tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identifying context-specific competencies required by community Australian Football sports trainers
Authors: Alex Donaldson, Caroline F Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background First-aid is a recommended injury prevention and risk management strategy in community sport; however, little is known about the sport-specific competencies required by first-aid providers. Objective To achieve expert consensus on the competencies required by community Australian Football (community-AF) sports trainers. Study design A three-round online Delphi process. Setting Community-AF. Participants 16 Australian sports first-aid and community-AF experts. Outcome measures Rating of competencies as either ‘essential’, ‘expected’, ‘ideal’ or ‘not required’. Results After Round 3, 47 of the 77 (61%) competencies were endorsed as ‘essential’ or ‘expected’ for a sports trainer to effectively perform the activities required to the standards expected at a community-AF club by ≥75% of experts. These competencies covered: the role of the sports trainer; the responsibilities of the sports trainer; emergency management; injury and illness assessment and immediate management; taping; and injury prevention and risk management. Four competencies (5%) were endorsed as ‘ideal’ or ‘not required’ by ≥85% of experts and were excluded from further consideration. The 26 competencies where consensus was not reached were retained as second-tier, optional competencies. Conclusions Sports trainers are important members of on-field first-aid teams, providing support to both injured players and other sports medicine professionals. The competencies identified in this study provide the basis of a proposed two-tiered community-AF–specific sports trainer education structure that can be implemented by the peak sports body. This includes six mandatory modules, relating to the ‘required’ competencies, and a further six optional modules covering competencies on which consensus was not reached.
Synovial tissue interleukin-18 expression and the response to treatment in patients with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: T Rooney
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To measure synovial tissue interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression in patients with inflammatory arthritis, and to identify associations with serum levels, disease activity, and response to treatment. <b>Methods:</b> Synovial tissue biopsies and serum samples were obtained from patients with early, active, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 12), undifferentiated seronegative arthritis (SnA) (n = 9), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (n = 5), and reactive arthritis (ReA) (n = 2) before and one year after introduction of disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment. Osteoarthritis (OA) tissues were compared. Tissue IL-18 expression was determined after immunohistochemical staining using a semiquantitative scale. Serum IL-18 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. <b>Results:</b> Before treatment was started, tissue IL-18 expression was increased in each diagnostic group compared with OA (p&lt;0.05). Tissue IL-18 expression was correlated with serum C reactive protein levels (<i>r</i> = 0.53, p = 0.003) but not with serum IL-18. After DMARD treatment, 12 patients (five RA, four SnA, three PsA) were re-evaluated. Decreases in tissue IL-18 expression were observed in eight, although the trend did not reach significance (p = 0.068). Changes in tissue IL-18 expression were correlated with changes in serum IL-18 (<i>r</i> = 0.62, p = 0.041) and C reactive protein (<i>r</i> = 0.72, p = 0.009). <b>Conclusions:</b> Synovial tissue IL-18 expression was correlated with disease activity in inflammatory arthritis. After treatment, tissue levels changed in parallel with changes in serum IL-18 and with changes in the acute phase response. These observations support a role for IL-18 in the pathophysiology of inflammatory arthritis.
A MIXED TUMOUR OF THE NASOPHARYNX
Authors: J. E. G. McGibbon
Journal: BMJ (1928)

