tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Timing of Complications in Percutaneous Renal Biopsy
Authors: William L. Whittier, Stephen M. Korbet
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is a safe and effective tool in the diagnosis and management of renal disease; however, the optimal timing of observation after biopsy is not clearly established. With the use of real-time ultrasound guidance, PRB of native kidneys was performed in 750 adult patients at an academic institution by an attending nephrologist or fellow between June 1983 and June 2002. All patients were observed for 23 to 24 h after biopsy for the presence, severity, and timing of complications. Biopsy-related complications occurred in 98 (13%) patients; minor complications occurred in 50 (6.6%) patients, and major complications occurred in 48 (6.4%) patients. One (0.1%) patient died as a result of the biopsy. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression found only serum creatinine at baseline predictive of a complication. Patients with a serum creatinine > or = 5.0 mg/dl were 2.3 times as likely to have a complication (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 4.1; P < 0.005). Complications were identified in 38 (42%) patients by < or = 4 h, in 61 (67%) patients by < or = 8 h, in 77 (85%) patients by < or = 12 h, and in 81 (89%) patients at < or = 24 h. The PRB remains a safe procedure, but the risk of complication is higher in patients with advanced renal insufficiency. After biopsy, an observation time of up to 24 h remains optimal as an observation period of < or = 8 h risks missing > or = 33% of complications.
Abstract 10446: Accelerated Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Hyporesponders to Statin Therapy
Authors: Yu Kataoka, Julie Thornton, Kathy Wolski, Kiyoko Uno, Rishi Puri, E.Murat Tuzcu, Steven E Nissen, Stephen J Nicholls
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Lowering LDL-C with statins has been demonstrated to slow plaque progression and reduce cardiovascular events. The impact in patients with minimal LDL-C lowering has not been investigat...
Adolescent butterfly swimmer with bilateral subluxing sternoclavicular joints
Authors: P S Echlin, J E Michaelson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Sternoclavicular joint subluxation/dislocation injuries in the athlete are uncommon. They can be organised by degree (subluxation, dislocation), timing (acute, chronic, recurrent, congenital), direction (anterior, posterior), and cause (traumatic, atraumatic). The unusual case reported is an adolescent butterfly swimmer with recurrent bilateral sternoclavicular subluxation associated with pain and discomfort. The condition was treated and resolved with conservative management. The diagnosis, investigations, and treatment options are discussed.
High Response Rates and Lasting Remissions After Low-Dose Involved Field Radiotherapy in Indolent Lymphomas
Authors: R.L.M. Haas, Ph. Poortmans, D. de Jong, B.M.P. Aleman, L.G.H. Dewit, M. Verheij, A.A.M. Hart, M.H.J. van Oers, M. van der Hulst, J.W. Baars, H. Bartelink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To study the response rates and duration of response after low-dose (4 Gy) involved field radiotherapy (LD-IF-RT) in patients with recurrent indolent lymphoma. Patients and Methods: A total of 109 assessable patients (304 symptomatic sites) were irradiated (53 males and 56 females; median age, 62 years; range, 35 to 93), including 98 patients with follicular lymphoma (43 grade 1 and 55 grade 2), nine extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type and two patients with lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma. Bulky disease (≥5 cm) was present in 52% of all patients. A median of two prior regimens (range, 0 to 11) preceded LD-IF-RT. The median time since diagnosis was 41 months (range, 2 to 358 months). Time to (local) progression was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in response rates between treatments within the same patient were compared using the McNemar test. Results: The overall response rate was 92%; complete response was reached in 67 patients (61%), partial response in 34 patients (31%), stable disease in six patients (6%), and progressive disease in two patients (2%). The median time to progression was 14 months. The median time to local progression was 25 months. The 67 patients with complete response showed a median time to progression of 25 months and a median time to local progression of 42 months. None of the factors studied (age, sex, follicular lymphoma grade, radiotherapy regimen, number of previous regimens and previous history, number of positive sites or largest lymphoma diameter) were found to be related to response rate. Conclusion: LD-IF-RT is a valuable asset in the management of patients with follicular lymphoma and should be considered in patients with recurrent disease.
