tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P017: Reliability of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Forearm Microvascular Function
Authors: Sebastien Lacroix, Mathieu Gayda, Vincent Gremeaux, Martin Juneau, Anil Nigam
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: The assessment of microvascular reactivity by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was shown to be associated with cardiovascular status and the number of cardiovascular risk factors and could be of interest in cardiac or high-risk patients. However, the reliability of NIRS parameters measured at the arm has never been studied and should be known before they could be used in research and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to measure the absolute and relative reliability of the most commonly used NIRS parameters during post-occlusive hyperaemia in healthy young men. Methods: 18 healthy men (33.56±7.88 years), without any cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes and smoking) or cardiac symptoms had their fasting microvascular function evaluated twice, on two mornings separated by at least 7 days. Briefly, NIRS optodes were placed on the brachio-radialis muscle and a pressure cuff was installed on the upper-arm of subjects and inflated at 80mm Hg over the systolic blood pressure. NIRS parameters were registered continuously for 2 minutes at rest, 5 minutes during occlusion and 5 minutes post-occlusion. NIRS parameters listed in the table below were then analyzed. Results: CV (%) SEM Pearson r ICC mVO 2 (ml/min/100g) 6.51 0.0043 0.90 0.90 Half time to O 2 Hb max (sec) 20.04 4.15 0.79 0.78 Time to O 2 Hb max (sec) 15.61 8.24 0.79 0.75 O 2 Hb max (%) 6.68 2.39 0.70 0.66 tHb max (%) 13.32 1.66 0.31 0.31 Time to tHb max (sec) 19.61 4.73 0.86 0.85 AUC O2Hb 16.15 184.01 0.83 0.83 AUC tHb 18.59 175.04 0.80 0.80 AUC HHb 20.37 159.38 0.63 0.63 mVO 2 : muscle oxygen consumption, O 2 Hb : oxyhaemoglobin, tHb: total haemoglobin and HHb: deoxyhaemoglobin Conclusion: Reliability of most NIRS parameters was strong (Half time to O 2 Hb max and Time to O 2 Hb max) and very strong (mVO 2 , Time to tHb max and AUC O 2 Hb and tHb). The Coefficient of variations were below 10% for mVO 2 , and O 2 Hb max, and between 10 and 20% for the other parameters, which is in line with previous data at the calf level in healthy subjects and peripheral artery disease patients. We can therefore conclude that NIRS parameters evaluated during brachial post-occlusive hyperaemia were reliable and can be used by physicians and investigators to establish thresholds of relevancy for NIRS parameter changes and to estimate sample sizes in clinical studies.
Abstract 11518: Atorvastatin Reduces Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation and Serum High-Sensitivity CRP Levels in Patients With Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Tomohiro Komatsu, Makoto Ayaori, Harumi Uto-kondo, Katsumi Hayashi, Katsumi Tamura, Makoto Sasaki, Makiko Yogo, Masatsune Ogura, Shunichi Takiguchi, Emi Yakushiji, Kazuhiro Nakaya, Katsunori Ikewaki
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Statins have pleiotropic effects including anti-inflammatory property besides lipid-lowering; however, there was scarce visible evidence demonstrating such an effect in human atherosclerotic plaque...
All doctors would benefit from a forum to reflect on practice
Authors: Rachel Morris, Mark Lillicrap
Journal: BMJ (2016)

While we agree with Hawkins that forums for junior doctors to express their feelings without condemnation are vitally needed,1 we suggest that senior clinicians could benefit from these too.

In Cambridge, we run such forums—“professional practice groups” (PPGs), reflective small groups of five to six students. When facilitated well, these groups …
Next-Generation Sequencing and In Silico Analysis Facilitate Prolonged Response to Pazopanib in a Patient With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis
Authors: Andrew W. Hahn, Smith Giri, Dilan Patel, Heather Sluder, Ari Vanderwalde, Mike G. Martin
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

