tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blockade of self-reactive IgM significantly reduces injury in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: M. S. Haas, E. M. Alicot, F. Schuerpf, I. Chiu, J. Li, F. D. Moore, M. C. Carroll
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Coronary artery occlusion resulting in ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of mortality in the western world. Circulating natural IgM has been shown to play a significant role in reperfusion injury, leading to the notion of a pathogenic response against self by the innate immune system. A specific self-antigen (non-muscle myosin heavy chain II) was recently identified as the major target of pathogenic natural IgM. Therefore, we hypothesized that a synthetic peptide mimetope (N2) or monoclonal antibodies directed against the self-antigen would prevent specific IgM binding to the self-antigen and reduce reperfusion injury in the heart. We find that treatment with N2 peptide reduces infarct size by 47% and serum cardiac troponin-I levels by 69% following 1 h ischaemia and 24 h reperfusion. N2 peptide or an anti-N2 F(ab′)2 (21G6) is also effective at preventing IgM and complement deposition. Additionally, N2 peptide treatment significantly reduces monocyte and neutrophil infiltration at 24 h and collagen deposition at 5 days. Finally, we show that human IgM (hIgM) also includes specificity for the highly conserved self-antigen and that myocardial injury in antibody-deficient mice reconstituted with hIgM is blocked by treatment with N2 peptide or 21G6 F(ab′)2. The findings in this study identify potential therapeutics [i.e. N2 peptide or 21G6 F(ab′)2] that prevent specific IgM binding to ischaemic antigens in the heart, resulting in a significant reduction in cardiac I/R injury.
Factors affecting survival of hospitalised patients with COPD
Authors: H. Gunen, S. S. Hacievliyagil, F. Kosar, L. C. Mutlu, G. Gulbas, E. Pehlivan, I. Sahin, O. Kizkin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Factors determining in-hospital mortality and long-term survival of patients hospitalised with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are not precisely understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the parameters related to in-hospital mortality and long-term survival after hospitalisation of patients with AECOPD. Clinical and epidemiological parameters on admission in 205 consecutive patients hospitalised with AECOPD were prospectively assessed. Patients were followed-up for 3 yrs. Factors determining short- and long-term mortality were analysed. In total, 17 patients (8.3%) died in hospital. In-hospital mortality was significantly associated with lower arterial oxygen tension ( P a,O 2 ), higher carbon dioxide arterial tension, lower arterial oxygen saturation and longer hospital stay. The overall 6-month mortality rate was 24%, with 1-, 2- and 3-yr mortality rates of 33%, 39% and 49%, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that long-term mortality was associated with longer disease duration (relative risk (RR) = 1.158), lower albumin (RR = 0.411), lower P a,O 2 (RR = 0.871) and lower body mass index (RR = 0.830). When the model was run for the time elapsed since first hospitalisation, it also appeared as statistically significant (RR = 1.195). These findings show that patients hospitalised with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have poor short- and long-term survival. Prediction of survival status may be enhanced by considering arterial oxygen tension, albumin, body mass index, disease duration and time elapsed since the first hospitalisation.
Health, employment, and economic change, 1973-2009: repeated cross sectional study
Authors: J. W. Minton, K. E. Pickett, D. Dorling
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To see whether adverse relations between social class, health, and economic activity, observed between 1973 and 1993 and previously identified in a 1996 BMJ paper, were still apparent between 1994 and 2009 despite improvements in the general economic climate and overall population health.Replication of repeated cross sectional analysis from the original paper, using the same source (the General Household Survey) and occupation coding scheme, but extended from the period 1973-93 to 1973-2009, and including women as well as men.Men and women aged 20-59 years in each annual survey between 1973 and 2009.Change over time in class specific rates of employment, unemployment, and economic inactivity within subgroups of respondents.Overall employment rates have decreased for men of working age while increasing for working age women. For men in particular, the gradient of these changes seems to depend on occupational group. Over 37 years, the differences in occupational group specific economic inactivity and employment rates between people reporting and those not reporting a limiting long term illness has increased substantially.Between 1973 and 2009, the relation between good health and securing and sustaining employment has strengthened for both men and women. For men, this has been due to employment rates decreasing and economic inactivity rates increasing among men with poor health. For women, this has largely been due to a general trend of increased employment and reduced economic inactivity occurring among healthier women but not in women of poorer health. Some evidence suggests that, since 2005, the relation between health, employment, and economic inactivity for women in the top two occupational groups has become more like that for men, with poor health becoming associated with reducing employment rates.
