tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Extraversion and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Response to Olfactory Stimuli
Authors: Jatin G. Vaidya, Sergio Paradiso, Nancy C. Andreasen, Debra L. Johnson, Laura L. Boles Ponto, Richard D. Hichwa
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Extraversion, a trait associated with individual differences in approach motivation and the experience of positive emotional states, is negatively correlated with certain psychiatric disorders, including depression and social phobia. The authors examined the correlation between extraversion and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) while participants were exposed to olfactory stimuli in order to further characterize individual differences in hedonic processing associated with this trait. Method: Twelve healthy participants were exposed to pleasant and unpleasant odors while rCBF was measured using [ 15 O] water PET. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory was used to assess extraversion. Associations between extraversion scores and rCBF in each olfactory stimulus condition were assessed by correlational analysis. Results: During the pleasant smell condition, extraversion was correlated with rCBF in the amygdala and occipital cortex. During the unpleasant smell condition, extraversion was correlated with rCBF in the occipital cortex and inferior temporal gyrus. Conclusions: These results provide important evidence for the biological basis of extraversion and indicate that there are systematic individual differences in patterns of brain activation in response to affective stimuli.
Alginate encapsulated mesoporous silica nanospheres as a sustained drug delivery system for the poorly water-soluble drug indomethacin
Authors: Liang Hu, Changshan Sun, Aihua Song, Di Chang, Xin Zheng, Yikun Gao, Tongying Jiang, Siling Wang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

We applied a combination of inorganic mesoporous silica material, frequently used as drug carriers, and a natural organic polymer alginate (ALG), to establish a sustained drug delivery system for the poorly water-soluble drug Indomethacin (IND). Mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) were synthesized using an organic template method and then functionalized with aminopropyl groups through postsynthesis. After drug loading into the pores of aninopropyl functionalized MSNs (AP-MSNs), IND loaded AP-MSNs (IND-AP-MSNs) were encapsulated by ALG through the ionic interaction. The effects of surface chemical groups and ALG layer on IND release were systematically studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption, zeta-potential analysis and TGA analysis. The surface structure and surface charge changes of the ALG encapsulated AP-MSNs (ALG-AP-MSNs) were also investigated. The results showed that sustained release of IND from the designed drug delivery system was mainly due to the blockage effect from the coated ALG. We believe that this combination will help designing oral sustained drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs.
Changes in mitochondrial dynamics during ceramide-induced cardiomyocyte early apoptosis
Authors: Valentina Parra, Veronica Eisner, Mario Chiong, Alfredo Criollo, Francisco Moraga, Alejandra Garcia, Steffen Härtel, Enrique Jaimovich, Antonio Zorzano, Cecilia Hidalgo, Sergio Lavandero
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

In cells, mitochondria are organized as a network of interconnected organelles that fluctuate between fission and fusion events (mitochondrial dynamics). This process is associated with cell death. We investigated whether activation of apoptosis with ceramides affects mitochondrial dynamics and promotes mitochondrial fission in cardiomyocytes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were incubated with C2-ceramide or the inactive analog dihydro-C2-ceramide for up to 6 h. Three-dimensional images of cells loaded with mitotracker green were obtained by confocal microscopy. Dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1) and mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) distribution and levels were studied by immunofluorescence and western blot. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cytochrome c (cyt c) distribution were used as indexes of early activation of apoptosis. Cell viability and DNA fragmentation were determined by propidium iodide staining/flow cytometry, whereas cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactic dehydrogenase activity. To decrease the levels of the mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 2, we used an antisense adenovirus (AsMfn2). C2-ceramide, but not dihydro-C2-ceramide, promoted rapid fragmentation of the mitochondrial network in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. C2-ceramide also increased mitochondrial Drp-1 and Fis1 content, Drp-1 colocalization with Fis1, and caused early activation of apoptosis. AsMfn2 accentuated the decrease in ΔΨm and cyt c redistribution induced by C2-ceramide. Doxorubicin, which induces cardiomyopathy and apoptosis through ceramide generation, also stimulated mitochondrial fragmentation. Ceramides stimulate mitochondrial fission and this event is associated with early activation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Strategies to promote translational research within the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Head and Neck Cancer Group: a report from the Translational Research Subcommittee
Authors: A. Psyrri, L. Licitra, D. Lacombe, E. Schuuring, W. Budach, M. Ozsahin, R. Knecht, J.B. Vermorken, J.A. Langendijk
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)

Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. These tumors are commonly diagnosed at advanced stages and mortality rates remain high. Even cured patients suffer the consequences of aggressive treatment that includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In the past, in clinical trials, HNSCC was considered as a single disease entity. Advances in molecular biology with the development of genomic and proteomic approaches have demonstrated distinct prognostic HNSCC patient subsets beyond those defined by traditional clinical-pathological factors such as tumor subsite and stage [Cho W (ed). An Omics Perspective on Cancer Research. New York/Berlin: Springer 2010]. Validation of these biomarkers in large prospective clinical trials is required before their clinical implementation. To promote this research, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Head and Neck Cancer Program will develop the following strategies-(i) biobanking: prospective tissue collection from uniformly treated patients in the setting of clinical trials; (ii) a group of physicians, physician-scientists, and EORTC Headquarters staff devoted to patient-oriented head and neck cancer research; (iii) a collaboration between the basic scientists of the Translational Research Division interested in head and neck cancer research and the physicians of the Head and Neck Cancer Group; and (iv) funding through the EORTC Grant Program and the Network Core Institutions Consortium. In the present report, we summarize our strategic plans to promote head and neck cancer research within the EORTC framework.
Defect of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome patients
Authors: Laura Tassone, Daniele Moratto, William Vermi, Maria De Francesco, Lucia D. Notarangelo, Fulvio Porta, Vassilios Lougaris, Fabio Facchetti, Alessandro Plebani, Raffaele Badolato
Journal: Blood (2010)
SNAP-25 is a promising novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for synapse degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ann Brinkmalm, Gunnar Brinkmalm, William G Honer, Lutz Frölich, Lucrezia Hausner, Lennart Minthon, Oskar Hansson, Anders Wallin, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Annika Öhrfelt
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2014)

Synaptic degeneration is an early pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease, associated with cognitive impairment and disease progression. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers reflecting synaptic integrity would be highly valuable tools to monitor synaptic degeneration directly in patients. We previously showed that synaptic proteins such as synaptotagmin and synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) could be detected in pooled samples of cerebrospinal fluid, however these assays were not sensitive enough for individual samples. We report a new strategy to study synaptic pathology by using affinity purification and mass spectrometry to measure the levels of the presynaptic protein SNAP-25 in cerebrospinal fluid. By applying this novel affinity mass spectrometry strategy on three separate cohorts of patients, the value of SNAP-25 as a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for synaptic integrity in Alzheimer's disease was assessed for the first time. We found significantly higher levels of cerebrospinal fluid SNAP-25 fragments in Alzheimer's disease, even in the very early stages, in three separate cohorts. Cerebrospinal fluid SNAP-25 differentiated Alzheimer's disease from controls with area under the curve of 0.901 (P < 0.0001). We developed a sensitive method to analyze SNAP-25 levels in individual CSF samples that to our knowledge was not possible previously. Our results support the notion that synaptic biomarkers may be important tools for early diagnosis, assessment of disease progression, and to monitor drug effects in treatment trials.
The Intersection Between Aging and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Brian J. North, David A. Sinclair
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

The average lifespan of humans is increasing, and with it the percentage of people entering the 65 and older age group is growing rapidly and will continue to do so in the next 20 years. Within this age group, cardiovascular disease will remain the leading cause of death, and the cost associated with treatment will continue to increase. Aging is an inevitable part of life and unfortunately poses the largest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although numerous studies in the cardiovascular field have considered both young and aged humans, there are still many unanswered questions as to how the genetic pathways that regulate aging in model organisms influence cardiovascular aging. Likewise, in the molecular biology of aging field, few studies fully assess the role of these aging pathways in cardiovascular health. Fortunately, this gap is beginning to close, and these two fields are merging together. We provide an overview of some of the key genes involved in regulating lifespan and health span, including sirtuins, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 and their roles regulating cardiovascular health. We then discuss a series of review articles that will appear in succession and provide a more comprehensive analysis of studies carried out linking genes of aging and cardiovascular health, and perspectives of future directions of these two intimately linked fields.
Estrogen—the Good, the Bad, and the Unexpected
Authors: E. R. Simpson, M. Misso, K. N. Hewitt, R. A. Hill, W. C. Boon, M. E. Jones, A. Kovacic, J. Zhou, C. D. Clyne
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2005)

I. IntroductionII. The Concept of Local Estrogen BiosynthesisIII. Aromatase and Its GeneIV. The ArKO MouseV. The ArKO Mouse and the Metabolic SyndromeVI. The Metabolic Syndrome in Humans with Natural Mu-tations in AromataseVII. Summary of the Metabolic Effects of EstrogensVIII. Local Aromatase Expression in the Breast and BreastCancerIX. Role of LRH-1 in Aromatase Expression in the Breast
Acupuncture for gastrointestinal disorders: myth or magic
Authors: J J Y Sung
Journal: Gut (2002)

