tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Paracrine Signals from Mesenchymal Cell Populations Govern the Expansion and Differentiation of Human Hepatic Stem Cells to Adult Liver Fates
Authors: Yunfang Wang, Hsin-Lei Yao, Cai-Bin Cui, Eliane Wauthier, Claire Barbier, Martin J. Costello, Nicholas Moss, Mitsuo Yamauchi, Marnisa Sricholpech, David Gerber, Elizabeth G. Loboa, Lola M. Reid
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The differentiation of embryonic or determined stem cell populations into adult liver fates under known conditions yields cells with some adult-specific genes but not others, aberrant regulation of one or more genes, and variations in the results from experiment to experiment. We tested the hypothesis that sets of signals produced by freshly isolated, lineage-dependent mesenchymal cell populations would yield greater efficiency and reproducibility in driving the differentiation of human hepatic stem cells (hHpSCs) into adult liver fates. The subpopulations of liver-derived mesenchymal cells, purified by immunoselection technologies, included (1) angioblasts, (2) mature endothelia, (3) hepatic stellate cell precursors, (4) mature stellate cells (pericytes), and (5) myofibroblasts. Freshly immunoselected cells of each of these subpopulations were established in primary cultures under wholly defined (serum-free) conditions that we developed for short-term cultures and were used as feeders with hHpSCs. Feeders of angioblasts yielded self-replication, stellate cell precursors caused lineage restriction to hepatoblasts, mature endothelia produced differentiation into hepatocytes, and mature stellate cells and/or myofibroblasts resulted in differentiation into cholangiocytes. Paracrine signals produced by the different feeders were identified by biochemical, immunohistochemical, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses, and then those signals were used to replace the feeders in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures to elicit the desired biological responses from hHpSCs. The defined paracrine signals were proved to be able to yield reproducible responses from hHpSCs and to permit differentiation into fully mature and functional parenchymal cells. Conclusion: Paracrine signals from defined mesenchymal cell populations are important for the regulation of stem cell populations into specific adult fates; this finding is important for basic and clinical research as well as industrial investigations. (Hepatology 2010;)
Assessment of publication bias, selection bias, and unavailable data in meta-analyses using individual participant data: a database survey
Authors: I. Ahmed, A. J. Sutton, R. D. Riley
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the potential for publication bias, data availability bias, and reviewer selection bias in recently published meta-analyses that use individual participant data and to investigate whether authors of such meta-analyses seemed aware of these issues. <b>Design</b> In a database of 383 meta-analyses of individual participant data that were published between 1991 and March 2009, we surveyed the 31 most recent meta-analyses of randomised trials that examined whether an intervention was effective. Identification of relevant articles and data extraction was undertaken by one author and checked by another. <b>Results</b> Only nine (29%) of the 31 meta-analyses included individual participant data from “grey literature” (such as unpublished studies) in their primary meta-analysis, and the potential for publication bias was discussed or investigated in just 10 (32%). Sixteen (52%) of the 31 meta-analyses did not obtain all the individual participant data requested, yet five of these (31%) did not mention this as a potential limitation, and only six (38%) examined how trials without individual participant data might affect the conclusions. In nine (29%) of the meta-analyses reviewer selection bias was a potential issue, as the identification of relevant trials was either not stated or based on a more selective, non-systematic approach. Investigation of four meta-analyses containing data from ≥10 trials revealed one with an asymmetric funnel plot consistent with publication bias, and the inclusion of studies without individual participant data revealed additional heterogeneity between trials. <b>Conclusions</b> Publication, availability, and selection biases are a potential concern for meta-analyses of individual participant data, but many reviewers neglect to examine or discuss them. These issues warn against uncritically viewing any meta-analysis that uses individual participant data as the most reliable. Reviewers should seek individual participant data from all studies identified by a systematic review; include, where possible, aggregate data from any studies lacking individual participant data to consider their potential impact; and investigate funnel plot asymmetry in line with recent guidelines.
