tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lysis of human melanoma cells by autologous cytolytic T cell clones. Identification of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen A2 as a restriction element for three different antigens.
Authors: T Wölfel, E Klehmann, C Müller, K H Schütt, K H Meyer zum Büschenfelde, A Knuth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

From the peripheral blood of the melanoma patient (AV), we derived cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones that lysed the autologous tumor line SK-MEL-29, but not autologous EBV-B cells, K562, and other tumor targets. By immunoselection experiments it was shown that the CTL clones recognized at least three different antigens on the autologous tumor cells. We demonstrate here that these melanoma antigens are presented to the CTL in association with HLA-A2. First, HLA-A2-reactive pregnancy sera as well as an mAb against HLA-A2 inhibited the CTL lysis. Second, immunoselected melanoma subclones that were resistant to lysis by CTL clones against the three antigens described were found to lack expression of HLA-A2. By sensitizing the patient's lymphocytes against an HLA-A2- melanoma clone, we established a new series of CTL clones recognizing autologous AV melanoma cells. However, efficient lysis was only seen when target cells were pretreated with IFN-gamma. The lytic activity of these CTL was selectively inhibited by an mAb against a common HLA-B determinant. These results indicate that in addition to HLA-A2, other class I antigens are involved in the recognition of AV melanoma cells by autologous CTL.
Only fibres promoting a stable butyrate producing colonic ecosystem decrease the rate of aberrant crypt foci in rats
Authors: P Perrin
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Dietary fibres have been proposed as protective agents against colon cancer but results of both epidemiological and experimental studies are inconclusive. <h3>AIMS</h3> Hypothesising that protection against colon cancer may be restricted to butyrate producing fibres, we investigated the factors needed for long term stable butyrate production and its relation to susceptibility to colon cancer. <h3>METHODS</h3> A two part randomised blinded study in rats, mimicking a prospective study in humans, was performed using a low fibre control diet (CD) and three high fibre diets: starch free wheat bran (WB), type III resistant starch (RS), and short chain fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). Using a randomised block design, 96 inbred rats were fed for two, 16, 30, or 44 days to determine the period of adaptation to the diets, fermentation profiles, and effects on the colon, including mucosal proliferation on day 44. Subsequently, 36 rats fed the same diets for 44 days were injected with azoxymethane and checked for aberrant crypt foci 30 days later. <h3>RESULTS</h3> After fermentation had stabilised (44 days), only RS and FOS produced large amounts of butyrate, with a trophic effect in the large intestine. No difference in mucosal proliferation between the diets was noted at this time. In the subsequent experiment one month later, fewer aberrant crypt foci were present in rats fed high butyrate producing diets (RS, p=0.022; FOS, p=0.043). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> A stable butyrate producing colonic ecosystem related to selected fibres appears to be less conducive to colon carcinogenesis.
Gene expression of epithelial glucose transporters
Authors: J H Dominguez, B Song, L Maianu, W T Garvey, M Qulali
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

The functions of absorption of dietary glucose by the small intestine and reabsorption of filtered glucose by the renal proximal tubule are strikingly similar in their organization and in the way they adapt to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. In both cases, transepithelial glucose and Na+ fluxes are augmented. The epithelial adaptations to hyperglycemia of uncontrolled diabetes are accomplished by increasing the glucose transport surface area and the number of the efflux glucose transporter GLUT2 located in the basolateral membrane. The signals that modify the size of the epithelium and the overexpression of basolateral GLUT2 are not known. It was speculated that high glucose levels and enhanced Na+ flux may be important factors in the signaling event that culminates in a renal and intestinal epithelium that is modified to transport higher rates of glucose against a higher extracellular level of glucose.
