tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Publishing collaborative studies between academics and industry
Authors: PJ Sterk, K Larsson, R Naeije, U Costabel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Research partnership During the last decade we have observed a large progress in biomedical research in general, and in the pulmonary field in particular. This is shown by the almost exponential increase in the quantity of published science, as well as by the obvious improvement of its overall quality. We are very pleased that this is certainly apparent from the current submissions to the European Respiratory Journal (ERJ). Presumably, one of the reasons for this favourable development is the improved exchange of information among scientists all over the world. This has been facilitated by modern communication techniques, and seems to have led to intensive and frank collaboration between different research groups and institutes. It has become evident that scientific achievements can no longer be made by a single department or laboratory very easily, and that strategic partnerships are usually required for solving today’s research questions. A major example of such a successful partnership is the apparent increase in collaborative studies of scientists from universities or hospitals with those from commercial institutes, such as the pharmaceutical industry. Given their partially distinct focus and experimental facilities, such co-operative efforts are often highly complementary, eventually being indispensable for treatment development. In this way the partnership is beneficial to both parties, allowing an enhanced progress of innovative in vitro and in vivo biomedical research. It cannot be ignored that in days of shrinking public resources for granting biomedical research, collaboration with the pharmaceutical industry is also of financial importance to the academic scientific community. Industrial sponsorship is increasingly mentioned in the papers submitted to e.g. the ERJ, and in the abstracts of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and American Thoracic Society (ATS) meetings. It is obvious that in publishing such research, both partners might have partially distinct objectives, varying between barely scientific to commercial intentions. We like to emphasize that the above developments can be regarded as favourable, provided that the mutual responsibilities in collaborative research projects have been clearly delineated in a formal contract. It is selfevident that such a contract between research partners should be in accordance with legal and ethical regulations, and with the standard rules generally obeyed by the scientific community.
<i>MET</i> Overexpression Turns Human Primary Osteoblasts into Osteosarcomas
Authors: Salvatore Patanè, Sofia Avnet, Nadia Coltella, Barbara Costa, Simone Sponza, Martina Olivero, Elisa Vigna, Luigi Naldini, Nicola Baldini, Riccardo Ferracini, Simona Corso, Silvia Giordano, Paolo M. Comoglio, Maria Flavia Di Renzo
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The MET oncogene was causally involved in the pathogenesis of a rare tumor, i.e., the papillary renal cell carcinoma, in which activating mutations, either germline or somatic, were identified. MET activating mutations are rarely found in other human tumors, whereas at higher frequencies, MET is amplified and/or overexpressed in sporadic tumors of specific histotypes, including osteosarcoma. In this work, we provide experimental evidence that overexpression of the MET oncogene causes and sustains the full-blown transformation of osteoblasts. Overexpression of MET, obtained by lentiviral vector–mediated gene transfer, resulted in the conversion of primary human osteoblasts into osteosarcoma cells, displaying the transformed phenotype in vitro and the distinguishing features of human osteosarcomas in vivo. These included atypical nuclei, aberrant mitoses, production of alkaline phosphatase, secretion of osteoid extracellular matrix, and striking neovascularization. Although with a lower tumorigenicity, this phenotype was superimposable to that observed after transfer of the MET gene activated by mutation. Both transformation and tumorigenesis were fully abrogated when MET expression was quenched by short-hairpin RNA or when signaling was impaired by a dominant-negative MET receptor. These data show that MET overexpression is oncogenic and that it is essential for the maintenance of the cancer phenotype. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4750-7)
Applicability and generalisability of published results of randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies evaluating four orthopaedic procedures: methodological systematic review
Authors: L. Pibouleau, I. Boutron, B. C Reeves, R. Nizard, P. Ravaud
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To compare the reporting of essential applicability data from randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies evaluating four new orthopaedic surgical procedures. <b>Data sources</b> Medline and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials. <b>Study selection</b> All articles of comparative studies assessing total hip or knee arthroplasty carried out by a minimally invasive approach or computer assisted navigation system. <b>Data extraction</b> Items judged to be essential for interpreting the applicability of findings about such procedures were identified by a survey of a sample of orthopaedic surgeons (77 of 512 completed the survey). Reports were evaluated for data describing these "essential" items and the number of centres and surgeons involved in the trials. When data on the number of centres and surgeons were not reported, the corresponding author of the selected trials was contacted. <b>Results </b>84 articles were identified (38 randomised controlled trials, 46 non-randomised studies). The median percentage (interquartile range) of essential items reported for non-randomised studies compared with randomised controlled trials was 38% (25-63%) versus 44% (38-45%) for items about patients, 71% (43-86%) versus 71% (57-86%) for items considered essential for all interventions, and 38% (25-50%) versus 50% (25-50%) for items about the context of care. More than 80% of both study types were single centre studies, with one or two participating surgeons. <b>Conclusion</b> The reporting of data related to the applicability of results was poor in published articles of both non-randomised studies and randomised controlled trials and did not differ by study design. The applicability of results from the trials and studies was similar in terms of number of centres and surgeons involved and the reproducibility of the intervention.
Recent Advances in the Molecular Biology of HTLV-1: Trans-Activation of Viral and Cellular Genes
Authors: M Yoshida, M Seiki
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1987)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-l) is the first human retrovirus to be well established (1, 2) and is associated with a unique T-cell malig­ nancy-adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) (3). Since the ATL and HTLV-l show the same geographic distribution (4, 5, 6) and patients with ATL are always infected with HTLV-I, it has been expected that HTLV-l would provide a direct clue to understanding the mechanism of tumorigenesis in humans. It was also expected that studies on HTLV-l would provide strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ATL. Studies on HTL V-I and the related viruses have progressed rapidly, largely as the result of technologies developed in research on animal retroviruses. New aspects of the retroviruses have been discovered, including a novel mech­ anism of leukemogenesis. This chapter reviews recent advances in the molecular biology of HTL V -1, focusing on the activation of viral and cellular gene expression.
Comparative Pharmacology of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and its Metabolite, 11-OH-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Authors: Louis Lemberger, Robert Martz, Bruce Rodda, Robert Forney, Howard Rowe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

