tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recombinant peanut allergen Ara h I expression and IgE binding in patients with peanut hypersensitivity.
Authors: A W Burks, G Cockrell, J S Stanley, R M Helm, G A Bannon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Peanut allergy is a significant health problem because of the frequency, the potential severity, and the chronicity of the allergic sensitivity. Serum IgE from patients with documented peanut hypersensitivity reactions and a peanut cDNA expression library were used to identify clones that encode peanut allergens. One of the major peanut allergens, Ara h I, was selected from these clones using Ara h I specific oligonucleotides and polymerase chain reaction technology. The Ara h I clone identified a 2.3-kb mRNA species on a Northern blot containing peanut poly (A)+ RNA. DNA sequence analysis of the cloned inserts revealed that the Ara h I allergen has significant homology with the vicilin seed storage protein family found in most higher plants. The isolation of the Ara h I clones allowed the synthesis of this protein in E. coli cells and subsequent recognition of this recombinant protein in immunoblot analysis using serum IgE from patients with peanut hypersensitivity. With the production of the recombinant peanut protein it will now be possible to address the pathophysiologic and immunologic mechanisms regarding peanut hypersensitivity reactions specifically and food hypersensitivity in general
Studies on the Biologic Actions of Biosynthetic Human Insulin In Vitro and in Diabetic Man
Authors: Werner K Waldhäusl, Gerhard Kastner, Martin Komjati, Paul Bratusch-Marrain
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

This preliminary study was designed to determine whether biologic action of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) in vitro and its antigenicity in man equals that of various insulins of pancreatic origin. Testing the biologic action of BHI, pancreatic human insulin (PHI), and pancreatic pork insulin (PCPI) on glucose uptake by the rat hemidiaphragm and adipose tissue, identical efficacy for the insulins on a unit per unit basis was observed. Furthermore, a comparable impairment of insulin action was seen under the detrimental conditions of a hyperosmolal state. In an insulin-dependent diabetic female patient with cutaneous insulin hypersensitivity, BHI displayed the same antigenicity as PHI and PCPI. From these data we conclude tht BHI, both in vitro and in vivo, exhibits the same biologic properties as pancreatic insulin, and that it is reasonable to continue extensive testing of BHI in man, since identical metabolic effects and immunologic reactions are to be anticipated as with purified pancreatic insulin preparations of human or animal origin.
Sublobar resection for lung cancer
Authors: R. Rami-Porta, M. Tsuboi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Sublobar resection for small lung cancers has been debated frequently and is still a controversial issue. The only randomised trial comparing lobectomy with sublobar resections found a significantly higher recurrence rate for the latter, but failed to show significant differences in survival, although survival was better for the lobectomy group. One meta-analysis and several nonrandomised comparisons have confirmed these results. In general, lobectomy and sublobar resections have similar 5-yr survival rates. Local recurrence after wedge resection is higher than after segmentectomy. However, for patients aged >71 yrs, lobectomy and wedge resection are associated with similar survival. For tumours of </=2 cm, segmentectomy is equivalent to lobectomy, but survival after segmentectomy is worse if performed for larger tumours. For both segmentectomy and wedge resection, tumour margins should be >/=1 cm wide to avoid recurrence. For pure bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of </=2 cm, diagnosed intraoperatively with certainty, sublobar resection seems equivalent to lobectomy, and because there is no nodal involvement, systematic nodal dissection may not be necessary. In case of doubt, however, lobectomy with systematic nodal dissection will ensure complete resection and adequate staging. More randomised trials are needed to confirm all these issues.
High affinity germinal center B cells are actively selected into the plasma cell compartment
Authors: Tri Giang Phan, Didrik Paus, Tyani D. Chan, Marian L. Turner, Stephen L. Nutt, Antony Basten, Robert Brink
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