With the advent of widespread tumor genetic profiling, an increased number of mutations with unknown significance are being identified. Often, a glut of uninterpretable findings may confuse the clinician and provide little or inappropriate guidance in therapeutic decision-making. This report describes a method of protein modeling by in silico analysis (ie, using computer simulation) that is easily accessible to the practicing clinician without need for further laboratory analysis, which can potentially serve as a guide in therapeutic decisions based on poorly characterized tumor mutations. An example of this model is given wherein poorly characterized KIT, PDGFRB, and ERBB2 mutations were discovered in a patient with treatment-refractory metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The KIT and PDGFRB mutations were predicted to be pathogenic using in silico analysis, whereas the ERBB2 mutation was predicted to be benign. Based on these findings, the patient was treated with pazopanib and achieved a partial response that lasted for 7.5 months. We propose that in silico analysis be explored as a potential means to further characterize genetic abnormalities found by tumor profiling assays, such as next-generation sequencing.
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy With Lactic Acidosis and Strokelike Episodes Presenting Before 50 Years of Age
Authors: Cláudia Marques-Matos, Jorge Reis, Carina Reis, Lígia Castro, Marta Carvalho
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

A man in his 50s presented with a 5-year history of stepwise loss of executive and somato-sensory functions in relation to what was interpreted as 2 previous stroke episodes; he was diagnosed with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes.
A Case of Lung Adenocarcinoma Resistant to Crizotinib Harboring Kras Mutation and Eml4-Alk Fusion Gene
Authors: Satoshi Anai, Kunihiro Suzuki, Katsuo Sueishi, Taishi Harada, Gouji Toyokawa, Takashi Seto, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Koichi Takayama, Yukito Ichinose, Yoichi Nakanishi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Primary CNS lymphoma at first relapse/progression: characteristics, management, and outcome of 256 patients from the French LOC network
Authors: Sophie Langner-Lemercier, Caroline Houillier, Carole Soussain, Hervé Ghesquières, Olivier Chinot, Luc Taillandier, Pierre Soubeyran, Thierry Lamy, Franck Morschhauser, Alexandra Benouaich-Amiel, Guido Ahle, Marie-Pierre Moles-Moreau, Cécile Moluçon-Chabrot, Pascal Bourquard, Ghandi Damaj, Fabrice Jardin, Delphine Larrieu, Emmanuel Gyan, Remy Gressin, Arnaud Jaccard, Sylvain Choquet, Annie Brion, Olivier Casasnovas, Philippe Colin, Oumedaly Reman, Adrian Tempescul, Jean-Pierre Marolleau, Michel Fabbro, Florian Naudet, Khê Hoang-Xuan, Roch Houot
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is poorly defined, because randomized trials and large studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics, management, and outcome of R/R PCNSL patients after first-line therapy in a nationwide cohort.We analyzed R/R PCNSL patients following first-line treatment who had been prospectively registered in the database of the French network for oculocerebral lymphoma (LOC) between 2011 and 2014.Among 563 PCNSL patients treated with first-line therapy, we identified 256 with relapsed (n = 93, 16.5%) or refractory (n = 163, 29.0%) disease. Patients who were asymptomatic at relapse/progression (25.5%), mostly diagnosed on routine follow-up neuroimaging, tended to have a better outcome. Patients who received salvage therapy followed by consolidation (mostly intensive chemotherapy plus autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [ICT + AHSCT]) experienced prolonged survival compared with those who did not receive salvage or consolidation therapy. Independent prognostic factors at first relapse/progression were: KPS ≥ 70 vs KPS < 70), sensitivity to first-line therapy (relapsed vs refractory disease), duration of first remission (progression-free survival [PFS] ≥1 y vs <1 y), and management at relapse/progression (palliative care vs salvage therapy). Patients who relapsed early after first-line therapy (ie, PFS < 1 y) had a poor outcome, comparable to that of refractory patients. Conversely, patients experiencing late relapses (PFS ≥ 1 y) and/or undergoing consolidation with ICT + AHSCT experienced prolonged survival.About a third of PCNSL patients are primary refractory to first line treatment. We identified several independent prognostic factors that can guide the management of R/R PCNSL patients.
A controlled evaluation of combined 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C (FAM) for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: J E Krook, J R Jett, T R Fleming, R J Dalton, R F Marschke, S A Cullinan, H E Windschitl, L K Everson, F S Brunk, J A Laurie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

