tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin G antibodies directed against protein III block killing of serum-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae by immune serum.
Authors: P A Rice, H E Vayo, M R Tam, M S Blake
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae that resist complement-dependent killing by normal human serum (NHS) are sometimes killed by immune convalescent serum from patients recovering from disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). In these studies, killing by immune serum was prevented or blocked by IgG isolated from NHS. Purified human IgG antibodies directed against gonococcal protein III, an antigenically conserved outer membrane protein, contained most of the blocking activity in IgG. Antibodies specific for gonococcal porin (protein I), the major outer membrane protein, displayed no blocking function. In separate experiments, immune convalescent DGI serum which did not exhibit bactericidal activity was restored to killing by selective depletion of protein III antibodies by immunoabsorption. These studies indicate that protein III antibodies in normal and immune human serum play a role in serum resistance of N. gonorrhoeae.
28 Results of a phase iii randomized controlled study comparing the survival of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with nolatrexed (NOL) or doxorubicin (DOX)
Authors: R. Gish, C. Porta, P. Ruff, R. Feld, L. Feun, K. Jeziorski, J. Leighton, G. Kennealey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Linking risk conferring mutations in NCF4 to functional consequences in Crohn's disease: Figure 1
Authors: R Somasundaram, J J Deuring, C J van der Woude, M P Peppelenbosch, G M Fuhler
Journal: Gut (2011)

We read with interest the paper from Muise et al in which they describe a rare variant in the NCF2 gene, which demonstrates a diminished RAC2 binding capacity.1 The NCF2 encoded protein p67phox is one of the components of the NADPH oxidase complex which drives the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the bactericidal response of innate immune cells. Output of disturbed granulocytic ROS as a result of impaired functioning of this enzyme complex has been shown in a number of diseases, including myelodysplasia (MDS) and chronic granulomatous disease.2 3 As Muise and colleagues point out, these diseases have been linked to development of a colitis resembling that seen in Crohn's disease (CD), suggesting a potential role for impaired ROS production in CD pathology.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are a promising tool to identify genetic variants …
T lymphocyte recognition of peptide antigens: evidence favoring the formation of neoantigenic determinants.
Authors: D W Thomas, M D Hoffman, G D Wilner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

To more precisely define the nature of exogenous antigenic determinants recognized by T cells, the response to fibrinopeptide fragment B beta 7-14 and a peptide of the inverted amino acid sequence of B beta 7-14 was examined. Strain 2 guinea pig T cells immunized with B beta 7-14 showed in vitro proliferative responses with B beta 7-14, but failed to respond to the inverted B beta 7-14 peptide. Moreover, the inverted B beta 7-14 peptide was nonimmunogenic and failed to prime strain 2 T cells for responses to native or inverted B beta 7-14. These results suggest that T cell recognition of peptide antigens involves more than simple interactions with amino acid side chains and that the ordering of the amino acids within the peptide is critical. One interpretation of these results is that T cells exhibit polarity in reading of antigenic determinants and peptides become associated with self in some fashion to form a neoantigenic determinant. To test this possibility, a Gly residue was added to the carboxyl end of B beta 7-14 (B beta 7-15), which is the likely site of attachment to self. It was found that strain 13 guinea pigs, which are totally unresponsive to B beta 7-14, produced T cell responses to B beta 7-15. This observation is consistent with the interpretation that Gly spaces the B beta 7-14 away from self to form an antigenic determinant complementary to strain 13 T cell antigen recognition structures. These results are discussed with respect to several mechanisms for immune response gene control of T cell responses.
Angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the kidney.
Authors: R M Edwards, N Aiyar
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

The kidney is an important target organ for angiotensin II. The diverse biologic effects of angiotensin II in the kidney and periphery suggest that angiotensin II may be interacting with more than one receptor. Recently, the synthesis of highly selective nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists and the expression cloning of the angiotensin receptor have unequivocally demonstrated the existence of at least two angiotensin II receptor subtypes, designated AT1 and AT2. Autoradiography and ligand binding studies have shown that most tissues, including the kidney, have a mixture of both receptor subtypes. The AT1 receptor is coupled via G proteins to traditional signal transduction mechanisms such as stimulation of phospholipase C, Ca2+ mobilization, and inhibition of adenylate cyclase. The AT2 receptor does not appear to be coupled to G proteins, and the signal transduction pathway(s) associated with this receptor is not known but may involve cGMP. In the kidney, as in the periphery, all of the major physiologic actions of angiotensin II appear to be mediated by activation of the AT1 receptor. In this review, the general characteristics of the AT1 and AT2 receptors and their distribution and function in the kidney will be discussed.
