tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanosensitive PPAP2B Regulates Endothelial Responses to Atherorelevant Hemodynamic Forces
Authors: Congqing Wu, Ru-Ting Huang, Cheng-Hsiang Kuo, Sandeep Kumar, Chan Woo Kim, Yen-Chen Lin, Yen-Ju Chen, Anna Birukova, Konstantin G. Birukov, Nickolai O. Dulin, Mete Civelek, Aldons J. Lusis, Xavier Loyer, Alain Tedgui, Guohao Dai, Hanjoong Jo, Yun Fang
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Rationale: PhosPhatidic Acid Phosphatase type 2B (PPAP2B), an integral membrane protein known as lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP3) that inactivates lysophosphatidic acid, was implicated in coronary artery disease (CAD) by genome-wide association studies. However, it is unclear whether genome-wide association studies–identified coronary artery disease genes, including PPAP2B , participate in mechanotransduction mechanisms by which vascular endothelia respond to local atherorelevant hemodynamics that contribute to the regional nature of atherosclerosis. Objective: To establish the critical role of PPAP2B in endothelial responses to hemodynamics. Methods and Results: Reduced PPAP2B was detected in vivo in mouse and swine aortic arch (AA) endothelia exposed to chronic disturbed flow, and in mouse carotid artery endothelia subjected to surgically induced acute disturbed flow. In humans, PPAP2B was reduced in the downstream part of carotid plaques where low shear stress prevails. In culture, reduced PPAP2B was measured in human aortic endothelial cells under atherosusceptible waveform mimicking flow in human carotid sinus. Flow-sensitive microRNA-92a and transcription factor KLF2 were identified as upstream inhibitor and activator of endothelial PPAP2B , respectively. PPAP2B suppression abrogated atheroprotection of unidirectional flow; inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 restored the flow-dependent, anti-inflammatory phenotype in PPAP2B-deficient cells. PPAP2B inhibition resulted in myosin light-chain phosphorylation and intercellular gaps, which were abolished by lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1/2 inhibition. Expression quantitative trait locus mapping demonstrated PPAP2B coronary artery disease risk allele is not linked to PPAP2B expression in various human tissues but significantly associated with reduced PPAP2B in human aortic endothelial cells. Conclusions: Atherorelevant flows dynamically modulate endothelial PPAP2B expression through miR-92a and KLF2. Mechanosensitive PPAP2B plays a critical role in promoting anti-inflammatory phenotype and maintaining vascular integrity of endothelial monolayer under atheroprotective flow.
The Response to Group Psychotherapy of Aged Recent Admissions Compared with Long-Term Mental Hospital Patients
Authors: ROBERT L. WOLK, ALVIN I. GOLDFARB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The effect of one year of group psychotherapy upon two types of geriatric patients in a state mental hospital was tested in a controlled study of long-term patients who had aged in the hospital, among whom a diagnosis of schizophrenia was prevalent, and recently admitted aged patients, among whom a diagnosis of chronic brain syndrome was prevalent. Improvement appeared to be more pronounced among the long-term patients, although the results indicated that group psychotherapy was beneficial to both groups.
