tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Complex Admixture History and Recent Southern Origins of Siberian Populations
Authors: Irina Pugach, Rostislav Matveev, Viktor Spitsyn, Sergey Makarov, Innokentiy Novgorodov, Vladimir Osakovsky, Mark Stoneking, Brigitte Pakendorf
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Although Siberia was inhabited by modern humans at an early stage, there is still debate over whether it remained habitable during the extreme cold of the Last Glacial Maximum or whether it was subsequently repopulated by peoples with recent shared ancestry. Previous studies of the genetic history of Siberian populations were hampered by the extensive admixture that appears to have taken place among these populations, because commonly used methods assume a tree-like population history and at most single admixture events. Here we analyze geogenetic maps and use other approaches to distinguish the effects of shared ancestry from prehistoric migrations and contact, and develop a new method based on the covariance of ancestry components, to investigate the potentially complex admixture history. We furthermore adapt a previously devised method of admixture dating for use with multiple events of gene flow, and apply these methods to whole-genome genotype data from over 500 individuals belonging to 20 different Siberian ethnolinguistic groups. The results of these analyses indicate that there have been multiple layers of admixture detectable in most of the Siberian populations, with considerable differences in the admixture histories of individual populations. Furthermore, most of the populations of Siberia included here, even those settled far to the north, appear to have a southern origin, with the northward expansions of different populations possibly being driven partly by the advent of pastoralism, especially reindeer domestication. These newly developed methods to analyze multiple admixture events should aid in the investigation of similarly complex population histories elsewhere.
Clarity and causality needed in claims about Big Gods
Authors: Joseph Watts, Joseph Bulbulia, Russell D. Gray, Quentin D. Atkinson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract We welcome Norenzayan et al.’s claim that the prosocial effects of beliefs in supernatural agents extend beyond Big Gods. To date, however, supporting evidence has focused on the Abrahamic Big God, making generalisations difficult. We discuss a recent study that highlights the need for clarity about the causal path by which supernatural beliefs affect the evolution of big societies.
Thyroid Cancer in Rats From Ethylene Thiourea Intake
Authors: Borge M. Ulland, John H. Weisburger, Elizabeth K. Weisburger, Jerry M. Rice, Robert Cypher
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Administration of 350 and 175 parts per million ethylene thiourea in the diet of male and female Charles River CD rats led to a dose-related induction of follicular and papillary thyroid cancers, with pulmonary metastases, and of related lesions such as thyroid solid-cell adenomas and hyperplastic and simple goiter. The first tumor was found after 68 weeks; most cancers occurred after 18–24 months when the study was terminated. Control rats did not show these lesions.
HER-2/neu expression in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
Authors: S. Gupta, H. Sheikh, C. Schneider, X. Zhang, A. Padmanabhan, A. Ali
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e13035 Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a disease in which very few cytotoxic chemotherapy agents have been shown to have activity. This is partly due to their inability to cross the blood brain barrier. Trials with bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor that disrupts tumor angiogenesis, have demonstrated activity against this otherwise chemotherapy resistant disease. This has led to interest in other biologic agents that target angiogenic pathways for the treatment of GBM. Over-expression of HER-2/neu by human tumor cells is closely associated with increased angiogenesis and expression of VEGF. Lapatinib is a recently available low molecular weight immunotherapeutic agent that targets HER-2/neu proteins. In a recent study, breast cancer patients treated with lapatinib and capcitabine had decreased brain metastases indicating that lapatinib may cross the blood brain barrier and thus have potential in the treatment of malignant gliomas. Limited studies have evaluated HER-2/neu gene expression in GBM and the results are inconsistent. We evaluated the expression of Her-2/neu protein in 41 consecutive GBM cases to explore the potential utility of targeting this pathway. Methods: Archival histopathologic sections from 41 patients (age 26–89 years) with a diagnosis of GBM from 2004–2008 were reviewed. The diagnosis was confirmed and optimal sections were selected. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections using the primary antibody against HER-2/neu (clone 4B5, Ventana). The results were evaluated by three independent investigators. Interpretation was performed using the semi-quantitative criteria (Score 0 to 3+) currently used for primary breast carcinomas. Results: 38 out of 41 cases showed no immunohistochemical staining with HER-2/neu antibody (score 0). Three cases demonstrated weak, incomplete membrane staining of rare tumor cells (score 1+) and were interpreted as negative. The positive and negative controls worked properly. Conclusions: Our study indicates that there is no significant immunohistochemical over-expression of HER-2/neu protein in GBM. This suggests that HER-2/neu over-expression is not a significant oncogenic pathway in GBM, and therefore may not be a potential therapeutic target in this disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 23016: Dalcetrapib Mediated Increase in Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport Does Not Correlate with Raised HDL-C in Hamsters
Authors: Hiroshi Okamoto, Naoto Ogawa, Daisuke Takahashi, Eric J Niesor, Makoto Kakutani
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is suggested to play an important role through reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) towards reducing cardiovascular risk. Dalcetrapib selectively targets c...
