tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guideline on Muscle-Invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer (European Association of Urology Guideline): American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Endorsement
Authors: Matthew I. Milowsky, R. Bryan Rumble, Christopher M. Booth, Timothy Gilligan, Libni J. Eapen, Ralph J. Hauke, Pat Boumansour, Cheryl T. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

To endorse the European Association of Urology guideline on muscle-invasive (MIBC) and metastatic bladder cancer. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has a policy and set of procedures for endorsing clinical practice guidelines that have been developed by other professional organizations.The guideline on MIBC and metastatic bladder cancer was reviewed for developmental rigor by methodologists. The ASCO Endorsement Panel then reviewed the content and recommendations.The ASCO Endorsement Panel determined that the recommendations from the European Association of Urology guideline on MIBC and metastatic bladder cancer, published online in March 2015, are clear, thorough, and based on the most relevant scientific evidence. ASCO endorses the guideline on MIBC and metastatic bladder cancer and has added qualifying statements, including highlighting the use of chemoradiotherapy for select patients with MIBC and recommending a preference for clinical trials in the treatment of metastatic disease in the second-line setting.Multidisciplinary care for patients with MIBC and metastatic bladder cancer is critical. The standard treatment of MIBC (cT2-T4a N0M0) is neoadjuvant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy. In cisplatin-ineligible patients, radical cystectomy alone is recommended. Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy may be offered to high-risk patients who have not received neoadjuvant therapy. Chemoradiotherapy may be offered as an alternative to cystectomy in appropriately selected patients with MIBC and in some patients for whom cystectomy is not an option. Metastatic disease should be treated with cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy or with carboplatin combination chemotherapy or single agents in patients ineligible for cisplatin.Additional information is available at http://www.asco.org/endorsements/MIBC and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki.
Failure of GM-CSF to permit dose-escalation in an every other week dose-intensive regimen for advanced breast cancer
Authors: C.K. Osborne, M.C. Sunderland, J.A. Neidhart, P.M. Ravdin, M.D. Abeloff
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)

In an attempt to improve dose intensity and therapeutic effectiveness in breast cancer, GM-CSF was incorporated into a multi-drug every other week chemotherapy regimen that had been previously reported to have promising activity, but whose dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia.A Phase I-II study in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer was initiated using GM-CSF and a 5-drug chemotherapy regimen employing oral cyclophosphamide daily for 7 days and doxorubicin, vincristine, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin IV every 2 weeks for 10 courses. In the first 8 patients, GM-CSF in escalating doses (1-20 micrograms/kg s.c. per day) was given on days 8-13 of each 2 week cycle. In the last 12 patients, GM-CSF was given on days 3-14 of each cycle in an attempt to improve its effectiveness by prolonging treatment duration.The regimen was poorly tolerated. Only 10 patients completed all 10 courses of treatment, and most of those required dose delays and/or reductions. GM-CSF failed to reduce neutropenia when given by either schedule. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia was severe and progressive, especially with the more prolonged GM-CSF schedule in which the mean lowest nadir platelet count was 15,000/microliters. Anemia, fatigue, mucositis, and neutropenic fevers were also common, and dose escalations were not possible in any patient. Central venous catheter complications were also common. Complete or partial remissions were observed in 15 of 20 patients, but response durations were brief.GM-CSF in two different schedules failed to ameliorate myelosuppression when used in combination with this multiple drug, every other week regimen. Neutropenia and, especially, thrombocytopenia remained dose limiting.
