tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Keratolysis exfoliativa (dyshidrosis lamellosa sicca): a distinct peeling entity
Authors: Y.Y. Chang, J. van der Velden, G. van der Wier, D. Kramer, G.F.H. Diercks, M. van Geel, P.J. Coenraads, P.L.J.M. Zeeuwen, M.F. Jonkman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Background Keratolysis exfoliativa (KE), also known as dyshidrosis lamellosa sicca, is a palmoplantar dermatosis characterized by air‐filled blisters and collarette desquamation. It has been regarded as a subtype of dyshidrotic eczema, a fungal infection or a dermatophytid reaction. KE may also resemble acral peeling skin syndrome and localized epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Although KE is a common disorder, it is a rarely reported and is an under‐recognized dermatosis. Objectives To delineate the characteristic features of KE. Methods We investigated the clinical, immunohistopathological, ultrastructural and molecular features of KE. Patients were included from the clinical records. Additional diagnostic research consisted of mutation analysis of the candidate genes TGM5, KRT5, KRT14, FLG, SPINK6 and SPINK9. Results A total of 24 patients with KE were identified, six with familial and 18 with sporadic KE. Lesions consisted of air‐filled blisters only on palmoplantar skin, followed by collarette and lamellar peeling. Both light microscopy and electron microscopy showed cleavage and partially degraded corneodesmosomes within the stratum corneum, whereas immunofluorescence microscopy showed normal expression of corneodesmosomal components. No mutations were found in TGM5, KRT5/14 and SPINK6/9. There was no clear link with atopy or with FLG mutations. Conclusions Our study suggests premature corneodesmolysis as the main pathological mechanism of this palmoplantar skin disorder. We conclude that KE appears to be a distinct peeling entity.
Smoking Ban — Made in Ireland, for Home Use and for Export
Authors: N. Gerry McElvaney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

On March 29, 2004, the Irish government implemented a law banning smoking in the workplace. This was the first law of its kind in Europe and represented the culmination of many decades of antismoking legislation and campaigning.(Figure)As early as the 16th century, people in Ireland recognized the problems with tobacco consumption. One of the earliest references to these problems was by the priest and poet Brian Mac Giolla Phadraig, who, lamenting the decline of his native country, attributed it at least in part to "a stoc tobac `na clab da lantseideadh" (tobacco pipe in jaw, at full . . .
Does 3D imaging improve laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing skill acquisition in novices and trainee surgeons?
Authors: Walid Elbakbak, Badriya Alaramim, Amina Bouhelal, Shah-Jalal Sarker, Bijendra Patel
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)

s / International Journal of Surgery 11 (2013) 686e745 706 ABSTRACTS 1447: DOES 3D IMAGING IMPROVE LAPAROSCOPIC INTRACORPOREAL SUTURING SKILL ACQUISITION IN NOVICES AND TRAINEE SURGEONS? Walid Elbakbak , Badriya Alaramim, Amina Bouhelal , Shah-Jalal Sarker , Bijendra Patel . Barts Cancer institue, London, UK; Royal London Hospital, London, UK. Aims: To objectively evaluate and compare the effects of 3D versus 2D vision system on novice and surgeons performing laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing in terms of performance times, number of repetitions and errors in standardised laboratory settings. Methods: Thirty novices (medical-students) and twenty four core surgical trainees (year 1 &2) were randomised between two vision systems (3D or 2D) stratified by gender. Candidates performed laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing according to the validated fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) curriculum until task proficiency is achieved. Parameter measured were the total time to reach task proficiency, number of repetitions and task errors. Results: We concluded that the performance time and repetitions while performing laparoscopic suturing under 3D and 2D vision systems were similar but a trend towards fewer errors and better precision score was observed in 3D vision in both novices and trainees. The novice participant's error score was statically significant (P1⁄40.002). Conclusion: Acquiring laparoscopic suturing skills using 3D vision system is as effective as conventional 2D laparoscopy with no statistical difference in time, number of repetitions and measured error rates in reaching proficiency using FLS curriculum. However, there is a trend towards fewer errors and better precision score in candidates performing under 3D vision. 1449: IMPACT OF EWTD ON PATIENT CARE AND TRAINING e EXPERIENCE OF A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL Dilraj Bilku, David Andrew, Suresh Pillai. United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS
Letter from Western Australia: Flying to the rescue
Authors: B. Milsted