QTc dispersion and risk of cardiac death in peripheral vascular disease
Authors: N. J Linker, A. P Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Single dose of oral dexamethasone for outpatient croupFailure to follow up all patients is a concern EDrTOR,-G C Geelhoed and colleagues con- clude from their study that oral dexamethasone at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg is effective in reducing return to medical care in children with mild croup.'The sample size seems adequate, though on the borderline for detecting a 90% reduction,
Antigen Expression and Colony Formation of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines After Superinfection With Epstein-Barr Virus2
Authors: Giovanni Rocchi, John Hewetson, Werner Henle, Gertrude Henle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Antigen Expression and Colony Formation of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines After Superinfection With Epstein-Barr Virus Get access Giovanni Rocchi, Giovanni Rocchi The Virus Laboratories at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Hewetson, John Hewetson The Virus Laboratories at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Werner Henle, Werner Henle The Virus Laboratories at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gertrude Henle Gertrude Henle The Virus Laboratories at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 2, February 1973, Pages 307–314, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.2.307 Published: 01 February 1973 Article history Received: 24 August 1972 Accepted: 13 October 1972 Published: 01 February 1973
Health-related quality of life among high-risk women in an MRI surveillance study
Authors: A. R. Bradbury, S. A. Cummings, J. J. Dignam, L. Patrick-Miller, M. Verp, M. A. White, L. Dudlicek, G. Newstead, H. Abe, R. Schmidt, O. I. Olopade
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

1522 Background: The quality of life (QOL) and psychological impact of incorporating MRI into breast cancer screening programs for high-risk women (HRW) has not been well studied. Psychological and biological risk factors, e.g. cancer history, BRCA mutation, imaging recall, generalized anxiety or clinical depression may mediate QOL outcomes. Methods: 100 HRW undergoing intensive surveillance including yearly mammography, semiannual breast ultrasound and breast MRI have completed QOL (SF-36), anxiety (STAI) and depression (Beck) questionnaires at semi-annual visits. 56 HRW have completed 3 screenings. Differences in QOL measures over time were evaluated using longitudinal regression models. Differences between participants and population norms (PN), women with/without a history of cancer and with/without a BRCA mutation were assessed using t-tests. Results: QOL scores increased over time and were statistically significant for the general health (GH) subscale (p=0.016). All QOL subscales were higher than PN at baseline and were significantly higher than PN at 12 months. Mean GH score at 12 months = 80.0, PN 72.7 (SD14.2, p&lt;0.01). Mean mental health score at 12 months = 78.9, PN 73.4 (SD14.9, p&lt;0.01). At baseline, BRCA carriers had lower QOL scores than non-carriers and women with a history of cancer had higher QOL scores than unaffected participants, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: These data suggest that intensive breast cancer screening incorporating breast MRI may have a positive effect among HRW. Continued enrollment will allow for multi-variate characterization of psychological and biological predictors of change in QOL and psychological well-being among high-risk women undergoing intensive screening. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Ethics of Introducing New Surgical Technology Into Clinical Practice
Authors: Peter Angelos
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Targeted delivery of siRNA to activated T cells via transferrin-polyethylenimine (Tf-PEI) as a potential therapy of asthma
Authors: Yuran Xie, Na Hyung Kim, Venkatareddy Nadithe, Dana Schalk, Archana Thakur, Ayşe Kılıç, Lawrence G. Lum, David J.P. Bassett, Olivia M. Merkel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
“An Uncommonly Silly Law” — Contraception and Disparities in the United States
Authors: Heather M. Prescott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Today, conservative social mores are putting U.S. women's access to safe, affordable contraception at risk. But legal threats to women's reproductive health are not new. In 1965, the Supreme Court overturned a Connecticut law that criminalized the use of birth control.