A comparison of the psychologic and physiologic effects of intravenously administered Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) and 11-hydroxy-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Delta(9)-THC) was carried out in nine casual marihuana smokers. A marked tachycardia and psychologic "high" occurred within 3-5 min after the i.v. administration of 11-OH-Delta(9)-THC (1 mg) to all subjects. In contrast, the peak psychologic "high" was delayed 10-20 min after the i.v. administration of Delta(9)-THC (1 mg). There was some individual variation in response among subjects. Psychologic effects correlated well with plasma levels of unchanged [(3)H]11-OH-Delta(9)-THC. About 75% of the administered radioactive dose was excreted in urine (25%) and feces (50%) after [(3)H]11-OH-Delta(9)-THC administration. The disposition, excretion, and metabolism of [(3)H]11-OH-Delta(9)-THC appear to be similar to that previously reported after [(14)C]Delta(9)-THC administration. These findings, in conjunction with the marked psychologic high seen after 11-OH-Delta(9)-THC, suggest that in man, Delta(9)-THC, the active constituent in marihuana, is converted to 11-OH-Delta(9)-THC, which is in part responsible for the psychologic effects.
Magnetic gold-nanorod/ PNIPAAmMA nanoparticles for dual magnetic resonance and photoacoustic imaging and targeted photothermal therapy
Authors: Hung-Wei Yang, Hao-Li Liu, Meng-Lin Li, I-Wen Hsi, Chih-Tai Fan, Chiung-Yin Huang, Yu-Jen Lu, Mu-Yi Hua, Hsin-Yi Chou, Jiunn-Woei Liaw, Chen-Chi M. Ma, Kuo-Chen Wei
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Ultrastructure of the hyperhidrotic eccrine sweat gland
Authors: D.L. Bovell, M.T. Clunes, H.Y. Elder, J. Milsom, D. McEWAN JENKINSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Hyperhidrosis is the secretion of inappropriately large amounts of sweat by eccrine glands; it can be very debilitating. Little is known of the causes of primary hyperhidrosis. Objectives To determine whether the glands exhibit any structural abnormality in primary hyperhidrosis. Methods Skin biopsies were obtained from the axilla (n = 6) or neck (n = 2) of individuals aged 26–62 years with primary hyperhidrosis and from five age‐ and sex‐matched normal individuals, with informed consent and ethical committee approval. Samples were prepared by standard methods for light and electron microscopic examination. Results All characteristics observed in the hyperhidrotic specimens were consistent with the changes seen in normal glands following strong activation: degranulation of the granular (dark) cells, dilatation of the basolateral infoldings and the canaliculi of the non‐granular (clear) cells, contraction of the myoepithelial cells and thickening of the basal lamina, and presence of cellular debris including lipid droplets in the gland lumen. Pathological changes were not observed. Conclusions The present finding of the absence of structural defects in the glands indicates that future studies should concentrate on the investigation of neurohumoral or secretory cell metabolic abnormalities.
Transcriptional dissection of pancreatic tumors engrafted in mice
Authors: Raquel Martinez-Garcia, David Juan, Antonio Rausell, Manuel Muñoz, Natalia Baños, Camino Menéndez, Pedro P Lopez-Casas, Daniel Rico, Alfonso Valencia, Manuel Hidalgo
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

