tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture transmitted infections
Authors: P. C Y Woo, A. W C Lin, S. K P Lau, K.-Y. Yuen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<i>Abstract</i>. Increased urine flow is often a feature of mild to moderate acute renal failure. This study examines the possible role of dysregulation of collecting duct aquaporins as a factor in this increase. In rats, the left renal pedicle was clamped for 45 min followed by contralateral nephrectomy. Control rats were identical except that the renal pedicle was not clamped. Rats were sacrificed and the kidneys were homogenized at various time points after release of the clamp for semiquantitative immunoblotting of collecting duct aquaporins, as well as the thick ascending limb Na-K-2Cl cotransporter and the proximal tubule water channel, aquaporin-1. Urinary flow rate was significantly increased 18 h after the ischemic insult and remained increased through 72 h. Whole kidney aquaporin-2 protein abundance was 45% of controls at 18 h, 55% of controls at 36 h, and returned to normal 72 h after ischemia. Whole kidney aquaporin-3 protein abundance was 37% of controls at 18 h, 13% of controls at 36 h, and 45% of controls at 72 h. The decline in aquaporin-2 and -3 was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Abundance of the thick ascending limb Na-K-2Cl cotransporter protein was not significantly decreased. Aquaporin-1 protein abundance was not significantly decreased at 18 h after the ischemic insult, but was significantly reduced after 36 h. Thus, the post-ischemic state is associated with decreased levels of the collecting duct aquaporins, coinciding with an increase in water excretion. It is concluded that decreased aquaporin protein abundance in collecting duct cells is a contributing factor in the increased urine flow seen in moderate post-ischemic acute renal failure.
Recovery interventions and strategies for improved tennis performance
Authors: Mark S Kovacs, Lindsay B Baker
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Improving the recovery capabilities of the tennis athlete is receiving more emphasis in the research communities, and also by practitioners (coaches, physical trainers, tennis performance specialists, physical therapists, etc). The purpose of this article was to review areas of recovery to limit the severity of fatigue and/or speed recovery from fatigue. This review will cover four broad recovery techniques commonly used in tennis with the belief that the interventions may improve athlete recovery and therefore improve adaptation and future performance. The four areas covered are: (1) temperature-based interventions, (2) compressive clothing, (3) electronic interventions and (4) nutritional interventions.
Methotrexate in Abdominal Pregnancy
Authors: John T. St. Clair
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Laparotomy was performed at term on a patient with an abdominal pregnancy and she was delivered of a normal, viable infant. The placenta was not disturbed. The umbilical arteries were catheterized, and the placenta was perfused with methotrexate in an effort to shorten its life and vascularity. Urinary chorionic gonadotropin excretion was quantitated following delivery and after treatment with methotrexate. A rapid drop in the chorionic gonadotropin titer occurred. Roentgenographic contrast studies demonstrated the vascularity of the placenta before and after treatment.
EULAR response criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica: results of an initiative of the European Collaborating Polymyalgia Rheumatica Group (subcommittee of ESCISIT)
Authors: B F Leeb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Objective: To develop response criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) for monitoring treatment and comparing alternative treatments regimens. Methods: 76 patients, mean (SD) age 68.7 (7.7) years, were enrolled. Corticosteroids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the only drugs allowed during the observation period. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), α2 globulin, serum iron, pain, physician's global assessment (PGA), morning stiffness (MST), muscle tenderness (MT), myalgia, and the elevation of upper limbs (EUL) were determined regularly. The daily corticosteroid and NSAID doses as the corticosteroid response time were recorded. To ensure evaluation of an adequate number of patients (n = 57) week 24 was chosen for final analysis. Results: ESR, CRP, α2 globulin, pain, PGA, MST, myalgia, MT, and EUL showed significant improvement (p<0.0001) at week 24 compared with week 0. Multiple regression analysis showed that changes of ESR (p = 0.08), CRP (p = 0.41), α2 globulin (p = 0.13), MST (p = 0.1), and MT (p = 0.07) were independent of pain, but myalgia (p<0.001) and EUL (p = 0.003) were pain dependent. Consequently, a core set of PMR response criteria, comprising ESR or CRP, pain, PGA, MST, and EUL was established. Assessment of treatment responses with this core set resulted in 90%, 70%, 50%, and 20% improvement in 31/57 (54%), 46/57 (81%), 51/57 (89%), and 54/57 (95%) of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: These PMR response criteria are a promising tool for better monitoring of disease activity and treatment in PMR. It is proposed that these criteria should be used in clinical trials in the near future to explore alternative treatment options for PMR.
