tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival outcomes of advanced pancreatic cancer in an integrative treatment setting: The Cancer Treatment Centers of America experience
Authors: C. G. Lis, R. D. Levin, R. Neelam, P. G. Vashi, C. A. Lammersfeld, L. Alschuler, J. F. Grutsch, M. Daehler, R. Neelam, J. Granick, D. Gupta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

15188 Background: In this study, we report the survival outcomes of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who underwent intra- arterial mitomycin/cisplatin therapy at Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA), a community hospital comprehensive cancer center combining conventional and integrative medical therapies. Methods: At our center, all patients undergo a comprehensive program of nutritional, spiritual, physical, naturopathic, and emotional support while receiving an aggressive conventional treatment protocol. Using data collected by the cancer registry, we identified 114 consecutively treated newly diagnosed cases of invasive pancreatic cancer who underwent definitive treatment between Jan 01 and Dec 05. Results: 26 patients were stage III and 88 were stage IV. The median age was 58 years (range 31 to 81 years). 55 patients were selected for intra-arterial therapy with mitomycin/cisplatin. These patients had a PS of 2 or better and either had no metastatic lesions or a single localized liver metastasis. 16 patients in this cohort received radiotherapy. The 59 other patients underwent a variety of therapies. Intra-arterially treated patients had a median survival of 369 days and a 2-year cumulative survival of 19%. Patients not treated with intra-arterial therapy had a median survival of 249 days and a 2-year survival of 11%. Univariate survival analysis found that patients undergoing intra-arterial therapy had significantly better survival outcomes compared to patients undergoing different therapies (Log rank test P = 0.04). The table compares the survival outcomes of recent phase III investigations on first line therapies for pancreatic cancer with those at CTCA. Conclusion: Currently, the published clinical trial data in advanced pancreatic indicates a one-year survival ranging from less than 10% to 28%. Consequently, the survival outcomes of patients undergoing therapy at our center warrant further investigation. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Fast ventricular tachycardias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Efficacy and safety of antitachycardia pacing
Authors: Javier Jiménez-Candil, Angel Arenal, Arcadio García-Alberola, Mercedes Ortiz, Silvia del Castillo, Javier Fernández-Portales, Juan Sánchez-Muñoz, Juan Martínez-Sánchez, Esteban González-Torrecilla, Felipe Atienza, Alberto Puchol, Jesús Almendral
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 are associated with early glomerular lesions in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Meda E. Pavkov, E. Jennifer Weil, Gudeta D. Fufaa, Robert G. Nelson, Kevin V. Lemley, William C. Knowler, Monika A. Niewczas, Andrzej S. Krolewski
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Effect of ski geometry and standing height on kinetic energy: equipment designed to reduce risk of severe traumatic injuries in alpine downhill ski racing
Authors: Matthias Gilgien, Jörg Spörri, Josef Kröll, Erich Müller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Injuries in downhill (DH) are often related to high speed and, therefore, to high energy and forces which are involved in injury situations. Yet to date, no study has investigated the effect of ski geometry and standing height on kinetic energy (EKIN) in DH. This knowledge would be essential to define appropriate equipment rules that have the potential to protect the athletes' health.During a field experiment on an official World Cup DH course, 2 recently retired world class skiers skied on 5 different pairs of skis varying in width, length and standing height. Course characteristics, terrain and the skiers' centre of mass position were captured by a differential Global Navigational Satellite System-based methodology. EKIN, speed, ski-snow friction force (FF), ground reaction force (FGRF) and ski-snow friction coefficient (CoeffF) were calculated and analysed in dependency of the used skis.In the steep terrain, longer skis with reduced width and standing height significantly decreased average EKIN by ∼ 3%. Locally, even larger reductions of EKIN were observed (up to 7%). These local decreases in EKIN were mainly explainable by higher FF. Moreover, CoeffF differences seem of greater importance for explaining local FF differences than the differences in FGRF.Knowing that increased speed and EKIN likely lead to increased forces in fall/crash situations, the observed equipment-induced reduction in EKIN can be considered a reasonable measure to improve athlete safety, even though the achieved preventative gains are rather small and limited to steep terrain.
Consistent in-frame internal tandem duplications of BCOR characterize clear cell sarcoma of the kidney
Authors: Hitomi Ueno-Yokohata, Hajime Okita, Keiko Nakasato, Shingo Akimoto, Jun-ichi Hata, Tsugumichi Koshinaga, Masahiro Fukuzawa, Nobutaka Kiyokawa
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC): Results of phase II trial T99–0077
Authors: R. E. Gallagher, A. Ferrari, A. Kaubisch, D. Makower, C. Stein, L. Rajdev, R. Gucalp, S. Wadler, J. Mandeli, C. Sarta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4638 Background: Chemotherapy regimens for HRPC frequently produce clinical responses, as measured by a decline in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or, less frequently, by objective criteria but have, at best, a modest effect on survival. In the effort to discover alternative effective therapy, ATO was tested for efficacy in HRPC, based on in vitro evidence of anti-prostate cancer cell activity and on remarkable clinical effectiveness in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), partly due to induction of APL cell terminal differentiation. Methods: Patient (pt) eligibility required failure of ≥2 prior hormonal therapies ± chemotherapy, PSA ≥10 ng/mL with metastatic disease and ECOG performance status ≤2. Two schedules were successively applied: ATO, 0.2 mg/kg/day, for two contiguous 5-day periods (intervening week-end off), 28-day cycle x4 cycles (12 pts) or 1 cycle, as above, followed by 0.25 mg/kg twice/week x14 weeks (7 pts). The primary endpoint was confirmed ≥50% reduction in PSA and/or >30% tumor shrinkage by RECIST criteria after 16 weeks of treatment. Since ATO might produce an early PSA increase due to tumor cell differentiation, only pts who completed 2 cycles (schedule 1) or 6 weeks maintenance (schedule 2) were considered evaluable. Results: Of 19 pts registered, 15 were evaluable; 7/15 had failed previous chemotherapy. There were 2 PSA responses, 1 precipitous from >13,000 to <200 ng/mL, but no objective responses. Twelve pts manifested an early reduction in PSA velocity of 1–16 weeks duration. Grade 3/4 toxicity occurred in 13 pts, requiring dose reductions in 4 and protocol removal in 2 cases; causes were (pt #): neutropenia (4), anemia (2), diarrhea (2), fluid/electrolyte disturbances (2, 1 with pericardial tamponade), fatigue (2), musculoskeletal symptoms (2), and skin rash (1). Conclusions: ATO monotherapy has limited efficacy for the treatment of HRPC, associated with moderate toxicity. A high incidence of decreased PSA velocity suggests an early cytostatic rather than differentiation effect on tumor cells. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Injection of radioactive colloid and blue dye at the peri-areolar edge in the tumor quadrant for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: Results of the UK NEW START training program
Authors: A. Goyal, F. MacNeill, M. Keshtgar, K. Horgan, M. Kissin, G. Layer, G. Wishart, D. Brown, A. Purusotham, R. E. Mansel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

