tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New technique for treating occlusive and stenosing tumours of the trachea and main bronchi: endobronchial irradiation by high dose iridium-192 combined with laser canalisation.
Authors: H N Macha, K Koch, M Stadler, W Schumacher, D Krumhaar
Journal: Thorax (1987)

A new technique is described for treating patients with inoperable malignant tumours causing occlusion or stenosis of the trachea or main bronchi. High dose iridium-192 (20 Ci) was introduced by an afterloading device under computer control via a 4 mm delivery tube into the tumour mass. In 29 of the 56 patients the tumour mass was canalised by a neodymium-YAG laser immediately before the afterloading delivery tube was introduced. In 44 (79%) of the patients, there was impressive relief of dyspnoea, accompanied by tumour regression observed at endoscopy and also by highly significant improvement in ventilatory function values, lung perfusion scans, and levels of arterial oxygen tension. In the other 12 patients (21%) there was no detectable improvement. The findings suggest that this recently developed combination treatment is of value in patients with advanced tumours of the trachea and main bronchi in whom there is no possibility of further treatment by external irradiation or repeated laser coagulation.
Probability of HIV-1 transmission per coital act in monogamous, heterosexual, HIV-1-discordant couples in Rakai, Uganda
Authors: Ronald H Gray, Maria J Wawer, Ron Brookmeyer, Nelson K Sewankambo, David Serwadda, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Tom Lutalo, Xianbin Li, Thomas vanCott, Thomas C Quinn
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Unraveling the Time Domains of Corticosteroid Hormone Influences on Brain Activity: Rapid, Slow, and Chronic Modes
Authors: Marian Joëls, R. Angela Sarabdjitsingh, Henk Karst
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2012)

Brain cells are continuously exposed to corticosteroid hormones, although the levels vary (e.g., after stress). Corticosteroids alter neural activity via two receptor types, mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR). These receptors regulate gene transcription but also, as we now know, act nongenomically. Via nongenomic pathways, MRs enhance and GRs suppress neural activity. In the hypothalamus, inhibitory GR effects contribute to negative feedback regulation of the stress axis. Nongenomic MR actions are also important extrahypothalamically and help organisms to immediately select an appropriate response strategy. Via genomic mechanisms, corticosteroid actions in the basolateral amygdala and ventral-most part of the cornu ammonis 1 hippocampal area are generally excitatory, providing an extended window for encoding of emotional aspects of a stressful event. GRs in hippocampal and prefrontal pyramidal cells increase surface expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors and strengthen glutamatergic signaling through pathways partly overlapping with those involved in long-term potentiation. This raises the threshold for subsequent induction of synaptic potentiation and promotes long-term depression. Synapses activated during stress are thus presumably strengthened but protected against excitatory inputs reaching the cells later. This restores higher cognitive control and promotes, for example, consolidation of stress-related contextual information. When an organism experiences stress early in life or repeatedly in adulthood, the ability to induce synaptic potentiation is strongly reduced and the likelihood to induce depression enhanced, even under rest. Treatment with antiglucocorticoids can ameliorate cellular effects after chronic stress and thus provide an interesting lead for treatment of stress-related disorders.
Genetics as a Health-Care Service
Authors: F.C. Fraser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Twenty-Five years ago the medical application of genetics consisted almost entirely of genetic counseling. It served a relatively small group of families in which a disease of known Mendelian inheritance was segregating, and usually consisted of taking a family history, estimating the risk of recurrence of the disease in particular family members, present or future, and conducting a more or less desultory discussion of the implications thereof. The extraordinary growth of knowledge and technics since then has changed the picture so radically that genetic counseling has become one of several services available in a medical-genetics center and medical genetics has . . .
