tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calculated versus measured creatinine clearance for the dosing of methotrexate in patients with primary CNS lymphoma
Authors: D. E. Gerber, X. Ye, S. A. Grossman, T. Batchelor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

1536 Background: High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) (8g/m 2 ), the cornerstone of therapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), is commonly dosed using a measured 24-hour creatinine clearance (CrCl) every 2–4 weeks. Because these collections are cumbersome, costly, and at times unreliable, the use of a calculated CrCl was evaluated. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on data from all 25 patients (287 treatments) with PCNSL who participated in a multi-center phase II clinical trial of HDMTX conducted by the New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy (NABTT) CNS Consortium. Results: The 25 patients had a median age of 61 years (range 32–75 years). Seventeen patients (68%) were men. The patients received a median of 14 (range 2–21) HDMTX treatments. For 256 of 287 total treatments (89%), data were available to compare the measured and calculated (using the Cockcroft-Gault equation) CrCl. The average measured CrCl was 93±29 ml/min, and the average calculated CrCl was 107±43 ml/min. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.66 (p&lt;0.001) between the measured and calculated CrCl. Of the 256 HDMTX treatments evaluated, 158 (62%) had reliable 48-hour serum MTX levels documented. Forty-eight levels (30%) were in the ideal range (0.3–1 μmol/L), 98 levels (62%) were lower (&lt;0.3 μmol/L), 12 levels (8%) were higher (&gt;1–3 μmol/L), and no levels were in the range associated with significant toxicity (&gt;3 μmol/L). Of these 158 treatments, the use of a calculated rather than measured CrCl would have yielded an identical MTX dose for 46 treatments (29%), a higher MTX dose for 62 treatments (39%), and a lower MTX dose for 50 treatments (32%). This distribution was not significantly different among the subsets of low, ideal, and high MTX levels (p=0.13). Conclusions: In this cohort of patients with PCNSL, there is a high correlation between the calculated and measured CrCl. For these patients, there is not a clear association between the method of determining CrCl and serum MTX levels. Therefore, the administered MTX doses using either method are likely to be similar. In this patient population, a calculated CrCl could be used to avoid the cost and inconvenience associated with measured CrCl. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The number of abnormalities on pre-treatment PET scan predicts for overall survival of patient with localized esophageal and GE junction carcinoma (E/GEJC)
Authors: D. S. Hong, S. Lunagomez, E. Kim, J. Morris, S. G. Swisher, R. Bresalier, J. A. Ajani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4019 Background: The value of pre-treatment PET (pre-PET) in predicting outcome of patients (pts) with E/GEJC has not been established. We hypothesized that the extent of pre-PET abnormality would predict for the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Methods: 50 pts with localized E/GEJC (cIIa, cIIb, cIII), who had a pre-PET then preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CTRT), were analyzed for its association with DFS, OS, and pathCR. PET analyses accounted for the SUV of the primary Site (PSUV), peak SUV (PkSUV), number of hotspots (NSUV), the total of regional SUV other than the primary site (RSUV), and the total SUV (TSUV). Fisher's exact test and Log-rank test were used. Each of above pre-PET parameters was then correlated with DFS, OS, and pathCR. We also correlated pretreatment EUS stage with pre-PET parameters. Results: The NSUV and RSUV were significantly associated with OS of pts (p=0.028, p=0.006 respectively). Pts with ≥2 hotspots had a poor outcome with hazard function of 4.77. Pts with a RSUV of >1 also had a higher hazard function (2.12) than those with RSUV of ≤1. OS did not correlate with PSUV, PkSUV, or TSUV. No correlation was observed with any of the pre-PET parameters and pathCR (all p-values >0.05). Likewise, none of the pre-PET parameters predicted for DFS. In addition, there was no significant correlation between pretreatment EUS stage and pre-PET parameters (p>0.05 in all cases). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the RSUV and NSUV are significantly associated with OS of pts with E/GEJC. Therefore, pre-PET findings should now be used as a stratification factor in pts with E/GEJC participating in phase III randomized trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Body Mass Index, Abdominal Fatness, and Heart Failure Incidence and Mortality