Efficacy and safety of catheter ablation in octogenarians
Authors: Erica S Zado, David J Callans, Charles D Gottlieb, Steven P Kutalek, Sabrina L Wilbur, Fania L Samuels, Scott E Hessen, Colin M Movsowitz, John M Fontaine, Stephen E Kimmel, Francis E Marchlinski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
HEART RATE RECOVERY: AN INDICATOR OF FITNESS AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Daniel Simhaee, Roopa Gurm, Elizabeth A. Jackson, Susan Aaronson, Jean DuRussel-Weston, Catherine Fitzgerald, Shannon Flynn, Zachary Geiger, Nicole Corriveau, Julia Winfield, Caren Goldberg, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Contrast-Enhanced Multidetector Computed Tomography Viability Imaging After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Albert C. Lardo, Marco A.S. Cordeiro, Caterina Silva, Luciano C. Amado, Richard T. George, Anastasios P. Saliaris, Karl H. Schuleri, Veronica R. Fernandes, Menekhem Zviman, Saman Nazarian, Henry R. Halperin, Katherine C. Wu, Joshua M. Hare, Joao A.C. Lima
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— The ability to distinguish dysfunctional but viable myocardium from nonviable tissue has important prognostic implications after myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to validate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for quantifying myocardial necrosis, microvascular obstruction, and chronic scar after occlusion/reperfusion myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— Ten dogs and 7 pigs underwent balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by reperfusion. Contrast-enhanced (Visipaque, 150 mL, 325 mg/mL) MDCT (0.5 mm × 32 slice) was performed before occlusion and 90 minutes (canine) or 8 weeks (porcine) after reperfusion. MDCT images were analyzed to define infarct size/extent and microvascular obstruction and compared with postmortem myocardial staining (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) and microsphere blood flow measurements. Acute and chronic infarcts by MDCT were characterized by hyperenhancement, whereas regions of microvascular obstruction were characterized by hypoenhancement. MDCT infarct volume compared well with triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (acute infarcts 21.1±7.2% versus 20.4±7.4%, mean difference 0.7%; chronic infarcts 4.15±1.93% versus 4.92±2.06%, mean difference −0.76%) and accurately reflected morphology and the transmural extent of injury in all animals. Peak hyperenhancement of infarcted regions occurred ≈5 minutes after contrast injection. MDCT-derived regions of microvascular obstruction were also identified accurately in acute studies and correlated with reduced flow regions as measured by microsphere blood flow. Conclusions— The spatial extent of acute and healed myocardial infarction can be determined and quantified accurately with contrast-enhanced MDCT. This feature, combined with existing high-resolution MDCT coronary angiography, may have important implications for the comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular disease.
TLR5-Mediated Sensing of Gut Microbiota Is Necessary for Antibody Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Jason Z. Oh, Rajesh Ravindran, Benoit Chassaing, Frederic A. Carvalho, Mohan S. Maddur, Maureen Bower, Paul Hakimpour, Kiran P. Gill, Helder I. Nakaya, Felix Yarovinsky, R. Balfour Sartor, Andrew T. Gewirtz, Bali Pulendran
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Intracranial Hypotension Associated with Subdural Haematoma
Authors: J. M. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1953)

<h3>Aim</h3> Recent evidence suggests that an undetectable troponin level at emergency department (ED) presentation can rule out the presence of myocardial infarction (MI) in low-risk patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an undetectable troponin I (TnI) level at presentation using a contemporary troponin assay can accurately rule out MI at various front-door thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (fTIMI) score cut-offs. <h3>Methods</h3> Planned substudy of a prospective observational cohort study of patients presenting to ED with chest pain without ECG evidence of ischaemia who underwent a 'rule out' acute coronary syndrome process. Clinical, investigational and outcome data were collected. A contemporary TnI assay (Siemens TnI Ultra) was used. Primary outcome of interest was diagnostic accuracy for MI of undetectable initial TnI at presentation at various fTIMI scores (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV)). <h3>Results</h3> 1076 patients were studied, of whom 156 had a final diagnosis of MI (14.5%). For patients with undetectable TnI and fTIMI scores 0, 0–1, 0–2 and 0–6, sensitivities were 98.7%, 98.1%, 97.4% and 97.4%, respectively, specificities were 22.6%, 41.7%, 53.8% and 69.9%, respectively, and NPV were 99%, 99.2%, 99.2% and 99.4%, respectively. If early presenters (&lt;2 h of symptoms) were excluded, undetectable initial troponin had 100% sensitivity (95% CI 95.2% to 100%) and NPV (95% CI 98.8% to 100%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Using a contemporary TnI assay, undetectable initial TnI has high but not perfect sensitivity and NPV, unless early presenters are excluded. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> ACTRN12612000990820.
