tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breathing exercises for patients with multiple sclerosis - A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elisabeth Westerdahl, Anna Wittrin, Margareta Kånåhols, Martin Gunnarsson, Ylva Nilsagård
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: The potential benefit of breathing exercises with positive expiratory pressure in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of multiple sclerosis has not yet been investigated.

Objectives: To study the effects of home-based breathing exercises performed during two months by patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 48 patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis registered in Orebro County, Sweden were selected out of the national MS registry. A breathing exercise group (n=23) were compared to a control group (n=25) performing no breathing exercises. The breathing exercises were performed with a positive expiratory pressure device (10-15 cmH20) and consisted of 30 slow deep breaths performed twice a day during two months. Respiratory muscle strength, lung volumes, oxygenation, breathing and coughing ability and self-reported health status was evaluated before and after the intervention.

Results: After the two months breathing exercises there was a significant difference between the Breathing exercise group and Control group regarding the relative change in vital capacity (p<0.043) and forced vital capacity (p<0.025), favoring the Breathing group (p<0.025). No other significant differences were found between the groups.

Conclusions: In this study we have shown positive effects on spirometric values after breathing exercises with positive expiratory pressure for patients with mild to moderate MS. However, no effects were found in subjective outcomes and the possibility to delay progression of respiratory dysfunction in MS patients needs to be further studied.
Transcriptome analysis in calorie-restricted rats implicates epigenetic and post-translational mechanisms in neuroprotection and aging
Authors: Shona H. Wood, Sipko van Dam, Thomas Craig, Robi Tacutu, Amy O’Toole, Brian J. Merry, João Pedro de Magalhães
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

Caloric restriction (CR) can increase longevity in rodents and improve memory function in humans. α-Lipoic acid (LA) has been shown to improve memory function in rats, but not longevity. While studies have looked at survival in rodents after switching from one diet to another, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of CR and LA supplementation are unknown. Here, we use RNA-seq in cerebral cortex from rats subjected to CR and LA-supplemented rats to understand how changes in diet can affect aging, neurodegeneration and longevity. Gene expression changes during aging in ad libitum-fed rats are largely prevented by CR, and neuroprotective genes are overexpressed in response to both CR and LA diets with a strong overlap of differentially expressed genes between the two diets. Moreover, a number of genes are differentially expressed specifically in rat cohorts exhibiting diet-induced life extension. Finally, we observe that LA supplementation inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) protein activity in vitro in rat astrocytes. We find a single microRNA, miR-98-3p, that is overexpressed during CR feeding and LA dietary supplementation; this microRNA alters HDAC and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, which suggests a role for HAT/HDAC homeostasis in neuroprotection. This study presents extensive data on the effects of diet and aging on the cerebral cortex transcriptome, and also emphasises the importance of epigenetics and post-translational modifications in longevity and neuroprotection.
