tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The L-S ratio. Its use in the prediction of respiratory maturity in infants
Authors: C. R. Rosenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1974)

IN industrialized societies, the major cause of death during the first week of life is clinical hyaline membrane disease (CHMD), an entity that occurs primarily in premature infants. Simply stated, the condition consists of an inability to keep the alveoli from collapsing at the end of expiration, which leads to progressive ventilation-perfusion abnormalities, insufficient exchange of respiratory gases, and, finally, to cardiorespiratory collapse. The etiology is not fully understood, but evidence suggests that CHMD results from insufficient production of surface-active phospholipids, collectively referred to as<i>pulmonary surfactant</i>. These substances are probably produced and stored within the type II alveolar lining cells and are then "secreted" into the lumen where they coat the alveolar surface, decreasing surface tension at end-expiration, and thereby preventing alveolar collapse. Pulmonary surfactant is decreased in the lung of prematurely born fetuses and of those newborn infants who develop CHMD. As gestation progresses, increasing quantities can be
Utility of Homeostasis Model Assessment of β-Cell Function in Predicting Diabetes in 12,924 Healthy Koreans
Authors: Edward J. Boyko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Sung et al. (1) are to be commended for their efforts in reporting on the utility of a homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of β-cell function (HOMA-β) as a measure of insulin secretion to predict the development of diabetes in a large population ( n = 12,924) followed through retrospective medical record review. They conclude by questioning the utility of HOMA-β in predicting the development of diabetes. This conclusion is problematic, though, and likely to be biased. Sung et al. do not adequately address the physiological relationship between insulin sensitivity and secretion in their analysis. It is well know that a hyperbolic association exists between these two measures, and this has been …
CD4 cell count and viral load monitoring in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Uganda: cost effectiveness study
Authors: J. G. Kahn, E. Marseille, D. Moore, R. Bunnell, W. Were, R. Degerman, J. W. Tappero, P. Ekwaru, F. Kaharuza, J. Mermin
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the cost and cost effectiveness of quarterly CD4 cell count and viral load monitoring among patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). <b>Design</b> Cost effectiveness study. <b>Setting</b> A randomised trial in a home based ART programme in Tororo, Uganda. <b>Participants</b> People with HIV who were members of the AIDS Support Organisation and had CD4 cell counts &lt;250 ×10<sup>6</sup> cells/L or World Health Organization stage 3 or 4 disease. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Outcomes calculated for the study period and projected 15 years into the future included costs, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), and incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICER; $ per DALY averted). Cost inputs were based on the trial and other sources. Clinical inputs derived from the trial; in the base case, we assumed that point estimates reflected true differences even if non-significant. We conducted univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses. <b>Interventions</b> Three monitoring strategies: clinical monitoring with quarterly CD4 cell counts and viral load measurement (clinical/CD4/viral load); clinical monitoring and quarterly CD4 counts (clinical/CD4); and clinical monitoring alone. <b>Results</b> With the intention to treat (ITT) results per 100 individuals starting ART, we found that clinical/CD4 monitoring compared with clinical monitoring alone increases costs by $20 458 (£12 780, €14 707) and averts 117.3 DALYs (ICER=$174 per DALY). Clinical/CD4/viral load monitoring compared with clinical/CD4 monitoring adds $142 458, and averts 27.5 DALYs ($5181 per DALY). The superior ICER for clinical/CD4 monitoring is robust to uncertainties in input values, and that strategy is dominant (less expensive and more effective) compared with clinical/CD4/viral load monitoring in one quarter of simulations. If clinical inputs are based on the as treated analysis starting at 90 days (after laboratory monitoring was initiated), then clinical/CD4/viral load monitoring is dominated by other strategies. <b>Conclusions</b> Based on this trial, compared with clinical monitoring alone, monitoring of routine CD4 cell count is considerably more cost effective than additionally including routine viral load testing in the monitoring strategy and is more cost effective than ART.
Trace elements and electrolytes in human resting mixed saliva after exercise.
