tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Private Psychotherapy Patients of Psychiatrist Psychoanalysts
Authors: Richard C. Friedman, Wilma Bucci, Christopher Christian, Philip Drucker, Webb Black Garrison
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The characteristics of private psychotherapy patients of medical psychoanalysts are described.A structured interview was administered to 51 medical psychoanalysts. Patients' demographic characteristics, historical features, and other clinically relevant aspects of behavior were assessed.Of 575 patients, 88% had at least one axis I disorder and 46% had at least one axis I and one axis II disorder. Treatment duration varied from less than 6 months to more than 6 years. Forty-three percent of the patients were also treated with psychotropic drugs.The patients in this cohort met the criteria for DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, had lifetime histories of major psychiatric disturbances, and were not the "worried well."
Effect of an early perinatal depression intervention on long-term child development outcomes: follow-up of the Thinking Healthy Programme randomised controlled trial
Authors: Joanna Maselko, Siham Sikander, Sonia Bhalotra, Omer Bangash, Nima Ganga, Satadru Mukherjee, Helen Egger, Lauren Franz, Amina Bibi, Rakhshanda Liaqat, Misbah Kanwal, Tayyaba Abbasi, Maryam Noor, Nida Ameen, Atif Rahman
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2015)
Quantitative analysis of 8‐isoprostane and hydrogen peroxide in exhaled breath condensate: Table 1—
Authors: P.G.A. Van Hoydonck, W.A. Wuyts, B.M. Vanaudenaerde, E.G. Schouten, L.J. Dupont, E.H.M. Temme
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) provides a noninvasive means of sampling the lower respiratory tract. Collection of EBC might be useful in the assessment of airway oxidative stress in smokers. The aim of this study was to determine 8‐isoprostane and hydrogen peroxide levels in EBC, and, in addition, to investigate the reproducibility of these measurements. EBC samples were collected from 12 healthy male smokers at three time points within 1 week. 8‐isoprostane and H 2 O 2 were measured in nonconcentrated EBC using immunochemical and colorimetric assays, respectively. 8‐isoprostane and H 2 O 2 were detected in only 36 and 47% of all EBC samples, respectively. It was not possible to calculate the within-subject variation in a reliable manner since only three of the 12 smokers exhibited detectable 8‐isoprostane concentrations on all three occasions (mean 4.6 pg·mL −1 ; range 3.9–7.7 pg·mL −1 ), whereas H 2 O 2 could not be detected on all three occasions in any of the smokers. Spiking experiments revealed a recovery of 83.5–109.5% for 8‐isoprostane and 69.9–129.0% for H 2 O 2 in fresh EBC samples. It was concluded that levels of 8‐isoprostane and hydrogen peroxide cannot be reproducibly assessed in exhaled breath condensate from healthy smokers because of their low concentration and/or the lack of sensitivity of the available assays.
Efficacy of cod liver oil as an adjunct to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment in the management of osteoarthritis in general practice.
Authors: T Stammers, B Sibbald, P Freeling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A double blind, placebo controlled trial was carried out to assess the efficacy of cod liver oil as an adjunct treatment to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the management of osteoarthritis in general practice. Eighty six patients were given 10 ml of either cod liver oil or olive oil placebo daily as a supplement to their regular NSAID treatment for 24 weeks. Patients were assessed by their general practitioner at four week intervals for joint pain/inflammation, overall interference with activities, and unwanted effects of treatment. Patients recorded on visual analogue scales their daily pain and the extent to which arthritis interfered with everyday activities. There was no significant benefit for the patients taking cod liver oil compared with those taking placebo.
Long term continuous domiciliary oxygen therapy by transtracheal catheter.
