tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil Apoptosis and Dysfunction in Uremia
Authors: MIGUEL CENDOROGLO, BERTRAND L. JABER, V. S. BALAKRISHNAN, MARY PERIANAYAGAM, ANDREW J. KING, BRIAN J. G. PEREIRA
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. The high prevalence of bacterial infections among patients with end-stage renal disease suggests that “professional” phagocytes such as neutrophils are functionally impaired. This dysfunction has been ascribed to uremic toxins, malnutrition, and dialysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of apoptosis to neutrophil dysfunction in uremia. Neutrophils harvested from uremic patients ( n = 6) and age-/gender-matched healthy control subjects ( n = 6) were incubated with either 50% autologous plasma or 10% fetal calf serum. After 24-h incubation, apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry by using propidium iodide nuclear staining. Neutrophils from healthy volunteers were also incubated with either 50% heterologous normal or uremic plasma. After 24-h incubation, apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, superoxide production was determined by measuring the capacity to reduce ferri- to ferro-cytochrome C by using 4-β-phorbol 12-β-myristate 13-α-acetate or N -formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) for stimulus. Phagocytosis was determined by the uptake of 14 C-labeled heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus . Compared with normal neutrophils, uremic neutrophils demonstrated greater apoptosis in the presence of autologous plasma (9 ± 4 versus 19 ± 6%, P = 0.01) as well as 10% fetal calf serum (19 ± 7 versus 31 ± 6%, P = 0.03). Furthermore, compared with normal neutrophils exposed to heterologous normal plasma, those exposed to heterologous uremic plasma exhibited higher apoptosis rates (19 ± 3 versus 40 ± 5%, P = 0.002), lower fMLP-stimulated superoxide production (22.6 ± 2.5 versus 15.5 ± 1.1 nmol O 2 [UNK] /3.12 × 10 5 cells/30 min, P = 0.01), and a lower phagocytosis index (38 ± 3% versus 27 ± 5%, P = 0.04). Apoptosis correlated inversely with fMLP-stimulated superoxide production ( r = -0.60, P = 0.04) and phagocytosis ( r = -0.57, P = 0.05). These results suggest that uremic neutrophils undergo accelerated in vitro apoptosis. Furthermore, uremic plasma accelerates apoptosis of normal neutrophils, resulting in a dysfunctional pattern that is similar to that observed in uremia.
VEGF-A expression by HSV-1–infected cells drives corneal lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Todd R. Wuest, Daniel J.J. Carr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Inflammatory lymphangiogenesis plays a crucial role in the development of inflammation and transplant rejection. The mechanisms of inflammatory lymphangiogenesis during bacterial infection, toll-like receptor ligand administration, and wound healing are well characterized and depend on ligands for the vascular endothelial grow factor receptor (VEGFR) 3 that are produced by infiltrating macrophages. But inflammatory lymphangiogenesis in nonlymphoid tissues during chronic viral infection is unstudied. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection of the cornea is a leading cause of blindness and depends on aberrant host immune responses to antigen within the normally immunologically privileged cornea. We report that corneal HSV-1 infection drives lymphangiogenesis and that corneal lymphatics persist past the resolution of infection. The mechanism of HSV-1–induced lymphangiogenesis was distinct from the described mechanisms of inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. HSV-1–elicited lymphangiogenesis was strictly dependent on VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling but not on VEGFR-3 ligands. Macrophages played no role in the induction of lymphangiogenesis and were not a detectable source of VEGF-A. Rather, using VEGF-A reporter transgenic mice, we have identified infected epithelial cells as the primary source of VEGF-A during HSV-1 infection. Our results indicate that HSV-1 directly induces vascularization of the cornea through up-regulation of VEGF-A expression.
