tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to the time taken to consult with symptoms of lung cancer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: S M Smith, N C Campbell, U MacLeod, A J Lee, A Raja, S Wyke, S B Ziebland, E M Duff, L D Ritchie, M C Nicolson
Journal: Thorax (2008)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To determine what factors are associated with the time people take to consult with symptoms of lung cancer, with a focus on those from rural and socially deprived areas. <h3>Methods:</h3> A cross-sectional quantitative interview survey was performed of 360 patients with newly diagnosed primary lung cancer in three Scottish hospitals (two in Glasgow, one in NE Scotland). Supplementary data were obtained from medical case notes. The main outcome measures were the number of days from (1) the date participant defined first symptom until date of presentation to a medical practitioner; and (2) the date of earliest symptom from a symptom checklist (derived from clinical guidelines) until date of presentation to a medical practitioner. <h3>Results:</h3> 179 participants (50%) had symptoms for more than 14 weeks before presenting to a medical practitioner (median 99 days; interquartile range 31–381). 270 participants (75%) had unrecognised symptoms of lung cancer. There were no significant differences in time taken to consult with symptoms of lung cancer between rural and/or deprived participants compared with urban and/or affluent participants. Factors independently associated with increased time before consulting about symptoms were living alone, a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and longer pack years of smoking. Haemoptysis, new onset of shortness of breath, cough and loss of appetite were significantly associated with earlier consulting, as were a history of chest infection and renal failure. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> For many people with lung cancer, regardless of location and socioeconomic status, the time between symptom onset and consultation was long enough to plausibly affect prognosis. Long-term smokers, those with COPD and/or those living alone are at particular risk of taking longer to consult with symptoms of lung cancer and practitioners should be alert to this.
A High-Protein Diet With Resistance Exercise Training Improves Weight Loss and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Thomas P. Wycherley, Manny Noakes, Peter M. Clifton, Xenia Cleanthous, Jennifer B. Keogh, Grant D. Brinkworth
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of two low-fat hypocaloric diets differing in the carbohydrate-to-protein ratio, with and without resistance exercise training (RT), on weight loss, body composition, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk outcomes in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 83 men and women with type 2 diabetes (aged 56.1 ± 7.5 years, BMI 35.4 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to an isocaloric, energy-restricted diet (female subjects 6 MJ/day, male subjects 7 MJ/day) of either standard carbohydrate (CON; carbohydrate:protein:fat 53:19:26) or high protein (HP; 43:33:22), with or without supervised RT (3 days/week) for 16 weeks. Body weight and composition, waist circumference (WC), and cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed. RESULTS Fifty-nine participants completed the study. There was a significant group effect (P ≤ 0.04) for body weight, fat mass, and WC with the greatest reductions occuring in HP+RT (weight [CON: −8.6 ± 4.6 kg, HP: −9.0 ± 4.8 kg, CON+RT: −10.5 ± 5.1 kg, HP+RT: −13.8 ± 6.0 kg], fat mass [CON: −6.4 ± 3.4 kg, HP: −6.7 ± 4.0 kg, CON+RT: −7.9 ± 3.7 kg, HP+RT: −11.1 ± 3.7 kg], and WC [CON: −8.2 ± 4.6 cm, HP: −8.9 ± 3.9 cm, CON+RT: −11.3 ± 4.6 cm, HP+RT: −13.7 ± 4.6 cm]). There was an overall reduction (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in fat-free mass (−2.0 ± 2.3 kg), blood pressure (−15/8 ± 10/6 mmHg), glucose (−2.1 ± 2.2 mmol/l), insulin (−4.7 ± 5.4 mU/l), A1C (−1.25 ± 0.94%), triglycerides (−0.47 ± 0.81 mmol/l), total cholesterol (−0.67 ± 0.69 mmol/l), and LDL cholesterol (−0.37 ± 0.53 mmol/l), with no difference between groups (P ≥ 0.17). CONCLUSIONS An energy-restricted HP diet combined with RT achieved greater weight loss and more favorable changes in body composition. All treatments had similar improvements in glycemic control and CVD risk markers.
Patients With Initially Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: Is There a Possibility of Cure?
