tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Nuptial Colors and Visual Sensitivities Tuned by Opsins Leads to Species Richness in Sympatric Lake Victoria Cichlid Fishes
Authors: Ryutaro Miyagi, Yohey Terai, Mitsuto Aibara, Tohru Sugawara, Hiroo Imai, Hidenori Tachida, Semvua Isa Mzighani, Takashi Okitsu, Akimori Wada, Norihiro Okada
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Reproductive isolation that prevents interspecific hybridization between closely related coexisting species maintains sympatric species diversity. One of the reproductive isolations is mate choice based on color signals (breeding color perceived by color vision). This is well known in several animal taxa, yet little is known about its genetic and molecular mechanism. Lake Victoria cichlid fishes are thought to be an example of sympatric species diversity. In the species inhabiting different light environments in rocky shore, speciation by sensory drive through color signals has been proposed by analyses of the long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsin gene and the male nuptial coloration. However, the genetic and molecular mechanism of how diversity of sympatric species occurring in the same habitat is maintained remains unknown. To address this issue, we determined nucleotide sequences of eight opsins of six sympatric species collected from a sandy–muddy shore—an ideal model system for studying sympatric species. Among eight opsins, the LWS and RH1 alleles were diversified and one particular allele is dominant or fixed in each species, and we propose that this is due to natural selection. The functions of their LWS alleles were also diversified as shown by absorption measurements of reconstituted visual pigments. To analyze the relationship between nuptial coloration and the absorption of LWS pigments, we systematically evaluated and defined nuptial coloration. We showed that the coloration was species specific with respect to hue and significantly differentiated by the index values of hue (dominant wavelength: λd). The λd value of the male nuptial coloration correlated with the absorption of LWS pigments from all the species, suggesting that reproductive isolation through mate choice using color signals may prevent sympatric interspecific hybridization, thereby maintaining the species diversity in sympatric species in Lake Victoria.
The effects of morphine on venous tone in patients with acute pulmonary edema.
Authors: L A Vismara, D M Leaman, R Zelis
Journal: Circulation (1976)

In order to compare the venodilation effect of morphine in normal individuals (22) with that in patients (13) with heart failure morphine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg) was administered to 13 patients with mild pulmonary edema. After morphine congestive symptoms improved and venodilation was induced as determined by two independent techniques: venous pressure fell 10.2 mm Hg by the isolated hand technique and the venous volume of the forearm increased by 0.48 cc/100 ml, measured by equilibration technique. Neither finding differed from those in normal individuals. Reflex venoconstriction noted on the taking of a single deep breath was unaffected by morphine administration and was similar to that observed in normal subjects. Since the drug morphine sulfate does not cause a major pooling of blood in the limbs, the favorable effect of narcotics in patients with pulmonary edema must be caused by other mechanisms such as splanchnic pooling, afterload reduction or reduced breathing effort.
Upregulation of insulin-like growth factor II may be associated with metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma following transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: B.-C. Song, Y.-H. Chung, M.I. Park, S.H. Yang, J.A. Kim, I.R. Hong, W.B. Choi, S.S. Lee, S.A. Jung, H.K. Yoon, K.B. Sung, Y.S. Lee, D.J. Suh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
The natural history of pediatric-onset discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lisa M Arkin, Leah Ansell, Alfred Rademaker, Megan L Curran, Michael L Miller, Annette Wagner, Brandi M Kenner-Bell, Sarah L Chamlin, Anthony J Mancini, Marisa Klein-Gitelman, Amy S Paller
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Cytokines and the Brain: Implications for Clinical Psychiatry
Authors: Ziad Kronfol, Daniel G. Remick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews recent developments in cytokine biology that are relevant to clinical psychiatry.METHOD: The authors reviewed English-language literature of the last 15 years that pertains to the biology of cytokines with emphasis on central nervous system effects in general and psychiatric disorders in particular.RESULTS: Growing evidence suggests that, in addition to providing communication between immune cells, specific cytokines play a role in signaling the brain to produce neurochemical, neuroendocrine, neuroimmune, and behavioral changes. This signaling may be part of a generalized, comprehensive mechanism to mobilize resources in the face of physical and/or psychological stress and to maintain homeostasis. The clinical implications of these findings are far-reaching and include a possible role for cytokines in the pathophysiology of specific psychiatric disorders such as major depression, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. The effects of cytokines in the central nervous system may provide a possible mechanism for the “sickness behavior” of patients with severe infection or cancer, as well as for the neuropsychiatric adverse effects of treatment with interferons and interleukins.CONCLUSIONS: A better understanding of the role of cytokines in various brain activities will enhance knowledge of specific psychobiological mechanisms in health and disease and provide opportunities for novel treatment interventions.