Journal: BMJ (1980)

However, there are instances where this sequence might be inappropriate; for instance in the development of a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus, where few uninfected subjects may be available above the age of infancy.British Paediatric Association: Standing Ethics Advisory Committee(1) The British Paediatric Association has set up a Standing Ethics Advisory Committee.The function of this Committee will be to offer advice on the ethics of research projects involving children.(2) The Committee will respond to requests for advice from individuals planning research projects, from local ethical Com-mittees, or from editors of journals, but its opinions will not be binding.Approval of research projects must remain the respon- sibility of statutory local ethical committees.(3) The Committee will base its opinions on guidelines drawn up by the British Paediatric Association,
Natural History of Potential Celiac Disease in Children
Authors: Antonella Tosco, Virginia Michela Salvati, Renata Auricchio, Mariantonia Maglio, Melissa Borrelli, Anna Coruzzo, Francesco Paparo, Massimo Boffardi, Antonella Esposito, Grazia D'Adamo, Basilio Malamisura, Luigi Greco, Riccardo Troncone
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Low-Density Lipoproteins Containing Apolipoprotein C-III and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Carlos O. Mendivil, Eric B. Rimm, Jeremy Furtado, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Frank M. Sacks
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that contains apolipoprotein (apo) C-III makes up only 10% to 20% of plasma LDL but has a markedly altered metabolism and proatherogenic effects on vascular cells. Methods and Results— We examined the association between plasma LDL with apoC-III and coronary heart disease in 320 women and 419 men initially free of cardiovascular disease who developed a fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction during 10 to 14 years of follow-up and matched controls who remained free of coronary heart disease. Concentrations of LDL with apoC-III (measured as apoB in this fraction) were associated with risk of coronary heart disease in multivariable analysis that included the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apoB, triglycerides, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other risk factors. In all models, the relative risks for the top versus bottom quintile of LDL with apoC-III were greater than those for LDL without apoC-III. When included in the same multivariable-adjusted model, the risk associated with LDL with apoC-III (relative risk for top versus bottom quintile, 2.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.54–3.68; P for trend &lt;0.001) was significantly greater than that associated with LDL without apoC-III (relative risk for top versus bottom quintile, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–2.05; P for trend=0.97; P for interaction &lt;0.001). This divergence in association with coronary heart disease persisted even after adjustment for plasma triglycerides. Conclusions— The risk of coronary heart disease contributed by LDL appeared to result to a large extent from LDL that contains apoC-III.
Antecedent Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Joseph M. Massaro, Peter W.F. Wilson, Sudha Seshadri, Philip A. Wolf, Daniel Levy, Ralph B. D’Agostino
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Casual blood pressure (BP) is a powerful predictor of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but a single BP determination may not accurately reflect the residual impact of antecedent BP levels on vascular risk. It is unclear whether time-averaged past BP measures incrementally improve CVD risk assessment.We used sex- and age-specific multivariable Cox regression to evaluate the association of current BP (at baseline), recent antecedent BP (average of readings for all available examinations 1 to 10 years before baseline), and remote antecedent BP (average for all available examinations 11 to 20 years before baseline) with the 10-year risk of CVD in 2313 Framingham Study subjects (910 men, 1403 women) free of CVD at baseline. During follow-up, 899 incident initial CVD events were observed (479 in women). In multivariable models incorporating established CVD risk factors, recent and remote antecedent BP predicted CVD risk incrementally over current BP. This effect was consistent in multiple subgroups: men and women, older and younger age groups, and lower and higher BP groups. The relations of antecedent BP to CVD risk were consistent for systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure.Antecedent BP is an important determinant of future risk of CVD events above and beyond current BP. When available, use of long-term average BP may improve the prognostic utility of conventional CVD risk prediction that is based on current BP. Our findings suggest that effective prevention of CVD requires adequate control of BP throughout life.
