tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Receptor Classification for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Comparison With Clinical Staging Systems
Authors: Erica Villa, Alessandra Colantoni, Calogero Cammà, Antonella Grottola, Paola Buttafoco, Roberta Gelmini, Ilva Ferretti, Federico Manenti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Several scoring systems to evaluate patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exist. A good scoring system should provide information on prognosis and guide therapeutic decisions. The presence of variant liver estrogen receptor (ER) transcripts in the tumor has been shown to be the strongest negative predictor of survival in HCC. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive value of the commonly applied clinical scoring systems for survival of patients with HCC with that of the evaluation of ER in patients with HCC (molecular scoring system). Materials and Methods: HCC was staged according to the Okuda classification, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification, Italian classification system (CLIP), French classification, and ER status in 96 patients. Analysis of survival was performed according to the Kaplan-Maier test and was made for each classification system and ER. A comparison between classifications was made by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Among the clinical classification systems, only the CLIP was able to identify patient populations with good, intermediate, and poor prognosis. On multivariate analysis, ER classification was shown to be the best predictive classification for survival of patients with HCC (P &lt;.0001). This difference was the result of a better allocation of patients with ominous prognosis (variant ER) having nevertheless good clinical score. Conclusion: The evaluation of the presence of wild-type or variant ER transcripts in the tumor is the best predictor of survival in patients with HCC. Its accuracy in discriminating patients with good or unfavorable prognosis is significantly greater than that of the commonly used scoring systems for the staging of HCC.
Are we currently underestimating the risk of scrum-related neck injuries in rugby union front-row players?
Authors: James C Brown, Mike I Lambert, Sharief Hendricks, Clint Readhead, Evert Verhagen, Nicholas Burger, Wayne Viljoen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

To understand the risk of incurring a particular rugby injury, and to identify risk factors related to this injury, it is necessary to know the injury counts and the time that the players are exposed to the risk of sustaining that injury.1 The latter poses an interesting debate with respect to the scrum as there are various ways in which the exposure can be expressed. While they are not the only two methods, 'exposure' in sports injury epidemiology has often been calculated either by the 'Athlete at risk' method or the 'Athlete participation' method.2 ![Formula][1]</img>![Formula][2]</img> The 'athlete participation' method is sometimes the only way to calculate injury incidence rates for certain investigations, such as for catastrophic injury risk,3 in which data are mainly collected retrospectively. However, this method typically underestimates injury rates as the exact time at risk is not quantified.2 Where match time is recorded, the current consensus statement for the surveillance of injuries in rugby union4 provides a formula for the calculation of match exposure. This consensus statement, which defines terms and preferred methodology, has significantly advanced the quality of research on injuries associated with rugby union by offering guidelines for a standardised approach, enabling universal comparison of injury risk and risk factors.5 For the majority of rugby union epidemiological studies, it is assumed that within one team ( Team A ) 15 players (the number of players per team on the field at one time) are at risk for Y minutes (80 min for senior level) over Z number of matches during a season/tournament.1 ,4 This exposure calculation assumes that all 15 players of the team are at equal risk of injury during this time: Y (minutes of match) ×Z (number of matches). However, the 15 players are comprised of two broad positional groupings: … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/graphic-2.gif
Ratio of Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity to F-Wave Conduction Velocity in Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Kimiko Ohgaki, Koji Nakano, Hirofumi Shigeta, Yoshihiro Kitagawa, Naoto Nakamura, Kazuhide Iwamoto, Masahiro Makino, Yoshiaki Takanashi, Shizuo Kajiyama, Motoharu Kondo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To investigate the usefulness of a new parameter, the ratio of motor nerve conduction velocity to F-wave conduction velocity (M/F ratio), for the differential diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.Nerve conduction studies were conducted in 95 patients with diabetic neuropathy, 44 nondiabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy, and 24 normal control subjects. Nondiabetic patients with neuropathy were grouped by clinical diagnosis as follows: segmental demyelination (n = 15), axonal neuropathy (n = 11), alcoholic polyneuropathy (n = 4), and other polyneuropathy (n = 14). Motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) of post-tibial nerves, sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) of sural nerves, and F-wave conduction velocity (FWCV) of post-tibial nerves were measured by standardized techniques. The M/F ratio was calculated from these measurements.The MCV and SCV of diabetic patients were significantly slower and the M/F ratio was significantly lower than those of normal subjects: MCV, 43.7 +/- 5.4 vs. 47.1 +/- 2.9 m/s, P < 0.001; SCV, 44.7 +/- 11.1 vs. 48.3 +/- 5.7 m/s, P < 0.05; M/F ratio, 0.84 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.90 +/- 0.06, P < 0.001. The FWCV of nondiabetic patients with neuropathy was significantly slower (40.0 +/- 6.3 vs. 48.3 +/- 4.0 m/s, P < 0.001) and the M/F ratio was significantly higher (1.04 +/- 0.12, P < 0.001) than that of normal subjects, respectively. Although MCV, SCV, and FWCV were correlated with age in normal control subjects, the M/F ratio was independent of age in the diabetic as well as the nondiabetic patients with neuropathy.Results suggest that the M/F ratio, which is influenced by the neuronal damages in the distal segment of peripheral nerves, is useful in the differential diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.
