tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enumeration and Molecular Characterization of Tumor Cells in Lung Cancer Patients Using a Novel <i>In Vivo</i> Device for Capturing Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Tobias M. Gorges, Nicole Penkalla, Thomas Schalk, Simon A. Joosse, Sabine Riethdorf, Johannes Tucholski, Klaus Lücke, Harriet Wikman, Stephen Jackson, Nora Brychta, Oliver von Ahsen, Christian Schumann, Thomas Krahn, Klaus Pantel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

The use of circulating tumor cells (CTC) as "liquid biopsy" is limited by the very low yield of CTCs available for subsequent analyses. Most in vitro approaches rely on small sample volumes (5-10 mL).Here, we used a novel approach, the GILUPI CellCollector, which enables an in vivo isolation of CTCs from peripheral blood. In total, 50 lung cancer patients were screened in two subsequent device applications before and after therapy (n = 185 applications).By in vivo isolation, 58% (108/185) of the patients were positive for ≥1 CTC (median, 5 CTCs; range, 1-56 cells) as compared with 27% (23/84; range, 1-300 cells) using the FDA-cleared CellSearch system. Furthermore, we could show that treatment response during therapy was associated with significant decreases in CTC counts (P = 0.001). By dPCR, mutations in the KRAS and EGFR genes relevant for treatment decisions could be detected in CTCs captured by in vivo isolation and confirmed in the primary tumors of the same patients.In vivo isolation of CTCs overcomes blood volume limitations of other approaches, which might help to implement CTC-based "liquid biopsies" into clinical decision making. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2197-206. ©2015 AACR.
Relationship Between Parental Diabetes and Presentation of Metabolic and Glycemic Function in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes: Baseline Findings From the TODAY Trial
Authors: Steven D. Chernausek, Silva Arslanian, Sonia Caprio, Kenneth C. Copeland, Laure El ghormli, Megan M. Kelsey, Michaela B. Koontz, Carisse M. Orsi, Denise Wilfley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Children whose parents have diabetes are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. This report assessed relationships between parental diabetes status and baseline demographics, anthropometrics, metabolic measurements, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function in children recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The sample included 632 youth (aged 10–17 years) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for &amp;lt;2 years who participated in the TODAY clinical trial. Medical history data were collected at baseline by self-report from parents and family members. Youth baseline measurements included an oral glucose tolerance test and other measures collected by trained study staff. RESULTS Youth exposed to maternal diabetes during pregnancy (whether the mother was diagnosed with diabetes prior to pregnancy or had gestational diabetes mellitus) were diagnosed at younger ages (by 0.6 years on average), had greater dysglycemia at baseline (HbA1c increased by 0.3% [3.4 mmol/mol]), and had reduced β-cell function compared with those not exposed (C-peptide index 0.063 vs. 0.092). The effect of maternal diabetes on β-cell function was observed in non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics but not whites. Relationships with paternal diabetes status were minimal. CONCLUSIONS Maternal diabetes prior to or during pregnancy was associated with poorer glycemic control and β-cell function overall but particularly in non-Hispanic black and Hispanic youth, supporting the hypothesis that fetal exposure to aberrant metabolism may have long-term effects. More targeted research is needed to understand whether the impact of maternal diabetes is modified by racial/ethnic factors or whether the pathway to youth-onset type 2 diabetes differs by race/ethnicity.