Authors: Dagfinn Aune, Abhijit Sen, Teresa Norat, Imre Janszky, Pål Romundstad, Serena Tonstad, Lars J. Vatten
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background— Obesity has been associated with increased risk of heart failure, but whether overweight also increases risk is unclear. It is also unclear whether abdominal adiposity is more strongly associated with heart failure risk than general adiposity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to clarify the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between general and abdominal adiposity and the risk of heart failure. Methods and Results— PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to October 10, 2014. Summary relative risks were calculated using random-effects models. A total of 28 studies (27 publications) were included. Twenty-three prospective studies with &gt;15 905 incident cases among 647 388 participants were included in the analysis of body mass index and heart failure incidence, and 4 studies were included for heart failure mortality. The summary relative risk for a 5-unit increment in body mass index was 1.41 (95% confidence interval, 1.34–1.47; I 2 =83%) for heart failure incidence and 1.26 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.87; I 2 =95%) heart failure mortality. Although the test for nonlinearity was significant ( P &lt;0.0001), this appeared to be attributable to a threshold at a body mass index of ≈23 to 24 kg/m 2 ; however, there was evidence of increased risk even in the overweight body mass index range. The summary relative risk for a 10-cm increase in waist circumference was 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.21–1.37; I 2 =89%) and per 0.1-unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio was 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.47; I 2 =82%). Conclusion— Overweight and obesity and abdominal adiposity are associated with increased risk of heart failure.
A study of US-based Indian and Pakistani population with cancer diagnosis reported in the SEER database from 1988 to 2002
Authors: A. Hossain, A. Sehbai, J. Abraham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

20116 Background: Southeast Asian population comprises about 1.5% of the US population and one of the rapidly growing ethnic groups. This is the first study in US-based Indian and Pakistani patients with new diagnosis of cancer analyzing the epidemiologic data. Methods: SEER cancer incidence database have reported cancer incidence from 13 SEER registries from 1973 to 2002. Frequency sessions were performed and descriptive parameters were calculated regarding age, sex, marital status, vital statistics, stage, grade, tumor sites and other diagnostic tests employed. Results: About 11% of the estimated Indian and Pakistani population live in the 13 SEER registry areas. A total of 4,229 cases were reported since 1988 in this subcategory, which is about 0.03% of the total reported cases. 2148 (50.8%) were male and 2081 (49.2%) were female (p = 0.821). Average age at diagnosis was 51 years in male and 53 years in female (p = 0.7295). Table shows the incidence of different cancers compiled from American Cancer Society (ACS) (2005) 1 , SEER 2 and World Health Organization (WHO) (2002) 3 databases. Conclusions: Oral cavity cancer in males, and Breast and cervical cancer in females are common malignancies in India and Pakistan. Our study shows that prostate and breast cancer are most common in males and females in US-based Indian and Pakistani population respectively. Immigrants change their demographics regarding cancers and these differences could be attributed to multiple factors. This data may also have implications in terms of earlier screening of cancer in this population and earlier intervention. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Double prothèse oesophagienne et trachéale chez les malades atteints de cancer de l'oesophage localement avancé: faisabilité, efficacité et complications
Authors: S Lecleire, F Di Fiore, M Antonietti, E Ben Soussan, P Michel, P Ducrotté
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Le cancer de l'oesophage localement avancé (COLA) peut se compliquer de dysphagie sévère ou de dyspnée par compression trachéale, ou d'une fistule oesophago-trachéale (FOT). Chez certains patients, l'insertion d'une double prothèse trachéale et oesophagienne (DPTO) devient nécessaire afin de pallier ces symptômes. Devant le peu de données disponibles dans la littérature, le but de l'étude était d'évaluer la faisabilité, l'efficacité et les complications des DPTO.
