tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE LYMPHOCYTE IN NATURAL AND INDUCED RESISTANCE TO TRANSPLANTED CANCER
Authors: James B. Murphy, John J. Morton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

The refractory state to transplanted cancer, induced by the subcutaneous injection of defibrinated blood, is accompanied in every case by a definite lymphoid crisis in the blood. The rise of lymphocytes is not present during the interval between the immunizing injection and the cancer inoculation but comes on sharply within twenty-four hours of the introduction of the cancer graft. In control animals where the graft leads to a definite take there is no such lymphoid response, but in instances of natural immunity the phenomenon is similar to that seen in artificially induced immunity, though the period of rise is often delayed for several days or a week. The lymphoid crisis is not merely an accompanying factor in the immune period; it is essential to the process. This is demonstrated by the fact that destruction of the lymphocytes by x-ray is accompanied by the loss of natural or induced resistance to the growth of inoculated cancer. The polymorphonuclear cells show a tendency to increase in the animals with growing tumors, but further study will be necessary before any conclusions regarding them can be drawn.
Cognitive Factors Related to Suicidal Ideation and Resolution in Psychiatrically Hospitalized Children and Adolescents
Authors: Karen Dineen Wagner, Mark Rouleau, Thomas Joiner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine whether there are changes in the cognitive factors of attributional style, hopelessness, and self-esteem when suicidal ideation fades in psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents. METHOD: The cognitive factors of attributional style, hopelessness, and self-esteem were assessed in subjects aged 7–17 years (50 with and 50 without suicidal ideation) at admission and discharge from a psychiatric hospital. RESULTS: For subjects with suicidal ideation, attributional style became significantly more positive and hopelessness was decreased from admission to discharge, by which time suicidal ideation had faded. There was no association between self-esteem and suicidal ideation after control for depression. These changes in cognitive factors were not seen in the group without suicidal ideation. There were no significant differences between children and adolescents in the pattern of results. CONCLUSIONS: Change in attributional style was shown to be a factor significantly related to the resolution of suicidal ideation in children and adolescents. This cognitive style could be specifically addressed in psychotherapy with depressed children and adolescents as a means of reducing suicidal ideation. These results may have an implication for reducing the length of psychiatric inpatient stays.
Human T cell receptor V beta gene polymorphism.
Authors: P Concannon, R A Gatti, L E Hood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Southern blot hybridizations with human T cell receptor V beta gene probes were used to determine the sizes of the various V beta gene subfamilies. An analysis of DNA samples from 100 unrelated individuals identified a single individual who lacked one V beta gene segment. A second individual had an apparently different repertoire of V beta gene segments in one subfamily, as assayed by hybridization, possibly due to a gene conversion event. An analysis with four restriction enzymes of DNA from 30 consanguineous donors detected restriction fragment length polymorphisms associated with 12 of 14 V beta gene segment subfamilies examined. In an analysis of DNAs from a large panel of unrelated individuals, some alleles at these loci were found to be in linkage disequilibrium, indicating a potentially close physical linkage. The segregation of three polymorphisms, two associated with V beta gene segment loci and one associated with the C beta genes, was compatible with Mendelian inheritance, and demonstrated that highly informative haplotypes could be generated. The high degree of polymorphism observed in the human T cell receptor beta chain complex should allow exploration of possible associations between T cell receptor genes and inherited diseases involving the immune system.
Risk factors for patellar tendinopathy: a review of the literature
Authors: H van der Worp, M van Ark, S D Roerink, G J Pepping, I van den Akker-Scheek, J Zwerver
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is an injury which has a high prevalence in sports, especially in those involving jumping. Because successful treatment of PT remains challenging, prevention is of utmost importance. Before effective prevention programs can be developed, it is important to identify the risk factors that play a role in the development of this injury. Objective The aim of this study was to review the literature and to identify risk factors associated with PT. Design Systematic review of the literature. Setting A search of the Pubmed, EMBASE and AMED databases was conducted to identify studies. Studies were included in the systematic review if they contained: (1) empirical research that investigated factors associated with PT; and (2) a patient group with PT and a comparison group (or tested for differences across groups in a cross-sectional survey). Assessment of risk factors The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with a methodological quality assessment list. A strength of evidence criterion was used to identify risk factors. This criterion took into account the percentage of studies that found an association for a factor and the methodological quality of these studies. Results 11 studies were included in the review investigating over 40 potential risk factors. The overall methodological quality score of the studies was low. Potential risk factors were categorised in four groups; demographics, anthropometrics, sports related factors and strength/flexibility. The present review found evidence for two risk factors for PT: waist-to-hip ratio and hip and knee flexibility. Conclusion Waist-to-hip ratio and hip and knee flexibility were identified as risk factors for PT. There is a clear need for high quality studies in order to identify the exact risk factors associated with PT.
