tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Augmentation of collateral blood flow to the ischaemic myocardium by oxygen inhalation following experimental coronary artery occlusion
Authors: L. G. T. RIBEIRO, E. K. LOUIE, M. A. DAVIS, P. R. MAROKO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Since the mechanism by which oxygen reduces infarct size is not yet completely understood, we tested the hypothesis that breathing 100% oxygen may alter regional myocardial blood flow. In 23 anaesthetised open-chest dogs with acute occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery or of its apical branch, regional myocardial blood flow was determined by the microsphere technique at 15 and 30 min following coronary artery occlusion. Fifteen treated dogs were ventilated with 100% oxygen beginning 17 min after occlusion (ie, after the first determination of regional myocardial blood flow) and continuing until the end of the experiment, while the other 8 dogs served as controls and were ventilated continuously with room air. In treated dogs, following the administration of 100% oxygen, transmural flow at sites remote from the distribution of the occluded vessel (nonischaemic sites) decreased from 121 ±5 before oxygen to 108 ±6 cm3·min−1 ·100g−1 (P <0.05). However, in the ischaemic sites it increased from 28 ±3 before oxygen to 32 ±3 cm3·min−1 ·100g−1 (P <0.05). In the control dogs transmural flow, 15 and 30 min after occlusion, was, in nonischaemic sites, 118 ±7 and 125 ±10 cm3·min−1 ·100g−1 NS, and in the ischaemic sites 27 ±4 and 25 ±3 cm3·min−1 ·100g−1 NS, respectively. Thus, ventilation with 100% oxygen can augment perfusion of the ischaemic myocardium and this may be, in part, the mechanism by which it reduces infarct size.
Depressive Symptoms in the Early Course of Schizophrenia: Relationship to Familial Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Kenneth L. Subotnik, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Robert F. Asarnow, David L. Fogelson, Michael J. Goldstein, Sharon A. Talovic
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relation between the presence of depressive symptoms in schizophrenic patients with a recent first psychotic episode and affective disorders among their relatives. METHOD: Data on depressive symptoms in 70 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R criteria, who had had a recent first psychotic episode, and psychiatric diagnostic information on 293 of their first-degree and 674 of their second-degree relatives were collected. Depressive symptoms in the schizophrenic probands were examined at the index psychotic episode (at study entry) and systematically over a 1-year follow-through period. The majority of first-degree family members were interviewed in person with the use of semistructured diagnostic interviews. RESULTS: The linear regression findings confirmed the hypothesis that depressive symptoms in the early course of schizophrenia are associated with a family history of unipolar affective illness. CONCLUSIONS: Because depression in the patients was associated with a family history of depression, this suggests that depression in schizophrenia is not solely either a reaction to having had a psychotic episode or part of the recovery process. The findings are consistent with a model in which a familial genetic liability to affective disorder, when present, is viewed as exerting a modifying influence on the patient's schizophrenic illness to increase expression of depressive symptoms. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1551–1556)
Radiologists accused in "scan scam"
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists has defended itself against allegations that its members in Australia backdated and falsified contracts for magnetic resonance imaging machines after hearing of a potentially profitable budget leak.

In what has become a bitter political scandal, the Australian parliament has been told that radiologists, who helped to negotiate a new health insurance rebate for scanners, ordered a new batch of the machines after somehow learning of the budget measure.