Maternal use of oral contraceptives and risk of birth defects in Denmark: prospective, nationwide cohort study
Authors: Brittany M Charlton, Ditte Mølgaard-Nielsen, Henrik Svanström, Jan Wohlfahrt, Björn Pasternak, Mads Melbye
Journal: BMJ (2016)

<b>Study question</b>&nbsp;Is oral contraceptive use around the time of pregnancy onset associated with an increased risk of major birth defects? <b>Methods</b>&nbsp;In a prospective observational cohort study, data on oral contraceptive use and major birth defects were collected among 880 694 live births from Danish registries between 1997 and 2011. We conservatively assumed that oral contraceptive exposure lasted up to the most recently filled prescription. The main outcome measure was the number of major birth defects throughout one year follow-up (defined according to the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies classification). Logistic regression estimated prevalence odds ratios of any major birth defect as well as categories of birth defect subgroups. <b>Study answer and limitations</b>&nbsp;Prevalence of major birth defects (per 1000 births) was consistent across each oral contraceptive exposure group (25.1, never users; 25.0, use &gt;3 months before pregnancy onset (reference group); 24.9, use 0-3 months before pregnancy onset (that is, recent use); 24.8, use after pregnancy onset). No increase in prevalence of major birth defects was seen with oral contraceptive exposure among women with recent use before pregnancy (prevalence odds ratio 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.03)) or use after pregnancy onset (0.95 (0.84 to 1.08)), compared with the reference group. There was also no increase in prevalence of any birth defect subgroup (for example, limb defects). It is unknown whether women took oral contraceptives up to the date of their most recently filled prescription. Also, the rarity of birth defects made disaggregation of the results difficult. Residual confounding was possible, and the analysis lacked information on folate, one of the proposed mechanisms. <b>What this study adds</b>&nbsp;Oral contraceptive exposure just before or during pregnancy does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of major birth defects. <b>Funding, competing interests, data sharing</b>&nbsp;BMC was funded by the Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health's Maternal Health Task Force and Department of Epidemiology Rose Traveling Fellowship; training grant T32HD060454 in reproductive, perinatal, and paediatric epidemiology and award F32HD084000 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; and grant T32CA09001 from the National Cancer Institute. The authors have no competing interests or additional data to share.
Effect of adjuvant tamoxifen and letrozol on the fate of peripheral blood CK-19 mRNA+ cells in patients with early breast cancer
Authors: N. Xenidis, D. Mavroudis, C. H. Kouroussis, L. Kalmanti, A. Pallis, P. Kanellou, G. Sfakiotaki, M. Perraki, S. Apostolaki, A. Kalykaki, V. Georgoulias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

754 Background: To evaluate the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen (TAM) and letrozol (LETR) on the occult peripheral blood (PB) CK-19 mRNA+ cells in correlation with the clinical outcome. Methods: Patients were treated with TAM (group TAM: n= 117 pts), LETR (LETR: n= 34pts) or sequential TAM (2 or 3 years) and LETR (3 or 2 years) (TAM/LETR: n= 46pts) after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy. CK-19 mRNA+ cells were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Results: Post-chemotherapy, CK-19 mRNA+ cells could be detected in 39 (33.3%), 13 (38.2%) and 14 (30.4%) patients treated with TAM, LETR, and TAM/LETR, respectively. Hormone treatment resulted in undetectable levels of PB CK-19 mRNA+ cells in 33 (84.5%) TAM and 11 (85%) LETR patients. In the TAM/LETR group, LETR resulted in undetectable levels of CK-19 mRNA+ cells in 12 (80%) of 15 patients with CK-19 mRNA+ cells after adjuvant TAM. The median duration of CK-19 mRNA-negative peripheral blood was higher in patients receiving LETR (LETR and TAM/LETR groups) than in those receiving TAM (TAM group) (p=0.0075). The incidence of relapse was 11.7% (TAM), 14.3% (LETR) and 