tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changing pattern in the prescription of biological treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. A 7-year follow-up of 1839 patients in southern Sweden
Authors: M K Soderlin, P Geborek
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

To study prescription patterns of biological treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in southern Sweden, a region with no formal or economic restrictions for the use of biological treatment in rheumatological diseases. Specifically, we studied conformity with the national Swedish guidelines for biologics in RA.Rheumatologists in southern Sweden contribute to a voluntary register on the use of biologics in treating arthritis patients (the South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group (SSATG)). This register covers .90% of all the prescriptions of biologics for arthritis patients in the region. The treatment of 1839 patients (2704 treatment occasions) was recorded in the SSATG register during 1999-2006. Baseline characteristics were analysed.Baseline Health Assessment Questionnaire(HAQ) scores and Disease Activity Scores (DASs)decreased significantly between 1999 and 2006, but disease activity remained high in RA patients. RA patients were treated with biologics earlier, but only 16% of the patients received biologics within 2 years of disease onset in 2006. The percentage of RA patients who were prescribed biologics after only one previous non-biological DMARD (disease-modifying anti-inflammatory rheumatic drug) was 27% in 2006. Thirty-five per cent of all RA patients changed from one biological treatment to another.Baseline DASs in RA patients remained high at the start of biological treatment. The national Swedish guidelines for the prescription of biologics in RA were followed. More patients with early RA were treated with biologics. The proportion of RA patients changing from one biological drug to another increased.
IDH Mutation and Neuroglial Developmental Features Define Clinically Distinct Subclasses of Lower Grade Diffuse Astrocytic Glioma
Authors: Daniel Gorovets, Kasthuri Kannan, Ronglai Shen, Edward R. Kastenhuber, Nasrin Islamdoust, Carl Campos, Elena Pentsova, Adriana Heguy, Suresh C. Jhanwar, Ingo K. Mellinghoff, Timothy A. Chan, Jason T. Huse
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Diffuse gliomas represent the most prevalent class of primary brain tumor. Despite significant recent advances in the understanding of glioblastoma [World Health Organization (WHO) IV], its most malignant subtype, lower grade (WHO II and III) glioma variants remain comparatively understudied, especially in light of their notable clinical heterogeneity. Accordingly, we sought to identify and characterize clinically relevant molecular subclasses of lower grade diffuse astrocytic gliomas.We conducted multidimensional molecular profiling, including global transcriptional analysis, on 101 lower grade diffuse astrocytic gliomas collected at our own institution and validated our findings using publically available gene expression and copy number data from large independent patient cohorts.We found that IDH mutational status delineated molecularly and clinically distinct glioma subsets, with IDH mutant (IDH mt) tumors exhibiting TP53 mutations, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)A overexpression, and prolonged survival, and IDH wild-type (IDH wt) tumors exhibiting EGFR amplification, PTEN loss, and unfavorable disease outcome. Furthermore, global expression profiling revealed three robust molecular subclasses within lower grade diffuse astrocytic gliomas, two of which were predominantly IDH mt and one almost entirely IDH wt. IDH mt subclasses were distinguished from each other on the basis of TP53 mutations, DNA copy number abnormalities, and links to distinct stages of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone. This latter finding implicates discrete pools of neuroglial progenitors as cells of origin for the different subclasses of IDH mt tumors.We have elucidated molecularly distinct subclasses of lower grade diffuse astrocytic glioma that dictate clinical behavior and show fundamental associations with both IDH mutational status and neuroglial developmental stage.
Myelination and Oligodendrocyte Functions in Psychiatric Diseases
Authors: Klaus-Armin Nave, Hannelore Ehrenreich
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with glucocorticoids: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S L Gorter, Johannes W Bijlsma, M Cutolo, J Gomez-Reino, M Kouloumas, J S Smolen, R Landewé
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) rapidly reduce disease activity in early and advanced rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This systematic review on behalf of the task force on recommendations for the management of RA addresses the efficacy of GCs in RA. A literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane database, and the ACR/EULAR abstracts 2007 and 2008 on a set of questions relating to the use of GCs in RA. Eleven publications (including three Cochrane reviews comprising 33 trials) that met the criteria for detailed assessment were found. Robust evidence that GCs are effective as bridging therapy was obtained. The addition of GCs, to either standard synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) monotherapy or combinations of synthetic DMARDs, yields clinical benefits and inhibition of radiographic progression that may extend over many years. In early RA, the addition of low-dose GCs (&lt;7.5 mg/day) to DMARDs leads to a reduction in radiographic progression; in longstanding RA, GCs (up to 15 mg/day) improve disease activity. There is some evidence that appropriate timing of GC administration may result in less morning stiffness. Only indirect information was found on the best tapering strategy, supporting the general view that GCs should be tapered slowly in order to avoid clinical relapses. GCs are effective in relieving signs and symptoms and inhibiting radiographic progression, either as monotherapy or in combination with synthetic DMARD monotherapy or combination therapy.
