tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P260: Low Physical Activity Level, Underweight and Abdominal Obesity among Nigerian Rural Adolescents; Implication for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Program among Rural Adolescents in Nigeria
Authors: Nse A Odunaiya, Quinette A Louw, Karen Grimmer-sommers
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health problem. Studies have shown that the majority of people dying from CVD have one or more major risk factors that are influenced by lifestyle. Major predisposing risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity. These risk factors have been seen in adolescents in developed countries. Throughout the world the risks are starting to appear earlier. Adolescence is a critical temporal window for the development of obesity in adult age. Researchers have advocated that children and adolescent populations should be the target for cardiovascular risk factors prevention programs, however, there is paucity of information on these risk factors especially among rural adolescents. It is a general belief in Nigeria that rural dwellers are active, consume natural foods as such CVD and other chronic diseases may not be highly prevalent among rural people However, primordial prevention for cardiovascular is needed even in rural communities since prevention is better than cure. The study aimed to ascertain selected CVD risk factors such as physical activity level, BMI Waist Hip ratio and dietary pattern of adolescents in rural Nigeria The study was a cross sectional survey of 1079 adolescents aged 15-18 years, attending schools at Ibarapa central local government of South West Nigeria. Ethical approval was sought and obtained from Stellenbosch University ethics committee, approval from the local Education authority and principals of the selected schools. Informed consent was obtained from the principals of the schools who acted in place of the parents and guardians who were not in the community and also from parents within the community. Assent was obtained from adolescents either written or verbal. CVD risk factors were assessed using standard measures .Result shows 23% of adolescents are underweight, 75% normal weight and 1.4% overweight. Waist hip ratio of 84.6% of adolescents are normal, 15.4% abdominal obesity, for physical activity level; 27.9% had low physical activity level, 36.5% moderate physical activity level and 35.6% high physical activity level. More female had low activity level compared to male, 63.5% compared to 36.5% The adolescents generally have bad dietary pattern such as high fat consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake Underweight is still a major problem among rural adolescents. Many of the rural adolescents are not active enough to safeguard their future health. Sedentary living is more among female than male. Although these rural adolescents are not generally obese but there is a high prevalence of abdominal obesity, low fruit and vegetable consumption which is associated with cardiovascular disease Implication; there is need for CVD primordial and primary prevention program for Nigerian rural adolescents
Oxaliplatin and docetaxel in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients treated with up to two prior chemotherapeutic regimens: Updated results of a phase II trial
Authors: G. S. Chatta, T. M. Feinstein, L. J. Appleman, D. M. Friedland, S. A. Jacobs, T. L. Evans, M. F. Earle, H. M. Strausser, W. E. Gooding, D. Lenzner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5148 Background: Docetaxel has a survival benefit in CRPC. Oral and IV platinum derivatives have activity in CRPC. We hypothesized that a novel combination of docetaxel and oxaliplatin may be beneficial in treating CRPC. Methods: A single arm phase II trial in patients with metastatic CRPC who were treated with docetaxel (60 mg/m2) and oxaliplatin (110 mg/m2) administered intravenously every 21 days for up to 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was response rate defined as a > 50% reduction in PSA levels, sustained for > 4 weeks. Secondary objectives were progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity (tolerance/safety). Results: 34 patients were accrued between June 2005 and August 2007. The median age was 66 years (49–84), with 24% over the age of 75. Prior therapies included androgen deprivation (100%); palliative radiation therapy (65%); and chemotherapy (44%), with 38% having received prior docetaxel. 68% of patients received all 6 cycles, with 80% of the maximum dose intensities of docetaxel and oxaliplatin being delivered. Median follow-up time was 15.75 months (range, 1.4–30.6 months). Median PSA at baseline was 370 ng/ml (range 1.5-3,559.4). 