Neurotensin and Dopamine Interactions
Authors: Elisabeth B. Binder, Becky Kinkead, Michael J. Owens, Charles B. Nemeroff
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2001)

Interactions between the classical monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) and the peptide neurotransmitter neurotensin (NT) in the central nervous system (CNS) have now been investigated for over two decades. Interest in this topic has been sustained, primarily because of the potential clinical relevance of these interactions to schizophrenia and drug abuse. In the past five years, important new discoveries in the NT field have markedly expanded our previous database. Additional NT receptors have been cloned, and novel and refined techniques have contributed to a more detailed description of the anatomy of the CNS NT system. Additionally, lipophilic NT receptor antagonists, active in the CNS after peripheral administration, have rendered more facile the investigation of the physiologic importance of endogenous NT at electrophysiologic, neurochemical, and behavioral levels. In the present review, the discussion of NT/DA interactions will progress from a discussion of the anatomical interactions between these two systems, to electrophysiologic and neurochemical interactions, and finally to behavioral implications-always with focus toward the potential clinical relevance of the data. The discussion of interactions between NT and DA systems will be limited to those occurring within the CNS. Moreover, because the DA projections from the midbrain to the striatum account for the bulk of the DA innervation in the CNS, we will focus on NT/DA interactions within these brain regions. Last, because of the extensive literature on NT/DA interactions available in the rat, our discussion will be based primarily on studies using this species.
Imported lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in Greece
Authors: G. Xirotagaros, M. Drogari-Apiranthitou, I.G. Panayiotides, Z. Tsakiraki, C. Tsamakis, S. Theotokoglou, P. Tofas, A.D. van Diepeningen, G.S. de Hoog, G. Petrikkos, D. Rigopoulos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Imported lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in Greece Get access G. Xirotagaros, G. Xirotagaros 2nd Department of Dermatology Venereology‘Attikon’ Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Drogari‐Apiranthitou, M. Drogari‐Apiranthitou 4th Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory ‘Attikon’ Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.G. Panayiotides, I.G. Panayiotides 2nd Department of Pathology University of Athens Medical School “Attikon” University Hospital Athens Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Z. Tsakiraki, Z. Tsakiraki 2nd Department of Pathology University of Athens Medical School “Attikon” University Hospital Athens Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Tsamakis, C. Tsamakis 2nd Department of Dermatology Venereology‘Attikon’ Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Theotokoglou, S. Theotokoglou 2nd Department of Dermatology Venereology‘Attikon’ Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Tofas, P. Tofas 4th Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory ‘Attikon’ Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.D. van Diepeningen, A.D. van Diepeningen CBS‐Knaw Fungal Biodiversity Centre Utrecht The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.S. de Hoog, G.S. de Hoog CBS‐Knaw Fungal Biodiversity Centre Utrecht The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Petrikkos, G. Petrikkos 4th Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory ‘Attikon’ Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more D. Rigopoulos D. Rigopoulos 2nd Department of Dermatology Venereology‘Attikon’ Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 1, 1 July 2015, Pages 291–293, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13558 Published: 01 July 2015
Association Between Urinary Albumin Excretion and Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Concentrations in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Michiaki Fukui, Hiroyuki Ose, Ichiko Nakayama, Hiroko Hosoda, Mai Asano, Mayuko Kadono, Shin-ichi Mogami, Goji Hasegawa, Toshikazu Yoshikawa, Naoto Nakamura
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Both elevated urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and low serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) have been linked with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in men (1–5). We have recently demonstrated that serum DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations correlated inversely with degree of UAE in men with type 2 diabetes (6). However, findings supporting a protective role of DHEA for CVD have been inconsistent in women (7–9). Furthermore, to our knowledge, the relationship between serum DHEA-S concentrations and degree of UAE, a marker of CVD, has never been explored in women with type 2 diabetes. We therefore investigated the relationship between serum DHEA-S concentrations and degree of UAE, as well as pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, in women with type 2 diabetes.