Authors: D A Walsh, J R Govan
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Long term continuous oxygen therapy improves prognosis in patients with hypoxaemic chronic airflow limitation. Transtracheal delivery of oxygen permits adequate oxygenation of such patients at lower flow rates than are required for delivery by nasal cannulas, thus increasing the time for which portable oxygen cylinders can be used and improving the efficacy of domiciliary oxygen concentrators in patients with refractory hypoxaemia. In a study of the long term acceptability and risks of transtracheal oxygen in 37 patients, with a total follow up of 595 patient-months, most patients reported symptomatic benefit and four have used transtracheal oxygen successfully for more than four years. Problems have included surgical emphysema (4 patients), catheter fracture (9), local infection (34), and catheter dislodgement (21); but these have been relatively infrequent and in general have not caused important clinical problems. Transtracheal oxygen therapy was discontinued in 10 patients before death for various reasons, including infection (2 patients), catheter fracture (1), and surgical emphysema (1). Accumulation of mucus balls has not been a problem. It is concluded that transtracheal oxygen therapy is a safe and acceptable alternative to nasal cannulas in well motivated patients with hypoxaemia due to chronic airflow limitation who are keen to pursue an active life.
Improvements in Diabetes Processes of Care and Intermediate Outcomes: United States, 1988–2002
Authors: Jinan B. Saaddine, Betsy Cadwell, Edward W. Gregg, Michael M. Engelgau, Frank Vinicor, Giuseppina Imperatore, K. M. Venkat Narayan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Progress of diabetes care is a subject of public health concern. Objective: To assess changes in quality of diabetes care in the United States by using standardized measures. Design: National population-based, serial cross-sectional surveys. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994 and 1999–2002) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (1995 and 2002). Participants: Survey participants 18 to 75 years of age who reported a diagnosis of diabetes. Measurements: Glycemic control, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level, annual cholesterol level monitoring, and annual foot and dilated eye examination, as defined by the National Diabetes Quality Improvement Alliance measures. Results: In the past decade, the proportion of persons with diabetes with poor glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c > 9%) showed a nonstatistically significant decrease of 3.9% (95% CI, −10.4% to 2.5%), while the proportion of persons with fair or good lipid control (LDL cholesterol level < 3.4 mmol/L [<130 mg/dL]) had a statistically significant increase of 21.9% (CI, 12.4% to 31.3%). Mean LDL cholesterol level decreased by 0.5 mmol/L (18.8 mg/dL). Although mean hemoglobin A1c did not change, the proportion of persons with hemoglobin A1c of 6% to 8% increased from 34.2% to 47.0%. The blood pressure distribution did not change. Annual lipid testing, dilated eye examination, and foot examination increased by 8.3% (CI, 4.0% to 12.7%), 4.5% (CI, 0.5% to 8.5%), and 3.8% (CI, −0.1% to 7.7%), respectively. The proportion of persons reporting annual influenza vaccination and aspirin use improved by 6.8 percentage points (CI, 2.9 percentage points to 10.7 percentage points) and 13.1 percentage points (CI, 5.4 percentage points to 20.7 percentage points), respectively. Limitations: Data are self-reported, and the surveys do not have all National Diabetes Quality Improvement Alliance indicators. Conclusion: Diabetes processes of care and intermediate outcomes have improved nationally in the past decade. But 2 in 5 persons with diabetes still have poor LDL cholesterol control, 1 in 3 persons still has poor blood pressure control, and 1 in 5 persons still has poor glycemic control.
16-Year Trends in the Infection Burden for Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in the United States
Authors: Arnold J. Greenspon, Jasmine D. Patel, Edmund Lau, Jorge A. Ochoa, Daniel R. Frisch, Reginald T. Ho, Behzad B. Pavri, Steven M. Kurtz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effects of theophylline on inflammatory cells and cytokines in asthmatic subjects: a placebo-controlled parallel group study
Authors: JP Finnerty, C Lee, S Wilson, J Madden, R Djukanovic, ST Holgate
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The anti-inflammatory effects of oral theophylline on cells in bronchial biopsies of symptomatic atopic asthmatic subjects were investigated. Following a 2 week run-in period, asthmatic subjects were randomly assigned to either placebo (n=11) or theophylline (n=15). Bronchial biopsies were taken at fibre-optic bronchoscopy at the beginning and end of a 6 week period, during which subjects took placebo or theophylline medication at a dose intended to produce therapeutic concentrations. Nine of the placebo subjects and 12 of the theophylline subjects completed the study. Improvement in asthma control was seen in the theophylline-treated group. The mean (SD) theophylline blood level at the end of the study was 10.9 (6.0) microg x mL-1. A significant decrease in interleukin (IL)4 expression from 1.38 to 1.04 cells x mm-2 (&lt;0.05) and a trend to a reduction in IL-5 from 1.29 to 0.48 cells x mm-2 (NS) were seen in biopsies from the theophylline-treated group compared with placebo, although there was no change in mast cell numbers (judged by tryptase expression). A decrease in epithelial CD8+ cells from 2.60 to 0.53 cells x mm-1 of surface (&lt;0.05) was noted. This study shows an anti-inflammatory effect of theophylline in asthmatic bronchi, both in cell numbers and in the expression of IL-4, believed to be an important cytokine in the pathophysiology of asthmatic inflammation. We speculate that theophylline induces downregulation in vivo of cytokine production, accounting for the known inhibitory effect of theophylline on the late asthmatic reaction.
