tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Functional Paradox of CD43 in Leukocyte Recruitment: A Study Using CD43-deficient Mice
Authors: Richard C. Woodman, Brent Johnston, Michael J. Hickey, Diane Teoh, Paul Reinhardt, Betty Y. Poon, Paul Kubes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Although there is considerable evidence implicating a role for CD43 (leukosialin) in leukocyte cell–cell interactions, its precise function remains uncertain. Using CD43-deficient mice (CD43−/−) and intravital microscopy to directly visualize leukocyte interactions in vivo, we investigated the role of CD43 in leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions within the cremasteric microcirculation under flow conditions. Our studies demonstrated significantly enhanced leukocyte rolling and adhesion after chemotactic stimuli in CD43−/− mice compared with wild type mice. Using an in vitro flow chamber, we established that the enhanced rolling interactions of CD43−/− leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, were also observed using immobilized E-selectin as a substrate, suggesting that passive processes related to steric hindrance or charge repulsion were likely mechanisms. Despite increased adhesion and rolling interactions by CD43−/− leukocytes, we uncovered a previously unrecognized impairment of CD43−/− leukocytes to infiltrate tissues. Oyster glycogen–induced neutrophil and monocyte infiltration into the peritoneum was significantly reduced in CD43−/− mice. In response to platelet activating factor, CD43−/− leukocytes were impaired in their ability to emigrate out of the vasculature. These results suggest that leukocyte CD43 has a dual function in leukocyte–endothelial interactions. In addition to its role as a passive nonspecific functional barrier, CD43 also facilitates emigration of leukocytes into tissues.
Childhood Abuse, Household Dysfunction, and the Risk of Attempted Suicide Throughout the Life Span
Authors: S R Dube, R F Anda, V J Felitti, D P Chapman, D F Williamson, W H Giles
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextSuicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, but identifying persons at risk is difficult. Thus, the US surgeon general has made suicide prevention a national priority. An expanding body of research suggests that childhood trauma and adverse experiences can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes, including attempted suicide among adolescents and adults.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between the risk of suicide attempts and adverse childhood experiences and the number of such experiences (adverse childhood experiences [ACE] score).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study of 17 337 adult health maintenance organization members (54% female; mean [SD] age, 57 [15.3] years) who attended a primary care clinic in San Diego, Calif, within a 3-year period (1995-1997) and completed a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction, suicide attempts (including age at first attempt), and multiple other health-related issues.Main Outcome MeasureSelf-reported suicide attempts, compared by number of adverse childhood experiences, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; household substance abuse, mental illness, and incarceration; and parental domestic violence, separation, or divorce.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of having at least 1 suicide attempt was 3.8%. Adverse childhood experiences in any category increased the risk of attempted suicide 2- to 5-fold. The ACE score had a strong, graded relationship to attempted suicide during childhood/adolescence and adulthood (P&lt;.001). Compared with persons with no such experiences (prevalence of attempted suicide, 1.1%), the adjusted odds ratio of ever attempting suicide among persons with 7 or more experiences (35.2%) was 31.1 (95% confidence interval, 20.6-47.1). Adjustment for illicit drug use, depressed affect, and self-reported alcoholism reduced the strength of the relationship between the ACE score and suicide attempts, suggesting partial mediation of the adverse childhood experience–suicide attempt relationship by these factors. The population-attributable risk fractions for 1 or more experiences were 67%, 64%, and 80% for lifetime, adult, and childhood/adolescent suicide attempts, respectively.ConclusionsA powerful graded relationship exists between adverse childhood experiences and risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span. Alcoholism, depressed affect, and illicit drug use, which are strongly associated with such experiences, appear to partially mediate this relationship. Because estimates of the attributable risk fraction caused by these experiences were large, prevention of these experiences and the treatment of persons affected by them may lead to progress in suicide prevention.
Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab in Recurrent or Persistent Endometrial Cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Carol Aghajanian, Michael W. Sill, Kathleen M. Darcy, Benjamin Greer, D. Scott McMeekin, Peter G. Rose, Jacob Rotmensch, Mack N. Barnes, Parviz Hanjani, Kimberly K. Leslie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), has clinical activity in multiple tumor types. We conducted a phase II trial to assess the activity and tolerability of single-agent bevacizumab in recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer (EMC).
Integrating the Time Factor Into the Definition of Metastasis of Unknown Origin
Authors: I. BARISTA, I. CELIK, I. GULLU, M. HAYRAN, M. AKOVA
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

Patients with cancer of unknown primary site are common, representing 5%10% of all cancer patients (7). Combination chemotherapy, often used with surgery or radiation therapy, has proved to be potentially curative for several metastatic tumors of known primary site. Likewise, some patients with metastasis of unknown origin (MUO) also have responsive neoplasms and could be treated successfully (2,3). There is no doubt that, unless the primary tumor is promptly diagnosed and treated, most of these cases will have a rapid downhill course. Therefore, time is also an important factor in the workup and management of these patients.
Successful Treatment of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Septicemia Following Total Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: JAMES B. LITTLEFIELD, WILLIAM H. MULLER, J. FRANCIS DAMMANN
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The successful treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia in a 24-year-old patient by antibiotic therapy, reoperation, and insertion of a new aortic valve prosthesis three weeks after total aortic valve replacement is reported. This patient also presented other interesting features. She had a Hufnagel valve inserted for severe aortic insufficiency in December, 1955; a Teflon subcoronary, tricuspid, cage prosthesis replaced her destroyed aortic valve in April, 1960; and two Starr-Edwards aortic valve prostheses were inserted during September and October, 1963. The patient is clinically well 12 months after her last operation.
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung in a patient withsilicosis
Authors: J.C. Ho, W.K. Lam, G.C. Ooi, M.P. Wong, J.C. Lam, M.S. Ip, K.W.T. Tsang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Silicosis is an important form of pneumoconiosis, which is caused by significant exposure to crystalline silica. The carcinogenicity of silica, despite traditional beliefs, in relation to lung cancer has been controversial. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung, an Epstein-Barr virus-associated undifferentiated carcinoma, is a rare entity of pulmonary malignancy, which tends to affect young nonsmoking Asians. The first case of silicosis, initially complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis, which later developed into advanced lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung is reported. A combination of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and calcium folinate resulted in partial tumour response.
Granulocyte Function in Women With Diabetes and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
Authors: Daniela Balasoiu, Kok C van Kessel, Hennie J van Kats-Renaud, Theo J Collet, Andy I Hoepelman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To study whether diabetic women with asymptomatic bacteriuria have impaired granulocyte function and compare them with nonbacteriuric diabetic women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prevalence study with granulocyte function testing in a randomly selected number of patients was conducted; the setting was the university. The patients consisted of 63 women visiting the outpatient clinic for routine control of their diabetes. Measurements of routine blood controls and urine cultures were conducted in all patients. Granulocyte function testing (chemotaxis, opsonization, oxidative burst, phagocytosis, and killing) was performed in the first 20 patients (10 with and 10 without asymptomatic bacteriuria) and in 7 healthy control subjects. RESULTS The prevalence of bacteriuria was 32%. Demographic characteristics were not significantly different between bacteriuric and nonbacteriuric women. Leukocytes were found more often in the urine of bacteriuric women (P &amp;lt; 0.05). No differences in any of the granulocyte function tests were documented among diabetic women with true asymptomatic bacteriuria, nonbacteriuric women, and healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria is increased in women with diabetes. Granulocyte function impairment, however, cannot be the explanation for this finding.
