tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Symptoms, subtype, and suicidality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: W S Fenton, T H McGlashan, B J Victor, C R Blyler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Suicide is the single largest cause of premature death among individuals with schizophrenia. This report examines the relationship between positive or negative symptoms, illness subtype, and suicidal behavior among patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in a long-term follow-up cohort.Based on index admission records, patients from the Chestnut Lodge Follow-Up Study with schizophrenia (N = 187), schizoaffective disorder (N = 87), schizophreniform disorder (N = 15), and schizotypal personality disorder (N = 33) were retrospectively assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, classical subtype criteria, and criteria for the deficit syndrome. Completed suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation during the follow-up period (average = 19 years) were ascertained by means of interviews with patients and/or surviving relatives.Over the follow-up period, 40% of the patients reported suicidal ideation, 23% reported suicide attempts, and 6.4% died from suicide. Patients dead from suicide had significantly lower negative symptom severity at index admission than patients without suicidal behaviors. Two positive symptoms (suspiciousness and delusions), however, were more severe among successful suicides. The paranoid schizophrenia subtype was associated with an elevated risk (12%) and the deficit subtype was associated with a reduced risk (1.5%) of suicide.The impact of positive and negative symptoms on suicide risk has not been reported. These findings suggest that prominent negative symptoms, such as diminished drive, blunted affect, and social and emotional withdrawal, counter the emergence of suicidality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and that the deficit syndrome defines a group at relatively low risk for suicide. Prominent suspiciousness in the absence of negative symptoms defines a relatively high-risk group.
Preoperative radiation and daily oral uft in combination with leucovorin (LV) in locally advanced rectal (LARC) cancer
Authors: E. Gamelin, P. Cellier, B. Leduc, L. Martin, J. Jacob, V. Vendrely, C. Chevel, A. Salemkour, C. Carrie, G. Calais
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3676 Background: The aim of this multicentric study is to evaluate the toxicity and effectiveness of the addition of daily UFT - LV and preoperative pelvic radiation for uT3 N0 -N1 LARC defined by transrectal ultrasound(T.R.U.). Methods: Pretreatment staging included rigid rectoscopy with biopsy, T.R.U., pelvic CT scan. 300 mg/m2 UFT were given 5 days a week for 5 weeks + LV 75 mg/day, with pelvic radiotherapy (45Gy in 25 fractions of 1.8Gy per fraction) delivered using a 4 field technique and megavoltage photons. Pretreament detection of 5-FU catabolic deficiency was performed with plasma uracil measurement and 8 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) mutations detection. Quality of life (QOL) was evaluated according to QLQ-C30. Surgery was performed 4–6 weeks later, just after uTNM evaluation. Since 07–2002 to 09–2003, 85 pts with LARC were accrued. Partial results are now available, with 29 patients fully evaluable for tolerance and efficacy. Results: Patients characteristics: 29 males/females: 19/10; median age 64) in clinical and uTNM III : N0 11, N1 18; lower rectum : 9, medium rectum : 20. Results: at least 14 patients achieved major uTNM downstaging, but 6 patients were not evaluable due to persistant inflammatory effects; 7 pts (25%) had complete pathological responses. Compliance to chemotherapy was excellent.Toxicity: all the pts but 1 completed RT as planned while 4 did not receive all the planned chemotherapy because of grade III-IV diarrhoea. 5 pts had 4 grade 3 and 1 grade 4 diarrhoea according to NCI-CTC): pretreament uracil plasma levels = 20 μg/l in 4 patients and 1 heterozygous DPYD 2A mutated patient. Conclusion: Our partial results suggest that daily UFT-LV - RT combination is safe and feasible with interesting 7/29 pathological complete responses. For patients N- at pathologic exam, no adjuvant chemotherapy and no implantable disc device had to be set, part of an improved Q.O.L. Detection of DPD deficiency appears necessary. Final results will be presented at ASCO meeting. A randomised study is planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Intermittent adjuvant chemotherapy as an alternative to improve survival in breast cancer patients with ten or more positive lymph nodes
Authors: F. U. Lara medina, T. Ramirez-Ugalde, D. Flores-Estrada, A. Alvarado-Miranda, N. Castaneda soto, F. Morales-Vazquez, I. Zeichner-Gancz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