Googling the Coronary: Fiberoptics and a Computer Provide the Answers
Authors: James E. Muller, Simon R. Dixon
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)

In this issue of iJACC , Tearney et al. ([1][1]) provide stunning images of the coronary arteries obtained with the first use of optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) in patients. As has been done with internet searching, the authors have used major advances in optical methods and computerized
Abstract 2468: Is the LV Reverse Remodeling Imparted by Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis Durable? A Cardiovascular MRI Study <i>sponsored by the American Heart Association</i>
Authors: Robert W Biederman, James A Magovern, Saundra Grant, Ronald Williams, June Yamrozik, Diane A Vido, Vikas K Rathi, Mark Doyle
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background In patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), long-term data tracking surgically induced beneficial effects of afterload reduction on reverse LV remodeling are not available. Echocardiographic data is available short term, but in limited fashion beyond one year. Cardiac MRI (CMR) offers the ability to track changes in LV metrics with small numbers due to its inherent high spatial resolution and low variability. Hypothesis We hypothesize that progressive changes following aortic valve replacement (AVR) are detectable by CMR and changes in LV structure and function, triggered by AVR, continue for an extended period following AVR. Methods Ten patients (67±12 yrs, 6 female) with severe, but compensated AS, underwent CMR pre-AVR and post AVR at 6±2mo, 1yr±2mo, 4yrs±5mo. LV mass index (LVMI), LV geometry, volumetrics and EF were measured (GE, EXCITE 1.5T, Milwaukee, WI). A Kruskall-Wallis one-way ANOVA was performed. Results All 10 pts survived AVR and underwent CMR at the 4-year time point (40 total time points). LVMI markedly decreased at 6 months (157±42 to 134±32g/m 2 , p&lt;0.005) and continued to trend down at 4 yrs (127±32g/m 2 ). Similarly, EF increased pre to post AVR (55±22 to 65±11%, (p&lt;0.05)) and continued trending upward, remaining stable at years 1–4 (66±11 vs. 65±9%). LVEDV index, initially high pre AVR, normalized post AVR (83±30 to 68±11ml/m 2 , p&lt;0.05) trending even lower by yr 4 (66±10 ml/m 2 ). LV stroke volume increased rapidly from pre to post AVR (40±11 to 44±7ml) continuing to increase at 4 yrs (49±14ml, p=0.3). Most importantly, LVMI/volume, a 3D measure of LV geometry, remained unchanged initially but over 4 yrs markedly improved (1.07±0.2 to 0.94±0.24, p&lt;0.05) all paralleling improvements in NYHA (3.2±1.0 to 1.5±1.1, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion After the initial beneficial effects imparted by AVR in severe AS patients, there are, as expected, marked improvements in LV reverse remodeling. We have shown, via CMR, that surgically induced benefits to LV structure and function, including favorable alterations in LV geometry, are durable and, unexpectedly, show continued improvement past 4 years concordant with sustained improved clinical status. This supports down regulation of both mRNA and MMP activity acutely and robust suppression long term.
Graft of the NT-3 persistent delivery gelatin sponge scaffold promotes axon regeneration, attenuates inflammation, and induces cell migration in rat and canine with spinal cord injury
Authors: Ge Li, Ming-Tian Che, Ke Zhang, Li-Na Qin, Yu-Ting Zhang, Rui-Qiang Chen, Li-Min Rong, Shu Liu, Ying Ding, Hui-Yong Shen, Si-Mei Long, Jin-Lang Wu, Eng-Ang Ling, Yuan-Shan Zeng
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Pilot clinical trials testing the safety and effects on the metastatic melanoma microenvironment of intratumoral interferon-gamma or imiquimod, plus a multipeptide melanoma vaccine
Authors: Ileana S Mauldin, Nolan A Wages, Anne M Stowman, Ena Wang, Mark E Smolkin, Walter C Olson, Donna H Deacon, Kelly T Smith, Nadejda Galeassi, Jessica E Teague, Rachael A Clark, Francesco M Marincola, Gina R Petroni, David W Mullins, Craig L Slingluff
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts A major obstacle to cancer rejection is the failure of T cells to infiltrate and function within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Direct modulation of the TME to promote T cell homing and activation may enhance tumor control. Two pilot clinical trials were conducted to test the
Overtreatment of Low-Grade Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Lesley Fallowfield, Adele Francis
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
The role of HER-2 + Topo IIα amplification in predicting benefit from CAF dose escalation-CALGB 8541