Defining prognostic factors in the elderly with community acquired pneumonia: a case controlled study of patients aged ≥75 yrs
Authors: W-S. Lim, J.T. Macfarlane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Severity assessment in the elderly with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) may be different compared with younger patients. In particular, age per se may not be of prognostic significance in older patients. A case-control study in 158 patients aged ≥75 yrs with CAP was conducted to determine the factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Cases were drawn from all patients aged ≥75 yrs with CAP who died in 1997 in five hospitals in the mid-Trent region of the UK (Nottingham City Hospital, University Hospital Nottingham, Derby Royal Infirmary, Derby City General Hospital and Kings Hill Hospital). Controls were randomly selected from survivors also aged ≥75 yrs. Factors associated with mortality were identified following a review of the medical casenotes and the contribution of these factors to mortality was determined using multivariate analysis. Absence of fever, tachycardia and chest radiograph features of bilateral involvement or an effusion were independently associated with mortality on multivariate analysis. The British Thoracic Society (BTS) severity rule was 50% sensitive and 64% specific in predicting death while the modified BTS rule displayed 67% sensitivity and 58% specificity. Age was not significantly associated with mortality in this group of patients aged ≥75 yrs. Similarly, the clinical features employed in the British Thoracic Society rule, namely respiratory rate, diastolic blood pressure and blood urea, were not of prognostic significance and the rule itself performed poorly. The modified British Thoracic Society rule performed better.
Time to pregnancy and sex of offspring: cohort study
Authors: Luc J M Smits, Rob A de Bie, Gerard G Essed, Piet A van den Brandt
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The proportions of X and Y chromosome bearing sperms in human semen are equal, but more boys than girls are born. Male embryos and fetuses have a greater risk of attrition in utero than their female counterparts, and therefore male excess is likely to be still larger at the time of conception. It remains unexplained, however, what is responsible, presumably at some point between insemination and conception, for the greater probability of Y bearing sperms fusing with the ovum. One hypothesis relates to experiments showing that Y bearing sperms swim faster than X bearing sperms in viscous fluids.1 For natural conception, human sperms have to penetrate cervical mucus, the viscosity of which varies among and within women.2 Since mucal viscosity also influences the probability of conception,2 we expected that natural conceptions that take longer to achieve are more likely to be male than quick conceptions. We tested our prediction by assessing the relation between time to pregnancy and sex of the offspring.

We …
Does All-Transretinoic Acid (ATRA) Have a Role in Non-APL Acute Myeloid Leukaemia?: Results from 1666 Patients in Three MRC Trials.
Authors: Alan K. Burnett, Donald Milligan, Robert K. Hills, Anthony H. Goldstone, Archie G. Prentice, Keith Wheatley, David C. Webb, Brenda Gibson
Journal: Blood (2004)
Dietary management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients: survey of current practice in United Kingdom
Authors: C. T Soulsby, M. Y Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In the early 1950s it was shown that some patients with cirrhosis given "nitrogenous substances," including excess dietary protein, developed hepatic "precoma." 1 These largely uncontrolled observations led to the introduction of dietary protein restriction to treat hepatic encephalopathy.Recent research has shown, however, that protein requirements are increased in these patients, 2 that high protein diets are well tolerated, and that their use, particularly in patients who are malnourished, is associated with sustained improvement in mental state. 3 4In response, the European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition has recommended that traditional protein restriction should be abandoned in patients with hepatic encephalopathy particularly as other effective treatments are available. 5 We undertook this survey to review the current dietary management of these patients in hospitals throughout the United Kingdom.
