tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fasting Serum Glucose Level and Cancer Risk in Korean Men and Women
Authors: Sun Ha Jee
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Diabetes is a serious and costly disease that is becoming increasingly common in many countries. The role of diabetes as a cancer risk factor remains unclear.To examine the relationship between fasting serum glucose and diabetes and risk of all cancers and specific cancers in men and women in Korea.Ten-year prospective cohort study of 1,298,385 Koreans (829,770 men and 468,615 women) aged 30 to 95 years who received health insurance from the National Health Insurance Corp and had a biennial medical evaluation in 1992-1995 (with follow-up for up to 10 years).Death from cancer and registry-documented incident cancer or hospital admission for cancer.During the 10 years of follow-up, there were 20,566 cancer deaths in men and 5907 cancer deaths in women. Using Cox proportional hazards models and controlling for smoking and alcohol use, the stratum with the highest fasting serum glucose (> or =140 mg/dL [> or =7.8 mmol/L]) had higher death rates from all cancers combined (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.37 in men and HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.39 in women) compared with the stratum with the lowest level (<90 mg/dL [<5.0 mmol/L]). By cancer site, the association was strongest for pancreatic cancer, comparing the highest and lowest strata in men (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.52-2.41) and in women (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.43-2.93). Significant associations were also found for cancers of the esophagus, liver, and colon/rectum in men and of the liver and cervix in women, and there were significant trends with glucose level for cancers of the esophagus, colon/rectum, liver, pancreas, and bile duct in men and of the liver and pancreas in women. Of the 26,473 total cancer deaths in men and women, 848 were estimated as attributable to having a fasting serum glucose level of less than 90 mg/dL. For cancer incidence, the general patterns reflected those found for mortality. For persons with a diagnosis of diabetes or a fasting serum glucose level greater than 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L), risks for cancer incidence and mortality were generally elevated compared with those without diabetes.In Korea, elevated fasting serum glucose levels and a diagnosis of diabetes are independent risk factors for several major cancers, and the risk tends to increase with an increased level of fasting serum glucose.
Basophils contribute to TH2-IgE responses in vivo via IL-4 production and presentation of peptide–MHC class II complexes to CD4+ T cells
Authors: Tomohiro Yoshimoto, Koubun Yasuda, Hidehisa Tanaka, Masakiyo Nakahira, Yasutomo Imai, Yoshihiro Fujimori, Kenji Nakanishi
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of recalcitrant viral warts: randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: F.T. Al-Gurairi, M. Al-Waiz, K.E. Sharquie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of recalcitrant viral warts: randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial Get access F.T. Al‐Gurairi, F.T. Al‐Gurairi Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Al‐Waiz, M. Al‐Waiz Department of Dermatology and Venereology, College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq Assist. Prof. Makram Al‐Waiz, PO Box 61269 Medical Collection Post Office, Postal Code Number 12114, Bab Al‐Mua'dham, Baghdad, Iraq. Fax: +(00)96414250243 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.E. Sharquie K.E. Sharquie Department of Dermatology and Venereology, College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 3, 1 March 2002, Pages 423–431, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04617.x Published: 01 March 2002 Article history Accepted: 12 September 2001 Published: 01 March 2002
New Data Supporting Modified RECIST (mRECIST) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Riccardo Lencioni
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

The modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) guideline has introduced specific amendments to standard RECIST to address the unique complexities involved in the evaluation of tumor response in hepatocellular carcinoma. A growing amount of data suggests that mRECIST, designed for response assessment in clinical trials, may translate into a tool for clinical practice.