High level of physical activity preserves the cardioprotective effect of preinfarction angina in elderly patients
Authors: Pasquale Abete, Nicola Ferrara, Francesco Cacciatore, Elio Sagnelli, Maria Manzi, Vincenzo Carnovale, Claudio Calabrese, Domenico de Santis, Gianluca Testa, Giancarlo Longobardi, Claudio Napoli, Franco Rengo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Nonrandom Chromosomal Abnormalities in Primary Uveal Melanoma
Authors: G Prescher, N Bornfeld, R Becher
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Nonrandom Chromosomal Abnormalities in Primary Uveal Melanoma Get access Gabriele Prescher, Gabriele Prescher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Norbert Bornfeld, Norbert Bornfeld Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reinhard Becher Reinhard Becher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 22, 21 November 1990, Pages 1765–1769, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.22.1765 Published: 21 November 1990 Article history Received: 21 March 1990 Revision received: 28 June 1990 Accepted: 29 August 1990 Published: 21 November 1990
Effect of different foods on the acidity of the gastric contents in patients with duodenal ulcer: Part I A comparison between two `therapeutic' diets and freely-chosen meals
Authors: J. E. Lennard-Jones, N. Babouris
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This study shows that the gastric acidity in 12 duodenal ulcer patients was no greater when they took a completely 'free-choice' diet than when they took a typical 'therapeutic' diet as conventionally advised for peptic ulcer.
CPAP and survival in moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and hypoxaemic COPD
Authors: M-C. L. Machado, W. M. Vollmer, S. M. Togeiro, A. L. Bilderback, M-V. C. Oliveira, F. S. Leitão, F. Queiroga, G. Lorenzi-Filho, J. A. Krishnan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) often coexists in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present prospective cohort study tested the effect of OSAS treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the survival of hypoxaemic COPD patients. It was hypothesised that CPAP treatment would be associated with higher survival in patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS and hypoxaemic COPD receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Prospective study participants attended two outpatient advanced lung disease LTOT clinics in São Paulo, Brazil, between January 1996 and July 2006. Of 603 hypoxaemic COPD patients receiving LTOT, 95 were diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OSAS. Of this OSAS group, 61 (64%) patients accepted and were adherent to CPAP treatment, and 34 did not accept or were not adherent and were considered not treated. The 5-yr survival estimate was 71% (95% confidence interval 53–83%) and 26% (12–43%) in the CPAP-treated and nontreated groups, respectively (p&lt;0.01). After adjusting for several confounders, patients treated with CPAP showed a significantly lower risk of death (hazard ratio of death versus nontreated 0.19 (0.08–0.48)). The present study found that CPAP treatment was associated with higher survival in patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS and hypoxaemic COPD receiving LTOT.
Pupil perimetry in the diagnosis of functional visual field loss
Authors: M S Rajan, F D Bremner, P Riordan-Eva
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

The diagnosis of functional visual loss—reduced visual performance in the absence of an organic cause—is usually made by exclusion. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate pupil perimetry in three patients (aged 14, 43 and 50) with visual field loss presumed to be functional on clinical grounds and having no cause identified by visual electro-physiology or magnetic resonance imaging. A modified automated perimeter was used to examine visual and pupil responses to a light stimulus (size 1.7°) presented at five locations in the visual field (fixation and in each of the four quadrants). In each patient, the pupil responses were normal in those test quadrants which showed apparent visual field loss. Pupil perimetry provides objective evidence for a diagnosis of functional visual field loss in selected patients and may circumvent the need for other investigations.
Prediction of Progression-Free Survival Rates After Bevacizumab Plus Interferon Versus Interferon Alone in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Comparison of a Nomogram to the Motzer Criteria
Authors: Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Maxine Sun, Joaquin Bellmunt, Vesna Sneller, Bernard Escudier
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Statistical modelling for recurrent events: an application to sports injuries
Authors: Shahid Ullah, Tim J Gabbett, Caroline F Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Injuries are often recurrent, with subsequent injuries influenced by previous occurrences and hence correlation between events needs to be taken into account when analysing such data.This paper compares five different survival models (Cox proportional hazards (CoxPH) model and the following generalisations to recurrent event data: Andersen-Gill (A-G), frailty, Wei-Lin-Weissfeld total time (WLW-TT) marginal, Prentice-Williams-Peterson gap time (PWP-GT) conditional models) for the analysis of recurrent injury data.Empirical evaluation and comparison of different models were performed using model selection criteria and goodness-of-fit statistics. Simulation studies assessed the size and power of each model fit.The modelling approach is demonstrated through direct application to Australian National Rugby League recurrent injury data collected over the 2008 playing season. Of the 35 players analysed, 14 (40%) players had more than 1 injury and 47 contact injuries were sustained over 29 matches. The CoxPH model provided the poorest fit to the recurrent sports injury data. The fit was improved with the A-G and frailty models, compared to WLW-TT and PWP-GT models.Despite little difference in model fit between the A-G and frailty models, in the interest of fewer statistical assumptions it is recommended that, where relevant, future studies involving modelling of recurrent sports injury data use the frailty model in preference to the CoxPH model or its other generalisations. The paper provides a rationale for future statistical modelling approaches for recurrent sports injury.