Flavonoids: Promising anticancer agents
Authors: Wenying Ren, Zhenhua Qiao, Hongwei Wang, Lei Zhu, Li Zhang
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2003)

Abstract Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are ubiquitously in plants. They have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities at nontoxic concentrations in organisms. The role of dietary flavonoids in cancer prevention is widely discussed. Compelling data from laboratory studies, epidemiological investigations, and human clinical trials indicate that flavonoids have important effects on cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Many mechanisms of action have been identified, including carcinogen inactivation, antiproliferation, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and differentiation, inhibition of angiogenesis, antioxidation and reversal of multidrug resistance or a combination of these mechanisms. Based on these results, flavonoids may be promising anticancer agents. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 23, No. 4, 519–534, 2003
The use of GnRH antagonists in ovarian stimulation
Authors: F. Olivennes
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2002)

GnRH antagonists induce a rapid decrease in LH and FSH, preventing and interrupting LH surges. Their properties do not require a desensitization period, and this allows their use in the late follicular phase. GnRH antagonists could replace GnRH agonists in controlled ovarian stimulation without their side-effects and their long desensitization period. Two protocols for assisted reproduction technology (ART) cycles were designed: the single-dose protocol allies simplicity and efficacy, while the multiple-dose protocol is efficient and could reduce monitoring of the cycle, though compliance is mandatory. A review of the available literature on GnRH antagonists in ART cycles is presented, focusing on phase III controlled trials and ART results. Both protocols using GnRH antagonists were associated with the need for a smaller dose of gonadotrophin, a shorter stimulation period and a lower incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), albeit with statistically comparable pregnancy rates. A trend is observed in all studies showing a lower pregnancy rates in GnRH antagonist cycles as compared with GnRH agonist cycles. The role of the lower number of embryos, and the potential adverse effects of GnRH antagonists on endometrium or follicle must be studied. More cycles using GnRH antagonists are necessary to confirm their equivalent pregnancy rates. There is room for improvement in both protocols with regard to scheduling, antagonist dose level and the timing of its administration. Until further studies have been conducted, luteal support seems to remain mandatory. Perinatal outcome appears similar to that with other stimulation regimens. Triggering of ovulation can be obtained with GnRH agonist for patients at risk of OHSS. With regard to GnRH antagonists, questions remain regarding pregnancy rates, the indications of their use in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome or poor responders, and in ovarian stimulation outside IVF.
Conditioning by Cortisol for the Production of Acute Massive Myocardial Necroses During Neuromuscular Exertion
Authors: HANS SELYE
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Following pretreatment with cortisol and NaH 2 PO 4 , a brief period of neuromuscular stress regularly produces massive myocardial necroses in the rat. Pretreatment with desoxycorticosterone and the phosphate is less effective in this respect.
