tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Platelets secrete stromal cell–derived factor 1α and recruit bone marrow–derived progenitor cells to arterial thrombi in vivo
Authors: Steffen Massberg, Ildiko Konrad, Katrin Schürzinger, Michael Lorenz, Simon Schneider, Dietlind Zohlnhoefer, Katharina Hoppe, Matthias Schiemann, Elisabeth Kennerknecht, Susanne Sauer, Christian Schulz, Sandra Kerstan, Martina Rudelius, Stefan Seidl, Falko Sorge, Harald Langer, Mario Peluso, Pankaj Goyal, Dietmar Vestweber, Nikla R. Emambokus, Dirk H. Busch, Jon Frampton, Meinrad Gawaz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

The accumulation of smooth muscle and endothelial cells is essential for remodeling and repair of injured blood vessel walls. Bone marrow–derived progenitor cells have been implicated in vascular repair and remodeling; however, the mechanisms underlying their recruitment to the site of injury remain elusive. Here, using real-time in vivo fluorescence microscopy, we show that platelets provide the critical signal that recruits CD34+ bone marrow cells and c-Kit+ Sca-1+ Lin− bone marrow–derived progenitor cells to sites of vascular injury. Correspondingly, specific inhibition of platelet adhesion virtually abrogated the accumulation of both CD34+ and c-Kit+ Sca-1+ Lin− bone marrow–derived progenitor cells at sites of endothelial disruption. Binding of bone marrow cells to platelets involves both P-selectin and GPIIb integrin on platelets. Unexpectedly, we found that activated platelets secrete the chemokine SDF-1α, thereby supporting further primary adhesion and migration of progenitor cells. These findings establish the platelet as a major player in the initiation of vascular remodeling, a process of fundamental importance for vascular repair and pathological remodeling after vascular injury.
Isolated CNS Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated With Intensive Systemic Chemotherapy and Delayed CNS Radiation: A Pediatric Oncology Group Study
Authors: Julio C. Barredo, Meenakshi Devidas, Stephen J. Lauer, Amy Billett, MaryAnne Marymont, Jeanette Pullen, Bruce Camitta, Naomi Winick, William Carroll, A. Kim Ritchey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose Prognosis and outcome of children with isolated CNS relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has depended on duration of first complete remission (CR1). This study intensified systemic therapy by delaying CNS radiation for 12 months and tailored CNS radiation by CR1 duration. Patients and Methods Seventy-six children with first isolated CNS relapse of ALL were treated with systemic chemotherapy that effectively penetrates into the CSF and intrathecal chemotherapy for 12 months. Patients with CR1 of less than 18 months received craniospinal radiation (24 Gy cranial/15 Gy spinal), whereas those with CR1 of 18 months or more received cranial radiation only (18 Gy), followed by maintenance chemotherapy. Additionally, asymptomatic patients were enrolled in a thiotepa up-front therapeutic window. Results Seventy-four (97.4%) of 76 eligible patients achieved a second remission. Overall 4-year event-free survival (EFS) for the 71 precursor B-cell patients was 70.1% ± 5.8%. CR1 duration and National Cancer Institute (NCI; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) risk group at initial diagnosis predicted outcome. Patients with CR1 of less than 18 months and 18 months or more had a 4-year EFS of 51.6% ± 11.3% and 77.7% ± 6.4% (P = .027), respectively. NCI high- versus standard-risk 4-year EFS was 51.4% ± 10.8% and 80.2% ± 6.3% (P = .0018), respectively. A significant difference in EFS between standard risk/CR1 of at least 18 months and both high risk/CR1 of less than 18 months and high risk/CR1 of at least 18 months groups was detected (P = .0068 and .0314, respectively). Response rate to thiotepa was 78%. Most relapses involved the bone marrow, and three second malignancies were reported. Conclusion Twelve months of intensive systemic chemotherapy with reduced dose cranial radiation (18 Gy) is highly effective for children with isolated CNS relapse and CR1 of 18 months or more. Novel strategies are needed for patients with CR1 of less than 18 months.
