tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Matching the choice of injury/illness definition to study setting, purpose and design: one size does not fit all!
Authors: Benjamin Clarsen, Roald Bahr
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

What constitutes a ‘recordable event’ is arguably the most critical methodological factor affecting the results of sports injury and illness surveillance studies. Although numerous consensus statements have attempted to standardise surveillance methodology,1–6 there remains considerable variation in current definitions of injury.

Underlying the choice of definition are a number of practical and theoretical issues, including the duration and setting of surveillance, the available resources, the type of injuries and illnesses of interest, how data are to be collected and what they are to be used for. It is also highly desirable that results are comparable between studies; both within and between sports. Above all, however, surveillance data must be valid.

As no single definition is likely to suit all needs, the purpose of this article is to review the strengths and limitations of the three most commonly used definitions in sports epidemiology and to examine their appropriateness depending on the context and objectives of surveillance. We focus particularly on methods of data collection, as this may have important consequences on the reliability of data.

Consensus recommendations have been made for several sports, including cricket,1 football (soccer),2 rugby union,3 tennis,4 thoroughbred horse racing5 and most recently, for athletics.6 Earlier statements have focused solely on injuries, which may be defined as physical complaints resulting from the transfer of energy at a rate or in an amount that exceeds that tissue's threshold for damage.6 ,7 Recently they have also been expanded to include illnesses, defined as physical or psychological complaints that are unrelated to injury.6 However, common to all statements (with the notable exception of cricket) is the recommendation that a recordable incident should be defined as any physical or psychological complaint resulting from relevant sports participation regardless of its consequences, but that …
P123 A retrospective cohort study of the long term effectiveness of smoking cessation counselling
Authors: A. C. Ling, D. D. Elward, S. Barry
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> A regional smoking cessation counselling service provides one-to-one counselling with follow-up by telephone and appointments for up to 1 year. Previously, no long-term evaluations of such methods of smoking cessation have been conducted. This study aimed to establish how successful the service is 5–10 years following counselling. <h3>Method</h3> Patients were interviewed by means of a telephone questionnaire. Their current smoking status was assessed and baseline data including previous smoking habits was recorded. The intervention group were patients who completed the programme and deemed non-smokers after 1 year. The control group were patients who were referred but failed to attend. Both groups were referred to the service between 2001 and 2005. Seventy-nine out of 202 patients were interviewed from the intervention group and 121 out of 752 patients from the control group were interviewed. <h3>Results</h3> Of those previously attending the programme, 30.4% had relapsed. Of the 69.6% of participants remaining non-smokers, 85.5% had remained non-smokers throughout this follow-up period. Participants who did not attend were more likely to remain smokers (63.3%, p=&lt;0.001, RR=2.08). Of those attending the programme, 70% reported using additional methods (eg, nicotine replacement therapy) to aid cessation. However, these individuals had a higher rate of relapse (36% vs 20%, p=0.080). Lower socio-economic status may also be linked to a higher relapse rate (p=0.075). Baseline statistics comparing the two cohorts revealed that patients from a lower socio-economic background were less likely to have successfully attended the programme (p=&lt;0.001). Gender or number of pack years accumulated at the time of invitation were not significantly different between cohorts and patient age was similar (control=59 years, intervention=62 years). Median follow-up for both cohorts was 8 years. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This unique 5–10 year follow-up indicates that smoking cessation counselling is achieving its aim of assisting the long-term cessation of patients attending the programme. However, patients requiring further interventions such as nicotine replacement therapy and those from lower socio-economic groups have been identified as requiring additional encouragement. This may indicate areas for improvement that smoking cessation programmes should consider.
Paradoxically decreased aortic wall stiffness in response to vitamin D3-induced calcinosis. A biphasic analysis of segmental elastic properties in conscious dogs.
