tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Yttrium microspheres with cetuximab plus irinotecan for patients with advanced colorectal cancer metastases to liver.
Authors: R. Murthy, A. Mahvash, R. Avritscher, W. Erwin, B. Chasen, C. Eng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS197 Background: Unresectable colorectal cancerhepatic metastases (CRCHM) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Application of systemic chemo-biologic therapies has resulted in multiple permutations of sequential therapy
Renal hypertrophy in hyperglycemic non-obese diabetic mice is associated with persistent renal accumulation of insulin-like growth factor I.
Authors: Y Segev, D Landau, M Marbach, N Shehadeh, A Flyvbjerg, M Phillip
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

The non-obese diabetic mouse is a model of spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes as a result of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, similar to the disease seen in human Type I diabetes. This mouse strain develops glomerular lesions reminiscent of those seen in human disease. The study presented here investigated the changes in renal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in hyperglycemic non-obese diabetic mice. Female non-obese diabetic mice and their age- and sex-matched controls were euthanized 4 days, 2 wk, and 4 wk after the onset of glycosuria. Kidney weight increased in diabetic mice, beginning at 2 wk after the onset of glycosuria. This renal hypertrophy was associated with an increase in renal extractable IGF-I protein. However, a decrease in IGF-I mRNA was observed at the same time. Serum IGF-I levels remained stable after 2 wk of diabetes and decreased at 1 month. No change was detected in renal IGF-I receptor mRNA levels. Renal cortical IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 mRNA levels were increased. Ligand blot analysis revealed a significant increase in serum and renal 30-kd IGFBP and a decrease in serum and kidney IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 at 30 days of diabetes. Insulin therapy prevented the increases in kidney weight, renal IGF-I, and 30-kd IGFBP, but did not reverse the decreased serum IGF-I levels observed at 1 month of diabetes. In summary, renal hypertrophy in non-obese diabetic mice is associated with a persistent accumulation of renal IGF-I and, IGFBP-1. These changes were partially reversed with insulin therapy, which did not correct the hyperglycemia, suggesting an important role for insulin deficiency in mediating these changes in the IGF system. These findings suggest that the IGF system may play a potential role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
Barriers to implementing primary HER2 FISH testing.
Authors: G. J. Tsongalis, C. B. Weldon, J. R. Trosman, W. J. Gradishar, J. C. Schink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e16642 Background: Two HER2/neu testing protocols are recommended by guidelines—primary Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and primary Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with reflex to FISH. FISH testing is recognized as more accurate at 4% error rate versus IHC at 20% (Wolf et al, J Clin Oncol. 2007). Transition to primary FISH should improve quality (Sauter et al, J Clin Oncol. 2009) but is hampered by factors of familiarity, cost, and convenience (Ross et al, Oncologist. 2009). Our goal is to further characterize the barriers to adopting primary HER2 FISH testing. Methods: 49 multi-disciplinary interviews with clinicians (n=13), executives (n=11) from 5 insurers, lab management (n=8) and pathologists (n=17) on barriers impacting a move to primary HER2 FISH testing protocol. We analyzed the interviews using the framework approach of qualitative research. Results: We identified themes impacting a move to primary HER2 FISH testing. Many care organizations lack a consistent comprehensive process to evaluate impact of a new testing protocol (Table). There are conflicting views on the impacts of primary FISH implementation: IHC pathologists and lab managers perceived it will cause ineffective workflow, clinician dissatisfaction from increased turn-around time and negative financial impact. However, FISH pathologists and lab managers reported effective workflow, clinician satisfaction, and positive/neutral financial impact (Table). Clinicians in 'IHC primary' centers did not express concerns regarding primary FISH, and