Clinical features of influenza disease in admitted children during the first postpandemic season and risk factors for hospitalization: a multicentre Spanish experience
Authors: C. Launes, J.J. García-García, A. Martínez-Planas, F. Moraga, N. Soldevila, I. Astigarraga, J. Arístegui, J. Korta, J.M. Quintana, N. Torner, A. Domínguez
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Commonly Used Imaging Techniques for Diagnosis and Staging
Authors: Jelle Barentsz, Satoru Takahashi, Wim Oyen, Roel Mus, Pieter De Mulder, Rodney Reznek, Matthijs Oudkerk, Wim Mali
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Imaging plays a vital role in the management of patients with cancer. Not only is it important for diagnosis, indicating sites of abnormality, and guiding biopsies, but it is also crucial in assessing disease extent and thereby determining treatment. In this review, conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography are described, with attention to their mechanisms of action, and their strengths and weaknesses in diagnosis and staging of tumors. New developments are addressed and radiation safety issues are highlighted. In addition, we describe current and expected future uses of imaging techniques in oncology. Given that each technique has its inherent strengths and weaknesses, the combination of the methods will result in improved diagnosis, staging, and treatment prediction and monitoring.
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Variants and Risk of Cervical Cancer
Authors: A Hildesheim, M Schiffman, C Bromley, S Wacholder, R Herrero, A Rodriguez, M C Bratti, M E Sherman, U Scarpidis, Q Q Lin, M Terai, R L Bromley, K Buetow, R J Apple, R D Burk
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)
Modulation of gene expression in drug resistant Leishmania is associated with gene amplification, gene deletion and chromosome aneuploidy
Authors: Jean-Michel Ubeda, Danielle Légaré, Frédéric Raymond, Amin Ahmed Ouameur, Sébastien Boisvert, Philippe Rigault, Jacques Corbeil, Michel J Tremblay, Martin Olivier, Barbara Papadopoulou, Marc Ouellette
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract Background Drug resistance can be complex, and several mutations responsible for it can co-exist in a resistant cell. Transcriptional profiling is ideally suited for studying complex resistance genotypes and has the potential to lead to novel discoveries. We generated full genome 70-mer oligonucleotide microarrays for all protein coding genes of the human protozoan parasites Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum . These arrays were used to monitor gene expression in methotrexate resistant parasites. Results Leishmania is a eukaryotic organism with minimal control at the level of transcription initiation and few genes were differentially expressed without concomitant changes in DNA copy number. One exception was found in Leishmania major , where the expression of whole chromosomes was down-regulated. The microarrays highlighted several mechanisms by which the copy number of genes involved in resistance was altered; these include gene deletion, formation of extrachromosomal circular or linear amplicons, and the presence of supernumerary chromosomes. In the case of gene deletion or gene amplification, the rearrangements have occurred at the sites of repeated (direct or inverted) sequences. These repeats appear highly conserved in both species to facilitate the amplification of key genes during environmental changes. When direct or inverted repeats are absent in the vicinity of a gene conferring a selective advantage, Leishmania will resort to supernumerary chromosomes to increase the levels of a gene product. Conclusion Aneuploidy has been suggested as an important cause of drug resistance in several organisms and additional studies should reveal the potential importance of this phenomenon in drug resistance in Leishmania .
Expression of Ley antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected human T cell lines and in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC).