For thousands of years, Chinese medicine and conventional Western medicine appeared to be two unrelated and uncompromising paradigms. The history of acupuncture can be traced back for more than 2500 years but today we can use advanced technology to understand ancient healing methods. Acupuncture should not be used to compete with efficacious treatment modalities that are already available in conventional Western medicine. Exploration of its clinical applications should focus on conditions for which conventional medicine can find no satisfactory remedy.
2006 Update of Recommendations for the Use of White Blood Cell Growth Factors: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Thomas J. Smith, James Khatcheressian, Gary H. Lyman, Howard Ozer, James O. Armitage, Lodovico Balducci, Charles L. Bennett, Scott B. Cantor, Jeffrey Crawford, Scott J. Cross, George Demetri, Christopher E. Desch, Philip A. Pizzo, Charles A. Schiffer, Lee Schwartzberg, Mark R. Somerfield, George Somlo, James C. Wade, James L. Wade, Rodger J. Winn, Antoinette J. Wozniak, Antonio C. Wolff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

To update the 2000 American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on the use of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSF).The Update Committee completed a review and analysis of pertinent data published from 1999 through September 2005. Guided by the 1996 ASCO clinical outcomes criteria, the Update Committee formulated recommendations based on improvements in survival, quality of life, toxicity reduction and cost-effectiveness.The 2005 Update Committee agreed unanimously that reduction in febrile neutropenia (FN) is an important clinical outcome that justifies the use of CSFs, regardless of impact on other factors, when the risk of FN is approximately 20% and no other equally effective regimen that does not require CSFs is available. Primary prophylaxis is recommended for the prevention of FN in patients who are at high risk based on age, medical history, disease characteristics, and myelotoxicity of the chemotherapy regimen. CSF use allows a modest to moderate increase in dose-density and/or dose-intensity of chemotherapy regimens. Dose-dense regimens should only be used within an appropriately designed clinical trial or if supported by convincing efficacy data. Prophylactic CSF for patients with diffuse aggressive lymphoma aged 65 years and older treated with curative chemotherapy (CHOP or more aggressive regimens) should be given to reduce the incidence of FN and infections. Current recommendations for the management of patients exposed to lethal doses of total body radiotherapy, but not doses high enough to lead to certain death due to injury to other organs, includes the prompt administration of CSF or pegylated G-CSF.
Expression profiling of Drosophilaimaginal discs
Authors: Ansgar Klebes, Brian Biehs, Francisco Cifuentes, Thomas B Kornberg
Journal: Genome biology (2002)

In the Drosophila larva, imaginal discs are programmed to produce adult structures at metamorphosis. Although their fate is precisely determined, these organs remain largely undifferentiated in the larva. To identify genes that establish and express the different states of determination in discs and larval tissues, we used DNA microarrays to analyze mRNAs isolated from single imaginal discs. Linear amplification protocols were used to generate hybridization probes for microarray analysis from poly(A)+ RNA from single imaginal discs containing between 10,000 and 60,000 cells. Probe reproducibility and degree of representation were tested using microarrays with approximately 6,000 different cDNAs. Hybridizations with probes that had been prepared separately from the same starting RNA pool had a correlation coefficient of 0.97. Expression-profile comparisons of the left and right wing imaginal discs from the same larva correlated with a coefficient of 0.99, indicating a high degree of reproducibility of independent amplifications. Using this method, we identified genes with preferential expression in the different imaginal discs using pairwise comparisons of discs and larval organs. Whereas disc-to-disc comparisons revealed only moderate differences, profiles differed substantially between imaginal discs and larval tissues, such as larval endodermal midgut and mesodermal fat body. The combination of linear RNA amplification and DNA microarray hybridization allowed us to determine the expression profiles of individual imaginal discs and larval tissues and to identify genes expressed in tissue-specific patterns. These methods should be widely applicable to comparisons of expression profiles for tissues or parts of tissues that are available only in small amounts.
THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF AMEBIASIS
Authors: HAMILTON H. ANDERSON, EDER L. HANSEN
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1950)

Drug-refractory, chronic, recurrent amebiasis is a problem of clinical importance in the Western Hemisphere. The usefulness of the currently available drugs has been indicated and their pharmacological characteristics compared with those of more recently developed agents. The requirements for laboratory evaluation of new agents have been indicated with particular reference to the need for distinguishing indirect action of antibacterial chemicals in vitro and to the use of the naturally infected macaque as the most suitable laboratory animal in which the pathologic condition compares favorably with that of chronic infection in man. As an example, development of the thioarsenites as chemotherapeutic agents in amebiasis is presented, and an evaluation is made of the place of representative antibiotics in the therapeutic regimen of amebiasis.
Pathogenic polyglutamine expansion length correlates with polarity of the flanking sequences
Authors: Meewhi Kim
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2014)

Polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion within coding sequence of a soluble protein is responsible for eight autosomal-dominant genetic neurodegenerative disorders. These disorders affect cerebellum, striatum, basal ganglia and other brain regions. The pathogenic polyQ-expansion threshold in these proteins varies from 32Q to 54Q. Understanding the reasons for variability in pathogenic polyQ threshold may provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms responsible for development of these disorders. Here we established a quantitative correlation between the polarity of the flanking sequences and pathogenic polyQ-expansion threshold in this protein family. We introduced an "edge polarity index" (EPI) to quantify polarity effects of the flanking regions and established a strong correlation between EPI index and critical polyQ expansion length in this protein family. Based on this analysis we subdivided polyQ-expanded proteins into 2 groups – with strong and weak dependence of polyQ threshold on EPI index. The main difference between members of the first and the second group is a polarity profile of these proteins outside of polyQ and flanking regions. PolyQ proteins are known substrates for proteasome and most likely mechanistic explanation for the observed correlation is that proteasome may have an impaired ability to process continuous non-polar regions of proteins. The proposed hypothesis provides a quantitative explanation for variability in pathogenic threshold among polyQ-expansion disorders, which we established to correlate with polarity of flanking regions. To explain these results we propose that proteasome is not efficient in processing continuous non-polar regions of proteins, resulting in release of undigested and partially digested fragments. If supported experimentally, our hypothesis may have wide implications for further understanding the pathogensis of polyglutamine expansion disorders.
Activation of early response genes and cell proliferation by human interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-5 receptors: Comparison with human interleukin-4 receptor signaling
Authors: Jing Xian Chen, Sumiko Watanabe, Akihiko Muto, Atsushi Miyajima, Takashi Yokota, Ken-ichi Arai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1994)
Inhaled Antibiotics for Refractory Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Non–Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis and the Significance of <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> subsp. <i>abscessus</i> Isolation during <i>M. avium</i> Complex Lung Disease Therapy
Authors: Vikramjit Mukherjee, William S. Bender, John P. Egan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
A possible role for Langerhans cells in the removal of melanin from early catagen hair follicles
Authors: None Tobin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Hair pigmentation is coupled to the hair follicle growth cycle. A common feature of catagen is the translocation of melanin from the matrix to the dermal papilla of the hair follicle. However, the mechanism whereby this pigment, not incorporated into the hair shaft, is removed from the hair bulb during early catagen is poorly understood. Routine ultrastructural examination of four normal scalp specimens revealed a rare hair follicle in early catagen. Close study of the hair bulb of this catagen follicle revealed a Langerhans cell in the process of transferring pigment from the matrix to the dermal papilla. This cell also contained numerous characteristic Langerhans granules (LG) (also known as Birbeck granules). Interestingly, these granules were intimately associated with melanosomes: so intimate, in fact, that melanosomes appeared to have been endocytosed by LG. This unique demonstration of removal of hair follicle melanin by Langerhans cells during early catagen and of pigment uptake by Langerhans cells by endocytosis into LG, suggests one way by which 'unused' pigment can be removed from the hair follicle during catagen.
Centrally acting agents and visceral sensitivity
Authors: J Fioramonti, L Bueno
Journal: Gut (2002)

The evidence relating to the site and mechanism of action of "centrally acting" agents which may affect visceral sensitivity is reviewed. Antidepressant drugs such as amitriptyline as well as the newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are thought to act at the level of the CNS. Opiates, including morphine as well as compounds such as trimebutine or fedotozine designed for therapeutic use in irritable bowel syndrome, are effective in reducing visceral nociception. Cytokines in the CNS are known to be involved in the modulation of pain and there is also evidence to suggest that centrally acting cytokines may play a role in the production of visceral hypersensitivity. Consequently, they may provide an interesting target for future research.
Schizophrenia-like psychosis after treatment with beta-blockers.
Authors: M K Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Metabolic ward studies have demonstrated that weight-maintaining diets of unrefined cereals and starch-containing vegetables (75% energy) produced within 14 days remission of mature-onset diabetes in 85 % of patients; they discontinued antidiabetic drug therapy.3After discharge patients were advised to continue a maintenance diet of unrefined cereals and starch vegetables (60% energy) and dietary fibre (neutral detergent fibre 50 g/d).All nine patients who elected not to continue this maintenance diet relapsed quickly; on the other hand, 15 patients who took the main- tenance diet have been observed for 6-48 months without relapse (Anderson, personal communication, 1979).