tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of hypercapnic respiratory failure with a novel extracorporeal CO2 removal system
Authors: Nausherwan Burki, Raj Mani, Felix Herth, Werner Schmidt, Helmut Teschler, Frank Bonin, Heinrich Becker, Winfried Randerath, Sven Stieglitz, Lars Hagmeyer, Christina Priegnitz, Michael Pfeifer, Stefan Blaas, Christian Putensen, Nils Theuerkauf, Michael Quintel, Onnen Moerer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background : Extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R), a potentially valuable technique, has not been systematically evaluated in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure. We describe the application of a novel single venous catheter, low blood flow, ECCO2R device (Hemolung® Respiratory Assist System, ALung Technologies, Inc.).

Methods : Twenty three hypercapnic patients received ECCO2R. Group 1 (n=7) consisted of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease on noninvasive ventilation with a high likelihood of requiring invasive ventilation, Group 2 (n=2) were patients who could not be weaned from noninvasive ventilation, Group 3 (n=11) were patients who could not be weaned from invasive ventilation, and Group 4 (n=3) were patients on invasive ventilation requiring lung protective ventilation techniques.

Results: The device was well tolerated, with complications and rates similar to those seen with central venous catheterization. Blood flow through the system was 430.5±73.7 ml/min, and ECCO2R was 82.5±15.6 ml/min. Invasive ventilation was avoided in all patients in Group 1 and both patients in Group 2 were weaned; PaCO2 decreased significantly (p<0.003) with application of the device. In Group 3, three patients were weaned, in 3 patients ventilatory support was reduced, and one patient died due to a retroperitoneal bleed following catheterization. In Group 4, lung protective ventilation was enhanced by the ECCO2R device.

Conclusions: This single catheter, low blood flow ECCO2R system provided clinically useful levels of CO2 removal in these hypercapnic patients. The system appears to be a potentially valuable additional modality for the treatment of hypercapnic respiratory failure.
Studying the Effectiveness of Palliative Care—Reply
Authors: Camilla Zimmermann
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neuregulin Autocrine Signaling Promotes Self-Renewal of Breast Tumor-Initiating Cells by Triggering HER2/HER3 Activation
Authors: Cleo Yi-Fang Lee, Yuan Lin, Scott V. Bratman, Weiguo Feng, Angera H. Kuo, Ferenc A. Scheeren, Jesse M. Engreitz, Sushama Varma, Robert B. West, Maximilian Diehn
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Currently, only patients with HER2-positive tumors are candidates for HER2-targeted therapies. However, recent clinical observations suggest that the survival of patients with HER2-low breast cancers, who lack HER2 amplification, may benefit from adjuvant therapy that targets HER2. In this study, we explored a mechanism through which these benefits may be obtained. Prompted by the hypothesis that HER2/HER3 signaling in breast tumor-initiating cells (TIC) promotes self-renewal and survival, we obtained evidence that neuregulin 1 (NRG1) produced by TICs promotes their proliferation and self-renewal in HER2-low tumors, including in triple-negative breast tumors. Pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR, HER2, or both receptors reduced breast TIC survival and self-renewal in vitro and in vivo and increased TIC sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Through a tissue microarray analysis, we found that NRG1 expression and associated HER2 activation occurred in a subset of HER2-low breast cancers. Our results offer an explanation for why HER2 inhibition blocks the growth of HER2-low breast tumors. Moreover, they argue that dual inhibition of EGFR and HER2 may offer a useful therapeutic strategy to target TICs in these tumors. In generating a mechanistic rationale to apply HER2-targeting therapies in patients with HER2-low tumors, this work shows why these therapies could benefit a considerably larger number of patients with breast cancer than they currently reach.
Insulin-Dependent Leptin Expression in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Viviana Bartella, Sandra Cascio, Elena Fiorio, Alessandra Auriemma, Antonio Russo, Eva Surmacz
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Pathologic conditions associated with hyperinsulinemia, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, seem to increase the risk of breast cancer. Here, we studied molecular mechanisms by which insulin activates the expression of leptin, an obesity hormone that has been shown to promote breast cancer progression in an autocrine or paracrine way. Using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we found that (a) insulin stimulated leptin mRNA and protein expression, which was associated with increased activation of the leptin gene promoter; (b) insulin increased nuclear accumulation of transcription factors hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and Sp1 and their loading on the leptin promoter; (c) small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of either HIF-1alpha or Sp1 significantly down-regulated insulin-induced leptin mRNA and protein expression; further inhibition of leptin expression was observed under the combined HIF-1alpha and Sp1 siRNA treatment; (d) inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI-3K) pathways significantly, albeit partially, decreased insulin-dependent leptin mRNA and protein expression, which coincided with reduced association of HIF-1alpha and/or Sp1 with specific leptin promoter regions; and (e) inhibition of ERK1/2 reduced recruitment of both HIF-1alpha and Sp1 to the leptin promoter, whereas down-regulation of PI-3K influenced only HIF-1alpha binding. In summary, our data suggest that hyperinsulinemia could induce breast cancer progression through leptin-dependent mechanisms. In MDA-MB-231 cells, this process requires Sp1- and HIF-1alpha-mediated leptin gene transcription and is partially regulated by the PI-3K and ERK1/2 pathways.
