tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ventilatory management in patients after intestinal transplantation
Authors: Man-Ju Ting, Yun Chen, Shih-Lung Cheng
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Intestinal transplantation (IT) is a life-saving therapy for the patients with intestinal failure. However, ventilatory management of intestinal transplant recipients in the immediate post-operative period is difficult and challenging. Therefore, our aim was to establish the criteria for postoperative extubation, identify risk factors for prolonged ventilator needs.  We conducted an observational, prospective clinical trial and performed retrospective chart reviews of 7 patients receiving IT between 2007 and 2012 at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups; 3 patients were not successfully extubated within 72 hours of the IT operation (ventilated, V) and 4 were (extubated, E). The median age and weight in the V group were significantly lower than the E group, 9.67 yrs vs. 28.25 yrs and 23.33 kg vs. 36.75 kg respectively. When compared to the E group, congenital Hirschprung9s disease as cause of intestinal failure, preexisting respiratory disease, severe acute rejection, immunosuppressive level and longer operation time were more common in the V group. The consequences of not being extubated within 72 hours were increased number of chest radiographs (median 40 for V and 9.5 for E), blood gas draws (median 120 for V and 10 for E,) and length of stay in the ICU (median 31 days for V and 9 days for E). IT has evolved into a therapeutic option, with an overall patient and graft survival rate of 100%.  Younger IT recipients were less likely to be extubated within 72 hours of IT operation. Hirschprung9s disease, preexisting respiratory disease, severe acute rejection, immunosuppressive level and longer operation time appear to have an impact on ability to extubate.
Monosomy 7 in myeloid malignancies: parental origin and monitoring by real-time quantitative PCR
Authors: G Porta, E Maserati, E Mattarucchi, A Minelli, B Pressato, R Valli, M Zecca, M E Bernardo, F Lo Curto, F Locatelli, C Danesino, F Pasquali
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Macrophage mannose receptor in chronic sinus disease
Authors: S. Claeys, T. De Belder, G. Holtappels, P. Gevaert, B. Verhasselt, P. Van Cauwenberge, C. Bachert
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: The role of infectious agents in the onset and maintenance of chronic sinus disease is still not fully understood. Macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), an innate pattern recognizing receptor, capable of phagocytosis of invaders and signal transduction for proinflammatory mechanisms, might be of importance in immune interactions in chronic sinus disease. Objective: We examined the MMR in sinonasal airway mucosa to evaluate its possible role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CS) and nasal polyposis (NPs). Methods: Surgical samples from patients with sinonasal disease were investigated with real‐time RT‐PCR for quantification of MMR mRNA expression, and the presence and location of MMR‐positive cells was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Quantification of MMR mRNA showed a statistically significant higher expression in NPs compared to CS without NP and controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of MMR in all tissue samples; however, in NP we found an enhanced positive cellular staining including cell aggregates. Conclusions: We could demonstrate for the first time that the expression of MMR is significantly upregulated in NP compared to patients with CS without NP or turbinate tissue of controls. Macrophages expressing MMR, accumulated in cell aggregates in NPs, play a possible key role in pathogen–macrophage interaction in NP disease.
Predicting the likelihood of an isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 mutation in diagnoses of infiltrative glioma
Authors: L. Chen, Z. Voronovich, K. Clark, I. Hands, J. Mannas, M. Walsh, M. N. Nikiforova, E. B. Durbin, H. Weiss, C. Horbinski
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Several variables are associated with the likelihood of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1/2) mutation in gliomas, though no guidelines yet exist for when testing is warranted, especially when an R132H IDH1 immunostain is negative. A cohort of 89 patients was used to build IDH1/2 mutation prediction models in World Health Organization grades II–IV gliomas, and an external cohort of 100 patients was used for validation. Logistic regression and backward model selection with the Akaike information criterion were used to develop prediction models. A multivariable model, incorporating patient age, glioblastoma multiforme diagnosis, and prior history of grade II or III glioma, was developed to predict IDH1/2 mutation probability. This model generated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.934 (95% CI: 0.878, 0.978) in the external validation cohort and 0.941 (95% CI: 0.918, 0.962) in the cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas. When R132H IDH1 immunostain information was added, AUC increased to 0.986 (95% CI: 0.967, 0.998). This model had an AUC of 0.947 (95% CI: 0.891, 0.995) in predicting whether an R132H IDH1 immunonegative case harbored a less common IDH1 or IDH2 mutation. The models were also 94% accurate in predicting IDH1/2 mutation status in gliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas. An interactive web-based application for calculating the probability of an IDH1/2 mutation is now available using these models. We have integrated multiple variables to generate a probability of an IDH1/2 mutation. The associated web-based application can help triage diffuse gliomas that would benefit from mutation testing in both clinical and research settings.
