tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In Vivo</i>Imaging of the Bronchial Wall Microstructure Using Fibered Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Luc Thiberville, Sophie Moreno-Swirc, Tom Vercauteren, Eric Peltier, Charlotte Cavé, Genevieve Bourg Heckly
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSRESULTSORIGINS OF THE BRONCHIAL ...FCFM ENDOSCOPY OF PATHOLO...DISCUSSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Dietary Therapy in Hypertension
Authors: Frank M. Sacks, Hannia Campos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 57-year-old woman is seen in an outpatient clinic, where her blood pressure reading is 155/95 mm Hg. Dietary therapy is recommended. Dietary changes that have been shown to reduce blood pressure include reduced sodium intake, reduced caloric intake (for weight loss), and diets high in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, whole grains, poultry, fish, nuts, and unsaturated vegetable oils.
Nanoparticles Engineered with Rituximab and Loaded with Nutlin-3 Show Promising Therapeutic Activity in B-Leukemic Xenografts
Authors: Rebecca Voltan, Paola Secchiero, Barbara Ruozi, Flavio Forni, Chiara Agostinis, Lorenzo Caruso, Maria Angela Vandelli, Giorgio Zauli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Because the nongenotoxic inhibitor of the p53/MDM2 interactions Nutlin-3 has shown promising in vitro therapeutic activity against a variety of p53(wild-type) cancer cells, in this study we evaluated an innovative strategy able to specifically target Nutlin-3 toward CD20(+) malignant cells.The cytotoxic effects of Nutlin-3 encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (NP-Nut) and into rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody)-engineered NP (NP-Rt-Nut) as well as of NPs engineered with rituximab alone (NP-Rt) were initially analyzed in vitro in JVM-2 B-leukemic cells, by assessing both the functional activation of the p53 pathway (by Nutlin-3) and/or the activation of the complement cascade (by rituximab). Moreover, the potential therapeutic efficacy of NP-Nut, NP-Rt, and NP-Rt-Nut were comparatively assessed in vivo in CD20(+) JVM-2 leukemic xenograft SCID mice.Functional in vitro assays showed that NP-Nut and NP-Rt-Nut exhibited a comparable ability to activate the p53 pathway in the p53(wild-type) JVM-2 leukemic cells. On the other hand, NP-Rt and NP-Rt-Nut, but not NP nor NP-Nut, were able to promote activation of the complement cascade. Of note, the in vivo intratumoral injection in JVM-2 B-leukemic/xenograft mice showed that NP-Rt-Nut displayed the maximal therapeutic activity promoting a survival rate significantly higher not only with respect to control animals, treated either with vehicle or with empty NP, but also with respect to animals treated with NP-Nut or NP-Rt.Our data show for the first time the potential antileukemic activity of rituximab-engineered Nutlin-3-loaded NPs in xenograft SCID mice.
Further genomic testing and histological examinations confirm the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in an Italian mummy from the 16th century: Figure 1
Authors: Gabriella Fontecchio, Luca Ventura, Anna Maria Poma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

We wish to reconsider the case of a 50–55-year-old female mummy, living in the 16th century, exhumed in San Francesco Church, Arezzo (Northern Italy) and renamed ‘Braids Lady’.1 Her body, after paleopathological examinations, revealed numerous signs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).2 However, some authors propose ankylosing spondylitis (AS), suggesting that RA originated among native Americans and that this disease was absent in Europe before the discovery of America (1492 AD).3 RA and AS are human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-linked autoimmume rheumatic diseases (ARDs) but their manifestations are associated with different susceptibility genes: specific HLA-DRB1alleles for RA and HLA-B27 for AS.4 5 We reinforced these pathological data through genotyping tests, demonstrating that the mummy bore the HLA-DRB1*0101 allele, which, along with DRB1*0401 and DRB1*0404, is one of the main genes …
Analysis of serum protein biomarkers, circulating tumor DNA, and dovitinib activity in patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor-refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: C. Yoo, M.-H. Ryu, Y.S. Na, B.-Y. Ryoo, S.R. Park, Y.-K. Kang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Less-Tight versus Tight Control of Hypertension in Pregnancy
Authors: Laura A. Magee, Peter von Dadelszen, Evelyne Rey, Susan Ross, Elizabeth Asztalos, Kellie E. Murphy, Jennifer Menzies, Johanna Sanchez, Joel Singer, Amiram Gafni, Andrée Gruslin, Michael Helewa, Eileen Hutton, Shoo K. Lee, Terry Lee, Alexander G. Logan, Wessel Ganzevoort, Ross Welch, Jim G. Thornton, Jean-Marie Moutquin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The effects of less-tight versus tight control of hypertension on pregnancy complications are unclear.
A 14-yr-old male with dyspnoea, productive cough and chest pain
Authors: G.A. Rossi, P. Toma, O. Sacco, B. Fregonese, E. Podesta, P. Dodero, G. Silvestri, C. Gambini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

