tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP88: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) and Risk of Stroke in Black and White Americans: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Cohort (REGARDS)
Authors: Markus Degirmenci, Peter W Callas, Suzanne E Judd, Virginia Howard, Nancy S Jenny, Brett Kissela, Catherine Kim, Mary Cushman
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The association of DHEAS with coronary risk has been extensively studied, but little information is available on stroke risk. DHEAS levels are lower with stroke risk factors such as atrial fibrillation, arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis, but only one paper evaluated stroke risk and showed an inverse association of DHEAS and stroke risk in female nurses. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that lower DHEAS level is associated with increased ischemic stroke risk. Methods: REGARDS enrolled 30,239 US participants aged 45 and older in 2003-07 (41% black, 59% white, 55% living in the southeastern stroke belt). Baseline serum DHEAS was measured in 1,578 participants; 963 in a cohort random sample and 544 with first-time ischemic stroke during 5.4 years of follow up. Cox proportional hazard models with weights to account for the case cohort design were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) of stroke by quartiles of DHEAS levels. Results: DHEAS was significantly lower with older age, white race, female sex, and history of heart disease. DHEAS in the first compared to the fourth quartile was associated with increased risk of stroke (HR 1.7, CI: 1.2-2.4), although this association was not present after adjusting for age (or other stroke risk factors: HR 1.0, CI: 0.7-1.6). These findings were similar in men and women. Stratifying on age, as shown in the table, in those &lt;65 at baseline, lower DHEAS was associated with increased stroke after adjustment for sex, race, and Framingham stroke risk factors (HR 3.1, CI: 1.3-7.6), but there was no association in those &gt;65 years (HR 0.8, CI: 0.5-1.4). Conclusion: There was no overall association of lower DHEAS and stroke risk in this bi-racial cohort of men and women from across the US, although a possible difference by age was observed. More research is needed to determine association of DHEAS with stroke risk.
Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Data from randomized trials are lacking on the benefits and risks of initiating antiretroviral therapy in patients with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who have a CD4+ count of more than 350 cells per cubic millimeter.We randomly assigned HIV-positive adults who had a CD4+ count of more than 500 cells per cubic millimeter to start antiretroviral therapy immediately (immediate-initiation group) or to defer it until the CD4+ count decreased to 350 cells per cubic millimeter or until the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or another condition that dictated the use of antiretroviral therapy (deferred-initiation group). The primary composite end point was any serious AIDS-related event, serious non-AIDS-related event, or death from any cause.A total of 4685 patients were followed for a mean of 3.0 years. At study entry, the median HIV viral load was 12,759 copies per milliliter, and the median CD4+ count was 651 cells per cubic millimeter. On May 15, 2015, on the basis of an interim analysis, the data and safety monitoring board determined that the study question had been answered and recommended that patients in the deferred-initiation group be offered antiretroviral therapy. The primary end point occurred in 42 patients in the immediate-initiation group (1.8%; 0.60 events per 100 person-years), as compared with 96 patients in the deferred-initiation group (4.1%; 1.38 events per 100 person-years), for a hazard ratio of 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30 to 0.62; P<0.001). Hazard ratios for serious AIDS-related and serious non-AIDS-related events were 0.28 (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.50; P<0.001) and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.97; P=0.04), respectively. More than two thirds of the primary end points (68%) occurred in patients with a CD4+ count of more than 500 cells per cubic millimeter. The risks of a grade 4 event were similar in the two groups, as were the risks of unscheduled hospital admissions.The initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive adults with a CD4+ count of more than 500 cells per cubic millimeter provided net benefits over starting such therapy in patients after the CD4+ count had declined to 350 cells per cubic millimeter. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; START ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00867048.).
Bill Introduced to Protect Veterans Affairs Whistle-blowers
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2016)

A bipartisan group of senators recently introduced the VA Patient Protection Act to force the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to address reports of abuse of patients and to punish VA managers who ignore, intimidate, and retaliate against whistle-blowers (http://1.usa.gov/1O1Gitv).
