tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in cyclists' performance. Part I. The British Olympic road race squad.
Authors: J. A. White, G. Quinn, M. Al-Dawalibi, J. Mulhall
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1982)

British Olympic road squad cyclists were monitored during the 1980 racing season to evaluate training for the Moscow Games. Riders demonstrated reductions in body fat index, % body fat and endomorphy (p greater than .05). Graded exercise, using a "Racermate" wind load simulator/racing cycle ergometer system, showed reduced cardiovascular demands to warm-up exercise, and increased cardiovascular index, VO2 maximum, aerobic/anaerobic threshold shifts during maximal exercise (NS), with no changes in gearing, equivalent road speed, absolute/relative power output and leg power. Compared with "non-select" riders demonstrated lower body fat index, % body fat and endomorphy (p greater than .05), higher Hb and PCV % (p greater than .05) and elevated neuroticism and extraversion (p greater than .05). Furthermore, "select" riders demonstrated lower HR and CV index during warm-up exercise (p greater than .05), and elevated CV index, VO2 maximum, aerobic/anerobic thresholds during maximal exercise (p greater than .05), resulting from higher gearing, equivalent road speed and absolute/relative power output (p greater than .05).
CBS domains form energy-sensing modules whose binding of adenosine ligands is disrupted by disease mutations
Authors: John W. Scott, Simon A. Hawley, Kevin A. Green, Miliea Anis, Greg Stewart, Gillian A. Scullion, David G. Norman, D. Grahame Hardie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

CBS domains are defined as sequence motifs that occur in several different proteins in all kingdoms of life. Although thought to be regulatory, their exact functions have been unknown. However, their importance was underlined by findings that mutations in conserved residues within them cause a variety of human hereditary diseases, including (with the gene mutated in parentheses): Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (γ2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase); retinitis pigmentosa (IMP dehydrogenase-1); congenital myotonia, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, and classic Bartter syndrome (CLC chloride channel family members); and homocystinuria (cystathionine β-synthase). AMP-activated protein kinase is a sensor of cellular energy status that is activated by AMP and inhibited by ATP, but the location of the regulatory nucleotide-binding sites (which are prime targets for drugs to treat obesity and diabetes) was not characterized. We now show that tandem pairs of CBS domains from AMP-activated protein kinase, IMP dehydrogenase-2, the chloride channel CLC2, and cystathionine β-synthase bind AMP, ATP, or S-adenosyl methionine,while mutations that cause hereditary diseases impair this binding. This shows that tandem pairs of CBS domains act, in most cases, as sensors of cellular energy status and, as such, represent a newly identified class of binding domain for adenosine derivatives.
Haemostatic factors associated with vascular thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the lupus anticoagulant.
Authors: T Mayumi, K Nagasawa, T Inoguchi, Y Yamauchi, Y Ishii, Y Tada, F Umeda, Y Niho
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

To elucidate the mechanism of vascular thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the lupus anticoagulant changes in factors associated with haemostasis were investigated. The lupus anticoagulant was associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis, particularly cerebral thrombosis. Concentrations of fibrinopeptide A and fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42 were significantly raised in the plasma of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the anticoagulant compared with concentrations in patients without the lupus anticoagulant. The tendency towards formation of thrombosis was not found in all lupus patients with the anticoagulant, however. Concentrations of thromboxane B2 were remarkably raised in the plasma of the two patients with the lupus anticoagulant who had recently had thrombosis. Concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, protein C, antithrombin III, and plasminogen were similar in both groups. No significant decrease in serum stimulatory activity on prostacyclin production by cultured aortic endothelial cells was noted in lupus patients with the anticoagulant, but inhibition was present in the two patients with recent thrombosis. These results indicate that although patients with the lupus anticoagulant are not always in a hypercoagulable state, haemostatic abnormalities found in some patients with the anticoagulant may be predictive of thrombotic events.
HRS/ACC/AHA Expert Consensus Statement on the Use of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy in Patients Who Are Not Included or Not Well Represented in Clinical Trials
Authors: Fred M. Kusumoto, Hugh Calkins, John Boehmer, Alfred E. Buxton, Mina K. Chung, Michael R. Gold, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Julia Indik, Richard Lee, Mandeep R. Mehra, Venu Menon, Richard L. Page, Win-Kuang Shen, David J. Slotwiner, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Paul D. Varosy, Lisa Welikovitch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Metabolic Syndrome (Emperor) Wears No Clothes
Authors: Richard Kahn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

There are several key features of the metabolic syndrome that virtually all interested individuals and organizations agree upon. First, that certain “metabolic” factors tend to associate with each other more often than chance would dictate. Second, these risk factors taken alone or in any possible combination are associated with an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Third, there is no definitive treatment for the “syndrome” per se. Rather, therapy is individualized according to the degree to which any specific risk factor(s) is present in a patient, and everyone with any risk factor(s) should be given lifestyle modification counseling. Finally, despite over 10,000 articles on the subject, there is much missing information.

