tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemopreventive Agent 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Selectively Induces Proteasomal Degradation of Class I Histone Deacetylases
Authors: Yongming Li, Xia Li, Bin Guo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is an anticancer agent that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through unknown mechanisms. Here, we report that DIM can selectively induce proteasome-mediated degradation of class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8) without affecting the class II HDAC proteins. DIM induced downregulation of class I HDACs in human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in tumor xenografts. HDAC depletion relieved HDAC-mediated transcriptional inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21WAF1 and p27KIP2, significantly increasing their expression and triggering cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, HDAC depletion was associated with an induction of DNA damage that triggered apoptosis. Our findings indicate that DIM acts to selectively target the degradation of class I HDACs. Cancer Res; 70(2); 646–54
The induction of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes with solubilized viral and membrane proteins.
Authors: R Finberg, M Mescher, S J Burakoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Reconstituted membranes were prepared from detergent solubilized P815 (H-2d) tumor cell membranes and solubilized Sendai virus protein. These reconstituted membranes stimulated a virus-specific H-2-restricted secondary CTL response. Stimulating activity was dependent upon the presence of both viral and P815 protein in the same membrane and was restricted to the H-2 specificity present in the reconstituted membrane. Liposomes prepared from solubilized Sendai virus proteins and partially purified H-2 alloantigen also had activity for CTL induction. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using detergent solubilized membrane proteins to study antigen recognition by virus-specific, H-2 restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Killer Whale Nuclear Genome and mtDNA Reveal Widespread Population Bottleneck during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Andre E. Moura, Charlene Janse van Rensburg, Malgorzata Pilot, Arman Tehrani, Peter B. Best, Meredith Thornton, Stephanie Plön, P.J. Nico de Bruyn, Kim C. Worley, Richard A. Gibbs, Marilyn E. Dahlheim, Alan Rus Hoelzel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Ecosystem function and resilience is determined by the interactions and independent contributions of individual species. Apex predators play a disproportionately determinant role through their influence and dependence on the dynamics of prey species. Their demographic fluctuations are thus likely to reflect changes in their respective ecological communities and habitat. Here, we investigate the historical population dynamics of the killer whale based on draft nuclear genome data for the Northern Hemisphere and mtDNA data worldwide. We infer a relatively stable population size throughout most of the Pleistocene, followed by an order of magnitude decline and bottleneck during the Weichselian glacial period. Global mtDNA data indicate that while most populations declined, at least one population retained diversity in a stable, productive ecosystem off southern Africa. We conclude that environmental changes during the last glacial period promoted the decline of a top ocean predator, that these events contributed to the pattern of diversity among extant populations, and that the relatively high diversity of a population currently in productive, stable habitat off South Africa suggests a role for ocean productivity in the widespread decline.
Homocysteine - a pathophysiological cornerstone in obstetrical and gynaecological disorders?
Authors: R Obwegeser
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

Homocysteine, a product of the methionine cycle, is known to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and embryology, and in very important, fast growing fields concerning obstetrics and gynaecology. Therefore, we attempted an actual overview on possible obstetrical and gynaecological disorders as a consequence of an impaired methionine cycle. We tried to evaluate all mechanisms concerning homocysteine metabolism in order to look for hypothetical possibilities of therapeutic interventions. Using MEDLINE starting in January 1966, a search was conducted for articles published in which homocysteine was included as a subject heading or a text word. This search was also specified in combination with other key words such as obstetrics, pregnancy, gynaecology and cancer. Additional sources were identified through cross-referencing. All sources found were examined with regard to providing substantial information on our topic. The information obtained was divided into articles dealing with homocysteine and the methionine cycle itself, homocysteine and pregnancy, and homocysteine and hormones, including menopause, hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives. Another group was concerned with other special gynaecological aspects of the methionine cycle. We suggest that elevated concentrations of homocysteine could be a marker and perhaps a cause of, or contributive to, a wide obstetrical and gynaecological disorders.
Use of caerulein with submaximal doses of secretin as a test of pancreatic function in man.
Authors: A Ribet, R Tournut, M Duffaut, N Vaysse
Journal: Gut (1976)

The pancreatic exocrine secretory response to different combinations of the pancreozymin-like peptide caerulein and secretin was studied in 110 healthy control subjects and 32 patients with pancreatic disease. A combination of 0-5 CU/kg-h secretin and 75 ng/kg-h caerulein provided maximal or near-maximal stimulation of the secretion of both bicarbonate and pancreatic enzymes. The combination of stimulant peptides in the above doses was found to give excellent separation between the secretion of bicarbonate, lipase, and chymotrypsin of the control group and patients with chronic pancreatitis. A combination of caerulein and secretin represents a safe, reliable, and effective mean of stimulating pancreatic exocrine secretion for the purpose of testing pancreatic function.
Wireless therapeutic endoscopic capsule: in vivo experiment
Authors: P. Valdastri, C. Quaglia, E. Susilo, A. Menciassi, P. Dario, C. Ho, G. Anhoeck, M. Schurr
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Background and study aim: Capsule endoscopy is becoming well established as a diagnostic technique for the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless swallowable capsule devices that can effectively perform surgical and therapeutic interventions have not yet been developed. Such devices would also be a valuable support for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a swallowable wireless capsule to deploy a surgical clip under remote control.
Low dose subcutaneous adrenaline to prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom serum in people bitten by snakes: randomised, placebo controlled trial
Authors: A P Premawardhena, C E de Silva, M M D Fonseka, S B Gunatilake, H J de Silva
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To assess the efficacy and safety of low dose adrenaline injected subcutaneously to prevent acute adverse reactions to polyspecific antivenom serum in patients admitted to hospital after snake bite.Prospective, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.District general hospital in Sri Lanka.105 patients with signs of envenomation after snake bite, randomised to receive either adrenaline (cases) or placebo (controls) immediately before infusion of antivenom serum.Adrenaline 0.25 ml (1:1000).Development of acute adverse reactions to serum and side effects attributable to adrenaline.56 patients (cases) received adrenaline and 49 (controls) received placebo as pretreatment. Six (11%) adrenaline patients and 21 (43%) control patients developed acute adverse reactions to antivenom serum (P=0.0002). Significant reductions in acute adverse reactions to serum were also seen in the adrenaline patients for each category of mild, moderate, and severe reactions. There were no significant adverse effects attributable to adrenaline.Use of 0.25 ml of 1:1000 adrenaline given subcutaneously immediately before administration of antivenom serum to patients with envenomation after snake bite reduces the incidence of acute adverse reactions to serum.
Local application of turmeric on delayed onset muscle soreness
Authors: Md Izhar Gauri
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of local application of turmeric on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The study had 12 healthy, untrained subjects. Subjects were then randomly assigned to two groups, six participants in each group. Subjects of group A were given cryotherapy and subjects of group B were given cryotherapy along with local application of turmeric. The soreness was on its peak at 48 h post exercise in both groups. Mean extension strength was lowest at 48 h post exercise in both group A and B, strength decrease results because of the reluctance to use sore muscle and from the loss of inherent force providing capacity within the muscle, resulting in decrease in resting elbow angle. The increase in biceps brachii girth was due to inflammatory response because of the micro trauma in muscle due to unaccustomed eccentric exercise resulting in swelling. Our result showed that ice massage along with local application of turmeric produce more effect on DOMS than ice massage only. Local application of turmeric along with ice massage adds on to the effect of cryotherapy in management of DOM. It may be due to the anti-inflammatory property of turmeric. curcumin, the main yellow bioactive component of turmeric has two natural analogues FHM [feruloyl-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-methane] and BHM [bis-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-methane], are potent anti-inflammatory agents, which are potent anti-inflammatory agents, results in decrease in swelling and pain. Turmeric is also thought to reduce inflammation by lowering histamine levels and it may also stimulate the adrenal glands to increase production of inflammation reducing hormones.
INEQUALITY OF THE PUPILS
Authors: T. S. Barrie
Journal: BMJ (1918)

luings showed at both apices old healed scars.The left base had firm, tough adhesions.The other organs showed nothing abnormal.EHistologically the appearance of the lung sections were those of old healed tuberculosis.Sections of the bowel made at the site of stenosis showed thickening of the muscular layers and particularly of the submucosa, with proliferation of Jir)roblasts.The mucous membrane was in an atrophic con- litiori.Sections from different points stained for tubercle bacilli were all negative.
2011 Homer Smith Award
Authors: Anita Aperia
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

The ability of cells to maintain sharp ion gradients across their membranes is the foundation for the molecular transport and electrical excitability. Across animal species and cell types, Na(+),K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is arguably the most powerful contributor to this phenomenon. By producing a steep concentration difference of sodium and potassium between the intracellular and extracellular milieu, Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in the tubules provides the driving force for renal sodium reabsorption. Pump activity is downregulated by natriuretic hormones, such as dopamine, and is upregulated by antinatriuretic hormones, such as angiotensin. In the past decade, studies have revealed a novel and surprising role: that Na(+),K(+)-ATPase is a transducer of signals from extracellular to intracellular compartments. The signaling function of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase is activated by ouabain, a mammalian steroid hormone, at far lower concentrations than those that inhibit pump activity. By promoting growth and inhibiting apoptosis, activation of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase exerts tissue-protective effects. Ouabain-stimulated Na(+),K(+)-ATPase signaling has recently shown clinical promise by protecting the malnourished embryonic kidney from adverse developmental programming. A deeper understanding of the tissue-protective role of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase signaling and the regulation of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase pumping activity is of fundamental importance for the understanding and treatment of kidney diseases and kidney-related hypertension.
Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Sylvie Lesage, Christopher C. Goodnow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

It is well appreciated that organ-specific autoimmune diseases run in families, but that within a family one member may have type 1 diabetes, another autoimmune thyroid disease, and another multiple sclerosis ([1][1]). What causes clustering of different autoimmune diseases along genetic lines, and
Combined double chambered right ventricle and discrete subaortic stenosis.
Authors: A Baumstark, K E Fellows, A Rosenthal
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Nine cases of combined double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) and discrete subaortic stenosis (DSAS) are presented. A review of 1077 consecutively catheterized patients indicates an association of these two uncommon anomalies nine times greater than expected. One or both obstructive lesions may be hemodynamically significant and require surgery. Whenever DCRV or DSAS is suspected or identified, the cardiac catheterization should include studies of both the right and left ventricles.
Fate mapping reveals origin and dynamics of lymph node follicular dendritic cells
Authors: Meryem Jarjour, Audrey Jorquera, Isabelle Mondor, Stephan Wienert, Priyanka Narang, Mark C. Coles, Frederick Klauschen, Marc Bajénoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) regulate B cell function and development of high affinity antibody responses but little is known about their biology. FDCs associate in intricate cellular networks within secondary lymphoid organs. In vitro and ex vivo methods, therefore, allow only limited understanding of the genuine immunobiology of FDCs in their native habitat. Herein, we used various multicolor fate mapping systems to investigate the ontogeny and dynamics of lymph node (LN) FDCs in situ. We show that LN FDC networks arise from the clonal expansion and differentiation of marginal reticular cells (MRCs), a population of lymphoid stromal cells lining the LN subcapsular sinus. We further demonstrate that during an immune response, FDCs accumulate in germinal centers and that neither the recruitment of circulating progenitors nor the division of local mature FDCs significantly contributes to this accumulation. Rather, we provide evidence that newly generated FDCs also arise from the proliferation and differentiation of MRCs, thus unraveling a critical function of this poorly defined stromal cell population.
Retinoids as Teratogens
Authors: Dianne Robert Soprano, Kenneth J. Soprano
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1995)

Vitamin A is a necessary nutrient in the diet. However, excessive doses of retinoids by pregnant women result in teratogenesis. In this chapter, we initially discuss the occurrence and characteristics of fetal malformations associated with maternal ingestion of natural and synthetic retinoids in both experimental animals and humans. We then tum to an examination of the pharmacology of teratogenic retinoids, focusing on structure-function relationships and pharmacokinetics. Finally, we review the current literature on the molecular mechanism of action of teratogenic doses of retinoids and the role of the retinoic acid receptors and other target genes in this process.
Importance of endogenous angiotensin II in the cardiovascular responses to sympathetic stimulation in conscious rabbits.
Authors: J S Isaacson, I A Reid
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Pharmacological evidence indicates that angiotensin (Ang II) converting enzyme inhibitors attenuate cardiovascular responses to sympathetic stimulation. To investigate the physiological significance of this attenuation, the pressor and heart rate responses to bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) were studied before and after administration of captopril and again during Ang II replacement in conscious, aortic nerve-sectioned rabbits with chronically implanted carotid occluders. In the control period, BCO produced increases (p less than 0.05) in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of 37.3 +/- 3.0 mm Hg and 21.7 +/- 5.4 beats/min from baseline values of 79.1 +/- 2.5 mm Hg and 255.4 +/- 16.7 beats/min. Captopril (5 mg/kg i.v.) markedly reduced (p less than 0.05) both the pressor (10.2 +/- 2.6 mm Hg) and HR (5.0 +/- 4.0 beats/min) responses to BCO, in parallel with a decrease in plasma Ang II of 75%. Infusion of a subpressor dose of Ang II (5-25 ng/kg/min i.v.) increased plasma Ang II to precaptopril levels and fully restored (p less than 0.05) the pressor (33.0 +/- 5.7 mm Hg) and HR (19.8 +/- 7.7 beats/min) responses to BCO. In two additional series of experiments, the mechanism of the effects of captopril and Ang II were investigated. In the first series, cardiac baroreflex curves (pulse interval versus MAP) were generated by increasing or decreasing blood pressure with phenylephrine or nitroprusside (5-20 micrograms/kg/min i.v.). The slope of the linear region of the curve (2.9 msec/mm Hg) was not changed significantly by captopril treatment (3.1 msec/mm Hg) or Ang II replacement (3.2 msec/mm Hg), indicating that cardiac baroreflex sensitivity was not altered by blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. In the second series, the effect of captopril on the pressor response to exogenous norepinephrine (0.1-2.5 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) was tested. The response was reduced by less than 40%, indicating only a modest postsynaptic component to the action of captopril. These results provide physiological evidence for an important action of endogenous Ang II in facilitating the cardiovascular responses to sympathetic stimulation in conscious rabbits. This facilitation is not due to an action upon the baroreflex per se but results, at least in part, from a presynaptic action of Ang II.
Leukocyte Interferon-Induced Tumor Regression in Human Metastatic Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: Jordan U. Gutterman, George R. Blumenschein, Raymond Alexanian, Hwee-Yong Yap, Aman U. Buzdar, Fernando Cabanillas, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Evan M. Hersh, Shelley L. Rasmussen, Maurice Harmon, Michael Kramer, Sidney Pestka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Thirty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and malignant lymphoma were treated with partially purified (about 0.1%) leukocyte interferon. Patients were treated with a remission-induction schedule of 3 million to 9 million antiviral units daily intramuscularly for 4 to 26 weeks. Responding patients were maintained on a schedule of 3 million U three times weekly. Tumor regression was observed in seven of 17 patients with breast cancer. Six of 10 patients with multiple myeloma responded with a decrease of at least 50% in serum myeloma protein levels or Bence Jones protein excretion. Six of the 11 lymphoma patients achieved tumor regression. Complete remissions occurred in two patients. Of the 19 responding patients, five remain on study for 52 to 63 weeks. Toxicity included low-grade fever, fatigue, anorexia, and partial alopecia. Myelosuppression (lowest median leukocyte count, 2500/mm3; granulocytes, 1300/mm3) occurred in most patients. On the basis of this pilot study, we conclude that leukocyte interferon can induce tumor regression in patients with advanced cancer.
Asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness to exercise in childhood and the development of asthma related symptoms in young adulthood: the Odense Schoolchild Study
Authors: F. Rasmussen, J. Lambrechtsen, H. C. Siersted, H. S. Hansen, N.-C. Hansen
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Exercise testing may be of value in identifying a group of children at high risk of subsequently developing respiratory symptoms. As few longitudinal studies have investigated this issue, the bronchial hyperresponsiveness to exercise in asymptomatic children was evaluated as a risk factor for developing asthma related symptoms in young adulthood. <h3>METHODS</h3> A community based sample of 1369 schoolchildren, first investigated in 1985 at a mean age of 9.7 years, was followed up after a mean of 10.5 years. Nine hundred and twenty children (67%) were asymptomatic in childhood and 777 (84.9%) of these were re-investigated at follow up. At the first examination a maximum progressive exercise test on a bicycle ergometer was used to induce airway narrowing. The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) after exercise was considered abnormal if the percentage fall in FEV<sub>1</sub> was more than 5% of the highest fall in the reference subjects characterised by having no previous history of asthma or asthma related symptoms. The threshold for a positive test was 8.6% of pre-exercise FEV<sub>1</sub>. <h3>RESULTS</h3> One hundred and three subjects (13%) had wheeze within the last year at follow up and, of these, nine (9%) had been hyperresponsive to exercise in 1985. One hundred and seventy subjects (22%) had non-infectious cough within the previous year, 11 of whom (6%) had been hyperresponsive to exercise in 1985. Multiple regression analysis showed that subjects with hyperresponsiveness to exercise had an increased risk of developing wheeze compared with subjects with a normal response to exercise when the fall in FEV<sub>1</sub> after exercise was included as a variable (threshold odds ratio (OR) 2.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 5.5)). The trend was not significant when exercise induced bronchospasm was included as a continuous variable (OR 1.02 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.06)). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Asymptomatic children who are hyperresponsive to exercise are at increased risk of developing new symptoms related to wheezing but the predictive value of exercise testing for individuals is low.
CASE OF PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY IN A FEMALE CRETIN
Authors: F. W. Kendle
Journal: BMJ (1905)

present.The Buxton swimming bath atthe natural temperature of 820 F. is one of the most valuable remedies at our disposal.In true neuritis, however, massage is as a rule not beneficial and nerve stretching is quite contraindicated.The combined bath, alternating with the natural swimming bath and the application of electricity in the form of the constant current (5 to 15 milliampores), ascendinig and descending over the affected nerve, or in the form of the constant current bath, are of much service.The affected limb should be kept warm by the wearing of double-sleeves or double-legged pants of wool.The injection of I gr. of pilocarpin nitrate on alternate days for two or three weeks, except in cases where there is organic heart mischief, has been highly praised by Dr. Far- qubar of Marlborougb.