In vivo tracking of 'color-coded' effector, natural and induced regulatory T cells in the allograft response
Authors: Zhigang Fan, Joel A Spencer, Yan Lu, Costas M Pitsillides, Gurbakhshish Singh, Pilhan Kim, Seok H Yun, Vasilis Toxavidis, Terry B Strom, Charles P Lin, Maria Koulmanda
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Efficacy of the Telemedicine for Reach, Education, Access, and Treatment (TREAT) Model for Diabetes Care
Authors: Frederico G.S. Toledo, Kristine Ruppert, Kimberly A. Huber, Linda M. Siminerio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Videoconferencing-based telemedicine services have the potential to address the problem of poor access to diabetes specialists in remote rural communities. However, evidence of efficacy of telemedicine services on HbA1c in the rural setting has been quite limited. We created the Telemedicine for Reach, Education, Access, and Treatment (TREAT) model—a system that combines videoconferencing consultations provided by an endocrinologist at an urban center in collaboration with a local diabetes educator. In this study, we tested the efficacy of TREAT on HbA1c control.

Protocols were approved by the local institutional review board. Volunteers with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c >7.0% and residing within a medically underserved rural Pennsylvania community were recruited. Referral, recruitment, and telemedicine consultations between urban and rural sites were conducted as in one of our previous studies (1). Seventy-one patients were referred, of which 40 expressed an interest in participating. Thirty-one patients consented and enrolled; two withdrew and four were lost to follow-up between the first and second follow-up assessment.

At each telemedicine visit at the rural site, participants were assisted by the local diabetes nurse educator. Each participant underwent a telemedicine visit with an urban center–based endocrinologist at baseline and 3 months later for adjustments in therapy. HbA1c was measured at baseline, 3 months (first follow-up), and 6 months (second follow-up). Before enrollment, TREAT participants were not consistently self-monitoring …
Superfund: Evaluating the Impact of Executive Order 12898
Authors: Sandra George O’Neil
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) addresses uncontrolled and abandoned hazardous waste sites throughout the country. Sites that are perceived to be a significant threat to both surrounding populations and the environment can be placed on the U.S. EPA Superfund list and qualify for federal cleanup funds. The equitability of the Superfund program has been questioned; the representation of minority and low-income populations in this cleanup program is lower than would be expected. Thus, minorities and low-income populations may not be benefiting proportionately from this environmental cleanup program. In 1994 President Clinton signed Executive Order 12898 requiring that the U.S. EPA and other federal agencies implement environmental justice policies. These policies were to specifically address the disproportionate environmental effects of federal programs and policies on minority and low-income populations.
Modifications of Cardiac Autonomic Profile Associated With a Shift Schedule of Work
Authors: Raffaello Furlan, Franca Barbic, Simona Piazza, Mauro Tinelli, Paolo Seghizzi, Alberto Malliani
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Shift work is associated with an increased rate of cardiovascular diseases and accidents. Discordance between circadian rhythms of stress-related biological variables and the work-sleep schedule might explain the reduced efficiency of work. It is not clear whether a shift schedule of work may induce similar discordance in the 24-hour oscillatory pattern of the cardiac autonomic control in respect to the work-sleep periods.Twenty-two healthy male blue-collar shift workers underwent 24-hour ECG recordings during each of the 3 different shifts (first, 6 AM to 2 PM; second, 2 to 10 PM; third, 10 PM to 6 AM). Spectral analysis of heart rate variability over 24 hours provided the normalized markers of cardiac sympathetic (LF(nu)) and vagal (HF(nu)) modulation of the sinoatrial node activity and of the sympathovagal balance (LF/HF). LF(nu) and LF/HF exhibited 24-hour oscillations with different times of maximum and minimum in accordance with the working and sleeping periods, respectively. Lower values of LF(nu) and LF/HF suggestive of a reduced cardiac sympathetic modulation were present when the job task was performed at night compared with the values observed when the work was performed during morning and evening.Continuous weekly changes of time of maximum and minimum in the cardiac sympathetic and vagal autonomic control may play a role in the excessive rate of cardiovascular diseases in shift workers. The reduced values of the indexes of cardiac sympathetic modulation during night work might be related to the presence of sleepiness or diminished alertness, which in turn could facilitate errors and accidents.
