tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Oldest New Finding in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Maryam S Haque, Tesfu Hailu, Ellen Pritchett, Carrie Ann Cusack, Herbert B Allen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>In 1947, Sulzberger and colleagues published a micrograph of a blocked acrosyringium in a patient with atopic dermatitis (AD), believing that it had a large role in the disease process. Lacking appropriate probes, they could not confirm the finding.<h3>Objective</h3>To confirm the observations by Sulzberger et al on the blockage of sweat ducts in AD in pathologic specimens.<h3>Design and Setting</h3>Biopsy specimens diagnostic of various inflammatory diseases and with a secondary differential diagnosis of eczema were evaluated at an academic medical center.<h3>Exposures</h3>Evidence of ductal obstruction in each specimen was examined following staining with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid–Schiff, and Gram stain.<h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3>Comparison of biopsy specimens with control specimens and additional controls consisting of noninflamed skin.<h3>Results</h3>Using 36 biopsy specimens, this study confirmed the observations by Sulzberger et al on the blockage of sweat ducts in AD. Blocked acrosyringia were noted in each specimen on routine staining with hematoxylin-eosin. The study also confirmed the findings by earlier investigators about the blockage of sweat ducts in miliaria, showing eosinophilic material in the ducts that was positive for periodic acid–Schiff. Previous researchers also observed bacteria in the blockages, and this study demonstrated the same findings in AD, rather than miliaria.<h3>Conclusion and Relevance</h3>Subclinical miliaria may be the earliest change in AD and likely initiates the process that causes intense pruritus.
REGULATION OF GLUCOSE PRODUCTION BY THE LIVER
Authors: Robert C. Nordlie, James D. Foster, Alex J. Lange
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1999)

▪ Abstract Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source for many cells, which depend on the bloodstream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels, therefore, are carefully maintained. The liver plays a central role in this process by balancing the uptake and storage of glucose via glycogenesis and the release of glucose via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The several substrate cycles in the major metabolic pathways of the liver play key roles in the regulation of glucose production. In this review, we focus on the short- and long-term regulation glucose-6-phosphatase and its substrate cycle counterpart, glucokinase. The substrate cycle enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes the terminal step in both the gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic pathways and is opposed by the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase. In addition, we include the regulation of GLUT 2, which facilitates the final step in the transport of glucose out of the liver and into the bloodstream.
Breast-fed and bottle-fed infant rhesus macaques develop distinct gut microbiotas and immune systems
Authors: Amir Ardeshir, Nicole R. Narayan, Gema Méndez-Lagares, Ding Lu, Marcus Rauch, Yong Huang, Koen K. A. Van Rompay, Susan V. Lynch, Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Diet has a strong influence on the intestinal microbiota in both humans and animal models. It is well established that microbial colonization is required for normal development of the immune system and that specific microbial constituents prompt the differentiation or expansion of certain immune cell subsets. Nonetheless, it has been unclear how profoundly diet might shape the primate immune system or how durable the influence might be. We show that breast-fed and bottle-fed infant rhesus macaques develop markedly different immune systems, which remain different 6 months after weaning when the animals begin receiving identical diets. In particular, breast-fed infants develop robust populations of memory T cells as well as T helper 17 (TH17) cells within the memory pool, whereas bottle-fed infants do not. These findings may partly explain the variation in human susceptibility to conditions with an immune basis, as well as the variable protection against certain infectious diseases.
Studies in the Epidemiology of Tinea Pedis. IX: Tinea Pedis and Erythrasma in New Patients at a Chiropody Clinic
Authors: M. P. English, J. Turvey
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The feet of 259 new patients at a chiropody clinic were examined for tinea pedis, onychomycosis, and erythrasma: 23% of men and 4% of women were infected by dermatophytes, and the nails of seven males were infected by non-dermatophytes. Of 200 patients examined under Wood's light 37% showed the coral-red fluorescence of erythrasma.Of the 259 patients, 9.7% were infected by Trichophyton interdigitale, 2.7% by T. rubrum, and 1.5% by Epidermophyton floccosum. Reasons are given, based on the method of selection of the patients, for supposing that T. interdigitale is still the dominant cause of tinea pedis in the population at large, despite figures from dermatological clinics suggesting the dominance of T. rubrum. The high incidence of infection in males compared with females corresponds with similar findings in school-children.
