tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Survival in a Greek Population
Authors: Antonia Trichopoulou, Tina Costacou, Christina Bamia, Dimitrios Trichopoulos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may improve longevity, but relevant data are limited.We conducted a population-based, prospective investigation involving 22,043 adults in Greece who completed an extensive, validated, food-frequency questionnaire at base line. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed by a 10-point Mediterranean-diet scale that incorporated the salient characteristics of this diet (range of scores, 0 to 9, with higher scores indicating greater adherence). We used proportional-hazards regression to assess the relation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and total mortality, as well as mortality due to coronary heart disease and mortality due to cancer, with adjustment for age, sex, body-mass index, physical-activity level, and other potential confounders.During a median of 44 months of follow-up, there were 275 deaths. A higher degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a reduction in total mortality (adjusted hazard ratio for death associated with a two-point increment in the Mediterranean-diet score, 0.75 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.87]). An inverse association with greater adherence to this diet was evident for both death due to coronary heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.67 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.47 to 0.94]) and death due to cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.76 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.59 to 0.98]). Associations between individual food groups contributing to the Mediterranean-diet score and total mortality were generally not significant.Greater adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with a significant reduction in total mortality.
Induction of DNA Strand Breaks and Chromosome Abnormalities by an Imide Derivative of 3-Nitro-1 ,B-naphthalic Acid (Mitonafide) in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Akira Nishio, Edwin M. Uyeki
 5
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Mitonafide (5-nitro-2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-benzo- [de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione hydrochloride), a new candidate as an anticancer or antiviral agent, inhibited the incorporation of DNA precursors into the acid-insoluble fractions of cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and also into CHO cells made permeable (i.e., "permeabilized") that were supplemented with ATP and deoxynucleoside triphosphates. Mitonafide enhanced the degradation of previously incorporated [3H]thymidine and increased the amount of DNA recovered in fractions containing single-stranded DNA after alkaline denaturation and hydroxyapatite chromatography. At concentrations of 0.01 and 1.0 microM, respectively, mitonafide increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in CHO cells. The inhibition of DNA synthesis in a permeabilized cell system suggested that mitonafide acted on the DNA-synthesizing apparatus without requiring metabolic conversion and interfered with DNA synthesis independent of the cellular metabolism of DNA precursors. Mitonafide induced DNA strand breaks and chromosome abnormalities in cultured cells.
VII. Meta-Analysis of Calcium Supplementation for the Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Beverley Shea, George Wells, Ann Cranney, Nicole Zytaruk, Vivian Robinson, Lauren Griffith, Zulma Ortiz, Joan Peterson, Jonathan Adachi, Peter Tugwell, Gordon Guyatt
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

To summarize controlled trials examining the effect of calcium on bone density and fractures in postmenopausal women.We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 1998 and the Cochrane Controlled Register up to 2000, and we examined citations of relevant articles and proceedings of international meetings. We contacted osteoporosis investigators to identify additional studies, and primary authors for unpublished data.We included 15 trials (1806 patients) that randomized postmenopausal women to calcium supplementation or usual calcium intake in the diet and reported bone mineral density of the total body, vertebral spine, hip, or forearm, or recorded the number of fractures, and followed patients for at least 1 yr.For each trial, three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality and extracted data.We found calcium to be more effective than placebo in reducing rates of bone loss after two or more years of treatment. The pooled difference in percentage change from baseline was 2.05% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24-3.86] for total body bone density, 1.66% (95% CI 0.92-2.39) for the lumbar spine, 1.64% (95% CI 0.70-2.57) for the hip, and 1.91% (95% CI 0.33-3.50) for the distal radius. The relative risk (RR) of fractures of the vertebrae was 0.77, with a wide CI (95% CI 0.54-1.09); the RR for nonvertebral fractures was 0.86 (95% CI 0.43-1.72).Calcium supplementation alone has a small positive effect on bone density. The data show a trend toward reduction in vertebral fractures, but do not meaningfully address the possible effect of calcium on reducing the incidence of nonvertebral fractures.
