tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activated and memory alveolar T-lymphocytes in idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: C Albera, P Ghio, P Solidoro, I Mabritto, L Marchetti, E Pozzi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

To investigate the possible involvement of T-lymphocytes in the immunopathogenesis of idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia (IEP), we have evaluated the phenotypic characteristics both of peripheral blood and alveolar lymphocytes in six patients with symptomatic IEP, and in 24 healthy nonsmokers as controls, by employing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), monoclonal antibodies, and flow-cytometry. In IEP, total and differential cell counts showed a mild alveolitis with an increase of eosinophil percentage and number; the alveolar lymphocyte count was also increased. In BAL, the total number both of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly raised; CD4+ cells expressed early (CD25) activation antigens. The analysis of CD45R0, CD45RA and CD62L coexpression in IEP patients, when compared to healthy controls, revealed an accumulation of alveolar CD4+ cells showing phenotypic repertoire usually expressed by memory T-cells (CD45R0+, CD45RA-, CD62L-). CD8+ alveolar lymphocytes did not show any significant increase of activation antigen coexpression. Circulating lymphocytes were not significantly increased and showed only a significantly higher CD25 expression. These data suggest that a pivotal role is played by activated and memory CD4+ alveolar lymphocytes in IEP patients.
POSTOPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER EUROSCORE, BUT NOT WITH HOSPITAL MORTALITY AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY
Authors: Carol Chen-Scarabelli, Giuseppe Faggian, Giuseppe Petrilli, Louis Saravolatz, Jagat Narula, Tiziano Scarabelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Chromosomal abnormalities of 200 Chinese patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Taiwan: with special reference to T-cell lymphoma
Authors: C.-Y. Chen, M. Yao, J.-L. Tang, W. Tsay, C.-C. Wang, W.-C. Chou, I.-J. Su, F.-Y. Lee, M.-C. Liu, H.-F. Tien
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
Communication About Prognosis Between Parents and Physicians of Children With Cancer: Parent Preferences and the Impact of Prognostic Information
Authors: Jennifer W. Mack, Joanne Wolfe, Holcombe E. Grier, Paul D. Cleary, Jane C. Weeks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Concerns about the harms of prognostic information, including distress and loss of hope, cause some physicians to avoid frank disclosure. We aimed to determine parent preferences for prognostic information about their children with cancer and the results of receiving such information.We surveyed 194 parents of children with cancer (overall response rate, 70%), treated at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital (Boston, MA) and the children's physicians. Our main outcome measure was parent rating of prognostic information as extremely or very upsetting.The majority of parents desired as much information about prognosis as possible (87%) and wanted it expressed numerically (85%). Although 36% of parents found information about prognosis to be extremely or very upsetting, those parents were more likely to want additional information about prognosis than those who were less upset (P = .01). Parents who found information upsetting were no less likely to say that knowing prognosis was important (P = .39), that knowing prognosis helped in decision making (P = .40), or that hope for a cure kept them going (P = .72).Although many parents find prognostic information about their children with cancer upsetting, parents who are upset by prognostic information are no less likely to want it. The upsetting nature of prognostic information does not diminish parents' desire for such information, its importance to decision making, or parents' sense of hope.
