tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is physician‐diagnosed allergic rhinitis a risk factor for the development of asthma?
Authors: L. Van Den Nieuwenhof, T. Schermer, Y. Bosch, J. Bousquet, Y. Heijdra, H. Bor, W. Van Den Bosch, C. Van Weel
Journal: Allergy (2010)

There is strong evidence that there is a relationship between allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma, but it is unclear whether there is a causal relation between AR and asthma. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively whether AR is a risk factor for the diagnosis of asthma in a large primary care population.We performed a historic cohort study of life-time morbidity that had been recorded prospectively since 1967 in four general practices. Two groups of subjects were selected: (i) patients with diagnosis of AR, (ii) a control group matched using propensity scores. We assessed the risk of physician-diagnosed asthma in patients with physician-diagnosed AR compared to subjects without a diagnosis of AR (controls).The study population consisted of 6491 subjects (n = 2081 patients with AR). Average study follow-up was 8.4 years. In patients with AR, the frequency of newly diagnosed asthma was 7.6% (n = 158) compared to 1.6% (n = 70) in controls (P < 0.001). After adjusting the effect of AR on asthma diagnosis for registration time, age, gender, eczema and socioeconomic status, having AR was a statistically significant risk factor for asthma (hazard ratio: 4.86, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 3.50-6.73, controls as reference).A diagnosis of AR was an independent risk factor for asthma in our primary care study population. Having physician-diagnosed AR increased the risk almost fivefold for a future asthma diagnosis.
Targeting Akt3 Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Y. Rebecca Chin, Taku Yoshida, Andriy Marusyk, Andrew H. Beck, Kornelia Polyak, Alex Toker
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is currently the only major breast tumor subtype without effective targeted therapy and, as a consequence, in general has a poor outcome. To identify new therapeutic targets in TNBC, we performed a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen for protein kinases commonly amplified and overexpressed in breast cancer. Using this approach, we identified AKT3 as a gene preferentially required for the growth of TNBCs. Downregulation of Akt3 significantly inhibits the growth of TNBC lines in three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures and in mouse xenograft models, whereas loss of Akt1 or Akt2 have more modest effects. Akt3 silencing markedly upregulates the p27 cell-cycle inhibitor and this is critical for the ability of Akt3 to inhibit spheroid growth. In contrast with Akt1, Akt3 silencing results in only a minor enhancement of migration and does not promote invasion. Depletion of Akt3 in TNBC sensitizes cells to the pan-Akt inhibitor GSK690693. These results imply that Akt3 has a specific function in TNBCs; thus, its therapeutic targeting may provide a new treatment option for this tumor subtype.
Functional Nanoscale Organization of Signaling Molecules Downstream of the T Cell Antigen Receptor
Authors: Eilon Sherman, Valarie Barr, Suliana Manley, George Patterson, Lakshmi Balagopalan, Itoro Akpan, Carole K. Regan, Robert K. Merrill, Connie L. Sommers, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Lawrence E. Samelson
Journal: Immunity (2011)
How Much Is Life Worth: Cetuximab, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, and the $440 Billion Question
Authors: T. Fojo, C. Grady
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

The spiraling cost of cancer care, in particular the cost of cancer therapeutics that achieve only marginal benefits, is under increasing scrutiny. Although health-care professionals avoid putting a value on a life, our limited resources require that society address what counts as a benefit, the extent to which cost should factor in deliberations, and who should be involved in these decisions. Professional societies, such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology, government agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration, and insurance companies should be involved. However, no segment of society is better qualified to address these issues than the oncology community. Oncologists must offer clear guidance for the conduct of research, interpretation of results, and prescription of chemotherapies. We review recent drug approvals and clinical trials and comment on their relevance to the issue of the spiraling cost of oncology therapeutics. We suggest some standards that would serve as a starting point for addressing these issues.