reported preference for adopting it (Table). Most payers are concerned with HER2 quality issues but lack mechanisms to address them (82%). Conclusions: Organizational factors impact implementation of HER2 primary FISH testing. The dichotomy between expected and actual impact suggests lack of consistent framework and information available for decision making. Future studies assessing actual impacts of adopting primary FISH, and other testing protocols, are needed to inform diagnostic protocol evaluation and decision making. Factors Pathologists and lab managers – IHC Pathologists and lab managers – FISH Clinicians in IHC centers Payers Lack of process to evaluate 75% 78% 85% 64% Negative workflow, clinical, financial impact 88% 0% 8% 27%
A pilot study to compare 8 - FDG and F18 PET/CT study in delineating metastases in suspected skeletal disease
Authors: S. A. Shah, V. Rangarajan, N. C. Purandare, A. R. Sharma, A. C. Arora, D. S. Parasar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e22052 Title: A pilot study to compare the 18 - FDG and F18 PET/CT study in delineating metastases in suspected skeletal disease. Background: Flourodeoxy glucose (FDG), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans have been used to identify metastatic disease including skeletal lesions. But the advent of Flourine -18 (F - 18), has necessitated a need to identify its accuracy over FDG scans. Aim: To evaluate and compare FDG PET/CT and F18 PET/CT studies in locating skeletal metastases in patients with suspected disease. Methods: A pilot study was carried out on 27 patients who were referred for a FDG PET/CT study for suspected skeletal disease. A whole body (skull to ankle) FDG PET/CT study followed by a F18 PET/CT bone scan within a period of 1 week was performed. A total of 150 lesions with increased tracer concentration on FDG and F18 scan were analyzed and the characteristics of the lesion on corresponding CT images were noted. Results: Of the 150 lesions noted, 49 were seen in both FDG and F18 scans. 11 were sclerotic,16 lytic, 17 mixed while CT was normal in 5 lesion. 95 of the 101 mismatched lesions were seen on F18 scan alone &amp; were not appreciated on the FDG scan. 40% were sclerotic, 12% mixed and 11.5% were lytic. Degenerative changes comprised 12% lesions. Only 6 mismatched lesions were seen on FDG and not appreciated on F18 study.They showed no morphological abnormality on CT. 9 patients with a negative FDG scan showed lesions ranging from solitary to 16 on F18 scan, while 5 patients who had a single metastasis on FDG showed more than 6 lesions on a F18 scan. Conclusions: A F18 PET/CT study detects more skeletal lesions than FDG PET and can thus has a potential to impact patient management . Sclerotic lesions missed on FDG scans seem to be better picked on F18 scans. This pilot study provides the feasibility of a prospective study in a larger patient population to validate the impact of F18 scan in identifying skeletal metastases in various malignancies with a predisposition to bone spread. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effect of high-dose estrogen on memory in men with prostate cancer
Authors: T. M. Beer, L. B. Bland, M. Garzotto, C. W. Ryan, J. S. Janowsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4650 Background: Estrogen replacement in women, and in female animal models, improves memory and changes the structure and physiology of relevant brain regions. Estrogen replacement in women improves long term verbal memory (hippocampal function) but may not affect short term working memory (prefrontal cortex function). Gonadectomy in male rats decreases synapse density in the hippocampus, a region important for long term memory. Testosterone, but not estrogen, replacement restores hippocampal synapse spine density. Testosterone supplementation in older men produces improvements in short term working memory. Little is known about the neural and cognitive effects of androgen suppression or estrogen therapy in men with prostate cancer. Methods: We compared the long term verbal memory (using the immediate and delayed Paragraph Recall test), and working memory (using Subject Ordered and Trails tests) of androgen-deprived men with androgen-independent prostate cancer before and 1 month after starting second-line hormonal therapy with transdermal estradiol 45.6 mg (six 7.6 mg patches) applied every 7 days. Results: Androgen deprived men treated with estradiol had a significant