Tumor Imaging Using a Picomolar Affinity HER2 Binding Affibody Molecule
Authors: Anna Orlova, Mikaela Magnusson, Tove L.J. Eriksson, Martin Nilsson, Barbro Larsson, Ingmarie Höidén-Guthenberg, Charles Widström, Jörgen Carlsson, Vladimir Tolmachev, Stefan Ståhl, Fredrik Y. Nilsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The detection of cell-bound proteins that are produced due to aberrant gene expression in malignant tumors can provide important diagnostic information influencing patient management. The use of small radiolabeled targeting proteins would enable high-contrast radionuclide imaging of cancers expressing such antigens if adequate binding affinity and specificity could be provided. Here, we describe a HER2-specific 6 kDa Affibody molecule (hereinafter denoted Affibody molecule) with 22 pmol/L affinity that can be used for the visualization of HER2 expression in tumors in vivo using gamma camera. A library for affinity maturation was constructed by re-randomization of relevant positions identified after the alignment of first-generation variants of nanomolar affinity (50 nmol/L). One selected Affibody molecule, ZHER2:342 showed a &amp;gt;2,200-fold increase in affinity achieved through a single-library affinity maturation step. When radioiodinated, the affinity-matured Affibody molecule showed clear, high-contrast visualization of HER2-expressing xenografts in mice as early as 6 hours post-injection. The tumor uptake at 4 hours post-injection was improved 4-fold (due to increased affinity) with 9% of the injected dose per gram of tissue in the tumor. Affibody molecules represent a new class of affinity molecules that can provide small sized, high affinity cancer-specific ligands, which may be well suited for tumor imaging. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4339-48)
IFN-Inducible Protein-10 Has a Differential Role in Podocyte during Thy 1.1 Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Gi Dong Han, Hiroko Koike, Takeshi Nakatsue, Kenji Suzuki, Hiroyuki Yoneyama, Shosaku Narumi, Naoto Kobayashi, Peter Mundel, Fujio Shimizu, Hiroshi Kawachi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10/CXCL10) is a potent chemoattractant for activated T lymphocytes and was recently reported to have several additional biologic activities. In this study, the expression and the function in normal glomeruli and in Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis (GN) were investigated. The expression of IP-10 was detected in normal rat glomeruli mainly in the podocyte. The expression of IP-10 was also detected on the cultured podocyte. The IP-10 expression was elevated at the early phase of Thy1.1 GN. The double staining immunofluorescence study clearly demonstrated that the elevated expression of IP-10 was mostly detected in the podocyte and very partly in mesangial area. A receptor for IP-10, CXCR3, showed similar expression patterns to that of IP-10. Expressions of neither of IP-10 nor of CXCR3 were detected on the inflammatory cells. For elucidating the role of IP-10, the blocking study was carried out with monoclonal anti–IP-10 antibody. The monoclonal anti–IP-10 antibody treatment decreased the expression of IP-10 and podocyte-associated proteins such as nephrin and podocin that are reported to be essential for maintaining the podocyte function (IP-10, 53.0% to control; nephrin, 43.5%; podocin, 60.4%). The findings indicated that the anti–IP-10 treatment disturbed the podocyte function. The anti–IP-10 treatment given to the rats with Thy1.1 nephritis exacerbated proteinuria, mesangiolysis, and matrix expansion. Collectively, the findings indicated that IP-10 plays a role in maintaining the podocyte function. Also, the findings suggested that anti–IP-10 treatment exacerbated the glomerular alterations in Thy1.1 GN by disturbing the podocyte function.
The role of B cells in lpr/lpr-induced autoimmunity.
Authors: M J Shlomchik, M P Madaio, D Ni, M Trounstein, D Huszar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The primary roles of T cells and B cells in the initiation of systemic autoimmunity are unclear. To investigate the role of B cells, we crossed the "Jh knockout" mutation onto the autoimmune lpr/lpr background. Animals homozygous for both traits were obtained. As expected, these animals lack B cells. These animals also show no signs of autoimmune kidney destruction nor vasculitis, in spite of carrying the lpr/lpr mutation. In contrast, lpr/lpr littermates that had B cells had severe nephritis and vasculitis, as well as autoantibodies. These results demonstrate a primary role for B cells and/or (auto)antibodies in initiating several types of autoimmune-mediated tissue destruction. The implications of this finding for models and therapy of autoimmunity are discussed.