Novel Associations of Genetic Polymorphisms in the Interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways with Atopy and Atopic Asthma
Authors: J. He, Y. Bosse, C. Laprise, P. Paré, A. Sandford, A. Kozyrskyj, A. Allan Becker, M. Chan-Yeung, B. Tripp, D. Zamar, A. James, L. Palmer, B. Musk, T. Hudson, M. Lemire, D. Daley
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Napins, 2S albumins, are major allergens in oilseed rape and turnip rape
Authors: Tuija J. Puumalainen, Sanna Poikonen, Annika Kotovuori, Kirsi Vaali, Nisse Kalkkinen, Timo Reunala, Kristiina Turjanmaa, Timo Palosuo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Liver stem cells and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lopa Mishra, Tanuj Banker, Joseph Murray, Stephen Byers, Arun Thenappan, Aiwu Ruth He, Kirti Shetty, Lynt Johnson, E. P. Reddy
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Although the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) was first proposed over 40 years ago, only in the past decade have these cells been identified in hematological malignancies, and more recently in solid tumors that include liver, breast, prostate, brain, and colon. Constant proliferation of stem cells is a vital component in liver tissues. In these renewing tissues, mutations will most likely result in expansion of the altered stem cells, perpetuating and increasing the chances of additional mutations and tumor progression. However, many details about hepatocellular cancer stem cells that are important for early detection remain poorly understood, including the precise cell(s) of origin, molecular genetics, and the mechanisms responsible for the highly aggressive clinical picture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exploration of the difference between CSCs from normal stem cells is crucial not only for the understanding of tumor biology but also for the development of specific therapies that effectively target these cells in patients. These ideas have drawn attention to control of stem cell proliferation by the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways. Recent evidence also suggests a key role for the TGF-β signaling pathway in both hepatocellular cancer suppression and endoderm formation, suggesting a dual role for this pathway in tumor suppression as well as progression of differentiation from a stem or progenitor stage. This review provides a rationale for detecting and analyzing tumor stem cells as one of the most effective ways to treat cancers such as HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:318–329.)
Racial Disparities in Posttraumatic Stress After Diagnosis of Localized Breast Cancer: The BQUAL Study
Authors: N. Vin-Raviv, G. C. Hillyer, D. L. Hershman, S. Galea, N. Leoce, D. H. Bovbjerg, L. H. Kushi, C. Kroenke, L. Lamerato, C. B. Ambrosone, H. Valdimorsdottir, L. Jandorf, J. S. Mandelblatt, W.-Y. Tsai, A. I. Neugut
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

Little is known about the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) over time among women diagnosed with breast cancer. This study examines changes in PTSD symptoms in the first 6 months after diagnosis and assesses racial/ethnic differences in PTSD symptomatology over time. We recruited women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, stages I to III, from three sites in the United States. Three telephone interviews were conducted: baseline at about 2 to 3 months after diagnosis, first follow-up at 4 months after diagnosis, and second follow-up at 6 months after diagnosis. We measured traumatic stress in each interview using the Impact of Events Scale; recorded sociodemographic, tumor, and treatment factors; and used generalized estimating equations and polytomous logistic regression modeling to examine the associations between variables of interest and PTSD. Of 1139 participants, 23% reported symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD at baseline, 16.5% at first follow-up, and 12.6% at the second follow-up. Persistent PTSD was observed among 12.1% participants, as defined by having PTSD at two consecutive interviews. Among participants without PTSD at baseline, 6.6% developed PTSD at the first follow-up interview. Younger age at diagnosis, being black (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48 vs white, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.04 to 2.10), and being Asian (OR = 1.69 vs white, 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.59) were associated with PTSD. Nearly one-quarter of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer reported symptoms consistent with PTSD shortly after diagnosis, with increased risk among black and Asian women. Early identification of PTSD may present an opportunity to provide interventions to manage symptoms.
