tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16445: Reference Echocardiographic Measurements in Free-Living Adults: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Murilo Foppa, Angela B Santos, Claudia M Freire, Luciana P Fernandes, Paulo R Vasconcellos-Silva, Rodolfo Sharovsky, Lilia M El Aouar, Julio C Pires, Marina Bessel, Jose G Mill, Paulo A Lotufo, Bruce B Duncan
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Current normal reference values for echocardiography are derived from North American or European populations, and it is not known if these are applicable to the multiethnic constitution of Brazilian and South American populations. Objective: We aimed to describe reference values for echocardiographic measurements in a contemporary cohort of middle-aged and elderly free-living Brazilians. Methods: Echocardiographic studies from 3234 participants (33% of those for whom echocardiography was available) were read in the ELSA Echocardiography Reading Center. Their demographic characteristics did not differ substantially from remaining participants of similar age in the ELSA-Brasil cohort - a study of Brazilian public servants aged 35 to 74 years. Among these, we identified a reference normal sample of 950 (29%) participants (56±10 years; 40% men) after excluding those with prevalent hypertension (51%), diabetes (27%), metabolic syndrome (45%), self-reported cardiovascular disease (13%), or echocardiographically determined myocardiopathy or significant valvular disease (13%). Results: The Table describes sex-specific mean±SD values from the reference normal sample. Mean values for structural measurements were larger for men, but systolic function and mitral annular tissue Doppler measurements were similar. The majority of measurements were within the normal range of other populations. Conclusion: Although results in this sample, which we believe to be the largest drawn to date from an apparently normal Latin American population, are mostly similar to those of other international reference samples, particularities exist that may relate to its multi-ethnic nature or to other regional characteristics. We believe that these results are suitable for use as regional normative values and for international comparisons.
Abstract 19856: Optogenetic Modulation of Pacemaking, Arrhythmia Generation, and Inhibition with Sustained (Non-pulsed) Light
Authors: Christina M Ambrosi, John C Williams, Emilia Entcheva
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The induction of automaticity by persistent depolarizing current in non-pacemaking cardiac cells was demonstrated experimentally over 40 years ago, when Sperelakis, Katzung, and others transformed single ventricular myocytes into pacemakers with tunable frequencies by the injection of non-pulsed, constant current. The full dynamic response (bifurcations) to such depolarizing current, including arrhythmia generation and inhibition, has been corroborated in silico. Here we report an optogenetic reincarnation of the method applicable in the cardiac tissue setting. Quiescent syncytia of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, expressing the light-sensitive ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), were exposed to continuous very low-intensity light (470 nm) while optically mapped. In silico, ChR2-expressing human ventricular cardiomyocytes were subjected to a range of irradiances (0.08-0.3 mW/mm2) to map their dynamic response. Both in vitro and in silico delivery of sustained depolarizing current via optical ChR2 actuation produced stable pacemaking. As irradiance varied, the full dynamic response to constant light revealed regions of: 1) robust pacemaking with tunable frequency (1-3 Hz, in silico), 2) arrhythmia generation, and 3) complete inhibition of activity. In vitro tests in cardiac syncytia confirmed a pacemaking region with tunable frequency - 1.83±0.29 times increase in rate as irradiance varied 3-9 μW/mm2 (n=4). Suppression of the inward rectifier current (0.5 mM barium, n=4) widened the effective range of the tunable pacemaker, in addition to reducing the onset threshold for pacemaking by 73±14% experimentally. In sum, we present a new optogenetic method for contactless, spatially-resolved generation of pacemaking, induction and suppression of instabilities in heart tissue with implications for rate-adaptive, biological alternatives to electronic pacemaking and for simple comprehensive testing of electrical stability by low light.