Acute Effects of Different Intensities of Exercise in Normoalbuminuric/ Normotensive Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: James T. Lane, Timothy C. Ford, LuAnn R. Larson, Ward A. Chambers, Pascale H. Lane
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise occurrence and intensity on albumin excretion in normotensive, normoalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Eighteen patients (aged 29 ± 2 years, duration of diabetes 14 ± 2 years, blood pressure 120 ± 2/74 ± 1 mmHg, HbA1c 7.0 ± 0.2% [mean ± SE]) without microalbuminuria, hypertension, or anti–angiotensin II therapy participated in two exercise studies in a clinical research center. Exercise intensities were defined as moderate (50% heart rate reserve [HRR]) and intense (75% HRR) and were performed in random order. Subjects collected urine for albumin determination on the days before and after exercise. On the day of exercise, subjects exercised for 30 min on a treadmill at the assigned intensity. Timed urine collections were obtained over the day. Blood pressures were measured using an ambulatory blood pressure monitor. RESULTS—Moderate exercise demonstrated no changes in albumin excretion. Intense exercise demonstrated a significant increase in albumin excretion during the first 4 h compared with the rest of the day (P = 0.03) but returned to normal thereafter. Albumin excretion did not exceed normal levels throughout the study. There was no difference in albumin excretion surrounding days of intense exercise. Ambulatory blood pressures demonstrated nocturnal dipping after moderate and intense exercise (P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS—We have demonstrated that normotensive, normoalbuminuric patients without anti–angiotensin II therapy do not have elevated albumin excretion following exercise intensities experienced by most patients with type 1 diabetes.
Serum Phosphorus Levels Associate with Coronary Atherosclerosis in Young Adults
Authors: Robert N. Foley, Allan J. Collins, Charles A. Herzog, Areef Ishani, Philip A. Kalra
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Phosphorus levels correlate with atherosclerosis in both animal models and humans with advanced chronic kidney disease, but whether this relationship exists among individuals with normal kidney function is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether an association exists between phosphorus levels and coronary artery calcium levels in a community-based cohort of 3015 healthy young adults in the prospective Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Phosphorus levels were measured at baseline, and presence of coronary artery calcium was assessed by computed tomography 15 yr later. Mean age at study inception was 25.2 yr, and the mean levels of phosphorus and calcium were 3.6 and 9.5 mg/dl, respectively. Only 0.2% of participants had estimated GFR &lt;60 ml/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Phosphorus levels were associated with coronary artery calcium in unadjusted models. In multivariate models, however, phosphorus levels were significantly associated with the category of coronary artery calcium level. In conclusion, higher serum phosphorus levels, even within the normal range, may be a risk factor for coronary artery atherosclerosis in healthy young adults.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Pathogenesis of Sudden Unexpected Death in a Clinical Trial of Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Heart Failure, or Both”
Authors: Anne-Catherine Pouleur, Ebrahim Barkoudah, Hajime Uno, Hicham Skali, Peter V. Finn, Steven L. Zelenkofske, Yuri N. Belenkov, Viacheslav Mareev, Eric J. Velazquez, Jean L. Rouleau, Aldo P. Maggioni, Lars Køber, Robert M. Califf, John J.V. McMurray, Marc A. Pfeffer, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Control of Hyperphosphatemia among Patients with ESRD
Authors: Joseph A. Coladonato
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Derangements of mineral metabolism occur during the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperphosphatemia develops in the majority of patients with ESRD and has long been associated with progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy. More recent observational data have associated hyperphosphatemia with increased cardiovascular mortality among dialysis patients. Adequate control of serum phosphorus remains a cornerstone in the clinical management of patients with CKD not only to attenuate the progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism but also possibly to reduce the risk for vascular calcification and cardiovascular mortality. These measures include dietary phosphorus restriction, dialysis, and oral phosphate binders. Dietary restriction is limited in advanced stages of CKD. Phosphate binders are necessary to limit dietary absorption of phosphorus. Aluminum hydroxide is an efficient binder; however, its use has been nearly eliminated because of concerns of toxicity. Calcium salts are inexpensive and have been used effectively worldwide as an alternative to aluminum. Concerns of calcium overload have led to the investigation of alternatives. Currently, only two Food and Drug Administration-approved noncalcium, nonaluminum binders are available. Sevelamer hydrochloride is an exchange resin and was not as effective as calcium acetate in meeting new guideline recommendations in one double-blind clinical trial. Lanthanum carbonate is a rare earth element and has been studied less extensively. Concerns of long-term administration and toxicity exist. Furthermore, these agents are significantly more expensive than calcium salts, which may contribute to patient noncompliance.
