tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic Approaches for Chemosensitization of Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: James J. Steinhardt, Ronald B. Gartenhaus
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract Summary: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with the greatest challenge for improving patient survival being the management of chemorefractory disease upon relapse. Epigenetic dysregulation has been correlated with more-aggressive malignancies and chemoresistance. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Clozel and colleagues show the potential for low-dose DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as both a rational and an effective neoadjuvant approach for chemosensitization in DLBCL. Cancer Discov; 3(9); 968–70. ©2013 AACR. See related article by Clozel et al., p. 1002
The effect of azelaic acid on acne
Authors: J.R. Marsden, Sam Shuster
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article The effect of azelaic acid on acne Get access J.R. Marsden, J.R. Marsden Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sam Shuster Sam Shuster Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 109, Issue 6, 1 December 1983, Pages 723–724, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb00560.x Published: 01 December 1983
Amlodipine increases cyclosporine levels in hypertensive renal transplant patients
Authors: T E Pesavento, P A Jones, B A Julian, J J Curtis
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Calcium channel blockers (CCB) are considered the agents of choice to treat hypertension in cyclosporine (CsA)-treated renal transplant patients. Verapamil, diltiazem, and nicardipine, but not nifedipine or isradipine, can significantly increase CsA levels. The effect of a new CCB, amlodipine, has not been established. However, some hospitals are routinely switching patients to amlodipine from other CCB for reasons of cost. A case of a man with stable CsA levels who developed significantly increased CsA levels after being changed to amlodipine is presented along with a prospective trial to formally examine this issue. Eleven hypertensive, CsA-treated renal transplant patients were placed on amlodipine for an average of 6.9 wk and later withdrawn. Three measurements of CsA trough level, blood pressure, serum creatinine concentration, and BUN were obtained at baseline, during treatment with amlodipine, and after withdrawal of amlodipine. CsA levels on amlodipine increased an average of 40% above baseline (P = 0.003) and decreased to baseline (P = 0.001) after amlodipine was withdrawn, despite no significant change in CsA dose. Additionally, there was no change in serum creatinine, BUN, or mean arterial pressure values. Amlodipine can increase CsA levels
Can Clinicians Recognize DSM-IV Personality Disorders From Five-Factor Model Descriptions of Patient Cases?
Authors: Benjamin M Rottman, Woo-Kyoung Ahn, Charles A Sanislow, Nancy S Kim
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: This article examined, using theories from cognitive science, the clinical utility of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of Personality, an assessment and classification system under consideration for integration into the forthcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders. Specifically, the authors sought to test whether FFM descriptors are specific enough to allow practicing clinicians to capture core features of personality disorders. Method: In two studies, a large nationwide sample of clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and clinical social workers (N=187 and N=191) were presented case profiles based on symptom formats from either the DSM-IV and/or FFM. Ratings for six aspects of clinical utility for DSM-IV and FFM profiles were obtained and participants provided DSM-IV diagnoses. Prototypic cases (only one personality disorder) and comorbid cases were tested in separate studies. Results: Participants rated the DSM-IV as more clinically useful than the FFM on five out of six clinical utility questions. Despite demonstrating considerable background knowledge of DSM-IV diagnoses, participants had difficulty identifying correct diagnoses from FFM profiles. Conclusion: The FFM descriptors may be more ambiguous than the criteria of the DSM-IV and the FFM may therefore be less able to convey important clinical details than the DSM-IV. The findings flag challenges to clinical utility for dimensional-trait systems such as the FFM.
β-Cell Transplantation Restores Metabolic Control and Quality of Life in a Patient With Subcutaneous Insulin Resistance
Authors: Pieter Gillard, Zhidong Ling, Matthias Lannoo, Bart Maes, Geert Maleux, Daniel Pipeleers, Bart Keymeulen, Chantal Mathieu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Islet cell transplantation can achieve good metabolic control in type 1 diabetic patients (1–4) and may therefore delay or prevent the development of chronic complications when graft function can be maintained long term. A β-cell implant can also generate preliminary benefits in avoiding hypoglycemic episodes, which is particularly useful in patients with frequent episodes of hypoglycemia and with hypoglycemic unawareness. We now report another immediate benefit in restoring insulin action in patients with subcutaneous insulin resistance.

