tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cerebral air embolism after transthoracic aspiration with a 0.6 mm (23 gauge) needle
Authors: E Omenaas, O Moerkve, L Thomassen, L Daehlin, J Larsen, S Eidsvik, A Gulsvik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

A 54 yr old man experienced weakness in his legs, ataxia and subsequent urinary retention after a percutaneous fine-needle aspiration of a tumor in the right lower lobe. Clinical neurological examination and electroencephalography revealed signs of a brain stem lesion, probably due to an air embolism to the basilar artery. The symptoms and signs gradually disappeared prior to, as well as after, hyperbaric oxygen treatment. We believe this to be the first case of air embolism after transthoracic puncture with a 23 gauge needle to be reported in medical literature.
Wireless capsule endoscopic finding in Cronkhite-Canada syndrome
Authors: X C Cao
Journal: Gut (2006)

As a new exciting non-invasive diagnostic technology, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has demonstrated its power in examining the small bowel. There is growing acceptance globally not only in the investigation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, but in several uncommon diseases such as Behcet’s disease,1 Whipple’s disease,2 even hereditary polyposis syndromes, and so on. In 2005, several articles in Gut discussed its increasing role in the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease.3–5

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare non-hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis with ectodermal changes, first reported in 1955. Intestinal polyposis is one of the common features but there are few published studies showing the direct view in vivo, which has been confirmed mainly by radiological studies previously, partly because of the limitations of the technique. Hence WCE was performed to learn more about the small bowel mucosa in CCS.

A …
Genetic Evidence of Paleolithic Colonization and Neolithic Expansion of Modern Humans on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xuebin Qi, Chaoying Cui, Yi Peng, Xiaoming Zhang, Zhaohui Yang, Hua Zhong, Hui Zhang, Kun Xiang, Xiangyu Cao, Yi Wang, None Ouzhuluobu, None Basang, None Ciwangsangbu, None Bianba, None Gonggalanzi, Tianyi Wu, Hua Chen, Hong Shi, Bing Su
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Tibetans live on the highest plateau in the world, their current population size is approximately 5 million, and most of them live at an altitude exceeding 3,500 m. Therefore, the Tibetan Plateau is a remarkable area for cultural and biological studies of human population history. However, the chronological profile of the Tibetan Plateau’s colonization remains an unsolved question of human prehistory. To reconstruct the prehistoric colonization and demographic history of modern humans on the Tibetan Plateau, we systematically sampled 6,109 Tibetan individuals from 41 geographic populations across the entire region of the Tibetan Plateau and analyzed the phylogeographic patterns of both paternal (n = 2,354) and maternal (n = 6,109) lineages as well as genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers (n = 50) in Tibetan populations. We found that there have been two distinct, major prehistoric migrations of modern humans into the Tibetan Plateau. The first migration was marked by ancient Tibetan genetic signatures dated to approximately 30,000 years ago, indicating that the initial peopling of the Tibetan Plateau by modern humans occurred during the Upper Paleolithic rather than Neolithic. We also found evidences for relatively young (only 7–10 thousand years old) shared Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes between Tibetans and Han Chinese, suggesting a second wave of migration during the early Neolithic. Collectively, the genetic data indicate that Tibetans have been adapted to a high altitude environment since initial colonization of the Tibetan Plateau in the early Upper Paleolithic, before the last glacial maximum, followed by a rapid population expansion that coincided with the establishment of farming and yak pastoralism on the Plateau in the early Neolithic.
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in working-age adults with diabetes: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Darren Lau, Dean T Eurich, Sumit R Majumdar, Alan Katz, Jeffrey A Johnson
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Guidelines recommend influenza vaccinations in all diabetic adults, but there is limited evidence to support vaccinating working-age adults (&lt;65 years) with diabetes. We examined the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in this subgroup, compared with elderly adults (≥65 years) for whom vaccination recommendations are well accepted. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified all adults with diabetes, along with a sample of age-matched and sex-matched comparison subjects without diabetes, from 2000 to 2008, using administrative data from Manitoba, Canada. With multivariable Poisson regression, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) on influenza-like illnesses (ILIs), pneumonia and influenza (PI) hospitalisations and all-cause (ALL) hospitalisations during periods of known circulating influenza. Analyses were replicated outside of influenza season to rule out residual confounding. <h3>Results</h3> We included 543 367 person-years of follow-up, during which 223 920 ILI, 5422 PI and 94 988 ALL occurred. The majority (58%) of adults with diabetes were working age. In this group, influenza vaccination was associated with relative reductions in PI (43%, 95% CI 28% to 54%) and ALL (28%, 95% CI 24% to 32%) but not ILI (−1%, 95% CI −3% to 1%). VE was similar in elderly adults for ALL (33–34%) and PI (45–55%), although not ILI (12–13%). However, similar estimates of effectiveness were also observed for all three groups during non-influenza control periods. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Working-age adults with diabetes experience similar benefits from vaccination as elderly adults, supporting current diabetes-specific recommendations. However, these benefits were also manifest outside of influenza season, suggesting residual bias. Vaccination recommendations in all high-risk adults would benefit from randomised trial evidence.
Locally advanced/inflammatory breast cancers treated with intensive epirubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy: are there molecular markers in the primary tumour that predict for 5-year clinical outcome?
Authors: H. Bonnefoi, S. Diebold-Berger, P. Therasse, A. Hamilton, M. van de Vijver, G. MacGrogan, L. Shepherd, N. Amaral, C. Duval, R. Drijkoningen, D. Larsimont, M. Piccart
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Is an extra dose of rituximab an efficacious and safe alternative to improve outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis? Comment on the article by Vital<i>et al</i>
Authors: Markus Bredemeier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

