tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dose-finding study of imatinib in combination with intravenous cytarabine: feasibility in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wendy Deenik, Bronno van der Holt, Gregor E. G. Verhoef, Willem M. Smit, Marie J. Kersten, Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans, Leo F. Verdonck, Augustin Ferrant, Anton V. M. B. Schattenberg, Jeroen J. W. M. Janssen, Pieter Sonneveld, Marinus van Marwijk Kooy, Shulamit Wittebol, Roelof Willemze, Pierre W. Wijermans, Petra H. M. Westveer, H. Berna Beverloo, Peter Valk, Bob Löwenberg, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Jan J. Cornelissen
Journal: Blood (2008)
316 Cotransport of glutathione and bile acids via OATP8/1133. Potential role in the basolateral efflux of cholephilic organic anions from hepatocytes in cholestatic liver diseases
Authors: M.R. Romero, P. Martinez-Becerra, O. Briz, R.I.R. Macias, M.J. Perez, E. Jimenez, E. Gonzalez San Martin, J.J.G. Marin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Extended recombinant human growth hormone treatment after renal transplantation in children.
Authors: R N Fine, O Yadin, L Moulten, P A Nelson, M I Boechat, B H Lippe
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) was administered to 13 pediatric renal allograft recipients, ages 7.6 to 17.7 yr, who were 14 to 92 months posttransplant and growth retarded as manifested by either a standard deviation (SD) more negative than -2.00 or a height velocity index of less than 25%. The rhGH was given either daily or thrice weekly (0.375 mg/kg/wk) for a period of 12 to 36 months. Growth velocity increased from 2.7 +/- 2.1 SD for the 12-month period before the initiation of treatment of 6.3 +/- 2.9 SD (P less than 0.00005) and 5.2 +/- 2.9 SD (P less than 0.02) after 12 and 24 months of treatment, respectively. Although individual recipients had improvement in their SD scores, the mean values did not increase despite the increased growth velocity. Except for a 0.5-yr increase over 24 months in two recipients, the bone age did not increase at a rate greater than the increase in chronologic age. Four rejection episodes occurred in two recipients during rhGH treatment--an incidence not greater than that which occurred during a comparable time interval before the initiation of treatment. The calculated creatinine clearance declined from 66 +/- 26 SD mL/min/1.73 m2 at the initiation of treatment to 55 +/- 30 SD mL/min/1.73 m2 at 24 months and 52 +/- 28 SD mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A case of cough and breathlessness
Authors: Georgina Esterbrook, Ian Molyneux, Andrew L Clark, Alyn H Morice
Journal: Thorax (2012)

GE: A 64-year-old man never smoker with a history of dyspnoea and cough was referred for a respiratory opinion. The cough was sporadic but progressive over a 9 month period. It was associated with unpredictable, brief nocturnal paroxysms of breathlessness. There were also coughing bouts associated with phonation and with meals but no sputum production, fever or weight loss. There was no significant past medical history and he was not taking any medication. Physical examination was unremarkable.

IM: This gentleman presents with a chronic, non-productive cough and episodic breathlessness. The duration of his symptoms makes an infective cause unlikely and in the absence of a smoking history, the most likely diagnosis is an asthmatic cough. However, in this age group, a de novo presentation of asthma is unusual and other common causes of chronic cough such as gastro-oesophageal reflux should be considered. There are no specific pointers to a rarer diagnosis or to lung cancer; however, the latter must be actively excluded. Cough and dyspnoea are common manifestations of bronchiecetasis, interstitial lung disease and left ventricular failure but one would expect other associated features. Further investigations are required to clarify the differential diagnosis.