The Initial Hours of Metastasis: The Importance of Cooperative Host–Tumor Cell Interactions during Hematogenous Dissemination
Authors: Myriam Labelle, Richard O. Hynes
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2012)

Abstract Tumor cells transit from the primary tumor via the blood circulation to form metastases in distant organs. During this process, tumor cells encounter a number of environmental challenges and stimuli that profoundly impact their metastatic potential. Here, we review the cooperative and dynamic host–tumor cell interactions that support and promote the hematogenous dissemination of cancer cells to sites of distant metastasis. In particular, we discuss what is known about the cross-talk occurring among tumor cells, platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells and how these cell–cell interactions are organized both temporally and spatially at sites of extravasation and in the early metastatic niche. Significance: Metastasis is a function not only of tumor cells but also involves cooperative interactions of those cells with normal cells of the body, in particular platelets and leukocytes. These other cell types alter the behavior of the tumor cells themselves and of endothelial cells lining the vasculature and assist in tumor cell arrest and extravasation at sites of metastasis and subsequently in the establishment of tumor cells in the early metastatic niche. A better understanding of the important role that these contact and paracrine interactions play during metastasis will offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Discov; 2(12); 1091–9. ©2012 AACR.
The use of a vasodilator, felodipine, as an adjuvant to long-term oxygen treatment in COLD patients
Authors: T Bratel, G Hedenstierna, O Nyquist, E Ripe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Eight patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and pulmonary hypertension were given an infusion of a calcium antagonist, felodipine, during ongoing, long-term oxygen treatment (LTOT). The effects on central haemodynamics and ventilation-perfusion matching were studied. At rest pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances (PVR and SVR) were reduced by 18% (NS) and 26% (p less than 0.05), respectively. Cardiac output increased by 23%. There was a tendency to increased perfusion of low alveolar ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) areas (VA/Q less than 0.1) and to increased shunt compared to pretreatment values. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) fell by 0.7 kPa (p less than 0.001) but total oxygen transport increased by 23% (p less than 0.001). After treatment with oral felodipine (7.5-15 mg.day-1) for a mean time of 14 wks, PVR and SVR were reduced by 16% (p less than 0.05) and 7% (NS), respectively, as compared to pretreatment values at rest. Cardiac output rose by 13%. The VA/Q ratios and the PaO2 returned towards pretreatment values. The total oxygen transport increased by 11% (p less than 0.05) at rest and increased by 19% (p less than 0.05) during exercise as compared to the pretreatment value. The positive effect on central haemodynamics indicates that felodipine may be a valuable adjunct to ongoing LTOT.