Health effects of residence near hazardous waste landfill sites: a review of epidemiologic literature.
Authors: M Vrijheid
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

This review evaluates current epidemiologic literature on health effects in relation to residence near landfill sites. Increases in risk of adverse health effects (low birth weight, birth defects, certain types of cancers) have been reported near individual landfill sites and in some multisite studies, and although biases and confounding factors cannot be excluded as explanations for these findings, they may indicate real risks associated with residence near certain landfill sites. A general weakness in the reviewed studies is the lack of direct exposure measurement. An increased prevalence of self-reported health symptoms such as fatigue, sleepiness, and headaches among residents near waste sites has consistently been reported in more than 10 of the reviewed papers. It is difficult to conclude whether these symptoms are an effect of direct toxicologic action of chemicals present in waste sites, an effect of stress and fears related to the waste site, or an effect of reporting bias. Although a substantial number of studies have been conducted, risks to health from landfill sites are hard to quantify. There is insufficient exposure information and effects of low-level environmental exposure in the general population are by their nature difficult to establish. More interdisciplinary research can improve levels of knowledge on risks to human health of waste disposal in landfill sites. Research needs include epidemiologic and toxicologic studies on individual chemicals and chemical mixtures, well-designed single- and multisite landfill studies, development of biomarkers, and research on risk perception and sociologic determinants of ill health.
HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS TYPE I (HTLV-I) AND HUMAN DISEASES
Authors: Takashi Uchiyama
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1997)

▪ Abstract HTLV-I infection is causally associated with a variety of human diseases including leukemia/lymphoma, myelopathy, uveitis, and arthropathy. Tax protein of HTLV-I, which is considered oncogenic, binds to transcription factors or other cytoplasmic cellular molecules involved in the fundamental cell function and thereby induces cellular changes. The interaction between HTLV-I–infected cells with dysregulated function and different kinds of cells in the host, such as lymphocytes and vascular endothelial cells through viral peptides, antigen receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and cytokines, appears to be one of the basic mechanisms underlying the development of HTLV-I–associated diseases. This interaction may play a major role in determining tumorigenicity and in forming clinical features of the diseases. The in vivo cell proliferation model of HTLV-I–infected cells using severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice can differentiate tumorigenicity from cell immortalization in vitro. The OX40 and its ligand gp34, which are induced by HTLV-I infection and directly mediate the adhesion between HTLV-I–infected T cells and vascular endothelial cells, may be critically involved in the localization and proliferation of HTLV-I–infected cells in vivo.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Platelet Reactivity and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Time-Dependent Analysis of the Gauging Responsiveness With a VerifyNow P2Y12 Assay: Impact on Thrombosis and Safety (GRAVITAS) Trial”
Authors: Matthew J. Price, Paul S. Teirstein, Eric J. Topol, Elizabeth Lillie, Steven V. Manoukian, Peter B. Berger, Jean-François Tanguay, Christopher P. Cannon, Dominick J. Angiolillo
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Cyclophosphamide for the treatment of inflammation driven fibrotic interstitial lung disease
Authors: Shashank Sharma, Winston Banya, Elizabeth Renzoni, Athol Wells, Maher Toby
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Aim: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders with different histological subtypes, pathobiology, prognosis and response to treatment. There is paucity of randomised controlled trials to guide treatment in majority of ILDs, however, cyclophosphamide is widely used in the treatment of inflammatory driven ILD. We sought to retrospectively assess treatment response to cyclophosphamide in our cohort of ILD patients.  Method:  Using electronic medical records and our pharmacy database we identified all patients treated with at least one dose of cyclophosphamide between January 2010 and December 2011. Only patients with lung function data available from at least 6 months prior to treatment through to 6 months after completion of cyclophosphamide were included in analyses. Results:  A total of 192 electronic patient records were screened and 100 patients were excluded due to incomplete data. Patient characteristics are shown in table 1. There was a significant change in the ΔFVC when comparing the 6 month period before (-5.13% ± S.D. 1.0186 %) and the six month period after (-1.45% ± S.D. 0.8583) treatment with cyclophosphamide (p = 0.0133). . Similarly ΔDlCO also improved from -5.75% ± S.D. 07864 to -1.33% ± S.D. 0.6537 (p = 0.0002). Conclusion:  Monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide, is a safe and effective treatment in an unselected group of patients with inflammation driven fibrotic ILD.
