tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14431: Low Prevalence of Bacterial Colonization of Electively Explanted Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs)
Authors: Avish Nagpal, Robin Patel, Larry M Baddour, Kerryl Greenwood-Quaintance, Joseph J Maleszewski, David L Hayes, Paul A Friedman, James M Steckelberg, Walter R Wilson, Muhammad R Sohail
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Whether or not electively explanted CIEDs are colonized with bacterial biofilms is controversial. We evaluated the prevalence of bacterial colonization of electively explanted CIEDs using traditional cultures and culture of material obtained after subjecting the explanted CIED to vortexing-sonication to sample biofilms on its surface. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 25 subjects undergoing replacement of a CIED generator due to ‘end-of-battery life’ over a period of 4 months. The pulse generator was transported to the laboratory in a sterile jar where Ringer’s lactate was added and vortexing-sonication applied. Sonicate was cultured aerobically and anaerobically in a semiquantitative manner. One device swab, one pocket swab, and one pocket tissue were collected; swabs were cultured aerobically and tissue aerobically and anaerobically. Results: Eleven of 25 sonicate fluid cultures grew <20 colonies/plate (quantity representative of contamination based on our studies of other implanted foreign...
Abstract P353: Acute Consumption of Walnuts Increases Ex Vivo Cholesterol Efflux and Postprandial Lipid Response in Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: Claire E Berryman, Jessica A Grieger, Sheila G West, George H Rothblat, Jun Zhang, Penny M Kris-Etherton
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Epidemiological and clinical evidence demonstrate benefits of walnuts on cardiometabolic risk factors. Hypothesis: Previously, we conducted a study that evaluated the acute, postprandial effects of walnut components [separated nut skins (5.6 g), de-fatted nutmeat (34 g), and nut oil (51 g)] versus whole walnuts (85 g) on lipid/lipoprotein responses and other measures of CVD risk. The results reported herein are from an ancillary study that compared postprandial whole walnut values to fasting values, to test the hypothesis that the whole walnut treatment would improve reverse cholesterol transport. Methods: A randomized 4-period crossover design was conducted with healthy overweight and obese adults (n=15; 9 women and 6 men) with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Plasma lipids were measured at 0 (fasting), 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min post meal consumption; serum for ex vivo cholesterol efflux analysis was collected at 0 and 240 min. The mean fractional efflux of radiolabeled cholesterol was conducted in J774 macrophage cells cultured with 2.5% human serum. Results: A mixed linear model demonstrated an increase in TG postprandially (P &lt; 0.01). TG levels were significantly increased at 120, 240, and 360 min compared to baseline (30.1 ± 5.1 mg/dl, 42.7 ± 5.2 mg/dl, 21.1 ± 5.1 mg/dl, respectively; P &lt; 0.01 for all). HDL-C and the total cholesterol:HDL-C (TC:HDL) ratio also increased postprandially (P = 0.04 and P &lt; 0.01, respectively). HDL-C increased at 60 min (1.8 ± 0.7 mg/dl; P = 0.01) and TC:HDL increased at 120, 240, and 360 min (0.2 ± 0.1, 0.3 ± 0.1, 0.3 ± 0.1, respectively; P &lt; 0.01 for all) compared to baseline. Cholesterol efflux was increased by 3.3 % in cells cultured with postprandial serum relative to fasting baseline (baseline: 18.6 ± 0.3 %, 240 min: 19.2 ± 0.3 %; P = 0.02). Cholesterol efflux correlated positively with plasma HDL-C concentrations (r = 0.43; P = 0.02). Conclusion: Acute consumption of walnuts increased ex vivo cholesterol efflux, suggesting a novel mechanism by which walnut consumption may reduce cardiovascular risk.
Restraint versus treatment: seclusion as discussed in the Boston State Hospital case
Authors: T G Gutheil
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The recent Boston State Hospital case in Massachusetts produced, among other results, a decision that highlights areas of gross conceptual nonalignment between law and psychiatry on the subject of seclusion. The author presents a critique of aspects of the decision that have important implications for the psychiatric use of seclusion and explores related problem areas in the relationship between law and psychiatry.
The device industry and payments to doctors
Authors: Sophie Arie
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A new voluntary code bans medical devices and diagnostics companies from directly paying doctors to attend educational events. Sophie Arie reports

Devices and diagnostics companies across Europe will no longer be allowed to pay doctors directly to attend third party educational conferences, under new rules designed to dispel concerns about possible conflicts of interest. 

