tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accelerated reabsorption in the proximal tubule produced by volume depletion
Authors: Michael W. Weiner, Edward J. Weinman, Michael Kashgarian, John P. Hayslett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The renal response to chronic depletion of extracellular volume was examined using the techniques of micropuncture. Depletion of salt and water was produced by administration of furosemide to rats maintained on a sodium-free diet. There was a marked fall in body weight, plasma volume, and glomerular filtration rate. The intrinsic reabsorptive capacity of the proximal tubule, measured by the split-droplet technique, was greatly enhanced. The acceleration of proximal fluid reabsorption could not be accounted for by changes in filtration rate, tubular geometry, or aldosterone secretion. The half-time of droplet reabsorption in the distal tubule was not altered by sodium depletion. An increase in the reabsorption of fluid in the proximal tubule, as demonstrated directly in the present experiments, provides an explanation for a variety of clinical phenomena associated with volume depletion.
Towards a post-Freudian theory of repression: Reflections on the role of inhibitory functions
Authors: Ralph E. Schmidt, Martial Van der Linden
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Although Freud's merits may be readily acknowledged in the year of his 150th birthday, recent findings on repression-related phenomena cannot be accommodated by his classic conception, on which Erdelyi's theory is built. This point is illustrated by discussing the role of inhibitory processes. The unified theory of repression should be elaborated to generate falsifiable predictions on the reported phenomena.
Two arterial effective reflecting sites may appear as one to the heart.
Authors: R Burattini, G G Knowlen, K B Campbell
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The relation between reflected waves and features of ascending aortic pressure waveforms and impedance patterns was investigated with a modified T-tube model of the systemic arterial circulation. Ascending aortic pressure and flow and descending aortic flow were measured in 10 dogs under basal conditions and under the effect of an agent (methoxamine) that caused vasoconstriction and an increase of mean aortic pressure. A broad range of aortic pressure amplitudes and features was obtained. These waveshapes were classified into four groups. Under basal conditions, cases for which a prominent diastolic fluctuation was present (n = 8) were grouped in A. Cases for which this fluctuation was absent (n = 2) were grouped in B. Groups C (n = 4) and D (n = 3) included cases that, under vasoconstricted conditions, did or did not display, respectively, a diastolic fluctuation in pressure. Arterial T-tube model parameters were estimated by simultaneously fitting the model to both ascending and descending aortic flow with aortic pressure as input. A good fit was obtained in any case considered. After parameter estimation, forward and reflected waves and impedance patterns at the entrance of head circulation (head and upper limbs) and body circulation (trunk and lower limbs) as well as their merger in the ascending aorta were determined. T-tube input impedance compared well with impedance data points obtained from the ratio of corresponding harmonics of ascending aortic pressure and flow. In some cases (group A), modulus and phase spectra displayed two distinct minima, in the range from 0 to 10 Hz. In some other circumstances, these minima were less distinct (groups B and C) and could even appear as one (group D). Whether one or two minima appeared in the ascending aortic impedance spectra at low frequency and whether a prominent diastolic fluctuation did or did not appear in aortic pressure, pressure and flow waveshapes proximal to the heart were explained by the presence of two effective reflecting sites in the systemic circulation. In group B, a diastolic fluctuation in pressure was absent despite the fact that head-end and body-end reflected waves were distinct. This happened because body-end reflected waves peaked corresponding to a minimum of the head-end reflected wave. In group D, a diastolic fluctuation in aortic pressure was absent because the body-end reflected wave moved into systole and superimposed on the head-end reflected wave. This superimposition was due to increased pulse wave velocity in the body transmission path as a result of decreased arterial distensibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Diabetes in the National TV News: 1971–1981
Authors: James W Pichert
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Millions of Americans get virtually all their current events information from the national nightly television news programs. The purpose of this study was to learn what diabetes-related information had been broadcast over the last 11 years by the network news programs. Another objective was to learn how that coverage compared with that given other chronic diseases. The Vanderbilt Television News Archives (VTNA) has videotaped every ABC, NBC, and CBS nightly newscast since mid-1968. The contents of each telecast have been catalogued and indexed. Indexes were searched for every segment that had anything to do with diabetes from 1971 through 1981. In the last 11 years there have been 32 diabetes-related news segments. More than a third were about the controversial attempt to ban saccharin. Because each network may carry essentially the same story, the number of nonoverlapping reports was 20. The total time of the diabetes-related segments was 70 minutes. The topics covered by the news reports included oral agents (5 reports), artificial sweeteners (12), biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) (7), and an assortment of unique items. The 32 diabetes-related segments compare with 23 about arthritis, 215 about heart diseases, and 925 dealing with cancer. A compilation of the nonoverlapping segments has been shown to health professionals, who felt the stories were generally accurate. Diabetes is not portrayed as a killer. Therefore, diabetes seems less serious, and therefore less newsworthy, than heart disease or cancer.
Glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibition limits osteoclast activation and myeloma bone disease
Authors: Adel Ersek, Ke Xu, Aristotelis Antonopoulos, Terry D. Butters, Ana Espirito Santo, Youridies Vattakuzhi, Lynn M. Williams, Katerina Goudevenou, Lynett Danks, Andrew Freidin, Emmanouil Spanoudakis, Simon Parry, Maria Papaioannou, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Aristeidis Chaidos, Dominic S. Alonzi, Gabriele Twigg, Ming Hu, Raymond A. Dwek, Stuart M. Haslam, Irene Roberts, Anne Dell, Amin Rahemtulla, Nicole J. Horwood, Anastasios Karadimitris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are essential constituents of cell membranes and lipid rafts and can modulate signal transduction events. The contribution of GSLs in osteoclast (OC) activation and osteolytic bone diseases in malignancies such as the plasma cell dyscrasia multiple myeloma (MM) is not known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pathological activation of OCs in MM requires de novo GSL synthesis and is further enhanced by myeloma cell-derived GSLs. Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitors, including the clinically approved agent N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), prevented OC development and activation by disrupting RANKL-induced localization of TRAF6 and c-SRC into lipid rafts and preventing nuclear accumulation of transcriptional activator NFATc1. GM3 was the prevailing GSL produced by patient-derived myeloma cells and MM cell lines, and exogenous addition of GM3 synergistically enhanced the ability of the pro-osteoclastogenic factors RANKL and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to induce osteoclastogenesis in precursors. In WT mice, administration of GM3 increased OC numbers and activity, an effect that was reversed by treatment with NB-DNJ. In a murine MM model, treatment with NB-DNJ markedly improved osteolytic bone disease symptoms. Together, these data demonstrate that both tumor-derived and de novo synthesized GSLs influence osteoclastogenesis and suggest that NB-DNJ may reduce pathological OC activation and bone destruction associated with MM.
Targeting COPD: advances on low‐molecular‐weight inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase
Authors: Susana D. Lucas, Elsa Costa, Rita C. Guedes, Rui Moreira
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2011)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major increasing health problem and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports COPD as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. COPD refers to a condition of inflammation and progressive weakening of the structure of the lung as well as irreversible narrowing of the airways. Current treatment is only palliative and no available drug halts the progression of the disease. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a serine protease, which plays a major role in the COPD inflammatory process. The protease/anti-protease imbalance leads to an excess of extracellular HNE hydrolyzing elastin, the structural protein that confers elasticity to the lung tissue. Although HNE was identified as a therapeutic target for COPD more than 30 years ago, only Sivelestat (ONO-5046), an HNE inhibitor from Ono Pharmaceutical, has been approved for clinical use. Nevertheless, Sivelestat is only approved in Japan and its development in the USA was terminated in 2003. Other inhibitors in pre-clinical or phase I trials were discontinued for various reasons. Hence, there is an urgent need for low-molecular-weight synthetic elastase inhibitors and the present review discusses the recent advances on this field covering acylating agents, transition-state inhibitors, mechanism-based inhibitors, relevant natural products, and major patent disclosures.
The biology of radiosurgery and its clinical applications for brain tumors
Authors: Douglas Kondziolka, Samuel M. Shin, Andrew Brunswick, Irene Kim, Joshua S. Silverman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was developed decades ago but only began to impact brain tumor care when it was coupled with high-resolution brain imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The technique has played a key role in the management of virtually all forms of brain tumor. We reviewed the radiobiological principles of SRS on tissue and how they pertain to different brain tumor disorders. We reviewed the clinical outcomes on the most common indications. This review found that outcomes are well documented for safety and efficacy and show increasing long-term outcomes for benign tumors. Brain metastases SRS is common, and its clinical utility remains in evolution. The role of SRS in brain tumor care is established. Together with surgical resection, conventional radiotherapy, and medical therapies, patients have an expanding list of options for their care. Clinicians should be familiar with radiosurgical principles and expected outcomes that may pertain to different brain tumor scenarios.
Interacting Gene Clusters and the Evolution of the Vertebrate Immune System
Authors: T. Makino, A. McLysaght
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Unraveling the "code" of genome structure is an important goal of genomics research. Colocalization of genes in eukaryotic genomes may facilitate preservation of favorable allele combinations between epistasic loci or coregulation of functionally related genes. However, the presence of interacting gene clusters in the human genome has remained unclear. We systematically searched the human genome for evidence of closely linked genes whose protein products interact. We find 83 pairs of interacting genes that are located within 1 Mbp in the human genome or 37 if we exclude hub proteins. This number of interacting gene clusters is significantly more than expected by chance and is not the result of tandem duplications. Furthermore, we find that these clusters are significantly more conserved across vertebrate (but not chordate) genomes than other pairs of genes located within 1 Mbp in the human genome. In many cases, the genes are both present but not clustered in older vertebrate lineages. These results suggest gene cluster creation along the human lineage. These clusters are not enriched for housekeeping genes, but we find a significant contribution from genes involved in "response to stimulus." Many of these genes are involved in the immune response, including, but not limited to, known clusters such as the major histocompatibility complex. That these clusters were formed contemporaneously with the origin of adaptive immunity within the vertebrate lineage suggests that novel evolutionary and regulatory constraints were associated with the operation of the immune system.
Short Review of Connective Tissue Metabolism
Authors: H. G. B. Slack
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1955)

