tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 35: The Effect of Type and Amount of Dietary Carbohydrate on Biomarkers of Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammation in Healthy Adults: Results From The Omnicarb Trial
Authors: Stephen P Juraschek, Edgar R Miller, Elizabeth Selvin, Vincent J Carey, Lawrence J Appel, Robert H Christenson, Frank Sacks
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Glycemic index (GI) is thought to affect glucose homeostasis. Recently, the OmniCarb Trial reported that GI did not improve insulin sensitivity. We performed an ancillary study in OmniCarb to determine the effects of GI on glucose homeostasis and inflammation. Methods: The OmniCarb Trial was a randomized crossover feeding study conducted in overweight or obese adults without diabetes (N=163). Participants were fed each of four diets for 5 weeks, separated by 2-week washout periods. Weight was held constant. The four diets were: high GI (GI ≥65) with high carbohydrate (58% kcal), low GI (GI ≤45) with low carbohydrate (40% kcal), low GI with high carbohydrate; and high GI with low carbohydrate. We measured and compared the following biomarkers at the beginning and end of each dietary period: glycated albumin (GA), fructosamine, fasting glucose, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP). GA and fructosamine reflect glycemia over a 2-4 week period. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare within-person, end-of-period differences in biomarkers between diets. Results: Mean age was 53 years, mean BMI was 32 kg/m2; study population was 52% female, and 50% black. Reducing GI had no effect on GA or fructosamine (Figure), but increased fasting glucose in the setting of a high carbohydrate diet (+2.2 mg/dl; P = 0.02). Reducing carbohydrate content decreased GA in the setting of a high GI diet (-0.2%; P = 0.03) and decreased fructosamine in the setting of a low GI diet (-4 μmol/L; P = 0.003). Reducing carbohydrate while simultaneously increasing GI significantly reduced both GA (-0.2%; P = 0.04) and fructosamine (-4 μmol/L; P = 0.009). Neither reducing GI nor amount of carbohydrate affected CRP. Conclusions: During this 5 week trial, reducing the amount of carbohydrate, regardless of high or low GI, decreased GA and fructosamine. This suggests that reducing the carbohydrate content of diets, rather than lowering GI, is a better strategy for lowering glycemia in adults at risk for diabetes.
Some Properties of Cells Cultured From Early-Lactation Human Milk
Authors: J. Taylor-Papadimitriou, M. Shearer, R. Tilly
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Some Properties of Cells Cultured From Early-Lactation Human Milk Get access J. Taylor-Papadimitriou, J. Taylor-Papadimitriou Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Shearer, M. Shearer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Tilly R. Tilly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 6, June 1977, Pages 1563–1571, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.6.1563 Published: 01 June 1977 Article history Received: 06 August 1976 Accepted: 06 December 1976 Published: 01 June 1977
Practical tools for implementing early palliative care in advanced lung cancer
Authors: Annelies Janssens, Liesbeth Teugels, Sisca Kohl, Toke Michielsen, Bert Leysen, Jan P. van Meerbeeck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

We read with interest the article by Blum and Schönfeld [1]. Early introduction of palliative care (EPC) in the management of patients with advanced lung cancer is recommended because it improves quality of life and tends to produce better survival [2]. Hospital-based palliative teams mainly focus on terminal care for hospitalised patients. Involvement of the treating pulmonologist in this setting is warranted, as stated by Blum and Schönfeld [1]. We would like to show you how we started EPC in collaboration with the palliative team in our hospital (table 1). Pulmonologists need to be involved in early palliative care for patients with metastatic lung cancer <http://ow.ly/U3oXg>
Schizophrenia: changing the name and broadening the concept is problematic
Authors: Iris E Sommer, William T Carpenter
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Schizophrenia and most other psychotic disorders are heterogeneous clinical syndromes. For treatment to be individualised, underlying factors need to be explored. Van Os’s suggestion of combining different types of psychotic disorder into the single category of “psychosis susceptibility syndrome” is problematic.1 The proposed broad category would increase the number of cases …
Prognostic factors and staging classification of patients with epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma.
