tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of superior vena cava syndrome caused by thymic carcinoma
Authors: Mogeliy Hubutiy, Victor Sokolov, Vladimir Timerbaev, Evgeniy Tarabrin, Sergey Golovinskiy, Dana Ibragimova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction  Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are a rare disease, but they are the most common tumor of the anterior mediastinum in adults. They are asymptomatic until late. There are some potentially life-threatening manifestations of thymomic neoplasms like myasthenia gravis and superior vena cava syndrome. The palliative treatment of the mediastinal malignancies have poor prognosis and radical surgical therapy is the only option. Resection and reconstruction of the great mediastinal vessels in case of involved are technically challenging.  Materials and Methods  We report the case of a 63 year-old Caucasian female patient who presented superior vena cava syndrome derived from a mediastinal neoplasm compromising intrinsically and extrinsically the superior vena cava, right and left brachiocephalic vein. After evaluation the patient underwent radical resection of the tumor en bloc with the involved vessels and reconstruction with Y-shaped gore-tex graft. Cardiopulmonary bypass wasn9t used. The histological analysis of the surgical specimen was diagnosed as thimic carcinoma, stage III (Yamakawa-Masaoka staging). The patient was discharged after 25 days of hospitalization without chemotherapy and radiotherapy after the operation.  Results  The postoperative observation was conducted for a period of 2 and 6 months. There were no signs of recurrent disease or thrombosis of the prosthetic graft. The patient performed his daily chores without difficulty.  Conclusion  Extensive resections of the tumor tissue with involved adjacent organs and vessels are feasible, safe, and improve satisfactory survival in invasive thymomas. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy in case of radical resection are not necessary.
High complete remission rate from 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine in previously treated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: response predicted by rapid decrease of blood lymphocyte count.
Authors: G Juliusson, J Liliemark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE This study attempted to characterize the response of previously treated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to the purine analog 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CdA) and to assess factors that predict response. PATIENTS AND METHODS We treated 18 CLL patients with about-monthly courses of five daily 2-hour intravenous infusions of 0.12 mg CdA/kg. RESULTS Complete remissions (CRs) were achieved in seven patients (39%), with a total response rate of 67%. CR patients received a median of 4.5 courses. One patient with CR relapsed and died 14 months from start of CdA treatment, whereas the other six patients with CR remain in remission following a mean observation period of 14 months. The median duration of partial remissions (PRs) was 9 months, with a median treatment-free interval of 15 months. Thrombocytopenia was the most common dose-limiting toxicity. Non-responding patients had a median survival of 3.5 months, and systemic fungal infections were the most common cause of death. Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels improved significantly in hypogammaglobulinemic patients during CdA treatment. Responses were predicted by a rapid decrease of blood lymphocyte counts following the first treatment course. CONCLUSION A high CR rate was achieved with limited toxicity. A treatment strategy to enable high-quality response and limitation of treatment-related toxicity is provided.
P19 Serum creatinine underestimates renal function in patients with cirrhosis as compared to patients with organic renal disease
Authors: A Burroughs, M Garcovich, E Tsochatzis, D Georgadis, G Germani, G Fede, A Davenport, J O'Beirne
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  Although serum creatinine is a well-recognised marker of prognosis in cirrhosis, it is only an indirect marker of renal function as it is affected by various extra-renal factors. The measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the plasma clearance Cr-EDTA is an acceptable substitute of the gold standard of inulin clearance. We assessed the correlations of serum creatinine with GFR measured by Cr-EDTA in patients with cirrhosis in comparison with patients with renal disease.  Method  We analysed data from 298 consecutive patients who underwent GFR assessment by Cr-EDTA as part of their liver transplant work-up. We collected similar data on 187 consecutive non-cirrhotic patients who attended the renal outpatient clinic. GFR was assessed by bolus infusion of Cr-EDTA and single or serial serum measurements after 2, 4, 6 and 24 h. Spearman test was used to correlate serum creatinine and GFR in renal and liver patients. The significance of the difference between the correlations from the two groups was calculated by transforming the Spearman9s r to Fischer9s z-score, estimating the SE of difference between the two correlations and finally dividing the differences between the two z-scores by the SE. If the result was 1.96 or higher, then the difference in the correlation was considered significant in the 0.05 level.  Results  Serum creatinine significantly and inversely correlated with GFR in patients with cirrhosis (r=−0.702, p  Conclusion  Serum creatinine underestimates renal function in patients with cirrhosis compared to patients with renal disease. Serum creatinine cut-offs used to define renal failure in the general population are not applicable to patients with cirrhosis and should be re-evaluated as they systematically underestimate renal function.
