tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid G protein-regulated activation event involved in lymphocyte binding to high endothelial venules.
Authors: R F Bargatze, E C Butcher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The homing of blood borne lymphocytes into lymph nodes and Peyer's patches is mediated in part by recognition and binding to specialized high endothelial venules (HEV). Here we demonstrate that a rapid pertussis toxin-sensitive lymphocyte activation event can participate in lymphocyte recognition of HEV. In situ video microscopic analyses of lymphocyte interactions with HEV in exteriorized mouse Peyer's patches reveal that pertussis toxin has no effect on an initial "rolling" displayed by many lymphocytes, but inhibits an activation-dependent "sticking" event required for lymphocyte arrest. This is the first demonstration that physiologic lymphocyte-endothelial interactions can involve sequential rolling, activation, and activation-dependent arrest, previously shown only for neutrophils. The inhibitory effect of the toxin is dependent on its G protein-modifying ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and can be reversed by phorbol myristic acetate, which bypasses cell surface receptors to trigger activation-dependent adhesion. Lymphocyte sticking can occur within 1-3 s after initiation of rolling. We conclude that a rapid receptor-mediated activation event involving G protein signaling can trigger stable lymphocyte attachment to HEV in vivo, and may play a critical role in regulating lymphocyte homing.
What is recall bias?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers investigated whether sleep practices in pregnant women were associated with risk of late stillbirth.1 A case-control study design was used. Cases were 155 women with a singleton late stillbirth (without congenital abnormality) that occurred at 28 weeks’ gestation or later. Cases were identified by clinicians at participating maternity units and were also recruited from a registry. Controls were 310 women with single ongoing pregnancies. Controls were matched to cases on stage of gestation when the stillbirth occurred. Information about sleep practices, including maternal snoring, daytime sleepiness, and sleep position at the time of going to sleep and on waking (left side, right side, back, and other) was obtained through questionnaires that were administered by interviewers. The women who served as cases were interviewed in the first few weeks after stillbirth and asked about their sleep practices the night before stillbirth occurred (when the baby had probably died); controls …
Kidney and Recipient Weight Incompatibility Reduces Long-Term Graft Survival
Authors: Magali Giral, Yohann Foucher, Georges Karam, Yann Labrune, Michelle Kessler, Bruno Hurault de Ligny, Mathias Büchler, François Bayle, Carole Meyer, Nathalie Trehet, Pascal Daguin, Karine Renaudin, Anne Moreau, Jean Paul Soulillou
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Long-term function of kidney allografts depends on multiple variables, one of which may be the compatibility in size between the graft and the recipient. Here, we assessed the long-term consequences of the ratio of the weight of the kidney to the weight of the recipient (KwRw ratio) in a multicenter cohort of 1189 patients who received a transplant between 1995 and 2006. The graft filtration rate increased by a mean of 5.74 ml/min between the third and sixth posttransplantation months among patients with a low KwRw ratio (<2.3 g/kg; P < 0.0001). In this low KwRw ratio group, the graft filtration rate remained stable between 6 months and 7 years but then decreased at a mean rate of 3.17 ml/min per yr (P < 0.0001). In addition, low KwRw ratios conferred greater risk for proteinuria, more antihypertensive drugs, and segmental or global glomerulosclerosis. Moreover, a KwRw ratio <2.3 g/kg associated with a 55% increased risk for transplant failure by 2 years of follow-up. In conclusion, incompatibility between graft and recipient weight is an independent predictor of long-term graft survival, suggesting that avoiding kidney and recipient weight incompatibility may improve late clinical outcome after kidney transplantation.
What Should Be Disclosed to Research Participants?
Authors: David Wendler
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Abstract Debate surrounding the SUPPORT study highlights the absence of consensus regarding what information should be disclosed to potential research participants. Some commentators endorse the view that clinical research should be subject to high disclosure standards, even when it is testing standard-of-care interventions. Others argue that trials assessing standard-of-care interventions need to disclose only the information that is disclosed in the clinical care setting. To resolve this debate, it is important to identify the ethical concerns raised by clinical research and determine what consent process is needed to address them. Keywords: informed consentresearchdisclosurerisks Acknowledgments This article is not subject to US Copyright Law.This work was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) intramural research funds. However, the views expressed are the author's own. They do not represent the position or policy of the NIH, the PHS, or the DHHS. The author has no competing interests with respect to this article.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
Authors: H. Tilly, M. Gomes da Silva, U. Vitolo, A. Jack, M. Meignan, A. Lopez-Guillermo, J. Walewski, M. André, P.W. Johnson, M. Pfreundschuh, M. Ladetto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Mutations in a Δ8-Δ7 sterol isomerase in the tattered mouse and X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata
Authors: Jonathan M.J. Derry, Emmanuelle Gormally, Gary D. Means, Wei Zhao, Alfons Meindl, Richard I. Kelley, Yvonne Boyd, Gail E. Herman
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Influence of x-ray treatment on antigen-induced experimental arthritis.
