tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urocanic Acid in Benign and Malignant Human Epidermal Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Howard P. Baden, Brant Mittler, Sylvester Sviokla, Madhu A. Pathak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

The presence of high histidine deaminase activity and the absence of urocanase resulted in the accumulation of urocanic acid in the epidermis. Benign epidermal tumors such as seborrheic keratoses and warts contained normal amounts of urocanic acid, whereas basal and squamous cell carcinomas had none or only trace quantities. This abnormality in malignant lesions is associated with normal amounts of histidine but an absence of histidase or urocanase. A Chromatographic method has been proposed for the rapid screening of epidermal tumors.
Histologically Diagnosed Cancers in 693 Indians of the United States, 1950–65
Authors: Lucia J. Dunham, John C. Bailar, Gert L. Laqueur
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Frequency ratios of 694 histologically diagnosed cancers in 693 U.S. Indians were tabulated by the primary site for each sex. An age-correction factor was applied to validate comparison of data from the Indians with those from U.S. whites. The data showed that cancer of the gallbladder and biliary tract was much more frequent in Indians than in whites. Cancer of uterine cervix and tumors in salivary glands (including mixed tumor) were also more frequent in the Indians; cancers of stomach, intestine and rectum, prostate gland, and kidney were in the same general range of frequency in both groups. In comparison, cancers of lung and bronchus, breast, and urinary bladder were comparatively infrequent in Indians. The pattern of cancer distribution in children and youths resembled that in whites. The distribution of the histologic types was not unusual in the Indians, except that 5 of the 8 cancers in urinary bladder were of squamous cell type, and only 3 were of transitional cell type; basal cell cancer of skin was about 4 times as frequent as squamous cell cancer of skin.
Phase I study of weekly oxaliplatin (OXA) + 5-fluorouracil continuous infusion (FU CI) in patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC)
Authors: L. M. Pasetto, S. Lonardi, L. Sartor, A. A. Brandes, V. Chiarion Sileni, C. Caroti, M. D'Amico, L. Gallo, S. Monfardini, C. Aschele
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3770 Background: A combination of OXA and FU is frequently used as 1st or 2nd line therapy for advanced CRC. Anyway, the optimal schedule for this drugs has not been defined. Methods: To identify the MTD of weekly OXA (60–70-80–90 mg/m2 d1,8,15) in combination with a fixed dose of FU CI (200mg/m2/die d1–21), at least 3 pts were treated at each dose level. Once identified the OXA recommended dose level (RDL), Leucovorin (LV; 20 mg/m2 d1,8,15) was added to the combination. Results: Since April 2000, 39 pts with progressive advanced CRC previously treated with fluoropyrimidines and Irinotecan (IRI) were accrued (males/females: 29/10; median age 67; ECOG PS 0/1/2: 10/24/5). Considering the first 2 cycles of treatment (2 months) no grade III-IV toxicity was observed up to 90 mg/m2/week of OXA (dose level 4). 3/6 pts treated at dose level 4 required a major change in the treatment program due to a dose limiting toxicity (DLT; asthenia, weight loss and unbearable peripheral sensory neuropathy) and OXA 90 mg/m2 + FU 200 mg/m2/die was thus deemed to be the MTD. When LV was added to the RDL (OXA 80 mg/m2 + FU 200 mg/m2/die), 3/5 pts experienced a DLT (gr 3 and gr 4 diarrhoea, neurotoxicity with functional impairment). This was thus defined as the MTD of OXA when combined with FU CI + LV, while OXA 70 mg/m2 + FU 200 mg/m2/die and LV 20 mg/m2 was find as the RDL for this combination (DLT: 0/3 pts) and 11 additional pts was accrued to investigate the tolerance on a larger cohort. Overall, 148 cycles (median number/pts: 3, range 1–9) were delivered corresponding to 438 weeks of chemotherapy (median number/pts: 9, range 2–27). 27/438 (6.2%) weeks of chemotherapy were delayed because of toxicity while 42/438 (9.6%) were delivered at a reduced dose and 6 (1.4%) were omitted. Among 34 pts with measurable disease completing at least one cycle 9 PR, 7 MR, 13 SD and 5 P were obtained. Conclusions: The combination of weekly OXA and FU CI ± LV is feasible and well tolerated. This schedule provided the backbone for a preoperative chemo-radiation regimen that has been developed for locally advanced rectal cancer and for an alternating regimen with weekly IRI and FU CI in pts with metastatic CRC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Drug-induced regeneration in adult mice
Authors: Yong Zhang, Iossif Strehin, Khamilia Bedelbaeva, Dmitri Gourevitch, Lise Clark, John Leferovich, Phillip B. Messersmith, Ellen Heber-Katz
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

The capacity for regeneration can be elicited in adult mice by drug-induced stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein.