Authors: A Chachoua, R Krigel, F Lafleur, R Ostreicher, M Speer, L Laubenstein, J Wernz, P Rubenstein, E Zang, A Friedman-Kien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Two hundred twelve patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were followed prospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of survival and development of opportunistic infection (OI) from the time of diagnosis of KS. Clinical variables analyzed were age at onset, presence of systemic symptoms, prior or coexistent OI, development of OI greater than 3 months following KS diagnosis, and extent of disease. Laboratory variables analyzed were absolute number of peripheral T-helper lymphocytes (T4), helper/suppressor ratio (T4/T8), serum beta-2-microglobulin, and serum acid labile alfa interferon. Three independent variables were predictive of shorter survival: (1) prior or coexistent OI (P = .02), (2) presence of systemic symptoms (P = .001), and (3) absolute T4 count less than 300 cells/microL (P = .002). Based on survival, patients with AIDS-related KS can be divided into four groups: (1) those with no prior or coexistent OI, no systemic symptoms, T4 greater than or equal to 300 cells/microL (median survival, 31 months): (2) those with no prior or coexistent OI, no systemic symptoms, and T4 less than 300 cells/microL (median survival, 20 months); (3) those with no prior or coexistent OI and presence of systemic symptoms (median survival, 15 months); and (4) those with prior or coexistent OI (median survival, 7 months).
Common Structural Core of Three-Dozen Residues Reveals Intersuperfamily Relationships
Authors: Heli A.M. Mönttinen, Janne J. Ravantti, Minna M. Poranen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Identification of relationships among protein families or superfamilies is a challenge. However, functionally essential protein regions typically retain structural integrity, even when the corresponding protein sequences evolve. Consequently, comparison of protein structures enables deeper phylogenetic analyses than achievable through the use of sequence information only. Here, we focus on a group of distantly related viral and cellular enzymes involved in nucleic acid or nucleotide processing and synthesis. All these enzymes share an apparently similar protein fold at their active site, which resembles the palm subdomain of the right-hand-shaped polymerases. Using a structure-based hierarchical clustering method, we identified a common structural core of 36 equivalent residues for this functionally diverse group of enzymes, representing five protein superfamilies. Based on the properties of these 36 residues, we deduced a structural distance-based tree in which the proteins were accurately clustered according to the established family classification. Within this tree, the enzymes catalyzing genomic nucleic acid replication or transcription were separated from those performing supplementary nucleic acid or nucleotide processing functions. In addition, we found that the family Y DNA polymerases are structurally more closely related to the nucleotide cyclase superfamily members than to the other members of the DNA/RNA polymerase superfamily, and these enzymes share 88 equivalent residues comprising a Β: 1- Α: 1- Α: 2- Β: 2- Β: 3- Α: 3- Β: 4- Α: 4- Β: 5 fold. The results highlight the power of structure-based hierarchical clustering in identifying remote evolutionary relationships. Furthermore, our study implies that a protein substructure of only three-dozen residues can contain a substantial amount of information on the evolutionary history of proteins.