Authors: E I Cabrera Fischer, R L Armentano, J Levenson, J G Barra, M C Morales, G J Breitbart, R H Pichel, A Simon
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We studied the aortic elastic behavior in response to vitamin D3-induced accelerated calcinosis in conscious dogs chronically instrumented with a pressure microtransducer and a pair of ultrasonic diameter dimension gauges in the upper descending thoracic aorta. The two functional phases of the elastic segmental properties of the aorta in vivo were discriminated by computation on a beat-by-beat basis from the phasic pressure-diameter (P-D) hysteresis loops in basal conditions and during the transient state of a wide range of pressures obtained mechanically (aortic occlusion) or pharmacologically (angiotensin bolus). The overall P-D curve formed by all P-D hysteresis loops was comprised of two linear relations according to a model that assumes that only elastin is stretched at lower pressures, whereas both elastin and collagen are stretched at higher pressures. The slope of the first linear portion of the P-D curve was considered as the elastin P-D elastic modulus, and the slope of the curve obtained by subtraction between the P-D curve and the extrapolation of the elastin straight line was assumed to be the collagen P-D elastic modulus. After vitamin D3-induced calcinosis, the elastin elastic modulus was unaffected, whereas the collagen elastic modulus decreased significantly during occlusion maneuvers (58.6%, p less than 0.01) and during bolus injections of angiotensin (37.2%, p less than 0.05). The collagen elastic modulus correlated with the serum calcium concentration (r = -0.65, p less than 0.001) and with the aortic pulse pressure (r = 0.51, p less than 0.01), and this relation persisted at constant heart rate. Histopathologic analysis evidenced calcium-depositing elastic lamina, focal disappearance of collagen, and rupture of elastic fibers. The present study shows that accelerated, severe, experimental calcinosis-inducing calcium deposition inside the large artery walls is accompanied by a clear-cut paradoxical reduction in arterial rigidity that is mainly due to functional and structural modification of collagen elasticity.
IMPACT OF MICROVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION INFARCT SIZE AND THE RATIO OF MICROVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION AND INFARCT SIZE AS PREDICTORS FOR LONG-TERM OUTCOME AFTER ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Suzanne De Waha, Steffen Desch, Ingo Eitel, Georg Fuernau, Philipp Lurz, Matthias Grothoff, Matthias Gutberlet, Gerhard Schuler, Holger Thiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstinence from smoking eight years after participation in randomised controlled trial of nicotine patch
Authors: P. Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Few studies have investigated abstinence beyond three years among participants who stop smoking during trials of nicotine replacement therapy, 1-3 and even fewer have followed up smokers who failed to quit during such trials.We carried out an eight year follow up of people who had participated in a randomised controlled trial of the nicotine patch.
Sex Differences in the Return-to-Work Process of Cancer Survivors 2 Years After Diagnosis: Results From a Large French Population-Based Sample
Authors: Patricia Marino, Teyssier Luis Sagaon, Malavolti Laetitia, Le Corroller-Soriano Anne-Gaelle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

To investigate the effects of clinical, sociodemographic, and occupational factors on time to return to work (RTW) during the 2 years after cancer diagnosis and to analyze whether sex differences exist.This study was based on a French national cross-sectional survey involving 4,270 cancer survivors. Time to RTW was estimated through the duration of sick leave of 801 cancer survivors younger than 58 years who were employed during the 2-year survey. Multivariate analysis of the RTW after sick leave was performed using a Weibull accelerated failure time model.We found some sex differences in the RTW process. Older men returned to work more slowly than older women (P = .013), whereas married men returned to work much faster than married women (P = .019). Duration dependence was also sex-specific. In men, the time spent on sick leave was independent of the probability of returning to work, whereas in women, this duration dependence was positive (P < .001). For both men and women, clinical factors including chemotherapy, adverse effects, and cancer severity were found to delay RTW (P = .035, P = .001, and P < .001, respectively). Survivors investing most strongly in their personal lives also delayed their RTW (P = .006), as did those with a permanent work contract (P = .042). The factor found to accelerate RTW was a higher educational level (P = .014).The RTW process 2 years after cancer diagnosis differed between men and women. A better knowledge of this process should help the national implementation of more cost-effective strategies for managing the RTW of cancer survivors.
The Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion in human monocytes.