Prognostic relevance of morphological types of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas
Authors: T. Furukawa, T. Hatori, I. Fujita, M. Yamamoto, M. Kobayashi, N. Ohike, T. Morohoshi, S. Egawa, M. Unno, S. Takao, M. Osako, S. Yonezawa, M. Mino-Kenudson, G. Y. Lauwers, H. Yamaguchi, S. Ban, M. Shimizu
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> The clinicopathological significance of four morphological types of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMNs; gastric, intestinal, pancreatobiliary and oncocytic) was assessed. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective multicentre analysis of 283 surgically resected IPMNs. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 283 IPMNs, 139 were of the gastric type, 101 were intestinal, 19 were pancreatobiliary and 24 were oncocytic. These types were significantly associated with clinicopathological factors including sex (p=0.0032), age (p=0.00924), ectatic duct size (p=0.0245), detection of mural nodules (p=4.09×10<sup>−6</sup>), histological grade (p&lt;2.20×10<sup>−16</sup>), macroscopic types with differential involvement of the pancreatic duct system (p=3.91×10<sup>−5</sup>), invasive phenotypes (p=3.34×10<sup>−12</sup>), stage (p&lt;2.20×10<sup>−16</sup>) and recurrence (p=0.00574). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significant differences in patient survival by morphological type (p=5.24×10<sup>−6</sup>). Survival rates at 5 and 10 years, respectively, were 0.937 (95% CI 0.892 to 0.984) for patients with gastric-type IPMNs; 0.886 (95% CI 0.813 to 0.965) and 0.685 (95% CI 0.553 to 0.849) for those with intestinal-type IPMNs; 0.839 (95% CI 0.684 to 1.000) and 0.734 (95% CI 0.526 to 1.000) for those with oncocytic-type IPMNs; and 0.520 (95% CI 0.298 to 0.909) and undetermined for those with pancreatobiliary-type IPMNs. Analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model comparing prognostic risks determined by stage and the morphological and macroscopic types indicated that staging was the most significant predictor of survival (p=3.68×10<sup>−8</sup>) followed by the morphological type (p=0.0435). Furthermore, the morphological type remained a significant predictor in a subcohort of invasive cases (p=0.0089). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this multicentre retrospective analysis, the morphological type of IPMN appears to be an independent predictor of patient prognosis.
