tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute sports injuries
Authors: J. Nicholl, P. Coleman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

develop the disease when old: crudely, we now have six annual cohorts of 1 year olds but only one annual cohort of 6 year olds.Assuming that the diagnoses for cows born after the ban were made between January 1990 and October 1995, I have calculated the number of annual cohorts of calves implicit in each age group of such diagnoses (table 1).The final column of the table then lists by age the number of diagnoses per annual cohort.These figures are thus equivalent to the column for the single year 1989.The age structure of diagnoses can indeed be seen to have changed little.What is surprising, however, is that the incidence of the disease increased substantially after the ban.Among 5 year olds, for example, 1874 of those born in 1984 were affected; this figure increased to roughly 4353 of those born in 1989.Perhaps the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food could supply the exact figures.
10-year trajectory of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in the development of type 2 diabetes: a community-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Jung Hun Ohn, Soo Heon Kwak, Young Min Cho, Soo Lim, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong Soo Park, Nam H Cho
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2015)
Anticancer effect obtained against MCA205 sarcoma following treatment with the oncolytic peptide LTX-315 in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Öystein Rekdal, Takahiro Yamazaki, Baldur Sveinbjornsson, Andrew Saunders, Laurence Zitvogel
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Host defense peptides (HDPs) are naturally occurring molecules found in most eukaryotic species, in which they play a significant role in the first line of defense against pathogens. Several HDPs have shown to possess anticancer activity. Structure-anti-cancer activity
Comment on Leese et al. Progression of Diabetes Retinal Status Within Community Screening Programs and Potential Implications for Screening Intervals. Diabetes Care 2015;38:488–494
Authors: Focke Ziemssen, Lydia Marahrens, Daniel Roeck
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

There is a discussion about the optimum screening interval for the timely detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) (1). A low rate of progression in patients without any preexisting retinopathy leads to the hypothesis that extending screening intervals can generally reduce total costs. Unfortunately, the British Four Nations Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Study Group’s recent article on the evaluation of DR progression has severe limitations (1).

1.  When adhering to just the broad categorization of “referable” and “treatable” disease, the exact stage of DR remains nontransparent (1). This is a major drawback, as the most appropriate treatment might change in the future when new studies’ data emerge or when the prediction of the individualized risk …
Paclitaxel activity in heavily pretreated breast cancer: a National Cancer Institute Treatment Referral Center trial.
Authors: J S Abrams, D A Vena, J Baltz, J Adams, M Montello, M Christian, N Onetto, S Desmond-Hellmann, R Canetta, M A Friedman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

To provide paclitaxel, an investigational drug at the inception of this study, to women with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic breast cancer and to evaluate response and toxicity in these patients.Two hundred sixty-seven patients with progressive disease (PD) following at least two chemotherapy regimens for metastatic breast cancer and a contraindication to further doxorubicin treatment received paclitaxel either at 175 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) over 24 hours or at 135 mg/m2 if they had prior irradiation to 30% of marrow-bearing bone or a cumulative dose of mitomycin > or = 20 mg/m2.In a subgroup of patients (n = 172) with measurable disease, four complete responses (CRs) and 36 partial responses (PRs) occurred, for an overall response rate of 23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17% to 30%). No differences in response rates were noted according either to the number of prior chemotherapy regimens received or to whether patients were considered refractory to doxorubicin. The dose and schedule used in this trial resulted in febrile neutropenia in 45% of patients and a hospitalization rate of 49%.Paclitaxel's activity in this multiinstitutional trial in heavily pretreated patients confirms the encouraging results attained in single-institution trials. Although at this dose and schedule paclitaxel may be considered too myelosuppressive for palliative care, supportive measures such as colony-stimulating factors and antibiotics were not used prophylactically. Current research efforts are focusing on whether paclitaxel's activity against breast cancer is dose- and/or schedule-dependent, and on what role it has in patients with less advanced disease.
NHS hospitals post record £1.6bn overspend in first six months of year
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

NHS hospitals in England posted a record deficit of £1.6bn (€2.3bn; $2.4bn) in the first half of this year, as the financial crisis enveloping the service escalated further.

The sector’s regulators, Monitor and the Trust Development Authority, which published the figures,1 said that the overspend was £358m worse than was planned by the sector at the beginning of the financial year and added that the deficit could reach £2.2bn by the end of the year, if current performance continued.

In total, 190 of England’s 241 NHS trusts and foundation trusts (which include hospital, mental health, ambulance, and some community health trusts) reported a deficit for the second quarter of the year.