Abstract 14169: Aggressive Life-style Modifications Facilitate Arrhythmia-free Survival in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Coexistent Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep Apnea Having Sporadic Recurrence Following First Ablation Procedure
Authors: Sanghamitra Mohanty, Prasant Mohanty, Luigi Di Biase, Rong Bai, Chintan Trivedi, Pasquale Santangeli, Richard Hongo, Steven Hao, Salwa Beheiry, David Burkhardt, Joseph Gallinghouse, Rodney Horton, Javier Sanchez, Shane Bailey, Jason Zagrodzky, Andrea Natale
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are well-known independent risk factors for AF recurrence. This study evaluated long-term ablation-outcome in AF patients with ...
Natural Transmission of Gibbon Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T G Kawakami, L Sun, T S McDowell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Gibbon leukemia virus can infect prenatal gibbons through in utero infection or postnatal gibbons through contact transmission. The transmission of infectious virus was from viremic gibbons and not from uninfected or antibody-positive animals. The two modes of transmission could be distinguished by the amount of proviral DNA Integrated into the muscle tissue of viremic gibbons. Muscle of gibbons Infected postnatally had little or no proviral DNA, whereas gibbons Infected prenatally had a large quantity of proviral DNA.
Rationing in general practice: Commentary: Courageous attempt, but needs clarification
Authors: P. Dormer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The Asbury draft policy is a courageous and decent attempt at clarifying the ways that difficult moral decisions on treatment could be taken in general practice. The document is muddled, however, and Crisp et al swing between moral high handedness and hand wringing uncertainty.

I do not believe that Crisp et al have sorted out what they mean when (a) they argue that they want to allow patients as much say as possible in their treatment and (b) they say that they believe a plurality of values is necessary in making rational decisions. They give an example of a patient being offered two treatments, each with different side effects, with one treatment costing slightly more …
Species-Specific Functions For Long Noncoding RNAs During Erythropoeisis
Authors: Vikram R Paralkar, Tejaswini Mishra, Jing Luan, Yu Yao, Andrew Kossenkov, Neeraja Konuthula, Xiuli An, Mohandas Narla, David M. Bodine, Ross C Hardison, Mitchell J. Weiss
Journal: Blood (2013)
Tissue Culture of Urinary Bladder Tumor Induced in a Rat by &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Butyl-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-(-4-Hydroxybutyl) Nitrosamine: Establishment of Cell Line, Nara Bladder Tumor&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K Toyoshima, N Ito, Y Hiasa, Y Kamamoto, S Makiura
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Cells of a urinary bladder tumor (transitional cell carcinoma) induced in a Wistar strain rat with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine have been maintained in tissue culture for 71 generations (about 1 ½ years) in Eagle's minimal essential medium with 20% calf serum. Under a phase-contrast microscope, this cell line, Nara Bladder Tumor II, appeared in culture as mosaic sheets of epithelium. Reinoculation of the cultured cells into Wistar rats resulted in development of exactly the same type of tumor as the original, and the cells kept the morphologic characteristics of the original urinary bladder carcinoma, sometimes developing a squamous cell carcinoma with pearls. On subcutaneous inoculation, the tumor at the site of inoculation showed cystic changes, whereas on intraperitoneal inoculation, disseminated tumors occurred in the peritoneal cavity with hemorrhagic ascites. There was a correlation between the number of cells inoculated and the survival time of the recipients. The chromosome number of the cultured cells was nearly tetraploid. The in vitro growth rates of these cells in the 7th, 27th, and 71st generations were essentially the same.
