tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Giant fornix syndrome
Authors: Shampa Gupta, T S Balaji Prasad
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The case is described of a patient who, following cerebral hypoxia, developed severe difficulty in orienting himself in new environments in the context of a mild global amnesic syndrome. Some episodes he related suggested that his main difficulty was remembering the spatial/directional value of landmarks he recognised. A neuroradiological examination documented severe bilateral atrophy of the hippocampi associated with atrophic changes in the cerebral hemispheres, most marked in the dorsal regions. Neuropsychological and experimental evaluation showed a severe deficit of spatial learning with substantially preserved ability to learn verbal and visual-object information. He was also virtually unable to learn a route in a maze task based exclusively on spatial data, but the availability of visual cues substantially improved his learning. Finally, he performed within normal limits on various tests investigating knowledge acquired premorbidly regarding famous buildings, routes in the town he had been living in since childhood, and geography. Topographical disorientation may be subtended by a specific difficulty in storing the spatial/directional value of visual landmarks in novel environments. The hippocampus appears to be involved in the acquisition of new topographical spatial knowledge.
American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline
Authors: Carolyn D. Runowicz, Corinne R. Leach, N. Lynn Henry, Karen S. Henry, Heather T. Mackey, Rebecca L. Cowens‐Alvarado, Rachel S. Cannady, Mandi L. Pratt‐Chapman, Stephen B. Edge, Linda A. Jacobs, Arti Hurria, Lawrence B. Marks, Samuel J. LaMonte, Ellen Warner, Gary H. Lyman, Patricia A. Ganz
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2015)

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The purpose of the American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline is to provide recommendations to assist primary care and other clinicians in the care of female adult survivors of breast cancer. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed through April 2015. A multidisciplinary expert workgroup with expertise in primary care, gynecology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, and nursing was formed and tasked with drafting the Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline. A total of 1073 articles met inclusion criteria; and, after full text review, 237 were included as the evidence base. Patients should undergo regular surveillance for breast cancer recurrence, including evaluation with a cancer‐related history and physical examination, and should be screened for new primary breast cancer. Data do not support performing routine laboratory tests or imaging tests in asymptomatic patients to evaluate for breast cancer recurrence. Primary care clinicians should counsel patients about the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, monitor for post‐treatment symptoms that can adversely affect quality of life, and monitor for adherence to endocrine therapy. Recommendations provided in this guideline are based on current evidence in the literature and expert consensus opinion. Most of the evidence is not sufficient to warrant a strong evidence‐based recommendation. Recommendations on surveillance for breast cancer recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, assessment and management of physical and psychosocial long‐term and late effects of breast cancer and its treatment, health promotion, and care coordination/practice implications are made. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;43–73. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Research in Medical Education and Patient-Centered Outcomes
Authors: Patrick G. O’Malley, Louis N. Pangaro
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With the St. Jude Medical Portico Valve
Authors: Alexander B. Willson, Josep Rodès-Cabau, David A. Wood, Jonathon Leipsic, Anson Cheung, Stefan Toggweiler, Ronald K. Binder, Melanie Freeman, Robert DeLarochellière, Robert Moss, Luis Nombela-Franco, Eric Dumont, Karolina Szummer, Gregory P. Fontana, Raj Makkar, John G. Webb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A New View of Ras Isoforms in Cancers
Authors: Ruth Nussinov, Chung-Jung Tsai, Mayukh Chakrabarti, Hyunbum Jang
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Does small GTPase K-Ras4A have a single state or two states, one resembling K-Ras4B and the other N-Ras? A recent study of K-Ras4A made the remarkable observation that even in the absence of the palmitoyl, K-Ras4A can be active at the plasma membrane. Importantly, this suggests that K-Ras4A may exist in two distinct signaling states. In state 1, K-Ras4A is only farnesylated, like K-Ras4B; in state 2, farnesylated and palmitoylated, like N-Ras. The K-Ras4A hypervariable region sequence is positively charged, in between K-Ras4B and N-Ras. Taken together, this raises the possibility that the farnesylated but nonpalmitoylated state 1, like K-Ras4B, binds calmodulin and is associated with colorectal and other adenocarcinomas like lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. On the other hand, state 2 may be associated with melanoma and other cancers where N-Ras is a major contributor, such as acute myeloid leukemia. Importantly, H-Ras has two, singly and doubly, palmitoylated states that may also serve distinct functional roles. The multiple signaling states of palmitoylated Ras isoforms question the completeness of small GTPase Ras isoform statistics in different cancer types and call for reevaluation of concepts and protocols. They may also call for reconsideration of oncogenic Ras therapeutics.
The microbiome quality control project: baseline study design and future directions
Authors: Rashmi Sinha, Christian C. Abnet, Owen White, Rob Knight, Curtis Huttenhower
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

