tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Costs of childhood asthma due to traffic-related pollution in two California communities
Authors: Sylvia J. Brandt, Laura Perez, Nino Künzli, Fred Lurmann, Rob McConnell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Recent research suggests the burden of childhood asthma that is attributable to air pollution has been underestimated in traditional risk assessments, and there are no estimates of these associated costs. We aimed to estimate the yearly childhood asthma-related costs attributable to air pollution for Riverside and Long Beach, CA, USA, including: 1) the indirect and direct costs of healthcare utilisation due to asthma exacerbations linked with traffic-related pollution (TRP); and 2) the costs of health care for asthma cases attributable to local TRP exposure. We calculated costs using estimates from peer-reviewed literature and the authors’ analysis of surveys (Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, California Health Interview Survey, National Household Travel Survey, and Health Care Utilization Project). A lower-bound estimate of the asthma burden attributable to air pollution was US$18 million yearly. Asthma cases attributable to TRP exposure accounted for almost half of this cost. The cost of bronchitic episodes was a major proportion of both the annual cost of asthma cases attributable to TRP and of pollution-linked exacerbations. Traditional risk assessment methods underestimate both the burden of disease and cost of asthma associated with air pollution, and these costs are borne disproportionately by communities with higher than average TRP.
Focal Myocardial Ischemic Necroses Associated With Unstable Angina Pectoris
Authors: ILLY DOMINITZ, IRWIN B BORUCHOW, GROVER M HUTCHINS
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

Objectives. We sought to determine whether myocardial lesions develop in association with unstable angina pectoris. Background. We observed a patient with unstable angina pectoris who developed foci of ischemic necroses in the distribution of a single coronary artery. The artery had an atherosclerotic plaque that had undergone ulceration of its fibrous cap. This case prompted us to study the occurrence of focal myocardial ischemic necroses in other patients with unstable angina pectoris. Methods. Focal ischemic injuries of an age consistent with the duration of the episode of unstable angina pectoris were observed in 6 of 21 patients who died after hospital admission. The 21 patients had not undergone any invasive coronary procedures or thrombolysis, and the heart had been examined after postmortem arteriography and fixation in distension. Results. Of the six patients with focal ischemic lesions, three had foci of contraction band necrosis and three had focal areas of ischemic necrosis in a state of early repair. Three had a recent myocardial infarct of an age less than the duration of unstable angina pectoris. In each of the six patients, the histologic age of the focal myocardial lesions correlated with the time frame of unstable angina. Conclusions. We conclude that the focal ischemic injuries observed in the myocardium were due to ischemic episodes that also produced the clinical manifestations of unstable angina pectoris.
Radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee classified by the Ahlback and Kellgren &amp; Lawrence systems for the tibiofemoral joint in people aged 35-54 years with chronic knee pain
Authors: I. F Petersson, T. Boegard, T. Saxne, A. J Silman, B. Svensson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To determine the prevalence of tibiofemoral radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in people aged 35–54 years associated with chronic (&gt; 3 months) knee pain using two different radiographic grading systems. <h3>METHODS</h3> Population based postal survey in a random sample of inhabitants in a district in southern Sweden followed by clinical examination and plain posteroanterior, weight bearing radiographical examination. The Ahlbäck criteria (focusing on joint space narrowing) and the Kell- gren &amp; Lawrence classification for knee OA were used for diagnosing tibiofemoral OA. <h3>RESULTS</h3> A questionnaire was sent to 2000 randomly selected people aged 35–54 years. The response rate was 92.6%. Fifteen per cent of these people reported chronic knee pain. This group (n=279) was offered a clinical and radiographic examination of the knee joint and 204 persons agreed to participate. According to the Kellgren &amp; Lawrence classification 28 subjects had OA of the knee grade 2 or more and 16 grade 3 or more. Radiographically detected OA of the knee according to Ahlbäck was found in 20 cases. The minimum prevalence of radiological tibiofemoral knee OA with knee pain was thus 1.5% for Kellgren &amp; Lawrence grade 2 or more, 0.9% for grade 3 or more, and 1.1% according to the Ahlbäck classification. The agreement between the Kellgren &amp; Lawrence grades 2–3 versus Ahlbäck grade I as well as grade 3–4 versus Ahlbäck grade I–II was good (κ 0.76 and 0.78 respectively). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The prevalence of radiographic tibiofemoral OA combined with chronic knee pain in people aged 35–54 years was around 1% as estimated by either the Kellgren &amp; Lawrence or the Ahlbäck classifications systems. Prospective follow up of this cohort should elucidate the significance of knee pain as a sign of developing OA.