The Prognostic Impact Of Gene Rearrangements and Protein Expression Of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 In Young High-Risk Patients With DLBCL
Authors: Heike Horn, Marita Ziepert, Thomas F.E. Barth, Heinz-Wolfram Bernd, Martin Wartenberg, Alfred C. Feller, Wolfram Klapper, Michael Hummel, Harald Stein, Dido Lenze, Sylvia Hartmann, Martin-Leo Hansmann, Peter Möller, Sergio Cogliatti, Michael Pfreundschuh, Lorenz Trümper, Markus Löffler, German Ott, Norbert Schmitz, Andreas Rosenwald
Journal: Blood (2013)
CdSe/ZnS quantum dots induce hepatocyte pyroptosis and liver inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Yonghui Lu, Shangcheng Xu, Haiyan Chen, Mindi He, Youcai Deng, Zhengwang Cao, Huifeng Pi, Chunhai Chen, Min Li, Qinlong Ma, Peng Gao, Yan Ji, Lei Zhang, Zhengping Yu, Zhou Zhou
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Diagnostics for latent TB infection: incremental, not transformative progress
Authors: Madhukar Pai, Giovanni Sotgiu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is one of the strategies recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to control and eliminate tuberculosis (TB) disease worldwide, and is one of the elements of the WHO End TB Strategy [1]. While several developed countries have implemented and scaled-up programmes to detect and treat LTBI, developing countries have mostly focused on active TB disease control ( i.e. passive case finding and treatment of smear-confirmed patients). Existing latent TB tests have limited predictive value; transformative progress is needed to develop better tools <http://ow.ly/W4m4k>
A national syndromic surveillance system for England and Wales using calls to a telephone helpline
Authors: G E Smith, D L Cooper, P Loveridge, F Chinemana, E Gerard, N Verlander
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

Routine primary care data provide the means to monitor a variety of syndromes which could give early warning of health protection issues. In the United Kingdom, a national syndromic surveillance system, operated jointly by the UK Health Protection Agency (HPA) and NHS Direct (a national telephone health helpline), examines symptoms reported to NHS Direct. The aim of the system is to identify an increase in syndromes indicative of common infections and diseases, or the early stages of illness caused by the deliberate release of a biological or chemical agent. Data relating to 11 key symptoms/syndromes are received electronically from all 22 NHS Direct call centres covering England and Wales and analysed by the HPA on a daily basis. Statistically significant excesses in calls are automatically highlighted and assessed by a multi-disciplinary team. Although the surveillance system has characterised many sudden rises in syndromes reported to NHS Direct, no evidence of a biological or chemical attack has been detected. Benefits of this work, however, are early warning and tracking of rises in community morbidity (e.g. influenza-like illness, heatstroke); providing reassurance during times of perceived high risk (e.g. after the 7 July 2005 London bombs and December 2005 Buncefield oil depot fire); and timely surveillance data for influenza pandemic planning and epidemic modeling.
Good Clinical Practice Guidance and Pragmatic Clinical Trials
Authors: Robert J. Mentz, Adrian F. Hernandez, Lisa G. Berdan, Tyrus Rorick, Emily C. O’Brien, Jenny C. Ibarra, Lesley H. Curtis, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Randomized, clinical trials are commonly regarded as the highest level of evidence to support clinical decisions. Good Clinical Practice guidelines have been constructed to provide an ethical and scientific quality standard for trials that involve human subjects in a manner aligned with the Declaration of Helsinki. Originally designed to provide a unified standard of trial data to support submission to regulatory authorities, the principles may also be applied to other studies of human subjects. Although the application of Good Clinical Practice principles generally led to improvements in the quality and consistency of trial operations, these principles have also contributed to increasing trial complexity and costs. Alternatively, the growing availability of electronic health record data has facilitated the possibility for streamlined pragmatic clinical trials. The central tenets of Good Clinical Practice and pragmatic clinical trials represent potential tensions in trial design (stringent quality and highly efficient operations). In the present article, we highlight potential areas of discordance between Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the principles of pragmatic clinical trials and suggest strategies to streamline study conduct in an ethical manner to optimally perform clinical trials in the electronic age.