improvement in their paragraph recall performance but no change in working memory. Conclusions: High dose estradiol may have had beneficial but specific effects on cognitive performance. The mechanism of this effect is not clear. Previous studies have shown beneficial effects of testosterone on the brain and performance in androgen deprived male rats, but effects of estradiol have only been found for recovery of function after brain injury. Thus, the beneficial effects of estradiol in this study may be due to its use in combination with androgen suppression, disease and/or an aging brain. Further studies using additional cognitive measures and control subjects will further elucidate the brain and cognitive effects of estradiol in prostate cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Oncologists and physiatrists attitudes regarding rehabilitation for patients with advanced cancer
Authors: C. K. Daugherty, G. Spill, M. Siegler, F. J. Hlubocky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

6623 Background: Prior research indicates that rehabilititation services (RS) remain underutilized by advanced cancer patients (ACP) with little known about physician attitudes toward referral of ACP for RS. Methods: We surveyed medical oncologists' (MO) and rehabilitation physicians' (RP) self-reported referral attitudes and behaviors regarding RS for ACP. Following a pre-notification letter, surveys were mailed to a systematic sample. A final survey population of 591 MO and 464 RP was created from prenotification and survey mailings. Results: The initial mailing of surveys was sent with a $10 gift card in November, 2007. With completed surveys still arriving, 353 surveys have been returned (31% response rate). A second mailing for non-responders is planned. Overall, the median age of respondents (res) is 47y (33–86); 84% men; 54% reported being in group private practice; 12% practice solo; 22% practice in a medical school. Res have practiced a median 19y (2–50) and see a median 60 (0–250) patients/week. Responding RP were slightly younger (45y vs 52y) and more often female (35% vs 24%). When asked about how an ACP's terminal prognosis (prog) affects rehab referral and acceptance, only 8% of MO said they would refer an ACP to RS regardless of estimated prog while 35% of RP said they would accept pt for rehab regardless of prog. 27% of MO said they refer ACP for RS several times a year for emotional/psychological benefit and only 10% of RP accepted ACP for RS for psychological/emotional benefit. Approximately 70% of both MO and RP believed it to be very important that ACP referred and accepted into RS adequately understand their prog. However, only 39% of RP believed ACP in RS adequately understand their prog, compared to 61% of MO (p=0.004). As surveyed, a DNR order had no effect on MO willingness to refer an ACP to RS and had minimal effects on RP willingness to accept an acp. Qualitative data has also been collected about: positive or negative experience with rehabilitation in acp. Conclusions: MO and RP share many similar attitudes with re: to the referral and acceptance of ACP for RS. However, MO appear to have more significant attitude about the emotional and psychological benefits of RS. RP are more likely to believe the ACP they care for do not adequately understand their prog. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Deficient Mitogen-Induced Virus Plaque-Forming Cells in Patients With Localized Cancer2
Authors: A. S. Kadish, R. E. Bases, J. Feingold, J. Spiro, N. A. Ghossein, B. R. Bloom
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Deficient Mitogen-Induced Virus Plaque-Forming Cells in Patients With Localized Cancer Get access A. S. Kadish, A. S. Kadish Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. E. Bases, R. E. Bases Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Feingold, J. Feingold Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Spiro, J. Spiro Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. A. Ghossein, N. A. Ghossein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. R. Bloom B. R. Bloom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 5, November 1977, Pages 1369–1374, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.5.1369 Published: 01 November 1977 Article history Received: 28 January 1977 Accepted: 06 June 1977 Published: 01 November 1977
Survival among metastatic colorectal patients in clinical trials compared to the real world.