MedTech Europe, the umbrella group for medical technology companies across Europe, says that by stopping direct sponsorship for educational events, the industry is going one step further than the drug industry, which has agreed to declare all such payments, not to stop them.

“They [pharma] say as long as it’s transparent the public can judge if it’s a conflict of interest,” said Aline Lautenberg, director of legal and compliance at MedTech Europe told The BMJ . “We say there are certain conflicts of interest that maybe we should prohibit happening. Transparency is not enough.”

The change is a key element in a new European-wide code of conduct which members approved at a vote on 2 December.1 Under the code, neutral organisations, such as professional bodies or hospitals, would act as intermediaries, distributing grants from industry so that healthcare professionals can attend conferences where they learn about the latest products and industry developments. 

“A doctor would not know …
Proteomics of Urinary Vesicles Links Plakins and Complement to Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mahdi Salih, Jeroen A. Demmers, Karel Bezstarosti, Wouter N. Leonhard, Monique Losekoot, Cees van Kooten, Ron T. Gansevoort, Dorien J.M. Peters, Robert Zietse, Ewout J. Hoorn
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Novel therapies in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) signal the need for markers of disease progression or response to therapy. This study aimed to identify disease-associated proteins in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), which include exosomes, in patients with ADPKD. We performed quantitative proteomics on uEVs from healthy controls and patients with ADPKD using a labeled approach and then used a label-free approach with uEVs of different subjects (healthy controls versus patients with ADPKD versus patients with non-ADPKD CKD). In both experiments, 30 proteins were consistently more abundant (by two-fold or greater) in ADPKD-uEVs than in healthy- and CKD-uEVs. Of these proteins, we selected periplakin, envoplakin, villin-1, and complement C3 and C9 for confirmation because they were also significantly overrepresented in pathway analysis and were previously implicated in ADPKD pathogenesis. Immunoblotting confirmed higher abundances of the selected proteins in uEVs from three independent groups of patients with ADPKD. Whereas uEVs of young patients with ADPKD and preserved kidney function already had higher levels of complement, only uEVs of patients with advanced stages of ADPKD had increased levels of villin-1, periplakin, and envoplakin. Furthermore, all five proteins correlated positively with total kidney volume. Analysis in kidney tissue from mice with kidney-specific, tamoxifen-inducible Pkd1 deletion demonstrated higher expression in more severe stages of the disease and correlation with kidney weight for each protein of interest. In summary, proteomic analysis of uEVs identified plakins and complement as disease-associated proteins in ADPKD. These proteins are new candidates for evaluation as biomarkers or targets for therapy in ADPKD.
Critical role of phospholipase A2 group IID in age-related susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome–CoV infection
Authors: Rahul Vijay, Xiaoyang Hua, David K. Meyerholz, Yoshimi Miki, Kei Yamamoto, Michael Gelb, Makoto Murakami, Stanley Perlman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation in the lungs are associated with aging and may contribute to age-related immune dysfunction. To maintain lung homeostasis, chronic inflammation is countered by enhanced expression of proresolving/antiinflammatory factors. Here, we show that age-dependent increases of one such factor in the lungs, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) group IID (PLA2G2D) with antiinflammatory properties, contributed to worse outcomes in mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Strikingly, infection of mice lacking PLA2G2D expression (Pla2g2d−/− mice) converted a uniformly lethal infection to a nonlethal one (&amp;gt;80% survival), subsequent to development of enhanced respiratory DC migration to the draining lymph nodes, augmented antivirus T cell responses, and diminished lung damage. We also observed similar effects in influenza A virus–infected middle-aged Pla2g2d−/− mice. Furthermore, oxidative stress, probably via lipid peroxidation, was found to induce PLA2G2D expression in mice and in human monocyte–derived macrophages. Thus, our results suggest that directed inhibition of a single inducible phospholipase, PLA2G2D, in the lungs of older patients with severe respiratory infections is potentially an attractive therapeutic intervention to restore immune function.
Is there a place for blood stem-cell transplantation for the younger adult patient with acute myelogenous leukemia? BGMT Group.
Authors: J Reiffers, A M Stoppa, M Attal, M Michallet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.5.1100 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7909328 Is there a place for blood stem-cell transplantation for the younger adult patient with acute myelogenous leukemia? BGMT Group. J ReiffersxJ ReiffersSearch for articles by this author , A M StoppaxA M StoppaSearch for articles by this author , M AttalxM AttalSearch for articles by this author , M MichalletxM MichalletSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.5.1100 First Page PDF © 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Galactosyltransferase Activity in Metastasizing and Nonmetastasizing Rat Mammary Carcinomas and Its Possible Relationship With Tumor Cell Surface Antigen Shedding 2
Authors: Sunil K. Chatterjee, Untae Kim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

