tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction produces acute pancreatitis in the possum
Authors: J W C Chen
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction has been implicated as a cause of various forms of acute pancreatitis. However, there is no direct evidence to show that sphincter of Oddi dysfunction can cause obstruction of trans-sphincteric flow resulting in acute pancreatitis. <h3>AIMS</h3> To determine if induced sphincter of Oddi spasm can produce trans-sphincteric obstruction and, in combination with stimulated pancreatic secretion, induce acute pancreatitis. <h3>METHODS</h3> In anaesthetised possums, the pancreatic duct was ligated and pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by cholecystokinin octapeptide/secretin to induce acute pancreatitis. In separate animals, carbachol was applied topically to the sphincter of Oddi to cause transient sphincter obstruction. Sphincter of Oddi motility, trans-sphincteric flow, pancreatic duct pressure, pancreatic exocrine secretion, plasma amylase levels, and pancreatic tissue damage (histology score) were studied and compared with variables in ligation models. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Acute pancreatitis developed following stimulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion with peptides after pancreatic duct ligation (p&lt;0.05). Neither pancreatic duct ligation nor stimulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion with cholecystokinin octapeptide/secretin alone resulted in acute pancreatitis. Topical carbachol stimulated sphincter of Oddi motility abolished trans-sphincteric flow, and increased pancreatic exocrine secretion (p&lt;0.05) and pancreatic duct pressure to levels comparable with pancreatic duct ligation (p&lt;0.001). Carbachol application (with or without combined peptide stimulation) elevated plasma amylase levels (p&lt;0.01) and produced pancreatic tissue damage (p&lt;0.05). Decompression of pancreatic duct ameliorated these effects (p&lt;0.05). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Induced sphincter of Oddi dysfunction when coupled with stimulated pancreatic secretion causes acute pancreatitis. This may be an important pathophysiological mechanism causing various forms of acute pancreatitis.
Unilateral pulmonary oedema in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe narrowing of the left pulmonary artery.
Authors: Y Turberg, F J Ricou, J C Chevrolet
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Abstract A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy developed unilateral right sided pulmonary oedema. Pulmonary angiography showed a proximal severe narrowing of the left pulmonary artery.
The Mechanism of Canine Atrial Flutter
Authors: WILLIAM G. HAYDEN, EDWARD J. HURLEY, DAVID A. RYTAND
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

In anesthetized dogs, electrograms were recorded simultaneously from six atrial epicardial sites and a limb or esophageal lead in order to study the mechanism of atrial flutter induced electrically after an intercaval crush in comparison with atrial tachysystole induced by aconitine. In the former, with limb lead records resembling classical human flutter in form and regularity, activation occupied most of the atrial cycle and progressed in sequence caudally in the right atrium and cranially in the left (counterclockwise flutter); flutter was usually terminated by another crush extending from the initial one to the right atrioventricular junction. The most prominent wave in limb and esophageal leads coincided with left atrial activity. Sometimes activation proceeded clockwise. The two atrial appendages may be activated simultaneously during counterclockwise flutter. These findings support the circus movement hypothesis as the mechanism of pure atrial flutter. In contrast, with aconitine tachysystole, activation proceeded over both atria at once and was so brief that it left most of the slightly irregular atrial cycle electrically silent. Although limb leads after aconitine sometimes resembled those of flutter, the contrast in direction and duration of excitation demonstrates profound physiological differences between the two arrhythmias.
Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer
Authors: Suzanne L. Topalian, F. Stephen Hodi, Julie R. Brahmer, Scott N. Gettinger, David C. Smith, David F. McDermott, John D. Powderly, Richard D. Carvajal, Jeffrey A. Sosman, Michael B. Atkins, Philip D. Leming, David R. Spigel, Scott J. Antonia, Leora Horn, Charles G. Drake, Drew M. Pardoll, Lieping Chen, William H. Sharfman, Robert A. Anders, Janis M. Taube, Tracee L. McMiller, Haiying Xu, Alan J. Korman, Maria Jure-Kunkel, Shruti Agrawal, Daniel McDonald, Georgia D. Kollia, Ashok Gupta, Jon M. Wigginton, Mario Sznol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Blockade of programmed death 1 (PD-1), an inhibitory receptor expressed by T cells, can overcome immune resistance. We assessed the antitumor activity and safety of BMS-936558, an antibody that specifically blocks PD-1.
RNA-Seq and find: entering the RNA deep field
Authors: Adam Roberts, Lior Pachter
Journal: Genome Medicine (2011)