Prevalence of and factors associated with non-partner rape perpetration: findings from the UN Multi-country Cross-sectional Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific
Authors: Rachel Jewkes, Emma Fulu, Tim Roselli, Claudia Garcia-Moreno
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2013)

Rape perpetration is under-researched. In this study, we aimed to describe the prevalence of, and factors associated with, male perpetration of rape of non-partner women and of men, and the reasons for rape, from nine sites in Asia and the Pacific across six countries: Bangladesh, China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Sri Lanka.In this cross-sectional study, undertaken in January 2011-December 2012, for each site we chose a multistage representative sample of households and interviewed one man aged 18-49 years from each. Men self-completed questions about rape perpetration. We present multinomial regression models of factors associated with single and multiple perpetrator rape and multivariable logistic regression models of factors associated with perpetration of male rape with population-attributable fractions.We interviewed 10,178 men in our study (815-1812 per site). The prevalence of non-partner single perpetrator rape varied between 2·5% (28/1131; rural Bangladesh) and 26·6% (225/846; Bougainville, Papua New Guinea), multiple perpetrator rape between 1·4% (18/1246; urban Bangladesh) and 14·1% (119/846; Bougainville, Papua New Guinea), and male rape between 1·5% (13/880; Jayapura, Indonesia) and 7·7% (65/850; Bougainville, Papua New Guinea). 57·5% (587/1022) of men who raped a non-partner committed their first rape as teenagers. Frequent reasons for rape were sexual entitlement (666/909; 73·3%, 95% CI 70·3-76·0), seeking of entertainment (541/921; 58·7%, 55·0-62·4), and as a punishment (343/905; 37·9%, 34·5-41·4). Alcohol was a factor in 249 of 921 cases (27·0%, 95% CI 24·2-30·1). Associated factors included poverty, personal history of victimisation (especially in childhood), low empathy, alcohol misuse, masculinities emphasising heterosexual performance, dominance over women, and participation in gangs and related activities. Only 443 of 1933 men (22·9%, 95% CI 20·7-25·3) who had committed rape had ever been sent to prison for any period.Rape perpetration committed by men is quite frequent in the general population in the countries studied, as it is in other countries where similar research has been undertaken, such as South Africa. Prevention of rape is essential, and interventions must focus on childhood and adolescence, and address culturally rooted male gender socialisation and power relations, abuse in childhood, and poverty.Partners for Prevention--a UN Development Programme, UN Population Fund, UN Women, and UN Volunteers regional joint programme for gender-based violence prevention in Asia and the Pacific; UN Population Fund Bangladesh and China; UN Women Cambodia and Indonesia; United Nations Development Programme in Papua New Guinea and Pacific Centre; and the Governments of Australia, the UK, Norway, and Sweden.
The Challenges of Chagas Disease— Grim Outlook or Glimmer of Hope?
Authors: Rick L Tarleton, Richard Reithinger, Julio A Urbina, Uriel Kitron, Ricardo E Gürtler
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Through its impact on worker productivity, premature disability, and death, Chagas disease accounts for 670,000 disability-adjusted life years per annum [1]. This makes it the most important parasitic disease of the Americas. It is both a disease of poverty (Figures 1 and ​and2)2) and, like other neglected tropical diseases, also “poverty promoting” [2]. Traditionally confined to Latin America, Chagas disease is becoming an important health issue in the United States and Europe. First, due to the continuous influx of immigrants from disease-endemic countries in Latin America, a proportion of whom are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, an increasing number of infected subjects are seen in clinical practice, whether, for example, through routine screening of US blood and organ banks [3] or physicians' offices in Europe [4]. The appearance of T. cruzi in US blood banks led to the implementation of the first Food and Drug Administration–approved diagnostic blood screening test for Chagas disease earlier this year [5]. Second, an increasing number of autochthonous Chagas disease cases have been reported in the US [6,7], which may mirror the increased reporting of T. cruzi infection in domestic animals and wildlife. Recognizing that Chagas disease can no longer be considered an “exotic” disease in the US, the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene held a clinical course in Chagas disease prior to its 2007 annual meeting (http://www.astmh.org/meetings/premeeting.cfm#clinical).



