tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: two distinct clinicopathological variants with different outcomes
Authors: C. Laurent, A. Delas, P. Gaulard, C. Haioun, A. Moreau, L. Xerri, A. Traverse-Glehen, T. Rousset, I. Quintin-Roue, T. Petrella, J.F. Emile, N. Amara, P. Rochaix, M.P. Chenard-Neu, A.M. Tasei, E. Menet, H. Chomarat, V. Costes, L. Andrac-Meyer, J.F. Michiels, C. Chassagne-Clement, L. de Leval, P. Brousset, G. Delsol, L. Lamant
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)

ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with breast implant (i-ALCL) has been recently recognized as a distinct entity. Among 43 830 lymphomas registered in the French Lymphopath network since 2010, 300 breast lymphomas comprising 25 peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) were reviewed. Among PTCL, ALK-negative ALCL was the most frequent and all of them were associated with breast implants.Since 2010, all i-ALCL cases were collected from different institutions through Lymphopath. Immuno-morphologic features, molecular data and clinical outcome of 19 i-ALCLs have been retrospectively analyzed.The median age of the patients was 61 years and the median length between breast implant and i-ALCL was 9 years. Most implants were silicone-filled and textured. Implant removal was performed in 17 out of 19 patients with additional treatment based on mostly CHOP or CHOP-like chemotherapy regimens (n = 10/19) or irradiation (n = 1/19). CHOP alone or ABVD following radiation without implant removal have been given in two patients. The two clinical presentations, i.e. effusion and less frequently tumor mass correlated with distinct histopathologic features: in situ i-ALCL (anaplastic cell proliferation confined to the fibrous capsule) and infiltrative i-ALCL (pleomorphic cells massively infiltrating adjacent tissue with eosinophils and sometimes Reed-Sternberg-like cells mimicking Hodgkin lymphoma). Malignant cells were CD30-positive, showed a variable staining for EMA and were ALK negative. Most cases had a cytotoxic T-cell immunophenotype with variable T-cell antigen loss and pSTAT3 nuclear expression. T-cell receptor genes were clonally rearranged in 13 out of 13 tested cases. After 18 months of median follow-up, the 2-year overall survival for in situ and infiltrative i-ALCL was 100% and 52.5%, respectively.In situ i-ALCLs have an indolent clinical course and generally remain free of disease after implant removal. However, infiltrative i-ALCLs could have a more aggressive clinical course that might require additional therapy to implant removal.
Variant rs2237892 of <i>KCNQ1</i> is Potentially Associated with Hypertension and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Han Population
Authors: Wanlin Zhang, Hailing Wang, Xiaomin Guan, Qing Niu, Wei Li
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2015)