538 Background: Despite the widespread application of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for early stage breast cancer, there is a wide variation in reported test performance characteristics. This is partly because of lack of standardized protocols for radioisotope and blue dye injection. Ad-hoc adoption of SLNB is associated with substantial learning curves (>50), low localization and false negative rates of over 10%. In the UK, a structured multiprofessional training program (NEW START) was established to allow rapid national uptake of sentinel lymph node biopsy whilst ensuring safe performance. Methods: 3,724 patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer underwent SLNB by 149 surgeons inexperienced in this technique according to a standardized protocol: Tumor Quadrant Technique - Combined technique of isotope and blue dye with mandatory scintiscans. 10–20MBq of Tc99m labeled nanocolloid (Nanocoll GE Healthcare) injected into intradermal peri-areolar tissue in tumor quadrant (not over the tumor): dose adjusted according to surgery scheduling. This technique offers the advantages of dermal injection and in addition eliminates shine through from upper quadrant lesions. Patent V Blue dye injected into subdermal peri-areolar tissue in tumor quadrant at induction of anesthesia. Results: SLNB was followed by standard axillary treatment at the same operation in 3,205/3,724. 1,185 of 3,724 patients (32%) had axillary nodal metastases. Lymphoscintigraphy visualized drainage of isotope to axillary lymph nodes or other sites in 92% patients. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were identified in 99% patients (3,680/3,724). The mean number of SLNs removed per patient was 2.2 (8,231/3,680). There were 84 false negatives, resulting in a false negative rate of 7.8% (84/1,075). A very short learning curve was demonstrated. Conclusions: Tumor quadrant injection technique has a short learning curve and is associated with low failed localization and false negative rates even in inexperienced hands. It is easy to learn, reproducible and can be easily rolled out nationwide in a standardized manner. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Iron Regulation of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Functions and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Marie Balslev Backe, Ingrid Wahl Moen, Christina Ellervik, Jakob Bondo Hansen, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2016)