Effect of Hepatic Lipase -514C->T Polymorphism and Its Interactions With Apolipoprotein C3 -482C->T and Apolipoprotein E Exon 4 Polymorphisms on the Risk of Nephropathy in Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Larry Baum, Maggie C.Y. Ng, Wing-Yee So, Vincent K.L. Lam, Ying Wang, Emily Poon, Brian Tomlinson, Suzanne Cheng, Klaus Lindpaintner, Juliana C.N. Chan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles may promote the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetic nephropathy have increased plasma triglycerides and reduced activity of hepatic lipase (HL), which hydrolyzes triglycerides. We hypothesized that the HL −514C→T polymorphism, which reduces HL expression, and its interactions with polymorphisms in apolipoprotein (apo) E and apoC3 increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a case-control study involving 374 Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with and 392 without diabetic nephropathy, we genotyped the HL −514C→T, apoE exon 4, and apoC3 −482C→T polymorphisms. RESULTS—HL −514T−containing genotypes (T+) were associated with diabetic nephropathy (OR = 1.7, P = 0.0009). Adjustment by multiple logistic regression for hypertension, triglycerides, sex, non-HDL cholesterol, BMI, smoking, and alcohol intake did not diminish the association (OR = 1.8, P = 0.003). The association between HL T+ genotypes and diabetic nephropathy appeared stronger in diabetic patients with apoC3 −482 non-TT genotypes (OR = 1.9, P = 0.003) or apoE ε2 or ε4 alleles (OR = 2.2, P = 0.005). Subjects with HL TT exhibited trends toward increased triglyceride and non-HDL cholesterol levels compared with CC carriers. CONCLUSIONS—HL T+ genotypes might increase the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy by slowing clearance of triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins. In concert with other risk factors (e.g., hyperglycemia), lipid abnormalities may damage the kidneys and endothelium, where reduced binding sites for lipases may precipitate a vicious cycle of dyslipidemia, proteinuria, and nephropathy.
Effect of ethanol on transfer factor: the importance of posture.
Authors: D J Lyons, H Moszoro, T J Peters, J S Milledge
Journal: Thorax (1987)

<b>Objectives:</b> Although the relationship between migraine and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been studied, several questions remain unanswered. Herein we contrast the rate of diagnosed CVD as well as of risk factors for CVD in individuals with migraine with and without aura (MA and MO) and in controls. <b>Methods:</b> In this case-control study, migraineurs (n = 6,102) and controls (n = 5,243) were representative of the adult US population. Headache diagnosis was formally assigned using a validated mailed questionnaire which also obtained details on treatment, comorbidities, and other variables. CVD events were obtained based on self-reported medical diagnosis. Risk factors for CVD and modified Framingham scores were computed. <b>Results:</b> In unadjusted analyses, migraine overall and MA were associated with myocardial infarction, stroke, and claudication, and MO was associated with myocardial infarction and claudication. Migraineurs were more likely than controls to have a medical diagnosis of diabetes (12.6% vs 9.4%, odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–1.6), hypertension (33.1% vs 27.5%, OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.6), and high cholesterol (32.7% vs 25.6%, OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.5). Risk was highest in MA, but remained elevated in MO. Framingham scores were significantly higher in MO and MA than in controls. After adjustments (gender, age, disability, treatment, CVD risk factors), migraine remained significantly associated with myocardial infarction (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7–2.8), stroke (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–2.1), and claudication (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.98–3.23). <b>Conclusion:</b> Both migraine with and without aura are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with risk factors for CVD. However, since our sample size is large, the clinical relevance of the differences is yet to be established.
Severe Hypoglycemic Reaction with Haloperidol: Report of a Case
Authors: GEORGE KOJAK, MAURICE J. BARRY, CLIFFORD F. GASTINEAU
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

A 77-year-old woman without previous glucose metabolism disorder received electroshock treatment for severe agitated depression, after which she experienced prolonged "postshock" confusion and paranoid delusions. A trial of haloperidol in gradually increasing doses resulted in severe hypoglycemia. Her symptoms disappeared with the intravenous administration of glucose, and within two days after haloperidol was discontinued glucose metabolism returned to normal.
