tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival and Prognostic Factors of Early Childhood Medulloblastoma: An International Meta-Analysis
Authors: Stefan Rutkowski, Katja von Hoff, Angela Emser, Isabella Zwiener, Torsten Pietsch, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Felice Giangaspero, David W. Ellison, Maria-Luisa Garre, Veronica Biassoni, Richard G. Grundy, Jonathan L. Finlay, Girish Dhall, Marie-Anne Raquin, Jacques Grill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

To assess the prognostic role of clinical parameters and histology in early childhood medulloblastoma.Clinical and histologic data from 270 children younger than age 5 years diagnosed with medulloblastoma between March 1987 and July 2004 and treated within prospective trials of five national study groups were centrally analyzed.Two hundred sixty children with medulloblastoma and specified histologic subtype were eligible for analysis (median age, 1.89 years; median follow-up, 8.0 years). Rates for 8-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 55% and 76%, respectively, in 108 children with desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma (DNMB) or medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (MBEN); 27% and 42%, respectively, in 145 children with classic medulloblastoma (CMB); and 14% and 14%, respectively, in seven children with large-cell/anaplastic (LC/A) medulloblastoma (P < .001). Histology (DNMB/MBEN: hazard ratio [HR], 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.64; LC/A medulloblastoma: HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 0.95 to 5.54; P < .001 compared with CMB), incomplete resection and metastases (M0R1: HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.80; M+: HR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.50 to 3.46; P < .001 compared with M0R0), and national group were independent prognostic factors for EFS, and OS. The HRs for OS ranged from 0.14 for localized M0 and DNMB/MBEN to 13.67 for metastatic LC/A medulloblastoma in different national groups.Our results confirm the high frequency of desmoplastic variants of medulloblastomas in early childhood and histopathology as a strong independent prognostic factor. A controlled de-escalation of treatment may be appropriate for young children with DNMB and MBEN in future clinical trials.
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Human Small Artery Function
Authors: Reza Aghamohammadzadeh, Adam S. Greenstein, Rahul Yadav, Maria Jeziorska, Salam Hama, Fardad Soltani, Phil W. Pemberton, Basil Ammori, Rayaz A. Malik, Handrean Soran, Anthony M. Heagerty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bariatric surgery on small artery function and the mechanisms underlying this.In lean healthy humans, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anticontractile effect on adjacent small arteries, but this is lost in obesity-associated conditions such as the metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes where there is evidence of adipocyte inflammation and increased oxidative stress.Segments of small subcutaneous artery and perivascular fat were harvested from severely obese individuals before (n = 20) and 6 months after bariatric surgery (n = 15). Small artery contractile function was examined in vitro with wire myography, and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) morphology was assessed with immunohistochemistry.The anticontractile activity of PVAT was lost in obese patients before surgery when compared with healthy volunteers and was restored 6 months after bariatric surgery. In vitro protocols with superoxide dismutase and catalase rescued PVAT anticontractile function in tissue from obese individuals before surgery. The improvement in anticontractile function after surgery was accompanied by improvements in insulin sensitivity, serum glycemic indexes, inflammatory cytokines, adipokine profile, and systolic blood pressure together with increased PVAT adiponectin and nitric oxide bioavailability and reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammation. These changes were observed despite the patients remaining severely obese.Bariatric surgery and its attendant improvements in weight, blood pressure, inflammation, and metabolism collectively reverse the obesity-induced alteration to PVAT anticontractile function. This reversal is attributable to reductions in local adipose inflammation and oxidative stress with improved adiponectin and nitric oxide bioavailability.
Aspirin alters arterial function in patients with chronic heart failure treated with ACE inhibitors: a dose‐mediated deleterious effect
Authors: Christophe Meune, Isabelle Mahé, Jean‐Jacques Mourad, Alain Cohen‐Solal, Bernard Levy, Jean‐Philippe Kevorkian, Guillaume Jondeau, Aïda Habib, Marilyne Lebret, Anne‐Laure Knellwolf, Guy Simoneau, Charles Caulin, Jean‐François Bergmann
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2003)
Folate in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer Chemoprevention: Purposely Left Out?
Authors: Paolo Bossi, Laura D. Locati, Lisa Licitra, Elda Tagliabue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the editorial by Khuri and Shin about chemoprevention strategies in head and neck cancer. The authors widely approached the field, noting the attention on the importance of adopting risk-stratified models. Curiously, folate was left aside. Folate deficiency due to low intake or to polymorphisms in enzyme metabolizing or storing genes, has been linked to a higher risk of developing head and neck cancer. Folate in preventing carcinogenesis acts through maintenance of DNA integrity and stability, reduction of risk of TP53 mutations, and decrease of methylation-mediated p16 inactivation. Epidemiologic studies stress the importance of a vegetable-rich dietary pattern, containing an high amount of folate, on cancer prevention. Interestingly, high intake of folate was recognized as protective factor against the subgroup of HER-2–overexpressing breast cancer, attributing to folic acid a role in inhibiting carcinogenesis dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family receptors. In colon cancer cell lines, supplemental folic acid inhibited proliferation in a dosedependent manner, with concurrent reduction of EGFR tyrosin kinase activity and of its ligand transforming growth factor. In this context, vitamin supplementation in EGFR dependent tumors such as head and neck cancer deserve further study. Indeed, a phase II study already investigated the effectiveness of 6-month folic acid on laryngeal leucoplakia. We consider folic acid metabolism an attractive model within biochemopreventive stategies fulfilling the criteria for a risk-stratified approach. Paolo Bossi, Laura D. Locati, and Lisa Licitra Head & Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Mechanisms of Immune Lysis of Red Blood Cells In Vitro I. PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA CELLS
Authors: Gerald L. Logue, Wendell F. Rosse, Judith P. Adams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The effect of five different reactions which activate complement (antibody activation, reduction in ionic strength, acidification, cobra venom factor (CoF) activation, and inulin activation) upon normal and PNH cells was investigated, using normal serum and serum devoid of the fourth component of complement (C4) activity from patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) as a source of complement.
Altered protein tyrosine phosphorylation in asthmatic bronchial epithelium
Authors: L. M. Hamilton, S. M. Puddicombe, R. J. Dearman, I. Kimber, T. Sandström, A. Wallin, P. H. Howarth, S. T. Holgate, S. J. Wilson, D. E. Davies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

