tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intraductal malignant tumors in the liver mimicking cholangiocarcinoma: Imaging features for differential diagnosis
Authors: Ah Yeong Kim, Woo Kyoung Jeong
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2016)

Keywords: Bile duct tumor; Intrabiliary metastasis; Intraductal growing hepatocellular carcinoma; Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI
A prospective comparison of four insanity defense standards
Authors: R M Wettstein, E P Mulvey, R Rogers
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

Controversy about the formulation of the insanity defense has been intense, but little empirical work is available regarding how different standards affect court findings. The major aims of the present study were to determine if different standards for determining insanity produced different judgments and to provide a broad descriptive picture of those cases in which the standards appeared to make a difference.Four forensic psychiatrists were asked to indicate whether they thought 164 defendants met any or all of four insanity tests: 1) the American Law Institute (ALI) cognitive criterion, 2) the ALI volitional criterion, 3) the APA test, and 4) the M'Naghten rule.The four psychiatrists determined that 97.5% of the defendants met the ALI volitional criterion, 73.9% met the APA criterion, 70.3% met the M'Naghten rule, and 69.5% met the ALI cognitive criterion. Nearly two-thirds of the defendants met all four insanity tests, and 24.4% met only the ALI volitional test. Few defendants met cognitive tests without also meeting the ALI volitional test. Elimination of the volitional test for insanity reduced the rate of psychiatric recommendations of acquittal by 24.4%.These findings highlight the fact that the primary logical division between volitional and cognitive standards appears to be powerful but that distinctions between types of cognitive standards are not terribly powerful. In addition, the variation among individual raters must be viewed as an important determinant of how any insanity standard is applied.
Chlamydial Infections
Authors: Julius Schachter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

CURRENTLY, what might be called the fifth epidemic of interest in the chlamydiae is occurring. Investigation of this large, diverse group of micro-organisms containing a number of pathogens that are important in both human and animal diseases was initiated in the first decade of this century by Halberstaedter and Prowazek, who found characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusions in the conjunctival scrapings from patients with trachoma.1 Identical inclusions were found in the conjunctivas of neonates with an amicrobial form of ophthalmia neonatorum, and in cells of the genital tracts of some of these infants' parents who had urethritis or . . .
Headache and Facial Swelling
Authors: Andrew M. Ng, Paras H. Shah, David A. Leavitt
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
A Nationwide Genomic Screening System in Japan for the Development of Molecular Targeted Therapies Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers with Rare Driver Mutations
Authors: S. Matsumoto, K. Tsuchihara, K. Yoh, Y. Zenke, T. Kohno, G. Ishii, K. Tsuta, S. Umemura, S. Niho, H. Ohmatsu, Y. Ohe, T. Yamanaka, K. Goto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Age Differences in the Histology of Hodgkin's Disease&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Guy R. Newell, M.D., Solon R. Cole, M.D., Olli S. Miettinen, M.D., Brian MacMahon, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Histologic material was reviewed for 284 cases of Hodgkin's disease. Scores were assigned to each of 23 histologic features indicating their frequency. These, together with sex, time from clinical onset to diagnosis, extent of disease at diagnosis, and presence or absence of symptoms, were entered as additive linear terms into a discriminant function analysis concerning the classification of patients in the age categories 15–34 or 50+ years. The feature with the strongest discriminating power was the presence of eosinophils, followed by atypical mitoses, areas of preserved architecture, extent of disease, Reed-Sternberg cells, and extent of fibrosis. Discriminant function scores based on the 6 features with significant coefficients, computed for each case, showed a striking difference between the distribution for patients aged 15–34 years and those aged 50+ years. Patients aged 35–49 years had a distribution intermediate between those of the age groups on either side. These observations support the hypothesis that the rubric “Hodgkin's disease” encompasses at least 2 etiologic entities—one with a peak incidence in young adults and the other with a peak incidence in the elderly.