Association of sleep characteristics with atrial fibrillation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Younghoon Kwon, Sina A Gharib, Mary L Biggs, David R Jacobs, Alvaro Alonso, Daniel Duprez, Joao Lima, Gen-Min Lin, Elsayed Z Soliman, Reena Mehra, Susan Redline, Susan R Heckbert
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Population-based studies have linked measures of sleep disordered breathing to nocturnally occurring atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes. Whether measures of sleep disordered breathing and sleep quality are associated with prevalent AF has not been studied in an unselected population. We investigated the cross-sectional association with prevalent AF of objectively collected prespecified measures of overnight sleep breathing disturbances, sleep stage distributions, arousal and sleep duration. <h3>Methods</h3> AF prevalence, defined by diagnosis codes, study electrocardiography and sleep study were examined among Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants who underwent polysomnography in the MESA Sleep Study (n=2048). <h3>Measurements and main results</h3> Higher apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) was associated with increased odds of AF, although the significance was attenuated after full adjustment for covariates including prevalent cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.22 (0.99 to 1.49) per SD (17/h), p=0.06). Analyses of sleep architecture measures and AF revealed significantly lower odds of AF associated with longer duration of slow wave sleep (OR: 0.66 (0.5 to 0.89) per SD (34 min), p=0.01) which persisted after additionally adjusting for AHI (OR: 0.68 (0.51 to 0.92), p=0.01). Higher sleep efficiency was significantly associated with lower likelihood of AF but the significance was lost when adjusted for AHI. No significant association was present between sleep duration and AF. In a model including AHI and arousal index, the association between AHI and AF was strengthened (AHI: OR 1.49 (1.15 to 1.91) per SD, p=0.002) and a significant inverse association between arousal index and AF was observed (OR 0.65 (0.50 to 0.86) per SD (12/h), p=0.005). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In a study of a large multiethnic population, AF was associated with AHI severity, and was more common in individuals with poor sleep quality as measured by reduced slow wave sleep time, a finding that was independent of AHI.
Randomized Effectiveness Trial of a Computer-Assisted Intervention to Improve Diabetes Care
Authors: Russell E. Glasgow, Paul A. Nutting, Diane K. King, Candace C. Nelson, Gary Cutter, Bridget Gaglio, Alanna Kulchak Rahm, Holly Whitesides
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—There is a well-documented gap between diabetes care guidelines and the services received by patients in most health care settings. This report presents 12-month follow-up results from a computer-assisted, patient-centered intervention to improve the level of recommended services patients received from a variety of primary care settings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 886 patients with type 2 diabetes under the care of 52 primary care physicians participated in the Diabetes Priority Program. Physicians were stratified and randomized to intervention or control conditions and evaluated on two primary outcomes: number of recommended laboratory screenings and recommended patient-centered care activities completed from the National Committee on Quality Assurance/American Diabetes Association Provider Recognition Program (PRP). Secondary outcomes were evaluated using the Problem Areas in Diabetes 2 quality of life scale, lipid and HbA1c levels, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression scale. RESULTS—The program was well implemented and significantly improved both the number of laboratory assays and patient-centered aspects of diabetes care patients received compared with those in the control condition. There was overall improvement on secondary outcomes of lipids, HbA1c, quality of life, and depression scores; between-condition differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS—Staff in small, mixed-payer primary care offices can consistently implement a patient-centered intervention to improve PRP measures of quality of diabetes care. Alternative explanations for why these process improvements did not lead to improved outcomes, and suggested directions for future research are discussed.
Triplication of a 21q22 region contributes to B cell transformation through HMGN1 overexpression and loss of histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation
Authors: Andrew A Lane, Bjoern Chapuy, Charles Y Lin, Trevor Tivey, Hubo Li, Elizabeth C Townsend, Diederik van Bodegom, Tovah A Day, Shuo-Chieh Wu, Huiyun Liu, Akinori Yoda, Gabriela Alexe, Anna C Schinzel, Timothy J Sullivan, Sébastien Malinge, Jordan E Taylor, Kimberly Stegmaier, Jacob D Jaffe, Michael Bustin, Geertruy te Kronnie, Shai Izraeli, Marian H Harris, Kristen E Stevenson, Donna Neuberg, Lewis B Silverman, Stephen E Sallan, James E Bradner, William C Hahn, John D Crispino, David Pellman, David M Weinstock
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
External Validation of a Biomarker-Based Preoperative Nomogram Predicts Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Shahrokh F. Shariat, Jochen Walz, Claus G. Roehrborn, Alexandre R. Zlotta, Paul Perrotte, Nazareno Suardi, Fred Saad, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Biomarker signatures currently are used in several malignancies to guide clinical decision making. Recently, preoperative plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interleukin-6 soluble receptor (IL6-SR) have improved the accuracy of a clinical nomogram that predicted biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. However, this model was never externally validated. We tested the accuracy of this nomogram in an independent, external cohort.Preoperative plasma levels of TGF-beta1 and IL6-SR were measured in 423 consecutive men who underwent radical prostatectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy and were used, along with preoperative prostate-specific antigen levels, biopsy Gleason sum, and clinical stage to determine nomogram-derived probabilities of biochemical recurrence-free survival at 5 years after radical prostatectomy. The accuracy of predictions was quantified with the area under the curve (AUC) and calibration plots that graphically displayed the nomogram's performance characteristics. The statistical significance of the difference between the biomarker nomogram and a model designed on the basis of clinical variables alone was tested by using the Mantel-Haenszel statistic.Biochemical recurrence-free survival at 5 years was 77.0% (95% CI, 72.0% to 82.0%). The biomarker-based nomogram was 87.9% accurate versus 71.1% for the nomogram designed on the basis of clinical variables alone (16.8% difference; P < .001). The performance characteristics of the biomarker-based nomogram were superior to those of the clinical nomogram.We confirm that plasma levels of TGF-beta1 and IL6-SR considerably enhance the accuracy of the standard preoperative nomogram for the prediction of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. This model further refines our ability to identify patients at a high risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.