Microbiome research has grown exponentially over the past several years, but studies have been difficult to reproduce across investigations. Relevant variation in measurements between laboratories, from a variety of sources, has not been systematically assessed. This is coupled with a growing concern in the scientific community about the lack of reproducibility in biomedical research. The Microbiome Quality Control project (MBQC) was initiated to identify sources of variation in microbiome studies, to quantify their magnitudes, and to assess the design and utility of different positive and negative control strategies. Here we report on the first MBQC baseline study project and workshop.
Identification of a<i>CAST</i>Mutation in a Cohort Previously Misdiagnosed as Having Autosomal Recessive Pachyonychia Congenita
Authors: Richard M. Haber, Toby H. Rose
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

To the Editor This letter corrects our diagnosis from 1986, documents the CAST mutation in our patients from that time, and adds to the list of genodermatoses that may mimic pachyonychia congenita (PC).
Authors’ reply to Green and colleagues
Authors: Robin E Ferner, Nithya J Gogtay
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We are grateful to Dr Green and colleagues for their comments.1 2 We understand the dangers of malaria.3 It is gratifying that no operational British service personnel have died from malaria for two decades, although this may indicate better treatment, not effective prophylaxis.

Mefloquine was adopted by the …
Obese individuals experience wheezing without asthma but not asthma without wheezing: a Mendelian randomisation study of 85 437 adults from the Copenhagen General Population Study
Authors: Yunus Çolak, Shoaib Afzal, Peter Lange, Børge G Nordestgaard
Journal: Thorax (2015)