Coronary blood flow after the regression of pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: K Ishihara, M R Zile, M Nagatsu, K Nakano, M Tomita, S Kanazawa, L Clamp, G DeFreyte, B A Carabello
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Abnormal coronary blood flow (CBF) in long-standing left ventricular (LV) pressure-overload hypertrophy has been associated with ischemia and LV dysfunction. Thus, goals of therapy in pressure overload are not only the relief of the overload itself but also regression in hypertrophy and subsequent improvement in CBF. However, little is known about CBF in humans or in large mammals after the relief of pressure overload, when the hypertrophy has regressed. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that, even 6 months after the relief of pressure overload in the dog, CBF would still be abnormal. Three groups of dogs were studied: 1) normal control dogs (NL group), 2) dogs with LV pressure-overload hypertrophy (LVH group), and 3) dogs that had developed LV pressure-overload hypertrophy but in whom the pressure overload was relieved 6 months before the final study (LVH Reg group). CBF was studied in conscious dogs by use of the radiolabeled microsphere technique at rest, during rapid atrial pacing, and during maximum coronary vasodilation produced by adenosine infusion. The ratio of LV weight (g) to body weight (kg) (LVBW) was 4.2 +/- 0.3 in the NL group, 7.1 +/- 0.6 in the LVH group, and 7.7 +/- 0.5 in the LVH Reg group before pressure-overload relief (p = NS, LVH versus LVH Reg). Six months after removal of the pressure overload, the LVBW in the LVH Reg group had fallen to 5.5 +/- 0.3 (p &lt; 0.05), but this LVBW was still greater than that in the NL group (p &lt; 0.05). During rapid atrial pacing, endocardial and epicardial CBF rose significantly in NL dogs. However, during rapid atrial pacing, endocardial CBF fell from 1.18 +/- 0.22 to 0.7 +/- 0.20 ml/min per gram in the LVH group (p &lt; 0.05) and did not rise in the LVH Reg group. During adenosine infusion, endocardial blood flow increased in NL dogs from 1.63 +/- 0.13 to 4.0 +/- 0.3 ml/min per gram and increased to a similar level in the LVH Reg group. Although CBF increased during adenosine infusion in the LVH group, the increase was less than that in the NL or LVH Reg group (p &lt; 0.05). Minimum coronary vascular resistance was similar in NL dogs (14 +/- 2 units) and LVH Reg dogs (18 +/- 3 units, p = NS) but was significantly elevated (32 +/- 10 units) in LVH dogs (p &lt; 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ontology, Oncology, and Preventive Economies: Developing Drugs for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Victor G. Vogel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Tumor growth is a result of an imbalance of cellular proliferation and cell death, and agents that promote apoptosis or reduce proliferation, or both, will result in impaired tumor progression. Multiple agents with promising preventive potential that slow proliferation or induce apoptosis have been
A CONTRAST BETWEEN THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS OF 100 PSYCHONEUROTIC PATIENTS AND THOSE OF 500 NORMAL ADULTS
Authors: MARY A. B. BRAZIER, JACOB E. FINESINGER, STANLEY COBB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

1. The EEG of the psychoneurotic patient shows no gross abnormalities of wave pattern and in general falls within the normal range. 2. Nevertheless, a study of the findings on a group of 100 psychoneurotic patients reveals that their electroencephalographic data lie only just within the range for normals and that the distribution of their data is statistically different from that of a group of 500 normal adults. 3. The statistically significant differences between the total psychoneurotic group and the normal group were in the following characteristics of the EEG. (a) The distribution curve of dominant frequencies in the psychoneurotic group was not that of a normal population. (b) The incidence of beta activity (18. o cycles and over) was higher in the psychoneurotic group than in the normals. 4. The clinical subgroup diagnosed as anxiety neurosis had a normal distribution curve for dominant frequencies but in a range faster than normal (mean 11.2 for anxiety neurosis as against 10.6 for normals). 5. A discussion is presented of the possible physiological mechanism which may be responsible for these findings.