The patient developed type 1 diabetes at age 24 years. Subcutaneous insulin therapy initially achieved acceptable glycemic control (average insulin dose 30 IU/day, HbA1c 7% [normal range 4–6%]; HPLC; Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden). However, 1 year after diagnosis, a state of insulin resistance progressively developed with difficulty controlling hyperglycemia despite the use of excessively high doses of insulin (>400 IU/day). During hospitalization, this resistance was correlated with subcutaneous insulin administration; it disappeared within 2–3 h after starting intravenous insulin therapy and reappeared within 1 day after returning to the subcutaneous route. Measurements of insulin levels confirmed low insulin resorption from subcutaneous injection sites, whereas adding aprotinin to the insulin preparation did not improve insulin absorption. There was no evidence for a condition of pseudoresistance …
Evolution of Glutamine Synthetase in Heterokonts: Evidence for Endosymbiotic Gene Transfer and the Early Evolution of Photosynthesis
Authors: D. L. Robertson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Although the endosymbiotic evolution of chloroplasts through primary and secondary associations is well established, the evolutionary timing and stability of the secondary endosymbiotic events is less well resolved. Heterokonts include both photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic members and the nonphotosynthetic lineages branch basally in phylogenetic reconstructions. Molecular and morphological data indicate that heterokont chloroplasts evolved via a secondary endosymbiosis, involving a heterotrophic host cell and a photosynthetic ancestor of the red algae and this endosymbiotic event may have preceded the divergence of heterokonts and alveolates. If photosynthesis evolved early in this lineage, nuclear genomes of the nonphotosynthetic groups may contain genes that are not essential to photosynthesis but were derived from the endosymbiont genome through gene transfer. These genes offer the potential to trace the evolutionary history of chloroplast gains and losses within these lineages.
The relation between fungal propagules in indoor air and home characteristics
Authors: P. Ren, T. M. Jankun, K. Belanger, M. B. Bracken, B. P. Leaderer
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Questionnaires are commonly used in epidemiologic studies to obtain information about house characteristics in order to predict the household aeroallergen exposure levels. However, the reliability of the predictions made with the questionnaires has not been evaluated. To address this issue, we compared objectively measured fungal propagules including the most frequently isolated mold genera (i.e., Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, etc.) in a large sample of homes and compared these measured values to the questionnaire-determined household characteristics.As part of a prospective cohort study on the relation between residential allergen exposure and development of asthma in neonates, fungal air samples were collected from infant bedrooms and main living areas in 1000 homes in the Northeast USA, from December 1996 to January 1999. A Burkard portable air sampler was used in combination with DG-18 and MEA agars. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on host and house characteristics that may have an impact on the presence of fungal propagules in the air. This included information on observation of moisture problems (e.g., water leakage or damage, and mold or mildew growth), ventilation and heating facilities, building age and type, number of occupants, annual household income, presence of pets and pests, cleaning regimens, etc.The number of CFU/m3 air collected on MEA was significantly higher than on DG-18 (means, respectively, 1033.5 and 846.0 CFU/m3) (P < 0.0005). However, there was no significant difference between the numbers of CFU/m3 air collected from the main living area and from the infant bedroom. There was only a very weak relationship between the house characteristics, as described by questionnaire, and the presence of fungal propagules in indoor air. Only the temperature, relative humidity, season, and cats inside homes had a statistically significant impact on the presence of fungal propagules in indoor air.The presence of fungal propagules in indoor air cannot be reliably predicted by home characteristics. Actual measurements are required for fungal exposure assessment, and the use of only one medium to collect samples in one location in a home might be adequate to represent residential levels of fungi in indoor air.
Nomogram for Predicting the Benefit of Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Resected Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Samuel J. Wang, Andrew Lemieux, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer, Celine B. Ord, Gary V. Walker, C. David Fuller, Jong-Sung Kim, Charles R. Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose Although adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for resected gallbladder cancer may improve survival for some patients, identifying which patients will benefit remains challenging because of the rarity of this disease. The specific aim of this study was to create a decision aid to help make individualized estimates of the potential survival benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with resected gallbladder cancer. Methods Patients with resected gallbladder cancer were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) –Medicare database who were diagnosed between 1995 and 2005. Covariates included age, race, sex, stage, and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Propensity score weighting was used to balance covariates between treated and untreated groups. Several types of multivariate survival regression models were constructed and compared, including Cox proportional hazards, Weibull, exponential, log-logistic, and lognormal models. Model performance was compared using the Akaike information criterion. The primary end point was overall survival with or without adjuvant chemotherapy or CRT. Results A total of 1,137 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. The lognormal survival model showed the best performance. A Web browser–based nomogram was built from this model to make individualized estimates of survival. The model predicts that certain subsets of patients with at least T2 or N1 disease will gain a survival benefit from adjuvant CRT, and the magnitude of benefit for an individual patient can vary. Conclusion A nomogram built from a parametric survival model from the SEER-Medicare database can be used as a decision aid to predict which gallbladder patients may benefit from adjuvant CRT.
