tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obstructive sleep apnoea and diabetes mellitus: the role of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy
Authors: J.H. Ficker, S.H. Dertinger, W. Siegfried, H.J. König, M. Pentz, D. Sailer, A. Katalinic, E.G. Hahn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Knowledge of conditions associated with an increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may help to identify patients with OSA and might give some insight into the pathogenesis of OSA and its sequelae. A number of earlier, smaller studies hinted at an association between diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (AN) and OSA. The present study was, therefore, conducted with the aim of establishing the prevalence of OSA in diabetics with AN and of determining whether OSA is more prevalent in diabetics with AN, than in those without. We studied two groups of diabetic patients: 23 with and 25 without AN. All patients were evaluated for possible OSA (apnoea/hypopnoea index Š10) using initial ambulatory screening followed by polysomnography. Six patients with AN (26%) were found to have OSA, but none of the patients without AN met the diagnostic criteria (p&lt;0.01). When the patients with OSA were compared to those without, no differences were found in terms of age, sex, body mass index or diabetes type or duration. In conclusion, about one in four diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy suffers from OSA. Thus, obstructive sleep apnoea is more prevalent in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy, than in those without.
Human natural killer cells isolated from peripheral blood do not rearrange T cell antigen receptor beta chain genes.
Authors: L L Lanier, S Cwirla, N Federspiel, J H Phillips
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

The lineage of NK cells and their relationship to T lymphocytes have been controversial issues. Since rearrangement of the T cell antigen receptor beta chain genes occurs early in the ontogeny and differentiation of all T cells, this can be used as an unequivocal marker to discriminate T from non-T lymphocytes. Recent studies (16-18) examining T cell antigen receptor gene rearrangement and expression in certain IL-2-dependent NK cell lines and leukemias have revealed that some lines rearrange C beta genes, whereas others do not. However, it is important to establish whether these cell lines are representative of the major population of NK cells freshly derived from the host. Herein, we have purified granulocytes, CD16+ NK cells and T lymphocytes from human peripheral blood, prepared genomic DNA from each cell type, and then examined the organization of their T cell antigen receptor genes by restriction enzyme analysis using a C beta cDNA as probe. The C beta genes were in germline configuration in NK cells and granulocytes. In contrast, peripheral blood T lymphocytes showed rearrangement of the C beta gene. These data support the hypothesis that the majority of human peripheral blood NK cells are fundamentally distinct from T lymphocytes in lineage and nonself recognition.
Which spirometric indices best predict subsequent death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Authors: M. J Thomason
Journal: Thorax (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Previous epidemiological studies have related mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to forced expiratory volumes (FEV<sub>1</sub>or FEV<sub>0.75</sub>) and it is unknown whether other spirometric indices might have greater predictive power. <h3>METHODS</h3> A case-control study of fatal COPD was conducted within a cohort of London civil servants who performed forced expiratory spirograms in 1967–9 and were followed up for mortality over 20 years. The spirograms of 143 men who died of COPD (ICD8 491, 492 or 519.8) were compared with those of 143 controls individually matched for age, height, and smoking habit who survived longer than their matched case. Flow rates in different parts of the spirogram were compared within case-control pairs and analysed as predictors of fatal COPD by conditional logistic regression. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Within pair case:control ratios of FEV<sub>1</sub>, mid expiratory flow rates (e.g. FEF<sub>50–75</sub>) and FEF<sub>75–85</sub> were highly intercorrelated (<i>r</i>&gt;0.7) but correlations with FEF<sub>85–95</sub> were weaker (<i>r</i>&lt;0.5). All indices except the FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio were stronger predictors of death from COPD within the first 10 years than of later deaths (15–19 years). After adjustment for FEV<sub>1</sub>, mid expiratory flow rates independently predicted fatal COPD but end expiratory flow rates did not. The FEV<sub>1</sub> adjusted mortality ratios associated with a 10% decrement in each index were 2.24 (95% CI 1.54 to 3.76) for FEF<sub>50–75</sub>, 1.20 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.42) for FEF<sub>75–85</sub>, and 1.10 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.26) for FEF<sub>85–95</sub>. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> This study confirms FEV<sub>1</sub> and mid expiratory flow rates as powerful predictors of mortality from COPD, and suggests that measurement of end expiratory flow rates would add little extra predictive information.