It is this last fact that has lead to the concern and consternation voiced by some organizations (1) and individuals (2–6). That is, the basic question is whether we know enough about this constellation of risk factors to warrant adopting a unique clinical construct that has value to either physicians or patients. After all, the fundamental purpose of a medical label (diagnosis) is to inform physicians and/or patients to take (or not take) action that would otherwise be different.

In this issue of Diabetes Care (7) and recently elsewhere (8), Scott Grundy, MD, PhD, perhaps the chief proponent of the syndrome as a clinical construct, defends its existence with a variety of arguments. Although he suggests the basic disagreement is one of “differences in perspectives and biases [between the] cardiovascular and diabetes communities” (7) and that it may boil down to “how to integrate the metabolic syndrome into concepts of insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes” (8), in fact, the issues are much more fundamental, speak to the lack of a solid evidence base, and raise concerns that are critical to a core premise …
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the acute care setting: where are we?
Authors: N. Ambrosino, G. Vagheggini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is a technique used to deliver mechanical ventilation that is increasingly utilised in acute and chronic conditions. The present review examines the evidence supporting the use of NPPV in acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to different conditions. Strong evidence supports the use of NPPV for ARF to prevent endotracheal intubation (ETI), as well as to facilitate extubation in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to avoid ETI in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, and in immunocompromised patients. Weaker evidence supports the use of NPPV for patients with ARF due to asthma exacerbations, with post-operative or post-extubation ARF, pneumonia, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or during bronchoscopy. NPPV should be applied under close clinical and physiological monitoring for signs of treatment failure and, in such cases, ETI should be promptly available. A trained team, careful patient selection and optimal choice of devices can optimise outcome of NPPV. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is increasingly being used in the management of acute respiratory failure but caregivers must respect evidence-supported indications and avoid contraidincations. Additionally, the technique must be applied in the appropriate location by a trained team in order to avoid disappointing results.
Training responses of two age groups during treadmill walking.
Authors: D H Williams, E J Hamley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

The purpose of the present study was to use a previously developed treadmill walking test to determine training-induced changes within and between two groups of untrained men during a six week training period. One group consisted of seven middle-aged (mean age, 41.3 yr), and the second group consisted of seven young adult (mean age, 19.9 yr), men. Heart rates following training were significantly lower at all work intensities for the middle-aged men (p less than 0.005) whilst for the young adults only the 12.5% and 15% (p less than 0.025) work levels were significantly lower. Blood lactic acid concentrations (p less than 0.005), Respiratory Exchange Ratios (p less than 0.05), Ventilatory Equivalents (p less than 0.005) and mean Two Mile times (p less than 0.005) were all significantly lower after training for the older age group but this was not so for the younger adult group. The oxygen cost of the walking test was lower for four of the workloads of the middle-aged, but only for the final workload (p less than 0.005) for the young adults, after training. The performance test did not disadvantage the middle-aged subjects yet the results demonstrated that the test provided a common means of reflecting the training state of the two groups whether the level of activity took place on the treadmill or on the track.
Cystic fibrosis mortality and survival in the UK: 1947-2003
Authors: J. A. Dodge, P. A. Lewis, M. Stanton, J. Wilsher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Data up to 1995 on the survival of 3-yr cohorts of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) born in the UK in the period 1968-1992 have previously been published. The present study reports survival data up to the end of 2003 together with a 2003 population estimate. All subjects with CF born in the UK in the period 1968-1992 were identified up to 1997 by active enquiry through recognised CF clinics and other hospital consultants. Information from the death certification authorities up to the end of 2003 was added. Death certificates that could not be matched with UK Cystic Fibrosis Survey records were investigated and the data reconciled. The observed survival up to 2003 of CF patients born in 1978 was 55% for males and 49% for females. For 1988 and 1992 the data were 91 and 88%, and 97 and 96%, respectively. The estimated 2003 mid-year CF population was 8,284. The continuing improvement in survival of cystic fibrosis patients in successive cohorts means that the previous prediction of median survival of >50 yrs of age for individuals born in 2000 continues to look realistic, even in the absence of proven effective therapy aimed at correcting the basic cystic fibrosis defect.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of an oral platinum complex given daily for 5 days in patients with cancer.
Authors: M J McKeage, F Raynaud, J Ward, C Berry, D O'Dell, L R Kelland, B Murrer, P Santabárabara, K R Harrap, I R Judson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE We aimed to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) clinical toxicities, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral JM216 given once daily for 5 days to cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who fulfilled standard phase I trial criteria were enrolled. Oral JM216 was given at doses based on patient body-surface area, on an empty stomach, once daily for 5 consecutive days, as 10-, 50-, and 200-mg hard gelatin capsules and with oral antiemetics. The pharmacokinetics of platinum were studied on days 1 and 5 of the first treatment course using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). RESULTS Thirty-two patients received 94 courses of oral JM216 at doses that ranged from 30 to 140 mg/m2 body-surface area for 5 consecutive days. The MTD was 140 mg/m2/d. The dose-limiting toxicities were thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Hematotoxicity was reversible (nadir, 17 to 21 days; recovery, 28 days), noncumulative, and dependent on the dose and history of previous therapy. There were two instances of neutropenic sepsis. Two-thirds of patients experienced mild nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. There was no ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or objective tumor responses. There was a significant correlation between JM216 dose and the day 1 and 5 plasma ultrafiltrate area under the concentration-time curve (AUC; r = .78), which indicates linear pharmacokinetics. There was considerable intersubject pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability, but a significant sigmoidal relationship between the plasma ultrafiltrate AUC and severity of thrombocytopenia (R2 = .83). CONCLUSION We recommend JM216 doses of 100 and 120 mg/m2/d x 5 for previously treated and untreated patients, respectively, for phase II trials.
Counting and arithmetic principles first
Authors: Rochel Gelman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract The meaning and function of counting are subservient to the arithmetic principles of ordering, addition, and subtraction for positive cardinal values. Beginning language learners can take advantage of their nonverbal knowledge of counting and arithmetic principles to acquire sufficient knowledge of their initial verbal instantiations and move onto a relevant learning path to assimilate input for more advanced, abstract understandings.
Nasal NO: normal values in children age 6 through to 17 years
Authors: V. M. D. Struben, M. H. Wieringa, C. J. Mantingh, C. Bommeljé, M. Don, L. Feenstra, J. C. de Jongste
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

