tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 316: A Novel Video-Based Motion Analysis System to Evaluate Performance of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Ambulance Transport
Authors: Patrick Chow-In Ko, Cedric Guan-Cheng Jin, Jhe-Wei Li, Jing-Fu Juang, Joar Eilevstjønn, Chih-Wei Yang, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma, Ja-Ling Wu, Min-Chun Hu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: Various devices, either expensive or inconvenient, were developed to monitor the quality of CPR, which is crucial to survival for cardiac arrest. CPR performance en route of ambulance transport was hard to be measured and rarely reported. A novel video-based CPR analysis system, called “See-CPR”, showing reliable CPR performance evaluation in previous manikin study, was designed to automatically analyze CPR performance in ambulance of OHCA transport. Methods: To automatically detect chest compression (CC) movements in video documenting CPR, we first estimated the motion of objects using the motion vectors of MPEG videos. We extracted representative features and used a hierarchical detecting scheme, including frame-level detection and group-level classification, to determine the location of CC occurrence in both time and spatial domains. CC rate, CC duration, and hands-off no flow time (NFT) can be shown on video simultaneously. (Figure 1) To determine the performance of computerized video moti...
Long-term effects of pre-surgical stress management for men with early stage prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP)
Authors: L. Cohen, C. Pettaway, R. Babaian, L. Pisters, B. Miles, A. Harrison-Fortier, D. Devine, Q. Wei, P. Parker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

5148 Background: We conducted a randomized trial to examine pre-surgical stress management for men undergoing RP. We previously reported on the short-term benefits in reducing mood disturbances before and after surgery. Methods: One hundred and fifty- eight men were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. Men in the stress management (SM) group discussed their fears and concerns about the upcoming surgery and were taught diaphragmatic breathing, guided imagery, an imaginal exposure to the day of surgery, and exposure to adaptive coping skills. Men in the supportive attention (SA) group discussed their fears and concerns about the upcoming surgery and then a semi-structured interview was conducted. Men in the SM and SA groups met with a clinical psychologist two times prior to surgery, a brief session just prior to surgery, and then again prior to discharge. Men in the usual care (UC) group had no meetings with a psychologist. Men completed psychosocial and quality of life (QOL) measures including distress (BSI-GSI), intrusive thoughts (IES), and QOL (SF-36), at baseline and 6 and 12 months later. Results: Men were primarily Caucasian (78%), married (85%) and highly educated (80% some college or higher). Mixed model analyses, controlling for ethnicity, age, martial status, stage, baseline PSA, Gleason score, and the respective baseline measure, indicated a significant group main effect for SF-36 Role Physical (SF-RP)(p=0.01). Post-hoc analyses revealed significantly higher SF-RP scores for the SM (86) vs. UC (63) group and marginally higher scores for the SM (86) vs. SA (73) group. There was a marginally significant group main effect for pain scores (SF-BP) (p=0.12) with the SM group reporting significantly better pain scores than the UC group (80 vs. 71), and neither group differed from the SA group (77). There was also a group by time effect for general health scores (SF-GH) revealing by 12 months after surgery that the SM (74) and SA (76) groups both reported higher SF-GH scores than the UC group (68). There were no group differences on any of the other outcomes. Conclusions: Results suggest that even a brief pre-surgical stress management intervention is beneficial in terms of improving aspects of QOL 6 and 12 months after RP. Funding: NIMH/NCI RO1MH59432 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Small bowel adenocarcinoma: A review of 491 cases
Authors: T. R. Halfdanarson, F. Quevedo, R. R. McWilliams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