NIMG-65EVALUATION OF THE TREATMENT RESPONSE OF MALIGNANT GLIOMA ON BEVACIZUMAB THERAPY USING 11C-METHIONINE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Kaoru Tamura, Motoki Inaji, Tadashi Nariai, Shihori Hayashi, Yoji Tanaka, Masashi Tamaki, Sakyo Hirai, Kuniyasu Saigusa, Kenji Ishii, Kiichi Ishiwata, Taketoshi Maehara
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Although anti-angiogenic therapy using bevacizumab (BEV) can induce normalization of the blood brain barrier, its effect on tumor biological activity is not well understood. We used 11C-methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET), to evaluate biological response to BEV in patients with malignant glioma. METHODS: 8 malignant glioma patients (anaplastic oligodendroglioma 1, anaplastic astrocytoma 2, glioblastoma5) were treated with BEV (Avastin) at the time of tumor enlargement or recurrence after surgery, radiation therapy and temozolomide treatment. After initiation of BEV, they were monitored with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MET-PET. MRI treatment response was evaluated according to RANO (Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology) criteria. Methionine uptake into the tumor was expressed as a ratio to contralateral healthy brain tissue (T/N ratio). RESULTS: MRI revealed that the size of contrast-enhanced tumor was reduced and peri-tumoral edema was diminished after the initiation of BEV in all 8 cases. MRI showed a complete response according to RANO criteria in 6 of the 8 patients (75%) and a partial response in 2 patients (25%). In the contrast-enhanced tumor lesion, T/N ratio on PET decreased after initiation of BEV. In the non-enhancing tumor lesion, T/N ratio on PET after BEV was almost no difference between that before BEV. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that initiation of BEV may suppress biological activity of the contrast-enhanced tumor in addition to reduce vascular permeability by restoring the blood-brain barrier. Met-PET could give us important information to understand the therapeutic mechanisms of BEV in malignant glioma patients.
Cytoplasmic Inclusions in Estrogen-Induced Testicular Interstitial-Cell Tumors in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Natalie Pourreau-Schneider
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Numerous large, cytoplasmic inclusions have been observed in a testicular interstitial-cell tumor line that arose after estrogen treatment in a hybrid mouse, A × BALB/c. The inclusions were clearly visible under light microscopy as acidophilic bodies. They stained intensely with toluidine blue and were periodic acid-Schiff and Feulgen negative. Electron micrographs revealed that the inclusions were composed of type-A viral particles of very uniform shape and size, 76 mµ outside diameter. This discovery led to a systematic search for similar inclusions in Leydig-cell tumors of hybrid and inbred BALB/c strains. Inclusion bodies were also found in other testicular tumor lines that originated in inbred BALB/c and in hybrid, A × BALB/c and (57 × BALB/c, mice. By their staining characteristics and properties at the light microscope level and by their fine structure under electron microscopy, the cytoplasmic inclusions of the 3 AA testicular tumor line resembled those already reported in other murine tumors.
GENO-18A 35 GENES SIGNATURE FOR PREDICTING OUTCOME IN GLIOMA PATIENTS WITH 1p/19q CODEL
Authors: Xin Hu, Emmanuel Martinez, Siyuan Zheng, Floris Barthel, Tao Jiang, Kenneth Hess, Roel Verhaak
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Meta-analysis of glioma patients revealed that LOH of 1p/19q (IDHmutant-codel) is associated with favorable progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Heterogeneity in clinical outcomes exists within this subset of glioma. To determine biomarkers of treatment response, we assembled the expression profiles from 333 IDHmutant-codel patients. The dataset was split into a training dataset (n = 170) and a validation dataset (n = 163) through random sampling. An elastic net penalized Cox's proportional hazards model was applied to build a classifier model through cross validation within the training dataset. This resulted in a signature of 35 genes significantly associated with outcome in IDH mutant-codels. The performance of the gene signature was determined in the validation dataset, which resulted in a high-risk (median survival of 68.3 months) and low-risk group (median survival of 118.2 months) that showed significant difference in survival (p= 0.0079, Log-rank test). The predictive power of the gene signature using the concordance index was 0.65. For time to death events, the risk score predicted by the above genes signature yielded HR = 2.296 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.279 to 4.121) after adjustment for age and stratification for grade. Gene Set Variation Analysis revealed that the genes in the signature were associated with increased acetylation activity. In summary, our study identified a 35-gene signature that distinguished between high risk and low risk groups of glioma patients with 1p/19q CODEL, which is able to discriminate low risk patients within 1p/19q CODEL cohort for whom aggressive therapeutic regimens might be omitted.
Defining new standards for adjuvant therapy of testis cancer.