Dietary advice is the cornerstone in first-line treatment of metabolic diseases. Nutritional interventions directed at these clinical conditions mainly aim to (a) improve insulin resistance by reducing energy-dense macronutrient intake to obtain weight loss and (b) reduce fluctuations in insulin secretion through avoidance of rapidly absorbable carbohydrates. However, even in the majority of motivated patients selected for clinical trials, massive efforts using this approach have failed to achieve lasting efficacy. Less attention has been given to the role of micronutrients in metabolic diseases. Here, we review the evidence that highlights (a) the importance of iron in pancreatic beta-cell function and dysfunction in diabetes and (b) the integrative pathophysiological effects of tissue iron levels in the interactions among the beta cell, gut microbiome, hypothalamus, innate and adaptive immune systems, and insulin-sensitive tissues. We propose that clinical trials are warranted to clarify the impact of dietary or pharmacological iron reduction on the development of metabolic disorders.
Food, farming, and flu
Authors: David Payne
Journal: BMJ (2015)

As we in the northern hemisphere embrace Keats’s “season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,” gather in the harvest, and reach for the central heating controls, there have been renewed calls for pandemic flu trials in hospitals, owing to the disputed effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors.

Earlier this month a report by the Wellcome Trust and Academy of Medical Sciences considered possible future treatments and research priorities (doi:10.1136/bmj.h5390). It drew on recent reviews of the evidence for the use of these drugs to treat and prevent flu.

But have we missed the boat? This week Carl Heneghan and Ben Goldacre (doi:10.1136/bmj.h5635) remind us that because oseltamivir and zanamivir are …
Risk of Ocular Complications in Patients with Noninfectious Intermediate Uveitis, Posterior Uveitis, or Panuveitis
Authors: Andrew D. Dick, Namita Tundia, Rachael Sorg, Chen Zhao, Jingdong Chao, Avani Joshi, Martha Skup
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)

PurposeNoninfectious uveitis results in vision loss and ocular complications without adequate treatment. We compared the risk of developing ocular complications between patients with noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis (NIIPPU) and matched controls.DesignRetrospective analysis of insurance claims data (OptumHealth, Eden Prairie, MN; January 1, 1998–March 31, 2012).ParticipantsCases 18 to 64 years of age with 2 or more NIIPPU diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes) were matched 1:1 by sex, age, region, company, employment status, and index date with controls without uveitis. Patients with an ocular complication during baseline were excluded.MethodsContinuous eligibility for 6 months or more before the first NIIPPU diagnosis date was required. Risks of ocular complications developing during patients' continuous eligibility in the study period were compared using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to estimate risk of and time to complications and adjusted Cox regression analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs).Main Outcome MeasuresPercentages of cases and controls who demonstrate ocular complications and 1-, 5-, and 10-year risks and HRs for each complication.ResultsMean age of the 1769 cases and matched controls was 47 years and 47% were men; 302 cases had persistent NIIPPU. During the study period, NIIPPU cases had a higher risk of any ocular complication (P < 0.001); the 5-year risk of any ocular complication was 66% for patients versus 24% for controls. Specifically, NIIPPU patients had greater 5-year risks of glaucoma (20% vs. 9%), cataract (35% vs. 13%), visual disturbance (29% vs. 9%), blindness or low vision (5% vs. 0.5%), retinal detachment (11% vs. 0.8%), and retinal disorder (28% vs. 2%) compared with controls. Hazard ratios indicated greater risks of ocular complications in cases versus controls during the overall observation period (HR, 5.2 for any ocular complication; HR, 4.8 for visual disturbance; HR, 3.2 for cataract; and HR, 2.7 for glaucoma; all P < 0.001). Hazard ratios for persistent cases indicated even greater risks.ConclusionsNoninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis, particularly persistent disease, is associated with a substantial risk of ocular complications. Optimal treatment initiatives remain imperative to reduce the ocular complication–related burden of NIIPPU.
Effects of trastuzumab (H) and chemotherapy on circulating HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: B. Leyland-Jones, M. Marty, J. Baselga, U. Gatzemeier, C. Barton, S. Lennon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