Authors: C Steffen, C Müller, K Stellamor, J Zeitlhofer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Six groups of 3 rabbits each were immunised with ovalbumin and received one intra-articular injection of antigen. The animals of 3 groups received local x-ray irradiation of 600 rads for 8 minutes to the right knee joint 12 days after the intra-articular challenge. Animals of the other 3 groups were not irradiated. The antigen-induced arthritis was investigated by determining the exudation is synovial fluid and by histological study of the synovium examined 48 hours, 7 days, and 4 weeks after the irradiation date. All animals in the nonirradiated groups showed a distinct chronic synovitis. Irradiated animals showed almost no synovitis 48 hours and 7 days following irradiation. In 2 rabbits synovitis had reappeared 4 weeks after irradiation with findings similar to those in the control groups. Only one animal still showed an inhibition of synovitis. X-ray irradiation of non-challenged knees did not induce any pathological changes. This time-limited effect of one local irradiation on antigen-induced arthritis seems to be mainly an anti-inflammatory action. Local immunological inhibition might possibly operate too. X-ray induced inhibition of synovitis is compared with the effect of locally injected radiocolloids.
Central role of immunoglobulin (Ig) E in the induction of lung eosinophil infiltration and T helper 2 cell cytokine production: inhibition by a non-anaphylactogenic anti-IgE antibody.
Authors: A J Coyle, K Wagner, C Bertrand, S Tsuyuki, J Bews, C Heusser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Elevated levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E are associated with bronchial asthma, a disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation of the airways. Activation of antigen-specific T helper (Th) 2 cells in the lung with the subsequent release of interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-5 is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we have used a non-anaphylactogenic anti-mouse-IgE antibody to investigate the relationship between IgE, airway eosinophil infiltration, and the production of Th2 cytokines. Immunization of mice with house dust mite antigen increased serum levels of IgE and IgG. Antigen challenge of immunized but not control mice induced an infiltration of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage associated with the production of IL-4 and IL-5 from lung purified Thy1.2+ cells activated through the CD3-T cell receptor complex. Administration of the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (mAb) 6h before antigen challenge neutralized serum IgE but not IgG and inhibited the recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs and the production of IL-4 and IL-5 but not interferon gamma. Studies performed using an anti-CD23 mAb, CD23 deficient and mast cell deficient mice suggest that anti-IgE mAb suppresses eosinophil infiltration and Th2 cytokine production by inhibiting IgE-CD23-facilitated antigen presentation to T cells. Our results demonstrate that IgE-dependent mechanisms are important in the induction of a Th2 immune response and the subsequent infiltration of eosinophils into the airways. Neutralization of IgE, for example, non-anaphylactogenic anti-IgE mAbs may provide a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of allergic airway disease.
MAINTENANCE OF SERUM ANTIBODY LEVELS
Authors: Rudolf A. Manz, Anja E. Hauser, Falk Hiepe, Andreas Radbruch
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2004)

In vertebrates, serum antibodies are an essential component of innate and adaptive immunity and immunological memory. They also can contribute significantly to immunopathology. Their composition is the result of tightly regulated differentiation of B lymphocytes into antibody-secreting plasma blasts and plasma cells. The survival of antibody-secreting cells determines their contribution to the immune response in which they were generated and to long-lasting immunity, as provided by stable serum antibody levels. Short-lived plasma blasts and/or plasma cells secrete antibodies for a reactive immune response. Short-lived plasma blasts can become long-lived plasma cells, probably by competition with preexisting plasma cells for occupation of a limited number of survival niches in the body, in a process not yet fully understood. Limitation of the number of long-lived plasma cells allows the immune system to maintain a stable humoral immunological memory over long periods, to react to new pathogenic challenges, and to adapt the humoral memory in response to these antigens.