The overspend was largely attributed to a …
Prediagnosis Plasma Adiponectin in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk According to<i>KRAS</i>Mutation Status
Authors: Kentaro Inamura, Mingyang Song, Seungyoun Jung, Reiko Nishihara, Mai Yamauchi, Paul Lochhead, Zhi Rong Qian, Sun A Kim, Kosuke Mima, Yasutaka Sukawa, Atsuhiro Masuda, Yu Imamura, Xuehong Zhang, Michael N. Pollak, Christos S. Mantzoros, Curtis C. Harris, Edward Giovannucci, Charles S. Fuchs, Eunyoung Cho, Andrew T. Chan, Kana Wu, Shuji Ogino
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Low levels of adiponectin (ADIPOQ; HGNC ID; HGNC:13633), an adipokine, are associated with obesity, adiposity, excess energy balance, and increased risk of colorectal neoplasia. Given the reported association of increased body mass index (BMI) and low-level physical activity with KRAS-mutated colorectal tumor, we hypothesized that low-level plasma adiponectin might be associated with increased risk of KRAS-mutant colorectal carcinoma but not with risk of KRAS wild-type carcinoma.We conducted molecular pathological epidemiology research using a nested case-control study design (307 incident rectal and colon cancer case patients and 593 matched control individuals) within prospective cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study (152 case patients and 297 control individuals, with blood collection in 1989-1990) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (155 case patients and 296 control individuals, with blood collection in 1993-1995). Multivariable conditional logistic regression models and two-sided likelihood ratio tests were used to assess etiologic heterogeneity of the associations.The association of low-level plasma adiponectin with colorectal cancer risk statistically significantly differed by KRAS mutation status (P heterogeneity = .004). Low levels of plasma adiponectin were associated with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer (for the lowest vs highest tertile: multivariable odds ratio [OR] = 2.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50 to 5.34, P trend = .002) but not with KRAS wild-type cancer (for the lowest vs highest tertile: multivariable OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.49 to 1.43, P trend = .48). In secondary analyses, the association between plasma adiponectin and colorectal cancer did not appreciably differ by BRAF or PIK3CA oncogene mutation status.Low-level plasma adiponectin is associated with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer risk but not with KRAS wild-type cancer risk.
Consensus on the Existence of Functional Erythropoietin Receptors on Cancer Cells
Authors: Charles L. Bennett, Stephen Y. Lai, Oliver Sartor, Peter Georgantopoulos, William J. Hrushesky, Michael Henke, James O. Armitage
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Academic scientists and scientists employed by manufacturers of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents report opposite findings in studies of the existence of functional erythropoietin receptors on cancer cells.
Fetuin B Is a Secreted Hepatocyte Factor Linking Steatosis to Impaired Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Ruth C. Meex, Andrew J. Hoy, Alexander Morris, Russell D. Brown, Jennifer C.Y. Lo, Melissa Burke, Robert J.A. Goode, Bronwyn A. Kingwell, Michael J. Kraakman, Mark A. Febbraio, Jan Willem Greve, Sander S. Rensen, Mark P. Molloy, Graeme I. Lancaster, Clinton R. Bruce, Matthew J. Watt
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Germline Mutations in<i>HOXB13</i>and Prostate-Cancer Risk
Authors: Charles M. Ewing, Anna M. Ray, Ethan M. Lange, Kimberly A. Zuhlke, Christiane M. Robbins, Waibhav D. Tembe, Kathleen E. Wiley, Sarah D. Isaacs, Dorhyun Johng, Yunfei Wang, Chris Bizon, Guifang Yan, Marta Gielzak, Alan W. Partin, Vijayalakshmi Shanmugam, Tyler Izatt, Shripad Sinari, David W. Craig, S. Lilly Zheng, Patrick C. Walsh, James E. Montie, Jianfeng Xu, John D. Carpten, William B. Isaacs, Kathleen A. Cooney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Family history is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer, although the molecular basis for this association is poorly understood. Linkage studies have implicated chromosome 17q21-22 as a possible location of a prostate-cancer susceptibility gene.We screened more than 200 genes in the 17q21-22 region by sequencing germline DNA from 94 unrelated patients with prostate cancer from families selected for linkage to the candidate region. We tested family members, additional case subjects, and control subjects to characterize the frequency of the identified mutations.Probands from four families were discovered to have a rare but recurrent mutation (G84E) in HOXB13 (rs138213197), a homeobox transcription factor gene that is important in prostate development. All 18 men with prostate cancer and available DNA in these four families carried the mutation. The carrier rate of the G84E mutation was increased by a factor of approximately 20 in 5083 unrelated subjects of European descent who had prostate cancer, with the mutation found in 72 subjects (1.4%), as compared with 1 in 1401 control subjects (0.1%) (P=8.5x10(-7)). The mutation was significantly more common in men with early-onset, familial prostate cancer (3.1%) than in those with late-onset, nonfamilial prostate cancer (0.6%) (P=2.0x10(-6)).The novel HOXB13 G84E variant is associated with a significantly increased risk of hereditary prostate cancer. Although the variant accounts for a small fraction of all prostate cancers, this finding has implications for prostate-cancer risk assessment and may provide new mechanistic insights into this common cancer. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
PD-1 Blunts the Function of Ovarian Tumor–Infiltrating Dendritic Cells by Inactivating NF-κB
Authors: Lavakumar Karyampudi, Purushottam Lamichhane, James Krempski, Kimberly R. Kalli, Marshall D. Behrens, Doris M. Vargas, Lynn C. Hartmann, Jo Marie T. Janco, Haidong Dong, Karen E. Hedin, Allan B. Dietz, Ellen L. Goode, Keith L. Knutson
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