570 Background: H is a humanised monoclonal antibody directed at HER2. The extracellular domain (ECD) of the HER2 protein may be shed into the serum and is detectable using ELISA. A correlation has previously been suggested between baseline shed ECD and response. This relationship as well as the effect of trastuzumab [Herceptin (H)] and chemotherapy on ECD levels are investigated. Methods: Data are presented from 4 phase II/III clinical trials: Study BO15935: q3w H + paclitaxel (P) in MBC (N=30 patients analysed for ECD) Study M77001: q3w docetaxel (D) +/- qw H in MBC (N=135) Study WO16229: q3w H alone in MBC (N=98) Study BO15899: qw Gemcitabine/Cisplatin (GC) +/- H in NSCLC (N=103) ECD sampling frequency varied between studies from every cycle to every third cycle. Results: No clear relationship was found between baseline ECD levels and best clinical response. After the start of therapy, ECD levels fell irrespective of the agent(s) received. Cytotoxics +/- H resulted in rapid large reductions in ECD followed by a relative plateau (eg study M77001: median ECD declined from baseline of 30.2 ng/ml (n=136) to 9.8ng/ml (n=97) at cycle 6 (week 16)). However, H monotherapy led to a slower, more steady reduction over the duration of treatment (eg study WO16229: declined from baseline of 31.4 ng/ml (n=98) to 8.7 ng/ml (n=2) at cycle 24 (week 70)). There was no obvious difference in the course or the extent of decline when analysed by best response. Additional longitudinal analyses will be presented. Conclusions: In these studies including a total of 366 patients, there was no obvious relationship between baseline ECD levels and response. In all cases ECD levels dropped with antiproliferative therapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Roche Genentech; Lilly; Roche Roche AstraZeneca Hoffmann-LaRoche
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among persons with hemophilia A.
Authors: Ehrenkranz Nj, Rubini J, Gunn R, Horsburgh Cr, Collins T, Hasiba U, Hathaway W, Doig W, Hopkins R, Elliott J
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (1982)

