tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term survival of COPD patients after first hospital admission with respiratory insufficiency and treatment with non-invasive ventilation in a respiratory ward in Denmark
Authors: Ingrid Louise Titlestad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Implementation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) as an add-on treatment has been used routinely since 2004 at a University Hospital in Denmark, and data on COPD patients admitted to hospitals in Denmark have been monitored the last three years (National Indicator Project on COPD) show 30-day mortality rates of 10 %. No data on long-term survival on COPD patients in Denmark have reported.   Method:  Data from medical journals were retrieved from all patients admitted with respiratory insufficiency (respiratory acidosis and hypercapnea) and known or suspected COPD in exacerbation receiving non-invasive ventilation from January 1 st  2005 until December 31 st  2007. Demographic data collected included age and gender when receiving treatment with NIV for the first time.   Results:  In total 257 patients (147 female/110 male) received NIV for the first time. The median age was in all 72 [25-percentile: 65.2 years and 75-percentile: 79.2 years]. The 30-day mortality rate was 29.3 %. Survival grouped by gender is illustrated in Fig. 1. There was no statistical significant difference between the groups. The total observation time was between 5 and 7 years.   Conclusion:  The mortality rate of patients receiving NIV is as expected high, but the 5 years survival rate was 23.7 % and with a trend of more female than male long-term survivors.
Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Karen Sliwa, Denise Hilfiker‐Kleiner, Mark C. Petrie, Alexandre Mebazaa, Burkert Pieske, Eckhart Buchmann, Vera Regitz‐Zagrosek, Maria Schaufelberger, Luigi Tavazzi, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Hugh Watkins, Ajay J. Shah, Petar M. Seferovic, Uri Elkayam, Sabine Pankuweit, Zoltan Papp, Frederic Mouquet, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Continuous anti-interleukin 10 antibody administration depletes mice of Ly-1 B cells but not conventional B cells.
Authors: H Ishida, R Hastings, J Kearney, M Howard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Ly-1 B cells have the distinctive property of continuous self-replenishment and, as we have shown previously, can be further distinguished from conventional B cells on the basis of greatly elevated constitutive and inducible production of the recently described cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). To test the possibility that IL-10 acts as either an autocrine or paracrine growth factor for Ly-1 B cells, we treated mice continuously from birth to 8 wk of age with a monoclonal rat IgM antibody that specifically neutralizes mouse IL-10. Mice treated in this way lacked peritoneal-resident Ly-1 B cells, contained greatly reduced serum immunoglobulin M levels, and were unable to generate significant in vivo antibody responses to intraperitoneal injections of alpha 1,3-dextran or phosphorylcholine, antigens for which specific B cells reside in the Ly-1 B cell subset. In contrast, conventional splenic B cells of anti-IL-10-treated mice were normal with respect to total numbers, phenotype, and in vitro responsiveness to B cell mitogens and the thymus-dependent antigen trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH). The mechanism of Ly-1 B cell depletion appeared to be related to elevation of endogenous interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in anti-IL-10-treated mice, since coadministration of neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma antibodies substantially restored the number of peritoneal-resident Ly-1 B cells in these mice. These results implicate IL-10 as a regulator of Ly-1 B cell development, and identify a procedure to specifically deplete Ly-1 B cells, thereby allowing further evaluation of the role of these cells in the immune system.
Tribunal service was wrong in findings against orthopaedic registrar, say Appeal Court judges
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Three Court of Appeal judges have comprehensively quashed findings of serious misconduct against a hospital doctor, ruling that a Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service panel was wrong each time it found an allegation proved.

Luise Schodlok, who was an orthopaedic registrar in 2010 at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Woolwich, southeast London, had been found guilty of serious misconduct on four counts: twice behaving rudely and aggressively to an orthopaedic technician, once shouting at him in front of a patient, and once refusing his request for further investigations into a patient with a lower leg cast who complained of calf pain. The panel, who heard 28 witnesses during a 40 day hearing in 2013, decided that her fitness to practise was impaired and imposed conditions on her registration.

Schodlok, who …
UK patient safety is improving
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Patient safety in the NHS has improved, but problems remain in areas such as the under-reporting of deaths and serious incidents caused by errors, the National Audit Office reported last week.

