tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Initial report of RTOG 9601, a phase III trial in prostate cancer: Effect of anti-androgen therapy (AAT) with bicalutamide during and after radiation therapy (RT) on freedom from progression and incidence of metastatic disease in patients following radical prostatectomy (RP) with pT2-3,N0 disease and elevated PSA levels.
Authors: W. U. Shipley, D. Hunt, H. R. Lukka, P. Major, N. M. Heney, D. Grignon, M. Patel, J. Bahary, C. A. Lawton, H. M. Sandler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

1 Background: To test if long term AAT when combined with RT in these patients (pts) with prostate cancer (PC) will improve cancer control outcomes as well as overall survival (OS). Methods: Post-RP pts with pT3,N0 or with pT2,N0 (and positive margins) who have an elevated PSA were entered on a phase III, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of RT alone (64.8 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions) vs RT + AAT (24 months of bicalutamide, 150mg daily) during and after RT. The primary end point is OS. Results: From 3/98 to 3/03, 771 eligible pts (median age 65) were randomized to RT + AAT (387) or RT alone (383). Pretreatment characteristics were balanced. 672 (87%) had a PSA nadir after RP of &lt; 0.5 ng/mL. 655 (85%) had an entry PSA value of &lt;1.6, 115 (15%) had an entry PSA of 1.6-3.9. Median follow-up was 7.1 years. Actuarial OS at 7 years was 91% for RT + AAT and 86% for RT alone. Too few primary end-point events have occurred to allow a statistical comparison between groups. Freedom from PSA progression (FFP) at 7 years was 57% for RT + AAT and 40% for RT alone (P &lt; 0.0001); for 226 pts with GS &lt; 7 were 63% and 50% (P&lt;0.02), for 411 GS 7 these were 55% and 39% (P&lt;0.0006), and for 134 GS 8-10 were 56% and 26% (P &lt; 0.0008). The 7-yr cumulative incidence of metastatic PC was less in the RT and AAT arm, 7% vs 13% in the RT arm (p&lt;0.041). Late grade 3-4 toxicities were similar in both arms. By category the combined grade 3-4 toxicities for RT + AAT and RT alone were: bladder 6% vs 5% bowel 2% vs 1%, cardiac 3% vs 2%. Gynecomastia (mostly grades 1-2) differed significantly, 89% vs15%. In the RT + AAT arm grade 3 was the highest liver toxicity, which occurred in 3 pts. Conclusions: The addition of 24 months of bicalutamide 150 mg daily during and after RT significantly improved FFP and reduced the incidence of metastatic PC without adding significantly to RT toxicity. The significance of benefit in OS, as well analysis of risk-stratified subsets, wait longer follow-up. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Immune Cytolysis and X Irradiation: Independent Lethal Action in Chinese Hamster Cells &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: William U. Shipley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Cultured Chinese hamster cells were used to study the combined effect on cell killing of X irradiation and immune damage mediated by heterologous cytotoxic antiserum and complement. The loss of colony-forming ability was used as the assay of lethal damage. We found 1) cells sublethally irradiated with 600 rads were as susceptible to complement-mediated cytolysis as unirradiated cells, and 2) cells surviving immune cytolysis had X-ray survival curve characteristics similar to untreated cells. Thus, no interaction between these two forms of cell killing was demonstrated on combined treatment.
Consequences of bile salt biotransformations by intestinal bacteria
Authors: Jason M. Ridlon, Spencer C. Harris, Shiva Bhowmik, Dae-Joong Kang, Phillip B. Hylemon
Journal: Gut Microbes (2016)

Emerging evidence strongly suggest that the human "microbiome" plays an important role in both health and disease. Bile acids function both as detergents molecules promoting nutrient absorption in the intestines and as hormones regulating nutrient metabolism. Bile acids regulate metabolism via activation of specific nuclear receptors (NR) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The circulating bile acid pool composition consists of primary bile acids produced from cholesterol in the liver, and secondary bile acids formed by specific gut bacteria. The various biotransformation of bile acids carried out by gut bacteria appear to regulate the structure of the gut microbiome and host physiology. Increased levels of secondary bile acids are associated with specific diseases of the GI system. Elucidating methods to control the gut microbiome and bile acid pool composition in humans may lead to a reduction in some of the major diseases of the liver, gall bladder and colon.
Maternal DNA Methylation of TH17 Cytokine Genes in Second Half of Pregnancy Changes with Parity
Authors: Orpita Nilormee, Gabrielle A. Lockett, Sabrina Iqbal, John W. Holloway, Syed H. Arshad, Hongmei Zhang, Wilfried Karmaus
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Image-aided Suicide Gene Therapy Utilizing Multifunctional hTERT-targeting Adenovirus for Clinical Translation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yun-Hee Kim, Kyung Tae Kim, Sang-Jin Lee, Seung-Hee Hong, Ju Young Moon, Eun Kyung Yoon, Sukyoung Kim, Eun Ok Kim, Se Hun Kang, Seok Ki Kim, Sun Il Choi, Sung Ho Goh, Daehong Kim, Seong-Wook Lee, Mi Ha Ju, Jin Sook Jeong, In-Hoo Kim
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Trans-splicing ribozyme enables to sense and reprogram target RNA into therapeutic transgene and thereby becomes a good sensing device for detection of cancer cells, judging from transgene expression.Previously we proposed PEPCK-Rz-HSVtk (PRT), hTERT targeting trans-splicing ribozyme (Rz) driven by liver-specific promoter phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) with downstream suicide gene, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) gene therapy.Here, we describe success of a re-engineered adenoviral vector harboring PRT in obtaining greater antitumor activity with less off-target effect for clinical application as a theranostics.We introduced liver-selective apolipoprotein E (ApoE) enhancer to the distal region of PRT unit to augment activity and liver selectivity of PEPCK promoter, and achieved better transduction into liver cancer cells by replacement of serotype 35 fiber knob on additional E4orf1-4 deletion of E1&E3-deleted serotype 5 back bone.We demonstrated that our refined adenovirus harboring PEPCK/ApoE-Rz-HSVtk (Ad-PRT-E) achieved great anti-tumor efficacy and improved ability to specifically target HCC without damaging normal hepatocytes.We also showed noninvasive imaging modalities were successfully employed to monitor both how well a therapeutic gene (HSVtk) was expressed inside tumor and how effectively a gene therapy took an action in terms of tumor growth.Collectively, this study suggests that the advanced therapeutic adenoviruses Ad-PRT-E and its image-aided evaluation system may lead to the powerful strategy for successful clinical translation and the development of clinical protocols for HCC therapy.
Possible Airborne Person-to-Person Transmission of<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>— Nebraska 2014–2015
Authors: Bryan F. Buss, Alison Keyser-Metobo, Julie Rother, Laura Holtz, Kristin Gall, John Jereb, Caitlin N. Murphy, Peter C. Iwen, Suelee Robbe-Austerman, Melissa A. Holcomb, Pat Infield
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Mycobacterium bovis, one of several mycobacteria of the M. tuberculosis complex, is a global zoonotic pathogen that primarily infects cattle. Humans become infected by consuming unpasteurized dairy products from infected cows; possible person-to-person airborne transmission has also been reported. In April 2014, a man in Nebraska who was born in Mexico was determined to have extensive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) caused by M. bovis after experiencing approximately 3 months of cough and fever. Four months later, a U.S.-born Hispanic girl from a nearby town who had been ill for 4-5 months was also determined to have pulmonary TB caused by M. bovis. The only social connection between the two patients was attendance at the same church, and no common dietary exposure was identified. Both patients had pulmonary cavities on radiography and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on sputum-smear microscopy, indicators of being contagious. Whole-genome sequencing results of the isolates were nearly indistinguishable. Initial examination of 181 contacts determined that 39 (22%) had latent infection: 10 (42%) of 24 who had close exposure to either patient, 28 (28%) of 100 who were exposed to one or both patients in church, and one (2%) of 57 exposed to the second patient at a school. Latent infection was diagnosed in six contacts on follow-up examination, 2 months after an initial negative test result, for an overall latent infection rate of 25%. No infected contacts recalled consuming unpasteurized dairy products, and none had active TB disease at the initial or secondary examination. Persons who have M. bovis TB should be asked about consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, and contact investigations should follow the same guidance as for M. tuberculosis TB.
Abstract 115: Early Head Computed Tomography Findings Are Associated With Outcomes After Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Rebecca M Starling, Karuna Shekdar, Michael Fry, Vinay M Nadkarni, Robert A Berg, Alexis A Topjian
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Findings of hypoxia ischemia on head computed tomography (HCT) after out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) can be used to predict outcome. We hypothesize that loss of grey-white matter differentiation (GWM), basal cistern and sulcal effacement on early HCT after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from pediatric OHCA will be associated with mortality and unfavorable neurologic outcome. Children  3 (pre-existing severe neurologic dysfunction) were excluded. HCTs were interpreted by a Pediatric Neuroradiologist for loss of GWM (Hounsfield units (HU) at 4 locations), sulcal and basal cistern effacement and reversal sign. Association of mortality and unfavorable neurologic function (discharge PCPC >3 or PCPC change ≥1 from baseline) with HCT findings were by Wilcoxon rank sum, Fisher’s exact test, PPV and NPV. Seventy eight patients were evaluated. Median ...
Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Alterations in the Tracheobronchial System of Syrian Golden Hamsters&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J Althoff, R Wilson, U Mohr
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Diethylnitrosamine-induced alterations in the tracheobronchial system of Syrian golden hamsters were studied with semithin techniques. Hyperplasia and dysplasia of the epithelium seemed to precede papillary tumor development. These morphological patterns were repeated in the tumor epithelium. No evidence was found for metaplastic change to squamous epithelium either in the altered tracheobronchial or tumor epithelium.
Sucralfate in the Prevention of Treatment-Induced Diarrhea in Patients Receiving Pelvic Radiation Therapy: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase III Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: James A. Martenson, John W. Bollinger, Jeff A. Sloan, Paul J. Novotny, Rodolfo E. Urias, John C. Michalak, Thomas G. Shanahan, James A. Mailliard, Ralph Levitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: Randomized studies have suggested that sucralfate is effective in mitigating diarrhea during pelvic radiation therapy (RT). This North Central Cancer Treatment Group study was undertaken to confirm the antidiarrheal effect of sucralfate. Several other measures of bowel function were also assessed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients receiving pelvic RT to a minimum of 45 Gy at 1.7 to 2.1 Gy/d were eligible for the study. Patients were assigned randomly, in double-blind fashion, to receive sucralfate (1.5 g orally every 6 hours) or an identical looking placebo during pelvic RT. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three patients were randomly assigned and found assessable. Overall, there was no significant difference in patient characteristics between those receiving sucralfate and those receiving placebo. Moderate or worse diarrhea was observed in 53% of patients receiving sucralfate versus 41% of those receiving placebo. Compared with patients receiving placebo, more sucralfate-treated patients reported fecal incontinence (16% v 34%, respectively; P = .04) and need for protective clothing (8% v 23%, respectively; P = .04). The incidence and severity of nausea were worse among those taking sucralfate (P = .03). Analysis of patient-reported symptoms 10 to 12 months after RT showed a nonsignificant trend toward more problems in patients taking sucralfate than in those taking placebo (average, 2.3 v 1.9 problems, respectively; P = .34). CONCLUSION: Sucralfate did not decrease pelvic RT-related bowel toxicity by any of the end points measured and seems to have aggravated some gastrointestinal symptoms.
Emotional causes of sudden death
Authors: J E Dimsdale
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The author reviews concepts important to understanding the emotional causes of sudden death, which occurs in the psychological setting of hopelessness, powerlessness, and intense emotions. The cardiovascular system responds to stress in a way that makes sudden death more likely. Studies pertinent to the effect of stress on blood pressure and arrhythmia in animals and man indicate that sudden death as a response to stress can occur only when certain factors are present simultaneously. Collaboration between psychiatrists and cardiologists is necessary for further progress in this field.
Mining the human urine proteome for monitoring renal transplant injury
Authors: Tara K. Sigdel, Yuqian Gao, Jintang He, Anyou Wang, Carrie D. Nicora, Thomas L. Fillmore, Tujin Shi, Bobbie-Jo Webb-Robertson, Richard D. Smith, Wei-Jun Qian, Oscar Salvatierra, David G. Camp, Minnie M. Sarwal
Journal: Kidney International (2016)
US doctors' group seeks to block insurance company mergers
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The American Medical Association has called for the US Department of Justice to block two proposed mergers of large US health insurance companies, arguing that the deals would drive up premiums, limit patient choice, and harm patient care.

In one merger, Aetna, based in Hartford, Connecticut, would buy Humana, based in Louisville, Kentucky, for $37bn (£24bn; €34bn), creating a company that would have 33 million members. In the other, Anthem, based in Indianapolis, Indiana, would buy Cigna, based in Bloomfield, Connecticut, for $54bn, a deal that would expand its enrollment to 53 million. The companies argue that the mergers will help lower costs …
The USPSTF Position on Vision Screening of Adults—Seeing Is Believing?
Authors: Alfred Sommer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

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Relative susceptibilities of male germ cells to genetic defects induced by cancer chemotherapies
Authors: Andrew J. Wyrobek, Thomas E. Schmid, Francesco Marchetti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Some chemotherapy regimens include agents that are mutagenic or clastogenic in model systems. This raises concerns that cancer survivors, who were treated before or during their reproductive years, may be at increased risks for abnormal reproductive outcomes. However, the available data from offspring of cancer survivors are limited, representing diverse cancers, therapies, time-to-pregnancies, and reproductive outcomes. Rodent breeding data after paternal exposures to individual chemotherapeutic agents illustrate the complexity of factors that influence the risk for transmitted genetic damage including agent, dose, endpoint, and the germ-cell susceptibility profiles that vary across agents. Direct measurements of chromosomal abnormalities in sperm of mice and humans by sperm FISH have corroborated the differences in germ-cell susceptibilities. The available evidence suggests that the risk of producing chromosomally defective sperm is highest during the first few weeks after the end of chemotherapy, and decays with time. Thus, sperm samples provided immediately after the initiation of cancer therapies may contain treatment-induced genetic defects that will jeopardize the genetic health of offspring.
Immunoglobulin G Heavy-Chain Allotypes as Possible Genetic Markers for Human Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Y Nakao, H Matsumoto, T Miyazaki, S Watanabe, T Mukojima, R Kawashima, T Fujita, K Tsuji
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Serum samples from 343 unrelated, healthy Japanese, 194 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive healthy carriers, 96 patients with primary hepatoma, 91 patients with lung cancer, 94 patients with breast cancer, and 87 patients with gastric cancer were examined for IgG heavy-chain allotypes (Gm). The Gm phenotypes of the sera from patients with breast cancer exhibited a distribution similar to that of the normal controls. However, compared to that of normal controls, the Gm phenotype (1,2,21,13,15,16) was significantly increased in the patients with primary hepatoma(chi 2 (1) = 15.12, corrected P less than 0.01) and in the patients with lung cancer (chi 2 (1) = 10.97, corrected P less than 0.05). Compared to that of normal controls, the haplotype Gm 1,2,21 was significantly increased in the patients with primary hepatoma (chi 2 (1) = 22.34, corrected P less than 0.01). Increased frequency of Gm 1,2,21 in primary hepatoma was also significant compared to that of HBsAg-positive healthy carriers (chi 2 (1) = 9.25, corrected P less than 0.05).
Construction of a Human Platelet Alloantigen-1a Epitope(s) Within Murine Glycoprotein IIIa: Identification of Residues Critical to the Conformation of the Antibody Binding Site(s)
Authors: Emily A. Barron-Casella, Gaia Nebbia, Ophelia C. Rogers, Karen E. King, Thomas S. Kickler, James F. Casella
Journal: Blood (1999)
Collagen Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein in Human Platelets
Authors: Atsushi Oda, Hans D. Ochs, Brian J. Druker, Katsutoshi Ozaki, Chiaki Watanabe, Makoto Handa, Yoshitaka Miyakawa, Yasuo Ikeda
Journal: Blood (1998)
Brief Communication: Moloney Sarcoma Virus-Induced Tumors in Athymic (Nude) Mice: Growth Pattern and Antibody Responses
Authors: Stephen Davis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Tumor growth and antibody production were evaluated in nude (nu/nu) mice and their heterozygous normal (+/nu) littermates after inoculation of Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV). Sarcoma-bearing nude mice developed progressively growing tumors, whereas 53 percent of their normal counterparts showed tumor regressions. By indirect membrane fluorescence, significant amounts of IgG antibody to MSV could be detected in thymus-bearing but not in nude mice.
S-Nitroso Human Serum Albumin Versus Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in a chronic right ventricle volume overload model.
Authors: Alessio Rungatscher, Seth Hallstrom, Daniele Linardi, Elisabetta Milani, Maddalena Tessari, Giovanni Battista Luciani, Alessandro Mazzucco, Giuseppe Faggian
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Earlier diagnosis and international registries may improve outcomes in pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Laura C. Price, S. John Wort
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

We thank M. Merad and coworkers for their comments. Indeed there have been at least eight reported cases of pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) since ours was submitted in early 2015, including cases in other major respiratory journals [1], emphasising that PTTM may not be such a rare condition. Indeed, it is being increasingly recognised both by oncologists and pulmonary hypertension physicians alike. Of over two hundred case reports or series of PTTM now cited on PubMed, the majority relate to adenocarcinomas, mainly gastric in origin, but also oesophageal, colorectal, pancreatic or lung, and more rarely breast, bladder and ovarian. Autopsy studies suggest a prevalence of 3% in gastric cancer [2]. Despite increasing recognition, however, most cases remain a post mortem diagnosis. The presence of undiagnosed malignancy must therefore be borne in mind when physicians assess new cases of pulmonary hypertension. Earlier diagnosis and international registries may improve outcomes in pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy <http://ow.ly/V74EI>
Target: a Randomized, Phase Ii Trial Comparing Vintafolide Versus Vintafolide Plus Docetaxel, Versus Docetaxel Alone in Second-Line Treatment of Folate-Receptor-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc) Patients
Authors: N. Hanna, E. Juhász, C. Cainap, O. Gladkov, R. Ramlau, O. Juan-Vidal, R. Lal, J. Symanowski, W. Perez, B. Nguyen, W. Harb
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Long-Term Neuropsychological and Cardiac Follow-Up of Children and Adults Who Were Antenatal Exposed to Radiotherapy
Authors: F. Amant, T. Vandenbroucke, M. Verheecke, M.M. Gziri, S.N. Han, F. van den Heuvel, L. Lagae, M.A. Willemsen, L. Kapusta, P.B. Ottevanger, L. Mertens, L. Claes, K. van Calsteren
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)