Phase II Study of Dasatinib in Philadelphia Chromosome–Negative Acute and Chronic Myeloid Diseases, Including Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Srdan Verstovsek, Ayalew Tefferi, Jorge Cortes, Susan O'Brien, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Animesh Pardanani, Cem Akin, Stefan Faderl, Taghi Manshouri, Deborah Thomas, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Molecular characterization of Philadelphia chromosome–negative (Ph−) chronic myeloproliferative disorders, such as systemic mastocytosis (SM), has provided a clear rationale for investigating novel targeted therapies. The tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor dasatinib is 325-fold more potent against Bcr-Abl TK than imatinib in vitro, significantly inhibiting wild-type KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β TKs, and is active against cells carrying the mutant KIT-D816V gene. Experimental Design: In this phase 2, open-label study, the efficacy of dasatinib (140 mg/d) was investigated in 67 patients with various Ph− myeloid disorders, including SM (n = 33; 28 KIT-D816V positive). Results: The overall response rate to dasatinib in patients with SM was 33%. Only two patients, one with SM-myelofibrosis and one with SM-chronic eosinophilic leukemia, achieved complete response (elimination of mastocytosis) lasting for 5 and 16 months, respectively. Both patients were negative for KIT-D816V mutation, had low tryptase levels, abnormal WBC counts, and anemia, and had failed prior therapy with erythropoietin. Additional nine SM patients had symptomatic response, lasting 3 to 18+ months. Complete responses were achieved in two other patients (acute myeloid leukemia and hypereosinophilic syndrome). No responses were observed among patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and primary myelofibrosis. The majority of adverse events were grade 1/2. Conclusion: These data show that dasatinib therapy may benefit a selected group of SM patients, primarily by improving their symptoms, but it does not eliminate the disease in the patients with KIT-D816V mutation.
The effect of modafinil on fatigue, cognitive functioning, and mood in primary brain tumor patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: F. W. Boele, L. Douw, M. de Groot, H. F. van Thuijl, W. Cleijne, J. J. Heimans, M. J. B. Taphoorn, J. C. Reijneveld, M. Klein
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Fatigue, cognitive deficits, and depression are frequently reported but often undertreated symptoms that can profoundly affect daily life in patients with primary brain tumors (PBTs). To evaluate the effects of the psychostimulant modafinil on fatigue, depression, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and cognitive functioning in PBT patients, we performed a multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial.Patients randomly received either 6 weeks of treatment with modafinil (up to 400 mg/day) or 6 weeks with placebo. After a 1-week washout period, the opposite treatment was provided. Assessments took place at baseline and immediately after the first and second condition. Patients completed self-report questionnaires on fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength [CIS]), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), HRQOL (Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]), and self-perceived cognitive functioning (Medical Outcomes Study [MOS]). They also underwent comprehensive neurocognitive testing.In total, 37 patients participated. Relative to baseline, patients reported lower fatigue severity (CIS) and better motivation (CIS) in both the modafinil (P = .010 and P = .021, respectively) and the placebo condition (P < .001 and P = .027, respectively). The same held for physical health (SF-36 Physical Component Summary score; P = .001 and P = .008, respectively), working memory (P = .040 and P = .043), and information processing capacity (P = .036 and P = .040). No improvement in depressive symptoms was found in either condition.Modafinil did not exceed the effects of placebo with respect to symptom management. Patient accrual was slow, and relatively many patients dropped out during the trial, due mostly to side effects. Other, preferably nonpharmacologic intervention studies should be considered to improve symptom management of PBT patients.