Seasonal variations in hospital treatment periods and deaths among adult asthmatics
Authors: T Harju, T Tuuponen, T Keistinen, SL Kivela
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The purpose of this study was to examine possible seasonal variations in relations between hospital treatment periods and in deaths (asthma-related and other) among adult asthmatics. Out of a total of 364,871 asthma-induced hospitalization periods (diagnosis No. 493, International Classification of Diseases) recorded in the hospital discharge register maintained by the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health during 1972-1992, all of those applying to persons aged &gt;24 yrs during 1987-1992 were analysed here. The discharge file was linked to the register of deaths on the basis of the patients' social security numbers in order to analyse all deaths among the same patients during 1987-1993. A total of 81,243 asthma-related treatment periods were analysed. The monthly variation in the number of such periods showed a peak in January (18.2% above the mean number of monthly deaths in the study period) and a trough in July (26.1% below the mean). Of the 7,622 hospitalized asthmatics who died during the period examined here, 1,274 died of obstructive pulmonary diseases, with asthma as the primary cause in 489 cases. The majority of the deaths were caused by cardiovascular diseases. Mortality was highest in January (+14.7%) and lowest in August (-12.3%). The similarity in the seasonal variation observed between the treatment periods and deaths recorded for adult asthmatics may be taken to indicate a genuine need for treatment.
Clinical expression of neurotoxic injury and diagnostic use of electromyography.
Authors: P M Le Quesne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The clinical features of neurological damage produced by acrylamide, lead, organophosphates, hexacarbon solvents, and methylmercury are described, and the differences in effects of these compounds are stressed. The characteristic pattern of electrophysiological changes for each group of substances are described and correlated with pathological findings.
Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: James Shepherd, Gerard J Blauw, Michael B Murphy, Edward LEM Bollen, Brendan M Buckley, Stuart M Cobbe, Ian Ford, Allan Gaw, Michael Hyland, J Wouter Jukema, Adriaan M Kamper, Peter W Macfarlane, A Edo Meinders, John Norrie, Chris J Packard, Ivan J Perry, David J Stott, Brian J Sweeney, Gillian Twomey, Rudi GJ Westendorp
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
MPs recommend tightening the law on female circumcision
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Doctors may soon be required by law to report any cases of female genital mutilation that they encounter if MPs succeed in toughening measures to ban the practice.

Although female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision, has been illegal in the United Kingdom since 1985, no one has ever been prosecuted under the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act. According to the All Party Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health, increasing numbers …
Randomised controlled study of postinjection immobilisation after intra-articular glucocorticoid treatment for wrist synovitis
Authors: T Weitoft
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Intra-articular glucocorticoid treatment is frequently used in arthritic disorders. Postinjection rest has been shown to improve the outcome of knee injections. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate whether better treatment results might also be achieved by a similar postinjection regimen for the wrist, which is non-weightbearing. <b>Methods:</b> 117 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and wrist synovitis were treated with intra-articular glucocorticoid injections. The patients were randomly allocated to 48 hour postinjection immobilisation in elastic wrist orthoses (n=58) or to normal postinjection activity (n=59). The primary end point was relapse of synovitis. In addition, joint circumference, pain, function, range of movement, and grip strength were followed up during six months. <b>Results:</b> 24 relapses occurred in the orthoses group and 14 in the active group (p=0.056). The secondary measure showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> The use of elastic wrist orthoses as a postinjection regimen does not improve the outcome of intra-articular glucocorticoid treatment for wrist synovitis. Results achieved in studies on knees should not be generalised to other joints, and postinjection recommendations should differ depending on the joint treated.