Relationships of UAE to serum DHEA-S concentrations and to major cardiovascular risk factors were investigated in 254 consecutive women with type 2 diabetes who were recruited from the outpatient clinic at the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. Most patients were postmenopausal women ( n = 244), and no patients received hormone replacement therapy. Mean values for BMI, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters obtained during the preceding year were used for statistical analysis. Patients enrolled in this study were almost stable for control of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, …
Radical Nephrectomy with and without Lymph-Node Dissection: Final Results of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Randomized Phase 3 Trial 30881
Authors: Jan H.M. Blom, Hein van Poppel, Jean M. Maréchal, Didier Jacqmin, Fritz H. Schröder, Linda de Prijck, Richard Sylvester
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Impeding Macrophage Entry into Hypoxic Tumor Areas by Sema3A/Nrp1 Signaling Blockade Inhibits Angiogenesis and Restores Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Andrea Casazza, Damya Laoui, Mathias Wenes, Sabrina Rizzolio, Nicklas Bassani, Marco Mambretti, Sofie Deschoemaeker, Jo A. Van Ginderachter, Luca Tamagnone, Massimiliano Mazzone
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Programming early food sensitization of a child developing in conditions of chronic placental insufficiency
Authors: Inna Evsyukova, Olga Il'chukova, Ludmila Zubzhickaya
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective: To study the incidence of food sensitization in the first year of life in full-term infants, whose intrauterine development occurred in the placental insufficiency.  Material and methods: The main group - 20 mothers with preeclampsia. Control – 64 infants from mothers whose pregnancies without complications. The mothers’ state of health, clinical state of newborn infants and the rate of food allergy in infants on the first year of life were estimated. Histological study of placenta, immunohistochemical CD83, CD31, immunomorphological definition of C3b, IgA, IgM, IgG, IL-4, IL-6 in placenta was carried out.  Results: The rate of food allergy in the main group made up 75%, in the control one – 34.4% (p  Conclusion: In conditions of chronic placental insufficiency immune system of the fetus undergoes antigenic aggression. Presentation of an antigen to the fetus by means of migration of CD83 molecules through vascular endothelium of the villous chorion promotes predominant differentiation of naive T-lymphocytes into the cells with Th2 phenotype, namely, “programming” of allergic phenotype of the infant.
Erythropoietin and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Treatment Associated With Improved Survival in Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Martin Jädersten, Luca Malcovati, Ingunn Dybedal, Matteo Giovanni Della Porta, Rosangela Invernizzi, Scott M. Montgomery, Cristiana Pascutto, Anna Porwit, Mario Cazzola, Eva Hellström-Lindberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To assess the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment on survival and leukemic transformation in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).We compared the long-term outcome of patients with MDS treated with EPO plus G-CSF (n = 121) with untreated patients (n = 237) with MDS using multivariate Cox regression with delayed entry, for the first time adjusting for all major prognostic variables (WHO classification, karyotype, cytopenias, level of transfusion-need, age, and sex).The erythroid response rate to EPO plus G-CSF was 39%, and the median response duration 23 months (range, 3 to 116+). In the multivariate analysis, treatment was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.83; P = .002). Interestingly, this positive association was primarily observed in patients requiring fewer than 2 units of RBCs per month. Treatment was not linked to the rate of acute myeloid leukemia in any defined subgroup, including patients with an increase of marrow blasts or an unfavorable karyotype.The inherent risk of leukemic evolution in MDS makes the current investigation highly relevant, in light of the recent reports of potential negative effects of EPO treatment on outcome in patients with cancer. We conclude that treatment of anemia in MDS with EPO plus G-CSF may have a positive impact on outcome in patients with no or low transfusion need, while not affecting the risk of leukemic transformation.