A hallmark of T cell–dependent immune responses is the progressive increase in the ability of serum antibodies to bind antigen and provide immune protection. Affinity maturation of the antibody response is thought to be connected with the preferential survival of germinal centre (GC) B cells that have acquired increased affinity for antigen via somatic hypermutation of their immunoglobulin genes. However, the mechanisms that drive affinity maturation remain obscure because of the difficulty in tracking the affinity-based selection of GC B cells and their differentiation into plasma cells. We describe a powerful new model that allows these processes to be followed as they occur in vivo. In contrast to evidence from in vitro systems, responding GC B cells do not undergo plasma cell differentiation stochastically. Rather, only GC B cells that have acquired high affinity for the immunizing antigen form plasma cells. Affinity maturation is therefore driven by a tightly controlled mechanism that ensures only antibodies with the greatest possibility of neutralizing foreign antigen are produced. Because the body can sustain only limited numbers of plasma cells, this “quality control” over plasma cell differentiation is likely critical for establishing effective humoral immunity.
IgE-associated phenotypes in 8-year old children. Cluster analysis of European birth cohorts
Authors: Marta Benet, Jean Bousquet, Josep M. Antó, Joachim Heinrich, Thomas Keil, Henriette A. Smit, Jordi Sunyer, Magnus Wickman, Judith Garcia-Aymerich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy) is a FP7 project that aims to generate novel knowledge on the mechanisms of initiation of allergy. We aimed to identify phenotypes of allergic diseases in children using hypothesis-free statistical analyses. A total of 14,625 children (50% female) aged 8 years from 5 European birth cohorts (MAS, BAMSE, PIAMA, LISA, and GINI) were included in a common database with 83 variables obtained through harmonization of standardized questionnaires. Children were grouped, using partitioning cluster analysis (k-means), according to the distribution of 21 variables (phenotypic traits), covering asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, food allergy, specific IgE levels, and child characteristics. Two groups emerged as the best separation maximizing between- and minimizing within- groups distances. The prevalence of most allergic diseases was different between groups (see Table): 5% vs 54% for ever asthma, 6% vs 54% for ever allergic rhinitis, and 26% vs 69% for ever eczema, in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Specific IgE positivity was observed in 28% and 64% of children, respectively.

![Figure][1] 



Thus, Group 1 could correspond to healthy children from the general population, while Group 2 puts together children with the different allergic diseases. These data suggest that allergic diseases could be better approached as one single entity rather than as independent, solely organ-related diseases.

 [1]: pending:yes
Unusual patellar tendon injury in an adolescent runner with generalised ligamentous laxity.
Authors: I A Karnezis, P J Morrison
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

A case is reported of an acute traction injury of the patellar tendon in a boy of 14 with joint hypermobility. Such injuries are unusual but early diagnosis and surgical repair lead to a good long term outcome. In adolescents participating in sports, the awareness of the possibility of a rare knee extensor mechanism injury is essential for a successful outcome.
Serial Transfer of Single-Cell-Derived Immunocompetence Reveals Stemness of CD8+ Central Memory T Cells
Authors: Patricia Graef, Veit R. Buchholz, Christian Stemberger, Michael Flossdorf, Lynette Henkel, Matthias Schiemann, Ingo Drexler, Thomas Höfer, Stanley R. Riddell, Dirk H. Busch
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Increasing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Provision in Communities With Low Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Rates
Authors: Comilla Sasson, Hendrika Meischke, Benjamin S. Abella, Robert A. Berg, Bentley J. Bobrow, Paul S. Chan, Elisabeth Dowling Root, Michele Heisler, Jerrold H. Levy, Mark Link, Frederick Masoudi, Marcus Ong, Michael R. Sayre, John S. Rumsfeld, Thomas D. Rea
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Assembly and maintenance of the sarcomere night and day
Authors: S. Y. Boateng, P. H. Goldspink
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The assembly of sarcomeric proteins into the highly organized structure of the sarcomere is an ordered and complex process involving an array of structural and associated proteins. The sarcomere has shown itself to be considerably more complex than ever envisaged and may be considered one of the most complex macromolecular assemblies in biology. Studies over the last decade have helped to put a new face on the sarcomere, and, as such, the sarcomere is being redefined as a dynamic network of proteins capable of generating force and signalling with other cellular compartments and metabolic enzymes capable of controlling many facets of striated myocyte biology.
The Problems of Women Married to Homosexual Men
Authors: MYRA S. HATTERER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