Persons Seeking Sex Change: Psychiatric Management of Special Problems
Authors: RICHARD GREEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Management of persons seeking sex reassignment includes exploring their motivation for sex change, facilitating a realistic appreciation of the limits of medical and surgical procedures, encouraging them to undergo reversible somatic changes with hormones during a trial period of living in the desired gender role prior to undertaking irreversible surgical steps, promoting a realistic anticipation of the future after sex reassignment, and, for those who undergo sex change, assisting in the postoperative adjustment.
Evolution at Two Levels in Fire Ants: The Relationship between Patterns of Gene Expression and Protein Sequence Evolution
Authors: Brendan G. Hunt, Lino Ometto, Laurent Keller, Michael A.D. Goodisman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Variation in protein sequence and gene expression each contribute to phenotypic diversity, and may be subject to similar selective pressures. Eusocial insects are particularly useful for investigating the evolutionary link between protein sequence and condition-dependent patterns of gene expression because gene expression plays a central role in determining differences between eusocial insect sexes and castes. We investigated the relationship between protein coding sequence evolution and gene expression patterns in the fire ants Solenopsis invicta, S. richteri, and their hybrids to gain greater insight into how selection jointly operates on gene expression and coding sequence. We found that genes with high expression variability within castes and sexes were frequently differentially expressed between castes and sexes, as well as between species and hybrids. These results indicate that genes showing high variation in expression in one context also tend to show high variation in expression in other contexts. Our analyses further revealed that variation in both intra- and interspecific gene expression was positively associated with rate of protein sequence evolution in Solenopsis. This suggests that selective constraints on a gene operate both at the level of protein sequence and at the level of gene expression regulation. Overall, our study provides one of the strongest demonstrations that selective constraints mediate both protein sequence evolution and gene expression variability across different biological contexts and timescales.
In vivo determination of cerebral blood volume with radioactive oxygen-15 in the monkey.
Authors: J O Eichling, M E Raichle, R L Grubb, K B Larson, M M Ter-Pogossian
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

A method for the in vivo determination of cerebral blood volume was tested in 15 adult rhesus monkeys. The technique utilized external residue detection and required the serial measurement of two mean transit times, namely, that of an intravascular tracer, C15O-hemoglobin, and that of a diffusible tracer, H215O. In computing the mean transit time for the intravascular tracer, the conventional Hamilton extrapolation of the downslope of the recording obtained for the washout of the tracer from the brain subsequent to an intracarotid bolus injection was found to be inadequate, yielding a mean transit time that systematically underestimated that parameter. Alternatively, the use of a power law extrapolation, as proposed by Huang, allowed a more accurate prediction of the vascular mean transit time. The preliminary studies testing the method predicted that the relationship between cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) was adequately represented by the equation CBV = 0.80CBF0.38, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.90 for the cerebral blood flow range of 16 to 134 ml/100 g min-1 with a normocapnic cerebral blood volume of 3.5 ml/100 g perfused brain tissue (arterial Pco2 = 37 torr, CBF = 50 ml/100 g min-1).
Serum Activity Patterns of Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase and Lactic Dehydrogenase Following Graded Myocardial Infarction in Dogs
Authors: PAUL RUEGSEGGER, IRWIN NYDICK, ALVIN FREIMAN, JOHN S. LADUE
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Following experimental myocardial infarction in the dog elevations of serum levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGO-T), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGP-T) and lactic dehydrogenase (SLD) were consistently noted in decreasing order. Evidence is presented that leakage into the serum from the damaged myocardium plays an important role in these elevations. This concept is supported by analyses of original tissue to blood enzyme concentration gradients, activities of homogenates of infarcts of varying ages, simultaneous measurements of coronary sinus and peripheral venous blood following infarction and contrasting results in man and the dog following infarction.