Authors: L. Harris, L. Dressler, D. Cowan, D. Berry, C. Cirrincione, G. Broadwater, H. Muss, D. Hayes, M. Ellis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9505 Background: We have demonstrated that patients with HER2 amplified tumors derive more benefit from higher doses of doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy (CAF). As topo II is a target for doxorubicin and is coamplified in 20–50% of HER2 amplified tumors, we postulated that Topo II gene copy number might be a more accurate predictive factor for CAF dose escalation. To address this hypothesis we examined Topo II and HER2 copy number, CAF dose and clinical outcomes in CALGB 8541 (a Phase III trial of CAF at 3 dose levels). Methods: Topo II and HER2 copy number was measured by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) using a triple probe system, which includes Topo II, HER2, and Chromosome 17 (Cep17) probes (Tricolor probe, Vysis). For the purposes of this study, Topo II and/or HER2 were considered amplified when >2 copies/Cep17 were detected and deleted when ≤ .67 copies /Cep17 were detected. Results: Topo II/HER2/Cep17 measurement was successful in 624/992 cases. HER2 was amplified in 117 cases (19%) and deleted in 40 cases (6%). Topo II was amplified in 41 cases (7%) and deleted in 69 (11%) cases. Topo II amplification was highly correlated with HER2 amplification (39/41), P<0.0001. Topo II was deleted in both the HER2 amplified (30/69; 43%), normal (15/69; 22%) and HER2 deleted tumors (17/69; 25%). Topo II amplification was associated with ER and/or PR negativity, HER2 by IHC (CB11) and by dual probe FISH. Although HER2 amplified tumors treated with higher dose CAF had an improved outcome, this was not observed in the Topo II amplified group. No interaction with dose was observed in the HER2 normal/deleted group or Topo II normal/deleted groups. Conclusions: In CALGB 8541, Topo II was co-amplified in 33% of HER2 amplified tumors. Contrary to our hypothesis there was no relationship between Topo II amplification and benefit from CAF dose escalation. Interestingly Topo II deletion was more common than amplification. The clinical consequences and cellular phenotypes associated with Topo II deletion deserve further investigation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Abbott Laboratories
Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Mortality in a Large Prospective Study
Authors: Michelle C. Turner, Michael Jerrett, C. Arden Pope, Daniel Krewski, Susan M. Gapstur, W. Ryan Diver, Bernardo S. Beckerman, Julian D. Marshall, Jason Su, Daniel L. Crouse, Richard T. Burnett
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Tropospheric ozone (O3) is potentially associated with cardiovascular disease risk and premature death. Results from long-term epidemiological studies on O3 are scarce and inconclusive.Objectives: In this study, we examined associations between chronic ambient O3 exposure and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large cohort of U.S. adults.Methods: Cancer Prevention Study II participants were enrolled in 1982. A total of 669,046 participants were analyzed, among whom 237,201 deaths occurred through 2004. We obtained estimates of O3 concentrations at the participant’s residence from a hierarchical Bayesian space–time model. Estimates of fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of up to 2.5 μm [PM2.5]) and NO2 concentrations were obtained from land use regression. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine mortality associations adjusted for individual- and ecological-level covariates.Measurements and Main Results: In single-pollutant models, we observed significant positive associations between O3, PM2.5, and NO2 concentrations and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. In two-pollutant models adjusted for PM2.5, significant positive associations remained between O3 and all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 ppb, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.04), circulatory (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.05), and respiratory mortality (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08–1.16) that were unchanged with further adjustment for NO2. We also observed positive mortality associations with both PM2.5 (both near source and regional) and NO2 in multipollutant models.Conclusions: Findings derived from this large-scale prospective study suggest that long-term ambient O3 contributes to risk of respiratory and circulatory mortality. Substantial health and environmental benefits may be achieved by implementing further measures aimed at controlling O3 concentrations.
Consumption of milk fat and reduced asthma risk in pre-school children
Authors: W Karmaus, C Fussman
Journal: Thorax (2004)

We read the paper by Wijga et al 1 published in the July 2003 issue of Thorax with great interest. The authors found that the consumption of specific food items such as full cream milk, butter, and brown bread can contribute to a decrease in the risk of asthma and wheezing in pre-school children. These findings agree with previous studies in adults,2 but there are a few methodological problems in the analyses used in the study which may have influenced the results obtained.