Lactate activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
Authors: E C Keung, Q Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The functional significance of cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channels remains controversial because of the discrepancy between the low levels of ATP at which activation of the channels occurs and the much higher levels of ATP maintained during myocardial ischemia. We studied the effects of (+)-lactate, which accumulates in large quantity as a result of increased glycolysis during ischemia, on ATP-sensitive potassium channels in adult guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Lactate at 20-40 mM in the internal solution activated ATP-sensitive potassium channels and shortened action potential duration. Activation of the channels occurred even in the presence of 2-5 mM ATP in the internal solution and was dependent on intracellular free magnesium levels. Our results suggest that intracellular lactate may play a significant role in activating cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channels and shortening action potential duration even at ATP levels similar to those resulting from moderate to severe myocardial ischemia.
The Multifaceted Role of the Microenvironment in Liver Metastasis: Biology and Clinical Implications
Authors: Gert G. Van den Eynden, Ali W. Majeed, Martin Illemann, Peter B. Vermeulen, Nigel C. Bird, Gunilla Høyer-Hansen, Rikke Løvendahl Eefsen, Andrew R. Reynolds, Pnina Brodt
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The liver is host to many metastatic cancers, particularly colorectal cancer, for which the last 2 decades have seen major advances in diagnosis and treatment. The liver is a vital organ, and the extent of its involvement with metastatic disease is a major determinant of survival. Metastatic cells arriving in the liver via the bloodstream encounter the microenvironment of the hepatic sinusoid. The interactions of the tumor cells with hepatic sinusoidal and extrasinusoidal cells (endothelial, Kupffer, stellate, and inflammatory cells) determine their fate. The sinusoidal cells can have a dual role, sometimes fatal to the tumor cells but also facilitatory to their survival and growth. Adhesion molecules participate in these interactions and may affect their outcome. Bone marrow–derived cells and chemokines also play a part in the early battle for survival of the metastases. Once the tumor cells have arrested and survived the initial onslaught, tumors can grow within the liver in 3 distinct patterns, reflecting differing host responses, mechanisms of vascularization, and proteolytic activity. This review aims to present current knowledge of the interactions between the host liver cells and the invading metastases that has implications for the clinical course of the disease and the response to treatment. Cancer Res; 73(7); 2031–43. ©2013 AACR.
Standard steroid treatment for autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: T Kamisawa, T Shimosegawa, K Okazaki, T Nishino, H Watanabe, A Kanno, F Okumura, T Nishikawa, K Kobayashi, T Ichiya, H Takatori, K Yamakita, K Kubota, H Hamano, K Okamura, K Hirano, T Ito, S B H Ko, M Omata
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To establish an appropriate steroid treatment regimen for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). <h3>Methods:</h3> A retrospective survey of AIP treatment was conducted in 17 centres in Japan. The main outcome measures were rate of remission and relapse. <h3>Results:</h3> Of 563 patients with AIP, 459 (82%) received steroid treatment. The remission rate of steroid-treated AIP was 98%, which was significantly higher than that of patients without steroid treatment (74%, 77/104; p&lt;0.001). Steroid treatment was given for obstructive jaundice (60%), abdominal pain (11%), associated extrapancreatic lesions except the biliary duct (11%), and diffuse enlargement of the pancreas (10%). There was no relationship between the period necessary to achieve remission and the initial dose (30 mg/day vs 40 mg/day) of prednisolone. Maintenance steroid treatment was given in 377 (82%) of 459 steroid-treated patients, and steroid treatment was stopped in 104 patients. The relapse rate of patients with AIP on maintenance treatment was 23% (63/273), which was significantly lower than that of patients who stopped maintenance treatment (34%, 35/104; p = 0.048). From the start of steroid treatment, 56% (55/99) relapsed within 1 year and 92% (91/99) relapsed within 3 years. Of the 89 relapsed patients, 83 (93%) received steroid re-treatment, and steroid re-treatment was effective in 97% of them. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The major indication for steroid treatment in AIP is the presence of symptoms. An initial prednisolone dose of 0.6 mg/kg/day, is recommend, which is then reduced to a maintenance dose over a period of 3–6 months. Maintenance treatment with low-dose steroid reduces but dose not eliminate relapses.
