tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of an Automatically Generated Cancer Survivorship Care Plan on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Routine Clinical Practice: Longitudinal Outcomes of a Pragmatic, Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Kim A.H. Nicolaije, Nicole P.M. Ezendam, M. Caroline Vos, Johanna M.A. Pijnenborg, Dorry Boll, Erik A. Boss, Ralph H.M. Hermans, Karin C.M. Engelhart, Joke E. Haartsen, Brenda M. Pijlman, Ingrid E.A.M. van Loon-Baelemans, Helena J.M.M. Mertens, Willem E. Nolting, Johannes J. van Beek, Jan A. Roukema, Wobbe P. Zijlstra, Roy F.P.M. Kruitwagen, Lonneke V. van de Poll-Franse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

This study was conducted to longitudinally assess the impact of an automatically generated survivorship care plan (SCP) on patient-reported outcomes in routine clinical practice. Primary outcomes were patient satisfaction with information and care. Secondary outcomes included illness perceptions and health care use.Twelve hospitals were randomly assigned to SCP care or usual care in a pragmatic, cluster randomized trial. Newly diagnosed patients with endometrial cancer completed questionnaires after diagnosis (n = 221; 75% response), 6 months (n = 158), and 12 months (n = 147). An SCP application was built in the Web-based ROGY (Registration System Oncological Gynecology). By clicking the SCP button, a patient-tailored SCP was generated.In the SCP care arm, 74% of patients received an SCP. They reported receiving more information about their treatment (mean [M] = 57, standard deviation [SD] = 20 v M = 47, SD = 24; P = .03), other services (M = 35, SD = 22 v M = 25, SD = 22; P = .03), and different places of care (M = 27, SD = 25 v M = 23, SD = 26; P = .04) than the usual care arm (scales, 0 to 100). However, there were no differences regarding satisfaction with information or care. Patients in the SCP care arm experienced more symptoms (M = 3.3, SD = 2.0 v M = 2.6, SD = 1.6; P = .03), were more concerned about their illness (M = 4.4, SD = 2.3 v M = 3.9, SD = 2.1; P = .03), were more affected emotionally (M = 4.0, SD = 2.2 v M = 3.7, SD = 2.2; P = .046), and reported more cancer-related contact with their primary care physician (M = 1.8, SD = 2.0 v M = 1.1, SD = 0.9; P = .003) than those in the usual care arm (scale, 1 to 10). These effects did not differ over time.The present trial showed no evidence of a benefit of SCPs on satisfaction with information and care. Furthermore, SCPs increased patients' concerns, emotional impact, experienced symptoms, and the amount of cancer-related contact with the primary care physician. Whether this may ultimately lead to more empowered patients should be investigated further.
40-year trends in an index of survival for all cancers combined and survival adjusted for age and sex for each cancer in England and Wales, 1971–2011: a population-based study
Authors: Manuela Quaresma, Michel P Coleman, Bernard Rachet
Journal: The Lancet (2014)

Assessment of progress in cancer control at the population level is increasingly important. Population-based survival trends provide a key insight into the overall effectiveness of the health system, alongside trends in incidence and mortality. For this purpose, we aimed to provide a unique measure of cancer survival.
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFECTIONS PRODUCED BY TREPONEMA PERTENUE IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce, Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

