tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variation in B-Cell–Activating Factor Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Developing B-Cell Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Anne J. Novak, Susan L. Slager, Zachary S. Fredericksen, Alice H. Wang, Michelle M. Manske, Steven Ziesmer, Mark Liebow, William R. Macon, Stacey R. Dillon, Thomas E. Witzig, James R. Cerhan, Stephen M. Ansell
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Elevated B-cell–activating factor (BAFF; TNFSF13B) levels have been found in patients with B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases, suggesting that it may play a pathogenic role. We previously found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TNFSF13B promoter resulted in increased transcription, suggesting that genetic variation in TNFSF13B may influence its expression. We therefore wanted to determine if genetic variation in TNFSF13B is associated with high BAFF levels and non–Hogkin lymphoma (NHL) risk. We genotyped 9 tagSNPs within TNFSF13B in a clinic-based study of 441 NHL cases and 475 matched controls and evaluated the association of individual SNPs with risk of NHL; 3 tagSNPs were significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05). When categorized into low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups based on risk alleles, we found the permutation-corrected odds ratio for the trend to be 1.43 (P = 0.0019) for risk of B-cell NHL, 1.69 (P = 0.0093) for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1.43 (P = 0.029) for follicular lymphoma, and 1.06 (P = 0.21) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. The mean serum BAFF level in those who carried the low-risk alleles was 2 ng/mL compared with 4.3 ng/mL in those with the high-risk alleles (P = 0.02). Taken together, our data suggest that genetic variation in the TNFSF13B gene is significantly associated with NHL risk and elevated serum BAFF levels. [Cancer Res 2009;69(10):4217–24]
A Randomized Trial of Deep-Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Günther Deuschl, Carmen Schade-Brittinger, Paul Krack, Jens Volkmann, Helmut Schäfer, Kai Bötzel, Christine Daniels, Angela Deutschländer, Ulrich Dillmann, Wilhelm Eisner, Doreen Gruber, Wolfgang Hamel, Jan Herzog, Rüdiger Hilker, Stephan Klebe, Manja Kloss, Jan Koy, Martin Krause, Andreas Kupsch, Delia Lorenz, Stefan Lorenzl, H Maximilian Mehdorn, Jean Richard Moringlane, Wolfgang Oertel, Marcus O Pinsker, Heinz Reichmann, Alexander Reuss, Gerd-Helge Schneider, Alfons Schnitzler, Ulrich Steude, Volker Sturm, Lars Timmermann, Volker Tronnier, Thomas Trottenberg, Lars Wojtecki, Elisabeth Wolf, Werner Poewe, Jürgen Voges
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reduces levodopa-related motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease. We compared this treatment plus medication with medical management.In this randomized-pairs trial, we enrolled 156 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and severe motor symptoms. The primary end points were the changes from baseline to six months in the quality of life, as assessed by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), and the severity of symptoms without medication, according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, part III (UPDRS-III).Pairwise comparisons showed that neurostimulation, as compared with medication alone, caused greater improvements from baseline to six months in the PDQ-39 (50 of 78 pairs, P=0.02) and the UPDRS-III (55 of 78, P<0.001), with mean improvements of 9.5 and 19.6 points, respectively. Neurostimulation resulted in improvements of 24 to 38 percent in the PDQ-39 subscales for mobility, activities of daily living, emotional well-being, stigma, and bodily discomfort. Serious adverse events were more common with neurostimulation than with medication alone (13 percent vs. 4 percent, P<0.04) and included a fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. The overall frequency of adverse events was higher in the medication group (64 percent vs. 50 percent, P=0.08).In this six-month study of patients under 75 years of age with severe motor complications of Parkinson's disease, neurostimulation of the subthalamic nucleus was more effective than medical management alone. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00196911 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Differences in Ureteroscopic Stone Treatment and Outcomes for Distal, Mid-, Proximal, or Multiple Ureteral Locations: The Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society Ureteroscopy Global Study
