tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity of Cancer Patients Treated With Recombinant lnterferon&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E Lotzová, C A Savary, J R Quesada, J U Gutterman, E M Hersh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of 24 cancer patients was studied prior to and after single and multiple injections of various doses of human leukocyte recombinant interferon-alpha clone A (IFN-alpha rA). The NK cell cytotoxicity of all cancer patients declined consistently 4 and 8 hours after a single injection of IFN-alpha rA. Twenty-four hours after the injection of IFN-alpha rA, NK cell cytotoxicity of patients with low NK cell phenotype (NK-LR) was significantly augmented, whereas that of patients with medium (NK-MR) or high (NK-HR) NK phenotype was depressed. After multiple injections of IFN-alpha rA, depression of NK cell cytotoxicity was observed in a number of NK-MR and NK-HR patients, but in some patients with NK-LR phenotype, further potentiation was observed. No direct correlation between the NK cell augmentation and serum IFN levels was detected. In in vitro studies, IFN-alpha rA, when added to cultures of target and effector cells of normal individuals in a dose of 10(3) U/ml, was efficient in augmenting NK cell cytotoxicity. NK cell cytotoxicity of cancer patients could also be augmented by the IFN-alpha rA preparation; however, this augmentation occurred only prior to in vivo IFN-alpha rA therapy. After IFN-alpha rA in vivo therapy, their NK cells became refractory to further in vitro IFN-alpha rA treatment.
Recruitment of the nuclear receptor corepressor N-CoR by the TEL moiety of the childhood leukemia–associated TEL-AML1 oncoprotein
Authors: Fabien Guidez, Kevin Petrie, Anthony M. Ford, Huafeng Lu, Caroline A. Bennett, Angus MacGregor, Jürgen Hannemann, Yoshiaki Ito, Jacques Ghysdael, Mel Greaves, Leanne M. Wiedemann, Arthur Zelent
Journal: Blood (2000)
Changes in arm morbidities and health-related quality of life after breast cancer surgery: A five-year follow-up study
Authors: Å. Sagen, R. Kåresen, L. Sandvik, M. Risberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20602 Background: Many breast cancer survivors (BCS) suffer from longterm upper limb morbidities after axillary node dissection. The purpose of this five-year follow-up study was to describe changes in long-term upper limb morbidities, physical activity level, and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and to find factors that predict HRQoL five years after surgery. Methods: This study included 204 women aged 55 ± 9 years who had primary breast cancer surgery with axillary node dissection. The subjects were examined for arm volumes and arm lymphedema, arm pain, sensation of heaviness, shoulder function, physical activity level, and HRQoL, prior to surgery, and six months and five years after surgery. The statistical analyses used included ANOVA for repeated measures and multivariate linear regression. Results: ALE (12%), pain (36%), and sensation of heaviness (32%) in the upper limbs were still present five years after surgery. ALE was the only morbidity that continued to increase over time. The HRQoL temporarily declined after surgery, but improved in the period from six months to five years after surgery. The significant predictive factors of HRQoL five years after surgery included HRQoL prior to surgery, physical activity level at leisure time (both prior to and at six months after surgery), and duration of sick leave after surgery (in weeks). Conclusions: The HRQoL improved from six months to five years, despite the chronic arm pain and increase in ALE. Three independent predictive factors of HRQoL were identified. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Early transcriptional events in cell growth
Authors: V P Sukhatme
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1990)

How eucaryotic cells respond to growth signals is a topic of considerable interest. Though much attention has focused on second messenger pathways, in recent years, progress has been made on elucidating the transcriptional events that lie more distally in the signal transduction process. Indeed, mitogens regulate the induction of several genes without the need for de novo protein synthesis. A subset of these so-called cellular immediate-early genes encode transcription factors. This review focuses on the early growth response group of zinc finger transcriptional factors. These genes are also induced by diverse agents in contexts outside of cell growth. Thus, their characterization should provide important insights into how cellular responses to diverse extracellular signals are mediated.
Clinicopathologic factors and outcomes associated with lymph node retrieval in resectable colon cancer.