KCNQ1 has been identified as a susceptibility gene of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Asian populations through genome-wide association studies. However, studies on the association between gene polymorphism of KCNQ1 and T2DM complications remain unclear. To further analyze the association between different alleles at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2237892 within KCNQ1 and TD2M and its complications, we conducted a case-control study in a Chinese Han population. The C allele of rs2237892 variant contributed to susceptibility to T2DM (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-1.75). Genotypes CT (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.24-3.15) and CC (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.57-3.95) were associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Multivariate regression analysis was performed with adjustment of age, gender, and body mass index. We found that systolic blood pressure (P=0.015), prevalence of hypertension (P=0.037), and risk of macrovascular disease (OR, 2.10; CI, 1.00-4.45) were significantly higher in subjects with the CC genotype than in the combined population with genotype either CT or TT. Therefore, our data support that KCNQ1 is associated with an increased risk for T2DM and might contribute to the higher incidence of hypertension and macrovascular complications in patients with T2DM carrying the risk allele C though it needs further to be confirmed in a larger population.
Demographic Prevalence of Class III Obesity
Authors: Emma Gearon, Kathryn Backholer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin controls prostaglandin D2 generation in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Kathleen M. Buchheit, Katherine N. Cahill, Howard R. Katz, Katherine C. Murphy, Chunli Feng, Kathleen Lee-Sarwar, Juying Lai, Neil Bhattacharyya, Elliot Israel, Joshua A. Boyce, Tanya M. Laidlaw
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Epithelial Cells in Bone Marrow of Breast Cancer Patients at Time of Primary Surgery: Clinical Outcome During Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Gerhard Gebauer, Tanja Fehm, Elisabeth Merkle, Eberhard P. Beck, Norbert Lang, Wolfram Jäger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the detection of epithelial cells in bone marrow of breast cancer patients as an indicator of metastatic disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 1994, bone marrow biopsies were performed on 393 breast cancer patients during primary surgery. Specimens were stained immunocytochemically for epithelial cells expressing cytokeratins or the epithelial membrane antigen. The long-term outcomes of these patients were analyzed in this study. RESULTS: In 166 of 393 patients, epithelial cells were found in bone marrow (BM) aspirates. These patients were designated BM+. The rate of tumor recurrence or cancer-related death was significantly higher in BM+ patients than in BM− patients. Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model revealed BM status as a prognostic parameter independent of tumor size and axillary lymph node status. However, tumor size and axillary lymph node status were clearly superior prognostic parameters. CONCLUSION: Disseminated epithelial cells in BM are associated with poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. However, the presence of these cells is not a sufficient parameter to predict growing metastases in the majority of patients, suggesting that epithelial cells in the BM of breast cancer patients at the time of surgery have limited metastatic potential. The role of these cells needs to be further evaluated.
Duration and Degree of Weight Gain and Incident Diabetes in Younger Versus Middle-Aged Black and White Adults: ARIC, CARDIA, and the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Gina S. Wei, Sean A. Coady, Jared P. Reis, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Josef Coresh, Ralph B. D’Agostino, David C. Goff, David R. Jacobs, Elizabeth Selvin, Caroline S. Fox
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether duration and degree of weight gain are differentially associated with diabetes risk in younger versus middle-aged black and white adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We combined data from three cohort studies: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), and the Framingham Heart Study. A total of 17,404 participants (56% women; 21% black) were stratified by baseline age (younger: ≥30 and &amp;lt;45 years; middle-aged: ≥45 and &amp;lt;60 years) and examined for incident diabetes (median follow-up 9 years). Duration and degree of gain in BMI were calculated as “BMI-years” above one’s baseline BMI. RESULTS Diabetes incidence per 1,000 person-years in the younger and middle-aged groups was 7.2 (95% CI 5.7, 8.7) and 24.4 (22.0, 26.8) in blacks, respectively, and 3.4 (2.8, 4.0) and 10.5 (9.9, 11.2) in whites, respectively. After adjusting for sex, baseline BMI and other cardiometabolic factors, and age and race interaction terms, gains in BMI-years were associated with higher risk of diabetes in the younger compared with middle-aged groups: hazard ratios for 1-unit increase in log BMI-years in younger versus middle-aged blacks were 1.18 (P = 0.02) and 1.02 (P = 0.39), respectively (P for interaction by age-group = 0.047), and in whites were 1.35 (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and 1.11 (P &amp;lt; 0.001), respectively (P for interaction by age-group = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Although middle-aged adults have higher rates of diabetes, younger adults are at greater relative risk of developing diabetes for a given level of duration and degree of weight gain.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL INVESTIGATION HELD IN WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY 8, 1933
Authors: David Smith, Julian Ruffin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