Impact of Physical Fitness and Glycemic Control on In Vivo Insulin Action in Adolescents With IDDM
Authors: Silva Arslanian, Patricia A Nixon, Dorothy Becker, Allan L Drash
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The relationship of in vivo insulin-mediated glucose utilization to the state of physical fitness and the degree of glycemic control was examined in 27 adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) compared with 10 nondiabetic adolescent control subjects. In vivo total-body insulin-mediated glucose metabolism was evaluated by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Physical fitness was assessed by maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2 max) during cycle ergometry. Patients and control subjects had similar levels of Vo2 max (34.9 ± 8.6 vs. 38.6 ± 9.9 ml · kg−1 · min−1, P = 0.3). Patients had lower total-body insulin-mediated glucose metabolism compared with control subjects (33.9 ± 14.3 vs. 63.8 ± 17.2 μmol · kg−1 · min−1, P = 0.0002). Among the patients, females had lower total-body insulin-mediated glucose metabolism compared with males (24.2 ± 2.8 vs. 40.7 ± 3.4 μmol · kg−1 · min−1, P &amp;lt; 0.001); however, this difference disappeared after correcting for sex differences in fitness levels. Insulin-mediated glucose metabolism correlated with Vo2 max in patients and control subjects (r = 0.83, r = 0.81, P &amp;lt; 0.05). The regression of total-body insulin-mediated glucose metabolism on Vo2 max for patients was −2.84 ± 0.255 Vo2 max and for control subjects was 7.12 ± 0.143 Vo2 max, indicating that for similar degrees of physical fitness patients have lower total body insulin-mediated glucose metabolism levels than control subjects. In patients, total-body insulin-mediated glucose metabolism correlated with the degree of glycemic control as assessed by the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (r = −0.63, P &amp;lt; 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis including Vo2 max and glycosylated hemoglobin, the coefficient of determination explaining the variation in total-body insulin-mediated glucose metabolism was 73%. It is concluded that adolescents with IDDM are insulin resistant compared with healthy control subjects, and this resistance is attributable to the state of diabetes control. However, the level of physical fitness explains a major part of interindividual variation in insulin action in both control subjects and adolescents with IDDM.