Authors: S. Kanuri, W. Gonsalves, T. Tashi, I. Aldoss, A. R. Sama, I. Al-Howaidi, A. Ganti, P. Townley, S. Subbiah, P. T. Silberstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

3608 Background: A long-term determinant of survival in resectable colon cancer is the involvement of regional lymph nodes. The number of lymph nodes examined is a quality care measure and the American College of Pathology recommends 12 or more lymph nodes be examined. We evaluated the impact of this measure on survival and the clinicopathologic factors associated with lymph node retrieval. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 18,022 patients with resected stage I-III colon cancer in the Veteran's Affairs Central Cancer Registry between 1995 and 2008. The association between number of lymph nodes examined and overall survival was assessed using log-rank analysis. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between various groups. Results: The 5-yr survival rates for ≥12 lymph nodes vs. <12 lymph nodes are: Stage I (75% vs. 72%; p = 0.022), Stage IIA (64% vs. 55%; p < 0.001), Stage IIB (53% vs. 38%; p < 0.001) and Stage III (46% vs. 44%; p = 0.064). Mean number of lymph nodes retrieved increases with higher overall stage, higher T stage, age < 65 years, poorer differentiation and right- sided tumors (Table); no difference was seen between race. Patients with 12 or more lymph nodes retrieved has risen from 39% during 1995-1997 to 68% during 2006-2008 (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Younger patients, right-sided tumors, poorer differentiation, higher T and overall stage are associated with increased number of lymph nodes retrieved suggesting increased nodes may be related to host response to tumor. The 12 lymph node measure appears to be a positive prognostic variable and the VA has improved its compliance with this measure. No. of patients Mean no. of nodes ± std dev p value Overall stage p < 0.001 Stage I 5,998 9.6 ± 9.2 Stage IIA 5,755 13.5 ± 9.8 Stage IIB 682 13.2 ± 9.8 Stage III 5,587 14.8 ± 9.8 T stage p < 0.001 T1 3,323 7.8 ± 8.9 T2 3,901 11.8 ± 9.3 T3 10,004 14.2 ± 9.8 T4 794 15.5 ± 9.8 Age p < 0.001 ≥ 65 12,140 12.0 ± 9.4 < 65 5,882 13.6 ± 10.7 Race p = 0.522 Caucasian 14,416 12.5 ± 9.9 African American 3,200 12.7 ± 9.8 Site p < 0.001 Sigmoid 5,894 9.9 ± 9.1 Left 1,691 12.2 ± 10.5 Transverse 1,647 12.9 ± 10.4 Right 8,085 14.6 ± 9.7 Grade p < 0.001 Well diff 2,142 10.6 ± 9.3 Moderately diff 12,232 12.9 ± 9.7 Poorly diff 2,174 15.1 ± 10.6 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Study of prevalence of seropositivity from seven different virus associated to non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
Authors: A. E. Alarcon-Rozas, R. A. Cardenas, K. Villacres, F. Salas, J. Guevara, E. Hernandez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6689 Objective.- NHL is the 5th leading cause of cancer mortality in Peru and it is well known that some virus are associated to NHL like EBV for Burkitt and posttransplantation lymphoma as well as HTLV-I for ATLL. There are emerging virus related to NHL like HCV, CMV, HIV, and HSV. The purpuse of this study is to know the prevalence of IgG and IgM viral seropositivity or by ELISA in some cases in new NHL patients. Patients and Methods.- We collect 60 new patients with confirmed NHL by pathology at Guillermo Almenara Hospital and HMC from 6/99 to 6/02, we took a blood sample for analizing the seropositivity measuring the level of IgG and IgM for HSV-I, HSV-II, EBV and CMV or by ELISA for HCV, HTLV-I and HIV. We do not accept NHL patients already in chemotherapy because many of them could have been infected by some of these virus during the neutropenic period. Results.- Tabla I.- Seropositivity by virus Tabla II.- Patient's Features Conclusions.- It is remarkable the high incidence of T cell and extranodal NHL, different from the epidemiology of NHL in occidental countries. On the other hand the HTLV-I infection (15%) is extremely high but we do not found any ATLL. Finally the memory of B cells of viral infections, expressed in high levels of IgG is important for EBV and HSV-I (75% and 78% respectevely); and for acute infection EBV 10% and CMV 7%. We need a case-control study to determine the significance of these results as well as molecular analisis in order to know if the insertion of viral genome is really in the lymphoma cells. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Preponderance of Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase Deficiency and Heterozygosity Among Patients Intolerant to Mercaptopurine or Azathioprine