Impact of Insurance Status on the Day of Admission and Clinical Outcome on Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)Patients
Authors: Bilal Ahmad, Hossein Maymani, Haseeb Saeed, Mohamad Khawandanah, Samer A Srour, Michael G Machiorlatti, Adam S. Asch, Mohamad Cherry
Journal: Blood (2014)
Interactions of Pluronic nanocarriers with 2D and 3D cell cultures: Effects of PEO block length and aggregation state
Authors: Alexandra Arranja, Antonia G. Denkova, Karolina Morawska, Gilles Waton, Sandra van Vlierberghe, Peter Dubruel, François Schosseler, Eduardo Mendes
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Effect of household smoking exposure in childhood on lung cancer risk in Korea: A case-control study
Authors: J. S. Lee, C. S. Park, H. S. Kim, B. Hwangbo, J. M. Kim, E. K. Hong, Y. H. Yun, J. Y. Han, J. I. Zo, J. G. Park
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9598 Background: Smoking is the major cause of lung cancer and the duration rather than the amount of smoking has much greater impact on lung cancer risk. Thus, exposure to household smoking in childhood may be much more harmful than currently appreciated. We conducted this study to examine the impact of passive exposure to household smoking in childhood on the risk of lung cancer. Methods: Using a pre-tested interview questionnaire, we collected demographic and socioeconomic data and the information on smoking status, both personal and exposure to environmental smoking in childhood from 2499 patients (pts) who visited National Cancer Center (NCC) between 5/2002 and 7/2003. There were 699 lung cancer cases (M/F: 498/201), 854 non-cancer pts (M/F: 388/466) who visited NCC for other than cancer including those who had cancer prevention and screening evaluation (Control I) and 946 cancer pts (M/F: 344/602) other than lung cancer (Control II). Results: For male lung cancer cases, the proportion of lifetime non-smokers were only 7.2%, which was significantly (p<0.001) different from 15.0%, and 15.7% of the controls I and II. However, the corresponding figures for females were 86.1%, 86.0%, and 88.2%, respectively, which was not statistically significant. By univariate analysis, age, <12 years of education, low income, and rural residence in childhood were associated with higher risk of lung cancer. When the groups are stratified by age (<50 vs. 50+), paternal smoking was an important risk factor for the 50+ age group, both for females (OR=1.515, p=0.198; OR=1.781, p=0.043) and for males (OR=2.151, p=0.006; OR=1.711, p=0.044) as compared with controls I and II, respectively. There was also a trend toward increased risk with maternal smoking for young (< 50 yrs) smoking males (OR=3.861, p=0.013) as compared with control I. Spouse smoking was not associated with any increased risk in this analysis, even for the non-smoking females. Conclusions: While more in-depth analyses are needed, these results strongly suggest that environmental exposure to household smoking in childhood is an important risk factor for lung cancer development. (Supported by NCC Grant 0210040). Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
Whole-Body and Microenvironmental Localization of Radium-223 in Naïve and Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Diane S. Abou, David Ulmert, Michele Doucet, Robert F. Hobbs, Ryan C. Riddle, Daniel L. J. Thorek
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Bone-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (bmCRPC) represents a lethal stage of the most common noncutaneous cancer in men. The recent introduction of Radium-223 dichloride, a bone-seeking alpha particle (α)-emitting radiopharmaceutical, demonstrates statistically significant survival benefit and palliative effect for bmCRPC patients. Clinical results have established safety and efficacy, yet questions remain regarding pharmacodynamics and dosing for optimized patient benefit.We elucidated the biodistribution of (223)Ra as well as interaction with the bone and tumor compartments in skeletally mature mice (C57Bl/6 and CD-1, n = 3-6) and metastasis models (LNCaP and PC3, n = 4). Differences in uptake were evaluated by µCT and histological investigation. Novel techniques were leveraged on whole-mount undecalcified cryosections to determine microdistribution of Radium-223. All statistical tests were two-sided.(223)Ra uptake in the bones (>30% injected activity per gram) at 24 hours was also accompanied by non-negligible remnant activity in the kidney (2.33% ± 0.36%), intestines (5.73% ± 2.04%), and spleen (10.5% ± 5.9%) Skeletal accumulation across strains did not correspond with bone volume or surface area but instead to local blood vessel density (P = .04). Microdistribution analysis by autoradiography and α camera revealed targeting of the ossifying surfaces adjacent to the epiphyseal growth plate. In models of PCa metastasis, radioactivity does not localize directly within tumors but instead at the apposite bone surface. Osteoblastic and lytic lesions display similar intensity, which is comparable with uptake at sites of normal bone remodeling.Profiling the macro- and microdistribution of (223)Ra in healthy and diseased models has important implications to guide precision application of this emerging α-therapy approach for bmCRPC and other bone metastastic diseases.
