tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Child Development and Exposure to Antiepileptic Drugs Prenatally and Through Breastfeeding
Authors: Gyri Veiby, Bernt A. Engelsen, Nils Erik Gilhus
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Exposure to antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on psychomotor development. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine whether signs of impaired development appear already during the first months of life in children exposed prenatally to antiepileptic drugs, and to explore potential adverse effects of antiepileptic drug exposure through breastfeeding. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Mothers at 13 to 17 weeks of pregnancy were recruited in the population-based, prospective Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study from 1999 to 2009. The mothers reported on their child’s motor and social skills, language, and behavior using items from standardized screening tools at 6 months (n = 78 744), 18 months (n = 61 351), and 36 months (n = 44 147) of age. The mothers also provided detailed information on breastfeeding during the first year. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The risk of adverse development in children according to maternal or paternal epilepsy was estimated as the odds ratio with corresponding 95% confidence interval, adjusted for maternal age, parity, education, smoking, breastfeeding, depression/anxiety, folate supplementation, and congenital malformation in the child. <h3>Results</h3> At age 6 months, infants of mothers using antiepileptic drugs (n = 223) had a higher risk of impaired fine motor skills compared with the reference group (11.5% vs 4.8%, respectively; odds ratio = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.2). Use of multiple antiepileptic drugs compared with the reference group was associated with adverse outcome for both fine motor skills (25.0% vs 4.8%, respectively; odds ratio = 4.3; 95% CI, 2.0-9.1) and social skills (22.5% vs 10.2%, respectively; odds ratio = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.5). Continuous breastfeeding in children of women using antiepileptic drugs was associated with less impaired development at ages 6 and 18 months compared with those with no breastfeeding or breastfeeding for less than 6 months. At 36 months, prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure was associated with adverse development regardless of breastfeeding status during the first year. Children of women with epilepsy who did not use antiepileptic drugs and children of fathers with epilepsy had normal development at 6 months. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs was associated with impaired fine motor skills already at age 6 months, especially when the child was exposed to multiple drugs. There were no harmful effects of breastfeeding. Women with epilepsy should be encouraged to breastfeed their children irrespective of antiepileptic drug treatment.
Effect of Repetitive Administration of Doxorubicin-Containing Liposomes on Plasma Pharmacokinetics and Drug Biodistribution in a Rat Brain Tumor Model
Authors: Robert D. Arnold, Donald E. Mager, Jeanine E. Slack, Robert M. Straubinger
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: The incorporation of doxorubicin in long-circulating sterically stabilized liposomes (SSL-DXR) alters the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of doxorubicin and therefore has the potential to alter the pharmacologic properties of doxorubicin. Previously, we showed that repetitive administration of SSL-DXR alters tumor vascular permeability. Experimental Design: Here, we investigated the effect of weekly i.v. injections of SSL-DXR on plasma pharmacokinetics and drug biodistribution in the orthotopic 9L rat brain tumor model. Results and Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of free doxorubicin (5.67 mg/kg) did not change with repeat dosing. In contrast, drug concentrations in plasma and brain tumor increased and deposition in liver and spleen decreased after administration of the second of two weekly doses of SSL-DXR. Noncompartmental analysis and descriptive pharmacokinetic models were created to test hypotheses relating to the mechanisms responsible for alterations in SSL-DXR deposition. The analysis suggested that weekly administration of SSL-DXR significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) decreased the plasma elimination rate of SSL-DXR (34%) and decreased drug deposition in liver (2-fold) and spleen (3.5-fold). The pharmacokinetic model that best captured the observed 2.5-fold increase in tumor uptake of SSL-DXR mediated by repeat dosing was one that hypothesized that the rates of drug influx/efflux into tumor were increased by the first dose of SSL-DXR. Models that accounted only for residual drug deposited in the tissue or blood by the first weekly injection provided inferior fits to the data. Thus, the effects of repetitive dosing on SSL-DXR deposition in tumor are consistent with a treatment-mediated alteration of tumor vascular permeability.