One hundred eighty-six patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were randomly assigned to treatment with combined 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C (FAM) or combined methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and lomustine (MACC). Respective objective regression rates were comparable at 20% and 16%. Distribution of intervals to progression (overall median, 2.8 months) and survival times (overall median, 5.0 months) were essentially identical between the two regimens. The comparability of therapeutic effect was also evident within the subset of 81 patients who had adenocarcinoma cell type, although MACC showed a small advantage in survival after covariate analysis. In large-cell carcinoma, MACC showed a higher regression rate than that of FAM as well as a small advantage in survival. In squamous-cell carcinoma, however, FAM was superior to MACC in regression rates (32% v 4%) and also provided somewhat longer survival. With regard to toxicity, MACC produced a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting, whereas FAM produced more frequent and severe thrombocytopenia. From an overall standpoint, the therapeutic accomplishments of both regimens were disappointing. Our study does, however, provide additional evidence that mitomycin C-containing regimens may be selectively effective for squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung.
Chemical Alteration of Polysaccharide from &lt;italic&gt;Serratia Marcescens&lt;/italic&gt; I. Tumor-Necrotizing Polysaccharide Tagged with Radioactive Iodine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A M SELIGMAN, M J SHEAR
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1948)

Chemical Alteration of Polysaccharide from Serratia Marcescens I. Tumor-Necrotizing Polysaccharide Tagged with Radioactive Iodine Get access Arnold M. Seligman, Arnold M. Seligman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. J. Shear, M. J. Shear Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph Leiter, Joseph Leiter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Benjamin Sweet Benjamin Sweet Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 9, Issue 1, August 1948, Pages 13–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/9.1.13 Published: 01 August 1948 Article history Received: 31 March 1948 Published: 01 August 1948
Acute and Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected U.S. Women
Authors: Mark H. Kuniholm, Edgar Ong, Boris M. Hogema, Marco Koppelman, Kathryn Anastos, Marion G. Peters, Eric C. Seaberg, Yue Chen, Kenrad E. Nelson, Jeffrey M. Linnen
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Exposure to hepatitis E virus (HEV) is common in the United States, but there are few data on prevalence of HEV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection in U.S.We tested 2,919 plasma samples collected from HIV-infected (HIV(+)) women and men enrolled in U.S. cohort studies for HEV viremia using a high-throughput nucleic acid testing (NAT) platform. NAT(+) samples were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Samples were selected for testing primarily on the basis of biomarkers of liver disease and immune suppression. Prevalence of HEV viremia was 3 of 2,606 and 0 of 313 in tested plasma samples collected from HIV(+) women and men, respectively. All HEV isolates were genotype 3a. Based on follow-up testing of stored samples, 1 woman had chronic HEV infection for >4 years whereas 2 women had acute HEV detectable at only a single study visit.To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chronic HEV infection in an HIV(+) U.S. individual. We also confirm that chronic HEV infection can persist despite a CD4(+) count >200 cells/mm(3). Overall, though, these data suggest that HEV infection is rare in the HIV(+) U.S. population.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytomas Induced by 4-(Hydroxyamino)quinoline 1-0xide in Rats<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>
Authors: Y Konishi, H Maruyama, Y Mii, Y Miyauchi, Y Yokose, K Masuhara
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Subcutaneous and bone malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) were induced in high incidence in rats by 4-(hydroxyamino)-quinoline 1-oxide (4-HAQO). Subcutaneous MFH were induced locally by repeated weekly injections of 1 mg 4-HAQO/rat for 4 weeks. Between 16 and 48 weeks after the final treatment, 13/15 (87%) male noninbred Wistar rats developed tumors. The histologic subtypes of these tumors were as follows: 11 fibrous, 1 myxoid, and 1 giant cell. Bone MFH were induced between 18 and 25 weeks by implantation of 4-HAQO (8 mg/rat) into the bone marrow of the tibia in 12/14 (86%) male noninbred Fischer 344 rats. The histologic subtypes of these tumors were as follows: 6 fibrous, 4 myxoid, and 2 giant cell. Morphologically, these MFH appeared similar to human MFH.
The Immunologic Specificity of Antiserum for Trypsin-Treated Red Blood Cells and Its Reactions with Normal and Hemolytic Anemia Cells
Authors: MATTHEW C. DODD, CLAUDE-STARR WRIGHT, J. ALBERT BAXTER, BERTHA A. BOURONCLE, ALVINZA E. BUNNER, HENRY J. WINN
Journal: Blood (1953)
Lenalidomide treatment and prognostic markers in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: data from the prospective, multicenter phase-II CLL-009 trial
Authors: A Bühler, C-M Wendtner, T J Kipps, L Rassenti, G A M Fraser, A-S Michallet, P Hillmen, J Dürig, S A Gregory, M Kalaycio, T Aurran-Schleinitz, L Trentin, J G Gribben, A Chanan-Khan, B Purse, J Zhang, S De Bedout, J Mei, M Hallek, S Stilgenbauer
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2016)