Removal of Phenytoin by Hemodialysis in Uremic Patients
Authors: Ernst Martin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The removal of phenytoin by hemodialysis was determined in seven uremic patients. Four patients were receiving phenytoin sodium for therapeutic purposes; three received one dose each intravenously to quantitate its disposition in uremia. The drug was measured in whole blood, plasma, saliva, and dialysate. Only 2% to 4% of the intravenous dose was recovered in the dialysate. Phenytoin clearance by dialysis was 7 to 14 ml/min; plasma clearance was 53 to 133 ml/min. Since hemodialysis contributes little toward shortening the 11-to-18-hour half-life of phenytoin in the uremic patient, no supplemental dose is necessary for uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1750-1753, 1977)
Incidence and characteristics of ankle injuries in professional female futsal, basketball, volleyball and handball players
Authors: Aazam Barani, Nader Rahnama, Effat Bambaeichi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Ankle injury is one of the most common sports injuries in contact sports. The purpose of this study was to investigate incidence and characteristics of ankle injuries among female futsal, basketball, volleyball and handball players (2006–2007). The information related to injury were collected using injury report forms that completed by team physicians. χ 2 Test was used for analyses. Out of 287 players who participated in this study 40 ankle injuries were reported from that 67.5% were ankle sprain. Most of ankle injuries occurred in volleyball (35%) and basketball (32%), futsal (22.5%) and lowest in handball (10%) (χ 2 = 6.2, p&gt;0.05). The majority of ankle injuries occurred via landing (60%) and cutting and changing direction (27.5%) (χ 2 = 14.1, p&lt;0.05). The most of injuries occurred by contact (57.5%), special contact to other player (78.3%) (χ 2 = 0.9, p&gt;0.05). About 50% of ankle injuries were not associated with previous injury, but were recurrent injury in this season (57.5%). Players who played more than 4 years as a professional athlete sustained more injuries, and they also have more previous injuries (χ 2 = 0.5, p&gt;0.05). Centres in basketball, spikers in volleyball and line players in handball sustained more ankle injuries. It can be concluded that the rate of ankle injuries in sports with landing and cutting manoeuvre is high, in special in professional players whom perform these manoeuvres more than others. These data are useful for preventive programmes and to reduce rate of ankle injuries in sports.
Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production.
Authors: Y Ohara, T E Peterson, D G Harrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Indirect evidence suggests accelerated degradation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (ENDO) by superoxide anion (O2-) in hypercholesterolemic vessels (HV). To directly measure O2- production by normal vessels (NV) and HV, we used an assay for O2- based on the chemiluminescence (CL) of lucigenin (L). HV (1 mo cholesterol-fed rabbits) produced threefold more O2- than NV (1.47 +/- 0.20 nM/mg tissue/min, n = 7 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.05 nmol/mg tissue/min, n = 8, P < 0.001). Endothelial removal increased O2- production in NV (0.73 +/- 0.08, n = 6, P < 0.05), while decreasing it in HV (0.76 +/- 0.15, n = 5, P < 0.05). There was no difference between denuded HV and denuded NV. Oxypurinol, a noncompetitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, normalized O2- production in HV, but had no effect in NV. In separate isometric tension studies treatment with oxypurinol improved acetylcholine induced relaxations in HV, while having no effect on responses in normal vessels. Oxypurinol did not alter relaxations to nitroprusside. Thus, the endothelium is a source of O2- in hypercholesterolemia probably via xanthine oxidase activation. Increased endothelial O2- production in HV may inactivate endothelium-derived nitric oxide and provide a source for other oxygen radicals, contributing to the early atherosclerotic process.
