tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patterns of mortality after prolonged follow-up of a randomized trial using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to maintain chemotherapy dose intensity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
Authors: A. R. Clamp, S. Bhattacharya, D. W. Ryder, R. Pettengell, J. A. Radford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7590 Background: Recombinant G-CSF is commonly used to maintain chemotherapy dose intensity and reduce the incidence of infective complications in the management of NHL. The possible impact of this effect on mortality patterns after prolonged follow-up is worthy of investigation. We investigated the long-term survival and incidence of second malignancies in the first randomized trial utilising recombinant G-CSF in NHL (Pettengell R et al Blood 1992, 80: 1430–1436). Methods: Data on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), freedom from progression (FFP) and the incidence of second malignancies were extracted from medical records and cancer registry databases for 80 patients with aggressive subtypes of NHL, who had previously been randomised to receive either VAPEC-B chemotherapy alone (39 patients) or VAPEC-B with G-CSF (41 patients). 10 year survival figures were extracted and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were drawn for the above parameters and compared between treatment groups using the log-rank test. Results: Median follow-up was 11.8 years for surviving patients (range 7.8–13.1 yrs). Patients receiving G-CSF achieved a 12% higher median dose intensity of chemotherapy. No significant differences were found in PFS or OS but 10 year FFP appeared to be better in the G-CSF arm (60.8%) compared with the control arm (45.6%) (log-rank test p=0.12). Eleven deaths from non-NHL causes occurred in the G-CSF arm compared with three in the control arm (log- rank test p=0.06). Five second malignancies were detected on long-term follow-up in the G-CSF arm compared with two in the control arm. Conclusions: The demonstration of different mortality patterns in the two arms may be related to the greater dose intensity of chemotherapy received in the G-CSF arm. Although, our study has insufficient statistical power to draw definite conclusions, this finding warrants further investigation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Gemcitabine/paclitaxel compared to gemcitabine/vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer: An interim analysis
Authors: A. Bensalem, K. Bouzid
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

1097 Background: New combinations and strategies have been developed over the past 10 years including new drugs such as taxanes and gemcitabine. It is not clear whether the activity of the gemcitabine-paclitaxel (GP) combination regimen would translate into better progression-free or overall survival (OS) when compared with gemcitabine-vinorelbine (GV) especially in metastatic breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the overall response rate (RR) of GP Vs GV. Secondary objectives included individual responses of GP and GV, time to progression (TTP), time to treatment failure (TTF), OS, and toxicities. Methods: Patients(pts) with histological diagnosis of stage IV or recurrent breast cancer who had PS =2 and measurable disease were randomized to receive GP (Gemcitabine: 1,250mg/m 2 D1 &amp; D8- paclitaxel: 175 mg/m 2 D1, D1=D28) or GV (Gemcitabine: 1,250mg/m 2 D1 &amp; D8 - vinorelbine: 25mg/m 2 D1 &amp; D8, D1=D21). Pts received anthracycline and/or capecitabine chemotherapy in adjuvant and/or metastatic setting. Results: Of 47 patients enrolled, 24 patients were randomized to GP arm and 23 to GV arm. 72% of patients were stage IV and 28% recurrent disease. To date, all patients were qualified for safety, TTF, TTP and OS analysis. Hematologic toxicities were: Neutropenia in 23% in GP Vs 17% in GV, Anemia in 12% in GP Vs 9% in GV. Non hematologic toxicities were essentially nausea and vomiting grad 2–3 in 27% in GP Vs 31% in GV. Anti-emetic agents were administrated to decrease them. The Complete Response (CR) was 27% in GP Vs 30% in GV, the Partial Response (PR) was 23% in GP Vs 17% in GV; with an Overall Response Rate (ORR) of 50% in GP Vs 47% in GV. Median TTF in weeks was 12 in GP Vs 14 in GV. Median TTP (weeks) was 14 in GP Vs 19 in GV. Median OS (weeks) was 32 in GP Vs 50 in GV. Conclusions: In our experience, schedules incriminating gemcitabine are efficient and produce clinical benefit and there activities are very interesting. The analysis of the useful of paclitaxel or vinorelbine associated to gemcitabine demonstrates that these associations are active with no significant differences in toxicities. Therefore, the questions are what regimens, for what patients to what high responses in pre-treated metastatic breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Zika Virus and Microcephaly
Authors: Eric J. Rubin, Michael F. Greene, Lindsey R. Baden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Zika virus has been sweeping through South and Central America, with more than a million suspected cases during the past few months, along with a substantial increase in reporting of infants born with microcephaly.1,2 Thus far, the two outbreaks have largely been epidemiologically associated in time and geography. However, Mlakar and colleagues3 now report in the Journal molecular genetic and electron-microscopic data from a case that helps to strengthen the biologic association. This group cared for a pregnant European woman in whom a syndrome compatible with Zika virus infection developed at 13 weeks of gestation while she was working . . .