ERK1/2 Regulation of CD44 Modulates Oral Cancer Aggressiveness
Authors: Nancy P. Judd, Ashley E. Winkler, Oihana Murillo-Sauca, Joshua J. Brotman, Jonathan H. Law, James S. Lewis, Gavin P. Dunn, Jack D. Bui, John B. Sunwoo, Ravindra Uppaluri
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Carcinogen-induced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) incurs significant morbidity and mortality and constitutes a global health challenge. To gain further insight into this disease, we generated cell line models from 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced murine primary OSCC capable of tumor formation upon transplantation into immunocompetent wild-type mice. Whereas several cell lines grew rapidly and were capable of metastasis, some grew slowly and did not metastasize. Aggressively growing cell lines displayed ERK1/2 activation, which stimulated expression of CD44, a marker associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition and putative cancer stem cells. MEK (MAP/ERK kinase) inhibition upstream of ERK1/2 decreased CD44 expression and promoter activity and reduced cell migration and invasion. Conversely, MEK1 activation enhanced CD44 expression and promoter activity, whereas CD44 attenuation reduced in vitro migration and in vivo tumor formation. Extending these findings to freshly resected human OSCC, we confirmed a strict relationship between ERK1/2 phosphorylation and CD44 expression. In summary, our findings identify CD44 as a critical target of ERK1/2 in promoting tumor aggressiveness and offer a preclinical proof-of-concept to target this pathway as a strategy to treat head and neck cancer.
Role of Nuclear Ca <sup>2+</sup> /Calmodulin-Stimulated Phosphodiesterase 1A in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth and Survival
Authors: David J. Nagel, Toru Aizawa, Kye-Im Jeon, Weimin Liu, Amy Mohan, Heng Wei, Joseph M. Miano, Vincent A. Florio, Pingjin Gao, Vyacheslav A. Korshunov, Bradford C. Berk, Chen Yan
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

In response to biological and mechanical injury, or in vitro culturing, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo phenotypic modulation from a differentiated "contractile" phenotype to a dedifferentiated "synthetic" one. This results in the capacity to proliferate, migrate, and produce extracellular matrix proteins, thus contributing to neointimal formation. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), by hydrolyzing cAMP or cGMP, are critical in the homeostasis of cyclic nucleotides that regulate VSMC growth. Here, we demonstrate that PDE1A, a Ca2+-calmodulin-stimulated PDE preferentially hydrolyzing cGMP, is predominantly cytoplasmic in medial "contractile" VSMCs but is nuclear in neointimal "synthetic" VSMCs. Using primary VSMCs, we show that cytoplasmic and nuclear PDE1A were associated with a contractile marker (SM-calponin) and a growth marker (Ki-67), respectively. This suggests that cytoplasmic PDE1A is associated with the "contractile" phenotype, whereas nuclear PDE1A is with the "synthetic" phenotype. To determine the role of nuclear PDE1A, we examined the effects loss-of-PDE1A function on subcultured VSMC growth and survival using PDE1A RNA interference and pharmacological inhibition. Reducing PDE1A function significantly attenuated VSMC growth by decreasing proliferation via G1 arrest and inducing apoptosis. Inhibiting PDE1A also led to intracellular cGMP elevation, p27Kip1 upregulation, cyclin D1 downregulation, and p53 activation. We further demonstrated that in subcultured VSMCs redifferentiated by growth on collagen gels, cytoplasmic PDE1A regulates myosin light chain phosphorylation with little effect on apoptosis, whereas inhibiting nuclear PDE1A has the opposite effects. These suggest that nuclear PDE1A is important in VSMC growth and survival and may contribute to the neointima formation in atherosclerosis and restenosis.
