tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glufosfamide administered as a 1 hour infusion every 3 weeks in colon carcinoma: An open label phase II study
Authors: I. Kudajbergenova, S. Navrusov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3698 Background: Glufosfamide (Glufo) is a new alkylating agent in which the active metabolite is linked to β-D-glucose to target the glucose transporter system and increase intracellular uptake in tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-tumor activity and safety of Glufo given as 1st line chemotherapy in patients (pts) with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Methods: Pts received 5000 mg/m2 of Glufo as a 1-hour infusion every 3 weeks. Response was assessed according to RECIST criteria. CTC 2.0 criteria were used for toxicity assessment. The appropriate ethical committees approved the study and pts gave written informed consent. Results: Fifteen pts were included over a 17-month period . Two pts had WHO performance status of ≤ 1 and 13 pts stage 2 (male/female: 9/6; median age 59 years). A total of 29 treatment cycles were administered in 15 pts. Anti-tumor activity: Per protocol (PP) analysis 2 of 10 pts had partial response (intend to treat analysis 2 of 15 pts). Stable disease was observed in 6 of 15 pts. Safety profile: One patient only developed leucopenia of grade 3. All other hematological toxicities did not exceed grade 2. A decrease of creatinine clearance below 60 ml/min was observed in 4 pts. Nausea (14 pts), vomiting (6 pts), and alopecia (5 pts) were frequently observed toxicities, not exceeding grade 2. All pts except one had liver metastases at study entry with elevated liver enzyme values at baseline. A slight increase of liver enzymes was observed in 10 pts, not exceeding grade 2. No hematuria was observed. Conclusions: Glufo administered as 1st line chemotherapy showed anti-tumor activity in advanced colon carcinoma. Hematological toxicity was particularly mild and careful monitoring of renal function was required. Further studies are warranted to confirm the anti-tumor activity of Glufo in advanced colon carcinoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies
Authors: Bala Chakravarthy Neelapu, Om Prakash Kharbanda, Harish Kumar Sardana, Rajiv Balachandran, Viren Sardana, Priyanka Kapoor, Abhishek Gupta, Srikanth Vasamsetti
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2016)
Long-Term Studies on Carcinogenicity and Promoting Effect of Phenylbutazone in DONRYU Rats<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: A Meakawa, H Onodera, H Tanigawa, K Furuta, J Kanno, C Matsuoka, T Ogiu, Y Hayashi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The carcinogenicity and promoting effect of phenylbutazone were investigated in inbred DONRYU rats. In the carcinogenicity study, both sexes were administered the chemical at dietary levels of 0 (control), 0.125, or 0.25% for 2 years. Toxic lesions were associated with phenylbutazone treatment in the kidney and digestive tract, appearing to have an adverse effect on life expectancy. Various tumors were detected in all groups including the controls. With the exception of pheochromocytoma in the female high-dose group, no statistically significant increase in yield of any tumors, including leukemia, was apparent in the treated groups of either sex when the data were analyzed by Fisher's exact probability and/or chi-square tests. Application of an age-adjusted statistical analysis revealed a slight positive effect regarding the occurrence of pheochromocytomas, neoplastic liver nodules, and leukemias in females. However, these tumors are commonly observed to develop spontaneously in this rat strain, and no such effect was apparent in the male groups. In addition, no differences in incidences of relevant preneoplastic lesions were evident between control and treated groups. Thus phenylbutazone showed no carcinogenic activity in DONRYU rats when given continuously in the diet for 2 years. For the investigation of promoting effect, phenylbutazone was given as a dietary supplement for 2 years subsequent to initiation with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea or N-propyl-N-nitrosourea. No enhancement of nitrosourea-induced leukemogenesis was apparent, although a slight promoting effect was demonstrated for renal and thyroid tumorigenesis.
Enhancement of Tumor Induction in Rats With Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus by a “New” Method Based on Direct Injection Into Fetuses2
Authors: Takahiro Hirano, Hiroaki Miyajima, Tasuku Watanabe, Ryoichi Tsukuda, Kiro Shimamoto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Undiluted, fivefold-diluted, and 25-fold-diluted doses of a stock of Moloney murine sarcoma virus were injected directly, in a volume of 0.025 ml, into the backs of fetal Sprague-Dawley rats by laparotomy through the uterine wall at 18 days of gestation. During the first 8 weeks after birth the young responded to the virus with remarkably high but dose-dependent incidences of neoplasms. When a one-fifth dilution of the virus preparation was inoculated at fetal ages 16, 18, and 20 days, the incidences of lesions decreased with advancing fetal age. The tumors developed preferentially at the virus inoculation site and/or in the proximal parts of the extremeties; all were considered to be of mesenchymal derivation, i.e., malignant mesenchymoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma or fibromyxosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, plasmacytoma, and a giant cell tumor. This injection procedure provided us with a valuable experimental tool for the rapid screening or testing of potential chemical carcinogens and other biologic studies.
