tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Capillary geometrical changes with fiber shortening in rat myocardium.
Authors: D C Poole, S Batra, O Mathieu-Costello, K Rakusan
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Capillary-to-fiber geometrical relations constitute an integral component of peripheral gas exchange. Determination of capillary length and surface area density necessitates quantification of capillary orientation (i.e., tortuosity and branching). In skeletal muscle, capillary tortuosity increases in a curvilinear fashion at reduced sarcomere length, and this compensates for decreased capillary density as fiber cross-sectional area increases. To investigate these relations in myocardium, rat hearts were glutaraldehyde perfusion-fixed in calcium- or barium-induced "systole" to provide varying degrees of fiber shortening. Morphometric techniques were used to analyze capillary geometry in subepicardium (EPI) and subendocardium (ENDO) using 1-micron sections cut transverse and longitudinal to the muscle fiber axis. Capillary density on transverse and longitudinal sections, capillary diameter, fiber cross-sectional area, and sarcomere length were determined in each region. Capillary surface density was computed, and values were related to sarcomere length and compared with published data for diastolic hearts. Sarcomere length in systole ranged from 2.06 +/- 0.03 to 1.35 +/- 0.02 microns (EPI) and from 1.93 +/- 0.04 to 1.44 +/- 0.04 microns (ENDO). Fiber cross-sectional area (EPI, 344 +/- 13 microns2; ENDO, 343 +/- 12 microns2) was significantly larger, and capillary density on transverse sections was significantly smaller (EPI, 4,105 +/- 318 mm-2; ENDO, 4,145 +/- 267 mm-2) than in hearts arrested in diastole. Compared with skeletal muscle, capillary tortuosity was substantially less increased by fiber shortening. Capillary tortuosity and branching did not differ between EPI and ENDO and contributed a maximum of 33% (range, 13-33%) to capillary length density and surface area at a sarcomere length of 1.45 +/- 0.04 microns. Compared with diastolic hearts, capillary length density decreased on average by 19.6% (EPI) and 17.7% (ENDO); similarly, capillary surface density decreased 19.9% (EPI) and 13.7% (ENDO). We conclude that, with fiber shortening in the heart, fiber cross-sectional area increases and capillary numerical density decreases as predicted from reduced sarcomere length. Combined with the minimal geometrical changes of the capillary bed at shorter fiber lengths, this results in a lower capillary length and surface area per fiber volume in systole. Consequently, the structural potential for O2 diffusion into myocytes is determined, in part, by fiber length.
Determinants recognized by murine rheumatoid factors: molecular localization using a panel of mouse myeloma variant immunoglobulins.
Authors: V Stassin, P G Coulie, B K Birshtein, D S Secher, J Van Snick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The structures recognized by monoclonal anti-IgG1 rheumatoid factors (RF) were localized by testing their reactivity with mutant immunoglobulins carrying gamma 1 chains that lacked either the CH1 or the CH3 domains. While optimal binding was observed in the absence of CH1, deletion of CH3 completely abolished the reactivity of all but one of the 71 monoclonal RF tested. Similar experiments were carried out with IgG2a- and IgG2b-specific RF by using variant immunoglobulins carrying various hybrid gamma 2a-gamma 2b heavy chains. It was found that both the polyclonal RF produced by autoimmune strains, MRL/MpJ-lpr and NZB/BinJ, and most of the monoclonal RF derived from normal strains, BALB/c, C57Bl/6, and 129/Sv, were directed against determinants located in a segment spanning the C-terminal 8 residues of the CH2 domain and the complete CH3 domain.
Diagnostic Validity of Optic Disc and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Evaluations in Detecting Structural Changes after Optic Neuritis
Authors: Francesca Bertuzzi, Martina Suzani, Elena Tagliabue, Guido Cavaletti, Raffaella Angeli, Roberto Balgera, Eliana Rulli, Carlo Ferrarese, Stefano Miglior
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
"A Touch of Sensitivity".
Authors: C M Fitzgerald
Journal: BMJ (1979)

ment.We do not agree.Surely it is better to recognise the importance of obstetric anaes- thetic services and improve the services where they are inadequate.Currently the recruitment of doctors into anaesthesia is excellent and the opportunity exists.Unfortunately, medical administrators seeking to save money might misuse the views of Professor Hibbard and his colleagues and block the improvements that are necessary.This is the true importance of the argument.
WHO reports decline in number of new Ebola cases in Liberia
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The number of newly reported cases of Ebola virus disease in Liberia is falling, with reports of empty beds in treatment centres, the World Health Organization has said.

