tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary Circulation and the Tail of First-Pass Indicator Dilution Curves
Authors: BENNETT L. CROWDER, WILLIAM C. GREER, CHARLES W. SHEPPARD
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

In a series of canine heart-lung preparations, single-pass indicator dilution curves were obtained with and without cannulation of the coronary sinus. Further evidence was obtained that the tails of the curves are significantly elevated above the tails predicted from the simple one-dimensional random-walk relation. To provide estimates of the contributions which dye circulating through the coronaries might make to the tails, curves were obtained in the same preparation with and without cannulation, and at high and low mean arterial pressure. A method was developed for cannulation which permitted sampling through an exterior low-resistance cannula system which was secured in the coronary sinus without producing serious obstruction of the coronary sinus tributaries or interference with the conduction system. Although the classical exponential down-slope gave better agreement than the random-walk relation, the experimental curves were frequently elevated and prolonged when compared to the exponential curve. The difference in area amounted to approximately 4.5%. In experiments at high mean arterial pressure without bypass of coronary dye the tail was significantly higher on the average by 3% compared to the tail in the same preparation with bypass at low pressure. Estimating that 60 to 70% of coronary dye would be successfully bypassed, the total coronary contribution to the tail of 4 to 5% of dye on the average is not sufficient to account for the excess of experimental tails over random-walk curves.
Women Have Higher Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions Than Men Independent of Differences in Left Ventricular Volume
Authors: Anne K. Chung, Sandeep R. Das, David Leonard, Ronald M. Peshock, Farhana Kazi, Shuaib M. Abdullah, Russell M. Canham, Benjamin D. Levine, Mark H. Drazner
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Although gender-specific criteria are common for defining cardiac traits such as left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) thresholds widely used in clinical practice have traditionally been the same for women and men, perhaps because it remains uncertain whether there is a systematic difference in LVEF between genders. Methods and Results— Using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in a probability-based sample of Dallas County residents aged 30 to 65 years (1435 women and 1183 men), we compared LVEF in women and men. The association of gender with stroke volume independent of end-diastolic volume (EDV) or other potential confounders was assessed by multivariable analysis. Gender-specific thresholds for a low LVEF were defined at the 2.5th percentile in women and men from a healthy reference subpopulation. The median (25th, 75th percentile) LVEF was higher in women than in men (75% [70%, 79%] in women versus 70% [65%, 75%] in men, P &lt;0.001). Left ventricular EDV and end-systolic volume indexed to body surface area were smaller in women than in men ( P &lt;0.001 for both). Gender remained significantly associated with stroke volume, independent of EDV and other potential confounders in multivariable analysis. A low LVEF was defined as below 61% in women and below 55% in men. Conclusions— Women have a higher LVEF than men in the general population, secondary to a higher stroke volume for a given EDV independent of known potential confounders.
Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis in Severe Sepsis
Authors: Ankit Sakhuja, Gagan Kumar, Shipra Gupta, Tarun Mittal, Amit Taneja, Rahul S. Nanchal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Understanding the changing incidence and impact of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis in patients with severe sepsis will allow better risk stratification, design of clinical trials, and guide resource allocation.To assess the longitudinal incidence of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis and its impact on mortality in patients with severe sepsis.Retrospective cohort study of adults (≥20 yr) hospitalized with severe sepsis from 2000 to 2009 in the United States using a nationally representative database.We calculated the incidences of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis and mortality over time. We used linear regression to assess temporal trends. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis and mortality. Of the estimated 5,257,907 hospitalizations with severe sepsis, 6.1% had acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. The odds of acquiring acute kidney injury requiring dialysis increased by 14% in 2009 compared with 2000. Mortality in patients with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis was higher (43.6% vs. 24.9%; P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, odds of mortality declined 61% by the year 2009. Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis remained an independent predictor of mortality in patients with severe sepsis, although its influence on mortality declined with time.Incidence of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis in patients with severe sepsis has increased over time; conversely, associated mortality has declined. The likelihood of demise from acute kidney injury requiring dialysis in patients with severe sepsis has also declined.