Abstract P6-02-09: Structure-activity relationship of ruthenium (Ru) complexes to inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis
Authors: Joji Iida, Marc L Prazo, Yifeng Lu, Elisabeth T Bell-Loncella, Craig D Shriver
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Previous studies demonstrated that transition metal complexes inhibit cancer cell growth. We have examined a series of ruthenium (Ru (II)) complexes for their ability to inhibit growth of breast cancer cells. Among three complexes with the general formula [Ru(η6-p-cym)(N-N)Cl]+ tested for their abilities to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell growth, the complex with o-phenalyenediamine (o-pda) as the bidentate nitrogen donor (N-N) ligand, [Ru(η6-p-cym)(o-pda)Cl]+, showed significant inhibitory activity in both a concentration- and a time-dependent manners. Although [Ru(η6-p-cym)(o-pda)Cl]+ inhibited growth of various human cancer types such as MCF-7 (breast), SK-Br3 (breast), B-cell lymphoma (Raji), osteosarcoma (HT1080), and melanoma (Bowes) cells, two TN breast cancer cells, HCC1806 and HCC38, were resistant to this treatment, suggesting cell-type specific functions of [Ru(η6-p-cym)(o-pda)Cl]+ for inhibiting cell growth. When MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with [Ru(η6-p-cym)(o-pda)Cl]+, both cleavage of caspase-3 and release of HMGB-1 into conditioned medium increased in a concentration dependent manner, suggesting [Ru(η6-p-cym)(o-pda)Cl]+ induced both apoptosis and necrosis processes. Importantly, [Ru(η6-p-cym)(o-pda)Cl]+ synergistically inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell growth with cyclophosphamide but not doxorubicin and paclitaxel. These results suggest that [Ru(η6-p-cym)(o-pda)Cl]+ is a potent tumor growth inhibitor per se and enhances tumoricidal activity of chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide. Thus, Ru (II) complexes are promising anti-cancer drugs which could be used alone and/or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for breast cancer patients. The opinion and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as representing the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. Citation Format: Joji Iida, Marc L Prazo, Yifeng Lu, Elisabeth T Bell-Loncella, Craig D Shriver. Structure-activity relationship of ruthenium (Ru) complexes to inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-02-09.
Left Bundle Branch Block in Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Jason J. Rose, L. Kristin Newby, Samuel Broderick, Karen Chiswell, Frans Van de Werf, Paul W. Armstrong, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Robert A. Harrington, E. Magnus Ohman, Robert P. Giugliano, Shaun G. Goodman, Harvey D. White, Robert M. Califf, Christopher B. Granger, Renato D. Lopes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Non-specialist health workers can deliver autism treatment in Asia, finds study
Authors: Cheryl Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Researchers from the United Kingdom and South Asia have collaborated to adapt a parent led autism intervention that is effective, feasible, and can be delivered by non-specialist healthcare workers in South Asia.

The parent mediated intervention for autism spectrum disorder in South Asia (PASS) was adapted from the preschool autism communication trial—an intervention used in the UK that targets communication and social interactions. PASS was tested in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and Goa, India, and demonstrated significantly better parent-child interactions than usual care in two of the three outcomes measured. The study was published in Lancet Psychiatry .1

This is the first randomised controlled trial in low and middle income …
Abstract 20243: Differential Uptake of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Trial Subjects Could Explain Variability of the Trials’ Outcome
Authors: Nisar A Shaikh, Sabah N Shaikh, Jason Yantha, George Jackowski
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: A relationship of regular fish consumption with lowered incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been appreciated for decades. However, preparations from fish oils, showed mixed results in recent meta-analyses and have raised some doubts on the efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) for management of CVD. Some of these reports suffer from inclusion of studies with ill-defined patient populations, varying PUFA doses, purity, and formulation, while others have patients on drug milieu or have employed placebo that could have undermine the trial outcome. Very few studies have determined ω-3 PUFA levels pre &amp; post treatment. In this report, we are the first to describe heterogeneity of Omega 3 uptake among trial subjects that could have contributed to the inconsistencies of results. Methods: In VASCAZEN-REVEAL trials, 54 subjects with normal to high blood triglycerides levels (TG 90-500mg/dl) and with ω-3 PUFA deficiency (Omega-Score™, OS, blood levels of eicosapentaenoic (EPA)+docosahexaenoic (DHA) +docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) of &lt;6.1% of total blood fatty acids) were provided 4g/day of 6:1 EPA/DHA formulation (&gt;90% purity) for 8 weeks. Changes in the OS levels pre-and post treatment along with individual fatty acids including arachidonic (AA) were determined and desaturation enzymes activities were calculated. Results: Based upon post-treatment increases in the blood levels of OS, weak (WR), intermediate (IR) and strong (SR) responders were identified. Conclusion: This is the first report to show differential effect of Omega-3 on trial subjects and warrants caution in the interpretation of trial data without identifying the responders.