225 Portal pressure gradient (HVPG) reduction after long-term K-canrenoate in postviral child a cirrhosis with small esophageal varices (F1): Lack of sympathoinhibitory effects
Authors: M. Pozzi, L. Ratti, G. Grassi, G. Favini, E. Redaelli, F.Quarti Trevano, G. Poli, C. Guidi, I. Calchera, A. Dellai, A. Readelli, F. Scopelliti, G. Mancia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Severe upper airway obstruction in essential tremor presenting as asthma
Authors: JL Izquierdo-Alonso, P Martinez-Martin, MA Juretschke-Moragues, JA Serrano-Iglesias
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

A 57 year old man with essential tremor (ET) presented with a 2 year history of paroxysmal attacks of dyspnoea and wheezing. He had been diagnosed as having bronchial asthma, and propanolol was excluded from his treatment. Flow-volume loops showed abrupt changes in maximum flows, with poor reproducibility. A diagnosis of functional upper airway obstruction was confirmed by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. The importance of establishing the precise diagnosis, in order to provide appropriate treatment, is emphasized.
Western lifestyle: a ‘master’ manipulator of the intestinal microbiota?
Authors: Georgina L Hold
Journal: Gut (2013)

There is growing awareness that lifestyle and life choices have a profound impact on the pathophysiology of many diseases. This is especially true in Western countries where diet-related chronic diseases are the single largest cause of morbidity and mortality, afflicting >50% of the adult population. These changes have happened relatively recently, beginning with the introduction of agriculture and animal husbandry around 10 000 years ago, meaning we are currently existing within a state of evolutionary discordance; our genome has, as yet, failed to adapt in response to the rapid change in its environment.1 A dietary pattern based on consumption of red meat, animal fat, high sugar and low fibre foods, along with a sedentary lifestyle, is common in Western society. The process of diet westernisation is becoming increasingly apparent in other regions across the world, meaning that the current epidemic is potentially still in its infancy.

Lifestyle choices, including dietary habits, play a pivotal role in shaping the microbiota of the human gut. These effects are evident from birth, where mode of delivery and choice of feeding modality, breast or bottle, clearly influences initial gut colonisation, which in turn, defines the establishment of the stable gut microbiota.2 The control of infectious diseases through improved sanitation, introduction of antibiotics and …
Bronchoscopic findings in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia: Most but not all patients have bacterial bronchitis
Authors: Helen Burmester, Folke Brinkmann, Nicolaus Schwerk, Gesine Hansen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Chronic bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract (LRTI) are a relevant problem in patients with primary ciliary dyscinesia (PCD) and therefore a continuous antibiotic treatment regime is often used. However, it remains unclear if all of these children indeed have relevant chronic LRTI and thus profit from antibiotics. Data on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with cytological and microbiological analysis in PCD patients are still lacking.  In a retrospective study BALF findings of 19 children with PCD were analyzed and the clinical course of patients treated with antibiotics has been investigated.  Median age of the patients at the time of bronchoscopy was 10 year (range 4-17 years). Situs inversus was seen in 10 patients. The main symptoms leading to bronchoscopy were chronic cough, recurrent bronchitis or pneumonia. Lung function was performed in 17 patients before bronchoscopy. FEV1 ranged between 62-114% (median 80%). In the BALF of 12 patients significant bacterial counts (>10 4  CFU/ml) have been confirmed.  Haemophilus influenzae  (n =10) and  Streptococcus pneumoniae  (n= 3) were the most frequent isolated species. In all of the cases where a BALF-cytology was performed a granulocytic inflammation was detected. Furthermore, these findings correlated with a worse lung function before bronchoscopy (FEV-1   Bronchoscopy is a safe diagnostic method in children with PCD to distinguish between patients with LRTI from these without infections. This has an extensive clinical relevance because we could show that patients with a proven infection profit from an antibiotic therapy.