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, a Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor, Inhibits EBV-Induced B Lymphocyte Transformation via Suppression of RelA Acetylation
Authors: Kyung-Chul Choi, Myung Gu Jung, Yoo-Hyun Lee, Joo Chun Yoon, Seung Hyun Kwon, Hee-Bum Kang, Mi-Jeong Kim, Jeong-Heon Cha, Young Jun Kim, Woo Jin Jun, Jae Myun Lee, Ho-Geun Yoon
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Because the p300/CBP-mediated hyperacetylation of RelA (p65) is critical for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, the attenuation of p65 acetylation is a potential molecular target for the prevention of chronic inflammation. During our ongoing screening study to identify natural compounds with histone acetyltransferase inhibitor (HATi) activity, we identified epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a novel HATi with global specificity for the majority of HAT enzymes but with no activity toward epigenetic enzymes including HDAC, SIRT1, and HMTase. At a dose of 100 μmol/L, EGCG abrogates p300-induced p65 acetylation in vitro and in vivo, increases the level of cytosolic IκBα, and suppresses tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–induced NF-κB activation. We also showed that EGCG prevents TNFα-induced p65 translocation to the nucleus, confirming that hyperacetylation is critical for NF-κB translocation as well as activity. Furthermore, EGCG treatment inhibited the acetylation of p65 and the expression of NF-κB target genes in response to diverse stimuli. Finally, EGCG reduced the binding of p300 to the promoter region of interleukin-6 gene with an increased recruitment of HDAC3, which highlights the importance of the balance between HATs and histone deacetylases in the NF-κB–mediated inflammatory signaling pathway. Importantly, EGCG at 50 μmol/L dose completely blocks EBV infection-induced cytokine expression and subsequently the EBV-induced B lymphocyte transformation. These results show the crucial role of acetylation in the development of inflammatory-related diseases. [Cancer Res 2009;69(2):583–92]
THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF COPPER AGAINST TRYPANOSOMA EQUIPERDUM INFECTION IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: David Perla
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

The effect was studied of additions of copper to an adequate diet on the course of infection with Trypanosoma equiperdum in rats. Copper in amounts equivalent to 0.2 mg. of elemental copper per rat per day during a period of 10 days prior to an induced infection with small numbers of trypanosomes raised the natural resistance of the rat to the infection. The infection was aborted in all instances when the rats were infected by the injection of 2,000 trypanosomes and in 75 per cent of instances when the rats were infected by the injection of 10,000 trypanosomes.
Neoadjuvant Treatment of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer With Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Both in Combination: The Immediate Preoperative Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Combined With Tamoxifen (IMPACT) Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Trial
Authors: Ian E. Smith, Mitch Dowsett, Stephen R. Ebbs, J. Michael Dixon, Anthony Skene, J.-U. Blohmer, Susan E. Ashley, Stephen Francis, Irene Boeddinghaus, Geraldine Walsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose The Immediate Preoperative Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Combined With Tamoxifen (IMPACT) trial was designed to test the hypothesis that the clinical and/or biologic effects of neoadjuvant tamoxifen compared with anastrozole and with the combination of tamoxifen and anastrozole before surgery in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER) –positive, invasive, nonmetastatic breast cancer might predict for outcome in the Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination (ATAC) adjuvant therapy trial. Patients and Methods Postmenopausal women with ER-positive, invasive, nonmetastatic, and operable or locally advanced potentially operable breast cancer were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant tamoxifen (20 mg daily), anastrozole (1 mg daily), or a combination of tamoxifen and anastrozole for 3 months. The tumor objective response (OR) was assessed by both caliper and ultrasound. Comparisons were also made of clinical response with ultrasound response, actual and feasible surgery with feasible surgery at baseline, OR in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive cancers, and tolerability. Results There were no significant differences in OR in the intent-to-treat population between patients receiving tamoxifen, anastrozole, or the combination. In patients who were assessed as requiring mastectomy at baseline (n = 124), 44% of patients received breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after anastrozole compared with 31% of patients after tamoxifen (P = .23); this difference became significant for patients who were deemed feasible for BCS by their surgeon (46% v 22%, respectively; P = .03). The OR for patients with HER2-positive cancer (n = 34) was 58% for anastrozole compared with 22% for tamoxifen (P = .18). All treatments were well tolerated. Conclusion Neoadjuvant anastrozole is as effective and well tolerated as tamoxifen in ER-positive operable breast cancer in postmenopausal women, but the hypothesis that clinical outcome might predict for long-term outcome in adjuvant therapy was not fulfilled.