4127 Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare tumor accounting for less than 2% of all GI tumors. The prognosis of advanced disease is poor. Benefits of adjuvant therapy following complete resection are uncertain. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 491 pts with primary SBA diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic from 1970–2005. Patients with ampullary and periampullary tumors were excluded. Results: 303 pts (62%) were male and the median age was 62 years. 280 (57%) of the tumors were located in the duodenum, 143 (29%) in the jejunum, 48 (10%) in the ileum and in 20 (9%) the location was not specified. Abdominal pain was the most common principal symptom occurring in 203 pts (43%), followed by anemia/GI bleeding in 104 pts (22%) and nausea/vomiting in 76 pts (16%). The most common histologic grading was 3, occurring in 224 pts (45%). 79 pts (16%) grade 4, 170 pts (35%) grade 2, with 7 (1.4%) grade 1. The TNM staging was as follows: 0: 3 (0.6%), I: 36 (7.3%), II: 133 (27.1%), III: 137 (27.9) and IV: 163 (33.2). In 18 pts (3.7%), data were insufficient for staging. The median survival for the entire cohort was 20.7 months, with 5 and 10 year survival 26% and 19% respectively. Increasing age (p &lt; 0.0001), male sex (p = 0.026), advanced stage (p &lt; 0.0001), grade 4 tumors (p = 0.005) and residual disease after surgery (p &lt; 0.0001) were independently associated with shortened survival in a multivariate analysis. Neither adjuvant chemoradiation (n = 40) nor 5-FU based chemotherapy (n = 33) improved overall survival after complete resection, even after adjusting for age, sex, location, lymph node status and grade (RR 1.17, p = 0.45). This remained true for the subset of patients with resected duodenal tumors as well (RR 1.06, p = 0.83). The use of chemotherapy was associated with prolonged survival in patients with metastatic disease. The median survival and 1-year survival was 15.3 mos vs. 3.1 mos and 59% vs. 5.9% respectively (p &lt; 0.0001), in this highly selected group. Conclusion: SBA is a rare tumor with a relatively poor prognosis. Complete resection of all disease offers the only chance of cure. The benefits of adjuvant therapy remain unknown, but chemotherapy in the metastatic setting may provide survival benefit. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Maximizing the Efficacy of MAPK-Targeted Treatment in<i>PTEN</i>LOF<i>/BRAF</i>MUT Melanoma through PI3K and IGF1R Inhibition
Authors: Barbara Herkert, Audrey Kauffmann, Sandra Mollé, Christian Schnell, Thomas Ferrat, Hans Voshol, Janina Juengert, Hélène Erasimus, Grégory Marszalek, Malika Kazic-Legueux, Eric Billy, David Ruddy, Mark Stump, Daniel Guthy, Mitko Ristov, Keith Calkins, Sauveur-Michel Maira, William R. Sellers, Francesco Hofmann, Michael N. Hall, Saskia M. Brachmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The introduction of MAPK pathway inhibitors paved the road for significant advancements in the treatment of BRAF-mutant (BRAFMUT) melanoma. However, even BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination therapy has failed to offer a curative treatment option, most likely because these pathways constitute a codependent signaling network. Concomitant PTEN loss of function (PTENLOF) occurs in approximately 40% of BRAFMUT melanomas. In this study, we sought to identify the nodes of the PTEN/PI3K pathway that would be amenable to combined therapy with MAPK pathway inhibitors for the treatment of PTENLOF/BRAFMUT melanoma. Large-scale compound sensitivity profiling revealed that PTENLOF melanoma cell lines were sensitive to PI3Kβ inhibitors, albeit only partially. An unbiased shRNA screen (7,500 genes and 20 shRNAs/genes) across 11 cell lines in the presence of a PI3Kβ inhibitor identified an adaptive response involving the IGF1R–PI3Kα axis. Combined inhibition of the MAPK pathway, PI3Kβ, and PI3Kα or insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) synergistically sustained pathway blockade, induced apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth in PTENLOF/BRAFMUT melanoma models. Notably, combined treatment with the IGF1R inhibitor, but not the PI3Kα inhibitor, failed to elevate glucose or insulin signaling. Taken together, our findings provide a strong rationale for testing combinations of panPI3K, PI3Kβ + IGF1R, and MAPK pathway inhibitors in PTENLOF/BRAFMUT melanoma patients to achieve maximal response. Cancer Res; 76(2); 390–402. ©2015 AACR.
Brief Communication: Increased Tumor Metastasis After In Vitro Alteration of the Cell Surface2
Authors: Richard C. Parks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

A strain-specific transplantable melanoma (S-91) growing progressively in DBA/1 mice and metastasizing selectively to the lungs was maintained for 16 days in organ culture before being grafted to syngeneic (DBA/1) and allogeneic (BALB/c and C57BL/6) recipients. The cultured S-91 grew progressively in the syngeneic mice and to a moderate degree in the allogeneic strains; it showed an increased tendency to metastasize in both the DBA/1 and C57BL/6 recipients. Heterophilic cytoagglutination assays of cultured S-91 cells were less apt to aggregate in the presence of concanavalin A than were their noncultured counterparts, which suggested alteration of the plasma membrane. Organ culture explantation appeared to alter phenotypically the cell-surface membrane and thus increase the cell's ability to metastasize while possibly reducing the immunogenicity of the cultured tumor cells.