The new Editor greets you
Authors: Tore K Kvien
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

It is an honour, an opportunity and a challenge to take over the position of editor of the Annals of Rheumatic Diseases (ARD). Professor Leo van de Putte has, during his almost nine-year editorship, developed ARD to become the leading rheumatology journal in Europe.

The connection with the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) has facilitated a huge readership and the shared ownership of the journal between EULAR and BMJ Publishing …
Role of myeloperoxidase in intracellular and extracellular chemiluminescence of neutrophils.
Authors: H L Nurcombe, S W Edwards
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Activated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (neutrophils) can generate both intracellular and extracellular luminol dependent chemiluminescence. As luminol dependent chemiluminescence largely measures the activity of the myeloperoxidase-H2O2 system, and as the extracellular activity of this enzyme may be responsible for the tissue damage associated with inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, the aim of this work was to distinguish between intracellular and extracellular chemiluminescence so that the extracellular activity of this enzyme could be evaluated. Azide was used as a non-specific inhibitor of both intracellular and extracellular chemiluminescence, whereas anti-(human myeloperoxidase) IgG was used to inhibit specifically the extracellular activity of myeloperoxidase. Thus this IgG is a useful analytical tool for studying the extracellular activity of the myeloperoxidase-H2O2 system in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis.
Cardiac-Specific Expression of Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects Against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Shaw-Fang Yet, Rong Tian, Matthew D. Layne, Zhi Yuan Wang, Koji Maemura, Maria Solovyeva, Bonna Ith, Luis G. Melo, Lunan Zhang, Joanne S. Ingwall, Victor J. Dzau, Mu-En Lee, Mark A. Perrella
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 degrades the pro-oxidant heme and generates carbon monoxide and antioxidant bilirubin. We have previously shown that in response to hypoxia, HO-1-null mice develop infarcts in the right ventricle of their hearts and that their cardiomyocytes are damaged by oxidative stress. To test whether HO-1 protects against oxidative injury in the heart, we generated cardiac-specific transgenic mice overexpressing different levels of HO-1. By use of a Langendorff preparation, hearts from transgenic mice showed improved recovery of contractile performance during reperfusion after ischemia in an HO-1 dose-dependent manner. In vivo, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion experiments showed that infarct size was only 14.7% of the area at risk in transgenic mice compared with 56.5% in wild-type mice. Hearts from these transgenic animals had reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and oxidative damage. Our data demonstrate that overexpression of HO-1 in the cardiomyocyte protects against ischemia and reperfusion injury, thus improving the recovery of cardiac function.
Activation of mouse lymphocytes by anti-immunoglobulin. I. Parameters of the proliferative response.
Authors: D G Sieckmann, R Asofsky, D E Mosier, I M Zitron, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Spleen cell cultures from young adult mice of a variety of strains were stimulated to incorporate tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) by a goat anti-mouse IgM antiserum and by purified anti-mu antibodies prepared from this serum. This stimulation was shown to depend upon the anti-mu activity of the antiserum. In addition, ultracentrifuged anti-mu and F(ab')2 fragments of anti-mu were shown to be stimulatory. The anti-mu preparation lacked detectable endotoxin contamination and was also shown to stimulate response by two strains (C57BL/10ScCr and C3H/HeJ) which are unresponsive to the mitogenic effects of endotoxin, while it failed to stimulate a response by cells from a mouse strain (CBA/N) which responds to endotoxin. In addition purified goat anti-mouse gamma, kappa antibodies and rabbit anti-mouse kappa-antib odies stimulated uptake of [3H]TdR by mouse spleen cells, although to a lesser degree than the anti-mu preparation. The cell density, culture requirements, and kinetics of the response are presented.