The present study is an assessment of normal values of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) in healthy children. Healthy children aged between 6–17 yrs were recruited from three schools in Rotterdam (The Netherlands). Breath was held for 10 s, while air was extracted from one nostril at 700 mL·min −1 . The mean nNO value at the response plateau after 7–10 s was recorded and the average of three measurements was used. In total, 340 children participated; the male:female ratio was 156:184. Three reliable measurements were available in 85% of the children. The nNO concentrations were distributed normally (mean 449 ppb, SD 115). They were not associated with sex, passive smoking or body mass index. In children aged &lt;12 yrs nNO correlated positively with age, history of adenoidectomy and ambient NO. In children aged ≥12 yrs ambient NO was the only significant modifier. Prediction rules for nNO values in children were formulated. In conclusion, the current study presents normal values for nasal nitric oxide in children, which can be used to assess the value of nasal nitric oxide in respiratory illnesses.
Higher asthma occurrence in an urban than a suburban area: role of house dust mite skin allergy
Authors: MH Wieringa, JJ Weyler, FJ Van Bastelaer, VJ Nelen, MP Van Sprundel, PA Vermeire
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Understanding of geographical differences in asthma prevalence may be helpful in explaining recent increases in the occurrence of asthma. We wondered whether differences in allergic sensitization or other factors could explain differences in reported occurrence of asthma between an urban centre and a neighbouring suburban area. From the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire, responses on asthma symptoms and risk factors and results of 11 skin allergy tests were available from 656 young adults living in urban or south suburban Antwerp, Belgium. Answers to five asthma questions were selected as dependent variables, and eight personal or environmental risk factors, as well as house dust mite (HDM) allergy, as independent variables. The effect of each independent variable on the association of asthma variables with area was assessed. Prior asthma diagnosis, present asthma symptoms, the selected risk factors and HDM allergy were all more frequently recorded in urban Antwerp. Difference in HDM allergy accounted for most of the difference in prior (mostly childhood) asthma diagnosis, since correction for it decreased the odds ratio from 2.10 to 1.65. On the contrary, the regional differences in recent asthma symptoms were not explained by HDM allergy differences nor by any other factor under study. This urban-suburban comparison indicated that house dust mite allergy is a major determinant of prior (childhood) asthma, whereas factors contributing to higher urban prevalence of present asthma symptoms could not be identified. Furthermore, our results indicate that it may be inappropriate to combine data from neighbouring areas, when their similarity has not been verified.
Analysis of the Polycystins in Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Qi Qian, Ming Li, Yiqiang Cai, Christopher J Ward, Stefan Somlo, Peter C Harris, Vicente E Torres
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