Timing effect of intramyocardial hydrogel injection for positively impacting left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction
Authors: Tomo Yoshizumi, Yang Zhu, Hongbin Jiang, Antonio D'Amore, Hirokazu Sakaguchi, Jason Tchao, Kimimasa Tobita, William R. Wagner
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Post-Stroke Depression: A Review
Authors: Robert G. Robinson, Ricardo E. Jorge
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Poststroke depression (PSD) has been recognized by psychiatrists for more than 100 years, but controlled systematic studies did not begin until the 1970s. Meta-analyses addressing almost all major clinical issues in the field have emerged because of the relatively small number of patients included in some stroke studies. In order to build large databases, these meta-analyses have merged patients with rigorously assessed mood disorders with major depressive features with patients scoring above arbitrary cutoff points on depression rating scales, thus missing important findings such as cognitive impairment associated with major but not minor depression. Nevertheless, PSD occurs in a significant number of patients and constitutes an important complication of stroke, leading to greater disability as well as increased mortality. The most clinically important advances, however, have been in the treatment and prevention of PSD. Recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials for the treatment of PSD have demonstrated the efficacy of antidepressants. Similarly, randomized controlled trials for prevention of PSD have shown that antidepressants significantly decrease the incidence of PSD compared with placebo. Early antidepressant treatment of PSD appears to enhance both physical and cognitive recovery from stroke and might increase survival up to 10 years following stroke. There has also been progress in understanding the pathophysiology of PSD. Inflammatory processes might be associated with the onset of at least some depressive symptoms. In addition, genetic and epigenetic variations, white matter disease, cerebrovascular deregulation, altered neuroplasticity, and changes in glutamate neurotransmission might be relevant etiological factors. Further elucidation of the mechanism of PSD may ultimately lead to specific targeted treatments.
Immune responses following intrapleural administration of oncolytic SEPREHVIR in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Kirsty Learmonth, Lynne Braidwood, Penella Woll, Joe Conner
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains a major challenge, with limited therapeutic options. Multifocal intrapleural disease can cause disabling symptoms of pain and breathlessness, in the absence of distant metastases, so an intrapleural treatment approach is attractive.
T1-Mapping and Outcome in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Valentina O. Puntmann, Gerry Carr-White, Andrew Jabbour, Chung-Yao Yu, Rolf Gebker, Sebastian Kelle, Rocio Hinojar, Adelina Doltra, Niharika Varma, Nicholas Child, Toby Rogers, Gonca Suna, Eduardo Arroyo Ucar, Ben Goodman, Sitara Khan, Darius Dabir, Eva Herrmann, Andreas M. Zeiher, Eike Nagel
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2016)
Genetic Immunization With In Vivo Dendritic Cell-targeting Liposomal DNA Vaccine Carrier Induces Long-lasting Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Arup Garu, Gopikrishna Moku, Suresh Kumar Gulla, Arabinda Chaudhuri
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

A major limiting factor retarding the clinical success of dendritic cell (DC)-based genetic immunizations (DNA vaccination) is the scarcity of biologically safe and effective carrier systems for targeting the antigen-encoded DNA vaccines to DCs under in vivo settings. Herein, we report on a potent, mannose receptor selective in vivo DC-targeting liposomes of a novel cationic amphiphile with mannose-mimicking shikimoyl head-group. Flow cytometric experiments with cells isolated from draining lymph nodes of mice s.c. immunized with lipoplexes of pGFP plasmid (model DNA vaccine) using anti-CD11c antibody-labeled magnetic beads revealed in vivo DC-targeting properties of the presently described liposomal DNA vaccine carrier. Importantly, s.c. immunizations of mice with electrostatic complex of the in vivo DC-targeting liposome and melanoma antigen-encoded DNA vaccine (p-CMV-MART1) induced long-lasting antimelanoma immune response (100 days post melanoma tumor challenge) with remarkable memory response (more than 6 months after the second tumor challenge). The presently described direct in vivo DC-targeting liposomal DNA vaccine carrier is expected to find future exploitations toward designing effective vaccines for various infectious diseases and cancers. A major limiting factor retarding the clinical success of dendritic