I read with interest the paper by Vital et al ,1 a pilot study testing the efficacy of an extra dose of rituximab (completing 3×1000 mg over 4 weeks) in comparison with the standard-dose regimen (2×1000 mg) in rheumatoid arthritis patients with incomplete depletion of B cells after a first 1000 mg dose of rituximab (RTX). The study represents an advance in the knowledge about the effects of RTX, but I have some concerns about the interpretation …
Management of palmoplantar pustulosis: do we need to change?
Authors: U. Mrowietz, P.C.M. van de Kerkhof
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Management of palmoplantar pustulosis: do we need to change? Get access U. Mrowietz, U. Mrowietz Psoriasis‐Center at the Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany Ulrich Mrowietz. E‐mail: umrowietz@dermatology.uni‐kiel.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.C.M. van de Kerkhof P.C.M. van de Kerkhof Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 164, Issue 5, 1 May 2011, Pages 942–946, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10233.x Published: 01 May 2011
Prevalence and impact on FEV1 decline of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Eef Vanderhelst, Liesbeth De Meirleir, Sylvia Verbanck, Denis Piérard, Walter Vincken, Anne Malfroot
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Rationale:  Risk factors for methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and the impact on CF disease progression are still under debate.   Objectives:  To study clinical variables associated with MRSA infection and examine impact on FEV 1  evolution in CF patients.   Methods:  A retrospective case-control study from 2002 to 2010, comparing clinical variables and decline of FEV 1  of MRSA positive patients with age-and sex matched controls.   Results:  Thirty of the 165 CF patients (18.2%) had cultures positive for MRSA. Excluding patients under 4 years, the prevalence became 15.2% (23/151). Chronic infection was found in 19/151 (12.6%).  Most apparent differences between the groups were: a higher proportion of patients with genotype F508del, less pancreas sufficient patients, more bronchiectasis and more frequent hospitalization in the MRSA group.  The FEV 1  recorded one year prior to, and at the moment of MRSA infection, was not significantly different from that obtained in controls. However, FEV 1  decline over 2 and 6 year periods, were significantly greater in the MRSA group than in the controls. In fact, over a 6 year period FEV 1  decline amounted to -2.6% versus -1.3%predicted per year in the MRSA group and controls respectively ( p =0.031).   Conclusion:  Prevalence of MRSA in CF patients averaged 15%, and MRSA infection was shown to be associated with a particular genotype, presence of bronchiectasis and hospitalization. Our spirometric data also clearly show that a MRSA episode entails an FEV 1  decline that is almost double that predicted for CF patients who can remain unaffected by MRSA.
Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite reduced use of anthracyclines and cranial radiotherapy: results of trial ALL-BFM 90. German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFM Study Group.
Authors: Martin Schrappe, Alfred Reiter, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Jochen Harbott, Martin Zimmermann, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Charlotte Niemeyer, Günter Henze, Andreas Feldges, Felix Zintl, Bernhard Kornhuber, Jörg Ritter, Karl Welte, Helmut Gadner, Hansjörg Riehm
Journal: Blood (2000)
The Chondramides: Cytostatic Agents From Myxobacteria Acting on the Actin Cytoskeleton
Authors: F. Sasse, B. Kunze, T. M. A. Gronewold, H. Reichenbach
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Background: Chondramides are cyclodepsipeptides produced by strains of the myxobacterium, Chondromyces crocatus . These peptides, which have been reported to inhibit yeast and mammalian cell proliferation, are related to jasplakinolide, which has been isolated from marine sponges of the genus Jaspis and has been shown to interfere with the actin cytoskeleton (a structural component of cells that helps maintain their shape and is involved in processes, such as cell division and cell locomotion). We studied the effects of the chondramides (A, B, C, and D) on tumor cell growth, on cytoskeletal structure, and on actin polymerization in vitro and compared these effects with those of cytochalasin D and jasplakinolide. Methods: Cell proliferation was measured by means of tetrazolimn salt reduction assays. Effects on the cytoskeleton were studied by use of fluorescence techniques, and actin polymerization in vitro was measured by means of viscosimetry. Results: Proliferolation of tested tumor cell lines was inhibited by the chondramides. Concentrations that inhibited proliferation by 50% (IC 50 values) ranged from 3 to 85 n M and were of the same order of magnitude as those found for cytochalasin D and jasplakinolide. Fluorescence staining of potoroo cells incubated with chondramides A and B showed that organization of the actin cytoskeleton was disrupted; however, the microtubule system was not affected. Viscosimetric measurement showed that, depending on the experimental conditions, chondramide A induced or accelerated actin polymerization in vitro. Conclusion: The chondramides—unlike jasplakinolide—can be produced in large amounts by fermentation, and, similar to jasplakinolide, they appear to have antiproliferative activity against carcinoma cell lines by targeting the actin cytoskeleton. [J Nall Cancer Inst 1998; 90:1559–63]