A disease-related, corticosteroid-insensitive increase in the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase in asthmatic bronchial epithelium has been shown previously by the current authors. To determine whether this is associated with enhanced intracellular signalling, the aim of this study was to evaluate epithelial tyrosine phosphorylation. Bronchial biopsies were analysed for the presence of phosphotyrosine by immunohistochemistry. Bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to EGF, hydrogen peroxide or tumour necrosis factor-α in vitro for measurement of tyrosine phosphorylated signalling intermediates and interleukin (IL)-8 release. Phosphotyrosine was increased significantly in the epithelium of severe asthmatics when compared with controls or mild asthmatics; however, in mild asthma, phosphotyrosine levels were significantly decreased when compared with controls. There was no significant difference between phosphotyrosine levels before or after 8 weeks of treatment with budesonide. Stimulation of bronchial epithelial cells resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, including EGFR, Shc and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In the presence of salbutamol, a transient partial suppression of EGFR phosphorylation occurred, whereas dexamethasone was without effect. Neither salbutamol nor dexamethasone inhibited EGF-stimulated IL-8 release. These data indicate that regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity is abnormal in severe asthma. The epidermal growth factor receptor and/or other tyrosine kinase pathways may contribute to persistent, corticosteroid-unresponsive inflammation in severe asthma.
WAR PSYCHIATRY IN RETROSPECT
Authors: B. H. MCNEEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

The principal points emphasized in the foregoing discussion are as follows: 1. In assessing and dealing with psychiatric problems at induction, in training and in action the army psychiatrist deals fundamentally with behaviour patterns which have been built up over a long period and which he can do little to change in a short time. This is less true in action where acute breakdown occurs causing apparently sudden changes in the behaviour patterns of previously well adjusted individuals or where prolonged stress causes a gradual decline in efficiency of adjustment. 2. The symptoms in a large percentage of psychiatric casualties are superficial and for the most part are readily removed by simple methods of treatment. Though superficial they require satisfactory resolution to prevent fixation and persistent disability. 3. The techniques of individual treatment necessarily vary with the individual's reqùirements. The aim is to help the man to understand himself and to help him do something about it. Some men need the opportunity to relive traumatic experiences as in "abreaction." However, in many cases it is the general adjustment and not the traumatic experience which needs to be "talked out." Removal of symptoms is desirable if not essential but the crucial point is the man's deliberate and determined choice of a course of action. 4. The disposal and the final outcome are largely dependent on the personality make-up which we have expressed in terms of constitution and character, and on personal morale. 5. Character may be modified by prolonged retraining but the most hopeful approach to either preventive or therapeutic psychiatry in the Army is in the direction of improving personal morale by efforts in the individual case to build up confidence and to give guidance in self-management, and by general morale measures which are the responsibility of the command rather than of the medical officer. 6. The greatest hope of success in reducing psychiatric casualties lies in attention to preventive aspects and in the institution of early treatment as far forward as possible. For this reason it is important that officers and N.C.Os. receive thorough indoctrination in the principles of mental health which are applicable and that medical officers receive adequate instruction in the fundamentals of personality adjustment, psychogenic disorders and psychosomatic medicine. If such principles are clearly understood much of the responsibility for management and treatment can be left to those who are constantly in contact with the men.
Abstract 14545: Aortic Root and Main Pulmonary Artery Areas Derived from Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance as Reference Values for Normal Subjects and Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Shelby Kutty, Titus Kuehne, Paul Gribben, Eric Reed, David A Danford, Philipp Beerbaum, Samir Sarikouch
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Long-term outcome of patients with interdigital tinea pedis treated with terbinafine or clotrimazole
Authors: Boni Elewski, Paul R Bergstresser, Jon Hanifin, Jack Lesher, Ronald Savin, Jerome Shupack, Matthew Stiller, Eduardo Tschen, Nardo Zaias, Jay E Birnbaum
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)
In situ vaccination against mycosis fungoides by intratumoral injection of a TLR9 agonist combined with radiation: a phase 1/2 study
Authors: Youn H. Kim, Dita Gratzinger, Cameron Harrison, Joshua D. Brody, Debra K. Czerwinski, Weiyun Z. Ai, Anjali Morales, Farah Abdulla, Leon Xing, Daniel Navi, Robert J. Tibshirani, Ranjana H. Advani, Bharathi Lingala, Sumit Shah, Richard T. Hoppe, Ronald Levy
Journal: Blood (2011)