Initial high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) experiments have revealed a complex and dynamic transcriptome, but because it samples transcripts in proportion to their abundances, assessing the extent and nature of low-level transcription using this technique has been difficult. A new assay, RNA CaptureSeq, addresses this limitation of RNA-Seq by enriching for low-level transcripts with cDNA tiling arrays prior to high-throughput sequencing. This approach reveals a plethora of transcripts that have been previously dismissed as 'noise', and hints at single-cell transcription fingerprints that may be crucial in defining cellular function in normal and disease states.
Targeting of the CD33-calicheamicin immunoconjugate Mylotarg (CMA-676) in acute myeloid leukemia: in vivo and in vitro saturation and internalization by leukemic and normal myeloid cells
Authors: Vincent H. J. van der Velden, Jeroen G. te Marvelde, Patricia G. Hoogeveen, Irwin D. Bernstein, Adriaan B. Houtsmuller, Mark S. Berger, Jacques J. M. van Dongen
Journal: Blood (2001)
Clinical Significance of the Loss of <b> <i>KiSS-1</i> </b> and Orphan G-Protein–Coupled Receptor (<b> <i>hOT7T175</i> </b>) Gene Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Masahide Ikeguchi, Ken-ichi Yamaguchi, Nobuaki Kaibara
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Lymph node metastasis is the most important predictor of prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Recently, KiSS-1 was cloned as a human metastasis suppressor gene, and an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (hOT7T175) was identified as the endogenous receptor of the KiSS-1 product. However, the clinical importance of KiSS-1 and hOT7T175 gene expression in ESCC remains unclear.In this study, total RNA was extracted from tumors and noncancerous epithelia of 71 patients with ESCC who underwent surgical esophageal resection. The expression levels of KiSS-1, hOT7T175, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNAs were analyzed quantitatively by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and compared with the clinical findings.The mean KiSS-1:GAPDH and hOT7T175:GAPDH ratios of the tumors were 1.2 and 0.3 and were at the same levels as those in the noncancerous epithelia. The loss of KiSS-1 and hOT7T175 gene expression was detected in 38% and 61% of tumors. Loss of KiSS-1 and/or hOT7T175 gene expression was not correlated with tumor size or degree of tumor invasion but was found to be a significant predictor of lymph node metastasis.Loss of KiSS-1 or hOT7T175 gene expression may be an important biomarker for detection of lymph node metastasis in ESCC.
The impact of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) of asthma on Th1 cells susceptibility to apoptosis
Authors: Olga Ciepiela, Anna Zawadzka-Krajewska, Iwona Kotula, Urszula Demkow
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the unique disease modifying treatment of atopic diseases. SLIT is effective treatment associated with low incidence of systemic reactions. A disturbed T cells apoptosis plays a crucial role in the in the development of airway inflammation in the course of asthma. Nevertheless, the effect of sublingual immunotherapy on T cell apoptosis has not been elucidated. The aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of one year allergen-specific immunotherapy in asthmatic children on the frequency of Th1 Bcl-2 positive cells in peripheral blood.  Twenty-five children, suffering from bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis were enrolled to the study. Children were shortlisted for sublingual specific immunotherapy with solution containing specific allergen (grass pollen or house dust mite) extracts. The frequency of Th1 cells and the intracellular expression of Bcl-2 were evaluated using flow cytometry before and after 12 months of treatment. The frequency of Th1 cells after immunotherapy was significantly increased (13,22 [10,34; 18,95]% before versus 19,86 [16,37; 24,52]% after SLIT, p=0.01), moreover significant increase of Bcl-2 positive Th1 cells was found after treatment. At a baseline 58,34 (31,23; 76,28) % of Th1 cells showed expression of Bcl-2 protein, whereas 73,61 (68,47; 82,43) % Th1 cells expressed Bcl-2 after one year of SLIT, p= 0.0465.  The increase of Th1 cells frequency secondary to SLIT might be associated with enhanced resistance to apoptotic signals. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of T cell apoptosis in resolution of allergic airway inflammation.
The Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factors on Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Growth
Authors: Hasnain M. Khandwala, Ian E. McCutcheon, Allan Flyvbjerg, Keith E. Friend
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2000)