But the college said that the possibility of the changes were widely known within the profession for some time, that there was a genuine need for more machines to reduce waiting …
Conventional bronchoscopic techniques in sarcoidosis: not too far behind
Authors: Sahajal Dhooria, Ritesh Agarwal, Dheeraj Gupta
Journal: Thorax (2015)

We read with interest the review by Rintoul et al 1 wherein the authors have summarised the usefulness of linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) in a lucid manner. In the section on ‘Investigation of Suspected Sarcoidosis’, the authors state that the diagnostic yield to detect granulomas using endosonography (80%) is …
<i>ACE</i>I/D but not<i>AGT</i>(-6)A/G polymorphism is a risk factor for mortality in ARDS
Authors: M. Adamzik, U. Frey, S. Sixt, L. Knemeyer, M. Beiderlinden, J. Peters, W. Siffert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The intrapulmonary renin-angiotensin system via tissue concentration of angiotensin II or bradykinin may have multiple effects on pulmonary pathophysiology. Therefore, it was investigated whether the presence of the D allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism or the A allele of angiotensinogen (AGT) promoter polymorphism (-6)A/G are independent risk factors for 30-day survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. In a prospective study, adults (Germans of Caucasian ethnicity) with ARDS (n = 84) were recruited from the current authors' intensive care unit and genotyped for the ACE I/D and the AGT (-6)A/G polymorphisms, as were 200 healthy Caucasian controls. Mortality was increased in the ACE DD genotype compared with the I allele, and the ACE I/D polymorphism was an independent prognostic factor for 30-day survival. Patients with a homozygous DD genotype were at highest risk for death (hazard ratio 5.7; 95% confidence interval 1.7-19.2) compared with the II genotype. In contrast, the AGT (-6)A/G polymorphism was neither associated with an increased risk for development of ARDS nor with outcome. In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism but not the angiotensinogen (-6)A/G promoter polymorphism is an independent risk factor with a pronounced effect on 30-day survival.
Biventricular Pacing in Patients with Bradycardia and Normal Ejection Fraction
Authors: Cheuk-Man Yu, Joseph Yat-Sun Chan, Qing Zhang, Razali Omar, Gabriel Wai-Kwok Yip, Azlan Hussin, Fang Fang, Kai Huat Lam, Hamish Chi-Kin Chan, Jeffrey Wing-Hong Fung
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Observational studies suggest that conventional right ventricular apical pacing may have a deleterious effect on left ventricular function. In this study, we examined whether biventricular pacing is superior to right ventricular apical pacing in preventing deterioration of left ventricular systolic function and cardiac remodeling in patients with bradycardia and a normal ejection fraction.In this prospective, double-blind, multicenter study, we randomly assigned 177 patients in whom a biventricular pacemaker had been successfully implanted to receive biventricular pacing (89 patients) or right ventricular apical pacing (88 patients). The primary end points were the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-systolic volume at 12 months.At 12 months, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in the right-ventricular-pacing group than in the biventricular-pacing group (54.8+/-9.1% vs. 62.2+/-7.0%, P<0.001), with an absolute difference of 7.4 percentage points, whereas the left ventricular end-systolic volume was significantly higher in the right-ventricular-pacing group than in the biventricular-pacing group (35.7+/-16.3 ml vs. 27.6+/-10.4 ml, P<0.001), with a relative difference between the groups in the change from baseline of 25% (P<0.001). The deleterious effect of right ventricular apical pacing occurred in prespecified subgroups, including patients with and patients without preexisting left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Eight patients in the right-ventricular-pacing group (9%) and one in the biventricular-pacing group (1%) had ejection fractions of less than 45% (P=0.02). There was one death in the right-ventricular-pacing group, and six patients in the right-ventricular-pacing group and five in the biventricular-pacing group were hospitalized for heart failure (P=0.74).In patients with normal systolic function, conventional right ventricular apical pacing resulted in adverse left ventricular remodeling and in a reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction; these effects were prevented by biventricular pacing. (Centre for Clinical Trials number, CUHK_CCT00037.)
