tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sudden cardiac death in athletes
Authors: Christopher Semsarian, Joanna Sweeting, Michael J Ackerman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Sudden cardiac death is defined as an unexpected death, occurring usually within one hour from onset of symptoms in cases where the death is witnessed and in un witnessed cases within 24 hours of the individual last being seen alive and well.1 Sudden cardiac death in athletes is the leading cause of medical death in this subgroup, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 500 to 1 in 80 000 athletes per year, although a wide range has been reported, from 1 in 3000 in some subpopulations to 1 in 1 00 0000.2 Males, black or African Americans, and basketball players seem to be at a higher risk than other subgroups.2

Although rare, sudden cardiac death in athletes is important because of its impact within both the sporting community and the general community. The widely held perception is that athletes represent examples of health and vitality, so the sudden cardiac death of an athlete can evoke strong emotions and disbelief. The esteem in which athletes are held, in combination with often highly emotive reporting from the media, means that these events are tragedies not only on a personal family level but also at a public level.3 This review summarises the common causes of sudden cardiac death in athletes and examines whether systematic training can confer increased risk for the condition. Also considered are the measures that can be undertaken to prevent sudden cardiac death.

A competitive athlete is defined as “one who participates in an organised team or individual sport that requires regular competition against others as a central component, places a high premium on excellence and achievement, and requires some form of systematic (and usually intense) training.”4 Although this generally includes students in high school, college, and university and those participating in paid professional …
Molecular Controls of Arterial Morphogenesis
Authors: Michael Simons, Anne Eichmann
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Formation of arterial vasculature, here termed arteriogenesis, is a central process in embryonic vascular development as well as in adult tissues. Although the process of capillary formation, angiogenesis, is relatively well understood, much remains to be learned about arteriogenesis. Recent discoveries point to the key role played by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in control of this process and to newly identified control circuits that dramatically influence its activity. The latter can present particularly attractive targets for a new class of therapeutic agents capable of activation of this signaling cascade in a ligand-independent manner, thereby promoting arteriogenesis in diseased tissues.
Adding Mitral Valve Annuloplasty to Surgical Revascularization Does Not Benefit Patients With Functional Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Robert H. Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Abstract 18455: Genome Editing Identifies a Functional Role for the Lead Variant at the ZC3HC1 Coronary Artery Disease Risk Locus in Cell Cycle Regulation
Authors: Peter D Jones, Mike Kaiser, Thomas R Webb, Nilesh J Samani
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Genome wide association studies have identified 46 chromosomal loci that are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD); however, for most of these loci the mechanism by which they affect CAD risk is unclear. The association signal at chromosome 7q32.2 is rare amongst CAD GWAS loci as the lead variant, rs11556924, introduces a coding change (His363Arg) in the ZC3HC1 gene. No other variants are in strong linkage disequilibrium, suggesting that this is the functional SNP. During interphase, ZC3HC1 degrades Cyclin B1, keeping its levels low. Inactivation of ZC3HC1 and subsequent accumulation of Cyclin B1 triggers entry into mitosis. We hypothesised that the effect of the SNP perturbs the function of ZC3HC1 in regulating the cell cycle. To investigate this, we used recombinant adeno-associated virus mediated genome editing to generate isogenic DLD-1 cell lines that are identical apart from at rs11556924. A proliferation assay comparing the rate of growth of cells of the homozygous non-risk and heterozygous isogenic lines showed a decrease in cellular growth in cells carrying one copy of the risk allele, with a mean of 25.4% fewer cells after 5 days growth (p=0.019). Counter-intuitively, cells carrying the risk allele also showed an increase in mitotic index, with the number of cells in mitosis after 2 hours of mitotic arrest induced with the microtubule-depolymerising drug colchicine, increasing from μ=7.25% (S.E.=0.71%) to μ=12.32% (S.E.=1.71%) (p=0.0001). This increase in mitotic index could be caused by chromosome segregation errors that may be causing cells to arrest in mitosis, which would be expected to result in a widening in the distribution of chromosome numbers in these cells. We tested this by counting the number of chromosomes in cells carrying the risk allele compared to those which are homozygous for the non-risk allele but found no difference in chromosome number (p=0.78). These data suggest that the CAD risk allele of rs11556924 perturbs Cyclin B1 dynamics causing a delay in the progression of mitosis. The mechanism by which this increases CAD risk requires further elucidation.
The histone lysine methyltransferase KMT2D sustains a gene expression program that represses B cell lymphoma development
Authors: Ana Ortega-Molina, Isaac W Boss, Andres Canela, Heng Pan, Yanwen Jiang, Chunying Zhao, Man Jiang, Deqing Hu, Xabier Agirre, Itamar Niesvizky, Ji-Eun Lee, Hua-Tang Chen, Daisuke Ennishi, David W Scott, Anja Mottok, Christoffer Hother, Shichong Liu, Xing-Jun Cao, Wayne Tam, Rita Shaknovich, Benjamin A Garcia, Randy D Gascoyne, Kai Ge, Ali Shilatifard, Olivier Elemento, Andre Nussenzweig, Ari M Melnick, Hans-Guido Wendel
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Providing care at home will not save money for NHS in next five years, Monitor says
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