ECCENTRIC TRAINING FOR ELBOW HYPERMOBILITY
Authors: JF Kaux, F Delvaux, B Forthomme, FD Marguerite, D François, JM Crielaard, JL Croisier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Patients with hypermobility suffer from joints problems and chronic pain is the most frequently reported symptom. Objective Eccentric muscle strengthening could be very important to protect hypermobile joints. Design Case report. Setting Amateur tennis player. Patient A girl (16 y.o.) affected by an Ehler-Danlos syndrome presented pain in the right elbow and the right wrist after a season of tennis. Interventions Her training consisted of wrist prono-supination and flexion-extension muscle group reinforcement and proprioceptive training. To protect the wrist against excessive load, the eccentric strengthening exercises of prono-supinator and flexor-extensor muscles of elbow and wrist were undertaken gradually, at increasing speeds within a limited range of motion in flexion and extension, on an isokinetic device after an evaluation. She was also given an orthesis restricting the joint range of motion of the wrist. Main outcome measurements The evaluation was made by isokinetic evaluation, visual analog scale and MOS-SF36 questionnaire before and after training. Results The patient rapidly noted a decrease in pain and an increase in the stability of her right arm even when playing tennis. Isokinetic evaluation objectified a significant improvement in maximal torque in flexion-extension muscles of the right elbow. She was also given individualized home exercises. Conclusions The goal of this eccentric training is to avoid hypermobility by using the muscles as a protective brake in the control of joint positioning. Muscles can be reinforced in eccentric mode with starting position at the maximum length of these muscles when unstreched. The exercises can be carried out safely on an isokinetic device, at slow speed and limited range of joint motion to avoid risk of luxation. Thus, in this case report, the eccentric exercises using an isokinetic device were effective to safely reinforce the muscles as a protective brake for joint hypermobility and prevent pain during practicing tennis.
Alteration in Copy Numbers of Genes as a Mechanism for Acquired Drug Resistance
Authors: Kohichiroh Yasui, Saori Mihara, Chen Zhao, Hiroyuki Okamoto, Fumiko Saito-Ohara, Akihiro Tomida, Tadao Funato, Akira Yokomizo, Seiji Naito, Issei Imoto, Takashi Tsuruo, Johji Inazawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Chemoresistance is a major obstacle for successful treatment of cancer. To identify regions of the genome associated with acquired resistance to therapeutic drugs, we conducted molecular cytogenetic analyses of 23 cancer-cell lines, each resistant to either camptothecin, cisplatin, etoposide (VP-16), Adriamycin, or 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, although the parental tumor lines were not. Subtractive comparative genomic hybridization studies revealed regions of gain or loss in DNA-copy numbers that were characteristic of drug-resistant cell lines; i.e., differences from their drug-sensitive parental cell lines. Thirteen ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes [ABCA3, ABCB1 (MDR1), ABCB6, ABCB8, ABCB10, ABCB11, ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC4, ABCC9, ABCD3, ABCD4, ABCE1, and ABCF2] were amplified among 19 of the resistant cell lines examined. Three genes encoding antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins (BCL2L2, MCL1, and BCL2L10) were also amplified and consequently overexpressed in three of the derivative lines. Down-regulation of BCL2L2 with an antisense oligonucleotide sensitized a VP-16 resistant ovarian-cancer cell line (SKOV3/VP) to VP-16. A decrease in copy numbers of genes encoding deoxycytidine kinase, DNA topoisomerase I, and DNA topoisomerase II alpha reduced their expression levels in one cytosine arabinoside-resistant line, two of three camptothecin-resistant lines, and two of five VP-16-resistant cell lines, respectively. Our results indicated that changes in DNA-copy numbers of the genes mentioned can activate or down-regulate them in drug-resistant cell lines, and that such genomic alterations might be implicated in acquired chemoresistance.
Phylogeny of some Fusarium species, as determined by large-subunit rRNA sequence comparison.
Authors: J Guadet, J Julien, J F Lafay, Y Brygoo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1989)

Fifty-two strains from eight species of Fusarium were analyzed by rapid rRNA sequencing. Two highly variable stretches (138 and 214 nucleotides) of the 5' end of the 28S-like rRNA molecule were sequenced. Such stretches permit evaluation of the divergence between closely related species and even between varieties within a species. The phylogenetic tree computed from the number of nucleotide differences shows seven Fusarium species to be more closely related to one another than the eighth species, F. nivale, is to them. On the basis of these data, we discuss both the phylogenetic value of taxonomical criteria and the impact of our findings on the demarcation of the genus Fusarium. We conclude that this method is suitable for establishing a precise phylogeny between closely related species within a genus.