In treating the married male homosexual who wishes to change his sexual orientation, it is essential to understand both the personality of the wife and the dynamics of the marriage. Findings based on the study of five women and their husbands who were in individual and conjoint therapy and single interviews of 12 other women married to homosexual men in therapy revealed that the women felt inadequate in many areas of their gender and erotic identifications; they demonstrated sexual repression, passive-agressive personality traits, and retarded psychosexual and social development. The author shows how the wife's need to maintain the neurotic contract of the marriage undermines her husband's treatment. The observations are illustrated three case histories.
Monoclonal anti-IgG autoantibodies derived from lipopolysaccharide-activated spleen cells of 129/Sv mice
Authors: JL Van Snick, P Coulie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

In some colonies, 129/Sv mice produce, upon aging, a rheumatoid factor (RF) that is specific for mouse IgG2a but fails to react with IgG2a of the b allotype. It is not known whether this narrow specificity is due to the absence of other RF specificities in the repertoire of these mice or to the selective activation of the production of anti-IgG2a autoantibodies by a specific stimulus. To analyze the RF repertoire of 129/Sv mice, we have derived hybridomas from their spleen cells 3 d after an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. We have obtained 68 hybridomas secreting a monoclonal IgM with RF activity. This represents approximately 3 percent of the total number of hybridomas generated in four hybridizations. In addition, one monoclonal IgA RF was derived from unstimulated 129/Sv spleen cells. The specificities of these monoclonal RF were examined by testing their ability to bind to a panel of homologous and heterologous IgG preparations. The majority of the IgM RF reacted exclusively with a single mouse IgG subclass: 58 with IgG1, and 1 with IgG2a. Eight bound preferentially to IgG1 but cross-reacted to some extent with IgG2a and one was specific for a determinant shared by IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3. The IgA RF derived from unstimulated spleen cells was primarily directed against IgG2a but cross- reacted somewhat with IgG2b. Identical results were obtained with two different monoclonal IgG1 and IgG2a proteins of the a allotype. No allotypic specificity was found for the anti-IgG1 RF, which all reacted well with IgG1 of the b allotype. In contrast, the IgM anti-IgG2a antibody exhibited such allotypic specificity because it failed to react with IgG2a of the b allotype. When tested on heterologous IgG preparations, all anti-IgG1 RF reacted better with rat IgG1, rat IgG2c, bovine IgG2, goat IgG2, and rabbit IgG than with mouse IgG1, demonstrating a particular homology between these Ig. On the basis of additional cross-reactions with other IgG, including rat IgG2a, rat IgG2b, bovine IgG1, goat IgG1, human IgG, and chicken IgG, seven different anti-IgG1 clonotypes could be identified. However, despite their heterogeneity, nearly all antigenic determinants recognized by anti-IgG 1 RF appeared to be located in the hinge region of the molecule. Total lack of binding to IgG1 Fab fragments was indeed observed, and only one antibody reacted with IgG1 Fc fragments. Unlike the anti-IgG1 RF, the IgM and the IgA anti-IgG2a antibodies did not cross-react with any heterologous IgG of the same panel. Altogether, t 1 different RF clonotypes could be distinguished on the basis of their fine specificity. The anti-IgG2a specificity of the RF spontaneously produced by 129/ Sv mice is thus not due to the absence of other RF specificities in the repertoire of these mice.
Avoidance of patent anterior grafts at revisional coronary artery surgery: use of a lateral thoracotomy approach.
Authors: W S Walker, C T Sang
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The use of a right or left lateral thoracotomy is described as an alternative approach to revisional coronary artery surgery for patients with patent anterior grafts. Five patients underwent successful revisional coronary artery grafting with a total of three internal mammary artery grafts and three saphenous vein grafts. This is a safe technique in patients for whom repeat median sternotomy is potentially hazardous, notably those with patent anterior grafts or close apposition of the heart to the sternal table.
Increased muscle enzyme activity after yoga breathing during an exacerbation of asthma.
Authors: F M Tamarin, R Conetta, R D Brandstetter, H Chadow
Journal: Thorax (1988)