32 of the 34 patients were evaluable for response. Response rates are summarized in the table below. Four of 11 (36%) evaluable for response using RECIST had a partial response. Significant grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events (AE) were neutropenia (35%) and thrombocytopenia (6%). Grade 3/4 non-hematologic side effects were nausea (12%), dehydration (12%), diarrhea (9%), edema (6%), mucositis (6%) and infection (3%). Grade 2 or less neuropathy occurred in 71%. Conclusions: The combination of docetaxel and oxaliplatin has promising activity in CRPC. Toxicities were mostly hematologic and easily manageable. Randomized phase III trials with this novel regimen are warranted given the high PSA response rates, long progression free survival and overall survival. Prior chemotherapy Chemo-naïve Overall PSA decline >50% 9 of 14 (64%) (95% CI, 35%, 87%) 13 of 18 (72%) (95% CI, 46%, 90%) 22 of 32 (69%) (95% CI, 52%, 85%) PFS (median) 5.8 mo (95% CI, 3.5–6.4) 7.7 mo (95% CI, 4.9–10.4) 6.3 mo (95% CI, 4.9–7.7) OS (median) 14.9 mo (95% CI, 11.9–22.1) 24.7 mo (95% CI, 18–NA) 20.1 mo (95% CI, 15.1–NA) Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration sanofi-aventis
Electronic nose as a screening tool for early stage lung cancer
Authors: Annette Dent, Rayleen Bowman, Paul Zimmerman, Ian Yang, Kwun Fong
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Computer tomography (CT), a gold standard screening tool for lung cancer in high risk symptomless subjects, has relatively high associated costs and risks with low incidence of cancer detection. There is a need for a tool to predict subjects with a higher probability of early stage lung cancer (ESLC - Staged I or II by 7th ed TNM system) prior to CT screening. We previously demonstrated that exhaled breath volatile organic compound (eVOC) profile differs between lung cancer and healthy smokers.  Aim : To determine if eVOC profile of subjects diagnosed with ESLC, without symptoms (ESLC-S) differs from that of those with symptoms (ESLC+S) and that of healthy smokers (HS).  Method:  ESLC+S (n= 53), ESLC-S (n=29) and HS (n=188) subjects provided a breath sample after breathing filtered air for 5 mins for analysis on a 32 sensor Cyranose 320 (Sensigent). Sensor data were log transformed and reduced to principal components for canonical discriminant analysis to determine differences between groups. Accuracy (CVV) was calculated using SPSS V17.0 with leave one out cross validation. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were calculated.  Results:  The eVOC profile distinguished between ESLC-S and HS (p Conclusion:  These data indicate the ability of exhaled breath VOC profiles to distinguish people with asymptomatic early stage lung cancer from healthy smokers, and therefore support its potential as a non-invasive screening tool for early detection of lung cancer. Supported by The Prince Charles Hospital Foundation and Private Practice Trust Fund.
Molecular markers for lymph node involvement in locally advanced cervical carcinomas
Authors: G. B. Kristensen, H. Lyng, D. H. Svendsrud, R. Holm, K. Knutstad, R. Brøvig, K. Sundfoer, H. Oksefjell, T. Stokke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

5049 Background: Lymph node involvement is the first indication of cervical cancer spread and a strong prognostic factor. The aims of the present study were to identify genes associated with lymph node involvement. Methods: The nodal status and tumor volume were determined from MR images in 48 patients with FIGO stage 2a to 4a at the time of diagnosis. cDNA microarray technique was used to identify genes that differed in expression between node positive and negative tumors. Biopsies enriched for carcinoma tissue were co-hybridized with a common reference sample in a dye-swap design. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to validate microarray results and determine protein expression of selected genes. Results: Pathologic lymph nodes were seen in 29 patients and normal nodes in 19. We identified 16 genes with higher and 15 with lower expression in node positive tumors as compared to the negative ones. QRT PCR data of 4 genes were consistent with these findings. CKS2, MRPS23, MRPL11, LSM3 and PDK2 were upregulated in node positive tumors suggesting high proliferation activity and oxygen consumption. MSN, KLF3 and TBX3 were downregulated. CKS2, MRPS23, MRPL11, PDK2, LSM3, TBX3, KLF3 and MSN were significantly related to progression free survival in univariate analysis. Protein expression, determined for CKS2 and MSN, was significantly correlated to survival, consistent with these results. In multivariate analysis including only gene variables, MRPL11, PDK2 and TBX3 were significant. Including also clinical and MRI variables, tumor volume, KLF3 and TBX3 were significant. NEK1, CSTA, ANX4 and DDOST were upregulated indicating activated DNA damage repair (NEK1) and resistance to apoptosis (CSTA, ANX4, DDOST). NTN4 and HYAL1, which are involved in cell-matrix interactions, were downregulated, suggesting mechanisms for increased cell migration and invasive growth. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with known phenotypic characteristics of node positive cervical tumors, such as hypoxia and high lactate content. They point to molecular mechanisms for development of hypoxia, deregulation of glucose metabolism, activation of survival strategies and interactions between carcinoma cells and tumor stroma that may promote metastasis formation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Fixed dose rate infusion of gemcitabine and UFT combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced biliary cancer