The leading cause of death in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is cardiovascular. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of these manifestations. The present study was undertaken to characterize the ADPKD proteins, the polycystins, in vascular smooth muscle cells. It was demonstrated that the expression of polycystin-1 is developmentally regulated, whereas polycystin-2 has a more constant level of expression. A polycystin-1 subpopulation was immunoprecipitated by polycystin-2, indicating an in vivo interaction of these two proteins. Analysis with glycosidase and cell surface biotinylation indicates that some polycystin-1 products, but not polycystin-2, are located on the plasma membrane. Immunofluorescence showed that most of the polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 was cytoplasmic but that persistent polycystin-1 staining was located in proximity to the cell surface after a Triton-X extraction, whereas no clear surface localization of polycystin-2 was detected. Immuno-gold electron microscopy revealed that polycystin-1 was localized at the plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum, whereas polycystin-2 was mainly located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Both polycystins were found to be associated with dense plaques. These observations are consistent with an important role of the polycystins in the development, maintenance, and function of the myoelastic arterial organization and with the vascular phenotype associated with ADPKD.
Dynamic Mechanism for Initiation of Ventricular Fibrillation In Vivo
Authors: Anna R.M. Gelzer, Marcus L. Koller, Niels F. Otani, Jeffrey J. Fox, Michael W. Enyeart, Giles J. Hooker, Mark L. Riccio, Carlo R. Bartoli, Robert F. Gilmour
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Dynamically induced heterogeneities of repolarization may lead to wave-front destabilizations and initiation of ventricular fibrillation (VF). In a computer modeling study, we demonstrated that specific sequences of premature stimuli maximized dynamically induced spatial dispersion of refractoriness and predisposed the heart to the development of conduction block. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the computer model results pertained to the initiation of VF in dogs in vivo. Methods and Results— Monophasic action potentials were recorded from right and left ventricular endocardium in anesthetized beagle dogs (n=11) in vivo. Restitution of action potential duration and conduction time and the effective refractory period after delivery of the basic stimulus (S 1 ) and each of 3 premature stimuli (S 2 , S 3 , S 4 ) were determined at baseline and during verapamil infusion. The effective refractory period data were used to determine the interstimulus intervals for a sequence of 4 premature stimuli (S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 =CL VF ) for which the computer model predicted maximal spatial dispersion of refractoriness. Delivery of CL VF was associated with discordant action potential duration alternans and induction of VF in all dogs. Verapamil decreased spatial dispersion of refractoriness by reducing action potential duration and conduction time restitution in a dose-dependent fashion, effects that were associated with reduced inducibility of VF with CL VF . Conclusion— Maximizing dynamically induced spatial dispersion of repolarization appears to be an effective method for inducing VF. Reducing spatial dispersion of refractoriness by modulating restitution parameters can have an antifibrillatory effect in vivo.
Effects of External Electrical and Magnetic Fields on Pacemakers and Defibrillators
Authors: Roy Beinart, Saman Nazarian
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The overall risk of clinically significant adverse events related to EMI in recipients of CIEDs is very low. Therefore, no special precautions are needed when household appliances are used. Environmental and industrial sources of EMI are relatively safe when the exposure time is limited and distance from the CIEDs is maximized. The risk of EMI-induced events is highest within the hospital environment. Physician awareness of the possible interactions and methods to minimize them is warranted.
Cancer During Pregnancy: An Analysis of 215 Patients Emphasizing the Obstetrical and the Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Kristel Van Calsteren, Liesbeth Heyns, Frank De Smet, Liesbet Van Eycken, Mina Mhallem Gziri, Willemijn Van Gemert, Michael Halaska, Ignace Vergote, Nelleke Ottevanger, Frédéric Amant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the management and the obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by cancer. Patients and Methods In an international collaborative setting, patients with invasive cancer diagnosed during pregnancy between 1998 and 2008 were identified. Clinical data regarding the cancer diagnosis and treatment and the obstetric and neonatal outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Of 215 patients, five (2.3%) had a pregnancy that ended in a spontaneous miscarriage and 30 (14.0%) pregnancies were interrupted. Treatment was initiated during pregnancy in 122 (56.7%) patients and postpartum in 58 (27.0%) patients. The most frequently encountered cancer types were breast cancer (46%), hematologic malignancies (18%), and dermatologic malignancies (10%). The mean gestational age at delivery was 36.3 ± 2.9 weeks. Delivery was induced in 71.7% of pregnancies, and 54.2% of children were born preterm. In the group of patients prenatally exposed to cytotoxic treatment, the prevalence of preterm labor was increased (11.8%; P = .012). Furthermore, in this group a higher proportion of small-for-gestational-age children (birth weight below 10th percentile) was observed (24.2%; P = .001). Of all neonates, 51.2% were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, mainly (85.2%) because of prematurity. There was no increased incidence of congenital malformations. Conclusion Pregnant cancer patients should be treated in a multidisciplinary setting with access to maternal and neonatal intensive care units. Prevention of iatrogenic prematurity appears to be an important part of the treatment strategy.