Authors: Enrique Perez Castro, Palle J.S. Osther, Viorel Jinga, Hassan Razvi, Konstantinos G. Stravodimos, Kandarp Parikh, Ali R. Kural, Jean J. de la Rosette
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Surfactant protein C mutations in sporadic forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Authors: P. Markart, C. Ruppert, M. Wygrecka, R. Schmidt, M. Korfei, H. Harbach, I. Theruvath, U. Pison, W. Seeger, A. Guenther, H. Witt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Interstitial pneumonias have recently been associated with mutations in the gene encoding surfactant protein C ( SFTPC ). In particular, SFTPC mutations have been reported in a number of familial forms of pulmonary fibrosis and in infants with interstitial lung diseases. The present study searched for SFTPC mutations in adult patients with sporadic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. In total, 35 adult patients with sporadic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and 50 healthy subjects were investigated for SFTPC mutations by direct DNA sequencing. Of the patients with sporadic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, 25 suffered from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 10 patients from nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Only two frequent nonsynonymous variants, T138N and S186N, were detected. Allele frequencies of both variations as well as of other identified noncoding alterations did not differ significantly between the diverse patient groups and control subjects. In conclusion, mutations in the gene encoding surfactant protein C are not common in sporadic cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, suggesting that the mutated gene does not play an important role in the pathogenesis of these forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.
Temozolomide Versus Procarbazine, Lomustine, and Vincristine in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Michael Brada, Sally Stenning, Rhian Gabe, Lindsay C. Thompson, David Levy, Roy Rampling, Sara Erridge, Frank Saran, Rao Gattamaneni, Kirsten Hopkins, Sarah Beall, V. Peter Collins, Siow-Ming Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent licensed for treatment of high-grade glioma (HGG). No prospective comparison with nitrosourea-based chemotherapy exists. We report, to our knowledge, the first randomized trial of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) versus TMZ in chemotherapy-naive patients with recurrent HGG.Four hundred forty-seven patients were randomly assigned to PCV (224 patients) or TMZ (sub-random assignment: TMZ-5 [200 mg/m(2) for 5 days, 112 patients] or TMZ-21 [100 mg/m(2) for 21 days, 111 patients]) for up to 9 months or until progression. The primary outcomes were survival (PCV v TMZ) and 12-week progression-free survival (PFS; TMZ-5 v TMZ-21). This study is registered as ISRCTN83176944.Percentages of patients completing 9 months of treatment in the PCV, TMZ-5, and TMZ-21 arms were 17%, 26%, and 13%, respectively. Major toxicity was similar across all three groups. With a median follow-up time of 12 months and 382 deaths, there was no clear survival benefit when comparing PCV with TMZ (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.11; P = .350). For TMZ-5 versus TMZ-21, 12-week PFS rates were similar (63.6% and 65.7%, respectively; P = .745), but TMZ-5 improved overall PFS (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.82; P = .023), survival (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.75; P = .056), and global quality of life (49% v 19% improved > 10 points at 6 months, respectively; P = .005).Although TMZ (both arms combined) did not show a clear benefit compared with PCV, comparison of the TMZ schedules demonstrated that the 21-day schedule was inferior to the 5-day schedule in this setting. This challenges the current understanding of increasing TMZ dose-intensity by prolonged scheduling.
When do we need central nervous system prophylaxis in patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type?
