tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of acute, passive hepatic congestion on blood flow and oxygen uptake in the intact liver of the cat.
Authors: W W Lautt
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Raising the hepatic venous pressure experimentally duplicates the type of hepatic congestion seen in many clinical situations including congestive heart failure. Venous pressure was controlled using a hepatic venous long circuit preparation and was raised by 6 cm blood (4.7 mm Hg) or 10 cm (7.8 mm Hg). Total splanchnic blood flow and oxygen uptake were reduced by these maneuvers but hepatic arterial flow was not altered nor was hepatic oxygen uptake. Blood flow in the portal vein decreased to 65 +/- 12% of control and gut oxygen uptake decreased to 60 +/- 14% of control. The data confirm that raised hepatic venous pressure does not produce hepatic edema in spite of massive prolonged fluid filtration across the liver into the peritoneum. In spite of a reduced (to 84 +/- 3% of control) hepatic oxygen delivery, the liver can maintain oxygen uptake (99 +/- 7% of control) by increasing oxygen extraction to appropriate levels. The hepatic artery in these cats were capable of myogenic vasoconstriction in response to altered arterial pressure, but in response to raised venous pressure no tendency for constriction was seen. This is in marked contrast to the vasoconstriction seen in isolated perfused livers where portal blood flow is held constant during the raised venous pressure.
Comparative Study of Central Corneal Thickness Measurement with Slit-Lamp Optical Coherence Tomography and Visante Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Haitao Li, Christopher Kai Shun Leung, Lee Wong, Carol Yim Lui Cheung, Chi Pui Pang, Robert Neal Weinreb, Dennis Shun Chiu Lam
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
Real-time Study of E-Cadherin and Membrane Dynamics in Living Animals: Implications for Disease Modeling and Drug Development
Authors: Alan Serrels, Paul Timpson, Marta Canel, Juliane P. Schwarz, Neil O. Carragher, Margaret C. Frame, Valerie G. Brunton, Kurt I. Anderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The ability of tumor cells to invade and metastasize requires deregulation of interactions with adjacent cells and the extracellular matrix. A major challenge of cancer biology is to observe the dynamics of the proteins involved in this process in their functional and physiologic context. Here, for the first time, we have used photobleaching and photoactivation to compare the mobility of cell adhesion and plasma membrane probes in vitro and in tumors grown in mice (in vivo). We find differences between in vitro and in vivo recovery dynamics of two key molecules, the tumor suppressor E-cadherin and the membrane-targeting sequence of H-Ras. Our data show that E-cadherin dynamics are significantly faster in vivo compared with cultured cells, that the ratio of E-cadherin stabilized in cell-cell junctions is significantly higher in vivo, and that E-cadherin mobility correlates with cell migration. Moreover, quantitative imaging has allowed us to assess the effects of therapeutic intervention on E-cadherin dynamics using dasatinib, a clinically approved Src inhibitor, and show clear differences in the efficacy of drug treatment in vivo. Our results show for the first time the utility of photobleaching and photoactivation in the analysis of dynamic biomarkers in living animals. Furthermore, this work highlights critical differences in molecular dynamics in vitro and in vivo, which have important implications for the use of cultured disease models as surrogates for living tissue.
Use of adenosine deaminase as a diagnostic tool for tuberculous pleurisy.
Authors: L J Burgess, F J Maritz, I Le Roux, J J Taljaard
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--A statistical audit of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in pleural effusions was undertaken. METHODS--ADA analysis, cytological and microbiological examinations, and differential cell counts were performed on 462 pleural fluid samples. RESULTS--ADA activity in tuberculous effusions was higher than in any other diagnostic group. At a level of 50 U/l the sensitivity and specificity for the identification of tuberculosis was 90% and 89%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS--ADA activity remains a useful test in the evaluation of pleural effusions.
Arthur Gourdin Smith
Authors: D. G Smith
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Slough and Cromer (b Hong Kong 1914; q Edinburgh 1937), d 11 April 2002.

After house posts in Scotland and the north, he worked at Ealing Hospital until joining the Royal Army Medical Corps. He went to France on D Day, landing on Gold Beach. In 1946 he took a partnership in Slough, moving to a singlehanded practice in Cromer in 1966. He took up sailing aged 50 and this remained his major hobby. He had two successful heart bypass operations at Papworth and retired in 1974. Predeceased by his first wife, Phyliss, and by his second son, he leaves his second wife, Gwynneth; two children; and four grandchildren.