Authors: René Adam, Dennis A. Wicherts, Robbert J. de Haas, Oriana Ciacio, Francis Lévi, Bernard Paule, Michel Ducreux, Daniel Azoulay, Henri Bismuth, Denis Castaing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Although oncosurgical strategies have demonstrated increased survival in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CLM), their potential for cure is still questioned. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term outcome after combining downsizing chemotherapy and rescue surgery and to define prognostic factors of cure.All patients with initially unresectable CLM who underwent rescue surgery and had a minimum follow-up of 5 years were included. Cure was defined as a disease-free interval > or = 5 years from last hepatic or extrahepatic resection until last follow-up.Mean age of 184 patients who underwent resection (April 1988 through July 2002) was 56.9 years. Patients had a mean number of 5.3 metastases (bilobar in 76%), associated to extrahepatic disease in 27%. Surgery was possible after one (74%) or more (26%) lines of chemotherapy. Five- and 10-year overall survival rates were 33% and 27%, respectively. Of 148 patients with a follow-up > or = 5 years, 24 patients (16%) were considered cured (mean follow-up, 118.6 months), six (25%) of whom were considered cured after repeat resection of recurrence. Twelve "cured" patients (50%) had a disease-free interval more than 10 years. Cured patients more often had three or fewer metastases less than 30 mm (P = .03) responding to first-line chemotherapy (P = .05). Multivariate analysis identified maximum size of metastases less than 30 mm at diagnosis, number of metastases at hepatectomy three or fewer, and complete pathologic response as independent predictors of cure.Cure can be achieved overall in 16% of patients with initially unresectable CLM resected after downsizing chemotherapy. In addition to increased survival, this oncosurgical approach has real potential for disease eradication.
Bronchodilator effect of inhaled nitric oxide in healthy men.
Authors: A Sanna, A Kurtansky, C Veriter, D Stănescu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Studies in animals have shown that inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) either reduced pulmonary resistance after an induced bronchospasm or protected animals from bronchoconstriction. To evaluate whether NO inhalation (80 parts per million) influences basal bronchial tone or reverses methacholine-induced bronchospasm, we determined specific airway conductance (SGaw) as a measure of airway caliber in seven healthy men. After methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction NO increased SGaw by 23% (p < 0.05). One week later, NO inhalation did not change baseline SGaw values. However, albuterol inhaled after NO, or on a separate day, significantly increased SGaw (p < 0.05). The bronchodilator effect of NO in men with methacholine-induced bronchospasm is much less than that reported in animals or that regularly observed in asthmatic patients after the inhalation of beta-sympathomimetic drugs.
Cancer stem cells in the brain: Response to temozolomide
Authors: Constance Chua, Norazean Zaiden, Charlene Foong, Wai Hoe Ng, Beng Ti Ang, Siew Joo See, TT Yeo, Ivan Ng, Carol Tang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

C4 

Cancer cells are functionally heterogeneous and cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated to initiate and sustain tumor growth in immunocompromised animal models. CSCs isolated by their ability to efflux the Hoechst 33342 dye (termed “side population”, SP) have been studied in a variety of cancers including malignant brain tumors. Chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to increase the number of SP cells which express ABC multidrug resistance transporters, thereby contributing to enhanced survival and sustaining their clonogenicity during exposure to cytostatic drugs. This may in turn allow disease recurrence when therapy is withdrawn. Malignant gliomas have a poor prognosis and are notoriously chemoresistant. We therefore sought to investigate the nature of SP cells and their response to temozolomide in two commonly used glioma cell lines, U87MG and T98G. SP cells in U87MG exhibited stem cell-like characteristics, increased tumorigenic potential and increased invasiveness compared to non-SP cells. We show that temozolomide treatment resulted in significant SP increase, and this correlated with an increase in both number of stem-like cells, as well as an increase in transcription of certain ABC drug transporters. Since the ABCG2 drug transporter has been frequently associated with the SP phenotype, we explored if ABCG2 knockdown would lead to abrogation of this SP increase and its tumorigenic potential following temozolomide treatment. Our findings suggest that ABCG2 knockdown is unable to abrogate the enhanced survival capability of SP cells. We propose a mechanism to explain the frequent temozolomide resistance seen in many patients undergoing the drug therapy.