Authors: J L Chicharro, V Serrano, R Ureña, A M Gutierrez, A Carvajal, P Fernández-Hernando, A Lucía
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

OBJECTIVES: Exercise is known to cause changes in the concentration of salivary components such as amylase, Na, and Cl. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on the levels of trace elements and electrolytes in whole (mixed) saliva. METHODS: Forty subjects performed a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Samples of saliva were obtained before and immediately after the exercise test. Sample concentrations of Fe, Mg, Sc, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Ag, Sb, Cs, and Hg were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and concentrations of Ca and Na by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: After exercise, Mg and Na levels showed a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) while Mn levels fell (p &lt; 0.05). Zn/Cu molar ratios were unaffected by exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Intense physical exercise induced changes in the concentrations of only three (Na, Mg, and Mn) of the 16 elements analysed in the saliva samples. Further research is needed to assess the clinical implications of these findings.
Quantitative variations in the expression of H-2 antigens on murine leukemia virus-induced tumor cells can affect the H-2 restriction patterns of tumor-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Authors: F Plata, A F Tilkin, J P Lévy, F Lilly
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Comparative quantitative experiments were designed to study the expression of H-2Kd and H-2Dd antigens on three different leukemia cell lines induced by Gross murine leukemia virus (MuLV)in BALB/c (H-2d) mice. The H-2 restriction patterns of syngeneic cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) directed against Gross MuLV-induced tumors were correlated with these quantitations of H-2Kd and H-2Dd antigens, Our results obtained by quantitative absorption of monospecific antisera indicated that the three BALB/c tumor cell lines expressed different amounts of H-2Kd and H-2Dd antigens, with H-2Dd antigen showing the greatest variability in expression because it ranged from barely detectable levels to one-eighth the amount of H-2Dd antigen expressed on normal BALB/c spleen cells. The H-2 restriction patterns of Gross MuLV-specific CTL were directly affected by these quantitative modulations in the expression of H-2Kd and H-2Dd antigens, as revealed by three independent approaches: (a) inhibition of CTL activity by monospecific anti-H-2 sera in the absence of complement; (b)competitive inhibition of CTL-mediated cytotoxicity by the addition of excess tumor cells into the reaction mixture; and (c) analysis of CTL specificities using cloned CTL populations. Our results thus indicate that H-2 restriction of tumor-specific CTL activity can be directed at the target cell level by variations in the expression of H-2 antigens.
Subretinal Delivery of Recombinant AAV Serotype 8 Vector in Dogs Results in Gene Transfer to Neurons in the Brain
Authors: Knut Stieger, Marie-Anne Colle, Laurence Dubreil, Alexandra Mendes-Madeira, Michel Weber, Guylène Le Meur, Jack Yves Deschamps, Nathalie Provost, Delphine Nivard, Yan Cherel, Philippe Moullier, Fabienne Rolling
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are among the most efficient gene delivery vehicles for gene transfer to the retina. This study evaluates the behavior of the rAAV8 serotype vector with regard to intraocular delivery in rats and dogs. Subretinal delivery of an AAV2/8.gfp vector results in efficient gene transfer in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the photoreceptors and, surprisingly, in the cells of the inner nuclear layer as well as in ganglion cells. Most importantly, in dogs, gene transfer also occurred distal to the injection site in neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the brain. Because green fluorescent protein (GFP) was detected along the visual pathway within the brain, we analyzed total DNA extracted from various brain slices using PCR. Vector sequences were detected in many parts of the brain, but chiefly in the contralateral hemisphere. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are among the most efficient gene delivery vehicles for gene transfer to the retina. This study evaluates the behavior of the rAAV8 serotype vector with regard to intraocular delivery in rats and dogs. Subretinal delivery of an AAV2/8.gfp vector results in efficient gene transfer in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the photoreceptors and, surprisingly, in the cells of the inner nuclear layer as well as in ganglion cells. Most importantly, in dogs, gene transfer also occurred distal to the injection site in neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the brain. Because green fluorescent protein (GFP) was detected along the visual pathway within the brain, we analyzed total DNA extracted from various brain slices using PCR. Vector sequences were detected in many parts of the brain, but chiefly in the contralateral hemisphere.
Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing PAX-FKHR Form Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcomas by Cooperating with Secondary Mutations
Authors: Yue-Xin Ren, Friedrich Graf Finckenstein, Diana A. Abdueva, Violette Shahbazian, Brile Chung, Kenneth I. Weinberg, Timothy J. Triche, Hiroyuki Shimada, Michael J. Anderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMS) are highly malignant soft-tissue sarcomas that arise in children, adolescents, and young adults. Although formation and expression of the PAX-FKHR fusion genes is thought to be the initiating event in this cancer, the role of PAX-FKHR in the neoplastic process remains largely unknown in a progenitor cell that is undefined. We hypothesize that PAX-FKHR determine the ARMS progenitor to the skeletal muscle lineage, which when coupled to the inactivation and/or activation of critical cell signaling pathways leads to the formation of ARMS. Because a number of studies have proposed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are the progenitor for several of the sarcomas, we tested this hypothesis in MSCs. We show that PAX-FKHR induce skeletal myogenesis in MSCs by transactivating MyoD and myogenin. Despite exhibiting enhanced growth in vitro, the PAX-FKHR–expressing populations do not form colonies in soft agar or tumors in mice. Expression of dominant-negative p53, or the SV40 early region, elicits tumor formation in some of the PAX-FKHR–expressing populations. Additional activation of the Ras signaling pathway leads to highly malignant tumor formation for all of the populations. The PAX-FKHR–expressing tumors were shown to have histologic, immunohistochemical, and gene expression profiles similar to human ARMS. Our results show the critical role played by PAX-FKHR in determining the molecular, myogenic, and histologic phenotype of ARMS. More importantly, we identify MSCs as a progenitor that can give rise to ARMS. [Cancer Res 2008;68(16):6587–97]
Logistic issues and potential prescribing costs associated with use of neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment of influenza in primary care
Authors: P. R Da Silva, J. S Nguyen-Van-Tam, A. C Hayward
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

In the UK, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence has recommended the use of neuraminidase inhibitors for elderly and at-risk patients who present with influenza-like illness within 36 hours of symptom onset. However, few data exist to enable primary care trusts to evaluate the logistics and costs of prescribing. We sought to determine, during a confirmed influenza outbreak, the proportion of eligible patients who currently present in time to benefit from treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor, and to develop the findings into a model for evaluating potential prescribing costs. Within a single primary care group, demographic and co-morbidity data were collected on all patients consulting their general practitioner or attending an out-of-hours centre with influenza-like illness during the outbreak period. A typical primary care trust serving 100 000 patients might expect to prescribe a neuraminidase inhibitor to 140 eligible at-risk patients in a season of low influenza activity, rising to 300 in a large epidemic. At-risk patients were more likely than non-at-risk patients to consult within 36 hours of the onset of symptoms. However, only 20% of such patients, rising to 47% in out-of-hours centres, consulted in time to benefit from treatment. The low proportion of elderly and at-risk patients who consult their general practitioner in time to benefit from treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor emphasizes the overriding importance of annual vaccination in these groups. If the full benefits of neuraminidase inhibitors are to be realized, access to treatment for eligible patients must be improved.
Modeling of treatment response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents as a function of center- and patient-related variables: results from the Anemia Cancer Treatment (ACT) study
Authors: M. Aapro, H. Ludwig, C. Bokemeyer, K. MacDonald, P. Soubeyran, M. Turner, T. Albrecht, I. Abraham
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>–Negative Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma
Authors: Atul B. Shinagare, Nikhil H. Ramaiya, Kevin O'Regan, Jyothi P. Jagannathan, Jason L. Hornick, Ann S. LaCasce
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)
Public debate begins in Scotland on future of NHS
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Every month, <i>DTB</i> scans sources of information on treatments, disease management and other healthcare topics for key items to bring to our readers9 attention and help them keep up to date. To do this, we produce succinct, contextualised summaries of the information concerned. We also include comments on, for example, the strengths of the information, whether it contains anomalies, ambiguities, apparent error or omissions, or whether or how it affects current practice.