Late-breaking abstract: The effects and mechanism of adiponectin on inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Rong Yao, Yu Cao, Ya-rong He, Zhi Zeng, Zong-an Liang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction Pulmonary fibrosis is a common chronic lung disease which calls for more effective therapies. Accumulating evidence has suggested that adiponectin (APN) maybe a promising therapeutic option in fibrotic diseases.  Aims and objectives Here we aim to evaluate whether exogenous globular form of APN could protect against pulmonary fibrosis in paraquat (PQ) -treated mice and human lung fibroblasts.  Methods BalB/C mice were divided into four groups (Control group, PQ intoxication group, PQ + low dose APN group and PQ + high dose APN group) and sacrificed on day 3, 7, 14 and 21. Lung tissue and blood were collected and analyzed histologically and biochemically. Human lung fibroblasts WI-38 were divided into four groups (Control group, PQ intoxication group, APN group and AdipoR1 siRNA group) and collected for measurements at 24, 48 and 72 h after PQ stimulation.  Results PQ significantly increased the lung fibrosis scores, expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in blood, as well as TGF-β1 and a-SMA in lung tissue. Also, PQ significantly decreased cell viability and up-regulated the expression of a-SMA, Collagen type III in lung fibroblasts. All of these changes were remarkably inhibited by APN treatment in a dose-dependent manner. There are APN, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expressed by human WI-38 lung fibroblasts.The protective effects mediated by APN on PQ treated lung fibroblasts were abrogated by transfected with AdipoR1 siRNA.  Conclusions Overall, these studies indicated some protective effects of APN on PQ induced pulmonary fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner. There are APN and functional AdipoR1 expressed by human WI-38 lung fibroblasts, suggesting a potential application prospect of APN for lung fibrosis.
Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia caused by a mutation in the apolipoprotein B gene that results in a truncated species of apolipoprotein B (B-31). A unique mutation that helps to define the portion of the apolipoprotein B molecule required for the formation of buoyant, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Authors: S G Young, S T Hubl, R S Smith, S M Snyder, J F Terdiman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Apolipoprotein B-100 has a crucial structural role in the formation of VLDL and LDL. Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, a syndrome in which the concentration of LDL cholesterol in plasma is abnormally low, can be caused by mutations in the apo B gene that prevent the translation of a full-length apo B-100 molecule. Prior studies have revealed that truncated species of apo B [e.g., apo B-37 (1728 amino acids), apo B-46 (2057 amino acids)] can occasionally be identified in the plasma of subjects with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia; in each of these cases, the truncated apo B species has been a prominent protein component of VLDL. In this report, we describe a kindred with hypobetalipoproteinemia in which the plasma of four affected heterozygotes contained a unique truncated apo B species, apo B-31. Apolipoprotein B-31 is caused by the deletion of a single nucleotide in the apo B gene, and it is predicted to contain 1425 amino acids. Apolipoprotein B-31 is the shortest of the mutant apo B species to be identified in the plasma of a subject with hypobetalipoproteinemia. In contrast to longer truncated apo B species, apo B-31 was undetectable in the VLDL and the LDL; however, it was present in the HDL fraction and the lipoprotein-deficient fraction of plasma. The density distribution of apo B-31 in the plasma suggests the possibility that the amino-terminal 1425 amino acids of apo B-100 are sufficient to permit the formation and secretion of small, dense lipoproteins but are inadequate to support the formation of the more lipid-rich VLDL and LDL particles.
Effects of Cholecystokinin Tetrapeptide on Respiratory Function in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Jacques Bradwejn, Jean-Marc LeGrand, Diana Koszycki, Jason H.T. Bates, Michel Bourin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated respiratory response to cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4) in healthy volunteers. METHOD: Subjects were randomly assigned to either a CCK-4 (N=15) or placebo (N=15) challenge under double-blind conditions. RESULTS: Dyspnea was reported by all of the subjects who received CCK-4 but only one subject who received placebo. CCK-4 caused a significant increase in tidal volume and minute ventilation but had no effect on breathing frequency. Placebo had no effect on any of the respiratory measures. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the behavioral effects of CCK-4 are accompanied by changes in respiration in healthy volunteers. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:280–282)
Investigations of Patients of Health Care Workers Infected with HIV: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Database
Authors: Laurie M. Robert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To assess the risk for transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from an infected health care worker to patients. Design: Survey of investigators from health departments, hospitals, and other agencies who had elected to notify patients who had received care from health care workers infected with HIV. Measurements: Information was collected about infected health care workers, their work practices, their patients' HIV test results, procedures that they did on those of their patients who were tested for HIV, and patient notification procedures. Results: As of 1 January 1995, information about investigations of 64 health care workers infected with HIV was reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HIV test results were available for approximately 22 171 patients of 51 of the 64 health care workers. For 37 of the 51 workers, no seropositive patients were reported among 13 063 patients tested for HIV. For the remaining 14 health care workers, 113 seropositive patients were reported among 9108 patients. Epidemiologic and laboratory follow-up did not show any health care worker to have been a source of HIV for any of the patients tested. Conclusion: Despite limitations, these data are consistent with previous assessments that state that the risk for transmission of HIV from a health care worker to a patient is very small. These data also support current recommendations that state that retrospective patient notification need not be done routinely.