Involvement of the omentum in Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: E J A Kroot
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

A 70 year old male patient was admitted to the outpatient clinic because of chronic fatigue, weight loss, generalised joint aching, arthritis of the ankles, and renal insufficiency. His medical history was unremarkable. At physical examination, increased central venous pressure, subfebrile temperature of 38.4°C, tender and swollen ankles, and painful flexion and extension were observed. Laboratory investigation showed an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 70 mm/1st h, haemoglobin 5.1 mmol/l, leucocytes 18.6×109/l, eosinophils 670×106/l, serum creatinine 369 μmol/l, urea 18.0 mmol/l, and urine sediment with 20–50 erythrocytes, 0–5 leucocytes, and several casts of the urinary tract epithelial lining. Positive tests for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with a cytoplasmic pattern (c-ANCA) and antigenic specificity for …
821 EXTRACELLULAR MIRNA-122 IS ELEVATED IN SERA OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LIVER FAILURE
Authors: A. Canbay, J.M. Schlattjan, A. Noetel, N. Elfimova, M. Kwiecinski, J. Sowa, G. Gerken, H.P. Dienes, M. Odenthal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Multifaceted Determinants for Achieving Glycemic Control
Authors: Juliana C.N. Chan, Juan Jose Gagliardino, Sei Hyun Baik, Jean-Marc Chantelot, Sandra R.G. Ferreira, Nicolae Hancu, Hasan Ilkova, Ambady Ramachandran, Pablo Aschner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The International Diabetes Mellitus Practice Study is a 5-year survey documenting changes in diabetes treatment practice in developing regions.
Triple-Antiretroviral Prophylaxis to Prevent Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission through Breastfeeding—The Kisumu Breastfeeding Study, Kenya: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Timothy K. Thomas, Rose Masaba, Craig B. Borkowf, Richard Ndivo, Clement Zeh, Ambrose Misore, Juliana Otieno, Denise Jamieson, Michael C. Thigpen, Marc Bulterys, Laurence Slutsker, Kevin M. De Cock, Pauli N. Amornkul, Alan E. Greenberg, Mary Glenn Fowler
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Timothy Thomas and colleagues report the results of the Kisumu breastfeeding study (Kenya), a single-arm trial that assessed the feasibility and safety of a triple-antiretroviral regimen to suppress maternal HIV load in late pregnancy.
βCaMKII controls the direction of plasticity at parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapses
Authors: Geeske M van Woerden, Freek E Hoebeek, Zhenyu Gao, Raghavendra Y Nagaraja, Casper C Hoogenraad, Steven A Kushner, Christian Hansel, Chris I De Zeeuw, Ype Elgersma
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
Limitations of Bone Scanning In Clinical Oncology
Authors: R. Kenneth Loeffler
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Radioisotope bone scanning is frequently used as the major, and sometimes the only, diagnostic test for neoplasia in bone. While the evidence is convincing that bone scans are frequently more sensitive than roentgenographic bone surveys for detection of metastatic bone disease, there are false-negative results for a variety of reasons, and positive findings must be interpreted with caution. Scans also appear more limited than roentgenograms in their usefulness for evaluating changes in abnormal bone structure. Case histories and discussion are offered to indicate that usually both radioisotope bone scans and roentgenographic bone surveys should be obtained for initial screening and subsequent assessment of bone metastases.
Musculoskeletal injection skills
Authors: Z Foster, T L Schwenk
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Monica Kesson, Elaine Atkins, Ian Davies. London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003, £24.99, pp 194, softcover. ISBN 0750643722

Musculoskeletal injection skills was written primarily by British physiotherapists for a graduate educational programme or physiotherapists who perform soft tissue therapeutic injections. The secondary audience for this book, according to the authors, is general practitioners. As is true for all books, this one has difficulty being all …
Diurnal variation in serum cortisol concentrations in asthmatic subjects after allergen inhalation.