Abstract Efficacy of lenalidomide was investigated in 103 patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated on the prospective, multicenter randomized phase-II CLL-009 trial. Interphase cytogenetic and mutational analyses identified TP53 mutations, unmutated IGHV , or del(17p) in 36/96 (37.5%), 68/88 (77.3%) or 22/92 (23.9%) patients. The overall response rate (ORR) was 40.4% (42/104). ORRs were similar irrespective of TP53 mutation (36.1% (13/36) vs 43.3% (26/60) for patients with vs without mutation) or IGHV mutation status (45.0% (9/20) vs 39.1% (27/68)); however, patients with del(17p) had lower ORRs than those without del(17p) (21.7% (5/22) vs 47.1% (33/70); P =0.049). No significant differences in progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were observed when comparing subgroups defined by the presence or absence of high-risk genetic characteristics. In multivariate analyses, only multiple prior therapies (⩾3 lines) significantly impacted outcomes (median OS: 21.2 months vs not reached; P =0.019). This analysis indicates that lenalidomide is active in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL with unfavorable genetic profiles, including TP53 inactivation or unmutated IGHV . (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00963105).
Induction of Labor and Cesarean Delivery
Authors: William A. Grobman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

At the heart of obstetrical care is a seemingly simple calculus: when are the benefits of delivery greater than the benefits of continued pregnancy? However, making this determination is anything but straightforward, given the potentially conflicting needs of the mother and the needs of her offspring, which must both be taken into account to maximize maternal and perinatal health.In the absence of maternal or fetal complications, current consensus favors the consideration of delivery between 41 weeks 0 days and 42 weeks 0 days of gestation. In addition, for these women, delivery is recommended after 42 weeks 0 days and . . .
Abstract 120: Identification Of A Novel Adult Smooth Muscle-like Stem/progenitor Cell That Facilitates Formation Of Tissue Engineered Vascular Tissue For Use As Vascular Grafts In Vivo
Authors: Elizebeth C Turner, Chien Ling Huang, Neya Sawhney, Kalai Govindarajan, Arun H S Kumar, James P Clover, Kenneth Martin, Anne-Laure Leblond, Sharon Wang, Noel M Caplice
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

The aim of this study was to characterise a recently identified adult smooth muscle stem-like/progenitor cell (SMSPC) and exploit the ability to differentiate contractile smooth muscle cells (SMC) from SMSPCs facilitating tissue engineering of small to medium arteries, an approach which is hampered by inadequate sources of, and scale up methodologies for autologous SMCs. We initially identified a novel SMSPC in the bone marrow (BM) of rats that retained classic stem cell-like characteristics (clonogenicity, unlimited self-renewal, high telomerase activity, expression of stem cell markers) whilst expressing low levels of SMC-like transcripts. Spontaneous differentiation favoured a SMC phenotype where ~20-fold increases in calponin and SM-MHC protein expression were observed 10 days post-embryoid body formation, an effect augmented by TGFβ (P &lt; 0.0001). Differentiation of SMSPCs from an undifferentiated state towards contractile SMCs was Myocd-dependent. Overexpression of Myocd in SMSPCs increased their percentage contraction in response to AngII (P &lt; 0.05) and KCL (P &lt; 0.05) and Ca2+ signalling to levels indistinguishable from rat SMCs. Knockdown of SMC-specific repressors resulted in Myocd-dependent SMC differentiation of SMSPCs. Taking advantage of the fact that SMSPCs possessed unlimited self-renewal capacity ex vivo and could be successfully reprogrammed into functional SMCs, we determined the vascular tissue engineering potential of SMSPCs and showed these cells integrate as viable tissue engineered vascular grafts in vivo. Specifically, after 1 month implantation, a Myocd-GFP+/Isl1+ smooth muscle layer was observed in the grafts along with a vWF+ luminal endothelial layer and multi-layered collagen and elastin fibre formation throughout the graft wall. We have recently isolated cells with similar SMSPC phenotype and differentiation potential from human peripheral blood. This study demonstrates that adult SMSPCs derived from rat BM and human blood can be reprogrammed to efficiently generate large quantities of mature contractile SMCs, displaying great utility as a cellular backbone for tissue engineered vascular grafts, making them an attractive source for vascular cell therapy and surgical applications.
Company is blamed for early halt of trial into obesity treatment
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Researchers have condemned companies that prematurely publicise study data, after a trial looking at the obesity treatment naltrexone-bupropion was stopped early before its cardiovascular safety could be fully established.