Breast Tumor Characteristics as Predictors of Mammographic Detection: Comparison of Interval- and Screen-Detected Cancers
Authors: P. L. Porter, A. Y. El-Bastawissi, M. T. Mandelson, M. G. Lin, N. Khalid, E. A. Watney, L. Cousens, D. White, S. Taplin, E. White
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: Although mammographic screening is useful for detecting early breast cancer, some tumors are detected in the interval between screening examinations. This study attempted to characterize fully the tumors detected in the two different manners. METHODS: Our study utilized a case-control design and involved a cohort of women undergoing mammographic screening within the defined population of a health maintenance organization (the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound). Women were classified as having "interval" or " interval-detected" cancers (n = 150) if their diagnosis was made within 24 months after a negative-screening mammogram or one that indicated a benign condition. Cancers were classified as "screen detected" (n = 279) if the diagnosis occurred after a positive assessment by screening mammography. Tumors from women in each group were evaluated for clinical presentation, histology, proliferative characteristics, and expression of hormone receptors, p53 tumor suppressor protein, and c-erbB-2 protein. RESULTS: Interval-detected cancers occurred more in younger women and were of larger tumor size than screen-detected cancers. In unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age and tumor size, tumors with lobular (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-4.2) or mucinous (OR = 5.5; 95% CI = 1.5-19.4) histology, high proliferation (by either mitotic count [OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.5-5.7] or Ki-67 antigen expression [OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3-4.1]), high histologic grade (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.2-4.0), high nuclear grade (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0-3.7), or negative estrogen receptor status (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0-3.1) were more likely to surface in the interval between screening examinations. Tumors with tubular histology (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.0-0.8) or with a high percentage of in situ components (50%) (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2-1.2) were associated with an increased likelihood of screen detection. CONCLUSIONS: Our data from a large group of women in a defined population indicate that screening mammography may miss tumors of lobular or mucinous histology and some rapidly proliferating, high-grade tumors.
Impaired osteoblastic differentiation, reduced bone formation, and severe osteoporosis in noggin-overexpressing mice
Authors: Xue-Bin Wu, Yanan Li, Adina Schneider, Wanqin Yu, Gopalan Rajendren, Jameel Iqbal, Matsuo Yamamoto, Mohammad Alam, Lisa J. Brunet, Harry C. Blair, Mone Zaidi, Etsuko Abe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

We describe the effects of the overexpression of noggin, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor, on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cells of the osteoblast and chondrocyte lineages, as well as bone marrow macrophages, showed intense β-gal histo- or cytostaining in adult noggin+/– mice that had a LacZ transgene inserted at the site of noggin deletion. Despite identical BMP levels, however, osteoblasts of 20-month-old C57BL/6J and 4-month-old senescence-accelerated mice (SAM-P6 mice) had noggin expression levels that were approximately fourfold higher than those of 4-month-old C57BL/6J and SAM-R1 (control) mice, respectively. U-33 preosteoblastic cells overexpressing the noggin gene showed defective maturation and, in parallel, a decreased expression of Runx-2, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and RANK-L. Noggin did not inhibit the ligandless signaling and pro-differentiation action of the constitutively activated BMP receptor type 1A, ca-ALK-3. Transgenic mice overexpressing noggin in mature osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts showed dramatic decreases in bone mineral density and bone formation rates with histological evidence of decreased trabecular bone and CFU-osteoblast colonies at 4 and 8 months. Together, the results provide compelling evidence that noggin, expressed in mature osteoblasts, inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Thus, the overproduction of noggin during biological aging may result in impaired osteoblast formation and function and hence, net bone loss.