tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Persistence of Transforming and Nontransforming Epstein-Barr Virus in High Passages of P3HR-1 Cell Lines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P Gerber, D Ablashi, I Magrath, G Armstrong, P Andersen, L Trach
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

At least three laboratories have reported that the P3HR-1 line, which had originally produced transforming Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), now produces only the nontransforming variant. Studies to determine whether these findings were universal or a consequence of specific cell lines or culture conditions were undertaken in P3HR-1 cultures of identical HLA types from five sources. All of the EBV preparations derived from cell lines cultured at 32, 34, and 35 degrees C transformed cord blood lymphocytes, whereas virus propagated at 37 degrees C did not usually transform. Furthermore, indirect immunofluorescence revealed that a monoclonal antibody directed against transforming EBV membrane glycoprotein bound to 10-12% of the P3HR-1 cells that had been continuously propagated at 34 degrees C, but the antibody did not bind to the same cells cultured at 37 degrees C. Although virus expression was completely repressed in transformed cord blood cells, transforming virus could be rescued by superinfection with nontransforming P3HR-1 EBV. Cells transformed with P3HR-1 virus induced poorly differentiated lymphomas in athymic nude mice after seven or eight passages. Whether all P3HR-1 cells have the potential to produce detectable quantities of transforming virus remains to be determined.
Evidence for common short natural trans sense-antisense pairing between transcripts from protein coding genes
Authors: Ping Wang, Shanye Yin, Zhenguo Zhang, Dedong Xin, Landian Hu, Xiangyin Kong, Laurence D Hurst
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

There is increasing realization that regulation of genes is done partly at the RNA level by sense-antisense binding. Studies typically concentrate on the role of non-coding RNAs in regulating coding RNA. But the majority of transcripts in a cell are likely to be coding. Is it possible that coding RNA might regulate other coding RNA by short perfect sense-antisense binding? Here we compare all well-described human protein coding mRNAs against all others to identify sites 15-25 bp long that could potentially perfectly match sense-antisense. From 24,968 protein coding mRNA RefSeq sequences, none failed to find at least one match in the transcriptome. By randomizations generating artificial transcripts matched for G+C content and length, we found that there are more such trans short sense-antisense pairs than expected. Several further features are consistent with functionality of some of the putative matches. First, transcripts with more potential partners have lower expression levels, and the pair density of tissue specific genes is significantly higher than that of housekeeping genes. Further, the single nucleotide polymorphism density is lower in short pairing regions than it is in flanking regions. We found no evidence that the sense-antisense pairing regions are associated with small RNAs derived from the protein coding genes. Our results are consistent with the possibility of common short perfect sense-antisense pairing between transcripts of protein coding genes.
Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells: Implications for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Diane M. Simeone
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease that is usually diagnosed at a late stage for which there are few effective therapies. Emerging evidence has suggested that malignant tumors are quite heterogeneous and that they are composed of a small subset of distinct cancer cells (usually defined by cell surface marker expression) that are responsible for tumor initiation and propagation, termed cancer stem cells. These cells are termed cancer stem cells because, like normal stem cells, they possess the ability to self-renew and make differentiated progeny. Recent studies of human pancreatic cancers have shown a population of pancreatic cancer stem cells that have aberrantly activated developmental signaling pathways, are resistant to standard chemotherapy and radiation, and have up-regulated signaling cascades that are integral for tumor metastasis. An improved understanding of the biological behavior of these cells may lead to more effective therapies to treat pancreatic cancer. In this review, approaches to develop and test therapeutics targeting pancreatic cancer stem cells are discussed.
Identification of Epigenetic Aberrant Promoter Methylation in Serum DNA Is Useful for Early Detection of Lung Cancer
Authors: Keiichi Fujiwara, Nobukazu Fujimoto, Masahiro Tabata, Kenji Nishii, Keitaro Matsuo, Katsuyuki Hotta, Toshiyuki Kozuki, Motoi Aoe, Katsuyuki Kiura, Hiroshi Ueoka, Mitsune Tanimoto
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of serum DNA methylation of five tumor suppressor genes for early detection of lung cancer. Experimental Design: Methylation status in serum DNA from 200 patients undergoing bronchofiberscopic examination for abnormal findings on chest radiograph detected by lung cancer screening or surveillance was examined using methylation-specific PCR. Results: Ninety-one patients were given a pathologic diagnosis of lung cancer, 9 other malignant diseases, and 100 nonmalignant pulmonary diseases. In patients with lung cancer, methylation was detected in 18.7% for MGMT, 15.4% for p16INK4a, 12.1% for RASSF1A, 11.0% for DAPK, and 6.6% for RAR-β, which was higher compared with that in patients with nonmalignant diseases. Age and smoking status seemed to associate with methylation status. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of methylation in at least one gene for diagnosis of lung cancer were 49.5%, 85.0%, and 75.0%, respectively. Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for having lung cancer was 5.28 (2.39-11.7) for patients with methylation in one gene and 5.89 (1.53-22.7) for those with methylation in two or more genes. It is of note that methylation was identified in 50.9% of stage I lung cancer patients, whereas serum protein tumor markers were positive in 11.3% of them. Conclusions: These results suggest that identification of promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes in serum DNA could be useful for early detection of lung cancer.