Authors: Ziwei Wang, Lindsay Hwang, James Don Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

673 Background: Randomized clinical trials play a central role in clinical research though only a small fraction of patients partake in clinical studies. Questions thus arise regarding the generalizability of clinical trial results to the remainder of the population. This study evaluated whether patient survival from randomized clinical trials in metastatic colorectal cancer reflects real world outcomes. Methods: A Pubmed search was used to identify randomized phase III clinical trials of first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer published between 2005 and 2010. We excluded secondary or pooled analyses, second-line treatments, non-metastatic patients, non-English language, and non-randomized studies. Thirty-one clinical trials met these criteria, comprised of 79 distinct clinical trial arms. Overall survival among clinical trial patients was compared to metastatic colorectal cancer patients within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Within SEER, we restricted the analysis time-period and age of patients to match the enrollment period and age of patients within each individual clinical trial. Results: The clinical trials enrolled a total of 16,614 patients. Among all clinical trial arms the median survival ranged from 6.7-62 months, 1-year survival ranged from 30-97%, and 2-year survival ranged from 6-88%. Compared to SEER, the median survival was higher in 95% of the individual clinical trial arms by an average of 5.4 months (p&lt;0.0001). The 1-year survival was higher in 94% of the clinical trial arms by an average of 16.7% (p&lt;0.0001). The 2-year survival was higher in 71% of the clinical trial arms by an average of 7.2% (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: This study found substantially improved survival among clinical trial participants compared to patients in the SEER database suggesting that survival estimates from clinical trials may not generalize to the “real world.” Potential patient factors such as differences in underlying comorbidity, performance status, disease burden, as well as variation in treatment could not be addressed in this study, though these factors likely explain some of the observed survival differences.
CA 19–9 level predicts response to GTX chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: D. R. Fogelman, S. M. Schreibman, R. L. Fine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4206 Background: CA 19–9 is a tumor marker frequently used to assess response to treatment among patients with pancreatic cancer. We have examined the relationship between CA 19–9 and the course of pancreatic cancer patients treated with GTX, which was developed in our laboratory. Methods: We have treated 35 patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer using GTX. The regimen consists of capecitabine, 750 mg/m2 p.o. BID on days 1–14, with gemcitabine (750 mg/m2) and docetaxel (30 mg/m2) on days 4 and 11 given IV. Cycles are repeated every 21 days. We have previously found an intent-to-treat response rate of 40% at metastatic sites. The median survival of this group was 11.2 months. Nineteen patients who were evaluable for response were also followed with serial CA 19–9 values. Results: Of those responders (CR, PR, n=9) whose CA 19–9 level was initially elevated, each experienced a numerical decrease of at least 89%, with a median decrease of 97%. Conversely, the patients who did not respond had a median decrease in CA 19–9 of only 64%. Only one of five patients (20%) who progressed had a decrease of >85% in the CA 19–9 level. Of five stable patients, three (60%) had a decrease in CA 19–9 of at least 85%. Conversely, of the 13 patients whose CA 19–9 decreased by more than 85% with treatment, 9 patients (69%) responded, three (23%) demonstrated stable disease, and one (8%) progressed. The decrease in CA 19–9 with treatment also corresponded with survival. Of those patients with a decrease of 85% or more, the median survival was 385 days. Among patients with a decrease of less than 85%, survival was only 171 days. Of the patients whose initial CA 19–9 values were greater than 500, six (40%) responded, five (33%) remained stable, and four (27%) progressed. Conversely, among patients whose CA 19–9 values began at less than 500, three (43%) responded, three remained stable, and one (14%) progressed. The median survival of those patients whose initial CA 19–9 values were less or greater than 500 were 410 and 279 days, respectively. Conclusion: It appears that a fall in the CA 19–9 level of >85% is predictive of a greater response rate (92% response or stability) to GTX and longer survival. A low initial level (<500 ng/ml) also correlates with longer survival but not to a greater response to GTX. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Factors contributing to cancer screening in African Americans
Authors: C. E. Ferrans, C. Ryan, L. E. Archer, S. Freels, L. Lan, E. Paskett, R. Molokie, D. D. Hurd, A. B. Kornblith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