The relation between snoring and smoking, body mass index, age, alcohol consumption and respiratory symptoms
Authors: F Kauffmann, I Annesi, F Neukirch, MP Oryszczyn, A Alperovitch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Potential risk factors for snoring were studied in a population of 457 middle-aged men. Eversnoring was reported by 60% of the men and snoring with an age of onset before or equal to 20 years by 13%. Eversnoring was significantly related to older age, higher body mass index and smoking habits. Alcohol consumption, estimated by questionnaire and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was unrelated to a history of snoring. Logistic regression showed that snoring was independently associated with age, body mass index and smoking habits. An exposure-effect relationship clearly appeared between tobacco consumption and snoring. After adjustment for smoking habits, none of the upper or lower respiratory symptoms was significantly related to snoring.
A comparison of physiological responses and rating of perceived exertion in two modes of aerobic exercise in men and women over 50 years of age
Authors: S Grant, K Corbett, K Todd, C Davies, T Aitchison, N Mutrie, J Byrne, E Henderson, H J Dargie
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

Objectives: To compare the physiological responses and ratings of perceived exertion to aerobic dance and walking sessions completed at a self selected pace. Methods: Six women and six men with a sample mean (SD) age of 68 (7) years completed aerobic dance and walking sessions in random order. A treadmill test was performed by each subject from which peak oxygen uptake (V̇ o 2 ) and maximum heart rates (HRmax) were determined. During the aerobic dance and walking sessions, heart rate and V̇ o 2 were measured continuously throughout. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured every three minutes throughout the session. Results: The sample means (SD) for %peak V̇ o 2 were 67 (17)% for the aerobic dance sessions and 52 (10)% for the walking sessions, and the %HRmax sample means (SD) were 74 (12)% for the aerobic dance sessions and 60 (8)% for walking sessions. The sample mean (SD) RPE for the aerobic dance sessions was 11 (2), and for the walking sessions it was 10 (2). Conclusions: %peak V̇ o 2 , %HRmax, and RPE were significantly higher for aerobic dance than for walking. However, both the aerobic dance and walking sessions were of adequate intensity to improve aerobic fitness in most subjects. Further investigation into the relation between RPE and %peak V̇ o 2 in a field setting over representative exercise time periods would be useful.
P183 Recruitment to COPD Clinical Trials from Primary Care Patients
Authors: SE Brill, E El-Emir, R Singh, ARC Patel, AJ Mackay, GC Donaldson, I Nazareth, JA Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Clinical trials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have spirometric criteria for enrolment, and published screening failure rates against these criteria have been reported as low as 7%<sup>1</sup>. Primary care databases provide a source of patients with COPD to recruit into clinical trials. However, UK COPD lists are heterogenous, with only 73% having confirmed COPD when retested<sup>2</sup>. This may result in a higher than expected screening failure rate. We reviewed this using our experience of recruiting to a COPD trial through primary care databases. <h3>Methods</h3> Local GP surgeries were requested to contact all patients on their COPD database after applying exclusion criteria for age and co-morbidities. Patients were sent an invitation letter with a reply slip to return directly to the study team and those interested in participating were contacted for screening spirometry and medical history. Surgeries were reimbursed up to £500 administrative costs. Patients fulfilled diagnostic inclusion criteria if the FEV1/FVC ratio was &lt;0.7 and FEV1&lt;80% predicted with a smoking history and without other obstructive lung disease. <h3>Results</h3> Approximately 1400 letters were sent from 29 GP surgeries between February and July 2012; 283 replies were received by the study team (20%). Of these, 180 were not screened (125 [69%] declined to participate, 9 [5%] had diseases other than COPD, 9 [5%] were enrolled in other research, and 37 [21%] were unsuitable for other reasons). 8 appointments were pending with screening data available for 95 patients (Table 1). 40 patients (42%) did not satisfy the spirometric inclusion criteria; 27 did not show airflow obstruction, 10 had mild COPD, and 3 had asthma. Approximately 25 contact letters and up to £260 were therefore required per eligible patient identified. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A high proportion of patients on primary care databases fail to meet spirometric criteria for COPD trials and the screening failure rate via this recruitment pathway is much higher than previously reported. A large number of initial contacts are required for each patient identified. COPD patients are increasingly managed in primary care and these findings therefore have implications for planning future studies. Albert, NEJM, 2011; 365(8):p689–98. Jones, Respir Res, 2008; 9:p62.