Chloramphenicol: Relation of Structure to Activity and Toxicity
Authors: A A Yunis
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1988)

The availability of an increasing number of effective broad spectrum anti­ microbials in the past decade has diminished considerably the clinical in­ dications for chloramphenicol (CAP). However, interest in this antibiotic has recently been revived both because of its antimicrobial activity and its toxic­ ity. Some factors affecting its resurgence are the emergence of ampicillin­ resistant Halmophilus influenzae, the superiority of CAP in fighting certain anaerobic infections and infections of the central nervous system, and the development of sensitive assays for the antibiotic and some of its metabolites in body fluids. Greater attention, however, has focused on hematotoxicity from CAP and its pathogenesis. The extensive use of a CAP analogue, thiamphenicol (TAP), in Europe and the Far East, without an increase in the incidence of associated aplastic anemia, has revived interest in the structure­ toxicity relationship in the CAP molecule and has focused attention on the P-N02 group as the structural feature that probably underlies the development of bone marrow aplasia in association with administration of CAP. TAP, with a similar antimicrobial spectrum, has emerged as a challenging substitute to CAP. In this chapter the comparative metabolism and toxicity of CAP and TAP are reviewed with particular emphasis on the role of the P-N02 group. For a clearer perspective, the properties of CAP, its mechanism of action, and relation of structure to activity and to bacterial resistance are briefly consid­ ered.
Local application of FTY720 to the lung abrogates experimental asthma by altering dendritic cell function
Authors: Marco Idzko, Hamida Hammad, Menno van Nimwegen, Mirjam Kool, Tobias Müller, Thomas Soullié, Monique A.M. Willart, Daniëlle Hijdra, Henk C. Hoogsteden, Bart N. Lambrecht
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Airway DCs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, and interfering with their function could constitute a novel form of therapy. The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist FTY720 is an oral immunosuppressant that retains lymphocytes in lymph nodes and spleen, thus preventing lymphocyte migration to inflammatory sites. The accompanying lymphopenia could be a serious side effect that would preclude the use of FTY720 as an antiasthmatic drug. Here we show in a murine asthma model that local application of FTY720 via inhalation prior to or during ongoing allergen challenge suppresses Th2-dependent eosinophilic airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness without causing lymphopenia and T cell retention in the lymph nodes. Effectiveness of local treatment was achieved by inhibition of the migration of lung DCs to the mediastinal lymph nodes, which in turn inhibited the formation of allergen-specific Th2 cells in lymph nodes. Also, FTY720-treated DCs were intrinsically less potent in activating naive and effector Th2 cells due to a reduced capacity to form stable interactions with T cells and thus to form an immunological synapse. These data support the concept that targeting the function of airway DCs with locally acting drugs is a powerful new strategy in the treatment of asthma.
A Population-Based Serologic Survey of Immunity to Tetanus in the United States
Authors: Peter J. Gergen, Geraldine M. McQuillan, Michele Kiely, Trena M. Ezzati-Rice, Roland W. Sutter, Gabriel Virella
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Vaccination rates are frequently considered a surrogate measure of protection. To provide more accurate estimates, serum levels of antibody against tetanus were measured as part of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), which studied a representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States.
Answer to ‘A 22-year-old professional soccer player with atraumatic ankle pain’
Authors: P D'Hooghe, J I Wiegerinck, J L Tol, P Landreau
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Answer to 'A 22-year-old professional soccer player with atraumatic ankle pain' See page 1589 for the questionThe MRI revealed progressive oedema in the fracture (figure 4A,B).Consequently, it was decided to perform an acute percutaneous internal compression fixation of the fracture by means of an Acutrak screw (figure 5).Since there was a progression of oedema along the fracture line-without real fracture diastasis-the authors chose a single compression screw fixation as the definitive treatment.Postoperatively, the patient was placed in an NWB cast for 2 weeks and a partial weight bearing walker boot for four more weeks.Physiotherapy was started after cast removal and full weight bearing was allowed starting from 6 weeks postoperatively.From the start of week 8 postoperatively, he started training individually with a progressive rehabilitation protocol for four more weeks.Three months postsurgery, he returned to the pitch playing at his preinjury level; he was pain-free and showing a full range of ankle motion.