Antitumor Effects of a Normal Human Serum Factor (Normal Human Globulin Fraction 1) on Human Tumor Cells In Vitro
Authors: H J Wanebo, S Green, D Marshall, R C Pace
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Normal human globulin fraction 1 (NHG-1) produced cytotoxicity and/or cytostasis as well as inhibition of protein synthesis in 8 well-characterized human tumor cell lines (4 breast cancer, 1 colon cancer, 1 melanoma, and 2 leukemia) and in 2 variants of murine B-16 melanoma. NHG-1 was not cytotoxic for the Chang liver cell line, a normal kidney embryo line, or for normal lymphocytes or macrophages when used in lower concentrations but was growth inhibitory for normal cells in higher concentrations. Although lymphocyte blastogenesis with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was inhibited by high concentrations of NHG-1, augmentation of the lymphocyte PHA response was seen at lower concentrations, suggesting a lymphokine-like effect. Preincubation with the mitogen partially nullified these NHG-1 effects (suggesting the need for cell surface binding). Although NHG-1 antitumor activity was confirmed in selected human and murine tumor cell lines, the mechanism of its activity is unknown. Occurrence of NHG-1 in the alpha 2-globulin region (an area rich in immune-regulating factors) suggests that NHG-1 may have general "cytokine"-like effects and may be capable of regulating replication of both normal and transformed cells.
Cyclin D1 and p57 expression in advanced ovarian epithelial carcinoma: A GOG study.
Authors: E. Hill, W. Brady, M. J. Birrer, K. M. Darcy, W. P. McGuire, W. J. Hoskins, D. P. Warshal, R. D. Drake, P. Hanjani, J. Hurteau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

5086 Background:The aim of this study was to investigate expression of cyclin D1 and p57 in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer and their association with progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), clinical response and evidence of disease at second look laparotomy (SLL). Methods:Of 410 women in GOG-0111(a randomized study of cyclophosphamide/cisplatin vs. paclitaxel/cisplatin in stage III and IV ovarian cancer) 139 had available formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor blocks. Ninety-eight underwent immunocytochemical staining for cyclin D1 and 121 for p57. Cyclin D1 and p57 expression were dichotomized at their medians by percent of positive tumor cells. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare patient characteristics. PFS and OS for each were compared using Cox proportional hazards models (unadjusted and adjusted for age and stratified by stage, grade, treatment, measurable disease, and histologic cell-type). Response to therapy and proportion with positive SLL were also compared. Results: Of 98 samples stained for cyclin D and 121 samples stained for p57, the median percent positive tumor cell expression was 4.47% for cyclin D (range 0.3-63.2%) and 72.6% for p57 (range 0.6-87.7%). Neither cyclin D1 nor p57 expression were significantly associated with patient characteristics including age, race, performance status, treatment arm, grade, histology, stage or amount of residual disease. In addition, neither was associated with other molecular markers including c-myc, p53, cyclin E, HER2, or p27. In unadjusted and adjusted models for PFS, there was no significant association with percentage of tumor cells positive for cyclin D1 (adjusted HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.73-2.00) or p57 (adjusted HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.54-1.34). OS was similarly not associated with cyclin D1 (adjusted HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.67-1.87) or p57 (adjusted HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.47-1.21) expression. There was also no association of either protein with clinical response (P=0.146 and P=0.433) or positive SLL (P=0.805 and P=0.476). Conclusions: We found no significant association of cyclin D1 or p57 expression with PFS, OS, clinical response or positive SLL. This suggests that cyclin D1 and p57 are not useful prognostic markers in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
Abstract 12336: Cangrelor Decreases Ischemia Driven Revascularization in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Evidence From a Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Ramez Nairooz, Partha Sardar, Suarav Chatterjee, savi Mushiyev, Gerald Pekler, Ferdinand Visco