Our knowledge of connective tissue metabolism is mostly very new and can at present only be gleaned from widely scattered publications.An incomplete account of collagen metabolism is in- cluded in a recent symposium edited by Asboe- Hansen (1954), and there are fuller reviews of mucopolysaccharide metabolism.But these accounts do not, naturally enough, consider some important and more recent information.It would, therefore, seem
The Effect of on Admission Bundle Branch Block over Short and Long Term End-Points in Patients Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Vecih Oduncu, Atila Bitigen, Taylan Akgun, Ayhan Erkol, Arif Oguzhan Cimen, Can Yucel Karabay, Nihal Tefik, Ali Cevat Tanalp, Abdulmelik Yildiz, Yuksel Dogan, Cevat Kirma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Vascular smooth muscle cell senescence in atherosclerosis
Authors: I GORENNE, M KAVURMA, S SCOTT, M BENNETT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Markers of cell senescence have been identified in both the blood and vessel wall of patients with atherosclerosis. In particular, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) derived from human plaques show numerous features of senescence both in culture and in vivo. This review summarises the evidence for VSMC senescence in atherosclerosis, and outlines the mechanisms and triggers leading to their senescence.
Biogeography of Luminous Marine Ostracod Driven Irreversibly by the Japan Current
Authors: Katsunori Ogoh, Yoshihiro Ohmiya
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