Antibiotic Exposure, Infection, and the Development of Pediatric Psoriasis
Authors: Daniel B. Horton, Frank I. Scott, Kevin Haynes, Mary E. Putt, Carlos D. Rose, James D. Lewis, Brian L. Strom
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Antibiotics disrupt human microbiota and have been associated with several pediatric autoimmune diseases. Psoriasis activity has been linked to group A streptococcal and viral infections.To determine whether antibiotic exposure and infections are independently associated with incident psoriasis in children.This nested case-control study used data from the Health Improvement Network database, a population-representative electronic health records database from the United Kingdom, from June 27, 1994, through January 15, 2013. Data were analyzed from September 17, 2014, through August 12, 2015. Children aged 1 to 15 years with newly diagnosed psoriasis (n = 845) were compared with age- and sex-matched controls (n = 8450) randomly chosen at the time of psoriasis diagnosis from general practices with at least one case, excluding children with immunodeficiency, inflammatory bowel disease, and juvenile arthritis.Systemic antibacterial prescriptions and infections of the skin and other sites within 2 years before psoriasis diagnosis.Incident psoriasis as determined by validated diagnostic codes. The association of antibiotic exposure and infections with incident psoriasis was determined by conditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders.After adjusting for matching, country, socioeconomic deprivation, outpatient visits, and infections within the past 2 years, antibiotic exposure in the last 2 years was weakly associated with incident psoriasis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.5). The associations for infections of skin (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7) and other sites (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6) were similar. Untreated nonskin infections (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.8) but not antibiotic-treated nonskin infections (aOR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.4) were associated with psoriasis. Results were similar when using a lifetime exposure window. Different classes of antibiotics and age of first antibiotic exposure were also not associated with psoriasis. The findings did not substantively change when excluding periods of varying length before diagnosis.Infections are associated with the development of pediatric psoriasis, but antibiotics do not appear to contribute substantially to that risk.
Variation in the Ability to Taste Bitter Thiourea Compounds: Implications for Food Acceptance, Dietary Intake, and Obesity Risk in Children
Authors: Kathleen L. Keller, Shana Adise
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2016)

The ability to taste bitter thiourea compounds, such as phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), is inherited. Polymorphisms in the bitter-taste receptor TAS2R38 explain the majority of phenotypic variation in the PROP phenotype. It has been hypothesized that the PROP phenotype is a marker for perception of a variety of chemosensory experiences. In this review, we discuss studies that have investigated the relationship between bitter-taste response and dietary behaviors and chronic health in children. Investigators have hypothesized that children who are PROP tasters have lower liking and consumption of bitter foods, such as cruciferous vegetables. Additionally, several studies suggest that children who are unable to taste PROP (i.e., nontasters) like and consume more dietary fat and are prone to obesity. The relationship between the PROP phenotype and obesity is influenced by multiple confounders, including sex, food access, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Future studies that adjust for these variables are needed.
5 years follow-up of lung transplant recipients undergoing extracorporal photophoresis
Authors: Lars C. Huber, Urs Buergi, Bruno Isenring, Esther Perret, Macé Schuurmans, Malcolm Kohler, Guenther Hofbauer, Christian Benden
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Purpose. In 2008, our center reported the first single center experience showing that ECP reduced the rate of lung function decline in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and stabilized patients with recurrent episodes of acute cellular rejection (ACR). This study cohort was now followed up for additional 5 years.  Methods. Retrospective data analysis. Patients were followed up over a 5-year period from 01/2008 to 12/2012. Phenotyping was based on recently published categories for CLAD. Full lung function data including TLC were available for the full cohort, chest CT in 3/10 patients.  Results. The initial study cohort included 24 patients: 12 treated for BOS, 12 treated for ACR. At the end of the current follow-up period compared to the end of the initial study, 5 patients with BOS were still alive (10/12 at study end), of which one required re-transplantation. 2 BOS patients still underwent ECP at the end of the follow up period, both of which had BOS grade 1 at inclusion. 8 patients treated with ECP for recurrent ACR were still alive at the end of the follow up period (12/12 at study end), no re-transplantation was required and 6 patients still underwent ECP (median 110 cycles, range 60-127). 2 patients stopped ECP upon clinical stabilization. Phenotyping of CLAD showed that all 3 patients with CT data had BOS with air trapping. 1/10 patients (10%) had RAS according to lung function data.  Conclusions. Our long-term follow-up data show that recipients started on ECP at early stages of BOS have a better long-term outcome and, that the subgroup of ECP patients with recurrent ACR has an overall superior survival.
U.S. Donor Heart Allocation Bias for Men Over Women?