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Sudden-Onset Sleep in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Douglas E. Hobson, Anthony E. Lang, W. R. Wayne Martin, Ajmal Razmy, Jean Rivest, Jonathan Fleming
Journal: JAMA (2002)

HE NEW NON-ERGOT DOPAmine agonists ropinirole and pramipexole are effective options for treating Parkinson disease (PD). 1 Recently published data 2,3 supporting the potential of delaying the onset of dyskinesias have provided a strong incentive to use the medications as monotherapy early in this disease.Somnolence is a recognized adverse effect of dopamine agonists. 4The safety of driving while taking these medications has become the subject of recent debate.Frucht et al 5 made the observation that patients taking the new agonists may experience what they termed "sleep attacks" (sudden, irresistible, overwhelming sleepiness without awareness of falling asleep) leading to automobile collisions.Since this publication, there has been an explosion of reports of somnolence or sleep attacks with pramipexole, 6-8 ropinirole, 7-10 pergolide, 8,11,12 bromocriptine, 11,13,14 carbergoline, 8 apomorphine, 15 lisuride, 11,13 piribedil, 11 levodopa, 3,13,14 tolcapone, 8 and entacapone. 8,14Ola-
Therapy-induced <i>PML/RARA</i> Proteolysis and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cure
Authors: Rihab Nasr, Valérie Lallemand-Breitenbach, Jun Zhu, Marie-Claude Guillemin, Hugues de Thé
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a specific t(15;17) chromosomal translocation that yields the PML/RARA fusion gene. Clinically, besides chemotherapy, two drugs induce clinical remissions: retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide (As). Both agents directly target PML/RARA-mediated transcriptional repression and protein stability, inducing to various extent promyelocyte differentiation and clinical remission of APL patients. RA targets the RARA moiety of the fusion, whereas arsenic targets its PML part. PML/RARA expression in the mouse is sufficient to initiate APL. The RA-As association, which synergizes for PML/RARA degradation but not for differentiation, rapidly clears leukemia initiating cells (LIC), resulting in APL eradication in murine APL models, but also in several APL clinical trials. Cyclic AMP triggered PML/RARA phosphorylation also enhances RA-induced APL regression, PML/RARA degradation, and LIC clearance, raising new options for therapy-resistant patients. Although differentiation has a major role in debulking of the tumor, PML/RARA degradation seems to be the primary basis for APL eradication by the RA-As association. Oncoprotein degradation could be a general therapeutic strategy that may be extended beyond APL.
Can Adoption of Regular Exercise Later in Life Prevent Metabolic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Robert John Petrella, Chastity Nina Lattanzio, Amy Demeray, Vincent Varallo, Rachel Blore
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the impact of chronic exercise training initiated later in life upon development of metabolic markers of cardiovascular disease risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Two inception cohorts of previously sedentary healthy adults aged 55–75 years at baseline (1989), one initiating regular supervised physical exercise training and the other a geographical similar sedentary control, were assessed for anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical markers of the metabolic syndrome and comorbidity over 10 years. RESULTS—At baseline, active individuals aged 68 years compared with sedentary individuals aged 67 years had similar fitness levels (5.7 vs. 5.8 metabolic equivalents). At follow-up, complete data were obtained for 161 active and 136 sedentary subjects. Drop out occurred primarily because of failure to adhere to the exercise regimen and poor physical health for active and sedentary individuals, respectively. More metabolic abnormalities were seen in the sedentary group than in the active group for one or two (64 vs. 36%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and three or more (35 vs. 22%, P &amp;lt; 0.003) abnormalities, respectively. In those assessed at follow-up, the sedentary group compared with the active group had lower fitness levels (5.0 [13.8% decrease] vs. 5.9 [3.5% increase] metabolic equivalents), had a greater likelihood of a positive exercise electrocardiogram or symptom (32 vs. 10%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and had more comorbid conditions (Charlson Comorbidity Index score 0.9 vs. 0.4, P &amp;lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS—Higher fitness achieved over 10 years of regular exercise training in older adults was associated with reduced development of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease, fewer exercise-induced cardiac abnormalities, and reduced comorbidity.
Quartet-Based Phylogenetic Inference: Improvements and Limits
Authors: Vincent Ranwez, Olivier Gascuel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

We analyze the performance of quartet methods in phylogenetic reconstruction. These methods first compute four-taxon trees (4-trees) and then use a combinatorial algorithm to infer a phylogeny that respects the inferred 4-trees as much as possible. Quartet puzzling (QP) is one of the few methods able to take weighting of the 4-trees, which is inferred by maximum likelihood, into account. QP seems to be widely used. We present weight optimization (WO), a new algorithm which is also based on weighted 4-trees. WO is faster and offers better theoretical guarantees than QP. Moreover, computer simulations indicate that the topological accuracy of WO is less dependent on the shape of the correct tree. However, although the performance of WO is better overall than that of QP, it is still less efficient than traditional phylogenetic reconstruction approaches based on pairwise evolutionary distances or maximum likelihood. This is likely related to long-branch attraction, a phenomenon to which quartet methods are very sensitive, and to inappropriate use of the initial results (weights) obtained by maximum likelihood for every quartet.