Exposure to Traffic-related Particles and Endotoxin during Infancy Is Associated with Wheezing at Age 3 Years
Authors: Patrick H. Ryan, David I. Bernstein, James Lockey, Tiina Reponen, Linda Levin, Sergey Grinshpun, Manuel Villareal, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Jeff Burkle, Grace LeMasters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Murine models demonstrate a synergistic production of reactive oxygen species on coexposure to diesel exhaust particles and endotoxin.It was hypothesized that coexposure to traffic-related particles and endotoxin would have an additive effect on persistent wheezing during early childhood.Persistent wheezing at age 36 months was assessed in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a high-risk birth cohort. A time-weighted average exposure to traffic-related particles was determined by applying a land-use regression model to the homes, day cares, and other locations where children spent time from birth through age 36 months. Indoor levels of endotoxin were measured from dust samples collected before age 12 months. The relationship between dichotomized (<or>or=75th percentile) traffic-related particle and endotoxin exposure and persistent wheezing, controlling for potential covariates, was examined.Persistent wheezing at age 36 months was significantly associated with exposure to increased levels of traffic-related particles before age 12 months (OR = 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.87). Coexposure to endotoxin had a synergistic effect with traffic exposure on persistent wheeze (OR = 5.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.89-18.13) after adjustment for significant covariates.The association between traffic-related particle exposure and persistent wheezing at age 36 months is modified by exposure to endotoxin. This finding supports prior toxicological studies demonstrating a synergistic production of reactive oxygen species after coexposure to diesel exhaust particles and endotoxin. The effect of early versus later exposure to traffic-related particles, however, remains to be studied because of the high correlation between exposure throughout the first 3 years of life.
Clinical Crossroads: A 65-Year-Old Man With an Inguinal Hernia
Authors: J. Andrew Hamlin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his Clinical Crossroads discussion of inguinal hernias, Dr Wantz<sup>1</sup>alluded to several imaging modalities that may demonstrate a hernia, eg, sonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques are insensitive for the detection of inguinal hernias unless the hernia is incarcerated. Both CT and MRI are usually performed with the patient supine, and in that position inguinal hernias tend to reduce. If the scan is performed with the patient in the prone position, the hernia may appear to be reduced because of extrinsic pressure from the table. Ultrasonic examinations may be performed with the patient standing, thereby simulating the conditions under which the physical examination is conducted. Wantz did not refer to the more useful and specific imaging examination, herniography.<sup>2</sup>Using opaque contrast material injected intraperitoneally, herniography is a sensitive method to demonstrate hernias. Herniography is unnecessary when the clinical diagnosis
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgery in stage IIIA non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung: report of a Cancer and Leukemia Group B phase II study.
Authors: G M Strauss, J E Herndon, D D Sherman, D J Mathisen, R W Carey, N C Choi, V B Rege, C Modeas, M R Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE This phase II trial was designed to evaluate the feasibility, toxicity, response rates, and survival for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) followed by surgical resection in newly diagnosed patients with surgically staged IIIA non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Previously untreated patients with NSCLC underwent bronchoscopy, chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT), bone scan, and surgical staging of the mediastinum. Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of concurrent chemotherapy and RT. Patients then underwent surgical resection, which was followed in turn by additional chemotherapy and RT. Chemotherapy included cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on days 1 and 29, vinblastine 3 mg/m2 on days 1 and 3 and 29 and 31, and fluorouracil (5-FU) 30 mg/kg/d by infusion on days 1 to 3 and 29 to 31 (FVP). RT began on day 1 and included 3,000 cGy in 15 fractions. Surgery took place on day 55, and one more cycle of chemotherapy and an additional 3,000 cGy of RT began on day 85. RESULTS Forty-one eligible patients (median follow-up, 53 months) were studied. N2 disease was present in 80%, whereas 20% had T3N0 or T3N1 lesions. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and RT included no complete responses (CR), 21 (51%) partial responses (PR) or regressions, 19 (46%) stable disease (SD), and one (2%) progressive disease (PD). Thirty-one patients underwent surgery, and 25 were resected. In four of the 25 resection specimens, no viable tumor was present, whereas in three of the six unresectable patients, extensive biopsy results demonstrated only necrotic tumor. The maximum response achieved using all protocol treatment was 27 (66%) CRs, seven (17%) PRs or regression, six (15%) SDs, and one (2%) PD. Toxicity was substantial and primarily hematologic. There were six (15%) treatment-related deaths, which included three perioperative deaths and three chemotherapy-related toxicity deaths. The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated a 1-year survival of 58% and a median survival of 15.5 months. Nine patients (22%) remain disease-free. CONCLUSIONS There was a reasonably high rate of PR associated with concurrent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and RT, and a high percentage of patients who ultimately were rendered completely disease-free. However, treatment-related morbidity and mortality was common. Median survival seemed to be only modestly improved beyond that achieved with less intensive means of treatment. However, a group has emerged of patients who enjoy prolonged disease-free survival and possible cure.
