Authors: Natalia Mokina, Galina Sakharova, Nikolay Antonov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The purpose.  To study the prevalence and features of tobacco smoking in young people (students) of Samara region, for revealing the most informative, sensitive and specific tests at the given category.   Methods.  158 young people aged of 17-27 years (20,6±2,1), 66 male and 88 female were surveyed by means of BMI, PEF, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, the experience and intensity of smoking, smoking index.   Results.  59 % men were smokers and 41 % non-smokers. 15 % women were smokers and 85 % non-smokers. The greatest number smoking was at the age of 22 years of both sexes.  The most informative parameters by standard canonical coefficient (SCC) were: PEF (SCC=4,7), the factor of smoking (SKK=1,4), the intensity of smoking (SCC=1,3), the age (SCC=0,7).  The ROC-analysis has shown the greatest sensitivity and specificity, at a confidential interval of 95 %, for: PEF (AUROC=0,9), smoking index (AUROC=0,7), smoking duration (AUROC=0,7), smoking intensity (AUROC=0,7).   The conclusion.  Thus, the group of high risk was young people aged 22 years of both sexes. The most informative, sensitive and specific tests at the given category of patients were PEF, ΠCB, smoking index, duration and intensity.
Mathematical Modeling Reveals That Changes to Local Cell Density Dynamically Modulate Baseline Variations in Cell Growth and Drug Response
Authors: James M. Greene, Doron Levy, Sylvia P. Herrada, Michael M. Gottesman, Orit Lavi
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Cell-to-cell variations contribute to drug resistance with consequent therapy failure in cancer. Experimental techniques have been developed to monitor tumor heterogeneity, but estimates of cell-to-cell variation typically fail to account for the expected spatiotemporal variations during the cell growth process. To fully capture the extent of such dynamic variations, we developed a mechanistic mathematical model supported by in vitro experiments with an ovarian cancer cell line. We introduce the notion of dynamic baseline cell-to-cell variation, showing how the emerging spatiotemporal heterogeneity of one cell population can be attributed to differences in local cell density and cell cycle. Manipulation of the geometric arrangement and spatial density of cancer cells revealed that given a fixed global cell density, significant differences in growth, proliferation, and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis rates were observed based solely on cell movement and local conditions. We conclude that any statistical estimate of changes in the level of heterogeneity should be integrated with the dynamics and spatial effects of the baseline system. This approach incorporates experimental and theoretical methods to systematically analyze biologic phenomena and merits consideration as an underlying reference model for cell biology studies that investigate dynamic processes affecting cancer cell behavior. Cancer Res; 76(10); 2882-90. ©2016 AACR.
A Multicenter Controlled, Randomized, Open Trial of Interferon α2b Treatment of Anti–Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Hemophilic Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Maria Grazia Rumi, Elena Santagostino, M. Morfini, A. Gringeri, G. Tagariello, A. Chistolini, Patrizia Pontisso, A. Tagger, M. Colombo, P.M. Mannucci
Journal: Blood (1997)