tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A comparison of health expectancies over two decades in England: results of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study I and II
Authors: Carol Jagger, Fiona E Matthews, Pia Wohland, Tony Fouweather, Blossom C M Stephan, Louise Robinson, Antony Arthur, Carol Brayne
Journal: The Lancet (2015)

BackgroundWhether rises in life expectancy are increases in good-quality years is of profound importance worldwide, with population ageing. We investigate how various health expectancies have changed in England between 1991 and 2011, with identical study design and methods in each decade.MethodsBaseline data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies in populations aged 65 years or older in three geographically defined centres in England (Cambridgeshire, Newcastle, and Nottingham) provided prevalence estimates for three health measures: self-perceived health (defined as excellent–good, fair, or poor); cognitive impairment (defined as moderate–severe, mild, or none, as assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination score); and disability in activities of daily living (defined as none, mild, or moderate–severe). Health expectancies for the three regions combined were calculated by the Sullivan method, which applies the age-specific and sex-specific prevalence of the health measure to a standard life table for the same period.FindingsBetween 1991 and 2011, gains in life expectancy at age 65 years (4·5 years for men and 3·6 years for women) were accompanied by equivalent gains in years free of any cognitive impairment (4·2 years [95% CI 4·2–4·3] for men and 4·4 years [4·3–4·5] for women) and decreased years with mild or moderate–severe cognitive impairment. Gains were also identified in years in excellent or good self-perceived health (3·8 years [95% CI 3·5–4·1] for men and 3·1 years [2·7–3·4] for women). Gains in disability-free years were much smaller than those in excellent–good self-perceived health or those free from cognitive impairment, especially for women (0·5 years [0·2–0·9] compared with 2·6 years [2·3–2·9] for men), mostly because of increased mild disability.InterpretationDuring the past two decades in England, we report an absolute compression (ie, reduction) of cognitive impairment, a relative compression of self-perceived health (ie, proportion of life spent healthy is increasing), and dynamic equilibrium of disability (ie, less severe disability is increasing but more severe disability is not). Reasons for these patterns are unknown but might include increasing obesity during previous decades. Our findings have wide-ranging implications for health services and for extension of working life.FundingUK Medical Research Council.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without tics in an epidemiological sample of adolescents
Authors: A H Zohar, D L Pauls, G Ratzoni, A Apter, A Dycian, M Binder, R King, J F Leckman, S Kron, D J Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

This study was undertaken to discriminate subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adolescents.Forty individuals with obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders were ascertained from an epidemiological sample of 861 adolescents. Interviews were conducted by child psychiatrists using semistructured diagnostic interviews, including a clinician-rated Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Discriminant analysis was performed to compare the scores on the Yale-Brown scale of groups with and without comorbid tics and to compare boys and girls.Adolescents with tics were more prone to aggressive and sexual images and obsessions than were adolescents without tics; these differences could not be wholly attributed to sex differences.The subtypes among unreferred adolescents are similar to those of adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Subtypes evident in adulthood may be established relatively early in the natural course of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Understanding Brassicaceae evolution through ancestral genome reconstruction
Authors: Florent Murat, Alexandra Louis, Florian Maumus, Alix Armero, Richard Cooke, Hadi Quesneville, Hugues Roest Crollius, Jerome Salse
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