Conditions for acid catalysed luminal nitrosation are maximal at the gastric cardia
Authors: H Suzuki, K Iijima, A Moriya, K McElroy, G Scobie, V Fyfe, K E L McColl
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Saliva has a high nitrite concentration, derived from the enterosalivary recirculation of dietary nitrate, and is the main source of nitrite entering the acidic stomach. Acidification of nitrite in the presence of secondary amines or amides generates potentially carcinogenic <i>N</i>-nitroso compounds. The reaction is inhibited by ascorbic acid and catalysed by thiocyanate. <b>Aim:</b> To determine whether there is intragastric regional variation in the chemical conditions promoting luminal nitrosation following nitrate ingestion. <b>Methods:</b> Using microdialysis probes, we measured concentrations of nitrite, ascorbic acid, total vitamin C, and thiocyanate simultaneously in saliva, the distal oesophagus, cardia, and the proximal and distal stomach of 17 healthy volunteers before and following intragastric nitrate (2 mmol) administration. <b>Results:</b> The median pH in the distal oesophagus, cardia, and proximal and distal stomach were 7, 2.6, 1.9, and 1.7, respectively, before, and were similar following nitrate administration. Mean nitrite concentration in the distal oesophagus was similar to that of saliva, being 29.1 μM and 36.7 μM, respectively, before nitrate and increasing to 181.6 μM and 203.3 μM after nitrate ingestion. Within the stomach, mean (SEM) nitrite concentration following nitrate was higher in the cardia (45.5 (12.7) μM) than in the mid (7.8 (3.1)) (p&lt;0.01) or distal (0.8 (0.6)) (p&lt;0.1) stomach, and ascorbic acid concentration was lower at the cardia (13.0 (6.1)) than in the mid (51 (19.2)) (p&lt;0.02) or distal (86 (29)) (p&lt;0.01) stomach. Consequently, the median ascorbic acid to nitrite ratio was lowest at the cardia (0.3) (p&lt;0.01) versus the mid (7.8) or distal (40) stomach. Thiocyanate concentration was similar throughout the stomach. <b>Conclusions:</b> The conditions favouring luminal generation of <i>N</i>-nitroso compounds from dietary nitrate are maximal at the most proximal cardia region of the acidic stomach and may contribute to the high incidence of mutagenesis at this site.
Synthesis of Zn-Cu-In-S/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots with Inhibited Blue-Shift Photoluminescence and Applications for Tumor Targeted Bioimaging
Authors: Weisheng Guo, Na chen, Yu Tu, Chunhong Dong, Bingbo Zhang, Chunhong Hu, Jin Chang
Journal: Theranostics (2013)

A facile strategy is reported here for synthesis of Zn-Cu-In-S/ZnS (ZCIS/ZnS) core/shell QDs to address the synthetic issues that the unexpected blue-shift of CuInS 2 -based nanocrystals.In this strategy, Zn 2+ ions are intentionally employed for the synthesis of alloyed ZCIS core QDs before ZnS shell coating, which contributes to the reduced blue-shift in photoluminescence (PL) emission.The experimental results demonstrate this elaborate facile strategy is effective for the reduction of blue-shift during shell growth.Particularly, a hypothesis is proposed and proved for explanation of this effective strategy.Namely, both cation exchange inhibition and ions accumulation are involved during the synthesis of ZCIS/ZnS QDs.Furthermore, the obtained near infrared (NIR) ZCIS/ZnS QDs are transferred into aqueous phase by a polymer coating technique and coupled with cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (cRGD) peptides.After confirmation of biocompability by cytotoxicity test on normal 3T3 cells, these QDs are injected via tail vein into nude mice bearing U87 MG tumor.The result indicates that the signals detected in the tumor region are much more distinguishing injected with ZCIS/ZnS-cRGD QDs than that injected with ZCIS/ZnS QDs.
Expression and penetrance of the hereditary pancreatitis phenotype in monozygotic twins
Authors: S T Amann
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with variable expression and an overall lifetime penetrance of 80%. We hypothesised that (1) monozygotic twins within similar environments would develop the typical signs of HP at a similar age, and (2) if penetrance were due to modifier genes or environment, all twin pairs would be concordant for expression of HP. <h3>AIM</h3> Identify monozygotic twins with HP and determine the penetrance, concordance, and age of onset of symptoms. <h3>METHODS</h3> Twins from HP kindreds were identified from the Midwest Multicenter Pancreatic Study group database, referrals, and literature searches. Each twin set was assessed for phenotypic expression, concordance, and difference in age of phenotypic onset of pancreatitis. The difference in onset of symptoms for symptomatic affected non-twin sibling pairs as well as non-twin pairs that were mutation, sex, and age matched were calculated as two comparison groups. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Seven of 11 monozygotic pairs identified were suitable for evaluation and four were concordant for pancreatitis. Forty eight affected sibling pairs and 33 pairs of mutation, sex, and age matched (cationic trypsinogen R122H (30 pairs) and N29I (three pairs)) subjects were identified for comparison groups. The median (quartiles Q1, Q3) difference in the age of phenotypic onset in the concordant twins was 1 (0, 2.4) years, 2 (1, 6) for the affected siblings, and 7 (2, 15) years in the comparison control group. Three of the seven sets of twins (43%) were discordant for phenotypic expression of pancreatitis. The overall penetrance in the seven pairs of monozygotic twins was 78.6%. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Genetic and/or environmental factors contribute to expression and age of onset of HP. Nuclear genes or general environmental factors alone cannot explain the 80% penetrance. Determining the mechanism of non-penetrance may help in developing a strategy to prevent the phenotypic expression of pancreatitis in individuals with an underlying genetic predisposition.