New models of care being promoted in the NHS in England are unlikely to break even within five years, even if well designed, the health service regulator Monitor says in a new report.1

Its analysis of the financial impact of models that aim to provide care closer to home showed that, even under the most optimistic assumptions, savings would accrue only if they reduced the need for further investment in acute care trusts. “Schemes can deliver care at lower cost, but it’s pretty marginal,” said Chris Walters, Monitor’s chief economist, at a conference held by the Reform think tank on 9 September.

New models of care are the cornerstone of NHS England’s Five Year Forward View and are being developed at vanguard sites across the country.2 The future of the NHS depends on them, NHS England’s chief executive, Simon Stevens, has said.

Monitor’s analysis did find that four of the modelled schemes—short …
Pre-Hospital Reduced-Dose Fibrinolysis Coupled With Urgent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Reduces Time to Reperfusion and Improves Angiographic Perfusion Score Compared With Prehospital Fibrinolysis Alone or Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Richard W. Smalling, Gregory M. Giesler, Vinay R. Julapalli, Ali E. Denktas, Stefano M. Sdringola, Mary T. Vooletich, James J. McCarthy, Richard N. Bradley, David E. Persse, Bonnie K. Richter, Masahiro Yagi, Kenichi Fujise, H. Vernon Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
3D Micropillars Guide the Mechanobiology of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Raghavendra Palankar, Michael Glaubitz, Ulrike Martens, Nikolay Medvedev, Marvin von der Ehe, Stephan B. Felix, Markus Münzenberg, Mihaela Delcea
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

3D micropillars generated by photolithography are used as a platform to probe by atomic force microscopy the mechanodynamics of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. 3D micropillars guide subcellular cytoskeletal modifications of cardiomyocytes and lead to biochemical changes altering beating rate, stiffness, and calcium dynamics of the cells.
Broad spectrum of autoantibodies in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and X-linked thrombocytopenia
Authors: Elena Crestani, Stefano Volpi, Fabio Candotti, Silvia Giliani, Lucia Dora Notarangelo, Julia Chu, Juan Carlos Aldave Becerra, David Buchbinder, Janet Chou, Raif S. Geha, Maria Kanariou, Alejandra King, Cinzia Mazza, Daniele Moratto, Robert Sokolic, Elizabeth Garabedian, Fulvio Porta, Maria Caterina Putti, Rima H. Wakim, Erdyni Tsitsikov, Sung-Yun Pai, Luigi D. Notarangelo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Follow-up at 4½ Years on Homosexual Men with Generalized Lymphadenopathy
Authors: U Mathur-Wagh, D Mildvan, R T Senie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The authors report follow-up results from a longitudinal study of homosexual and bisexual men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy initiated in 1981.  At the 2 1/2-year follow-up 8 of the 42 men in the study had developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).  After 4 1/2 years 12 of the 42 patients (29%) had progression to AIDS including 7 with Kaposis sarcoma 2 with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 1 with both these conditions and 1 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.  The mean duration of lymphadenopathy before diagnosis of AIDS was 25 months.  Observations in this series supports the possible role of cofactors in AIDS.  Analysis at 2 1/2 years suggested that a history of heavy or moderate use of nitrate inhalant before study entry was predictive of ultimate progression to AIDS.  The association between nitrate use and the development of Kaposis sarcoma remained significant at 4 1/2 years but no such association was observed for P. carinii pneumonia.  Thus these findings suggest that nitrate inhalants may act alone or in combination with other as yet unidentified cofactors after AIDS retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency by promoting the specific disease manifestation of Kaposis sarcoma.
Scrap Sunday GP appointments, review advises
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Additional hours in general practice should be provided on weekdays and Saturday mornings and be used for urgent problems rather than for bookable appointments, a review carried out for NHS England has concluded.