John Stuart Mill on the liberty of the mentally ill: a historical note
Authors: John Monahan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The author discusses the quote from Mill's On Liberty that is often cited by libertarians in opposition to involuntary commitment of the mentally ill. This quote has been taken out of context; other statements in the document indicate that Mill excluded from his libertarian credo those "without the ordinary amount of understanding," i.e., those people who would now be considered mentally ill.
Evaluation of the antitumor activity of gefitinib (ZD1839) in combination with celecoxib in patients with advanced esophageal cancer
Authors: W. L. Vervenne, J. M. Bollen, J. J. G. H. M. Bergman, C. Y. Nio, M. C. C. M. Hulshof, J. J. B. Van Lanschot, D. J. Richel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4054 Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in esophageal cancer and is associated with advanced disease, resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and poor prognosis. Furthermore, upregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) has been observed in esophageal cancer, suggesting that COX2 may also play a role in esophageal carcinogenesis. In preclinical studies, COX2 inhibition decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells (Cancer Res 2000; 60: 5767–72). In this study, we examined the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of the orally active EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib (‘Iressa’, ZD1839) with the COX2 inhibitor celecoxib (Celebrex) in patients with advanced esophageal cancer without previous exposure to chemotherapy. Methods: In this single-arm Phase II trial, patients received gefitinib (250 mg/day) and celecoxib (400 mg bid). Study objectives included evaluating tumor response, progression-free and overall survival, and tolerability. Results: To date, 15 patients have been recruited; 3 with squamous-cell carcinoma and 12 with adenocarcinoma. Fourteen patients were evaluable for response; 1 was not evaluable due to death from gastrointestinal bleeding as a result of tumor progression. At first evaluation after 2 months of treatment, 10 patients (71%) had disease progression while 3 (21%) had stable disease and are in follow-up with a mean time of 5.5 months. One patient was lost to follow-up and not evaluable. No radiologic remission was observed in any patient. All 15 patients were evaluable for tolerability. The most frequently occurring adverse event was acneiform skin rash, grade 1/2 in 6 patients (40%). No treatment-related grade 3/4 toxicities were seen. Conclusions: Combination treatment with gefitinib and celecoxib was generally well tolerated. Although 3 patients had disease stabilization, the lack of efficacy in this small study might preclude further clinical investigation of this combination. ‘Iressa’ is a trademark of the AstraZeneca group of companies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Upper gastrointestinal safety and tolerability profile of once-monthly and daily oral ibandronate is similar in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 1-year results from MOBILE
Authors: Silvio Adami, L. B. Tanko, R. Nuti, C. Leigh, N. Mairon, F. Sedarati, Jean-Yves Reginster
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)
Abstract 15175: Critical Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 1 in the Cardioprotection Through the Maintenance of Energy Production During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yusuke Kashiwagi, Tomohisa Nagoshi, Takuya Yoshino, Ryuko Anzawa, Michihiro Yoshimura
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Glucose becomes an important preferential substrate for cardiac metabolism and ATP generation under specific pathological conditions, such as ischemia. Glucose utilization is initiated by glucose uptake, which is mainly controlled by glucose transporters. Although the role of passive glucose transporters (GLUTs) has been investigated intensively, little is known about the functional significance of the other active transporter, sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), in the heart. We herein hypothesized that cardiac SGLT1 plays a critical role for cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), possibly through the enhanced glucose utilization for the energy production. To test this, we studied the effects of 10-4 M of phlorizin, SGLT1 inhibitor, on the baseline function and its response to global ischemia (20 minutes)-reperfusion (40 minutes) injury in mouse Langendorff perfusion model, where SGLT1, but not SGLT2, is highly expressed, as confirmed by immunoblotting assay. Although phlorizin did not affect baseline function, its administration during IRI significantly impaired recovery in left ventricular contraction (% recovery of baseline; 67.3±4.5 vs. 89.7±6.8%, n=5 each, P&lt;0.05) and rate pressure product (18600±1290 vs. 25100±1010 mmHg•bpm, n=5 each, P&lt;0.01), associated with increased infarct size demonstrated by TTC staining as well as CPK activity released into the perfusate (20.8±9.5 vs. 2.0±0.6 U•g, n≥3, P&lt;0.05). Of note, the onset of ischemic contracture, which is thought to be initiated by ATP depletion in cardiomyocytes, was earlier with phlorizin perfusion (288±21 vs. 364±27 sec, n≥8, P&lt;0.05). Consistent with this, the significant reduction of tissue ATP content was observed in phlorizin perfused heart (4.81±0.61 vs. 6.87±0.13 μmol/g tissue, n≥4, P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, these data demonstrate that SGLT1 represents an important cardioprotective mechanism against IRI possibly through the maintenance of ATP generation. Our findings shed new light on the essential role of SGLT1 for the optimization of cardiac energy metabolism by the enhanced glucose availability during ischemia, thus leading to substantial myocardial protection after severe ischemic insults.