Effect of EGFRvIII-targeted vaccine (CDX-110) on immune response and TTP when given with simultaneous standard and continuous temozolomide in patients with GBM
Authors: J. H. Sampson, G. E. Archer, D. D. Bigner, T. Davis, H. S. Friedman, T. Keler, D. A. Mitchell, D. A. Reardon, R. Sawaya, A. B. Heimberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2011 Background: Conventional therapies for GBM fail to target tumor cells exclusively. Immunologic targeting of tumor- specific gene mutations may allow more precise eradication of neoplastic cells. The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is a consistent and immunogenic mutation that is not expressed in any normal tissues, but is widely expressed in GBMs and other neoplasms making it an attractive target for active immunotherapy. Methods: A phase II multicenter clinical trial was undertaken to assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of an EGFRvIII-specific peptide vaccine in patients with newly-diagnosed, EGFRvIII+ GBM in combination with simultaneous standard or continuous temozolomide (TMZ). After resection and radiation/TMZ (75 mg/m2/d), consecutive cohorts received subsequent monthly cycles of 200 mg/m2 (N=13) or continuous 100 mg/m2 (N=8) TMZ simultaneous with intradermal vaccinations with an EGFRvIII-specific peptide (PEPvIII) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) until tumor progression or death. Results: 21 patients were enrolled. There was one allergic reaction, but no other SAEs. There were no significant differences in vaccine immunogenicity (p>0.999; binomial proportions), PFS (p=0.7979; log-rank), or OS (p=0.7728; log-rank) between TMZ regimens. Although TMZ induced grade II lymphopenia in 53.8% of patients, the co-administration of TMZ with the EGFRvIII vaccine (CDX-110) results in strong sustained immune responses to EGFRvIII in 100% (95%CI: 0.72, 1.00) of evaluated patients. Median PFS was 16.6 months (95%CI: 9.1, 22.7). Median survival has not been reached. The survival of the vaccinated patients is better than a matched historical control group (14.3 months; 95%CI: 13.0, 16.2) (p<0.0001; log-rank) and a subgroup treated with TMZ (15.2; 95%CI: 13.9, 20.5) (p=0.0078) and is also equivalent to the results seen in patients vaccinated without simultaneous temozolomide (p=0.4108; log-rank). Conclusions: CDX-110 peptide vaccination with standard of care temozolomide in patients with GBM appears very promising and is under investigation in a phase III, randomized clinical trial. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Celldex Therapeutics Celldex Therapeutics Celldex Therapeutics Celldex Therapeutics
Abstract 9445: Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Compared to Carotid Artery Plaque and Coronary Artery Calcium Presence for Predicting Cardiovascular Disease Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Adam D Gepner, Rebekah Young, Joseph C Delaney, Mattew C Tattersall, Michael C Blaha, Wendy S Post, Rebecca F Gottesman, Richard Kronmal, Matthew J Budoff, Gregory L Burke, Aaron R Folsom, Kiang Liu, Joel Kaufman, James H Stein
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: As a clinical tool, carotid ultrasound can re-classify patients to a higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk level when the intima-media thickness (CIMT) is high (≥75th percentile for age, sex, and race) or carotid plaque (CP) is present. No studies have directly compared the predictive utility of CP presence, high common carotid artery IMT, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) presence for incident CVD events in a large, multi-ethnic cohort with extended follow up. Methods: CVD events (CVD death, coronary heart disease [CHD] and stroke), and transient ischemic attack (TIA) were prospectively assessed in 6,779 MESA participants free of CVD at baseline. CP presence was evaluated and compared to common carotid artery IMT and CAC presence using Cox proportional hazards models, C-statistics and net reclassification indices. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data. Results: At baseline, participants were mean (standard deviation) 60.3 (9.4) years old. CAC was present in 49.9% and CP was present in 46.7% subjects. Baseline mean left and right common carotid artery IMT were 0.754 (0.210) mm and 0.751 (0.187) mm. After a median of 8.5 years, 538 CVD events, 388 CHD events and 196 stroke/TIAs were observed. CAC presence was a stronger predictor of CVD, CHD and stroke/TIA than any carotid ultrasound measure (Table). Compared to traditional risk factors, c-statistics for CVD and CHD increased most by the addition of CAC presence (p&lt;0.001) followed by CP presence (CVD, p=0.03; CHD p=0.04). Neither CAC presence nor any carotid measure improved the c-statistic for stroke/TIA (p&gt;0.3). Common carotid artery IMT did not improve the predictive value of CP presence. Conclusion: CAC presence predicts incident CVD, CHD, and stroke/TIA events better than CP presence, high common carotid artery IMT, or their composite. CAC presence is a better CVD prediction tool than carotid ultrasound measures in healthy, middle-aged adults.
Stimuli Associated with Drug Injections as Events that Control Behavior
Authors: S.R. Goldberg
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1975)