Authors: S R Durham, J Keenan, W O Cookson, C F Craddock, M K Benson
Journal: Thorax (1989)

To assess whether differences in the adrenal response to allergen are important in determining the magnitude of the allergen induced late responses in asthmatic subjects, we measured serum cortisol concentrations after inhalation challenge with allergen or control solution (phosphate buffered saline). The two challenges were performed in random order with an interval of 14 days. A normal diurnal decrease in serum cortisol concentrations was observed on both days. Mean blood cortisol concentrations three hours after inhalation of allergen (before the late response), nine hours afterwards (at the time of the late response), and 24 hours afterwards were virtually identical to those observed after inhalation of phosphate buffered saline. Serum cortisol concentrations before challenge and three, nine, and 24 hours after challenge were not related to the diurnal increase in blood eosinophils on the control day, or to the size of the late asthmatic response or accompanying changes in blood eosinophils after allergen challenge. It is concluded that serum cortisol concentrations show normal diurnal variation after allergen challenge and are unrelated to the size of the late response or associated changes in blood eosinophil counts.
QT interval dispersion in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients without hypertension
Authors: D. Dursunoglu, N. Dursunoğlu, H. Evrengül, S. Özkurt, M. Kılıç, F. Fisekci, Ö. Kuru, Ö. Delen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

QT interval dispersion (QT d ) reflects inhomogeneity of repolarisation. Delayed cardiac repolarisation leading to the prolongation of the QT interval is a well-characterised precursor of arrhythmias. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) can cause cardiovascular complications, such as arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and systemic and pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to assess QT d in OSAS patients without hypertension. A total of 49 subjects without hypertension, diabetes mellitus, any cardiac or pulmonary diseases, or any hormonal, hepatic, renal or electrolyte disorders were referred for evaluation of OSAS. An overnight polysomnography and a standard 12-lead ECG were performed in each subject. According to the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI), subjects were divided into control subjects (AHI &lt;5, n = 20) and moderate–severe OSAS patients (AHI ≥15, n = 29). QT d (defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum QT interval) and QT-corrected interval dispersion (QT cd ) were calculated using Bazzet's formula. In conclusion, the QT cd was significantly higher in OSAS patients (56.1±9.3 ms) than in controls (36.3±4.5 ms). A strong positive correlation was shown between QT cd and AHI. In addition, a significantly positive correlation was shown between QT cd and the desaturation index (DI). The AHI and DI were significantly related to QT cd as an independent variable using stepwise regression analysis. The QT-corrected interval dispersion is increased in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients without hypertension, and it may reflect obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome severity.
Complete Isolation of Left Atrium Surrounding the Pulmonary Veins
Authors: Feifan Ouyang, Dietmar Bänsch, Sabine Ernst, Anselm Schaumann, Hitoshi Hachiya, Minglong Chen, Julian Chun, Peter Falk, Afsaneh Khanedani, Matthias Antz, Karl-Heinz Kuck
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) can be eliminated with continuous circular lesions (CCLs) around the pulmonary veins (PVs), but it is unclear whether all PVs are completely isolated.Forty-one patients with symptomatic PAF underwent 3D mapping, and all PV ostia were marked on the 3D map based on venography. Irrigated radiofrequency energy was applied at a distance from the PV ostia guided by 2 Lasso catheters placed within the ipsilateral superior and inferior PVs. The mean radiofrequency duration was 1550+/-511 seconds for left-sided PVs and 1512+/-506 seconds for right-sided PVs. After isolation, automatic activity was observed in the right-sided PVs in 87.8% and in the left-sided PVs in 80.5%. During the procedure, a spontaneous or induced PV tachycardia (PVT) with a cycle length of 189+/-29 ms was observed in 19 patients. During a mean follow-up of 6 months, atrial tachyarrhythmias recurred in 10 patients. Nine patients underwent a repeat procedure. Conduction gaps in the left CCL in 9 patients and in the right CCL in 2 patients were closed during the second procedure. A spontaneous PVT with a cycle length of 212+/-44 ms was demonstrated in 7 of 9 patients, even though no PVT had been observed in 6 of these 7 patients during the first procedure. No AF recurred in 39 patients after PV isolation during follow-up.Automatic activity and fast tachycardia within the PVs could reflect an arrhythmogenic substrate in patients with PAF, which could be eliminated by isolating all PVs with CCLs guided by 3D mapping and the double-Lasso technique in the majority of patients.
Making Prospective Registration of Observational Research a Reality
Authors: Rafael Dal-Ré, John P. Ioannidis, Michael B. Bracken, Patricia A. Buffler, An-Wen Chan, Eduardo L. Franco, Carlo La Vecchia, Elisabete Weiderpass
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Key information about human observational studies should be publicly available before the study is initiated.