At a press conference Bruce Aylward, WHO assistant director general in charge of the operational response to Ebola, reported a “glimmer of hope”—the number of newly reported cases is beginning to decline, treatment centres are reporting empty beds, and the number of burials is also falling. In the capital, Monrovia, and the district of Lofa in particular the number of new cases appears to have plateaued, he said.

He said that there had been about a 25% drop in the number of new cases reported over recent weeks but stressed that accurate figures were not yet available. The Liberian government is …
Comparison of faecal bile acid profiles between patients with adenomatous polyps of the large bowel and healthy subjects in Japan.
Authors: N Tanida, Y Hikasa, T Shimoyama, K D Setchell
Journal: Gut (1984)

Faecal bile acid excretion was examined in 13 patients with adenomatous polyps of the large bowel and compared with a series of matched healthy subjects. Bile acids were analysed in detail with respect to the composition of individual bile acids and their mode of conjugation. The total excretion of bile acids by the patient group and the healthy subjects ranged from 55.0-837.6 mumol/day (median 233.8, mean 346.9) and 93.8-712.3 mumol/day (median 489.2, mean 386.7) respectively. Expressed as mumol/g faecal weight these values were 0.6-4.8 (median 2.2, mean 2.4) and 0.4-5.8 (median 2.2, mean 2.8) and in terms of mumol/g faecal dry weight, 1.9-50.7 (median 10.1, mean 16.5) and 3.9-32.4 (median 16.3, mean 16.7) respectively for the two groups. The composition of the individual bile acids and their distribution within the various conjugate fractions was essentially the same for both groups. Cholenoic acid (5 beta-chol-3-enoic acid), an unusual bile acid, was detected in one patient and three healthy subjects. These results revealed no significant quantitative differences in bile acid excretion between the group of patients with adenomatous polyps and those of healthy subjects.
The continuing story of nutritional supplements and doping infractions: Table 1
Authors: Olivier de Hon, Bart Coumans
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Nutritional supplements can be a source of positive doping cases as some supplements contain prohibited substances without showing this on their label. This problem has existed for some time and has been extensively studied in the past 8 years. The sport of tennis has played a particular role in this problem because of some peculiar doping cases within its community. This article focuses on this particular doping problem, explaining the background and reviewing the available literature. It presents the first 3 years of experience within the Netherlands Security System Nutritional Supplements Elite Sports ("Nederlands Zekerheidssysteem Voedingssupplementen Topsport" or NZVT) and explains the most extensive system established to combat this particular doping problem. The NZVT experience has shown that paper-based quality systems are still prone to possible contaminations, which leads to the conclusion that the best possible solution for athletes who wish to use nutritional supplements must include laboratory-based analysis for doping substances, preferably repeated for every new batch. The most important educational message, however, is to use a nutritional supplement only if it is deemed of benefit by a nutritional expert.
Disease‐specific health‐related quality of life instruments for <scp>I</scp>g<scp>E</scp>‐mediated food allergy
Authors: S. A. Salvilla, A. E. J. Dubois, B. M. J. Flokstra‐de Blok, S. S. Panesar, A. Worth, S. Patel, A. Muraro, S. Halken, K. Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, A. DunnGalvin, J. O’B. Hourihane, L. Regent, N. W. de Jong, G. Roberts, A. Sheikh
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract This is one of seven interlinked systematic reviews undertaken on behalf of the E uropean A cademy of A llergy and C linical I mmunology as part of their G uidelines for F ood A llergy and A naphylaxis, which focuses on instruments developed for I g E ‐mediated food allergy. Disease‐specific questionnaires are significantly more sensitive than generic ones in measuring the response to interventions or future treatments, as well as estimating the general burden of food allergy. The aim of this systematic review was therefore to identify which disease‐specific, validated instruments can be employed to enable assessment of the impact of, and investigations and interventions for, I g E ‐mediated food allergy on health‐related quality of life ( HRQL ). Using a sensitive search strategy, we searched seven electronic bibliographic databases to identify disease‐specific quality of life ( QOL ) tools relating to I g E ‐mediated food allergy. From the 17 eligible studies, we identified seven disease‐specific HRQL instruments, which were then subjected to detailed quality appraisal. This revealed that these instruments have undergone formal development and validation processes, and have robust psychometric properties, and therefore provide a robust means of establishing the impact of food allergy on QOL . Suitable instruments are now available for use in children, adolescents, parents/caregivers, and adults. Further work must continue to develop a clinical minimal important difference for food allergy and for making these instruments available in a wider range of E uropean languages.
Severe dyspnoea in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukaemia on a tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: C. Ustun, N. Randall, E. Podgaetz, K. Amin, H. E. Dincer
Journal: Thorax (2015)