Autonomous and Growth Factor–Induced Hypertrophy in Cultured Neonatal Mouse Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Xing-Fei Deng, D. Gregg Rokosh, Paul C. Simpson
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes have been used extensively to study cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy. However, there are only a few studies in cultured mouse myocytes despite the increasing use of genetically engineered mouse models of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we characterized hypertrophic responses in low-density, serum-free cultures of neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes and compared them with rat myocytes. In mouse myocyte cultures, triiodothyronine (T3), norepinephrine (NE) through a β-adrenergic receptor, and leukemia inhibitory factor induced hypertrophy by a 20% to 30% increase in [ 3 H]phenylalanine-labeled protein content. T3 and NE also increased α-myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNA and reduced β-MyHC. In contrast, hypertrophic stimuli in rat myocytes, including α 1 -adrenergic agonists, endothelin-1, prostaglandin F 2α , interleukin 1β, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), had no effect on mouse myocyte protein content. In further contrast with the rat, none of these agents increased atrial natriuretic factor or β-MyHC mRNAs. Acute PMA signaling was intact by extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and immediate-early gene (fos/jun) activation. Remarkably, mouse but not rat myocytes had hypertrophy in the absence of added growth factors, with increases in cell area, protein content, and the mRNAs for atrial natriuretic factor and β-MyHC. We conclude that mouse myocytes have a unique autonomous hypertrophy. On this background, T3, NE, and leukemia inhibitory factor activate hypertrophy with different mRNA phenotypes, but certain Gq- and protein kinase C–coupled agonists do not.
Aromatase Inhibitor–Induced Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Results From the ATAC Trial
Authors: Ivana Sestak, Francisco Sapunar, Jack Cuzick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition in which the median nerve is compressed, leading to pain and muscle weakness in the fingers and hand. Aromatase inhibitors lead to profound estrogen suppression and may be expected to increase the risk of CTS in postmenopausal women receiving adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer. Patients and Methods The current analyses were based on the 100-month median follow-up data in postmenopausal women in the two monotherapy arms (anastrozole, n = 3,092; tamoxifen, n = 3,094). Here, we investigate the natural history of patients who presented with CTS during adjuvant treatment for breast cancer and the relative importance of a range of known risk factors for CTS. Results After 100 months of follow-up, 80 cases (2.6%) of CTS were reported in the anastrozole arm, compared with 23 cases (0.7%) in the tamoxifen arm (P &lt; .0001). The majority of CTS cases were reported as mild to moderate intensity and occurred early. None of the women stopped treatment medication as a result of CTS. CTS was significantly increased for women who used prior hormone replacement therapy (P = .007) or received prior chemotherapy (P = .01). Those who were 60 years of age or older at entry were at lower risk of CTS compared with their counterparts (P = .002). Conclusion Although the use of anastrozole is associated with a greater incidence of CTS, it is rare, and most cases were of mild to moderate intensity and short duration. CTS has little impact on the overall risk-to-benefit ratio for the use of anastrozole in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer.
The Influence of Respiratory Gas Mixtures on Arterial Pressure and Vascular Reactivity in "Normal" and Hypertensive Dogs
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, FREDERICK OLMSTED
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The reactivity of the vascular tree to chemical stimuli is of fundamental importance in both hypertension and shock. Refractoriness and hypotension can be elicited by stimuli arising in the sympathetic ganglions as a result of their stimulation by carbon dioxide. "Total" autonomic ganglionectomy thus prevents the appearance of refractoriness and aids in production of the supernormal hypotensive response to carbon dioxide. Dogs with renal experimental hypertension differ from those with neurogenic hypertension in that they react normally to carbon dioxide and several other vasoactive substances. The neurogenic hypertensives exhibit greatly heightened depressor responses and hence vasomotor activity. The mechanism for refractoriness is intact in both groups of animals and does not appear overactive in either. The neurogenic mechanism for the production of refractoriness is lost in the sympathectomized animal.