The pain of venous cannulation
Authors: M. Petrou
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Erdheim-Chester diseaseDr Lee and his colleagues (April 2005 JRSM 1 ) describe a case of renal failure in which the radiographic appearance of bone pointed to Erdheim-Chester disease, a histiocytosis.Among the organs affected in this condition they mention pericardium.We think it important to emphasize the frequency with which heart, pericardium and great vessels are affected.Recording 6 new patients with cardiovascular involvement, Haroche et al. 2 have reviewed all 178 reported cases of Erdheim-Chester disease.56% had periaortic fibrosis, 44% pericardial infiltration and/or effusions and 31% myocardial infiltration.Interestingly, 6 patients had a right atrial myxoma.Of the 58 patients with follow-up data, 31% died from cardiovascular complications.
Lack of impact of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid on kidney function in type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.
Authors: H P Hansen, P H Gaede, B R Jensen, H H Parving
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: High-dose treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors reduces urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) in type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. This effect may lead to an incorrect classification of albuminuria (normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria) and jeopardize the monitoring of antiproteinuric treatment (e.g., ACE inhibition). Whether similar difficulties exist using low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), now widely recommended for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in type 1 diabetic patients with micro- and macroalbuminuria, remains to be elucidated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a randomized double-blind crossover trial in 17 type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (urinary AER 30-300 mg/24 h). Patients were given ASA (150 mg/daily) for 4 weeks followed by placebo for 4 weeks with at least a 2-week washout period in random order. At the end of each treatment period, AER (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA), blood pressure (BP) (Hawksley), and HbA1c (by high-performance liquid chromatography) were measured. Patients were advised to follow a normal diabetes diet without sodium restriction and received their usual antihypertensive treatment during the investigation. RESULTS: During the study (ASA vs. placebo), urinary AER (geometric mean 64 [95% CI 39-105] vs. 59 [40-87] mg/24 h), GFR (mean 106 [93-118] vs. 104 [90-117] ml x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2)), systolic BP (mean 130 [119-141] vs. 130 [119-142] mmHg), diastolic BP (mean 71 [65-78] vs. 71 [64-78] mmHg), and HbA1c (mean 8.4% [8.0-9.0] vs. 8.5% [8.1-9.0]) remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with 150 mg ASA daily does not have any impact on AER or GFR in type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Consequently, primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events with low-dose ASA does not interfere with the classification of AER or monitoring of antiproteinuric treatment in such patients.
Adherence to Preventive Medications
Authors: Elizabeth A. Walker, Mark Molitch, M. Kaye Kramer, Steven Kahn, Yong Ma, Sharon Edelstein, Kellie Smith, Mariana Kiefer Johnson, Abbas Kitabchi, Jill Crandall
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

To evaluate barriers to and strategies for medication adherence and predictors of adherence and the primary outcome in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).Within a randomized, controlled primary prevention study for type 2 diabetes, we collected data on study medication adherence, its predictors, and health outcomes in 27 clinical centers across mainland U.S. and Hawaii. Medication arm participants included 2,155 adults with impaired glucose tolerance randomly assigned to either metformin or matched placebo treatment arms. Structured interviews were used to promote medication adherence and to collect data regarding adherence. Adherence was measured by pill count. The primary DPP outcome of type 2 diabetes was assessed by fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance test.Older age-groups were more adherent than the youngest group (P = 0.01) in the metformin group. The most frequently reported barrier to adherence was "forgetting" (22%). Women reported more adverse effects of metformin (15 vs. 10%, P = 0.002) in the metformin group. Odds of nonadherence increased as participants reported more than one barrier (odds ratio 19.1, P < 0.001). Odds of adherence increased as participants reported multiple strategies to take medication (2.69, P < 0.0001). There was a 38.2% risk reduction for developing diabetes for those adherent to metformin compared with those adherent to placebo (P < 0.0003).DPP medication adherence results are unique in primary prevention for a chronic disease in a large multiethnic sample. Our finding that adherence was associated with risk reduction for diabetes supports the development of brief interventions in clinical settings where medication adherence is a challenge.