GE: Chest radiograph was normal with no cardiomegaly and normal lung fields. Spirometry was normal (forced expiratory volume in the first second 2.9L, 95% predicted; forced vital capacity 3.6L, 91%; maximal expiratory flow 50 130%). There was poor R wave progression on ECG and an echocardiogram showed left ventricular hypertrophy with an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 44 mm Hg+right atrial pressure. Left ventricular systolic function was reported as good. He achieved 525 m on a 6-min walk with no desaturation on oximetry but …
Change in mental health after smoking cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: G. Taylor, A. McNeill, A. Girling, A. Farley, N. Lindson-Hawley, P. Aveyard
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate change in mental health after smoking cessation compared with continuing to smoke. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. <b>Data sources</b> Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO for relevant studies from inception to April 2012. Reference lists of included studies were hand searched, and authors were contacted when insufficient data were reported. <b>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies</b> Longitudinal studies of adults that assessed mental health before smoking cessation and at least six weeks after cessation or baseline in healthy and clinical populations. <b>Results</b> 26 studies that assessed mental health with questionnaires designed to measure anxiety, depression, mixed anxiety and depression, psychological quality of life, positive affect, and stress were included. Follow-up mental health scores were measured between seven weeks and nine years after baseline. Anxiety, depression, mixed anxiety and depression, and stress significantly decreased between baseline and follow-up in quitters compared with continuing smokers: the standardised mean differences (95% confidence intervals) were anxiety −0.37 (95% confidence interval −0.70 to −0.03); depression −0.25 (−0.37 to −0.12); mixed anxiety and depression −0.31 (−0.47 to −0.14); stress −0.27 (−0.40 to −0.13). Both psychological quality of life and positive affect significantly increased between baseline and follow-up in quitters compared with continuing smokers 0.22 (0.09 to 0.36) and 0.40 (0.09 to 0.71), respectively). There was no evidence that the effect size differed between the general population and populations with physical or psychiatric disorders. <b>Conclusions</b> Smoking cessation is associated with reduced depression, anxiety, and stress and improved positive mood and quality of life compared with continuing to smoke. The effect size seems as large for those with psychiatric disorders as those without. The effect sizes are equal or larger than those of antidepressant treatment for mood and anxiety disorders.
Substance P reduces TNF-α-induced apoptosis in human tenocytes through NK-1 receptor stimulation
Authors: Ludvig J Backman, Daniella E Eriksson, Patrik Danielson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

It has been hypothesised that an upregulation of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and its preferred receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1 R), is a causative factor in inducing tenocyte hypercellularity, a characteristic of tendinosis, through both proliferative and antiapoptotic stimuli. We have demonstrated earlier that SP stimulates proliferation of human tenocytes in culture.The aim of this study was to investigate whether SP can mediate an antiapoptotic effect in tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced apoptosis of human tenocytes in vitro.A majority (approximately 75%) of tenocytes in culture were immunopositive for TNF Receptor-1 and TNF Receptor-2. Exposure of the cells to TNF-α significantly decreased cell viability, as shown with crystal violet staining. TNF-α furthermore significantly increased the amount of caspase-10 and caspase-3 mRNA, as well as both BID and cleaved-poly ADP ribosome polymerase (c-PARP) protein. Incubation of SP together with TNF-α resulted in a decreased amount of BID and c-PARP, and in a reduced lactate dehydrogenase release, as compared to incubation with TNF-α alone. The SP effect was blocked with a NK-1 R inhibitor.This study shows that SP, through stimulation of the NK-1 R, has the ability to reduce TNF-α-induced apoptosis of human tenocytes. Considering that SP has previously been shown to stimulate tenocyte proliferation, the study confirms SP as a potent regulator of cell-turnover in tendon tissue, capable of stimulating hypercellularity through different mechanisms. This gives further support for the theory that the upregulated amount of SP seen in tendinosis could contribute to hypercellularity.
Euthanasia: Present law protects doctors and patients
Authors: A M Smith, R Twycross, P Madeley, J Gilbert, V Ventafridda, H J Thomson, A Fergusson, P Saunders, I G Finlay, P Norris, B Ward, P Tate
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Medical wastes found on coastline are increasingEDrroR,-Last year we reported, on the basis of data from Norwich Union Coastwatch UK, that in 1991 one item of medical waste was found per 5-4 km of coastline surveyed in England and Wales.'In 1992 the findings were similar,2 but in both studies unspecified medical items accounted for more than 48% of the waste.Injuries are being sustained-for example, 40 needlestick accidents on bathing beaches were reported between 1988 and 1991 to the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre.At 1992 prices the cost of hepatitis B immunoglobulin used in the management of these incidents was
Toll-Like Receptor 4–Induced IL-22 Accelerates Kidney Regeneration
Authors: Onkar P. Kulkarni, Ingo Hartter, Shrikant R. Mulay, Jan Hagemann, Murthy N. Darisipudi, Santhosh Kumar VR, Simone Romoli, Dana Thomasova, Mi Ryu, Sebastian Kobold, Hans-Joachim Anders
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