ΔNp63 Versatilely Regulates a Broad<i>NF-κB</i>Gene Program and Promotes Squamous Epithelial Proliferation, Migration, and Inflammation
Authors: Xinping Yang, Hai Lu, Bin Yan, Rose-Anne Romano, Yansong Bian, Jay Friedman, Praveen Duggal, Clint Allen, Ryan Chuang, Reza Ehsanian, Han Si, Satrajit Sinha, Carter Van Waes, Zhong Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and many other epithelial malignancies exhibit increased proliferation, invasion, and inflammation, concomitant with aberrant nuclear activation of TP53 and NF-κB family members ΔNp63, cRel, and RelA. However, the mechanisms of cross-talk by which these transcription factors coordinate gene expression and the malignant phenotype remain elusive. In this study, we showed that ΔNp63 regulates a cohort of genes involved in cell growth, survival, adhesion, and inflammation, which substantially overlaps with the NF-κB transcriptome. ΔNp63 with cRel and/or RelA are recruited to form novel binding complexes on p63 or NF-κB/Rel sites of multitarget gene promoters. Overexpressed ΔNp63- or TNF-α-induced NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) reporter activation depended on RelA/cRel regulatory binding sites. Depletion of RelA or ΔNp63 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibited NF-κB-specific, or TNF-α-induced IL-8 reporter activation. ΔNp63 siRNA significantly inhibited proliferation, survival, and migration by HNSCC cells in vitro. Consistent with these data, an increase in nuclear ΔNp63, accompanied by increased proliferation (Ki-67) and adhesion (β4 integrin) markers, and induced inflammatory cell infiltration was observed throughout HNSCC specimens, when compared with the basilar pattern of protein expression and minimal inflammation seen in nonmalignant mucosa. Furthermore, overexpression of ΔNp63α in squamous epithelial cells in transgenic mice leads to increased suprabasilar cRel, Ki-67, and cytokine expression, together with epidermal hyperplasia and diffuse inflammation, similar to HNSCC. Our study reveals ΔNp63 as a master transcription factor that, in coordination with NF-κB/Rels, orchestrates a broad gene program promoting epidermal hyperplasia, inflammation, and the malignant phenotype of HNSCC.
Shared Genetic Susceptibility to Breast Cancer, Brain Tumors, and Fanconi Anemia
Authors: K. Offit, O. Levran, B. Mullaney, K. Mah, K. Nafa, S. D. Batish, R. Diotti, H. Schneider, A. Deffenbaugh, T. Scholl, V. K. Proud, M. Robson, L. Norton, N. Ellis, H. Hanenberg, A. D. Auerbach
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Fanconi anemia is an inherited disease characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital malformations, and predisposition to cancer. The breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 was recently found to be associated with Fanconi anemia complementation group D1 (FA-D1). We examined four kindreds afflicted with Fanconi anemia for the presence of germline BRCA2 mutations. One kindred, of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, had five members who were diagnosed with breast cancer and two cousins who were BRCA2*6174delT/C3069X compound heterozygotes and had Fanconi anemia and brain tumors. In another kindred of Ashkenazi Jewish and Lithuanian Catholic ancestry, a child with Fanconi anemia and a medulloblastoma was a BRCA2*6174delT/886delGT compound heterozygote. Two other kindreds each contained a Fanconi anemia–afflicted child who developed medulloblastoma; one child was of Latin American ancestry and a compound heterozygote for BRCA2*I2490T/ 5301insA and the other was African American and a compound heterozygote for BRCA2*Q3066X/E1308X. Median age of the Fanconi anemia–afflicted children at brain tumor diagnosis was 3.5 years. The co-occurrence of brain tumors, Fanconi anemia, and breast cancer observed in one of these kindreds constitutes a new syndromic association. Individuals who carry a germline BRCA2 mutation and who plan to have children with a partner of Ashkenazi Jewish descent should consider undergoing genetic counseling.
Treatment of scabies with oral ivermectin in 15 infants: a retrospective study on tolerance and efficacy
Authors: C. Bécourt, C. Marguet, X. Balguerie, P. Joly
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

The incidence of scabies is increasing in Europe, and it often affects children and infants. Although numerous topical treatments have been approved for treatment of scabies in adults, they are often poorly tolerated in infants. One treatment, ivermectin, remains off label for infants weighing < 15 kg.To report our experience on the safety and efficacy of oral ivermectin in refractory scabies in infants.A retrospective study was performed in the dermatology and paediatrics departments of Rouen University Hospital between January 2009 and October 2012. Infants diagnosed with scabies were identified, and the data for those fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed.Of 219 infants identified, 15 had received oral ivermectin and had been followed up for at least 3 months. All 15 patients were given two doses of ivermectin, 200 μg kg(-1), at baseline and 14 days later. Of 14 patients contacted 1 month after treatment, 12 had achieved healing. The other two were treated with ivermectin or benzyl benzoate; both healed. Overall, 3 months after the first ivermectin treatment, 13/14 patients had healed and only one had active disease.Ivermectin is generally well tolerated in infants. The 80% rate of healing observed in infants who had failed to respond to at least two other topical treatments suggests that ivermectin could be considered for treatment of infants with recalcitrant or relapsing scabies.