Authors: Jon A. Kobashigawa
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

In this issue of JACC: Heart Failure , Hsich et al. [(1)][1] review the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) database between 2000 and 2010 and find a greater waitlist mortality for women than for men for status 1A patients. They conclude that the United Network for Organ Sharing (
Impulse oscillometry in COPD: Correlation to spirometry and whole-body plethysmography
Authors: Marija Vukoja, Dragana Milicic, Ivan Kopitovic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Spirometry is considered the gold standard test for diagnosing COPD. Alternatively, whole-body plethysmography and impulse oscillometry (IOS) are used to assess lung function.

Aim: To determine correlation of parameters obtained by spirometry, whole-body plethysmography and IOS in patients with COPD.

Methods: One hundred consecutive stable COPD outpatients at the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia in whom spirometry, whole-body plethysmography and IOS were performed. All patient had post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<70%.

Results: Most patients had mild-to-moderate COPD (29 GOLD stage I; 49 stage II; 20 stage III and 2 stage IV). FEV1(%) showed moderate correlation with IOS parameters: resistance at 5Hz (R5, r=-0.37; p<0.001) and reactance X5 (X5, r=0.52; p<0.001), and weak correlation with resistance at 20Hz (R20, r=-0.22; p<0.03). Airway resistance (Rt) measured by plethysmography correlated well with R5 (r=0.73, p<0.001), X5 (r=-0.74, p<0.001) and R20 (r=0.57, p<0.001). Fifty-seven patients had normal values of R5 and X5, these patients had milder COPD compared to IOS positive patients (FEV1 74±17% vs. 57±17%, p<0.001; Rt 0.22±0.09 vs. 0.41±0.22, p<0.001). The mean values of R5 and X5 worsened as GOLD severity increased and correlated moderately with MRC scale (r=0.33, p<0.001 and r=-0.49 p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion: There is a limited sensitivity of IOS in detecting pulmonary function abnormality in COPD patients compared to spirometry,especially in patients with mild COPD. IOS parameters demonstrate good correlation with conventional lung measurements, worsen across GOLD stages and are in modest correlation with dyspnea.
Hodgkin's Disease in Turkish Children: A Clinical and Histopathologic Analysis
Authors: Ayhan O. Çavdar, Atillâ Taçoy, Emel Babacan, Sevgi Gözdaşoğlu, Ayten Arcasoy, Ülkü Topuz, Sükrü Cin, Jale Erten
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Fifty-one cases of Hodgkin's disease in Turkish children under 15 years of age were clinically analyzed, and 40 cases were evaluated histopathologically according to the Rye Conference classification. Complete clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings for each patient were examined. Most patients were of low socioeconomic class, and nearly all were Caucasian. The most common presenting clinical sign was cervical lymph node enlargement; hepatosplenomegaly was noted in 18 patients. Nearly three times as many males as females were found among the patients whose diseases were histologically analyzed, and most of the children with Hodgkin's disease were in the first decade of life. Classification of the cases revealed a predominance (67.5%) of the mixed cellularity (MC) type. Of 40 patients analyzed, 34 had disease in clinical stage IV, mostly of the MC type. The data indicated a correlation of the high incidence of the MC type of Hodgkin's disease with the socioeconomic and environmental conditions in Turkey.
Changes in Retinal Nonperfusion Associated with Suppression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Tahreem A Mir, Saleema Kherani, Gulnar Hafiz, Adrienne W Scott, Ingrid Zimmer-Galler, Adam S Wenick, Sharon Solomon, Ian Han, David Poon, Lingmin He, Syed Mahmood Shah, Christopher J Brady, Catherine Meyerle, Akrit Sodhi, Marguerite O Linz, Raafay Sophie, Peter A Campochiaro
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Inhibition of ADAMTS-13 by Doxycycline Reduces von Willebrand Factor Degradation During Supraphysiological Shear Stress
Authors: Carlo R. Bartoli, Jooeun Kang, David J. Restle, David M. Zhang, Cameron Shabahang, Michael A. Acker, Pavan Atluri
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)
Nutritional Ecology and Human Health
Authors: David Raubenheimer, Stephen J. Simpson
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2016)

In contrast to the spectacular advances in the first half of the twentieth century with micronutrient-related diseases, human nutrition science has failed to stem the more recent rise of obesity and associated cardiometabolic disease (OACD). This failure has triggered debate on the problems and limitations of the field and what change is needed to address these. We briefly review the two broad historical phases of human nutrition science and then provide an overview of the main problems that have been implicated in the poor progress of the field with solving OACD. We next introduce the field of nutritional ecology and show how its ecological-evolutionary foundations can enrich human nutrition science by providing the theory to help address its limitations. We end by introducing a modeling approach from nutritional ecology, termed nutritional geometry, and demonstrate how it can help to implement ecological and evolutionary theory in human nutrition to provide new direction and to better understand and manage OACD.