Joint use of specific and nonspecific means for prevention of pneumonia in recruits
Authors: Pavel Ogarkov, Sergey Zhogolev, Konstantin Jogolev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Pneumonias in military servicemen develop frequently beside a respiratory viral infection in subjects with lowered resistance. So, besides pneumococcal vaccine it is expediently to use immunocorrecting drugs and antiviral agents for prevention pneumonia.   Aim:  To study the efficacy of combined use of pneumococcal vaccine and supplementary prevention means.   Methods:  Five groups of military servicemen numbering 120 to 240 persons received, in addition to pneumococcal vaccination, one of preventive means. Persons of the 1st group received influenza virus vaccine, the 2nd group received imudon, the 3rd group bronchomunal, the 4th group cytovir-3, the 5th group arbidol during 4-10 days. Comparative groups were in the same conditions as experimentation groups and received pneumococcal vaccine only.   Results:  In 1 and 3 months after the onset of agents9 administration in all the groups in which supplementary preventive agents were administered together with pneumococcal vaccine, an incidence of pneumonia and acute respiratory infections was from 1.6 to 3.5 times lower than in the comparative groups. Thus, one and three months after imudon administration, its efficacy index against pneumonia was 3.5 and 2.2 respectively. The efficacy of supplementary agents was most marked during the first month following administration onset.   Conclusion:  To prevent pneumonia in recruits, it is a good practice to use, together with pneumococcal vaccine, influenza virus vaccine, vaccinal immunomodulating agents (such as imudon, bronchomunal), immunocorrecting agents (such as cytovir-3), antiviral medications (such as arbidol) in first days following call-up.
Female doctors hit back at claim they avoid antisocial hours
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Doctors have hit back at claims in the UK media that women in the profession wish to avoid working antisocial hours. 

Writing in the Sunday Times , the journalist Dominic Lawson said that an increasing number of female doctors was an important—but unspoken—factor in the disagreement over changes to antisocial hours proposed in the new contract for junior doctors. He also argued that more female GPs who didn’t want to work unsocial hours had meant “an increasing pile-up in the …
Acute changes in intracellular ions or pH and regulation of aldose reductase activity.
Authors: J M Sands, D C Schrader
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

Sorbitol production in the renal medulla increases in dehydrated rats, indicating that aldose reductase activity varies with the state of hydration. This response could be due to an increased synthesis of the enzyme (Moriyama T et al. J Biol Chem 1989:264:16810-16814) and/or a change in aldose reductase activity caused by acute changes in intracellular ionic composition, ionic strength, osmolality, or pH. Aldose reductase activity in tubules dissected from kidneys of control rats and rats undergoing water diuresis was measured, and the tubules were permeabilized so that changes in intracellular composition that would occur during dehydration could be induced experimentally. Aldose reductase activity did not change consistently as sodium, potassium, chloride, or osmolality were varied. Aldose reductase activity did increase acutely when sulfate was raised or when pH was lowered to pH 6.2 to 6.8, corresponding to the pH optimum of the enzyme. The small magnitude of change in enzyme activity suggests that the major influence of dehydration on aldose reductase activity is to increase enzyme synthesis. It was concluded that aldose reductase activity is not acutely regulated by changes in sodium, potassium, chloride, or osmolality. The stability of aldose reductase activity despite changes in ionic composition or osmolality supports the hypothesis that acute regulation of intracellular sorbitol content occurs by variation in cell sorbitol permeability and not by variation in cell sorbitol production.
