tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Diagnostic Studies in the Pretreatment Evaluation of Invasive Cervical Cancer in the United States: Results of Intergroup Protocol ACRIN 6651/GOG 183
Authors: Marco A. Amendola, Hedvig Hricak, Donald G. Mitchell, Bradley Snyder, Dennis S. Chi, Harry J. Long, James V. Fiorica, Constantine Gatsonis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To review the current utilization of diagnostic tests prescribed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) clinical staging guidelines in the pretreatment work-up of invasive cervical cancer, and to compare the data with those of previous patterns of care studies. This interdisciplinary American College of Radiology Imaging Network/Gynecologic Oncology Group prospective clinical trial was conducted between March 1, 2000, and November 11, 2002. Twenty-five participating institutions, all from the United States, enrolled a total of 208 patients. Only patients scheduled for surgery with biopsy-confirmed cervical cancer of clinical FIGO stage IB or higher were eligible. The patterns of care data analysis was based on 197 patients who met all inclusion criteria. The conventional FIGO-recommended tests used for pre-enrollment FIGO clinical stage classification were at the discretion of the treating physician; overall frequency of use was tabulated for each test. Use of cystoscopy (8.1%) and sigmoidoscopy or proctoscopy (8.6%) was significantly lower than in 1988 to 1989 (P < .0001 in each instance). Intravenous urography was used in only 1% of patients as compared with 42% in 1988 to 1989 and 91% in 1983. No patient included in the data analysis had barium enema or lymphangiography. Only 26.9% of patients had examination under anesthesia for FIGO clinical staging. There is a large discrepancy between the diagnostic tests recommended by FIGO and the actual tests used for cervical cancer staging, suggesting a need to reassess the relevance of the FIGO guidelines to current clinical practice in the United States.
Sensors and Decoding for Intracortical Brain Computer Interfaces
Authors: Mark L. Homer, Arto V. Nurmikko, John P. Donoghue, Leigh R. Hochberg
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2013)

Intracortical brain computer interfaces (iBCIs) are being developed to enable people to drive an output device, such as a computer cursor, directly from their neural activity. One goal of the technology is to help people with severe paralysis or limb loss. Key elements of an iBCI are the implanted sensor that records the neural signals and the software that decodes the user's intended movement from those signals. Here, we focus on recent advances in these two areas, placing special attention on contributions that are or may soon be adopted by the iBCI research community. We discuss how these innovations increase the technology's capability, accuracy, and longevity, all important steps that are expanding the range of possible future clinical applications.
Regulation of the Acute Production of Steroids in Steroidogenic Cells*
Authors: Douglas M. Stocco, Barbara J. Clark
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1996)

The mechanism regulating the production of steroids in response to trophic hormone stimulation has been the subject of investigation for over three decades. When considering the effects of trophic hormones on the steroidogenic process it is necessary to first distinguish between acute effects and chronic effects. Acute effects are those which result in the very rapid (within minutes) synthesis and secretion of steroids in response to hormone stimulation and involve the rapid translocation of intracellular cholesterol to the site of its cleavage, as will be discussed later. Chronic effects are those which occur on the order of hours to tens of hours and involve increased gene transcription and translation of the proteins involved in the biosynthesis of steroids. This chapter will focus on studies designed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the acute regulation of steroid production in response to hormone stimulation. Overviews of the effects of chronic stimulation on steroidogenic enzymes have appeared in several excellent review articles (Simpson and Waterman 1983; Miller 1988; Hanukoglu 1992).
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) levels are elevated in RA synovial fluid
Authors: M. I. Ramos, A. S. F. Oliveira, S. Aarrass, P. P. Tak, M. C. Lebre
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) is a potent endogenous growth factor for myeloid (m)DC and plasmacytoid (p)DC. Its administration to mice and human leads to dramatic increases of various DC subsets while Flt3L−/−mice show reduced DC numbers. Flt3L and its receptor have been poorly studied in the setting of autoimmune diseases in general and in experimental arthritis in particular. The highly differentiated cellular pattern in …
Psychotic Symptoms and Population Risk for Suicide Attempt
Authors: Ian Kelleher, Paul Corcoran, Helen Keeley, Johanna T. W. Wigman, Nina Devlin, Hugh Ramsay, Camilla Wasserman, Vladimir Carli, Marco Sarchiapone, Christina Hoven, Danuta Wasserman, Mary Cannon
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