Chemosensitization of Cancer <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> by Nitric Oxide Signaling
Authors: Lisa J. Frederiksen, Richard Sullivan, Lori R. Maxwell, Shannyn K. Macdonald-Goodfellow, Michael A. Adams, Brian M. Bennett, D. Robert Siemens, Charles H. Graham
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Hypoxia contributes to drug resistance in solid cancers, and studies have revealed that low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) mimetics attenuate hypoxia-induced drug resistance in tumor cells in vitro. Classic NO signaling involves activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase, generation of cyclic GMP (cGMP), and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Here, we determined whether chemosensitization by NO mimetics requires cGMP-dependent signaling and whether low concentrations of NO mimetics can chemosensitize tumors in vivo. Experimental Design: Survival of human prostate and breast cancer cells was assessed by clonogenic assays following exposure to chemotherapeutic agents. The effect of NO mimetics on tumor chemosensitivity in vivo was determined using a mouse xenograft model of human prostate cancer. Drug efflux in vitro was assessed by measuring intracellular doxorubicin-associated fluorescence. Results: Low concentrations of the NO mimetics glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and isosorbide dinitrate attenuated hypoxia-induced resistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Similar to hypoxia-induced drug resistance, inhibition of various components of the NO signaling pathway increased resistance to doxorubicin, whereas activation of the pathway with 8-bromo-cGMP attenuated hypoxia-induced resistance. Drug efflux was unaffected by hypoxia and inhibitors of drug efflux did not significantly attenuate hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. Compared with mice treated with doxorubicin alone, tumor growth was decreased in mice treated with doxorubicin and a transdermal GTN patch. The presence of GTN and GTN metabolites in plasma samples was confirmed by gas chromatography. Conclusion: Tumor hypoxia induces resistance to anticancer drugs by interfering with endogenous NO signaling and reactivation of NO signaling represents a novel approach to enhance chemotherapy.
Health Assessment Questionnaire modifications: is standardisation needed?
Authors: M M Zandbelt, P M J Welsing, A M van Gestel, P L C M van Riel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Physical disability is part of the end point measures in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ DI) is often used for this purpose but lacks international uniformity owing to variations in the translated and adapted questionnaires and variations in its calculation. To study the consequences of these variations the previous Dutch HAQ (HAQ90) was revised, resulting in a new Dutch HAQ (HAQ99).To compare DI scores from the two versions, and to study the consequences of applying different calculation methods for the DI score.78 patients completed both the HAQ99 and the HAQ90. To compare the use of different category score calculation methods a post hoc analysis on prospectively collected data obtained in clinical trials was performed.No statistically significant differences were observed between the DI scores of the HAQ90 and the HAQ99 using the alternative method (that is, without correcting for aid and devices). However, correcting for the use of aid or devices or not did result in statistically significant different DI scores. The systematic shift when using the maximum or mean item score for calculation of the category score resulted in non-comparable absolute DI scores.The use of HAQ DI questionnaires with different numbers of items and/or categories does not hinder international comparability, except when these variations interfere with the calculation method of the DI (as in the case of questionnaires without a section correcting for devices). For the sake of international uniformity the HAQ or any validated translation should be used and calculated in a standard way, including correcting for the use of aid and devices, and taking the maximum within each category as the category score.
CYTOCHROME 2C19 POLYMORPHISM AND RESPONSE TO ADJUNCTIVE CILOSTAZOL VERSUS HIGH MAINTENANCE-DOSE CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Young-Hoon Jeong, Seok-Jae Hwang, Yongwhi Park, In-Suk Kim, Choong Hwan Kwak, Jin-Yong Hwang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Galectin Labeling of Cells from Paraffinized Tissues May Serve as a Diagnostic Tool in the Detection and Classification of Thyroid Carcinomas
Authors: Rebeca Palacios-Corona, Francisco González-Salazar, Ricardo M. Cerda-Flores, Javier Vargas-Villarreal, Eduardo González-Murillo, Hugo Gutiérrez-Hermosillo, Hugo Gómez-Rueda, Lorena Tamez-Peña, Gerardo Rivera-Silva, Héctor Eloy Tamez-Pérez
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2012)