Factors Associated With Death or Hospitalization Due to Pandemic 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) Infection in California
Authors: Janice K. Louie, Meileen Acosta, Kathleen Winter, Cynthia Jean, Shilpa Gavali, Robert Schechter, Duc Vugia, Kathleen Harriman, Bela Matyas, Carol A. Glaser, Michael C. Samuel, Jon Rosenberg, John Talarico, Douglas Hatch
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) emerged rapidly in California in April 2009. Preliminary comparisons with seasonal influenza suggest that pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) disproportionately affects younger ages and causes generally mild disease.To describe the clinical and epidemiologic features of pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) cases that led to hospitalization or death.Statewide enhanced public health surveillance of California residents who were hospitalized or died with laboratory evidence of pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection reported to the California Department of Public Health between April 23 and August 11, 2009.Characteristics of hospitalized and fatal cases.During the study period there were 1088 cases of hospitalization or death due to pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection reported in California. The median age was 27 years (range, <1-92 years) and 68% (741/1088) had risk factors for seasonal influenza complications. Sixty-six percent (547/833) of those with chest radiographs performed had infiltrates and 31% (340/1088) required intensive care. Rapid antigen tests were falsely negative in 34% (208/618) of cases evaluated. Secondary bacterial infection was identified in 4% (46/1088). Twenty-one percent (183/884) received no antiviral treatment. Overall fatality was 11% (118/1088) and was highest (18%-20%) in persons aged 50 years or older. The most common causes of death were viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.In the first 16 weeks of the current pandemic, the median age of hospitalized infected cases was younger than is common with seasonal influenza. Infants had the highest hospitalization rates and persons aged 50 years or older had the highest mortality rates once hospitalized. Most cases had established risk factors for complications of seasonal influenza.
A Technique for Episiotomy
Authors: G. S. N. Dow
Journal: BMJ (1944)

MEDICAL MEMORANDAMED:CAL JOURNAt 813 intramuscular injection of 20 c.cm. of convalescent herpes zoster serum on the day after the case arose; the other 6 were used as controls.(Case D. R., with no previous history of varicella, was admitted to the ward in error on June 21.He was given 20 c.cm. of the serum intramuscularly next day.)The results of the experiment are set out in the Table.Table of Results
Fluctuating transglutaminase autoantibodies are related to histologic features of celiac disease
Authors: Edwin Liu, Fei Bao, Katherine Barriga, Dongmei Miao, Liping Yu, Henry A Erlich, Joel E Haas, George S Eisenbarth, Marian J Rewers, Edward J Hoffenberg
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2003)
Role of MYC-Regulated Long Noncoding RNAs in Cell Cycle Regulation and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Taewan Kim, Young-Jun Jeon, Ri Cui, Ji-Hoon Lee, Yong Peng, Sung-Hak Kim, Esmerina Tili, Hansjuerg Alder, Carlo M. Croce
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

The functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in several cancers, but the roles of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) are less well understood. The transcription factor MYC is known to regulate lncRNAs and has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.CRC cells and tissues were profiled to identify lncRNAs differentially expressed in CRC, from which we further selected MYC-regulated lncRNAs. We used luciferase promoter assay, ChIP, RNA pull-down assay, deletion mapping assay, LC-MS/MS and RNA immunoprecipitation to determine the mechanisms of MYC regulation of lncRNAs. Moreover, soft agar assay and in vivo xenograft experiments (four athymic nude mice per group) provided evidence of MYC-regulated lncRNAs in cancer cell transformation and tumorigenesis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analyses. All statistical tests were two-sided.We identified lncRNAs differentially expressed in CRC (P < .05, greater than two-fold) and verified four lncRNAs upregulated and two downregulated in CRC cells and tissues. We further identified MYC-regulated lncRNAs, named MYCLos. The MYC-regulated MYCLos may function in cell proliferation and cell cycle by regulating MYC target genes such as CDKN1A (p21) and CDKN2B (p15), suggesting new regulatory mechanisms of MYC-repressed target genes through lncRNAs. RNA binding proteins including HuR and hnRNPK are involved in the function of MYCLos by interacting with MYCLo-1 and MYCLo-2, respectively. Knockdown experiments also showed that MYCLo-2, differentially expressed not only in CRC but also in prostate cancer, has a role in cancer transformation and tumorigenesis.Our results provide novel regulatory mechanisms in MYC function through lncRNAs and new potential lncRNA targets of CRC.