Integrative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Common Molecular Subclasses of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yujin Hoshida, Sebastian M.B. Nijman, Masahiro Kobayashi, Jennifer A. Chan, Jean-Philippe Brunet, Derek Y. Chiang, Augusto Villanueva, Philippa Newell, Kenji Ikeda, Masaji Hashimoto, Goro Watanabe, Stacey Gabriel, Scott L. Friedman, Hiromitsu Kumada, Josep M. Llovet, Todd R. Golub
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and prior attempts to develop genomic-based classification for HCC have yielded highly divergent results, indicating difficulty in identifying unified molecular anatomy. We performed a meta-analysis of gene expression profiles in data sets from eight independent patient cohorts across the world. In addition, aiming to establish the real world applicability of a classification system, we profiled 118 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from an additional patient cohort. A total of 603 patients were analyzed, representing the major etiologies of HCC (hepatitis B and C) collected from Western and Eastern countries. We observed three robust HCC subclasses (termed S1, S2, and S3), each correlated with clinical parameters such as tumor size, extent of cellular differentiation, and serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. An analysis of the components of the signatures indicated that S1 reflected aberrant activation of the WNT signaling pathway, S2 was characterized by proliferation as well as MYC and AKT activation, and S3 was associated with hepatocyte differentiation. Functional studies indicated that the WNT pathway activation signature characteristic of S1 tumors was not simply the result of beta-catenin mutation but rather was the result of transforming growth factor-beta activation, thus representing a new mechanism of WNT pathway activation in HCC. These experiments establish the first consensus classification framework for HCC based on gene expression profiles and highlight the power of integrating multiple data sets to define a robust molecular taxonomy of the disease.
Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): a randomised trial
Authors: PD White, KA Goldsmith, AL Johnson, L Potts, R Walwyn, JC DeCesare, HL Baber, M Burgess, LV Clark, DL Cox, J Bavinton, BJ Angus, G Murphy, M Murphy, H O'Dowd, D Wilks, P McCrone, T Chalder, M Sharpe
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
REVERSIBILITY OF CLIP STERILISATIONS
Authors: JaroslavF Hulka, A.D Noble, A.T Letchworth, Brian Lieberman, Earl Owen, Victor Gomel, RichardC Taft, ArthurF Haney, CliffordR Wheeless, A.H Imrie, RobertL.S Winston, FrankE Loeffler
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Corticosteroid Aerosols for the Treatment of Asthma
Authors: M. Henry Williams
Journal: JAMA (1975)

CORTICOSTEROIDS are widely and effectively employed for the treatment of asthma, but their use is limited by the unpleasant and potentially dangerous side effects of hypercorticism. During the past 25 years, a number of attempts have been made to administer corticosteroids by aerosol in order to induce a therapeutic effect on the airways without producing systemic absorption. Aerosolization of prednisone, hydrocortisone, and particularly dexamethasone has produced a therapeutic effect in many patients with asthma, but often this was associated with the development or persistence of hypercorticism. A general conclusion emerged: to be effective, aerosolization of these compounds usually causes serious systemic absorption with suppression of adrenal function. <h3>Beclomethasone, Betamethasone, and Triamcinolone</h3> During the past two years, a new preparation,<i>beclomethasone dipropionate</i>(Becotide, Propaderm [Britain]) has been introduced in England. A series of studies, including the requisite double-blind, controlled investigations, demonstrated it to be an effective agent for the treatment of
The consequences of nuclear war
Authors: J H Humphrey, L Brent, N. Ettlinger, P. Ewan, J Fielding, M. Hartog, H. Hodgson, S. Hodgson, D J Holdstock, J. Marrow, M R Salaman, V Sljivic, A. Storr, H Valdimarsson, R Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1980)
Eosinophilic fasciitis associated with L-tryptophan ingestion.