Impact of Prehospital Thrombolysis for Acute Myocardial Infarction on 1-Year Outcome
Authors: Nicolas Danchin, Didier Blanchard, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Patrick Sauval, Guy Hanania, Patrick Goldstein, Jean-Pierre Cambou, Pascal Guéret, Laurent Vaur, Youcef Boutalbi, Nathalie Genès, Jean-Marc Lablanche
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Limited data are available on the impact of prehospital thrombolysis (PHT) in the "real-world" setting.Of 443 intensive care units in France, 369 (83%) prospectively collected all cases of infarction (< or =48 hours of symptom onset) in November 2000; 1922 patients (median age, 67 years; 73% men) with ST-segment-elevation infarction were included, of whom 180 (9%) received intravenous thrombolysis before hospital admission (PHT). Patients with PHT were younger than those with in-hospital thrombolysis, primary percutaneous interventions, or no reperfusion therapy. Median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 3.6 hours for PHT, 3.5 hours for in-hospital lysis, 3.2 hours for primary percutaneous interventions, and 12 hours for no reperfusion therapy. In-hospital death was 3.3% for PHT, 8.0% for in-hospital lysis, 6.7% for primary percutaneous interventions, and 12.2% for no reperfusion therapy. One-year survival was 94%, 89%, 89%, and 79%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis of predictors of 1-year survival, PHT was associated with a 0.49 relative risk of death (95% CI, 0.24 to 1.00; P=0.05). When the analysis was limited to patients receiving reperfusion therapy, the relative risk of death for PHT was 0.52 (95% CI, 0.25 to 1.08; P=0.08). In patients with PHT admitted in < or =3.5 hours, in-hospital mortality was 0% and 1-year survival was 99%.The 1-year outcome of patients treated with PHT compares favorably with that of patients treated with other modes of reperfusion therapy; this favorable trend persists after multivariate adjustment. Patients with PHT admitted very early have a very high 1-year survival rate.
PRR STUDY #2: VERIFICATION OF HYPERATTENTIONISM IN PHOBIC REACTION
Authors: M. J. MELDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

The elevated pattern reversal rate demonstrated in phobic patients is consistent with the hypothesis that the phobic reaction is symptomatic of the disease general hyperattentionism. Phobic patients report more pattern reversals in 2 minutes (average 53.3) than any other subjects.
Synergy of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitor AG1478 and ErbB2 Kinase Inhibitor AG879 in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells Is Associated with Induction of Apoptosis
Authors: Yunfei Zhou, Michael G. Brattain
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Previous studies have shown that constitutive activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2 by elevated autocrine transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) expression plays an important role in colon cancer progression. Coexpression of EGFR and ErbB2 is found in a subset of colon cancers and may cooperatively promote cancer cell growth and survival, as heterodimerization is known to provide for diversification of signal transduction. In this study, the EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) AG1478 inhibited cell growth of an aggressive human colon carcinoma cell line, FET6αS26X, which harbors constitutively activated EGFR after stable transfection with TGF-α cDNA. However, AG1478 failed to induce apoptosis in FET6αS26X cells at concentrations sufficient for cell growth inhibition and complete suppression of EGFR phosphorylation. Similarly, AG879, a selective ErbB2 TKI, was incapable of inducing apoptosis in FET6αS26X cells at concentrations sufficient to inhibit cell growth and ErbB2 phosphorylation. To test the hypothesis that targeting both ErbB family members would show better efficacy than targeting the single receptors, combinations of inhibitors at fixed ratios of 1:1, 5:1, and 10:1 of AG1478 and AG879, respectively, were compared with single drugs for inhibition of cell growth. All combinations resulted in synergistic effects as indicated by combination index analysis. Synergistic inhibition was associated with induction of apoptosis as reflected by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, caspase-3 activation, and Annexin V staining. Finally, Western blot analysis showed significant inhibition of phosphorylation of both EGFR and ErbB2 by the combination treatment. These data suggest that the strategy to target both EGFR and ErbB2 simultaneously might result in more efficient inhibition of tumor growth than to target single receptor alone.