Pathogenic significance of Klebsiella oxytoca in acute respiratory tract infection.
Authors: J T Power, M A Calder
Journal: Thorax (1983)

A retrospective study of all Klebsiella isolations from patients admitted to hospital with acute respiratory tract infections over a 27-month period was carried out. Ten of the Klebsiella isolations from sputum and one from a blood culture were identified as Klebsiella oxytoca. The clinical and radiological features of six patients are described. Four of these patients had lobar pneumonia, one bronchopneumonia, and one acute respiratory tract infection superimposed on cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. One of the patients with lobar pneumonia had a small-cell carcinoma of the bronchus. We concluded that Klebsiella oxytoca was of definite pathogenic significance in these six patients and of uncertain significance in the remaining five patients. Klebsiella oxytoca has not previously been described as a specific pathogen in the respiratory tract. Close co-operation between clinicians and microbiologists in the management of patients with respiratory infections associated with the Enterobacteriaceae is desirable.
Shoulder strength profile in elite junior tennis players: horizontal adduction and abduction isokinetic evaluation
Authors: R T Silva, G C Gracitelli, M F Saccol, C Frota de Souza Laurino, A C Silva, J L Braga-Silva
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To establish normative data for muscle performance during isokinetic horizontal abduction and adduction of the shoulder in elite junior tennis players.Thirty six tennis players were evaluated (23 male, 13 female; mean age 14 years (range 12-18)). An isokinetic dynamometer was used to test the shoulder horizontal abductors and adductors at 60 and 180 degrees/s. Absolute and relative peak torque (PT and PT/BW), total work (TW), endurance ratio (ER), and the ratio of the peak torque between horizontal abductors and adductors (HAB/HAD ratio) were recorded. Data were compared for the dominant and non-dominant shoulders, horizontal abductor and adductor muscles, and between players grouped according to age.The dominant shoulder was significantly (p<0.05) stronger than the non-dominant shoulder in all variables except ER and HAB/HAD ratio. The abductors were significantly (p<0.05) weaker than the adductors in all subjects. The type of backhand (one handed or two handed) did not influence the strength of the shoulder horizontal abductors on the dominant side. The number of years of tennis practice had an effect on muscle strength as evaluated by absolute data (PT and TW) but not relative measurements (PT/BW and TW/BW).The findings confirm that horizontal abduction and adduction are stronger in the dominant shoulder of junior tennis players. The clinical relevance of these findings is not established, and more studies are needed to compare tennis players with athletes from other sports and non-athletes.
Comparative analysis of various tumor-associated antigen-specific t-cell responses in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Eishiro Mizukoshi, Yasunari Nakamoto, Kuniaki Arai, Tatsuya Yamashita, Akito Sakai, Yoshio Sakai, Takashi Kagaya, Taro Yamashita, Masao Honda, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Many tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) recognized by cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) have been identified during the last two decades and some of them have been used in clinical trials. However, there are very few in the field of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because there have not been comparative data regarding CTL responses to various TAAs. In the present study, using 27 peptides derived from 14 different TAAs, we performed comparative analysis of various TAA-specific T-cell responses in 31 HCC patients to select useful antigens for immunotherapy and examined the factors that affect the immune responses to determine a strategy for more effective therapy. Twenty-four of 31 (77.4%) HCC patients showed positive responses to at least one TAA-derived peptide in enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The TAAs consisting of cyclophilin B, squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells (SART) 2, SART3, p53, multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 3, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) were frequently recognized by T cells and these TAA-derived peptides were capable of generating peptide-specific CTLs in HCC patients, which suggested that these TAAs are immunogenic. HCC treatments enhanced TAA-specific immune responses with an increased number of memory T cells and induced de novo T-cell responses to lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2, p53, and hTERT. Blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) resulted in unmasking of TAA-specific immune responses by changing cytokine and chemokine profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by TAA-derived peptides.Cyclophilin B, SART2, SART3, p53, MRP3, AFP, and hTERT were immunogenic targets for HCC immunotherapy. TAA-specific immunotherapy combined with HCC treatments and anti-CTLA-4 antibody has the possibility to produce stronger tumor-specific immune responses.