In order to study the mechanism of tumor cell surface antigen shedding, galactosyltransferase levels were compared in 5 spontaneously metastasizing and 3 nonmetastasizing rat mammary tumors. The enzyme activity both with or without exogenous acceptors was higher in the metastasizing group. This difference did not seem to be due to the variation in levels of degrading enzymes such as pyrophosphatase or β-galactosidase found in these tumors. Little difference in the biochemical properties of the enzyme was found between the two groups. Most of the enzyme activity (60–70%) was recovered in the microsomal fraction, in which the enzyme was enriched more than fivefold. When the galactosyltransferase was assayed in “purified” plasma membrane fractions, 70% of the activity was associated with the plasma membrane vesicles, in which the enzyme was enriched by factors of 10–40. The number of galactose acceptor sites on the plasma membranes increased in parallel to the metastasizing capacity, indicating the presence of larger numbers of incomplete glycopeptides on their cell surfaces. These findings seemed to indicate that the greater turnover of glycoproteins in the spontaneously metastasizing tumor cell surface was caused by the shedding of surface antigens into the systemic circulation of the host.
A Comparative Global Phosphoproteomics Analysis of Obinutuzumab (GA101) Versus Rituximab (RTX) Against RTX Sensitive and Resistant Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) Demonstrates Differential Phosphorylation of Signaling Pathways Proteins
Authors: Aradhana Awasthi, Delphine C.M. Rolland, Mona Elmacken, Christopher Reggio, Janet Ayello, Carmella van de Ven, Venkatesha Basrur, Kevin Conlon, Damian Fermin, Matthew J. Barth, Kojo S.J. Elenitoba-Johnson, Megan S Lim, Mitchell S. Cairo
Journal: Blood (2014)
Study links Zika virus to Guillain-Barré syndrome
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A study of patients who developed Guillain-Barre syndrome during an outbreak of Zika virus in French Polynesia has provided the first compelling evidence of a causative link between the virus and the syndrome.1

The researchers of the study, published in the Lancet , said that Zika virus should be added to the list of infectious pathogens that can cause Guillain-Barre syndrome. They warn that countries in Latin America affected by the current Zika epidemic should be prepared for an increase in the incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome and ensure that they have enough intensive care beds.

Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare neurological complication seen after a variety of bacterial and viral infections, such as campylobacter and cytomegalovirus infections. Around 100 000 people develop it every year worldwide. …
Statistical Model of the Natural History of Cervical Carcinoma. II. Estimates of the Transition Time From Dysplasia to Carcinoma &lt;italic&gt;In Situ&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Bruce A. Barron, Ph.D., Ralph M. Richart, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Estimates are presented of the transition probabilities and transition times from dysplasia to carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix based on a statistical model of the natural history of this disease. The estimates, obtained from a longitudinal study of 557 women, were contrasted with prevalence rates obtained in a self-selected sample of over 11,000 women from Barbados, West Indies. These two independent sets of estimates, based on two different experimental designs, were shown to be concordant. The formula for the computation of the standard deviation of these estimates was given, together with the results of this computation for the observed sample data. The effects of those covariables that have been associated with the incidence of cervical neoplastic disease on these estimates were examined. The transition times and probabilities were associated with the total number of pregnancies but were not dependent on age at first coitus or age at first pregnancy. The results of this investigation provide an index of the history of cervical neoplastic disease that might be of use in contrasting the experience of different subsets of the population with respect to their transition probabilities and transition times through the several stages of the disease process.
Tocilizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Peter M Villiger, Sabine Adler, Stefan Kuchen, Felix Wermelinger, Diana Dan, Veronika Fiege, Lukas Bütikofer, Michael Seitz, Stephan Reichenbach
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
Coronary Angiographic Findings in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Elevated Cardiac Troponin
Authors: Hans-Christian Mochmann, Jan F. Scheitz, Gabor C. Petzold, Karl Georg Haeusler, Heinrich J. Audebert, Ulrich Laufs, Christine Schneider, Ulf Landmesser, Nikos Werner, Matthias Endres, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Christian H. Nolte
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background— A relevant proportion of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have elevated levels of cardiac troponins (cTn). However, the frequency of coronary ischemia as the cause of elevated cTn is unknown. The aim of our study was to analyze coronary vessel status in AIS patients with elevated cTn compared with patients presenting with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods and Results— Among 2123 consecutive patients with AIS prospectively screened at 2 tertiary hospitals, 13.7% had cTn elevation (&gt;50 ng/L). According to a prespecified sample size estimation, 29 patients with AIS (median age, 76 years [first–third quartiles, 70–82 years]; 52% male) underwent conventional coronary angiography and were compared with age- and sex-matched patients with NSTE-ACS. The primary end point was presence of coronary culprit lesions on coronary angiograms as analyzed by independent interventional cardiologists blinded for clinical data. Median cTn on presentation did not differ between patients with AIS or NSTE-ACS (95 versus 94 ng/L; P =0.70). Compared with patients with NSTE-ACS, patients with AIS were less likely to have coronary culprit lesions (7 of 29 versus 23 of 29; P &lt;0.001) or any obstructive coronary artery disease (15 of 29 versus 25 of 29; P =0.02; median number of vessels with &gt;50% stenosis, 1 [first–third quartiles, 0–2] versus 2 [first–third quartiles, 1–3]; P &lt;0.01). Conclusions— Coronary culprit lesions are significantly less frequent in AIS patients compared with age- and sex-matched patients with NSTE-ACS despite similar baseline cTn levels. Half of all AIS patients had no angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. Further studies are needed to clinically identify the minority of patients with AIS and angiographic evidence of a culprit lesion. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01263964.
Contribution of interleukin-1 to activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, neutrophil degranulation, and the release of secretory- type phospholipase A2 in sepsis: studies in nonhuman primates after interleukin-1 alpha administration and during lethal bacteremia
Authors: PM Jansen, MA Boermeester, E Fischer, IW de Jong, T van der Poll, LL Moldawer, CE Hack, SF Lowry
Journal: Blood (1995)
Annals On Being a Doctor Story Slam - Medical School in Kosovo
Authors: Delvina Hasimja Saraqini
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Web Exclusives19 January 2016Annals On Being a Doctor Story Slam - Medical School in KosovoFREEDelvina Hasimja Saraqini, MDDelvina Hasimja Saraqini, MDFrom The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/V15-0021 SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Video. Annals On Being a Doctor Story Slam - Medical School in Kosovo This story, "Medical School in Kosovo," by Dr. Delvina Hasimja Saraqini, is from the Annals On Being a Doctor Story Slam held on 18 November 2015 in Philadelphia, with support from the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation. (Duration 6:46)Building on the popular Annals feature “On Being a Doctor,” storytellers share stories about the experience of doctoring on video.For more videos from and information on Annals On Being a Doctor Story Slam, visit go.annals.org/StorySlam. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Note: This story is from the Annals On Being a Doctor Story Slam held on 18 November 2015 in Philadelphia, with support from the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation.Corresponding Author: Delvina Hasimja Saraqini, MD, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 January 2016Volume 164, Issue 2Page: SS10 ePublished: 19 January 2016 Issue Published: 19 January 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Effects of Smoking on the Development of Female Reproductive Cancers
Authors: Elaine M. Smith, Mary Fran Sowers, Trudy L. Burns
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The effect of smoking on the development of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers is evaluated among cases identified between November 1980 and July 1982 in the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Registry. Population-based, age-frequency matched controls were also evaluated, adjusting for potential confounders: Age, age of menarche, age of menopause, duration of menses, female family reproductive cancer history, obesity, parity, infertility, and lifetime steroid hormone use. Logistic regression analyses of total pack-years of cigarette exposure indicate that smoking is not significantly related to the development of breast cancer [relative risk (RR) = .99; confidence interval (CI) = .97, 1.02] or ovarian cancer (RR = 1.00; CI = 1.00, 1.00). Among women with endometrial cancer, the risk for those who smoke is increased among premenopausal women (RR = 1.27; CI = .65, 2.59) and decreased among postmenopausal women (RR = .41; CI = .16, 1.04).
MiR-16 is the most stable-expressed housekeeping microRNA in breast cancer tissues from primary and metastatic sites
Authors: G. Rinnerthaler, H. Hackl, F. Hamacher, S.P. Gampenrieder, C. Hufnagl, F. Romeder, C. Monzo Fuentes, C. Hauser-Kronberger, B. Mlineritsch, R. Greil
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Combined Cytotoxicity Effect of Hyperthermia and Anthracycline Antibiotics on Human Tumor Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Ohnoshi, T Ohnuma, J T Beranek, J F Holland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