Sit-stand desks offer little evidence of health benefits, review finds
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Concerns about the effect that long periods of sitting can have on health has prompted a growth in workplace interventions such as sit-stand desks, but an updated review published by the Cochrane Library has found little evidence that they benefit health.1

Sitting time has been linked to increased obesity, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality, and an expert group, commissioned last year by Public Health England, recommended that office workers spend two to four hours on their feet each day.2

A team of Cochrane researchers looked at 20 studies that assessed the effect of different strategies to encourage people to reduce the amount of time …
Evidence for an aggressive biological behaviour of brain metastases in advanced colorectal cancer patients
Authors: C. Garufi, B. Vanni, C. Francesca, C. Campanella, A. M. Aschelter, E. Bria, C. Nisticò, F. Cuppone, I. Sperduti, E. Terzoli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1579 Background: Brain metastases (BM) occur in 4% of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and are considered as a late event in the natural course of this disease with a median survival of only 3,8 months (Zorrilla M, Tumori 2001). Methods: we reviewed 240 patients with CRC from January 1995 to December 2002 and examined 16 of them (6,6%) with BM. Results: patient characteristics: median age 62.5 years (range 21–78); male/female 5/11; PS at diagnosis 0–1: 13 pts (81%), PS 2: 3 pts (19%); PS at BM diagnosis 0–1: 12 pts (75%), 2: 4 pts (25%); primary site colon/rectum 9/7; synchro-nous/metachronous metastases 9 pts (57%)/ 7 pts (43%); liver metastases 12 pts (75%), lung 10 pts (62%); other sites 5 pts (31%); n° of previous chemotherapy lines 1 (6 pts), 2 (2 pts), 3 (4 pts), 4 (2 pts), 5 (1 pt). Only three patients (18%) developed BM sinchronous with visceral metastases (liver, lung, bones). BM were diagnosed by TC in 6 pts (37%), MRI 8 pts (50%) or both 1 pt (6%), after presence of the following neurological symptoms: headache 7 pts (44%), hemiparesis 3 pts (19%), ataxia 6 pts (37%), diplopia 2 pts (12%) and other symptoms 5 pts (31%). The number of BM were 1–4 and > 4 in 14 pts (87%) and 2 pts (12%) respectively; sites of BM: cerebral/cerebellar lesions 10 pts (62%)/ 6 pts (37%). Surgery for BM was performed in 2 pts (12%) with major- (1pt) and micro-surgery resection (1pt); RT was used in 10 pts (62%): whole brain RT 8 pts (50%) with a median dose of 34,5 Gy; stereotaxic RT 2 pts (12.5%), with a median dose of 15 Gy. Nine patients (56%) underwent chemotherapy after surgical or radioterapic BM treatment. Median time from disease recurrence to BM diagnosis was 10 months (range 0–46); median survival from BM diagnosis was 3 months (range 0–7) with 1 year OS of 8.6%. Conclusions: BM in advanced CRC is still a rare event. However our experience shows that BM occur within 12 months of metastatic setting, indicating a peculiar biological aggressive behaviour in these patients. If confirmed early diagnosis and adequate treatment could improve poor patient prognosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Treatment of pancreaticoportal fistula by endosonography-guided rendezvous
Authors: Rafael Kemp, José Ardengh, José Brunaldi, Jorge Elias-Junior, Valdair Muglia, Leonor Savarese, José dos Santos
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Pancreatic fistula may occur as a complication of chronic pancreatitis [1] [2] [3]. However, a communicating fistula between the pancreatic ductal system and the portal vein is a rare and difficult-to-treat complication [4].
Original article: Fluorouracil-alone versus high-dose folinic acid and fluorouracil in advanced colorectal cancer: A randomized trial of the Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research (GOIRC)
Authors: F.Di Costanzo, R. Bartolucci, F. Calabresi, M. Sofra, M. Marzola, V. Belsanti, C. Boni, M. Bacchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1992)

One hundred eighty-one patients with measurable recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer, who had not received prior chemotherapy, were randomized in a prospective controlled trial to receive 5-fluorouracil (5FU), 13.5 mg/kg, for five days (arm A) or high-dose folinic acid [Cyanamid-Lederle, Italy] (FA), 200 mg/m2, for five days and 5FU, 400 mg/m2 for five days (arm B). The treatments were repeated every four weeks. One hundred fifty-five patients were evaluable for response. The two arms were balanced for all potential prognostic factors studied. The response rate (CR+PR) was 18% in the 5FU arm and 16% in the 5FU plus FA arm. Median duration of response was 56 weeks for 5FU alone and 42 weeks for the combination (p = 0.48). Median time to failure (TTF) was 20 weeks for arm A and 21 for arm B (p = 0.62). Median survival was 62 weeks on the 5FU arm and 53 weeks on the FA plus 5FU arm (p = 0.14). Dose intensity (DI) delivered was the same in both arms. Diarrhea and mucositis were the most frequent adverse reactions in arm B; 20% of the patients in arm A and 38% of those in arm B experienced diarrhea (p = 0.008). Mucositis occurred in 34% of patients in arm A and 42% in arm B (p = 0.04). In general nausea and vomiting were moderate. Hematological toxicity was more severe in patients treated with 5FU alone: 31% in arm A and 14% in arm B developed leukopenia (p = 0.015). In the combination arm one patient died due to gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity after the seventh cycle. This study indicates that, in advanced colorectal cancer, the combination of high-dose FA and 5FU is not superior to 5FU alone when utilized at standard high-dose intensity.