Peripheral Vasodilator Action of Eledoisin, Bradykinin, and Nitroglycerin in Anesthetized Dogs
Authors: MARIO BERGAMASCHI, ALFREDO H. GLÄSSER
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

The peripheral vasodilator action of the endecapeptide eledoisin in the anesthetized dog has been described in this paper. Blood flow through the vascular beds supplied by the femoral artery increased following doses of eledoisin as low as 0.5 nanogram/kg (4.25·10 -13 mole/kg) injected intravenously, and 0.001 ng/kg (8.5·10 -16 mole/kg) injected intra-arterially. The blood vessels of the skin were less reactive than blood vessels in muscle. Eledoisin exerted a powerful vasodilator effect on vascular beds supplied by the common carotid, the external and internal carotid, the occipital and the vertebral arteries. Renal and mesenteric vascular beds did not respond significantly to eledoisin. Comparison with some other vasodilator drugs was made. Following intra-arterial doses which do not affect systemic blood pressure, eledoisin was 5 to 50 times more active than bradykinin on total femoral and muscle flows; both showed the same activity on skin flow. Nitroglycerin, carbaminoylcholine, and papaverine were even less active than bradykinin.
Leather suite dermatitis
Authors: S. Darné, H.L. Horne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Leather suite dermatitis Get access S. Darné, S. Darné The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, U.K. E‐mail: sharmela@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.L. Horne H.L. Horne The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, U.K. E‐mail: sharmela@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 1, 1 July 2008, Pages 262–264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08637.x Published: 01 July 2008
Minocycline Protects against Neurologic Complications of Rapid Correction of Hyponatremia
Authors: Fabrice Gankam-Kengne, Alain Soupart, Roland Pochet, Jean Pierre Brion, Guy Decaux
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Osmotic demyelination syndrome is a devastating neurologic condition that occurs after rapid correction of serum sodium in patients with hyponatremia. Pathologic features of this injury include a well-demarcated region of myelin loss, a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and infiltration of microglia. The semisynthetic tetracycline minocycline is protective in some animal models of central nervous system injury, including demyelination, suggesting that it may also protect against demyelination resulting from rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia. Using a rat model of osmotic demyelination syndrome, we found that treatment with minocycline significantly decreases brain demyelination, alleviates neurologic manifestations, and reduces mortality associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia. Mechanistically, minocycline decreased the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, inhibited microglial activation, decreased both the expression of IL1α and protein nitrosylation, and reduced the loss of GFAP immunoreactivity. In conclusion, minocycline modifies the course of osmotic demyelination in rats, suggesting its possible therapeutic use in the setting of inadvertent rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia in humans.
Evaluation of a Thick and Thin Section Method for Estimation of Podocyte Number, Glomerular Volume, and Glomerular Volume Per Podocyte in Rat Kidney with Wilms’ Tumor-1 Protein Used as a Podocyte Nuclear Marker
Authors: Silja K. Sanden, Jocelyn E. Wiggins, Meera Goyal, Lisa K. Riggs, Roger C. Wiggins
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. Podocyte loss and glomerular hypertrophy are associated with development of glomerulosclerosis, suggesting that there may be a maximal area for each podocyte in terms of its capacity to support and maintain the glomerular filter. This study hypothesized that exceeding this maximal threshold will result in mesangial expansion and glomerulosclerosis. It may therefore be useful to measure podocyte number, glomerular volume, and glomerular volume per podocyte in clinical biopsy samples. An approach that uses thick and thin histologic sections cut from paraffin-embedded tissue to measure Wilms’ tumor-1 protein–positive podocyte nuclear number and glomerular tuft area was studied. A rat model of aging has been used to track changes in glomerular podocyte number, glomerular volume per podocyte, and glomerular volume. Implications for clinical use of these variables are discussed. E-mail: [email protected]