Overall Response Rate, Progression-Free Survival, and Overall Survival With Targeted and Standard Therapies in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: US Food and Drug Administration Trial-Level and Patient-Level Analyses
Authors: Gideon M. Blumenthal, Stella W. Karuri, Hui Zhang, Lijun Zhang, Sean Khozin, Dickran Kazandjian, Shenghui Tang, Rajeshwari Sridhara, Patricia Keegan, Richard Pazdur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose To conduct analyses exploring trial-level and patient-level associations between overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) trials. Methods We identified 14 trials (N = 12,567) submitted to US Food and Drug Administration since 2003 of treatments for advanced NSCLC. Only randomized, active-controlled trials with more than 150 patients were included. Associations between trial-level PFS hazard ratio (HR), OS HR, and ORR odds ratio were analyzed using a weighted linear regression model. Patient-level responder analyses comparing PFS and OS between patients with and without an objective response were performed using pooled data from all studies. Results In the trial-level analysis, the association between PFS and ORR was strong (R 2 = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.98). There was no association between OS and ORR (R 2 = 0.09; 95% CI, 0 to 0.33) and OS and PFS (R 2 = 0.08; 95% CI, 0 to 0.31). In the patient-level responder analyses, patients who achieved a response had better PFS and OS compared with nonresponders (PFS: HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.42; OS: HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.43). Conclusion On a trial level, there is a strong association between ORR and PFS. An association between ORR and OS and between PFS and OS was not established, possibly because of cross-over and longer survival after progression in the targeted therapy and first-line trials. The patient-level analysis showed that responders have a better PFS and OS compared with nonresponders. A therapy in advanced NSCLC with a large magnitude of effect on ORR may have a large PFS effect.
Oxidized CaMKII causes cardiac sinus node dysfunction in mice
Authors: Paari Dominic Swaminathan, Anil Purohit, Siddarth Soni, Niels Voigt, Madhu V. Singh, Alexey V. Glukhov, Zhan Gao, B. Julie He, Elizabeth D. Luczak, Mei-ling A. Joiner, William Kutschke, Jinying Yang, J. Kevin Donahue, Robert M. Weiss, Isabella M. Grumbach, Masahiro Ogawa, Peng-Sheng Chen, Igor Efimov, Dobromir Dobrev, Peter J. Mohler, Thomas J. Hund, Mark E. Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) is a major public health problem that is associated with sudden cardiac death and requires surgical implantation of artificial pacemakers. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause SND. Most SND occurs in the setting of heart failure and hypertension, conditions that are marked by elevated circulating angiotensin II (Ang II) and increased oxidant stress. Here, we show that oxidized calmodulin kinase II (ox-CaMKII) is a biomarker for SND in patients and dogs and a disease determinant in mice. In wild-type mice, Ang II infusion caused sinoatrial nodal (SAN) cell oxidation by activating NADPH oxidase, leading to increased ox-CaMKII, SAN cell apoptosis, and SND. p47–/– mice lacking functional NADPH oxidase and mice with myocardial or SAN-targeted CaMKII inhibition were highly resistant to SAN apoptosis and SND, suggesting that ox-CaMKII–triggered SAN cell death contributed to SND. We developed a computational model of the sinoatrial node that showed that a loss of SAN cells below a critical threshold caused SND by preventing normal impulse formation and propagation. These data provide novel molecular and mechanistic information to understand SND and suggest that targeted CaMKII inhibition may be useful for preventing SND in high-risk patients.
Effect of zinc on hyperammonemia in sickle cell anemia subjects
Authors: Ananda S. Prasad, Parviz Rabbani, James A. Warth
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

An increase in plasma ammonia level in human volunteers on restricted zinc intake, and in zinc-deficient rats, has recently been reported. Inasmuch as zinc deficiency has been observed in sickle cell anemia patients, we measured plasma ammonia levels in such subjects. In this report we document hyperammonemia in sickle cell anemia patients that was corrected with zinc therapy.
Normal and Impaired Retinal Vascular Reactivity
Authors: H. O. SIEKER, J. B. HICKAM
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Normal retinal arteries and veins will constrict when the arterial blood oxygen tension is increased and dilate when it is lowered. A technic, employing fundus photography, is described for measuring this reaction. The amount of constriction on breathing oxygen, and its trend with age, have been measured in normal subjects. The arteries of persons with well-established hypertension and diabetes usually show marked impairment of this constrictor reaction, presumably because of sclerotic changes. It is suggested that measurements of this reaction may prove to be a useful, quantitative extension of present retinal vascular grading technics.
Incidence of animal bites in Leeds.