Alveolar soft part sarcoma in children and adolescents: A report from the Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Italian Cooperative Group
Authors: M. Casanova, A. Ferrari, G. Bisogno, G. Cecchetto, E. Basso, B. De Bernardi, P. Indolfi, F. Fossati Bellani, M. Carli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Experimental random spot testing for drugs in sportsmen.
Authors: M. T. Lucking
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

Twenty-eight active international athletes agreed to be available for random spot urine collections at their homes, places of work and training. Suitable briefed collectors were arranged to conduct the spot collections and forward the specimens for analysis. An average number of 3.4 collections per athlete was made in the 9 month period of the trial. Overall there was a "failure to collect" percentage of 14 during the winter months and 54 during the summer months. The average time interval between initial contact with the athlete and collection was 11 hours 50 minutes. It is concluded that random spot collections of urine from active athletes in training is possible and practical. Improved collection rates could be achieved by additional spot collection at athletic events during the summer and by using regionally based mobile collectors responsible for several athletes.
p53 induces transcriptional and translational programs to suppress cell proliferation and growth
Authors: Fabricio Loayza-Puch, Jarno Drost, Koos Rooijers, Rui Lopes, Ran Elkon, Reuven Agami
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Cell growth and proliferation are tightly connected to ensure that appropriately sized daughter cells are generated following mitosis. Energy stress blocks cell growth and proliferation, a critical response for survival under extreme conditions. Excessive oncogenic stress leads to p53 activation and the induction of senescence, an irreversible state of cell-cycle arrest and a critical component in the suppression of tumorigenesis. Nutrient-sensing and mitogenic cues converge on a major signaling node, which regulates the activity of the mTOR kinase. Although transcriptional responses to energy and oncogenic stresses have been examined by many gene-expression experiments, a global exploration of the modulation of mRNA translation in response to these conditions is lacking.We combine RNA sequencing and ribosomal profiling analyses to systematically delineate modes of transcriptional and translational regulation induced in response to conditions of limited energy, oncogenic stress and cellular transformation. We detect a key role for mTOR and p53 in these distinct physiological states, and provide the first genome-wide demonstration that p53 activation results in mTOR inhibition and a consequent global repression of protein translation. We confirm the role of the direct p53 target genes Sestrin1 and Sestrin2 in this response, as part of the broad modulation of gene expression induced by p53 activation.We delineate a bimodal tumor-suppressive regulatory program activated by p53, in which cell-cycle arrest is imposed mainly at the transcriptional level, whereas cell growth inhibition is enforced by global repression of the translation machinery.
Patient satisfaction with current management strategies in chronic constipation
Authors: U. Khan, D. Dubois, F. Schenck, Y. Yiannakou
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chronic constipation in the UK is prevalent in less than 10% of the population but can affect up to 25% of adults above 70 years of age.1 Women are affected more by constipation with a female to male ratio of 2.2.2 There are limited published UK data regarding patient satisfaction with traditional therapies for constipation. We have looked at patient satisfaction in two patient populations with chronic constipation: (1) an online survey among a random sample and (2) patients attending a tertiary referral centre in the northeast of England. <h3>Methods</h3> (1) An internet survey was conducted in 2009 in 7 European countries. Subjects were recruited by targeted advertising on Google and patient health websites. Data reported are for the UK sub-group. (2) The case notes of 195 consecutive follow-up patients attending the Durham Constipation Clinic were surveyed. Participants satisfying ROME III criteria for functional constipation were included. <h3>Results</h3> (1) The UK subgroup included 122 patients; 85% women; average age of 43 years. 65% had a duration of symptoms &gt;3 years. 83% were taking medication for constipation which included both OTC and prescription treatments. Only 25% of subjects were satisfied with their current treatment(s), while 46% were neutral and 29% extremely dissatisfied or dissatisfied. 43% used alternative relief therapies, such as acupuncture and homeopathy. (2) There were 195 patients in the tertiary group (13 M, 182 F) with an average age of 43 years (17–86 years). The average duration of symptoms was 16 years. 78% of patients received specialist treatments not available in primary care. 27% (53/195) patients were extremely or quite satisfied with their treatment, 47% (91/195) were little or moderately satisfied and 26% (51/195) were not satisfied at all with treatment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Traditional treatment options for chronic constipation are not adequately addressing patient needs and expectations in the UK. In both the online survey, and the survey of patients attending a tertiary clinic, only around a quarter of patients were satisfied with treatment. Improved therapeutic options need to be developed for this condition.
