tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oxygen sensing and signal transduction in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Authors: Natascha Sommer, Ievgen Strielkov, Oleg Pak, Norbert Weissmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), also known as the von Euler-Liljestrand mechanism, is an essential response of the pulmonary vasculature to acute and sustained alveolar hypoxia. During local alveolar hypoxia, HPV matches perfusion to ventilation to maintain optimal arterial oxygenation. In contrast, during global alveolar hypoxia, HPV leads to pulmonary hypertension. The oxygen sensing and signal transduction machinery is located in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the pre-capillary vessels, albeit the physiological response may be modulated in vivo by the endothelium. While factors such as nitric oxide modulate HPV, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to act as essential mediators in HPV. ROS may originate from mitochondria and/or NADPH oxidases but the exact oxygen sensing mechanisms, as well as the question of whether increased or decreased ROS cause HPV, are under debate. ROS may induce intracellular calcium increase and subsequent contraction of PASMCs via direct or indirect interactions with protein kinases, phospholipases, sarcoplasmic calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-dependent potassium channels and L-type calcium channels, whose relevance may vary under different experimental conditions. Successful identification of factors regulating HPV may allow development of novel therapeutic approaches for conditions of disturbed HPV.
ST93-Queensland community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone in France: outbreak in a scout camp and sporadic cases, July to August 2012
Authors: T X Nhan, M Bes, H Meugnier, L Toko, G Julienne, J  M Thiolet, C Tillier, S Tessier, J Baverel, B Conscience, J P Lavigne, F Laurent, J Etienne, F Vandenesch, A Tristan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

We describe the occurrence in France of a Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST93 clone, a predominant community-acquired (CA)-MRSA in Australia. In July to August 2012, an outbreak in a scout camp (n=3) and sporadic cases (n=2) of skin and soft tissue infections were reported. Investigations suggested importation of the clone through travel and onward transmission. This illustrates the epidemic potential of this lineage and the role of travellers in the spread of PVL-positive CA-MRSA.
Management of the critically ill patient with cirrhosis: A multidisciplinary perspective
Authors: Mitra K. Nadim, Francois Durand, John A. Kellum, Josh Levitsky, Jacqueline G. O’Leary, Constantine J. Karvellas, Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Andrew Davenport, Rajiv Jalan, Paolo Angeli, Stephen H. Caldwell, Javier Fernández, Claire Francoz, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Pere Ginès, Michael G. Ison, David J. Kramer, Ravindra L. Mehta, Richard Moreau, David Mulligan, Jody C. Olson, Elizabeth A. Pomfret, Marco Senzolo, Randolph H. Steadman, Ram M. Subramanian, Jean-Louis Vincent, Yuri S. Genyk
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Monitoring human exposure to 2-hydroxyethylating carcinogens.
Authors: P B Farmer, R Cordero, H Autrup
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

It is known that human hemoglobin contains low levels of N-terminal N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine. Possible sources of this modified amino acid are exposure to ethylene oxide or other 2-hydroxy-ethylating agents. Although such processes are likely to occur endogenously, the exogenous contribution to the adduct formation is unclear. In order to explore the latter, we have analyzed N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine in the globin of 49 pregnant women and evaluated the effect of smoking status, area of residence, and glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype on adduct levels. Transplacental transfer of hydroxyethylating agents was also studied by the analysis of umbilical cord hemoglobin. The adduct levels in smokers were significantly higher than those in nonsmokers. The adduct levels in umbilical cord blood globin were quantitatively related to those in maternal blood (maternal:fetal ratio 2.7 in smokers and 2.8 in nonsmokers). In the nonsmokers, there was no statistically significant difference in the adduct level between the urban and rural areas, but the level in suburbia tended to be lower than that in the rural area. In the combined smoker and nonsmoker groups, there was no effect of the glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype on levels of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine.