Identification of autoantigens recognized by the 2F5 and 4E10 broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies
Authors: Guang Yang, T. Matt Holl, Yang Liu, Yi Li, Xiaozhi Lu, Nathan I. Nicely, Thomas B. Kepler, S. Munir Alam, Hua-Xin Liao, Derek W. Cain, Leonard Spicer, John L. VandeBerg, Barton F. Haynes, Garnett Kelsoe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

Many human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize multiple clades of HIV-1 are polyreactive and bind avidly to mammalian autoantigens. Indeed, the generation of neutralizing antibodies to the 2F5 and 4E10 epitopes of HIV-1 gp41 in man may be proscribed by immune tolerance because mice expressing the VH and VL regions of 2F5 have a block in B cell development that is characteristic of central tolerance. This developmental blockade implies the presence of tolerizing autoantigens that are mimicked by the membrane-proximal external region of HIV-1 gp41. We identify human kynureninase (KYNU) and splicing factor 3b subunit 3 (SF3B3) as the primary conserved, vertebrate self-antigens recognized by the 2F5 and 4E10 antibodies, respectively. 2F5 binds the H4 domain of KYNU which contains the complete 2F5 linear epitope (ELDKWA). 4E10 recognizes an epitope of SF3B3 that is strongly dependent on hydrophobic interactions. Opossums carry a rare KYNU H4 domain that abolishes 2F5 binding, but they retain the SF3B3 4E10 epitope. Immunization of opossums with HIV-1 gp140 induced extraordinary titers of serum antibody to the 2F5 ELDKWA epitope but little or nothing to the 4E10 determinant. Identification of structural motifs shared by vertebrates and HIV-1 provides direct evidence that immunological tolerance can impair humoral responses to HIV-1.
Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Stuart J. Connolly, Michael D. Ezekowitz, Salim Yusuf, John Eikelboom, Jonas Oldgren, Amit Parekh, Janice Pogue, Paul A. Reilly, Ellison Themeles, Jeanne Varrone, Susan Wang, Marco Alings, Denis Xavier, Jun Zhu, Rafael Diaz, Basil S. Lewis, Harald Darius, Hans-Christoph Diener, Campbell D. Joyner, Lars Wallentin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Warfarin reduces the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but increases the risk of hemorrhage and is difficult to use. Dabigatran is a new oral direct thrombin inhibitor.