Randomized Comparison of Stentless Versus Stented Valves for Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Diego Perez de Arenaza, Belinda Lees, Marcus Flather, Fiona Nugara, Trygve Husebye, Marek Jasinski, Marek Cisowski, Mohammed Khan, Michael Henein, Jullien Gaer, Levant Guvendik, Andrzej Bochenek, Stanislaw Wos, Mons Lie, Guido Van Nooten, Dudley Pennell, John Pepper
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the established treatment for severe aortic stenosis. In response to the long-term results of aortic homografts, stentless porcine valves were introduced as an alternative low-resistance valve. We conducted a randomized trial comparing a stentless with a stented porcine valve in adults with severe aortic stenosis.The primary outcome was change in left ventricular mass index (LVMI) measured by transthoracic echocardiography and, in a subset, by cardiovascular MR. Measurements were taken before valve replacement and at 6 and 12 months. Patients undergoing AVR with an aortic annulus < or =25 mm in diameter were randomly allocated to a stentless (n=93) or a stented supra-annular (n=97) valve. There were no significant differences in mean LVMI between the stentless versus stented groups at baseline (176+/-62 and 182+/-63 g/m2, respectively) or at 6 months (142+/-49 and 131+/-45 g/m2, respectively), although within-group changes from baseline to 6 months were highly significant. Changes in LVMI measured by cardiovascular MR (n=38) were consistent with the echo findings. There was a greater reduction in peak aortic velocity (P<0.001) and a greater increase in indexed effective orifice area (P<0.001) in the stentless group than in the stented group. There were no differences in clinical outcomes between the 2 valve groups.Despite significant differences in indexed effective orifice area and peak flow velocity in favor of the stentless valve, there were similar reductions in left ventricular mass at 6 months with both stented and stentless valves, which persisted at 12 months.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS OF THE RABBIT
Authors: David T. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

These observations have brought out three facts which may be stated briefly as follows. 1. An acute respiratory epidemic was incited by mucoid strains of Bact. lepisepticum of moderate and uniform virulence. 2. The epidemic was brought about not by an alteration in the virulence of the prevailing strains of Bact. lepisepticum but by a sudden distribution of virulent organisms among a susceptible population hitherto unexposed. 3. Individuals in this population showed different degrees of resistance to the infecting bacillus; some died from pneumonia and septicemia, while others localized the infection to the nasal passages. The significance of these facts has been discussed at length elsewhere (4).
