tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Establishment and Maintenance of Vascular Access in Incident Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Braden Manns, Marcello Tonelli, Serdar Yilmaz, Helen Lee, Kevin Laupland, Scott Klarenbach, Val Radkevich, Brendan Murphy
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

Despite the importance of hemodialysis vascular access, the cost of vascular access care has not been studied in detail. A prospective cost analysis was performed among incident hemodialysis patients to determine the cost of vascular access care overall and on the basis of access type. Detailed clinical and demographic information, as well as data on access type, was collected for all local incident hemodialysis patients between July 1, 1999, and November 1, 2001. A comprehensive measure of total vascular access costs, including surgery, radiology, hospitalization for access complications, physician costs, costs for management of outpatient bacteremia, and vascular access monitoring costs, was obtained. Costs are reported in 2002 Canadian dollars (1 CAN dollar = 0.69 US dollar). A total of 239 consecutive incident hemodialysis patients were identified, 49, 157, and 33 of whom were dialyzed exclusively with a catheter or had a native arteriovenous fistula or synthetic graft attempted, respectively. In year 1, 18.4% of all hospital admissions were for vascular access-related complications. The mean cost of all vascular access care in year 1 was 6890 CAN dollars(median 4020 dollars; interquartile range [IQR] 2440 dollars to 7540 dollars). The mean cost of access care per patient-year at risk for maintaining a catheter exclusively, attempting an arteriovenous fistula, or attempting a graft was 9180 dollars (median 3812 dollars; IQR 2250 dollars to 7762 dollars), 7989 dollars (median 4641 dollars ; IQR 3035 dollars to 8832 dollars), and 11,685 dollars (median 8152 dollars; IQR 3395 dollars to 12,908 dollars), respectively (P = 0.01). Vascular access care is responsible for a significant proportion of health care costs in the first year of hemodialysis. These results support clinical practice guidelines that recommend preferential placement of a native fistula.
Ambiguous and Unclear Prescriptions
Authors: ELLEN A. GREENMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1981Ambiguous and Unclear PrescriptionsELLEN A. GREENMAN, PHARM.D.ELLEN A. GREENMAN, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-3-415_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The letters in the December issue reporting episodes of confusion about drug names were very disturbing. The danger to patient safety in these cases is alarming but another aspect of these letters is also distressing: All of these cases were reported by physicians and their letters seemed to reflect little regard for the ability and competence of pharmacists. Although we do not claim that all pharmacists are as able or conscientious as they might be, many of us strive for excellence and occasionally feel unappreciated in our efforts to oversee the sometimes questionable prescribing practices of physicians.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1981Volume 94, Issue 3Page: 415-416KeywordsDrugsPharmacistsSafety Issue Published: 1 March 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pulmonary aspergillosis: an alternative diagnosis to lung cancer after positive [18F]FDG positron emission tomography
Authors: C. G. Baxter, P. Bishop, S. E. Low, K. Baiden-Amissah, D. W. Denning
Journal: Thorax (2011)

[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorodexyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scans have significantly improved the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, but false-positive scans are known to occur due to inflammatory and infectious diseases. Recognition of the conditions leading to false-positive scans is important. Single or multiple pulmonary nodules, with or without cavitation, are classical findings in acute and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Clinical features of pulmonary aspergillosis are very similar to those of lung cancer. This report highlights pulmonary aspergillosis as an alternative diagnosis to lung cancer in patients with positive [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET scans and the need to strive for presurgical histological diagnosis.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, dysphagia and aortic fistula
Authors: C. Bailey, A. Toner, J. Nottingham, D. Hunter
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

recommended for patients with a salicylate exceeding 700 mg/L, our patient's age and frailty led us to try urinary alkalinization first and she showed rapid clinical improvement.A previous paper 5 has compared the use of bicarbonate infusion with haemofiltration in a single patient following two episodes of severe salicylate poisoning.The initial rate of decline in the salicylate concentration was faster with alkalinization of urine.
