tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Functional Role of CD11c <sup>+</sup> Monocytes in Atherogenesis Associated With Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Huaizhu Wu, R. Michael Gower, Hong Wang, Xiao-Yuan Dai Perrard, Ruidong Ma, Daniel C. Bullard, Alan R. Burns, Antoni Paul, C. Wayne Smith, Scott I. Simon, Christie M. Ballantyne
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Monocyte activation and migration into the arterial wall are key events in atherogenesis associated with hypercholesterolemia. CD11c/CD18, a β 2 integrin expressed on human monocytes and a subset of mouse monocytes, has been shown to play a distinct role in human monocyte adhesion on endothelial cells, but the regulation of CD11c in hypercholesterolemia and its role in atherogenesis are unknown. Methods and Results— Mice genetically deficient in CD11c were generated and crossbred with apolipoprotein E (apoE) −/− mice to generate CD11c −/− /apoE −/− mice. Using flow cytometry, we examined CD11c on blood leukocytes in apoE −/− hypercholesterolemic mice and found that compared with wild-type and apoE −/− mice on a normal diet, apoE −/− mice on a Western high-fat diet had increased CD11c + monocytes. Circulating CD11c + monocytes from apoE −/− mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles and expressed higher levels of CD11b and CD29. Deficiency of CD11c decreased firm arrest of mouse monocytes on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin in a shear flow assay, reduced monocyte/macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions, and decreased atherosclerosis development in apoE −/− mice on a high-fat diet. Conclusions— CD11c, which increases on blood monocytes during hypercholesterolemia, plays an important role in monocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis development in an apoE −/− mouse model of hypercholesterolemia.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INJURIES IN A WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL RUGBY SEVENS WORLD CUP SQUAD
Authors: N Gabb, G Trewartha, S Kemp, KA Stokes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Little is known about injury patterns in women's rugby sevens. Objective To investigate the incidence of match and training injuries sustained by elite female rugby sevens players during preparation for and during the world cup. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting England Women's Rugby Sevens World Cup Squad. Participants 17 members of the England Women's Rugby Sevens World Cup training squad. Independent variables Match and training exposure. Main outcome measurements: Match and training injury incidence and severity. Results 34 time-loss injuries (12 match and 22 training) were recorded during 2308 hours of exposure (64 hours match-play and 2244 hours training). Match and training injury incidence rates were 187/1000 hours (95% CI: 106-330) and 10/1000 hours (95% CI: 7–15), respectively. Mean severity of match injuries was 33 days (median=14 days), and 40 days (median=15 days) for training injuries. Typically, match injuries were acute onset (10 out of 12 injuries; 83%) and occurred during contact (8 out of 12; 67%). In contrast, 15 out of 22 (68%) training injuries were non-contact with an associated injury burden of 369 days absence per 1000 training hours. Over two thirds of these non-contact injuries were associated with running and the remainder recorded as chronic injuries. Conclusions Match injury incidence in this small cohort was higher than in women's 15s (36/1000 hours) (Taylor et al. , 2011) and in men's sevens (106/1000 hours) (Fuller et al. , 2010). In addition, training injury incidence rate is much higher than has been reported previously. Given that a total of 827 days were lost to non-contact training injuries, a specific focus on injury reduction in this context could have a major impact on player availability.
Cryopreservation of human oocytes: a review of current problems and perspectives
Authors: A Bernard
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

It is well recognized that the ability to cryopreserve unfertilized human oocytes would make a significant contribution to infertility treatment. However, despite considerable interest, very few successful pregnancies have arisen from cryopreserved oocytes after thawing, insemination and transfer of the subsequent embryo. The reasons for this lack of progress may well result from a dearth of information on how the various biophysical changes during a cryopreservation regimen affect human oocyte function. Recently, fundamental studies on the effects of cooling, membrane permeability, cryoprotectant addition and ice formation have been performed on human oocytes by a number of groups, and these form the basis of the current review. It is likely that successful human oocyte cryopreservation will only follow once these factors are fully understood, but the existing base of knowledge should provide a platform for further improvements in the techniques currently employed.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody directed against mouse macrophage and lymphocyte Fc receptors.
Authors: J C Unkeless
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