Effect of a knowledge-based and skills-based programme for physicians on risk of sexually transmitted reinfections among high-risk patients in China: a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Don Operario, Debin Wang, Nickolas D Zaller, Mei-Fen Yang, Kathleen Blaney, Jing Cheng, Qian Hong, Hongbo Zhang, Jing Chai, Gregory Szekeres, Jerome Galea, Thomas J Coates
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundChina is experiencing growing epidemics of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Programmes to train physicians in China on HIV and STI knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and risk reduction counselling can potentially reduce HIV and STI risk among high-risk patients. We aimed to assess a knowledge-based and skills-based programme for physicians in China to reduce patients' STI risk.MethodsIn this cluster randomised trial, we block randomised counties in two provinces in eastern China to intervention or control groups. In the intervention group, physicians from county general hospitals participated in a structured HIV and STI training programme and received opportunities to enhance their clinical and counselling skills, whereas in the control group, physicians from county hospitals received the training after the intervention group completed final assessments. We recruited STI patients from physicians in both groups, treated baseline gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections, and assessed 9-month gonorrhoea and chlamydia reinfection as the primary outcome. Statistical comparisons between intervention and delayed-control patients used multilevel analyses to account for cluster effects at county and physician levels. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00644150.FindingsBetween April 1, 2007, and Sept 1, 2008, 51 counties were randomly assigned; 27 to receive immediate intervention and 24 to receive delayed intervention. 249 physicians from the 51 county-level hospitals were enrolled, 121 physicians in the intervention group and 128 in the control group. From these physicians, we enrolled 633 and 491 patients, respectively, of whom 508 (80%) and 402 (82%) were available for reassessment at 9 months. Intervention patients at follow-up had significantly lower odds of combined gonorrhoea or chlamydia reinfection than did control patients (58/508 [11%] vs 123/402 [31%]; adjusted odds ratio 0·62 [95% CI 0·46–0·84]).InterpretationIntegrating HIV and STI training into medical education in China could be an effective strategy to reduce the country's growing HIV risk and STI epidemics.FundingUS National Institutes of Health.