원저 : 타목시펜이 간세포암 세포주의 성장과 Transforming Growth Factor-β 1의 발현에 미치는 영향
Authors: 신정우 ( Jung Woo Shin ), 정영화 ( Young Hwa Chung ), 박무인 ( Moo In Park ), 김정아 ( Jeong A Kim ), 최민희 ( Min Hee Choi ), 이윤정 ( Yoon Jung Lee ), 류수형 ( Soo Hyung Ryu ), 박능화 ( Neung Hwa Park ), 이한주 ( Han Chu Lee ), 이영상 ( Yung Sang Lee ), 서동진 ( Dong Jin Suh)
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2003)

목적: 타목시펜을 진행성 간세포암 환자에게 투여한 결과 일부에서 효과가 있었다는 보고가 있으나 타목시펜이 간세포암의 성장을 억제하는 기전은 밝혀져 있지 않다. TGF-β1은 간세포암의 성장과 분화에 관여하는 중요한 성장인자로 알려져 있으며 최근 타목시펜이 TGF-β1의 분비조절에도 관여한다는 보고들이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 타목시펜이 간세포암의 성장과 TGF-β1의 발현에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 궁극적으로 타목시펜이 간세포암 환자에게 항암제로 사용될 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 인간 간세포암 세포주인 Hep 3B세포를 에스트로겐이 없는 RPMI 1640과 dextran coated charcoal로 처리한 5% fetal bovine serum을 혼합한 배지에서 3일 배양 후 2×10^4 세포/well로 분주하여 2일간 배양한 후 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM 농도의 타목시펜으로 처치하고 6일간 배양하였다. 매일 세포를 수집하여 trypan blue로 염색한 후 생존 세포수를 산출하였으며 상층액내 TGF-β1 농도는 ELISA법으로 측정하였다. 결과: 비교적 저 농도인 0.1 μM 타목시펜 처치군은 배양 6일째 생존 세포수가 대조군에 비해 의미 있게 증가하였다(2.59×10^6 vs 1.97×10^6, p＜0.05). 생존 세포수는 타목시펜농도가 증가할수록 감소하여 10 μM 처치군은 대조군에 비해 의미있는 감소를 보였다(1.4×10^6 vs 1.97×10^6., p＜0.05). 상층액내의 TGF-β1dml 분비량은 타목시펜 처치 농도와 상관없이 전 군에서 대조군에 비해 의미있게 감소하였으며 타목시펜 농도에 따른 각 군간에 차이는 없었다. 결론: 타목시펜은 실험실내에서 처치 농도에 따라 간세포암 세포주의 성장에 미치는 영향이 다양했으나, 처치 농도와 관계없이 일정한 정도로 TGF-β1의 발현을 억제하였다. 타목시펜의 이러한 효과는 생체에서 TGF-β1이 과발현된 간세포암의 성장과 진행을 억제할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 타목시펜은 TGF-β1의 발현을 조절하는 기전 이외의 다른 기전을 통해서는 간세포암의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 사료된다.
Frequent BRAF or EGFR Mutations in Ciliated Muconodular Papillary Tumors of the Lung
Authors: Tsugumasa Kamata, Kuniko Sunami, Akihiko Yoshida, Kouya Shiraishi, Koh Furuta, Yoko Shimada, Hitoshi Katai, Shun-ichi Watanabe, Hisao Asamura, Takashi Kohno, Koji Tsuta
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Impaired peripheral brachial endothelial function in IPAH and CTEPH without cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Christian Lensch, Ralf Kaiser, Robert Bals, Heinrike Wilkens
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with dysfunction of pulmonary endothelium. Shearstress dependent peripheral arterial endothelial dysfunction has been found in various cardiovascular diseases and data in PH is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate peripheral endothelial function in IPAH and CTEPH and the relation to right heart function.  Methods:  Flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery was determined in 26 patients (55.5±15.5y, PAPm: 48.0±13.7mmHg, PVR: 837.6±476.8dyn*s*cm-5) with IPAH or CTEPH and 14 healthy controls. FMD was defined as the maximum change in vessel diameter after reactive hyperemia. Right ventricular function was examined by echocardiography.  Results:  Patients and controls were similar in terms of peripheral flow conditions and cardiovascular risk factors including Intima-media thickness (IMT) (IMT: 0.57±0.14 vs. 0.59±0.14 mm, p=0.39). Patients with PH demonstrated impaired peripheral endothelial function (FMD absolute change: 0.17±0.15 vs. 0.26±0.14 mm, p=0.008, relative change: 5.32±5.31 vs. 8.12±5.51 %, p=0.01). There were no differences in peripheral endothelial function between IPAH and CTEPH (FMD: 3.39±5.76 vs. 4.12±3.80 %, p=0.69). A correlation with right atrial enddiastolic area (RAAd) was found (r=-0.43, p=0.01).  Conclusions:  In addition to changes of the pulmonary vascular bed, PH is associated with peripheral arterial endothelial dysfunction in patients with IPAH and CTEPH. An increased RAAd points to chronically increased RV filling pressures and therefore a failing ventricle. The negative correlation with FMD might be regarded as result of impaired hemodynamics rather than a primary endothelial defect.