To investigate the antigenic relationship between the macrophage and lymphocyte Fc receptors (FcR), a monoclonal antibody capable of blocking mouse macrophage Fc receptors was selected. Hybrids were formed by fusing the P3U1 mouse myeloma and spleen cells from a rat immunized with the mouse macrophage-like cell lines J774 and P388D1. The Fab fragment of the monoclonal IgG secreted by clone 2.4G2, inhibited the trypsin-resistant Fc receptor II (FcRII), which is specific for immune aggregates of mouse IgG1 and IgG2b, but had no inhibitory effect on the trypsin-sensitive Fc receptor I (FcRI), which binds monomeric IgG2a and erythrocytes coated with IgG2a. Thus, the monoclonal 2.4G2 IgG appeared to be specific for macrophage FcRII. Further evidence that the 2.4G2 IgG was directed against FcRII came from binding studies of the monoclonal antibody to J774 cells and a series of independently isolated variants which do not express FcRII. These variants of J774 bound 5% as much of the monoclonal antibody as the parent line, which bound 600,000 molecules of 2.4G2 IgG per cell. The antigenic relatedness of mouse lymphocyte FcR to mouse macrophage FcRII was demonstrated by the binding of 2.4G2 IgG to FcR-bearing lymphoid cell lines and the inhibition of the lymphocyte FcR by the monoclonal antibody. Preincubation of spleen cells and peritioneal cells with 2.3G2 IgG likewise inhibited rosette formation with ox erythrocytes coated with rabbit IgG. The ability of the hybridoma IgG to inhibit mouse FcRII was independent of the major histocompatibility complex. The 2.4G2 IgG antigenic determinant was not present on rat, guinea pig, rabbit, or human FcR-bearing cells.
Humoral Responses to Peptides Correlate with Overall Survival in Advanced Cancer Patients Vaccinated with Peptides Based on Pre-existing, Peptide-Specific Cellular Responses
Authors: Takashi Mine, Yuji Sato, Masanori Noguchi, Teruo Sasatomi, Rumi Gouhara, Naotake Tsuda, Shoko Tanaka, Hiroki Shomura, Kazuko Katagiri, Touru Rikimaru, Shigeki Shichijo, Toshiharu Kamura, Takashi Hashimoto, Kazuo Shirouzu, Akira Yamada, Satoru Todo, Kyogo Itoh, Hideaki Yamana
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to find a laboratory marker for overall survival in advanced cancer patients who were vaccinated with peptides based on pre-existing, peptide-specific CTL precursors in the circulation. Experimental Design: A group of 113 patients with advanced cancer (28 colorectal, 22 prostate, 15 lung, 14 gastric, and 34 other cancers) was enrolled in a Phase I clinical study of peptide vaccination in which peptide-specific CTL precursors of prevaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured, followed by vaccination with these peptides (maximum of four). For cellular responses, pre and postvaccination (sixth) peripheral blood mononuclear cells were provided for measurement of both peptide-specific CTL precursors by IFN-γ release assay and tumor reactivity by 51Cr release assay. Delayed type hypersensitivity was also measured. For humoral response, pre and postvaccination (sixth) sera were provided for measurement of peptide-reactive IgG by an ELISA. Results: The median survival time and 1-year survival rate of the total cases were 346 ± 64.9 days and 44.6%, respectively, and those of patients vaccinated more than six times (n = 91) were 409 ± 15 days and 54.4%, respectively. In these 91 patients, the overall survival of patients whose sera showed increased levels of peptide-reactive IgG (n = 60) was significantly more prolonged (P = 0.0003) than that of patients whose sera did not (n = 31), whereas none of cellular responses correlated with overall survival. Conclusions: Peptide-specific IgG in postvaccination sera could be a suitable laboratory maker for the prediction of prolonged survival in advanced cancer patients vaccinated with peptides based on pre-existing CTL precursors.
Mechanisms in Hyperkalemic Renal Tubular Acidosis
Authors: Fiona E. Karet
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

The form of renal tubular acidosis associated with hyperkalemia is usually attributable to real or apparent hypoaldosteronism. It is therefore a common feature in diabetes and a number of other conditions associated with underproduction of renin or aldosterone. In addition, the close relationship between potassium levels and ammonia production dictates that hyperkalemia per se can lead to acidosis. Here I describe the modern relationship between molecular function of the distal portion of the nephron, pathways of ammoniagenesis, and hyperkalemia.
Hunt insists he will not withdraw section 75 regulations
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2013)

England’s health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, told MPs on the parliamentary health select committee yesterday that he was not prepared to back down about the ongoing concern among doctors’ representatives and others over the section 75 regulations of the Health and Social Care Act that deal with rules on market competition.