The effects of temperature on the anthracycline antibiotics-induced cell kill of DND-1A human malignant melanoma (MM) and DND-39A Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines were studied by means of a clonogenic assay. The two cell lines differed in sensitivity when exposed to heat: The MM cells were unaffected by hyperthermia (42 degrees C), whereas BL cells were sensitive to this temperature. With the MM cells, hyperthermia potentiated the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (ADM), daunorubicin, mitoxantrone (DHAD), and quelamycin but did not enhance that of aclacinomycin (ACM). Conversely, the exposure of cells to the anthracycline compounds at 0 degree C resulted in almost complete disappearance of cell kill effects except with ACM; ACM retained substantial cell kill effects even at the given low temperature. For BL cells, ADM- or DHAD-induced cell lethality was also potentiated by hyperthermia; ACM produced only additive cell kill. At 0 degree C, ACM's effects virtually disappeared. These data indicate that human tumor cell lines have a substantial variety in heat sensitivity and that not every anthracycline antitumor agent is potentiated by temperature. ACM's thermoresponse is unique among anthracycline antibiotics studied. Additionally, it was shown that normothermic cell kill by ADM was not affected by hyperthermic preheating; however, preheating of appropriate duration produced important influence on subsequent hyperthermic ADM-induced cell kill.
Long term aspirin may reduce overall cancer risk
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Taking low dose aspirin regularly for at least six years is associated with a modest but significant reduction in the risk of cancer, especially cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, research published in JAMA Oncology has shown.1

The study found that taking aspirin at least twice a week was associated with a 3% lower incidence of developing any type of cancer. This was primarily due to a 15% lower risk of gastrointestinal tract cancers and a 19% lower risk of cancers …