IMPORTANCEUp to 1 million persons die by suicide annually.However, a lack of risk markers makes suicide risk assessment one of the most difficult areas of clinical practice.OBJECTIVE To assess psychotic symptoms (attenuated or frank) as a clinical marker of risk for suicide attempt.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study of 1112 school-based adolescents (aged 13-16 years), assessed at baseline and at 3 and 12 months for self-reported psychopathology, psychotic symptoms, and suicide attempts.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Suicide attempts at the 3-and 12-month follow-up and acute suicide attempts (defined as those occurring in the 2 weeks before an assessment). RESULTSOf the total sample, 7% reported psychotic symptoms at baseline.Of that subsample, 7% reported a suicide attempt by the 3-month follow-up compared with 1% of the rest of the sample (odds ratio [OR], 10.01; 95% CI, 2.24-45.49),and 20% reported a suicide attempt by the 12-month follow-up compared with 2.5% of the rest of the sample (OR, 11.27; 95% CI, 4.44-28.62).Among adolescents with baseline psychopathology who reported psychotic symptoms, 14% reported a suicide attempt by 3 months (OR, 17.91; 95% CI, 3.61-88.82)and 34% reported a suicide attempt by 12 months (OR, 32.67; 95% CI, 10.42-102.41).Adolescents with psychopathology who reported psychotic symptoms had a nearly 70-fold increased odds of acute suicide attempts (OR, 67.50; 95% CI, 11.41-399.21).Differences were not explained by nonpsychotic psychiatric symptom burden, multimorbidity, or substance use.In a causative model, the population-attributable fraction of suicide attempts would be 56% to 75% for psychotic symptoms.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Adolescents with psychopathology who report psychotic symptoms are at clinical high risk for suicide attempts.More careful clinical assessment of psychotic symptoms (attenuated or frank) in mental health services and better understanding of their pathological significance are urgently needed.
RAGE: a biomarker for acute lung injury
Authors: M. J D Griffiths, D. F McAuley
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Acute lung injury (ALI), and its more severe counterpart the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are syndromes of acute respiratory failure associated with pulmonary oedema caused by increased permeability of the alveolar–capillary membrane. Many clinical scenarios are recognised as being associated with a high incidence of ALI, including the archetypal direct pulmonary and blood borne insults of pneumonia and severe sepsis, respectively. The internationally accepted diagnostic criteria1 are non-specific to the point of including patients with relatively mild hypoxia and patients with lung pathology that may be different from the classical diffuse alveolar damage.2 ALI is not uncommon but it is challenging to study, partly because the patients are heterogenous in the causes and severity of their illness. Furthermore, patients die with rather than from respiratory failure in the majority of cases.3 These issues partly account for the fact that only one intervention has been shown to affect the survival of patients with ALI. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) ARDS Network ARMA study,4 arguably the most important trial in respiratory medicine in the last 20 years, demonstrated an approximately 10% survival advantage in favour of a ventilation strategy that limited tidal volume (6 ml/kg predicted body weight) and plateau pressure (⩽30 cm H2O) compared with “standard” ventilatory parameters (12 ml/kg and ⩽50 cm H2O).

A biomarker is a clinical parameter that is measured with a view to providing information about a disease process, in this case ALI (box 1). Apart from informing the diagnostic process, …
Amygdala Response to Preattentive Masked Fear in Children With Conduct Problems: The Role of Callous-Unemotional Traits
Authors: Essi Viding, Catherine L. Sebastian, Mark R. Dadds, Patricia L. Lockwood, Charlotte A.M. Cecil, Stephane A. De Brito, Eamon J. McCrory
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