Observational studies suggest that obesity is associated with increased risk of asthma. However, it is unknown whether this could be explained by wheezing. We tested the hypothesis that high body mass index (BMI) observationally and genetically is associated with high risk of wheezing and asthma, and that the association between high BMI and asthma is explained by wheezing.We genotyped 85,437 individuals aged 20-100 years from the Copenhagen General Population Study for FTO (rs9939609), MC4R (rs17782313), TMEM18 (rs6548238) GNPDA2 (rs10938397) and BDNF (rs10767664); 14,500 individuals experienced wheezing and 5406 had asthma. Wheezing was self-reported, and asthma was ascertained through self-report, hospital contacts with asthma, and/or receiving medication for asthma. BMI was calculated as measured weight divided by measured height squared (kg/m2).In observational analyses versus BMI of 18.5-22.4 kg/m2, ORs for wheezing were 1.23 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.52) for BMI <18.5 kg/m2, 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) for 22.5-24.9 kg/m2, 1.44 (1.35 to 1.54) for 25-27.4 kg/m2, 1.86 (1.73 to 1.99) for 27.5-29.9 kg/m2, 2.48 (2.31 to 2.66) for 30-34.9 kg/m(2), 3.86 (3.48 to 4.28) for 35-39.9 kg/m2 and 6.05 (5.12 to 7.14) for BMI ≥40 kg/m2. Corresponding ORs for asthma were 1.28 (0.95 to 1.74), 1.07 (0.97 to 1.17), 1.14 (1.04 to 1.25), 1.32 (1.20 to 1.46), 1.39 (1.25 to 1.54), 1.54 (1.31 to 1.81) and 1.99 (1.55 to 2.56), respectively. Compared with BMI allele score 0-4, scores 5, 6 and 7-10 were associated with 0.22, 0.51 and 0.76 kg/m2 higher BMI, respectively. Genetically determined ORs per unit higher BMI were 1.22 (1.15 to 1.31) for wheezing, 1.18 (1.10 to 1.27) for wheezing without asthma, 1.08 (0.98 to 1.19) for asthma, and 0.85 (0.73 to 0.99) for asthma without wheezing. Corresponding observational ORs were 1.09 (1.09 to 1.10), 1.09 (1.08 to 1.09), 1.03 (1.03 to 1.04) and 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00), respectively.High BMI was associated with high risk of wheezing without asthma, but not with high risk of asthma without wheezing.
Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Infection and the Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Matthew S. Kelly, Daniel K. Benjamin, Karen M. Puopolo, Matthew M. Laughon, Reese H. Clark, Sagori Mukhopadhyay, Daniel K. Benjamin, P. Brian Smith, Sallie R. Permar
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) is typically benign in term infants but in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants can cause pneumonitis and sepsislike illness. Whether postnatal CMV infection results in long-term pulmonary sequelae in these infants is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the association between postnatal CMV infection and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and mortality in a large multicenter cohort of VLBW infants. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Conducted between October 2014 and June 2015, this propensity-matched retrospective cohort study involved 101 111 hospitalized VLBW (&lt;1500 g) infants at 348 neonatal intensive care units in the United States from 1997 to 2012. We matched infants with postnatal CMV infection 1:1 to comparison infants using propensity scores, and we used Poisson regression to examine the effect of postnatal CMV on the combined risk for death or BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. To describe features of postnatal CMV infection, we extracted clinical and laboratory data from 7 days before until 7 days after infants met criteria for postnatal CMV. <h3>Exposures</h3> Postnatal CMV infection was defined as a diagnosis of CMV or detection of CMV from blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or respiratory secretions on or after day of life 21. Infants with a CMV diagnosis or virologic detection of CMV prior to day of life 21 were not considered to have postnatal infection. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was death or BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age. <h3>Results</h3> Of 101 111 infants, 328 (0.3%) had postnatal CMV infection. We matched a comparison infant to 303 CMV-infected infants (92%) for a final cohort of 606 infants. The median gestational age and birth weight of this cohort were 25 weeks and 730 g, respectively. Postnatal CMV infection was associated with an increased risk for death or BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (risk ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.32) and BPD (risk ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19-1.50). Changes in cardiorespiratory status associated with postnatal CMV infection included a new requirement for vasopressor medications (9%; n = 29), intubation for mechanical ventilation (15%; n = 49), a new oxygen requirement (28%; n = 91), and death (1.2%; n = 4). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In VLBW infants, postnatal CMV infection was associated with increased risk for BPD. Further studies are needed to determine the role of preventive measures against CMV in this population.
Unmet needs in the transition to adulthood: 18- to 30-year-old people with hemophilia
Authors: Doris Quon, Mark Reding, Chris Guelcher, Skye Peltier, Michelle Witkop, Susan Cutter, Cathy Buranahirun, Don Molter, Mary Jane Frey, Angela Forsyth, Duc (Bobby) Tran, Randall Curtis, Grant Hiura, Justin Levesque, Debbie de la Riva, Matthew Compton, Neeraj N. Iyer, Natalia Holot, David L. Cooper
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Young adults with hemophilia face unique challenges during the transition to adulthood, including issues associated with switching from pediatric to adult hematology care, building mature interpersonal relationships, and establishing an independent career with an assurance of medical insurance coverage. A greater understanding of these challenges is essential for developing effective strategies to address the specific needs of this population. These challenges may be differentiated from those of older adults with hemophilia in large part because of more extensive childhood prophylaxis and safer factor products, resulting in fewer joint problems and lower rates of HIV and HCV infections. This analysis of the changing nature and unmet needs of today's young adults entering into adult hemophilia treatment centers, as well as potential strategies for optimally addressing these needs, was developed following roundtable discussions between patients, caregivers, hematologists, and other health care professionals participating in comprehensive care. Challenges identified among young adults with hemophilia include psychosocial issues related to maturity, personal responsibility, and increased independence, as well as concerns regarding when and with whom to share information about one's hemophilia, limited awareness of educational and financial resources, and a low perceived value of regular hematology care. The initiatives proposed herein highlight important opportunities for health care professionals at pediatric and adult hemophilia treatment centers, as well as national organizations, community groups, and career counselors, to address key unmet needs of this patient population. Am. J. Hematol. 90:S17–22, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accurate Quantification Methods for Aortic Insufficiency Severity in Patients With LVAD
Authors: Jonathan Grinstein, Eric Kruse, Gabriel Sayer, Savitri Fedson, Gene H. Kim, Ulrich P. Jorde, Colleen Juricek, Takeyoshi Ota, Valluvan Jeevanandam, Roberto M. Lang, Nir Uriel
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
Erratum to: Long non-coding RNA ROR decoys gene-specific histone methylation to promote tumorigenesis
Authors: Jiayan Fan, Yue Xing, Xuyang Wen, Renbin Jia, Hongyan Ni, Jie He, Xia Ding, Hui Pan, Guanxiang Qian, Shengfang Ge, Andrew R. Hoffman, He Zhang, Xianqun Fan
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