Active targeting of chemotherapy to disseminated tumors using nanoparticle-carrying T cells
Authors: Bonnie Huang, Wuhbet D. Abraham, Yiran Zheng, Sandra C. Bustamante López, Samantha S. Luo, Darrell J. Irvine
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Nanoparticle-functionalized T cells actively transport a cytotoxic drug to systemic sites of lymphoma dissemination, enhancing the efficacy of antitumor chemotherapy.
Mistakes in the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
Authors: C. E. SCHORER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Two groups of inpatients who were initially misdiagnosed are described. The pseudoschizophrenics showed little affect and had histories of exotic and sensational behavior; the initial misdiagnosis of schizophrenia appeared to be a moral censure. The pseudoneurotic schizophrenics (mistakenly diagnosed at admission as nonschizophrenic) had more affect and were frequently pregnant, affiliated with the medical profession, or twins; these diagnostic mistakes appeared to be attempts to protect someone from the label of schizophrenia.
Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease.
Authors: H. Frederiksen, R. T. Ravenholt
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A possible role of smoking in the pathogenesis of thromboembolism in combination with the use of oral contraceptives is suggested by the data of Vessey and Doll which indicate that the ratio of thromboembolic to control patients using oral  contraceptives and smoking 0-14 cigarettes per day was 3 to 1 (20.7% and 6.9% of total patients respectively) and the ratio of the same groups smoking 15 or more cigarettes daily was 14.2 to 1 (24.1% and 1.7% respectively).  Association between use of oral contraceptives and smoking was absent in control patients.  Until a potentiating effect of cigarette smoking on any etiological role of oral contraceptives is ruled out it is suggested that heavy smoking be considered a contraindication to oral contraceptive use.
Preferential Nuclear and Cytoplasmic NY-BR-1 Protein Expression in Primary Breast Cancer and Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Zsuzsanna Varga, Jean-Philippe Theurillat, Valeriy Filonenko, Bernd Sasse, Bernhard Odermatt, Achim A. Jungbluth, Yao-Tseng Chen, Lloyd J. Old, Alexander Knuth, Dirk Jäger, Holger Moch
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: NY-BR-1 is a recently isolated differentiation antigen, which is expressed in normal mammary tissue and in breast cancer. However, current data are based on RT-PCR analysis and nothing is known about the presence of NY-BR-1 on a protein level. We previously generated a monoclonal antibody to NY-BR-1 to study the protein expression of NY-BR-1. Methods: In our immunohistochemical study, NY-BR-1 was analyzed in normal tissues, various tumor types, 124 primary breast cancers, and 37 paired lymph node metastases. Results: Among normal tissues, NY-BR-1 was present solely in ductal epithelium of the breast. In tumors, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the breast were NY-BR-1 positive whereas other tumors and normal tissues were negative. Sixty percent of invasive breast carcinomas were NY-BR-1 positive, displaying cytoplasmic and/or nuclear immunoreactivity. This coexpression was verified by confocal microscopy. Although the monoclonal antibody identified intratumoral heterogeneity, a majority (72%) of NY-BR-1-positive carcinomas revealed immunoreactivity in &amp;gt;50% of the tumor cells. NY-BR-1 expression was more frequent in estrogen receptor–positive and lymph node–negative primary carcinomas (P &amp;lt; 0.05 each) and was more common in grade 1 (77%) than in grade 2 (63%) or grade 3 (50%) carcinomas (P &amp;lt; 0.05). This suggests that NY-BR-1 expression is lost with tumor progression. Forty-nine percent of lymph node metastases were NY-BR-1 positive. Conclusion: This study supports the notion that NY-BR-1 is a differentiation antigen of the breast, which is present in normal and tumorous mammary epithelium. The organ-specific expression of NY-BR-1 and its high prevalence in metastases indicate that it could be a valuable target for cancer immunotherapy.