MIXED TUMOUR OF? NASOPHARYNX.[ THE BRITINA left costal margin.In the course of four or five minutes -voluntary respiration was again established, the pupils con- tracted, and consciousness was regained.No residual effects w-ere noted.The examination of the electro-cardiogram during this period showed the normal cardiogram to be replaced by one in which the rate of the heart was reduced to one-half.No changes were to be seen in the P.Q.R. complex at the time of this clhange in the frequency.Each wave possessed its normal order, time relationship, and character.After tllis bradyeardia had lasted for ten seconds it was replaced by a series of small waves, which were suggestive of vibration of the string.There is no evidence in, the cardiogramii that the ventricle was-beating during this perio(l.At the end of the curve, whien the subject was removed fromii the
Psychosocial symptomatology, personal growth, and development among young adult patients following the diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma.
Authors: S Daiter, R A Larson, W W Weddington, J E Ultmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Leukemias and lymphomas, especially Hodgkin's disease, are common cancers in young adults. Young adulthood is also a critical period for psychological and social development. The occurrence of cancer can interfere with the development of independence, self-image, and life goals of young adult patients. Young adult patients with leukemia or lymphoma, especially those with less favorable prognoses, experience areas of significant personal growth and maturation during their illness and treatment. Close family and social supports report as much psychosocial stress, and in many cases more stress, than the patients themselves, but similar patterns of personal growth are rarely seen.
Differentiation-induced skin cancer suppression by FOS, p53, and TACE/ADAM17
Authors: Juan Guinea-Viniegra, Rainer Zenz, Harald Scheuch, María Jiménez, Latifa Bakiri, Peter Petzelbauer, Erwin F. Wagner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are heterogeneous and aggressive skin tumors for which innovative, targeted therapies are needed. Here, we identify a p53/TACE pathway that is negatively regulated by FOS and show that the FOS/p53/TACE axis suppresses SCC by inducing differentiation. We found that epidermal Fos deletion in mouse tumor models or pharmacological FOS/AP-1 inhibition in human SCC cell lines induced p53 expression. Epidermal cell differentiation and skin tumor suppression were caused by a p53-dependent transcriptional activation of the metalloprotease TACE/ADAM17 (TNF-α-converting enzyme), a previously unknown p53 target gene that was required for NOTCH1 activation. Although half of cutaneous human SCCs display p53-inactivating mutations, restoring p53/TACE activity in mouse and human skin SCCs induced tumor cell differentiation independently of the p53 status. We propose FOS/AP-1 inhibition or p53/TACE reactivating strategies as differentiation-inducing therapies for SCCs.
Cancer progression modeling using static sample data
Authors: Yijun Sun, Jin Yao, Norma J Nowak, Steve Goodison
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Abstract As molecular profiling data continue to accumulate, the design of integrative computational analyses that can provide insights into the dynamic aspects of cancer progression becomes feasible. Here, we present a novel computational method for the construction of cancer progression models based on the analysis of static tumor samples. We demonstrate the reliability of the method with simulated data, and describe the application to breast cancer data. Our findings support a linear, branching model for breast cancer progression. An interactive model facilitates the identification of key molecular events in the advance of disease to malignancy.
Sleep {middle dot} 9: An approach to treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome including upper airway surgery
Authors: C F Ryan
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<h3>Purpose</h3> Prospective study evaluating outcomes of individually sutured platinum segment chains in upper eyelid loading. <h3>Methods</h3> Single-centre, single-surgeon, prospective study. Upper eyelid loading with 0.4 and 0.2 g platinum segment chains for lagophthalmos. Segments were sutured to create a desired weight and attached to superior tarsus and distal levator aponeurosis following levator recession. Primary outcome measures: improvement in lagophthalmos and complications. Secondary outcome measures: cosmesis of eyelid margin contour and implant prominence. Minimum 3-month follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> Eighteen eyelids of 17 patients received segment chains (mean weight 1.2 g, range 0.8–1.6 g) and 3 for exchange of pre-existing gold weights. Median follow-up was 10 (range 6–17) months. Mean blink lagophthalmos improved from 7 (3–10) mm to 3 (0–6) mm (p&lt;0.0001), and gentle closure from 3.2 (0–8) mm to 1.1 (0–4.9) mm (p=0.0004). Twelve patients (71%) reported <i>no prominence,</i> and the remainder, <i>mild prominence</i> only. The chain was graded as having no prominence in 78% (14/18) eyelids. Two required segment adjustments with removal of a single 0.2 g segment at 11 months and transfer of 0.4 g segment to the contralateral eyelid at 16 months, respectively. One complication (posterior, trans-conjunctival exposure above the superior border of the tarsal plate) was seen 12 months post surgery, requiring repositioning. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Platinum segment chains provide benefits of platinum chains with additional advantages of postoperative adjustibility. They can be used as an addition to pre-existing in situ weights or chains. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> REC reference: 13/SW/0146. IRAS project ID: 119022.
Supervised physiotherapy after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy: is it effective?
Authors: P C Goodwin, M C Morrissey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Much more evidence is required to judge whether supervised physiotherapy is effective after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy

Our recently published finding that a supervised physiotherapy programme plus written and verbal advice after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy surgery is no more effective than written and verbal advice alone1 has caused much interest and debate.2 More recently, public debate has arisen from the study by Frost et al ,3 reporting in the same vein that routine physiotherapy seems to be no more effective than one session of assessment and advice for low back pain. These results should be applied to clinical practice with caution.

In our …
Engineering Approaches to Biomanipulation
Authors: Jaydev P. Desai, Anand Pillarisetti, Ari D. Brooks
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2007)

This article presents a review on the existing techniques for manipulating biological cells. Because biomanipulation involves a wide range of disciplines, from biology to engineering, we concentrate on some of the key methodologies that would result in an efficient biomanipulation system. Some of the key methodologies discussed in this article for cell manipulation relate to the use of magnetics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based approaches, optics, electric field, and mechanical techniques. Recent advances in engineering have allowed researchers worldwide to address the problems arising from conventional manipulation techniques. This paper assimilates significance and limitations of biomanipulation techniques described in the literature.
The pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during chemotherapy
Authors: LJ Clancy, P Kelly, L O'Reilly, C Byrne, E Costello
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

We used the guinea pig as an experimental model to investigate the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sputum samples were injected subcutaneously into guinea pigs and the animals were killed and an autopsy performed after eight weeks. The likelihood of the sputum samples producing tuberculosis in the guinea pig was related to culture positivity rather than to duration of chemotherapy. This study does not support the belief that a change in pathogenicity occurs during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Influence Chemotherapy Transport by Modulating Expression and Trafficking of a Common Polymorphic Variant of the ABCG2 Efflux Transporter
Authors: Agnes Basseville, Akina Tamaki, Caterina Ierano, Shana Trostel, Yvona Ward, Robert W. Robey, Ramanujan S. Hegde, Susan E. Bates
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) have exhibited some efficacy in clinical trials, but it is clear that their most effective applications have yet to be fully determined. In this study, we show that HDIs influence the expression of a common polymorphic variant of the chemotherapy drug efflux transporter ABCG2, which contributes to normal tissue protection. As one of the most frequent variants in human ABCG2, the polymorphism Q141K impairs expression, localization, and function, thereby reducing drug clearance and increasing chemotherapy toxicity. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the ABCG2 Q141K variant was fully processed but retained in the aggresome, a perinuclear structure, where misfolded proteins aggregate. In screening for compounds that could correct its expression, localization, and function, we found that the microtubule-disrupting agent colchicine could induce relocalization of the variant from the aggresome to the cell surface. More strikingly, we found that HDIs could produce a similar effect but also restore protein expression to wild-type levels, yielding a restoration of ABCG2-mediated specific drug efflux activity. Notably, HDIs did not modify aggresome structures but instead rescued newly synthesized protein and prevented aggresome targeting, suggesting that HDIs disturbed trafficking along microtubules by eliciting changes in motor protein expression. Together, these results showed how HDIs are able to restore wild-type functions of the common Q141K polymorphic isoform of ABCG2. More broadly, our findings expand the potential uses of HDIs in the clinic.
Improved outcome in multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis is associated with therapy intensification
Authors: Helmut Gadner, Nicole Grois, Ulrike Pötschger, Milen Minkov, Maurizio Aricò, Jorge Braier, Valerie Broadbent, Jean Donadieu, Jan-Inge Henter, Robert McCarter, Stephan Ladisch
Journal: Blood (2007)
Prospective international trial of endobronchial implantation of electromagnetic fiducials for real-time tracking of lung tumors during radiotherapy (RT)
Authors: Chris Bolliger, Daniel Nader, Felix Herth, Alexander Chen, Gerald Paris, Frank Zimmermann, Daniela Gompelmann, Michael Payne, Parag Parikh, Michael Tamm
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Technologic advance in RT delivery has resulted in dramatic improvement in lung cancer tumor control, but respiratory motion of these tumors still complicate RT. We present our results implanting novel anchored electromagnetic transponders (Varian Medical, Palo Alto, CA) which provide real-time localization and tracking of tumor position during RT.