WITHDRAWN: Determination of N-trans-feruloyltyramine content and nitric oxide inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Tinospora crispa
Authors: Attawadee SaeYoon, Bhudsaban Sukkarn, Wichit Nosoongnoen, Chutima Jantarat, Poonsit Hiransai, Pajaree Sakdiset, Jiraporn Chingunpitak, Sunita Makchuchit, Arunporn Itharat
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Retraction: Characterizing the Clinical Relevance of an Embryonic Stem Cell Phenotype in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Marvaretta Stevenson, William Mostertz, Chaitanya R Acharya, William Kim, Kelli Walters, William Barry, Kristin Higgins, Sascha A Tuchman, Jeffery Crawford, Gordana Vlahovic, Neal Ready, Mark Onaitis, Anil Potti
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Purpose:  Cancer cells possess traits reminiscent of those ascribed to normal stem cells. It is unclear whether these phenotypic similarities are the result of a common biological phenotype, such as regulatory pathways.   Experimental Design:  Lung cancer cell lines with corresponding gene expression data and genes associated with an embryonic stem cell identity were used to develop a signature of embryonic stemness (ES) activity specific to lung adenocarcinoma. Biological characteristics were elucidated as a function of cancer biology/oncogenic pathway dysregulation. The ES signature was applied to three independent early-stage (I-IIIa) lung adenocarcinoma data sets with clinically annotated gene expression data. The relationship between the ES phenotype and cisplatin (current standard of care) sensitivity was evaluated.   Results:  Pathway analysis identified specific regulatory networks [Ras ( P  = 0.0005), Myc ( P  = 0.0224), wound healing ( P   P   P   n  = 82;  P  = 0.0001), National Cancer Institute Director9s Challenge Consortium ( n  = 442;  P  = 0.0002), and Duke ( n  = 45;  P  = 0.06)]. The ES signature was not prognostic in prostate, breast, or ovarian adenocarcinomas. Lung tumors ( n  = 569) and adenocarcinoma cell lines ( n  = 31) expressing the ES phenotype were more likely to be resistant to cisplatin ( P   P  = 0.006, respectively).   Conclusions:  Lung adenocarcinomas that share a common gene expression pattern with normal human embryonic stem cells were associated with decreased survival, increased biological complexity, and increased likelihood of resistance to cisplatin. This indicates the aggressiveness of these tumors. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7553–61)
Household transmission of haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with Escherichia coli O104:H4, south-western France, June 2011
Authors: B Aldabe, Y Delmas, G Gault, B Vendrely, B Llanas, M Charron, C Castor, N Ong, F  X Weill, P Mariani-Kurkdjian, F Terrier, M Desjardin, J Simões, B Le Bihan, C Combe, P Rolland
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Following the outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) on June 2011 in south-western France, household transmission due to Escherichia coli O104:H4 was suspected for two cases who developed symptoms 9 and 10 days after onset of symptoms of the index case. The analysis of exposures and of the incubation period is in favour of a secondary transmission within the family. Recommendations should be reinforced to prevent person-to-person transmission within households.
Cardiac Nerve Growth Factor Overexpression Induces Bone Marrow–derived Progenitor Cells Mobilization and Homing to the Infarcted Heart
Authors: Marco Meloni, Daniela Cesselli, Andrea Caporali, Giuseppe Mangialardi, Elisa Avolio, Carlotta Reni, Orazio Fortunato, Stefania Martini, Paolo Madeddu, Marco Valgimigli, Evgeni Nikolaev, Leszek Kaczmarek, Gianni D Angelini, Antonio P Beltrami, Costanza Emanueli
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Reparative response by bone marrow (BM)-derived progenitor cells (PCs) to ischemia is a multistep process that comprises the detachment from the BM endosteal niche through activation of osteoclasts and proteolytic enzymes (such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)), mobilization to the circulation, and homing to the injured tissue. We previously showed that intramyocardial nerve growth factor gene transfer (NGF-GT) promotes cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Here, we investigate the impact of cardiac NGF-GT on postinfarction BM-derived PCs mobilization and homing at different time points after adenovirus-mediated NGF-GT in mice. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry newly illustrate the temporal profile of osteoclast and activation of MMP9, PCs expansion in the BM, and liberation/homing to the injured myocardium. NGF-GT amplified these responses and increased the BM levels of active osteoclasts and MMP9, which were not observed in MMP9-deficient mice. Taken together, our results suggest a novel role for NGF in BM-derived PCs mobilization/homing following MI. Reparative response by bone marrow (BM)-derived progenitor cells (PCs) to ischemia is a multistep process that comprises the detachment from the BM endosteal niche through activation of osteoclasts and proteolytic enzymes (such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)), mobilization to the circulation, and homing to the injured tissue. We previously showed that intramyocardial nerve growth factor gene transfer (NGF-GT) promotes cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Here, we investigate the impact of cardiac NGF-GT on postinfarction BM-derived PCs mobilization and homing at different time points after adenovirus-mediated NGF-GT in mice. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry newly illustrate the temporal profile of osteoclast and activation of MMP9, PCs expansion in the BM, and liberation/homing to the injured myocardium. NGF-GT amplified these responses and increased the BM levels of active osteoclasts and MMP9, which were not observed in MMP9-deficient mice. Taken together, our results suggest a novel role for NGF in BM-derived PCs mobilization/homing following MI.