During the past two years a series of pellagra patients have been studied at the Duke Hospital.A basic diet was planned which contained all the normal necessary vitamins and minerals except vitamin B2 or G.The patients maintained on this diet failed to make satisfactory improvement until vitamin G in the form of liver extract was added to the diet.It has been demonstrated that the symmetrical skin lesions in pellagra are due to symmetrical exposure to sunlight and have no relation to nerve lesions in the spinal cord.Unilateral skin lesions could be produced at will by proper exposure to sunlight.Experimental black tongue in dogs has been produced with the same diet used as a basic diet for the clinical studies.This experimental black tongue can be cured by liver extracts.The Urinary Excretion of Iodine.By GEORGE M. CURTIS and (by invitation) FRANCIS J. PHILLIPS, Columbus, Ohio.The urinary excretion of iodine by hospital patients without thyroid disease in this region is from 25 to 75 microgrammes daily.No iodized salt is used in the hospital diet.It is within normal range in patients with non-toxic nodular goiter and also in those with non-toxic diffuse colloid goiter.In patients with diffuse hyperplastic goiter with exophthalmos and with severe hyperthyroidism, it is greatly increased during the early exacerbation of severe, untreated toxicity.The urinary excretion of iodine increases greatly immediately following thyroidectomy.This increase is temporary.When iodine is quantitatively ad- ministered to patients with diffuse hyperplastic goiter with hyperthyroidism, the urinary excretion is at first low.There ensues a rising iodine excretion curve as clinical improvement follows.The urinary excretion of iodine is in- creased during early menstruation.This is correlated with the associated rise in the blood iodine.
Linking tumor with systemic environment in the search for novel biomarkers in breast cancer
Authors: Sotirios P Fortis, Louisa G Mahaira, Michael Sofopoulos, Nectaria Sotiriadou, Christoforos Haritos, John F Voutsas, Nikolaos Anastasopoulos, Niki Arnogiannaki, Christopher Shipp, Graham Pawelec, Sonia A Perez, Constantin Baxevanis
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Recent studies linking immune signatures in cancer with prognosis have provided unequivocal proof of the essential role of the immune system in tumor pathophysiology. They have also initiated a quest for immune biomarkers that could serve as intermediate endpoints of response to
Recovery of antibody production in human allogeneic marrow graft recipients: influence of time posttransplantation, the presence or absence of chronic graft-versus-host disease, and antithymocyte globulin treatment
Authors: RP Witherspoon, R Storb, HD Ochs, N Fluornoy, KJ Kopecky, KM Sullivan, JH Deeg, R Sosa, DR Noel, K Atkinson, ED Thomas
Journal: Blood (1981)
Regional roadmaps for reducing premature deaths from NCDs
Authors: K Srinath Reddy
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

In September 2011, a high-level meeting of the UN called for a concerted global response to the growing challenge of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).1 Subsequently, in 2013, the World Health Assembly adopted a WHO-generated action plan and set a target of 25 × 25: a 25% reduction in premature mortality from four major NCDs (deaths in the age group of 30–70 years) by 2025, when compared with a baseline of 2010. The mortality target was linked to six targets for control of major risk factors and two targets for improving coverage with, and access to, essential drugs.
Modulatory role of the adventitia on noradrenaline and angiotensin II responsesRole of endothelium and AT2 receptors
Authors: B SOMOZA, M GONZALEZ, J GONZALEZ, F ABDERRAHIM, S ARRIBAS, M FERNANDEZALFONSO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