Several decades of basic and clinical research have demonstrated that there is an association between the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and neoplasia. We begin with a brief discussion of the function and regulation of expression of the IGFs, their receptors and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). A number of investigational interventional strategies targeting the GH or IGFs are then reviewed. Finally, we have assembled the available scientific knowledge about this relationship for each of the major tumor types. The tumors have been grouped together by organ system and for each of the major tumors, various key elements of the relationship between IGFs and tumor growth are discussed. Specifically these include the presence or absence of autocrine IGF-I and IGF-II production; presence or absence of IGF-I and IGF-II receptor expression; the expression and functions of the IGFBPs; in vitro and in vivo experiments involving therapeutic interventions; and available results from clinical trials evaluating the effect of GH/IGF axis down-regulation in various malignancies.
Topical glucocorticoids downregulate COX‐1 positive cells in nasal polyps
Authors: F. A. Ebbens, M. Maldonado, E. J. J. De Groot, I. Alobid, C. M. Van Drunen, C. Picado, W. J. Fokkens, J. Mullol
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Influx of inflammatory cells is one of the hallmarks of nasal polyposis. As glucocorticoids (GC) are known to exhibit strong anti‐inflammatory effects, these drugs are frequently used in the treatment of the disease. Part of the anti‐inflammatory effects of GC is attributed to their interference with prostanoid synthesis. As cyclooxygenases (COX) are key enzymes in the synthesis of both pro‐ (COX‐1, COX‐2) and anti‐inflammatory prostanoids (COX‐2), we investigated the role of topical GC on COX‐1, COX‐2 and inflammatory markers in nasal polyps (NP). Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of inflammatory markers (CD68, CD117, MBP, elastase, IgE, BB‐1, IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐6), COX‐1 and COX‐2 was performed on normal nasal mucosa (NM) ( n = 18), non‐GC treated NP ( n = 27) and topical GC treated NP ( n = 12). NP groups were matched for allergy, asthma and ASA intolerance. Results: Increased numbers of eosinophils, IL‐5+ cells and IgE+ cells and decreased numbers of mastcells are striking features of NP inflammation ( P &lt; 0.05). In addition, increased numbers of COX‐1+ cells are observed in NP epithelium compared to NM ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Topical GC significantly reduce the number of COX‐1+ NP cells ( P &lt; 0.05), but have no significant effect on COX‐2+ NP cells. No significant reduction in the number of eosinophils is observed for GC treated NP. The number of IL‐5+ cells is however increased significantly upon GC treatment ( P &lt; 0.05).
The Individual and Community Care
Authors: M. P. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1964)

SIR,-I feel bound to make some reply to the letter by Mr. R. de Soldenhoff (15 August, p. 444).What concerns me is whether the profession is represented by those whom it wishes to represent it and not how old they are.If it is then I can see no justi- fication for arbitrarily limiting their terms of office.If it is not we should be directing our efforts towards changing the methods by which these representatives are elected.The argument in favour of letting in younger men usually runs that they now form the majority of the profession, and that as such they are inadequately represented.This is fallacious.If they are truly in the majority they can take over when they choose, and if they are not there is no reason why they should take over until they are.What Mr. Soldenhoff says about the perpetuation of
Rapamycin improves lymphoproliferative disease in murine autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)
Authors: David T. Teachey, Dana A. Obzut, Kelly Axsom, John K. Choi, Kelly C. Goldsmith, Junior Hall, Jessica Hulitt, Catherine S. Manno, John M. Maris, Nicholas Rhodin, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Valerie I. Brown, Stephan A. Grupp
Journal: Blood (2006)
Successful treatment of dermatomyositis complicated by ventilatory failure.
Authors: D O Haskard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

A case is reported in which ventilatory failure complicating dermatomyositis was successfully managed with artificial ventilation for 18 days while remission was achieved with methotrexate and prednisolone. Such ventilatory failure is reversible and requires an active treatment.
Segmental Duplication, Microinversion, and Gene Loss Associated with a Complex Inversion Breakpoint Region in Drosophila
Authors: O. Calvete, J. Gonzalez, E. Betran, A. Ruiz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Chromosomal inversions are usually portrayed as simple two-breakpoint rearrangements changing gene order but not gene number or structure. However, increasing evidence suggests that inversion breakpoints may often have a complex structure and entail gene duplications with potential functional consequences. Here, we used a combination of different techniques to investigate the breakpoint structure and the functional consequences of a complex rearrangement fixed in Drosophila buzzatii and comprising two tandemly arranged inversions sharing the middle breakpoint: 2m and 2n. By comparing the sequence in the breakpoint regions between D. buzzatii (inverted chromosome) and D. mojavensis (noninverted chromosome), we corroborate the breakpoint reuse at the molecular level and infer that inversion 2m was associated with a duplication of a ~13 kb segment and likely generated by staggered breaks plus repair by nonhomologous end joining. The duplicated segment contained the gene CG4673, involved in nuclear transport, and its two nested genes CG5071 and CG5079. Interestingly, we found that other than the inversion and the associated duplication, both breakpoints suffered additional rearrangements, that is, the proximal breakpoint experienced a microinversion event associated at both ends with a 121-bp long duplication that contains a promoter. As a consequence of all these different rearrangements, CG5079 has been lost from the genome, CG5071 is now a single copy nonnested gene, and CG4673 has a transcript ~9 kb shorter and seems to have acquired a more complex gene regulation. Our results illustrate the complex effects of chromosomal rearrangements and highlight the need of complementing genomic approaches with detailed sequence-level and functional analyses of breakpoint regions if we are to fully understand genome structure, function, and evolutionary dynamics.
NOTE ON THE PRESERVATION OF STOCK STRAINS OF TREPONEMA PALLIDUM AND ON THE DEMONSTRATION OF INFECTION IN RABBITS
Authors: Wade H. Brown, Louise Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