The biogeography of the luminous marine ostracod Vargula hilgendorfii, also called "Umihotaru," shows that this organism may have arrived relatively recently on the Japanese islands during the final glacier period approximately 10,000 years ago. Phylogenetic relationships also strongly indicate that the Japan Current drove the Umihotaru ostracod northward. It is evident that the Umihotaru ostracod spread rapidly to the major Japanese islands 3,000 km north, whereas its spread was slow in the southwest of the Japanese islands, covering a distance of 400 km. The meandering of the Japan Current, where it passes by the Tokara Gap at 28°N latitude, may be a barrier to Umihotaru ostracod extension.
Increased left ventricular mass after thoracotomy and pericardiotomy. A role for relief of pericardial constraint?
Authors: M D Tischler, M Rowan, M M LeWinter
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Myocardial stretch and increased ventricular filling can lead to increased rates of myocardial protein synthesis. In animal studies, left ventricular mass increases after pericardiectomy, suggesting relief of a biologically meaningful restraining role and a resultant stimulus for growth. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that combined thoracotomy and pericardiotomy leads to left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction undergoing elective bypass surgery.Twenty-five patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction without active myocardial ischemia underwent Doppler and quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography 1 day before and 6 weeks and 7 months after elective coronary artery bypass surgery. The pericardium was left widely incised in all patients. Left ventricular end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, end-systolic circumferential wall stress, and mass were measured. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index increased from 51 +/- 11 mL/m2 to 62 +/- 14 mL/m2 (p < 0.05) at 6 weeks and to 66 +/- 14 mL/m2 (p < 0.05 versus baseline, p = NS versus 6 weeks) at 7 months. Left ventricular mass index increased from 109 +/- 23 g/m2 to 127 +/- 24 g/m2 (p < 0.05) at 6 weeks and to 131 +/- 23 g/m2 (p < 0.05 versus baseline, p = NS versus 6 weeks) at 7 months. There were no changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressures, end-systolic circumferential wall stress, or end-systolic volume.Patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction develop increases in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mass after coronary artery bypass surgery. These findings support the hypothesis that the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume associated with thoracotomy and pericardiotomy leads to myocardial growth and an increase in left ventricular mass.
Recurrent retroviral vector integration at the Mds1/Evi1 locus in nonhuman primate hematopoietic cells
Authors: Boris Calmels, Cole Ferguson, Mikko O. Laukkanen, Rima Adler, Marion Faulhaber, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Stephanie Sellers, Peiman Hematti, Manfred Schmidt, Christof von Kalle, Keiko Akagi, Robert E. Donahue, Cynthia E. Dunbar
Journal: Blood (2005)
Human CD3+ T lymphocytes that express neither CD4 nor CD8 antigens.
Authors: L L Lanier, J J Ruitenberg, J H Phillips
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