Authors: William E. Evans, Yuen Yi Hon, Lisa Bomgaars, Steve Coutre, Mark Holdsworth, Robert Janco, David Kalwinsky, Frank Keller, Ziad Khatib, Judy Margolin, Jeffrey Murray, John Quinn, Y. Ravindranath, Kim Ritchey, William Roberts, Zora R. Rogers, Deborah Schiff, Charles Steuber, Fabio Tucci, Nancy Kornegay, Eugene Y. Krynetski, Mary V. Relling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To assess thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) phenotype and genotype in patients who were intolerant to treatment with mercaptopurine (MP) or azathioprine (AZA), and to evaluate their clinical management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: TPMT phenotype and thiopurine metabolism were assessed in all patients referred between 1994 and 1999 for evaluation of excessive toxicity while receiving MP or AZA. TPMT activity was measured by radiochemical analysis, TPMT genotype was determined by mutation-specific polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses for the TPMT*2, *3A, *3B, and *3C alleles, and thiopurine metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Of 23 patients evaluated, six had TPMT deficiency (activity &lt; 5 U/mL of packed RBCs [pRBCs]; homozygous mutant), nine had intermediate TPMT activity (5 to 13 U/mL of pRBCs; heterozygotes), and eight had high TPMT activity (&gt; 13.5 U/mL of pRBCs; homozygous wildtype). The 65.2% frequency of TPMT-deficient and heterozygous individuals among these toxic patients is significantly greater than the expected 10% frequency in the general population (P &lt; .001, χ 2 ). TPMT phenotype and genotype were concordant in all TPMT-deficient and all homozygous-wildtype patients, whereas five patients with heterozygous phenotypes did not have a TPMT mutation detected. Before thiopurine dosage adjustments, TPMT-deficient patients experienced more frequent hospitalization, more platelet transfusions, and more missed doses of chemotherapy. Hematologic toxicity occurred in more than 90% of patients, whereas hepatotoxicity occurred in six patients (26%). Both patients who presented with only hepatic toxicity had a homozygous-wildtype TPMT phenotype. After adjustment of thiopurine dosages, the TPMT-deficient and heterozygous patients tolerated therapy without acute toxicity. CONCLUSION: There is a significant (&gt; six-fold) overrepresentation of TPMT deficiency or heterozygosity among patients developing dose-limiting hematopoietic toxicity from therapy containing thiopurines. However, with appropriate dosage adjustments, TPMT-deficient and heterozygous patients can be treated with thiopurines, without acute dose-limiting toxicity.
Establishing a medical-legal partnership program for cancer patients.
Authors: Theresa Franco, Susan Schreiner, Kerry J. Rodabaugh, Susan Stensland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

281 Background: Treating cancer patients requires a comprehensive approach extending beyond their medical needs. Patients may have issues with legal implications, which, if not addressed, hinder ones’ ability to focus on their care. The objective in establishing a medical legal partnership program is to create a mechanism for identifying such issues and developing plans for resolution. Brought to the organization’s attention by a newly recruited gynecological oncologist, a collaborative, interdisciplinary program was developed that provides resources necessary to address legal problems such as custody, employment rights, and disability. This reduces the burden on patients and families and improves the quality of life during and after cancer treatment. Methods: The Medical Legal Partnership Program was established under the guidance of a gynecologic oncologist cancer service line administrator, social work department and representatives from legal Aid of Nebraska and Iowa Legal Aid. A memorandum of understanding was signed and the team crafted a process to provide support. This included determining issues in which legal counsel is critical, appropriate patient idenitification, communication strategies, and follow up support. Results: Results include: since the inception of the program in FY 2010 to FY 2013 (to date), 271 patients have been served; a variety of legal issues have been resolved including custody designation, receipt of appropriate benefits, development of wills, and identification of end of life issues; at program inception, one attorney worked one day/ week with a part-time paralegal; in FY 2013, assistance has grown to 20 hours/ week of attorney coverage and a full-time paralegal; and over $250,000 health care dollars have been recovered. Conclusions: Development of a medical legal partnership program has resulted in addressing legal needs that arise during a cancer patient’s course of treatment, reducing their burden to find assistance. It provides an opportunity to recover health care dollars from denied/ unpaid sources and enhances the health care team’s understanding of the important role legal support plays in cancer care.