Mortality in second generation Irish people living in England and Wales
Authors: J K Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1996)

more closely.A study of awareness ofthe "reduce the risk" campaign in a socially deprived area in south Wales in 1994 showed that a third of 250 mothers with children born before the introduction of the campaign said that they checked their babies more often than they had done previously.5For babies to endure increasingly long periods of solitude after birth is biologically unreason- able.In 1991 in Cardiff we included another fac- tor to lower the risk of the syndrome: we encouraged mothers to have their babies in their room at night for the first six to nine months and to keep the cot in which the babies slept by day close by.To focus only on posture, heating, and smoking and not to consider where a baby sleeps could detract from other factors in the care giving environment that might be protective.Any intervention programme aiming to reduce the incidence of the sudden infant death syndrome must also consider the broad range of care prac- tices that could reduce the risk.
Subclinical Atherosclerosis Is Inversely Associated With Gray Matter Volume in African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Barry I. Freedman, Jasmin Divers, Christopher T. Whitlow, Donald W. Bowden, Nicholette D. Palmer, S. Carrie Smith, Jianzhao Xu, Thomas C. Register, J. Jeffrey Carr, Benjamin C. Wagner, Jeff D. Williamson, Kaycee M. Sink, Joseph A. Maldjian
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Relative to European Americans, African Americans manifest lower levels of computed tomography–based calcified atherosclerotic plaque (CP), a measure of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Potential relationships between CP and cerebral structure are poorly defined in the African American population. We assessed associations among glycemic control, inflammation, and CP with cerebral structure on MRI and with cognitive performance in 268 high-risk African Americans with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Associations among hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), and CP in coronary arteries, carotid arteries, and the aorta with MRI volumetric analysis (white matter volume, gray matter volume [GMV], cerebrospinal fluid volume, and white matter lesion volume) were assessed using generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex, African ancestry proportion, smoking, BMI, use of statins, HbA1c, hypertension, and prior CVD. RESULTS Participants were 63.4% female with mean (SD) age of 59.8 years (9.2), diabetes duration of 14.5 years (7.6), HbA1c of 7.95% (1.9), estimated glomerular filtration rate of 86.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 (24.6), and coronary artery CP mass score of 215 mg (502). In fully adjusted models, GMV was inversely associated with coronary artery CP (parameter estimate [β] −0.47 [SE 0.15], P = 0.002; carotid artery CP (β −1.92 [SE 0.62], P = 0.002; and aorta CP [β −0.10 [SE 0.03] P = 0.002), whereas HbA1c and CRP did not associate with cerebral volumes. Coronary artery CP also associated with poorer global cognitive function on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical atherosclerosis was associated with smaller GMV and poorer cognitive performance in African Americans with diabetes. Cardioprotective strategies could preserve GMV and cognitive function in high-risk African Americans with diabetes.
Ki-ras mutations as a prognostic factor in extrahepatic bile system cancer. PANK-ras I Project Investigators.