Authors: M E Hamilton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

A 62 year old woman taking L-tryptophan developed eosinophilic fasciitis shortly after starting an exercise class. She received prednisone without benefit but improved after azathioprine treatment was started and L-tryptophan was discontinued. As products containing L-tryptophan have recently been implicated in development of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome it is suggested that the use of L-tryptophan might have contributed to the development of eosinophilic fasciitis in this patient. Similarities with toxic oil syndrome are noted. Additional studies are warranted to determine the prevalence of L-tryptophan ingestion among patients diagnosed as having eosinophilic fasciitis.
<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology
Authors: Maria Carlota Dao, Amandine Everard, Judith Aron-Wisnewsky, Nataliya Sokolovska, Edi Prifti, Eric O Verger, Brandon D Kayser, Florence Levenez, Julien Chilloux, Lesley Hoyles, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Salwa W Rizkalla, Joel Doré, Patrice D Cani, Karine Clément
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes differ from lean and healthy individuals in their abundance of certain gut microbial species and microbial gene richness. Abundance of <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>, a mucin-degrading bacterium, has been inversely associated with body fat mass and glucose intolerance in mice, but more evidence is needed in humans. The impact of diet and weight loss on this bacterial species is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the association between faecal <i>A. muciniphila</i> abundance, faecal microbiome gene richness, diet, host characteristics, and their changes after calorie restriction (CR). <h3>Design</h3> The intervention consisted of a 6-week CR period followed by a 6-week weight stabilisation diet in overweight and obese adults (N=49, including 41 women). Faecal <i>A. muciniphila</i> abundance, faecal microbial gene richness, diet and bioclinical parameters were measured at baseline and after CR and weight stabilisation. <h3>Results</h3> At baseline <i>A. muciniphila</i> was inversely related to fasting glucose, waist-to-hip ratio and subcutaneous adipocyte diameter. Subjects with higher gene richness and <i>A. muciniphila</i> abundance exhibited the healthiest metabolic status, particularly in fasting plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides and body fat distribution. Individuals with higher baseline <i>A. muciniphila</i> displayed greater improvement in insulin sensitivity markers and other clinical parameters after CR. These participants also experienced a reduction in <i>A. muciniphila</i> abundance, but it remained significantly higher than in individuals with lower baseline abundance. <i>A. muciniphila</i> was associated with microbial species known to be related to health. <h3>Conclusions</h3> <i>A. muciniphila</i> is associated with a healthier metabolic status and better clinical outcomes after CR in overweight/obese adults. The interaction between gut microbiota ecology and <i>A. muciniphila</i> warrants further investigation. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT01314690.
Diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis using optical brighteners
Authors: S Andreas, S Heindl, C Wattky, K Möller, R Rüchel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is increasingly recognized especially in immunocompromised patients, but early diagnosis remains a problem. Fungal elements in clinical specimens can be directly stained with an optical brightener. The high intensity of the elicited fluorescence allows for rapid and reliable microscopic screening. In the present study the authors aimed to validate this method. All specimens from bronchial secretions or pleural fluid suspected of mycosis (n=94) and all bronchoalveolar lavages (n=439) were prospectively evaluated by culture and staining with the optical brightener Blankophor-P-Flüssig. IPA was diagnosed for 17 specimens from 13 patients, using a combination of clinical, culture and radiological data, and by biopsy (n=3) or autopsy (n=3). The overall incidence of IPA was 3.3%. Nine of the 13 patients with IPA died (mortality=69%). Staining with the optical brightener and consecutive microscopic screening took 9+/-3 min. For the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, sensitivity was 0.88 and specificity was 0.99. Using culture, sensitivity was 0.76 and specificity was 0.99. In conclusion, direct examination of clinical specimens using the optical brightener has a high diagnostic potential for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The reliability, simplicity and speed of the method render it suitable for routine diagnostic work.
Identification of glucocorticoid-response genes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Stefan Schmidt, Johannes Rainer, Stefan Riml, Christian Ploner, Simone Jesacher, Clemens Achmüller, Elisabeth Presul, Sergej Skvortsov, Roman Crazzolara, Michael Fiegl, Taneli Raivio, Olli A. Jänne, Stephan Geley, Bernhard Meister, Reinhard Kofler
Journal: Blood (2005)