The study, based on surveys of NHS trusts, also found that not enough was being done to share lessons and solutions that had been learnt from previous adverse events. As many as half of the incidents in which NHS patients are unintentionally harmed could be avoided if lessons were properly …
Telomestatin Impairs Glioma Stem Cell Survival and Growth through the Disruption of Telomeric G-Quadruplex and Inhibition of the Proto-oncogene, <i>c-Myb</i>
Authors: Takeshi Miyazaki, Yang Pan, Kaushal Joshi, Deepti Purohit, Bin Hu, Habibe Demir, Sarmistha Mazumder, Sachiko Okabe, Takao Yamori, Mariano Viapiano, Kazuo Shin-ya, Hiroyuki Seimiya, Ichiro Nakano
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Glioma stem cells (GSC) are a critical therapeutic target of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Experimental Design: The effects of a G-quadruplex ligand, telomestatin, were evaluated using patient-derived GSCs, non-stem tumor cells (non-GSC), and normal fetal neural precursors in vitro and in vivo. The molecular targets of telomestatin were determined by immunofluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) and cDNA microarray. The data were then validated by in vitro and in vivo functional assays, as well as by immunohistochemistry against 90 clinical samples. Results: Telomestatin impaired the maintenance of GSC stem cell state by inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The migration potential of GSCs was also impaired by telomestatin treatment. In contrast, both normal neural precursors and non-GSCs were relatively resistant to telomestatin. Treatment of GSC-derived mouse intracranial tumors reduced tumor sizes in vivo without a noticeable cell death in normal brains. iFISH revealed both telomeric and non-telomeric DNA damage by telomestatin in GSCs but not in non-GSCs. cDNA microarray identified a proto-oncogene, c-Myb, as a novel molecular target of telomestatin in GSCs, and pharmacodynamic analysis in telomestatin-treated tumor-bearing mouse brains showed a reduction of c-Myb in tumors in vivo. Knockdown of c-Myb phenocopied telomestatin-treated GSCs both in vitro and in vivo, and restoring c-Myb by overexpression partially rescued the phenotype. Finally, c-Myb expression was markedly elevated in surgical specimens of GBMs compared with normal tissues. Conclusions: These data indicate that telomestatin potently eradicates GSCs through telomere disruption and c-Myb inhibition, and this study suggests a novel GSC-directed therapeutic strategy for GBMs. Clin Cancer Res; 18(5); 1268–80. ©2012 AACR.
Microarray-based resequencing of multiple Bacillus anthracis isolates.
Authors: Michael E Zwick, Farrell Mcafee, David J Cutler, Timothy D Read, Jacques Ravel, Gregory R Bowman, Darrell R Galloway, Alfred Mateczun
Journal: Genome biology (2004)

Abstract We used custom-designed resequencing arrays to generate 3.1 Mb of genomic sequence from a panel of 56 Bacillus anthracis strains. Sequence quality was shown to be very high by replication (discrepancy rate of 7.4 × 10 -7 ) and by comparison to independently generated shotgun sequence (discrepancy rate &lt; 2.5 × 10 -6 ). Population genomics studies of microbial pathogens using rapid resequencing technologies such as resequencing arrays are critical for recognizing newly emerging or genetically engineered strains.
Donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptides are presented by recipient MHC molecules during graft rejection.
Authors: G Benichou, P A Takizawa, C A Olson, M McMillan, E E Sercarz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Peptides from donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules were examined for their activation of allogeneically primed T cells. After immunization with either allogeneic spleen cells or a skin allograft, primed T cells proliferate in response to peptides derived from polymorphic regions of alpha and beta chains of class II allo-MHC molecules. The results demonstrate that presentation of donor-MHC peptides by host-derived antigen-presenting cells is a common event in vivo. Thus, self-restricted T cell recognition of processed alloantigens may play a critical role in transplantation. An in-depth understanding of this response may result in the development of additional molecular therapies to combat allograft rejection.
Cost effectiveness of therapy with combinations of long acting bronchodilators and inhaled steroids for treatment of COPD
Authors: M Najafzadeh, C A Marra, M Sadatsafavi, S D Aaron, S D Sullivan, K L Vandemheen, P W Jones, J M Fitzgerald
Journal: Thorax (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> Little is known about the combination of different medications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study determined the cost effectiveness of adding salmeterol (S) or fluticasone/salmeterol (FS) to tiotropium (T) for COPD. <h3>Methods:</h3> This concurrent, prospective, economic analysis was based on costs and health outcomes from a 52 week randomised study comparing: (1) T 18 µg once daily + placebo twice daily (TP group); (2) T 18 µg once daily + S 25 µg/puff, 2 puffs twice daily (TS group); and (3) T 18 µg once daily + FS 250/25 µg/puff, 2 puffs twice daily (TFS group). The incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were defined as incremental cost per exacerbation avoided, and per additional quality adjusted life year (QALY) between treatments. A combination of imputation and bootstrapping was used to quantify uncertainty, and extensive sensitivity analyses were performed. <h3>Results:</h3> The average patient in the TP group generated CAN$2678 in direct medical costs compared with $2801 (TS group) and $4042 (TFS group). The TS strategy was dominated by TP and TFS. Compared with TP, the TFS strategy resulted in ICERs of $6510 per exacerbation avoided, and $243 180 per QALY gained. In those with severe COPD, TS resulted in equal exacerbation rates and slightly lower costs compared with TP. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> TFS had significantly better quality of life and fewer hospitalisations than patients treated with TP but these improvements in health outcomes were associated with increased costs. Neither TFS nor TS are economically attractive alternatives compared with monotherapy with T.