From a study of rabbits inoculated intratesticularly with two strains of treponemata derived from patients suffering from clinical yaws, it was found that a characteristic feature of the reaction to the infection was a well marked periorchitis of a granular or finely nodular type with or without a diffuse involvement of the tunic. While lesions of the testicular parenchyma also occurred they were relatively inconspicuous and consisted either of a minor diffuse orchitis which was usually followed by atrophy and fibrosis of the organ, or of small nodules; or there might be a combination of diffuse and nodular lesions. The granular periorchitis could be recognized clinically almost as soon as any change could be detected in the testicle, that is, about 3 weeks after inoculation; in the following month the covering of the testicle became studded with numerous tiny indurated nodules. Subsequently regression and healing took place and in the majority of animals no lesions were found 3 months after inoculation. In some animals residual lesions persisted for as long as 6 months. The granular periorchitis was a practically constant feature of the infection and was unlike any lesion of the tunic observed in experimental syphilis of the rabbit. Treponemata were numerous in the lesions of the tunic and somewhat less so in the testicle itself. Dissemination of organisms to the uninoculated testicle and to the inguinal lymph nodes was demonstrated by animal inoculation although the clinical signs of a metastatic orchitis and periorchitis were slight and a lymph adenitis was an inconstant feature of the infection. Generalized lesions in remote parts of the body, similar to those occurring in experimental syphilis of the rabbit, were not observed.
Prevalences of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation in a Danish Population
Authors: Charlotte Glümer, Torben Jørgensen, Knut Borch-Johnsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the age- and sex-specific prevalence of impaired fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, screen-detected diabetes, and known diabetes in a Danish population aged 30–60 years and to examine the phenotype and the cardiovascular risk profile in individuals with impaired glucose regulation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In the Inter99 study, 13,016 inhabitants living in Copenhagen County were invited. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements, blood samples, and a 75-g standardized oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS—The age-specific prevalences in men were as follows: impaired fasting glycemia: 1.4–16.3%; impaired glucose tolerance: 6.9–17.8%; screen-detected diabetes: 0.7–9.7%; and known diabetes: 0–5.8%. The corresponding figures in women were 0–5.1, 10.5–17.3, 0.6–6.3, and 0.5–9%. The prevalence of impaired glucose regulation increased with age. Among individuals with diabetes, 65.6% were previously undiagnosed; this proportion was highest in the youngest age-group (82% among 45-year-old men vs. 63% among 60-year-old men, and 70% among 45-year-old women vs. 52% among 60-year-old women). Mean BMI, waist, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol were significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) in the individuals with impaired glucose regulation compared with individuals with normal glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS—This study revealed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is high and that still two out of three individuals are undiagnosed, indicating a need for more attention to the disease in society.
Insulin- and Obesity-Related Variables in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Correlations and Time Course of Prognostic Associations
Authors: Pamela J. Goodwin, Marguerite Ennis, Kathleen I. Pritchard, Maureen E. Trudeau, Jarley Koo, Sara K. Taylor, Nicky Hood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

To investigate patterns of prognostic associations over time of insulin- and obesity-related variables measured at diagnosis of early breast cancer (BC), focusing on whether the prognostic associations with distant recurrence and death changed over time.Five hundred thirty-five nondiabetic women with T1-3, N0-1, M0 invasive BC diagnosed from 1989 to 1996 were included in the study. Insulin-related variables included fasting insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment, C-peptide, and glucose. Obesity-related variables included weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and leptin. Correlations were examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient and prognostic associations using the Cox model.There was evidence that associations of baseline insulin-related variables with distant recurrence and death were not constant over time; univariable adverse prognostic associations were significant only during the first 5 years (eg, insulin quartile 4 v 1: hazard ratio [HR], 2.32; 95% CI, 1.39 to 3.86; P < .001 for distant disease-free survival [DDFS]; and HR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.48 to 5.50; P = .002 for overall survival [OS], with little attenuation of this pattern in multivariable analyses). In contrast, obesity-related variables (BMI, weight, leptin) exerted significant adverse univariable associations that were constant over time (eg, BMI quartile 4 v 2: HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.82 for DDFS; P = .014; and HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.93; P < .001 for OS); prognostic associations of leptin remained significant in multivariable analyses.Baseline insulin- and obesity-related variables exert different patterns of prognostic associations over time in early BC.
THREE CASES ILLUSTRATING THE SURGERY OF THE JEJUNUM
Authors: E. R. Carling
Journal: BMJ (1910)