Energy Metabolism of Human Neutrophils during Phagocytosis
Authors: Niels Borregaard, Troels Herlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Detailed quantitative studies were performed on the generation and utilization of energy by resting and phagocytosing human neutrophils. The ATP content was 1.9 fmol/cell, was constant during rest, and was not influenced by the presence or absence of glucose in the medium. The intracellular content of phosphocreatine was less than 0.2 fmol/cell.
Prolonged Zidovudine Therapy in Patients With AIDS and Advanced AIDS-Related Complex
Authors: Margaret A. Fischl
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We examined the long-term safety and efficacy of zidovudine therapy in 229 subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex who previously participated in a placebo-controlled study of zidovudine. One hundred two placebo recipients (delayed treatment group) and 127 zidovudine recipients (original treatment group) were followed up while receiving zidovudine therapy for a mean of 21 months. Survival rates for the original treatment group were 84.5% and 57.6% at 12 and 21 months, respectively; for the delayed treatment group, 78.8% and 64.6% at 12 and 18 months, respectively; and 78.8% and 47.5% at 12 and 21 months, respectively, for 77 subjects with AIDS and 93.0% and 71.8%, respectively, for 50 subjects with AIDS-related complex in the original treatment group. Adverse reactions decreased over time and newly observed toxic reactions were unusual. The clinical course of these subjects suggests continued survival benefits with long-term zidovudine therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:2405-2410)
Maintenance of DQB1 polymorphisms in primates.
Authors: L K Gaur, A L Hughes, E R Heise, J Gutknecht
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1992)

To understand the evolution of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) DQB1 locus in primates, the second exons of seven DQB1 alleles from five non-human primate species were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Comparisons of these and other primate sequences show that no between-species diversity is greater than within-species diversity, suggesting maintenance of DQB1 alleles through the history of Old-World primates. There is a preponderance of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions at antigen-binding-site codons; this pattern is in marked contrast to what is seen at the closely related, presumably nonfunctional DQB2 gene. The results support the hypothesis that DQB1 polymorphism is maintained by overdominant selection relating to antigen presentation.
IgA antibodies of coeliac disease patients recognise a dominant T cell epitope of A-gliadin
Authors: E A L Bateman
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> In coeliac disease (CD) patients, the dominant DQ2-Α-I-gliadin peptide recognised by CD4 T cells is contained within peptide sequence 57–73 (p57-73) of Α-gliadin. This peptide sequence is also located within a 33-mer protease resistant gliadin fragment and therefore is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CD. <b>Aims:</b> Our aim was to determine whether a B cell epitope was present within the immunodominant T cell epitope of Α-gliadin and, if so, to elucidate its sequence and determine the importance of deamidation and/or modification of the amino acid at position 65 for IgA binding. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A cohort of CD patients, disease controls, and healthy individuals were examined. Serum IgA antibodies to the native and modified p57-73 fragment of Α-gliadin were analysed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Peptide scanning experiments were further used to elucidate the B cell epitope. <b>Results and conclusion:</b> IgA antibodies to p57-73 were found in 29/72 (40.2%) endomysial antibody positive patients, all of whom had CD. The peptide antibody appeared to be present when patients were on a diet containing gluten and declined on a gluten free diet. The p57-73 antibody was very specific for CD (98%) and had a sensitivity of 56%. The amino acid at position 65 was not important for IgA binding but was crucial for T cell recognition of p57-73. Pentapeptide PXPQP emerges as a potentially strong candidate for the IgA binding motif in this region of Α-gliadin. This study shows that a significant proportion of newly diagnosed CD patients have an antibody response to the immunodominant T cell epitope.