The effects of morphological remodeling of the bronchi on the neocollagenesis processes in patients with COPD stage 2 during exacerbation
Authors: Mykola Ostrovskyy, Oleksandr Varunkiv, Mariana Kulynych-Miskiv, Iryna Savelikhina
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third most common cause of death (8%) in the 25 member states of the European Union.  Purpose of the study: To study the effects of morphological remodeling of the bronchi on the neocollagenesis processes in patients with COPD stage 2 during exacerbation.  Materials and methods: To study the morphological processes of bronchial remodelling there was conducted an electron microscopy of bronchial mucosa bioptic materials that had been conducted at the bifurcation of the proximal bronchi during fiber-optic bronchoscopy in 9 patients with COPD stage 2 at the moment of hospitalization. The content of type IV collagen was investigated in bronchoalveolar fluid of 43 patients with stage 2 COPD before and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment with tiotropium bromide using ELISA.  Results of the study: The results of our research showed that in patients with COPD on early stages (2nd stage) there were damage of bronchial mucosa with a significant growth of connective tissue in lamina propria and was accompanied by increased content of collagen type IV in bronchoalveolar fluid in 6.19 times compared with healthy. This is an evidence of increased activity of fibroblasts as a result of microcirculation disturbances, activation of lipid peroxidation and effects of hypoxia.  Conclusions: Due to the morphological remodeling there is great activity of neocollagenesis during exacerbation of COPD, evidenced by significantly increased production type IV of collagen in bronchoalveolar fluid.
Combining docking and molecular dynamic simulations in drug design
Authors: Hernán Alonso, Andrey A. Bliznyuk, Jill E. Gready
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2006)

A rational approach is needed to maximize the chances of finding new drugs, and to exploit the opportunities of potential new drug targets emerging from genomic and proteomic initiatives, and from the large libraries of small compounds now readily available through combinatorial chemistry. Despite a shaky early history, computer-aided drug design techniques can now be effective in reducing costs and speeding up drug discovery. This happy outcome results from development of more accurate and reliable algorithms, use of more thoughtfully planned strategies to apply them, and greatly increased computer power to allow studies with the necessary reliability to be performed. Our review focuses on applications and protocols, with the main emphasis on critical analysis of recent studies where docking calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were combined to dock small molecules into protein receptors. We highlight successes to demonstrate what is possible now, but also point out drawbacks and future directions. The review is structured to lead the reader from the simpler to more compute-intensive methods. Thus, while inexpensive and fast docking algorithms can be used to scan large compound libraries and reduce their size, more accurate but expensive MD simulations can be applied when a few selected ligand candidates remain. MD simulations can be used: during the preparation of the protein receptor before docking, to optimize its structure and account for protein flexibility; for the refinement of docked complexes, to include solvent effects and account for induced fit; to calculate binding free energies, to provide an accurate ranking of the potential ligands; and in the latest developments, during the docking process itself to find the binding site and correctly dock the ligand a priori. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 26, No. 5, 531–568, 2006
Genes affecting mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) murine leukemia virus infection and spontaneous lymphoma in AKR F1 hybrids.
Authors: W P Rowe, J W Hartley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

An assessment of the importance of mink cell focus-inducing (MCF)-type recombinant murine leukemia viruses in spontaneous thymic lymphomagenesis and of the genetic factors affecting its occurrence was carried out with F1 hybrids between AKR and various other inbred strains. There was generally close agreement between the frequency of detection of MCF virus, of thymocyte antigenic amplification in the preleukemic period, and of spontaneous lymphoma. Also, hybrid combinations with moderate to high spontaneous lymphoma were uniformly susceptible to lymphoma induction by neonatal inoculation of MCF 247 virus, while lower leukemic hybrids were at least partially resistant to the induced disease. At least four resistance genes can be identified as affecting the disease in the various hybrids: Fv-1, Rmcf, an unidentified gene carried by the C57 series of mice and SJL, and an unidentified minor gene carried by several other strains.
Gastric acid and pancreatic polypeptide responses to modified sham feeding: indication of an increased basal vagal tone in a subgroup of duodenal ulcer patients.