Pathologic Classification of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Thijs W. Cohen Tervaert, Antien L. Mooyaart, Kerstin Amann, Arthur H. Cohen, H. Terence Cook, Cinthia B. Drachenberg, Franco Ferrario, Agnes B. Fogo, Mark Haas, Emile de Heer, Kensuke Joh, Laure H. Noël, Jai Radhakrishnan, Surya V. Seshan, Ingeborg M. Bajema, Jan A. Bruijn
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Although pathologic classifications exist for several renal diseases, including IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and lupus nephritis, a uniform classification for diabetic nephropathy is lacking. Our aim, commissioned by the Research Committee of the Renal Pathology Society, was to develop a consensus classification combining type1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathies. Such a classification should discriminate lesions by various degrees of severity that would be easy to use internationally in clinical practice. We divide diabetic nephropathy into four hierarchical glomerular lesions with a separate evaluation for degrees of interstitial and vascular involvement. Biopsies diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy are classified as follows: Class I, glomerular basement membrane thickening: isolated glomerular basement membrane thickening and only mild, nonspecific changes by light microscopy that do not meet the criteria of classes II through IV. Class II, mesangial expansion, mild (IIa) or severe (IIb): glomeruli classified as mild or severe mesangial expansion but without nodular sclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions) or global glomerulosclerosis in more than 50% of glomeruli. Class III, nodular sclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions): at least one glomerulus with nodular increase in mesangial matrix (Kimmelstiel-Wilson) without changes described in class IV. Class IV, advanced diabetic glomerulosclerosis: more than 50% global glomerulosclerosis with other clinical or pathologic evidence that sclerosis is attributable to diabetic nephropathy. A good interobserver reproducibility for the four classes of DN was shown (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84) in a test of this classification.
Duodenal exclusion devices: promising tools in treating obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bethany P Cummings
Journal: Gut (2013)

The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. As of 2008, the worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes was estimated to be approximately 9% of the global adult population.1 While pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are expanding, patients suffering from type 2 diabetes continue to experience a significantly higher risk of developing comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and cancer.2 Therefore, the development of new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes is crucial.

Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective therapeutic modality for the long-term treatment of obesity.3 Furthermore, certain bariatric procedures have been reported to result in relatively high rates of type 2 diabetes resolution. It is important to note that variation exists in the efficacy of different bariatric procedures to produce diabetes resolution. For example, gastric banding has been reported to result in diabetes resolution rates of around 55%; however, Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) results in type 2 diabetes resolution rates of approximately 82% and biliopancreatic diversion can produce diabetes remission rates of 94%.3 Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the blood glucose lowering effects of bariatric surgery remain undefined, although many potential candidate mechanisms have been proposed.

RYGB is one of the more commonly performed clinical bariatric procedures and involves several major anatomic alterations, …
Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment in Heart Affections.
Authors: James MacKenzie
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of adiponectin on carotid arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone and metformin
Authors: Takahiro Araki, Masanori Emoto, Megumi Teramura, Hisayo Yokoyama, Katsuhito Mori, Sawako Hatsuda, Takaaki Maeno, Kayo Shinohara, Hidenori Koyama, Tetsuo Shoji, Masaaki Inaba, Yoshiki Nishizawa
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
The action spectrum in quinine photosensitivity
Authors: B.L. DIFFEY, P.M. FARR, S.J. ADAMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article The action spectrum in quinine photosensitivity Get access B.L. DIFFEY, B.L. DIFFEY Regional Medical Physics Department, Dryburn Hospital, Durham, U.K. Dr B.L.Diffey, Regional Medical Physics Department, Dryburn Hospital, Durham DH1 5TW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.M. FARR, P.M. FARR Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.J. ADAMS S.J. ADAMS Department of Dermatology, Carter Bequest Hospital, Middlesbrough, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 5, 1 May 1988, Pages 679–685, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02570.x Published: 01 May 1988
Comment on: TODAY Study Group. Effects of Metformin, Metformin Plus Rosiglitazone, and Metformin Plus Lifestyle on Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in TODAY. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1749–1757
Authors: James C. Baldi, Patrick J. Manning, Paul L. Hofman, Robert J. Walker
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We read with great interest the TODAY study articles on adolescent diabetes and commend the editors of Diabetes Care for “sounding the alarm” about the impending adolescent diabetes epidemic in the June issue. Ten years ago, Narayan et al. (1) modeled a scenario where young people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes could expect to lose >15 years of relative life expectancy and >25 years of quality-adjusted life years. The TODAY study investigators, by quantifying micro- and macrovascular risk characteristics in young people with …
Intravascular quantification of human atherosclerotic burden: Magnetic resonance imaging versus ultrasound
Authors: Luis C.L. Correia, Ergin Atalar, Mark D. Kelemen, Grover M. Hutchins, Gary Gerstenblith, Elias A. Zerthouni, Joao A.C. Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Upregulation of the rat cardiac sodium channel by in vivo treatment with a class I antiarrhythmic drug.