Abstract 3289: Skeletal consequences of bone resorption inhibitors (zoledronic acid and RANKL blocking antibody) injections during growth: mouse strain disparities and synergic effect
Authors: Frederic P. Lezot, Benjamin Navet, YongWon Choi, Hideo Yagita, Ariane Berdal, Christopher G. Mueller, Francoise Redini, Dominique Heymann
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Abstract Background: High doses of bone resorption inhibitors are currently evaluated for the treatment of malignant primary bone tumors. The impact of such an intensive treatment on growing skeleton is a critical question in the context of pediatric oncology. Methods: Protocols adapted from pediatric treatments were developed for mice (a total of 4 or 5 injections of Zoledronic acid (50 μg/kg) or IKK-22.5 antibody (50 μg/injection) every two or three days). Their impact on tibias, skull bones and teeth growth was analyzed by micro-CT and histology up to 3 months after the last injection. Potential disparities between mouse strains were evaluated using both CD1 and C57BL/6J mice, as was the possible synergic effect of the two inhibitors. Results: In both mouse strains, bone resorption inhibitors administrations induced a transient delay of tibia and skull bone growth. Indeed, three months after the last injection all bone parameters were back to normal. Regarding tooth eruption and root elongation, both were severely impaired in C57BL/6J mouse whatever the inhibitor considered while in CD1 mouse highly more important doses are necessary to observe similar effects. Combination of both inhibitors, at half-doses in CD1 mouse, induced severe delay of tooth eruption demonstrating the existence of synergic effect between the two inhibitors. Conclusions: In mouse, high doses of bone resorption inhibitors disturbed teeth eruption and elongation, and delayed tibias and skull bone formation. Difference of sensitivity to these inhibitors was observed between mouse strains which understanding will require further studies. A synergic effect was also observed for these inhibitors. In human, similar treatments may impact the permanent teeth eruption. These observations are crucial for the follow-up of pediatric patients treated with high doses of bone resorption inhibitors in ongoing European and American protocols. Citation Format: Frederic P. Lezot, Benjamin Navet, YongWon Choi, Hideo Yagita, Ariane Berdal, Christopher G. Mueller, Francoise Redini, Dominique Heymann. Skeletal consequences of bone resorption inhibitors (zoledronic acid and RANKL blocking antibody) injections during growth: mouse strain disparities and synergic effect. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3289. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3289
Similar Efficacies of Endoscopic Ultrasound–guided Transmural and Percutaneous Drainage for Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Tae Hoon Lee, Jun-Ho Choi, Do Hyun Park, Tae Jun Song, Dong Uk Kim, Woo Hyun Paik, Young Hwangbo, Sang Soo Lee, Dong Wan Seo, Sung Koo Lee, Myung-Hwan Kim
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)
Clinical Benefit of Continued Therapy with Crizotinib Beyond Initial Disease Progression in Advanced Alk Positive Nsclc
Authors: Hiroyasu Kaneda, Masayuki Takeda, Kaoru Tanaka, Takeshi Yoshida, Tsutomu Iwasa, Kunio Okamoto, Hisato Kawakami, Takayuki Takahama, Toshio Shimizu, Kazuhiko Nakagawa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Intraperitoneal administration of interferon-gamma to carcinoma patients enhances expression of tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 and carcinoembryonic antigen on malignant ascites cells.
Authors: J W Greiner, F Guadagni, D Goldstein, R V Smalley, E C Borden, J F Simpson, A Molinolo, J Schlom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE The study was designed to determine whether in vivo interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) administration could enhance tumor antigen expression on the surface of human tumor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight patients (six with ovarian and two with gastrointestinal tumors) with a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma with secondary malignant ascites were given weekly escalating doses of IFN-gamma (ie, 0.1 to 100 MU) intraperitoneally (IP) each week for 8 weeks. Tumor cells were isolated from the patients' ascites samples, which were collected three times per week: before and 24 and 48 hours post-IFN-gamma administration. The level of expression of tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS IFN-gamma administered IP dramatically increased TAG-72 (as measured by binding of anti-TAG-72 monoclonal antibodies [MoAbs] B72.3 and CC 49) and CEA (measured by MoAb COL-1) expression on the surface of the carcinoma cells. The ascites-derived tumor cells from seven of the eight patients constitutively expressed TAG-72, and the level of TAG-72 expression was increased by IFN-gamma in all seven patients, as evidenced by the enhanced binding of anti-TAG-72 MoAbs to the tumor-cell surface. In some cases, IFN-gamma treatment increased the percentage of MoAb B72.3-reactive tumor cells from 10% to greater than 90%, and those changes were further corroborated by similar increases in the MoAb staining intensity observed with immunoperoxidase analysis. In addition, ascites-derived tumor cells from two patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma also expressed enhanced CEA levels after IFN-gamma. The increased TAG-72 and CEA expression were observed at low IFN-gamma doses (ie, 0.1 to 1.0 MU), which were well tolerated by all patients. CONCLUSIONS The ability of IFN-gamma given IP to increase TAG-72 and CEA expression on tumor cells in vivo provides additional argument for the use of the cytokine as an adjuvant to enhance MoAb binding to human carcinoma-cell populations.