Anomalous Somatosensory Cortical Localization in Schizophrenia
Authors: Martin Reite, Peter Teale, Donald C Rojas, Tara L Benkers, Jon Carlson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia has been reported to be associated with altered localization of regions responding to sound in the auditory cortex, suggesting possible cortical reorganization accompanying the disorder, but it is not clear whether such disturbances are present in any primary sensory cortex other than the auditory. This study examines magnetoencephalographic localization of field sources evoked by tactile stimulation generated in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex in patients with schizophrenia compared with normal subjects. METHOD: A total of 29 subjects participated; 14 were patients with schizophrenia, and 15 were normal comparison subjects. Equivalent current dipole generators in both hemispheres were used to model the sources of the 50-msec latency somatosensory evoked field (M50) components produced by contralateral tactile mechanoreceptor stimulation of the tip of the index finger. RESULTS: Compared with normal subjects, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated reversed asymmetry (left anterior to right) and relatively anterior and inferior displacement of the M50 equivalent current dipole location in the left hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral lateralization and localization of the M50 distinguished patients with schizophrenia from normal subjects. These findings suggest the possibility of anatomical displacement and/or disturbed organization of the primary sensory cortex in schizophrenia.
The evaluation of sensory gating with P50 paradigm in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ozden Kamisli, Hilal Ermis, Suat Kamisli, Gazi Gulbas, Cemal Ozcan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Objective:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistant airflow limitation in the airway. It is major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is well known that COPD is associated with significant systemic abnormalities. Numerous neurological involvement like cerebrovascular diseases, motor neuron diseases and cognitive impairement has been reported in COPD. Cognitive dysfunction is usually associated with hypoxia or hypercarbia in these patients. We aimed to investigate the relationship between arterial blood gas analysis and pulmonary function test parameters with P50 sensory gating in COPD patients.   Methods : 25 male (mean age 65.16 ± 9.95 years) patients with COPD and 17 healthy male controls (61.52 ± 6.33 years) were included into the study. The diagnosis of COPD was defined according to GOLD guidelines. P50 and N100 measurements were taken, the suppression percentage of P50 and N100 was calculated.   Results:  COPD patients showed significantly less P50 and N100 suppression when compared to healthy controls. P50 suppression percentage mean was 43.82 ± 30.23 in COPD patients, and 65.21 ± 15.77 in controls (p=0.012). N100 suppression percentage was 35.56± 28.95 in COPD patients and 55.63 ± 31.66 in controls (p=0.042).   Conclusion:  We found reduced P50 and N100 suppression in COPD patients. This impairment is more clear in hypoxic COPD patients. Hypoxia leads to a decrease in cerebral perfusion and an impairment of some cognitive abilities. P50 sensory gating may be considered as a marker for cognitive decline in COPD patients. To our knowledge, this is the first P50 sensory gating study in COPD.
A Higher-Complex Carbohydrate Diet in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Achieves Glucose Targets and Lowers Postprandial Lipids: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Teri L. Hernandez, Rachael E. Van Pelt, Molly A. Anderson, Linda J. Daniels, Nancy A. West, William T. Donahoo, Jacob E. Friedman, Linda A. Barbour
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE The conventional diet approach to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) advocates carbohydrate restriction, resulting in higher fat (HF), also a substrate for fetal fat accretion and associated with maternal insulin resistance. Consequently, there is no consensus about the ideal GDM diet. We hypothesized that, compared with a conventional, lower-carbohydrate/HF diet (40% carbohydrate/45% fat/15% protein), consumption of a higher-complex carbohydrate (HCC)/lower-fat (LF) Choosing Healthy Options in Carbohydrate Energy (CHOICE) diet (60/25/15%) would result in 24-h glucose area under the curve (AUC) profiles within therapeutic targets and lower postprandial lipids. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using a randomized, crossover design, we provided 16 GDM women (BMI 34 ± 1 kg/m2) with two 3-day isocaloric diets at 31 ± 0.5 weeks (washout between diets) and performed continuous glucose monitoring. On day 4 of each diet, we determined postprandial (5 h) glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TGs), and free fatty acids (FFAs) following a controlled breakfast meal. RESULTS There were no between-diet differences for fasting or mean nocturnal glucose, but 24-h AUC was slightly higher (∼6%) on the HCC/LF CHOICE diet (P = 0.02). The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) revealed modestly higher 1- and 2-h postprandial glucose on CHOICE (1 h, 115 ± 2 vs. 107 ± 3 mg/dL, P ≤ 0.01; 2 h, 106 ± 3 vs. 97 ± 3 mg/dL, P = 0.001) but well below current targets. After breakfast, 5-h glucose and insulin AUCs were slightly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05), TG AUC was no different, but the FFA AUC was significantly lower (∼19%; P ≤ 0.01) on the CHOICE diet. CONCLUSIONS This highly controlled study randomizing isocaloric diets and using a CGMS is the first to show that liberalizing complex carbohydrates and reducing fat still achieved glycemia below current treatment targets and lower postprandial FFAs. This diet strategy may have important implications for preventing macrosomia.
