tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: EDWARD WEISS, BERYL JAFFE, H. KEITH FISCHER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

The organic tradition in medicine has been responsible for a narrow (physical) view of the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of essential hypertension. The psychosomatic approach does not neglect the physical problems involved but includes a consideration of the role of emotions. It emphasizes the multiple factors in etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment and attempts to evaluate the resulting composite clinical picture. Such studies indicate that the emotional component apparently is intimately related to the development of hypertension in some patients, to the production of symptoms in many others, and enters into the question of treatment in nearly all patients with this disorder. All varieties of character and neurotic disturbances occur in hypertensive individuals, but most often the disorder seems to appear in people with compulsive characters. Therefore, inhibited aggression seems to bear a definite relationship to hypertension and, if it can be satisfactorily dealt with by means of psychotherapy, anxiety is diminished and blood pressure is often lowered. Even if blood pressure is unaffected, the treatment often benefits the patient by making him a healthier and more effective personality. Our objectives in treatment should be readjusted. We must do more than try to bring the blood pressure down. We must go beyond the physical aspects of hypertension to the personality of the hypertensive individual in order to be successful in the management of such patients.
Relationship Between Regional Cardiac Hyperinnervation and Ventricular Arrhythmia
Authors: Ji-Min Cao, Michael C. Fishbein, Jay B. Han, William W. Lai, Angela C. Lai, Tsu-Juey Wu, Lawrence Czer, Paul L. Wolf, Timothy A. Denton, I. Peter Shintaku, Peng-Sheng Chen, Lan S. Chen
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Sympathetic nerve activity is known to be important in ventricular arrhythmogenesis, but there is little information on the relation between the distribution of cardiac sympathetic nerves and the occurrence of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias in humans. Methods and Results —We studied 53 native hearts of transplant recipients, 5 hearts obtained at autopsy of patients who died of noncardiac causes, and 7 ventricular tissues that had been surgically resected from the origin of ventricular tachycardia. The history was reviewed to determine the presence (group 1A) or absence (group 1B) of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. Immunocytochemical staining for S100 protein, neurofilament protein, tyrosine hydroxylase, and protein gene product 9.5 was performed to study the distribution and the density of sympathetic nerves. The average left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.22±0.07. A total of 30 patients had documented ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death. A regional increase in sympathetic nerves was observed around the diseased myocardium and blood vessels in all 30 hearts. The density of nerve fibers as determined morphometrically was significantly higher in group 1A patients (total nerve number 19.6±11.2/mm 2 , total nerve length 3.3±3.0 mm/mm 2 ) than in group 1B patients (total nerve number 13.5±6.1/mm 2 , total nerve length 2.0±1.1 mm/mm 2 , P &lt;0.05 and P &lt;0.01, respectively). Conclusions —There is an association between a history of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia and an increased density of sympathetic nerves in patients with severe heart failure. These findings suggest that abnormally increased postinjury sympathetic nerve density may be in part responsible for the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in these patients.
Gender Eugenics? The Ethics of PGD for Intersex Conditions
Authors: Robert Sparrow
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

This article discusses the ethics of the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to prevent the birth of children with intersex conditions/disorders of sex development (DSDs), such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). While pediatric surgeries performed on children with ambiguous genitalia have been the topic of intense bioethical controversy, there has been almost no discussion to date of the ethics of the use of PGD to reduce the prevalence of these conditions. I suggest that PGD for those conditions that involve serious medical risks for those born with them is morally permissible and that PGD for other "cosmetic" variations in sexual anatomy is more defensible than might first appear. However, importantly, the arguments that establish the latter claim have radical and disturbing implications for our attitude toward diversity more generally.
Government told to revise guidance on payments for continuing care
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The UK government has been found guilty of “maladministration” over rebates paid to elderly and disabled people who have tried to claim back money they spent on continuing care.

The parliamentary and health service ombudsman, Ann Abraham, has ruled that the Department of Health issued “unclear and inconsistent” guidance to the NHS on this matter and insisted that new guidance be published, which is expected this week.

A growing number of complaints have been made to the ombudsman's office from people who have made claims for reimbursement retrospectively—as recommended in 2003 …
Thirteenth Biannual Report of the Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group--Focus on Multiple Myeloma
Authors: K. Bauer, M. Rancea, B. Schmidtke, S. Kluge, I. Monsef, K. Hubel, A. Engert, N. Skoetz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

This 13th biannual report of the Cochrane Hematological Malignancies Group highlights recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the field of hemato-oncology, covering the publication period from July 2010 to February 2011. Implications for clinical practice and methodological aspects are the main principles for selecting trials for this report. Studies were identified by an electronic search of MEDLINE using a broad search filter that covers all topics in hemato-oncology combined with a highly sensitive search filter for randomized trials (Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions). The electronic search of the OVID MEDLINE database was conducted on February 28, 2011. In this summary of key features of recent RCTs, we focus on multiple myeloma (MM). Of the 62 identified RCTs, 15 evaluated different treatment approaches in patients with MM. Five of these 15 trials are selected and presented in detail [three in long version (1–3) and two in short version (4,5)]. Three further RCTs of clinical importance are also presented in less detail (6–8).
Individual and combined effects of DNA methylation and copy number alterations on miRNA expression in breast tumors
Authors: Miriam Ragle Aure, Suvi-Katri Leivonen, Thomas Fleischer, Qian Zhu, Jens Overgaard, Jan Alsner, Trine Tramm, Riku Louhimo, Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs, Merja Perälä, Florence Busato, Nizar Touleimat, Jörg Tost, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Sampsa Hautaniemi, Olga G Troyanskaya, Ole Christian Lingjærde, Kristine Kleivi Sahlberg, Vessela N Kristensen
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

The global effect of copy number and epigenetic alterations on miRNA expression in cancer is poorly understood. In the present study, we integrate genome-wide DNA methylation, copy number and miRNA expression and identify genetic mechanisms underlying miRNA dysregulation in breast cancer.We identify 70 miRNAs whose expression was associated with alterations in copy number or methylation, or both. Among these, five miRNA families are represented. Interestingly, the members of these families are encoded on different chromosomes and are complementarily altered by gain or hypomethylation across the patients. In an independent breast cancer cohort of 123 patients, 41 of the 70 miRNAs were confirmed with respect to aberration pattern and association to expression. In vitro functional experiments were performed in breast cancer cell lines with miRNA mimics to evaluate the phenotype of the replicated miRNAs. let-7e-3p, which in tumors is found associated with hypermethylation, is shown to induce apoptosis and reduce cell viability, and low let-7e-3p expression is associated with poorer prognosis. The overexpression of three other miRNAs associated with copy number gain, miR-21-3p, miR-148b-3p and miR-151a-5p, increases proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. In addition, miR-151a-5p enhances the levels of phosphorylated AKT protein.Our data provide novel evidence of the mechanisms behind miRNA dysregulation in breast cancer. The study contributes to the understanding of how methylation and copy number alterations influence miRNA expression, emphasizing miRNA functionality through redundant encoding, and suggests novel miRNAs important in breast cancer.
P119 Pleural Service Provision and Training Opportunities in a District General Hospital in North East Lincolnshire
Authors: V Daripally, A Almulla, H O’Flynn
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> BTS Pleural disease guidelines in 2010 strongly recommend thoracic ultrasound guidance for all pleural procedures for pleural fluid, and at least level 1 competency is required to safely perform independent thoracic ultrasound. In line with this, our Respiratory department developed a dedicated pleural service over a span of last 10 months. Here we report the pleural service at our hospital and training opportunities for senior and junior level trainees. <h3>Method</h3> We retrospectively assessed all the scans done by the Respiratory Department since start of our pleural service in september 2011 <h3>Results</h3> The total number of ultrasound scans done, based on the radiological appearance of pleural effusion –154 patients x 2 sides=308. Males 100 (200 scans), and females 54 (108 scans). Age of the patient ranging from 30 to 94 with average age of 71 yrs. Ultrasound findings include unilateral effusions in 129 patients, bilateral in 18, and no effusion in 7 patients. Total 100 pleural procedures (diagnostic/therapeutic inspirations, chest drain insertion) were done under ultrasound guidance, and had only 1 complication of pneumothorax. This is thought possibly be due to ‘trapped lung’. In 79 patients the effusion was small on chest x-ray, and out of which 41 patients we aspirated under guidance, but in 38 patients (48% of small effusions and 25% of all scans) the effusion was too small to be aspirated safely even under ultrasound guidance, so not intervened. pH of the pleural fluid ranged from 6.25–7.69. 16 patients had pH&lt;7.2, out of which 5 were empyema, 3 malignancy, and 3 rheumatoid. Pleural fluid cytology was positive for malignancy in 18 patients, and microbiology was positive in 6 patients. AAFB was negative in all patients. During the last 6 months, 2 Consultants’ and 3 Specialist Registrars’ achieved level 1 competency and working towards level 2. We have 3 half a day fixed sessions each week, and so far we have trained 8 junior level (include CT2, CT1, FY2, FY1) trainees who managed to attend our pleural sessions. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Setting up a dedicated ultrasound guided pleural service vastly minimises the complications associated with pleural procedures, improves patient care, and provides great training opportunities for senior and junior level trainees. Our data strengthens the importance and safety of ultrasound guided pleural procedures.
Reasoning as deliberative in function but dialogic in structure and origin
Authors: Peter Godfrey-Smith, Kritika Yegnashankaran
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Mercier and Sperber (M&amp;S) claim that the main function of reasoning is to generate support for conclusions derived unconsciously. An alternative account holds that reasoning has a deliberative function even though it is an internalized analogue of public discourse. We sketch this alternative and compare it with M&amp;S's in the light of the empirical phenomena they discuss.
Cardiopoietic programming of embryonic stem cells for tumor-free heart repair
Authors: Atta Behfar, Carmen Perez-Terzic, Randolph S. Faustino, D. Kent Arrell, Denice M. Hodgson, Satsuki Yamada, Michel Puceat, Nicolas Niederländer, Alexey E Alekseev, Leonid V. Zingman, Andre Terzic
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Embryonic stem cells have the distinct potential for tissue regeneration, including cardiac repair. Their propensity for multilineage differentiation carries, however, the liability of neoplastic growth, impeding therapeutic application. Here, the tumorigenic threat associated with embryonic stem cell transplantation was suppressed by cardiac-restricted transgenic expression of the reprogramming cytokine TNF-α, enhancing the cardiogenic competence of recipient heart. The in vivo aptitude of TNF-α to promote cardiac differentiation was recapitulated in embryoid bodies in vitro. The procardiogenic action required an intact endoderm and was mediated by secreted cardio-inductive signals. Resolved TNF-α–induced endoderm-derived factors, combined in a cocktail, secured guided differentiation of embryonic stem cells in monolayers produce cardiac progenitors termed cardiopoietic cells. Characterized by a down-regulation of oncogenic markers, up-regulation, and nuclear translocation of cardiac transcription factors, this predetermined population yielded functional cardiomyocyte progeny. Recruited cardiopoietic cells delivered in infarcted hearts generated cardiomyocytes that proliferated into scar tissue, integrating with host myocardium for tumor-free repair. Thus, cardiopoietic programming establishes a strategy to hone stem cell pluripotency, offering a tumor-resistant approach for regeneration.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate/adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS), innate immune responses, and viral hepatitis
Authors: Eloi R. Verrier, Michaela U. Gack, Thomas F. Baumert, J W Schoggins, D A MacDuff, N Imanaka, M D Gainey, B Shrestha, J L Eitson
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Abstract The type I interferon (IFN) response protects cells from viral infection by inducing hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), some of which encode direct antiviral effectors. Recent screening studies have begun to catalogue ISGs with antiviral activity against several RNA and DNA viruses. However, antiviral ISG specificity across multiple distinct classes of viruses remains largely unexplored. Here we used an ectopic expression assay to screen a library of more than 350 human ISGs for effects on 14 viruses representing 7 families and 11 genera. We show that 47 genes inhibit one or more viruses, and 25 genes enhance virus infectivity. Comparative analysis reveals that the screened ISGs target positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses more effectively than negative-sense single stranded RNA viruses. Gene clustering highlights the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, also known as MB21D1) as a gene whose expression also broadly inhibits several RNA viruses. In vitro, lentiviral delivery of enzymatically active cGAS triggers a STING-dependent, IRF3-mediated antiviral program that functions independently of canonical IFN/STAT1 signalling. In vivo, genetic ablation of murine cGAS reveals its requirement in the antiviral response to two DNA viruses, and an unappreciated contribution to the innate control of an RNA virus. These studies uncover new paradigms for the preferential specificity of IFN-mediated antiviral pathways spanning several virus families.
Afferent lymph–derived T cells and DCs use different chemokine receptor CCR7–dependent routes for entry into the lymph node and intranodal migration
Authors: Asolina Braun, Tim Worbs, G Leandros Moschovakis, Stephan Halle, Katharina Hoffmann, Jasmin Bölter, Anika Münk, Reinhold Förster
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 and Cancer: A Role in Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: G. Tosato, M. Segarra, O. Salvucci
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

Although mutations in genes that regulate essential pathways for cell growth are critical to cancer development and progression, nonmalignant cells that surround the tumor and compose the tumor microenvironment can also modulate tumor growth.Understanding the molecular basis for interplay between the tumor and its microenvironment represents a current challenge in cancer research and a therapeutic opportunity.Cytosolic phospholipase A2a (cPLA2a) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes membrane glycerophospholipids to form arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids (1), initiating a cascade that leads to the
Coronary Insufficiency: Relations Between Hemodynamic, Electrical, and Biochemical Parameters
Authors: James Scheuer, Norman Brachfeld
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Perfusion of the left coronary artery of open chest dogs at fixed control and ischemic flow rates demonstrated that ST alterations in the electrocardiogram were always associated with significant hemodynamic and metabolic changes. Decreased pressure time per minute, atrial hypertension, increased myocardial oxygen extraction, and the presence of excess lactate accompanied ischemia. In three dogs, hemodynamic changes, the presence of "excess lactate," or both, preceded significant electrocardiographic changes. Whenever coronary flow was insufficient to meet myocardial oxygen demands, a series of metabolic shifts occurred. The most significant of these was inadequate aerobic energy production and stimulation of anaerobic glycolysis. This acceleration of anaerobic myocardial metabolism may be present without notably altering the surface electrocardiogram. The absence of ST shifts does not rule out the presence of concomitant and potentially severe myocardial ischemia.
Blocking Fas Ligand on Leukocytes Attenuates Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Gang Jee Ko, Hye Ryoun Jang, Yanfei Huang, Karl L. Womer, Manchang Liu, Elizabeth Higbee, Zuoxiang Xiao, Hideo Yagita, Lorraine Racusen, Abdel Rahim A. Hamad, Hamid Rabb
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), and T cells mediate the early phase of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) pathway modulates the balance of T cell subsets in the peripheral circulation as well as multiple inflammatory responses, suggesting that FasL may mediate ischemic AKI. Here, we induced bilateral renal IRI in mice bearing a loss-of-function mutation of FasL (the gld mutation) and in wild-type mice. Compared with wild-type mice, serum creatinine was lower in gld mice (1.4 ± 0.9 mg/dl versus 2.6 ± 0.4) at 24 hours after IRI (P < 0.05). In addition, gld mice had fewer TNF-α-producing T lymphocytes in the kidneys and renal lymph nodes. Furthermore, pharmacologic blockade of FasL protected the kidneys of wild-type mice from IRI. Analysis of bone marrow chimeric mice suggested that the pathogenic effect of FasL involves leukocytes; reconstitution of wild-type mice with gld splenocytes attenuated IRI. In contrast, reconstitution of gld mice with wild-type splenocytes enhanced IRI. These data demonstrate that FasL, particularly on leukocytes, mediates ischemic AKI.
Association of socioeconomic position with insulin resistance among children from Denmark, Estonia, and Portugal: cross sectional study
Authors: Debbie A Lawlor, Maarike Harro, Niels Wedderkopp, Lars Bo Andersen, Luis B Sardinha, Chris J Riddoch, Angie S Page, Sigmund A Anderssen, Karsten Froberg, David Stansbie, George Davey Smith
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To examine the association between socioeconomic position and insulin resistance in children from three countries in northern Europe (Denmark), eastern Europe (Estonia), and southern Europe (Portugal) that have different physical, economic, and cultural environments. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional study. <b>Participants</b> 3189 randomly selected schoolchildren aged 9 and 15 years from Denmark (n = 933), Estonia (n = 1103), and Portugal (n = 1153). <b>Main outcome measure</b> Insulin resistance (homoeostasis model assessment). <b>Results</b> Family income and parental education were inversely associated with insulin resistance in Danish children but were positively associated with insulin resistance in Estonian and Portuguese children. Among Danish children, insulin resistance was 24% lower (95% confidence interval −38% to −10%) in those whose fathers had the most education compared with those with the least education. The equivalent results were 15% (2% to 28%) higher for Estonia and 19% (2% to 36%) higher for Portugal. These associations remained after adjustment for a range of covariates: −20% (−36% to −5%) for Denmark, 10% (−4% to 24%) for Estonia, and 18% (−1% to 31%) for Portugal. Strong statistical evidence supported differences between the associations in Denmark and those in the other two countries in both unadjusted and adjusted models (all P &lt; 0.03). <b>Conclusions</b> Among Danish children, those with the most educated and highest earning parents had least insulin resistance, whereas the opposite was true for children from Estonia and Portugal.
A randomized phase II study comparing paclitaxel–carboplatin–bevacizumab with or without nitroglycerin patches in patients with stage IV nonsquamous nonsmall-cell lung cancer: NVALT12 (NCT01171170)
Authors: A.-M. C. Dingemans, H.J.M. Groen, G.J.M. Herder, J.A. Stigt, E.F. Smit, I. Bahce, J.A. Burgers, B.E.E.M. van den Borne, B. Biesma, A. Vincent, V. van der Noort, J.G. Aerts
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)