THE PROFESSION AND THE POLITICIANS
Authors: G. B. Forge
Journal: BMJ (1912)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Predicted growth in world population will put unparalleled stress on the need for sustainable energy and global food production, as well as increase the likelihood of future pandemics. In this work, we identify high-resolution environmental zones in the context of a changing climate and predict longitudinal processes relevant to these challenges. We do this using exhaustive vector comparison methods that measure the climatic similarity between all locations on earth at high geospatial resolution. The results are captured as networks, in which edges between geolocations are defined if their historical climates exceed a similarity threshold. We then apply Markov clustering and our novel <i>Correlation of Correlations</i> method to the resulting climatic networks, which provides unprecedented agglomerative and longitudinal views of climatic relationships across the globe. The methods performed here resulted in the fastest (9.37 × 10<sup>18</sup> operations/sec) and one of the largest (168.7 × 10<sup>21</sup> operations) scientific computations ever performed, with more than 100 quadrillion edges considered for a single climatic network. Correlation and network analysis methods of this kind are widely applicable across computational and predictive biology domains, including systems biology, ecology, carbon cycles, biogeochemistry, and zoonosis research.
Suppression of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis by deoxyspergualin.
Authors: H Y Lan, M Zarama, D J Nikolic-Paterson, P G Kerr, R C Atkins
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Deoxyspergualin is an immunosuppressive drug which is effective in both preventing allograft rejection and suppressing steroid-resistant acute rejection. This study was designed to determine whether deoxyspergualin could suppress the development of rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis in antigen-primed animals. Accelerated anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis was induced by priming rats with rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG), followed 5 days later by an injection of rabbit anti-rat GBM serum (day 0). Groups of five animals were treated with deoxyspergualin (5 mg/kg.day) or saline by daily ip injection from day 0 until euthanasia on days 1, 7, 14, or 21. Deoxyspergualin treatment resulted in a significant suppression of renal disease. Compared with saline-treated controls, deoxyspergualin treatment reduced proteinuria, resolved hematuria, and completely prevented a fall in creatinine clearance. Deposition of rabbit IgG along the GBM was unaffected by deoxyspergualin treatment, but glomerular deposition of rat IgG and C3 was significantly reduced from day 14 onwards, which was associated with a significant reduction of circulating rat anti-rabbit IgG. Deoxyspergualin treatment also produced a dramatic improvement in renal histology. Glomerular necrosis, fibrosis, and crescent formation were markedly suppressed, whereas tubulointerstitial lesions were completely prevented. This was associated with a marked suppression of mononuclear cell infiltration and activation. In the glomerulus, macrophage infiltration was suppressed by approximately 50%, whereas accumulation of macrophages and immune-activated (interleukin-2 receptor) T cells within the interstitium was almost completely abrogated by deoxyspergualin treatment. In conclusion, deoxyspergualin was found to be effective in suppressing the development of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis in antigen-primed animals by acting on both the local cell-mediated response within the kidney and the systemic humoral immune response. Further work is warranted to determine whether this could be a useful drug for the treatment of human proliferative glomerulonephritis.
IL-13Rα2 and IL-10 coordinately suppress airway inflammation, airway-hyperreactivity, and fibrosis in mice
Authors: Mark S. Wilson, Eldad Elnekave, Margaret M. Mentink-Kane, Marcus G. Hodges, John T. Pesce, Thirumalai R. Ramalingam, Robert W. Thompson, Masahito Kamanaka, Richard A. Flavell, Andrea Keane-Myers, Allen W. Cheever, Thomas A. Wynn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Development of persistent Th2 responses in asthma and chronic helminth infections are a major health concern. IL-10 has been identified as a critical regulator of Th2 immunity, but mechanisms for controlling Th2 effector function remain unclear. IL-10 also has paradoxical effects on Th2-associated pathology, with IL-10 deficiency resulting in increased Th2-driven inflammation but also reduced airway hyperreactivity (AHR), mucus hypersecretion, and fibrosis. We demonstrate that increased IL-13 receptor α 2 (IL-13Rα2) expression is responsible for the reduced AHR, mucus production, and fibrosis in BALB/c IL-10–/– mice. Using models of allergic asthma and chronic helminth infection, we demonstrate that IL-10 and IL-13Rα2 coordinately suppress Th2-mediated inflammation and pathology, respectively. Although IL-10 was identified as the dominant antiinflammatory mediator, studies with double IL-10/IL-13Rα2–deficient mice illustrate an indispensable role for IL-13Rα2 in the suppression of AHR, mucus production, and fibrosis. Thus, IL-10 and IL-13Rα2 are both required to control chronic Th2-driven pathological responses.