Hunt said that he would not rewrite the regulations again, adding, “There has been a lot of mischief about the purpose of those regulations, but let’s be clear that the purpose of the Health and Social Care Act was …
Drug Resistance and the Solid Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: O. Tredan, C. M. Galmarini, K. Patel, I. F. Tannock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

Resistance of human tumors to anticancer drugs is most often ascribed to gene mutations, gene amplification, or epigenetic changes that influence the uptake, metabolism, or export of drugs from single cells. Another important yet little-appreciated cause of anticancer drug resistance is the limited ability of drugs to penetrate tumor tissue and to reach all of the tumor cells in a potentially lethal concentration. To reach all viable cells in the tumor, anticancer drugs must be delivered efficiently through the tumor vasculature, cross the vessel wall, and traverse the tumor tissue. In addition, heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment leads to marked gradients in the rate of cell proliferation and to regions of hypoxia and acidity, all of which can influence the sensitivity of the tumor cells to drug treatment. In this review, we describe how the tumor microenvironment may be involved in the resistance of solid tumors to chemotherapy and discuss potential strategies to improve the effectiveness of drug treatment by modifying factors relating to the tumor microenvironment.
CD146 Short Isoform Increases the Proangiogenic Potential of Endothelial Progenitor Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Abdeldjalil Kebir, Karim Harhouri, Benjamin Guillet, Jia Wei Liu, Alexandrine Foucault-Bertaud, Edouard Lamy, Elise Kaspi, Nadia Elganfoud, Frédéric Vely, Florence Sabatier, José Sampol, Pascale Pisano, Egbert K.O. Kruithof, Nathalie Bardin, Françoise Dignat-George, Marcel Blot-Chabaud
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

CD146, a transmembrane immunoglobulin mainly expressed at the intercellular junction of endothelial cells, is involved in cell-cell cohesion, paracellular permeability, monocyte transmigration and angiogenesis. CD146 exists as 2 isoforms, short (sh) and long (lg), but which isoform is involved remains undefined.The recently described role of CD146 in angiogenesis prompted us to investigate which isoform was involved in this process in human late endothelial progenitors (EPCs), with the objective of increasing their proangiogenic potential.Immunofluorescence experiments showed that, in subconfluent EPCs, shCD146 was localized in the nucleus and at the migrating edges of the membrane, whereas lgCD146 was intracellular. In confluent cells, shCD146 was redistributed at the apical membrane and lgCD146 was directed toward the junction. In contrast to lgCD146, shCD146 was overexpressed in EPCs as compared to mature endothelial cells and upregulated by vascular endothelial growth factor and SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor 1). Study of the properties of both isoforms in vitro provided evidence that shCD146 was involved in EPC adhesion to activated endothelium, migration, and proliferation, with a paracrine secretion of interleukin-8 or angiopoietin 2, whereas lgCD146 was implicated in stabilization of capillary-like structures in Matrigel and transendothelial permeability. In an animal model of hindlimb ischemia, transplantation of shCD146-modified EPCs selectively promoted both EPC engraftment and blood flow.Altogether, these findings establish that CD146 isoforms display distinct functions in vessels regeneration. Selective improvement of therapeutic angiogenesis by shCD146 overexpression suggests a potential interest of shCD146-transduced EPCs for the treatment of peripheral ischemic disease.
Novel stretch-sensor technology allows quantification of adherence and quality of home-exercises: a validation study
Authors: Michael Skovdal Rathleff, Thomas Bandholm, Peter Ahrendt, Jens Lykkegaard Olesen, Kristian Thorborg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