Metastatic angiosarcomas: doxorubicin-based regimens, weekly paclitaxel and metastasectomy significantly improve the outcome
Authors: N. Penel, A. Italiano, I. Ray-Coquard, L. Chaigneau, C. Delcambre, Y.M. Robin, B. Bui, F. Bertucci, N. Isambert, D. Cupissol, E. Bompas, J.O. Bay, F. Duffaud, C. Guillemet, J.Y. Blay
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Symposium on the Definition and Management of Anaphylaxis: Summary report
Authors: Hugh A. Sampson, Anne Muñoz-Furlong, S. Allan Bock, Cara Schmitt, Robert Bass, Badrul A. Chowdhury, Wyatt W. Decker, Terence J. Furlong, Stephen J. Galli, David B. Golden
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
J. Stegemann (Transl. J. Skinner) "Exercise Physiology of Physiologic Basis of Work and Sport"
Authors: Clyde Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Delivery of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children and adults. Treatment adherence is a major challenge as many patients find the CPAP mask uncomfortable. The study aim was to demonstrate the feasibility of delivered CPAP through customised nasal masks by assessing mask leak and comfort of customised masks compared to commercially available CPAP masks. <h3>Methods</h3> Six healthy adult volunteers participated in a cross-over study including commercial masks in three different sizes (petite, small/medium, and large) from the same supplier and a customised mask fabricated for each subject using 3D facial scanning and modern additive manufacturing processes. Mask leak and comfort were assessed with varying CPAP levels and mask tightness. Leak was measured in real time using an inline low-resistance Pitot tube flow sensor, and each mask was ranked for comfort by the subjects. <h3>Results</h3> Mask leak rates varied directly with CPAP level and inversely with mask tightness. When ranked for comfort, three subjects favoured the customised mask while three favoured a commercial mask. The petite mask yielded the highest mask leaks and was ranked least comfortable by all subjects. Relative mask leaks and comfort rankings for the other commercial and customised masks varied between individuals. Mask leak was comparable when comparing the customised masks with the highest ranked commercial masks. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Customised masks successfully delivered target CPAP settings in all six subjects, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach.
Diversifying Selection Drives the Evolution of the Type III Secretion System Pilus of Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: D. S. Guttman, S. J. Gropp, R. L. Morgan, P. W. Wang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

The plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae uses a type III secretion system to inject virulence proteins directly into the cytoplasm of its hosts. The P. syringae type III secretion apparatus is encoded, in part, by the HrpZ operon, which carries the hrpA gene encoding the pilin subunit of the pilus, various components of the structural apparatus, and the HrpZ harpin protein that is believed to produce pores in the host cell membrane. The pilus of the type III system comes into direct contact with the host cell and is, therefore, a likely target of the host's pathogen surveillance systems. We sequenced and analyzed 22 HrpZ operons from P. syringae strains spanning the diversity of the species. Selection analyses, including Ka/Ks tests and Tajima's D, revealed strong diversifying selection acting on the hrpA gene. This form of selection enables pathogens to maintain genetic diversity within their populations and is often driven by selection imposed by host defense systems. The HrpZ operon also revealed a single significant recombination event that dramatically changed the evolutionary relationships among P. syringae strains from 2 quite distinct phylogroups. This recombination event appears to have introduced genetic diversity into a clade of strains that may now be undergoing positive selection. The identification of diversifying selection acting on the Hrp pilus across the whole population sample and positive selection within one P. syringae lineage supports a trench warfare coevolutionary model between P. syringae and its plant hosts.