The PD-1:PD-L1 immune signaling axis mediates suppression of T-cell-dependent tumor immunity. PD-1 expression was recently found to be upregulated on tumor-infiltrating murine (CD11c(+)CD11b(+)CD8(-)CD209a(+)) and human (CD1c(+)CD19(-)) myeloid dendritic cells (TIDC), an innate immune cell type also implicated in immune escape. However, there is little knowledge concerning how PD-1 regulates innate immune cells. In this study, we examined the role of PD-1 in TIDCs derived from mice bearing ovarian tumors. Similar to lymphocytes, TIDC expression of PD-1 was associated with expression of the adapter protein SHP-2, which signals to NF-κB; however, in contrast to its role in lymphocytes, we found that expression of PD-1 in TIDC tonically paralyzed NF-κB activation. Further mechanistic investigations showed that PD-1 blocked NF-κB-dependent cytokine release in a SHP-2-dependent manner. Conversely, inhibition of NF-κB-mediated antigen presentation by PD-1 occurred independently of SHP-2. Collectively, our findings revealed that PD-1 acts in a distinct manner in innate immune cells compared with adaptive immune cells, prompting further investigations of the signaling pathways controlled by this central mediator of immune escape in cancer.
A2B or not 2B: that is the question: AUTHORS' RETROSPECTIVE
Authors: J. M. Downey, M. V. Cohen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

This editorial refers to an article by S. Philipp et al. [1][1] published in Cardiovascular Research in 2006 (see [Box 1][2]). It is accompanied by an editorial by K. Przyklenk, pp. 195–197, this issue, as part of this Spotlight on Landmark Papers in Cardiovascular Research . 

Our interest in adenosine A2B receptors is based on studies reported in a paper we published in this journal in 2006.1 Below we describe the largely unplanned and serendipitous events that led us to conclude that the A2B receptor was an important player.

There are four known adenosine receptor subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Interestingly, all four have been proposed to be involved in protecting the heart against ischaemic injury. All subtypes are G protein-coupled receptors of the serpentine 7 family. The A1 and A3 receptors are clearly Gi-coupled, whereas the A2A receptor is Gs-coupled. The A2B receptor is also Gs-coupled, but a Gi (or Go) coupling can also be demonstrated.2 The A2B receptor also has a much lower affinity for adenosine than the other three subtypes. The cardiomyocyte expresses all four subtypes, but their physiological effects are diverse. A1 receptor occupation reduces the heart rate by modulating sinoatrial node activity and depresses conduction through the AV node. A2A agonists are powerful vasodilators in most organs because of their Gs coupling. On the other hand, these agonists have a negligible effect on contractility in the heart, probably a reflection of their fairly low density relative to β-adrenergic receptors. A2B agonists have little haemodynamic effect.

In 1986 Murry et al .3 discovered ischaemic preconditioning. This is a phenomenon whereby a brief period of myocardial ischaemia …

 [1]: #ref-1
 [2]: #F1
...such as ketamine
Authors: D. Shewan, P. Dalgarno, L. A King
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—There is increasing concern over the toxic1 and neurodegenerative2 effects of ecstasy, and further research is clearly required. Potential hazards can also, however, arise through use of tablets sold as ecstasy that contain substances other than ecstasy, such as ketamine. Ketamine is an anaesthetic agent with a rapid action that has medical and veterinary applications. Drug users who have taken ketamine illicitly say that it induces a profound change in consciousness, involving a feeling of …
"High-risk" acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Authors: A I Freeman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.7.997 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3474360 "High-risk" acute lymphocytic leukemia. A I FreemanxA I FreemanSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1987.5.7.997 PDF ""High-risk" acute lymphocytic leukemia.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5(7), pp. 997–998© 1987 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
The McDonaldization of Medicine
Authors: E. Ray Dorsey, George Ritzer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
The doctor will move in with you now
Authors: Helen Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2015)

If only I had more time with my patients they would be healthy, I would be fulfilled, and the world would be a better place—so the myth goes. General practitioner Rangan Chatterjee threw away his 10 minute appointment slots and moved in with patients for this series.