Soluble amyloid-β, effect on cerebral arteriolar regulation and vascular cells
Authors: Hans H Dietrich, Chuanxi Xiang, Byung H Han, Gregory J Zipfel, David M Holtzman
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2010)

Evidence indicates that soluble forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) are vasoactive, which may contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunction noted in patients with Alzheimer's Disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The effects of soluble Aβ on penetrating cerebral arterioles - the vessels most responsible for controlling cerebrovascular resistance - have not been studied. Freshly dissolved Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, but not the reverse peptide Aβ40-1 constricted isolated rat penetrating arterioles and diminished dilation to adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). Aβ1-42 also enhanced ATP-induced vessel constriction. Aβ1-40 diminished arteriolar myogenic response, and an anti-Aβ antibody reduced Aβ1-40 induced arteriolar constriction. Prolonged Aβ exposure in vessels of Tg2576 mice resulted in a marked age-dependent effect on ATP-induced vascular responses. Vessels from 6 month old Tg2576 mice had reduced vascular responses whereas these were absent from 12 month old animals. Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 acutely increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured rat cerebro-microvascular cells. The radical scavenger MnTBAP attenuated this Aβ-induced oxidative stress and Aβ1-40-induced constriction in rat arterioles. Our results suggest that soluble Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 directly affect the vasomotor regulation of isolated rodent penetrating arterioles, and that ROS partially mediate these effects. Once insoluble Aβ deposits are present, arteriolar reactivity is greatly diminished.
The clinical relevance of serum antinuclear antibodies in Japanese patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Y. Hamaguchi, M. Hasegawa, M. Fujimoto, T. Matsushita, K. Komura, K. Kaji, M. Kondo, C. Nishijima, I. Hayakawa, F. Ogawa, M. Kuwana, K. Takehara, S. Sato
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disorder with excessive fibrosis of the skin and various internal organs. Although SSc is a heterogeneous disease, it has been reported that the particular antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are often indicative of clinical features, disease course and overall severity.To clarify the association of clinical and prognostic features with serum ANA in Japanese patients with SSc.We studied 203 Japanese patients diagnosed with SSc, who visited our hospital during the period 1983-2005. Six SSc-related ANA were identified using indirect immunofluorescence, double immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitation assays.Patients with SSc were classified into six ANA-based subgroups and a group without ANA. As expected, antitopoisomerase I antibody (Ab, n=64), anti-RNA polymerases (RNAP) Ab (n=12) and anti-U3 RNP Ab (n=5) were associated with diffuse cutaneous SSc, whereas anticentromere Ab (ACA, n=75), anti-Th/To Ab (n=7) and anti-U1 RNP Ab (n=10) were frequently detected in patients with limited cutaneous SSc. Clinical features of the ANA-negative group (n=10) were heterogeneous. Consistent with previous findings in Caucasian and/or black African patients, antitopoisomerase I Ab was associated with the involvement of vascular and pulmonary fibrosis, leading to decreased survival rate. However, no patients with anti-RNAP Ab developed renal crisis and the frequency of isolated pulmonary hypertension in patients with ACA, anti-Th/To Ab or anti-U3 RNP Ab was similar to that in other ANA-based subgroups.These results indicate that the clinical relevance of SSc-related ANA in Japanese patients differs in some aspects from that in Caucasian and/or black African patients.
APOL1 Localization in Normal Kidney and Nondiabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sethu M. Madhavan, John F. O'Toole, Martha Konieczkowski, Santhi Ganesan, Leslie A. Bruggeman, John R. Sedor
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

In patients of African ancestry, genetic variants in APOL1, which encodes apolipoprotein L1, associate with the nondiabetic kidney diseases, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), and hypertensive nephropathy. Understanding the renal localization of APOL1 may provide clues that will ultimately help elucidate the mechanisms by which APOL1 variants promote nephropathy. Here, we used immunohistology to examine APOL1 localization in normal human kidney sections and in biopsies demonstrating either FSGS (n = 8) or HIVAN (n = 2). Within normal glomeruli, APOL1 only localized to podocytes. Compared with normal glomeruli, fewer cells stained for APOL1 in FSGS and HIVAN glomeruli, even when expression of the podocyte markers GLEPP1 and synaptopodin appeared normal. APOL1 localized to proximal tubular epithelia in normal kidneys, FSGS, and HIVAN. We detected APOL1 in the arteriolar endothelium of normal and diseased kidney sections. Unexpectedly, in both FSGS and HIVAN but not normal kidneys, the media of medium artery and arterioles contained a subset of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells that stained for APOL1. Comparing the renal distribution of APOL1 in nondiabetic kidney disease to normal kidney suggests that a previously unrecognized arteriopathy may contribute to disease pathogenesis in patients of African ancestry.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of hepatic arterial infusion with oxaliplatin in combination with folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: W. Kern, B. Beckert, N. Lang, J. Stemmler, M. Beykirch, J. Stein, E. Goecke, T. Waggershauser, J. Braess, A. Schalhorn, W. Hiddemann
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Effects of lung resection on pulmonary function and exercise capacity.