Toward Systems Biology of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Ferhaan Ahmad, Hunter C. Champion, Naftali Kaminski
Journal: Circulation (2012)

this issue of Circulation, Parikh and colleagues 1 present an elegant study that lies at the intersection of 2 recent major developments in cardiovascular research-the recognition of the role of microRNAs in normal and abnormal cardiovascular biology, and the introduction of computational systems biology approaches to elucidate the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease.This work provides convincing evidence for the central role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) generally and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) more specifically, and suggests a potential 2-hit rationale for incomplete penetrance of mutations in BMPR2 in heritable PAH.
The physical map of wheat chromosome 1BS provides insights into its gene space organization and evolution
Authors: Dina Raats, Zeev Frenkel, Tamar Krugman, Itay Dodek, Hanan Sela, Hana Šimková, Federica Magni, Federica Cattonaro, Sonia Vautrin, Hélène Bergès, Thomas Wicker, Beat Keller, Philippe Leroy, Romain Philippe, Etienne Paux, Jaroslav Doležel, Catherine Feuillet, Abraham Korol, Tzion Fahima
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

The wheat genome sequence is an essential tool for advanced genomic research and improvements. The generation of a high-quality wheat genome sequence is challenging due to its complex 17 Gb polyploid genome. To overcome these difficulties, sequencing through the construction of BAC-based physical maps of individual chromosomes is employed by the wheat genomics community. Here, we present the construction of the first comprehensive physical map of chromosome 1BS, and illustrate its unique gene space organization and evolution. Fingerprinted BAC clones were assembled into 57 long scaffolds, anchored and ordered with 2,438 markers, covering 83% of chromosome 1BS. The BAC-based chromosome 1BS physical map and gene order of the orthologous regions of model grass species were consistent, providing strong support for the reliability of the chromosome 1BS assembly. The gene space for chromosome 1BS spans the entire length of the chromosome arm, with 76% of the genes organized in small gene islands, accompanied by a two-fold increase in gene density from the centromere to the telomere. This study provides new evidence on common and chromosome-specific features in the organization and evolution of the wheat genome, including a non-uniform distribution of gene density along the centromere-telomere axis, abundance of non-syntenic genes, the degree of colinearity with other grass genomes and a non-uniform size expansion along the centromere-telomere axis compared with other model cereal genomes. The high-quality physical map constructed in this study provides a solid basis for the assembly of a reference sequence of chromosome 1BS and for breeding applications.
<i>In Vivo</i>Phosphoantigen Levels in Bisphosphonate-Treated Human Breast Tumors Trigger Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell Antitumor Cytotoxicity through ICAM-1 Engagement
Authors: Ismahène Benzaïd, Hannu Mönkkönen, Edith Bonnelye, Jukka Mönkkönen, Philippe Clézardin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BP) such as zoledronate and risedronate exhibit antitumor effects. They block the activity of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) in the mevalonate pathway, leading to intracellular accumulation of mevalonate metabolites (IPP/ApppI), which are recognized as tumor phosphoantigens by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. However, mechanisms responsible for Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell recognition of N-BP–treated tumors producing IPP/ApppI remain unclear. Experimental Design: The effects of N-BPs on Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell expansion and anticancer activity were evaluated in vitro and in animal models of human breast cancers. The modalities of recognition of breast tumors by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in N-BP–treated animals were also examined. Results: We found a strong correlation between Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell anticancer activity and intracellular accumulation of IPP/ApppI in risedronate-treated breast cancer cells in vitro. In addition, following risedronate treatment of immunodeficient mice bearing human breast tumors, human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells infiltrated and inhibited growth of tumors that produced high IPP/ApppI levels but not those expressing low IPP/ApppI levels. The combination of doxorubicin with a N-BP improved, however, Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell cytotoxicity against breast tumors expressing low IPP/ApppI levels. Moreover, Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell cytotoxicity in mice treated with risedronate or zoledronate did not only depend on IPP/ApppI accumulation in tumors but also on expression of tumor cell surface receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which triggered the recognition of N-BP–treated breast cancer cells by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in vivo. Conclusion: These findings suggest that N-BPs can have an adjuvant role in cancer therapy by activating Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell cytotoxicity in patients with breast cancer that produces high IPP/ApppI levels after N-BP treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 18(22); 6249–59. ©2012 AACR.