Less is more: a shift in the surgical approach to non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Christopher Cao, Thomas D'Amico, Todd Demmy, Joel Dunning, Dominique Gossot, Henrik Hansen, Jianxing He, Sanghoon Jheon, Rene H Petersen, Alan Sihoe, Scott Swanson, William Walker, Tristan D Yan
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2016)
Trading treatment toxicity for survival in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: M D Brundage, J R Davidson, W J Mackillop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

To determine how patients weigh potential survival benefits against the potential toxicity of different treatment strategies for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Specifically, we were interested in what improvement in survival probability patients would want to have before accepting more toxic therapy.Fifty-six outpatients who had experienced lung cancer (n = 22) or prostate cancer (n = 34), and 20 clinic nurses and radiation therapy technologists participated. A treatment trade-off interview was conducted with each participant that compared low-dose versus high-dose radiotherapy and high-dose radiotherapy versus combination chemo-radiotherapy. Preferences for treatments were assessed by systematically increasing the hypothetical survival advantage of the more toxic treatment until the person reached his or her threshold for choosing the more toxic treatment.A wide range of thresholds was observed for both groups. The distributions of survival advantage thresholds for lung cancer and prostate cancer patients were not significantly different but were generally lower thresholds than those declared by staff. If the 3-year survival advantage was 10%, 60% of patients and 15% of staff would consider combination therapy over high-dose radiotherapy. Within patients, apparent willingness to consider more toxic treatments was not significantly related to age, sex, education, or preferred role in decision making. The treatment trade-off method had good test-retest reliability.There is great interindividual variability in willingness to accept aggressive treatments for locally advanced NSCLC. When choosing NSCLC treatment, each patient should be provided with comprehensive information about the options so that he or she may express his or her preferences should he or she wish to participate in the decision.
PI3K/AKT Pathway Is Activated By MYD88 L265P and Use Of PI3K-Delta Inhibitors Induces Robust Tumor Cell Killing In Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Guang Yang, Xia Liu, Yangsheng Zhou, Lian Xu, Yang Cao, Robert Manning, Christopher Patterson, Christina K Tripsas, Zachary Hunter, Sara Buhrlage, Nathanael S Gray, Steven Peter Treon
Journal: Blood (2013)
Autologous stem cell transplantation after first remission induction treatment in multiple myeloma: a report of the French Registry on autologous transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: JL Harousseau, M Attal, M Divine, G Marit, V Leblond, AM Stoppa, JH Bourhis, D Caillot, M Boasson, JF Abgrall
Journal: Blood (1995)
Genomic Profiling of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveals a Changing Mutational Landscape from Disease Diagnosis to Relapse
Authors: Jason E. Farrar, Heather L. Schuback, Rhonda E. Ries, Daniel Wai, Oliver A. Hampton, Lisa R. Trevino, Todd A. Alonzo, Jaime M. Guidry Auvil, Tanja M. Davidsen, Patee Gesuwan, Leandro Hermida, Donna M. Muzny, Ninad Dewal, Navin Rustagi, Lora R. Lewis, Alan S. Gamis, David A. Wheeler, Malcolm A. Smith, Daniela S. Gerhard, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The genomic and clinical information used to develop and implement therapeutic approaches for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) originated primarily from adult patients and has been generalized to patients with pediatric AML. However, age-specific molecular alterations are becoming more evident and may signify the need to age-stratify treatment regimens. The NCI/COG TARGET-AML initiative used whole exome capture sequencing (WXS) to interrogate the genomic landscape of matched trios representing specimens collected upon diagnosis, remission, and relapse from 20 cases of de novo childhood AML. One hundred forty-five somatic variants at diagnosis (median 6 mutations/patient) and 149 variants at relapse (median 6.5 mutations) were identified and verified by orthogonal methodologies. Recurrent somatic variants [in (greater than or equal to) 2 patients] were identified for 10 genes (FLT3, NRAS, PTPN11, WT1, TET2, DHX15, DHX30, KIT, ETV6, KRAS), with variable persistence at relapse. The variant allele fraction (VAF), used to measure the prevalence of somatic mutations, varied widely at diagnosis. Mutations that persisted from diagnosis to relapse had a significantly higher diagnostic VAF compared with those that resolved at relapse (median VAF 0.43 vs. 0.24, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Further analysis revealed that 90% of the diagnostic variants with VAF &amp;gt;0.4 persisted to relapse compared with 28% with VAF &amp;lt;0.2 (P &amp;lt; 0.001). This study demonstrates significant variability in the mutational profile and clonal evolution of pediatric AML from diagnosis to relapse. Furthermore, mutations with high VAF at diagnosis, representing variants shared across a leukemic clonal structure, may constrain the genomic landscape at relapse and help to define key pathways for therapeutic targeting. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2197–205. ©2016 AACR.