A 14-yr-old White male was referred to the Urology Unit of the G. Gaslini Institute because of a post-traumatic urethral stenosis (arising from a bicycle accident) that, during the previous 18 months, had required repeated endoscopic urethral dilation manoeuvres at the patient's local hospital. Apart from the urethral stenosis, the patient had been in excellent health until 2 months before admission, when slowly progressive exertional dyspnoea, associated with nonproductive cough and right-sided posterior chest pain, developed.

On admission, the patient appeared in good clinical condition. Decreased percussion and auscultatory sounds were noted over the middle and lower portions of the right hemithorax.

A summary of the results of the blood tests performed on admission is shown in table 1⇓.

View this table:

Table 1 
Results of blood tests performed on admission



Chest radiography (fig. 1⇓) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) (fig. 2⇓) were performed.



Fig. 1.— 
Chest radiograph.





Fig. 2.— 
High-resolution computed tomography of the chest at two different window settings: a) “parenchymal”; and b) “soft tissue”.



Thoracocentesis was performed and 500 mL haemorrhagic pleural fluid aspirated.

Pleural fluid analysis did not show any cytological changes suggesting malignancies, amylase levels were within the normal range and microbiological evaluation results were negative for bacteria, fungi, mycoplasmata, mycobacteria and viruses. Plasma d‐dimer levels were slightly elevated but ultrasonography of the deep venous system did not show signs of thrombosis in the legs, penis or pelvis.

Echocardiographic evaluation did not demonstrate any right ventricular dysfunction.

Ultrasonographic examinations showed that there were no abnormalities of the abdominal organs and no peritoneal effusion and ruled out the presence of testicular or thyroid tumours.

Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was then performed and did not reveal any airway abnormalities. Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis was nondiagnostic (no siderocytes suggestive of pulmonary haemorrhage, acid-fast bacilli, bacteria, viruses, fungi or malignant cells were identified in the epithelial lining fluid or lavage fluid …
Response in serum ferritin and haemoglobin to iron therapy in blood donors
Authors: Wayne Mackintosh, Peter Jacobs
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Seven hundred seventeen healthy male blood donors regularly donating four or more units a year were surveyed for haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. One hundred fiftyone (21%) had a haemoglobin less than 13.5 g/dl and were therefore disqualified from further blood donation, having a mean serum ferritin of 28 μg/liter. Of the remaining 566 donors with haemoglobin levels equal to or greater than 13.5 g/dl, the mean serum ferritin was 33 μg/liter, although in 299 (53%) the value was less than 28 μg/liter. To document response to iron therapy 46 donors with haemoglobin levels equal to or greater than 13.5 g/dl were stratified into those with the lowest iron stores (group 1; n = 23), defined as a serum ferritin less than 20 μg/liter, and controls (group 2; n = 23), with serum ferritin between 50 and 150 μg/liter. Within each stratum donors randomly received ferric polymaltose at a dose of 100 mg elemental iron twice daily for 56 days (groups 1a and 2a) or an identical iron‐free placebo tablet administered on the same schedule (groups 1b and 2b). Iron therapy in the iron‐deficient group (group 1a:n = 11) resulted in a significant rise in haemoglobin (p = .03) and iron stores reflected in serum ferritin (p = .002) compared to those receiving placebo (group 1b). In the control group iron therapy or placebo was without significant effect. Thus, ferric polymaltose preparation is bioavailable and is notable for the virtual absence of gastrointestinal tract side effects.
Physical Exercise in Cancer Patients During and After Medical Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Ruud Knols, Neil K. Aaronson, Daniel Uebelhart, Jaap Fransen, Geert Aufdemkampe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose To systematically review the methodologic quality of, and summarize the evidence from trials examining the effectiveness of physical exercise in improving the level of physical functioning and psychological well-being of cancer patients during and after medical treatment. Methods Thirty-four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials were identified, reviewed for substantive results, and assessed for methodologic quality. Results Four of 34 trials met all (seven of seven) methodologic criteria on the Delphi criteria list. Failure to conceal the sequencing of treatment allocation before patient recruitment, failure to blind the outcome assessor, and failure to employ an intention-to-treat analysis strategy were the most prevalent methodologic shortcomings. Various exercise modalities have been applied, differing in content, frequency, intensity, and duration. Positive results have been observed for a diverse set of outcomes, including physiologic measures, objective performance indicators, self-reported functioning and symptoms, psychological well-being, and overall health-related quality of life. Conclusion The trials reviewed were of moderate methodologic quality. Together they suggest that cancer patients may benefit from physical exercise both during and after treatment. However, the specific beneficial effects of physical exercise may vary as a function of the stage of disease, the nature of the medical treatment, and the current lifestyle of the patient. Future RCTs should use larger samples, use appropriate comparison groups to rule out the possibility of an attention-placebo effect, use a comparable set of outcome measures, pay greater attention to issues of motivation and adherence of patients participating in exercise programs, and examine the effect of exercise on cancer survival.
Overexpression of the anaphylatoxin receptors, complement anaphylatoxin 3a receptor and complement anaphylatoxin 5a receptor, in the nasal mucosa of patients with mild and severe persistent allergic rhinitis
Authors: Sung Whan Jun, Tae Hoon Kim, Heung Man Lee, Seung Hoon Lee, Woo Joo Kim, Se Jin Park, Yang Soo Kim, Sang Hag Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Association of Salmonella-Caused Osteomyelitis and Sickle-Cell Disease
Authors: Mercedes Vda. de Torregrosa
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The combination of osteomyelitis, Salmonella infection, and sickle-cell anemia was found in three patients aged 33, 8, and 19 years. The infecting organism was identified as Sal. typhi, Sal. st. paul, and Sal. typhimurium, respectively, in the three cases. One patient had been treated with penicillin for two years without success. It is important both to identify the organism and to recognize the nature of the anemia in cases of this sort, for open suppurating lesions that discharge Salmonella are dangerous to attendants and antibiotics are of no avail unless they are adapted to the causative organism.
Primary Results of ROSE/TRIO-12, a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase III Trial Evaluating the Addition of Ramucirumab to First-Line Docetaxel Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: John R. Mackey, Manuel Ramos-Vazquez, Oleg Lipatov, Nicole McCarthy, Dmitriy Krasnozhon, Vladimir Semiglazov, Alexey Manikhas, Karen A. Gelmon, Gottfried E. Konecny, Marc Webster, Roberto Hegg, Sunil Verma, Vera Gorbunova, Dany Abi Gerges, Francois Thireau, Helena Fung, Lorinda Simms, Marc Buyse, Ayman Ibrahim, Miguel Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose Currently, antiangiogenic strategies in metastatic breast cancer have demonstrated modest improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) but not improved quality or duration of survival, warranting evaluation of new agents in a placebo-controlled setting. Ramucirumab is a human immunoglobulin G1 antibody that binds vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and blocks ligand-stimulated activation. The ROSE/TRIO-012 trial evaluated ramucirumab with docetaxel in unresectable, locally recurrent, or metastatic breast cancer. Patients and Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multinational phase III trial, 1,144 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –negative breast cancer who had not received cytotoxic chemotherapy in the advanced setting were randomly assigned at a two-to-one ratio to receive docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 plus ramucirumab 10 mg/kg or docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 plus placebo once every 3 weeks. Treatment continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or other withdrawal criteria. Patients were stratified by previous taxane therapy, visceral metastasis, hormone receptor status, and geographic region. An independent data monitoring committee oversaw the trial. The primary end point was investigator-assessed PFS. Results Median PFS in patients treated with ramucirumab plus docetaxel was 9.5 months, compared with 8.2 months in patients who received placebo plus docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; P = .077). Median overall survival was 27.3 months in patients who received ramucirumab plus docetaxel, compared with 27.2 months in patients who received placebo plus docetaxel (HR, 1.01; P = .915). Toxicities seen at significantly higher rates in patients receiving ramucirumab included fatigue, hypertension, febrile neutropenia, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, and stomatitis. Conclusion Addition of ramucirumab to docetaxel in HER2-negative advanced breast cancer did not meaningfully improve important clinical outcomes.
Innate Immune Recognition of Cancer
Authors: Seng-Ryong Woo, Leticia Corrales, Thomas F. Gajewski
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2015)