THE DETECTION OF A "MASKED" VIRUS (THE SHOPE PAPILLOMA VIRUS) BY MEANS OF IMMUNIZATION
Authors: John G. Kidd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

A study has been made of the immunization procedure described by Shope, with particular reference to the detection of "masked" papilloma virus by means of it. Papilloma extracts were frequently encountered which, though non-pathogenic, elicited the specific antiviral antibody and induced resistance to the virus upon injection intraperitoneally into normal rabbits. The results of the immunization experiments were often complicated, however, by the effects of extravasated antibody, which had accumulated in various amounts in many of the papillomas and was consequently present in extracts of them together with "masked" virus. The extravasated antibody was often sufficient to render extracts of domestic rabbit papillomas non-antigenic; and sometimes, when present in excess, its passive transfer conferred resistance to reinfection with the virus. The conclusion seems warranted that only positive immunization findings can be interpreted with certainty. Negative results provide no decisive evidence as to whether "masked" virus is or is not present in the injected material, unless the amount of extravasated antibody also present is known. The findings may have a bearing on the negative outcome of immunization experiments with extracts of the cancers deriving from the natural papillomas of cottontails. Crude suspensions of domestic rabbit papillomas, which contain little or no virus demonstrable by ordinary methods, are far less antigenic than extracts of the natural growths of wild rabbits, which contain virus in quantity. In explanation of the finding the possibility seems worthy of attention that domestic rabbit papillomas may contain much less virus than the growths of cotton tails, the natural hosts of the virus.
P287 Measuring The Acute Cardiovascular Effects Of Shisha Smoking: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: M. Kadhum, A. Jaffery, A. Haq, J. Bacon, B. Madden
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the acute cardiovascular effects of smoking shisha. <h3>Design</h3> A cross-sectional study was carried out in six shisha cafes. Participants smoked shisha for a period between 45 min (minimum) and 90 min (maximum). The same brand of tobacco and coal was used. <h3>Setting</h3> London, UK. Participants Participants were those who had ordered a shisha to smoke and consented to have their blood pressure, heart rate and carbon monoxide levels measured. Excluded subjects were those who had smoked shisha in the previous 24 h, who smoke cigarettes or who suffered from cardiorespiratory problems. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer. Pulse was measured by palpation of the radial artery. Carbon monoxide levels were obtained via a carbon monoxide monitor. These indices were measured before the participants began to smoke shisha and after they finished or when the maximum 90 min time period was reached. <h3>Results</h3> Mean arterial blood pressure increased from 96 mmHg to 108 mmHg (p &lt; 0.001). Heart rate increased from 77 and 91 bpm (p &lt; 0.001). Carbon monoxide increased from an average of 3 to 35 ppm (p &lt; 0.001). A correlation analysis showed no relationship between carbon monoxide and the other indices measured. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The acute heart rate, blood pressure and carbon monoxide levels were seen to rise significantly after smoking shisha. The weak correlation between carbon monoxide levels and the other variables suggests that carbon monoxide levels had not contributed to their significant increase.
H-2 restriction of cell-mediated immunity to an intracellular bacterium: effector T cells are specific for Listeria antigen in association with H-21 region-coded self-markers.
Authors: R M Zinkernagel, A Althage, B Adler, R V Blanden, W F Davidson, U Kees, M B Dunlop, D C Shreffler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The protective activity of anti-Listeria-immune T cells assayed in an adoptive transfer system in H-2 restricted. As shown in the present studies, the demonstration of the restriction is directly dependent on the dose and the relative protective activity of spleen cells. In addition, some H-2-unrestricted protection is conferred predominantly by other than immunoglobulin-negative spleen cells. Thus, the activity of Listeria-immune T cells appears to be 'absolutely' restricted and is in this respect comparable to in vivo T-cell-mediated anti-viral protection. The predominant genetic region of H-2 coding for the structures which are mainly involved in this restriction in T-cell immunity to this prototype intracellular bacterium is the I region. The specificity of Listeria-immune T cells is determined by the H-2 haplotype of the donor. Thus, F1 hybrids seem to possess at least two separable sets of T cells, each specific for one parental haplotype. As is true in the virus model, the results cannot distinguish between an altered-self or a dual recognition model of T-cell recognition to explain H-2 restriction. They are, however, compatible with the idea and I-coded cell surface structures may serve as receptors for cell-specific differentiation signals, which trigger direct or lymphokin-mediated activation of macrophages to manifest increased bactericidal capacity. The interesting parallels in self-marker recognition of T cells in the virus and intracellular bacterium systems, respectively, appear to be reasonably explained by the different types of signals transmitted by T cells to various target cells via the distinctly different self-markers employed (i.e., K or D vs I).