Clinical investigation of an outbreak of alveolitis and asthma in a car engine manufacturing plant
Authors: W Robertson, A S Robertson, C B S G Burge, V C Moore, M S Jaakkola, P A Dawkins, M Burd, R Rawbone, I Gardner, M Kinoulty, B Crook, G S Evans, J Harris-Roberts, S Rice, P S Burge
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Exposure to metal working fluid (MWF) has been associated with outbreaks of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) in the USA, with bacterial contamination of MWF being a possible cause, but is uncommon in the UK. Twelve workers developed EAA in a car engine manufacturing plant in the UK, presenting clinically between December 2003 and May 2004. This paper reports the subsequent epidemiological investigation of the whole workforce. The study had three aims: (1) to measure the extent of the outbreak by identifying other workers who may have developed EAA or other work-related respiratory diseases; (2) to provide case detection so that those affected could be treated; and (3) to provide epidemiological data to identify the cause of the outbreak.The outbreak was investigated in a three-phase cross-sectional survey of the workforce. In phase I a respiratory screening questionnaire was completed by 808/836 workers (96.7%) in May 2004. In phase II 481 employees with at least one respiratory symptom on screening and 50 asymptomatic controls were invited for investigation at the factory in June 2004. This included a questionnaire, spirometry and clinical opinion. 454/481 (94.4%) responded and 48/50 (96%) controls. Workers were identified who needed further investigation and serial measurements of peak expiratory flow (PEF). In phase III 162 employees were seen at the Birmingham Occupational Lung Disease clinic. 198 employees returned PEF records, including 141 of the 162 who attended for clinical investigation. Case definitions for diagnoses were agreed.87 workers (10.4% of the workforce) met case definitions for occupational lung disease, comprising EAA (n = 19), occupational asthma (n = 74) and humidifier fever (n = 7). 12 workers had more than one diagnosis. The peak onset of work-related breathlessness was Spring 2003. The proportion of workers affected was higher for those using MWF from a large sump (27.3%) than for those working all over the manufacturing area (7.9%) (OR = 4.39, p<0.001). Two workers had positive specific provocation tests to the used but not the unused MWF solution.Extensive investigation of the outbreak of EAA detected a large number of affected workers, not only with EAA but also occupational asthma. This is the largest reported outbreak in Europe. Mist from used MWF is the likely cause. In workplaces using MWF there is a need to carry out risk assessments, to monitor and maintain fluid quality, to control mist and to carry out respiratory health surveillance.
A preliminary study to evaluate the effect of intravenous ribavirin treatment on survival rates in Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Mustafa Aydın Çevik, Nazif Elaldı, Esragül Akıncı, Pınar Öngürü, Ayşe Erbay, Turan Buzgan, Ramazan Uzun, Ayhan Kubar, Hürrem Bodur
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against interleukin 12.
Authors: J P Leonard, K E Waldburger, S J Goldman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that can be transferred to naive mice via CD4+ T cells isolated from appropriately immunized mice. We have evaluated the effects of recombinant murine interleukin 12 (rmIL-12), a potent inducer of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and promoter of Th1 T cell development, on the course of adoptively transferred EAE. The transfer of lymph node cells (LNC) isolated from proteolipid protein (PLP)-primed animals and stimulated in vitro with PLP to naive mice resulted in a progressive paralytic disease culminating in complete hind limb paralysis in the majority of the recipients. When mice were injected with LNC that had been stimulated in vitro with PLP in the presence of rmIL-12, the subsequent course of disease was more severe and prolonged. The addition of rmIL-12 during the in vitro stimulation with PLP resulted in a 10-fold increase in IFN-gamma and a 2-fold increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha in the supernatants, relative to LNC stimulated with PLP alone. However, neutralization of IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha in vitro with specific antibodies did not abrogate the ability of rmIL-12 to exacerbate the subsequent disease. Similarly, mice treated with rmIL-12 in vivo after the transfer of antigen-stimulated LNC developed a more severe and prolonged course of disease compared with vehicle-treated control animals. In contrast, treatment of mice with an antibody to murine IL-12 after cell transfer completely prevented paralysis, with only 40% of the mice developing mild disease. These results demonstrate that in vitro stimulation of antigen primed LNC with PLP and rmIL-12 enhances their subsequent encephalitogenicity. Furthermore, inhibition of endogenous IL-12 in vivo after LNC transfer prevented paralysis, suggesting that endogenous IL-12 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this model of autoimmune disease.