8.5% (TAM/LETR). The probability of relapse was significantly higher (p= 0.0025) for patients with detectable CK-19mRNA+ cells than for patients without CK-19mRNA+ cells before or during adjuvant hormone treatment. CK-19 mRNA+ cells during hormone treatment was associated with a lower overall survival (p=0.0394). Conclusions: We unclude that: 1) PB CK-19 mRNA+ cells are sensitive to TAM and LETR; 2) TAM-resistant CK-19 mRNA+ cells are sensitive to LETR; 3) the elimination of PB CK-19 mRNA+ cells with hormone treatment seems to have a positive effect on both disease-free interval and overall survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Delaying therapy in Pts age ≥ 65 with untreated AML
Authors: E. Estey, F. Giles, G. Garcia-Manero, H. Kantarjian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

6560 186 pts age ≥ 65 with untreated normal karyotype AML given ara-C-containing Rx at MDA from 1996–2005 had course 1(C1) CR and death rates of 57% and 13%, while in 133 pts with abnormalities of chromosomes 5 and/or 7 (−5/−7) the C1 CR rate was essentially identical to the C1 death rate (30% and 27%). Knowledge of cytogenetics, while thus valuable in planning Rx, may not be available for ≥ 1 week after presentation, raising questions as to the advisability of waiting this long to begin Rx. We previously reported a multivariate analysis in 197 pts, median age 64 and with presenting WBC &lt; 50,000, given idarubicin + ara-C for untreated AML at M.D. Anderson between 2001- and 2004, finding that the independent predictors of CR were age and cytogenetics but not the number of days from MDA presentation to MDA Rx (Estey et al. 2004 ASH meeting,abstract #879). Because Rx was delayed for &gt; 1 week in only small numbers of older pts we now extend these observations to 684 pts age ≥ 65 with untreated AML and presenting WBC &lt; 50,000 given induction Rx (± ara-C) at MDA since 1996. Time from MDA presentation to Rx was &lt; 1 week in 423, 1–2 weeks in 126, 2 weeks-1 month in 80, and &gt; 1 month in 55. This time was not affected by age, bilirubin, creatinine, or by whether induction Rx contained ara-C. However, 7% of pts Rxed within 2 weeks of diagnosis had performance status 3–4 vs. only 1% of pts Rxed after a delay of &gt; 14 days (p = 0.008), leading us to limit analysis to pts with performance status 0–2. Results were as follows: Although CR rates were higher, results were qualitatively similar considering only pts given ara-C-containing Rx. Recognizing the potential influence of unrecorded covariates, the data suggest that delay of Rx in pts age ≥ 64 with untreated AML, WBC count &lt; 50,000, and performance status &lt; 3 does not affect outcome of induction therapy, a possibility given more credence by the several days that elapse between diagnosis of AML by referring physicians and MDA presentation. Delaying Rx allows knowledge of cytogenetic status, thus permitting investigational Rx, or supportive care only, to be directed to pts with -5/-7. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Anti-EGFR mAb cetuximab therapy increases T cell receptor (TCR) diversity in the peripheral blood and focuses TCR richness in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Benjamin A Kansy, Yan Lin, Fei Ding, Sandra Poveda Gibson, Hyun-Bae Jie, Robert L Ferris
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of tumor antigen is essential for effective antitumor immunity. The immune system`s ability to respond to a broad spectrum of antigens requires a sophisticated selection of various TCR. So far, little is known about the role of TCR richness and
Use of epigenetic aberrant promoter methylation in serum DNA for detection of pneumoconiosis-associated lung cancer
Authors: S. Umemura, K. Fujiwara, M. Tabata, T. Kishimoto, K. Gemba, T. Kodani, N. Takigawa, K. Kiura, H. Ueoka, M. Tanimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