To investigate if a new stretch sensor attached to an elastic exercise band can assist health professionals in evaluating adherence to home exercises. More specifically, the study investigated whether health professionals can differentiate elastic band exercises performed as prescribed, from exercises not performed as prescribed.10 participants performed four different shoulder-abduction exercises in two rounds (80 exercise scenarios in total). The scenarios were (1) low contraction speed, full range of motion (0-90°), (2) high contraction speed, full range of motion (0-90°), (3) low contraction speed, diminished range of motion (0-45°) and (4) unsystematic pull of the elastic exercise band. Stretch-sensor readings from each participant were recorded and presented randomly to the raters. Two raters were asked to differentiate between unsystematic pull (scenario 4), from shoulder abduction strength exercises (scenarios 1-3). The next two raters were asked to identify the four different exercise scenarios (scenarios 1-4).The first two raters were able to differentiate between unsystematic pull (scenario 4) from shoulder abduction strength exercises (scenarios 1-3). They made no errors (100% success rate). The second two raters were both able to identify each of the 80 scenarios (scenarios 1-4). They too made no errors (100% success rate).The stretch-sensor readings from the elastic exercise band allow health professionals to quantify whether strength-exercises have been performed as prescribed. These findings have great implications for future clinical practice and research where home exercises are the drugs-of-choice, as they enable clinicians and researchers to measure the exact adherence and quality of the prescribed exercises.
Adjuvant imatinib mesylate after resection of localised, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ronald P DeMatteo, Karla V Ballman, Cristina R Antonescu, Robert G Maki, Peter WT Pisters, George D Demetri, Martin E Blackstein, Charles D Blanke, Margaret von Mehren, Murray F Brennan, Shreyaskumar Patel, Martin D McCarter, Jonathan A Polikoff, Benjamin R Tan, Kouros Owzar
Journal: The Lancet (2009)
Can Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors be Discontinued in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma and a Complete Response to Treatment? A Multicentre, Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Manfred Johannsen, Anne Flörcken, Axel Bex, Jan Roigas, Marco Cosentino, Vincenzo Ficarra, Christian Kloeters, Matthias Rief, Patrik Rogalla, Kurt Miller, Viktor Grünwald
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Randomized comparative trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus bleomycin and vincristine in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. International Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Study Group.
Authors: S Stewart, H Jablonowski, F D Goebel, K Arasteh, M Spittle, A Rios, D Aboulafia, J Galleshaw, B J Dezube
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE Cytotoxic chemotherapy is frequently required for the more severe manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Combinations of bleomycin and vincristine (BV) or BV with the addition of doxorubicin (ABV) are the most commonly used regimens against which new treatments may be compared. We report a multicenter phase III study that compared pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) to the BV combination. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a randomized study that compared PLD 20 mg/m2 with a combination of bleomycin 15 IU/m2 and vincristine 2 mg in 241 patients with HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Both regimens were administered by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks for six cycles. RESULTS A total of 121 patients received PLD and 120 patients the BV combination. The response to PLD was superior to BV: 58.7% versus 23.3% (P &lt; .001). Patients who were randomized to receive BV, however, were more likely to terminate treatment early because of an adverse event (26.7% v 10.7%), and fewer completed the full six cycles of treatment (30.8% v 55.4%). Treatment with BV was associated with a significantly higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy (P &lt; .001), whereas PLD treatment was more commonly associated with neutropenia and delays in receiving treatment (P &lt; or = .001). CONCLUSION Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is an effective treatment for HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma with a higher response rate than the BV combination. It is well tolerated but more myelosuppressive.
Transient elastography in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Authors: M Yoneda, K Fujita, M Inamori, A Nakajima, M Tamano, H Hiraishi
Journal: Gut (2007)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver injury in many countries around the world.1 NAFLD covers a wide spectrum, ranging from simple steatosis—which is generally non-progressive—to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). There are no established non-invasive methods of evaluation for patients with NASH, and until recently liver biopsy was the only method for evaluating liver fibrosis. Transient elastography is a new technique that allows rapid, non-invasive measurement of mean tissue stiffness, which has been shown to be useful for accurate estimation of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.2