Authors: N Malats, M Porta, J L Piñol, J M Corominas, J Rifà, F X Real
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence and prognostic significance of Ki-ras codon 12 mutations in extrahepatic biliary system cancer (EBSC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with EBSC between 1980 and 1990 (N = 111) were selected from two hospitals. DNA was amplified from paraffin-embedded tissues and mutations in codon 12 of Ki-ras were detected using the artificial restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. RESULTS Tissue was available from 68.5% of patients. The prevalence of mutations was 41%. There was no association between mutations and clinical and pathologic characteristics; however, mutations in Ki-ras were associated with survival, with a median survival duration of 7.7 months for patients with wild-type Ki-ras and 1.7 months for patients with mutated tumors (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.67; P = .075). Among patients with stage I to II tumors, the chance of dying of patients with the mutation was 7.8 times higher than that of patients without the mutation (P = .087); the corresponding HR for patients with stage III to IV disease was 2.9 (P = .003). After adjusting for age, tumor site, histology, differentiation, and stage, the HR for Ki-ras mutations was 2.12 (P = .026). CONCLUSION Ki-ras codon 12 mutations are an independent prognostic indicator in patients with EBSC. Mutation detection may be of help in the management of these patients.
A randomized trial in inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer: vindesine and cisplatin versus mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin versus etoposide and cisplatin alternating with vindesine and mitomycin.
Authors: M Fukuoka, N Masuda, K Furuse, S Negoro, M Takada, K Matsui, N Takifuji, S Kudoh, M Kawahara, M Ogawara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomly assigned to receive one of three dosage regimens: (1) vindesine and cisplatin (VP); (2) mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin (MVP); or (3) etoposide and cisplatin alternating with vindesine and mitomycin (EP/VM). In 199 assessable patients, the response rates were VP, 33%; MVP, 43%; and EP/VM, 19%. The addition of mitomycin to the VP regimen did not significantly improve the response rate. The response rate was significantly lower with the EP/VM regimen than with the MVP regimen (P less than .01). The median survival times were VP, 50 weeks; MVP, 42 weeks; and EP/VM, 40 weeks. These differences were not significant. Grade III or IV thrombocytopenia was significantly greater (P less than .01) in MVP patients (22%) than in the VP (5%). Other toxicities were similar in the three groups. Analyses of prognostic factors showed that treatment with MVP, sex, and histologic classification (squamous cell carcinoma) were predictive of improved response. Important factors for improved survival, according to the Cox regression analysis, were the stage of disease, performance status, sex, weight loss before diagnosis, and hemoglobin concentration.
Nurse who drove debate on euthanasia in India dies after 42 years in vegetative state
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The nurse who became the face of India’s euthanasia debate has died at the age of 67 from pneumonia.

Aruna Shanbaug died at the King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, where she had worked as a nurse until 1973 when a violent sexual assault caused extensive neurological damage and left her in a vegetative state for the next 42 years.

In 2011 the Supreme Court of India dismissed a plea for the mercy killing of Shanbaug. However, the court said that “some cases of euthanasia could be sanctioned if doctors were to file a case in court.” …
Psychological effects of breast conservation versus mastectomy.