Estimation of the bronchodilatory effect of deep inhalation after a free run in children
Authors: C. Schweitzer, L. T. T. Vu, Y. T. Nguyen, C. Choné, B. Demoulin, F. Marchal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The bronchomotor effects of a deep inhalation (DI) may provide relevant information about the mechanisms of exercise-induced airway obstruction in children and may be assessed by respiratory conductance ( G rs ) measured using the forced oscillation technique. The aims of the present study were to assess the effect of DI on G rs after exercise in relationship to the lung function response to exercise. G rs at 12 Hz using a head generator and spirometric data were measured in 62 children suspected of asthma before and 5 min after a 6-min free run. After exercise, G rs was significantly increased by DI in 38 subjects, who also showed larger G rs and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 )/forced vital capacity (FVC) responses to exercise than the 24 nonresponders. Stepwise regression indicated significant correlation between the response of G rs to DI and both G rs and FEV 1 /FVC responses to exercise. The data are consistent with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction being reversed by deep inhalation.
Local production of angiotensin II in the subfornical organ causes elevated drinking
Authors: Koji Sakai, Khristofor Agassandian, Satoshi Morimoto, Puspha Sinnayah, Martin D. Cassell, Robin L. Davisson, Curt D. Sigmund
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The mechanism controlling cell-specific Ang II production in the brain remains unclear despite evidence supporting neuron-specific renin and glial- and neuronal-specific angiotensinogen (AGT) expression. We generated double-transgenic mice expressing human renin (hREN) from a neuron-specific promoter and human AGT (hAGT) from its own promoter (SRA mice) to emulate this expression. SRA mice exhibited an increase in water and salt intake and urinary volume, which were significantly reduced after chronic intracerebroventricular delivery of losartan. Ang II–like immunoreactivity was markedly increased in the subfornical organ (SFO). To further evaluate the physiological importance of de novo Ang II production specifically in the SFO, we utilized a transgenic mouse model expressing a floxed version of hAGT (hAGTflox), so that deletions could be induced with Cre recombinase. We targeted SFO-specific ablation of hAGTflox by microinjection of an adenovirus encoding Cre recombinase (AdCre). SRAflox mice exhibited a marked increase in drinking at baseline and a significant decrease in water intake after administration of AdCre/adenovirus encoding enhanced GFP (AdCre/AdEGFP), but not after administration of AdEGFP alone. This decrease only occurred when Cre recombinase correctly targeted the SFO and correlated with a loss of hAGT and angiotensin peptide immunostaining in the SFO. These data provide strong genetic evidence implicating de novo synthesis of Ang II in the SFO as an integral player in fluid homeostasis.
Minimally Interrupted Cardiac Resuscitation by Emergency Medical Services for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Bentley J. Bobrow
Journal: JAMA (2008)

6][7][8] In 2004, the average survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was 3% in the state of Arizona. 91][12] Minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation focuses on maximizing myocardial and cerebral perfusion through a series of coordinated interventions.][12][13][14][15] Implementation of MICR was associated with substantially improved survival for patients with out-of-hospital
Potent heme-degrading action of antimony and antimony-containing parasiticidal agents
Authors: GS Drummond, A Kappas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The ability of antimony and antimony-containing parasiticidal agents to enhance the rate of heme degradation in liver and kidney was investigated. Trivalent antimony was shown to be an extremely potent inducer of heme oxygenase, the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation, in both organs, whereas the pentavalent form was a weak inducer of this enzyme. The ability of antimony to induce heme oxygenase was dose-dependent, independent of the salt used, and not a result of a direct activation of the enzyme in vitro. Concomitant with heme oxygenase induction by antimony, microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 contents decreased, the cyto-chrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidase system was impaired, and delta-ami-nolevulinate synthase (ALAS), the rate-limiting enzyme of heme synthesis, underwent the sequential changes-initial inhibition followed by rebound induction-usually associated with the administration of transition elements such as cobalt. Antimony induction of heme oxygenase however, unlike the enzyme induction elicited by cobalt, was not prevented either by cysteine administered orally or as a cysteine metal complex, or by simultaneous zinc administration. Desferoxamine also did not block heme oxygenase induction by antimony, but this chelator did prevent the rebound increase in ALAS activity associated with antimony or cobalt treatment. Antimony-containing parasiticidal drugs were also potent inducers of heme oxygenase in liver and kidney. The heme degradative action of these drugs may be related in part to the jaundice commonly associated with the prolonged therapeutic use of these agents. The heme-oxygenase-inducing action of antimony-containing parasiticidal drugs is a newly defined biological property of these compounds. The relation between the parasiticidal and the heme-oxygenase-inducing actions of such drugs is unknown. However, certain parasites contain hemoproteins or require heme compounds during their life cycle. It may therefore be useful to explore the possibility that the heme-degrading and the parasiticidal actions of certain metals or metal-containing therapeutic agents are in some way related.