Brassicaceae is a family of green plants of high scientific and economic interest, including thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), cruciferous vegetables (cabbages) and rapeseed. We reconstruct an evolutionary framework of Brassicaceae composed of high-resolution ancestral karyotypes using the genomes of modern A. thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata, Capsella rubella, Brassica rapa and Thellungiella parvula. The ancestral Brassicaceae karyotype (Brassicaceae lineages I and II) is composed of eight protochromosomes and 20,037 ordered and oriented protogenes. After speciation, it evolved into the ancestral Camelineae karyotype (eight protochromosomes and 22,085 ordered protogenes) and the proto-Calepineae karyotype (seven protochromosomes and 21,035 ordered protogenes) genomes. The three inferred ancestral karyotype genomes are shown here to be powerful tools to unravel the reticulated evolutionary history of extant Brassicaceae genomes regarding the fate of ancestral genes and genomic compartments, particularly centromeres and evolutionary breakpoints. This new resource should accelerate research in comparative genomics and translational research by facilitating the transfer of genomic information from model systems to species of agronomic interest.
Evolution and Spread of Ebola Virus in Liberia, 2014–2015
Authors: Jason T. Ladner, Michael R. Wiley, Suzanne Mate, Gytis Dudas, Karla Prieto, Sean Lovett, Elyse R. Nagle, Brett Beitzel, Merle L. Gilbert, Lawrence Fakoli, Joseph W. Diclaro, Randal J. Schoepp, Joseph Fair, Jens H. Kuhn, Lisa E. Hensley, Daniel J. Park, Pardis C. Sabeti, Andrew Rambaut, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Fatorma K. Bolay, Jeffrey R. Kugelman, Gustavo Palacios
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2015)
Neighborhoods and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus—Reply
Authors: Paul J. Christine, Ana V. Diez Roux
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
423 Multigenotype HCV NS3 recombinant vaccinia viruses as a model for evaluation of cross-genotype immunity induced by HCV vaccines in the mouse
Authors: C. Eisenbach, A. Freyse, C.M. Lupus, K. Weigand, E. Ernst, B. Hovler, W. Stremmel, J.J. Bueert, J. Encke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Placement of US Medical School Graduates Into Graduate Medical Education, 2005 Through 2015
Authors: Henry M. Sondheimer, Imam M. Xierali, Geoffrey H. Young, Marc A. Nivet
Journal: JAMA (2015)

This study uses data from the Association of American Medical Colleges to compare the number of US medical school graduates entering graduate medical education after graduation by race and US citizenship status between 2005 and 2015.
Transgenic overexpression of Niemann-Pick C2 protein promotes cholesterol gallstone formation in mice
Authors: Mariana Acuña, Lila González-Hódar, Ludwig Amigo, Juan Castro, M. Gabriela Morales, Gonzalo I. Cancino, Albert K. Groen, Juan Young, Juan Francisco Miquel, Silvana Zanlungo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Topical Ruxolitinib for the Treatment of Alopecia Universalis
Authors: Brittany G. Craiglow, Daniel Tavares, Brett A. King
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Topical Ruxolitinib for the Treatment of Alopecia UniversalisAlopecia areata and variants alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis are common conditions for which treatment options are limited.Oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have recently been shown to be effective for the treatment of these disorders.There are, however, risks for serious adverse effects with systemic therapy that may be avoided if topical therapy were an option.
Hepatitis B and admission to medical school
Authors: R. Gauntlett, M. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR,--We agree with A M L Lever's editorial on hepatitis B and medical students.1 While some of our views on this subject have already been described,2 we should like to make several additional points.

We strongly support existing practices whereby medical students are screened for hepatitis B virus and vaccinated early after admission to medical school. The medical school and each student share responsibility to complete the vaccination protocol. After this students should be investigated for …
Hospitals’ probes into avoidable deaths are “not consistent, reliable, or transparent,” ombudsman finds
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Hospitals across England are botching investigations and wrongly absolving the NHS of blame in cases of avoidable death or serious harm, the parliamentary and health service ombudsman has found in a wide ranging review of hospitals’ complaint handling.1

Families are left without answers because incidents of avoidable harm or death are not investigated properly, the review said. Hospitals do not gather enough evidence or look at it closely enough, and staff use inconsistent methods to investigate, the report noted. In 73% of cases where …
Blood Eosinophils and Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The Copenhagen General Population Study
Authors: Signe Vedel-Krogh, Sune F. Nielsen, Peter Lange, Jørgen Vestbo, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Whether high blood eosinophils are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations among individuals with COPD in the general population is largely unknown.To test the hypothesis that high blood eosinophils predict COPD exacerbations.Among 81,668 individuals in the Copenhagen General Population Study, we examined 7,225 with COPD based on spirometry. We recorded blood eosinophils at baseline and future COPD exacerbations longitudinally, defined as moderate (short-course treatment with systemic corticosteroids) or severe (hospitalization). We also assessed exacerbation risk in a subgroup of 203 individuals with clinical COPD, defined as participants with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years, FEV1 less than 70% of predicted value, and at least one moderate or severe exacerbation in the year before baseline.During a median of 3.3 years of follow-up (range, 0.03-8.1), 1,439 severe and 2,864 moderate COPD exacerbations were recorded. Among all participants with COPD, blood eosinophils above versus below 0.34 × 10(9) cells per liter had multivariable-adjusted incidence rate ratios of 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.56-1.99) for severe exacerbations and 1.15 (1.05-1.27) for moderate exacerbations. Corresponding values in those with clinical COPD were 3.21 (2.49-4.14) and 1.69 (1.40-2.04). In contrast, using a cutpoint of 2% for blood eosinophils, the risk of exacerbations was increased for severe exacerbations only among individuals with clinical COPD and not in individuals in the broader population.Among individuals with COPD in the general population, increased blood eosinophil levels above 0.34 × 10(9) cells per liter were associated with a 1.76-fold increased risk of severe exacerbations.
Source of funding, conflict of interest (COI), and the interpretation of cancer clinical trials
Authors: R. P. Riechelmann, V. Dounaevskaia, N. Taback, A. O′Carroll, M. K. Krzyzanowska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6530 Background: Concern exists that industry sponsorship and financial relationships between investigators and drug companies may bias clinical cancer research. Our objective was to determine whether funding or authors' COI are associated with interpreting cancer clinical trials in more positive light. Methods: We reviewed phase II and randomized clinical trials (RCT) of anticancer and supportive care drugs published in 5 clinical cancer journals in a one-year period. We collected information on study design, source of funding, COI disclosure and results of primary endpoints (EP). Each concluding statement in the articles′s abstracts were independently rated by two reviewers (blinded to other study information) with respect to level of enthusiasm for the experimental agent using a 5-point scale ( Table 1 ). Summary statistics and logistic regression were used to describe the results. Results: 213 articles met inclusion criteria: 124 phase II and 89 RCT. Approximately 40% were funded by industry, at least one COI was declared in 35% of articles. Among 130/213 (61%) articles with clearly positive conclusions, the proportion of articles with highly positive conclusions was 61% in articles that declared COI vs. 40% in articles with no COI (p=0.017, CMH, adjusted for study result). In a stepwise logistic regression with journal, funding, study type, study result, and COI only COI remained significant (OR=2.4, 95%CI 1.2–5.0, P=0.017). While all articles with a negative conclusion had a negative primary EP, 21 articles with clearly positive conclusions had a negative primary EP. The most common reasons for such finding were: positive secondary EP (6 studies), experimental agent had better toxicity profile (5), non-statistically significant difference in favour of experimental agent (4). Conclusion: COI is associated with highly positive conclusions that use superlatives to promote the experimental arm No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]
Decision Making About Treatment for Advanced Cancer
Authors: Inge Henselmans, Ellen M. A. Smets, Hanneke W. M. Van Laarhoven
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Tissue-based genomics to augment post-prostatectomy risk stratification in a natural history cohort.
Authors: Ashley Ross, Michael Hiroshi Johnson, Kasra Yousefi, Elai Davicioni, Helen L. Fedor, Stephanie Glavaris, Voleak Choeurng, Christine Buerki, Lucia L.C. Lam, Nicholas Erho, Elizabeth B. Humphreys, George J. Netto, Misop Han, Alan W. Partin, Bruce J. Trock, Edward M. Schaeffer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