In children with conduct problems, high levels of callous-unemotional traits are associated with amygdala hypoactivity to consciously perceived fear, while low levels of callous-unemotional traits may be associated with amygdala hyperactivity. Behavioral data suggest that fear processing deficits in children with high callous-unemotional traits may extend to stimuli presented below conscious awareness (preattentively). The authors investigated the neural basis of this effect. Amygdala involvement was predicted on the basis of its role in preattentive affective processing in healthy adults and its dysfunction in previous studies of conduct problems.Functional MRI was used to measure neural responses to fearful and calm faces presented preattentively (for 17 ms followed by backward masking) in boys with conduct problems and high callous-unemotional traits (N=15), conduct problems and low callous-unemotional traits (N=15), and typically developing comparison boys (N=16). Amygdala response to fearful and calm faces was predicted to differentiate groups, with the greatest response in boys with conduct problems and low callous-unemotional traits and the lowest in boys with conduct problems and high callous-unemotional traits.In the right amygdala, a greater amygdala response was seen in boys with conduct problems and low callous-unemotional traits than in those with high callous-unemotional traits. The findings were not explained by symptom levels of conduct disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, or depression.These data demonstrate differential amygdala activity to preattentively presented fear in children with conduct problems grouped by callous-unemotional traits, with high levels associated with lower amygdala reactivity. The study's findings complement increasing evidence suggesting that callous-unemotional traits are an important specifier in the classification of children with conduct problems.
BETA RAY BURNS OF HUMAN SKIN
Authors: NORMAN P. KNOWLTON
Journal: JAMA (1949)

The development of the atomic energy program has resulted in a large increase in the number of persons exposed to radiologic hazards. With this increase it is essential that physicians and other scientists be acquainted with the dangers accompanying the handling of radioactive materials. Four cases of beta ray burns of the hands are reported here for the purpose of supplementing the present information in the existing literature,<sup>1</sup>and emphasizing the early clinical course, as well as the laboratory observations in such cases. It is hoped that, by calling attention to the early signs and symptoms of injury by beta radiation, overexposure will be recognized and hazardous operations discontinued before more damage is incurred. All 4 men were injured while undertaking procedures of a like nature at the recent atomic tests at Eniwetok Atoll (United States Atomic Energy Commission's proving grounds). This work involved the handling of radioactive materials
The influence of age, gender, and race on the prevalence of depression in heart failure patients
Authors: Stephen S. Gottlieb, Meenakshi Khatta, Erika Friedmann, Lynn Einbinder, Scott Katzen, Brian Baker, Joanne Marshall, Stacey Minshall, Shawn Robinson, Michael L. Fisher, Matthew Potenza, Brianne Sigler, Carissa Baldwin, Sue Ann Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM-Dependent Kinases: From Activation to Function
Authors: Sara S Hook, Anthony R Means
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2001)

