tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ECCENTRIC EXERCISES COMBINED WITH ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN THE TREATMENT OF JUMPER'S KNEE: A STUDY ON SIX HIGH LEVEL JUMPING ATHLETES
Authors: A Basas García, A Lorenzo, M A Gómez-Ruano, T Fernández Jaén, G Álvarez Rey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction Treatment of patellar tendinopathy (PT)/Jumper's knee (JK) is known to be difficult, and there is no treatment of choice. This work analyses the development of a protocol using eccentric exercises and electrical stimulation, both using maximum tendon loading, to treat elite athletes suffering from Jumper's knee. Methods Six high level jumping athletes with chronic painful PT/JK completed a 6-month treatment/training programme using eccentric exercises and electrical stimulation. The protocol was done12 weeks in the winter pre-season and 10 weeks in the summer pre-season, for all together 36 months. Pain during patellar tendon loading activity was evaluated on a VAS, before the first session and then every 6 months. Results The VAS average fell significantly when the initial measurement is compared with those at 18, 24 and 48 months (p&lt;0.01). There were no significant differences between the other comparisons, although they always improved when the protocol was followed and worsened following interruption of the latter (p&gt;0.05). Discussion In a small group of high level jumping athletes with chronic painful PT/JK, eccentric exercises combined with electrical stimulation showed promising clinical results with significant pain reduction during tendon loading activity.
In Vivo Histopathology for Detection of Gastrointestinal Neoplasia With a Portable, Confocal Miniprobe: An Examiner Blinded Analysis
Authors: Alexander Meining, Dieter Saur, Monther Bajbouj, Valentin Becker, Eric Peltier, Heinz Höfler, Claus Hann von Weyhern, Roland M. Schmid, Christian Prinz
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
STAT1 contributes to HLA class I upregulation and CTL reactivity after anti-EGFR mAb cetuximab therapy in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Raghvendra M Srivastava, Hyun-bae Jie, Soldano Ferrone, Robert L Ferris
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) cells express low HLA class I and antigen processing machinery (APM) components, such as transporter TAP-1/2, which is associated with the reduced sensitivity to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated lysis. Epidermal growth factor
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) treatment for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: where do we stand?
Authors: P Cacoub, A Delluc, D Saadoun, D A Landau, D Sene
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) vasculitis represents a complication of the B cell response to a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent reports describe the use of monoclonal antibodies directed to CD20 antigen (rituximab), a transmembrane protein expressed on pre-B lymphocytes and mature lymphocytes. The goal of this article is therefore to review published data in order to better analyse the efficacy and tolerance of rituximab treatment in patients with MC vasculitis. After systematic review of the literature and exclusion of review papers, 13 manuscripts were identified that reported on a total number of 57 cases of MC secondary to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (75.4%) or essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (24.6%). Previous treatments failed to control the main signs of vasculitis; these were either HCV (n = 37) or immunomodulating treatments. Most patients (48 out of 57) received four weekly consecutive intravenous infusions of 375 mg/m<sup>2</sup> of rituximab. The duration of follow-up after rituximab therapy was 9.7 months. Rituximab infusions had great efficacy on the main vasculitis signs, with a clinical response in 80–93% patients. A relapse of MC was noted in 14 out of 36 (39%) patients. A relatively small number of side effects were reported. We conclude that rituximab therapy for patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis, HCV-induced or essential, shows great efficacy on the main vasculitis signs in the majority of reported patients. A relapse of cryoglobulinemia vasculitis was frequently noted. Randomised controlled trials with long-term study are needed to form definitive conclusions on the benefit/risk ratio of rituximab therapy in such patients.
THE HISTOGENESIS OF BASEMENT MEMBRANES
Authors: G. B. Pierce, A. R. Midgley, J. Sri Ram
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

A parietal yolk sac carcinoma of the mouse that secretes large quantities of basement membrane-like material has been used to study the formation of basement membranes. Suitably characterized fluorescein-labeled antibodies against this material stained basement membranes of epithelial structures and vessels, as well as reticulin. When absorbed with reticulin and vascular basement membranes of the spleen until these structures no longer fluoresced, the antibody still stained the basement membrane-like material of the tumor, its normal embryonic counterpart (Reichert's membrane), and the basement membranes at the bases of epithelial cells. The observation made previously that parietal yolk sac cells secreted, in the absence of connective tissue and reticulin, the basement membrane (Reichert's membrane) upon which they rested has been confirmed through the localization of ferritin-labeled antibody to the endoplasmic reticulin of the secreting cells. Since a basement membrane proven to be an epithelial secretion is antigenically similar to basement membranes at the bases of all epithelial cells studied but antigenically different from connective tissue elements, it is postulated that the basement membranes at the bases of epithelial cells in general are an epithelial secretion, and are not a condensation of ground substance as is commonly believed.
Expression of cyclooxygenase 2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1, and EP receptors is increased in rat oesophageal squamous cell dysplasia and Barrett's metaplasia induced by duodenal contents reflux
Authors: T J Jang
Journal: Gut (2003)

The literature is replete with diabetic foot problems throughout the world, but few has been written about the problem in the Middle East and even in the Arab world. After reviewing these discussions, we realized that the magnitude of the problem is not yet appreciated for many reasons. In this paper, we explained why it is more prevalent, less managed and has been associated with worse health outcomes in diabetic patients in the Arab world. We believe that the leading problems are preventable, and this cancer can be controlled in a simple cost-effective way.
Interferon‐gamma in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: influence on T‐cell activation
Authors: J. Musial, M. Milewski, A. Undas, P. Kopinski, M. Duplaga, A. Szczeklik
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing skin disease characterized by various immunologic abnormalities. Its pathogenesis remains obscure and its treatment difficult. We have studied the efficacy of systemic recombinant human interferon‐gamma (rhIFN‐γ) treatment (0.05 mg/m 2 sc on 3 consecutive days, during 4 weeks) in 10 patients with severe AD. Marked clinical improvement was observed starting from the third week of treatment. Erythema, dryness, and lichenification were the most responsive symptoms. Serum immunoglobulin E and IgG4 levels did not change during treatment. Blood eosinophil count decreased only transiently at the end of the first and second series of injections (days 4 and 11; P = 0.02). Patients with AD showed an increase in CD25‐positive cells (11.0% vs 4.88%; P = 0.0001) as compared to 10 age‐matched healthy controls. Moreover, in parallel with clinical improvement, a distinct decrease in CD25‐positive lymphocytes was observed on days 32 and 50 ( P = 0.002 and P = 0.006, respectively). We suggest that in AD the beneficial effect of rhIFN‐γ might be related to the inhibition of excessive T‐cell activation, perhaps of the subpopulations, producing interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐5.
Treatment of ulcerative colitis with fish oil supplementation: a prospective 12 month randomised controlled trial.
Authors: A B Hawthorne, T K Daneshmend, C J Hawkey, A Belluzzi, S J Everitt, G K Holmes, C Malkinson, M Z Shaheen, J E Willars
Journal: Gut (1992)

The effect of fish oil on the course of ulcerative colitis was investigated in a randomised blinded controlled study. Eighty seven patients received supplements of 20 ml HiEPA fish oil as triglyceride (4.5 g of eicosapentaenoic acid) or olive oil placebo daily for one year. The oils were given in addition to standard drug therapy and trial entry was stratified for disease activity. Fish oil significantly increased the eicosapentaenoic acid content of rectal mucosa to 3.2% of total fatty acids at six months, compared with 0.63% for patients on olive oil. This was associated with increased synthesis of leukotriene B5, and 53% suppression of leukotriene B4 synthesis by ionophore--stimulated neutrophils. Leukotriene B4 suppression persisted for at least two months after treatment was stopped. Treatment with fish oil resulted in measurable, but only limited clinical benefit. For patients entering the trial in relapse (n = 53), there was a significant reduction in corticosteroid requirement after one and two months treatment. There was a trend towards achieving remission (off corticosteroids) faster in the patients on fish oil, although differences were not significant. For patients in remission at trial entry or during the trial (n = 69), there was no significant difference in the rate of relapse by log rank analysis. We conclude that fish oil supplementation produces a modest corticosteroid sparing effect in active disease, but there is no benefit in maintenance therapy.
Joint consultation of general practitioner and rheumatologist: does it matter?
Authors: G J C Schulpen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

To assess the effects of joint consultation on referral behaviour of general practitioners (GPs) in a prospective cohort study.All patients with rheumatological complaints that 17 participating GPs, from the area of the University Hospital Maastricht, wanted to refer during a two year inclusion period (n=166) were eligible for inclusion. These patients were either referred to the outpatient clinic, or presented at a joint consultation held every six weeks at the practice of the GP, where groups of three GPs presented their patients to a visiting, consulting rheumatologist. The number of patients referred by each GP a year at the end of the trial, comparing participating and non-participating GPs, was the main outcome measure.During two years of inclusion, the 17 participating GPs presented 166 patients. The number of patients referred by each GP a year decreased for the participating GPs by 62% at the end of the whole study. By contrast, non-participating GPs maintained the same rate of referral. The range of diagnoses remained proportionally the same throughout the study, with the exception of fibromyalgia. The referral rate of this diagnosis decreased significantly (p=0.001).Joint consultation seems to be a good strategy in influencing the referral behaviour of GPs in the area of rheumatology. The decrease in referral is substantial and can subsequently lead to a reduction of waiting lists.
Primary adrenal natural killer/T‐cell nasal type lymphoma: First case report in adults
Authors: Michael A. Thompson, Mouhammed A. Habra, Mark J. Routbort, F. Christopher Holsinger, Nancy D. Perrier, Steven G. Waguespack, Maria A. Rodriguez
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

We report the first case of a primary adrenal natural killer (NK)/T-cell nasal type lymphoma in adults. The patient presented with an enlarging left adrenal mass and the initial concern was for adrenocortical carcinoma. Surgical resection revealed NK/T-cell lymphoma. Rapid recurrence in the contralateral adrenal gland was treated with a single cycle of chemotherapy before he died due to infectious complications and progressive disease. This case demonstrates the aggressive presentation of a novel subset of primary adrenal lymphoma that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly enlarging adrenal mass.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies induce monocyte IL-8 release. Role of surface proteinase-3, alpha1-antitrypsin, and Fcgamma receptors.
Authors: D R Ralston, C B Marsh, M P Lowe, M D Wewers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA) that accompany the neutrophilic vasculitis seen in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), are directed against proteinase-3 (PR-3), a serine proteinase which is located in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and monocytes. PR-3, when expressed on the surface of TNFalpha-primed neutrophils, can directly activate neutrophils by complexing cANCA and promoting concomitant Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) cross-linking. Although the neutrophil's pathogenic role in WG has been studied, the role of the monocyte has not been explored. The monocyte, with its ability to release cytokines and regulate neutrophil influx, also expresses PR-3. Therefore, the monocyte may play a significant role in WG via the interaction of surface PR-3 with cANCA, inducing cytokine release by the monocyte. To test this hypothesis, monocytes were studied for PR-3 expression and for IL-8 release in response to cANCA IgG. PBMC obtained from healthy donors displayed dramatic surface PR-3 expression as detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry in response to 0. 5-h pulse with TNFalpha (2 ng/ml). Purified monoclonal anti-PR-3 IgG added to TNFalpha-primed PBMC induced 45-fold more IL-8 release than an isotype control antibody. Furthermore, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT), the primary PR-3 antiprotease, inhibited the anti-PR-3 induced IL-8 release by 80%. Importantly, Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of anti-PR-3 IgG, which do not result in Fcgamma receptor cross-linking, do not induce IL-8 release. As a correlate, IgG isolated from cANCA positive patients with WG induced six times as much PBMC IL-8 release as compared to IgG isolated from normal healthy volunteers. Consistent with PR-3 associated IL-8 induction, alpha1-AT significantly inhibited this effect. These observations suggest that cANCA may recruit and target neutrophils through promoting monocyte IL-8 release. This induction is mediated via Fcgamma receptor cross-linking and is regulated in part by alpha1-AT.