In this paper, some of the ways were briefly reviewed in which environmental stimuli that have been associated with injections of morphine or narcotic antagonists can come to modify and control behavior. Many of the effects described have also been demonstrated with drugs from other pharmacological classes. Environmental stimuli that occur in association with human drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior play an important role in the development, control, and perpetuation of this behavior. A variety of approaches to the experimental analysis of the control of behavior by such stimuli have been illustrated. Studies with these approaches promise to expand our understanding of the dynamic processes involved in drug use by human addicts.
Let's keep running… exercise, basic science and the knowledge gaps
Authors: André La Gerche, Julie R McMullen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

The health benefits of exercise are greater than the sum of the parts. The overall mortality benefit from physical activity is even greater than would be expected from its efficacy in improving all cardiac risk factors, preventing cancer, chronic disease and disability.1 It is valuable to dissect the mechanisms by which exercise promotes better health outcomes, and in this edition of Heart , Wilson et al 2 elegantly detail the ways in which basic science investigations have advanced our understanding of exercise-dependent cardiovascular modifications. Study of the molecular pathways offers promise of new targets for therapies that may elicit exercise-like benefits for cardiovascular health. Furthermore, in the growing epidemic of chronic disease related to a sedentary lifestyle, it is hoped that increasing the evidence base linking exercise to health may motivate societal change. As enthusiastic pro-exercise scientific clinicians/researchers, we share the optimism of our colleagues and seek to extol the virtues of exercise but we also take the opportunity here to critically appraise some of the limitations in the exercise science translational model.

1. Where are the outcomes? This is perhaps our greatest failing. While our rodents are getting fitter, our community is getting fatter and there is a clear need to improve the translation of our scientific discoveries into more effective public health interventions. Perhaps there is a need to extend our focus to study the psychosocial impediments to exercise or the individual variation explaining why exercise is a joy for some and a chore for others.

2. Exercise is not a binary intervention : The public may be confused by the mixed messages coming from our laboratories. On the one hand, exercise is reported to promote healthy physiological heart growth in adult rodents2 while other investigators have used a slightly …
Denisovan Ancestry in East Eurasian and Native American Populations
Authors: Pengfei Qin, Mark Stoneking
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Although initial studies suggested that Denisovan ancestry was found only in modern human populations from island Southeast Asia and Oceania, more recent studies have suggested that Denisovan ancestry may be more widespread. However, the geographic extent of Denisovan ancestry has not been determined, and moreover the relationship between the Denisovan ancestry in Oceania and that elsewhere has not been studied. Here we analyze genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data from 2,493 individuals from 221 worldwide populations, and show that there is a widespread signal of a very low level of Denisovan ancestry across Eastern Eurasian and Native American (EE/NA) populations. We also verify a higher level of Denisovan ancestry in Oceania than that in EE/NA; the Denisovan ancestry in Oceania is correlated with the amount of New Guinea ancestry, but not the amount of Australian ancestry, indicating that recent gene flow from New Guinea likely accounts for signals of Denisovan ancestry across Oceania. However, Denisovan ancestry in EE/NA populations is equally correlated with their New Guinea or their Australian ancestry, suggesting a common source for the Denisovan ancestry in EE/NA and Oceanian populations. Our results suggest that Denisovan ancestry in EE/NA is derived either from common ancestry with, or gene flow from, the common ancestor of New Guineans and Australians, indicating a more complex history involving East Eurasians and Oceanians than previously suspected.
Life-threatening hyperleukocytosis and pulmonary compromise after priming with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia.
Authors: A I Einzig, J P Dutcher, P H Wiernik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.1.304 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7799037 Life-threatening hyperleukocytosis and pulmonary compromise after priming with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. A I EinzigxA I EinzigSearch for articles by this author , J P DutcherxJ P DutcherSearch for articles by this author , P H WiernikxP H WiernikSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.1.304 PDF "Life-threatening hyperleukocytosis and pulmonary compromise after priming with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 13(1), pp. 304–305© 1995 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Serum prostate-specific antigen: the most useful tumor marker.
Authors: G L Andriole
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.8.1205 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 1378885 Serum prostate-specific antigen: the most useful tumor marker. G L AndriolexG L AndrioleSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1992.10.8.1205 First Page PDF © 1992 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Interventions Linked to Decreased Heart Failure Hospitalizations During Ambulatory Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Maria R. Costanzo, Lynne W. Stevenson, Philip B. Adamson, Akshay S. Desai, J. Thomas Heywood, Robert C. Bourge, Jordan Bauman, William T. Abraham
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2016)
Defining high-quality palliative care in oncology practice: An ASCO/AAHPM Guidance Statement.
Authors: Kathleen Elizabeth Bickel, Kristen K. McNiff, Mary K. Buss, Arif Kamal, Dale Lupu, Amy Pickar Abernethy, Michael S. Broder, Charles L. Shapiro, Anupama Kurup Acheson, Jennifer Malin, Tracey L. Evans, Monika K. Krzyzanowska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