cell (DC)-based genetic immunizations (DNA vaccination) is the scarcity of biologically safe and effective carrier systems for targeting the antigen-encoded DNA vaccines to DCs under in vivo settings. Herein, we report on a potent, mannose receptor selective in vivo DC-targeting liposomes of a novel cationic amphiphile with mannose-mimicking shikimoyl head-group. Flow cytometric experiments with cells isolated from draining lymph nodes of mice s.c. immunized with lipoplexes of pGFP plasmid (model DNA vaccine) using anti-CD11c antibody-labeled magnetic beads revealed in vivo DC-targeting properties of the presently described liposomal DNA vaccine carrier. Importantly, s.c. immunizations of mice with electrostatic complex of the in vivo DC-targeting liposome and melanoma antigen-encoded DNA vaccine (p-CMV-MART1) induced long-lasting antimelanoma immune response (100 days post melanoma tumor challenge) with remarkable memory response (more than 6 months after the second tumor challenge). The presently described direct in vivo DC-targeting liposomal DNA vaccine carrier is expected to find future exploitations toward designing effective vaccines for various infectious diseases and cancers.
Role of computed tomography in the staging of primary melanoma.
Authors: A C Buzaid, A B Sandler, S Mani, A M Curtis, W J Poo, J L Bolognia, S Ariyan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

To evaluate the role of body computed tomography (CT) for the staging of patients with early melanoma.A total of 151 new patients with American Joint Committee (AJC) clinical stage I, II, and III melanoma who received a CT scan of at least the chest and abdomen are the subject of this study. CT scans considered suspicious for metastases were reviewed again by one of the investigators (A.McB.C.).Of 151 patients, 63 had AJC clinical stage I, 61 stage II, and 23 stage III disease. In addition, one patient each had primary melanoma of the anal canal, esophagus, or vulva. Twenty-nine (19%) of 151 patients had a CT scan that was considered suspicious for metastases. The most common radiologic findings were single hepatic, and single or multiple pulmonary nodules. Of these 29 patients with suspicious scans, 24 subsequently proved to have benign processes by biopsy or follow-up studies, three had second primary tumors (well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and renal cell carcinoma), and only two were found to have metastatic melanoma. Of these two patients, one had regional nodal disease (unsuspected on physical examination) and one had distant nodal metastases.Body CT is not a useful imaging study in the detection of occult metastases in patients with primary melanoma. Although body CT commonly shows suspicious radiologic abnormalities in patients with early melanoma, these abnormalities most likely represent benign processes or a second primary tumor, rather than metastatic melanoma. The value of body CT in patients who present with nodal metastases needs further study.
Short-term and Long-term Efficacy of Psychological Therapies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kelsey T. Laird, Emily E. Tanner-Smith, Alexandra C. Russell, Steve D. Hollon, Lynn S. Walker
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)

Several meta-analyses have demonstrated the efficacy of psychological therapies for reducing gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, no meta-analysis has investigated the duration of these effects. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the immediate, short-term, and long-term efficacy of psychotherapy for reducing GI symptoms in adults with IBS.We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Science Direct, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses through August 15, 2015 for randomized controlled trials that compared psychological therapy with an active or non-active comparison (control) condition for treatment of GI symptoms in adults with IBS.Forty-one trials were included in our meta-analysis, comprising data from 2290 individuals (1183 assigned to psychotherapy and 1107 assigned to a control condition). Compared with a mixed group of control conditions, psychological therapies had a medium effect on GI symptom severity (d¯ = 0.69) immediately after treatment. On average, individuals who received psychotherapy had a greater reduction in GI symptoms after treatment than 75% of individuals assigned to a control condition. After short-term follow-up periods (1-6 months after treatment) and long-term follow-up periods (6-12 months after treatment), this effect remained significant and medium in magnitude (d¯ = 0.76 and d¯ = 0.73, respectively).Psychological therapies reduce GI symptoms in adults with IBS. These effects remained significant and medium in magnitude after short-term and long-term follow-up periods.