OPERATIONS upon the jejunum for conditions arising in that part of the intestinal tract are by no means frequent.Of the three conditions illustrated by the following cases rapture is probably the commonest; carcinoma occurs so ,seldom that not more than half a dozen successful resec- tions for cancer appear in the literature; and no exact parallel to the congenital stricture-if congenital it behas been found in an extensive search through published -reports.The two latter cases are to be looked upon almost as curiosities, but their rarity is sufficient jastification for their publication.CASE I.-Traumatic Rupture.H. J. L., aged 29, on October 2nd, 1908, at 6 p.m., had a meal of kippers, bread-and-butter, and tea.At 6.30 he went to the riding school of his regiment of Yeomanry, where, at 6.50 p.m., he was kicked by a horse.He lay down for three-quarters of an -hour, and was then brought to hos- Lpital in a cab.He walked into the -, -surgery, and appeared so well that the house-surgeon was in some doubt whether it was necessary for him to be detained.Whilst under .---observation,however, he vomited twice, and, being sent to the ward, -collapsed as he was being got into bed, about 8.15 p.m.By 9 p.m. acute symptoms were well developed.There was a slight abrasion over he left lower ribs in the nipple line; no fracture, no haematoma.
Inhaled Insulin for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Graham T. McMahon, Ronald A. Arky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 52-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus requires insulin therapy. The possible role of inhaled insulin is considered. Inhaled insulin is a short-acting insulin that has been shown to have an efficacy similar to that of subcutaneous insulin in clinical trials. However, severe hypoglycemia has occurred more frequently with inhaled insulin than with subcutaneous insulin in some trials, and the long-term safety of this form of therapy is unknown. Inhaled insulin is not recommended for smokers or for patients with underlying lung disease.
Oral Contraceptives, Angiotensin-Dependent Renal Vasoconstriction, and Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Sofia B. Ahmed, Peter Hovind, Hans-Henrik Parving, Peter Rossing, Deborah A. Price, Lori M. Laffel, M. Cecilia Lansang, Radomir Stevanovic, Naomi D.L. Fisher, Norman K. Hollenberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes, the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the U.S., is believed to involve activation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) as a risk factor for nephropathy. RAS activation occurs in healthy women using oral contraceptives (OCs), but the effects of OC use on the diabetic kidney are unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Renal plasma flow (RPF) response to captopril, as an index of RAS activity, was investigated in 92 women (41 nondiabetic OC nonusers, 10 nondiabetic OC users, 29 diabetic OC nonusers, and 12 diabetic OC users). Based on the hemodynamic findings, we examined the impact of OC use on the development of nephropathy as a post hoc analysis in an inception cohort of 114 female patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes followed for a median of 20.7 years (range 1–24). RESULTS—Nondiabetic OC nonusers showed minimal RPF vasodilator response to captopril (9 ± 10 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2, P = 0.6). In comparison, nondiabetic OC users showed a significant increase (69 ± 35 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2, P = 0.02) (P = 0.04 vs. nondiabetic OC nonusers). Diabetic OC nonusers demonstrated the anticipated vasodilator response (58 ± 12 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Diabetic OC users showed the largest responses (84 ± 12 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2, P = 0.002) (P = 0.04 vs. diabetic OC nonusers). Plasma renin activity did not vary with OC use (P = 0.3). The RPF responses to captopril and angiotensin receptor blocker were highly correlated (r = 0.72, P &amp;lt; 0.001), suggesting clear involvement of the RAS. In the observational study, 18% (6/33 [95% CI 4.3–32.1]) of OC users developed macroalbuminuria compared with 2% (2/81 [0–5.9]) of OC nonusers (P = 0.003, univariate analysis). After adjustment for known risk factors with a Cox regression model, OC use remained a predictor for the development of macroalbuminuria (relative risk 8.90 [95%CI 1.79–44.36], P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS—The strong association of OC use with angiotensin-dependent control of the renal circulation and the development of macroalbuminuria suggest that OC use may be a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy. Large prospective studies are required to further investigate this relationship.
Chromosome 9p and 10q losses predict unfavorable outcome in low-grade gliomas
Authors: C. Houillier, K. Mokhtari, C. Carpentier, E. Criniere, Y. Marie, A. Rousseau, G. Kaloshi, C. Dehais, J. Laffaire, F. Laigle-Donadey, K. Hoang-Xuan, M. Sanson, J.-Y. Delattre
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2009)