Authors: M A Horwitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The interactions between the L. pneumophila phagosome and monocyte lysosomes were investigated by prelabeling the lysosomes with thorium dioxide, an electron-opaque colloidal marker, and by acid phosphatase cytochemistry. Phagosomes containing live L. pneumophila did not fuse with secondary lysosomes at 1 h after entry into monocytes or at 4 or 8 h after entry by which time the ribosome-lined L. pneumophila replicative vacuole had formed. In contrast, the majority of phagosomes containing formalin-killed L. pneumophila, live Streptococcus pneumoniae, and live Escherichia coli had fused with secondary lysosomes by 1 h after entry into monocytes. Erythromycin, a potent inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis, at a concentration that completely inhibits L. pneumophila intracellular multiplication, had no influence on fusion of L. pneumophila phagosomes with secondary lysosomes. However, coating live L. pneumophila with antibody or with antibody and complement partially overcame the inhibition of fusion. Also activating the monocytes promoted fusion of a small proportion of phagosomes containing live L. pneumophila with secondary lysosomes. Acid phosphatase cytochemistry revealed that phagosomes containing live L. pneumophila did not fuse with either primary or secondary lysosomes. In contrast to phagosomes containing live bacteria, the majority of phagosomes containing formalin-killed L. pneumophila were fused with lysosomes by acid phosphatase cytochemistry. The capacity of L. pneumophila to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion may be a critical mechanism by which the bacterium resists monocyte microbicidal effects.
HIV Treatment as Prevention: Models, Data, and Questions—Towards Evidence-Based Decision-Making
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for those infected with HIV can prevent onward transmission of infection, but biological efficacy alone is not enough to guide policy decisions about the role of ART in reducing HIV incidence. Epidemiology, economics, demography, statistics, biology, and mathematical modelling will be central in framing key decisions in the optimal use of ART. PLoS Medicine, with the HIV Modelling Consortium, has commissioned a set of articles that examine different aspects of HIV treatment as prevention with a forward-looking research agenda. Interlocking themes across these articles are discussed in this introduction. We hope that this article, and others in the collection, will provide a foundation upon which greater collaborations between disciplines will be formed, and will afford deeper insights into the key factors involved, to help strengthen the support for evidence-based decision-making in HIV prevention.
ANTI-Rh(D) IMMUNOGLOBULIN FOR IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
Authors: Marcela Contreras, P.L Mollison, T.P Baglin, M.P Smith, B.J Boughton, J.M Durand, J.R Harle, J.J Verdot, P.J Weiller, M Mongin, C Mueller-Eckhardt, A Salama
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Phase II randomized study of trabectedin given as two different every 3 weeks dose schedules (1.5 mg/m2 24 h or 1.3 mg/m2 3 h) to patients with relapsed, platinum-sensitive, advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: J.M. Del Campo, A. Roszak, M. Bidzinski, T.E. Ciuleanu, T. Hogberg, M.Z. Wojtukiewicz, A. Poveda, K. Boman, A.M. Westermann, C. Lebedinsky
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Replication independent DNA double-strand break retention may prevent genomic instability
Authors: Narisorn Kongruttanachok, Chutipa Phuangphairoj, Araya Thongnak, Wanpen Ponyeam, Prakasit Rattanatanyong, Wichai Pornthanakasem, Apiwat Mutirangura