Experiments carried out on rabbits infected with Treponema pallidum showed that there was a constant invasion and localization of the organisms in the superficial lymph nodes, that the infection persisted indefinitely, and that organisms could be recovered at any time from such nodes as the popliteals. Based upon these observations, a method is proposed for the preservation or recovery of stock strains of Treponema pallidum and for the demonstration of infection in rabbits.
Temperature and cardiovascular mortality
Authors: E L Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Owen L Lloyd has fallen into some of the common pitfalls when discussing cold and its effects on the body.1 The environmental cold stress (rate of heat loss) experienced by warm blooded creatures is related not just to absolute temperatures outdoors or indoors but also to movement of air (wind or draughts)—for example, a body loses more heat at 10°C with a wind of 32 km/h than at −10°C in still air.2 Similarly, humidity (rain or indoor damp) increases the heat loss, and, as Peter Wilmshurst …
The Human Microbiome and the Future Practice of Medicine
Authors: David A. Relman
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Earliest Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yoseph Rozenman, Mervyn S. Gotsman
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1994)

Acute myocardial infarction results from the cessation of myocardial blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery. Rapid restoration of blood flow to the ischemic myocardium minimizes cardiac damage and improves early and long-term morbidity and mortality. Chest pain is the first symptom of myocardial infarction, but in some patients with silent ischemia, the disease can be diagnosed only in retrospect. In symptomatic patients, myocardial infarction should be accurately and promptly diagnosed so that reperfusion therapy can begin immediately. Electrocardiography is the simplest diagnostic modality. Although regional ST-segment elevation is specific, it is not sensitive. In contrast, new computerized algorithms for electrocardiographic analysis and serial monitoring increase sensitivity without decreasing specificity. In the emergency room, echocardiography is used to diagnose patients with no prior history of coronary artery disease whose electrocardiograms proved nondiagnostic. Time-consuming perfusion nuclear studies are inferior to echocardiography but may nevertheless enable physicians to diagnose myocardial infarction in the emergency room. Although the presence of excess creatine kinase is a sign of myocardial necrosis, its increase is delayed for a few hours after coronary occlusion. Doctors can diagnose myocardial infarction as early as two hours after coronary occlusion with the help of simpler automatic assays of MB-creatine kinase mass that use monoclonal antibodies. Other investigational markers of myocardial necrosis include myoglobin and troponin. Elevation of a circulating protein marker also signifies established necrosis, but physicians hope to achieve reperfusion through therapy before irreversible damage occurs.
The Biology of Recent Thymic Emigrants
Authors: Pamela J. Fink
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2012)

The generation of the TCRαβ lineage of T cells occurs in the thymus through a series of orchestrated developmental events that result in a carefully selected population of CD4 or CD8 lineage-committed TCR(+) thymocytes capable of recognizing foreign antigen in the context of self MHC. T cells first exit the thymus in a phenotypically and functionally immature state and require an approximately 3-week period of post-thymic maturation before transitioning into the mature T cell compartment. A greater understanding of recent thymic emigrant biology has come with the development of methods to exclusively identify and isolate this population for further characterization. I now review current knowledge about the phenotype and function of this key but understudied population of peripheral T cells.
Combination therapy for onychomycosis
Authors: J.H. Olafsson, B. Sigurgeirsson, R. Baran
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Combination therapy is one way of improving the cure rate of onychomycosis. The LION Study examined the efficacies of terbinafine and itraconazole. The Icelandic cohort of the study reported that after 5 years only 46% of the terbinafine‐treated patients and 13% of the itraconazole‐treated patients were still disease‐free, suggesting that relapses and reinfections were common in the long term treatment of onychomycosis with monotherapy. Combination therapy is a well‐established principle in mycology; the current strategy involves the combination of oral and topical antifungal treatments. A number of specific drug combinations have proved to be useful in the treatment of onychomycosis: tioconazole and griseofulvin, amorolfine and griseofulvin, amorolfine and terbinafine, and amorolfine and itraconazole. However, comparison of the combination trials can be difficult because of the short duration of some of the studies and variation in global cure rates. Although it is necessary to consider these factors it is clear that combination therapy offers advantages when compared with monotherapy. Combination therapy can be administered sequentially or in parallel. Parallel therapy is recommended for patients who are likely to fail therapy (e.g. patients with diabetes), whereas sequential therapy is recommended for patients who show a poor response to initial treatment.