Shared care can work
Authors: E. C M Logan, M. J Auger, P. Cotton, P. I Otter
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—We welcome D A Fitzmaurice and colleagues' reference to quality assurance in their editorial on monitoring anticoagulation in primary care.1 In 1993 we have introduced a formal shared care policy for monitoring oral anticoagulant treatment in a district where few general practitioners are prepared to manage their own patients.2 This policy clearly defines areas of responsibility for the hospital, general practitioners, and community nurses.

A “yellow anticoagulant book” is used as the principal means of communication. Patients are initially seen in the clinic and are subsequently transferred to a community sampling system. …
HER3 as a biomarker of prognosis and panitumumab (Pan) benefit in <i>RAS</i>-wt advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC).
Authors: Jenny F. Seligmann, Faye Elliott, Bart Jacobs, Ace Joseph Hatch, Alexander Sibley, Susan Richman, Chen Jiang, Jenny Barrett, Kouros Owzar, Philip Quirke, Herbert Hurwitz, Matthew T. Seymour, Andrew B. Nixon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

3583 Background: EGFR pathway activation is important in aCRC, but EGFR expression is not predictive for anti-EGFR drug efficacy. Signalling occurs across ErbB receptors and EGFR may mediate oncogenesis by dimerization with other receptors, including HER3. Therefore, we here explore HER3 mRNA expression as a biomarker of prognosis and predictor of Pan benefit in a randomized trial in aCRC. Methods: HER3 expression, KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations were assessed in tumor from 308 patients (pts) randomized to 2nd-line irinotecan (Ir) or IrPan (PICCOLO, Lancet Onc 14:749-59). Prognostic analysis was in all Ir alone pts. Predictive analysis, in the 208 RAS-wt pts, compared baseline values with outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models. HER3 was treated first as a continuous variable; an exploratory binary model of high vs low expression was also tested. Results: Higher HER3 was significantly prognostic for OS (HR [per 2-fold change] = 0.91 [0.83-0.99], p = 0.04), but not PFS (HR = 0.93 [0.83-1.05], p = 0.25). Higher HER3 was associated with PFS benefit in IrPan-treated pts (HR = 0.71 [0.61-0.82], p < 0.001), but not Ir-treated pts (HR = 0.96 [0.82-1.13], p = 0.65). There was a strong biomarker/treatment interaction (p = 0.001), which remained after adjustment for BRAF status and primary tumor location; this was also seen for OS (interaction p = 0.004). HER3 status (above/below 66th centile) was not prognostic for OS (p = 0.35) or PFS (p = 0.86). However, it was predictive of Pan benefit: in RAS-wt pts with high HER3, median PFS was 8.2 mo (IrPan) vs 4.4 mo (Ir) (HR = 0.33 [0.19-0.58], p < 0.001); but pts with low HER3 had no benefit: 3.3 mo (IrPan) vs 4.3 mo (Ir) (HR = 0.96 [0.67-1.38], p = 0.84); interaction p = 0.002. A predictive effect was also seen for OS (interaction p = 0.01). Conclusions: Among RAS-wt pts, HER3 hold promise as a predictive biomarker for Pan benefit. High HER3 identified 1/3rd who gained markedly from Pan, vs 2/3rds who did not benefit, with statistically significant biomarker/treatment interactions for PFS and OS. This finding is of potential clinical utility, and deserves further study to confirm.