Bortezomib Plus Dexamethasone Is Superior to Vincristine Plus Doxorubicin Plus Dexamethasone As Induction Treatment Prior to Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Results of the IFM 2005-01 Phase III Trial
Authors: Jean-Luc Harousseau, Michel Attal, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Gerald Marit, Denis Caillot, Mohamad Mohty, Pascal Lenain, Cyrille Hulin, Thierry Facon, Philippe Casassus, Mauricette Michallet, Hervé Maisonneuve, Lotfi Benboubker, Frédéric Maloisel, Marie-Odile Petillon, Iain Webb, Claire Mathiot, Philippe Moreau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

To compare efficacy and safety of bortezomib plus dexamethasone and vincristine plus doxorubicin plus dexamethasone (VAD) as induction before stem-cell transplantation in previously untreated myeloma.Four hundred eighty-two patients were randomly assigned to VAD (n = 121), VAD plus dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin (DCEP) consolidation (n = 121), bortezomib plus dexamethasone (n = 121), or bortezomib plus dexamethasone plus DCEP (n = 119), followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation. Patients not achieving very good partial response (VGPR) required a second transplantation. The primary end point was postinduction complete response/near complete response (CR/nCR) rate.Postinduction CR/nCR (14.8% v 6.4%), at least VGPR (37.7% v 15.1%), and overall response (78.5% v 62.8%) rates were significantly higher with bortezomib plus dexamethasone versus VAD; CR/nCR and at least VGPR rates were higher regardless of disease stage or adverse cytogenetic abnormalities. Response rates were similar in patients who did and did not receive DCEP. Post first transplantation, CR/nCR (35.0% v 18.4%) and at least VGPR (54.3% v 37.2%) rates remained significantly higher with bortezomib plus dexamethasone. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 36.0 months versus 29.7 months (P = .064) with bortezomib plus dexamethasone versus VAD; respective 3-year survival rates were 81.4% and 77.4% (median follow-up, 32.2 months). The incidence of severe adverse events appeared similar between groups, but hematologic toxicity and deaths related to toxicity (zero v seven) were more frequent with VAD. Conversely, rates of grade 2 (20.5% v 10.5%) and grades 3 to 4 (9.2% v 2.5%) peripheral neuropathy during induction through first transplantation were significantly higher with bortezomib plus dexamethasone.Bortezomib plus dexamethasone significantly improved postinduction and post-transplantation CR/nCR and at least VGPR rates compared with VAD and resulted in a trend for longer PFS. Bortezomib plus dexamethasone should therefore be considered a standard of care in this setting.
A Robust Algorithm for Copy Number Detection Using High-Density Oligonucleotide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping Arrays
Authors: Yasuhito Nannya, Masashi Sanada, Kumi Nakazaki, Noriko Hosoya, Lili Wang, Akira Hangaishi, Mineo Kurokawa, Shigeru Chiba, Dione K. Bailey, Giulia C. Kennedy, Seishi Ogawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract We have developed a robust algorithm for copy number analysis of the human genome using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays containing 116,204 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The advantages of this algorithm include the improvement of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and the use of an optimized reference. The raw S/N ratios were improved by accounting for the length and GC content of the PCR products using quadratic regressions. The use of constitutional DNA, when available, gives the lowest SD values (0.16 ± 0.03) and also enables allele-based copy number detection in cancer genomes, which can unmask otherwise concealed allelic imbalances. In the absence of constitutional DNA, optimized selection of multiple normal references with the highest S/N ratios, in combination with the data regressions, dramatically improves SD values from 0.67 ± 0.12 to 0.18 ± 0.03. These improvements allow for highly reliable comparison of data across different experimental conditions, detection of allele-based copy number changes, and more accurate estimations of the range and magnitude of copy number aberrations. This algorithm has been implemented in a software package called Copy Number Analyzer for Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping 100K arrays (CNAG). Overall, these enhancements make CNAG a useful tool for high-resolution detection of copy number alterations which can help in the understanding of the pathogenesis of cancers and other diseases as well as in exploring the complexities of the human genome.
Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events After the Ross Procedure
Authors: Hans-H. Sievers, Ulrich Stierle, Efstratios I. Charitos, Thorsten Hanke, Martin Misfeld, J.F. Matthias Bechtel, Armin Gorski, Ulrich F.W. Franke, Bernhard Graf, Derek R. Robinson, Ad J.J.C. Bogers, Ali Dodge-Khatami, Juergen O. Boehm, Joachim G. Rein, Cornelius A. Botha, Ruediger Lange, Juergen Hoerer, Anton Moritz, Thorsten Wahlers, Martin Breuer, Katharina Ferrari-Kuehne, Roland Hetzer, Michael Huebler, Gerhard Ziemer, Johanna J.M. Takkenberg, Wolfgang Hemmer
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The purpose of the study is to report major cardiac and cerebrovascular events after the Ross procedure in the large adult and pediatric population of the German-Dutch Ross registry. These data could provide an additional basis for discussions among physicians and a source of information for patients.One thousand six hundred twenty patients (1420 adults; 1211 male; mean age, 39.2±16.2 years) underwent a Ross procedure between 1988 and 2008. Follow-up was performed on an annual basis (median, 6.2 years; 10 747 patient-years). Early and late mortality were 1.2% (n=19) and 3.6% (n=58; 0.54%/patient-year), respectively. Ninety-three patients underwent 99 reinterventions on the autograft (0.92%/patient-year); 78 reinterventions in 63 patients on the pulmonary conduit were performed (0.73%/patient-year). Freedom from autograft or pulmonary conduit reoperation was 98.2%, 95.1%, and 89% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Preoperative aortic regurgitation and the root replacement technique without surgical autograft reinforcement were associated with a greater hazard for autograft reoperation. Major internal or external bleeding occurred in 17 (0.15%/patient-year), and a total of 38 patients had composite end point of thrombosis, embolism, or bleeding (0.35%/patient-year). Late endocarditis with medical (n=16) or surgical treatment (n=29) was observed in 38 patients (0.38%/patient-year). Freedom from any valve-related event was 94.9% at 1 year, 90.7% at 5 years, and 82.5% at 10 years.Although longer follow-up of patients who undergo Ross operation is needed, the present series confirms that the autograft procedure is a valid option to treat aortic valve disease in selected patients. The nonreinforced full root technique and preoperative aortic regurgitation are predictors for autograft failure and warrant further consideration. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00708409.
High-Dose Radioimmunotherapy Combined with Fixed, Low-Dose Paclitaxel in Metastatic Prostate and Breast Cancer by Using a MUC-1 Monoclonal Antibody, m170, Linked to Indium-111/Yttrium-90 via a Cathepsin Cleavable Linker with Cyclosporine to Prevent Human Anti-mouse Antibody
Authors: Carol M. Richman, Sally J. DeNardo, Robert T. O'Donnell, Aina Yuan, Sui Shen, Desiree S. Goldstein, Joseph M. Tuscano, Ted Wun, Helen K. Chew, Primo N. Lara, David L. Kukis, Arutselvan Natarajan, Claude F. Meares, Kathleen R. Lamborn, Gerald L. DeNardo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Although radioimmunotherapy alone is effective in lymphoma, its application to solid tumors will likely require a combined modality approach. In these phase I studies, paclitaxel was combined with radioimmunotherapy in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer or advanced breast cancer.Patients were imaged with indium-111 (111In)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid-peptide-m170. One week later, yttrium-90 (90Y)-m170 was infused (12 mCi/m2 for prostate cancer and 22 mCi/m2 for breast cancer). Initial cohorts received radioimmunotherapy alone. Subsequent cohorts received radioimmunotherapy followed 48 hours later by paclitaxel (75 mg/m2). Cyclosporine was given to prevent development of human anti-mouse antibody.Bone and soft tissue metastases were targeted by 111In-m170 in 15 of the 16 patients imaged. Three prostate cancer patients treated with radioimmunotherapy alone had no grade 3 or 4 toxicity. With radioimmunotherapy and paclitaxel, two of three prostate cancer patients developed transient grade 4 neutropenia. Four breast cancer patients treated with radioimmunotherapy alone had grade 3 or 4 myelosuppression. With radioimmunotherapy and paclitaxel, both breast cancer patients developed grade 4 neutropenia. Three breast cancer patients required infusion of previously harvested peripheral blood stem cells because of neutropenic fever or bleeding. One patient in this trial developed human anti-mouse antibody in contrast to 12 of 17 patients in a prior trial using m170-radioimmunotherapy without cyclosporine.111In/90Y-m170 targets prostate and breast cancer and can be combined with paclitaxel with toxicity limited to marrow suppression at the dose levels above. The maximum tolerated dose of radioimmunotherapy and fixed-dose paclitaxel with peripheral blood stem cell support has not been reached. Cyclosporine is effective in preventing human anti-mouse antibody, suggesting the feasibility of multidose, "fractionated" therapy that could enhance clinical response.