Authors: C R Nichols, R Gonin, R Foster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.11.2681 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7595724 Defining new standards for adjuvant therapy of testis cancer. C R NicholsxC R NicholsSearch for articles by this author , R GoninxR GoninSearch for articles by this author , R FosterxR FosterSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.11.2681 First Page PDF © 1995 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Immune-Mediated Activation Of Coagulation In Patients With Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Omer Iqbal, Daneyal Syed, Michael Mosier, Julia Malalis, Christine Mata, Amy Lin, Nicole Mitchel, Schurahazard Abro, Debra Hoppensteadt, Jawed Fareed, Charles Bouchard
Journal: Blood (2013)
Low serum cholesterol and serotonin metabolism
Authors: H. Pijl, A. C Toornvliet, A E. Meinders, J. A G. Leuven, G M J Van Kempen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Community engagement has been considered a fundamental component of past outbreaks, such as Ebola. However, there is concern over the lack of involvement of communities and ‘bottom-up’ approaches used within COVID-19 responses thus far. Identifying how community engagement approaches have been used in past epidemics may support more robust implementation within the COVID-19 response. <h3>Methodology</h3> A rapid evidence review was conducted to identify how community engagement is used for infectious disease prevention and control during epidemics. Three databases were searched in addition to extensive snowballing for grey literature. Previous epidemics were limited to Ebola, Zika, SARS, Middle East respiratory syndromeand H1N1 since 2000. No restrictions were applied to study design or language. <h3>Results</h3> From 1112 references identified, 32 articles met our inclusion criteria, which detail 37 initiatives. Six main community engagement actors were identified: local leaders, community and faith-based organisations, community groups, health facility committees, individuals and key stakeholders. These worked on different functions: designing and planning, community entry and trust building, social and behaviour change communication, risk communication, surveillance and tracing, and logistics and administration. <h3>Conclusion</h3> COVID-19’s global presence and social transmission pathways require social and community responses. This may be particularly important to reach marginalised populations and to support equity-informed responses. Aligning previous community engagement experience with current COVID-19 community-based strategy recommendations highlights how communities can play important and active roles in prevention and control. Countries worldwide are encouraged to assess existing community engagement structures and use community engagement approaches to support contextually specific, acceptable and appropriate COVID-19 prevention and control measures.
Doctors who take company cash are more likely to prescribe brand name drugs, analysis finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

An analysis by the independent investigative news organization ProPublica has found that doctors who accept gifts or receive payments from the medical industry tend to prescribe more brand name drugs than doctors who do not accept such benefits.1

In the study, ProPublica reporters matched records of payments from drug companies and medical device makers in 2014 with data on doctors’ medication choices in Medicare’s prescription drug program, Medicare Part D, which covers more than 39 million patients. The analysis looked at doctors in five specialties (family medicine, internal medicine, cardiology, psychiatry, and ophthalmology) who wrote at least …
Characteristics of Avian Transmissible Lymphoid Tumor Cells Maintained in Culture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Lynn M. Siegfried, D.V.M., Ph.D., Carl Olson, D.V.M., Ph.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The avian transmissible lymphoid tumor growing in muscle was found to be an excellent source of tumor cells for continuous suspension cultures. The proliferating, undifferentiated lymphoid cells produced type-C virus. Six of the cell lines were maintained for over 280 days in Hanks' minimal essential medium and retained properties characteristic of the original transmissible tumor cells.
A Sequential Study of Methapyrilene Hydrochloride-Induced Liver Carcinogenesis in Male F344 Rats<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: M Ohshima, J M Ward, L M Brennan, D A Creasia
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Methapyrilene hydrochloride [2-((2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl)-2-thenylamino)pyridine monohydrochloride (CAS: 135-23-9)]-induced hepatocarcinogenesis was studied in male F344/NCr rats by sequential histologic, histochemical, and biologic methods. Methapyrilene hydrochloride was administered in the feed to rats at a concentration of 1,000 ppm for periods up to 89 weeks. Groups of rats were killed after 5, 10, 15, 29, 40, or 73 weeks of ingesting the carcinogen. Another group was allowed to live out their life-span. Hepatocellular eosinophilic foci and adenomas were seen after 10 and 15 weeks, respectively. Basophilic foci and adenomas were found after 29 and 40 weeks, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinomas developed in 5 of 10 rats at week 40, in 3 of 5 rats at week 73, and in 19 of 19 rats that lived out their life-span. Carcinomas arose within adenomas or as small in situ carcinomas. The histologic types included trabecular, adenocarcinoma, mixed, and solid poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. Eleven of the mixed and solid poorly differentiated carcinomas metastasized to the lung. Solid poorly differentiated heptocellular carcinomas grew upon transplantation to the mammary fat pad of weanling F344 rats. Cholangiocarcinomas were found in 7 of 19 rats only in the life-span group. Mucous cholangiofibrosis was seen in all rats after 15 weeks. With the use of Regaud's mitochondrial stain, an increased cellular density of mitochondria was seen in some hepatocytes of peripheral and central lobular areas and in some hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but not in cells in many of the adenomas and foci. Cellular a-fetoprotein was found by immunoperoxidase staining in portions of hepatocellular carcinomas, but not in foci, adenomas, and nonneoplastic areas. The majority of hepatocytes in foci, adenomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas contained γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. The findings suggest that multiple pathways may be followed in the development of methyapyrilene-induced liver cancer that are similar to those found in rats exposed to many other hepatic carcinogens.