Contractile Proteins of Heart Muscle in Man
Authors: Ludwig W. Eichna, RICHARD J. BING, K. KAKO
Journal: Circulation (1961)

This report deals with the contractile proteins of human muscle in congestive failure, and with the role played by the contractile proteins and by biochemical processes in the regulation of the mechanical function of the heart. The contractility of actomyosin bands prepared from heart muscle of patients who had died in congestive failure was diminished as compared to those prepared from normal hearts. This may have been the result of defective protein synthesis. The increase in heart rate was correlated with the activity of phosphorylase a in heart muscle and with changes in carbohydrate intermediates (lactate, glucose-6-phosphate [G-6-P] and glycogen). The heart rates over 300 per minute were associated with a transient increase, followed by a decrease, in phosphorylase a activity; glycogen diminished, while lactate and G-6-P increased. The oxidation-reduction potential in heart muscle became more negative. In the absence of myocardial anoxia, the increased rate of stimulation of the heart produced no alterations in either the concentration of carbohydrate intermediates or the phosphorylase a activity. Alterations in function of the heart that come into play upon rapid changes of cardiac activity are the result of the integration of several diverse biochemical cellular reactions. The contractile proteins are but following the lead of the cellular elements concerned with the production of energy.
Disorders of Steroid 11β-Hydroxylase Isozymes*
Authors: PERRIN C. WHITE, KATHLEEN M. CURNOW, LEIGH PASCOE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

IT WAS first demonstrated in 1929 that extracts of adrenal glands could indefinitely sustain patients with Addison's disease (1). During the following decade a number of steroids were isolated from such extracts and their properties determined (2, 3). The actions of corticosteroids included amelioration of signs of stress and hyperglycemic (glucocorticoid) effects on the one hand and sodium retaining, potassium excreting (mineralocorticoid) effects on the other (4). Bioassays for these activities were complex. For example, in one widely used assay to test the ability of corticosteroids to ameliorate signs of stress, the gastrocnemius muscle of an adrenalectomized, anesthetized rat was electrically stimulated to lift a weight, and the total work performed before exhaustion was measured. Steroids with an oxygen atom at C11, such as corticosterone (compound B) and cortisone (compound E), were far more active in such assays than 11-deoxycorticosterone (5). Identification of cortisol (pregn-4-ene-11, 17, 21-triol-3, 20-dione) as the most important glucocorticoid hormone in humans came from studies in the late 1940s of patients with Cushing's syndrome or surgical stress, who were found to excrete large amounts of this steroid in the urine (6).
PERSISTENCE OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS IN IMMUNE ANIMALS AND ITS RELATION TO IMMUNITY
Authors: Erich Traub
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

In some apparently healthy mice the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis persisted for a considerable period of time after recovery, in the blood, urine, and nasal secretions, while in other mice it soon became undemonstrable. It is possible that the persistence of the virus is due to lesions in the lungs, liver, and kidneys. The immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis in mice does not seem to depend upon the presence of virus in the blood and the organs tested. No antivirus was detected in sera from several solidly immune mice, which fact suggests that circulating antivirus plays no important part in their immunity. Leucocytes also seem to be no essential factor in this immunity, which probably is closely linked with the tissues. The urine of guinea pigs which had recovered from severe attacks of lymphocytic choriomeningitis contained virus for a few weeks after recovery, while that from mild cases contained no virus. Virus was never demonstrated in the blood of immune guinea pigs. Antivirus was readily detected in it.