Authors: C Pelletier, L Lapointe, P LeBlanc
Journal: Thorax (1990)

The effects of lung resection on exercise capacity and perception of symptoms were studied in 47 patients aged 39-73 (mean 58.3) years. Twenty had a pneumonectomy and 27 a lobectomy, all for lung cancer. Forced expiratory volume, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and progressive maximal one minute incremental cycle ergometer exercise performance were measured before and after surgery. Breathlessness and leg discomfort were assessed with a modified Borg scale (0-10). Mean FEV1 decreased from 79% (SD 22%) to 53% (11%) of the predicted value after pneumonectomy and from 89% (22%) to 74% (18%) after lobectomy. Exercise capacity, measured as the highest work load completed, Wmax, decreased from 78% (25%) to 58% (28%) predicted in the pneumonectomy group and from 77% (21%) to 67% (20%) in the lobectomy group. There was only a weak relation between changes in FEV1 and changes in Wmax (r = 0.54, r2 = 0.30). The slope of the relation between the intensity of dyspnoea and work load or the intensity of dyspnoea and ventilation increased significantly after pneumonectomy, but not after lobectomy. Leg discomfort increased more rapidly when related to work load after both pneumonectomy and lobectomy. After resection dyspnoea was rarely the only limiting factor at maximal exercise. It is concluded that (1) change in FEV1 is a poor predictor of change in exercise capacity after lung resection; (2) pneumonectomy results in a 25% decrease in Wmax and in an appreciable increase in dyspnoea during exercise; (3) lobectomy has little or no effect on Wmax or the intensity of postoperative dyspnoea; (4) after both pneumonectomy and lobectomy leg discomfort makes an important contribution to exercise limitation.
Helicobacter pylori-induced activation of β-catenin involves low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 and Dishevelled
Authors: Thorsten Gnad, Maria Feoktistova, Martin Leverkus, Uwe Lendeckel, Michael Naumann
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background The human microbial pathogen Helicobacter pylori resides in the stomach of about fifty percent of the world's population and represents a risk factor for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and, in rare cases, gastric cancer. Alterations of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway have been described in almost every human cancer disease, due to the regulation of target genes being involved in cell cycle control, differentiation, cell migration or stem cell control. Our study aimed to elucidate the role of proximal Wnt signaling components low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and Dishevelled (Dvl) in the activation of β-catenin early after infection of gastric epithelial cells with H. pylori . Results Infection of gastric epithelial NCI-N87 cells with H. pylori induces rapid phosphorylation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway co-receptor LRP6 independent of the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) or vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA). However, bacteria lacking a functional type 4 secretion system (T4SS) failed to induce LRP6 phosphorylation. Further, we identified proteins of the Dvl family, namely Dvl2 and Dvl3, which are involved in LRP6 phosphorylation. H. pylori -induced nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and its transcriptional activation, and expression of Wnt target genes are strongly reduced in stable knockdown cell lines deficient for LRP6, Dvl2 or Dvl3. Conclusion We analysed the H. pylori -induced activation of Wnt-signaling factors and demonstrate for the first time that the canonical Wnt-signaling proteins LRP6 and Dvl2 and Dvl3 are involved in the regulation of β-catenin.
Virus Cross-infection in Paediatric Wards
Authors: P. S. Gardner, S. D. M. Court, J. T. Brocklebank, M. A. P. S. Downham, D. Weightman
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In a survey of virus cross-infection in paediatric wards there were 15 cross-infections due to respiratory syncytial (R.S.) virus and 16 due to influenza A, both during a four-month period, and 19 due to parainfluenza viruses over two years. The illnesses produced by these infections acquired in hospital ranged from a slight cold to severe pneumonia: in 17 of the 50 cases the illness involved the lower respiratory tract. A measure of cross-infection frequency in the form of a "cross-infection rate" has been devised, and it is suggested that this can be used to assess the influence of factors such as ward design and admission policy on the frequency of cross-infection.