After the publication of this work [1], we noticed an error whereby two corresponding author’s names were missed from the Acknowledgements section. The corrected statement is provided below:
Aortic Aging in ESRD: Structural, Hemodynamic, and Mortality Implications
Authors: Gérard M. London, Michel E. Safar, Bruno Pannier
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Aging incurs aortic stiffening and dilation, but these changes are less pronounced in peripheral arteries, resulting in stiffness and geometry gradients influencing progression of the forward and reflected pressure waves. Because premature arterial aging is observed in ESRD, we determined the respective roles of stiffness and aortic geometry gradients in 73 controls and 156 patients on hemodialysis. We measured aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and brachial PWV to evaluate the stiffness gradient [(brachial PWV/aortic PWV)(0.5)] and ascending aortic and aortic bifurcation diameters to assess aortic taper (ascending aortic diameter/aortic bifurcation diameter). The global reflection coefficient was estimated from characteristic impedance and vascular resistance. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine mortality risk. The age-associated increase in aortic PWV was higher in patients (P<0.001). In controls, aortic ascending and bifurcation diameters increased with age, with an unchanged aortic taper. In patients on hemodialysis, age did not associate with increased ascending aortic diameter but did associate with increased aortic bifurcation diameter and decreased aortic taper, both of which also associated with abdominal aortic calcifications and smaller global reflection coefficient (P<0.001). In patients, multivariate models revealed all-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with age, aortic PWV, and aortic bifurcation diameter with high specificity and sensitivity. Using stiffness gradient, aortic taper, or global reflection coefficient in the model produced similar results. Thus, whereas aortic stiffness is a known independent predictor of mortality, these results indicate the importance of also evaluating the aortic geometry in patients on hemodialysis.
Gingival crevicular fluid and saliva
Authors: John J. Taylor, Philip M. Preshaw
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

Abstract Understanding the structure and function of the mouth, its tissues and secretions is of great interest to physiologists, cell biologists, immunologists and microbiologists but is also of fundamental interest to the dental professional interested in comprehending the aberrant processes associated with oral disease and in the application of effective clinical interventions. The field of periodontology, which has a truly multidisciplinary perspective cutting across leading edge molecular and cellular biology, clinical dentistry, epidemiology and behavioural science, exemplifies this. A paradigm shift in recent years has led to the consideration of the oral cavity (and, thus, oral disease) not in isolation but as a component integrated with systemic physiology, important in maintaining systemic health and reflective of systemic disease; this has served to promote periodontology, in particular, into the forefront of medicine in general. This volume of Periodontology 2000 considers the role of gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in physiological function, maintenance of oral tissue integrity, defense against pathogens and oral disease as well as the many, emerging applications of analysis of these fluids in support of periodontal disease diagnosis, prognosis and epidemiology. However, whilst the emphasis is on periodontal disease, the wider contexts of oral and systemic health are also key considerations.
OP0131 Effects of Some Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Ovulation in Women with Mild Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: S. Salman, B. Sherif, A. Al-Zohyri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> NSAIDs are popular and used as analgesics, antipyretics and anti-inflammatory agents for more than a century. They are sold without a prescription and taken by millions of patients every day all over the world. There has been recent concerns as to their use in females at child bearing age, as many animal studies showed unfavourable effects on ovulation. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study the effects of short term use of NSADs at their conventional dosages on ovulation. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty nine women at fertile age were chosen as volunteers to take part in this study, they visited the Rheumatology consultation clinic in Baghdad Hospital, suffering from minor backpain and received one of the three test drugs (diclofenac 100mg once daily, naproxen 500mg twice daily &amp; etoricoxib 90mg once daily). Treatment with the above drugs was given for ten days starting at day ten of the onset of the menstrual cycle. A blood sample was taken from each patients for hormonal analysis (progesterone level) together with an ultra sonsography to assess the mean diameter of the dominant follicle. At day twenty the patient came back for another ultra sonography &amp; to give a blood sample for another check for progesterone level. A fourth group served as controls, who received no treatment (control volunteers). <h3>Results</h3> There was significant inhibition of ovulation in patients treated with diclofenac, naproxen &amp; etoricoxib. Diclofenac was the highest inhibitor of ovulation compared to the other two drugs (naproxen &amp; etoricoxib). A significant decrease in progesterone level in all three groups in compared to the control group was found. Functional cysts have been observed in one third of patients by the end of the treatment period with diclofenac, naproxen &amp; etoricoxib due to unruptured follicles these disappeared at the next cycle. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The findings may serve as an alarm of the harmful effects of these drugs on female fertility and be taken into consideration in females planning to have a child. The above results may open the door for looking for an emergency contraceptivet safer than those at use. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared