tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
B lymphocyte accumulations in human pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Authors: S B Fazel, S E Howie, A S Krajewski, D Lamb
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: Although cell mediated immunity is primarily thought to mediate the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, the presence of immunoglobulins, immune complexes and complement suggests that processes of humoral immunity may contribute to immunopathology in sarcoid lesions. To test this hypothesis, the distribution of B lymphocytes in paraffin embedded sarcoid lesions in mediastinal lymph nodes and open lung biopsy specimens was investigated. METHODS: Paraffin sections from eight open lung and 21 lymph node biopsies from sarcoid patients and five normal and five tuberculous lymph nodes from patients with tuberculosis were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies by means of avidin/biotin enhanced immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis of the 29 biopsy specimens from the sarcoid patients revealed large numbers of B cells in the intergranulomatous regions. Further investigations in the open lung biopsy specimens indicated that these B cells were often organised into discrete circular or oval shaped aggregates with no germinal centre morphology, in which a few CD45RO memory T lymphocytes were scattered. The B cells were polyclonal, and a few plasma cells (IgM+, IgA+, IgG+) were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of large numbers of B lymphocytes in sarcoid pulmonary lesions is in contrast to bronchoalveolar lavage studies, which have demonstrated proportions of 5% or less of B cells as a total of all immune cells, and therefore indicates that bronchoalveolar lavage may not correctly sample the immune cells of lung interstitial tissue in pulmonary sarcoidosis. The B cells at these sites are the possible origin of some of the humoral changes in the serum and lesions of sarcoid patients. They may also influence the pathogenesis of the disorder by presenting antigen(s) and forming immune complexes at sites of disease activity.
Impact of adjuvant treatment modalities on the management of patients with stages I–II endometrial stromal sarcoma
Authors: G.G. Malouf, J. Duclos, A. Rey, P. Duvillard, V. Lazar, C. Haie-Meder, C. Balleyguier, P. Morice, C. Lhommé, P. Pautier
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
All-trans-retinoic acid inhibits tumour growth of malignant pleural mesothelioma in mice
Authors: C. Tabata, R. Tabata, N. Hirayama, A. Yasumitsu, S. Yamada, A. Murakami, S. Iida, K. Tamura, T. Terada, K. Kuribayashi, K. Fukuoka, T. Nakano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignant tumour of mesothelial origin associated with asbestos exposure. Because MPM has limited response to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the prognosis is very poor. Several researchers have reported that cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 play an important role in the growth of MPM. Previously, it was reported that all- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibited the production and function of IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in experiments using lung fibroblasts. We investigated whether ATRA had an inhibitory effect on the cell growth of MPM, the origin of which was mesenchymal cells similar to lung fibroblasts, using a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. We estimated the tumour growth and performed quantitative measurements of IL-6, TGF-β1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor (PDGFR)-β mRNA levels both of cultured MPM cells and cells grown in mice with or without the administration of ATRA. ATRA significantly inhibited MPM tumour growth. In vitro studies disclosed that the administration of ATRA reduced 1) mRNA levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β1 receptors and PDGFR-β, and 2) TGF-β1-dependent proliferation and PDGF-BB-dependent migration of MPM cells. These data may provide a rationale to explore the clinical use of ATRA for the treatment of MPM.
The antipsoriatic agent dimethylfumarate immunomodulates T-cell cytokine secretion and inhibits cytokines of the psoriatic cytokine network
Authors: None Ockenfels, None Schultewolter, None Ockenfels, None Funk, None Goos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Interactions between infiltrating T cells and keratinocytes via the secretion of the TH1 cytokines interleukin (IL) 2 and interferon gamma (INF-gamma), the keratinocyte growth factor transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 are thought to be the predominant mechanisms inducing skin lesions in psoriatic patients. Systemic treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid derivatives (FAEs) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis, but the mode of action is still unknown. To clarify this phenomenon, keratinocytes from psoriatic patients as well as from healthy volunteers were mono- and cocultured with HUT 78 T cells with/without the addition of FAEs; the cytokine concentrations were then measured in the culture supernatants. Furthermore, mRNA expression was determined in epidermal growth factor (EGF) -activated keratinocytes as well as in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-activated HUT 78 T cells. Only dimethylfumarate (DMF) diminished IL-6 and TGF-alpha secretion in the psoriatic cocultures. However, it did not have this effect on cocultures from control subjects or on monocultures. DMF suppresses EGF-induced TGF-alpha mRNA induction in psoriatic keratinocytes. DMF inhibited INF-gamma secretion in all cultures but stimulated the IL-10 secretion. This immunomodulation away from the TH1 cytokine IFN-gamma to the TH2 cytokine IL-10 was confirmed in HUT 78 T cells by Northern blot analysis. An increased number of eosinophils is a known side-effect in patients treated with this drug, suggesting a clinical relevance of this immunomodulation in vivo. This immunomodulation and the suppression of cytokines from the psoriatic cytokine network could be responsible for the beneficial effect of DMF in the treatment of a hyperproliferative and TH1 cytokine-mediated skin disease.
Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the experimental interstitial lung disease induced in sheep by visna-maedi virus
Authors: V Cottin, I Court-Fortune, J Crevon, JF Mornex
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Infection of sheep by visna-maedi virus causes an interstitial pneumonitis similar to that associated with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Visna-maedi virus infection of alveolar macrophages leads to their activation. In this study we determined whether an imbalance in oxidant-antioxidant activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. We investigated the spontaneous and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced release of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in alveolar macrophages from lambs experimentally-infected with visna-maedi virus, and in ovine alveolar macrophages infected in vitro. Alveolar macrophages from lambs experimentally-infected in vivo exhibited normal spontaneous H2O2 release and had superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities similar to those from control animals. In contrast, after in vitro stimulation with PMA the H2O2 production by macrophages from experimentally-infected lambs was significantly increased. Similarly, spontaneous and PMA-induced H2O2 production by in vitro infected macrophages was significantly increased as compared to controls. In conclusion, the increased capacity of alveolar macrophages infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type-1-related visna-maedi virus to release hydrogen peroxide on stimulation suggests an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of the observed chronic interstitial pneumonitis.
Recovery after Massage of the Heart
Authors: W. G. Ball
Journal: BMJ (1926)

intubation of the lary-nx, must be kept up.Artificial after operation counterbalances the depressive action of respiration can be first tri?d, but in this desperate ctnmorphine on the respiratory centre.dition there must not be more, than a very few minutes'In animals chloralese or urethane (6 c.cm. of a £3 per delay before direct massage of-the heart is -begun, cent.solution per kg.body weight) injected subcutaneously, because if delay is too long, even though the heart recover, or into the rectumii, gives lnarcosis with a hiiglh blood the nervous systerm is damaged by pressure, and is very convenient.prolonged oxygen starvation, anid the T Ether in oil introduced inito tlhe patient (lies from this reason.When.rectum, after washing this out, pro- the heart gradulally fails from over- duces anaesthesia which may be long dosage, artificial respiration', conducted * .lasting.This plan has been suggested by squeezing the clhest rhythnmically, for use when no help is at lhand to give will recover it ky bkinging fresh blood this anaesthetic by inhalationi.into the coroniary ar;teries and through A the lungs, and so getting rid of the N Local Anaesthesia.chloroform and admitting a supply of '4, Turning to local anaestlesia we know oxygen.MacWilliam finds that injecthat cocaine is a general protoplasmic tion of 0.5 gr-am per kilogram of body
Recurrent and self-healing cutaneous monoclonal plasmablastic infiltrates in a patient with AIDS and Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: M. Gilaberte, F. Gallardo, B. Bellosillo, P. Saballs, C. Barranco, S. Serrano, R.M. Pujol
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare variant of diffuse large cell lymphoma that often involves the oral cavity of HIV+ patients. It is characterized by immunoblastic morphology and plasma cell phenotype. Cutaneous involvement in PBL appears to be rare. We report a 44-year-old man with AIDS and Kaposi sarcoma (KS) previously treated with doxorubicin who, following treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy, developed an erythematous infiltrated nodule on the right arm. Histology showed subcutaneous fat necrosis and clusters of atypical large plasma cells (plasmablastic cells). Immunohistochemistry revealed lambda light chain restriction. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization within the plasmablastic cells. Polymerase chain reaction amplification with specific primers for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) performed on the skin biopsy specimen detected a specific band. A complete screening (bone marrow biopsy, computed tomographic scan, radiological survey) disclosed no abnormalities. The lesion resolved spontaneously after 3 months. Two years later an infiltrated plaque developed on the abdominal wall. The clinical and histopathological features of this new lesion were similar to those observed 2 years previously. No evidence of extracutaneous involvement was detected. The lesion again resolved spontaneously after 25 days. PBL may be seen in patients with transplants or receiving chemotherapy, but is usually observed in patients with advanced AIDS. The observation of recurrent self-healing EBV- and HHV-8-associated cutaneous monoclonal plasmablastic infiltrates, in a patient with AIDS and KS, expands the clinical spectrum of AIDS-associated plasmablastic lymphoproliferative disorders.
Human adenylate kinase 2 deficiency causes a profound hematopoietic defect associated with sensorineural deafness
Authors: Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou, Emmanuelle M Six, Capucine Picard, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat, Vincent Michel, Andrea Ditadi, Corinne Demerens-de Chappedelaine, Estelle Morillon, Françoise Valensi, Karen L Simon-Stoos, James C Mullikin, Lenora M Noroski, Céline Besse, Nicolas M Wulffraat, Alina Ferster, Manuel M Abecasis, Fabien Calvo, Christine Petit, Fabio Candotti, Laurent Abel, Alain Fischer, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF GLOMERULAR PERMEABILITY IN AMINONUCLEOSIDE NEPHROSIS USING CATALASE AS A TRACER PROTEIN
Authors: M. A. Venkatachalam, R. S. Cotran, M. J. Karnovsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Beef liver catalase (mol wt 240,000) was injected intravenously into normal rats and rats made nephrotic with aminonucleoside of puromycin. The localization of the tracer in the kidneys was then studied by ultrastructural cytochemistry, 3 min-12 hr after injection. Passage of catalase into the urinary space in normal rats was restricted by the basement membrane and by the epithelial slit pore. Nephrotic glomeruli showed extensive fusion of foot processes and formation of pockets and vacuoles in the fused epithelium; within 3 min after injection, catalase appeared in basal pockets, epithelial vacuoles, and the urinary space. Residual slit pores and close junctions in fused epithelium were impermeable to catalase. These studies indicate that alteration of the epithelial cells and basement membrane is responsible for protein leakage in aminonucleoside nephrosis.
Diabetes Differentially Affects Depression and Self-Rated Health by Age in the U.S.
Authors: Deborah J. Wexler, Bianca Porneala, Yuchiao Chang, Elbert S. Huang, Jeff C. Huffman, Richard W. Grant
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the relationship between age and physical and mental health varies by diabetes status in older U.S. adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a national sample of 3,005 adults aged 57–85 years, we tested the significance of the interaction between age and diabetes in association with health states. RESULTS Respondents with diabetes in the youngest age cohort had more medical conditions than those without diabetes, a difference that narrowed with age (P for interaction &amp;lt;0.01). The youngest cohort with diabetes had a higher rate of depression compared to those without diabetes (14 vs. 8%). Depression declined with age and did not differ by diabetes status in the oldest respondents (P = 0.01 for age-diabetes interaction). CONCLUSIONS Diabetes differentially affects self-rated overall health and depression by age, with convergence in the oldest age-group with and without diabetes.