This article describes 3 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in heterosexual men with hemophilia A but without other underlying disease.  None had a history of intravenous drug abuse.  All 3 had lymphopenia and the 2 patients who were specifically tested had in vitro evidence of cellular immune deficiency.  2 patients have died and 1 remains critically ill.  All 3 patients had received frequent injections of Factor VIII concentrate for many years but no 2 patients are known to have received concentrate from the same lots.  The 1st patient a 62-year old resident of Westchester County New York with a history of chronic hepatitis presented with weight loss vague right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort cough and fever.  The 2nd patient a 59-year old resident of Denver Colorado reported gradual weight loss dysphagia associated with pharyngitis aphthous-like ulcers and anterior cervical adenopathy.  Laboratory evidence for cellular immune dysfunction included absent mitogen responses and depletion of the T-helper lymphocyte cell population relative increases in the T-suppressor cells and a resultant inverted T-helper/T-suppressor ratio.  The 3rd patient a previously healthy 27-year old from Ohio developed fever urinary frequency splenomegaly anemia and lymphopenia.  He showed the same evidence of cellular immune dysfunction as Patient 2.  These represent the 1st reported cases of P. carinii pneumonia among hemophilia patients who have had no other underlying diseases and have not had therapy for immunosuppression.  The clinical and immunologic features of these 3 cases are strikingly similar to those observed among homosexual men intravenous drug abusers and Haitian immigrants.  Transmission of an agent through blood products is suspected to have occurred.
Abstract #LB-227: Identifying a subtype of Epstein-Barr virus as a valuable indicator for a high risk of NPC in southern China
Authors: Dajiang Li, Lin-Lin Zhang, Qian Tao, Lifu Hu, Yi-xin Zeng, Weihua Jia, Tiebang Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is considered as the major contributor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a malignancy with a remarkable geographic and ethnic distribution worldwide. However, it remains unsolved if there is a specific EBV subtype as an indicator for a high risk of NPC in the NPC endemic regions. In this report, the variants in RPMS1 gene, one of the most important latent genes of EBV that is closely involved in the NPC risk, have been screened in a large scale. Sporadic Cantonese NPC patients (N=364), healthy Cantonese donors (N=306), patients with cancers other than NPC (N=53) and healthy donors from the non-endemic regions (N=299) were diagnosed and collected in the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, and tumor biopsy (TB) and/or throat washing (TW) samples from these donors or patients were obtained. The frequency of G155849A in RPMS1 of EBV was about 82% in TB or TW from NPC patients in Canton, one of the NPC endemic regions. Both of them were statistically higher than that in TW from healthy donors (46.1%, p<0.0001) and from patients with cancers other than NPC (38.5%, p<0.0001), and that in TB from patients with NK/T and Burkitt's lymphomas, two well-known diseases associated with EBV (35.7%, p<0.0001), from the same region. Interestingly, the frequency of G155849A in RPMS1 of EBV in TW from healthy donors in this NPC endemic region is much higher than that in non-endemic regions for NPC in China and Europe (2.4~8.0%, p<0.0001). Therefore, we conclude that 155849A in RPMS1 of EBV represented a specific EBV subtype in the NPC endemic region, and could serve as a valuable indicator for a high risk of NPC in southern China.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-227.
Use of Chemoradiation for Management of Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tyvin A. Rich
Journal: Liver Cancer (1998)

External beam irradiation (ExBRT) for management of biliary tract cancers has been used most often for palliation of localized symptoms of pain, bleeding, and obstruction and less frequently as radical treatment for patients with unresectable disease. Adjuvant irradiation has been given either before or after surgical resection in an effort to reduce local recurrence. In either situation, high-dose ExBRT is required and should be given with precise treatment planning and multiple beams. Conformal irradiation is a new technique used at a few institutions that may improve the results because higher total ExBRT doses can be given safely. Another way to deliver higher-dose radiation in patients with drainage access to the biliary tree is with endoluminl radioactive implants, which can be combined with ExBRT to deliver highly localized treatment.
Platelet-derived VWF is not essential for normal thrombosis and hemostasis but fosters ischemic stroke injury in mice
Authors: Sebastien Verhenne, Frederik Denorme, Sarah Libbrecht, Aline Vandenbulcke, Inge Pareyn, Hans Deckmyn, Antoon Lambrecht, Bernhard Nieswandt, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Karen Vanhoorelbeke, Simon F. De Meyer
Journal: Blood (2015)
Immunocytokine augments local and abscopal response and animal survival when added to radiation and CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibition in a murine melanoma model
Authors: Zachary S Morris, Emily I Guy, David M Francis, Monica M Gressett, Eric A Armstrong, Shyhmin Huang, Stephen D Gillies, Alan J Korman, Jacquelyn A Hank, Alexander L Rakhmilevich, Paul M Harari, Paul M Sondel
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts We have identified a cooperative interaction between radiation and intratumoral injection of anti-GD2 immunocytokine (hu14.18-IL2) in murine tumor models. In a moderate size (~200mm3), single tumor, B78 melanoma model this combination results in complete tumor regression in 71% of
Mcl-1 expression influcences CD8+ anti-tumor immunity.
Authors: Lukas W Pfannenstiel, Brian R Gastman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts The recent clinical successes of immunotherapies such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibody blockade have re-invigorated the idea that the immune system has the potential to be a powerful tool to destroy tumors. However despite ample evidence that these therapies are able to
Guidelines are needed on when to visit
Authors: B. Court
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—I share Brian Hurwitz's scepticism that emergency centres will become realistic alternatives to home visits.1 Despite 69% of British households having access to at least one car or van2 difficulties with transport are not easily overcome. There is a cultural gap between the public, who desire increasing convenience, and general practitioners, who personally (and understandably) want to be inconvenienced less—as much as anything so that they can provide a more efficient service …