Our first area of concern is that trans-generational traditions of families with atopic diseases are not taken into consideration. For instance, families with a history of atopy tend to smoke less, which is described as a “healthy passive smoker effect”.3,4 Grandparents and parents who have asthma tend not to smoke, but their children are more likely to develop atopic manifestations than children from smoking families without asthma. It is also likely that atopic parents change their exposure to pets which may lead to a similar “healthy pet keeping effect”.5 For related reasons, families may also alter their diets resulting in a “healthy cow’s milk effect”. These potential changes within families are supported by avoidance strategies propagated by various national medical associations. Children of atopic parents therefore tend to experience different exposures. Hence, before using statistical models we need to investigate the extent to which the diet of children differs according to the atopic status of their parents. An additional table is therefore needed, comparable to table 2, with consumption frequencies in columns for allergic and non-allergic parents as well as “allergic mothers” …
Suboccipital Surgical Approach to the Cerebellopontine Angle and Internal Auditory Canal
Authors: Mansfield F W Smith
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1978)

The suboccipital craniectomy done with the patient in the prone position using modern microsurgical methods gives good anatomical exposure essential for efficient, accurate, total removal of cerebellopontine angle neoplasms and allows adjacent. uninvolved neurological structures to be spared. Modifying the anatomical exposure by varying the size and shape of the osseous craniectomy and placing the dural incision closer to the porus acousticus permits extradural retraction of the cerebellum. Thus large cerebellopontine angle neoplasms can be excised with less chance of damage to the cerebellum and smaller risk of hydrocephalus. The suboccipital craniectomy may be extended anteriorly to the facial nerve, thereby combining the suboccipital with the translabyrinthine approach. and providing a more direct angle to a large neoplasm involving the brain stem and cerebellum.
Abstract 18211: Reducing the 30-Day Readmission Rate of Heart Failure Patients Through Home Telemonitoring
Authors: Kathryn Donofrio, Lynne T Braun
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Heart failure (HF) is the number one reason for hospitalization, and over 25% of hospitalized HF patients are readmitted within 30-days. Many HF readmissions are preventable with improved care coordination, better symptom management, and adherence to medications and diet. In 2012, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) began to financially penalize hospitals for excess HF readmissions costing facilities significant funds. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of a nurse-based home telemonitoring program on 30-day all-cause readmission rate of HF patients and the cost effectiveness of this program. METHODS: This was a quasi-experiment comparing 40 HF patients at high risk for readmission who were given a nurse-based telemonitoring program, with an 80-patient usual care (UC) group. Telemonitoring (TM) patients received two home visits by a nurse consisting of HF education and use of home telemonitoring equipment. TM patients transmitted vital signs, weight and pulse oximetry daily for 3 months. Data was reviewed by a nurse who contacted the patient if a significant change or trend emerged, as well as contacting the physician for an appropriate course of action. Baseline characteristics and readmission rates were compared between TM and UC groups using independent t-test and two-sample t-test between proportions. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between groups except for a lower ejection fraction in the TM group (UC 46% vs TM 38%; p=0.005). All-cause 30-day readmission rate for the TM group was 12.5% compared with 27.5% for the UC group (p=0.039); HF 30-day readmission rate for the TM group was 2.5% versus 10% for the UC group (p=0.052). Program financial analysis indicates a first year cost of $35,000 for the one-time purchase of 10 monitors with variable cost of roughly $400/patient. Total cost of the program approached $51,000 however the CMS penalty for excess HF readmission is nearly $183,500 for 2013. CONCLUSION: This study shows that home telemonitoring can significantly reduce 30-day readmission rates in HF patients. Additionally, the decrease in HF readmissions reduces the CMS penalty by approximately $118,400 showing that home telemonitoring can be a cost effective way to transition patients from hospital to home.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Rivaroxaban or Warfarin