Engraftment of primary pancreas ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) in mice to generate patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models is a promising platform for biological and therapeutic studies in this disease. However, these models are still incompletely characterized. Here, we measured the impact of the murine tumor environment on the gene expression of the engrafted human tumoral cells. We have analyzed gene expression profiles from 35 new PDX models and compared them with previously published microarray data of 18 PDX models, 53 primary tumors and 41 cell lines from PDAC. The results obtained in the PDAC system were further compared with public available microarray data from 42 PDX models, 108 primary tumors and 32 cell lines from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We developed a robust analysis protocol to explore the gene expression space. In addition, we completed the analysis with a functional characterization of PDX models, including if changes were caused by murine environment or by serial passing. Our results showed that PDX models derived from PDAC, or HCC, were clearly different to the cell lines derived from the same cancer tissues. Indeed, PDAC- and HCC-derived cell lines are indistinguishable from each other based on their gene expression profiles. In contrast, the transcriptomes of PDAC and HCC PDX models can be separated into two different groups that share some partial similarity with their corresponding original primary tumors. Our results point to the lack of human stromal involvement in PDXs as a major factor contributing to their differences from the original primary tumors. The main functional differences between pancreatic PDX models and human PDAC are the lower expression of genes involved in pathways related to extracellular matrix and hemostasis and the up- regulation of cell cycle genes. Importantly, most of these differences are detected in the first passages after the tumor engraftment. Our results suggest that PDX models of PDAC and HCC retain, to some extent, a gene expression memory of the original primary tumors, while this pattern is not detected in conventional cancer cell lines. Expression changes in PDXs are mainly related to pathways reflecting the lack of human infiltrating cells and the adaptation to a new environment. We also provide evidence of the stability of gene expression patterns over subsequent passages, indicating early phases of the adaptation process.
Impact of Preoperative Aortic Root Diameter on Long-Term Aortic Valve Function After Valve Sparing Aortic Root Reimplantation
Authors: R. G. Leyh, K. Kallenbach, M. Karck, C. Hagl, S. Fischer, A. Haverich
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Valve sparing aortic root reimplantation technique in patients with aortic root aneurysm have shown excellent mid-term results. In conjunction with the diameter of the aortic root the mechanical leaflet stress increase, which might have an impact on long-term aortic valve function after valve sparing aortic root reimplantation.From July 1993 to October 2001, 168 patients with aortic root aneurysm underwent valve sparing aortic root reimplantation. Patients with type A aortic dissection were excluded. Thus, 123 patients were analyzed. We identified 47 patients with an preoperative aortic root diameter exceeding 60 mm (group A), 58 patients with an diameter between 50 and 60 mm (group B), and 18 patients with a diameter less than 50 mm (group C). The groups were compared regarding mortality, long-term survival, freedom from reoperation, freedom from severe and moderate aortic valve insufficiency (AI), and postoperative morbidity. Mean follow-up (group A 43+/-26 months, group B 40+/-25 months, group C 23+/-19 months; group C versus group A, P=0.005; group C versus group B, P=0.011) was shorter in group C. Perioperative mortality (group A 2.2%, group B 1.9%, group C 5.2%; P=ns) was comparable between the groups with each one patient. The 3-year survival for group A was 98+/-2%, for group B 96+/-3%, and for group C 100+/-0% (P=ns). Freedom from reoperation for group A was 98+/-2%, for group B 96+/-3%, and for group C 88+/-8% (P=ns). Four patients developed severe or moderate AI, thus freedom from severe and moderate AI for group A was 100+/-0%, for group B 88+/-8%, and for group C 94+/-5% (P=ns). During follow-up no thromboembolic or bleeding events were noticed.Our data show that the preoperative diameter of the aortic root has no impact on the longevity of the repair. Thus, the reimplantation technique can be recommended for all patients presenting with an aortic root aneurysm and normal leaflets regardless of the aortic root diameter.
AACE Response to Viewpoint of December 9, 2013
Authors: Alan J. Garber, Daniel Einhorn, Jeffrey I. Mechanick
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