Revisiting intrapleural fibrinolysis in empyema
Authors: Andrew Fester
Journal: Thorax (2011)

In this double-blind, double-dummy, factorial trial performed across 11 centres in the UK, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was used in combination with DNase in the treatment of pleural infection and compared with double placebo. Each treatment individually was also compared with the placebo group.

The primary end point measured the percentage change in area of …
Stimulation of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor‐γ limits NF‐κB‐dependent inflammation in mouse cystic fibrosis biliary epithelium
Authors: Roberto Scirpo, Romina Fiorotto, Ambra Villani, Mariangela Amenduni, Carlo Spirli, Mario Strazzabosco
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Cystic fibrosis–associated liver disease is a chronic cholangiopathy that negatively affects the quality of life of cystic fibrosis patients. In addition to reducing biliary chloride and bicarbonate secretion, up‐regulation of toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB)–dependent immune mechanisms plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis–associated liver disease and may represent a therapeutic target. Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that regulate several intracellular functions. Some nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ), may counterregulate inflammation in a tissue‐specific manner. In this study, we explored the anti‐inflammatory effect of PPAR‐γ stimulation in vivo in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) knockout mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate and in vitro in primary cholangiocytes isolated from wild‐type and from Cftr‐knockout mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide. We found that in CFTR‐defective biliary epithelium expression of PPAR‐γ is increased but that this does not result in increased receptor activity because the availability of bioactive ligands is reduced. Exogenous administration of synthetic agonists of PPAR‐γ (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) up‐regulates PPAR‐γ‐dependent genes, while inhibiting the activation of NF‐κB and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (lipopolysaccharide‐induced CXC chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, macrophage inflammatory protein‐2, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, keratinocyte chemoattractant) in response to lipopolysaccharide. PPAR‐γ agonists modulate NF‐κB‐dependent inflammation by up‐regulating nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor alpha, a negative regulator of NF‐κB. Stimulation of PPAR‐γ in vivo (rosiglitazone) significantly attenuates biliary damage and inflammation in Cftr‐knockout mice exposed to a dextran sodium sulfate–induced portal endotoxemia. Conclusion : These studies unravel a novel function of PPAR‐γ in controlling biliary epithelium inflammation and suggest that impaired activation of PPAR‐γ contributes to the chronic inflammatory state of CFTR‐defective cholangiocytes. (H epatology 2015;62:1551–1562)
Peripheral Demyelination and Neuropathic Pain Behavior in Periaxin-Deficient Mice
Authors: C.Stewart Gillespie, Diane L. Sherman, Susan M. Fleetwood-Walker, David F. Cottrell, Steven Tait, Emer M. Garry, Victoria C.J. Wallace, Jan Ure, Ian R. Griffiths, Austin Smith, Peter J. Brophy
Journal: Neuron (2000)
Certain Clinical States and Pathologic Changes Associated with Deeply Inverted T Waves in the Precordial Electrocardiogram
Authors: RAYMOND D. PRUITT, CLAYTON H. KLAKEG, LEMUEL E. CHAPIN
Journal: Circulation (1955)

A correlation of the clinical and electrocardiographic findings was undertaken in 110 cases which had in common the presence of deeply inverted T waves in central terminal leads centered about position 3 on the precordium. The results of this study are reviewed. A summary is presented of changes encountered at the time of necropsy in nine cases in which electrocardiographic changes of similar type had been recorded. These observations are integrated with concepts derived from the dipole theory. The total evidence is viewed in relation to observations reported by other investigators.