906 Background: Breast cancer in patients with ten or more positive lymph nodes, constitutes a big problem concerning adjuvant treatment. Till now many modalities have been utilized to manage this patients, without good results and very high costs. The objective of our study was to explore if a reinduction chemotherapy might provide longer survival for this group of patients. Methods: Pilot prospective study including patients that remained disease free, with ten and more positive axillary lymph nodes, after two years of finishing adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. They received one cycle of chemotherapy every two years approximately. Since a prolonged survival was observed, they were compared with historical controls receiving the same neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant treatment, matching the cases in age, stage and positive lymph nodes, alive and disease free at 30 months. Statistical analysis was performed with ttest and X2 for group similarity. Kaplan Meier method was used to analyse survival and logrank test for differences between both groups. Results: A group of 35 patients were included in the reinduction chemotherapy, group 1 and 72 controls group 2. Mean age was of 48.1 and 47.9 for groups 1 and 2 respectively (p=0.46), 69 and 73% of both groups were in clinical stage 2 and 3, (p=0.33). Adjuvant chemotherapy regimens were mainly CAF and CFM in both groups. In group 1, seven patients received adjuvant concomitant chemo-radiotherapy vs. only one in group 2 with no survival modification (p=0.62). Patients in group 1 received from one to four reinduction cycles with a wide variety of schemes (including anthtracyclines and taxanes). Mean survival was not reached at 189 months with 87% alive disease free in group 1 and 51% at 133 months for group 2 (p=0.02) Conclusions: Highly important improvement in survival in the group of patients receiving biannual reinduction chemotherapy was observed, regardless of the variation in the treatment regime. If prospective randomized studies verify this important benefit, we propose it as a standard treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Endoscopic vacuum therapy in Boerhaave’s syndrome with open-pore polyurethane foam and a new open-pore film drainage
Authors: Gunnar Loske, Tobias Schorsch, Vera van Ackeren, Wolfgang Schulze, Christian Müller
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

The two main goals of treatment for esophageal leakages are closure of the defect and drainage of the septic focus. A few cases of successful endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) for Boerhaave's syndrome have been reported in studies of EVT in esophageal anastomotic leakages and perforations [1] [2] [3] [4].
Reproducible Metastatic Growth of K-562 Human Myelogenous Leukemia Cells in Nude Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B B Lozzio, E A Machado, S V Lair, C B Lozzio
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

A reproducible metastatic growth of K-562 human myelogenous leukemia cells occurred in immunodeficient athymic (nude) mice. Although previous studies have shown that K-562 cells grow as local subcutaneous myelosarcomas which continuously release leukemia cells into the systemic circulation in adult mice, metastases were not observed. However, the subcutaneous "priming" of newborn nude mice resulted in the metastatic proliferation of leukemia cells in the lungs, kidneys, brain, and lymph nodes. Three sc injections of 5 X 10(6) K-562 cells on days 1, 7, and 14 of life produced metastases in 51% of the mice. When the initial series of injections was followed by iv injections on days 35 and 42, the incidence of metastases increased to 67%. Karyotypes demonstrated that the tumor cells retained the same human chromosome markers as those in the human patient and tissue culture. These procedures may provide a model for study of the mechanisms of metastases and for chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic trials against metastases of neoplasms of human origin.
Effect of injuries worldwide has fallen by almost a third since 1990
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

An intracerebral challenge of HPB black mice with Neisseria gonorrhoeae is described. In this mode, the mice died from 1 to 6 days after challenge, and T1 organisms were obtained up to the fifth day from brain, liver, kidney, and spleen. Experimental gonococcal vaccines gave good protection against the challenge.
Phase I trial of bortezomib and celecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: S. Dunder, U. B. Chaudhary, M. Green, M. Meyer, F. Brescia, A. Kraft, A. Montero, S. Salzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