Photodynamic Therapy of Spontaneous Cancers in Felines, Canines, and Snakes With Chloro-aluminium Sulfonated Phthalocyanine
Authors: W. G. Roberts, M.K. Klein, M. Loomis, S. Weldy, M.W. Berns
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Photodynamic Therapy of Spontaneous Cancers in Felines, Canines, and Snakes With Chloro-aluminium Sulfonated Phthalocyanine Get access W. Gregory Roberts, W. Gregory Roberts * Departments of Cell Biology and Surgery, Beckman Laser Institute, University of CaliforniaIrvine, Calif * Correspondence to: W. Gregory Roberts, phD, Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.K. Klein, M.K. Klein All-Care Animal HospitalFountain Valley, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Loomis, M. Loomis San Diego ZooSan Diego, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Weldy, S. Weldy El Toro Animal HospitalEl Toro, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.W. Berns M.W. Berns Departments of Cell Biology and Surgery, Beckman Laser Institute, University of CaliforniaIrvine, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 1, 2 January 1991, Pages 18–23, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.1.18 Published: 02 January 1991 Article history Received: 20 August 1990 Revision received: 27 September 1990 Accepted: 02 October 1990 Published: 02 January 1991
Alternate Statistical Tools and Limitations in Genetic Marker Association Studies in Single-Arm Drug Cancer Trials
Authors: Kouros Owzar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

In this issue of the Journal, Graziano et al 1 investigate the associations of a number of genotype and haplotype markers with clinical outcome in a sample of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving salvage cetuximab plus irinotecan therapy. This Editorial will review of some of the statistical issues in the results and discussions.Genotypeandhaplotypesmarkerswillbecollectivelyreferredto as genetic markers. In genetic marker association studies, the first set of analyses commonly consists of the investigation of potential pairwise associations between each genetic marker and the clinical outcome of interest.Theseunivariateanalyses,astheyarecommonlyreferredtointhe medicalliterature,arethenfollowedbyaninvestigationoftheeffectof adjustingforotherpotentiallyimportantmolecular,clinical,ordemographic variables. These multivariate analyses are commonly carried out using log-linear parametric logistic models 2 for binary outcomes and log-linear semiparametric Cox proportional hazards models 3 for time-to-event outcomes subject to censoring. The employment of these models is attractive, as they provide a unified framework for statistical inference on the variables and point and interval estimation of the effects (odds ratios for binary outcomes and hazard ratios for time-to-event outcomes). The use of these methods is also attractive from a practical point of view, as they have been widely implemented in commercial software distributions that allow the user, from the novice to the expert, to generate massive amount of output through graphical user interfaces. As with any model, one needs to be concerned about robustness ofthefindingswithrespecttodeviationsfromthemodelassumptions. Considerable deviations may not only invalidate the inferences but mayalsorendertheinterpretationoftheresultsdifficult.Forexample,
Exploratory Trial of Intranasal Administration of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hiroaki Ueno, Masanari Mizuta, Tomomi Shiiya, Wakaba Tsuchimochi, Kenji Noma, Noboru Nakashima, Mitsuteru Fujihara, Masamitsu Nakazato
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of our newly developed nasal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) compound and injector.Twenty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this double-blind placebo-controlled study. The nasal compound containing 1.2 mg of human GLP-1 (7-36) amide or placebo was administered immediately before every meal for 2 weeks.The plasma peak concentration of active GLP-1 was 47.2 pmol/L, and its Tmax was 8.1 min. The early phase of insulin and glucagon secretion were recovered and suppressed, respectively, in the GLP-1 group. Glycoalbumin levels became significantly lower and 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels significantly higher after GLP-1 administration. No marked adverse events were observed after using nasal GLP-1.The newly developed nasal GLP-1 compound may be a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. The long-term application of the drug should be evaluated in future trials.