Single-Molecule Genomic Data Delineate Patient-Specific Tumor Profiles and Cancer Stem Cell Organization
Authors: Andrea Sottoriva, Inmaculada Spiteri, Darryl Shibata, Christina Curtis, Simon Tavaré
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Substantial evidence supports the concept that cancers are organized in a cellular hierarchy with cancer stem cells (CSC) at the apex. To date, the primary evidence for CSCs derives from transplantation assays, which have known limitations. In particular, they are unable to report on the fate of cells within the original human tumor. Because of the difficulty in measuring tumor characteristics in patients, cellular organization and other aspects of cancer dynamics have not been quantified directly, although they likely play a fundamental role in tumor progression and therapy response. As such, new approaches to study CSCs in patient-derived tumor specimens are needed. In this study, we exploited ultradeep single-molecule genomic data derived from multiple microdissected colorectal cancer glands per tumor, along with a novel quantitative approach to measure tumor characteristics, define patient-specific tumor profiles, and infer tumor ancestral trees. We show that each cancer is unique in terms of its cellular organization, molecular heterogeneity, time from malignant transformation, and rate of mutation and apoptosis. Importantly, we estimate CSC fractions between 0.5% and 4%, indicative of a hierarchical organization responsible for long-lived CSC lineages, with variable rates of symmetric cell division. We also observed extensive molecular heterogeneity, both between and within individual cancer glands, suggesting a complex hierarchy of mitotic clones. Our framework enables the measurement of clinically relevant patient-specific characteristics in vivo, providing insight into the cellular organization and dynamics of tumor growth, with implications for personalized patient care.
BENIGN TYPE OF MALIGNANT SYNDROME
Authors: Takahiro Mezaki, Shin-Ichiro Ohtani, Kazuo Abe, Nobutsugu Hirono, Fukashi Udaka, Masakuni Kameyama, FrederickH. Meyers, Pere Domingo, Josefina Muñoz, Manuel Bonastre, Josep Lloret, Josep Ris
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Rhinovirus infection and healthcare utilisation in prematurely born infants
Authors: Simon B. Drysdale, Mireia Alcazar-Paris, Theresa Wilson, Melvyn Smith, Mark Zuckerman, Simon Broughton, Gerrard F. Rafferty, Janet L. Peacock, Sebastian L. Johnston, Anne Greenough
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Our aim was to determine whether rhinovirus (RV) lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in prematurely born infants increase health-related cost of care during infancy. 153 infants born at &lt;36 weeks of gestation were prospectively followed to 1 year. Cost of care was calculated from the National Health Service reference costing scheme and healthcare utilisation determined by examining hospital/general practitioner records. 20 infants developed RV LRTIs (RV group), 17 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) LRTIs (RSV group), 12 both RV and RSV LRTIs (RV/RSV group) and 74 had no LRTI (no LRTI group). Compared with the no LRTI group, the RV/RSV LRTI group had the greatest increase in adjusted mean cost (difference GBP 5769), followed by the RV LRTI group (difference GBP 278) and, finally, the RSV LRTI group (difference GBP 172) (p=0.045). The RV group had more outpatient (p&lt;0.05) and respiratory-related general practitioner (p&lt;0.05) attendances, more wheezed at follow-up (p&lt;0.001) than the no LRTI group and more had respiratory-related outpatient attendances than the RSV LRTI group (p&lt;0.05). We conclude that RV LRTIs were associated with increased health-related cost of care during infancy; our results suggest that the RV group compared with the RSV group suffered greater chronic respiratory morbidity.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 3 Promotes Recruitment of Monocyte/Macrophages in Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Petra Keul, Susann Lucke, Karin von Wnuck Lipinski, Constantin Bode, Markus Gräler, Gerd Heusch, Bodo Levkau