We have developed and previously reported on a therapeutic vaccination strategy for indolent B-cell lymphoma that combines local radiation to enhance tumor immunogenicity with the injection into the tumor of a TLR9 agonist. As a result, antitumor CD8(+) T cells are induced, and systemic tumor regression was documented. Because the vaccination occurs in situ, there is no need to manufacture a vaccine product. We have now explored this strategy in a second disease: mycosis fungoides (MF). We treated 15 patients. Clinical responses were assessed at the distant, untreated sites as a measure of systemic antitumor activity. Five clinically meaningful responses were observed. The procedure was well tolerated and adverse effects consisted mostly of mild and transient injection site or flu-like symptoms. The immunized sites showed a significant reduction of CD25(+), Foxp3(+) T cells that could be either MF cells or tissue regulatory T cells and a similar reduction in S100(+), CD1a(+) dendritic cells. There was a trend toward greater reduction of CD25(+) T cells and skin dendritic cells in clinical responders versus nonresponders. Our in situ vaccination strategy is feasible also in MF and the clinical responses that occurred in a subset of patients warrant further study with modifications to augment these therapeutic effects. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00226993.
Quantitative assessment of antibodies to ribonucleoproteins in primary Sjogren syndrome: correlation with B-cell biomarkers and disease activity
Authors: S Candon, J E Gottenberg, D Bengoufa, L Chatenoud, X Mariette
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To assess the added value of using a radioligand assay (RLA) compared with ELISA to detect antibodies to SSA, SSB and RNP, and to analyse the correlation between autoantibody levels, B-cell biomarkers and disease activity.Antibodies to SSA, SSB and RNP were assessed in 127 patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) using an RLA and ELISA. In parallel, measures of B-cell activation were determined including serum levels of B-cell-activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor family or BLyS (BAFF).RLA was more sensitive than ELISA for the detection of antibodies to SSB (54% of positive samples versus 37%, respectively) and antibodies to RNP (9% vs 3%). No difference was seen for the sensitivity of detection of antibodies to SSA. Anti-SSA and anti-SSB levels were correlated with both techniques. Mean levels of antibodies to SSA were significantly higher in patients presenting antibodies to both SSA and SSB than in those exhibiting antibodies to SSA only (RLA: mean (SEM) anti-SSA levels 2343 (158) cpm vs 1348 (286) cpm, respectively, p = 0.02; ELISA: 6.8 (0.8) vs 3.8 (0.4), respectively, p = 0.003). Levels of antibodies to SSA and SSB significantly correlated with those of circulating BAFF (r = 0.4, p = 0.004 and r = 0.6, p<0.001, respectively) and with B-cell biomarkers, including levels of gammaglobulins, beta(2) microglobulin and rheumatoid factor.RLA allowed a quantitative and more sensitive detection of antibodies to SSB and RNP in pSS. Quantitative assessment of autoantibodies might disclose a biomarker of disease activity and enable further insight into the pathogenesis of the spreading of the autoantibody response.
Former African Cancer Research Powerhouse Makes Plans for a Return to Greatness
Authors: L. Savage
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

Atop a hill in Uganda’s capital city of Kampala sit five dilapidated single-story buildings, which squat below corrugated iron roofs. From the road, a tattered wooden board that reads “Uganda Cancer Institute” (UCI) greets visitors from its perch on an electrical pole that sporadically powers one of the buildings. Inside, beneath crumbling ceilings, patients lying on metal cots, often without mattresses, are attended to by a team of nurses and one of the two cancer doctors in the country of more than 27 million people. While many of
REM sleep, dreaming, and procedural memory
Authors: Michael Schredl
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