A randomised controlled trial of small particle inhaled steroids in refractory eosinophilic asthma (SPIRA)
Authors: David Hodgson, John Anderson, Catherine Reynolds, Garry Meakin, Helen Bailey, Ian Pavord, Dominick Shaw, Tim Harrison
Journal: Thorax (2015)

Some patients with refractory asthma have evidence of uncontrolled eosinophilic inflammation in the distal airways. While traditional formulations of inhaled steroids settle predominantly in the large airways, newer formulations with an extra-fine particle size have a more peripheral pattern of deposition. Specifically treating distal airway inflammation may improve asthma control.30 patients with refractory asthma despite high dose inhaled corticosteroids were identified as having persistent airway eosinophilia. Following 2 weeks of prednisolone 30 mg, patients demonstrating an improvement in asthma control were randomised to receive either ciclesonide 320 µg twice daily or placebo in addition to usual maintenance therapy for 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was sputum eosinophil count at week 8. Alveolar nitric oxide was measured as a marker of distal airway inflammation.There was continued suppression of differential sputum eosinophil counts with ciclesonide (median 2.3%) but not placebo (median 4.5%) though the between-group difference was not significant. When patients who had changed their maintenance prednisolone dose during the trial were excluded the difference between groups was significant (1.4% vs 4.5%, p=0.028). Though alveolar nitric oxide decreased with ciclesonide the value did not reach statistical significance.These data demonstrate that patients with ongoing eosinophilic inflammation are not truly refractory, and that suppression of airway eosinophilia may be maintained with additional inhaled corticosteroid. Further work is needed with a focus on patient-orientated outcome measures such as exacerbation rate, with additional tests of small airway function.NCT01171365. Protocol available at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Clinical course of light-chain smouldering multiple myeloma (idiopathic Bence Jones proteinuria): a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Robert A Kyle, Dirk R Larson, Terry M Therneau, Angela Dispenzieri, L Joseph Melton, Joanne T Benson, Shaji Kumar, S Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2014)
Maximizing the Benefits of Off-Target Kinase Inhibitor Activity
Authors: Monica Red Brewer, William Pao
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract Summary: Investigators report the identification of novel mutant-specific inhibition of EGF receptor (EGFR) T790M by bis-indole–based inhibitors of protein kinase C using a small-molecule cancer cell line–based screening platform. This study shows the power of high-throughput drug screening in cancer cell lines and provides new lead scaffolds for optimization against resistant EGFR mutants in lung cancer. Cancer Discov; 3(2); 138–40. ©2012 AACR. See related article by Lee et al., p. 168
In Vitro Evaluation of Theranostic Polymeric Micelles for Imaging and Drug Delivery in Cancer
Authors: Rajiv Kumar, Apurva Kulkarni, Dattatri K Nagesha, Srinivas Sridhar
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

For the past decade engineered nanoplatforms have seen a momentous progress in developing a multimodal theranostic formulation which can be simultaneously used for imaging and therapy.In this report we describe the synthesis and application of theranostic phospholipid based polymeric micelles for optical fluorescence imaging and controlled drug delivery.CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox), were co-encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of the micelles.The micelles are characterized using optical spectroscopy for characteristic absorbance and fluorescence features of QDs and Dox.TEM and DLS studies yielded a size of <50 nm for the micellar formulations with very narrow size distribution.A sustained release of the drug was observed from the co-encapsulated micellar formulation.In vitro optical fluorescence imaging and cytotoxicity studies with HeLa cell line demonstrated the potential of these micellar systems as efficient optical imaging and therapeutic probes.