A multicenter phase II study of a five-day regimen of oral 5-fluorouracil plus eniluracil with or without leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: R.L. Schilsky, R. Bukowski, H. Burris, H. Hochster, M. O'Rourke, J.G. Wall, S. Mani, T. Bonny, J. Levin, J. Hohneker
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy for PTSD
Authors: Candice M. Monson, Steffany J. Fredman, Alexandra Macdonald, Nicole D. Pukay-Martin, Patricia A. Resick, Paula P. Schnurr
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Context Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition associated with intimate relationship problems, and intimate relationship factors have been shown to affect individual PTSD treatment outcomes. Objective To compare cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD (a manualized couple therapy delivered to patients with PTSD and their significant others to simultaneously treat PTSD symptoms and enhance relationship satisfaction) with a waitlist condition. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized controlled trial of heterosexual and same-sex couples (n=40 couples; n=80 individuals) in which one partner met criteria for PTSD according to the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, conducted from 2008 to 2012 in a Department of Veterans Affairs outpatient hospital setting in Boston, Massachusetts, and a university-based research center in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Symptoms of PTSD, comorbid conditions, and relationship satisfaction were collected by blinded assessors at baseline, at mid treatment (median, 8.00 weeks [range, 1.7120.43 weeks] after baseline), and at posttreatment (median, 15.86 weeks [range, 7.1438.57 weeks] after baseline). An uncontrolled 3-month follow-up (median, 38.21 weeks [range, 28.43-50.57 weeks] after baseline) was also completed. Intervention Couples were randomly assigned to take part in the 15-session cognitivebehavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD protocol immediately (n=20) or were placed on a wait list for the therapy (n=20). Main Outcome Measures Clinician-rated PTSD symptom severity was the primary outcome and was assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Intimate relationship satisfaction, assessed with the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, patient- and partner-rated PTSD symptoms, and comorbid symptoms were secondary outcomes. Results PTSD symptom severity (score range, 0-136) was significantly more improved in the couple therapy condition than in the wait-list condition (mean change difference, �23.21; 95% CI, �37.87 to �8.55). Similarly, patients’ intimate relationship satisfaction (score range, 0-151) was significantly more improved in couple therapy than in the wait-list condition (mean change difference, 9.43; 95% CI, 0.04-18.83). The timecondition interaction effect in the multilevel model predicting PTSD symptoms (t37.5=�3.09; P=.004) and patient-reported relationship satisfaction (t68.5=2.00; P=.049) revealed superiority of the couple therapy compared with the wait list. Treatment effects were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Conclusion Among couples in which one partner was diagnosed as having PTSD, a disorder-specific couple therapy, compared with a wait list for the therapy, resulted in decreased PTSD symptom severity and patient comorbid symptom severity and increased patient relationship satisfaction.
Phrenic nerve stimulation at the bedside in children; equipment and validation
Authors: RI Russell, BA Helps, MJ Elliot, PJ Helms
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

There is evidence that early diagnosis of postoperative phrenic nerve damage may improve outcome, by allowing early surgical treatment, in children following cardiac surgery. This has prompted the development of a simple method for measuring phrenic nerve latency at the bedside in children. We have evaluated the reproducibility of measurements made with this system in 11 children (4 months to 13 yrs) admitted for routine surgery or cardiac catheterizations, and have assessed the various components of variability inherent in the measurement of phrenic nerve latency. The overall variability of the phrenic nerve latency with this technique (95% confidence interval) is approximately +/- 1 ms, and differences greater than this between measurements are likely to reflect a real change in phrenic nerve function. Our results indicate that the bedside technique should be a useful method of the objective assessment of phrenic nerve function in children recovering from cardiac surgery.
Polyamines as Mediators of Estrogen Action on the Growth of Experimental Breast Cancer in Rats2
Authors: Andrea Manni, Carol Wright
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The role of polyamines as mediators of the mitogenic effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) was investigated in the N-nitrosomethylurea [(NMU) CAS: 684-93-5; N-methyl-N-nitroso-urea]-induced Sprague-Dawley rat mammary tumor grown in the soft agar clonogenic assay under serum-free medium conditions. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis with α-difluoromethylomithine (DFMO) (1 mM), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, completely blocked the growth-promoting effect of E2 (10−8M) in this system. Exogenous administration of putrescine (2.5 mM), spermidine (0.1 mM), and spermine (0.1 mM) reversed the inhibitory effect of DFMO and completely restored the action of E2. These polyamines, however, had no effect on tumor growth when they were added alone in identical concentrations. The results indicate that polyamines are essential but probably not sufficient in mediating the E2 effect on the growth of the NMU-induced mammary tumor under these experimental conditions.