High salt meals in staff canteens of salt policy makers: observational study
Authors: L M Brewster, C A Berentzen, G A van Montfrans
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To assess the salt content of hot meals served at the institutions of salt policy makers in the Netherlands.Observational study.18 canteens at the Department of Health, the Health Council, the Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, university hospitals, and affiliated non-university hospitals.A standard hot meal collected from the institutional staff canteens on three random days.Salt content of the meals measured with an ion selective electrode assay.The mean salt content of the meals (7.1 g, SE 0.2 g) exceeded the total daily recommended salt intake of 6 g and was high at all locations: 6.9 g (0.4 g) at the Department of Health and National Health Council; 6.0 g (0.9 g) at the Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority; 7.4 g (0.5 g) at university hospital staff canteens; and 7.0 g (0.3 g) at non-university hospital staff canteens. With data from a national food consumption survey, the estimated total mean daily salt intake in people who ate these meals was 15.4 g. This translates into a 23-36% increase in premature cardiovascular mortality compared with people who adhere to the recommended levels of salt intake.If salt policy makers eat at their institutional canteens they might consume too much salt, which could put their health at risk.
Lactate Dehydrogenase A as a Highly Abundant Eye Lens Protein in Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): Upsilon (upsilon)-Crystallin
Authors: T. van Rheede
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Vertebrate eye lenses mostly contain two abundant types of proteins, the α-crystallins and the β/γ-crystallins. In addition, certain housekeeping enzymes are highly expressed as crystallins in various taxa. We now observed an unusual approximately 41-kd protein that makes up 16% to 18% of the total protein in the platypus eye lens. Its cDNA sequence was determined, which identified the protein as muscle-type lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A). It is the first observation of LDH-A as a crystallin, and we designate it upsilon (υ)-crystallin. Interestingly, the related heart-type LDH-B occurs as an abundant lens protein, known as ϵ-crystallin, in many birds and crocodiles. Thus, two members of the ldh gene family have independently been recruited as crystallins in different higher vertebrate lineages, suggesting that they are particularly suited for this purpose in terms of gene regulatory or protein structural properties. To establish whether platypus LDH-A/υ-crystallin has been under different selective constraints as compared with other vertebrate LDH-A sequences, we reconstructed the vertebrate ldh-a gene phylogeny. No conspicuous rate deviations or amino acid replacements were observed.
Nitric oxide mimics transcriptional and post-translational regulation during α-Tocopherol cytoprotection against glycochenodeoxycholate-induced cell death in hepatocytes
Authors: Raúl González, Adolfo Cruz, Gustavo Ferrín, Pedro López-Cillero, Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez, Javier Briceño, Miguel A. Gómez, Sebastián Rufián, Manuel De la Mata, Antonio Martínez-Ruiz, Jose J.G. Marin, Jordi Muntané
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Delta-like 4 is indispensable in thymic environment specific for T cell development
Authors: Katsuto Hozumi, Carolina Mailhos, Naoko Negishi, Ken-ichi Hirano, Takashi Yahata, Kiyoshi Ando, Saulius Zuklys, Georg A. Holländer, David T. Shima, Sonoko Habu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

The thymic microenvironment is required for T cell development in vivo. However, in vitro studies have shown that when hematopoietic progenitors acquire Notch signaling via Delta-like (Dll)1 or Dll4, they differentiate into the T cell lineage in the absence of a thymic microenvironment. It is not clear, however, whether the thymus supports T cell development specifically by providing Notch signaling. To address this issue, we generated mice with a loxP-flanked allele of Dll4 and induced gene deletion specifically in thymic epithelial cells (TECs). In the thymus of mutant mice, the expression of Dll4 was abrogated on the epithelium, and the proportion of hematopoietic cells bearing the intracellular fragment of Notch1 (ICN1) was markedly decreased. Corresponding to this, CD4 CD8 double-positive or single-positive T cells were not detected in the thymus. Further analysis showed that the double-negative cell fraction was lacking T cell progenitors. The enforced expression of ICN1 in hematopoietic progenitors restored thymic T cell differentiation, even when the TECs were deficient in Dll4. These results indicate that the thymus-specific environment for determining T cell fate indispensably requires Dll4 expression to induce Notch signaling in the thymic immigrant cells.