Phase Ib trial of a targeted TLR9 CpG immunomodulator (CPG 7909) in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Authors: J. A. Thompson, T. Kuzel, R. Bukowski, F. Masciari, T. Schmalbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4644 Background: Patients with metastatic RCC have a poor prognosis, with infrequent responses to immunotherapy. CPG 7909, one of a new class of oligodeoxynucleotide immunomodulators, binds Toll-like receptor 9 on dendritic cells, with induction of cytokines including IFNα, activation of NK cells, and modulation of a Th1 CTL environment. Early trials of CPG 7909 demonstrated anti-tumor activity in human cancers at well-tolerated doses. Based upon the medical need and the novel mechanism of action, the current trial evaluates CPG 7909 in the treatment of metastatic RCC. Methods: This multi-center, dose escalation trial evaluates weekly s.c. doses of CPG 7909 with cohorts of patients given 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.36, 0.54 or 0.81 mg/kg for 24 weeks or until progression. Patients had prior nephrectomy but no systemic therapy for clear-cell RCC, ECOG performance ≤1, with measurable soft tissue metastases (bone, liver, brain excluded). The primary endpoint is safety, with secondary endpoints including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, responses by RECIST, duration of response, time to progression, and survival. Results: Thirty-one patients have enrolled, 18 males and 13 females, ages 35–79. Twenty-seven patients are off-study prior to, or at 24 weeks of treatment. One patient had a durable PR (8 months), 9 had stable disease and 17 patients progressed on CPG 7909. Four patients continue on therapy. Median time to progression is 112 days. No drug-related serious adverse events have been reported, with good tolerability up to 0.54 mg/kg. Pro-inflammatory or cytokine effects (erythematous injection-site reactions, chills, myalgias, arthralgias and fatigue) are dose related and reversible. Biologic responses are consistent with the CpG TLR9 mechanism of action; the most consistent effects are increased plasma IP-10 and 2'5 OAS. Conclusions: In this ongoing dose-escalation study, CPG 7909 can be safely administered at doses up to 0.54 mg/kg weekly. Correlations of PK, PD, clinical symptoms and response will be provided. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
An unusual case of migration of an esophageal stent for benign esophageal stricture
Authors: Justin Gomez, Bryan Sauer
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

A 38-year-old Hispanic man with a benign esophageal stricture presumed to be related to chronic acid exposure or toxic ingestion was treated with recurrent esophageal balloon dilations for refractory symptoms and eventually underwent esophagectomy with gastric pull-up and pyloromyotomy. His postoperative course was complicated by recurrent strictures at the esophagogastric anastomosis despite multiple dilations. A subsequent esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated a benign-looking stricture. This was traversed after balloon dilation and a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) was placed.
New Management Strategies in Heart Failure
Authors: Anjali Tiku Owens, Susan C. Brozena, Mariell Jessup
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Despite >100 clinical trials, only 2 new drugs had been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic heart failure in more than a decade: the aldosterone antagonist eplerenone in 2003 and a fixed dose combination of hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in 2005. In contrast, 2015 has witnessed the Food and Drug Administration approval of 2 new drugs, both for the treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: ivabradine and another combination drug, sacubitril/valsartan or LCZ696. Seemingly overnight, a range of therapeutic possibilities, evoking new physiological mechanisms, promise great hope for a disease that often carries a prognosis worse than many forms of cancer. Importantly, the newly available therapies represent a culmination of basic and translational research that actually spans many decades. This review will summarize newer drugs currently being used in the treatment of heart failure, as well as newer strategies increasingly explored for their utility during the stages of the heart failure syndrome.
Mutations in succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) enhance neutrophil survival independent of HIF-1α expression
Authors: Robert Jones, Kate E. McDonald, Joseph A. Willson, Bart Ghesquière, David Sammut, Eleni Daniel, Alison J. Harris, Amy Lewis, A. A. Roger Thompson, Rebecca S. Dickinson, Tracie Plant, Fiona Murphy, Pranvera Sadiku, Brian G. Keevil, Peter Carmeliet, Moira K. B. Whyte, John Newell-Price, Sarah R. Walmsley
Journal: Blood (2016)
Two phase III trials of tauromustine (TCNU) in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: J.F. Smyth, J.D. Hardcastle, G. Denton, D. Alderson, R.H. Grace, J.L. Mansi, H.M.A. Yosef, Ö. Nordle, H. Lauri, S. Wählby
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1995)