Authors: M Adachi, M Hayami, N Kashiwagi, T Mizuta, Y Ohta, M J Gill, D S Matheson, T Tamaoki, C Shiozawa, S Hakomori
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Ley determinant (Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----4[Fuc alpha 1----3]GlcNAc beta 1----R) defined by mAb BM-1 is highly expressed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected T cell lines and in CD3+ peripheral mature T cells of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with AIDS-related complex (ARC). Ley expression increased greatly in the CD3+ population in the advanced stage of AIDS when the CD4+ population decreased greatly. Six other carbohydrate antigens tested by their respective mAbs were not detected in these same cells. None of the carbohydrate antigens tested by the seven mAbs used in this study were found in noninfected T cell lines and in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Polymorphism of the Promoter Region of the Serotonin 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>Receptor Gene and Clozapine-Induced Weight Gain
Authors: Gavin P Reynolds, ZhiJun Zhang, XiaoBin Zhang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Weight gain, leading to further morbidity and poor treatment adherence, is a common consequence of treatment with antipsychotic drugs. A recent study showed that a polymorphism of the promoter region of the serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor gene is associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. The authors determined whether this association held true for weight gain after clozapine treatment.Thirty-two Chinese Han patients with first-episode schizophrenia were genotyped for the -759C/T polymorphism and had weight changes monitored after 6 weeks of clozapine treatment.The authors found that the 10 patients with the -759T variant allele showed significantly less weight gain than those without this allele. The effect was strongest in the male patients and not apparent in the female patients.These findings identify an important genetic factor associated with clozapine-induced weight increases in schizophrenia.
Differential lung function in an infant with the Swyer-James syndrome.
Authors: A Avital, D L Shulman, E Bar-Yishay, N Noviski, J Schachter, Y Krausz, S Godfrey
Journal: Thorax (1989)

A previously healthy two year old boy had an adenoviral infection at the age of 13 months and developed hyperlucency of the left lung, chronic respiratory distress, and failure to thrive. Bronchodilators and steroid treatment had no effect. Radionuclide lung scans using an intravenous bolus of xenon-133 both before and after treatment showed substantially reduced function on the hyperlucent side and modestly reduced function on the other side. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy showed no structural abnormalities. Partial forced expiratory flow volume (PEFV) curves, generated from end inspiration by rapid compression of the chest wall with an inflatable jacket, were obtained from the total respiratory system and from each lung separately by inflating a Fogarty catheter in the contralateral mainstem bronchus. Expiratory flow rates and volumes during both tidal breathing and PEFV manoeuvres were considerably decreased in the hyperlucent lung. PEFV curves from the "healthy" right lung and from the total respiratory system were similar in shape and showed a moderately obstructive pattern. The right lung ventilated about four times as much as the left when measured by bronchospirometry and about three times as much when measured by the radionuclide technique. The lung scans appeared to reflect adequately the functional abnormality in this infant with the Swyer-James syndrome.
Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations, Rosuvastatin Therapy, and Residual Vascular Risk
Authors: Amit V. Khera, Brendan M. Everett, Michael P. Caulfield, Feras M. Hantash, Jay Wohlgemuth, Paul M Ridker, Samia Mora
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a low-density lipoprotein–like particle largely independent of known risk factors and predictive of cardiovascular disease. Statins may offset the risk associated with elevated Lp(a), but it is unknown whether Lp(a) is a determinant of residual risk in the setting of low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after potent statin therapy. Methods and Results— Baseline and on-treatment Lp(a) concentrations were assessed in 9612 multiethnic participants in the JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) before and after random allocation to rosuvastatin 20 mg/d or placebo, with outcomes reported for whites (n=7746). Lp(a) concentrations (median [25th–75th percentile], in nmol/L) were highest in blacks (60 [34–100]), then Asians (38 [18–60]), Hispanics (24 [11–46]), and whites (23 [10–50]; P &lt;0.001). Although the median change in Lp(a) with rosuvastatin and placebo was zero, rosuvastatin nonetheless resulted in a small but statistically significant positive shift in the overall Lp(a) distribution ( P &lt;0.0001). Baseline Lp(a) concentrations were associated with incident cardiovascular disease (adjusted hazard ratio per 1-SD increment in Ln[Lp(a)], 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.34; P =0.02). Similarly, on-statin Lp(a) concentrations were associated with residual risk of cardiovascular disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.59; P =0.04), which was independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other factors. Rosuvastatin significantly reduced incident cardiovascular disease among participants with baseline Lp(a) greater than or equal to the median (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.90) and Lp(a) less than the median (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.72), with no evidence of interaction. Similar results were obtained when analyses included nonwhites. Conclusion— Among white JUPITER participants treated with potent statin therapy, Lp(a) was a significant determinant of residual risk. The magnitude of relative risk reduction with rosuvastatin was similar among participants with high or low Lp(a). Clinical Trials Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