NR (Haematology fellow) : A 78-year-old male patient with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) diagnosed initially in 2011 presented to the haematology clinic with fatigue and dyspnoea at rest and with exertion. His medical history included benign prostatic hyperplasia and a prior diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) with translocation 8;21 (good risk AML) diagnosed in 2009, which was in complete remission after standard cytarabine and daunorubicin induction chemotherapy and cytarabine consolidation chemotherapy, requiring no treatment since January 2010. He had also been a smoker, with a 40 pack-year smoking history, who quit 40 years ago. His chest X-ray and CT from 2012 prior to nilotinib therapy demonstrated no focal airspace disease, no evidence of small airways disease and no pleural effusion (figure 1). In July 2013 prior to this current presentation, he had developed a pleural effusion while receiving dasatinib as a second-line agent because of suboptimal response to imatinib. Pleural fluid analysis at that time demonstrated an exudative effusion with 81% of lymphocyte predominance (395 white blood cells, WBCs) and negative staining and cultures for bacterial, fungal and acid fast bacilli. It was consistent with dasatinib-induced pleural effusion. Dasatinib was switched to nilotinib, and pleural effusion resolved until October 2014 when he presented again with fatigue and dyspnoea to the clinic.



Figure 1 
There are no focal airspace opacities, no evidence of pleural effusion or thickening. The cardiac silhouette is not enlarged. The pulmonary vessels are slightly distinct.



On examination, the patient's heart rate was 82 bpm, blood pressure 115/70 mm Hg, respiratory rate 24 breaths/min, SpO2 94% and temperature 97.3°F. The patient was in mild respiratory distress, actively working to take deep breaths. Respiratory examination was remarkable for poor air entry at the lung bases bilaterally with dullness to percussion to the mid-lung fields posteriorly, right side greater than left. There was no egophony …
Joint laxity and osteoarthrosis: a radiological survey of female physical education specialists.
Authors: H. A. Bird, A. Hudson, C. J. Eastmond, V. Wright
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1980)