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has not been investigated.We hypothesized that the S1P receptor 3 (S1P(3)) plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.We examined atherosclerotic lesion development in mice deficient for S1P(3) and apolipoprotein (Apo)E. Although S1P(3) deficiency did not affect lesion size after 25 or 45 weeks of normal chow diet, it resulted in a dramatic reduction of the monocyte/macrophage content in lesions of S1P(3)(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) double knockout mice. To search for putative defects in monocyte/macrophage recruitment, we examined macrophage-driven inflammation during thioglycollate-induced peritonitis. Elicited peritoneal macrophages were reduced in S1P(3)-deficient mice and expressed lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Bone marrow-derived S1P(3)-deficient macrophages produced less MCP-1 in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In vitro, S1P was chemotactic for wild-type but not S1P(3)-deficient peritoneal macrophages. In vivo, S1P concentration increased rapidly in the peritoneal cavity after initiation of peritonitis. Treatment with the S1P analog FTY720 attenuated macrophage recruitment to the peritoneum. Studies in bone marrow chimeras showed that S1P(3) in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells contributed to monocyte/macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. Finally, S1P(3) deficiency increased the smooth muscle cell content of atherosclerotic lesions and enhanced neointima formation after carotid ligation arguing for an antiproliferative/antimigratory role of S1P(3) in the arterial injury response.Our data suggest that S1P(3) mediates the chemotactic effect of S1P in macrophages in vitro and in vivo and plays a causal role in atherosclerosis by promoting inflammatory monocyte/macrophage recruitment and altering smooth muscle cell behavior.
Neonatal Drug Withdrawal From Propoxyphene
Authors: Warren W. Quillian
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PROPOXYPHENE hydrochloride (Darvon) is a commonly prescribed drug and is closely related to methadone chemically. 1 According to the manufacturer's literature, tolerance and psychological and physical dependence may occur in adults. To our knowledge, there has been one reported case of neonatal withdrawal symptoms associated with the maternal use of propoxyphene hydrochloride. 2 Our case describes an infant in whom withdrawal symptoms developed and propoxyphene hydrochloride was present in her blood and urine but subsequently cleared.  Family physicians, obstetricians, and pediatricians should be alert to the potential danger of this drug to the neonate when it is used regularly during pregnancy.  Report of a Case  A 2,050-gm girl was born to a 29-year-old Rh-negative mother after 34 weeks of gestation. In the fourth month of pregnancy, the mother took 65 mg of propoxyphene hydrochloride four to six times daily because of intermittent right-sided abdominal pain. The dosage was reduced to
The Clockwork of Metabolism
Authors: Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey, Biliana Marcheva, Akira Kohsaka, Joseph Bass
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2007)

The observation that cycles of sleep and wakefulness occur with a periodicity fixed in time to match the rotation of the Earth on its axis provided a key to unlock the first genetic code for a neurobehavioral pathway in flies and ultimately in mice. As a remarkable outcome of this discovery, we have gained an unprecedented view of the conserved genetic program that encodes a sense of time across all kingdoms of life. The tools are now in hand to begin to understand how important processes such as energy homeostasis and fuel utilization are coordinated to anticipate daily changes in environment caused by the rising and setting of the sun. A better understanding of the impact of circadian gene networks on nutrient balance at the molecular, cellular, and system levels promises to shed light on the emerging association between disorders of diabetes, obesity, sleep, and circadian timing.