Acceleration of Wound Healing
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Rules for Making Human Tumor Cells
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

HE development of cancer in humans involves a complex succession of events that usually occur over many decades. During this multistep process, the genomes of incipient cancer cells acquire mutant alleles of proto-oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and other genes that control, directly or indirectly, cell proliferation. Different combinations of these mutant alleles are found in the genomes of the many distinct types of human cancer as well as in different cancers from the same tissue. An ever-increasing number of these genes have been shown to make contributions to the distinct steps involved in neoplastic transformation. The complexity of these observations provokes the question of whether these genes and the more than 100 distinct types of human cancer can ever be rationalized in terms of a small number of underlying biologic and biochemical principles. Recent successes in the experimental transformation of human cells indicate that the disruption of a limited number of cellular regulatory pathways is sufficient to impart a tumorigenic phenotype to a wide variety of normal cells. These results, in turn, suggest a series of genetic and cellular principles that may govern the formation of most, if not all, types of human cancers.
A role for the eosinophil in acquired resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection as determined by antieosinophil serum.
Authors: A A Mahmoud, K S Warren, P A Peters
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Partial immunity to schistosomiasis mansoni has been demonstrated in mice and has recently been transferred passively with serum, but not with cells. In vitro studies using human and rodent materials have demonstrated antibody-dependent cell-mediated damage to immature schistosomes (schistosomula); the cell involved in some of these in vitro systems appears to be the neutrophil and in others the eosinophil is suspected. In the present study the effect of antileukocyte sera on partial immunity to schistosomiasis was tested in vivo using quantitative assay systems for schistosomula in the lungs and adult worms in the portal venous system. Mice infected with 10 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni 16 and 32 wk before challenge with 500 cercariae showed reductions in the recovery of schistosomula at 4 and 6 days of approximately 40%; adult worm recovery was reduced by 60%. Treatment with antilymphocyte, antimacrophage, or antineutrophil serum had no effect on the numbers of schistosomula recovered from the lungs of immune animals, but in the mice treated with antieosinophil serum the numbers of schistosomula and adult worms recovered increased to the levels seen in normal nonimmune animals. Furthermore, sera collected from the partially immune mice and passively transferred to uninfected mice conferred a marked resistance to infection as measured by recovery of schistosomula; this was also abrogated by treatment with antieosinophil serum. These studies suggest that antibody-dependent cell-mediated immunity to schistosomiasis occurs in vivo, and also establishes a role for the eosinophil in immune systems.
Comparison of ventricular pressure relaxation assessments in human heart failure
Authors: Hideaki Senzaki, Barry Fetics, Chen-Huan Chen, David A Kass
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)

OBJECTIVES We contrasted various methods for assessing ventricular pressure decay time constants to test whether sensitivity to slight data instability or disparities between model-assumed and real decay are systematically altered by cardiac failure. We hypothesized that such discrepancies could result in apparent increased relaxation sensitivity to load and drug stimulation. BACKGROUND Deviation of relaxation behavior from model-assumed waveforms may be worsened by failure, enhancing instability and apparent load and drug sensitivity of commonly used indexes. METHODS Pressure-volume relations were measured in patients with normal (n = 14), hypertrophic (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM], n = 15) and dilated-myopathic (dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM], n = 37) hearts before and during preload reduction or inotropic stimulation. Relaxation parameters (monoexponential [ME] model assuming zero-Tlnor non-zero-TD, TFasymptote:, hybrid logistic-TL, linear-TLR, and pressure halftime-T1/2) were contrasted regarding sensitivity to slight data range manipulation and loading or drug changes. RESULTS In DCM, TDand TFprolonged 15% to 25% (p < 0.0001) by deletion of only 1–2 data points, whereas this had minimal effect on controls or HCM. This stemmed from systematic deviation of relaxation from an ME decay in DCM. T1/2and Tlnwere highly sensitive to pure pressure offsets, whereas TLwas most stable to both manipulations in all hearts. As a result, TDand TFappeared to be much more sensitive to systolic load in DCM than T1/2or TLand disproportionately sensitive to increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). CONCLUSIONS Relaxation consistently deviates from an ME decay in DCM resulting in instability and amplified relaxation systolic load or drug dependence of ME-based indexes in failing versus control (or HCM) hearts. The hybrid-logistic method improves quantitative analyses by providing more consistent data fits with all three heart types.