Interleukin-1β Promotes Skeletal Colonization and Progression of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells with Neuroendocrine Features
Authors: Qingxin Liu, Mike R. Russell, Kristina Shahriari, Danielle L. Jernigan, Mercedes I. Lioni, Fernando U. Garcia, Alessandro Fatatis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Despite the progress made in the early detection and treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma, the metastatic lesions from this tumor are incurable. We used genome-wide expression analysis of human prostate cancer cells with different metastatic behavior in animal models to reveal that bone-tropic phenotypes upregulate three genes encoding for the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the chemokine CXCL6 (GCP-2), and the protease inhibitor elafin (PI3). The Oncomine database revealed that these three genes are significantly upregulated in human prostate cancer versus normal tissue and correlate with Gleason scores ≥7. This correlation was further validated for IL-1β by immunodetection in prostate tissue arrays. Our study also shows that the exogenous overexpression of IL-1β in nonmetastatic cancer cells promotes their growth into large skeletal lesions in mice, whereas its knockdown significantly impairs the bone progression of highly metastatic cells. In addition, IL-1β secreted by metastatic cells induced the overexpression of COX-2 (PTGS2) in human bone mesenchymal cells treated with conditioned media from bone metastatic prostate cancer cells. Finally, we inspected human tissue specimens from skeletal metastases and detected prostate cancer cells positive for both IL-1β and synaptophysin while concurrently lacking prostate-specific antigen (PSA, KLK3) expression. Collectively, these findings indicate that IL-1β supports the skeletal colonization and metastatic progression of prostate cancer cells with an acquired neuroendocrine phenotype. Cancer Res; 73(11); 3297–305. ©2013 AACR.
High Survival Rate After Two-Stage Resection of Advanced Colorectal Liver Metastases: Response-Based Selection and Complete Resection Define Outcome
Authors: Antoine Brouquet, Eddie K. Abdalla, Scott Kopetz, Christopher R. Garrett, Michael J. Overman, Cathy Eng, Andreas Andreou, Evelyne M. Loyer, David C. Madoff, Steven A. Curley, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Prolonged survival after two-stage resection (TSR) of advanced colorectal liver metastases (CLM) may be the result of selection of best responders to chemotherapy. The impact of complete resection in this well-selected group is controversial.Data on 890 patients undergoing resection and 879 patients who received only chemotherapy for CLM were collected prospectively. We used intent-to-treat analysis to evaluate the survival of patients who underwent TSR. Additionally, we evaluated a cohort of nonsurgically treated patients selected to mirror the TSR population: colorectal metastases with liver-only disease, objective response to chemotherapy, and alive 1 year after chemotherapy initiation.Sixty-five patients underwent the first stage of TSR; 62 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the medical group. TSR patients had a mean of 6.7 ± 3.4 CLM with mean size of 4.5 ± 3.1 cm. Nonsurgical patients had a mean of 5.9 ± 2.9 CLM with mean size of 5.4 ± 3.4 cm (not significant). Forty-seven TSR patients (72%) completed the second stage. Progression between stages was the main cause of noncompletion of the second stage (61%). After 50 months median follow-up, the 5-year survival rate was 51% in the TSR group and 15% in the medical group (P = .005). In patients who underwent TSR, noncompletion of TSR and major postoperative complications were independently associated with worse survival.TSR is associated with excellent outcome in patients with advanced CLM as a result of both selection by chemotherapy and complete resection of metastatic disease.
Sustained phenotypic correction of hemophilia B dogs with a factor IX null mutation by liver-directed gene therapy
Authors: Jane D. Mount, Roland W. Herzog, D. Michael Tillson, Susan A. Goodman, Nancy Robinson, Mark L. McCleland, Dwight Bellinger, Timothy C. Nichols, Valder R. Arruda, Clinton D. Lothrop, Katherine A. High
Journal: Blood (2002)