Trends in Alternative Medicine Use in the United States, 1990-1997
Authors: D M Eisenberg, R B Davis, S L Ettner, S Appel, S Wilkey, M Van Rompay, R C Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—A prior national survey documented the high prevalence and costs of alternative medicine use in the United States in 1990.Objective.—To document trends in alternative medicine use in the United States between 1990 and 1997.Design.—Nationally representative random household telephone surveys using comparable key questions were conducted in 1991 and 1997 measuring utilization in 1990 and 1997, respectively.Participants.—A total of 1539 adults in 1991 and 2055 in 1997.Main Outcomes Measures.—Prevalence, estimated costs, and disclosure of alternative therapies to physicians.Results.—Use of at least 1 of 16 alternative therapies during the previous year increased from 33.8% in 1990 to 42.1% in 1997 (P≤.001). The therapies increasing the most included herbal medicine, massage, megavitamins, self-help groups, folk remedies, energy healing, and homeopathy. The probability of users visiting an alternative medicine practitioner increased from 36.3% to 46.3% (P=.002). In both surveys alternative therapies were used most frequently for chronic conditions, including back problems, anxiety, depression, and headaches. There was no significant change in disclosure rates between the 2 survey years; 39.8% of alternative therapies were disclosed to physicians in 1990 vs 38.5% in 1997. The percentage of users paying entirely out-of-pocket for services provided by alternative medicine practitioners did not change significantly between 1990 (64.0%) and 1997 (58.3%) (P=.36). Extrapolations to the US population suggest a 47.3% increase in total visits to alternative medicine practitioners, from 427 million in 1990 to 629 million in 1997, thereby exceeding total visits to all US primary care physicians. An estimated 15 million adults in 1997 took prescription medications concurrently with herbal remedies and/or high-dose vitamins (18.4% of all prescription users). Estimated expenditures for alternative medicine professional services increased 45.2% between 1990 and 1997 and were conservatively estimated at $21.2 billion in 1997, with at least $12.2 billion paid out-of-pocket. This exceeds the 1997 out-of-pocket expenditures for all US hospitalizations. Total 1997 out-of-pocket expenditures relating to alternative therapies were conservatively estimated at $27.0 billion, which is comparable with the projected 1997 out-of-pocket expenditures for all US physician services.Conclusions.—Alternative medicine use and expenditures increased substantially between 1990 and 1997, attributable primarily to an increase in the proportion of the population seeking alternative therapies, rather than increased visits per patient.
Elevated Soluble Flt1 Inhibits Endothelial Repair in PR3-ANCA–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Sandrine Le Roux, Ruth J. Pepper, Alexandre Dufay, Mélanie Néel, Emmanuelle Meffray, Noël Lamandé, Marie Rimbert, Régis Josien, Mohamed Hamidou, Maryvonne Hourmant, H. Terence Cook, Béatrice Charreau, Etienne Larger, Alan D. Salama, Fadi Fakhouri
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis exhibits endothelial damage, but the capacity for vessel repair in this disorder is not well understood. Here, we observed a marked increase in serum levels of soluble Flt1 (sFlt1), a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor, in patients with active ANCA-associated vasculitis compared with patients during remission and other controls. Serum levels of sFlt1 correlated with C5a, an anaphylatoxin released after complement activation. Serum from patients with acute ANCA-associated vasculitis disrupted blood flow in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, suggesting an antiangiogenic effect. Preincubation with excess human vascular endothelial growth factor prevented this effect. Anti–proteinase-3 (PR3) mAb and serum containing PR3-ANCA from patients with active vasculitis both induced a significant and sustained release of sFlt1 from monocytes, whereas anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) mAb or polyclonal antibodies did not. However, the serum containing polyclonal PR3-ANCA did not induce release of sFlt1 from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In summary, these data suggest that anti-PR3 antibodies, and to a much lesser extent anti-MPO antibodies, increase sFlt1 during acute ANCA-associated vasculitis, leading to an antiangiogenic state that hinders endothelial repair.
Effect of Nicotinate Ester, Acetylcholine, and Other Vasodilating Agents on Cutaneous and Mesenteric Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: R. K. Winkelmann, W. Mitchell Sams, David F. Bohr
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Vasodilating agents were tested on smooth-muscle strips of small arterial blood vessels of dog and rabbit skin and mesentery, and two patterns of reaction were demonstrated. The type 1 Vasodilating agents, for example nicotinate, caused relaxation of contracted strips or blocked their contraction. The type 2 Vasodilating compounds, histamine, choline esters, and bradykinin, either caused contraction or had no effect on the vascular smooth-muscle preparation. Responses that were species specific and region specific characterize the action of type 2 vasodilators and must be accounted for in any in-vitro testing procedure for vasodilator drugs.