108 Background: When integrated into routine oncology care, palliative care can improve symptom burden, quality of life, and patient and caregiver satisfaction. However, not all oncology practices have access to subspecialty palliative medicine for referral. This project endeavored to define what constitutes high-quality primary palliative care as delivered by medical oncology practices. Methods: An expert steering committee developed a list of 966 palliative care service items, divided into nine domains, each describing an aspect of palliative care delivery for patients with advanced cancer. Using a modified Delphi methodology, 31 multi-disciplinary panelists ranked each service item according to importance, feasibility and scope. Results: Panelists endorsed the highest proportion of palliative care service items in the domains of End-of-Life Care (81%); Communication and Shared Decision-Making (79%); and Care Planning (78%). Lowest proportions were in: Spiritual and Cultural Assessment and Management (35%) and Psychosocial Assessment and Management (39%). In the largest domain, Symptom Assessment and Management, there was consensus that all symptoms should be assessed and managed at a basic level with more comprehensive management for common symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea and pain. Under the domain of Appropriate Palliative Care and Hospice Referral, there was consensus that oncology practices should be able to describe the difference between palliative care and hospice to patients and refer patients with an expected survival of under 3 months or poor performance status (Zubrod 3-4) to hospice. Conclusions: This statement describes high-quality palliative care for patients with advanced cancer or high symptom burden, as delivered by oncology practices. Oncology providers wishing to enhance palliative care delivery may find the guidance useful to inform operational changes and quality improvement efforts.
Gastric linitis adenocarcinoma and carcinomatous meningitis: An infrequent but aggressive association – report of four cases
Authors: T Delaunoit, V Boige, J Belloc, D Elias, P Lasser, P Duvillard, M Ducreux
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)

Carcinomatous meningitis (CM) is a very rare complication of gastrointestinal malignancies and especially gastric adenocarcinoma. Linitis plastica (LP), which is a specific form of gastric neoplasia, locally penetrates through the gastric wall to reach the peritoneum. Lymph node involvement is frequent and metastatic sites are almost exclusively observed in the abdominal cavity. The meningeal localization is extremely rare with only a few cases described in the literature. We report here, over a five-year period, four cases of CM on a total of eighty linitis cases diagnosed and treated in our institution, which represent 5% of a non selected linitis population. The clinical manifestations were clearly poor, and characterized by aspecific neurological signs. The diagnosis was made by the discovery of signet cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. Invasive treatment, consisting of intrathecal infusion of chemotherapy, was undertaken with mixed clinical response and no cytological normalization of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In conclusion, our observation which is based on a large series of successive gastric linitis, demonstrates a 5% frequency of developing CM with a predominance among metastatic patients. Furthermore, the diagnosis of CM must be done as soon as possible because of the clear effectiveness of a therapeutic approach on the improvement of symptoms and quality of life.
Prognostic significance of the level of serum osteoprotegerin in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Y. Mizutani, Y. N. Li, T. Shiraishi, T. Nakamura, T. Nomoto, K. Okihara, O. Ukimura, K. Yoneda, A. Kawauchi, T. Miki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

4581 Background: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) plays an important role in cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated and natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis against cancer cells. Since Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble decoy receptor for TRAIL, circulating OPG has been implicated in protection from TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. This possibility was examined in patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Serum OPG levels of 185 patients with bladder cancer were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-autologous tumor cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed by the 12-h Cr release assay. Results: The mean serum OPG level in patients with bladder cancer was approximately 3-fold higher than that in normal donors. The serum OPG level in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer was higher than that in superficial bladder cancer. Furthermore, serum level of OPG in patients with metastatic bladder cancer was higher than that in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Serum OPG level in Grade 2 bladder cancer was higher than that in Grade 1 cancer. Moreover, serum OPG level in Grade 3 bladder cancer was higher than that in Grade 2 cancer. Patients with superficial bladder cancer with low serum OPG level had a longer postoperative tumor-free rate than those with high level in the 5-year follow-up. In addition, patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with low serum OPG level had a higher disease-specific survival rate when compared with patients with high level in the 5-year follow-up. There was an inverse correlation between serum OPG level and anti-autologous tumor cytotoxic activity. Conclusions: The present study is the first to demonstrate that the serum OPG level correlates with the stage/grade of bladder cancer, and that elevated level serum OPG predicted early recurrence in patient with bladder cancer. These findings suggest that serum OPG level may be used as a prognostic parameter in patients with bladder cancer, and that OPG may be a molecular therapeutic target in bladder cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.