The case is reported of a yoga practitioner who, during an exacerbation of asthma, developed a substantial increase in serum muscle enzymes. This was related to his yoga breathing exercises, which he used to enhance the delivery of aerosolised bronchodilators. As his condition improved and the use of these yoga manoeuvres diminished, the muscle enzyme levels fell to normal.
Portal hypertension resulting from splenic arteriovenous fistulae.
Authors: G W Johnston, J B Gibson
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Splenic arteriovenous fistula is one of the rarer causes of splenomegaly and of portal hypertension.The present paper describes three well-documented cases, one of which was diagnosed by aortography.The literature is reviewed carefully.Portal hypertension is commonly due to obstruction to portal blood flow either within the liver as in cirrhosis, or within the portal vein, as from throm- bosis.In recent years, however, reports have multiplied of portal hypertension in the absence of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic obstruction (
Genome-wide analysis of mRNA decay patterns during early Drosophila development
Authors: Stefan Thomsen, Simon Anders, Sarath Chandra Janga, Wolfgang Huber, Claudio R Alonso
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

The modulation of mRNA levels across tissues and time is key for the establishment and operation of the developmental programs that transform the fertilized egg into a fully formed embryo. Although the developmental mechanisms leading to differential mRNA synthesis are heavily investigated, comparatively little attention is given to the processes of mRNA degradation and how these relate to the molecular programs controlling development. Here we combine timed collection of Drosophila embryos and unfertilized eggs with genome-wide microarray technology to determine the degradation patterns of all mRNAs present during early fruit fly development. Our work studies the kinetics of mRNA decay, the contributions of maternally and zygotically encoded factors to mRNA degradation, and the ways in which mRNA decay profiles relate to gene function, mRNA localization patterns, translation rates and protein turnover. We also detect cis-regulatory sequences enriched in transcripts with common degradation patterns and propose several proteins and microRNAs as developmental regulators of mRNA decay during early fruit fly development. Finally, we experimentally validate the effects of a subset of cis-regulatory sequences and trans-regulators in vivo. Our work advances the current understanding of the processes controlling mRNA degradation during early Drosophila development, taking us one step closer to the understanding of mRNA decay processes in all animals. Our data also provide a valuable resource for further experimental and computational studies investigating the process of mRNA decay.
Abrogation of growth hormone secretion rescues fatty liver in mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of JAK2
Authors: Brandon C. Sos, Charles Harris, Sarah M. Nordstrom, Jennifer L. Tran, Mercedesz Balázs, Patrick Caplazi, Maria Febbraio, Milana A.B. Applegate, Kay-Uwe Wagner, Ethan J. Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with multiple comorbid conditions, including diabetes, obesity, infection, and malnutrition. Mice with hepatocyte-specific disruption of growth hormone (GH) signaling develop fatty liver (FL), although the precise mechanism underlying this finding remains unknown. Because GH signals through JAK2, we developed mice bearing hepatocyte-specific deletion of JAK2 (referred to herein as JAK2L mice). These mice were lean, but displayed markedly elevated levels of GH, liver triglycerides (TGs), and plasma FFAs. Because GH is known to promote lipolysis, we crossed GH-deficient little mice to JAK2L mice, and this rescued the FL phenotype. Expression of the fatty acid transporter CD36 was dramatically increased in livers of JAK2L mice, as was expression of Pparg. Since GH signaling represses PPARγ expression and Cd36 is a known transcriptional target of PPARγ, we treated JAK2L mice with the PPARγ-specific antagonist GW9662. This resulted in reduced expression of liver Cd36 and decreased liver TG content. These results provide a mechanism for the FL observed in mice with liver-specific disruption in GH signaling and suggest that the development of FL depends on both GH-dependent increases in plasma FFA and increased hepatic uptake of FFA, likely mediated by increased expression of CD36.
Divergent Mitochondrial Biogenesis Responses in Human Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Preeti Ahuja, Jonathan Wanagat, Zhihua Wang, Yibin Wang, David A. Liem, Peipei Ping, Igor A. Antoshechkin, Kenneth B. Margulies, W. Robb MacLellan