Endothelins, pseudo-obstruction and Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: P J MILLA
Journal: Gut (1999)

See article on page246 

It has been known since the 1950s that the enteric nervous system is formed from cells that arise from the neural crest.1 The enteric neurones mainly arise from the vagal neural crest of the developing hind brain and colonise the gut in a rostro caudal migration but some seem to arrive in the hind gut from the lumbosacral level via a caudo rostral wave of colonisation. The neural crest cells that migrate and colonise the gut are committed to become neuroblasts or neuronal support cells, glioblasts; however, differentiation into neurones and glial cells seems not to take place until they have reached their final resting places in the gut. Movement through the gut mesenchyme, survival in the gut and differentiation into mature cells is strongly influenced by contacts with the microenvironment which consists of other cells in the mesenchyme, neural crest, and the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix components provide directional clues to migrating neural crest cells and together with neighbouring cells provide some of the signals for crest cell differentiation. For example, the appearance of neural crest cells in the gut is preceded by expression of extracellular matrix molecules2 and other factors such as glial derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) ensure survival of committed neuroblasts.3 Thus defects of the neural crest cells themselves or alteration of the microenvironment of …
Chromosome 17 Polysomy without Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Amplification Does Not Predict Response to Lapatinib Plus Paclitaxel Compared with Paclitaxel in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Leona Downey, Robert B. Livingston, Maria Koehler, Michael Arbushites, Lisa Williams, Angela Santiago, Roberta Guzman, Ivonne Villalobos, Angelo Di Leo, Michael F. Press
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

It has been suggested that a subgroup of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer patients with chromosome 17 (Chr-17) polysomy benefit from HER2-directed therapy. This hypothesis was examined using the data from a phase III trial that randomized patients with HER2-negative or HER2-untested metastatic breast cancer to first-line therapy with paclitaxel along with either lapatinib or placebo.HER2 expression level by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and mean HER2 ratio of Chr-17 values were determined centrally using archival tissue. Polysomy means of 2.0 and 2.2 served as thresholds.Of 580 patients on the original trial, 406 were HER2 negative by FISH. Progression-free survival (PFS) data were available for 405 patients, of whom 44 (11%) met the definition of polysomy (Chr-17 >or=2.2, FISH negative for HER2). Median PFS in the polysomy group was 20.9 and 24.4 weeks for paclitaxel plus lapatinib and paclitaxel plus placebo, respectively. In the nonpolysomy group, median PFS was 24.6 and 23.1 weeks for paclitaxel plus lapatinib and paclitaxel plus placebo, respectively. Log-rank testing showed no treatment advantage for either group. Similar results were found using a Chr-17 polysomy cutoff of 2.0. Response rates in the polysomy group were 17% for paclitaxel plus lapatinib and 10% for paclitaxel plus placebo. In the nonpolysomy group, response rates were 32% for paclitaxel plus lapatinib and 25% for paclitaxel plus placebo. Neither comparison was statistically significant.This analysis could not confirm the hypothesis that Chr-17 polysomy in HER2-nonamplified patients improved chemotherapy outcome when lapatinib is added as a HER2-targeted treatment.
Diabetes and Heart Failure in Patients With Coronary Disease: Separating Markers From Mediators
Authors: Darren K. McGuire, M. Odette Gore, Frederick A. Masoudi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Patients with type 2 diabetes compared with nondiabetic patients have two- to fivefold higher risk for developing heart failure (1–3) and have poorer outcomes once heart failure is present (4,5). These relationships have been identified in observational studies spanning the clinical spectrum of diabetes, including cohorts comprising patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (6), patients with or at high-risk for coronary heart disease (7,8), and those suffering acute coronary syndromes (9–11). In the study by van Melle et al. (12) published in this issue of Diabetes Care , the relationship between diabetes and heart failure risk among patients with stable coronary heart disease is again observed. In addition, the observation is made that higher A1C is linearly and independently associated with increased heart failure risk, independent of whether the patient has established diabetes, with the relationships qualitatively and quantitatively similar to prior reports (8,13). Before reviewing these observations in the context of the existing literature, a few comments with regard to the study design, analyses, and interpretations of van Melle et al. are warranted.

While the reported observations are consistent with much of the existing literature associating disordered glucose metabolism with incremental heart failure risk, it must be noted that this study identified only 77 incident heart failure events, including 30 among patients with diabetes (15.0%) and 47 in those without diabetes (7.4%). This small number of events limits the statistical power and precision of the analyses and calls for commensurate caution in the interpretation of the significance and magnitude …