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Cangrelor decreases ischemia driver revascularization in Patients Undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized trials   Introduction:  Cangrelor is a new parenteral adenosine diphosphate P2Y12 receptor inhibitor with rapid, profound and reversible inhibition of platelet activity. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate efficacy and safety of this new agent in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).   Methods:  We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL databases from the inception through April 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing cangrelor with control (clopidogrel/placebo) were selected. We used the random-effects models to calculate the risk ratio. Primary efficacy outcome was ischemia-driven revascularization, and primary safety outcome was TIMI major (Thrombolysis in Myocardial infarction criteria) bleeding at 48 hours.   Results:  Three RCTs included a total of 25,107 participants. The effects of Cangrelor were not different against comparators for MI (Risk ratio [RR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78 to 1.13) and all-cause mortality ( RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.43) . However, cangrelor significantly reduced the risk of ischemia-driven revascularization (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.98), Stent thrombosis (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.82) and Q wave MI (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.92) without causing an increase in severe or life-threatening GUSTO bleeding (Global utilization of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator for occluded coronary arteries criteria) or TIMI major bleeding. Separate analysis against only clopidogrel also showed similar findings except Q wave MI outcome.   Conclusion:  Use of cangrelor during PCI might reduce the risk of ischemia-driven revascularization and stent thrombosis, without causing increase in major bleeding.
Use of and barriers to access to opioid analgesics: a worldwide, regional, and national study
Authors: Stefano Berterame, Juliana Erthal, Johny Thomas, Sarah Fellner, Benjamin Vosse, Philip Clare, Wei Hao, David T Johnson, Alejandro Mohar, Jagjit Pavadia, Ahmed Kamal Eldin Samak, Werner Sipp, Viroj Sumyai, Sri Suryawati, Jallal Toufiq, Raymond Yans, Richard P Mattick
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
Analysis of the patient-related barriers in cancer pain anagement in Turkish patients
Authors: G. Bagçivan, N. Tosun, S. Kömürcü, A. Özet, N. Akbayrak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20699 Background: The most important issue, which may be preventing effective cancer pain management, have generally been the barriers originating from misbelieve or misunderstandings, which lead patients to be reluctant to report pain and receive the appropriate analgesic. It is the first study about this issue in Turkey. Methods: This study was planned as a descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample was 170 patients with cancer, who used or is still using analgesic medication for pain related to cancer. Demographic Questionnaire, Brief Pain Inventory and BQ-II were used for data collection. The reliability coefficient for the total scale and subscales (Cronbach's α) were calculated. Test and retest results were compared to determine the scales validity for Turkish patients. All statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS 15.0.The value p≤0.05 was considered ‘statistically significant’. Results: As a result of the factor analysis made for BQ-II, seven factors that make up for 66.451% of the total variance were found. Cronbach's alpha value was 0.87 for the BQ-II. According to the points given by patients to the items in BQ-II, it was seen that they have beliefs that may be barriers to optimal pain management mostly in “addiction” and minimally in “physical side effects” subscale. It was ascertained that male, not married patients, patients with a chronic disease other than cancer, patients whose “average pain” level is &gt;5 and who use inadequate analgesic have more beliefs that may be barriers to optimal pain management. Conclusions: BQ-II was a valid and reliable scale for Turkish defining patient related barriers in cancer pain management. Items suggested by patients such as “family related barriers” and “family members’ role and responsibilities” could be added to the BQ-II for future studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Tumor-Specific Antigens on Rat Liver Cells Transformed In Vitro by Chemical Carcinogens