THE VALUE OF BILATERAL URETEROSTOMY (SHORT-CIRCUITING OF THE URINE) IN ADVANCED CANCER OF THE BLADDER OR PROSTATE AND AS AN ADJUNCT TO THE REMOVAL OF THE BLADDER IN UNCONTROLLABLE LOCALIZED DISEASE
Authors: E. H. Fenwick
Journal: BMJ (1908)

MDBRLTJOHRNAL 2The way in which the infection was carried in this case is not clear.The case is also wor-thy of record 'for the uniusually large tumour below the left lower eyelid.From its appearance as well as from the feel of it it was diagnosed to be a sebaceous cyst.This was proved to be correct on its removal by operation.I am greatly indebted to my House-Surgeon, 'Mr.E. F.Finch, .M.B., for his careful observation of tisscaee, and for
Serial depletion and regeneration of the murine hematopoietic system. Implications for hematopoietic organization and the study of cellular aging
Authors: EAM Ross, N Anderson, HS Micklem
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The mouse hematopoietic system was subjected to repeated depletion and regeneration either by serial transfer of bone marrow cells through lethally irradiated recipients or by repeated treatment with the cycle-active drug hydroxyurea (HU). The capacity of surviving stem cells to proliferate and self-renew was assayed at intervals by two methods: (a) the spleen colony method; and (b) competitive repopulation of irradiated recipients using chromosome markers, with normal bone marrow cells as an internal control. The progressive decline in stem cell function that occurred during serial transfer of bone marrow and that had already begun after a single transfer was not seen during HU treatment; up to 25 pairs of HU injections given over more than 1 yr had no discernible effect on the number of stem cells present 3 wk after the final injection or on their capacity to self-renew. Within 2 d after exposure to HU, the average self-renewal capacity of surviving stem cells was enhanced. This implies that the drug selectively eliminates poorly self-renewing stem cells and hence that these enter cycle more readily than stem cells with a high self-replicative potential. However, the fact of being in cycle at the time of injection did not of itself affect self-renewal. The results show that serial transfer of bone marrow is not a valid method for studying clonal aging phenomena because it does not fulfill the assumptions on which such studies are based. No evidence was obtained for any intrinsic limitation in the capacity of bone marrow populations for repeated regeneration after HU-induced depletion. However, this does not necessarily imply that individual hematopoietic clones are capable of indefinite expansion because hematopoiesis may (as suggested by the relative resistance of highly self-replicative stem cells to mitogenic signals) proceed on the basis of clonal succession.