Methods: 31 patients (pts) underwent bronchoscopic implantation of 3 transponders (93 total) in small airways in or near the tumor under fluoroscopy ± superDimension electromagnetic navigation or EBUS. Transponder positions were determined from serial CTs to assess positional stability. Localization and tracking of transponders and tumor was performed using the Calypso System during RT.

Results: There were 14 males/17 females, ages 43-79 (med. 63), with 10/31 tumors in the LUL and 21 in the other lobes. Follow-up was 0-12 mos (med. 2 mos). No unique skills or tools were required for implantation, and satisfaction with the procedure was high. 29 pts had no significant problems associated with the transponder or procedure. One pt with an apical pleural-based tumor developed a pneumothorax, resolving overnight after chest tube placement. Migration of 1 transponder at appx 1 wk was attributed to implantation in a larger airway; pt was asymptomatic. Positional stability of 74/75 transponders was confirmed in the 25 pts completing RT to date. Localization and tracking was achieved in all pts in whom this was attempted.

Conclusions: Implantation of electromagnetic anchored transponders is feasible and safe. This technology should enable highly accurate delivery of radiotherapy.
Market integration, cognitive awareness, and the expansion of moral empathy
Authors: William Jankowiak
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

The target article authors' study has highlighted the relationship between market integration and an increased willingness to enter into cooperative exchanges. Less developed, albeit implied, in their analysis are the theoretical implications of their findings for the theory of altruism first developed by Adam Smith and later expanded in the works of the American historian, Thomas Haskell.
Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Light of Recent Evidence
Authors: Caroline S. Fox, Sherita Hill Golden, Cheryl Anderson, George A. Bray, Lora E. Burke, Ian H. de Boer, Prakash Deedwania, Robert H. Eckel, Abby G. Ershow, Judith Fradkin, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Mikhail Kosiborod, Robert G. Nelson, Mahesh J. Patel, Michael Pignone, Laurie Quinn, Philip R. Schauer, Elizabeth Selvin, Dorothea K. Vafiadis
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Cardiovascular disease risk factor control as primary prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has changed substantially in the past few years. The purpose of this scientific statement is to review the current literature and key clinical trials pertaining to blood pressure and blood glucose control, cholesterol management, aspirin therapy, and lifestyle modification. We present a synthesis of the recent literature, new guidelines, and clinical targets, including screening for kidney and subclinical cardiovascular disease for the contemporary management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase III Enhances Invasive Phenotypes Via β1-Integrin and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Hsiu-Hao Chang, Chia-Hua Chen, Chih-Hsing Chou, Yung-Feng Liao, Miao-Juei Huang, Ya-Hsin Chen, Wei-Jen Wang, John Huang, Ji-Shiang Hung, Wan-Ling Ho, Yung-Ming Jeng, Mei-Ieng Che, Hsinyu Lee, Meng-Yao Lu, Yung-Li Yang, Shiann-Tarng Jou, Dong-Tsamn Lin, Kai-Hsin Lin, Wen-Ming Hsu, Min-Chuan Huang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neural crest-derived tumor that commonly occurs in childhood. β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase III (B4GALT3) is highly expressed in human fetal brain and is responsible for the generation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, which plays a critical role in tumor progression. We therefore investigated the expression and role of B4GALT3 in NB. Experimental Design: We examined B4GALT3 expression in tumor specimens from 101 NB patients by immunohistochemistry and analyzed the correlation between B4GALT3 expression and clinicopathologic factors or survival. The functional role of B4GALT3 expression was investigated by overexpression or knockdown of B4GALT3 in NB cells for in vitro and in vivo studies. Results: We found that B4GALT3 expression