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UEFA injury study: a prospective study of hip and groin injuries in professional football over seven consecutive seasons
Authors: J Werner, M Hägglund, M Waldén, J Ekstrand
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Background: Groin injury is a common injury in football and a complicated area when it comes to diagnosis and therapy. There is a lack of comprehensive epidemiological data on groin injuries in professional football. Objective: To investigate the incidence, pattern and severity of hip and groin injuries in professional footballers over seven consecutive seasons. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: European professional football. Methods: During the 2001/2 to 2007/8 seasons, between nine and 17 clubs per season (23 clubs in total) were investigated, accounting for 88 club seasons in total. Time loss injuries and individual exposure during club and national team training sessions and matches were recorded. Main outcome measure: Injury incidence. Results: A total of 628 hip/groin injuries were recorded, accounting for 12–16% of all injuries per season. The total injury incidence was 1.1/1000 h (3.5/1000 match hours vs 0.6/1000 training hours, p&lt;0.001) and was consistent over the seasons studied. Eighteen different diagnostic entities were registered, adductor (n = 399) and iliopsoas (n = 52) related injuries being the most common. More than half of the injuries (53%) were classified as moderate or severe (absence of more than a week), the mean absence per injury being 15 days. Reinjuries accounted for 15% of all registered injuries. In the 2005/6 to 2007/8 seasons, 41% of all diagnoses relied solely on clinical examination. Conclusions: Hip/groin injuries are common in professional football, and the incidence over consecutive seasons is consistent. Hip/groin injuries are associated with long absences. Many hip/groin diagnoses are based only on clinical examination.
Noninvasive measurement of respiratory muscle performance after exhaustive endurance exercise
Authors: C. Perret, R. Pfeiffer, U. Boutellier, H.M. Wey, C.M. Spengler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The use of noninvasive techniques to measure respiratory muscle performance after different types of endurance exercise has not been entirely successful, as the results have not consistently indicated diminished performance for similar types of exercise. The aim of the present study was 1) to compare different, noninvasive methods to assess respiratory muscle performance before and after an exhaustive cycling endurance test (which has previously been shown to induce diaphragmatic fatigue) and 2) to determine which of the tests best reflect published results of measurements of diaphragmatic fatigue. Twelve healthy subjects participated in the study and performed three different test series in a random order on three different days. These tests were performed before, and 5, 40 and 75 min after an exhausting task (a cycling endurance run at 85% of maximal oxygen uptake (V9O2,max)). The tests of the three test series were 1) breathing against a constant inspiratory resistance to task failure, 2) determination of 12-min sustained ventilatory capacity, and 3) spirometric and maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure measurements. The only measurement that was affected by exhaustive cycling was the time to task failure breathing against inspiratory resistance. It was significantly reduced from (mean+/-sD) 364+/-88 s before exercise to 219+/-122 s at 5 min after cessation of exercise. It is concluded that the constant-load resistive breathing test to task failure is the only noninvasive respiratory muscle performance test evaluated in this study which shows a decrease in respiratory muscle performance after exhaustive endurance exercise.
Acute surgical abdomen--an atypical presentation of Plasmodium vivax malaria
Authors: S. Gopisetty, J. Sarveswaran, R. Achuthan, J Davies, J R Ausobsky
Journal: Gut (2007)

A search of the existing literature did not identify any previously reported cases of acute abdomen as atypical features of vivax malaria. The case presented here illustrates the ubiquitous nature of this disease with its unusual clinical manifestations in the UK.

A 51-year-old Asian man presented to the acute surgical admissions unit with a 1 week history of left iliac fossa pain, malaise and non-bilious vomiting. No other bowel or urinary symptoms were present. His medical history included asthma, which was well controlled with inhalers. He had no history of any previous abdominal surgery.

On examination, he was found to be clammy and to have dry mucosal surfaces. Initial observations recorded a temperature of 40.1°C and a regular pulse of 133 …
Breast Milk Oligosaccharides: Structure-Function Relationships in the Neonate
Authors: Jennifer T. Smilowitz, Carlito B. Lebrilla, David A. Mills, J. Bruce German, Samara L. Freeman
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2014)

In addition to providing complete postnatal nutrition, breast milk is a complex biofluid that delivers bioactive components for the growth and development of the intestinal and immune systems. Lactation is a unique opportunity to understand the role of diet in shaping the intestinal environment including the infant microbiome. Of considerable interest is the diversity and abundance of milk glycans that are energetically costly for the mammary gland to produce yet indigestible by infants. Milk glycans comprise free oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and glycolipids. Emerging technological advances are enabling more comprehensive, sensitive, and rapid analyses of these different classes of milk glycans. Understanding the impact of inter- and intraindividual glycan diversity on function is an important step toward interventions aimed at improving health and preventing disease. This review discusses the state of technology for glycan analysis and how specific structure-function knowledge is enhancing our understanding of early nutrition in the neonate.