NIK signaling in dendritic cells but not in T cells is required for the development of effector T cells and cell-mediated immune responses
Authors: Janin Hofmann, Florian Mair, Melanie Greter, Marc Schmidt-Supprian, Burkhard Becher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

The canonical NF-κB pathway is a driving force for virtually all aspects of inflammation. Conversely, the role of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway and its central mediator NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) remains poorly defined. NIK has been proposed to be involved in the formation of TH17 cells, and its absence in TH cells renders them incapable of inducing autoimmune responses, suggesting a T cell–intrinsic role for NIK. Upon systematic analysis of NIK function in cell-mediated immunity, we found that NIK signaling is dispensable within CD4+ T cells but played a pivotal role in dendritic cells (DCs). We discovered that NIK signaling is required in DCs to deliver co-stimulatory signals to CD4+ T cells and that DC-restricted expression of NIK is sufficient to restore TH1 and TH17 responses as well as cell-mediated immunity in NIK−/− mice. When CD4+ T cells developed in the absence of NIK-sufficient DCs, they were rendered anergic. Reintroduction of NIK into DCs allowed developing NIK−/− CD4+ T cells to become functional effector populations and restored the development of autoimmune disease. Therefore, our data suggest that a population of thymic DCs requires NIK to shape the formation of most αβ CD4+ T effector lineages during early development.
Current Hospital Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Amy H. Kaji, Kristi L. Koenig, Roger J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (2007)

SINCE THE ATTACKS OF SEPTEMBER 11, 2001, SUBSTANtial resources have been devoted to improving disaster preparedness in the United States, with an emphasis on mitigating terrorist threats. Adequate preparedness can only be achieved with a comprehensive approach that connects local, state, and federal programs. At the local level, planning should include all critical disaster health care resources, including hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, alternate care facilities, public health departments, and emergency medical services systems. Although hospitals are only one component of a regional program for disaster management, they represent a critical link in the system. In 2002, the US Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) established the National Bioterrorism Hospital Preparedness Program (NBHPP) to improve the preparedness of hospitals. The program’s priorities included improving hospital surge capacity, decontamination capability, and isolation capacity, as well as supplementing pharmaceutical supplies, and supporting training and education. When President Bush reauthorized the Pandemic and All Hazards Preparedness Act (Pub L No. 109-417) in 2006, oversight of the NBHPP was moved from HRSA to the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, and the NBHPP was renamed the Hospital Preparedness Program (HPP).
Multiple pigmented naevi in an albino
Authors: M. HALL, V. EUSEBI, I. D'ANGELO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article Multiple pigmented naevi in an albino Get access M. HALL, M. HALL Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. EUSEBI, V. EUSEBI Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. D'ANGELO I. D'ANGELO Ospedale Regionale‘Umberto 1′, Reparto Dermatologia, Ancona, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue 2, 1 August 1976, Pages 199–202, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb00828.x Published: 01 August 1976
Low-dose fractionated radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme with poor prognosis: a feasibility study
Authors: M. Balducci, S. Chiesa, B. Diletto, G. R. D'Agostino, A. Mangiola, S. Manfrida, G. Mantini, A. Albanese, A. Fiorentino, V. Frascino, B. De Bari, F. Micciche', F. De Rose, A. G. Morganti, C. Anile, V. Valentini
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2011)

We explored the feasibility of concurrent palliative chemotherapy and low-dose fractionated radiotherapy (LD-FRT) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Patients with recurrent/progressive GBM at least 3 months after the end of primary radiotherapy received 0.3 Gy twice daily with cisplatin and fotemustine if progressing on temozolomide, or 0.4 Gy twice daily with temozolomide if recurrent 4-6 months later (retreatment group). Newly diagnosed GBM with gross residual mass received 30 Gy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide and 0.4 Gy twice daily from the second adjuvant cycle (naive group) for 2-4 cycles. Twenty-six patients were enrolled. In the retreatment group (n = 17; median LD-FRT total dose 7.2 Gy [range 2.4-11.6]), grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicity was observed in 5.9% of patients. Median follow-up time was 20 months (range 4-35). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from the time of recurrence or progression were 4 and 8 months, respectively (OS at 6 months, 69%; at 12 months, 16.7%). In the naive group (n = 9; median LD-FRT total dose 8 Gy [range 3.2-16]), grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicity was observed in 11.1% of patients. Median follow-up time was 17 months (range 8-20)-median PFS was 9 months, with PFS at 6 months and at 1 year of 66.7% and 26.7%, respectively; and median OS was 12 months, with OS at 6 months and at 1 year of 77.8% and 34.6%, respectively. LD-FRT with concurrent chemotherapy was well tolerated.