Pilot study of topotecan and thalidomide in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas
Authors: P. Khosla, V. Monga, A. Taaca
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e13019 Background: Adults with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with radiation and chemotherapy have median survival of less than 12 months from diagnosis. Topotecan is a topoisomerase-1 inhibitor with activity in brain tumors and very little nonhematologic toxicity. Continuous infusion has been shown to have decreased hematologic toxicity. Thalidomide has antiangiogenic and immnunomodulatory effects. The combination would offer a multitargeted approach with no overlapping toxicity. Methods: Single-center prospective phase II study of 10 patients (median age 50, range 38–70) with high-grade recurrent glioma treated at Rush University Medical Center between 2002 and 2006 following IRB approval. All patients had failed at least one standard therapy and received a combination of the two drugs: topotecan by continuous infusion for 21 days, every 28 days at 0.4 mg/m 2 /day through a permanent in-dwelling catheter and thalidomide with starting oral dose of 100 mg/day, escalated by 100 mg/day per week to maximum of 400 mg/day by day 28. Dose reductions were made for grade 3 and 4 hematologic or nonhematologic toxicities. All patients received coumadin 1 mg/day DVT/PE prophylaxis. Assessment of response was done every 8 weeks by MRI and MRS. Results: Median number of cycles of study drugs = 3; median time to progression = 4 months; median survival = 12 months; DVT/PE = 40% of patients with low-dose coumadin prophylaxis. Conclusions: The combination of topotecan and thalidomide is feasible and shows moderate activity. The study is limited by small size and thromboembolic complications likely related to thalidomide in 40% of patients. Low-dose coumadin prophylaxis was not adequate in preventing thrombosis. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Enhancement of Rat Hepatocellular-Altered Foci by the Liver Tumor Promoter Phenobarbital: Evidence That Foci Are Precursors of Neoplasms and That the Promoter Acts on Carcinogen-Induced Lesions23
Authors: Kenshi Watanabe, Gary M. Williams
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Altered foci resistant to iron accumulation were induced by N-2-fluorenylacetamide in livers made siderotic by feeding 8-hydroxyquinoline and ferrous gluconate to inbred F344 rats. Following cessation of carcinogen feeding, most foci reverted to iron accumulation and could no longer be detected by 24 weeks, but some persisted for this interval. Futhermore, in 2 groups, 33 and 50% of rats developed liver tumors by 24 weeks after removal of the carcinogen. The addition of phenobarbital to the diet after cessation of carcinogen feeding enhanced persistence of altered foci and increased the incidence of liver tumors to 78--89%.
Abstract 14756: Controlling Hypertension in Blacks - A VA 10 Year Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Ross D Fletcher, Richard Amdur, Vasilios Papademetriou, Raya Kheirbek, Ronald E Jones
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Blacks have been considered more difficult to control than Whites, so we reviewed their care in 15 VA hospitals over a 10 year period (9/2000 to 8/2010). Methods: There were 582,881 hyp...
Predictive and prognostic role of E-cadherin expression in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with palliative chemotherapy
Authors: F. Graziano, F. Arduini, A. Ruzzo, I. Bearzi, B. Humar, H. More, P. Guilford, E. Testa, V. Catalano, S. Cascinu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9632 Background: Loss of E-cadherin (E-cad) expression has been related to adverse outcome of patients (pts) with resected gastric cancer. More recently, experimental models with cancer cell lines showed that chemosensitivity is affected by the E-cad expression status (Nakamura et al, Int J Mol Med, 2003). We investigated whether E-cad expression is correlated with the activity of chemotherapy and the survival of pts with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods: Consecutive pts with AGC who underwent palliative chemotherapy were considered eligible for study entry. Measurable disease, complete follow-up information and availability of tumor specimens for E-cad immunohistochemistry were mandatory inclusion criteria. Results: In 70 assessable pts, the median age was 55 years, the male/female ratio was 40/30, the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was 90–100 in 39 pts and 80 in 31 pts. Twenty pts had local relapse and 50 pts had metastatic disease. Chemotherapy was cisplatin and fluorouracil in 33 pts and cisplatin, fluorouracil and epirubicin in 37 pts. There were 13 complete responses, 20 partial responses, 20 stable diseases and 17 progressions. E-cad percentage of positive cancer cells was: >80% in 38 cases (positive E-cad); 20%–70% in 15 cases (reduced E-cad); <10% in the remaining 17 cases (negative E-cad). The activity of chemotherapy was unrelated to the E-cad expression status. Conversely, survival in the 32 pts with reduced/negative E-cad expression (27 weeks) was significantly worse than that observed in the 38 pts with preserved E-cad expression (38 weeks) (p<.01). E-cad expression retained its independent prognostic role in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: E-cad expression gives prognostic information in AGC pts, but it does not seem to possess a predictive role in vivo. Whether hypermethylation is a major mechanisms for E-cad downregulation and whether demethylating drugs may have therapeutic efficacy in this setting are novel fields of investigation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Gvhd Prophylaxis With Mycophenolate Mofetil and Calcineurin Inhibitor In Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation From HLA-Matched Siblings Or 7–8/8 HLA-Matched Unrelated Volunteer Donors: A Japanese, Multicenter, Phase II Trial
Authors: Takahiko Nakane, Hirohisa Nakamae, Saiko Kurosawa, Atsuo Okamura, Michihiro Hidaka, Takuya Yamashita, Akio Kohno, Takeshi Saito, Yasutaka Aoyama, Kazuo Hatanaka, Yoshio Katayama, Kimikazu Yakushijin, Toshimitsu Matsui, Akiyoshi Takami, Takuhiro Yamaguchi, Masayuki Hino, Takahiro Fukuda
Journal: Blood (2013)
Immune responses and outcome after vaccination with glioma-associated antigen peptides and poly-ICLC in a pilot study for pediatric recurrent low-grade gliomas
Authors: Ian F. Pollack, Regina I. Jakacki, Lisa H. Butterfield, Ronald L. Hamilton, Ashok Panigrahy, Daniel P. Normolle, Angela K. Connelly, Sharon Dibridge, Gary Mason, Theresa L. Whiteside, Hideho Okada
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are the most common brain tumors of childhood. Although surgical resection is curative for well-circumscribed superficial lesions, tumors that are infiltrative or arise from deep structures are therapeutically challenging, and new treatment approaches are needed. Having identified a panel of glioma-associated antigens (GAAs) overexpressed in these tumors, we initiated a pilot trial of vaccinations with peptides for GAA epitopes in human leukocyte antigen–A2+ children with recurrent LGG that had progressed after at least 2 prior regimens. Peptide epitopes for 3 GAAs (EphA2, IL-13Rα2, and survivin) were emulsified in Montanide-ISA-51 and administered subcutaneously adjacent to intramuscular injections of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized by lysine and carboxymethylcellulose every 3 weeks for 8 courses, followed by booster vaccines every 6 weeks. Primary endpoints were safety and T-lymphocyte responses against GAA epitopes. Treatment response was evaluated clinically and by MRI. Fourteen children were enrolled. Other than grade 3 urticaria in one child, no regimen-limiting toxicity was encountered. Vaccination induced immunoreactivity to at least one vaccine-targeted GAA in all 12 evaluable patients: to IL-13Rα2 in 3, EphA2 in 11, and survivin in 3. One child with a metastatic LGG had asymptomatic pseudoprogression noted 6 weeks after starting vaccination, followed by dramatic disease regression with >75% shrinkage of primary tumor and regression of metastatic disease, persisting >57 months. Three other children had sustained partial responses, lasting >10, >31, and >45 months, and one had a transient response. GAA peptide vaccination in children with recurrent LGGs is generally well tolerated, with preliminary evidence of immunological and clinical activity.
Phase I dose-finding and pharmacokinetic trial of irinotecan (CPT-11) administered every two weeks
Authors: M.L. Rothenberg, J.G. Kuhn, L.J. Schaaf, G.I. Rodriguez, S.G. Eckhardt, M.A. Villalona-Calero, D.A. Rinaldi, L.A. Hammond, S. Hodges, A. Sharma, G.L. Elfring, R.G. Petit, P.K. Locker, L.L. Miller, D.D. von Hoff
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Repeat Tdap Vaccination and Adverse Birth Outcomes—Reply
Authors: Lakshmi Sukumaran, Saad B. Omer
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasma norepinephrine in chronic schizophrenia
Authors: A Breier, O M Wolkowitz, A Roy, W Z Potter, D Pickar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Several lines of evidence indicate altered noradrenergic function in schizophrenia. The authors examined resting, standing, and change (standing minus resting) in plasma norepinephrine levels in 14 drug-free patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and in 33 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Schizophrenic patients had significantly higher resting and standing plasma norepinephrine levels and significantly greater change. Resting and standing levels were significantly related to positive and negative symptoms. There was a significant positive correlation between resting plasma and CSF norepinephrine levels and a significant negative correlation between CSF homovanillic acid and resting, standing, and change in plasma norepinephrine levels.