Inhibition of Fc-rosette formation by synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Y Hashimoto, T Morito, K Tanimoto, Y Horiuchi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Human red cells sensitized with one of the Rh antisera (Ripley) form rosettes (Fc-rosette) with human B lymphocytes and the rosettes are well inhibited by aggregated human IgG. As synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis are usually hypocomplementaemic and frequently contain immune complexes, they were used for the inhibition of Fc-rosette formations in this study. The Fc-rosette inhibitory rates were inversely correlated with the levels of CH50 and C4 in the synovial fluids. Fractionation studies of the synovial fluids by ultracentrifugation and Sephadex G200 gel filtration indicated that main inhibitory activities were present in macromolecular fractions. Reduction and alkylation of the synovial fluids resulted in marked reductions of inhibitory activities. The tested synovial fluids did not contain anti-HLA activity as assessed by the microcytotoxicity test. The Fc-rosette inhibitory rates were not correlated with the levels of C3 and immunoglobulins, nor with the activity of rheumatoid factors in the synovial fluids. These results indicate that the Fc-rosette formations are inhibited by the immune complexes contained in the synovial fluids and it was confirmed that the Fc-rosette inhibition test is a simple and sensitive method for the detection of circulating immune complexes.
The Architecture and Biological Function of Dual Antibody-Coated Dendrimers: Enhanced Control of Circulating Tumor cells and Their Hetero-Adhesion to Endothelial Cells for Metastasis Prevention
Authors: Jingjing Xie, Rongli Zhao, Songen Gu, Haiyan Dong, Jichuang Wang, Yusheng Lu, Patrick J. Sinko, Ting Yu, Fangwei Xie, Lie Wang, Jingwei Shao, Lee Jia
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

Dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood and their hetero-adhesion to vascular endothelial bed of distant metastatic secondary organs are the critical steps to initiate cancer metastasis.The rarity of CTCs made their in vivo capture technically challenging.Current techniques by virtue of nanostructured scaffolds monovalently conjugated with a single antibody and/or drug seem less efficient and specific in capturing CTCs.Here, we report a novel platform developed to re-engineer nanoscale dendrimers for capturing CTCs in blood and interfering their adhesion to vascular endothelial bed to form micrometastatic foci.The nanoscale dendrimers were spatiotemporally accommodated with dual antibodies to target two surface biomarkers of colorectal CTCs.Physiochemical characterization, including spectra, fluorescence, electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, electrophoresis, and chromatography analyses, was conducted to demonstrate the successful conjugation of dual antibodies to dendrimer surface.The dual antibody conjugates were able to specifically recognize and bind CTCs, moderately down-regulate the activity of the captured CTCs by arresting them in S phase.The related adhesion assay displayed that the dual antibody conjugates interfered the hetero-adhesion of CTCs to fibronectin (Fn)-coated substrates and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).The dual antibody conjugates also showed the enhanced specificity and efficiency in vitro and in vivo in restraining CTCs in comparison with their single antibody counterparts.The present study showed a novel means to effectively prevent cancer metastatic initiation by binding, restraining CTCs and inhibiting their hetero-adhesion to blood vessels, not by traditional cytotoxic-killing of cancer cells.
Gastric acid secretion in patients with typhoid fever.
Authors: S Bhalla, J C Vij, B S Anand, A Varghese, H K Chuttani
Journal: Gut (1985)

Gastric secretory studies were carried out in the following groups of patients: group A, 30 Salmonella typhi positive enteric patients, group B, 15 non-enteric fever patients and group C, 20 healthy controls. Patients with typhoid were divided into two subgroups on the basis of the severity of the disease: group A1 (17) consisted of uncomplicated cases of enteric fever and group A2 (13) comprised of those who had associated complications. During convalescence both groups of typhoid patients showed significantly lower basal acid output (BAO) and maximal acid output (MAO) levels compared with controls and patients with non-enteric fever. Patients in group A2 had significantly lower MAO levels compared with group A1 but the BAO levels showed no such difference. In contrast BAO and MAO levels during convalescence in patients with non-enteric fever were similar to those in the control group. After two months, there was a significant increase in both the BAO and MAO levels in groups A1 and A2. The levels in group A2, however, remained significantly lower compared with group A1, controls and patients with non-enteric fever. Histologically, the gastric mucosa did not show any significant abnormality in either group of typhoid patients. The results suggest that depressed gastric secretion is the result of enteric infection and is related to the severity of the disease process.