Authors: S.J. Kim, S.Y. Oh, J.Y. Hong, M.H. Chang, D.H. Lee, J. Huh, Y.H. Ko, Y.C. Ahn, H.-J. Kim, C. Suh, K. Kim, W.S. Kim
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
The relevance of gastrointestinal fistulae in clinical practice: a review
Authors: M Falconi, P Pederzoli
Journal: Gut (2001)

Gastrointestinal fistulae most frequently occur as complications after abdominal surgery (75–85%) although they can also occur spontaneously—for example, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as diverticulitis or following radiation therapy. Abdominal trauma can also lead to fistula formation although this is rare. Postoperative gastrointestinal fistulae can occur after any abdominal procedure in which the gastrointestinal tract is manipulated. Regardless of the cause, leakage of intestinal juices initiates a cascade of events: localised infection, abscess formation and, as a result of a septic focus, fistulae formation. The nature of the underlying disease may also be important, with some studies showing that fistula formation is more frequent following surgery for cancer than for benign disease. Fistula formation can result in a number of serious or debilitating complications, ranging from disturbance of fluid and electrolyte balance to sepsis and even death. The patient will almost always suffer from severe discomfort and pain. They may also have psychological problems, including anxiety over the course of their disease, and a poor body image due to the malodorous drainage fluid. Postoperative fistula formation often results in prolonged hospitalisation, patient disability, and enormous cost. Therapy has improved over time with the introduction of parental nutrition, intensive postoperative care, and advanced surgical techniques, which has reduced mortality rates. However, the number of patients suffering from gastrointestinal fistulae has not declined substantially. This can partially be explained by the fact that with improved care, more complex surgery is being performed on patients with more advanced or complicated disease who are generally at higher risk. Therefore, gastrointestinal fistulae remain an important complication following gastrointestinal surgery.
Giant retinal tears resulting from eye gouging in rugby football
Authors: I G M Duguid, P K Leaver
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

A 29 year old myopic man sustained two separate giant retinal tears in his right eye following deliberate eye gouging during a rugby tackle. These were successfully repaired by vitrectomy and intraocular silicone oil injection. Although the postoperative course was complicated by pupil block glaucoma, he regained corrected visual acuity of 6/5 after oil removal. This injury highlights the potentially sight threatening nature of this type of rugby injury and the importance of early referral for specialist treatment.
Effect of Extrasystoles on Idioventricular Rhythm
Authors: HERMAN O. KLEIN, PAUL F. CRANEFIELD, BRIAN F. HOFFMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Ventricular extrasystoles exert a variable effect on idioventricular rhythm. The postextrasystolic, or the "returning," cycle may be unchanged, or it may be shorter or longer than the dominant cycle. The factors responsible for these different responses have never been investigated. Therefore, the effect of electrically induced extrasystoles was studied by microelectrode techniques in an in vitro model of idioventricular rhythm consisting of spontaneously firing Purkinje fiber bundles with their attached ventricular segments. Late extrasystoles lengthened the Purkinje returning cycle, primarily by transiently increasing the duration of spontaneous phase-4 depolarization. In contrast, early extrasystoles produced shortening of the returning cycle, primarily because of the marked abbreviation of the duration of the extrasystolic action potential. Other factors affecting the ultimate duration of the Purkinje returning cycle were delineated. The effect of extrasystoles on the electrical activity of the ventricular segments was studied by surface electrograms. This effect was complex and was modified by the direction of propagation of the extrasystole with respect to the pacemaker site and by the degree of conduction delay. Ventricular electrical activity usually reflected the electrical events occurring in the pacemaker cells, but frequent exceptions occurred: the ventricular returning cycle could be prolonged while the corresponding Purkinje returning cycle was shortened and vice versa. "Interpolation" of an extrasystole did not necessarily indicate failure of the extrasystole to discharge the pacemaker site. The effects of extrasystoles on idioventricular rhythm which have been described in the earlier literature are easily understood from the findings of this study.
Quantification of stenotic mitral valve area with magnetic resonance imaging and comparison with Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Shiow Jiuan Lin, Peggy A. Brown, Mary P. Watkins, Todd A. Williams, Katherine A. Lehr, Wei Liu, Gregory M. Lanza, Samuel A. Wickline, Shelton D. Caruthers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Interferon-gamma gene polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kwangwoo Kim, Soo-Kyung Cho, Andrea Sestak, Bahram Namjou, Changwon Kang, Sang-Cheol Bae
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Objective Interferon-gamma (IFNG) is a type II interferon playing diverse roles in innate and adaptive immune systems. Elevated expression of IFNG has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study examined the association of IFNG polymorphisms with SLE susceptibility. Methods Five tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and eight variations in all known regulatory sequences affecting IFNG expression within and around IFNG were genotyped in 1759 unrelated Korean subjects. SLE susceptibility association was assessed by comparing 742 SLE patients and 1017 unaffected controls using multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and gender. Results SLE susceptibility association was significant with rs2069705 in the promoter (adjusted OR 2.27, p=0.0024) and marginal with rs3181032 in the promoter (p=0.037), rs2430561 in intron 1 (p=0.022) and rs2069718 in intron 3 (p=0.026) in a recessive genetic model. Five other SNP showed no association and four other variations were not polymorphic. Conclusion Several SNP in IFNG are associated with SLE susceptibility, and the risk allele of an associated SNP (rs2430561) located in an NF-κB binding site has elevated IFNG expression versus the non-risk allele, supporting that elevated IFNG expression is associated with increased SLE susceptibility.