Authors: M Taouis, R S Sheldon, H J Duff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs inhibit the sodium channel by binding to a drug receptor associated with the channel. In this report we show that in vivo administration of the class I antiarrhythmic drug mexiletine to rats induces sodium channel upregulation in isolated cardiac myocytes. The number of sodium channels was assessed with a radioligand assay using the sodium channel-specific toxin [3H]batrachotoxinin benzoate ([3H]BTXB). The administration of mexiletine to rats induced a dose-dependent increase in [3H]BTXB total specific binding (Bmax) on isolated cardiac myocytes. Sodium channel numbers were 15 +/- 5, 29 +/- 9, and 54 +/- 4 fmol/10(5) cells after 3 d treatment with 0, 50 mg/kg per d, and 150 mg/kg per d mexiletine (P less than 0.001, analysis of variance). Sodium channel number increased monoexponentially to a steady-state value within 3 d with a half-time of increase of 1.0 d. After cessation of treatment with mexiletine the number of sodium channels returned to normal within 12 d. Finally, treatment with mexiletine altered only sodium channel number; the Kd for [3H]BTXB and the IC50 for mexiletine were not different for myocytes prepared from control and mexiletine-treated rats.
Heat‐killed bacillus Calmette–Guérin and<i>Mycobacterium kansasii</i>antigen 85B combined vaccination ameliorates dermatitis in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis by inducing regulatory T cells
Authors: M. Kakeda, K. Yamanaka, H. Kitagawa, K. Tsuda, T. Akeda, I. Kurokawa, E.C. Gabazza, H. Mizutani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by dominant T-helper (Th) 2 cytokine response. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used for preventing tuberculosis, and is regarded as a strong Th1 cytokine inducer. Antigen (Ag) 85B is a secretory protein present in Mycobacterium species that induces Th1 cytokine production.We investigated the effects of combined vaccination of heat-killed BCG (hkBCG) and Mycobacterium kansasii Ag85B in an AD mouse model.For the AD model, keratin 14 promoter-derived caspase-1 overexpressing mice (KCASP1Tg) were used. The mice received a combination therapy of hkBCG at age 3 weeks and Ag85B twice weekly for 11 weeks from the 4th week; Ag85B monotherapy from the 4th week; hkBCG monotherapy at the 3rd week; or control saline. Areas of skin lesions, cytokine mRNA expression and serum interleukin (IL)-18 and immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels were analysed. Inducible Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (iTreg), IL-10-producing T cells (Tr1), and interferon (IFN)-γ/IL-4/IL-17-producing T cells were evaluated in the spleen.Saline-treated mice and hkBCG monotherapy mice spontaneously developed severe dermatitis. However, combined therapy with hkBCG and Ag85B significantly suppressed the development of skin lesions and mast cell infiltrations. Elevations of the serum IgE and IL-18 levels were significantly suppressed with combined therapy. Mice treated with hkBCG and Ag85B had a normal number of iTreg in the spleen, and decreased number of both IL-4- and IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells. The effect of Ag85B monotherapy was limited.Combined vaccination with hkBCG and Ag85B decreases AD skin lesions by inducing regulatory T cells, suggesting that this vaccination is a potent and novel therapeutic strategy for AD.
Transluminal Attenuation Gradient in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Is a Novel Noninvasive Approach to the Identification of Functionally Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Dennis T.L. Wong, Brian S. Ko, James D. Cameron, Nitesh Nerlekar, Michael C.H. Leung, Yuvaraj Malaiapan, Marcus Crossett, Darryl P. Leong, Stephen G. Worthley, John Troupis, Ian T. Meredith, Sujith K. Seneviratne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)