Initial experience with a new 8 French compatible directional coronary atherectomy catheter: a comparison with GTO device
Authors: Takuro Takagi, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Goran Stankovic, Remo Albiero, Nicola Corvaja, Bernhard Reimers, Alessandro Alberti, Carlo Di Mario, Massimo Ferraro, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Regulation of Thalamocortical Patterning and Synaptic Maturation by NeuroD2
Authors: Gulayse Ince-Dunn, Benjamin J. Hall, Shu-Ching Hu, Beth Ripley, Richard L. Huganir, James M. Olson, Stephen J. Tapscott, Anirvan Ghosh
Journal: Neuron (2006)
Biology of Bone Cancer Pain
Authors: Michael J. Goblirsch, Pawel P. Zwolak, Denis R. Clohisy
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Bone cancer pain is a devastating manifestation of metastatic cancer. Unfortunately, current therapies can be ineffective, and when they are effective, the duration of the patient's survival typically exceeds the duration of pain relief. New, mechanistically based therapies are desperately needed. Study of experimental animal models has provided insight into the mechanisms that drive bone cancer pain and provides an opportunity for developing targeted therapies. Mechanisms that drive bone cancer pain include tumor-directed osteoclast-mediated osteolysis, tumor cells themselves, tumor-induced nerve injury, stimulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 ion channel, endothelin A, and host cell production of nerve growth factor. Current and future therapies include external beam radiation, osteoclast-targeted inhibiting agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 antagonists, and antibody therapies that target nerve growth factor or tumor angiogenesis. It is likely that a combination of these therapies will be superior to any one therapy alone.
Lung cancer screening and smoking abstinence: 2 year follow-up data from the Dutch-Belgian randomised controlled lung cancer screening trial
Authors: C. M. van der Aalst, K. A. M. van den Bergh, M. C. Willemsen, H. J. de Koning, R. J. van Klaveren
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Lung cancer screening may provide a new opportunity for attempts to quit among smokers or might delay smoking cessation, but studies to date failed to provide evidence for this. This study investigated the effect of lung cancer screening on smoking abstinence in male smokers participating in the Dutch–Belgian randomised controlled lung cancer screening trial (NELSON trial). <h3>Methods</h3> In the NELSON trial, 50- to 75-year-old participants at high risk for developing lung cancer were randomised to either lung cancer screening or no screening. Smoking behaviour was evaluated in two random samples of male smokers in the screen (n=641) and control arm (n=643) before (T0) and 2 years after randomisation (T1). In addition, the data were also analysed by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, as recommended in smoking cessation intervention trials, although non-response in screening trials can also be due to reasons other than continued smoking. <h3>Results</h3> Almost 17% (16.6%) of the trial participants quit smoking, which is higher than the 3–7% found in the general adult population. However, screening was associated with a lower prolonged abstinence rate (14.5%) compared with no screening (19.1%) (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.92; p&lt;0.05). No stastistically significant difference was found after performing an ITT analysis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study showed that all trial participants were inclined to stop smoking more than average, which suggests that screening is a teachable moment to improve smoking behaviour. In those who underwent screening the smoking abstinence rate was significantly lower than for the control group, although the difference was modest. After ITT analysis this difference was no longer observed. <h3>Clinical trial number</h3> ISRCTN63545820.