Closing the digital divide
Authors: A. D Weeks
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Ten ways to improve information technology in the NHS Users, not geeks, should design interfaceEditor-With reference to the article by Majeed et al, 1 the consultation is central to medicine, and information technology must facilitate it.With the constant changes in information technology it remains nascent, disjointed, and user hostile.It is no surprise that implementation remains problematic.Paper records will be superseded, but successors must emulate their familiarity and simplicity.The authors do not mention the main weakness-what users see and what they can do with it.Background issues (coding, networks, intranets, security, maintenance, data transfer, etc) are the province of geeks.Even the brand leader (EMIS) is difficult to operate in consultation, and its presentation of data, especially lab results, is dire.Interfaces operated by hand via large colour liquid crystal display touch screens are the technologies that can transform health computing by rendering the consultation process "natural."Healthcare computing will be wonderful when the user can use it easily.Get users, not geeks, to design the interface, and the project will take wing.
Mice Lacking Both Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF) and Granulocyte-Macrophage CSF Have Impaired Reproductive Capacity, Perturbed Neonatal Granulopoiesis, Lung Disease, Amyloidosis, and Reduced Long-Term Survival
Authors: John F. Seymour, Graham J. Lieschke, Dianne Grail, Cathy Quilici, George Hodgson, Ashley R. Dunn
Journal: Blood (1997)
Isolation of infectious Zika virus from saliva and prolonged viral RNA shedding in a traveller returning from the Dominican Republic to Italy, January 2016
Authors: Luisa Barzon, Monia Pacenti, Alessandro Berto, Alessandro Sinigaglia, Elisa Franchin, Enrico Lavezzo, Pierluigi Brugnaro, Giorgio Palù
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

We report the isolation of infectious Zika virus (ZIKV) in cell culture from the saliva of a patient who developed a febrile illness after returning from the Dominican Republic to Italy, in January 2016. The patient had prolonged shedding of viral RNA in saliva and urine, at higher load than in blood, for up to 29 days after symptom onset. Sequencing of ZIKV genome showed relatedness with strains from Latin America.
Randomized study of zorubicin versus zorubicin-cisplatin in undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx (UCNT)
Authors: S. Jelić, V. Kovčin, N. Milanović, M. Kreačić, I. Pendjer, V. Jovanović, Z. Ristović, M. Oprić, L. Mitrović
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Tumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Facing the Challenges
Authors: Li-Chun Lu, Chih-Hung Hsu, Chiun Hsu, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Liver Cancer (2016)

Tumor heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), such as that found in second primary tumors after curative treatment, synchronous multifocal tumors of different clonality, or intratumor heterogeneity, poses severe challenges for the development and administration of systemic molecular targeted therapies. Various methodologies, including historical DNA ploidy analysis, integrated hepatitis B virus DNA analysis, DNA fingerprinting, and next-generation sequencing technologies, are used to explore tumor heterogeneity in HCC. It is estimated that 30%-60% of recurrent or metastatic tumors harbor clones different from the primary tumor, 22%-79% of synchronous tumors vary clonally, and 12%-66% of single tumors contain intratumor heterogeneity. Substantial intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity renders biomarker identification, which is critical for the development and administration of molecular targeted therapy, challenging when applied to a single tumor biopsy specimen. The use of circulating tumor cells or circulating tumor DNA to evaluate overall tumor heterogeneity may help resolve this problem. This article reviews previous studies of tumor heterogeneity and discusses the implications and future opportunities regarding tumor heterogeneity in HCC.