Authors: T. Yokota, P. Sizaret, N. Martel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

With the use of membrane immunofluorescence and xenogeneic antisera, tumor-specific membrane antigens were detected on rat epithelial-like liver cells transformed in vitro by chemical carcinogens. These antigens were not detected in 10-, 15-, and 19-day rat fetuses. Xenogeneic antisera were produced in rabbits by immunization of the rabbits with cultivated BD rat liver cells transformed by dimethylnitrosamine or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The specific antisera against tumor-associated antigen(s) were obtained by in vivo absorption in syngeneic male rats and by in vitro absorption with various cell lines. One tumor-specific individual antigen and two tumor-specific cross-reacting antigens were shown to be present on the surface of chemically and/or spontaneously transformed rat liver cell lines. They were not detected on liver and spleen cells of normal BD adult rats, on fetal liver cells, or on liver and intestinal carcinoma cells of Wistar rats. Sera from multiparous pregnant rats had no antibodies against these tumor antigens (although they reacted with fetal cells).
Histologic Classification of Hodgkin's Disease in the Western State of Nigeria&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Correa, P., O'Conor, G. T., Edington, G. M., Osunkoya, B. O., Hendrickse, Margaret
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Histologic Classification of Hodgkin's Disease in the Western State of Nigeria Get access P. Correa, P. Correa Co-Editor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. T. O'Conor, G. T. O'Conor Co-Editor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. M. Edington, M.D., G. M. Edington, M.D. Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. O. Osunkoya, M.D., B. O. Osunkoya, M.D. Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret Hendrickse Margaret Hendrickse Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 6, June 1973, Pages 1633–1637, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.6.1633 Published: 01 June 1973
Amylase-Producing Myeloma Cells Reduced Sensitivity to Dexamethasone and Bortezomib.
Authors: Shohei Mizuno, Ichiro Hanamura, Akinobu Ota, Karnan Sivasundaram, Tomoko Narita, Masaki Ri, Motonori Mizutani, Mineaki Goto, Mayuko Gotou, Norikazu Tsunekawa, Masato Shikami, Shinsuke Iida, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Hiroshi Miwa, Ryuzo Ueda, Masakazu Nitta, Akiyoshi Takami
Journal: Blood (2014)
Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Mechanisms Regulating Hypoxia-Induced Drug Resistance In Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Patricia Maiso, Daisy Huynh, Yosra Aljawai, John M. Asara, Antonio Sacco, Michele Moschetta, Yuji Mishima, Aldo M Roccaro, Alec Kimmelman, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Blood (2013)
A phase 1 study of daily oral perifosine (P) with every 3-week paclitaxel (T)
Authors: T. F. Goggins, J. J. Nemunaitis, R. Shiffman, R. Birch, D. H. Berdeaux, M. Rettenmaier, M. Diaz-Lacayo, I. C. Henderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

13134 Background: Perifosine is a novel alkylphospholipid that has been shown to affect multiple signal transduction pathways including Akt, MAPK and JNK (Kondapaka, Mol. Canc. Ther 2: 1093–1103. 2003). Treatment with a taxane initially activates Akt, and persistent activation increases resistance to the drug (Vanderweele, Mol. Canc. Ther. 3: 1605–13, 2004). Methods: Twelve patients (pts) were enrolled on this study. T was given at a dose of 175 mg/m 2 on day 8 (after 7 days of perifosine) of a 21 day cycle; this was to obtain a steady state level of P at the tumor before exposure to T. The intent of the protocol was to determine if full dose P could be delivered with 50 mg of perifosine given orally 1, 2 or 3 times a day on days 1–14 of each cycle. Results: Disease sites included lung 3, thyroid 3, breast 1, esophagus 1 and other 4, Median age was 66 (range 45 - 83); 6 pts were male and median ECOG performance status was 1 (range 0–2). All pts had received prior