Update on the evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams
Authors: M. Blanca, A. Romano, M. J. Torres, J. Férnandez, C. Mayorga, J. Rodriguez, P. Demoly, P. J. Bousquet, H. F. Merk, M. L. Sanz, H. Ott, M. Atanasković-Marković
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams (BLs) are classified as immediate or nonimmediate. The former usually appear within 1 h of drug-intake and are mediated by specific IgE-antibodies. Nonimmediate reactions are those occurring more than 1 h after drug-intake, and they can be T-cell mediated. The diagnostic evaluation of allergic reactions to BLs has changed over the last 5 years, for several reasons. Major and minor determinants are no longer commercially available for skin testing in many countries. In immediate allergic reactions, the sensitivity of skin testing and immunoassays is decreasing and new in vitro methods, such as the basophil activation test, are gaining importance for diagnosis. For nonimmediate reactions, skin testing appears to be less sensitive than previous results, although more studies need to be carried out in this direction. Nevertheless, the drug provocation test is still necessary for diagnosis.
Prednisone stimulation of erythropoiesis in leukemic children during remission
Authors: Michael D. Amylon, Susan P. Perrlne, Bertil E. Glader
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Children with acute leukemia in remission manifest reticulocytosis and a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration (mean increment of 2.3 ± 1.1 g/d 1) following prednisone pulse therapy. This hemoglobin increment is not associated with changes in serum erythropoietin activity. It is speculated that this stimulation of red cell production may be a direct effect of steroids on erythroid progenitor cells.
The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on the survival of primary breast cancer patients: a retrospective multicenter cohort study of 8935 subjects
Authors: A. Wöckel, R. Wolters, T. Wiegel, I. Novopashenny, W. Janni, R. Kreienberg, M. Wischnewsky, L. Schwentner
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The Effect of Pioglitazone on the Liver
Authors: Amalia Gastaldelli, Yoshinori Miyazaki, Archana Mahankali, Rachele Berria, Maura Pettiti, Emma Buzzigoli, Eleuterio Ferrannini, Ralph A. DeFronzo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Diabetic hyperglycemia results from insulin resistance of peripheral tissues and glucose overproduction due to increased gluconeogenesis (GNG). Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, but the effect on the liver is less clear. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of TZDs on GNG.Twenty sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetic subjects were randomly assigned (double-blind study) to receive pioglitazone (PIO group; 45 mg/day) or placebo (Plc group) for 4 months to assess endogenous glucose production (EGP) (3-(3)H-glucose infusion), GNG (D2O technique), and insulin sensitivity by two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (240 and 960 pmol/min per m2).Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (10.0 +/- 0.8 to 7.7 +/- 0.7 mmol/l) and HbA1c (9.0 +/- 0.4 to 7.3 +/- 0.6%) decreased in the PIO and increased in Plc group (P < 0.05 PIO vs. Plc). Insulin sensitivity increased approximately 40% during high insulin clamp after pioglitazone (P < 0.01) and remained unchanged in the Plc group (P < 0.05 PIO vs. Plc). EGP did not change, while GNG decreased in the PIO group (9.6 +/- 0.7 to 8.7 +/- 0.6 micromol x min(-1) x kg(ffm)(-1)) and increased in the Plc group (8.0 +/- 0.5 to 9.6 +/- 0.8) (P < 0.05 PIO vs. Plc). Change in FPG correlated with change in GNG flux (r = 0.63, P < 0.003) and in insulin sensitivity (r = 0.59, P < 0.01). Plasma adiponectin increased after pioglitazone (P < 0.001) and correlated with delta FPG (r = -0.54, P < 0.03), delta GNG flux (r = -0.47, P < 0.05), and delta insulin sensitivity (r = 0.65, P < 0.005). Plasma free fatty acids decreased after pioglitazone and correlated with delta GNG flux (r = 0.54, P < 0.02). From stepwise regression analysis, the strongest determinant of change in FPG was change in GNG flux.Pioglitazone improves FPG, primarily by reducing GNG flux in type 2 diabetic subjects.