The experience of breast pain (mastalgia) in female runners of the 2012 London Marathon and its effect on exercise behaviour
Authors: Nicola Brown, Jennifer White, Amanda Brasher, Joanna Scurr
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background For female marathon runners, breast pain (mastalgia) may be an important issue which has yet to be considered. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of mastalgia in female marathon runners, identify factors that increase mastalgia and methods used to overcome mastalgia, and explore the impact that mastalgia may have on marathon training. Methods 1397 female marathon runners were surveyed at the 2012 London Marathon Registration. All participants who completed the four-part, 30-question survey in its entirety have been included in the analysis (n=1285). Results 32% of participants experienced mastalgia. This was significantly related to cup size and was greater during vigorous compared with moderate physical activity. Exercise-related factors were the primary factors reported to increase mastalgia participation. Seventeen per cent of symptomatic participants reported that mastalgia affected their exercise behaviour. Methods reportedly used to overcome mastalgia included pain medication and firm breast support; however, 44% of participants took no measures to relieve symptoms despite over half describing their mastalgia as discomforting. Conclusions Mastalgia was experienced by a third of marathon runners and was found to be related to breast size which has previously been unreported. The link between exercise and mastalgia has yet to be established; however, this study identified that exercise was the most prevalent factor in mastalgia occurrence which may have implications for its management. The number of participants who took no measures to relieve their mastalgia, or resorted to pain medication, highlights the importance and significance of research into exercise-related mastalgia.
Impact of Thrombophilia on Risk of Arterial Ischemic Stroke or Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis in Neonates and Children
Authors: Gili Kenet, Lisa K. Lütkhoff, Manuela Albisetti, Timothy Bernard, Mariana Bonduel, Leonardo Brandao, Stephane Chabrier, Anthony Chan, Gabrielle deVeber, Barbara Fiedler, Heather J. Fullerton, Neil A. Goldenberg, Eric Grabowski, Gudrun Günther, Christine Heller, Susanne Holzhauer, Alfonso Iorio, Janna Journeycake, Ralf Junker, Fenella J. Kirkham, Karin Kurnik, John K. Lynch, Christoph Male, Marilyn Manco-Johnson, Rolf Mesters, Paul Monagle, C. Heleen van Ommen, Leslie Raffini, Kevin Rostásy, Paolo Simioni, Ronald D. Sträter, Guy Young, Ulrike Nowak-Göttl
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of thrombophilia on risk of first childhood stroke through a meta-analysis of published observational studies. Methods and Results— A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library) for studies published from 1970 to 2009 was conducted. Data on year of publication, study design, country of origin, number of patients/control subjects, ethnicity, stroke type (arterial ischemic stroke [AIS], cerebral venous sinus thrombosis [CSVT]) were abstracted. Publication bias indicator and heterogeneity across studies were evaluated, and summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with fixed-effects or random-effects models. Twenty-two of 185 references met inclusion criteria. Thus, 1764 patients (arterial ischemic stroke [AIS], 1526; cerebral sinus venous thrombosis [CSVT], 238) and 2799 control subjects (neonate to 18 years of age) were enrolled. No significant heterogeneity was discerned across studies, and no publication bias was detected. A statistically significant association with first stroke was demonstrated for each thrombophilia trait evaluated, with no difference found between AIS and CSVT. Summary ORs (fixed-effects model) were as follows: antithrombin deficiency, 7.06 (95% CI, 2.44 to 22.42); protein C deficiency, 8.76 (95% CI, 4.53 to 16.96); protein S deficiency, 3.20 (95% CI, 1.22 to 8.40), factor V G1691A, 3.26 (95% CI, 2.59 to 4.10); factor II G20210A, 2.43 (95% CI, 1.67 to 3.51); MTHFR C677T (AIS), 1.58 (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.08); antiphospholipid antibodies (AIS), 6.95 (95% CI, 3.67 to 13.14); elevated lipoprotein(a), 6.27 (95% CI, 4.52 to 8.69), and combined thrombophilias, 11.86 (95% CI, 5.93 to 23.73). In the 6 exclusively perinatal AIS studies, summary ORs were as follows: factor V, 3.56 (95% CI, 2.29 to 5.53); and factor II, 2.02 (95% CI, 1.02 to 3.99). Conclusions— The present meta-analysis indicates that thrombophilias serve as risk factors for incident stroke. However, the impact of thrombophilias on outcome and recurrence risk needs to be further investigated.