Iron Absorption in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: R. S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Case 4 the nerve escaped permanent damage owing to the incision having been restricted anteriorly to the anterior superior iliac spine.Awareness of this complication would lead to its prevention.Because of unpredictable variation in the course of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, the incision should not be extended anteriorly beyond the anterior superior iliac spine.It is possible that in many cases these lesions go undetec- ted owing to absence of complications. SummaryBecause of its variable anatomical course, the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is vulnerable to incisions made for operations involving removal of bone from the iliac crest.In three of the four cases here reported the nerve was damaged by incision which extended anteriorly beyond the anterior superior iliac spine.In the fourth patient sectioning of the nerve was avoided because the incision was restricted to the anterior superior iliac spine, but the nerve was nevertheless contused during the operation, producing temporary sensory impairment.I am grateful to Dr. A. Zinovieff for his guidance.I would like
Surgery of male sexual disorders.
Authors: J P Pryor
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Although most male sexual impotence stems from the psyche a few con ditions are organic.  These include: absence or fibrosis of corpora cavernosa;  injuries to the spinal cord pelvis and surgical trauma;  priaprism;  arteriosclerosis;  neurological disorders;  and endocrine and pharmacological disorders.  Surgery is often indicated for tight foreskin ruptured tunica albuginea Peyronies disease various penile deformities priaprism and in oligospermia associated with varicocele or obstructive azoospermia.  Ejaculatory disorders and fertility problems seldom call for surgical intervention and hemospermia should be investagated by urine analysis urography and other methods since inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the prostate or seminal  vesicles may be present.
Solitaire flow restoration device versus the Merci Retriever in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (SWIFT): a randomised, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Jeffrey L Saver, Reza Jahan, Elad I Levy, Tudor G Jovin, Blaise Baxter, Raul G Nogueira, Wayne Clark, Ronald Budzik, Osama O Zaidat
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Targeted Antimicrobial Therapy Against Streptococcus mutans Establishes Protective Non‐cariogenic Oral Biofilms and Reduces Subsequent Infection
Authors: Li‐na Li, Li‐hong Guo, Renate Lux, Randal Eckert, Daniel Yarbrough, Jian He, Maxwell Anderson, Wen‐yuan Shi
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2010)

Dental biofilms are complex communities composed largely of harmless bacteria. Certain pathogenic species including Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) can become predominant when host factors such as dietary sucrose intake imbalance the biofilm ecology. Current approaches to control S. mutans infection are not pathogen‐specific and eliminate the entire oral community along with any protective benefits provided. Here, we tested the hypothesis that removal of S. mutans from the oral community through targeted antimicrobial therapy achieves protection against subsequent S. mutans colonization. Controlled amounts of S. mutans were mixed with S. mutans‐free saliva, grown into biofilms and visualized by antibody staining and cfu quantization. Two specifically‐targeted antimicrobial peptides (STAMPs) against S. mutans were tested for their ability to reduce S. mutans biofilm incorporation upon treatment of the inocula. The resulting biofilms were also evaluated for their ability to resist subsequent exogenous S. mutans colonization. S. mutans colonization was considerably reduced (9 ± 0.4 fold reduction, P=0.01) when the surface was preoccupied with saliva‐derived biofilms. Furthermore, treatment with S. mutans‐specific STAMPs yielded S. mutans‐deficient biofilms with significant protection against further S. mutans colonization (5 minutes treatment: 38 ± 13 fold reduction P=0.01; 16 hours treatment: 96 ± 28 fold reduction P=0.07). S. mutans infection is reduced by the presence of existing biofilms. Thus maintaining a healthy or "normal" biofilm through targeted antimicrobial therapy (such as the STAMPs) could represent an effective strategy for the treatment and prevention of S. mutans colonization in the oral cavity and caries progression.