The independent analysis of the first wave of pilot sites offering extended services has shown that patients had little desire to see their GP on a Sunday and that few took up appointments on Saturday afternoons.1

The BMA said that the findings raised “serious concerns” about the government’s approach to seven day services for general practice, which has resulted in “precious NHS resources being wasted on keeping near empty practices open and staffed.”

The government announced the £50m (€70m; $75m) Challenge Fund, now called the Prime Minister’s GP Access Fund, in October 2013 to introduce seven day access to routine GP services in England by 2020.2

The …
Prenatal Shaping of Behaviour
Authors: E D ACHESON
Journal: BMJ (1964)

reproductive system.Only therefore after experiments on a wide range of mammals have been carried out, and then only with the utmost caution, is it permissible to generalize from the laboratory animal to the human patient.In our present state of knowledge a certificate of absolute reliability cannot be given to any new drug, particularly in regard to its effects on the human embryo.But in actual practice doctors are familiar with the need to weigh the risks of treatment against those of letting nature work unaided.
Lesson of the Week: Hypocalcaemic stridor and infantile nutritional rickets
Authors: J J A Train, R W Yates, M R J Sury
Journal: BMJ (1995)

help numb the pain afterwards.When you wake up you will be breathing oxygen.All this is absolutely routine.Is that all right?"This might not satisfy all my patients who would question me about details.These would be answered but matters would be amplified only as required by the patient.The professional conduct committee appears to have ruled that my approach would have been too paternalistic. OutcomeMitchell has indicated what has happened in the respondent's hospital and that the decision has been applied to day units there.Some of the reactions may be excessive, but there is a need for guidance to indicate the limits to which every anaesthetist shall go in seeking consent.The professional conduct committee's decision has considerable resource implications for the NHS.I assume that it was the generic "suppository" that was relevant, not the specific drug content.The absence of knowledge about the intention to use it resulted in legal assault.Nevertheless, the action was benign in intent.The penalty of being found guilty of serious professional misconduct beyond reasonable doubt (the standard of proof for a criminal) is surely out of proportion.We shall not know the reasons for this verdict, as the GMC is shy of open debate.Perhaps there are no grades of professional misconduct.In the absence of a penalty other than admonition there can be no appeal.Meanwhile, it seems to me that this entire case was provocative at first, meddlesome in the middle, and outrageous at the end.
Noninvasive Estimation of LV Filling Pressures in Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: Revisited and Verified⁎⁎Editorials published in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Sherif F. Nagueh
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Principles of Genetics: A Textbook, with Problems.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Development and optimization of PSCA-specific CAR T cells for the treatment of bone metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Ethan Gerdts, Saul Priceman, Dileshni Tilakawardane, Anthony Park, Wen-Chung Chang, Sarah Wright, Christine E Brown, Stephen J Forman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the third most common cancer type in the United States, with over 200,000 new cases projected to be diagnosed this year. In approximately 80% of PCa patients, tumor phenotype includes overexpression of prostate stem cell antigen, or PSCA. Furthermore, PSCA
In vivo efficacy of an aldehyde degradation product of dimethane sulfonate (NSC 281612) in an orthotopic RXF-393 human renal tumor model
Authors: John P. Carter, Howard L. Stotler, Melinda G. Hollingshead
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

1381 

The Developmental Therapeutics Program has demonstrated that the dimethane sulfonate aldehyde degradation product (NSC 281612) is uniquely active against human renal tumors compared to other alkylating agents. This has resulted in a series of human tumor xenograft studies assessing the potential for in vivo activity. NSC 281612 is a small molecule (MW = 379) that has a t1/2 of about 30 hours. In vivo experiments using orthotopically implanted human renal tumor lines demonstrate significant anti-tumor activity. Female 6-8 wk old SCID mice were anesthetized and placed into lateral recumbency. An incision just caudal to the left rib cage allowed exposure of the caudal pole of the kidney. The tumor cell suspension (2x106 in 0.025 ml) was slowly injected into the parenchyma of the kidney using a 27 ga needle to minimize leakage of cells into the peritoneum. The kidney was replaced, the skin was closed and the mice recovered. Mice were randomized prior to the first treatment and then treated by various routes, doses and schedules. Controls were injected with drug vehicle. At euthanasia (days 21 - 27) tumor size was determined as the difference in weight between the left (tumored) and right (nontumored) kidneys. Dosing schedules included single, intermittent and repeated daily doses. When tested against RXF-393 renal tumors on an intermittent schedule, NSC 281612 had a significant impact on tumor growth at doses as low as 2 mg/kg ([Table 1][1]). A single 25 mg/kg dose given on day 10 or 15 post-tumor implantation produced 7/10 animals with no detectable tumor whereas this same dose given on day 5 was ineffective. On a daily x 5 schedule there was also a statistically significant decrease in tumor, as well as tumor-free animals, at 3.4 mg/kg/dose. The results suggest that single bolus dosing is as effective as repeated dosing in decreasing tumor burden. For all 3 schedules, 8 - 9/10 animals had no detectable tumor, and in those that did, the tumors were small. These results support further development of NSC 281612 which is currently undergoing IND-directed toxicology studies to support clinical trials. This work was supported by NCI Contract NO1-CO-12400.