Targeting the <i>RET</i> Pathway in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Samuel A. Wells, Massimo Santoro
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

The RET (rearranged during transfection) protooncogene encodes a single pass transmembrane receptor that is expressed in cells derived from the neural crest and the urogenital tract. As part of a cell-surface complex, RET binds glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) ligands in conjunction with GDNF-family alpha co-receptors (GFRalpha). Ligand-induced activation induces dimerization and tyrosine phosphorylation of the RET receptor with downstream activation of several signal transduction pathways. Activating germline RET mutations play a central role in the development of the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes MEN2A, MEN2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) and also in the development of the congenital abnormality Hirschsprung's disease. Approximately 50% of patients with sporadic MTC have somatic RET mutations, and a significant portion of papillary thyroid carcinomas result from chromosomal inversions or translocations, which activate RET (RET/PTC oncogenes). The RET protooncogene has a significant place in cancer prevention and treatment. Timely thyroidectomy in kindred members who have inherited a mutated RET allele, characteristic of MEN2A, MEN2B, or FMTC, can prevent MTC, the most common cause of death in these syndromes. Also, recently developed molecular therapeutics that target the RET pathway have shown activity in clinical trials of patients with advanced MTC, a disease for which there has been no effective therapy.
Reduced content of connexin43 gap junctions in ventricular myocardium from hypertrophied and ischemic human hearts.
Authors: N S Peters, C R Green, P A Poole-Wilson, N J Severs
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Gap junctions are a determinant of myocardial conduction. Disturbances of gap-junctional content may account for abnormalities of impulse propagation, contributing to the arrhythmic tendency and mechanical inefficiency of ischemic and hypertrophied myocardium. The aim of this study was to characterize gap junction organization in normal human ventricular myocardium and to establish whether abnormalities exist in myocardium of chronically ischemic and hypertrophied hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac gap-junctional connexin43 antibodies and confocal microscopy were used in a quantitative immunohistochemical study of surgical myocardial samples to explore the structural basis of electromechanical ventricular dysfunction in chronic ischemic and hypertrophic heart diseases. Normal adult human left ventricular myocardium had a gap-junctional surface area of 0.0051 micron2/micron3 myocyte volume; gap junctions were confined to intercalated disks, of which there was a mean of 11.6 per cell. The right ventricle showed similar gap junction surface area. Left ventricular myocardium from ischemic hearts (distant from any fibrotic scarring), despite normal numbers of intercalated disks per cell, had a reduced gap junction surface area (0.0027 micron2/micron3; P = .02), as did hypertrophied myocardium (0.0031 micron2/micron3; P = .05). The cardiac myocytes in the pathological tissues were larger than normal, and estimated gap-junctional content per cell was reduced in ischemic ventricle (P = .02) compared with normal. CONCLUSIONS Gap junctions in normal adult human working ventricular myocardium occupy an area of 0.0051 micron2/micron3 myocyte volume. This surface area is reduced in ventricular myocardium from hearts subject to chronic hypertrophy and ischemia, despite a normal number of intercellular abutments, and this alteration may contribute to abnormal impulse propagation in these hearts.
Vascular Impedance of the Femoral Bed
Authors: Michael F. O'Rourke, Michael G. Taylor
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Pressure/flow relationships in the femoral artery have been expressed as the vascular impedance of the femoral bed. The results obtained were consistent and reproducible under control conditions with irregular as well as with regular heart rates; vasoconstriction and vasodilation caused the changes in vascular impedance predicted from theoretical principles. In a mathematical model similar results were obtained when realistic values of the dimensions and physical properties of the femoral vascular bed were used. Arterial pressure/flow relationships expressed as vascular impedance provide valuable information on the properties of the vascular bed beyond.