Tamoxifen Inhibition of Estrogen Receptor-α–Negative Mouse Mammary Tumorigenesis
Authors: Daniel Medina, Frances S. Kittrell, Jamal Hill, Anne Shepard, Gudmundur Thordarson, Powel Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Tamoxifen reduces the relative risk of breast cancer developing from specific premalignant lesions. Many breast cancers that arise after tamoxifen treatment are estrogen receptor-α (ER-α)–negative, although premalignant lesions such as atypical ductal hyperplasia are highly ER-α–positive. The p53 null mouse mammary epithelial transplant model is characterized by ER-α–positive premalignant lesions that give rise to both ER-α–positive and ER-α–negative tumors. Given this progression from ER-α–positive to ER-α–negative lesions, we tested the ability of tamoxifen to block or delay mammary tumorigenesis in several versions of this model. In groups 1 and 2, p53 null normal mammary epithelial transplants were maintained in virgin mice. In groups 3 to 5, the p53 null and mammary transplants were maintained in mice continuously exposed to high levels of progesterone. In groups 6 and 7, transplants of the premalignant outgrowth line PN8a were maintained in virgin mice. Tamoxifen blocked estrogen signaling in these mice as evidenced by decreases in progesterone-induced lateral branching and epithelial proliferation in the mammary epithelium. Tamoxifen did not alter the elevated levels of progesterone in the blood while significantly reducing the circulating level of prolactin. Tamoxifen reduced tumor incidence in p53 null normal mammary epithelial transplants maintained in virgin mice from 55% to 5% and in progesterone-stimulated mice from 81% to 21%. The majority of the resultant tumors were ER-α–negative. Tamoxifen also significantly delayed tumorigenesis in the ER-α–positive high premalignant line PN8a from 100% to 75%. These results show that tamoxifen delays the emergence of ER-α–negative tumors if given early in premalignant progression.
Combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and glucocorticoids upregulates the AE2 alternate promoter in human liver cells
Authors: Fabián Arenas, Isabel Hervias, Miriam Úriz, Ruth Joplin, Jesús Prieto, Juan F. Medina
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic disease associated with autoimmune phenomena and alterations in both biliary bicarbonate excretion and expression of the bicarbonate carrier AE2. The bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UCDA) is currently used in treatment of cholestatic liver diseases and is the treatment of choice in PBC; however, a subset of PBC patients respond poorly to UDCA monotherapy. In these patients, a combination of UDCA and glucocorticoid therapy appears to be beneficial. To address the mechanism of this benefit, we analyzed the effects of UDCA and dexamethasone on AE2 gene expression in human liver cells from hepatocyte and cholangiocyte lineages. The combination of UDCA and dexamethasone, but not UDCA or dexamethasone alone, increased the expression of liver-enriched alternative mRNA isoforms AE2b1 and AE2b2 and enhanced AE2 activity. Similar effects were obtained after replacing UDCA with UDCA conjugates. In in vitro and in vivo reporter assays, we found that a UDCA/dexamethasone combination upregulated human AE2 alternate overlapping promoter sequences from which AE2b1 and AE2b2 are expressed. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that combination UCDA/dexamethasone treatment induced p300-related interactions between HNF1 and glucocorticoid receptor on the AE2 alternate promoter. Our data provide a potential molecular explanation for the beneficial effects of the combination of UDCA and glucocorticoids in PBC patients with inadequate response to UDCA monotherapy.
VGIchan: Prediction and Classification of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
Authors: Sudipto Saha, Jyoti Zack, Balvinder Singh, G.P.S. Raghava
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

This study describes methods for predicting and classifying voltage-gated ion channels. Firstly, a standard support vector machine (SVM) method was developed for predicting ion channels by using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition, with an accuracy of 82.89% and 85.56%, respectively. The accuracy of this SVM method was improved from 85.56% to 89.11% when combined with PSI-BLAST similarity search. Then we developed an SVM method for classifying ion channels (potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride) by using dipeptide composition and achieved an overall accuracy of 96.89%. We further achieved a classification accuracy of 97.78% by using a hybrid method that combines dipeptide-based SVM and hidden Markov model methods. A web server VGIchan has been developed for predicting and classifying voltage-gated ion channels using the above approaches.
Do Statins Prevent Both Cardiovascular Disease &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;and&lt;/EMPH&gt; Fracture?