Authors: S. Lee, H. Ryoo, S. Bae, H. Song, M. Kim, K. Lee, W. Lee, K. Park, J. Kim, J. Baek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15581 Background: Biliary cancer is diagnosed at advanced stage and recurrence is common after surgical resection. Gemcitabine and UFT combination chemotherapy showed promising results in advanced pancreatic cancer(APC) and fixed dose- rate(FDR) infusion(10mg/m 2 /min) of gemcitabine is more effective than 30min-infusion in APC patients. We conducted a prospective multicenter phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of FDR gemcitabine and UFT combination chemotherapy in advanced biliary cancer(ABC) patients. We evaluated the quality of life(QOL) and relationship between treatment outcome and polymorphisms of DNA repair gene such as RecQ1, RAD54L, XRCC1 and ATM. Methods: We included the chemo-naive patients with measurable metastatic or recurrent biliary adenocarcinoma except gall bladder cancer. Patients received gemcitabine infusion of rate of 10mg/m 2 /min on day 1, 8, and 15 plus oral UFT (400mg/m 2 ) on day 1 to 21. We used modified PCR-RFLP method to evaluate the polymorphism of DNA repair gene. The primary endpoint was response rate. Results: From October 2006 to March 2008, 47 patients were enrolled and 33 of them were included in this analysis. Median age was 58 years(range 33–73 years) and 18 patients were male. Partial response was 24.2% and disease control rate was 51.5%. The estimated median time to progression(TTP) was 87 days(95% CI 51–123). Median overall survival was 243 days(95% CI 114–372). Grade 3/4 neutropenia was observed in 12 of 33 patients(36.4%) and 17 times of 114 cycles of chemotherapy(14.9%). No febrile neutropenia was observed. Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 5 patients(15.2%). Non-hematologic toxicities were mild. Polymorphism of XRCC1 was related to TTP(TTP of wild, heterozygous variant and homozygous variant type was 162, 71 and 25 days, respectively. p=0.0039). QOL as a secondary endpoint was not analyzed at this time. Conclusions: FDR infusion of gemcitabine and UFT combination chemotherapy in chemo-naïve patients with ABC is a well-tolerated and effective regimen. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Risk factors of fatal outcomes in influenza A/H1N1-09 viral infection
Authors: Natalia Lareva, Elena Luzina
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

In 2009 a novel swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 virus was identified. In Zabaikalsky region from October to December, 2009 more than 120 000 people felt ill, 16 000 were hospitalized and 59 patients died.  The aim of this study was to describe clinical and morphological features of patients who died following confirmed A/H1N1-09 infection.   Methods:  We reviewed medical records and autopsy reports of 35 pts who died in November and December 2009 in Zabaikalsky region, RF.   Results:  Among 35 decedents there were 14 men and 21 women (age 39,8±12,5 years). Nobody was over 60 years old. Duration of the disease was 9,1±3,2 days. Tracheitis, laryngitis, bronchitis were noted in all pts. In one case larynx phlegmon had developed. 34 pts had bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Bacterial infection was detected in 51,4% cases (18 pts). All pts had one or more complications: 24 pts (68,6%) had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 27 pts (77,1%) – disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 18 pts (51,4%) – acute tubular necrosis, 7 pts (20%) – acute pulmonary embolism, 8 pts (22,9%) – septic shock. Myocarditis was noted in 5 pts (14,3%), pleuritis in 3 pts (8,6%), pericarditis in 4 pts (11,4%). Underlying medical conditions were present in 86% of cases. Obesity was noted in 62,8% (22 pts); COPD in 37% (13 pts); endocrine glands9 pathology (diabetes mellitus and/or thyroid dysfunction) in 31,4% (11pts); chronic pancreatitis in 28,6% (10 pts), chronic kidney disease in 14,3% (5 pts); arterial hypertension in 14,3% (5 pts).   Conclusions:  Risk factors of fatal outcomes in influenza A/H1N1-09 viral infection were age less 60 years, underlying medical conditions (particularly obesity) and complications, especially ARDS and DIC.