5 year efficacy of a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in Kolkata, India: a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Sujit K Bhattacharya, Dipika Sur, Mohammad Ali, Suman Kanungo, Young Ae You, Byomkesh Manna, Binod Sah, Swapan K Niyogi, Jin Kyung Park, Banwarilal Sarkar, Mahesh K Puri, Deok Ryun Kim, Jacqueline L Deen, Jan Holmgren, Rodney Carbis, Mandeep Singh Dhingra, Allan Donner, G Balakrish Nair, Anna Lena Lopez, Thomas F Wierzba, John D Clemens
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2013)
Practice-Based Versus Telemedicine-Based Collaborative Care for Depression in Rural Federally Qualified Health Centers: A Pragmatic Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial
Authors: John C. Fortney, Jeffrey M. Pyne, Sip B. Mouden, Dinesh Mittal, Teresa J. Hudson, Gary W. Schroeder, David K. Williams, Carol A. Bynum, Rhonda Mattox, Kathryn M. Rost
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Practice-based collaborative care is a complex evidence-based practice that is difficult to implement in smaller primary care practices that lack on-site mental health staff. Telemedicine-based collaborative care virtually co-locates and integrates mental health providers into primary care settings. The objective of this multisite randomized pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial was to compare the outcomes of patients assigned to practice-based and telemedicine-based collaborative care.From 2007 to 2009, patients at federally qualified health centers serving medically underserved populations were screened for depression, and 364 patients who screened positive were enrolled and followed for 18 months. Those assigned to practice-based collaborative care received evidence-based care from an on-site primary care provider and a nurse care manager. Those assigned to telemedicine-based collaborative care received evidence-based care from an on-site primary care provider and an off-site team: a nurse care manager and a pharmacist by telephone, and a psychologist and a psychiatrist via videoconferencing. The primary clinical outcome measures were treatment response, remission, and change in depression severity.Significant group main effects were observed for both response (odds ratio=7.74, 95% CI=3.94-15.20) and remission (odds ratio=12.69, 95% CI=4.81-33.46), and a significant overall group-by-time interaction effect was observed for depression severity on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, with greater reductions in severity over time for patients in the telemedicine-based group. Improvements in outcomes appeared to be attributable to higher fidelity to the collaborative care evidence base in the telemedicine-based group.Contracting with an off-site telemedicine-based collaborative care team can yield better outcomes than implementing practice-based collaborative care with locally available staff.
David Nichol Sharp Kerr
Authors: C. P. R. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

David Nichol Sharp Kerr had a distinguished undergraduate career at Edinburgh University, graduating with honours. After house physician and surgeon posts in Edinburgh, he studied anatomy at the University of Wisconsin, gaining an MSc. After national service in the Royal Navy, he resumed postgraduate training at Edinburgh and subsequently the Hammersmith Hospital, where he developed a special interest in hepatology. He worked with Sheila Sherlock and wrote a seminal paper in the Lancet in 1958, entitled “The use of a steroidal spironolactone in the treatment of ascites in hepatic cirrhosis”—an approach that is still used today. Importantly, he also met Sister Jones on Ward B1, who was to become Mrs Eleanor Kerr. In 1959 he moved to Newcastle as first assistant to Professor George Smart, with the task of developing the then new specialty of nephrology. It was said that his grounding in nephrology was developed on the train from Kings Cross to Newcastle. He was promoted to senior lecturer in medicine and consultant physician at the Royal Victoria Infirmary in 1963, awarded a personal chair in medicine in 1968 and appointed professor of medicine in 1971. He remained in post until 1983, when he was appointed dean at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School.