Authors: A Kohn, B Annibale, G Suriano, C Severi, S Spinella, G Delle Fave
Journal: Gut (1985)

The effect of sham feeding upon gastric acid secretion and pancreatic polypeptide release was investigated in 28 patients with duodenal ulcer in order to evaluate whether high basal vagal activity is the cause of basal acid hypersecretion in patients with duodenal ulcer and basal secretion higher than 30% of their peak acid output. The patients were divided into two groups based on the ratio of basal/pentagastrin stimulated peak acid output (BAO/PAO) was higher or lower than 0.30: group A n = 19 (BAO/PAO less than or equal to 0.30) and group B n = 9 (BAO/PAO greater than 0.30). Gastric acid response to sham feeding (SAO) was significantly higher than basal level in group A (SAO: 11.4 mEq/h (2.5-20.1) vs BAO: 5.2 mEq/h (0.8-22.9), p less than 0.01, median (range)) while in group B the acid secretion did not increase with sham feeding (SAO: 9.6 mEq/h (4.5-13.6) vs BAO: 8.8 mEq/h (6.3-13.8) ns, median (range)). A negative correlation (r= -0.6118226, p less than 0.01) was found between acid increase expressed as basal subtracted sham feeding response (SAO-BAO) and BAO/PAO ratio of the entire group of duodenal ulcer patients (n = 28) suggesting that the greater is basal acid secretory capacity the smaller is acid increase in response to residual vagal activation. Pancreatic polypeptide response to sham feeding was higher in group A than in group B but no correlation (r = 0.20, n = 28) nor individual covariation was found between acid and pancreatic polypeptide secretions during vagal stimulation. sham feeding did not change serum gastrin. It is concluded that an increased vagal stimulation seems to be the cause of basal hypersecretion in a subgroup of patients with duodenal ulcer. The lact of correlation between the pancreatic polypeptide and acid responses to vagal stimulation interferes with the reliability of pancreatic polypeptide as indicator of vagal tone on gastric parietal cells.
Quality in screening colonoscopy: position statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE)
Authors: B. Rembacken, C. Hassan, J. Riemann, A. Chilton, M. Rutter, J.-M. Dumonceau, M. Omar, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Many countries in Europe are now introducing screening for colorectal cancer [1]. This considerable investment adds to national economic burdens and must be audited to demonstrate that it is cost-effective, well-targeted and of high quality. Spending more money, having more doctors, admitting more patients or having a nearby "center of excellence" does not necessarily result in improved outcomes.
Prevalence of CKD and Its Relationship to eGFR-Related Genetic Loci and Clinical Risk Factors in the SardiNIA Study Cohort
Authors: Antonello Pani, Jennifer Bragg-Gresham, Marco Masala, Doloretta Piras, Alice Atzeni, Maria G. Pilia, Liana Ferreli, Lenuta Balaci, Nicolò Curreli, Alessandro Delitala, Francesco Loi, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, David Schlessinger, Francesco Cucca
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

The prevalence of CKD and of renal failure vary worldwide, yet parallel increases in leading risk factors explain only part of the differential prevalence. We measured CKD prevalence and eGFR, and their relationship with traditional and additional risk factors, in a Sardinian founder population cohort. The eGFR was calculated using equations from the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease studies. With use of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines, a cross-sectional analysis of 4842 individuals showed that CKD prevalence was 15.1%, including 3.6% of patients in the high-risk and 0.46% in the very-high-risk categories. Longitudinal analyses performed on 4074 of these individuals who completed three visits with an average follow-up of 7 years revealed that, consistent with other populations, average eGFR slope was −0.79 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, but 11.4% of the participants had an eGFR decline >2.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year (fast decline). A genetic score was generated from 13 reported eGFR- and CKD-related loci, and univariable and multivariable analyses were applied to assess the relationship between clinical, ultrasonographic, and genetic variables with three outcomes: CKD, change in eGFR, and fast eGFR decline. Genetic risk score, older age, and female sex independently correlated with each outcome. Diabetes was associated with CKD prevalence, whereas hypertension and hyperuricemia correlated more strongly with fast eGFR decline. Diabetes, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and high baseline eGFR were associated with a decline of eGFR. Along with differential health practices, population variations in this spectrum of risk factors probably contributes to the variable CKD prevalence worldwide.