Limitations of Electric Impedance Plethysmography
Authors: JW. VAN DEN BERG, A. JAPPE ALBERTS
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

Electric impedance plethysmography has been offered as a substitute for mechanical plethysmography and would be particularly suitable for regions in which the mechanical method cannot be applied. A comparative investigation of mechanical and impedance plethysmograms, taken simultaneously from a finger or a forearm, revealed that, while the normal pulsations were reproduced reasonably well, electric impedance plethysmography cannot be employed to determine volume changes following venous occlusion. The reasons are discussed.
Statins and the risk of interstitial lung disease: a cohort study
Authors: Nathalie Saad, Philippe Camus, Samy Suissa, Pierre Ernst
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Case reports have suggested that the use of statins may be associated with an increase in the risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD). <h3>Methods</h3> Within a large cohort of users of respiratory medications identified in the Quebec health administrative databases during 1990–2005, we carried out a nested case–control analysis of the relationship between statins and the risk of ILD as defined by specialist visits or hospitalisations. <h3>Results</h3> The cohort included over 1.4 million patients, of which 6665 possible or probable cases of ILD were identified during follow-up. These were compared with 26 660 controls matched for age, gender and calendar time. After adjustment for confounders and comorbid conditions, there was no association between current use of statins and risk of ILD (adjusted OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.08). The results were similar when any use of statins within the previous 1 or 2 years was considered or when the analysis was limited to more definite cases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This large cohort study did not find an association between statin use and the incidence of ILD.
Cancer Mortality Among New Mexico's Hispanics, American Indians, and Non-Hispanic Whites, 1958–1987
Authors: C L Wiggins, T M Becker, C R Key, J M Samet
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Cancer Mortality Among New Mexico's Hispanics, American Indians, and Non-Hispanic Whites, 1958–1987 Get access Charles L. Wiggins, Charles L. Wiggins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas M. Becker, Thomas M. Becker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles R. Key, Charles R. Key Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jonathan M. Samet Jonathan M. Samet Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 20, 20 October 1993, Pages 1670–1678, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.20.1670 Published: 20 October 1993 Article history Received: 22 February 1993 Revision received: 16 July 1993 Accepted: 27 July 1993 Published: 20 October 1993
"Explain in simple words--ensure the words are understood"*
Authors: W S. C Symmers
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The old man in the bed next to mine in the mixed gender customer care facility (ward) woke me with his sobbing, quiet but continuous and infinitely distressing. I hobbled to his bedside and asked what troubled him. “Damn youse men, keep quiet,” said the old lady next along the ward. At first the man ignored me, weeping on, his face and the pillow wet with his tears. I held his hand and dried his face, and he turned his eyes to me. “It's you, doctor?” he asked. It had become known to …
Effects of Smoking Cessation on Lung Function and Airway Inflammation in Smokers with Asthma
Authors: Rekha Chaudhuri, Eric Livingston, Alex D. McMahon, Jane Lafferty, Iona Fraser, Mark Spears, Charles P. McSharry, Neil C. Thomson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Active smoking in asthma is associated with worsening of symptoms, accelerated decline in lung function, and impaired response to corticosteroids.To examine the short-term effects of smoking cessation on lung function, airway inflammation, and corticosteroid responsiveness in smokers with asthma.Smokers with asthma were given the option to quit or continue smoking. Both groups underwent spirometry and induced sputum at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 wk. Cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to topical beclometasone, airway response to oral prednisolone, and sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to corticosteroids were measured before smoking cessation and at 6 wk.Of 32 subjects recruited, 11 opted to continue smoking (smoking control group). Of 21 subjects who opted for smoking cessation, 10 quit smoking for 6 wk (quit group). In the comparison of quitters with smokers at 6 wk, the mean (confidence interval [CI]) difference in FEV(1) was 407 ml (21, 793), p = 0.040, and the proportion of sputum neutrophils was reduced by 29 (51, 8), p = 0.039. Total cutaneous vasoconstrictor response score to topical beclometasone improved after smoking cessation with a mean (CI) difference of 3.56 (0.84, 6.28), p = 0.042, between quitters and smokers. There was no change in airway corticosteroid responses after smoking cessation.By 6 wk after smoking cessation, subjects who quit smoking had achieved considerable improvement in lung function and a fall in sputum neutrophil count compared with subjects who continued to smoke. These findings highlight the importance of smoking cessation in asthma.