临床证据（五）儿童哮喘的治疗效果
Authors: 杨汀
Journal: BMJ (2001)

背景知识定义 儿童哮喘 :以慢性、复发性咳嗽及喘鸣为特征 ,能做峰流速或肺功能测定的儿童显示可逆性气道阻塞 ,并需除外其他引起复发性呼吸道症状的病因。婴儿喘鸣 :可由急性病毒感染、发作性病毒相关喘鸣或哮喘引起 ,在临床上难以区分。发病率 /患病率 研究表明 ,虽然更易于诊断为哮喘 ,但喘鸣、气短及哮喘的诊断在儿童中逐渐增多 ,这种上升趋势超出了以往的估计。使用一份来自苏格兰Ａｂｅｒｄｅｅｎ的问卷 ,分别在 1964年和 1989年调查了 2 5 10名 ( 8～ 13岁 )和3 4 0 3名儿童。在这 2 5年间 ,喘鸣的发生率从 10 4 %上升到19 8% ,气短从 5 4 %上升到
The psychopathology of being held hostage
Authors: R G Hillman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The author describes the psychological state of 14 correctional officers it’hile they ;t’ere held hostage during the February /980 riot at a penitentiary in New Mexico . Clinically ,they experienced helplessness, existentialfear, and senso input overload. The psychological experience of being held hostage is compared is’ith ttt’o mnore it’idelv described stress experiences: being a prisoner of war or concentration camp victim . Psychopathologic’allv , all three experiences ha ye noticeable similarities. Knowledge of the psychopathology of the hostage experience is important in understanding hostages’ behavior during capture and after release.
Sequential therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with weekly paclitaxel followed by cisplatin–gemcitabine–vinorelbine. A phase II study
Authors: J Feliu, G Martin, J Lizón, J I Chacón, J Dorta, J de Castro, A Rodríguez, B Sánchez Heras, J C Torrego, E Espinosa, M González Barón
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Colorectal cancer is a risk factor for prostate cancer: a case control study
Authors: H. Bejjanki, V. Khurana, G. Caldito, C. Fort, R. Kochhar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3546 Background: Malignancies that co segregate provide important markers for high risk patients. Colorectal and prostate cancers share some common risk factors including age, family history and a diet high in fat. Several studies have been done to evaluate the association between them, however the results have been conflicting and inconclusive. We studied the association between colorectal and prostate cancers and evaluated the effect of colon cancer diagnosis on the risk for prostate cancer. Methods: VISN 16 data warehouse, which contains clinical and demographic information about all veterans (>1.4 million patients) cared for at the 10 VA Medical Centers in 4 states comprising the South Central VA Health Care Network in the mid-south region of the US, was queried from Oct 1998 to June 2004. Retrospective case control design was used. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used with calculation of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used universally. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software version 9.0 (Chicago, IL). Results: We analyzed 443,774 male patients from our database. The mean age of the selected group was 62.5 (S.D. +/- 14.5). There were 26,087 (5.88%) prostate cancer (ICD-9 185) and 5423 (1.22%) colorectal cancer (ICD-9 153 & 154) patients. There was a significant increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer compared to patients without colorectal cancer (Odds Ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.61 to 1.89, p-value < 0.0001). The data was controlled for age (OR 1.077, 95% CI for OR 1.076–1.078, p=<0.0001), smoking (OR 1.80, 95% CI for OR 1.66–1.95, p=<0.0001), and alcohol use (OR 1.13, 95% CI for OR 1.08–1.19, p=<0.001). All these were highly significant covariates. Conclusions: Our data suggest that colorectal cancer is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer. Patients with colorectal cancer may be considered for more aggressive screening for prostate cancer. The data should be evaluated with caution given the limitations of the population, the database and the design of the study. Some factors known to increase the risk of prostate cancers like family history, diet and race were not incorporated into the study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A randomized trial of five and three drug chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in women with operable node positive breast cancer.
Authors: D C Tormey, V E Weinberg, J F Holland, R B Weiss, O J Glidewell, M Perloff, G Falkson, H C Falkson, P H Henry, L A Leone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Women with breast carcinoma and four or more involved ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were randomly assigned to receive an induction course and 2 yr of maintenance chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF, 150 patients), CMF plus vincristine and prednisone (CMFVP, 166 patients), or chemoimmunotherapy with CMF plus the methanol extraction residue of BCG (CMF-MER, 85 patients). After 5 yr of accrual and a median follow-up of 34 mo, CMFVP is superior to CMF (p less than 0.01) with disease-free survival estimates at 4 yr of 60% for CMFVP compared to 45% for CMF. The disease-free survival advantage of CMFVP over CMF was greater in postmenopausal (p = 0.02) than in premenopausal patients (p = 0.09). CMF-MER was similar to CMF alone. CMF related side effects were similar in each regimen (see text), except for a greater incidence of leukopenia during induction with CMF than with CMFVP (p less than 0.01).