The US trial, published in JAMA ,1 was stopped prematurely after the sponsor, Orexigen Therapeutics, released the interim data. The researchers said that, as a result, the cardiovascular safety of the treatment remained uncertain and that it would require evaluation in a new trial.

They said, “Premature release of interim data can result in inappropriate prejudgment about the benefits or risks of the studied therapy and make completion of the trial highly problematic.”

The …
Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Erosive Pustular Dermatosis of the Scalp
Authors: Catherine S. Yang, Helena Kuhn, Lisa M. Cohen, George Kroumpouzos
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is an inflammatory skin condition that develops on sun-damaged skin in older individuals. Patients with EPDS present a therapeutic challenge because medical treatments and surgical modalities have met with limited success. Methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy has been effective in 1 case but induced the disease in others. Eight patients with EPDS with mean (range) age 84 (67-93) years underwent gentle curettage of the hyperkeratotic lesions followed by aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (PDT) 1 to 2 weeks later. Lesions resolved in 6 patients, whereas 2 patients had residual lesions at 6-week follow-up and underwent a second cycle of curettage and aminolevulinic acid PDT with resolution. One patient experienced a partial recurrence 5 months after the procedure and was successfully retreated with curettage + aminolevulinic acid PDT. No adverse effects were noted, and patients were satisfied with the treatment. This series of patients demonstrated EPDS successfully treated with PDT. Lesions resolved in all patients with a protocol that included curettage followed by aminolevulinic acid PDT. Therefore, this protocol represents an efficacious modality for EPDS.
Prevention of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation by continuous infusion of low-dose heparin: a prospective, randomized trial [see comments]
Authors: M Attal, F Huguet, H Rubie, A Huynh, JP Charlet, JL Payen, JJ Voigt, P Brousset, J Selves, C Muller
Journal: Blood (1992)
<i>N</i> ‐Acyl ethanolamide and eicosanoid involvement in irritant dermatitis
Authors: A.C. Kendall, S.M. Pilkington, G. Sassano, L.E. Rhodes, A. Nicolaou
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are two commonly encountered cutaneous inflammatory stimuli. Differing histopathological and clinical features implicate involvement of alternative inflammatory pathways; bioactive lipid mediators (eicosanoids, endocannabinoids and sphingolipids) are likely candidates for regulation of the divergent inflammatory responses.To assess comprehensively bioactive lipid involvement in SLS- and UVR-induced inflammatory responses, to provide a better understanding of bioactive lipid mediator pathways in irritant inflammation.Buttock skin from 10 healthy volunteers was treated with two minimal erythema doses of UVR (275-380 nm, peak 305 nm) or an SLS dose optimized for each individual, to produce a comparable, moderate erythema. Punch biopsies were taken 24 h postchallenge and from untreated skin, and separated into dermis and epidermis. Lipids [including 15 prostanoids, 15 hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), nine endocannabinoids and related N-acyl ethanolamides (NAE), and 21 sphingolipids] were extracted and quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Increased epidermal NAE and HFA expression was observed in response to SLS but not UVR-induced low-level inflammation. Significant changes following SLS treatment included augmented levels of NAE, possessing proinflammatory and some reported anti-inflammatory properties, with 3·7-fold (P = 0·02) and threefold (P = 0·01) increased expression of palmitoyl and stearoyl ethanolamides, respectively, in addition to 1·9-fold (P = 0·02) increased expression of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.The differential bioactive lipid upregulation implicates their involvement in skin irritant responses, potentially reflecting roles in inflammatory cell recruitment and subsequent resolution of inflammation, giving scope for new treatment approaches to irritant dermatitis.