Role of MicroRNA Processing in Adipose Tissue in Stress Defense and Longevity
Authors: Marcelo A. Mori, Prashant Raghavan, Thomas Thomou, Jeremie Boucher, Stacey Robida-Stubbs, Yazmin Macotela, Steven J. Russell, James L. Kirkland, T. Keith Blackwell, C. Ronald Kahn
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
GoMiner: a resource for biological interpretation of genomic and proteomic data
Authors: Barry R Zeeberg, Weimin Feng, Geoffrey Wang, May D Wang, Anthony T Fojo, Margot Sunshine, Sudarshan Narasimhan, David W Kane, William C Reinhold, Samir Lababidi, Kimberly J Bussey, Joseph Riss, J Carl Barrett, John N Weinstein
Journal: Genome biology (2003)

Abstract We have developed GoMiner, a program package that organizes lists of 'interesting' genes (for example, under- and overexpressed genes from a microarray experiment) for biological interpretation in the context of the Gene Ontology. GoMiner provides quantitative and statistical output files and two useful visualizations. The first is a tree-like structure analogous to that in the AmiGO browser and the second is a compact, dynamically interactive 'directed acyclic graph'. Genes displayed in GoMiner are linked to major public bioinformatics resources.
Gene expression profiling analysis of solar lentigo in relation to immunohistochemical characteristics
Authors: H. Aoki, O. Moro, H. Tagami, J. Kishimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Solar lentigo appears as dark brown spots that occur on sun-exposed areas and is considered to be a hallmark of aged skin. Although considerable knowledge about acute pigmentation has recently been accumulated, little is yet known about the mechanisms underlying chronic- and delayed-type hyperpigmentation, such as solar lentigo.To clarify further the mechanisms underlying the development of solar lentigo, we carried out gene expression analysis in skin biopsy specimens obtained from human solar lentigines using DNA microarray analysis.Two pairs of skin specimens were obtained from solar lentigo and adjacent sun-exposed normal skin, as well as normal skin on the buttocks of 16 volunteers aged 40-55 years. One set of specimens was frozen and RNA was extracted for microarray and the other set was prepared for histological sections and analysed by antibodies and probes.Sixty-five genes were upregulated more than 1.8-fold in solar lentigo compared with adjacent control skin and seven melanocyte-related genes were included. Compared with sun-protected skin, many inflammation-related genes were upregulated in solar lentigo, and compared with sun-exposed control skin, upregulation of genes related to fatty-acid metabolism was apparent in solar lentigo. Moreover, we found downregulation of cornified envelope-related genes, which suggests suppression of cornification in the epidermis in solar lentigo. Immunohistochemically, larger numbers of TRP1-positive cells were found in the basal layer of solar lentigo than in normal skin. Fatty acid-related genes were highly expressed in the epidermis as detected by in situ hybridization, and they were much more prominent in the lesional skin of solar lentigo. However, cycling epidermal cells detectable with Ki67 antibody were fewer in the lesional skin of solar lentigo. Expression of filaggrin and involucrin was decreased in the lesional skin, where the number of cell layers of the stratum corneum was significantly higher than in normal skin.The results of the present microarray analysis of solar lentigo, demonstrating upregulation of genes related to inflammation, fatty-acid metabolism and melanocytes and downregulation of cornified envelope-related genes, suggest that solar lentigo is induced by the mutagenic effect of repeated ultraviolet light exposures in the past, leading to the characteristic enhancement of melanin production, together with decreased proliferation and differentiation of lesional keratinocytes on the background of chronic inflammation.
Association of Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Sleep Apnea, and Hypertension in a Large Community-Based Study
Authors: F. Javier Nieto
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and sleep apnea have been linked to hypertension in previous studies, but most of these studies used surrogate information to define SDB (eg, snoring) and were based on small clinic populations, or both.To assess the association between SDB and hypertension in a large cohort of middle-aged and older persons.Cross-sectional analyses of participants in the Sleep Heart Health Study, a community-based multicenter study conducted between November 1995 and January 1998.A total of 6132 subjects recruited from ongoing population-based studies (aged > or = 40 years; 52.8% female).Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, the average number of apneas plus hypopneas per hour of sleep, with apnea defined as a cessation of airflow and hypopnea defined as a > or = 30% reduction in airflow or thoracoabdominal excursion both of which are accompanied by a > or = 4% drop in oxyhemoglobin saturation) [corrected], obtained by unattended home polysomnography. Other measures include arousal index; percentage of sleep time below 90% oxygen saturation; history of snoring; and presence of hypertension, defined as resting blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication.Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension increased significantly with increasing SDB measures, although some of this association was explained by body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for demographics and anthropometric variables (including BMI, neck circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio), as well as for alcohol intake and smoking, the odds ratio for hypertension, comparing the highest category of AHI (> or = 30 per hour) with the lowest category (< 1.5 per hour), was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.83; P for trend = .005). The corresponding estimate comparing the highest and lowest categories of percentage of sleep time below 90% oxygen saturation (> or = 12% vs < 0.05%) was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.12-1.88; P for trend <.001). In stratified analyses, associations of hypertension with either measure of SDB were seen in both sexes, older and younger ages, all ethnic groups, and among normal-weight and overweight individuals. Weaker and nonsignificant associations were observed for the arousal index or self-reported history of habitual snoring.Our findings from the largest cross-sectional study to date indicate that SDB is associated with systemic hypertension in middle-aged and older individuals of different sexes and ethnic backgrounds.