AKI involves early Toll-like receptor (TLR)-driven immunopathology, and resolution of inflammation is needed for rapid regeneration of injured tubule cells. Notably, activation of TLRs also has been implicated in epithelial repair. We hypothesized that TLR signaling drives tubule regeneration after acute injury through the induction of certain ILs. Systematic screening in vitro identified IL-22 as a candidate proregeneratory factor in primary tubular cell recovery, and IL-22 deficiency or IL-22 blockade impaired post-ischemic tubular recovery after AKI in mice. Interstitial mononuclear cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, were the predominant source of IL-22 secretion, whereas IL-22 receptor was expressed by tubular epithelial cells exclusively. Depleting IL-22-producing cells during the healing phase impaired epithelial recovery, which could be rescued entirely by reconstituting mice with IL-22. In vitro, necrotic tubular cells and oxidative stress induced IL-22 secretion selectively through TLR4. Although TLR4 blockade during the early injury phase prevented tubular necrosis and AKI, TLR4 blockade during the healing phase suppressed IL-22 production and impaired kidney regeneration. Taken together, these results suggest that necrotic cell-derived TLR4 agonists activate intrarenal mononuclear cells to secrete IL-22, which accelerates tubular regeneration and recovery in AKI.
Phase II Study of Picoplatin As Second-Line Therapy for Patients With Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: John R. Eckardt, Dimitri L. Bentsion, Oleg N. Lipatov, Igor S. Polyakov, Frederick R. MacKintosh, David A. Karlin, Gizelle S. Baker, Hazel B. Breitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

This study was designed to confirm the efficacy and safety of picoplatin, a cisplatin analog designed to overcome platinum resistance, in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) with platinum-refractory/-resistant disease.All patients received intravenous picoplatin 150 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks. Tumor response, progression-free survival, and overall survival were evaluated. Adverse events were assessed for frequency, severity, and relationship to treatment. Quality of life was assessed with the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale instrument.Seventy-seven patients were treated with picoplatin (median number of cycles, two; range one to 10). Three patients (4%) had a partial response, 33 (43%) had stable disease (four of these were unconfirmed partial responses), 36 (47%) had progressive disease, and five were not assessable for response. Median progression-free survival was 9.1 weeks (95% CI, 7.0 to 12.1 weeks). Median overall survival was 26.9 weeks (95% CI, 21.1 to 33.4). The most common grade 3 and 4 toxicities were thrombocytopenia (48%), neutropenia (25%), and anemia (20%). The most commonly reported adverse events of any severity included thrombocytopenia (64%), anemia (49%), neutropenia (39%), nausea (27%), fatigue (16%), and dyspnea (16%). No severe neurotoxicity or nephrotoxicity were observed. There were no treatment-related deaths.Picoplatin demonstrated clinical efficacy in platinum-refractory SCLC. The major toxicity was hematologic. These results warrant further evaluation in this patient population.
Engineering Applications of Biomolecular Motors
Authors: Henry Hess
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2011)