Morning-evening changes in airway responsiveness to methacholine in normal and asthmatic subjects: analysis using partial flow-volume curves.
Authors: R W Heaton, M K Gillett, P D Snashall
Journal: Thorax (1988)

In eight normal and eight asthmatic subjects airway responsiveness to methacholine was measured by means of partial flow-volume loops at 0800 and 1800 hours on the same day. Airway responsiveness was lower in the evening in both normal and asthmatic subjects.
Heat Shock Protein 60 Is Released in Immune-Mediated Glomerulonephritis and Aggravates Disease
Authors: Andreas Lang, Dirk Benke, Frank Eitner, Daniel Engel, Svenja Ehrlich, Minka Breloer, Emma Hamilton-Williams, Sabine Specht, Achim Hoerauf, Ju[Combining Diaeresis]rgen Floege, Arne von Bonin, Christian Kurts
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

<h3>Background and objective</h3> Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) during the first few days of life can be used to assess brain injury in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) for outcome prediction. The goal of this review was to identify specific white matter tracts of interest that can be quantified by DTI as being altered in neonates with this condition, and to investigate its potential prognostic ability. <h3>Methods</h3> Searches of Medline and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were conducted to identify studies with diffusion data collected in term-born neonates with NE. <h3>Results</h3> 19 studies were included which described restricted diffusion in encephalopathic neonates as compared with healthy controls, with the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum identified as particular regions of interest. Restricted diffusion was related to adverse outcomes in the studies that conducted a follow-up of these infants. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Obtaining diffusion measures in these key white matter tracts early in life before pseudonormalisation can occur can not only identify the extent of the damage but also can be used to examine the effectiveness of treatment and to predict neurodevelopmental outcome.
Mindfulness Training as an Intervention for Fibromyalgia: Evidence of Postintervention and 3-Year Follow-Up Benefits in Well-Being
Authors: Paul Grossman, Ulrike Tiefenthaler-Gilmer, Annette Raysz, Ulrike Kesper
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) proposes a systematic program for reduction of suffering associated with a wide range of medical conditions. Studies suggest improvements in general aspects of well-being, including quality of life (QoL), coping and positive affect, as well as decreased anxiety and depression. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A quasi-experimental study examined effects of an 8-week MBSR intervention among 58 female patients with fibromyalgia (mean, 52 ± 8 years) who underwent MBSR or an active social support procedure. Participants were assigned to groups by date of entry, and 6 subjects dropped out during the study. Self-report measures were validated German inventories and included the following scales: visual analog pain, pain perception, coping with pain, a symptom checklist and QoL. Pre- and postintervention measurements were made. Additionally, a 3-year follow-up was carried out on a subgroup of 26 participants. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Pre- to postintervention analyses indicated MBSR to provide significantly greater benefits than the control intervention on most dimensions, including visual analog pain, QoL subscales, coping with pain, anxiety, depression and somatic complaints (Cohen d effect size, 0.40–1.10). Three-year follow-up analyses of MBSR participants indicated sustained benefits for these same measures (effect size, 0.50–0.65). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Based upon a quasi-randomized trial and long-term observational follow-up, results indicate mindfulness intervention to be of potential long-term benefit for female fibromyalgia patients.
Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Social Support and Risk for Major Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Opposite-Sex Twin Pairs
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, John Myers, Carol A. Prescott
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: Compared to men, women have larger and more intimate social networks and higher rates of major depression. Prior studies have suggested that women are more sensitive to the depressogenic effects of low social support, but most of these studies had substantial methodologic limitations. METHOD: In two interview waves at least 1 year apart, 1,057 pairs of opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs ascertained from a population-based register were assessed. The authors predicted risk of major depression in the year before the wave 2 interview from levels of social support assessed at wave 1. RESULTS: Women reported higher levels of global social support than their twin brothers. Global social support at wave 1 predicted risk for major depression at wave 2 significantly more strongly in female than in male members of these pairs, and the same effect was seen when the analysis controlled for the history of major depression in the year prior to wave 1. Women were more sensitive than men to the depressogenic effects of low levels of social support, particularly from the co-twin, other relatives, parents, and spouses. Levels of social support did not explain the sex difference in risk for major depression. CONCLUSIONS: Emotionally supportive social relationships are substantially more protective against major depression for women than for men. While these effects cannot explain sex effects on the prevalence of major depression, they do suggest important sex differences in pathways of risk. Clarification of the nature of the causal links between low social support and depression in women is needed.