We have studied the modulatory role of the adventitia on vascular tone and nitric oxide (NO) availability in response to noradrenaline (NA) and angiotensin II (Ang II).Changes in isometric tension were determined in carotid arteries from 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats denuded from adventitia (-A) and compared to intact rings (+A). NO availability was assessed by the fluorescent NO indicator, 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2).Responses to NA (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) were: (i) significantly lower in -A compared to +A rings; (ii) equally enhanced in +A and -A rings without endothelium; and (iii) reduced in +A and -A rings incubated with superoxide dismutase (SOD; 15 U/ml). Responses to Ang II (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) were: (i) similar between +A and -A segments; (ii) equally reduced in both groups by SOD; and (iii) increased by endothelial denudation in both +A and -A arteries. Blockade of AT2 receptors with PD 123,319 (10(-7) M) significantly increased Ang II-induced contractions in +A rings. In segments preincubated with losartan (10(-5) M) and precontracted with NA (10(-7) M), Ang II elicited a relaxation that was abolished by l-NAME (10(-4) M), PD 123,319 (10(-7) M), and endothelium or adventitial removal. NO availability was increased in carotid rings stimulated with Ang II, but not with NA. This NO release was blocked by PD 123,319 (10(-7) M) and endothelium denudation.These results suggest that the adventitia differently modulates responses to vasoconstrictors and that it is a key layer in Ang II-induced contractions, mediating NO release from the endothelium via AT2 receptors. This increase in NO counterbalances basal superoxide release.
Dietary fatty acids for the treatment of OA, including fish oil
Authors: David T Felson, Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder and its prevalence is increasing.1 Non-surgical treatments are often frustratingly ineffective and while some medical treatments are modestly efficacious, none are approved that delay the course of disease. The failure of medical treatments for OA of both the hip and the knee is a primary underlying reason for the rapidly increasing rates of knee and hip replacements in developed countries. New efficacious therapies that might alleviate pain or delay the structural progression of this disease are badly needed.

One promising major approach for treatment of OA is abrogation of the inflammatory response within the joint. Increasingly, OA is regarded as an inflammatory disease2 even though the degree of inflammation varies and is often modest. MRI studies have shown that the synovitis that commonly accompanies disease in the knees and hands contributes to disease progression, including cartilage loss. MRI-based studies have shown that synovitis is likely to be a major cause of joint pain. In fact, at least two of the known efficacious treatments for OA target inflammation within the joint: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and intra-articular corticosteroids. The latter are highly effective in relieving joint pain over a short …
Efficacy and safety of World Health Organization group 5 drugs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Nicholas Winters, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, Dick Menzies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

The efficacy and toxicity of several drugs now used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have not been fully evaluated. We searched three databases for studies assessing efficacy in MDR-TB or safety during prolonged treatment of any mycobacterial infections, of drugs classified by the World Health Organization as having uncertain efficacy for MDR-TB (group 5). We included 83 out of 4002 studies identified. Evidence was inadequate for meropenem, imipenem and terizidone. For MDR-TB treatment, clarithromycin had no efficacy in two studies (risk difference (RD) −0.13, 95% CI −0.40–0.14) and amoxicillin–clavulanate had no efficacy in two other studies (RD 0.07, 95% CI −0.21–0.35). The largest number of studies described prolonged use for treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Azithromycin was not associated with excess serious adverse events (SAEs). Clarithromycin was not associated with excess SAEs in eight controlled trials in HIV-infected patients (RD 0.00, 95% CI −0.02–0.02), nor in six uncontrolled studies in HIV-uninfected patients, whereas six uncontrolled studies in HIV-infected patients clarithromycin caused substantial SAEs (proportion 0.20, 95% CI 0.12–0.27). For most group 5 drugs we found inadequate evidence of safety for prolonged use or for efficacy for MDR-TB, although macrolides appeared to be safe in prolonged use.
A man with a murmur and missing heart
Authors: Mithun Chakravorty, Abdallah Al-Mohammad, Peter Brown, Amit Allahabadia, Ever Grech
Journal: BMJ (2015)

An 81 year old man presented with increased lethargy over several months and progressive dyspnoea on exertion. He had no orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, chest pain, palpitations, or syncope. He had hypertension and glaucoma and was a non-smoker. His regular drugs were aspirin, simvastatin, candesartan, omeprazole, and latanoprost eye drops.

Clinical examination showed a grade 3/6 ejection systolic murmur heard throughout the precordium, including the aortic region, radiating to the carotids. His pulse was regular, of normal character and good volume. He had no evidence of congestive cardiac failure and the rest of the physical examination was unremarkable.