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Global hypomethylation and genomic instability are cardinal features of cancers. Recently, we established a method for the detection of DNA methylation levels at sites close to endogenous DNA double strand breaks (EDSBs), and found that those sites have a higher level of methylation than the rest of the genome. Interestingly, the most significant differences between EDSBs and genomes were observed when cells were cultured in the absence of serum. DNA methylation levels on each genomic location are different. Therefore, there are more replication-independent EDSBs (RIND-EDSBs) located in methylated genomic regions. Moreover, methylated and unmethylated RIND-EDSBs are differentially processed. Euchromatins respond rapidly to DSBs induced by irradiation with the phosphorylation of H2AX, γ-H2AX, and these initiate the DSB repair process. During G0, most DSBs are repaired by non-homologous end-joining repair (NHEJ), mediated by at least two distinct pathways; the Ku-mediated and the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)-mediated. The ATM-mediated pathway is more precise. Here we explored how cells process methylated RIND-EDSBs and if RIND-EDSBs play a role in global hypomethylation-induced genomic instability. Results We observed a significant number of methylated RIND-EDSBs that are retained within deacetylated chromatin and free from an immediate cellular response to DSBs, the γ-H2AX. When cells were treated with tricostatin A (TSA) and the histones became hyperacetylated, the amount of γ-H2AX-bound DNA increased and the retained RIND-EDSBs were rapidly repaired. When NHEJ was simultaneously inhibited in TSA-treated cells, more EDSBs were detected. Without TSA, a sporadic increase in unmethylated RIND-EDSBs could be observed when Ku-mediated NHEJ was inhibited. Finally, a remarkable increase in RIND-EDSB methylation levels was observed when cells were depleted of ATM, but not of Ku86 and RAD51. Conclusions Methylated RIND-EDSBs are retained in non-acetylated heterochromatin because there is a prolonged time lag between RIND-EDSB production and repair. The rapid cellular responses to DSBs may be blocked by compact heterochromatin structure which then allows these breaks to be repaired by a more precise ATM-dependent pathway. In contrast, Ku-mediated NHEJ can repair euchromatin-associated EDSBs. Consequently, spontaneous mutations in hypomethylated genome are produced at faster rates because unmethylated EDSBs are unable to avoid the more error-prone NHEJ mechanisms.
Endothelin-A Receptor Blockade Prevents Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Dysfunction in Salt-Sensitive Experimental Hypertension
Authors: Lars Rothermund, Roland Vetter, Maike Dieterich, Peter Kossmehl, Özlem Gögebakan, Chana Yagil, Yoram Yagil, Reinhold Kreutz
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Salt-sensitive hypertension represents a major cause of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. We therefore explored the potential effects of the selective endothelin-A (ETA) receptor antagonist darusentan on the development of hypertension, LV hypertrophy (LVH), and dysfunction in a genetic rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension.Animals from the salt-sensitive Sabra rat strain (SBH/y) and the salt-resistant strain (SBN/y) were treated with either normal diet (SBH/y and SBN/y) or with deoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA) and salt (SBN/y-DOCA and SBH/y-DOCA). Additional groups were treated with 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of darusentan (SBH/y-DOCA-DA and SBN/y-DOCA-DA). Systolic blood pressure and LV weight increased in response to DOCA only in the SBH/y strain (+75 mm Hg and +30%; P<0.05). LV end-diastolic pressure increased and -dP/dtmax decreased in SBH/y-DOCA compared with SBH/y (P<0.05). This was paralleled by a 5-fold upregulation of LV mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and a significant reduction of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-reuptake and the SR Ca2+-ATPase to phospholamban protein ratio (-30%). Whereas treatment with darusentan in SBH/y-DOCA-DA reduced the SBP increase by 50%, LVH elevation of ANF mRNA and LV dysfunction were completely prevented (P<0.05); this was associated with a normalization of SR Ca2+-reuptake and SR Ca2+-ATPase to phospholamban ratio by darusentan (P<0.05). A moderate elevation of interstitial fibrosis in SBH/y-DOCA (P<0.05) remained unaffected by darusentan treatment.In the Sabra model of salt-sensitive hypertension, ETA-receptor blockade demonstrated striking effects on the prevention of LVH and LV dysfunction beyond its considerable antihypertensive effect.