Transplantation of thymic autoimmune microenvironment to severe combined immunodeficiency mice. A new model of myasthenia gravis.
Authors: S Schönbeck, F Padberg, R Hohlfeld, H Wekerle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To study the role of the thymus in the cellular pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) we transplanted thymus tissue fragments from MG thymuses beneath the kidney capsule of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Immunocytochemical studies documented that the human thymus tissues are accepted as long-term grafts in the host SCID mice, with human lymphocytes, thymic stroma, and thymic myoid cells demonstrable in transplanted thymus for at least 15 weeks after transplantation. Human anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies became detectable 1 to 2 weeks after transplantation, and in most chimeras the titers increased over at least 11 weeks to reach levels typically found in severe human MG. Human Ig deposits were detected at skeletal muscle end-plates, demonstrating that the human (auto)antibodies bound to murine acetylcholine receptor. In contrast, transfers of dissociated thymus cells only lead to a transient increase of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Our data prove that myasthenia gravis thymus is able to induce and maintain autoantibody production in immunodeprived host animals, and that this tissue contains all cellular components required for autoantibody production. Transplantation of solid thymus tissue seems to transfer an autoimmune microenvironment, which will allow direct studies of the mechanism of autosensitization inside the thymus.
A Pharmacodynamic Model for the Time Course of Tumor Shrinkage by Gemcitabine + Carboplatin in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Lai-San Tham, Lingzhi Wang, Ross A. Soo, Soo-Chin Lee, How-Sung Lee, Wei-Peng Yong, Boon-Cher Goh, Nicholas H.G. Holford
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: This tumor response pharmacodynamic model aims to describe primary lesion shrinkage in non–small cell lung cancer over time and determine if concentration-based exposure metrics for gemcitabine or that of its metabolites, 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine or gemcitabine triphosphate, are better than gemcitabine dose for prediction of individual response. Experimental Design: Gemcitabine was given thrice weekly on days 1 and 8 in combination with carboplatin, which was given only on day 1 of every cycle. Gemcitabine amount in the body and area under the concentration-time curves of plasma gemcitabine, 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine, and intracellular gemcitabine triphosphate in white cells were compared to determine which best describes tumor shrinkage over time. Tumor growth kinetics were described using a Gompertz-like model. Results: The apparent half-life for the effect of gemcitabine was 7.67 weeks. The tumor turnover time constant was 21.8 week·cm. Baseline tumor size and gemcitabine amount in the body to attain 50% of tumor shrinkage were estimated to be 6.66 cm and 10,600 mg. There was no evidence of relapse during treatment. Conclusions: Concentration-based exposure metrics for gemcitabine and its metabolites were no better than gemcitabine amount in predicting tumor shrinkage in primary lung cancer lesions. Gemcitabine dose-based models did marginally better than treatment-based models that ignored doses of drug administered to patients. Modeling tumor shrinkage in primary lesions can be used to quantify individual sensitivity and response to antitumor effects of anticancer drugs.
Ceramide Inhibits Antigen Uptake and Presentation by Dendritic Cells
Authors: Federica Sallusto, Chiara Nicolò, Ruggero De Maria, Silvia Corinti, Roberto Testi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Ceramides are intramembrane diffusible mediators involved in transducing signals originated from a variety of cell surface receptors. Different adaptive and differentiative cellular responses, including apoptotic cell death, use ceramide-mediated pathways as an essential part of the program. Here, we show that human dendritic cells respond to CD40 ligand, as well as to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1 beta, with intracellular ceramide accumulation, as they are induced to differentiate. Dendritic cells down-modulate their capacity to take up soluble antigens in response to exogenously added or endogenously produced ceramides. This is followed by an impairment in presenting soluble antigens to specific T cell clones, while cell viability and the capacity to stimulate allogeneic responses or to present immunogenic peptides is fully preserved. Thus, ceramide-mediated pathways initiated by different cytokines can actively modulate professional antigen-presenting cell function and antigen-specific immune responses.
Pronucleotides: Toward thein vivo delivery of antiviral and anticancer nucleotides
Authors: Carston R. Wagner, Vidhya V. Iyer, Edward J. McIntee
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2000)