6514 Background: To address disparities in cancer mortality, the factors affecting participation in screening need to be identified. For African American cancer survivors in particular, little is known about continued participation in screening. The purpose of this study was to identify variables that influence compliance with cancer screening in African Americans. Methods: For this descriptive, case-control study of African Americans (500 cancer survivors, 512 non-cancer controls), the survivor group included breast (n=214), prostate (n=197), and colon cancer (n=89) survivors from 16 CALGB institutions throughout the country, who were essentially cancer free and had completed primary treatment at least 3 years earlier. Non-cancer controls were selected via random digit dialing and were matched as a group to the survivors, so the two groups were similar in ethnicity, gender, education, and city of residence. Multiple regression modeling was used to evaluate the contribution of 14 variables to cancer screening participation. Results: An unadjusted comparison showed that the cancer survivors participated more frequently in cancer screening tests than the non-cancer controls (p< .001). For both groups participation in screening was explained by six variables: female gender, greater trust in their physician, college education, having health insurance, city of residence, and more comorbidities. All contributed to more frequent screening. The strongest predictors were gender and trust in physician (p< .0001), which together explained 11% of the variance. Culturally specific variables thought to influence screening were not significant: beliefs in cultural myths, felt racial discrimination, and spirituality. Age, anxiety about cancer, general anxiety, depression, social support, and quality of life also were not significantly related to screening. No interactions were significant. Conclusions: Trust in the patient's own physician was one of the strongest variables associated with screening for both African American cancer survivors and those who never had cancer. Since trust can be directly influenced in clinical practice, these findings suggest future work to facilitate the development of trust, particularly for African American men. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Multidrug resistance-1 gene polymorphism associated with the treatment outcomes in de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: D. H. Kim, K. U. Park, J. H. Baek, J. G. Kim, S. K. Sohn, G. Y. Lee, J. Y. Park, K. B. Lee, Y. R. Do, H. S. Song
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6550 Background: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the important mechanisms of treatment failure of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, MDR-1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been known to be associated with the treatment outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia in western. However, little is known in asian ethnicity. Methods: Eighty-five newly diagnosed AML patients (M0, M1, M2, M4, M5, M6, M7) were included in the current study. Two SNPs of MDR1 gene (C3435T and G2677T/A) were analyzed using PCR/RFLP assay with genomic DNAs of the patients. Results: As regard to polymorphism of C3435T, the frequencies of CC, CT and TT genotype was 35 (41%), 40 (47%), and 10 (12%), while of G2677T/A, frequencies of each genotype were as follows: GG 22 (26%), GT 27 (32%), GA 10 (12%), TT 12 (14%), TA 11 (13%), and AA 2 (2%). CC at -3435 was significantly correlated with lower MDR expression of leukemic blasts by functional MDR assay compared to non-CC (8.03% vs 15.09%; p=0.05). In a genotypic analysis, CC at -3435 (p=0.067) and GG at -2677 (p=0.041) was strongly associated with high probability of complete remission (CR). As regard to the probability of refractoriness or relapse after CR, CC at -3435 (p=0.007) and GG at -2677 (p=0.018) was strongly related to lower relapse/refractoriness. In addition, the 3-year event free survival (EFS) of GG at -2677 was higher (62.7%) than non-GG (22.5%; p=0.0188), and that of CC at -3435 was higher (43.1%) than non-CC (20.0%; p=0.0173). In a haplotypic analysis, 3-year EFS rate of GC haplotype was higher (60.6%) than that of non-GC haplotype (23.2%; p=0.0330). In a multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model, GC haplotype was found to be a favorable prognostic factor (p=0.033, hazard ratio 0.411) together with cytogenetic risk (p=0.012, hazard ratio 0.429). However, in 51 recipients receiving allogeneic (n=44) or autologous transplantation (n=7), no differences of EFS or overall survival were noted according to the MDR1 polymorphism as regard to genotype or haplotype. Conclusion: The genotype G at -2677 and C at -3435 seemed to be associated with better response and improved survival in the treatment of AML of asian population, however not with transplant outcomes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.