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Mitochondria are key players in the development and progression of heart failure (HF). Mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction leads to diminished energy production and increased cell death contributing to the progression of left ventricular failure. The fundamental mechanisms that underlie mt dysfunction in HF have not been fully elucidated. Methods and Results— To characterize mt morphology, biogenesis, and genomic integrity in human HF, we investigated left ventricular tissue from nonfailing hearts and end-stage ischemic (ICM) or dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathic hearts. Although mt dysfunction was present in both types of cardiomyopathy, mt were smaller and increased in number in DCM compared with ICM or nonfailing hearts. mt volume density and mtDNA copy number was increased by ≈2-fold ( P &lt;0.001) in DCM hearts in comparison with ICM hearts. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the expression of mtDNA-encoded genes in DCM versus no change in ICM. mtDNA repair and antioxidant genes were reduced in failing hearts, suggestive of a defective repair and protection system, which may account for the 4.1-fold increase in mtDNA deletion mutations in DCM ( P &lt;0.05 versus nonfailing hearts, P &lt;0.05 versus ICM). Conclusions— In DCM, mt dysfunction is associated with mtDNA damage and deletions, which could be a consequence of mutating stress coupled with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α–dependent stimulus for mt biogenesis. However, this maladaptive compensatory response contributes to additional oxidative damage. Thus, our findings support further investigations into novel mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for mt dysfunction in DCM.
Antithrombin III Prevents Early Pulmonary Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation in the Dog
Authors: Angel Salvatierra, Rafael Guerrero, Mariano Rodriguez, Antonio Alvarez, Fuensanta Soriano, Rosario Lopez-Pedrera, Rafael Ramirez, Julia Carracedo, Fernando Lopez-Rubio, Javier Lopez-Pujol, Francisco Velasco
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — Ischemia-reperfusion injury with the resulting inflammatory response is a devastating complication of lung transplantation; much of the tissue damage could be diminished by control of the inflammatory response. Recent studies have show that antithrombin III (AT III) has an anti-inflammatory effect in addition to its established role in the regulation of blood coagulation. Thus, we hypothesized that the administration of AT III might help to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Methods and Results — The study was performed in a dog model of orthotopic lung transplantation. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle (controls) or AT III. We observed that in control dogs, during the 180-minute period after lung transplantation, the arterial O 2 partial pressure decreased and both the alveolar-arterial O 2 difference and the pulmonary vascular resistance increased. By contrast, these parameters remained unchanged in the group of dogs receiving AT III. Dogs with transplants receiving AT III did not show an increase in cell adhesion molecules, and histological examination revealed almost an absence of inflammatory response. The administration of AT III produced a marked increase in serum prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) levels, whereas in control dogs, the PGI 2 levels did not change. The beneficial effect of AT III was not observed when dogs received indomethacin to prevent the stimulation of PGI 2 release by AT III. Conclusions — Our results demonstrate that AT III prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury in a dog model of lung transplantation and that this effect is conditioned by an increase in PGI 2 production.
Reversal of Chronic Ventricular Dilation in Patients With End-Stage Cardiomyopathy by Prolonged Mechanical Unloading
Authors: Howard R. Levin, Mehmet C. Oz, Jonathan M. Chen, Milton Packer, Eric A. Rose, Daniel Burkhoff
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Ventricular dilation, indexed by marked shifts toward larger volumes of the end-diastolic pressure-volume relation (EDPVR), has been considered to represent an irreversible aspect of ventricular remodeling in end-stage heart failure. However, we hypothesized that such dilation could be reversed with sufficient hemodynamic unloading, such as can be provided by a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Methods and Results The EDPVRs of hearts from seven patients with end-stage idiopathic cardiomyopathy and comparable baseline hemodynamics were measured ex vivo at the time of cardiac transplantation; these were compared with EDPVRs from three normal human hearts that were technically unsuitable for transplantation. Four of the patients received optimal medical therapy; three of the patients, who deteriorated on optimal therapy, underwent LVAD support for ≈4 months. Compared with the normal hearts, EDPVRs of hearts from medically treated patients were shifted toward markedly larger volumes. In contrast, EDPVRs of hearts from LVAD patients were similar to those of normal hearts. Conclusions Chronic hemodynamic unloading of sufficient magnitude and duration can result in reversal of chamber enlargement and normalization of cardiac structure as indexed by the EDPVR, both important aspects of remodeling, even in the most advanced stages of heart failure.