13051 Background: The ubiquitin-proteosome pathway plays an important role in cell cycle regulation, neoplastic growth, and metastasis. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) is a key transcription factor in cancer, primarily regulated by proteosome-mediated degradation of the inhibitor protein I kappa B alpha-associated protein kinase (IkBa). Interruption of this degradative pathway, with the 26S proteosome inhibitor bortezomib, has displayed significant clinical anti-tumor activity, in multiple myeloma and lymphomas. The role of bortezomib in the treatment of advanced solid tumors, however, is unclear at present. Preclinical work in multiple myeloma cell lines has demonstrated synergy in cytotoxicity and growth inhibiton with the combination of bortezomib and the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors. We therefore hypothesized that the combination of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib and bortezomib is a potentially active combination in the treatment of advanced solid tumors. Towards this aim, we are conducting a phase I study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity profile of bortezomib and celecoxib. Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors and an ECOG PS of 0–2 received escalating doses of bortezomib (1.0–1.6 mg/m 2 ), either weekly for 5 of 6 weeks or twice weekly for 2 of 3 weeks, and celecoxib (200–400 mg twice daily). Accrual was planned to a maximum of 6 cohorts, each with a minimum of 3 patients. Only those dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) occurring during the first cycle were used to define the MTD. DLTs included any grade 4 hematologic toxicity related to therapy, or any grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicity. Results: To date, 10 patients (median age of 63y) have been treated. Represented tumor types include stage IV: colorectal, pancreatic, bladder, leiomyosarcoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular, and renal cell. A median number of 2 cycles were administered. Thus far, no DLTs have been observed. No cumulative toxicities have been noted. No objective tumor response has been observed, however, stable disease was maintained in one heavily pre-treated patient with metastatic papillary renal cell cancer for 5 months. Conclusions: The combination of bortezomib and celecoxib is safe and well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities thus far. [Table: see text]
Benefits from clinicians and healthcare organisations engaging in research
Authors: Stephen Hanney, Bryony Soper, Teresa Jones, Annette Boaz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

NIHR) clinical research networks that are made in Gulland's article. 1 2 We welcome this support for research networks and for the part they can play in a more fully integrated research and healthcare system.Research engagement by clinicians and healthcare organisations is widely held to improve health services performance.However, we found the issue to be complex in our review conducted for the NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research (HS&DR) Programme in 2012-13. 3Thirty three papers were included in the analysis, and 28 were positive about improved performance, although only seven identified improved outcomes rather than improved processes.Diverse mechanisms contributed to these improvements.In a subsequent article we consider more recent evidence, 4 including that UK NHS trusts active in research have lower risk adjusted mortality for acute admissions. 5creased attention to this issue covers not only clinician participation but also organisational developments in the NIHR and NHS, such as Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) and Academic Health Science Networks (AHSNs). 6 7These seek to promote better integration of research and healthcare systems by strengthening research networks, developing research capacity, and ensuring that healthcare organisations (both providers and commissioners) see research as an integral component of their overall structure.Such initiatives need to be linked to further empirical analysis that considers not only the research engagement of all relevant actors but also the organisational determinants of the impact on practice of such engagement.
Ultrastructure of Morris Renal Tumors2
Authors: Z. Hruban, Y. Mochizuki, H. P. Morris, A. Slesers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