Phase III, randomized, multicentre trial of maintenance biotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (IFN) for metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC)
Authors: R. Passalacqua, C. Buzio, M. Dalla Chiesa, R. Camisa, C. Porta, R. Labianca, A. Frassoldati, S. Buti, D. Pezzuolo, G. Tomasello, C. Caminiti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4605
Satisfaction with the process of providing informed consent to cancer clinical trials
Authors: L. R. Mileshkin, H. Raunow, T. Cavicchiolo, C. O Kane, H. Brasier, M. Robinson, J. Reynolds, J. Matthews, M. Jefford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6074 Background: Patient (pt) understanding of cancer clinical trials (CCT) is often poor. However, pt satisfaction with the informed consent process may be independent of this, as pts have variable information needs, and preferences for involvement in medical decision-making. We aimed to establish the level of pt satisfaction with the process of giving informed consent to CCT, and to determine whether satisfaction correlates with objective understanding and pt preferences. Methods: A sample of 100 pts participating in a CCT were surveyed about their: satisfaction with the consent process; level of understanding of the CCT using the Quality of Informed Consent (QuIC) questionnaire; preference for amount of information; preference for involvement in medical decision-making; depression/anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Measures were completed within 2 weeks of CCT enrolment. Results: Analysis of the first 72 pts. Median age was 55 (29–75), 60% male, 11% were depressed and 18% anxious. 97% of pts recorded a high level of satisfaction with their decision to enrol. 84% wanted to know as much information as possible. 32% preferred that their doctor make decisions about treatment and 38% preferred joint decision-making. Pt preferences for level of involvement in decision-making were strongly associated with their perceived level of involvement in the decision (P = 0.007). 28% of pts perceived that the doctor had made the decision. No correlation was found between pt satisfaction and: objective level of understanding (R = 0.157); depression (R = -0.095); or anxiety (R = -0.069). Satisfaction was correlated with self-assessed understanding (R = 0.44; p<0.001). Pt satisfaction was higher among pts who preferred as much information as possible (P=0.045) and those who perceived having been told every possible detail (P<0.001). Conclusion: Pt satisfaction with the process of giving informed consent to CCT is very high, but does not correlate with objective understanding about the CCT. Pt preference for degree of involvement in medical decision-making is highly variable. High satisfaction coupled with suboptimal knowledge has important ethical implications. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Androgen receptor (AR) and phospho-AR protein levels in invasive breast cancers and survival outcomes: Indication of a new prognostic marker.
Authors: Hirotaka Iwase, Takashi Takeshita, Yoko Omoto, Mutsuko Ibusuki, Yutaka Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

11 Background: Androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer may serve as a useful prognostic and predictive marker. We examined the expression patterns of AR and AR phosphorylated at serine-213/210 (pAR 213/210 ) in breast cancer by immunohistochemistry, and evaluated their association with clinicopathological parameters and prognoses. Methods: The levels of AR nuclear protein expression were determined in tissue samples of 379 consecutive female patients with invasive breast cancer. In samples that showed detectable AR, the levels of pAR 213/210 nuclear and cytoplasmic expression were determined. All samples were scored semiquantitatively using a histoscore. Results: Nuclear staining of AR was observed in 76% of the samples. Elevated AR protein expression correlated with non-aggressive parameters and longer relapse-free survival (RFS) (p &lt; .0001) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) (p &lt; .0001). Nuclear and cytoplasmic pAR 213/210 were observed in 72.4% and 11.9%, respectively, of the tested samples. Although no statistically significant relationship between pAR 213/210 nuclear expression and clinicopathological parameters was observed, increased expression of cytoplasmic pAR 213/210 was associated with high nuclear grade (p = .026), estrogen receptor (ER) α-negative (p = .023), progesterone receptor (PgR)-negative (p = .034), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (p = .043), and Ki-67-positive (p = .026) tumors. Conversely, nuclear pAR 213/210 expression correlated with longer RFS (p = .027) and BCSS (p = .0031), but cytoplasmic pAR 213/210 expression was not related with RFS and BCSS. Conclusions: AR and its phosphorylation at serine-213/210 are significant in breast cancer progression and prognosis. The expression levels of pAR 213/210 could have potential as a new prognostic marker of breast cancer.