Substance P-induced intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes.
Authors: D McFadden, M J Zinner, B M Jaffe
Journal: Gut (1986)

This study was initiated to determine if raised (carcinoid) plasma concentrations of substance P induced jejunal secretion of water and electrolytes. Five dogs had isolated and cannulated 25 cm jejunal segments perfused at 2 ml/min with a neutral, isotonic perfusate. Saline, 1.0 ml, was infused intravenously during basal and recovery periods, while substance P was administered intravenously at 75 ng/kg/min (55 pmol/kg/min) during the four 15 minute experimental periods. Infusion increased plasma SP concentrations from basal (5.8 +/- 1.3 pg/ml) to a mean plateau level of 121.2 +/- 25.2 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM). During SP infusion, intestinal secretion of water, Na+, and Cl- were documented (H2O basal +102 +/- 60 to SP -275 +/- 60; microliter/min; Na+ basal +19.8 +/- 7.2 to SP -23.2 +/- 7.5 microEq/min; Cl- basal 21.7 +/- 7.5 to SP -16.5 +/- 5.6 microEq/min). Under basal conditions, there was minimal secretion of potassium (-0.264 +/- 0.282 microEq/min); during SP infusion, K+ flux was altered to significant secretion (-1.784 +/- 0.271 microEq/min). Serum concentrations of Na and Cl were unchanged during SP infusion, but serum potassium concentrations fell from 4.64 +/- 0.12 to 3.85 +/- 0.40 mEq/l. The data demonstrate that substance P at levels noted in the carcinoid syndrome induces significant jejunal secretion of water and electrolytes in the dog.
Increased Prevalence of Precursor Lesions in Familial Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Chanjuan Shi, Alison P. Klein, Michael Goggins, Anirban Maitra, Marcia Canto, Syed Ali, Richard Schulick, Emily Palmisano, Ralph H. Hruban
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

PURPOSE: Histologic findings in 51 pancreata resected from patients with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer were compared with the findings in 40 pancreata resected from patients with sporadic pancreatic cancer. None of the patients in the familial group had a known inherited syndrome other than familial pancreatic cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Precursor lesions, including pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), and incipient IPMN, were quantified. Invasive cancers were classified using established histologic criteria. RESULTS: The individual precursor lesions identified in both groups were histologically similar. Precursor lesions were more common in the familial cases than in the sporadic cases. The relative rate of PanINs per square centimeter was 2.75-fold higher (95% confidence interval, 2.05-3.70; adjusted for age) in familial compared with sporadic cases. PanIN-3 lesions were more common in familial versus sporadic pancreatic cancer patients (relative rate, 4.20; 95% confidence interval, 2.22-7.93; adjusted for age). High-grade incipient IPMNs were only observed in the familial cases. Nine of the 51 (18%) familial pancreatic cancers and 4 of the 40 (10%) sporadic cancers arose in association with an IPMN. No significant differences were found in the types of invasive cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive precursor lesions are more common in patients with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer than in patients with sporadic disease, and precursor lesions are of a higher grade in patients with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer. These findings can form a basis for the design of screening tests for the early detection of pancreatic neoplasia. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7737-43).