Regulation of the immune response. I. The potentiation of in vivo and in vitro immune responses by Fc fragments
Authors: EL Morgan, SM Walker, ML Thoman, WO Weigle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Fc fragments derived from human and murine Ig were found to be potent adjuvants when administered with antigen. Both the in vivo and in vitro anti- sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) responses were significantly enhanced by Fc fragments. The adjuvant effect was shown to be extremely dependent upon the dose of antigen used, with the greatest enhancement occurring when suboptimal doses of antigen are employed. The anti-genicity of the Fc molecule was not related to its adjuvanticity because homologous Fc was as potent an adjuvant as heterologous Fc. Moreover, human Fc fragments enhanced anti-SRBC responses in mice which were tolerant to human gamma globulin.
Sonographic Evaluation of Fetal Growth and Body Composition in Women With Different Degrees of Normal Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Elena Parretti, Lucia Carignani, Riccardo Cioni, Elisa Bartoli, Patrizia Borri, Pasquale La Torre, Federico Mecacci, Elisabetta Martini, Gianfranco Scarselli, Giorgio Mello
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To investigate the maternal demographic and metabolic factors contributing to the growth of fetal lean and fat body mass in women whose degree of glucose intolerance is less than that defining gestational diabetes in comparison with women with normal glucose metabolism.Longitudinal sonographic examinations of 66 singleton fetuses without anomalies of nonobese mothers with abnormal oral glucose challenge test (GCT) results and without gestational diabetes (group 1) were compared with those of 123 singleton fetuses without anomalies of nonobese mothers with normal GCT values (group 2). Lean body mass measurements included head circumference, femur length, mid-upper arm, and mid-thigh central areas. Fat body mass measurements included the anterior abdominal wall thickness, the subscapular thickness, and the mid-upper arm and mid-thigh subcutaneous areas. All the women performed a 24-h glucose profile on the day preceding the ultrasound scan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis established best-fit equations for fetal sonographic measurements of fat and lean body mass. Independent variables included groups 1 and 2, maternal age, parity, prepregnancy BMI, gestational age, weight gain during pregnancy, fetal sex, and the following averaged 24-h profile maternal capillary blood glucose values: preprandial, 1-h postprandial, and 2-h postprandial.No difference was found between the two groups with respect to fetal lean body mass parameters; the factors that contributed significantly and most frequently were gestational age and fetal sex (male). With respect to fetal fat body mass, all the measurements were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. In all instances, the significantly contributing factors were gestational age and maternal 1-h postprandial glucose values, whereas another frequent contributor was prepregnancy BMI.Our study suggests the possibility of using sonographically determined fetal fat and lean mass measurements as indicators of body composition. The assessment of these parameters, achievable in a noninvasive and reproducible fashion in pregnancies complicated by glucose intolerance, might enable the real-time detection of fetal overgrowth and disproportion, thus opening the possibility of exploring interventions to limit fetal fat accretion, birth weight, and potential resulting morbidity.
A Human Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail as a Novel Component of Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis
Authors: John de Kruif, Alexander B.H. Bakker, Wilfred E. Marissen, R. Arjen Kramer, Mark Throsby, Charles E. Rupprecht, Jaap Goudsmit
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2006)

The currently recommended treatment for individuals exposed to rabies virus is the combined administration of rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin (RIG). This review sets out the criteria used to guide development of a cocktail of human monoclonal antibodies as a replacement for RIG. Using this process as a model, the general requirements for development of safe and efficacious monoclonal antibody alternatives to currently used polyclonal serum products are discussed.