Changes in Pepsinogen Isozymes in Stomach Carcinogenesis Induced in Rats by N-Methyl-N’ -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine 2
Authors: C. Furihata, K. Sasajima, S. Kazama, K. Kogure, T. Kawachi, T. Sugimura, M. Tatematsu, M. Takahashi I
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Changes in the isozymes of pepsinogen (Pg) separated from the glandular stomachs of rats were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis during carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), from the beginning of MNNG administration to 3 months after the end of its 7-month regimen. In 13 of 25 rats killed successively, one (Pg 1) of the three pepsinogen isozymes (Pg 1, 3, 4) normally present in the pyloric mucosa had decreased or disappeared. It decreas was observed from 1 week after the beginning of MNNG treatment to at least 3 months after the end of the 7-month MNNG administration. Remarkable histopathologic changes were found from 8 months after MNNG was given, and rats showing such unusual histopathologic alterations also had changes in their pepsinogen isozyme pattern. In 4 of 27 rats, two (Pg 1, 2) of the four isozymes of pepsinogen (Pg 1-4) in the fundic mucosa decreased or disappeared from 3 months after the beginning of MNNG treatment to at least 2 months after the end of its 7-month administration. Histopathologic changes induced by MNNG were not as remarkable in the fundic mucosa as in the pyloric mucosa.
Gemcitabine in patients with advanced malignant melanoma or gastric cancer: Phase II studies of the EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group
Authors: C Sessa, S Aamdal, I Wolff, R Eppelbaum, J F Smyth, A Sulkes, W Ten Bokkel Huinink, J Vermorken, J Wanders, H Franklin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)
Brief Communication : Low-Dose Chemotherapy as a Prelude to Intensive Treatment of Spontaneous Leukemia-Lymphoma in AKR Mice 2
Authors: William C. Rose, Alfred A. Rimm, Edward C. Saltzstein, Robert L. Truitt, Mortimer M. Bortin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Groups of AKR mice bearing spontaneous leukemia-lymphoma were treated with five different combinations of chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Each treatment combination was given in two sequences--high dose first and low dose last, or low dose first and high dose last--administered over 6-7 days. When the initial treatment was a high dose of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy, mortality in the first 24 hours exceeded 40%, and at least 70% of the mice in each group were dead within 2 weeks. When low-dose chemotherapy was given first, mortality in the first 24 hours was minimal but, most significantly, no deaths occurred in the 24 hours after subsequent high-dose treatment. In the most successful group (100 mg cyclophosphamide/kg on day 0, and 250 mg cyclophosphamide/kg and 400 R total-body X-irradiation on day 7), the median survival time increased significantly as compared with the median survival time among mice given the same regimen in reverse sequence (p less than 0.001) or among untreated control mice (p less than 0.01). With this regimen, survival 60 days after the last treatment was 47%. No mouse survived 30 days when the sequence of treatments was reversed. From these results, we conclude that chemotherapeutic and chemoradiotherapeutic regimens for AKR spontaneous leukemia-lymphoma should be designed so that low, minimally lethal doses precede higher doses.
169 years of medical research: An analysis of the temporal trends in the BMJ Archive
Authors: M Thorat, P Thorat, H Vaidya, JS Vaidya
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Background:
Archives of the British Medical Journal are now available
as an electronic database and articles published in the BMJ could be used to capture the historical trends of interest in medical subjects over past 170 years, we sought to study some of these trends.

Method:
We selected 10 search terms: 4 communicable diseases, 4 non-
communicable diseases, and 2 interventions and used ‘advanced search’ feature of the BMJ archive. Keywords were searched for in either the title or abstract of the article. From the results displayed, a further manual search for research articles was made.
Results: Non-communicable diseases show significant increase in the number of articles in the second half of
20th century. Number of research articles on communicable diseases show fluctuations coinciding with the epidemics of respective diseases. Increase in the number of research articles for certain diseases is preceded by a large increase in non -research articles. 
Conclusion:
Publication of articles in the BMJ very closely reflects
the changes in the disease patterns, magnitude
and in their treatments and trends in BMJ publications may also predict future research
activity/publications.