Authors: Steven R. Cummings
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ACYCLOVIR VERSUS VIDARABINE IN HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Birgit Sköldenberg, Kjell Alestig, Lars Burman, Anders Forkman, Kerstin Lövgren, Ragnar Norrby, Göran Stiernstedt, Marianne Forsgren, Thomas Bergström, Erik Dahlqvist, Aril Frydén, Karin Norlin, Isabeth Olding-Stenkvist, Ingrid Uhnoo, Kicks De Vahl
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in the UK: 1995 to 2007
Authors: I Abubakar, J Moore, F Drobniewski, M Kruijshaar, T Brown, M Yates, C Anderson, E G Smith, J Magee, M Lipman, J McMenamin, M Ruddy, J M Watson
Journal: Thorax (2009)

<h3>Background:</h3> The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDRTB) is a threat to global tuberculosis control. Limited information is, however, available on the outcome of XDRTB cases. This study describes the susceptibility to second- and third-line antituberculosis drugs among MDRTB cases and treatment outcome of identified XDRTB cases. <h3>Method:</h3> The results of second-line antituberculosis drug susceptibility tests in the UK between January 1995 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed and clinicians contacted for treatment outcome of XDRTB cases. Participants included all 678 patients with culture-confirmed MDRTB in the UK. The main outcome measures were the proportion of isolates resistant to second-line antituberculosis drugs and treatment outcome for XDRTB cases. <h3>Results:</h3> Among MDRTB isolates, levels of resistance to amikacin, capreomycin, ciprofloxacin, cycloserine, ethionamide and <i>p</i>-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) were 5.5, 3.4, 5.6, 5.1, 14.0 and 16.7%, respectively. Six XDRTB cases (0.9% of MDR cases) were identified during this period. Two further cases of XDRTB were reported in 2008. Five individuals with XDRTB died of tuberculosis within 3 years of diagnosis and three are still on treatment. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Levels of MDRTB remain low, and those of XDRTB very low, in this high income country. The case fatality ratio among XDRTB cases was high despite low levels of HIV co-infection.
Evidence for Camel-to-Human Transmission of MERS Coronavirus
Authors: Esam I Azhar, Sherif A El-Kafrawy, Suha A Farraj, Ahmed M Hassan, Muneera S Al-Saeed, Anwar M Hashem, Tariq A Madani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

We describe the isolation and sequencing of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) obtained from a dromedary camel and from a patient who died of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection after close contact with camels that had rhinorrhea. Nasal swabs collected from the patient and from one of his nine camels were positive for MERS-CoV RNA. In addition, MERS-CoV was isolated from the patient and the camel. The full genome sequences of the two isolates were identical. Serologic data indicated that MERS-CoV was circulating in the camels but not in the patient before the human infection occurred. These data suggest that this fatal case of human MERS-CoV infection was transmitted through close contact with an infected camel.
Intervening to reduce workplace sitting time: how and when do changes to sitting time occur?
Authors: Samantha K Stephens, Elisabeth A H Winkler, Stewart G Trost, David W Dunstan, Elizabeth G Eakin, Sebastien F M Chastin, Genevieve N Healy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Objective To investigate how and when changes in workplace sitting time occurred following a workplace intervention to inform evaluation of intervention success. Method The 4-week Stand Up Comcare study (June–September 2011) aimed to reduce workplace sitting time via regularly interrupting and replacing sitting time throughout the day. Activity monitor (activPAL3) workplace data from control (n=22) and intervention participants (n=21) were analysed. Differences in the number and usual duration of sitting bouts were used to evaluate how change occurred. To examine when change occurred, intervention effects were compared by hour since starting work and hour of the workday. Change in workplace activity (sitting, standing, stepping) was examined to further inform alignment with intervention messages. Individual variability was examined in how and when the change occurred. Results Overall, behavioural changes aligned with intervention aims. All intervention participants reduced total workplace sitting time, though there was wide individual variability observed (range −29 to −262 min per 8 h workday). On average, intervention participants reduced number of sitting bouts (−4.6 bouts (95% CI −10.1 to 1.0), p=0.106) and usual sitting bout duration (−5.6 min (95% CI −9.8 to −1.4, p=0.011)) relative to controls. Sitting time reductions were observed across the workday, though intervention effects varied by hour of the day (p=0.015). The intervention group successfully adopted the Stand Up and Sit Less intervention messages across the day. Conclusion These analyses confirmed that this workplace intervention successfully modified sitting behaviour as intended (ie, fewer and shorter sitting bouts, with changes occurring throughout the day).
THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS
Authors: H. C. FRENCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1908)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS Get access H. C. FRENCH, R.A.M.C., Woolwich MAJOR H. C. FRENCH, R.A.M.C., Woolwich MAJOR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 20, Issue 11, 1 November 1908, Pages 349–362, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1908.tb16536.x Published: 01 November 1908
YOUNG FEMALE ATHLETES HAVE CHANGED CONSIDERABLY IN THE TWO YEARS AFTER BASELINE EVALUATION IN A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Y Shima, K Kitaoka, J Nakase, K Goshima, R Takahashi, T Toratani, M Kosaka, Y Ohashi, H Tsuchiya, T Munehiro, T Aiba
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background A 3-year prospective cohort study has been initiated in Japanese young female handball and basketball players to identify risk factors for non-contact ACL injuries. Although we examined the baseline data of the players at their first year of high school, it raises concern about the use of the individual baseline data as the characteristics of the players (might be identified as a risk factor) in cases where the players get injured during their senior year of high school. Objectives To compare the player's data examined at the first year and the senior year of high school. Design Case-control study. Participants 21 of 84 high school female players (handball: 4 players, basketball: 17 players) who participated in our prospective cohort study. Methods Body compositions, static balance (locus length per unit area examined by stabilometer), dynamic balance (star excursion balance test; SEBT), isokinetic hamstrings/quadriceps strength, isometric hipabduction strength, hamstrings flexibility, knee laxity (KT1000), navicular drop, generalized joint laxity (Beighton index), and psychological-competitive ability (DIPCA-3) were examined. Results Significantly better result of isokinetic hamstrings/quadriceps strength, isometric hip abduction strength, and hamstrings flexibility were found at the senior. Significantly lower result of navicular drop was found at the senior. No significant differences were found between the groups in body compositions, static and dynamic balance, and DIPCA-3. Generalized joint laxity in the senior was significantly higher level of the index than that at the first. Conclusions During two years after baseline evaluation, the players increased their hip and knee strength without matching increases of static and dynamic balance ability. Considering that even generalized joint laxity which assumed to be consistent had changed, careful interpretation is needed to use the baseline data as a risk factor in a prospective cohort study.
Persistent high BAL fluid granulocyte activation marker levels as early indicators of bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplant
Authors: GC Riise, BA Andersson, C Kjellstrom, G Martensson, FN Nilsson, W Ryd, H Schersten
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The major cause of mortality in the long-term in lung transplant recipients is chronic rejection. This is a fibroproliferative process in the small airways leading to obliterative bronchiolitis and progressive loss of lung function, both constituting the clinical entity bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Granulocyte activation has been implicated as one factor behind BOS. Granulocyte markers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were prospectively and longitudinally studied in order to identify possible association with BOS. BAL fluid from 266 bronchoscopy procedures performed in twelve single lung, eight bilateral lung and five heart/lung transplant recipients were analysed. The majority (19 of 25) were studied for a period of 2 yrs after surgery. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were used as indirect markers of activation and attraction of granulocytes. Five patients developed BOS. Ninety-eight episodes of acute rejection, nine of bacterial infection, 19 of cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, nine of Pneumocystis carinii infection, two of aspergillus infection and two of respiratory syncytial virus infection were diagnosed. BOS patients had significantly higher mean levels of MPO, ECP and IL-8 compared to patients without BOS, irrespective of acute rejection status. Over time, the five patients with BOS had significantly elevated BAL fluid levels of MPO and ECP as well as neutrophil percentages, and in four patients this increase preceded the clinical diagnosis of BOS by several months. Elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophil percentage as well as levels of the granulocyte activation markers myeloperoxidase and eosinophil cationic protein appear to be early signs of development of BOS in lung transplant recipients.
Rhinovirus-induced Interferon-γ and Airway Responsiveness in Asthma
Authors: G. Daniel Brooks, Kim A. Buchta, Cheri A. Swenson, James E. Gern, William W. Busse
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

The majority of asthma exacerbations are caused by respiratory infections, with rhinovirus (RV) being the most common virus. Recent evidence has suggested that decreased generation of IFN-gamma is associated with more severe colds and delayed elimination of virus. Whether the generation of IFN-gamma also has any relationship to general features of asthma severity has yet to be determined. To evaluate this hypothesis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 19 subjects with atopy and asthma were incubated with RV16 for 6 days to determine IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-5 production; these responses were then compared with measurements of airflow obstruction and airway responsiveness. RV16-induced IFN-gamma production correlated significantly with the methacholine PD (r = 0.50, p = 0.03), and the ratio of RV16-induced IFN-gamma:IL-5 correlated with % predicted FEV1 (r = 0.53, p = 0.02). In contrast, there were no significant associations between measures of asthma severity and RV-induced IL-5. These findings suggest that a cytokine imbalance with a deficient Th1 response to RV, but not a Th2 response, is associated with measures of asthma severity and support the concept that impaired antiviral responses may be associated with asthma severity.