The loss of chromosomes 1p–19q is the only prognostic molecular alteration identified in low-grade gliomas (LGGs) to date. Search for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomes 1p, 9p, 10q, and 19q was performed in a series of 231 LGGs. Loss of chromosomes 1p–19q was strongly correlated with prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in univariate and multivariate analyses. LOH on 9p and 10q were associated with shortened PFS (P = .01 and .03, respectively) on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, LOH on 9p remained significant for PFS (P = .05), whereas LOH on 10q had a significant effect on OS (P = .02). Search for LOH 9p and 10q appears to be a useful complement to analysis of chromosomes 1p–19q in LGGs.
The characterization of soluble amyloid prepared in water
Authors: M. Pras, M. Schubert, D. Zucker-Franklin, A. Rimon, E. C. Franklin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Amyloid was extracted from the spleen of a patient with primary amyloidosis by homogenizing it at high speed with water after preliminary treatments, first to remove proteins soluble in saline, and then to remove salts. The extracts containing amyloid appeared to be clear at concentrations up to 6 mg/ml of protein. The material gave little sediment on being centrifuged up to 20,000 g for 1 hr, but the protein was sedimented at 100,000 g in 1 hr. The amyloid could be precipitated from the extracts by addition of NaCl to 0.0075 mole/liter or of CaCl(2) to 0.0025 mole/liter. The protein-bound Congo red formed a red precipitate and this property was used to estimate recovery and purity of amyloid during extraction. On electronmicroscopy the isolated amyloid proved to be morphologically pure. It existed either as single filaments measuring 60-80 A in diameter or as large aggregates of these filaments.Freshly isolated amyloid in water sedimented as a single homogeneous peak with an s degrees (20,[unk]) of about 45-50S. On standing, the solution became cloudy and more rapidly sedimenting components appeared. On electrophoresis the material migrated as a homogeneous peak towards the anode. The protein had an amino acid composition different from that of all known serum proteins. It was rich in acidic amino acids and had little cysteine and methionine and no hydroxyproline. The total content of carbohydrate was less than 2%.
Advances in targeted therapies XIII
Authors: FC Breedveld, JR Kalden, JS Smolen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

The papers brought together in this supplement of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases constitute summaries of presentations at the XIIIth International Symposium on Advances in Targeted Therapies, which was held from 6 to 9 April 2011. These presentations represent the state of the art on the biology of mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and other important mediators of inflammation. Current knowledge on the means and consequences of blocking TNF or other molecules or cellular mechanisms is also presented.

We are grateful to Drs Crofford, Feldmann, …
Evaluation of gremlin 1 (GREM1) as a candidate susceptibility gene for albuminuria-related traits in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Farook Thameem, Sobha Puppala, Xin He, Nedal H. Arar, Michael P. Stern, John Blangero, Ravindranath Duggirala, Hanna E. Abboud
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Mood disorders in HIV infection: prevalence and risk factors in a nonepicenter of the AIDS epidemic
Authors: D O Perkins, R A Stern, R N Golden, C Murphy, D Naftolowitz, D L Evans
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The authors studied the lifetime, initial cross-sectional, and 6-month follow-up prevalence of mood disorders in asymptomatic HIV-infected and uninfected homosexual men who lived in an area with a low prevalence of HIV. They also determined the relationship between current major depression and potential depression risk factors.Subjects included 98 asymptomatic HIV-infected and 71 uninfected homosexual men. Subjects underwent extensive clinical, psychiatric, neuropsychological, and laboratory evaluations.Similar proportions of HIV-infected and uninfected subjects reported a lifetime (29% and 45%, respectively), an initial current (8% and 3%), and a 6-month follow-up (9% and 11%) history of major depressive disorder. Anxiety disorders were less common, with similar proportions of HIV-infected and uninfected subjects reporting a lifetime (7% and 13%, respectively), an initial current (3% and 7%), and a 6-month follow-up (2% and 5%) history of anxiety disorders. There were no differences in the severity of mood symptoms between HIV-infected and uninfected subjects. Current major depression at initial visit was significantly associated with lifetime history of major depression but not with neuropsychological function or vitamin B12 level.These findings are in agreement with previous studies of areas with a high prevalence of HIV. However, the proportion of subjects with mood disorders is high compared with general population studies. Both HIV-infected and uninfected homosexual men may be at high risk for major depression, especially if they have a past history of depression. Moreover, in the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection, major depression does not appear to be secondary to HIV central nervous system effects or low vitamin B12 levels.
Thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> Receptors Mediate Pulmonary Hypertension in 60% Oxygen–exposed Newborn Rats by a Cyclooxygenase-independent Mechanism
Authors: Robert P. Jankov, Rosetta Belcastro, Emira Ovcina, Julia Lee, Hamid Massaeli, Stephen J. Lye, A. Keith Tanswell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) mediates the development of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in newborn rats exposed to 60% O2 for 14 days, a model for human chronic neonatal lung injury. ET-1 production by d-14 rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro was markedly increased by thromboxane (TX) A2 receptor agonists and inhibited by a competitive antagonist. We hypothesized that stimulation of the TX A2 receptor contributed to O2-mediated PHT in vivo. Newborn rat pups received daily intraperitoneal injections of L670596, a competitive TX A2 receptor antagonist, or 5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2(5H)-furanone (DFU), a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, during 14 days of 60% O2 or air exposure. L670596, but not DFU, prevented 60% O2–mediated right ventricular and small pulmonary vessel smooth muscle hypertrophy. Lung ET-1 content was significantly reduced by L670596 in 60% O2–exposed animals. We conclude that TX A2 receptor activation, though not by TX A2, caused upregulation of ET-1 and PHT in this model. A likely mediator is the stable lipid peroxidation product, 8-iso-prostane, which acts as an incidental ligand of the TX A2 receptor and is a potent inducer of ET-1 production by cultured d-14 rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro.
Does Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis cause Crohn's disease?
Authors: R B. Sartor
Journal: Gut (2005)