The chronometrics of confirmation bias: Evidence for the inhibition of intuitive judgements
Authors: Edward J. N. Stupple, Linden J. Ball
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Mercier &amp; Sperber (M&amp;S) claim that the phenomenon of belief bias – which they consider to be an archetypal manifestation of a general confirmation bias in human reasoning – provides fundamental support for their argumentative theory and its basis in intuitive judgement. We propose that chronometric evidence necessitates a more nuanced account of belief bias that is not readily captured by argumentative theory.
Cultured rat mesothelial cells generate hydrogen peroxide
Authors: A Shostak, E Pivnik, L Gotloib
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

This study was designed to examine whether rat peritoneal mesothelial cells in culture could generate hydrogen peroxide in different experimental conditions. Mesothelial cells, incubated in M-199, spontaneously released hydrogen peroxide. This process was significantly increased by addition of phorbol myristate acetate, as well as of superoxide dismutase to the medium, whereas it was substantially inhibited by catalase. Exposure of mesothelial cells to modified M-199 medium with 1.5% glucose concentration-lactated peritoneal dialysis solution did not seem to interfere either with the spontaneous release of hydrogen peroxide, or with that induced by phorbol myristate acetate. Furthermore, exposure of mesothelial cells to the glucose (4.25%) peritoneal dialysis solution in Medium M-199, was coincident with increased hydrogen peroxide generation, which was significantly higher than the spontaneous release, and not far from that observed with phorbol myristate acetate and superoxide dismutase. So far, it can be inferred from this evidence that peritoneal mesothelial cells in culture are not only endowed with the capability of producing hydrogen peroxide, but they can also be activated to do so in a way comparable to that observed in neutrophils and macrophages. This attribute is one more indication that mesothelial cells play a relevant role in the peritoneal mechanism of defense against infection. On the other hand, continuous exposure of mesothelial cells to glucose-enriched fluids, as occurs in clinical continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, may well also be at the origin of a process of continuous injury, resulting from an increased hydrogen peroxide generation.
Lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis: mucosal T cell immunity of the rectum associated with chlamydial clearance and clinical recovery
Authors: C van Nieuwkoop, J Gooskens, V T H B M Smit, E C J Claas, R A van Hogezand, A C M Kroes, F P Kroon
Journal: Gut (2007)

evolution, thereby accelerating progression to cancer. 9 10These findings have practical con- sequences for surveillance strategies in PJS patients.Removal of the gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps may not necessarily reduce cancer risk.
Regular Aerobic Exercise Prevents and Restores Age-Related Declines in Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Healthy Men
Authors: Christopher A. DeSouza, Linda F. Shapiro, Christopher M. Clevenger, Frank A. Dinenno, Kevin D. Monahan, Hirofumi Tanaka, Douglas R. Seals
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —In sedentary humans endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired with advancing age contributing to their increased cardiovascular risk, whereas endurance-trained adults demonstrate lower age-related risk. We determined the influence of regular aerobic exercise on the age-related decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Methods and Results —In a cross-sectional study, 68 healthy men 22 to 35 or 50 to 76 years of age who were either sedentary or endurance exercise–trained were studied. Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Among the sedentary men, the maximum FBF response to acetylcholine was 25% lower in the middle aged and older compared with the young group ( P &lt;0.01). In contrast, there was no age-related difference in the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine among the endurance-trained men. FBF at the highest acetylcholine dose was almost identical in the middle aged and older (17.3±1.3 mL/100 mL tissue per minute) and young (17.7±1.4 mL/100 mL tissue per minute) endurance-trained groups. There were no differences in the FBF responses to sodium nitroprusside among the sedentary and endurance- trained groups. In an exercise intervention study, 13 previously sedentary middle aged and older healthy men completed a 3-month, home-based aerobic exercise intervention (primarily walking). After the exercise intervention, acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation increased ≈30% ( P &lt;0.01) to levels similar to those in young adults and middle aged and older endurance-trained men. Conclusions —Our results indicate that regular aerobic exercise can prevent the age-associated loss in endothelium-dependent vasodilation and restore levels in previously sedentary middle aged and older healthy men. This may represent an important mechanism by which regular aerobic exercise lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease in this population.