5059 Background: Genomics has provided insight into the underpinnings of lethal prostate cancer and led to the development and clinical use of RNA expression based gene signatures. We performed genome wide expression profiling on tissue from a large natural history cohort of at risk men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: In an IRB approved study, we utilized a case-cohort design to identify 356 intermediate and high risk men who underwent RP and had no further treatment until the time of metastasis. RP specimens were regraded by 2005 ISUP criteria and index lesions were sampled. RNA was prepared, labelled and hybridized to Human Exon 1.0 ST microarrays from which expression signatures were analyzed. The study followed REMARK guidelines for prospective blinded evaluation and analysis of prognostic biomarkers. Results: Microarray quality RNA was obtained from 260 men (99 of whom metastasized) with a median follow up of 9 years (IQR 6-12). 34 gene signatures were evaluated, including 3 based on commercially available assays (genomic classifier [GC, Decipher], microarray derived [md]-CCP, and md-GPS). GC provided the highest c-index to predict metastasis free survival at 10 years post-RP (0.76). Cumulative incidence of metastasis among men with low ( < 0.45), intermediate (0.45-0.6) and high ( > 0.6) GC scores was 12, 31 and 47% respectively at 5 years post-RP (p < 0.001). GC was independently prognostic of metastasis on multivariable analysis. Stratification by GC was most notable among nomogram predicted intermediate risk men. For instance, among men with CAPRA-S score of 3-5, 10% with low GC scores would develop metastasis compared to 27% among those with high scores. Addition of expression signatures from other CLIA certified tests (md-CCP or md-GPS) or from the next best performing expression signature (md-Penney, c-index 0.74) did not improve the performance of the GC. Conclusions: Genomic expression signatures stratify metastatic outcomes and provide additional prognostic information in a natural history cohort of men undergoing RP. Of 34 expression signatures analyzed, GC had optimal performance and captured prognostic information provided via analysis of other signatures.
A plasma cell differentiation quality control ablates B cell clones with biallelic Ig rearrangements and truncated Ig production
Authors: Nivine Srour, Guillaume Chemin, Aurélien Tinguely, Mohamad Omar Ashi, Zéliha Oruc, Sophie Péron, Christophe Sirac, Michel Cogné, Laurent Delpy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Aberrantly rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) alleles are frequent. They are usually considered sterile and innocuous as a result of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. However, alternative splicing can yield internally deleted proteins from such nonproductively V(D)J-rearranged loci. We show that nonsense codons from variable (V) Igκ exons promote exon-skipping and synthesis of V domain-less κ light chains (ΔV-κLCs). Unexpectedly, such ΔV-κLCs inhibit plasma cell (PC) differentiation. Accordingly, in wild-type mice, rearrangements encoding ΔV-κLCs are rare in PCs, but frequent in B cells. Likewise, enforcing expression of ΔV-κLCs impaired PC differentiation and antibody responses without disturbing germinal center reactions. In addition, PCs expressing ΔV-κLCs synthesize low levels of Ig and are mostly found among short-lived plasmablasts. ΔV-κLCs have intrinsic toxic effects in PCs unrelated to Ig assembly, but mediated by ER stress–associated apoptosis, making PCs producing ΔV-κLCs highly sensitive to proteasome inhibitors. Altogether, these findings demonstrate a quality control checkpoint blunting terminal PC differentiation by eliminating those cells expressing nonfunctionally rearranged Igκ alleles. This truncated Ig exclusion (TIE) checkpoint ablates PC clones with ΔV-κLCs production and exacerbated ER stress response. The TIE checkpoint thus mediates selection of long-lived PCs with limited ER stress supporting high Ig secretion, but with a cost in terms of antigen-independent narrowing of the repertoire.
Follow-up FDG PET/CT in Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Mehdi Taghipour, Charles Marcus, Pratyusha Nunna, Rathan M. Subramaniam
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of each follow-up PET/CT in the clinical assessment of recurrence as well as determining its impact on management in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Patients and Methods All patients diagnosed with NHL who had at least 1 follow-up PET/CT study, 6 months after primary treatment completion, were included. There were 204 eligible NHL patients with 560 follow-up PET/CT scans. The change in management was recorded after each follow-up PET/CT scan in comparison to the management plan before the study. Results Among the 560 scans, 388 scans (69.3%) were done without clinical suspicion and 172 scans (30.7%) were done with prior clinical suspicion of recurrence. Follow-up scan results suggested disease in 12.4% of the scans performed without clinical suspicion and ruled out disease in 16.3% scans performed with prior clinical suspicion. The management of NHL patients was changed after 37.8% of follow-up scans with prior clinical suspicion of recurrence and after 8.3% of scans in patients without prior clinical suspicion of recurrence. The management of NHL patients was not changed after 50.6% scans with prior clinical suspicion of recurrence of which 23.3% had no treatment before and after the scan and 27.3% had the same treatment continued before and after the scan. Conclusions Follow-up FDG PET/CT performed with prior clinical suspicion of recurrence added value to patients with NHL for clinical assessment in 16.3% of the scan times and influenced the management in 37.8% of scan times. The management change was only 8.3% in patients without prior clinical suspicion of recurrence, and hence, surveillance FDG PET/CT in NHL should be avoided.