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Older Women
Authors: Joline W.J. Beulens, Ronald P. Stolk, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Diederick E. Grobbee, Henk F.J. Hendriks, Michiel L. Bots
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—This study aimed to investigate the relation between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes among older women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Between 1993 and 1997, 16,330 women aged 49–70 years and free from diabetes were enrolled in one of the Dutch Prospect-EPIC (European Prospective Study Into Cancer and Nutrition) cohorts and followed for 6.2 years (range 0.1–10.1). At enrollment, women filled in questionnaires and blood samples were collected. RESULTS—During follow-up, 760 cases of type 2 diabetes were documented. A linear inverse association (P = 0.007) between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes risk was observed, adjusting for potential confounders. Compared with abstainers, the hazard ratio for type 2 diabetes was 0.86 (95% CI 0.66–1.12) for women consuming 5–30 g alcohol per week, 0.66 (0.48–0.91) for 30–70 g per week, 0.91 (0.67–1.24) for 70–140 g per week, 0.64 (0.44–0.93) for 140–210 g per week, and 0.69 (0.47–1.02) for &amp;gt;210 g alcohol per week. Beverage type did not influence this association. Lifetime alcohol consumption was associated with type 2 diabetes in a U-shaped fashion. CONCLUSIONS—Our findings support the evidence of a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes with moderate alcohol consumption and expand this to a population of older women.
Restoration of Cardiac Progenitor Cells After Myocardial Infarction by Self-Proliferation and Selective Homing of Bone Marrow–Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Frédéric Mouquet, Otmar Pfister, Mohit Jain, Angelos Oikonomopoulos, Soeun Ngoy, Ross Summer, Alan Fine, Ronglih Liao
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Tissue-specific progenitor cells contribute to local cellular regeneration and maintain organ function. Recently, we have determined that cardiac side-population (CSP) cells represent a distinct cardiac progenitor cell population, capable of in vitro differentiation into functional cardiomyocytes. The response of endogenous CSP to myocardial injury, however, and the cellular mechanisms that maintain this cardiac progenitor cell pool in vivo remain unknown. In this report we demonstrate that local progenitor cell proliferation maintains CSP under physiologic conditions, with little contribution from extracardiac stem cell sources. Following myocardial infarction in adult mice, however, CSP cells are acutely depleted, both within the infarct and noninfarct areas. CSP pools are subsequently reconstituted to baseline levels within 7 days after myocardial infarction, through both proliferation of resident CSP cells, as well as through homing of bone marrow–derived stem cells (BMC) to specific areas of myocardial injury and immunophenotypic conversion of BMC to adopt a CSP phenotype. We, therefore, conclude that following myocardial injury, cardiac progenitor cell populations are acutely depleted and are reconstituted to normal levels by both self-proliferation and selective homing of BMC. Understanding and enhancing such processes hold enormous potential for therapeutic myocardial regeneration.
AN EVALUATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE THERAPY
Authors: ALBERT A. LAVERNE, MORRIS HERMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

1. One hundred and thirty-three patients were treated experimentally with carbon dioxide therapy. The Meduna and rapid coma techniques were used exclusively. Twenty per cent of the patients received simultaneous psychotherapy. 2. Prior to carbon dioxide therapy, one-third of all the patients had received psychiatric treatment unsuccessfully. 3. The clinical results of rapid coma techniques were superior to those achieved by the Meduna technique; using the Meduna technique, 22% of a neurotic group improved clinically, whereas, 50% improvement in a comparable group was achieved with rapid coma techniques. Forty-seven per cent of a group of 15 obsessive compulsive neuroses improved clinically when treated with rapid coma technique. Of a group of 24 schizophrenics, 33% improved clinically with rapid coma therapy. There appeared to be no significant influence on the over-all results whether the patient had previous or concurrent psychotherapy in relation to carbon dioxide therapy. 4. Carbon dioxide therapy with the Meduna technique was ineffective in treatment of a group of 5 cerebral palsy and 2 dystonia musculorum deformans patients. One cerebral palsy patient was treated unsuccessfully with rapid coma. 5. The diagnosis of treatment anxiety and its management is essential to the armamentarium of the carbon dioxide therapist.