Authors: Matthew W. Sherwood, Christopher C. Nessel, Anne S. Hellkamp, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Jonathan P. Piccini, Eun-Young Suh, Richard C. Becker, Daniel E. Singer, Jonathan L. Halperin, Graeme J. Hankey, Scott D. Berkowitz, Keith A.A. Fox, Manesh R. Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common complication of oral anticoagulation. This study evaluated GI bleeding in patients who received at least 1 dose of the study drug in the on-treatment arm of the ROCKET AF (Rivaroxaban Once-daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation) trial. The primary outcome was adjudicated GI bleeding reported from first to last drug dose + 2 days. Multivariable modeling was performed with pre-specified candidate predictors. Of 14,236 patients, 684 experienced GI bleeding during follow-up. These patients were older (median age 75 years vs. 73 years) and less often female. GI bleeding events occurred in the upper GI tract (48%), lower GI tract (23%), and rectum (29%) without differences between treatment arms. There was a significantly higher rate of major or nonmajor clinical GI bleeding in rivaroxaban- versus warfarin-treated patients (3.61 events/100 patient-years vs. 2.60 events/100 patient-years; hazard ratio: 1.42; 95% confidence interval: 1.22 to 1.66). Severe GI bleeding rates were similar between treatment arms (0.47 events/100 patient-years vs. 0.41 events/100 patient-years; p = 0.39; 0.01 events/100 patient-years vs. 0.04 events/100 patient-years; p = 0.15, respectively), and fatal GI bleeding events were rare (0.01 events/100 patient-years vs. 0.04 events/100 patient-years; 1 fatal events vs. 5 fatal events total). Independent clinical factors most strongly associated with GI bleeding were baseline anemia, history of GI bleeding, and long-term aspirin use. In the ROCKET AF trial, rivaroxaban increased GI bleeding compared with warfarin. The absolute fatality rate from GI bleeding was low and similar in both treatment arms. Our results further illustrate the need for minimizing modifiable risk factors for GI bleeding in patients on oral anticoagulation.
Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and cirrhosis: A phase 3 study (OPTIMIST‐2)
Authors: Eric Lawitz, Gary Matusow, Edwin DeJesus, Eric M. Yoshida, Franco Felizarta, Reem Ghalib, Eliot Godofsky, Robert W. Herring, Gary Poleynard, Aasim Sheikh, Hillel Tobias, Marcelo Kugelmas, Ronald Kalmeijer, Monika Peeters, Oliver Lenz, Bart Fevery, Guy De La Rosa, Jane Scott, Rekha Sinha, James Witek
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)–infected patients with cirrhosis are historically a difficult‐to‐treat population and are at risk of hepatic decompensation. In the phase 2 COSMOS study that evaluated simeprevir (HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor) + sofosbuvir (HCV nucleotide analogue NS5B polymerase inhibitor) ± ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks in HCV genotype (GT)1–infected patients, high rates of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after planned end of treatment (SVR12) were achieved, including in patients with cirrhosis (METAVIR score F4). This phase 3, open‐label, single‐arm study (OPTIMIST‐2 [NCT02114151]) evaluated the efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of simeprevir + sofosbuvir in HCV GT1–infected treatment‐naive or treatment‐experienced patients with cirrhosis. Patients (aged 18‐70 years) with chronic HCV GT1 infection and documented presence of cirrhosis received oral simeprevir 150 mg once daily + sofosbuvir 400 mg once daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was the proportion of patients achieving SVR12 versus a composite historical control (SVR12 rate of 70%). Safety and patient‐reported outcomes were assessed. Overall, 103 patients received treatment. SVR12 with simeprevir + sofosbuvir (83%, 95% confidence interval 76%‐91%) met the primary objective of superiority versus the historical control (70%). SVR12 rates for treatment‐naive and treatment‐experienced patients were 88% (44/50) and 79% (42/53), respectively. Adverse events occurred in 72 (70%) patients, with most (64%) being grade 1 or 2. Serious adverse events (none considered related to study treatment) occurred in five (5%) patients, and three (3%) patients discontinued all study treatment due to adverse events. Patient‐reported outcomes improved from baseline to follow‐up week 12. Conclusion: Simeprevir + sofosbuvir for 12 weeks achieved superiority in SVR12 rates versus the historical control in treatment‐naive and treatment‐experienced HCV GT1‐infected patients with cirrhosis and was generally safe and well tolerated. (H epatology 2016;64:360‐369)