Three hundred and sixty-four female specialist teachers of physical education who qualified between 1935 and 1950 agreed to have x-rays of the lumbar spine, hips and knees. Fifty-two has osteoarthrosis of the hip, 65 osteoarthrosis of the knee and 221 degenerative change in the spine. Overall osteoarthrosis of the knee was significantly less common than in a comparable sample from the general population (p < 0.001), severe or moderate osteoarthrosis being equally common in both groups but minor in minimal osteoarthrosis being much less common in the teachers. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of osteoarthrosis of the hip between the two populations though severe osteoarthrosis of the hip was slightly more common in the teachers.
Identification of SNPs Associated to Response of Breast Cancer Patients to Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy in the EORTC-10994 / BIG1-00 Randomised Phase III Trial
Authors: J. Robert, V. Le Morvan, A. Laroche-Clary, S. Aitouferoukh, R. Bellott, C. Messina, D. Cameron, S. Litiere, H. Bonnefoi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
The Role of Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Leslie T. Cooper, Kenneth L. Baughman, Arthur M. Feldman, Andrea Frustaci, Mariell Jessup, Uwe Kuhl, Glenn N. Levine, Jagat Narula, Randall C. Starling, Jeffrey Towbin, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Heparin adheres to the damaged arterial wall and inhibits its thrombogenicity.
Authors: H Araki, J Muramoto, K Nishi, M Jougasaki, M Inoue
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Heparin binds to thrombogenic extracellular matrices as well as to smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall in vitro. The inhibitory effects of heparin on thrombogenicity of the damaged arterial wall were examined in vivo using small mesenteric arteries of rats and a video recording system attached to a microscope. To induce thrombosis, we damaged the vessel wall over a short segment by compression and exposed the media to the blood stream. A platelet-rich thrombus enlarged gradually at the damaged site, occluded the vascular lumen for a short period, and then flowed away. Compression damage induced such thrombus formation several times. Heparin (500 units/ml) was given in three different ways: intravenous and intra-arterial administration (both 300 units/kg) and intraluminal application under stopped-flow conditions (less than 0.01 ml) for 1-2 minutes with subsequent draining out. Intravenous heparin significantly decreased both the total duration and the number of thrombotic occlusions, whereas intra-arterial heparin abolished thrombotic occlusion. Both routes of heparin administration similarly prolonged the blood coagulation time. Intraluminal application of heparin significantly inhibited subsequent thrombus formation after restoring the flow without changes in the blood coagulation time. After an intra-arterial administration or intraluminal application of fluorescein isothiocyanate-bound heparin, strong fluorescence was observed only at the damaged vascular segment. A heparin fraction with low affinity to antithrombin III or chondroitin sulfate A did not inhibit thrombosis. To clarify anticoagulant activity of vascular wall-bound heparin, damaged carotid arterial segments of rats were incubated (inside out) in platelet-poor plasma with thrombin, and fibrin clot formation around the segments with or without heparin binding was measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
α-fetoprotein-producing hepatoma cell lines share common expression profiles of genes in various categories demonstrated by cDNA microarray analysis
Authors: H Kawai
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Liver carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving various genetic alterations. cDNA microarray containing 1,080 elements (930 unique genes) was used to comprehensively analyze the genetic alterations in hepatoma cell lines, and clustering analysis was used to analyze the relatedness of the gene-expression profiles. Among 7 hepatoma cell lines analyzed, 5-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing hepatoma cell lines (HepG2, Huh7, Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5, and Huh6) were shown to have common gene-expression profiles compared with those of AFP-negative hepatoma cell lines (HLE and SK-Hep1) and cancer cell lines of nonhepatocyte origin (HeLa and KMBC). Furthermore, HepG2, Huh7, and Hep3B had higher expressions of AFP and shared a common gene-expression profile even when compared with other AFP-producing cells. Analysis of the genes with a common expression profile among these 3 AFP-positive cells revealed 254 genes across various categories. We found that 18 of these genes consistently showed altered levels of expression (more than 3-fold changes) in the 3 AFP-producing hepatoma cell lines (11 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated). In these 18 genes, 5 genes, including that for AFP, were previously reported to be involved in HCC and 6 genes involved only in other types of cancer. Our study showed that AFP-producing hepatoma cell lines shared a distinct expression profile of genes in various categories. An understanding of a causal relationship of this particular expression profile of genes to AFP-positive and AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may contribute to more rational therapy in future.
Echinococcal tension pneumothorax
Authors: F. Bakir, M. M. Al-Omeri
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Hydatid cyst is rarely mentioned among the causes of pneumothorax in text-books or monographs, especially those written in English. Five examples of tension pneumothorax secondary to ruptured hydatid cyst of the lung are reported: the mechanism of this tension effect and helpful diagnostic points are discussed. We think that surgical correction is the only satisfactory treatment of tension pneumothorax due to ruptured hydatid cyst: surgery is advocated in any suspected cyst as soon as it is discovered so as to avoid any such serious complication.
Treatment of Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients With an Iodine-131–Labeled Murine Anti-CD30 Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Roland Schnell, Markus Dietlein, Jan Oliver Staak, Peter Borchmann, Klaus Schomaecker, Thomas Fischer, Wolfgang Eschner, Hinrich Hansen, Franck Morschhauser, Harald Schicha, Volker Diehl, Andrew Raubitschek, Andreas Engert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) has been demonstrated to be a good target for immunotherapy since lymphocyte activation markers such as CD30 are expressed in high numbers on the malignant cells. Thus, we developed a new radioimmunoconjugate consisting of the murine anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody (MAb) Ki-4 labeled with iodine-131 ( 131 I). Patients and Methods The biodistribution of 131 I–Ki-4 was assessed via dosimetry after preinfusion of 5 mg native Ki-4 followed by 250 to 300 MBq 131 I-labeled Ki-4. Whole-body scintigraphy was performed 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 6 days after the infusion. Dosimetry was calculated using the programs NucliDose ICON-IDL (version 5.0.2; Siemens, Erlanger, Germany) and MIRDOSE (version 3.1; Oak Ridge National Laboratories; Oak Ridge, TN). The therapeutic dose was given on day 8 after preinfusion of unlabeled Ki-4. Results We treated 22 patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive HL. Preinfusion of 5 mg native Ki-4 was sufficient to bind the soluble CD30. Imaging demonstrated localization of involved areas measuring 5 cm in diameter or more in four patients and 2.5 cm in one patient. Patients received total body doses of 0.035 Gy to 0.99 Gy. Acute toxicity was mild with grade 1 fatigue in 19 of 22 assessable patients. Seven patients experienced grade 4 degrees hematotoxicity 4 to 8 weeks after treatment. Response included one complete remission, five partial remissions, and three minor responses. Conclusion Treatment with 131 I–Ki-4 is effective but can be associated with severe hematotoxicity.
Lung Cancer Screening in the Randomized Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: William G. Hocking, Ping Hu, Martin M. Oken, Stephen D. Winslow, Paul A. Kvale, Philip C. Prorok, Lawrence R. Ragard, John Commins, David A. Lynch, Gerald L. Andriole, Saundra S. Buys, Mona N. Fouad, Carl R. Fuhrman, Claudine Isaacs, Lance A. Yokochi, Thomas L. Riley, Paul F. Pinsky, John K. Gohagan, Christine D. Berg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