Results of a randomized phase II study investigating multipeptide vaccination with IMA901 in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Authors: C. Reinhardt, R. Zdrojowy, C. Szczylik, T. Ciuleanu, W. Brugger, R. Oberneder, A. Kirner, S. Walter, H. Singh, A. Stenzl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4529 Background: IMA901 is a therapeutic cancer vaccine based on the selection of naturally presented tumor-associated peptides (9 HLA-class I- and 1 HLA class II-binding peptides). A previous phase I study showed a significant correlation of disease control rate (DCR) at 3 mo with T-cell responses to multiple IMA901 peptides but no correlation to a vaccinated control peptide. Methods: HLA-A*02+ patients with clear-cell RCC and documented progression during or after first-line cytokine- or TKI-based therapy were randomized 1:1 to receive up to 17 intradermal vaccinations of IMA901 over 9 mo together with 75 μ g GM-CSF ± a single infusion of low-dose cyclophosphamide (Cy; 300 mg/m2) before the first vaccination. Stratification included MSKCC risk group (low or intermediate risk) and first-line therapy (cytokines or TKI). Primary endpoint was DCR at 6 mo. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), safety, and peptide-specific T-cell responses. Results: 68 patients were treated. DCR at 6 mo was 31% in the post-cytokine group (n=40) and 12% in the post-TKI group (n=28). Median OS has not yet been reached with OS rates in post-cytokine patients being particularly encouraging (Table). Furthermore, a strong trend toward better outcome (DCR at 6 mo and OS) was seen in patients with multiple T-cell responses against IMA901. Patients who received pretreatment with Cy showed a decrease of regulatory T-cells (Treg) levels and multipeptide responders in this group had significantly better OS than others (p=0.019; no death recorded in this group thus far). The safety profile was confirmed to be favorable with most AE being local injection-site reactions. Conclusions: This phase II study confirmed that IMA901 is safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic. Overall survival compares favorably with published results from currently approved drugs. OS rate at 6 mo OS rate at 12 mo OS rate at 18 mo All patients (n=68) 77% 67% 54% Patients 2nd-line post cytokines (n=40) 87% 79% 68% Patients 2nd-line post cytokines(Cy pretreatment; n=20) 90% 83% 83% Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Immatics Immatics Immatics
Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Dolores Isla, Rafael Rosell, José J. Sánchez, Alfredo Carrato, Enriqueta Felip, Carlos Camps, Angel Artal, José Luis González-Larriba, Pilar Azagra, Vicente Alberola, Cristina Martin, Bartomeu Massutí
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Given the cisplatin-related myelotoxicity and nonhematologic toxicities, we were prompted to undertake a study of the noncisplatin combination of paclitaxel plus gemcitabine to evaluate the efficacy, tolerance, and survival of this combination in patients with locally advanced and metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Patients received gemcitabine 2,000 mg/m(2) and paclitaxel 150 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle, for a maximum of eight cycles.Between December 1997 and June 1998, 89 untreated NSCLC patients were enrolled; 30 (34%) had stage IIIB disease (23 with malignant pleural effusion and seven without), and 59 (66%) had stage IV disease. Eighty-six percent of patients had a performance status of 0 or 1. The median number of cycles administered was four (range, one to eight cycles). The mean dose-intensity for both paclitaxel and gemcitabine was nearly 100%. Hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities were mild. Thirty-eight patients received second-line chemotherapy after completion of the study. The overall intent-to-treat response rate was 32.2%, with a higher response rate for stage IIIB patients (43.3%) than for stage IV patients (26.3%). Overall median survival was 9.9 months, and 1-year survival was 38.8% (14.2 months for stage IIIB and 7.7 months for stage IV; P =.007). Median survival was 10.2 months for patients with a performance status of 0 or 1 and 4.8 months for patients with a performance status of 2 (P =.007).A biweekly paclitaxel/gemcitabine regimen was well tolerated, with an acceptable response rate and a reasonable median survival time, especially in patients with good performance status. It merits further exploration in future studies.