Pratiksha, a middle aged woman with obesity, stress, and anxiety and a variety of symptoms, consumed pots of over-the-counter remedies. She and her partner, Sandeep, taking three antidiabetes agents and with poor control of his type 2 diabetes, were the subjects of the first episode. In the second episode a weight lifter with chronic back pain and an appetite for prescription opioids, who turned out to have body dysmorphia, took centre stage, along with his youngest son, who has eczema.

So what happened …
Are Human Translated Pseudogenes Functional?
Authors: Jinrui Xu, Jianzhi Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

By definition, pseudogenes are relics of former genes that no longer possess biological functions. Operationally, they are identified based on disruptions of open reading frames (ORFs) or presumed losses of promoter activities. Intriguingly, a recent human proteomic study reported peptides encoded by 107 pseudogenes. These peptides may play currently unrecognized physiological roles. Alternatively, they may have resulted from accidental translations of pseudogene transcripts and possess no function. Comparing between human and macaque orthologs, we show that the nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rate ratio (ω) is significantly smaller for translated pseudogenes than other pseudogenes. In particular, five of 34 translated pseudogenes amenable to evolutionary analysis have ω values significantly lower than 1, indicative of the action of purifying selection. This and other findings demonstrate that some but not all translated pseudogenes have selected functions at the protein level. Hence, neither ORF disruption nor presence of protein product disproves or proves gene functionality at the protein level.
Drug Self-Administration by Laboratory Animals: Control by Schedules of Reinforcement
Authors: R D Spealman, S R Goldberg
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1978)

A common factor underlying all concepts of drug dependence is the persistent maintenance of behavior that leads to drug self-administration (I, 2). Early studies of drug self-administration by laboratory animals involved morphine and employed subjects that were made physiologically (physically) dependent by repeated injec­ tions prior to the initiation of self-administration behavior (3-9). This emphasis on physiological dependence strengthened the belief that drugs were self-administered by laboratory animals chiefly because their administration terminated or postponed the characteristic withdrawal syndrome induced by drug abstinence. While physio­ logical dependence may profoundly influence drug self-administration behavior, it is not necessary for the maintenance of that behavior. With psychomotor stimulant drugs, for example, no clear signs of withdrawal occur after chronic administration is terminated, yet these drugs are persistently self-administered by laboratory ani­ mals (10-16). Even with drugs such as narcotic analgesics, barbiturates, and ethanol that can induce physiological dependence, the initiation of drug self-administration by drug-naive animals must result from other factors (17). Moreover, many experi­ ments have shown that self-administration can be maintained by these drugs in the absence of any demonstrable physiological dependence when access to drug is limited to short periods of time each day and when small doses of drug are used (18-28). Considerations such as these have prompted the investigation of behavioral factors underlying drug dependence.
Nutrition and Immunity: The Influence of Diet on Autoimmunity and the Role of Zinc in the Immune Response
Authors: Mary Ann Hansen, Gabriel Fernandes, Robert A. Good
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1982)

Nutrition exerts profound influence on immunological functions effecting both cell-mediated (humoral) and T cell-mediated (cellular) immune functions. Even the interaction of the immune systems can be profoundly influenced by restrictions or excesses of dietary constituents. In experimental systems where it is possible to control precisely the influence of specific nutriments, development and expression of autoimmune diseases and the associated immunodeficiencies of aging can be delayed by restrictions of dietary protein, protein and calories, fat, zinc, or even essential fatty acids. Tumor immunities likewise can be affected and sometimes even enhanced by restriction of protein, calories, or protein and calories, an influence associated with major delay in development of the experimental cancers--e.g. breast cancer. T cell-mediated immunodeficiencies associated with clinically apparent protein or protein calorie malnutrition are often attributable not to the major nutriment deficiencies per se but to accompanying zinc deficiency, a finding reflecting the vital role of zinc in many immunological functions. Dietary zinc deficiency appears to be responsible, at least in part, for the immunodeficiency that is so regularly associated with certain human cancers, such as epidermoid cancers of the head and neck region.