Tigecycline therapy for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) bacteriuria leads to tigecycline resistance
Authors: D. van Duin, E.D. Cober, S.S. Richter, F. Perez, M. Cline, K.S. Kaye, R.C. Kalayjian, R.A. Salata, S.R. Evans, V.G. Fowler, R.A. Bonomo
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Cost Comparison of State Hospital and Community-Based Care for Seriously Mentally Ill Adults
Authors: Aileen B. Rothbard, Arie P. Schinnar, Trevor P. Hadley, Kathleen A. Foley, Eri Kuno
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: In 1989, Philadelphia began a bold experiment involving the total shutdown of a 500-bed state hospital. This study examines the service utilization and cost of treating individuals with serious mental illness in a community-based care system in which the state hospital was replaced with 60 extended acute care beds in general hospitals and 583 residential beds. METHOD: A pre-post study design was used to determine the utilization and cost differences before and after the state hospital closed for individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who required extended psychiatric hospitalization following an acute care crisis episode in a general hospital. The number and cost of days spent in general and in extended hospital and residential treatment were compared on an episode and an annual basis. RESULTS: The result of this analysis showed that after the state hospital closed, the direct treatment cost of an episode of care increased from $68,446 to $78,929, and the average annual cost of care per patient increased from $48,631 to $66,794 because of an increase in acute care hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that an "admission" cohort of seriously mentally ill patients requires an optimal mix of acute care, extended care, and residential beds, as well as ambulatory services, in order for cost-efficient care to be delivered during a crisis period. Determining the appropriate allocation and supply of beds in different settings is essential if community mental health systems are to manage the care of individuals with serious mental illness outside of institutional settings.
Induction of P-Selectin by Oxidized Lipoproteins
Authors: Devendra K. Vora, Zhuang-Ting Fang, Stephanie M. Liva, Timothy R. Tyner, Farhad Parhami, Andrew D. Watson, Thomas A. Drake, Mary C. Territo, Judith A. Berliner
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Leukocyte binding to the endothelium is one of the earliest events in the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Leukocyte adhesion molecules involved in this process have not been definitely identified. We have found that treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (MM-LDL) for 24 hours caused a 2- to 3-fold increase of P-selectin protein, with little change in P-selectin surface expression. A 15-minute histamine treatment of cells exposed to MM-LDL caused a 50% to 100% increase in P-selectin surface expression compared with cells not treated with the lipoprotein. This increase resulted in a 2-fold increase in binding of leukocytes to the endothelium. Immunostaining of permeabilized HAECs after MM-LDL treatment also revealed a highly reproducible increase in intracellular P-selectin associated with rod-shaped structures, typical of Weibel-Palade bodies. Oxidized phospholipids were shown to be mainly responsible for the action of MM-LDL. This increased P-selectin expression was associated with MM-LDL-induced cAMP elevation. Like histamine, highly oxidized low-density lipoprotein, especially the oxidized fatty acids, caused immediate redistribution of P-selectin to the cell surface followed by reinternalization. Immunohistochemical staining showed that endothelial cells on human fatty streak lesions expressed increased levels of P-selectin compared with nonlesion areas. These studies suggest that P-selectin may play an important role in early recruitment of mononuclear cells to the subendothelium in human atherosclerosis and that oxidized lipoproteins may contribute to the increased expression of this molecule by increasing intracellular stores and causing redistribution to the cell surface.
Asthma Mortality in U.S. Hispanics of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban Heritage, 1990–1995
Authors: DAVID M. HOMA, DAVID M. MANNINO, MARIELENA LARA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We used national vital statistics data for 1990 through 1995 to examine both national and regional age-adjusted asthma mortality rates for U.S. Hispanics of Mexican, Cuban, and Puerto Rican heritage, as well as for non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks. Nationally, Puerto Ricans had an age-adjusted annual asthma mortality rate of 40.9 per million, followed by Cuban-Americans (15.8 per million) and Mexican-Americans (9.2 per million). In comparison, non-Hispanic whites had an age-adjusted annual asthma mortality rate of 14.7 per million and non-Hispanic blacks had a rate of 38.1 per million. Age-adjusted asthma mortality for Puerto Ricans was highest in the Northeast (47.8 per million); this region accounted for 81% of all asthma deaths among Puerto Ricans in the United States. In the U.S., Puerto Ricans had the highest asthma mortality rates among Hispanics, followed by Cuban-Americans and Mexican-Americans. In addition, among Hispanic national groups, mortality rates were consistently higher in the Northeast than the Midwest, South, or West regions. These results further support that Hispanics do not represent a uniform, discrete group in terms of health outcomes, and that further public health research and interventions should take Hispanic national origin into account. Homa DM, Mannino DM, Lara M. Asthma mortality in U.S. Hispanics of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban heritage, 1990–1995.