20059 Background: Pneumoconiosis is known to be associated with an independent increased risk of lung cancer. However, it is difficult to detect lung cancer radiographically in patient with pneumoconiosis because of pre-existing diffuse pulmonary shadows. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of serum DNA methylation for detection of pneumoconiosis-associated lung cancer. Methods: We investigated to identify promoter methylation status of RAR-beta, p16 INK4a , MGMT, DAPK, and RASSFIA gene in serum DNA using methylation-specific PCR. Sera were obtained from 31 control patients with non-malignant-non-pneumoconiotic pulmonary disease (Group I), 36 with pneumoconiosis (Group II), and 5 with pneumoconiosis-associated lung cancer (Group III). DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA Blood Midi Kit (Qiagen, CA). Following DNA bisulfite modification using CpGenome DNA Modification Kit (Intergen, NY), PCR was performed with primers for methylated or unmethylated promoter sequences. Results: Median (range) age of patients were 61 (26–78), 71 (49–86), and 69 (56–78) for Group I, II, and III respectively. Median (range) duration of silica and asbestos exposure were 33 (3–47) years and 33(32–40) years for Group II and III respectively. All of 5 pneumoconiosis-associated lung cancer were adenocarcinoma. Eleven patients (35.5%) in Group I, 19 patients (52.8%) in Group II, and 5 patients (100%) in Group III were shown to have methylation of at least one gene. The total number of methylated genes per patient were, 0.35, 0.69, and 1.20 for groups I, II, and III respectively (p = 0.013, Kruskal-Wallis analysis). In Group II, methylation status did not correlate with duration of occupational exposure, smoking history, radiographic findings, and age. Conclusions: In patients with pneumoconiosis, monitoring of aberrant promoter methylation of serum DNA might be useful for assessing the risk of lung cancer and early detection of lung cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Co-delivery of doxorubicin and amphiphilic derivative of Gd-DTPA with lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles for simultaneous imaging and targeted therapy of cancer
Authors: Bo Wu, Can Cui, Lei Liu, Ping Yu, Yang Zhang, Ming Wu, Liu-Jie Zhang, Ren-Xi Zhuo, Shi-Wen Huang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Abstract 9198: Clinical characteristics, Presentation and Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention among HIV-positive Patients Compared to Controls: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Existing Studies
Authors: Salman J Bandeali, Mahboob Alam, Christie Ballantyne, Nasser Lakkis
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: The impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not well defined. We conducted a meta-analysis of all existing studies comparing the clinical events in HIV (+) patients and controls. Hypothesis: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy may portend a higher risk for recurrent coronary events after PCI. Methods: A comprehensive PubMed search identified 6 studies comparing 366 HIV (+) patients and 1021 controls. Angiographic and clinical outcomes (including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, stent thrombosis, recurrent ACS, repeat revascularization and stroke) were studied. Review Manager 5.1 was used to conduct statistical analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effects model. A p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: HIV (+) patients were more likely to be young males with reduced prevalence of DM, HTN and hyperlipidemia. The proportion of smoking and illicit drug use was higher in the HIV (+) group. A higher proportion of HIV (+) patients presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction prior to PCI compared to controls (38.7% vs. 30.5%; p=0.007). There were no differences in the angiographic characteristics (stent type, stent diameter, stent length, no. of vessels involved). The proportion of individuals undergoing revascularization with angioplasty or stent implantation was similar between HIV and non-HIV groups. Over a mean follow up of 13 months, there was no difference in mortality, stroke, and stent thrombosis. Recurrent ACS was more frequent in HIV (+) patients (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.53-4.67) with a trend towards increased repeat revascularization in HIV (+) patients [Table]. Conclusion: In conclusion, HIV (+) patients are more likely to be readmitted with recurrent ACS after PCI compared to non-HIV patients. HIV status is not associated with increased mortality after PCI.