We carried out a study to determine the value of liver stiffness measurement with the new medical device called the …
ANTI-HEPATITIS C ANTIBODIES AND NON-A, NON-B POST-TRANSFUSION HEPATITIS IN THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: C.L. VAN DER POEL, P.N. Lelie, Q-L. Choo, H.W. Reesink, A.Leent Vaar-Kuypers, G. Kuo, M. Houghton
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
The Prime Study: Survival Outcomes in Patients with KRAS/NRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Non-Liver-Limited Disease
Authors: J.Y. Douillard, J. Tabernero, S. Salvatore, M. Peeters, R. Koukakis, J.H. Terwey, R. Sidhu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Astroglial Protein S-100 Is an Early and Sensitive Marker of Hypoxic Brain Damage and Outcome After Cardiac Arrest in Humans
Authors: Bernd W. Böttiger, Stefan Möbes, Rolf Glätzer, Harald Bauer, André Gries, Peter Bärtsch, Johann Motsch, Eike Martin
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —The results of early conventional tests do not correlate with cerebral outcome after cardiac arrest. We investigated the serum levels of astroglial protein S-100 as an early marker of brain damage and outcome after cardiac arrest. Methods and Results —In 66 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation after nontraumatic cardiac arrest, blood samples for the evaluation of S-100 were drawn immediately after and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes; 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours; and 7 days after initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Moreover, the serum levels of neuron-specific enolase were determined between 2 hours and 7 days. If patients survived for &gt;48 hours, brain damage was assessed by a combination of neurological, cranial CT, and electrophysiological examinations. Overall, 343 blood samples were taken for the determination of S-100. Maximum S-100 levels within 2 hours after cardiac arrest were significantly higher in patients with documented brain damage (survivors and nonsurvivors, 3.70±0.77 μg/L) than in patients without brain damage (0.90±0.29 μg/L). Significant differences between these 2 groups were observed from 30 minutes until 7 days after cardiac arrest. In addition, the positive predictive value of the S-100 test at 24 hours for fatal outcome within 14 days was 87%, and the negative predictive value was 100% ( P &lt;0.001). With regard to neuron-specific enolase, significant differences between patients with documented brain damage and those with no brain damage were found at 24, 48, and 72 hours and 7 days. Conclusions —Astroglial protein S-100 is an early and sensitive marker of hypoxic brain damage and short-term outcome after cardiac arrest in humans.
Coxsackievirus B3 Is an Oncolytic Virus with Immunostimulatory Properties That Is Active against Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shohei Miyamoto, Hiroyuki Inoue, Takafumi Nakamura, Meiko Yamada, Chika Sakamoto, Yasuo Urata, Toshihiko Okazaki, Tomotoshi Marumoto, Atsushi Takahashi, Koichi Takayama, Yoichi Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Kenzaburo Tani
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although oncolytic virotherapy is a promising anticancer therapy, antitumor efficacy is hampered by low tumor selectivity. To identify a potent and selective oncolytic virotherapy, we carried out large-scale two-step screening of 28 enteroviral strains and found that coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) possessed specific oncolytic activity against nine human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. CVB3-mediated cytotoxicity was positively correlated with the expression of the viral receptors, coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, and decay-accelerating factor, on NSCLC cells. In vitro assays revealed that the CVB3 induced apoptosis and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) kinase (MEK) survival signaling pathways, leading to cytotoxicity and regulation of CVB3 replication. Intratumoral injections of CVB3 elicited remarkable regression of preestablished NSCLC tumors in vivo. Furthermore, administrations of CVB3 into xenografts on the right flank resulted in significantly durable regression of uninjected xenografts on the left flank, where replication-competent CVB3 was detected. All treatments with CVB3 were well tolerated without treatment-related deaths. In addition, after CVB3 infection, NSCLC cells expressed abundant cell surface calreticulin and secreted ATP as well as translocated extranuclear high-mobility group box 1, which are required for immunogenic cell death. Moreover, intratumoral CVB3 administration markedly recruited natural killer cells and granulocytes, both of which contributed to the antitumor effects as shown by depletion assays, macrophages, and mature dendritic cells into tumor tissues. Together, our findings suggest that CVB3 is a potent and well-tolerated oncolytic agent with immunostimulatory properties active against both localized and metastatic NSCLC. Cancer Res; 72(10); 2609–21. ©2012 AACR.