Antenatal betamethasone and incidence of neonatal respiratory distress after elective caesarean section: pragmatic randomised trial
Authors: Peter Stutchfield, Rhiannon Whitaker, Ian Russell
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To test whether steroids reduce respiratory distress in babies born by elective caesarean section at term. <b>Design</b> Multicentre pragmatic randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> 10 maternity units. <b>Participants</b> 998 consenting women randomised at decision to deliver by elective caesarean section; 503 randomised to treatment group. <b>Interventions</b> The treatment group received two intramuscular doses of 12 mg betamethasone in the 48 hours before delivery. The control group received treatment as usual. <b>Outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was admission to special care baby unit with respiratory distress. Secondary outcomes were severity of respiratory distress and level of care in response. <b>Results</b> Sex, birth weight, and gestation were not different between the two groups. Of the 35 babies admitted to special baby units with respiratory distress, 24 were in the control group and 11 in the intervention group (P = 0.02). The incidence of admission with respiratory distress was 0.051 in the control group and 0.024 in the treatment group (relative risk 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.93). The incidence of transient tachypnoea of the newborn was 0.040 in the control group and 0.021 in the treatment group (0.54, 0.26 to 1.12). The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was 0.011 in the control group and 0.002 in the treatment group (0.21, 0.03 to 1.32). <b>Conclusions</b> Antenatal betamethasone and delaying delivery until 39 weeks both reduce admissions to special care baby units with respiratory distress after elective caesarean section at term.
Quantum Dot Enabled Molecular Sensing and Diagnostics
Authors: Yi Zhang, Tza-Huei Wang
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

Since its emergence, semiconductor nanoparticles known as quantum dots (QDs) have drawn considerable attention and have quickly extended their applicability to numerous fields within the life sciences.This is largely due to their unique optical properties such as high brightness and narrow emission band as well as other advantages over traditional organic fluorophores.New molecular sensing strategies based on QDs have been developed in pursuit of high sensitivity, high throughput, and multiplexing capabilities.For traditional biological applications, QDs have already begun to replace traditional organic fluorophores to serve as simple fluorescent reporters in immunoassays, microarrays, fluorescent imaging applications, and other assay platforms.In addition, smarter, more advanced QD probes such as quantum dot fluorescence resonance energy transfer (QD-FRET) sensors, quenching sensors, and barcoding systems are paving the way for highly-sensitive genetic and epigenetic detection of diseases, multiplexed identification of infectious pathogens, and tracking of intracellular drug and gene delivery.When combined with microfluidics and confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, the detection limit is further enhanced to single molecule level.Recently, investigations have revealed that QDs participate in series of new phenomena and exhibit interesting non-photoluminescent properties.Some of these new findings are now being incorporated into novel assays for gene copy number variation (CNV) studies and DNA methylation analysis with improved quantification resolution.Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the latest developments of QD based molecular diagnostic platforms in which QD plays a versatile and essential role.
Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnoea in an elderly French population
Authors: E. Sforza, F. Chouchou, P. Collet, V. Pichot, J.C. Barthélémy, F. Roche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) affects females and males differently, and increases in prevalence with age. The aim of the present study was to characterise clinical, anthropometric and polygraphic sex differences in a large elderly OSA population. A total of 641 subjects aged 68 yrs were examined. Measurements of fat mass, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and polygraphy, were obtained in all subjects. An apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) of &gt;15 events·h −1 identified the presence of OSA. OSA was diagnosed in 57% of the sample, 34% having a mild form and 23% having an AHI of &gt;30 events·h −1 . Females with OSA exhibited a lower AHI, less severe hypoxaemia and greater peripheral fat mass, and frequently reported anxiety and depression. Comparison of females with and without OSA did not reveal significant differences in clinical, anthropometric and DEXA data. After adjustment for body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, anxiety and depression, logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of hypertension was significantly associated with OSA risk in females (OR 1.52, p = 0.04). In a general community healthy population, the prevalence of undiagnosed OSA in females increases with age, with a risk similar to that in males. In females, the clinical spectrum, anthropometric data and fat distribution appear to be more sex-related than OSA-dependent. The occurrence of OSA contributes to hypertensive risk in elderly females.