To overcome the many hurdles preventing the use of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides as therapeutics, the development of a prodrug methodology (i.e., pronucleotide) for the in vivo delivery of nucleotides has been proposed as a solution. The ideal pronucleotide should be non-toxic, stable in plasma and blood, capable of being i.v. and/or orally dosed, and intracellularly convertible to the corresponding nucleotide. Although this goal has yet to be achieved, many clever and imaginative pronucleotide approaches have been developed, which are likely to be important pharmacological tools. This review will discuss the major advances and future directions of the emerging field of antiviral and anticancer pronucleotide design and development. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 20, No. 6, 417–451, 2000
Evaluation of the utility of a radioimmunoassay for serum CA 19-9 levels in patients before and after treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas.
Authors: J Glenn, W M Steinberg, S H Kurtzman, S M Steinberg, W F Sindelar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

By radioimmunoassay we determined circulating levels of a tumor-associated antigen, CA 19-9, in 47 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, to learn if serial testing was useful in predicting prognosis or in detecting disease progression. Before treatment, 42 (89%) had an abnormal serum level, and 45 (96%) had an abnormal level at some time during the disease course. A pretreatment value of less than 1,000 U/mL (normal, less than or equal to 37 U/mL) was found in 38 patients; 20 (53%) had resectable disease. One of nine patients (11%) with a pretreatment value greater than 1,000 U/mL had resectable disease (P2 = .05). Among 14 patients who underwent pancreatectomy and were studied serially, the CA 19-9 level normalized in eight; seven (88%) survived greater than or equal to 18 months. Six patients whose levels did not normalize after pancreatectomy all died in less than 12 months (P2 less than .005). Greatly elevated levels occurred in 11 patients after pancreatectomy 1 to 7 months before clinically apparent recurrence. The other three patients without significant elevations remain clinically free of disease. The data suggest that serial determination of serum CA 19-9 levels are useful as a prognostic indicator and in detecting disease recurrence following pancreatectomy. Concurrent determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels showed abnormal preoperative values in 28 of 46 patients tested (61%). Concurrent serial postoperative determinations of CEA were available in ten patients. Whereas CA 19-9 values clearly indicated eight recurrences, CEA was helpful in only four. In this small group of patients, CA 19-9 was a better predictor of recurrence.
DIABETES EM MOVIMENTO® - COMMUNITY-BASED EXERCISE PROGRAM FOR PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Romeu Mendes, Nelson Sousa, Victor Machado Reis, José Luís Themudo Barata
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Exercise is widely recommended as a nonpharmacological therapeutic strategy essential to control of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular related risk. This study aims to present Diabetes em Movimento® a community-based group exercise program designed for patients with type 2 diabetes developed in the city of Covilhã, Portugal. Program structure The content of this program has been prepared in accordance with international recommendations for physical activity and exercise to control diabetes type 2 and taking into consideration that the majority of this population is more than 60 years old, is overweight, sedentary and has low physical fitness. Exercise sessions are held three times per week on non consecutive days (Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays) with a duration of around 70 minutes. Sessions consist of five phases: 1) Warm up (5 min), which includes brisk walking; 2) cardiovascular training with aerobic exercise (30 min), which includes walking at different speeds, relay races, obstacle and stairs courses; 3) Muscle strength training through resistance exercises (20 min) performed with chairs, dumbbells, fitness balls and bodyweight exercises; 4) Agility training (10 min) consisting of reduced, simplified and adapted team ball games; and 5) Cool down/flexibility (5 min) through static and dynamic stretching exercises. Prevention of exercise-related acute adverse events. Exercise intensity is monitored with Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale and hydration during exercise is encouraged in breaks designed for this purpose. Capillary blood glucose and blood pressure monitoring are performed regularly before and after exercise and patients are educated to recognize symptoms of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypotension, hypertensive crisis, myocardial ischemia and stroke. Patients are also educated to avoid the Valsalva maneuver either during resistance exercises either during flexibility exercises. Sessions are monitored and supervised by qualified exercise professionals trained to the potential acute adverse events associated with exercise in this population. Conclusions This exercise program has a high applicability and involves minimal material resources and can be easily replicated in a community context. Type 2 diabetic patients can practice exercise safely with this type of supervised exercise programs. Trial funding and registration Diabetes em Movimento® is funded by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology with reference SFRH/BD/47733/2008 and is registered in Current Controlled Trials with reference ISRCTN09240628 .