Surgery of tumours in the thoracic portion of the trachea
Authors: M. Perelman, N. Korolyova
Journal: Thorax (1968)

We have operated on nine patients suffering from benign or malignant tumours in the thoracic portion of the trachea. The main clinical symptom was difficulty in breathing, accompanied in the majority of cases by attacks of asphyxia, cough with mucous phlegm, and haemoptysis. The following operations were performed: circular resection of the trachea with end-to-end anastomosis, thoracic tracheotomy with enucleation of the tumour, fenestral resection with auto-alloplasty of the ensuing defect, piecemeal removal of the tumour through the lumen of the trachea, and intrathoracic tracheotomy with biopsy of the tumour. All patients were discharged after the operation. When giving an anaesthetic during an operation on the thoracic portion of the trachea it is expedient to introduce a tube into the left main bronchus from the right pleural cavity and to exclude the right lung from ventilation. These measures ensure convenience of manipulation of the trachea, unhampered by the presence of a tube. End-to-end anastomosis is the best way to restore the thoracic portion of the trachea after circular resection. The problem of replacing large fenestral defects of the trachea can be solved by auto-alloplasty with thick Marlex, preliminarily overgrown with connective tissue.
Improving the Rates of Quitting Smoking for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Miles McFall, Andrew J Saxon, Charles E Thompson, Dan Yoshimoto, Carol Malte, Kristy Straits-Troster, Evan Kanter, Xiao-Hua Andrew Zhou, Cynthia M Dougherty, Bonnie Steele
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

Smoking is highly prevalent and refractory among people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to improve the rate of quitting smoking for veterans with PTSD by integrating treatment for nicotine dependence into mental health care.Smokers undergoing treatment for PTSD (N=66) were randomly assigned to 1) tobacco use treatment delivered by mental health providers and integrated with psychiatric care (integrated care) versus 2) cessation treatment delivered separately from PTSD care by smoking-cessation specialists (usual standard of care). Seven-day point prevalence abstinence was the primary outcome, measured at 2, 4, 6, and 9 months after random assignment. Data were analyzed by using a generalized estimating equations approach following the intent-to-treat principle.Subjects assigned to integrated care were five times more likely than subjects undergoing the usual standard of care to abstain from smoking across follow-up assessment intervals (odds ratio=5.23). Subjects in the integrated care condition were significantly more likely than subjects in usual standard of care to receive transdermal nicotine and nicotine gum. They also received a greater number of smoking-cessation counseling sessions. Stopping smoking was not associated with worsening symptoms of PTSD or depression.Smoking-cessation interventions can be safely incorporated into routine mental health care for PTSD and are more effective than treatment delivered separately by a specialized smoking-cessation clinic. Integrating cessation treatment into psychiatric care may have the potential for improving smoking quit rates in other populations of chronically mentally ill smokers.
EASL Clinical Practical Guidelines: Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent cause of advanced liver disease in Europe. However, there has been limited research investment into ALD despite its significant burden on the health of Europeans. This disparity is reflected by the ETOh score – the ratio of the estimated population mortality rate to the number of trials focused on a particular disease. The ETOh score for ALD is 358, compared with 1.4 for hepatitis B, 4.9 for hepatitis C, and 15.2 for primary biliary cirrhosis [1].
MUC4 Mucin Interacts with and Stabilizes the HER2 Oncoprotein in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Pallavi Chaturvedi, Ajay P. Singh, Subhankar Chakraborty, Subhash C. Chauhan, Sangeeta Bafna, Jane L. Meza, Pankaj K. Singh, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Parmender P. Mehta, Surinder K. Batra
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract MUC4, a high–molecular weight transmembrane glycoprotein, is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and is implicated in its pathogenesis. It is a heterodimeric protein containing a large extracellular, heavily glycosylated subunit, MUC4α, and a transmembrane growth factor–like subunit, MUC4β. In the present study, we have shown the interaction of human MUC4 with the receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation and cocapping studies. MUC4 colocalized with HER2 at the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. Silencing of MUC4 by transient or stable expression of MUC4-targeted short-interfering RNA led to the down-regulation of HER2 with a concomitant decrease in its phosphorylated form (pY1248-HER2). Further analyses revealed that the MUC4-knockdown–mediated decrease in HER2 expression occurred due to the drop in the stability of the receptor. In MUC4-knockdown pancreatic cancer cells, we also observed a reduced phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which are downstream effector proteins in HER2 signaling. Our findings add a new dimension to MUC4 function as a modulator of cell signaling and provide mechanistic evidence for its role in pancreatic cancer progression. [Cancer Res 2008;68(7):2065–70]