A C1173T Dimorphism in the VKORC1 Gene Determines Coumarin Sensitivity and Bleeding Risk
Authors: Pieter H Reitsma, Jeroen F. van der Heijden, Angelique P Groot, Frits R Rosendaal, Harry R Büller
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background A C1173T polymorphism in intron 1 of the VKORC1 gene has been claimed to determine the interindividual variability in the response to vitamin K antagonist therapy (VKA), but it is unknown whether it also influences bleeding risk. We aimed to confirm the relationship between C1173T status and phenprocoumon or acenocoumarol use, and to examine the risk of severe bleeding for the various genotypes. Methods and Findings We studied this in a case-control study of 110 patients who bled during VKA therapy and 220 control patients free of bleeding under the same therapy. To achieve the same target INR, CT genotype and TT genotype control patients required less phenprocoumon (CC genotype 2.9 mg/d [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.6–3.2], CT genotype 2.6 mg/d [95% CI: 2.1–3.1], TT genotype 1.4 mg/d [95 % CI: 1.1–1.7]) or acenocoumarol (CC genotype 3.2 mg/d [95% CI: 2.9–3.5], CT genotype 2.3 mg/d [95% CI: 2.1–2.5], TT genotype 1.7 mg/d [95% CI: 1.3–2.1]) than CC genotype control patients. Compared with CC genotype individuals, carriers of at least one T allele had an increased risk of bleeding in the phenprocoumon users (crude odds ratio = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2–5.7), but not in acenocoumarol users (crude odds ratio = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.6–2.3). Conclusion These findings encourage taking further steps towards the evaluation of the use of VKORC1 genetic testing for bleeding prevention in individuals who receive VKA therapy.
Minimal access aortocoronary bypass surgery with endovascular balloon clamp: technical precision, operative times, complications
Authors: G.W. Barlow, D. Hildick-Smith, R.A. Sayeed, J. Dearden, L.M. Shapiro, J. Kneeshaw, J. Wallwork, J. Dunning
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Treatment of Darier's disease with photodynamic therapy
Authors: D. Exadaktylou, H.A. Kurwa, E. Calonje, R.J. Barlow
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) as a photosensitizer has been reported in the treatment of both neoplastic and benign cutaneous disorders. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in selected patients with Darier's disease (keratosis follicularis). Methods Six patients with Darier's disease were assessed before and after treatment with PDT using 5-ALA and mean fluence rates of 110–150 mW cm−2. Results Of the six patients, one was unable to tolerate the treatment. Of the remaining five, all experienced an initial inflammatory response that lasted two to three weeks. In four of the five patients, this was followed by sustained clearance or improvement over a followup period of six months to three years. Three of these four patients were on systemic retinoids and the fourth had discontinued acitretin prior to PDT. In the fifth patient partial improvement was followed by recurrence after etretinate therapy was discontinued. Biopsy specimens taken immediately after the procedure in two patients demonstrated a mild inflammatory cell infiltrate in the dermis. A biopsy obtained eighteen months after PDT from a successfully treated area showed no signs of Darier's disease and a subtle increase of collagen in the upper dermis. Conclusions Photodynamic therapy can be viewed as a potential adjunctive modality for Darier's disease but should not be considered as a substitute for retinoids in patients who require systemic treatment.
Primary Sjogren's syndrome preceding the presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus as a benign intracranial hypertension syndrome.
Authors: X Chevalier, M de Bandt, P Bourgeois, M F Kahn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The case is reported of a 41 year old white woman who developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) seven years after primary Sjögren9s syndrome and four years after the association of Sjögren9s syndrome with Jaccoud9s arthritis. The SLE was detected by a benign intracranial hypertension, which is a rare neuro-ophthalmic presentation of lupus. No associated conditions linked to benign intracranial hypertension syndrome were seen in this patient and the hypertension syndrome recurred one year later.