Analysis of the first two waves of thymus homing stem cells and their T cell progeny in chick-quail chimeras.
Authors: M Coltey, R P Bucy, C H Chen, J Cihak, U Lösch, D Char, N M Le Douarin, M D Cooper
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Chick-quail chimeras were used to study precursor/progeny relationships of hemopoietic stem cells (SC) that enter the embryonic thymus in waves to give rise sequentially to the TCR-1+, TCR-2+, and TCR-3+ lineages of T cells. The first wave of SC and their progeny were examined by grafting thymus from 9-d chick embryos (E9) into E3 quails. mAbs specific for chick T cell antigens were used to trace the development of T cells in the recipients. All three lineages of TCR-bearing cells were generated from the first wave of SC. The cortico-medullary transit time was several day shorter for the TCR-1 subpopulation than for the TCR-2 subpopulation, and the peripheral seeding of TCR-2 cells also occurred later in development. The duration of thymocyte production from the first wave of SC that entered the thymus was approximately 3 wk, during which gradual cortical to medullary replacement by second wave SC progeny occurred. When the latter was examined, after transplantation of E7 quail thymus into E3 chick embryos, a sequential generation pattern for the TCR-1 and TCR-2 cell progeny was not evident. Finally, recirculation of T cells to the thymus medulla was defined in this avian model.
Self-Reported Diabetes and Health Behaviors in Remote Indigenous Communities in Northern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Brad McCulloch, Robyn McDermott, Geoff Miller, Dympna Leonard, Michelle Elwell, Reinhold Muller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

This study examines associations between self-reported diabetes and self-reported smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit consumption, and participation in adequate exercise in remote indigenous communities, using data from the Well Persons' Health Check (WPHC).The WPHC was a cross-sectional survey of 2,862 indigenous individuals (1,602 Aborigines, 1,074 Torres Strait Islanders, and 186 persons of joint descent) aged > or =15 years. The study was conducted in 26 remote communities in northern Queensland, Australia, between March 1998 and October 2000.A total of 32% of individuals with self-reported diabetes and 25% of other individuals reported eating enough fruit, according to National Health and Medical Research Council criteria: odds ratio (OR) 1.407 (95% CI 1.108-1.786), P = 0.006. After adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity, no significant difference could be observed: adjusted OR 1.22 (0.944-1.574), P = 0.128. A total of 58% of participants who reported diabetes and 51% of others reported adequate exercise: OR 0.761 (0.609-0.952), P = 0.018. This difference was not significant after adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity: adjusted OR 0.896 (0.705-1.14), P = 0.370. A total of 43% of individuals who reported diabetes and 72% of others reported consuming alcohol: OR 0.295 (0.235-0.369), P < 0.001. After adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity, this difference was still significant: adjusted OR 0.550 (0.428-0.709), P < 0.001. Diabetic drinkers consumed alcohol at harmful levels similar to those of nondiabetic drinkers (P = 0.691). A total of 40% of individuals who reported diabetes and 63% of other persons were tobacco smokers: OR 0.403 (0.322-0.505), P < 0.001. Although this crude difference was attenuated by adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity, persons with self-reported diabetes were still significantly less likely to smoke tobacco than other participants: adjusted OR 0.666 (0.521-0.852), P = 0.001. Smoking prevalence among the diabetic indigenous participants was more than double that in nondiabetic nonindigenous Australians.This study suggests that indigenous individuals with diabetes living in rural and remote communities are not adopting lifestyle changes required for optimal self-management of the disease. This contributes to the large excess of mortality and morbidity experienced by this population.
Liver cell damage caused by monoclonal antibody against an organ-specific membrane antigen in vivo and in vitro
Authors: T. Poralla, G. Ramadori, H.P. Dienes, M. Manns, G. Gerken, W. Dippold, T.H. Hütteroth, K.-H. Meyer zum Büschenfelde
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1987)