Figure 1

Chagas Disease Is Closely Linked to Poverty and Socioeconomic Development, and Poor Housing In Particular





Figure 2

Interior of House Showing the Type of Wall Construction Often Found in Households in Many Endemic Areas



Despite estimates of up to 15 million existing cases and 50,000–200,000 new infections per year, funding for research, prevention, and control has been limited, and therapeutic options remain unsatisfactory. Consequently, several editorials and perspectives have recently drawn attention to Chagas disease and T. cruzi [8–10]. While these papers highlighted the impact of this disease on public health in the Americas, and rightly pointed out that major achievements have been made in its control, they failed to emphasize several key challenges that are currently undermining these achievements and that must be urgently addressed in order to move to the next stage: ensuring the long-term and sustainable control of this devastating disease.
Control of arteriolar resistance in heart failure. Partial attenuation of specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor-mediated vasodilation by digitalis glycosides.
Authors: G Jondeau, M Klapholz, S D Katz, M Maher, M Galvao, P Levato, T H LeJemtel
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The vasodilatory response to local specific type III phosphodiesterase inhibition with amrinone was evaluated before and immediately after local administration of digoxin in 14 patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS AND RESULTS A 3F polyethylene catheter was inserted into the common femoral artery for drug administration and pressure monitoring. Mean blood flow velocity (MBFV) was continuously determined in the superficial femoral artery by transcutaneous Doppler ultrasonography. After intra-arterial administration of 10 mg amrinone, group MBFV increased from 7.7 +/- 1.4 to 16.0 +/- 2.1 cm/sec (p less than 0.05, n = 10). Local administration of 20 micrograms digoxin, which was infused over 20 minutes, did not alter group MBFV (i.e., 8.2 +/- 1.6 versus 7.6 +/- 1.5 cm/sec; p = NS, n = 10). The second administration of 10 mg amrinone, which immediately followed completion of local digoxin infusion, increased group MBFV but to a lesser extent than that produced by the first amrinone administration (i.e., 11.9 +/- 1.9 versus 16.0 +/- 2.1 cm/sec; p less than 0.05, n = 10). When placebo was administered instead of digoxin, group MBFV was similar after the first and second administrations of amrinone (i.e., 15.3 +/- 3.3 versus 15.6 +/- 3.8 cm/sec; p = NS, n = 4). CONCLUSIONS Although local administration of digoxin did not significantly alter baseline vascular tone in patients with CHF, it substantially decreased the direct vasodilatory effect induced by specific type III phosphodiesterase with amrinone.
Detection of<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>in unexplained pulmonary hypertension
Authors: D. Theegarten, O. Anhenn, S. Aretz, M. Maass, G. Mogilevski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The pathogenesis of primary pulmonary hypertension is still unclear. The case of a 68-yr-old female patient who complained of recurrent dizzy spells and collapses over a period of 6 weeks and died of global cardiac failure is presented. Autopsy revealed severe pulmonary hypertension, slight chronic bronchitis, and bronchiolitis as well as intra-alveolar accumulation of macrophages. Chlamydiae were detected within the pulmonary arteries and in intramural and intra-alveolar macrophages by immunofluorescence, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nonradioactive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization of PCR products from pulmonary arteries revealed Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA. Chlamydia pneumoniae has already been detected in atherosclerosis and in pulmonary emphysema. It can induce proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Chlamydia pneumoniae might be relevant in aggravation of primary pulmonary hypertension and might perhaps be a trigger factor in some cases.