The observation that a subset of cancer patients show evidence for spontaneous CD8+ T cell priming against tumor-associated antigens has generated renewed interest in the innate immune pathways that might serve as a bridge to an adaptive immune response to tumors. Manipulation of this endogenous T cell response with therapeutic intent-for example, using blocking antibodies inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1) interactions-is showing impressive clinical results. As such, understanding the innate immune mechanisms that enable this T cell response has important clinical relevance. Defined innate immune interactions in the cancer context include recognition by innate cell populations (NK cells, NKT cells, and γδ T cells) and also by dendritic cells and macrophages in response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recent evidence has indicated that the major DAMP driving host antitumor immune responses is tumor-derived DNA, sensed by the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway and driving type I IFN production. A deeper knowledge of the clinically relevant innate immune pathways involved in the recognition of tumors is leading toward new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Identification of prognostic biomarkers in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma and stratification by integrative multi-omics analysis
Authors: Ruoyu Miao, Haitao Luo, Huandi Zhou, Guangbing Li, Dechao Bu, Xiaobo Yang, Xue Zhao, Haohai Zhang, Song Liu, Ying Zhong, Zhen Zou, Yan Zhao, Kuntao Yu, Lian He, Xinting Sang, Shouxian Zhong, Jiefu Huang, Yan Wu, Rebecca A. Miksad, Simon C. Robson, Chengyu Jiang, Yi Zhao, Haitao Zhao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Genetic control of T cell responsiveness to the Friend murine leukemia virus envelope antigen. Identification of class II loci of the H-2 as immune response genes.
Authors: M Miyazawa, J Nishio, B Chesebro
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