chemotherapy (median 2 regimens); 3 had prior treatment with a taxane. Three pts were entered at each dose level and the cohort expanded to 6 pts if 2 or more pts experienced a grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicity (DLT) during cycle 1. A dose level was toxic if 4 or more pts experienced a DLT during cycle 1. A total of 30 cycles and a median of 2 cycles (range 1–11) per patient were delivered. There were no grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities. Full dose T was given in all treatment cycles. P dose reductions were required in 6% of cycles (50 mg - 7%, 100 mg - 0%, 150 mg - 7%). One patient missed one dose due to nausea and one pt was stopped due to diarrhea. The grade 3 toxicities for each cohort are given in the table below. The elevated glucose value was 321. Nine pts were evaluable for response; two pts with thyroid cancer had stable disease by the RECIST criteria for 9 and 10+ months. Conclusions: In this study the usual single agent doses of P (150 mg daily) &amp; T (175 mg/m 2 q 3 weeks) were given together without increasing the toxicities that would be expected from using each drug alone. Phase II studies are warranted to define activity of the combination. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
PTU-078 Cost-effectiveness analysis comparing surgical and endoscopic drainage in patients with obstructive chronic pancreatitis
Authors: P Laramee, D Wonderling, D L Cahen, M J Bruno, M G Dijkgraaf, D J Gouma, S P Pereira
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Two published randomised controlled trials (RCTs)12 have reported that surgical drainage of the pancreatic duct was more effective than endoscopic drainage for patients with chronic pancreatitis. The objective of this analysis was to assess the cost-effectiveness of surgical vs endoscopic drainage in obstructive chronic pancreatitis. <h3>Methods</h3> This analysis was conducted mainly based on one RCT1, from a UK National Health Service perspective, and over a 24-month time horizon for the base-case analysis (median follow-up time in the trial). A lifetime horizon was used in the sensitivity analysis. The health outcome was the Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY), which was generated using EQ-5D data collected during the trial. Also collected were details of the use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, time in hospital and the treatment of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. This resource use was combined with UK unit costs. Key elements of resource use, such as complication rates and conversion to surgery were varied in sensitivity analyses. The trial reported one death in the endoscopy group (5%), which was not clearly related to the intervention. For the base-case analysis, we assumed no mortality in either group and applied a mortality rate of up to 2% to surgical drainage in the sensitivity analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The result of the base-case analysis was that surgical drainage of the pancreatic duct dominated endoscopic drainage, being both more effective and less costly. The sensitivity analysis showed that the surgical option remained dominant in a majority of scenarios. When compared with a threshold of £20 000 per QALY gained, all analyses indicated that the probability that surgical drainage is cost-effective compared to endoscopic drainage exceeds 95%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with obstructive chronic pancreatitis, surgical drainage is highly cost-effective compared to endoscopic drainage. This economic analysis was developed from a UK perspective, but given the magnitude of the improvement in quality of life, the substantial cost savings and the robustness of the results to sensitivity analyses, it is likely that this conclusion can be generalised to other healthcare systems.
Chemo- and Radiotherapy in Adjuvant Management of Optimally Debulked Endometrial Cancer
Authors: David Scott Miller, Gini Fleming, Marcus E. Randall
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2009)

The role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in adjuvant management of optimally debulked endometrial cancer with extrauterine involvement is evolving. Recent studies have suggested an expanded role for chemotherapy and questioned the benefit of radiation therapy. Ongoing and planned clinical trials should provide clarification.