Intestinal bacterial flora and bile salt studies in hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: D. M. Parkin, D. B. L. McClelland, R. R. O'Moore, I. W. Percy-Robb, I. W. B. Grant, D. J. C. Shearman
Journal: Gut (1972)

Five patients with adult acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia, four of whom were achlorhydric, were studied. Jejunal bacterial counts were much higher than those in a control group of acid secretors, but were similar to those in a control group of patients with pernicious anaemia; Giardia lamblia were isolated from the jejunal content of all patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. The concentration of conjugated bile acids in the fasting state was lower in hypogammaglobulinaemia than in pernicious anaemia, but in the two hypogammaglobulinaemic patients with steatorrhoea there was a normal bile salt response to a fatty meal.
Computer Assignment of Psychotropic Drugs
Authors: IVAN W. SLETTEN, HAROLD ALTMAN, RICHARD C. EVENSON, DONG WON CHO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Data on drug assignment from patients' case records were used to: 1) derive a computer formula for assignment to one of three major drug categories, 2) compare the results from this formula with those from a previous formula using prototype data, and 3) determine the agreement between this formula's results and the drug assignments made by the patients' physicians. The authors conclude that the computer can regularly suggest assignment to one of three major drug categories, although the clinician will still have to make the final decision.
High serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase level after bortezomib-combined therapy in refractory multiple myeloma: possible role of bortezomib on osteoblast differentiation
Authors: C Shimazaki, R Uchida, S Nakano, K Namura, S-i Fuchida, A Okano, M Okamoto, T Inaba
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: a retrospective audit of practice between 1994 and 2011 at a single centre
Authors: S. Ingen-Housz-Oro, C. Hotz, L. Valeyrie-Allanore, E. Sbidian, F. Hemery, O. Chosidow, P. Wolkenstein
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: a retrospective audit of practice between 1994 and 2011 at a single centre Get access S. Ingen‐Housz‐Oro, S. Ingen‐Housz‐Oro Dermatology Department AP‐HP Henri Mondor Hospital Créteil FranceReferral Center for Toxic and Autoimmune Disease Créteil France Correspondence: S. Ingen‐Housz‐Oro Email: saskia.oro@hmn.aphp.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Hotz, C. Hotz Dermatology Department AP‐HP Henri Mondor Hospital Créteil France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Valeyrie‐Allanore, L. Valeyrie‐Allanore Dermatology Department AP‐HP Henri Mondor Hospital Créteil FranceReferral Center for Toxic and Autoimmune Disease Créteil France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Sbidian, E. Sbidian Dermatology Department AP‐HP Henri Mondor Hospital Créteil FranceUniversité Paris Est‐Créteil Val de Marne Créteil France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Hemery, F. Hemery Department of Medical Information AP‐HP Henri Mondor Hospital Créteil France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Chosidow, O. Chosidow Dermatology Department AP‐HP Henri Mondor Hospital Créteil FranceReferral Center for Toxic and Autoimmune Disease Créteil FranceUniversité Paris Est‐Créteil Val de Marne Créteil FranceINSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 006 AP‐HP Créteil France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Wolkenstein P. Wolkenstein Dermatology Department AP‐HP Henri Mondor Hospital Créteil FranceReferral Center for Toxic and Autoimmune Disease Créteil FranceUniversité Paris Est‐Créteil Val de Marne Créteil FranceINSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 006 AP‐HP Créteil France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 5, 1 May 2015, Pages 1455–1457, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13540 Published: 01 May 2015