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pharmacodynamic Biomarker Study of Sorafenib in Metastatic Renal Carcinoma
Authors: Olwen M. Hahn, Cheng Yang, Milica Medved, Gregory Karczmar, Emily Kistner, Theodore Karrison, Elizabeth Manchen, Myrosia Mitchell, Mark J. Ratain, Walter M. Stadler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Sorafenib is an antiangiogenic agent with activity in renal cancer. We conducted a randomized trial to investigate dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to placebo or 200 or 400 mg twice per day of sorafenib. DCE-MRI was performed at baseline and 4 weeks. DCE-MRI parameters, area under the contrast concentration versus time curve 90 seconds after contrast injection (IAUC 90 ), and volume transfer constant of contrast agent (K trans ) were calculated for a metastatic site selected in a blinded manner. Primary end point was change in K trans . Results Of the 56 assessable patients, 48 underwent two MRIs; 44 MRIs were assessable for study end points. Mean K trans log ratios were 0.131 (standard deviation [SD], 0.315), −0.148 (SD, 0.382), −0.271 (SD, 0.499) in placebo, 200- and 400-mg cohorts, respectively (P = .0077 for trend) corresponding to changes of +14%, −14%, and −24%. IAUC 90 log ratios were 0.041 (SD, 0.197), −0.040 (SD, 0.132), −0.356 (SD, 0.411), respectively (P = .0003 for trend), corresponding to changes of +4%, −4%, and −30%. Using a log-rank test, IAUC 90 and K trans changes were not associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Patients with high baseline K trans had a better PFS (P = .027). Conclusion IAUC 90 and K trans are pharmacodynamic biomarkers for sorafenib, but variability is high and magnitude of effect is less than previously reported. Changes in DCE-MRI parameters after 4 weeks of sorafenib are not predictive of PFS, suggesting that these biomarkers are not surrogate end points. The value of baseline K trans as a prognostic or predictive biomarker requires additional study.
Inhibition of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator or Matrix Metalloproteinases Prevents Cardiac Injury and Dysfunction During Viral Myocarditis
Authors: Stephane Heymans, Matthias Pauschinger, Armando De Palma, Angela Kallwellis-Opara, Susanne Rutschow, Melissa Swinnen, Davy Vanhoutte, Fangye Gao, Raimund Torpai, Andrew H. Baker, Elisabeth Padalko, Johan Neyts, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Frans Van de Werf, Peter Carmeliet, Yigal M. Pinto
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Acute viral myocarditis is an important cause of cardiac failure in young adults for which there is no effective treatment apart from general heart failure therapy. The present study tested the hypothesis that increased expression of the proteinases urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is implicated in cardiac inflammation, injury, and subsequent failure during Coxsackievirus-B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis.First, we showed increased expression and activity of uPA and MMP-9 in wild-type mice at 7 days of CVB3-induced myocarditis. Targeted deletion of uPA, which resulted in reduced MMP activity and cytokine expression or inhibition of MMPs by adenoviral gene overexpression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, decreased cardiac inflammation and reduced myocardial necrosis at 7 days and decreased cardiac fibrosis at 35 days after CVB3 infection. Importantly, loss of uPA or MMP activity prevented CVB3-induced cardiac dilatation and dysfunction, as determined by serial echocardiography.Loss of uPA or MMP activity reduces the cardiac inflammatory response after CVB3 infection, thereby protecting against cardiac injury, dilatation, and failure during CVB3-induced myocarditis.
Relationship between acute stress and sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel: mediating effect of social support
Authors: Qi-jun Zhang, Qiao-li Zhang, Xin-yang Sun, Li-yi Zhang, Si-yuan Zhang, Gao-feng Yao, Chun-xia Chen, Ling-ming Kong
Journal: Military Medical Research (2014)

Sleep disorder induced by acute stress has always been an important topic for study among the general population. However, the mediating effect of social support between acute stress and sleep disorder has rarely been reported before.A total of 2,411 grass-root military personnel were randomly selected by cluster sampling, and administered the Chinese Military Personnel Sleep Disorder Scale, Military Acute Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.The total score of acute stress scale was positively correlated with the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale (r = 0.209 ~ 0.465, P < 0.01); The total score of social support scale was positively correlated with the total score of acute stress scale and the total score and factor scores of sleep disorder scale (r = 0.356 ~ 0.537, P < 0.01). The analysis of mediating effects showed that lack of social support partially mediated between acute stress and the factors of sleep disorder. The analysis of structural equation model showed that acute stress not only had a direct effect on sleep disorder (the path coefficient was 0.29, P = 0.000), but also on lack of social support (the path coefficient was 0.39, P = 0.000); lack of social support had a direct effect on sleep disorder (the path coefficient was 0.48, P = 0.000).Acute stress and lack of social support are two significant factors of sleep disorder in grass-root military personnel. Well-established social support could alleviate sleep disorder induced by acute stress. Lack of social support was a partial mediator between acute stress and sleep disorder.