Association Between Fetuin A and Geriatric Sarcopenic Heart Failure: Echocardiographic Survey From Tianliao Old People (TOP) Study
Authors: Wei-Ting Chang, Wei-Chuan Tsai, Chih-Hsing Wu, Yi-Heng Li, Liang-Miin Tsai, Jyh-Hong Chen, Ping-Yen Liu
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Abstract 13699: A True World Picture - Surgical Revision After Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair With the Mitraclip Device
Authors: Grzegorz Hirnle, Joerg Seeburger, Michael A Borger, Jens Garbade, Martin Misfeld, Freidrich W Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Transcatheter mitral valve (MV) repair is of increasing interest facing however questionable mid term results. We herein report MV reference center experience of 18 patients who underwent MV surgery after failed percutaneous MV repair with MitraClip device (Evalve, Menlo Park, CA). Methods: Between June 2010 and October 2013, a total of 141 patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) underwent MitraClip procedure at Heart Center Leipzig. 11 patients (7.8%) needed surgical treatment for failed MV repair with the MitraClip device. For the same reasons we admitted 7 patients who underwent MitraClip procedure in other cardiac surgery centers. Mean EuroScore II of the patients was 23,51 (5,17-60,14). Results: From the group of 18 patients undergoing surgical treatment after MitraClip repair, 14 patients (77.7%) received one or more clip-implants and 4 patients (22.2%) suffered from failed MitraClip implantation. All patient were symptomatic (n=9, 50% - NYHA III; n=9, 50% - NYHA IV). The primary indications for surgery were: partial clip detachment (n=11, 61.1%), failed MitraClip implantation (n=4, 22.2%), recurrent MR greater than moderate (2+) (n=3, 16.6%), acute mitral valve endocarditis (n=1, 5.5%), mitral ring and clip detachment (n=1, 5.5%). 13 patients (72.2%) underwent MV replacement, 3 patients (16.6%) received left-ventricular assist device (LVAD), 2 patients (11.1%) underwent MV repair. One-month mortality reached 27,8% (n=5), and the overall mortality reached 50% (n=9). Conclusions: MV repair was feasible in only 2 cases (11.1%). Despite the high operative risk, surgical treatment after percutaneous MV repair failure with the MitraClip device is an option to be considered.
Recombinant toxin DAB<sub>389</sub>EGF produces regressions of human glioma xenografts in nude mice
Authors: A. E. Frankel, T. F. Liu, A. M. Thorburn, S. B. Tatter, M. C. Willingham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3101 Background: DAB389EGF, composed of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin fused via a His-Ala linker to human epidermal growth factor is selectively toxic to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpressing human glioma cells (Curr Pharm Biotech, 4, 39, 2003; Cancer Res, 63, 1834, 2003; J Neurooncol, 65, 77, 2003; Bioconj Chem, 14, 1167, 2003). Based on this in vitro activity and the high frequency of EGFR expression in human gliomas (Mol Cancer Ther, 2, 783, 2003), we examined the in vivo anti-glioma activity of DAB389EGF. Methods: Groups of five 8 wk old female athymic nu/nu mice were inoculated with 10 million U87MG human glioma cells subcutaneously. After tumors grew to at least 100 mm3, intra-tumor injections were given in 50 microliter volume every other day of saline or DAB389EGF (1, 5, or 10 μg). Tumor size and animal weights were recorded. After one month, animals were euthanized, and tumor samples were examined by routine histology, immuno-reactivity with anti-EGFR antibody, and sensitivity to DAB389EGF in tissue culture. Results: Tumor regressions and inhibition of growth were observed at all dose levels of DAB389EGF as shown in the table below. At the highest dose levels (10 μg), histology showed only a few residual tumor cells. At the lower dose levels (1 and 5 μg), residual tumor was observed and retained EGFR positivity and DAB389EGF sensitivity. The growth inhibition was significant for all dose levels analyzed by the Student's t test (one-sided) p=0.01, 0.005, and <0.0001 for DAB389EGF 1ug, 5ug and 10ug, respectively. Conclusions: DAB389EGF is an excellent candidate agent for interstitial therapy of high-grade gliomas. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Implications of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in clinical oncology.