Crackdown on illegal vaccine sales in China leads to 37 arrests
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A massive illegal vaccine trading ring, operating in Shandong province, China, since 2011, has been shut down by the Chinese authorities, resulting in 37 people being detained. The official Chinese news agency, Xinhua, said that 25 different types of vaccines were procured from over 100 licensed and unlicensed pharmaceutical sales people.1

The vaccines were produced by qualified domestic and international manufacturers but were not properly refrigerated or transported, compromising their safety and efficacy. The vaccines were resold to 300 buyers in hospitals and …
Components of early intervention outpatient palliative care consultation in patients with incurable NSCLC
Authors: V. A. Jackson, J. Jacobsen, J. Greer, C. Dahlin, J. A. Billings, W. Pirl, P. Perez Cruz, S. Admane, C. Blinderman, J. Temel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20635 Background: Many experts recommend palliative care consultation early in the course of oncology treatment; however little is known about the components of this type of intervention. We sought to better define the components of early palliative care consultation in patients with recently diagnosed incurable cancer. Methods: As part of a larger randomized study of integrated versus standard palliative care in an ambulatory thoracic oncology clinic, we analyzed data from 47 patients who received early palliative care consultation within eight weeks of diagnosis of incurable NSCLC with a performance status of 0–2. Prior to randomization, patients completed questionnaires on quality of life (FACT-L) and mood (HADS) as well as illness understanding. The FACT-L Trial Outcome Index which is a combined score of physical, functional well being, and lung cancer symptoms was calculated and used in correlations to more fully assess quality of life. After the consultation, palliative care clinicians recorded how time was spent during the encounter. Results: Seven palliative care clinicians provided consultation to 47 patients. The mean total time spent with each patient was 59.5 minutes (SD 28.6). The major components of each consultation were symptom management 25.7 minutes (SD 15.8), patient and family coping 19.6 minutes (SD 14.7), and illness understanding and education 10.4 minutes (SD 7.6). Greater total consultation time was correlated with poorer performance status (r=0.30, p=0.04) and lower quality of life scores on the FACT-L TOI which is a combined score of physical, functional wellbeing, and lung cancer symptoms (r=0.36, p=0.01). Symptom management time was also correlated with lower quality of life scores on the FACT-L TOI (r-0.52, p&lt;0.001) and higher depression scores on the HADS (r=0.33, p=0.02). Conclusions: Initial palliative care consultation near the time of diagnosis in patients with incurable NSCLC is lengthy and comprised primarily of symptom management, patient and family coping, and illness understanding and education. Patients with poorer performance status and quality of life received longer total time in consultation and in time devoted to symptom management No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Third Generation Perfluorocarbon Causes Thrombocytopenia, Platelet Dysfunction and Changes In Blood Morphology in a Baboon Model Of Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Heather F Pidcoke, Robert E Shade, Maryanne C Herzig, Beverly S Schaffer, Chriselda G Fedyk, Nicolas Prat, Bijaya K Parida, James K Aden, Stephanie Anderson, Robert L Reddick, Andrew P Cap
Journal: Blood (2013)
Breast cancer in hospitalized psychiatric patients
Authors: D J Goode, W T Corbett, H M Schey, S H Suh, B Woodie, D L Morris, L Morrisey
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Elevated serum prolactin levels caused by antipsychotic agents have been suspected of increasing the risk of breast cancer. The authors reviewed all the cases of breast cancer in 1969-1978 among the female population of a large psychiatric hospital and compared the incidence and prevalence rates of this group to expected rates. The rates of breast cancer among these psychiatric patients were not higher despite their use of antipsychotic drugs.
Health and social care devolution: the Greater Manchester experiment:
Authors: Kieran Walshe, Anna Coleman, Ruth McDonald, Colin Lorne, Luke Munford
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Although we know that the aims of devolution are to improve health and reduce health inequalities, it is less clear how this will be achieved. <b>Kieran Walshe and colleagues</b> examine how it might work and the likely problems
Health conditions detected in a comprehensive periodic health evaluation of 558 professional football players
Authors: Arnhild Bakken, Stephen Targett, Tone Bere, Maria-Carmen Adamuz, Johannes L Tol, Rod Whiteley, Mathew G Wilson, Erik Witvrouw, Karim M Khan, Roald Bahr
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Despite the widespread use of periodic health evaluation (PHE) to detect and prevent injury and illness in athletes, its effectiveness in detecting health conditions and relevant risk factors is still debated.To assess health conditions detected by a comprehensive PHE in professional male football players and evaluate their consequences for participation clearance.A total of 558 professional football players in Qatar completed a PHE prior to the 2013 or 2014 seasons: history, general medical (including blood test), cardiovascular (12-lead ECG and echocardiography) and a musculoskeletal examination, including a specific test battery targeting lower extremity strength and flexibility. On the basis of the PHE, players were either cleared or not cleared for participation.In 533 players (95.5%), at least one health condition was detected requiring treatment or follow-up. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (≤30 ng/mL) was the most common medical condition (n=499, 89.4%), followed by hepatitis B non-immunity or infection (n=164, 29.4%). Cardiac screening identified 48 players (8.6%) with one or more abnormal findings (ECG (n=19, 3.4%) and echocardiography (n=14, 2.5%)). Musculoskeletal conditions were observed in 180 players (32.3%); injuries to or strength deficits of the hip/groin and thigh accounted for the largest proportion. Medical clearance was temporarily not given in 69 players (12.4%), while further examinations were being conducted. One player was disqualified from competitive football.PHE revealed a high prevalence of health conditions requiring treatment or follow-up in professional footballers; however, only 12.4% of conditions impacted on final clearance for participation.