T cells primed specifically for the envelope glycoprotein of Friend murine leukemia helper virus (F-MuLV) were prepared by immunizing mice with a recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed the entire env gene of F-MuLV. Significant proliferative responses of F-MuLV envelope-specific, H-2a/b T cells were observed when the T cells were stimulated with antigen-pulsed peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) having the b allele at the K, A beta, A alpha, and E beta loci of the H-2. On the other hand, PEC having only the kappa allele at these loci did not induce the envelope-specific T cell proliferation, even when the PEC had the b allele at the E alpha, S, or D loci. F-MuLV envelope-specific proliferation of H-2a/b T cells under the stimulation of antigen-pulsed, H-2a/b PEC was specifically blocked with anti-I-Ab and anti-I-Ek mAbs but not with anti-Kb, anti-Kk, or anti-I-Ak mAbs. Moreover, (B10.MBR x A/WySn)F1 mice that have the b allele only at the K locus but not in I-A subregion were nonresponders to the envelope glycoprotein, and the bm12 mutation at the A beta locus completely abolished the T cell responsiveness to this antigen. These results indicate that proliferative T cells recognize a limited number of epitopes on F-MuLV envelope protein in the context of I-Ab, hybrid I-Ak/b, and/or hybrid I-Ek/b class II MHC molecules but fail to recognize the same envelope protein in the context of I-Ak or I-Ek molecules. This influence of the H-2I region on T cell recognition of the envelope glycoprotein appeared to control in vivo induction of protective immunity against Friend virus complex after immunization with the vaccinia-F-MuLV env vaccine. Thus, these results provide, for the first time, direct evidence for Ir gene-controlled responder/nonresponder phenotypes influencing the immune response to a pathogenic virus of mice.
Infliximab improves health related quality of life and physical function in patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: A Kavanaugh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the effect of infliximab on health related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical function in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the IMPACT 2 trial. <b>Methods:</b> 200 patients with PsA unresponsive to conventional treatment were randomised to intravenous infusions of infliximab 5 mg/kg or placebo at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14, and 22; patients with inadequate response entered early escape at week 16. HRQoL was assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) at weeks 0, 14, and 24. Functional disability was assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at every visit through week 24. Associations between changes in quality of life (SF-36) and articular (American College of Rheumatology (ACR)) and dermatological (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)) responses were examined. <b>Results:</b> Mean percentage improvement from baseline in HAQ was 48.6% in the infliximab group compared with worsening of 18.4% in the placebo group at week 14 (p&lt;0.001). Furthermore, 58.6% and 19.4% of infliximab and placebo treated patients, respectively, achieved a clinically meaningful improvement in HAQ (that is, ⩾0.3 unit decrease) at week 14 (p&lt;0.001). Increases in physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS) scores and all eight scales of the SF-36 in the infliximab group were greater than those in the placebo group at week 14 (p⩽0.001). These benefits were sustained through week 24. Patients achieving ACR20 and PASI75 responses had the greatest improvements in PCS and MCS scores. <b>Conclusions:</b> In patients with PsA, infliximab 5 mg/kg significantly improved HRQoL and physical function compared with placebo through 24 weeks.
Cannabinoid CB2 receptors protect against alcoholic liver disease by regulating Kupffer cell polarization in mice
Authors: Alexandre Louvet, Fatima Teixeira-Clerc, Marie-Noële Chobert, Vanessa Deveaux, Catherine Pavoine, Andreas Zimmer, Françoise Pecker, Ariane Mallat, Sophie Lotersztajn
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Activation of Kupffer cells plays a central role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Because cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2) display potent anti-inflammatory properties, we investigated their role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, focusing on the impact of CB2 on Kupffer cell polarization and the consequences on liver steatosis. Wild-type (WT) mice fed an alcohol diet showed an induction of hepatic classical (M1) and alternative (M2) markers. Cotreatment of alcohol-fed mice with the CB2 agonist, JWH-133, decreased hepatic M1 gene expression without affecting the M2 profile. In keeping with this, genetic ablation of CB2 enhanced hepatic induction of M1 gene signature and blunted the induction of M2 markers. CB2 also modulated alcohol-induced fatty liver, as shown by the reduction of hepatocyte steatosis in JWH-133-treated mice and its enhancement in CB2−/− animals. Studies in isolated Kupffer cells and cultured macrophages further demonstrated that CB2 inhibits M1 polarization and favors the transition to an M2 phenotype. In addition, conditioned-medium experiments showed that preventing M1 polarization in CB2-activated macrophages protects from lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of CB2 receptors. Indeed, alcohol-fed mice treated with JWH-133 showed increased hepatic expression of macrophage HO-1, as compared to vehicle-treated counterparts. In keeping with this, JWH-133 induced HO-1 expression in cultured macrophages, and the HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin, blunted the inhibitory effect of JWH-133 on lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation and M1 polarization. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that CB2 receptors display beneficial effects on alcohol-induced inflammation by regulating M1/M2 balance in Kupffer cells, thereby reducing hepatocyte steatosis via paracrine interactions between Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. These data identify CB2 agonists as potential therapeutic agents for the management of alcoholic liver disease. (Hepatology 2011;)