Short-term use of cyclosporin A in severe psoriasis
Authors: TH.VAN JOOST, F. HEULE, E. STOLZ, R. BEUKERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The effectiveness of cyclosporin A (CyA) in low dosages (mean 5 mg/kg/day) for short-term treatment of severe psoriasis was studied. Of five patients with severe progressive psoriasis vulgaris (mean PASI score 43.8), an almost complete remission in three patients, and a large reduction in PASI score in the remaining two patients, was obtained within 4 weeks. No important clinical side-effects were found but there was biochemical evidence of slight renal dysfunction in one patient. The mean percentage reduction in the PASI score was 84%. It was concluded that the results reported justify further study of the use of CyA in the treatment of severe psoriasis.
CD247, a Novel T Cell–Derived Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Detecting Disease Progression and Severity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Roy Eldor, Yair Klieger, Moshe Sade-Feldman, Ilan Vaknin, Inna Varfolomeev, Camil Fuchs, Michal Baniyash
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that chronic inflammation results in immunosuppression associated with CD247 downregulation in T lymphocytes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to be associated with chronic inflammation. We therefore sought to examine CD247 expression levels in patients with T2DM and to assess whether it can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for disease complications and outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples from 75 T2DM patients and 40 healthy control subjects were collected and analyzed for the expression level of CD247 in T lymphocytes. Subjects with T2DM underwent a medical interview with physical examination and were followed for an additional average of 19.2 ± 0.9 months to determine the occurrence of major adverse disease end points. The relationship between the level of CD247 expression and disease status at the time of blood draw and the ability of the marker to identify future complications was evaluated. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in CD247 expression levels in T lymphocytes of T2DM patients when compared with healthy volunteers. CD247 downregulation was associated with disease severity, complications, and the occurrence of future cardiovascular events, suggesting its potential use not only as a diagnostic but also as a prognostic biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the use of CD247 as a biomarker in diabetic patients for evaluating the state of chronic inflammation that contributes to morbidity and mortality in this disease and for the prediction of future cardiovascular events.
Toward a Total Cure for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ching-Hon Pui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

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Lymphokine gene expression in vivo is inhibited by cyclosporin A.
Authors: A Granelli-Piperno
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Murine T cells were stimulated in vivo by administering allogeneic cells or mitogens into the foot pads and then examining the draining popliteal lymph nodes. Allogeneic spleen cells induced the expression of IL2 and IFN-gamma mRNAs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Induction of these transcripts also was detected after administration of Con A and anti-CD3 mAb. An increase in DNA-synthesizing cells was observed by 48 h, and these were shown to be T cells because of their sensitivity to anti-Thy-1 but not anti-B220 mAb and complement, and because of their localization to the T-dependent areas of the lymph node. The in vivo administration of cyclosporin A (CSA) reduced several of these T cell responses. The level of DNA synthesis and the frequency of cells synthesizing DNA were decreased by approximately 75%, while the induction of IL-2 responsiveness was not substantially diminished. IL-2 and IFN-gamma transcripts were inhibited at least 70-90%, as determined by Northern blot and in situ hybridization. Although the inhibition by CSA was not as complete in animals as observed previously in tissue culture, our findings indicate that in both systems, a major site of action of CSA is to inhibit T cell growth by inhibiting lymphokine production.