Routine blood tests showed abnormal thyroid function and low serum testosterone. He was referred to endocrinology and transthoracic echocardiography was performed. The parasternal views were poor but indicated moderate to severe aortic stenosis. He had mild left ventricular hypertrophy but good biventricular systolic function, biatrial dilatation, and mild diastolic dysfunction. Electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm with no abnormalities. 

Transoesophageal echocardiography was performed to assess the severity of aortic stenosis but the heart could not be seen at all. Computed tomography of the thorax (fig 1⇓) was performed to investigate the reason for this.





### 1. What is the pathological finding in the computed tomogram?

#### Short answer

Large hiatus hernia.

#### Discussion

The diagnosis of a large hiatus hernia was suspected at the time of transoesophageal echocardiography so computed tomography of the thorax was preferred to chest radiography. Computed tomography enabled the size and extent of the hernia to be determined and clearly demonstrated the gastric air between the oesophagus and the heart (fig 2⇓). Chest radiography would have enabled diagnosis of the hernia but would not have provided the extra details provided …
Uninsured rates drop dramatically in US states that embraced health reform law
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Since the Affordable Care Act was implemented the uninsured rate in the United States has fallen 5.6 percentage points, from 17.3% in 2013 to 11.7% in the first half of 2015, and states that embraced the law have seen the greatest declines, a new survey shows.

The survey,1 conducted by the polling company Gallup, used 2013 as the benchmark, because the following year two major provisions of the law came into effect. These were the creation of the online health insurance exchanges, where individuals and families can purchase coverage, often with the help of subsidies; …
Contradictory Role of CD97 in Basal and Tumor Necrosis Factor–Induced Osteoclastogenesis In Vivo
Authors: Hee Yeon Won, Se Hwan Mun, Bongjin Shin, Sun‐Kyeong Lee
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

CD97, a member of the 7-transmembrane epidermal growth factor family of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors, is expressed on various cell types. This study was undertaken to elucidate the functions of CD97 in bone and inflammation in an experimental mouse model, by examining the effect of CD97 on osteoclastogenesis in vitro, characterizing the skeletal phenotype of CD97-deficient (CD97-knockout [KO]) mice, and assessing the responses to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment.Femoral tissue and bone marrow (BM)-derived cells from CD97-KO and wild-type (WT) mice were assessed using histomorphometric analyses, in vitro cultures, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Serum cytokine and chemokine levels in the presence or absence of TNF challenge were analyzed by multiplex assay.In cultures of mouse BM-derived macrophages in vitro, RANKL induced the expression of CD97. In vivo, the trabecular bone volume of the femurs of female CD97-KO mice was increased, and this was associated with a decrease in the number of osteoclasts. Compared to WT mice, CD97-KO mice had a reduced potential to form osteoclast-like cells in vitro. Furthermore, TNF treatment augmented the formation of osteoclasts in the calvaria of CD97-KO mice in vivo, by increasing the production of RANKL and other cytokines and chemokines and by reducing the production of osteoprotegerin by calvarial cells.These findings demonstrate that CD97 is a positive regulator of osteoclast-like cell differentiation, a mechanism that influences bone homeostasis. However, the presence of CD97 may be essential to suppress the initial osteoclastogenesis that occurs in response to acute and local inflammatory stimuli.
Emerging Concepts and Technologies for the Discovery of Microorganisms Involved in Human Disease
Authors: Susan Bullman, Matthew Meyerson, Aleksandar D. Kostic
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2016)

Established infectious agents continue to be a major cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the causative agent remains unknown for a wide range of diseases; many of these are suspected to be attributable to yet undiscovered microorganisms. The advent of unbiased high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics has enabled rapid identification and molecular characterization of known and novel infectious agents in human disease. An exciting era of microbe discovery, now under way, holds great promise for the improvement of global health via the development of antimicrobial therapies, vaccination strategies, targeted public health measures, and probiotic-based preventions and therapies. Here, we review the history of pathogen discovery, discuss improvements and clinical applications for the detection of microbially associated diseases, and explore the challenges and strategies for establishing causation in human disease.