Anorexia Nervosa and Major Depression: Shared Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors
Authors: Tracey D. Wade, Cynthia M. Bulik, Michael Neale, Kenneth S. Kendler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to derive heritability estimates for anorexia nervosa and to explore the etiology of the comorbid relationship between anorexia nervosa and major depression. METHOD: They applied bivariate structural equation modeling to a broad definition of anorexia nervosa and lifetime major depression as assessed in a population-based sample of 2,163 female twins. RESULTS: Anorexia nervosa was estimated to have a heritability of 58% (95% confidence interval=33%–84%). The authors were unable to completely rule out a contribution of shared environment. The comorbidity between anorexia nervosa and major depression is likely due to genetic factors that influence the risk for both disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study was limited by the small number of affected twins, the results suggest that genetic factors significantly influence the risk for anorexia nervosa and substantially contribute to the observed comorbidity between anorexia nervosa and major depression.
Increased frequency of TAP2B in early onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis.
Authors: R P Donn, E J Davies, P L Holt, W Thomson, W Ollier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVES--To determine whether polymorphisms of the TAP genes, which lie within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), are associated with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). METHODS--Eighty five JCA patients and 166 white controls were typed for the TAP gene alleles using ARMS-PCR. The same populations were analysed for DRB1 and DPB1 alleles using PCR-SSO typing. RESULTS--TAP2B was increased in early onset pauciarticular JCA (EOPA-JCA) compared with controls (62% v 44% Odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% CI 0.9-4.7). After allowing for the known linkage disequilibrium between TAP2B and DR1 the association of TAP2B and EOPA-JCA was maintained (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3-9.7). HLA-DRB1*04 and TAP2D were found to be in linkage disequilibrium in both the control (delta 0.018 p &lt; 0.05) and JCA patient groups (delta 0.021 p &lt; 0.05). No linkage disequilibrium was found between the TAP and DPB1 alleles. CONCLUSIONS--The association between TAP2B and EOPA-JCA is a further indication of the heterogeneity which exists in this clinically defined subgroup of patients.
Prolonged Neonatal Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia Associated with Breast Feeding and a Steroid, Pregnane-3 (Alpha), 20 (Beta)-Diol, in Maternal Milk That Inhibits Glucuronide Formation In Vitro*
Authors: Irwin M. Arias, Lawrence M. Gartner, Sam Seifter, Mathilda Furman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

The effect of mothers milk from the mothers of 7 jaundiced children was compared with milk from control mothers and from pregnant and postpartum cows on glucuronyl transferase activity in vitro.  This infant jaundice a syndrome of severe and prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia occurred in association with breast feeding in 7 unrelated full-term infants.  In vitro the breast milk obtained from the mothers of the 7 infants consistently inhibited glucuronyl transferase activity when compared with 99 milk specimens from 71 women whose infants did not have this syndrome.  In vitro isolation of steroid products in the 2 milk pools (i.e. jaundiced infant vs. nonjaundiced) located a steroid pregnane-3(alpha)20(beta)-diol that was consistently present in the mothers milk from the jaundiced infant group but never present in control mothers milk.  In vitro this steroid inhibited competitively glucuronyl transferase activity.  The precursor of the isolated steroid pregnane-3(alpha)20(beta)-diol is unknown as are its mechanisms of action.  The steroid metabolite is unknown in human tissues but is a major progesterone metabolite in guinea pigs and cattle.  The same mothers whose breast milk inhibited glucuronyl transferase in vitro had serum samples tested similarly and the sera was no more inhibitory than that of normal mothers.