CD3+ T lymphocytes expressing neither CD4 nor CD8 antigens exist in normal human peripheral blood in low frequency (approximately 3% of lymphocytes). The CD3+,4-,8- phenotype was stably maintained after in vitro culture in IL-2. Culture of CD3+,4-,8- cells in only rIL-2 generated cytotoxic T cells that lysed NK-sensitive and NK-insensitive tumor cell targets without MHC restriction. These experiments clearly show that phenotypically and functionally competent T cells expressing neither CD4 nor CD8 are present in normal peripheral blood.
The Nuclear Receptor Coactivator AIB1 Mediates Insulin-like Growth Factor I-induced Phenotypic Changes in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Annabell Oh, Heinz-Joachim List, Ronald Reiter, Aparna Mani, Ying Zhang, Edmund Gehan, Anton Wellstein, Anna T. Riegel
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1 (amplified in breast cancer 1) is overexpressed in human breast cancers and is required for estrogen signaling. However, the role of AIB1 in breast cancer etiology is not known. Here, we show that AIB1 is rate-limiting for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-dependent phenotypic changes and gene expression in human breast cancer cells. Reduction of endogenous AIB1 levels by small interfering RNA in MCF-7 breast cancer cells prevented IGF-I–stimulated anchorage-independent growth by reducing IGF-I–dependent anti-anoikis. cDNA array and immunoblot analysis of gene expression revealed that reduction in AIB1 levels led to a significant decrease in the expression of several genes controlling the cell cycle and apoptosis. These AIB1-dependent changes were also observed in the presence of estrogen antagonist and were corroborated in the estrogen receptor-negative cell line MDA MB-231. AIB1 reduction decreased the expression of the IGF-I receptor and IRS-1 in MCF-7 but not in MDA MB-231 cells. IGF-I–stimulated activation of AKT was reduced by AIB1 small interfering RNA treatment, whereas mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) activation by IGF-I was unaffected. We conclude that AIB1 is required for IGF-I–induced proliferation, signaling, cell survival, and gene expression in human breast cancer cells, independent of its role in estrogen receptor signaling.
In vivo mature immunological synapses forming SMACs mediate clearance of virally infected astrocytes from the brain
Authors: Carlos Barcia, Clare E. Thomas, James F. Curtin, Gwendalyn D. King, Kolja Wawrowsky, Marianela Candolfi, Wei-Dong Xiong, Chunyan Liu, Kurt Kroeger, Olivier Boyer, Jerzy Kupiec-Weglinski, David Klatzmann, Maria G. Castro, Pedro R. Lowenstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

The microanatomy of immune clearance of infected brain cells remains poorly understood. Immunological synapses are essential anatomical structures that channel information exchanges between T cell–antigen-presenting cells (APC) during the priming and effector phases of T cells' function, and during natural killer–target cell interactions. The hallmark of immunological synapses established by T cells is the formation of the supramolecular activation clusters (SMACs), in which adhesion molecules such as leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 segregate to the peripheral domain of the immunological synapse (p-SMAC), which surrounds the T cell receptor–rich or central SMAC (c-SMAC). The inability so far to detect SMAC formation in vivo has cast doubts on its functional relevance. Herein, we demonstrate that the in vivo formation of SMAC at immunological synapses between effector CD8+ T cells and target cells precedes and mediates clearance of virally infected brain astrocytes.
Coach's eye
Authors: Rod Whiteley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

iOS/Android/Windows.

€4.45 and $4.99 base, additional $19.99 for “Everything Pack” (reviewed).

Coach's Eye can be considered simply as an advanced camera recording and playback app with the ability to mark up the videos (add overlaid lines, text, highlights, etc), but for the sports medicine physiotherapist, doctor, biomechanist or any clinician who needs to view athlete/patient movement, and analyse and give feedback, it is much more.

Camera apps rarely allow you to easily ‘scrub’ the video forward and backward at different speeds, or easily provide slow motion and frame-by-frame playback. Coach's Eye has an intuitive flywheel video scrubber interface that gives you this power. For many, this functionality, available in the least expensive base pack, will be enough for most needs.

Additionally, the app offers the ability to compare two videos side by side (eg, before/after, novice/expert, injured/uninjured, left/right) …