Biomolecular motors, in particular motor proteins from the kinesin and myosin families, can be used to explore engineering applications of molecular motors in general. Their outstanding performance enables the experimental study of hybrid systems, where bio-inspired functions such as sensing, actuation, and transport rely on the nanoscale generation of mechanical force. Scaling laws and theoretical studies demonstrate the optimality of biomolecular motor designs and inform the development of synthetic molecular motors.
Whispered voice test for screening for hearing impairment in adults and children: systematic review
Authors: Sandi Pirozzo, Tracey Papinczak, Paul Glasziou
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the accuracy of the whispered voice test in detecting hearing impairment in adults and children. <b>Design</b> Systematic review of studies of test accuracy. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, unpublished theses, manual searching of bibliographies of known primary and review articles, and contact with authors. <b>Study selection</b> Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data on study characteristics, quality, and accuracy of studies. Studies were included if they had cross sectional designs, at least one of the index tests was the whispered voice test, and the reference test (audiometry) was performed on at least 80% of the participants. <b>Data extraction</b> Data were used to form 2 x2 contingency tables with hearing impairment by audiometry as the reference standard. <b>Data synthesis</b> The eight studies that were found used six different techniques. The sensitivity in the four adult studies was 90% or 100% and the specificity was 70% to 87%. The sensitivity in the four childhood studies ranged from 80% to 96% and specificity ranged from 90% to 98%. <b>Conclusion</b> The whispered voice test is a simple and accurate test for detecting hearing impairment. There is some concern regarding the lower sensitivity in children and the overall reproducibility of the test, particularly in primary care settings. Further studies should be conducted in primary care settings to explore the influence of components of the testing procedure to optimise test sensitivity and to promote standardisation of the testing procedure.
Childhood Cancer Epidemiology in New Mexico's American Indians, Hispanic Whites, and Non-Hispanic Whites, 1970–82&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M H Duncan, C L Wiggins, J M Samet, C R Key
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The statewide population-based New Mexico Tumor Registry identified 473 malignant tumors among children of ages 0-14 years, during the period 1970-82. There were 235 non-Hispanic whites (50%), 189 Hispanic whites (40%), 38 American Indians (8%), and 11 other nonwhites (2%). The average annual age-adjusted incidence rates per million for non-Hispanic whites were 138.6 for males and 108.3 for females; for Hispanic whites, the rates were 108.5 for males and 80.9 for females; for American Indians, the rates were 75.5 for males and 78.0 for females. The incidence rates for all sites of cancer combined were lower for Hispanics and American Indians than for New Mexico's non-Hispanic whites and U.S. whites. Leukemia was the most common cancer in all racial-ethnic groups. In comparison with U.S. whites, American Indians were at low risk for leukemias, lymphomas, central nervous system (CNS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and kidney tumors and were at high risk for retinoblastoma, bone, and sex organ tumors. Hispanics were at low risk for CNS, SNS, kidney, sex organ, and liver tumors. Hispanic and non-Hispanic white males both were at increased risk for melanoma.
Gut microbiome and liver diseases
Authors: Herbert Tilg, Patrice D Cani, Emeran A Mayer
Journal: Gut (2016)

The gut microbiota has recently evolved as a new important player in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. The liver is the organ which is in closest contact with the intestinal tract, and is exposed to a substantial amount of bacterial components and metabolites. Various liver disorders such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis have been associated with an altered microbiome. This dysbiosis may influence the degree of hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis through multiple interactions with the host9s immune system and other cell types. Whereas few results from clinical metagenomic studies in liver disease are available, evidence is accumulating that in liver cirrhosis an oral microbiome is overrepresented in the lower intestinal tract, potentially contributing to disease process and severity. A major role for the gut microbiota in liver disorders is also supported by the accumulating evidence that several complications of severe liver disease such as hepatic encephalopathy are efficiently treated by various prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics. A better understanding of the gut microbiota and its components in liver diseases might provide a more complete picture of these complex disorders and also form the basis for novel therapies.
Phylogeography Takes a Relaxed Random Walk in Continuous Space and Time
Authors: P. Lemey, A. Rambaut, J. J. Welch, M. A. Suchard
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Research aimed at understanding the geographic context of evolutionary histories is burgeoning across biological disciplines. Recent endeavors attempt to interpret contemporaneous genetic variation in the light of increasingly detailed geographical and environmental observations. Such interest has promoted the development of phylogeographic inference techniques that explicitly aim to integrate such heterogeneous data. One promising development involves reconstructing phylogeographic history on a continuous landscape. Here, we present a Bayesian statistical approach to infer continuous phylogeographic diffusion using random walk models while simultaneously reconstructing the evolutionary history in time from molecular sequence data. Moreover, by accommodating branch-specific variation in dispersal rates, we relax the most restrictive assumption of the standard Brownian diffusion process and demonstrate increased statistical efficiency in spatial reconstructions of overdispersed random walks by analyzing both simulated and real viral genetic data. We further illustrate how drawing inference about summary statistics from a fully specified stochastic process over both sequence evolution and spatial movement reveals important characteristics of a rabies epidemic. Together with recent advances in discrete phylogeographic inference, the continuous model developments furnish a flexible statistical framework for biogeographical reconstructions that is easily expanded upon to accommodate various landscape genetic features.
Surgical treatment for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective seven month follow up study
Authors: M Paavola, P Kannus, S Orava, M Pasanen, M Järvinen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

Objective: To prospectively assess the early results of surgical treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Methods: This seven month prospective follow up study assessed the short term results of surgical treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy and compared the subjective and functional outcome of patients with Achilles tendinopathy without a local intratendinous lesion (group A) with that of similar patients with such a lesion (group B). Forty two of the initial 50 patients were examined before surgery and after the seven month follow up. Evaluation included an interview, subjective evaluation, clinical tests, and a performance test. Results: At the follow up, physical activity was fully restored in 28 of the 42 patients (67%), and 35 patients (83%) were asymptomatic or had only mild pain during strenuous exercise. In clinical tests, significant improvements were observed in climbing up and down stairs and the rising on the toes test. Surgical treatment also seemed to be successful from the total test score, which was excellent or good in 35 patients, compared with before surgery when it was excellent or good in one patient only. Patients in group A fared better than those in group B, whether evaluated by recovery of physical activity after surgery (88% v 54%) or the complication rate (6% v 27%). Conclusions: Surgical treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy gives good and acceptable short term results. A lower complication rate and a trend to better recovery was observed in patients with peritendinous adhesions only than in those with peritendinous adhesions combined with an intratendinous lesion.
Stem Cell Marker Nestin and c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinases in Tumor and Peritumor Areas of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Possible Prognostic Implications
Authors: Annunziato Mangiola, Gina Lama, Cecilia Giannitelli, Pasquale De Bonis, Carmelo Anile, Libero Lauriola, Giuseppe La Torre, Giovanni Sabatino, Giulio Maira, Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal, Gigliola Sica
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: It has been hypothesized that brain tumors are derived from stem cell or transiently dividing precursor transformation. Furthermore, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) have been involved in gliomagenesis. This study analyzes stem cell marker nestin and JNK expression in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and peritumor tissue and assesses their possible prognostic implications. Experimental Design: Nestin and both total JNK (tJNK) and phosphorylated JNK (pJNK) expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 20 GBMs. Samples were derived from tumors (first area), from tissues at a distance &amp;lt;1 cm (second area), and between 1 and 3.5 cm (third area) from the macroscopic tumor border. The relationships between patients' age, Karnofsky performance status, gender, protein expression, and survival were analyzed. Results: Nestin cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was observed in the majority of cells in tumor but infrequently in peritumor areas. tJNK, observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, was widely expressed in the three areas; pJNK, mostly located in the nuclei, was found in a variable percentage of cells in the tumor and peritumor tissue. Nestin and JNK expression in peritumor areas was independent of the presence of neoplastic cells. Univariate analysis indicated that survival was longer (19 versus 12 months; P = 0.01) for patients whose pJNK/nestin and (pJNK/tJNK)/nestin ratios in the second area were ≥2.619 and ≥0.026, respectively. The same variables showed an independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Nestin and JNK expression indicates that peritumor tissue, independently of the presence of neoplastic cells, may present signs of transformation. Moreover, pJNK/nestin and (pJNK/tJNK)/nestin ratios in that tissue seem to have some prognostic implications in GBM patients.