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides Are Related to Left Ventricular Mass and Function and Predict Mortality in Dialysis Patients
Authors: CARMINE ZOCCALI, FRANCESCA MALLAMACI, FRANCESCO ANTONIO BENEDETTO, GIOVANNI TRIPEPI, SAVERIO PARLONGO, ALESSANDRO CATALIOTTI, SEBASTIANO CUTRUPI, GIUSEPPE GIACONE, IGNAZIO BELLANUOVA, EMILIO COTTINI, LORENZO SALVATORE MALATINO
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. This study was designed to investigate the relationship among brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and left ventricular mass (LVM), ejection fraction, and LV geometry in a large cohort of dialysis patients without heart failure ( n = 246) and to test the prediction power of these peptides for total and cardiovascular mortality. In separate multivariate models of LVM, BNP and ANP were the strongest independent correlates of the LVM index. In these models, the predictive power of BNP was slightly stronger than that of ANP. Both natriuretic peptides also were the strongest independent predictors of ejection fraction, and again BNP was a slightly better predictor of ejection fraction than ANP. In separate multivariate Cox models, the relative risk of death was significantly higher in patients of the third tertile of the distribution of BNP and ANP than in those of the first tertile (BNP, 7.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.83 to 18.01, P = 0.00001]; ANP, 4.22 [95% CI, 1.79 to 9.92, P = 0.001]), and a similar difference was found for cardiovascular death (BNP, 6.72 [95% CI, 2.44 to 18.54, P = 0.0002]; ANP, 3.80 [95% CI, 1.44 to 10.03, P = 0.007]). BNP but not ANP remained as an independent predictor of death in a Cox's model including LVM and ejection fraction. Cardiac natriuretic peptides are linked independently to LVM and function in dialysis patients and predict overall and cardiovascular mortality. The measurement of the plasma concentration of BNP and ANP may be useful for risk stratification in these patients.
Obstetric Working Day
Authors: D. H. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The development and validation of a simple spectrophotometric method for the measurement of container-closure integrity of an oil-based product is reported. An oil soluble dye, D+C Green #6 (DCG6), common name Quinizarin Green, with an absorbance maximum at 648 nm was employed. The sensitivity of the method was 0.1 μg/mL corresponding to an absorbance of 0.002 AU which is three times the background absorbance level of 0.0006 AU. This concentration corresponds to dye ingress volumes of 0.1 microliter and 0.5 microliter for vial fill volumes of one milliliter and five milliliters, respectively. The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) of six vials spiked at 0.2 μg/mL of DCG6 ranged from 2.3% to 3.3%. Intermediate precision (RSD), as determined from 18 vials spiked at 0.2 μg/mL of DCG6 was 7.8%. The linearity of absorbance with respect to DCG6 concentration was measured over the range 0.1513 to 6.053 μg/mL and demonstrated a linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The method was shown to be specific for a sesame-based oil product, Haloperidol Decanoate Injection (HDI), at the wavelength of measurement.
Specific exercise effects of preventive neuromuscular training intervention on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk reduction in young females: meta-analysis and subgroup analysis
Authors: Dai Sugimoto, Gregory D Myer, Kim D Barber Foss, Timothy E Hewett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Clinical trials have demonstrated that preventive neuromuscular training (PNMT) can be effective to reduce ACL injuries in young females. However, the magnitude of the overall effect of PNMT for ACL injury reduction has not reached consensus. In addition, the effects of individual exercises in PNMT that optimise ACL injury reduction are unknown.The purpose of this project was to systematically review previously published clinical trials and evaluate types of exercises that best support ACL injury reduction in young females.The key words 'knee', 'anterior cruciate ligament', 'ACL', 'prospective', 'neuromuscular', 'training', 'female', and 'prevention' were used for studies published from 1995 to May 2012 in PubMed and EBSCO host.Inclusion criteria for the current analysis were: (1) documented number of ACL injuries, (2) employed a PNMT intervention that aimed to reduce ACL injuries, (3) had a comparison group, (4) used a prospective controlled study design, (5) recruited female athletes and (6) recorded exercises implemented in the PNMT.The number of ACL injuries and female athletes in each group (control and intervention) were extracted. In addition, exercises were categorised into four types and analysed for each investigation.A total of 14 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. The subgroup analyses identified fewer ACL injuries in PNMT that focused on strengthening (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.46, p=0.001), proximal control exercises (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.47, p=0.001) and multiple exercise interventions (OR 0.32, CI 0.22 to 0.46, p=0.001).The current subgroup analyses indicate strengthening, proximal control exercises and multi exercise genres increased efficacy in PNMT intervention designed to reduce ACL injury in young female athletes.