B Cells Contribute to the Antitumor Activity of CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotide in a Mouse Model of Metastatic Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Rosalinda Sorrentino, Silvana Morello, Giovanni Forte, Antonella Montinaro, Genoveffa De Vita, Antonio Luciano, Giuseppe Palma, Claudio Arra, Piera Maiolino, Ian M. Adcock, Aldo Pinto
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN; CpG), a Toll-like receptor-9 ligand, has been widely studied as a potential antitumor adjuvant. Toll-like receptor-9 is highly expressed on lung carcinoma tissues and some immune cells, such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells.The aim of our study was to elucidate the effect of CpG on B cells in a mouse model of lung carcinoma.C57Bl/6j, B cell-deficient, and Nude mice were intravenously implanted with the lung metastatic B16-F10 melanoma cells and killed 3 and 7 days after CpG administration.Administration of CpG increased lung tumor growth in B16-F10-implanted C57BL/6J mice. The genetic absence of B cells strongly facilitated CpG-induced tumor progression. In contrast, the adoptive transfer of CpG-activated B cells induced tumor arrest, associated with a reduced suppressive immune environment due to the lower recruitment of regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and CD8(+) regulatory T cells along with the reduced expression of suppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β. Furthermore, concomitant with higher production of IFN-γ, the apoptosis rate in the lungs of mice adoptively transferred with CpG-activated B cells was increased. Depletion of mature CD20(+) B cells increased the lung tumor burden in CpG-treated C57BL/6J mice and nude mice. Moreover, nude mice had the same lung tumor burden as B cell-deficient mice when mature CD20(+) B cells were depleted.Our data demonstrate the protective antitumor activity of CpG-activated B cells and shed light on CpG as an antitumor adjuvant for lung cancer therapy.
The Spectrum of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Associated Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Timothy H Rainer, Paul K S Chan, Margaret Ip, Nelson Lee, David S Hui, Devilliers Smit, Alan Wu, Anil T Ahuja, John S Tam, Joseph J Y Sung, Peter A Cameron
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Whether subclinical or atypical presentations of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occur and whether clinical judgment is accurate in detecting SARS are unknown.To describe the spectrum of SARS coronavirus infection in a large outbreak and to compare diagnoses based on clinical judgment with the SARS coronavirus test.Secondary analysis of prospectively collected clinical data and archived serum.A SARS screening clinic of a university hospital in the New Territories of Hong Kong.1221 patients attending the clinic between 12 March 2003 and 12 May 2003.SARS coronavirus serology.145 of 553 (26%) patients had serologic evidence of SARS coronavirus infection. Of 910 patients who were managed without hospitalization, only 6 had serologic evidence of SARS. Five of the six patients had normal chest radiographs, and four had symptoms such as myalgia, chills, coughing, and feeling feverish. With the SARS coronavirus serologic test as the gold standard, the clinical diagnosis of probable SARS at hospitalization had a sensitivity of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91 to 0.98) and a specificity of 0.96 (CI, 0.92 to 0.97).Follow-up serologic samples were not obtained from almost half of the patients because they declined further testing. Some people living in the community who were infected but who had minor or no symptoms might not have visited the clinic.There is little evidence of widespread subclinical or mild forms of SARS coronavirus infection. Clinical diagnoses during the outbreak were reasonable and resulted in appropriate triaging.