correlated with advanced clinical stages (P = 0.040), unfavorable Shimada histology (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and lower survival rate (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that B4GALT3 expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor survival of NB patients. B4GALT3 overexpression increased migration, invasion, and tumor growth of NB cells, whereas B4GALT3 knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotypes of NB cells. Mechanistic investigation showed that B4GALT3-enhanced migration and invasion were significantly suppressed by β1-integrin blocking antibody. Furthermore, B4GALT3 overexpression increased lactosamine glycans on β1-integrin, increased expression of mature β1-integrin via delayed degradation, and enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Conversely, these properties were decreased by knockdown of B4GALT3 in NB cells. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that B4GALT3 predicts an unfavorable prognosis for NB and may regulate invasive phenotypes through modulating glycosylation, degradation, and signaling of β1-integrin in NB cells. Clin Cancer Res; 19(7); 1705–16. ©2013 AACR.
The Human T-Box Mesodermal Transcription Factor Brachyury Is a Candidate Target for T-Cell–Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Claudia Palena, Dmitry E. Polev, Kwong Y. Tsang, Romaine I. Fernando, Mary Litzinger, Larisa L. Krukovskaya, Ancha V. Baranova, Andrei P. Kozlov, Jeffrey Schlom
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Identification of tumor antigens is essential in advancing immune-based therapeutic interventions in cancer. Particularly attractive targets are those molecules that are selectively expressed by malignant cells and that are also essential for tumor progression. Experimental Design and Results: We have used a computer-based differential display analysis tool for mining of expressed sequence tag clusters in the human Unigene database and identified Brachyury as a novel tumor antigen. Brachyury, a member of the T-box transcription factor family, is a key player in mesoderm specification during embryonic development. Moreover, transcription factors that control mesoderm have been implicated in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which has been postulated to be a key step during tumor progression to metastasis. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis validated the in silico predictions and showed Brachyury expression in tumors of the small intestine, stomach, kidney, bladder, uterus, ovary, and testis, as well as in cell lines derived from lung, colon, and prostate carcinomas, but not in the vast majority of the normal tissues tested. An HLA-A0201 epitope of human Brachyury was identified that was able to expand T lymphocytes from blood of cancer patients and normal donors with the ability to lyse Brachyury-expressing tumor cells. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that (a) a T-box transcription factor and (b) a molecule implicated in mesodermal development, i.e., EMT, can be a potential target for human T-cell–mediated cancer immunotherapy.
A Case Illustrating the Difficulty of Diagnosis in Gastric Ulcer
Authors: W. C. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1897)

neuritis.It is interesting to note that optic neuritis is not mentioned as occurring in enteric fever by either Fagge, Osler, or Strtimpell, while Sir William Broadbent, in Quain's Dictionary,mentions it onlyas an almost pathognomonic sign of meningitis.On the other hand, Gowers speaks of it as being not uncommon in both enteric and scarlet fevers; and Taylor records a similar case that has come under his notice.
Prediction of late distant recurrence in patients with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer: a prospective comparison of the breast-cancer index (BCI) assay, 21-gene recurrence score, and IHC4 in the TransATAC study population
Authors: Dennis C Sgroi, Ivana Sestak, Jack Cuzick, Yi Zhang, Catherine A Schnabel, Brock Schroeder, Mark G Erlander, Anita Dunbier, Kally Sidhu, Elena Lopez-Knowles, Paul E Goss, Mitch Dowsett
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)