Cytotoxic cells induced during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of mice. I. Characterization of natural killer cell induction
Authors: Jr. RM Welsh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of C3H/St, nude (BALB/c background), and other mice induced high levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity in the spleen and peritoneum. L-929 cells were used as targetsand were not lysed by spleen or peritoneal cells from uninfected mice. The cytotoxic cells were characterized as NK cells because they were nonadherent, nonphagocytic lymphocytes lacking θ and immunoglobulin antigens on their plasma membranes. Their activity was sensitive to 6 mM EDTA and to heating for 5 h at 37 degrees C, but resisted treatment with 0.5 percent trypsin. No role for antibody could be demonstrated in these assays. Relative to cytotoxic T-cell activity, the induction of NK cell activity was resistant to X-irradiation of mice with 1,000 rads but was sensitive if mice were first treated with Strontium-89, a bone-seeking isotope. NK cells were induced by LCMV in all tested strains of mice. In C3H/St mice NK cell activity was detected as early as 1 day and peaked at 3 days postinfection. Maximum activity in C3H/St mice was observed in mice 5-10 wk of age, but significant NK activity was also induced in newborns, which subsequently carried virus in their tissues for the duration of their lives. Older LCMV-carriers did not have detectable spleen NK cell activity. No memory oranamnestic response could be demonstrated for NK cell induction. NK cell activity was not induced by LCMV challenge of LCMV-immune mice, but was induced in those mice by infection with Pichinde virus, a closely related virus. The advent of NK cell activity correlated with the synthesis of interferon in LCMV-infected mice. Culture fluids lacking virus infectivity but containing interferon induced cytotoxic cell activity in nude and C3H/St mice. These experiments suggest that LCMV induced NK cells via an interferon-dependent mechanism. When studied in several strains of mice, the continued expression of NK cell activity did not seem to directly correlate with spleen interferon levels, suggesting that additional factors may play a role as well in maintaining the activity of the NK cell in vivo.
Increased fetal growth protects against early wheeze, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and current asthma in early mid-childhood: Results from the Raine birth cohort
Authors: Graham Hall, Lyn Chen, Wei Ang, Craig Pennell, John Newnham, Peter Sly
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Reduced fetal growth has been associated with increased wheeze and atopy and decreased lung function in young children. This analysis of the Raine longitudinal birth cohort aimed to examine the impact of fetal growth on asthma, lung function and AHR outcomes at 6 and 14 years of age.   Methods:  The Raine birth cohort enrolled women prior to 18 weeks gestation to standard (18w; n=1419) or intensive (18, 24, 28, 34 & 38w; n=1415) ultrasound monitoring groups. Children were re-assessed at 1, 2 & 3 yrs with further respiratory assessments at 6 and 14 yrs. Complete pre- and postnatal data on 1174 children are included in this analysis. Conditional fetal growth centiles were derived for head circumference, femur length and abdominal circumference. Impact of fetal growth on early wheeze (wheeze at 1, 2 or 3 years), current asthma, spirometry or AHR at 6 or 14 years was assessed using generalised estimating equations with time as repeated measures.   Results:  Measures of increased fetal growth throughout pregnancy were significantly associated with a reduced risk of early wheeze, AHR at 6 yrs and current asthma at 14 yrs (p 1  predicted at 6 and 14 yrs and FEV 1 /FVC at age 6 and 14, although these relationships were not significant.   Conclusions:  In agreement with previous reports we have demonstrated increased fetal size reduces the risk for wheeze in early life. The current data suggests that the impact of fetal programming on lung health extends into early adolescence and further reinforces the need for further research to discover how fetal growth may be optimised.
Skin pigmentation associated with minocycline therapy
Authors: N. OKADA, K. MORIYA, K. NISHIDA, Y. KITANO, T. KOBAYASHI, H. NISHIMURA, M. AOYAMA, K. YOSHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

A patient on long-term minocycline therapy developed blue-black discoloration on the legs. Skin biopsy specimens from the pigmented areas were examined by light and electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Pigmented granules were present at all levels of the dermis and subcutaneous fat tissues. Ultrastructural examination showed electron-dense granular material within the cytoplasm of dermal macrophages and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis indicated that the granules contained iron. Thyroid tissue obtained by aspiration biopsy showed the presence of fine brown granules within the cytoplasm of the follicular epithelial cells. An extract of skin from the pigmented areas was subjected to high performance liquid chromatography and minocycline was detected.