Potentiation of Colon Cancer Susceptibility in Mice by Colonic Epithelial PPAR-δ/β Overexpression
Authors: Xiangsheng Zuo, Min Xu, Jiang Yu, Yuanqing Wu, Micheline J. Moussalli, Ganiraju C. Manyam, Sun Il Lee, Shoudan Liang, Mihai Gagea, Jeffrey S. Morris, Russell R. Broaddus, Imad Shureiqi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ/β (PPAR-d) is upregulated in human colorectal cancers, but its role in colonic tumorigenesis remains controversial. We generated a novel mouse model of intestinally targeted PPAR-d overexpression to simulate PPAR-d upregulation in human colon carcinogenesis. Colon-specific PPAR-d overexpression was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and activity assays. Mice with and without targeted PPAR-d overexpression were tested for azoxymethane (AOM)–induced colonic tumorigenesis. Mouse whole-genome transcriptome microarray analyses were performed to identify PPAR-d target genes to promote tumorigenesis. We used linear models to test for PPAR-d overexpression trend effects on tumor multiplicity. All statistical tests were two-sided. Targeted PPAR-d overexpression markedly increased colonic tumor incidence (from 0 of 10 wild-type [WT] littermate mice to 9 of 10 mice [ P < .001] in 2 FVB/N background mouse lines [villin-PPAR-d-1 and villin-PPAR-d-2] at a 5-mg/kg AOM dose) and multiplicity (number of tumors per mouse per mg/kg dose of AOM increased from 0.47 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22 to 0.72] for the WT littermates to 2.15 [95% CI = 1.90 to 2.40] [ P < .001] for the villin-PPAR-d-1 mice and from 0.44 [95% CI = 0.09 to 0.79] for the WT littermates to 1.91 [95% CI = 1.57 to 2.25] [ P < .001] for the villin-PPAR-d-2 mice). PPAR-d overexpression reversed resistance to AOM-induced colonic tumorigenesis in C57BL/6 mice. PPAR-d overexpression modulated expression of several novel PPAR-d target genes in normal-appearing colonic epithelial cells of mice with PPAR-d overexpression in a pattern that matched the changes in colonic tumors. Our finding that PPAR-d upregulation profoundly enhances susceptibility to colonic tumorigenesis should impact the development of strategies of molecularly targeting PPAR-d in cancer and noncancerous diseases.
Phase I and Clinical Pharmacology Study of Bevacizumab, Sorafenib, and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide in Children and Young Adults with Refractory/Recurrent Solid Tumors
Authors: Fariba Navid, Sharyn D. Baker, M. Beth McCarville, Clinton F. Stewart, Catherine A. Billups, Jianrong Wu, Andrew M. Davidoff, Sheri L. Spunt, Wayne L. Furman, Lisa M. McGregor, Shuiying Hu, John C. Panetta, David Turner, Demba Fofana, Wilburn E. Reddick, Wing Leung, Victor M. Santana
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of sorafenib, bevacizumab, and low-dose oral cyclophosphamide in children and young adults with recurrent/refractory solid tumors.Sorafenib dose was escalated from 90 to 110 mg/m(2) twice daily with fixed doses of bevacizumab at 5 mg/kg every 3 weeks and cyclophosphamide at 50 mg/m(2) daily. Once sorafenib's MTD was established, bevacizumab dose was escalated. Each course was of 21 days. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies were conducted during the first course.Nineteen patients (11 males; median age, 9.2 years) received a median of four courses (range, 1-23). DLTs during course 1 included grade 3 rash (two), increased lipase (one), anorexia (one), and thrombus (one). With an additional 71 courses of therapy, the most common toxicities ≥ grade 3 included neutropenia (nine), lymphopenia (nine), and rashes (four). Five of 17 evaluable patients had partial tumor responses, and five had disease stabilization (>2 courses). Median day 1 cyclophosphamide apparent oral clearance was 3.13 L/h/m(2). Median day 1 sorafenib apparent oral clearance was 44 and 39 mL/min/m(2) at the 2 dose levels evaluated, and steady-state concentrations ranged from 1.64 to 4.8 mg/L. Inhibition of serum VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was inversely correlated with sorafenib steady-state concentrations (P = 0.019).The recommended phase II doses are sorafenib, 90 mg/m(2) twice daily; bevacizumab, 15 mg/kg q3 weeks; and cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/m(2) once daily. This regimen is feasible with promising evidence of antitumor activity that warrants further investigation.