Couples Who Get Closer After Breast Cancer: Frequency and Predictors in a Prospective Investigation
Authors: Michel Dorval, Stéphane Guay, Myrto Mondor, Benoît Mâsse, Maurice Falardeau, André Robidoux, Luc Deschênes, Elizabeth Maunsell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose Although some couples report an improved relationship since coping with breast cancer together, little quantitative information exists about this phenomenon. We assessed extent to which both couple members report that breast cancer brought them closer and characteristics that predicted this. Patients and Methods This prospective study was based on all women with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic disease first treated during recruitment in four Quebec hospitals, in addition to their spouses. Participation was 87% among eligible patients and 91% among spouses of participating patients. Both couple partners were interviewed individually about quality of life at 2 weeks and 3 and 12 months after treatment start. At 12 months, each was asked whether the disease had brought them closer, distanced them, or had no effect. Results Overall, 42% of the 282 couples said breast cancer brought them closer, 6% had one or other partner reporting feeling distanced, and less than 1% of couples had both partners reporting feeling distanced. Characteristics assessed explained 31% of variance in the proportion of couples getting closer (P &lt; .0001). After taking into account partners' prediagnosis characteristics and the woman's treatment, the spouse reporting the patient as confidant (P = .003), getting advice from her in the first 2 weeks about coping with breast cancer (P = .03), accompanying her to surgery (P = .057), the patient's reporting more affection from her spouse at 3 months since diagnosis (P = .003) predicted both partners saying the disease brought them closer. Conclusion Breast cancer can be a growth experience for couples under certain conditions. This information may help reassure patients and their spouses confronting this disease.
Lifestyle, social factors, and survival after age 75: population based study
Authors: D. Rizzuto, N. Orsini, C. Qiu, H.-X. Wang, L. Fratiglioni
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To identify modifiable factors associated with longevity among adults aged 75 and older. <b>Design</b> Population based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Kungsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden. <b>Participants</b> 1810 adults aged 75 or more participating in the Kungsholmen Project, with follow-up for 18 years. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Median age at death. Vital status from 1987 to 2005. <b>Results</b> During follow-up 1661 (91.8%) participants died. Half of the participants lived longer than 90 years. Half of the current smokers died 1.0 year (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 1.9 years) earlier than non-smokers. Of the leisure activities, physical activity was most strongly associated with survival; the median age at death of participants who regularly swam, walked, or did gymnastics was 2.0 years (0.7 to 3.3 years) greater than those who did not. The median survival of people with a low risk profile (healthy lifestyle behaviours, participation in at least one leisure activity, and a rich or moderate social network) was 5.4 years longer than those with a high risk profile (unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, no participation in leisure activities, and a limited or poor social network). Even among the oldest old (85 years or older) and people with chronic conditions, the median age at death was four years higher for those with a low risk profile compared with those with a high risk profile. <b>Conclusion</b> Even after age 75 lifestyle behaviours such as not smoking and physical activity are associated with longer survival. A low risk profile can add five years to women's lives and six years to men's. These associations, although attenuated, were also present among the oldest old (≥85 years) and in people with chronic conditions.