Variability in detection of MAP by PCR (0-100% in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis tissues) 8 and serological testing 37 (6) No evidence of mycobacterial cell wall by histochemical staining (7) No worsening of Crohn's disease with immunosuppressive agents or HIV infection (8) No documented cell mediated immune responses to MAP in patients with Crohn's disease 20 (9) No therapeutic response to traditional antimycobacterial antibiotics 23 MAP, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridisation; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
Immunogenicity of the Hu14.18-IL2 Immunocytokine Molecule in Adults With Melanoma and Children With Neuroblastoma
Authors: Jacquelyn A. Hank, Jacek Gan, Hyunji Ryu, Amy Ostendorf, Michael C. Stauder, Adam Sternberg, Mark Albertini, Kin-Ming Lo, Stephen D. Gillies, Jens Eickhoff, Paul M. Sondel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Immunocytokine (IC) hu14.18-IL2 is a fusion protein of humanized antidisialoganglioside (GD2) antibody (hu14.18) and interleukin (IL)-2. Sixty-one melanoma and neuroblastoma patients received IC in phase I/Ib studies. Patient sera were examined in ELISA to determine if an anti-IC antibody response occurred during treatment. Experimental Design: Serum was assayed for anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-id Ab) based on ability to bridge biotinylated hu14.18 to plate-bound hu14.18 and ability to inhibit binding of hu14.18 to GD2 antigen and/or murine anti-idiotypic antibody. ELISA was also used to detect antibodies to the Fc-IL2 end of hu14.18-IL2. Results: Thirty-two patients (52%) developed an anti-idiotypic antibody response (absorbance, &amp;gt;0.7) in the bridge ELISA. Twelve patients (20%) had an intermediate response, whereas 17 patients (28%) were negative (adsorbance, &amp;lt;0.3). The development of antibody to hu14.18-IL2 detected in the bridge ELISA was not related to the dose of hu14.18-IL2. Twenty of 33 adult patients (61%) demonstrated an anti-idiotypic antibody response based on binding inhibition ELISA. The anti-idiotypic response was inversely correlated (P &amp;lt; 0.002) with IC measured during the second course of treatment, indicating that development of anti-idiotypic antibodies interfered with detection of circulating hu14.18-IL2. All patients developed some inhibitory activity in the binding inhibition assay designed to detect antibodies to the Fc-IL2 region of the IC. There was a positive correlation between the peak serum level of IC in course 1 and the anti–Fc-IL2 response. Conclusions: Patients treated with hu14.18-IL2 developed anti-idiotypic antibodies and anti Fc-IL2 antibodies. No association was seen between development of anti-IC antibodies and clinical toxicity. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(18):5923–30)
The Requirements for CTL-Mediated Rejection of Cancer in Humans: NKG2D and Its Role in the Immune Responsiveness of Melanoma
Authors: Ena Wang, Silvia Selleri, Francesco M. Marincola
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

The contemporary understanding of the role played by CTLs that recognize tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in association with human leukocyte antigen class I molecules can be summarized as follows: ( a ) the responses of CTLs against cancers occur naturally; this is clearly exemplified by the