![Figure][2]  [1]: #F1
 [2]: pending:yes
Clinical Utility of Heavy/Light Chain Assay for Evaluation and Prognostication in Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Josip Batinic, Zinaida Peric, Dragana Segulja, James Last, Sanja Perkovic, Klara Dubravcic, Lidija Volaric, Dubravka Sertic, Ivo Radman, Sandra Basic-Kinda, Danica Matisic, Drago Batinic, Boris Labar, Damir Nemet
Journal: Blood (2014)
Rebranding public health as “soft healing” is not necessary
Authors: Gee Yen Shin, Rohini J Manuel
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Mozaffarian and colleagues propose an interesting concept of “soft healing,” as opposed to “hard healing,” which is what goes on in primary care (GP practices) and secondary care (NHS hospitals).1

Although they refer to the limits of “hard power” they do not mention the shortcomings of “soft power.” We think it …
Part 3: Adult Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation
Authors: Andrew H. Travers, Gavin D. Perkins, Robert A. Berg, Maaret Castren, Julie Considine, Raffo Escalante, Raul J. Gazmuri, Rudolph W. Koster, Swee Han Lim, Kevin J. Nation, Theresa M. Olasveengen, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Michael R. Sayre, Alfredo Sierra, Michael A. Smyth, David Stanton, Christian Vaillancourt, Joost J.L.M. Bierens, Emmanuelle Bourdon, Hermann Brugger, Jason E. Buick, Manya L. Charette, Sung Phil Chung, Keith Couper, Mohamud R. Daya, Ian R. Drennan, Jan-Thorsten Gräsner, Ahamed H. Idris, E. Brooke Lerner, Husein Lockhat, Bo Løfgren, Carl McQueen, Koenraad G. Monsieurs, Nicolas Mpotos, Aaron M. Orkin, Linda Quan, Violetta Raffay, Joshua C. Reynolds, Giuseppe Ristagno, Andrea Scapigliati, Tyler F. Vadeboncoeur, Volker Wenzel, Joyce Yeung
Journal: Circulation (2015)

This review comprises the most extensive literature search and evidence evaluation to date on the most important international BLS interventions, diagnostics, and prognostic factors for cardiac arrest victims. It reemphasizes that the critical lifesaving steps of BLS are (1) prevention, (2) immediate recognition and activation of the emergency response system, (3) early high-quality CPR, and (4) rapid defibrillation for shockable rhythms. Highlights in prevention indicate the rational and judicious deployment of search-and-rescue operations in drowning victims and the importance of education on opioid-associated emergencies. Other 2015 highlights in recognition and activation include the critical role of dispatcher recognition and dispatch-assisted chest compressions, which has been demonstrated in multiple international jurisdictions with consistent improvements in cardiac arrest survival. Similar to the 2010 ILCOR BLS treatment recommendations, the importance of high quality was reemphasized across all measures of CPR quality: rate, depth, recoil, and minimal chest compression pauses, with a universal understanding that we all should be providing chest compressions to all victims of cardiac arrest. This review continued to focus on the interface of BLS sequencing and ensuring high-quality CPR with other important BLS interventions, such as ventilation and defibrillation. In addition, this consensus statement highlights the importance of EMS systems, which employ bundles of care focusing on providing high-quality chest compressions while extricating the patient from the scene to the next level of care. Highlights in defibrillation indicate the global importance of increasing the number of sites with public-access defibrillation programs. Whereas the 2010 ILCOR Consensus on Science provided important direction for the “what” in resuscitation (ie, what to do), the 2015 consensus has begun with the GRADE methodology to provide direction for the quality of resuscitation. We hope that resuscitation councils and other stakeholders will be able to translate this body of knowledge of international consensus statements to build their own effective resuscitation guidelines.