Survival Effect of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Treated With Lenalidomide and High-Dose Dexamethasone
Authors: Maurizio Zangari, Guido Tricot, Latha Polavaram, Fenghuang Zhan, Ashlie Finlayson, Robert Knight, Tommy Fu, Donna Weber, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Ruben Niesvizky, Louis Fink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

PURPOSE We conducted a retrospective analysis of the survival effect of venous thromboembolism (VTE) development in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS Two identically designed, multicenter, double-blind, phase III clinical trials (MM-009 and MM-010) were conducted in Europe and the United States to assess the effect of lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone versus dexamethasone plus placebo in patients with relapsed or refractory MM, after failing at least one prior line of treatment. In this retrospective analysis, we evaluated incidence and survival effect of thromboembolism in 353 patients randomly assigned to receive 25 mg of lenalidomide on days 1 through 21 of a 28-day cycle, plus 40 mg of oral dexamethasone on days 1 through 4, 9 through 12, and 17 through 20 for the first four cycles; after the fourth cycle, 40 mg of dexamethasone was administered on days 1 through 4 only. Results Seventeen percent of patients experienced a thromboembolic episode. The development of VTE did not significantly affect overall survival (P = .90) or time to progression (P = .34). No significant survival impact was observed in a subgroup of patients who received prophylactic anticoagulation (overall survival P = .7, time to progression P = .1). CONCLUSION Patients with MM treated with lenalidomide and high-dose dexamethasone who developed a VTE did not experience shorter overall survival or time to progression.
BAYPAN study: a double-blind phase III randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus sorafenib and gemcitabine plus placebo in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: A. Gonçalves, M. Gilabert, E. François, L. Dahan, H. Perrier, R. Lamy, D. Re, R. Largillier, M. Gasmi, X. Tchiknavorian, B. Esterni, D. Genre, L. Moureau-Zabotto, M. Giovannini, J-F. Seitz, J-R. Delpero, O. Turrini, P. Viens, J-L. Raoul
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Infection and Allergy Incidence in Ambulatory Surgery Patients Using White Petrolatum vs Bacitracin Ointment
Authors: D P Smack, A C Harrington, C Dunn, R S Howard, A J Szkutnik, S J Krivda, J B Caldwell, W D James
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To assess the effect of white petrolatum vs bacitracin ointment on wound infection incidence, allergic contact dermatitis incidence, and healing characteristics.Randomized, double-blind, prospective trial comparing white petrolatum with bacitracin ointment in postprocedure wound care.A general outpatient dermatology clinic and a tertiary referral advanced surgical procedure clinic at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC.A total of 922 patients who had dermatologic surgery with a total of 1249 wounds.The incidence of infection and allergic contact dermatitis during a follow-up period of 4 weeks. Healing characteristics were secondary outcomes.Of the 922 patients enrolled, 440 in the white petrolatum group and 444 in the bacitracin group were evaluable for clinical response. The 2 treatment groups had comparable baseline characteristics. Thirteen patients developed postprocedure infection (1.5%), 9 (2.0%) in the white petrolatum group vs 4 (0.9%) in the bacitracin group (95% confidence interval for difference, -0.4% to 2.7%; P=.37). Eight infections (1.8%) in the white petrolatum group were due to Staphylococcus aureus vs none in the bacitracin group (P=.004). No patient in the group using white petrolatum developed allergic contact dermatitis vs 4 patients (0.9%) in the group using bacitracin (P=.12). Additionally, there were no clinically significant differences in healing between the treatment groups on day 1 (P=.98), day 7 (P=.86), or day 28 (P=.28) after the procedure.White petrolatum is a safe, effective wound care ointment for ambulatory surgery. In comparison with bacitracin, white petrolatum possesses an equally low infection rate and minimal risk for induction of allergy.