Biomarkers of smoking on post-ban era
Authors: Aretusa Cardoso, Renato Paceli, Gustavo Prado, Stella Martins, Mario Terra Filho, Ubiratan Santos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The ban on smoking indoors is significantly changing the profile of cigarette consumption; people are smoking less during the day and shifting their consumption to nighttime. Exhaled carbon monoxide (exCO) is a widely used, easy performed and instantaneously acquired biomarker of tobacco exposure, but its concentration may suffer the effects of a considerably large number of variables.  The purposes of this study were to compare the exCO between self-reported smokers and nonsmokers, to reassess the most accurate cutoff value, and to calculate the effects of usual cigarette consumption (UC), punctual (day of consultation) consumption (PC) and time from last cigarette (TLC) in exCO.  This cross-sectional study recruited volunteers to respond a brief questionnaire and to be submitted to exCO measurement with the MicroCo device.  There were 181 males and 282 females. Mean age was 52 years. There were 165 smokers, 108 nonsmokers and 190 ex-smokers. Median exCO (ppm) was 13 among smokers vs. 3 among nonsmokers (p 2 =0.431, p regression =0.133) and PC (r 2 =0.568, p regression =1.14) and a negative correlation was observed between exCO and TLC (r 2 =-0.489, p regression =-0.015. The most accurate cutoff for detecting nonsmokers was 6 ppm.  Conclusion: exCO is influenced by UC, PC and TLC. Besides the accuracy of the 6ppm-cutoff, these independent variables must be considered when we face to unexpected exCO values in daily practice, especially with the recent changes in the pattern of cigarette consumption observed after the ban on smoking indoors.
Mary Ardelice Murray Bigby Anthony Thomas Brain David Peter Choyce Olivia Constant Emil Denis Coufalik David Graham Watts Jenkins Geoffrey Michael de Keyser David Ronald Murdoch Peter Robson John de Swiet
Authors: K. Ball, N. Jones, W. Jory, D L Maxwell, D Taylor-Robinson, E A Fontaine, G. Jenkins, V. Jenkins, D. Webster, C. Murdoch, J. Byrne, R. Naik, S. Robson, M. de Swiet
Journal: BMJ (2001)
Distributions of two recently inserted long interspersed elements of the L1 repetitive family at the Alb and beta h3 loci in wild mice populations.
Authors: Michel Bellis, Véronique Jubier-Maurin, Barbara Dod, Flavie Vanlerberghe, Anne-Marie Laurent, Christiane Senglat, Francois Bonhomme, Gérard Roizès
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

The presence of the L1 sequences, L1Md4 next to the pseudogene beta h3 and I12 found in the twelfth intron of the albumin gene, in certain strains of laboratory mice but not of others has led to the suggestion that these sequences were recent insertions into the Mus mus domesticus genome. To be sure that they are really recent insertions and not relics of an ancestral chromosome, we investigated the presence or absence of these sequences in populations of wild mice belonging to the semispecies M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus as well as in other species of the genus Mus and in related murids. The sequence I12 in the albumin gene was found in 34% of the chromosomes of the wild mice belonging to M. m. domesticus and to a lesser extent (6%) in M. m. musculus. Of 114 M. m. domesticus chromosomes, L1Md4 was found in only nine, seven of which came from the same locality. Its presence was associated with the haplotype Hbbp, which is relatively rare in European populations of M. musculus. Since there was no evidence for the presence of these two L1 sequences in more distantly related species, we conclude that they are recent insertions in the M. musculus genome.
Why has so much chemotherapy done so little in head and neck cancer?
Authors: S G Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.1.1 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3543232 Why has so much chemotherapy done so little in head and neck cancer? S G Taylor 4thxS G Taylor 4thSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1987.5.1.1 First Page PDF © 1987 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Primary endocrine therapy for early operable primary breast cancer in elderly women: A large series from a single institution
Authors: W. Al-Khyatt, B. M. Syed, D. A. Morgan, K. L. Cheung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

630 Background: A recent Cochrane review of seven randomised trials involving 1,446 elderly women (unselected for oestrogen receptor (ER) status) has shown no significant difference in overall survival between surgery (with or without adjuvant tamoxifen) and primary endocrine therapy using tamoxifen. We report our experience of using primary endocrine therapy in a single centre with a dedicated elderly breast cancer service. Methods: Over a 20-year period, 825 elderly (&gt;70 years) women with early operable primary breast cancer were treated with primary endocrine therapy (&gt;80% using tamoxifen as first-line agent), due to patient choice or being unfit for surgery. All patients had disease assessable for response according to UICC criteria, and had treatment for ≥6 months unless the disease progressed prior. Results: Median age was 80 (range: 70–99) years. When the disease progressed, some patients received further lines of therapy and the overall results are summarised (Table). Conclusions: Compared to the general use of endocrine therapy reported in advanced breast cancer (where CB rate is around 70%), primary endocrine therapy in this context appears to produce superior results. They support its use as an excellent alternative in elderly women who refuse or are unfit for surgery. Its precise role compared to surgery is the focus of a national randomised trial in the UK. CR: complete response; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease; CB: clinical benefit = CR + PR + SD; PD: progressive disease; DoCB: duration of CB; TTP: time to progression (all in months). [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Molecular predictors of outcome and response to bevacizumab (BEV) based on analysis of RTOG 0825, a phase III trial comparing chemoradiation (CRT) with and without BEV in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM).