Management of Adult Patients with Persistent Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Following Splenectomy
Authors: Sara K. Vesely, Jedidiah J. Perdue, Mujahid A. Rizvi, Deirdra R. Terrell, James N. George
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

This review found little good-quality evidence about treatments for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who have persistent severe thrombocytopenia after splenectomy.
Simplified ontologies allowing comparison of developmental mammalian gene expression
Authors: Adele Kruger, Oliver Hofmann, Piero Carninci, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Winston Hide
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Model organisms represent an important resource for understanding the fundamental aspects of mammalian biology. Mapping of biological phenomena between model organisms is complex and if it is to be meaningful, a simplified representation can be a powerful means for comparison. The Developmental eVOC ontologies presented here are simplified orthogonal ontologies describing the temporal and spatial distribution of developmental human and mouse anatomy. We demonstrate the ontologies by identifying genes showing a bias for developmental brain expression in human and mouse.
Evolution of the 4‐anilidopiperidine class of opioid analgesics
Authors: Jerome R. Bagley, Linas V. Kudzma, Nhora L. Lalinde, John A. Colapret, Bao‐Shang Huang, Bor‐Sheng Lin, Thomas P. Jerussi, Mark J. Benvenga, Brian M. Doorley, Michael H. Ossipov, Theodore C. Spaulding, H. Kenneth Spencer, Frieda G. Rudo, Richard L. Wynn
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1991)
Exon-Based Clustering of Murine Breast Tumor Transcriptomes Reveals Alternative Exons Whose Expression Is Associated with Metastasis
Authors: Martin Dutertre, Magali Lacroix-Triki, Keltouma Driouch, Pierre de la Grange, Lise Gratadou, Samantha Beck, Stefania Millevoi, Jamal Tazi, Rosette Lidereau, Stephan Vagner, Didier Auboeuf
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

In the field of bioinformatics, exon profiling is a developing area of disease-associated transcriptome analysis. In this study, we performed a microarray-based transcriptome analysis at the single exon level in mouse 4T1 primary mammary tumors with different metastatic capabilities. A novel bioinformatics platform was developed that identified 679 genes with differentially expressed exons in 4T1 tumors, many of which were involved in cell morphology and movement. Of 152 alternative exons tested by reverse transcription-PCR, 97 were validated as differentially expressed in primary tumors with different metastatic capability. This analysis revealed candidate progression genes, hinting at variations in protein functions by alternate exon usage. In a parallel effort, we developed a novel exon-based clustering analysis and identified alternative exons in tumor transcriptomes that were associated with dissemination of primary tumor cells to sites of pulmonary metastasis. This analysis also revealed that the splicing events identified by comparing primary tumors were not aberrant events. Lastly, we found that a subset of differentially spliced variant transcripts identified in the murine model was associated with poor prognosis in a large clinical cohort of patients with breast cancer. Our findings illustrate the utility of exon profiling to define novel theranostic markers for study in cancer progression and metastasis.