Early recognition of malnutrition and cachexia in the cancer patient: a position paper of a European School of Oncology Task Force
Authors: M. Aapro, J. Arends, F. Bozzetti, K. Fearon, S.M. Grunberg, J. Herrstedt, J. Hopkinson, N. Jacquelin-Ravel, A. Jatoi, S. Kaasa, F. Strasser
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Treatment of Aortocoronary Vein Graft Lesions With Membrane-Covered Stents
Authors: Stephan Baldus, Ralf Köster, Mathias Elsner, Dirk H. Walter, Roman Arnold, Wolfgang Auch-Schwelk, Jürgen Berger, Mathias Rau, Thomas Meinertz, Andreas M. Zeiher, Christian W. Hamm
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Stent implantation in lesions of degenerated aortocoronary vein grafts is associated with a high risk of periprocedural thrombus embolization and in-stent restenosis.In a multicenter study, we followed up 109 consecutive patients (mean age 66+/-8 years, 12% female) who received polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane-covered stents for 125 de novo stenoses in vein grafts 11+/-5 years after bypass surgery. Stent deployment was successful in all but 1 patient; 1 patient suffered from subacute stent thrombosis. Six-month cardiac mortality was 7% (8 patients), 3 patients (3%) underwent repeat bypass surgery, and 9 patients (8%) required target-lesion PTCA. Repeat angiography revealed vessel occlusions in 9% and in-stent restenosis in 8% of patients by the end of follow-up.Membrane-covered stents appear to be a safe and efficient treatment strategy associated with a low incidence of restenosis and target-vessel revascularization. Compared with previous studies, the investigated device is not associated with an increase in mortality or late vessel occlusions.
Pentoxifylline prevents concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by reducing tumor necrosis factor α levels and inhibiting adhesion of T lymphocytes to extracellular matrix
Authors: Haim Shirin, Rafael Bruck, Hussein Aeed, Daniela Frenkel, Gabriel Kenet, Liliana Zaidel, Yona Avni, Zamir Halpern, Rami Hershkoviz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Ménage-à-Trois 1 Is Critical for the Transcriptional Function of PPARγ Coactivator 1
Authors: Motoaki Sano, Yasukatsu Izumi, Katja Helenius, Masanori Asakura, Derrick J. Rossi, Min Xie, George Taffet, Lingyun Hu, Robia G. Pautler, Christopher R. Wilson, Sihem Boudina, E. Dale Abel, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Fernando Scaglia, Brett H. Graham, Anastasia Kralli, Noriaki Shimizu, Hirotoshi Tanaka, Tomi P. Mäkelä, Michael D. Schneider
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Commentary: Think anaphylaxis
Authors: P. L A v. Daele
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Collapse is a commonly encountered problem in the emergency department.Its causes are many and varied, and some are potentially life threatening.1In this interactive case report, Mrs Barroso presented with recurrent collapses coinciding with the onset of menstruation.2Given her rapid response to steroids, I would have thought initially that she had adrenal insufficiency.In fact, most of the
Broadly directed virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses are primed during acute hepatitis C infection, but rapidly disappear from human blood with viral persistence
Authors: Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Donatella Ciuffreda, Lia Lewis-Ximenez, Victoria Kasprowicz, Brian E. Nolan, Hendrik Streeck, Jasneet Aneja, Laura L. Reyor, Todd M. Allen, Ansgar W. Lohse, Barbara McGovern, Raymond T. Chung, William W. Kwok, Arthur Y. Kim, Georg M. Lauer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Vigorous proliferative CD4+ T cell responses are the hallmark of spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, whereas comparable responses are absent in chronically evolving infection. Here, we comprehensively characterized the breadth, specificity, and quality of the HCV-specific CD4+ T cell response in 31 patients with acute HCV infection and varying clinical outcomes. We analyzed in vitro T cell expansion in the presence of interleukin-2, and ex vivo staining with HCV peptide-loaded MHC class II tetramers. Surprisingly, broadly directed HCV-specific CD4+ T cell responses were universally detectable at early stages of infection, regardless of the clinical outcome. However, persistent viremia was associated with early proliferative defects of the HCV-specific CD4+ T cells, followed by rapid deletion of the HCV-specific response. Only early initiation of antiviral therapy was able to preserve CD4+ T cell responses in acute, chronically evolving infection. Our results challenge the paradigm that HCV persistence is the result of a failure to prime HCV-specific CD4+ T cells. Instead, broadly directed HCV-specific CD4+ T cell responses are usually generated, but rapid exhaustion and deletion of these cells occurs in the majority of patients. The data further suggest a short window of opportunity to prevent the loss of CD4+ T cell responses through antiviral therapy.