Authors: E Hervey
Journal: BMJ (1977)

rate and thus afford equally as good results as for photon therapy in HPO or irradiation with fast neutrons.Such a trial might conflict with the individual preferences of radiotherapists but not with ethical considerations.Also it should be undertaken before less advanced, more curable cancers are submitted to trial by radiotherapeutic management by the techniques of HPO-photon or neutron therapy, whose advantages necessarily remain sub judice for lack of decisive information about optimal fractionation of dose "in air."
Predictors of failure of noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Authors: Catarina Ferreira, Catarina Dias, Mariana Mendes, Joaquim Moita
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) appears to be benefit in the immediate treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) as an adjunct to pharmacological therapy.  Aims: Evaluate efficacy and identify predictors of failure of NIV, defined as need of intubation or death during hospitalization, in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.  Methods: Observational study. Analyzed clinical and arterial blood gas data of 105 episodes of NIV with Philips Respironics® V60.  Results: Included 100 patients, 51% male, mean age 76.2Y (±10.2). Co-morbid conditions present in 53% of success and in 68% of failure group. In most patients NIMV was started simultaneously with standard pharmacological therapy. NIV success in 75.2% (group 1) and failure in 24.8% (group 2). Mean pretreatment pH in success group 7,283 (minimum pH 7,01) vs 7,248 in failure group (p>0,05). Initial PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly lower in failure group (229,2±68,6 vs 189,6±64,8, p  Conclusions: Inicial PaO2/FiO2 and inadequate response in pH after two hours of NIV are factors associated with NIV failure. NIV has been applied successfully in ACPE with critical values of pH and hypercapnia.
Normalization of Brain Death—Induced Injury to Rat Renal Allografts by Recombinant Soluble P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand
Authors: Martin Gasser, Ana Maria Waaga, Joana E Kist-Van Holthe, Susanne M Lenhard, Igor Laskowski, Gray D Shaw, Wayne W Hancock, Nicholas L Tilney
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

Donor brain death has been considered a significant risk factor for both early and late organ allograft dysfunction. This central injury not only evokes an upsurge of catecholamines with resultant peripheral tissue vasoconstriction and ischemia but also promotes release of hormones and inflammatory mediators that may also affect the organs directly. One of the resultant influences of these events is the rapid upregulation of the acute-phase adhesion molecules, the selectins. These initiate leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and trigger subsequent cellular and molecular changes in the compromised tissues. An established F344 → LEW rat model of chronic rejection was used to examine ( 1 ) whether the initial inflammatory events that develop within kidney allografts from brain-dead donors could be normalized using a recombinant soluble form of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand and ( 2 ) whether amelioration of these early changes would alter the inexorable progression of chronic allograft rejection. Untreated living donor controls experienced unrelenting chronic rejection over time. This complex process was accelerated in brain-dead donor kidneys. Treatment with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand prevented the early inflammatory changes in the transplanted organs and their subsequent (200 d) functional and morphologic manifestations, particularly when the soluble ligand was administered both to the donor before organ removal and to the recipient after engraftment. This strategy of using a naturally occurring selectin ligand to prevent donor-associated chronic graft dysfunction may be of special clinical interest in cadaver donor transplantation.
Mammographic Density Reduction Is a Prognostic Marker of Response to Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy in Postmenopausal Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Jingmei Li, Keith Humphreys, Louise Eriksson, Gustaf Edgren, Kamila Czene, Per Hall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose Tamoxifen treatment is associated with a reduction in mammographic density and an improved survival. However, the extent to which change in mammographic density during adjuvant tamoxifen therapy can be used to measure response to treatment is unknown. Patients and Methods Overall, 974 postmenopausal patients with breast cancer who had both a baseline and a follow-up mammogram were eligible for analysis. On the basis of treatment information abstracted from medical records, 474 patients received tamoxifen treatment and 500 did not. Mammographic density was measured by using an automated thresholding method and expressed as absolute dense area. Change in mammographic density was calculated as percentage change from baseline. Survival analysis was performed by using delayed-entry Cox proportional hazards regression models, with death as a result of breast cancer as the end point. Analyses were adjusted for a range of patient and tumor characteristics. Results During a 15-year follow-up, 121 patients (12.4%) died from breast cancer. Women treated with tamoxifen who experienced a relative density reduction of more than 20% between baseline and first follow-up mammogram had a reduced risk of death as a result of breast cancer of 50% (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.93) compared with women with stable mammographic density. In the no-tamoxifen group, there was no statistically significant association between mammographic density change and survival. The survival advantage was not observed when absolute dense areas at baseline or follow-up were evaluated separately. Conclusion A decrease in mammographic density after breast cancer diagnosis appears to serve as a prognostic marker for improved long-term survival in patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen, and these data should be externally validated.