Authors: F Chang, S Syrjänen, K Syrjänen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE The p53 gene encompasses 16 to 20 kb of DNA on the short arm of human chromosome 17. It encodes for a 393-amino acid nuclear phosphoprotein involved in cell-cycle control. Loss of normal p53 function is associated with cell transformation in vitro and development of neoplasms in vivo. During the past few years, the dramatic progress in the molecular biology of p53 has raised the exciting prospect for cancer management. The purpose of this review is to assess the potential role of p53 in clinical oncology. DESIGN Data on the alterations in the p53 gene in human cancers, with special emphasis on the clinical implications of changes in the p53 gene in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of human cancers, are summarized in this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that abrogation of normal p53 pathway is a common feature in human cancers, and it appears to be a critical step in the pathogenesis and progression of tumors. Analysis of p53 function and mutations in human cancers may lead to identification of the precise nature of the carcinogenic damage in human tissues. These laboratory investigations and biologic findings have raised the possibility to screen patients at increased risk for cancer, aid the diagnosis made by traditional methods, assess the prognosis of individual cancer patient, design treatment protocols, and test the response to therapeutic agents.
O071 : Telomerase reverse transcriptase mutations are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in nash
Authors: B. Donati, E. Vanni, P. Dongiovanni, M. Iavarone, R. Rametta, C. Rosso, A. Carnelutti, S. Petta, A.L. Fracanzani, H.L. Reeves, J.F. Dofour, L. Miele, Q. Anstee, E. Bugianesi, G. Soardo, S. Fargion, L. Valenti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Growth of tumorspheres exhibiting stem cell features from peripherally circulating tumor cells.
Authors: Katharina Pachmann, Monica Pizon, Dorothea Zimon, Ulrich A. Pachmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

32 Background: Even after the complete resection of a malignant tumor the menace remains, that cells that have dissociated from the tumor might resettle in distant organs and grow into life-threatening metastases. Therefore we have developed an approach (maintrac) to detect and monitor the circulating tumor suspect epithelial cells in blood. However, the question arises whether these cells have the potential to grow into metastases. Methods: Using a nondissipative approach with only one enrichment step of red blood cell lysis, the cells from the pellet, containing the white blood cells together with the putative tumor cells were cultured under conditions favoring the growth of epithelial cells. At 7, 14 and 21 days the cultured cells were stained with anti-EpCAM antibody and inspected for the appearance of epithelial antigen positive spheroids. Results: Peripherally circulating cells from patients with malignant tumors in different stages of disease were analyzed for the presence of circulating epithelial tumor suspect cells and the frequencies of tumorspheres. Tumorspheres could so far be grown from 79% of 36 patients in whom more than 1700/ml epithelial tumor suspect cells were detected. Numbers of tumorspheres varied from 1 to 29 /ml and correlated with the aggressiveness of the tumor. Surprsingly the numbers were highest in patients who had not yet received any systemic therapy after surgery. The size of the spheres increased from day 7 to day 21. The spheres were negative for CD24 and positive for CD44. They highly expressed ALDH1 and thus exhibited typical features of stem cells. Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate that the tumor suspect cells, detected in our approach contain a subpopulation with stem cell-like properties capable of growing into tumorspheres. The frequency and growth potential of cells capable of forming spheres seems to be dependent from the properties of the primary tumor. The possibility to grow tumorspheres from peripherally circulating tumor cells may open up a new field, where the relevant cells with stem cell properties from individual patients can now be specifically analysed further for genetic endowment, transcriptional activity, heterogeneity and stem cell markers.