Expression and Functional Significance of HtrA1 Loss in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Sally A. Mullany, Mehdi Moslemi-Kebria, Ramandeep Rattan, Ashwani Khurana, Amy Clayton, Takayo Ota, Andrea Mariani, Karl C. Podratz, Jeremy Chien, Viji Shridhar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

The purpose of this study was to determine if loss of serine protease HtrA1 in endometrial cancer will promote the invasive potential of EC cell lines.Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry methods were used to determine HtrA1 expression in EC cell lines and primary tumors, respectively. Migration, invasion assays and in vivo xenograft experiment were performed to compare the extent of metastasis between HtrA1 expressing and HtrA1 knocked down clones.Western blot analysis of HtrA1 in 13 EC cell lines revealed complete loss of HtrA1 expression in all seven papillary serous EC cell lines. Downregulation of HtrA1 in Hec1A and Hec1B cell lines resulted in a three- to fourfold increase in the invasive potential. Exogenous expression of HtrA1 in Ark1 and Ark2 cells resulted in three- to fourfold decrease in both invasive and migration potential of these cells. There was an increased rate of metastasis to the lungs associated with HtrA1 downregulation in Hec1B cells compared to control cells with endogenous HtrA1 expression. Enhanced expression of HtrA1 in Ark2 cells resulted in significantly less tumor nodules metastasizing to the lungs compared to parental or protease deficient (SA mutant) Ark2 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed 57% (105/184) of primary EC tumors had low HtrA1 expression. The association of low HtrA1 expression with high-grade endometrioid tumors was statistically significant (P = 0.016).Collectively, these data indicate loss of HtrA1 may contribute to the aggressiveness and metastatic ability of endometrial tumors.
Radiographic assessment of sacroiliitis by radiologists and rheumatologists: does training improve quality?
Authors: A van Tubergen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Objective:</b> To assess performance of radiologists and rheumatologists in detecting sacroiliitis <b>Methods:</b> 100 rheumatologists and 23 radiologists participated. One set of films was used for each assessment, another for training, and the third for confidence judgment. Films of HLA-B27+ patients with AS were used to assess sensitivity. For specificity films of healthy HLA-B27− relatives were included. Plain sacroiliac (SI) films with simultaneously taken computed tomographic scans (CTs) were used for confidence judgment. Three months after reading the training set, sensitivity and specificity assessments were repeated. Next, participants attended a workshop. They also rated 26 SI radiographs and 26 CTs for their trust in each judgment. Three months later final assessments were done. <b>Results:</b> Sensitivity (84.3%/79.8%) and specificity (70.6%/74.7%) for radiologists and rheumatologists were comparable. Rheumatologists showed 6.3% decrease in sensitivity after self education (p=0.001), but 3.0% better specificity (p=0.008). The decrease in sensitivity reversed after the workshop. Difference in sensitivity three months after the workshop and baseline was only 0.5%. Sensitivity &lt;50% occurred in 13% of participants. Only a few participants showed changes of &gt;5% in both sensitivity and specificity. Intraobserver agreement for sacroiliitis grade 1 or 2 ranged from 65% to 100%. Sensitivity for CT (86%) was higher than for plain films (72%) (p&lt;0.001) with the same specificity (84%). Confidence ratings for correctly diagnosing presence (7.7) or absence (8.3) of sacroiliitis were somewhat higher than incorrectly diagnosing the presence (6.6) or absence (7.4) of sacroiliitis (p&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> Radiologists and rheumatologists show modest sensitivity and specificity for sacroiliitis and sizeable intraobserver variation. Overall, neither individual training nor workshops improved performance.
Morphometric Basis of the Sheet-Flow Concept of the Pulmonary Alveolar Microcirculation in the Cat
Authors: SIDNEY S. SOBIN, HERTA M. TREMER, Y. C. FUNG
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The purpose of this study was to describe quantitatively the geometric organization of the pulmonary alveolar capillary bed. Conventional representation of these vessels as a tight network of circular cylindrical tubes (tube-flow model) was contrasted with a suggested alternative of a continuous sheet bounded on two sides by endothelium held apart by connective tissue and cellular posts (sheet-flow model). A vascular space-tissue ratio, VSTR, is defined as the ratio of vascular lumen volume to the circumscribing tissue volume. The VSTR was obtained by planimetric measurements. Formulas were developed to relate VSTR to the geometric models. Cat lungs were perfused in situ with liquid silicone elastomer at 25 mm Hg, and the liquid elastomer was allowed to catalyze at 15 or 25 mm Hg static pressure while the airway pressure was maintained at 10 cm H 2 O. After the silicone became solid, the lungs were fixed with formalin-steam, and morphometric analysis was carried out on photographs of frozen sections. The mean values of VSTR of each cat (six lobes) were 0.91 to 0.92, irrespective of intracapillary pressure. These data are consistent with a sheet-flow model. Sheet thickness then becomes a significant variable.