Breast-Cancer Screening — Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group
Authors: Béatrice Lauby-Secretan, Chiara Scoccianti, Dana Loomis, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Véronique Bouvard, Franca Bianchini, Kurt Straif
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has updated its 2002 guidelines on screening for breast cancer, drawing on data from studies completed in the past 15 years.
Failure of Cryosurgical Treatment of Experimental Intradermal Tumors To Eradicate Microscopic Lymph Node Metastases in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Nasser Javadpour, Demetrius H. Bagley, Berton Zbar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Inbred Sewall Wright strain 2 male guinea pigs with established intradermal tumors and microscopic lymph node metastases were treated either by local excision, cryosurgery, or intralesional injection of BCG. Cryosurgery and local excision were effective in eliminating growth of the primary tumor but failed to prevent growth of lymph node metastases. In contrast, intralesional injection of BCG caused regression of primary tumors and prevented growth of lymph node metastases.
<b>Healthcare leaders urge Hunt to resume talks on juniors’ contract</b>
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A group of senior healthcare leaders are trying to broker a meeting between the Department of Health for England and junior doctors’ leaders in an attempt to thaw relations between the two sides in the ongoing dispute over the junior doctors’ contract, The BMJ has learnt.

Mark Britnell, former director general at the Department of Health and current chairman of global health at the management consultancy firm KPMG, warned that imposing the contract on junior doctors would be a “a pyrrhic victory” for the government.

He urged the health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, to put his plans on hold or risk derailing the plan to bring in seven day services in the NHS. Britnell was speaking at the Nuffield Trust’s policy summit in Surrey on 3 …
Individualized Statin Benefit for Determining Statin Eligibility in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: George Thanassoulis, Ken Williams, Kathleen Kimler Altobelli, Michael J. Pencina, Christopher P. Cannon, Allan D. Sniderman
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Current guidelines recommend statins in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease on the basis of predicted cardiovascular risk without directly considering the expected benefits of statin therapy based on the available randomized, controlled trial evidence.We included 2134 participants representing 71.8 million American residents potentially eligible for statins in primary prevention from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2005 to 2010. We compared statin eligibilities using 2 separate approaches: a 10-year risk-based approach (≥7.5% 10-year risk) and an individualized benefit approach (ie, based on predicted absolute risk reduction over 10 years [ARR10] ≥2.3% from randomized, controlled trial data). A risk-based approach led to the eligibility of 15.0 million (95% confidence interval, 12.7-17.3 million) Americans, whereas a benefit-based approach identified 24.6 million (95% confidence interval, 21.0-28.1 million). The corresponding numbers needed to treat over 10 years were 21 (range, 9-44) and 25 (range, 9-44). The benefit-based approach identified 9.5 million lower-risk (<7.5% 10-year risk) Americans not currently eligible for statin treatment who had the same or greater expected benefit from statins (≥2.3% ARR10) compared with higher-risk individuals. This lower-risk/acceptable-benefit group includes younger individuals (mean age, 55.2 versus 62.5 years; P<0.001 for benefit based versus risk based) with higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (140 versus133 mg/dL; P=0.01). Statin treatment in this group would be expected to prevent an additional 266 508 cardiovascular events over 10 years.An individualized statin benefit approach can identify lower-risk individuals who have equal or greater expected benefit from statins in primary prevention compared with higher-risk individuals. This approach may help develop guideline recommendations that better identify individuals who meaningfully benefit from statin therapy.
Prognostic value of size of lymph node metastases in patients with cutaneous melanoma.