Influence of maternal nutrition on outcome of pregnancy: prospective cohort study
Authors: F. Mathews, P. Yudkin, A. Neil
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the relations of maternal diet and smoking during pregnancy to placental and birth weights at term. <b>Design:</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> District general hospital in the south of England. <b>Participants:</b> 693 pregnant nulliparous white women with singleton pregnancies who were selected from antenatal booking clinics with stratified random sampling. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Birth and placental weights at term. <b>Results:</b> Placental and birth weights were unrelated to the intake of any macronutrient. Early in pregnancy, vitamin C was the only micronutrient independently associated with birth weight after adjustment for maternal height and smoking. Each ln mg increase in vitamin C was associated with a 50.8 g (95% confidence interval 4.6 g to 97.0 g) increase in birth weight. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate were each associated with placental weight after adjustment for maternal characteristics. In simultaneous regression, however, vitamin C was the only nutrient predictive of placental weight: each ln mg increase in vitamin C was associated with a 3.2% (0.4 to 6.1) rise in placental weight. No nutrient late in pregnancy was associated with either placental or birth weight. <b>Conclusions:</b> Concern over the impact of maternal nutrition on the health of the infant has been premature Maternal nutrition, at least in industrialised populations, seems to have only a small effect on placental and birth weights. Other possible determinants of fetal and placental growth should be investigated. <h3>Key messages</h3> Placental and infant birth weights were not associated with the intake of any macronutrient early or later in pregnancy After adjustment for the effects of maternal height and smoking, only vitamin C independently predicted birth weight. The expected mean difference in birth weight for infants with mothers in the upper and lower thirds of intake was about 70 g Vitamin C was the only nutrient that independently predicted placental weight, but again this relation was of doubtful clinical significance Among relatively well nourished women in industrialised countries, maternal nutrition seems to have only a marginal impact on infant and placental size. Other causes of variation in the size of clinically normal infants should now be investigated
Some Factors in the Psychiatric Treatment of Spanish-Americans
Authors: LAWRENCE Y. KLINE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

The Spanish-American's perception of the "Anglo" as cold, exploitive, and insincere leads both to underutilization of available psychiatric services among this group and to special problems in the treatment of those who do seek help. The author presents several case illustrations of these obstacles to therapy and suggests ways in which the negative attitudes of the Spanish-American community about "Anglo" psychiatry can be overcome.
Mortality Associated With Aprotinin During 5 Years Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Dennis T Mangano, Yinghui Miao, Alain Vuylsteke, Iulia C Tudor, Rajiv Juneja, Daniela Filipescu, Andreas Hoeft, Manuel L Fontes, Zak Hillel, Elisabeth Ott, Tatiana Titov, Cynthia Dietzel, Jack Levin
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ContextAcute safety concerns have been raised recently regarding certain hemorrhage-sparing medications commonly used in cardiac surgery. However, no comprehensive data exist regarding their associations with long-term mortality.ObjectiveTo contrast long-term all-cause mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery according to use of 2 lysine analog antifibrinolytics (aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid), the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin, or no antibleeding agent.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsObservational study of mortality conducted between November 11, 1996, and December 7, 2006. Following index hospitalization (4374 patients; 69 medical centers), survival was prospectively assessed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and annually for 5 years after CABG surgery among 3876 patients enrolled in a 62-center international cohort study. The associations of survival with hemorrhage-sparing medications were compared using multivariable analyses including propensity adjustments.Main Outcome MeasureDeath (all-cause) over 5 years.ResultsAprotinin treatment (223 deaths among 1072 patients [20.8% 5-year mortality]) was associated with significantly increased mortality compared with control (128 deaths among 1009 patients [12.7%]; covariate adjusted hazard ratio for death, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.85), whereas neither aminocaproic acid (132 deaths among 834 patients [15.8%]; adjusted hazard ratio for death, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.33) nor tranexamic acid (65 deaths among 442 patients [14.7%]; adjusted hazard ratio for death, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.45) was associated with increased mortality. In multivariable logistic regression, either with propensity adjustment or without, aprotinin was independently predictive of 5-year mortality (adjusted odds ratio with propensity adjustment, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.93; P = .005) among patients with diverse risk profiles, as well as among those surviving their index hospitalization. Neither aminocaproic nor tranexamic acid was associated with increased risk of death.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that in addition to the previously reported acute renal and vascular safety concerns, aprotinin use is associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality following CABG surgery. Use of aprotinin among patients undergoing CABG surgery does not appear prudent because safer and less expensive alternatives (ie, aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid) are available.