Management of Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia
Authors: W. Brian Duffy
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Although the incidence of gout, renal stones, or both is increased in patients with hyperuricemia, there is no evidence that long-term therapy offers any substantial long-term benefits. Recent data also suggest that no clear relationship exists between hyperuricemia and the development of interstitial nephritis (so-called urate nephropathy). Finally, the relationship between elevations in the serum concentration of uric acid and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease remains undefined. It is recommended that, in a patient with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, a conservative approach be taken and hypouricemic therapy not be instituted as a matter of routine. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2215-2216)
Intrarenal Volumes of Distribution and Relative Diffusion Coefficients of Monohydric Alcohols
Authors: Francis P. Chinard, Colette N. Thaw, Anne C. Delea, William Perl
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Indicator dilution outflow patterns in renal venous blood from anesthetized dog kidney were measured for the monohydric alcohols from methanol to hexanol with tritiated water (THO) and T-1824 dye as reference indicators. Also measured were olive-oil-to-water and red-cell-to-plasma partition coefficients. The indicator dilution results were: (1) at normal hematocrit, the mean transit times of all the alcohols were approximately the same as for THO; (2) at low hematocrit, the mean transit time of hexanol was approximately 1.6 times that of THO; (3) at both normal and low hematocrits, the upslope portion of the alcohol curves was earlier and steeper dian that of the THO curve, the more so with increasing alcohol carbon number. Results 1 and 2 and the partition coefficients were consistent with an increased volume of distribution of hexanol relative to THO, due to the lipid content of kidney cortical tissue. The previously reported convection-diffusion model applied to result 3 provided diffusion coefficients of the alcohols relative to THO in kidney cortical tissue in vivo.
Children with diabetes.
Authors: J D Baum
Journal: BMJ (1990)

keen to continue sponsoring activities that result in greater use of their services?The tailored package of care and support for individual patients that has been created in some areas in response to the HIV epidemic would serve as a model for the care of patients with other chronic conditions.This system is threatened in three ways: general practitioners will be reluctant to take on patients with HIV infection or AIDS because they need costly drugs and create a heavy workload; acute and community services in the same district will be managerially separate and their relationships complicated by cross charging; and com- munity care teams will have to agree contracts with districts of residence before crossing boundaries to facilitate continuity of expert care for patients.In outline these are some of the problems for one specialty.Nevertheless, there may also be opportunities to modify the original plans to make them more workable.Indeed, the contracting process could be used to improve the service for patients with AIDS.If regional health authorities contract for AIDS services directly they could programme development to "roll out" new knowledge and skills from the few specialist centres to non-teaching districts.Centres with academic and research contracts could continue their research and develop- ment with extra regional funding to allow for their more complex case mix."Satellite" districts would then hold con- tracts with the specialist centre for a form of shared care.These would be based on protocols, negotiated between clinicians, specifying the level of work to be handled in each district if the patient was willing.An additional strategy would be for consultants from the specialist centres to take on sessions with other district clinics, and vice versa.Just as important, the contracts could also specify the training commitments necessary for systematically disseminating knowledge and skills.Some such mechanism is vital as the numbers of patients will soon become too great for just a few centres to manage.It is a great worry that the NHS review may threaten the quality and quantity of provision of services for genitourinary medicine and HIV infection.Urgent further thought must be given to supporting their open access systems for reasons of personal and public health.Not only must they survive, but they must be encouraged to develop and expand to meet the rapidly growing demands for their complex services.Other- wise many clinics and departments will contract that increas- ingly prevalent strain of AIDS-the acute income deficiency syndrome-which in the free market world has a negligible survival rate.
Cancer Survivors at Work: A Generation of Progress
Authors: B. Hoffman
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2005)

Before the 1970s, a substantial percentage of cancer survivors faced blatant employment discrimination with little legal recourse, a paucity of support services, and limited medical options for curative treatment. Since then, survivors have benefited from improvements in cancer treatment, the passage of state and federal antidiscrimination laws, and a sea change in perceptions about living with and beyond cancer. Consequently, cancer survivors now face fewer barriers to employment opportunities. Because millions of cancer survivors, more than ever before, are now working age adults, advocacy efforts should shift from expanding legal protection from cancer-based discrimination to providing resources to help survivors meet their individual employment-related concerns.