Delivered dose of colistimethate sodium via 3 nebulizers; a comparison of bioassay and HPLC assay results
Authors: Adam Metcalf, Sarah Byrne, Danielle Jeffrey, Ross Hatley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

In vitro  assessment of the dose of inhaled colistimethate sodium (CMS) delivered via a nebulizer has traditionally relied on bioassay (BA). An alternative method is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).  A custom HPLC assay for CMS has been developed; this is a reversed-phase gradient assay using a 100 x 4.6 mm, 2.6 µm solid core C18 column with UV detection. The HPLC assay was compared with BA using different nebulizers and breathing patterns. Here, results from 3 nebulizers (I-neb AAD System (I-neb), LC Sprint (LCS), LC Plus (LCP)) under 4 breathing patterns are presented. Nebulizers (n=3) were tested using a method described by Byrne et al.  (1)  Eluate from each filter was analyzed using both BA and HPLC assay.  The 2 measurement techniques were compared using a Bland-Altman plot. HPLC assay and BA results were consistent; the majority of results fell within 10% of each other (mean difference, 2.8%; limits of agreement, 14.6% to -8.9%). Advantages of the custom HPLC assay include simplicity and speed, whilst yielding results in close agreement with the standard BA.  1) Byrne S, et al. ISAM 2013 abstracts. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv.
Sequential Versus Single High-Dose Chemotherapy in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Germ Cell Tumors: Long-Term Results of a Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Anja Lorch, Antje Kleinhans, Andrew Kramar, Christian K. Kollmannsberger, Jörg T. Hartmann, Carsten Bokemeyer, Oliver Rick, Jörg Beyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

To evaluate the long-term survival rates in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell tumors (GCTs) after single or sequential high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT).Between November 1999 and November 2004, 211 patients with relapsed or refractory GCT were randomly assigned to treatment with either one cycle of cisplatin 100 mg/m(2), etoposide 375 mg/m(2), and ifosfamide 6 g/m(2) (VIP) plus three cycles of high-dose carboplatin 1,500 mg/m(2) and etoposide 1,500 mg/m(2) (CE, arm A) or three cycles of VIP plus one cycle of high-dose carboplatin 2,200 mg/m(2), etoposide 1,800 mg/m(2), and cyclophosphamide 6,400 mg/m(2) (CEC, arm B) followed by autologous stem-cell reinfusion. Long-term progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) 6 years after random assignment of the last patient were compared by using the log-rank test.Overall, 108 and 103 patients were randomly assigned to arms A and B, respectivelyl. The study was stopped prematurely because of excess treatment-related mortality in arm B (14%) compared with that in arm A (4%; P = .01). As of December 2010, nine (5%) of 211 patients were lost to follow-up; 94 (45%) of 211 are alive and 88 (94%) of 94 patients are progression free. Five-year PFS is 47% (95% CI, 37% to 56%) in arm A and 45% (95% CI, 35% to 55%) in arm B (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.70; P = .454). Five-year OS is 49% (95% CI, 40% to 59%) in arm A and 39% (95% CI, 30% to 49%) in arm B (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.99 to 2.05; P = .057).Patients with relapsed or refractory GCT achieve durable long-term survival after single as well as sequential HDCT. Fewer early deaths related to toxicity translated into superior long-term OS after sequential HDCT.
Dendritic cell maturation in HCV infection: Altered regulation of MHC class I antigen processing-presenting machinery
Authors: Patrizia Leone, Mariangela Di Tacchio, Simona Berardi, Teresa Santantonio, Massimo Fasano, Soldano Ferrone, Angelo Vacca, Franco Dammacco, Vito Racanelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)