Prospective Study of C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events Among Apparently Healthy Women
Authors: Paul M. Ridker, Julie E. Buring, Jessie Shih, Mathew Matias, Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among apparently healthy men, but in women, virtually no data are available. Methods and Results —CRP was measured in baseline blood samples from 122 apparently healthy participants in the Women’s Health Study who subsequently suffered a first cardiovascular event and from 244 age- and smoking-matched control subjects who remained free of cardiovascular disease during a 3-year follow-up period. Women who developed cardiovascular events had higher baseline CRP levels than control subjects ( P =0.0001), such that those with the highest levels at baseline had a 5-fold increase in risk of any vascular event (RR=4.8; 95% CI, 2.3 to 10.1; P =0.0001) and a 7-fold increase in risk of MI or stroke (RR=7.3; 95% CI, 2.7 to 19.9; P =0.0001). Risk estimates were independent of other risk factors, and prediction models that included CRP provided a better method to predict risk than models that excluded CRP (all P values &lt;0.01). In stratified analyses, CRP was a predictor among subgroups of women with low as well as high risk as defined by other cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions —In these prospective data among women, CRP is a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease that adds to the predictive value of risk models based on usual factors alone.
MHC Class I–Related Chain A Conjugated to Antitumor Antibodies Can Sensitize Tumor Cells to Specific Lysis by Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Claire Germain, Christel Larbouret, Valérie Cesson, Alena Donda, Werner Held, Jean-Pierre Mach, André Pèlegrin, Bruno Robert
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: As a first step for the development of a new cancer immunotherapy strategy, we evaluated whether antibody-mediated coating by MHC class I–related chain A (MICA) could sensitize tumor cells to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells. Experimental Design: Recombinant MICA (rMICA) was chemically conjugated to Fab′ fragments from monoclonal antibodies specific for tumor-associated antigens, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, HER2, or CD20. Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed an efficient coating of MICA-negative human cancer cell lines with the Fab-rMICA conjugates. This was strictly dependent on the expression of the appropriate tumor-associated antigens in the target cells. Importantly, preincubation of the tumor cells with the appropriate Fab-rMICA conjugate resulted in NK cell–mediated tumor cell lysis. Antibody blocking of the NKG2D receptor in NK cells prevented conjugate-mediated tumor cell lysis. Conclusions: These results open the way to the development of immunotherapy strategies based on antibody-mediated targeting of MICA.
Nerve Growth Factor Promotes Cardiac Repair following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Marco Meloni, Andrea Caporali, Gallia Graiani, Costanza Lagrasta, Rajesh Katare, Sophie Van Linthout, Frank Spillmann, Ilaria Campesi, Paolo Madeddu, Federico Quaini, Costanza Emanueli
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte survival, which are both desirable for postinfarction myocardial healing. Nonetheless, the NGF potential for cardiac repair has never been investigated.To define expression and localization of NGF and its high-affinity receptor TrkA (tropomyosin-related receptor A) in the human infarcted heart and to investigate the cardiac roles of both endogenous and engineered NGF using a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI).Immunostaining for NGF and TrkA was performed on heart samples from humans deceased of MI or unrelated pathologies. To study the post-MI functions of endogenous NGF, a NGF-neutralizing antibody (Ab-NGF) or nonimmune IgG (control) was given to MI mice. To investigate the NGF therapeutic potential, human NGF gene or control (empty vector) was delivered to the murine periinfarct myocardium. Results indicate that NGF is present in the infarcted human heart. Both cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) possess TrkA, which suggests NGF cardiovascular actions in humans. In MI mice, Ab-NGF abrogated native reparative angiogenesis, increased EC and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and worsened cardiac function. Conversely, NGF gene transfer ameliorated EC and cardiomyocyte survival, promoted neovascularization and improved myocardial blood flow and cardiac function. The prosurvival/proangiogenic Akt/Foxo pathway mediated the therapeutic benefits of NGF transfer. Moreover, NGF overexpression increased stem cell factor (the c-kit receptor ligand) expression, which translated in higher myocardial abundance of c-kit(pos) progenitor cells in NGF-engineered hearts.NGF elicits pleiotropic beneficial actions in the post-MI heart. NGF should be considered as a candidate for therapeutic cardiac regeneration.