The 5-year overall survival rate of lung cancer patients is approximately 15%. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease and have shorter survival rates than patients with early-stage disease. Although screening for lung cancer has the potential to increase early diagnosis, it has not been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality rates. In 1993, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial was initiated specifically to determine whether screening would reduce mortality rates from PLCO cancers.A total of 77 464 participants, aged 55-74 years, were randomly assigned to the intervention arm of the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial between November 8, 1993, and July 2, 2001. Participants received a baseline chest radiograph (CXR), followed by three annual single-view CXRs at the 10 US screening centers. Cancers were classified as screen detected and nonscreen detected (interval or never screened) and according to tumor histology. The positivity rates of screen-detected cancers and positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated. Because 51.6% of the participants were current or former smokers, logistic regression analysis was performed to control for smoking status. All statistical tests were two-sided.Compliance with screening decreased from 86.6% at baseline to 78.9% at the last screening. Overall positivity rates were 8.9% at baseline and 6.6%-7.1% at subsequent screenings; positivity rates increased modestly with smoking risk categories (P(trend) < .001). The PPVs for all participants were 2.0% at baseline and 1.1%, 1.5%, and 2.4% at years 1, 2, and 3, respectively; PPVs in current smokers were 5.9% at baseline and 3.3%, 4.2%, and 5.6% at years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A total of 564 lung cancers were diagnosed, of which 306 (54%) were screen-detected cancers and 87% were non-small cell lung cancers. Among non-small cell lung cancers, 59.6% of screen-detected cancers and 33.3% of interval cancers were early (I-II) stage.The PLCO Cancer Screening Trial demonstrated the ability to recruit, retain, and screen a large population over multiple years at multiple centers. A higher proportion of screen-detected lung cancers were early stage, but a conclusion on the effectiveness of CXR screening must await final PLCO results, which are anticipated at the end of 2015.