Authors: A C Buzaid, L A Tinoco, D Jendiroba, Z N Tu, J J Lee, S S Legha, M I Ross, C M Balch, R S Benjamin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To determine the prognostic significance of the size of the lymph node mass as measured by physical examination (PE) and of the size of the largest node measured by pathologic analysis (path) in patients with cutaneous melanoma and nodal metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records of all patients with nodal metastases seen at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from January 1, 1973 to December 31, 1989 were reviewed. Patient eligibility criteria included the following: (1) availability of data describing the nodal size either by PE or by path and the number of positive nodes; (2) no history of preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy; and (3) no history or presence of in-transit, satellite, local, or distant metastases. Eleven variables, including largest diameter of the nodal mass by PE and diameter of the largest node by path, were examined as potential prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Of 800 patients evaluated, 442 met the eligibility criteria and are the subjects of this study. In the univariate analysis, size of the nodal mass by PE was marginally significant for survival as a continuous variable (P = .045), but not as a categorical variable using a cutoff size of &lt; or = 3 or more than 3 cm as indicated by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system (P = .61). Size of the largest node by path was not significant for survival. In the multivariate analysis, only the number of positive nodes (P &lt; .001), age (P &lt; .001), and tumor thickness (P &lt; .001) were significant for survival. CONCLUSION Size of the nodal mass by PE and size of the largest node by path are not useful prognostic factors for survival and should be eliminated from the current staging system. More powerful and well-established prognostic factors, such as the number of positive nodes, should be considered for inclusion in staging.
Clustering Small Dendrimers into Nanoaggregates for Efficient DNA and siRNA Delivery with Minimal Toxicity
Authors: Chongyi Liu, Naimin Shao, Yitong Wang, Yiyun Cheng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Cationic dendrimers are widely used as nonviral gene vectors, however, current gene materials based on dendrimers are either little effective or too toxic on the transfected cells. Here, a facile strategy is presented to prepare high efficient dendrimers with low transfection toxicity. Small dendrimers with 2 nm are clustered into nanoaggregates (≈100 nm) via phenylboronic acid modification and the self-assembled materials enable efficient DNA and siRNA delivery on several cell lines. The clustered nanostructures can disassemble into small dendrimers in acidic conditions thus exerting significantly less toxicity on the transfected cells. Further structure-function relationship studies reveal that both the phenyl group and boronic acid group play essential roles in the self-assembly and gene delivery processes. The transfection efficacy of phenylboronic acid-modified dendrimers can be down-regulated by blocking the boronic acid groups on dendrimers with diols or degrading the groups with hydrogen peroxide. This study provides a facile strategy in the development of efficient and biocompatible gene vectors based on low molecular weight polymers and clearly demonstrates the structure-function relationship of phenylboronic acid-modified polymers in gene delivery.
Monoallelic germline <i>ATM</i> mutation and organising pneumonia induced by radiation therapy to the breast
Authors: Jean-François Cordier, Vincent Cottin, Romain Lazor, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Organising pneumonia is defined by the presence of intra-alveolar buds consisting of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and loose connective tissue, often associated with bronchiolitis obliterans. Organising pneumonia may be cryptogenic (idiopathic) or associated with a variety of causes including, especially, infection, adverse reaction to drugs, connective tissue diseases [1] and radiation therapy to the breast [2, 3]. Radiation-induced organised pneumonia may be associated with monoallelic ATM gene mutation <http://ow.ly/WIpFe>
Impact of Response Quality on Survival Outcomes in Transplant-Ineligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) Patients (Pts): Results from the First Trial
Authors: Nizar J Bahlis, Alessandro Corso, Lars-Olof Mugge, Zhi-Xiang Shen, Pierre Desjardins, Anne-Marie Stoppa, Olivier Decaux, Thierry De Revel, Miquel Granell, Gerald Marit, Hareth Nahi, Hilde Demuynck, Shang-Yi Huang, Supratik Basu, Troy H. Guthrie, Annette Ervin-Haynes, Nicolas Leupin, Jennifer Marek, Guang Chen, Thierry Facon
Journal: Blood (2014)