Authors: G J Margolis, R L Goodman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.9.1365 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 2769331 Psychological effects of breast conservation versus mastectomy. G J MargolisxG J MargolisSearch for articles by this author , R L GoodmanxR L GoodmanSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1989.7.9.1365 PDF "Psychological effects of breast conservation versus mastectomy.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 7(9), pp. 1365–1366© 1989 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Part 6: Pediatric Basic Life Support and Pediatric Advanced Life Support
Authors: Allan R. de Caen, Ian K. Maconochie, Richard Aickin, Dianne L. Atkins, Dominique Biarent, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Monica E. Kleinman, David A. Kloeck, Peter A. Meaney, Vinay M. Nadkarni, Kee-Chong Ng, Gabrielle Nuthall, Amelia G. Reis, Naoki Shimizu, James Tibballs, Remigio Veliz Pintos, Andrew C. Argent, Marc D. Berg, Robert M. Bingham, Jos Bruinenberg, Leon Chameides, Mark G. Coulthard, Thomaz B. Couto, Stuart R. Dalziel, Jonathan P. Duff, Jonathan R. Egan, Christoph Eich, Ong Yong-Kwang Gene, Ericka L. Fink, Stuart H. Friess, Susan Fuchs, Robert Hickey, Elizabeth A. Hunt, Takanari Ikeyama, Niranjan Kissoon, Graeme MacLaren, Bradley Marino, Mary E. McBride, Melissa J. Parker, Tia T. Raymond, Corsino Rey, Antonio Rodriguez-Nunez, Fernanda V.M. de Sá, Stephen M. Schexnayder, Audrey R. Ogawa Shibata, Sunit C. Singhi, Ravi R. Thiagarajan, Janice A. Tijssen, Alexis Topjian, Javier Urbano, Wilson M. Were
Journal: Circulation (2015)

PEWS (Peds 818
Abstract 15809: Right Ventricular Systolic Strain by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography Predicts Mortality Among 575 Subjects Evaluated for Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Nowell M Fine, Libo Chen, Robert P Frantz, Patricia A Pellikka, Garvan C Kane
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: While it is recognized that the degree of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a major determinant of outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), the best non-invasive measur...
Clinical and dynamic imaging results of the first phase I study of AG–013736, an oral anti-angiogenesis agent, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors
Authors: H. S. Rugo, R. S. Herbst, G. Liu, J. W. Park, M. S. Kies, Y. K. Pithavala, T. M. McShane, H. M. Steinfeldt, S. D. Reich, G. Wilding
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2503 Background: AG-013736 is a potent and selective inhibitor of VEGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinases with broad preclinical activity in xenograft models of solid tumors. Methods: The primary objective was to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and safety. Efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), and tumor vascular response were also evaluated. AG–013736 was administered orally once or twice daily in 28-day cycles in escalating doses to pts with solid tumors. Results: 36 pts in 6 cohorts were treated. At least 2 cycles of data are available on the first 30. Tumor diagnoses: breast (11), thyroid (5), renal cell (5), lung (4), and other (5). The MTD was 5 mg twice daily (BID) fasted (no food or beverage within 2 hours of dose). Toxicity: Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) at doses >MTD (16 pts) were hypertension (HTN) (6 pts); seizures associated with HTN (2); elevated liver function tests (2); mesenteric vein thrombosis and pancreatitis (1); and stomatitis (2). One pt with a cavitating lung lesion died of hemoptysis while on drug. At doses ≤MTD (14 pts), DLT was limited to grade 2 stomatitis in 1 pt; non-dose limiting HTN, managed by conventional antihypertensive meds, was observed in 6 pts. Response: Two durable partial responses (10+, 5 mo) by RECIST criteria were observed (in renal cell and adenoid cystic carcinomas); 7 pts had stable disease lasting ≥4 mo. PK: AG-013736 plasma concentrations were variable (39%–96% CV), linear within the dose range, with peaks at 2–4 h, and terminal half-life of 3–5 h. Plasma exposures were higher (∼ 49%) and intra-pt variability was reduced in the fasted vs fed state. Vascular response: Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI was performed at baseline, and after 2, 28, and 56 days of therapy. The % change in mean Ktrans and initial area under the contrast intensity X time curve (IAUC) was computed. 6 of 18 pts with evaluable serial scans had a tumor vascular response, defined as ≥50% decrease from baseline parameter values to day 2; correlation with PK and response will be reported. Conclusions: There is sufficient safety and activity of AG–013736 to warrant Phase II trials at a recommended dose of 5 mg BID fasted. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pfizer, Inc. Pfizer, Inc. Pfizer, Inc. Pfizer