Calmodulin (CaM) is an essential protein that serves as a ubiquitous intracellular receptor for Ca 2+ . The Ca 2+ /CaM complex initiates a plethora of signaling cascades that culminate in alteration of cellular functions. Among the many Ca 2+ /CaM-binding proteins to be discovered, the multifunctional protein kinases CaMKI, II, and IV play pivotal roles. Our review focuses on this class of CaM kinases to illustrate the structural and biochemical basis for Ca 2+ /CaM interaction with and regulation of its target enzymes. Gene transcription has been chosen as the functional endpoint to illustrate the recent advances in Ca 2+ /CaM-mediated signal transduction mechanisms.
Reversal of the Estrogen Receptor–Negative Phenotype in Breast Cancer and Restoration of Antiestrogen Response
Authors: Jill Bayliss, Amy Hilger, Prakash Vishnu, Kathleen Diehl, Dorraya El-Ashry
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: In breast cancer, the presence of estrogen receptor α (ER) denotes a better prognosis and response to antiestrogen therapy. Lack of ERα correlates with overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor or c-erbB-2. We have shown that hyperactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) directly represses ERα expression in a reversible manner. In this study, we determine if inhibition of MAPK in established ERα− breast cancer cell lines and tumors results in reexpression of ERα, and further, if reexpression of ERα in these ERα− tumors and cell lines could restore antiestrogen responses. Experimental Design: Established ERα− breast cancer cell lines, ERα− breast tumors, and tumor cell cultures obtained from ERα− tumors were used in this study. Inhibition of hyperactive MAPK was accomplished via the MAPK/ERK kinase 1/2 inhibitor U0126 or via upstream inhibition with Iressa or Herceptin. Western blotting or reverse transcription-PCR for ERα was used to assess the reexpression of ERα in cells treated with U0126. Growth assays with WST-1 were done to assess restoration of antiestrogen sensitivity in these cells. Results: Inhibition of MAPK activity in ERα− breast cancer cell lines results in reexpression of ERα; upstream inhibition via targeting epidermal growth factor receptor or c-erbB-2 is equally effective. Importantly, this reexpressed ERα can now mediate an antiestrogen response in a subset of these ERα− breast cancer cell lines. Treatment of ERα− tumor specimens with MAPK inhibitors results in restoration of ERα mRNA, and similarly in epithelial cultures from ERα− tumors, MAPK inhibition restores both ERα protein and antiestrogen response. Conclusions: These data show both the possibility of restoring ERα expression and antiestrogen responses in ERα− breast cancer and suggest that there exist ERα− breast cancer patients who would benefit from a combined MAPK inhibition/hormonal therapy.
All-Blood (Miniplegia) Versus Dilute Cardioplegia in Experimental Surgical Revascularization of Evolving Infarction
Authors: D A Velez, C D Morris, J M Budde, S Muraki, R N Otto, R A Guyton, J Vinten-Johansen
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The advantages of blood cardioplegia include the oxygen-carrying capacity, superior oncotic and buffering properties, and endogenous antioxidants contained in blood. However, the partial dilution of blood in 4:1 (blood:crystalloid) cardioplegic solutions may nullify these advantages and progressively dilute blood during continuous retrograde delivery. This study tested the hypothesis that all-blood (66:1) cardioplegia provides superior myocardial protection compared with dilute (4:1) cardioplegia delivered in a continuous retrograde modality during surgical reperfusion of evolving myocardial infarction.After 60 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion, anesthetized canines were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and randomized to either all-blood cardioplegia (AB group) or dilute blood cardioplegia (Dil group). After cross clamping, arrest was induced with 5 minutes of tepid (30 degrees C) antegrade potassium all-blood or dilute blood cardioplegia and maintained with tepid retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia for a total of 1 hour. The LAD was released after 30 minutes of arrest, simulating revascularization. The cardioplegia hematocrit for the Dil group was lower than that for the AB group (7+/-1% versus 12+/-2%, P<0.05); at the end of bypass, systemic hematocrit was lower in the Dil group than in the Ab group (15+/-1% versus 20+/-1%, P<0.05). Infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining) was comparable between the AB and Dil groups (29.6+/-2.9% versus 30.3+/-3.9% of area at risk), and there was no difference in area-at-risk myocardium systolic shortening (by sonomicrometry, -0.3+/-1% versus -0.4+/-1%). Tissue edema after bypass tended to be greater in the Dil group compared with the AB group in the heart (82+/-0% versus 81+/-1%), lung (79+/-1% versus 78+/-1%), liver (75+/-1% versus 74+/-0%), and skeletal muscle (76+/-1% versus 73+/-2%) and was significantly greater in the duodenum (80+/-1% versus 79+/-1%, P<0.05) and kidney (82+/-1% versus 79+/-1%, P<0.05). Postexperimental endothelial function (relaxation of acetylcholine) was impaired in LADs of the AB group versus the Dil group (59+/-6% versus 77+/-5%, P<0.05).Both all-blood cardioplegia and dilute cardioplegia have disadvantages, but these do not have an impact on the pathogenesis of infarct size or recovery of regional contractile function.
Toxic metals in aquatic ecosystems: a microbiological perspective.
Authors: T Ford, D Ryan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Microbe-metal interactions in aquatic environments and their exact role in transport and transformations of toxic metals are poorly understood. This paper will briefly review our understanding of these interactions. Ongoing research in Lake Chapala, Mexico, the major water source for the City of Guadalajara, provides an opportunity to study the microbiological aspects of metal-cycling in the water column. Constant resuspension of sediments provides a microbiologically rich aggregate-based system. Data indicate that toxic metals are concentrated on aggregate material and bioaccumulate in the food chain. A provisional model is presented for involvement of microbial aggregates in metal-cycling in Lake Chapala.
Perceived anxiety and plasma cortisol concentrations following rock climbing with differing safety rope protocols
Authors: C I Hodgson, N Draper, T McMorris, G Jones, S Fryer, I Coleman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