Bioengineering the Ovarian Follicle Microenvironment
Authors: Lonnie D. Shea, Teresa K. Woodruff, Ariella Shikanov
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2014)

Chemo- and radiation therapies used to treat cancer can have the unintended effect of making patients infertile. Clinically established fertility preservation methods, such as egg and embryo cryopreservation, are not applicable to all patients, which has motivated the development of strategies that involve ovarian tissue removal and cryopreservation before the first sterilizing treatment. To restore fertility at a later date, the early-stage follicles present in the tissue must be matured to produce functional oocytes, a process that is not possible using existing cell culture technologies. This review describes the application of tissue engineering principles to promote ovarian follicle maturation and produce mature oocytes through either in vitro culture or transplantation. The design principles for these engineered systems are presented, along with identification of emerging opportunities in reproductive biology.
A hypothesis for the initiation of COPD
Authors: E. G. Tzortzaki, N. M. Siafakas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is generally thought to depend on an aberrant immune response to a noxious or infectious agent, which may cause chronic inflammation. However, the initiation of this abnormal response is not fully understood. Here, we propose a new hypothesis for the beginning of COPD, that the immune response to inhaled agents, mainly cigarette smoke, is directed toward the airway epithelium, due to oxidative DNA damage of the lung epithelial barrier cells (LEBCs). The steps of this model are as follows. 1) Cigarette smoke induces oxidative DNA damage of LEBCs. 2) The acquired mutations are expressed at the microsatellite DNA level of LEBCs. 3) The altered LEBCs are recognised by dendritic cells (DCs) as "nonself". DCs travel, with the new information, to the lymph nodes, presenting it to the naïve T-lymphocytes. 4) A predominant CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte proliferation occurs. The CD8+ cells, by releasing perforin and granzymes, attack the altered LEBCs activating cell death cascades. Obviously, the above scenario needs further experimental exploration. However, it is an attractive model for the initiation of the abnormal inflammation in COPD, comprising oxidative DNA damage of LEBCs and host immune response.
Tissue factor: a mediator of inflammatory cell recruitment, tissue injury, and thrombus formation in experimental colitis
Authors: Christoph Anthoni, Janice Russell, Katherine C. Wood, Karen Y. Stokes, Thorsten Vowinkel, Daniel Kirchhofer, D. Neil Granger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

There is growing evidence for an interplay between inflammatory and coagulation pathways in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, it remains unclear whether components of the coagulation pathway, such as tissue factor (TF), contribute to intestinal inflammation, and whether targeting TF will blunt the inflammatory cell recruitment, tissue injury, and enhanced thrombus formation that occur in experimental colitis. Mice were fed 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colonic inflammation, with some mice receiving a mouse TF-blocking antibody (muTF-Ab). The adhesion of leukocytes and platelets in colonic venules, light/dye-induced thrombus formation in cremaster muscle microvessels, as well as disease activity index, thrombin–antithrombin (TAT) complexes in plasma, and histopathologic changes in the colonic mucosa were monitored in untreated and muTF-Ab–treated colitic mice. In untreated mice, DSS elicited the recruitment of adherent leukocytes and platelets in colonic venules, caused gross and histologic injury, increased plasma TAT complexes, and enhanced thrombus formation in muscle arterioles. muTF-Ab prevented elevation in TAT complexes, reduced blood cell recruitment and tissue injury, and blunted thrombus formation in DSS colitic mice. These findings implicate TF in intestinal inflammation and support an interaction between inflammation and coagulation in experimental colitis.
Combined androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial
Authors: Padraig Warde, Malcolm Mason, Keyue Ding, Peter Kirkbride, Michael Brundage, Richard Cowan, Mary Gospodarowicz, Karen Sanders, Edmund Kostashuk, Greg Swanson, Jim Barber, Andrea Hiltz, Mahesh KB Parmar, Jinka Sathya, John Anderson, Charles Hayter, John Hetherington, Matthew R Sydes, Wendy Parulekar
Journal: The Lancet (2011)