In this commentary the “incredibly robust” evidence for the relationship between sleep and procedural memory is questioned; inconsistencies in the existing data are pointed out. In addition, some suggestions about extending research are made, for example, studying REM sleep augmentation or memory consolidation in patients with sleep disorders. Last, the possibility of a relationship between dreaming and memory processes is discussed.
Lymphocyte proliferation response in patients with delayed hypersensitivity reactions to heparins
Authors: S. Lopez, M.J. Torres, R. Rodríguez-Pena, N. Blanca-Lopez, T.D. Fernandez, C. Antunez, G. Canto, V. de Luque, C. Mayorga
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Lymphocyte proliferation response in patients with delayed hypersensitivity reactions to heparins Get access S. Lopez, S. Lopez Research Laboratory, Carlos Haya Hospital‐Fundación IMABIS, 29009 Malaga, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. Torres, M.J. Torres Allergy Service, Carlos Haya Hospital, Malaga, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Rodríguez‐Pena, R. Rodríguez‐Pena Research Laboratory, Carlos Haya Hospital‐Fundación IMABIS, 29009 Malaga, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Blanca‐Lopez, N. Blanca‐Lopez Allergy Service, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.D. Fernandez, T.D. Fernandez Research Laboratory, Carlos Haya Hospital‐Fundación IMABIS, 29009 Malaga, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Antunez, C. Antunez Research Laboratory, Carlos Haya Hospital‐Fundación IMABIS, 29009 Malaga, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Canto, G. Canto Allergy Service, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. De Luque, V. De Luque Allergy Service, Virgen Macarena Hospital, Seville, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Mayorga C. Mayorga Research Laboratory, Carlos Haya Hospital‐Fundación IMABIS, 29009 Malaga, Spain Correspondence: Cristobalina Mayorga. E‐mail: mayorga.lina@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 2, 1 February 2009, Pages 259–265, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08875.x Published: 01 February 2009
Particularities of tuberculosis in children aged 0-3 years
Authors: Ecaterina Evstratii, Valentina Vilc
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) affects different ages, but more danger are for children aged under 3 years. Namely for this age is specific rapid spread of TB process, diverse forms of TB, individual response.  Aim: To evaluate the clinical evolution of tuberculosis in children aged 0-3 years and to evaluate risk factors for TB among this children.  Methods: This retrospective study included 169 children   Conclusions: Control of TB in children requires identification and treatment of all sources of TB among adults. Knowledge on the factors that influences TB in children is of upmost importance to evaluate transmission in communities and to adjust TB control activities.
Passive transfer of modest titers of potent and broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies block SHIV infection in macaques
Authors: Masashi Shingai, Olivia K. Donau, Ronald J. Plishka, Alicia Buckler-White, John R. Mascola, Gary J. Nabel, Martha C. Nason, David Montefiori, Brian Moldt, Pascal Poignard, Ron Diskin, Pamela J. Bjorkman, Michael A. Eckhaus, Florian Klein, Hugo Mouquet, Julio Cesar Cetrulo Lorenzi, Anna Gazumyan, Dennis R. Burton, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Malcolm A. Martin, Yoshiaki Nishimura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

It is widely appreciated that effective human vaccines directed against viral pathogens elicit neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The passive transfer of anti-HIV-1 NAbs conferring sterilizing immunity to macaques has been used to determine the plasma neutralization titers, which must be present at the time of exposure, to prevent acquisition of SIV/HIV chimeric virus (SHIV) infections. We administered five recently isolated potent and broadly acting anti-HIV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to rhesus macaques and challenged them intrarectally 24 h later with either of two different R5-tropic SHIVs. By combining the results obtained from 60 challenged animals, we determined that the protective neutralization titer in plasma preventing virus infection in 50% of the exposed monkeys was relatively modest (∼1:100) and potentially achievable by vaccination.
Protective responses in the ischemic myocardium
Authors: R. Sanders Williams, Ivor J. Benjamin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Acute coronary syndromes and heart failure arising as a consequence of ischemic injury to the myocardium account for a large proportion of all hospital admissions and of all causes of death in industrialized nations. Medical and surgical management of these conditions consumes enormous resources each year, but current therapeutic measures fall far short of reducing death and disability from ischemic heart disease to acceptable levels. Several recently successful advances in therapy of acute coronary syndromes are based on limiting the extent of myocardial damage that ensues following occlusion of a major coronary artery by rapid restoration of blood flow. However, many patients are not suitable candidates for thrombolytic drugs or revascularization procedures, and these approaches often are applied too late to prevent irreversible damage to the myocardium. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of ischemic injury, and of endogenous defense mechanisms, could foster additional improvements in clinical care.