He was greeted in Newcastle as the “whizz kid” from London but soon established that he was much more than that, with his clinical work, teaching, research, and personal relationships. He was a pioneer in the establishment of treatment of irreversible renal failure by dialysis and transplantation and one of the three …
Translating Expression Profiling into a Clinically Feasible Test to Predict Neuroblastoma Outcome
Authors: Alexander Schramm, Jo Vandesompele, Johannes H. Schulte, Sabine Dreesmann, Lars Kaderali, Benedikt Brors, Roland Eils, Frank Speleman, Angelika Eggert
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To assess the feasibility of predicting neuroblastoma outcome using highly parallel quantitative real-time PCR data. Experimental Design: We generated expression profiles of 63 neuroblastoma patients, 47 of which were analyzed by both Affymetrix U95A microarrays and highly parallel real-time PCR on microfluidic cards (MFC; Applied Biosystems). Top-ranked genes discriminating patients with event-free survival or relapse according to high-level analysis of Affymetrix chip data, as well as known neuroblastoma marker genes (MYCN and NTRK1/TrkA), were quantified simultaneously by real-time PCR. Analysis of PCR data was accomplished using high-level bioinformatics methods including prediction analysis of microarray, significance analysis of microarray, and Computerized Affected Sibling Pair Analyzer and Reporter. Results: Internal validation of the MFC method proved it highly reproducible. Correlation of MFC and chip expression data varied markedly for some genes. Outcome prediction using prediction analysis of microarray on real-time PCR data resulted in 80% accuracy, which is comparable to results obtained using the Affymetrix platform. Real-time PCR data were useful for risk assessment of relapsing neuroblastoma (P = 0.0006, log-rank test) when Computerized Affected Sibling Pair Analyzer and Reporter analysis was applied. Conclusions: These data suggest that multiplex real-time PCR might be a promising approach to reduce the complexity of information obtained from whole-genome array experiments. It could provide a more convenient and less expensive tool for routine application in a clinical setting.
In favor of an ecological account of color
Authors: Scott Huettel, Thomas Polger, Michael Riley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract Byrne &amp; Hilbert understate the difficulties facing their version of color realism. We doubt that they can fix reflectance types and magnitudes in a way that does not invoke relations to perceivers. B&amp;H's account, therefore, resembles the dispositional or ecological accounts that they dismiss. This is a good thing, for a dispositional account is promising if understood in an ecological framework.
Quantitation of Inflammatory Responses to Bacteria in Young Cystic Fibrosis and Control Patients
Authors: MARIANNE S. MUHLEBACH, PAUL W. STEWART, MARGARET W. LEIGH, TERRY L. NOAH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Recent studies suggest that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). The goal of the present study was to quantitatively compare bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammation and its relation to bacterial infection, between children with CF and children with other chronic respiratory problems. Differential cell counts, immunoreactive interleukin 8 (IL-8), and quantitative bacterial cultures were done in BALF from 54 CF (median age 1.8 yr) and 55 control patients (median age 1.0 yr) who underwent bronchoscopy for clinical indications. Among infected CF patients, those with Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not have more inflammation than those without P. aeruginosa. The ratio of neutrophils or of IL-8 to bacteria in BALF was significantly greater for CF patients compared with control subjects, regardless of pathogen. Calculation of linear regression for either neutrophils or IL-8, as a function of bacterial quantity, yielded positive slopes for both CF and control patients, but with significant elevations for CF. We conclude that the inflammatory response to bacterial infection is increased or prolonged in CF compared with control patients, and that this increase is not necessarily due to pathogens specific for CF (e.g., P. aeruginosa). These data may provide further rationale for anti-inflammatory therapy early in CF.
NOD/SCID/γcnull mouse: an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells
Authors: Mamoru Ito, Hidefumi Hiramatsu, Kimio Kobayashi, Kazutomo Suzue, Mariko Kawahata, Kyoji Hioki, Yoshito Ueyama, Yoshio Koyanagi, Kazuo Sugamura, Kohichiro Tsuji, Toshio Heike, Tatsutoshi Nakahata
Journal: Blood (2002)