Identification and Molecular Characterization of Nkp30, a Novel Triggering Receptor Involved in Natural Cytotoxicity Mediated by Human Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Daniela Pende, Silvia Parolini, Anna Pessino, Simona Sivori, Raffaella Augugliaro, Luigia Morelli, Emanuela Marcenaro, Laura Accame, Angela Malaspina, Roberto Biassoni, Cristina Bottino, Lorenzo Moretta, Alessandro Moretta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Two major receptors involved in human natural cytotoxicity, NKp46 and NKp44, have recently been identified. However, experimental evidence suggested the existence of additional such receptor(s). In this study, by the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we identified NKp30, a novel 30-kD triggering receptor selectively expressed by all resting and activated human natural killer (NK) cells. Although mAb-mediated cross-linking of NKp30 induces strong NK cell activation, mAb-mediated masking inhibits the NK cytotoxicity against normal or tumor target cells. NKp30 cooperates with NKp46 and/or NKp44 in the induction of NK-mediated cytotoxicity against the majority of target cells, whereas it represents the major triggering receptor in the killing of certain tumors. This novel receptor is associated with CD3ζ chains that become tyrosine phosphorylated upon sodium pervanadate treatment of NK cells. Molecular cloning of NKp30 cDNA revealed a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, characterized by a single V-type domain and a charged residue in the transmembrane portion. Moreover, we show that NKp30 is encoded by the previously identified 1C7 gene, for which the function and the cellular distribution of the putative product were not identified in previous studies.
Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Provides Effective Cardiac Risk Reclassification in Patients With Known or Suspected Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ravi Shah, Bobak Heydari, Otavio Coelho-Filho, Venkatesh L. Murthy, Siddique Abbasi, Jiazhuo H. Feng, Michael Pencina, Tomas G. Neilan, Judith L. Meadows, Sanjeev Francis, Ron Blankstein, Michael Steigner, Marcelo di Carli, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Raymond Y. Kwong
Journal: Circulation (2013)

A recent large-scale clinical trial found that an initial invasive strategy does not improve cardiac outcomes beyond optimized medical therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Novel methods to stratify at-risk patients may refine therapeutic decisions to improve outcomes.In a cohort of 815 consecutive patients referred for evaluation of myocardial ischemia, we determined the net reclassification improvement of the risk of cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (major adverse cardiac events) incremental to clinical risk models, using guideline-based low (<1%), moderate (1% to 3%), and high (>3%) annual risk categories. In the whole cohort, inducible ischemia demonstrated a strong association with major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio=14.66; P<0.0001) with low negative event rates of major adverse cardiac events and cardiac death (0.6% and 0.4%, respectively). This prognostic robustness was maintained in patients with previous coronary artery disease (hazard ratio=8.17; P<0.0001; 1.3% and 0.6%, respectively). Adding inducible ischemia to the multivariable clinical risk model (adjusted for age and previous coronary artery disease) improved discrimination of major adverse cardiac events (C statistic, 0.81-0.86; P=0.04; adjusted hazard ratio=7.37; P<0.0001) and reclassified 91.5% of patients at moderate pretest risk (65.7% to low risk; 25.8% to high risk) with corresponding changes in the observed event rates (0.3%/y and 4.9%/y for low and high risk posttest, respectively). Categorical net reclassification index was 0.229 (95% confidence interval, 0.063-0.391). Continuous net reclassification improvement was 1.11 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.39).Stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging effectively reclassifies patient risk beyond standard clinical variables, specifically in patients at moderate to high pretest clinical risk and in patients with previous coronary artery disease.http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01821924.
Novel and recurrent mutations in the filaggrin gene in Chinese patients with ichthyosis vulgaris
Authors: X. Zhang, S. Liu, X. Chen, B. Zhou, D. Liu, G. Lei, X. Xiao, H. Liu, H. Wang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Novel and recurrent mutations in the filaggrin gene in Chinese patients with ichthyosis vulgaris Get access X. Zhang, X. Zhang Laboratory of Genetics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Liu, S. Liu Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Chen, X. Chen Laboratory of Genetics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Zhou, B. Zhou Molecular and Translation Medical Laboratory Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Liu, D. Liu Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Lei, G. Lei Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Xiao, X. Xiao Laboratory of Genetics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Liu, H. Liu Laboratory of Genetics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Wang H. Wang Laboratory of Genetics He Wang. E‐mail: wanghe_cn2003@yahoo.com.cn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 163, Issue 1, 1 July 2010, Pages 63–69, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09740.x Published: 01 July 2010