A unique, low dose of intravenous enoxaparin in elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: R.émi Choussat, Gilles Montalescot, Jean Philippe Collet, Eric Vicaut, Annick Ankri, Vanessa Gallois, G.érard Drobinski, Ivan Sotirov, Daniel Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Oral Fingolimod or Intramuscular Interferon for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Jeffrey A. Cohen, Frederik Barkhof, Giancarlo Comi, Hans-Peter Hartung, Bhupendra O. Khatri, Xavier Montalban, Jean Pelletier, Ruggero Capra, Paolo Gallo, Guillermo Izquierdo, Klaus Tiel-Wilck, Ana de Vera, James Jin, Tracy Stites, Stacy Wu, Shreeram Aradhye, Ludwig Kappos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate–receptor modulator that prevents lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes, showed clinical efficacy and improvement on imaging in a phase 2 study involving patients with multiple sclerosis.
Effect of a Postdischarge Virtual Ward on Readmission or Death for High-Risk Patients
Authors: Irfan A. Dhalla, Tara O’Brien, Dante Morra, Kevin E. Thorpe, Brian M. Wong, Rajin Mehta, David W. Frost, Howard Abrams, Françoise Ko, Patrick Van Rooyen, Chaim M. Bell, Andrea Gruneir, Geraint H. Lewis, Stacey Daub, Geoff M. Anderson, Gillian A. Hawker, Paula A. Rochon, Andreas Laupacis
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Hospital readmissions are common and costly, and no single intervention or bundle of interventions has reliably reduced readmissions. Virtual wards, which use elements of hospital care in the community, have the potential to reduce readmissions, but have not yet been rigorously evaluated.To determine whether a virtual ward-a model of care that uses some of the systems of a hospital ward to provide interprofessional care for community-dwelling patients-can reduce the risk of readmission in patients at high risk of readmission or death when being discharged from hospital.High-risk adult hospital discharge patients in Toronto were randomly assigned to either the virtual ward or usual care. A total of 1923 patients were randomized during the course of the study: 960 to the usual care group and 963 to the virtual ward group. The first patient was enrolled on June 29, 2010, and follow-up was completed on June 2, 2014.Patients assigned to the virtual ward received care coordination plus direct care provision (via a combination of telephone, home visits, or clinic visits) from an interprofessional team for several weeks after hospital discharge. The interprofessional team met daily at a central site to design and implement individualized management plans. Patients assigned to usual care typically received a typed, structured discharge summary, prescription for new medications if indicated, counseling from the resident physician, arrangements for home care as needed, and recommendations, appointments, or both for follow-up care with physicians as indicated.The primary outcome was a composite of hospital readmission or death within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes included nursing home admission and emergency department visits, each of the components of the primary outcome at 30 days, as well as each of the outcomes (including the composite primary outcome) at 90 days, 6 months, and 1 year.There were no statistically significant between-group differences in the primary or secondary outcomes at 30 or 90 days, 6 months, or 1 year. The primary outcome occurred in 203 of 959 (21.2%) of the virtual ward patients and 235 of 956 (24.6%) of the usual care patients (absolute difference, 3.4%; 95% CI, -0.3% to 7.2%; P = .09). There were no statistically significant interactions to indicate that the virtual ward model of care was more or less effective in any of the prespecified subgroups.In a diverse group of high-risk patients being discharged from the hospital, we found no statistically significant effect of a virtual ward model of care on readmissions or death at either 30 days or 90 days, 6 months, or 1 year after hospital discharge.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01108172.
Pathology of Demyelinating Diseases
Authors: Bogdan F.Gh. Popescu, Claudia F. Lucchinetti
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2011)

There has been significant progress in our understanding of the pathology and pathogenesis of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Neuropathological studies have provided fundamental new insights into the pathogenesis of these disorders and have led to major advances in our understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) heterogeneity, the substrate of irreversible progressive disability in MS, the relationship between inflammation and neurodegeneration in MS, the neuroimaging correlates of MS lesions, and the pathogenesis of other central nervous system inflammatory disorders, including neuromyelitis optica, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and Balo's concentric sclerosis. Herein, we review the pathological features of these central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disorders and discuss neuropathological studies that have yielded novel insights into potential mechanisms involved in the formation of the demyelinated lesion.
Twins with severe recurrent chest infections
Authors: F Minen, E Barbi, A Ventura, P Carrera, F Zennaro, P Chiodera
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Two homozygotic twins were delivered at 31 weeks of gestational age by caesarean section, with birth weight 1490 and 1710 g, respectively. The family history was unremarkable. Their mother received steroid prophylaxis for hyaline membrane disease. They showed no perinatal problems. By the age of 8 months both had recurrent spells of respiratory distress, possibly triggered by viral infections, characterised by cough, fever, wheezing, …