To examine how different safety rope protocols impact on subjective anxiety and self-confidence levels and plasma cortisol concentrations and the relationship between subjective states and cortisol during rock climbing.Participants (n = 12) were tested in three climbing conditions that were designed to invoke low, moderate and high physical and mental stress. Plasma cortisol concentrations were collected before and after climbing and participants reported subjective anxiety and self-confidence states for each climb.Repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant differences between conditions for somatic anxiety (F(2, 22) = 7.74, p = 0.009), self-confidence (F(2, 22) = 9.52, p = 0.001) and change in plasma cortisol concentration (F(2, 22) = 3.71, p = 0.041). Preplanned polynomial comparisons showed that these were linear effects; somatic anxiety was higher in the higher stress conditions whilst self-confidence was lower. Plasma cortisol concentration change was also linear. Regression analyses showed cubic relationships between plasma cortisol concentration and cognitive anxiety (R(2) = 0.452), self-confidence (R(2) = 0.281) and somatic anxiety (R(2) = 0.268).There is a relationship between plasma cortisol concentration and subjective anxiety and self-confidence states during rock climbing. Changes in the way the safety rope is organised can impact on anxiety, cortisol concentration and self-confidence during rock climbing.
Construction and psychometric testing of the EMPATHIC questionnaire measuring parent satisfaction in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Jos M. Latour, Johannes B. van Goudoever, Hugo J. Duivenvoorden, Marcel J. I. J. Albers, Nicolette A. M. van Dam, Eugenie Dullaart, Marc van Heerde, Marjorie de Neef, Carin W. M. Verlaat, Elise M. van Vught, Jan A. Hazelzet
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)

To construct and test the reliability and validity of the EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care (EMPATHIC) questionnaire measuring parent satisfaction in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Structured development and psychometric testing of a parent satisfaction-with-care instrument with the results of two cohorts of parents (n = 2,046) from eight PICUs in the Netherlands.In the first cohort, 667/1,055 (63%) parents participated followed by 551/991 (56%) parents in the second cohort. The empirical structure of the instrument was established by confirmatory factor analysis with the first sample of parents confirming 65 statements within five theoretically conceptualized domains: information, care and cure, organization, parental participation, and professional attitude. The standardized factor loadings were greater than 0.40 in 63 statements. Cronbach's α, a measure of reliability, per domain ranged from 0.73 to 0.93 in both cohorts with no significant difference documenting the reliability over time. Beside rigorous content and face validity, the congruent validity of the instrument showed adequate correlation with four gold standard questions measuring overall satisfaction. The non-differential validity was confirmed with no significant differences between the population characteristics and the domains, except that parents with a child for a surgical admission were more satisfied on information issues.The final EMPATHIC questionnaire incorporates 65 statements. The empirical structure of the satisfaction statements and domains was satisfactory. The reliability and validity proved to be adequate. The EMPATHIC questionnaire is a valid quality performance indicator to measure quality of care as perceived by parents.
Serum immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase in inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Authors: E R Kuutti-Savolainen, K I Kivirikko, O Laitinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Serum immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase protein (S-IRPH) was measured in 56 patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, and the values were compared with those in 32 control subjects. S-IRPH was above the 95% confidence limit of the controls in about 70% of the patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Reiter9s syndrome, Sjögren9s syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, or polymyositis. Raised values were observed in about half of the patients with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 21-50 and in about 90% of those with ESR of over 50, whereas only about 10% of the patients with an inactive disease had an S-IRPH concentration exceeding this limit. Only 1 out of 8 patients with active ankylosing spondylitis had a raised S-IRPH value. The results support previous data indicating that significant changes in collagen metabolism occur in active connective tissue diseases. Assays of S-IRPH might be of some value in assessing the activity of these diseases and in monitoring the treatment provided.