Authors: Erik P. Sulman, Minhee Won, Deborah T. Blumenthal, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Howard Colman, Robert B. Jenkins, Arnab Chakravarti, Robert Jeraj, Paul D. Brown, Kurt A. Jaeckle, David Schiff, James Dignam, James Norman Atkins, David Brachman, Maria Werner-Wasik, Ritsuko Komaki, Mark R. Gilbert, Minesh P. Mehta, Kenneth D. Aldape
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

LBA2010 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstract.asco.org at 7:30 AM (EDT) on Sunday, June, 2, 2013, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2013, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Sunday edition of ASCO Daily News.
Reactivity of Smooth-Muscle Antibodies, Surface Ultrastructure, and Mobility in Cells of Human Hematopoietic Cell Lines 2
Authors: Astrid Fagraeus, Kenneth Nilsson, Lidman Knut, Renée Norberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Seventeen human hematopoietic cell lines were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) for reactivity with human serum containing smooth-muscle antibodies (SMA). The correlation of the IF pattern to the cell surface ultrastructure was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Lymphoma cells, viewed by SEM, had short villi over the entire cell surface, but, by IF, showed a type of membrane fluorescence. Cells of lymphoblastoid lines had thin, long surface villi, sometimes asymmetric but most often distributed over the whole cell surface. Myeloma and leukemia cells, which had few membrane villi but a surface covered by "blebs" as revealed by SEM, demonstrated, by IF, only a few stub-like projections extending from the surface. Time-lapse cinematography revealed that the intensity and pattern of SMA staining were also correlated to the degree of motility. Indirect IF with human SMA-positive serum might be used in the classification of cell lines derived from human hematopoietic tissue.
The role of pastoral counseling in cancer pain management: A pilot study
Authors: N. Stark, G. Lesser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8179 Background: Cancer pain management is a challenge for providers and patients. Religious beliefs inform the meaning of pain and suffering and affect the patient's attitudes toward pain control. Cancer patients often receive regular visits by clergy over the course of illness, making the clergyman a potential resource in attaining satisfatory cancer pain management. Methods: A survey to assess the knowledge and beliefs of clergy about cancer pain management was administered before (PI) and after (POI) an educational intervention on cancer pain control. Participants were asked to rate their support for series of statements reflecting positive and negative perspectives on cancer pain and its management in each survey. Results: 24 clergy completed the pre-session survey, attended the education session and 21 completed the post-session survey. Participants were predominately Caucasian (58%), male (88%), protestant chaplains (43%) or ministers (33%) with M.Div. (71%), from urban (46%), middle class (58%), Caucasian (54%) congregations. Most (96%) had experience with cancer patients in pain and had counseled patients in which the issue of pain arose (75%). Many (42%) believed patients had discussed the issue of cancer pain with them rather than with their physicians. While 75% reported informal discussions of cancer pain in pastoral training, only 29% had received formal training in the subject. The intervention resulted in less support for the punitive religious statement, Pain is a result of my sin (4% PI, 0% POI), and the negative nonreligious statement, Odds are against me (8% PI, 5% POI). Support for, Tell them to pray, increased (71% PI, 86% POI), as did, Tell them to inform their doctor (96% PI, 100% POI) and, Tell them to take their medicines (67% PI, 76% POI). Tell them to be strong lost support (8% PI, 0% POI). The notion that narcotics be reserved for the dying and that reliance on drugs is an escape from reality, diminished (4%PI, 0%POI) and support for unlimited access to pain medication rose (13% PI, 29% POI). Conclusion: The findings suggest that cancer pain management education for clergy can improve knowledge among clergymen and potentially improve counseling provided to cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.