Synergistic Leukemia Eradication by Combined Treatment with Retinoic Acid and HIF Inhibition by EZN-2208 (PEG-SN38) in Preclinical Models of PML-RARα and PLZF-RARα–Driven Leukemia
Authors: Nadia Coltella, Roberta Valsecchi, Manfredi Ponente, Maurilio Ponzoni, Rosa Bernardi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Retinoic acid-arsenic trioxide (ATRA-ATO) combination therapy is the current standard of care for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) carrying the oncogenic fusion protein PML-RARα. Despite the high cure rates obtained with this drug combination, resistance to arsenic is recently emerging. Moreover, patients with APL carrying the PLZF-RARα fusion protein are partially resistant to ATRA treatment. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activation has been recently reported in APL, and EZN-2208 (PEG-SN38) is a compound with HIF-1α inhibitory function currently tested in clinical trials. This study investigates the effect of EZN-2208 in different preclinical APL models, either alone or in combination with ATRA.Efficacy of EZN-2208 in APL was measured in vitro by assessing expression of HIF-1α target genes, cell migration, clonogenicity, and differentiation, vis a vis the cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of this compound. In vivo, EZN-2208 was used in mouse models of APL driven by PML-RARα or PLZF-RARα, either alone or in combination with ATRA.Treatment of APL cell lines with noncytotoxic doses of EZN-2208 causes dose-dependent downregulation of HIF-1α bona fide target genes and affects cell migration and clonogenicity in methylcellulose. In vivo, EZN-2208 impairs leukemia progression and prolongs mice survival in APL mouse models. More importantly, when used in combination with ATRA, EZN-2208 synergizes in debulking leukemia and eradicating leukemia-initiating cells.Our preclinical data suggest that the combination ATRA-EZN-2208 may be tested to treat patients with APL who develop resistance to ATO or patients carrying the PLZF-RARα fusion protein.
Pressure-induced cardiac overload induces upregulation of endothelial and myocardial progenitor cells
Authors: Patrick Müller, Andrey Kazakov, Alexander Semenov, Michael Böhm, Ulrich Laufs
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

AimThe regulation of angiogenesis in the hypertrophied overloaded heart is incompletely understood. Bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells have been shown to contribute to endothelial homeostasis, repair, and new blood vessel formation. We therefore studied the effects of pressure overload on angiogenesis and progenitor cells.
A European survey of antibiotic management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection: current clinical opinion and practice
Authors: M. Dryden, A.T. Andrasevic, M. Bassetti, E. Bouza, J. Chastre, G. Cornaglia, S. Esposito, G. French, H. Giamarellou, I.C. Gyssens, D. Nathwani, S. Unal, A. Voss
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Engineering Robust and Functional Vascular Networks In Vivo With Human Adult and Cord Blood–Derived Progenitor Cells
Authors: Juan M. Melero-Martin, Maria E. De Obaldia, Soo-Young Kang, Zia A. Khan, Lei Yuan, Peter Oettgen, Joyce Bischoff
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

The success of therapeutic vascularization and tissue engineering will rely on our ability to create vascular networks using human cells that can be obtained readily, can be expanded safely ex vivo, and can produce robust vasculogenic activity in vivo. Here we describe the formation of functional microvascular beds in immunodeficient mice by coimplantation of human endothelial and mesenchymal progenitor cells isolated from blood and bone marrow. Evaluation of implants after 1 week revealed an extensive network of human blood vessels containing erythrocytes, indicating the rapid formation of functional anastomoses within the host vasculature. The implanted endothelial progenitor cells were restricted to the luminal aspect of the vessels; mesenchymal progenitor cells were adjacent to lumens, confirming their role as perivascular cells. Importantly, the engineered vascular networks remained patent at 4 weeks in vivo. This rapid formation of long-lasting microvascular networks by postnatal progenitor cells obtained from noninvasive sources constitutes an important step forward in the development of clinical strategies for tissue vascularization.
Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns and Chromosomal Changes Associated with Aging
Authors: Jochen B. Geigl, Sabine Langer, Simone Barwisch, Katrin Pfleghaar, Gaby Lederer, Michael R. Speicher
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Age is the largest single risk factor for the development of cancer in mammals. Age-associated chromosomal changes, such as aneuploidy and telomere erosion, may be vitally involved in the initial steps of tumorigenesis. However, changes in gene expression specific for increased aneuploidy with age have not yet been characterized. Here, we address these questions by using a panel of fibroblast cell lines and lymphocyte cultures from young and old age groups. Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to characterize the expression of 14,500 genes. We measured telomere length and analyzed chromosome copy number changes and structural rearrangements by multicolor interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization and 7-fluorochrome multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization, and we tried to show a relationship between gene expression patterns and chromosomal changes. These analyses revealed a number of genes involved in both the cell cycle and proliferation that are differently expressed in aged cells. More importantly, our data show an association between age-related aneuploidy and the gene expression level of genes involved in centromere and kinetochore function and in the microtubule and spindle assembly apparatus. To verify that some of these genes may also be involved in tumorigenesis, we compared the expression of these genes in chromosomally stable microsatellite instability and chromosomally unstable chromosomal instability colorectal tumor cell lines. Three genes (Notch2, H2AFY2, and CDC5L) showed similar expression differences between microsatellite instability and chromosomal instability cell lines as observed between the young and old cell cultures suggesting that they may play a role in tumorigenesis.
Immunomodulatory Functions of Low-Molecular Weight Hyaluronate in an Acute Rat Renal Allograft Rejection Model
Authors: ANDREAS KNOFLACH, HARUHITO AZUMA, COLM MAGEE, MARK DENTON, BARBARA MURPHY, ANAND IYENGAR, ROLAND BUELOW, MOHAMED H. SAYEGH
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Low molecular weight hyaluronate (LMW-HA) blocks interactions between T lymphocyte CD44 and hyaluronate (HA), a heteropolysaccharide that is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and ubiquitously in the extracellular matrix. This study was undertaken to assess the ability of LMW-HA to modify the course of experimental acute renal allograft rejection. Lewis (LEW) rats were bilaterally nephrectomized and received an orthotopic, fully MHC-mismatched, Wistar-Furth (WF) kidney transplant. Animals received either no treatment, low doses of cyclosporin A (CsA) on days 0 to 5, LMW-HA on days 0 to 5, or CsA plus LMW-HA on days 0 to 5 after transplantation. With no treatment, CsA monotherapy, or HA monotherapy, animals rejected their allografts at a median of 15, 13, and 7.5 d, respectively (P = NS). In contrast, combined CsA plus LMW-HA therapy prevented acute rejection and significantly prolonged graft survival (P = 0.008) to a median of 49.0 d. CsA/LMW-HA-treated grafts also demonstrated better preservation of renal function at day 30 (serum creatinine level, 1.38+/-0.8 mg/dl), compared with surviving animals treated with CsA alone (2.9+/-0.55 mg/dl, P<0.05). Histologic graft analysis of CsA/LMW-HA-treated animals at day 7 after transplantation showed minimal rejection and leukocyte infiltration, compared with all other groups. Intragraft gene expression analysis, using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, at the same time point showed reductions of CD4, CD8, and interferon-gamma transcript levels in the combined-treatment group. This is the first study demonstrating the immunomodulatory functions of LMW-HA in vivo in the setting of organ transplantation. Defining the exact mechanisms that underlie this immunomodulation may provide the rationale to develop novel strategies for use in clinical transplantation.
INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG PULMONARY “CAPILLARY” PRESSURE, BLOOD FLOW AND VALVE SIZE IN MITRAL STENOSIS. THE LIMITED REGULATORY EFFECTS OF THE PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE 1
Authors: Jorge Araujo, Daniel S. Lukas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

Evidence from several sources clearly indicates that the pulmonary vascular bed is abnormal in patients with mitral stenosis. Pathologic studies of the lungs have revealed varying degrees of arteriolar sclerosis, thickening of the basement mem