Rapid Release of Antipsychotic Drugs From Dopamine D<sub>2</sub> Receptors: An Explanation for Low Receptor Occupancy and Early Clinical Relapse Upon Withdrawal of Clozapine or Quetiapine
Authors: Philip Seeman, Teresa Tallerico
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: In an attempt to understand the basis of early relapse after antipsychotic withdrawal, the objective of this study was to determine whether the low occupancy of dopamine D2 receptors by clozapine and by quetiapine, as seen by brain imaging, could arise from a rapid release of some of the D2-bound clozapine or quetiapine by the brain imaging compounds and by the action of a physiological concentration of dopamine. METHOD: Human cloned D2 receptors were first pre-equilibrated with the [3H]antipsychotic drug, after which raclopride, iodobenzamide, or dopamine (at the physiological concentration in the synapse) was added, and the time course of release of the [3H]antipsychotic from the D2 receptor was measured. RESULTS: Within 5 minutes, low concentrations of raclopride and iodobenzamide displaced appreciable amounts of [3H]clozapine and [3H]quetiapine from the D2 receptors but, during the course of 1 hour, did not displace any of the other antipsychotic [[3H]ligands. [3H]Clozapine and [3H]quetiapine, moreover, were displaced by dopamine (100 nM) at least 100 times faster than the other antipsychotic [3H]ligands. CONCLUSIONS: Clozapine and quetiapine are loosely bound to the D2 receptor, and the injected radioactive ligand at its peak concentration may displace some of the D2-bound antipsychotic drug, resulting in apparently low D2 occupancies. Therefore, under clinical brain imaging conditions with [11C]raclopride, D2 occupancies by clozapine and by quetiapine may be higher than currently estimated. These considerations may result in high levels of the D2 receptors being occupied by therapeutic doses of clozapine or quetiapine. The rapid release of clozapine and quetiapine from D2 receptors by endogenous dopamine may contribute to low D2 receptor occupancy and to early clinical relapse upon withdrawal of these medications.
Zoledronic acid in patients with stage IIIA/B NSCLC: results of a randomized, phase III study
Authors: G.V. Scagliotti, P. Kosmidis, F. de Marinis, A.J.M. Schreurs, I. Albert, W. Engel-Riedel, D. Schallier, S. Barbera, H.-P. Kuo, V. Sallo, J.R. Perez, C. Manegold
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Imaging Key Biomarkers of Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Marina V. Backer, Joseph M. Backer
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

Angiogenesis is a fundamental requirement for tumor growth and therefore it is a primary target for anti-cancer therapy. Molecular imaging of angiogenesis may provide novel opportunities for early diagnostic and for image-guided optimization and management of therapeutic regimens. Here we reviewed the advances in targeted imaging of key biomarkers of tumor angiogenesis, integrins and receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Tracers for targeted imaging of these biomarkers in different imaging modalities are now reasonably well-developed and PET tracers for integrin imaging are currently in clinical trials. Molecular imaging of longitudinal responses to anti-angiogenic therapy in model tumor systems revealed a complex pattern of changes in targeted tracer accumulation in tumor, which reflects drug-induced tumor regression followed by vascular rebound. Further work will define the competitiveness of targeted imaging of key angiogenesis markers for early diagnostic and image-guided therapy.