Characterization and Multiparameter Analysis of Visual Adverse Events in Irofulven Single-Agent Phase I and II Trials
Authors: Eric Raymond, Carmen Kahatt, Marie Hélène Rigolet, William Sutherland, François Lokiec, Jérôme Alexandre, Bertrand Tombal, Michael Elman, Michael S. Lee, John R. MacDonald, Michael Cullen, Jean-Louis Misset, Esteban Cvitkovic
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Irofulven (6-hydroxymethylacylfulvene) is a novel agent, derived from illudin S, with potent apoptotic effects in preclinical models. In the Phase I trial evaluating intermittent weekly schedules, visual symptoms were dose limiting. The aim of this analysis was to better characterize the visual adverse events of irofulven and provide treatment guidelines. Experimental Design: Clinical data from 277 patients entered in single-agent Phase I to II clinical trials who received irofulven on days 1 and 15 every 4 weeks; days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks; or days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks were included in this multiparameter analysis. Results: Overall, 74 patients (27%) experienced visual symptoms. The most frequently reported symptoms were flashing lights (12% of patients), blurred vision (9%), and photosensitivity (8%). Grade 3 toxicity was observed in 12 patients (4%). The incidence and severity of visual events were dose dependent, with no grade 3 visual events occurring at doses ≤0.50 mg/kg and grade 1 to 2 events in only 12% and 8% of patients, at doses of ≤0.50 mg/kg and ≤20 mg/m2, respectively. Grade 1 to 2 toxicity was reversible in most patients. Abnormal electroretinogram and abnormal visual fields were noted after irofulven treatment in 24 of 39 patients (62%) and 15 of 26 patients (58%), respectively. All but 1 patient who had electroretinogram assessment received doses &amp;gt;0.50 mg/kg. Clinical examination and visual field assessment were found to be better correlated with symptoms and appear to be more appropriate for surveillance of irofulven retinal symptoms than electroretinograms. Conclusions: On the basis of retained antitumor activity and reversibility of grade 1 and 2 visual symptoms at lower doses, it appears that an irofulven dose of ≤0.50 mg/kg or ≤20 mg/m2, not to exceed 50 mg in a single dose, given as a 30-minute infusion on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks or days 1 and 15 every 4 weeks minimizes the frequency and severity of visual symptoms.
DAIRY INFECTION WITH STREPTOCOCCUS EPIDEMICUS
Authors: J. Howard Brown, Marion L. Orcutt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

A streptococcus epidemic of moderate extent and severity was characterized by clinical symptoms different from the usual septic sore throat, though the organism found was culturally Streptococcus epidemicus. The infection was traced to the milk from a single quarter of the udder of a cow in a dairy of 112 cows producing an otherwise excellent grade of raw milk. A number of the milkers on the dairy farm were found infected. It was impossible to trace the infection of the cow's udder to any one of the milkers, though such an infection seems probable since the streptococcus isolated from the cow was in every respect like streptococci isolated from patients and milkers, and different from those usually found in normal cows or cows with garget. Certain recommendations are made to safeguard producers of raw milk against the occurrence of such epidemics.
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES AS A CAUSE OF ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE IN RATS (WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE VITAMIN B2 COMPLEX)
Authors: Royall M. Calder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

The effects of dietary deficiencies on the blood pressure of rats were studied, with especial reference to vitamin B deficiencies. A deficiency of the entire vitamin B complex was followed by a slight fall in blood pressure. A deficiency of only thse heat-stable fractions was followed by a significant and persistent rise in pressure, which could be reversed by restoring these factors to the diet. Partial deficiencies were followed by a higher rise of blood pressure than were complete deficiencies, perhaps because of the debilitating effects of the latter. Even an excessive intake of the heat-stable fractions of the vitamin B complex did not prevent entirely a rise of pressure if the diet was otherwise deficient. Under the latter conditions, the rise in pressure was slower and less marked than in those animals with a deficiency of the vitamin B(2) complex only. It therefore appears that, while a deficiency of the vitamin B(2) complex plays a dominant rôle in causing a rise of blood pressure in rats, other dietary factors as yet undefined are also involved. From analogy with other deficiency states, it is possible that thsese undefined nutritional factors cause their effects by interfering with absorption and utilization of the vitamin B(2) complex.