Cleaning, Storage, and Repeated Use of Twin Coil Dialyzing Units
Authors: Caroline E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Hemodialysis for chronic renal failure is an expensive means of prolonging life.1With twin coil dialyzers the cost per dialysis is less if the coil and arterial set is reused. In the Madison, Wis, and Portland, Ore, Veterans Administration Hospital dialysis units, we have reduced the cost of expendable items to about $12 per dialysis by cleaning and reusing coils. The method is simple, safe, and does not alter the effectiveness of the coil.  Methods.—  We use either the Travenol 100-liter tank single canister model or the Travenol recirculating single pass 120-liter tank unit (RSP), together with the Travenol 190 twin coil.  Cleaning and Storage.—  After dialysis, the coil is removed and placed on its side in the canister of the RSP or the half-drained 100-liter tank. One liter of sterile normal sodium chloride solution containing 10 mg heparin sodium displaces 2 units of blood into bottles containing anticoagulant
Survival Without Disability to Age 5 Years After Neonatal Caffeine Therapy for Apnea of Prematurity
Authors: Barbara Schmidt, Peter J Anderson, Lex W Doyle, Deborah Dewey, Ruth E Grunau, Elizabeth V Asztalos, Peter G Davis, Win Tin, Diane Moddemann, Alfonso Solimano, Arne Ohlsson, Keith J Barrington, Robin S Roberts
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Very preterm infants are prone to apnea and have an increased risk of death or disability. Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity reduces the rates of cerebral palsy and cognitive delay at 18 months of age.To determine whether neonatal caffeine therapy has lasting benefits or newly apparent risks at early school age.Five-year follow-up from 2005 to 2011 in 31 of 35 academic hospitals in Canada, Australia, Europe, and Israel, where 1932 of 2006 participants (96.3%) had been enrolled in the randomized, placebo-controlled Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity trial between 1999 and 2004. A total of 1640 children (84.9%) with birth weights of 500 to 1250 g had adequate data for the main outcome at 5 years.Combined outcome of death or survival to 5 years with 1 or more of motor impairment (defined as a Gross Motor Function Classification System level of 3 to 5), cognitive impairment (defined as a Full Scale IQ<70), behavior problems, poor general health, deafness, and blindness.The combined outcome of death or disability was not significantly different for the 833 children assigned to caffeine from that for the 807 children assigned to placebo (21.1% vs 24.8%; odds ratio adjusted for center, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.65-1.03; P = .09). The rates of death, motor impairment, behavior problems, poor general health, deafness, and blindness did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. The incidence of cognitive impairment was lower at 5 years than at 18 months and similar in the 2 groups (4.9% vs 5.1%; odds ratio adjusted for center, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.61-1.55; P = .89).Neonatal caffeine therapy was no longer associated with a significantly improved rate of survival without disability in children with very low birth weights who were assessed at 5 years.
Values of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and elastase 1 in diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.
Authors: M Tatsuta, H Yamamura, S Noguchi, M Ichii, H Iishi, S Okuda
Journal: Gut (1984)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and elastase 1 in the serum were determined by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay, respectively, in 224 healthy subjects, 49 patients with pancreatitis, 53 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and 129 patients with cancer in other organs. The CEA concentrations in the serum were significantly higher in patients with pancreatic carcinoma than in those with pancreatitis, but this concentration was not a satisfactory indicator of pancreatic carcinoma localised to allow irradication by resection as it was raised in only 47% of the patients. High CEA concentrations were also slightly, but not significantly, more frequent in patients with cancer of the pancreatic body or tail, and unresectable cancer or cancer of more than 6.0 cm in longest diameter than in those with cancer of the pancreatic head, resectable cancer or cancer of less than 6.0 cm diameter. Serum elastase 1 was raised in only 42% of the patients with pancreatic carcinoma and could not be used to distinguish patients with pancreatic carcinoma from those with pancreatitis. In contrast with CEA, however, its concentration was abnormally high significantly more frequently in patients with cancer of less than 6.0 cm in longest diameter than in those with larger tumours. It was also raised slightly, but not significantly, more frequently in those with cancer of the pancreatic head and in patients with resectable cancer than in those with unresectable cancer. A combination of these two tests raised the diagnostic rate of pancreatic carcinoma to 77% without a remarkable decrease in the specificity for pancreatic carcinoma. In particular, it raised the diagnostic rates of cases of cancer of the pancreatic head, resectable cancer and cancers of less than 3.0 cm and 3.0-6.0 cm in longest diameter. Therefore, a combination of measurements of CEA and elastase 1 in the serum is very useful for early detection of pancreatic carcinoma.