A model for active and healthy ageing with a rare genetic disease: cystic fibrosis
Authors: Raphael Chiron, Davide Caimmi, Arunas Valiulis, Isabelle Durieu, Patrick Tejedor, Yam Le Cam, Mathieu Boudes, Oliver Jonquet, Timo Strandberg, Jean-Pierre Michel, Esteban de Manuel Keenoy, Pascal Demoly, Jacques Mercier, Radolphe Bourret, Jean Bousquet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common life-limiting genetic condition in Caucasians, affects many organ systems. Specialised medical care, aggressive treatments [1] and proper nutrition both lengthen and improve quality of life for CF patients. Advances achieved over the last four decades have transformed CF from a fatal childhood disease to a long-term chronic condition. CF patients can now reach adulthood [2–5], although most of them still have a reduced life expectancy, and the adult population has passed from 44.55% in 2005 to 49.3% in 2010 (figure 1), the oldest patient being aged >80 years, from the 2010 European CF registry [6]. In the near future, even though CF paediatric care will remain crucial to assure the best growth for patients and transition to adulthood, CF centres may largely be considered as adult oriented [7], and we should, therefore, aim for the new concept of active and healthy ageing (AHA) in CF patients. Important controversies exist concerning the early- and long-term management of CF, which should be carefully considered when proposing a strategy for ageing well with CF [8]. Cystic fibrosis management today: an example of active and healthy ageing in patients suffering from a rare genetic disease http://ow.ly/V3JXt
Changes in Renal Blood Flow and PAH Extraction During Extracorporeal Circulation of Short and Long Duration: Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: K. Moghissi, E. S. Machell, K. A. Munday
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

Renal behaviour was studied in a series of 24 dogs before and during cardiopulmonary bypass of short and long duration. There was a definite reduction in renal blood flow, PAH extraction, and urinary output, which became more pronounced as the duration of perfusion progressed beyond 2 hr.
Abstract A46: INCB018424 induces apoptotic cell death through the suppression of pJAK1 in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Choi Eunkyoung, Jung Hana, Ahn Hojung, Hong Seung-Woo, Moon Jai-Hee, Shin Jae-Sik, Kim Kyu-Pyo, Hong Yong Sang, Lee Jae-Lyun, Choi Eun Kyung, Lee Jung Shin, Jin Dong-Hoon, Kim Tae Won
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Janus kinase (JAK) is one of the main upstream activators of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) that are constitutively activated in various malignancies and are associated with cell growth, survival, and carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated to role of JAKs in colorectal cancer in order to develop effective therapeutic targets for INCB018424, which is the first JAK1/2 inhibitor to be approved by FDA. After examining the basal expression levels of phospho-JAK1 and phospho-JAK2, we measured the effects of INCB018424 on the phosphorylation of JAK1/2 using western blot analysis. Cell viability was determined using the trypan blue exclusion assay. The cell death mechanism was identified by the activation of caspase 3 using western blot and annexin V staining. The basal levels of phospho-JAK1 and phospho-JAK2 were cancer cell type dependent. Colorectal cancer cell lines that phosphorylate both JAK1 and JAK2 include DLD-1 and RKO. INCB018424 inactivates both JAK1 and JAK2 in DLD-1 cells but inactivates only JAK1 in RKO cells. Cell death was proportional to the inactivation of JAK1 but not JAK2. INCB018424 causes caspase-dependent cell death, which is prevented by treatment with z-VAD. The inhibition of JAK1 phosphorylation seemed sufficient to allow INCB018424-mediated apoptosis. JAK1 is a key molecule that is involved in colon cancer cell survival and the inhibition of JAK1 by INCB01424 results in caspase-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. The use of selective JAK1 inhibitors could be an attractive therapy against colorectal cancer, but further clinical investigations are needed to test this possibility. Citation Format: Choi Eunkyoung, Jung Hana, Ahn Hojung, Hong Seung-Woo, Moon Jai-Hee, Shin Jae-Sik, Kim Kyu-Pyo, Hong Yong Sang, Lee Jae-Lyun, Choi Eun Kyung, Lee Jung Shin, Jin Dong-Hoon, Kim Tae Won. INCB018424 induces apoptotic cell death through the suppression of pJAK1 in human colon cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Drug Sensitivity and Resistance: Improving Cancer Therapy; Jun 18-21, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(4 Suppl): Abstract nr A46.
Prognostic Significance Of JAK3 Activating Mutations In Natural-Killer/T-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Tiffany Tang, Summer Pan, Ghee Chong Koo, Soo Yong Tan, Cedric Ng, Vikneswari Rajasegaran, Choon Kiat Ong, Leonard Tan, MRCPath MRCPath, Kevin Tay, Miriam Tao, Richard Quek, Kheng Wei Yeoh, Bin Tean Teh, Soon Thye Lim
Journal: Blood (2013)