The transplantable Morris kidney tumors MK1, MK2, and MK3 were adenocarcinomas probably derived from proximal renal tubules of the rat. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells resembled cells of pars recta of the proximal renal tubule. The neoplastic cells were polarized. Canalicular surfaces were covered by a modified brush border consisting of microvilli. Accumulations of basement membrane-like material were found in MK2 and MK3. Minor differences were seen in the structure and quantities of cellular organelles in individual tumors. Microbodies with central densities were found in all tumors. Catalase and D-amino-acid oxidase were active, though less active than in renal cortices from control rats.
TMIC-01TUMOR TARGETED QUANTUM DOTS TO IDENTIFY GLIOMA INITIATING CELLS AND EXOSOMES
Authors: Achutha Madhankumar, Oliver Mrowczynski, Suhag Patel, Elias Rizk, Cody Weston, Michael Glantz, Lichong Xu, Christopher Siedlecki, James Connor
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT TMIC-01. TUMOR TARGETED QUANTUM DOTS TO IDENTIFY GLIOMA INITIATING CELLS AND EXOSOMES Achutha Madhankumar, Oliver Mrowczynski, Suhag Patel, Elias Rizk, Cody Weston, Michael Glantz, Lichong Xu, Christopher Siedlecki, and James Connor; Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA GBM and certain brain metastatic cancers possess invasiveness and high infiltrating potential making them harder to detect at the earlier stage of the disease progression. Identification of cancer stem cells and exosomes secreted by them in the biofluids like CSF will be an ideal way to determine the presence of residual cancer after therapy. We utilize ligand conjugated quantum dots (QD) to specifically label the cancer stem cells and exosomes to identify the presence of certain invasive markers. Human glioma initiating cells were cultured in adherent form and were exposed to interleukin-13 conjugated quantum dots (IL13QD), which binds the glioma initiating cells expressing IL13Ra2 receptor and also the exosomes secreted by the glioma stem cells. Exosomes that were isolated from glioma stem cells and patients CSF were demonstrated to express IL13Ra2 receptor. Fluorescent microscopy, electron microscopy and flow cytometry were performed on the exosomes after complexing with nano quantum dots (QD). IL13QD was demonstrated to specifically bind glioma stem cells both in the monolayer and spheroid culture. The binding affinity of the exosomes to the quantum dots were also confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The morphology and size of exosomes were confirmed by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering method. The density plot from the flow cytometer experiments with IL13QD-exosomes complex indicates a possibility to identify the tumor associated exosomes. Our experiment infers that in ex vivo, tumor targeted quantum dots can bind with tumor initiating glioma stem cells and extracellular vesicles (exosomes) that are secreted by cancer cells. There is a future possibility to differentiate the metastatic tumor associated exosomes from the non-metastatic exosomes based on their QD binding profile Neuro-Oncology 17:v221–v225, 2015. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nov236.1 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology 2015.
Role of mycobacterium W as an adjuvant treatment of head &amp; neck cancer–A randomised trial
Authors: S. K. Sarkar, C. Dasgupta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5588 Background: In India,Head & Neck cancer is the commonest malignancy in males.In advanced stage,acute toxicites related to treatment(by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) give rise to severe compliance problems.In an effort to reduce treatment-induced toxicity with resultant improvement in quality of life, we used an active non-specific immunomodulator Mycobacterium W,which stimulates the immune system without targetting specific tumour associated antigens. Methods: 30 patients with histologically proved squamous cell carcinoma of Head & Neck & NO prior exposure to radiotherapy/chemotherapy/immunotherapy with good performance status(<2 in ECOG scale) irrespective of stage & normal CBC/LFT/KFT were included in the study.Mandatory informed consent was taken from each patient. 0.1 ml of Mycobacterium W was given intra-cutaneously weekly during radiotherapy(6000–6600 cGy/6–6½ weeks) along with Cisplatin 30 mg/m2 weekly for 6 weeks. Intra-cutaneous injection of Mycobacterium W was continued every 2 weeks for another 3 months after completion of radiation schedule. 30 evenly matched Head & Neck cancer patients were included in the control arm and treated by the same schedule but without any adjuvant immunomodulator. All the patients were examined in detail at monthly intervals. Results: No grade III skin or hematological toxicity was observed in the study arm & all 30 patients in the study arm completed the treatment protocol without interruption,whereas,12 out of 30 patients in the control arm developed grade III skin/mucous membrane/hematological toxicities leading to interruption of treatment schedule & much prolonged treatment time. As regards disease response,there is no statistically significant difference between the 2 treatment arms.Quality of life as measured by Karnofsky Performance Status is SIGNIFICANTLY better in the study arm. Conclusions: In a developing country like India,Mycobacterium W is an economically viable & well tolerated immunomodulator for Head & Neck Cancer patients, producing significant reduction in treatment related acute toxicities & leading to enhanced radiation tolerance.Moreover performance statues and quality of life are significantly improved. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Serrated polyposis syndrome: risk stratification or reduction?
Authors: C Hassan, A Repici, D K Rex
Journal: Gut (2016)

Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS; formerly ‘hyperplastic polyposis syndrome’) has emerged as by far the most common colorectal polyp syndrome.1 ,2 SPS is characterised by some combination of large and/or numerous serrated class lesions and is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).3 A genetic basis for SPS has not yet been discovered, and many cases do not have a family history of SPS or even CRC. Thus, any current definition of SPS must be clinical and based on colonoscopic findings and the pathology of polyps removed during colonoscopy. Most clinicians accept the WHO criteria for diagnosis of SPS as reasonable working criteria for clinical studies as well as clinical practice. The WHO proposes three criteria, and satisfaction of any of the three criteria is sufficient to diagnose SPS (box 1). It is critical that clinicians understand that ‘serrated class’ lesions can include hyperplastic polyps (HPs) or sessile serrated polyps (SSPs; also known as sessile serrated adenoma) or even the relatively rare ‘traditional serrated adenoma’ when counting lesions to determine whether the WHO criteria have been met in a patient. Criteria 1 and 3 (box 1) constitute the two phenotypes of SPS that are most relevant to the discussion of colonoscopic control and prevention of CRC in patients with SPS. The first job of every colonoscopist with regard to SPS is to know the current criteria for SPS and apply them during colonoscopy so that the diagnosis of SPS is made and appropriate management started. Box 1 
### WHO criteria for diagnosis of serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS)*

▸ Criterion 1: at least 5 serrated serrated class polyps proximal to the sigmoid of which at least two are >1 cm in size.

▸ Criterion 2: any serrated class polyp proximal to the sigmoid in a first degree relative with SPS.

▸ Criterion …
SP0251 Implementing Non Pharmacological Guidelines in Clinical Practice: Barriers and Facilitators in the Mosaics Study
Authors: K. Dziedzic
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

In the UK osteoarthritis (OA) is primarily managed in primary care and there is evidence that older adults with OA are more likely to receive pharmacological treatments than non-pharmacological treatments for their joint pain. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and EULAR recommend that core non-pharmacological treatments such as written information and advice on exercises and physical activity should be offered to all people with symptomatic OA. This represents quality care for people with OA. However, general practitioners and practice nurses have difficulties in integrating evidence based practice for OA in their consultations and core approaches are underutilized. Over the past six years the Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University has been undertaking an NIHR funded study, Managing Osteoarthritis in Consultations (MOSAICS). A number of barriers were identified such as: lack of time, resources and expertise; believing that OA is an inevitable part of aging; and uncertainty about giving core interventions. Using a complex intervention (a model OA consultation) developed for the MOSAICS study, with patient information (OA guidebook), training and practice nurse clinics we overcame a number of barriers.This presentation will describe the barriers and facilitators in the MOSAICS study and will also map them to findings from a recent systematic review addressing the evidence to practice gap for complex interventions in primary care (2). <h3>References</h3> Dziedzic KS, Healey EL, Porcheret M, et al. Implementing the NICE osteoarthritis guidelines: a mixed methods study and cluster randomised trial of a model osteoarthritis consultation in primary care - the Management of Osteoarthritis In Consultations (MOSAICS) study protocol. Implement Sci. 2014 Aug 27;9(1):95. Lau R, Stevenson F, Ong BN, et al. Addressing the evidence to practice gap for complex interventions in primary care: a systematic review of reviews protocol. BMJ Open. 2014 Jun 23;4(6):e005548. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> K. Dziedzic Grant/research support from: National Institute of Health Research