t(15;21) translocations leading to the concurrent downregulation of RUNX1 and its transcription factor partner genes SIN3A and TCF12 in myeloid disorders
Authors: Alberto L’Abbate, Doron Tolomeo, Francesca De Astis, Angelo Lonoce, Crocifissa Lo Cunsolo, Dominique Mühlematter, Jacqueline Schoumans, Peter Vandenberghe, Achilles Van Hoof, Orazio Palumbo, Massimo Carella, Tommaso Mazza, Clelia Tiziana Storlazzi
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Through a combined approach integrating RNA-Seq, SNP-array, FISH and PCR techniques, we identified two novel t(15;21) translocations leading to the inactivation of RUNX1 and its partners SIN3A and TCF12. One is a complex t(15;21)(q24;q22), with both breakpoints mapped at the nucleotide level, joining RUNX1 to SIN3A and UBL7-AS1 in a patient with myelodysplasia. The other is a recurrent t(15;21)(q21;q22), juxtaposing RUNX1 and TCF12, with an opposite transcriptional orientation, in three myeloid leukemia cases. Since our transcriptome analysis indicated a significant number of differentially expressed genes associated with both translocations, we speculate an important pathogenetic role for these alterations involving RUNX1.
Asthma as a risk factor for zoster in adults: A population-based case-control study
Authors: Hyo Jin Kwon, Duk Won Bang, Eun Na Kim, Chung-Il Wi, Barbara P. Yawn, Peter C. Wollan, Brian D. Lahr, Euijung Ryu, Young J. Juhn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Association of Coronary Stent Indication With Postoperative Outcomes Following Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Carla N. Holcomb, Robert H. Hollis, Laura A. Graham, Joshua S. Richman, Javier A. Valle, Kamal M. Itani, Thomas M. Maddox, Mary T. Hawn
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Current guidelines for delaying surgery after coronary stent placement are based on stent type. However, the indication for the stent may be an important risk factor for postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE). <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether the clinical indication for a coronary stent is associated with postoperative MACE. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study in patients at US Veterans Affairs hospitals who had a coronary stent placed between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010, and underwent noncardiac surgery within the following 24 months. The association between the indication for stent and postoperative MACE rates was examined using logistic regression to control for patient and procedure factors. <h3>Exposures</h3> Three subgroups of stent indication were examined: (1) myocardial infarction (MI); (2) unstable angina; and (3) revascularization not associated with acute coronary syndrome (non-ACS). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Composite 30-day postoperative MACE rates including all-cause mortality, MI, or revascularization. <h3>Results</h3> Among 26 661 patients (median [IQR] age, 68 [61.0-76.0] years; 98.4% male; 88.1% white) who underwent 41 815 surgical procedures within 24 months following coronary stent placement, the stent indication was MI in 32.8% of the procedures, unstable angina in 33.8%, and non-ACS in 33.4%. Postoperative MACE rates were significantly higher in the MI group (7.5%) compared with the unstable angina (2.7%) and non-ACS (2.6%) groups (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). When surgery was performed within 3 months of percutaneous coronary intervention, adjusted odds of MACE were significantly higher in the MI group compared with the non-ACS group (odds ratio [OR] = 5.25; 95% CI, 4.08-6.75). This risk decreased over time, although it remained significantly higher at 12 to 24 months from percutaneous coronary intervention (OR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.58-2.40). The adjusted odds of MACE for the unstable angina group were similar to those for the non-ACS group when surgery was performed within 3 months (OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.80-1.53) or between 12 and 24 months (OR = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.86-1.37) from stent placement. Stent type was not significantly associated with MACE regardless of indication. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Surgery in patients with a coronary stent placed for MI was associated with increased postoperative MACE rates compared with other stent indications. The risk declined over time from PCI, and delaying surgery up to 6 months in this cohort of patients with stents may be important regardless of stent type.