Assessing health-related quality of life in hand osteoarthritis: a literature review
Authors: M Michon, E Maheu, F Berenbaum
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Hand osteoarthritis (HOA) is a common disease that affects up to 40% of adults and may severely impair their health-related quality of life (HRQL).To assess how HRQL has been evaluated in HOA, focusing on a comparison of HRQL impairment in HOA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), differences between erosive and non-erosive HOA and differences between OA of the thumb base (TB) and interphalangeal (IP) OA.A systematic review of the literature.The authors screened 167 articles and retained 33. The outcome subsets usually reported were pain, function and stiffness. Overall HRQL was rarely assessed and the tools used differed greatly. Aesthetic damage was never studied in published articles, although this is a major complaint in daily practice. Three articles compared symptomatic HOA and RA; whereas pain and subjective health did not differ significantly, there is conflicting evidence of the difference between disability and stiffness between these groups. Two papers compared erosive and non-erosive HOA and found divergent elements concerning functional impairment; patients with erosive HOA reported more aesthetic damage. Three papers compared TB and IP OA with divergent results in terms of pain and function.Overall HRQL is a broad concept involving domains beyond pain, function and stiffness. Few data are presently available on HOA, but it seems to have almost as great an impact as RA on HRQL. Further studies on HRQL in patients with HOA are required. Aesthetic damage should also be assessed with specifically designed tools.
A NOTE ON DYSENTERIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: T. G. Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1916)

JUDGING fromi tlhe scauty literature at mny disposal, tlle occurrence of arthritis, single or multiple, as a complication or sequel of amoebic dysentary hlas received very little attention, though some writers, suclh as Phillips, briefly refer to it, and Manson states that a condition resembling gonorrhoeal rheumatism has frequently been noted as a sequel, and that at least one epidemic has been recorded in whlich a large proportion of the cases became affected in this way.Osler also briefly refers to the possibility of its occurrence.As, however, its practical importance seems to lhave been
HLA/KIR Restraint of HIV: Surviving the Fittest
Authors: Arman A. Bashirova, Rasmi Thomas, Mary Carrington
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2011)

Multiple epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, and more recently the killer cell immunoglobulin-like (KIR) locus has been implicated in differential responses to the virus. Genome-wide association studies have convincingly shown that the HLA class I locus is the most significant host genetic contributor to the variation in HIV control, underscoring a central role for CD8 T cells in resistance to the virus. However, both genetic and functional data indicate that part of the HLA effect on HIV is due to interactions between KIR and HLA genes, also implicating natural killer cells in defense against viral infection and viral expansion prior to initiation of an adaptive response. We review the HLA and KIR associations with HIV disease and the progress that has been made in understanding the mechanisms that explain these associations.