LIPOLYSIS:Contribution from Regional Fat
Authors: Michael D. Jensen
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1997)

▪ Abstract In vitro studies of adipocytes taken from different body fat regions suggest substantial differences in lipolysis between intra-abdominal, lower-body subcutaneous, and abdominal subcutaneous regions. Gender and obesity appear to influence these regional differences. In situ measurements of glycerol release from adipose tissue provided further evidence that regional heterogeneity of lipolysis occurs in humans. In vivo studies of regional free fatty acid (FFA) release have confirmed that adipose tissue lipolysis varies between upper- and lower-body fat. Release of FFA from lower-body adipose tissue is less than that from upper-body adipose tissue in both obese and non-obese men and women. In non-obese men and women, meal ingestion suppresses FFA release from all adipose tissue regions, and adrenergic stimulation activated FFA release from different sites in a gender-specific fashion. Significant regional and gender differences in adipose tissue lipolysis occur in humans, and this could contribute to differences in the health effects of adipose tissue and could theoretically influence body fat distribution.
Treatment results of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer in Oman
Authors: A. Khalifa, M. Al-Khabouri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5591 Background: A prospective, single arm study was carried out to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced Head and neck cancer in Oman. Methods: The study was carried out in the Oncology and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) departments, Muscat, Oman. Between October 1998 and December 2001 eligible, previously untreated patients with confirmed diagnosis of locally advanced non metastatic carcinoma of head and neck were included. A maximum of 3 cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (Cisplatin 100mg/m2 Day 1 plus 5-Fluorouracil 1gm/m2 continuous infusion for 4 days) were given followed by radical radiotherapy according to primary site. The main end points were toxicity, response rate, disease free period and overall survival. Results: Head and neck cancer constituted 4% of all new cancer cases during the study period. It is not among the 10 most common malignacies in the country. Seventy three patients (45 males and 28 females) were eligible; all were evaluable for response and toxicity. Median age of studied patients was 52 years (range 17–72 years). Forty four patients (60%) had stage III disease and 29 (40%) had stage IV disease. After neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, Overall response (OR) [Complete Response (CR) + Partial Response (PR)] was observed in 50 patients (68%), 33 patients (45%) had clinical CR and 17 patients (23%) had PR. Sixteen patients (22%) showed Stable Disease (SD) and 7 patients (10%) progressed while on chemotherapy. After completion of radiotherapy, the OR rate was 80%, 40 patients (55%) had clinically confirmed CR, 18 (25%) had PR, 9 patients (12%) had SD and 6 patients (8%) had progressive disease (PD). The mean period of follow-up was 19 months (range 3–48 months). The initial response to chemotherapy had a significant effect on survival (p= 0.011). Nasopharyngeal primary was significantly associated with high CR and longer survival (p= 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). Conclusions: head and neck carcinoma is not among the common malignancies in Oman, our Treatment results with cisplatin and 5-FU are encouraging and treatment related toxicities are tolerable. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
<i>ZNF668</i> Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Regulating p53 Stability and Function in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ruozhen Hu, Guang Peng, Hui Dai, Eun-Kyoung Breuer, Katherine Stemke-Hale, Kaiyi Li, Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo, Gordon B. Mills, Shiaw-Yih Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Genome-wide sequencing studies in breast cancer have recently identified frequent mutations in the zinc finger protein 668 (ZNF668), the function of which is undefined. Here, we report that ZNF668 is a nucleolar protein that physically interacts with and regulates p53 and its negative regulator MDM2. Through MDM2 binding, ZNF668 regulated autoubiquitination of MDM2 and its ability to mediate p53 ubiquitination and degradation. ZNF668 deficiency also impaired DNA damage-induced stabilization of p53. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of ZNF668 was sufficient to transform normal mammary epithelial cells. ZNF668 effectively suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Taken together, our studies identify ZNF668 as a novel breast tumor suppressor gene that functions in regulating p53 stability.
Oral Ondansetron for Gastroenteritis in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Stephen B. Freedman, Mark Adler, Roopa Seshadri, Elizabeth C. Powell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Vomiting limits the success of oral rehydration in children with gastroenteritis. We conducted a double-blind trial to determine whether a single oral dose of ondansetron, an antiemetic, would improve outcomes in children with gastroenteritis.