Reverse Remodeling of Sinus Node Function After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Prolonged Sinus Pauses
Authors: Mélèze Hocini, Prashanthan Sanders, Isabel Deisenhofer, Pierre Jaïs, Li-Fern Hsu, Christophe Scavée, Rukshen Weerasoriya, Florence Raybaud, Laurent Macle, Dipen C. Shah, Stéphane Garrigue, Philippe Le Metayer, Jacques Clémenty, Michel Haïssaguerre
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Symptomatic prolonged sinus pauses on termination of atrial fibrillation (AF) are an indication for pacemaker implantation. We evaluated sinus node function and clinical outcome in patients with prolonged sinus pauses on termination of arrhythmia who underwent ablation of paroxysmal AF.Twenty patients with paroxysmal AF and prolonged sinus pauses (> or =3 seconds) on termination of AF underwent ablation between May 1995 and November 2002. Patients with sinus pauses independent of episodes of AF were excluded from the analysis. The procedure included pulmonary vein and linear atrial ablation. After ablation, sinus node function was assessed during the first week and at 1, 3, and 6 months, by 24-hour ambulatory monitoring to determine the mean heart rate and heart rate range, and by exercise testing to determine the maximal heart rate. Corrected sinus node recovery time was determined at the completion of ablation and at 24.0+/-11.3 months at 600 and 400 ms. After AF ablation, there was a significant improvement of sinus node function, with an increase in the mean heart rate (P=0.001), maximal heart rate (P<0.0001), and heart rate range (P<0.0001). The corrected sinus node recovery time decreased in all patients evaluated at 600 ms (P=0.016) and 400 ms (P=0.019). At 26.0+/-17.6 months, 18 patients (85%) had no recurrence of AF (in the absence of medication), with no symptoms attributable to bradycardia or sinus pauses on ambulatory monitoring. Two patients had infrequent episodes of AF, 1 requiring pacemaker implantation.Prolonged sinus pauses after paroxysms of AF may result from depression of sinus node function that can be eliminated by curative ablation of AF. This is accompanied by improvement in parameters of sinus node function, suggesting reverse remodeling of the sinus node.
Phase I and Pharmacologic Study of Intermittently Administered 9-Nitrocamptothecin in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: William C. Zamboni, Laura L. Jung, Merrill J. Egorin, Douglas M. Potter, David M. Friedland, Chandra P. Belani, Sanjiv S. Agarwala, Michael M. W. Wong, Marwan Fakih, Donald L. Trump, Ruzhi Jin, Sandra Strychor, Michael Vozniak, Monica Troetschel, Ramesh K. Ramanathan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: 9-Nitrocamptothecin (9NC) is an oral camptothecin analogue currently administered at 1.5 mg/m2/day × 5 days/week in Phase III studies for pancreatic carcinoma. In an effort to increase the dose administered per day and determine whether the daily dose or number of days of treatment influence toxicity, we performed a Phase I study of 9NC using intermittent schedules of administration. Experimental Design: On schedule A, 9NC was administered orally daily × 5 days for 2 weeks every 4 weeks (one cycle). On schedule B, 9NC was administered orally daily × 14 days every 4 weeks (one cycle). Dose levels were determined by adaptive dose finding. Serial blood samples were obtained on day 1 of each schedule for pharmacokinetic studies of 9NC and its 9-aminocamptothecin (9AC) metabolite, and lactone forms were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The recommended Phase II doses for schedules A and B were 2.43 and 1.70 mg/m2/day, respectively, each providing the same dose intensity (i.e., 24 mg/m2/cycle). The primary toxicities on schedules A and B were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. On schedule A, two patients with gastric cancer and two patients with pancreatic cancer had stable disease for more than six cycles. On schedule B, one patient with pancreatic cancer had stable disease for more than six cycles, and a patient with pancreatic cancer had a partial response. There was significant interpatient variability in the disposition of 9NC and 9AC. Most of the drug remained in the 9NC form with a ratio of 9NC to 9AC of ∼4 to 1. Conclusions: These studies suggest that 9NC administered on an intermittent schedule is tolerable and may be an active regimen in patients with gastric or pancreatic cancers. Dosing 9NC on a mg/m2 basis does not reduce pharmacokinetic variability.
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis recognize an elastinolytic enzyme.
Authors: J Lüdemann, B Utecht, W L Gross
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The target antigen of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ACPA; also known as ANCA) was isolated by affinity chromatography from supernatants of human neutrophils, stimulated with phorbol ester to induce degranulation. Sequence analysis of the antigen revealed 17 NH2-terminal amino acids (IVGGHEAQPHIRPIYMA), which have considerable sequence homology with known serine proteinases. Investigation of the enzymatic activity showed that the antigen is a neutral serine proteinase that is able to cleave elastin. Since the molecular weight of the antigen, its substrate specificity, and its inhibitor profile reported in this study are identical with those reported recently for proteinase 3, we conclude that ACPA are most probably directed against proteinase 3.