The body tells a story
Authors: P. de Zulueta
Journal: BMJ (2003)

There were two that morning. The first, a young Algerian man, a refugee from Kuwait. It was the eyes I first noticed: the eyes of the traumatised—dead, empty, yet somehow haunted, as if living a perpetual horror. Headache. Pitiless, there all day. His brow furrowed. He described it like a weight on his forehead, crushing him.

I asked a question, and then came the story. The beatings to the head, savage, relentless. He was only 18 then. His brothers killed. His body thrown in a heap, like rubbish, among the corpses. For a flash moment, I was there—I could hear the screams, smell the sickening stench, feel the terror. And then back in the haven of my chair.

“And have you told anyone your story?” I asked. “No.” “So … why now?” …
Osteoporosis and Hip Fractures: Challenges to Investigators and Clinicians
Authors: T. Franklin Williams
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Fracture of the hip is one of the most common, devastating, and feared medical crises of older persons, threatening both survival and independence. Hip fractures occur at an exponential increase in frequency with age,<sup>1</sup>affecting one of every three white women older than 85 years. Annual costs of medical and supportive care exceed the entire National Institutes of Health research budget and are more than 100 times the amounts being invested in research on causes, prevention, and treatment of this condition. Although multiple factors contribute to the occurrence of hip fracture, osteoporosis is clearly one of the most significant. A recent review inThe Journal<sup>2</sup>has highlighted differing characteristics of osteoporosis in old and very old women compared with those just postmenopausal, and a summary of a recent scientific workshop<sup>3</sup>presents the challenging research advances and frontiers of osteoporosis, including cellular mechanisms of bone formation and removal,
Selecting Patients With Atrial Fibrillation for Anticoagulation
Authors: Brian F. Gage, Carl van Walraven, Lesly Pearce, Robert G. Hart, Peter J. Koudstaal, B.S.P. Boode, Palle Petersen
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The rate of stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) depends on the presence of comorbid conditions and the use of antithrombotic therapy. Although adjusted-dose warfarin is superior to aspirin for reducing stroke in AF, the absolute risk reduction of warfarin depends on the stroke rate with aspirin. This prospective cohort study tested the predictive accuracy of 5 stroke risk stratification schemes. Methods and Results— The study pooled individual data from 2580 participants with nonvalvular AF who were prescribed aspirin in a multicenter trial (Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin, Anticoagulation I study [AFASAK-1], AFASAK-2, European Atrial Fibrillation Trial, Primary Prevention of Arterial Thromboembolism in patients with nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation in primary care study, and Stroke Prevention and Atrial Fibrillation [SPAF]-III high risk or SPAF-III low risk). There were 207 ischemic strokes during 4887 patient-years of aspirin therapy. All schemes predicted stroke better than chance, but the number of patients categorized as low and high risk varied substantially. AF patients with prior cerebral ischemia were classified as high risk by all 5 schemes and had 10.8 strokes per 100 patient-years. The CHADS 2 scheme (an acronym for Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age &gt;75, Diabetes mellitus, and prior Stroke or transient ischemic attack) successfully identified primary prevention patients who were at high risk of stroke (5.3 strokes per 100 patient-years). In contrast, patients identified as high risk by other schemes had 3.0 to 4.2 strokes per 100 patient-years. Low-risk patients identified by all schemes had 0.5 to 1.4 strokes per 100 patient-years of therapy. Conclusions— Patients with AF who have high and low rates of stroke when given aspirin can be reliably identified, allowing selection of antithrombotic prophylaxis to be individualized.
Primary structure and functional expression of the ω-conotoxin-sensitive N-type calcium channel from rabbit brain
Authors: Yoshihiko Fujita, Michelle Mynlieff, Robert T. Dirksen, Man-Suk Kim, Tetsuhiro Niidome, Junichi Nakai, Thomas Friedrich, Naoyuki Iwabe, Takashi Miyata, Teiichi Furuichi, Daisuke Furutama, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Yasuo Mori, Kurt G. Beam
Journal: Neuron (1993)
Higher number of stem cells in the bone marrow of circulating low Igf-1 level Laron dwarf mice—novel view on Igf-1, stem cells and aging
Authors: Janina Ratajczak, Dong-Myung Shin, Wu Wan, Rui Liu, Michal M. Masternak, Katarzyna Piotrowska, Barbara Wiszniewska, Magda Kucia, Andrzej Bartke, Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Too much sitting: a novel and important predictor of chronic disease risk?: Figure 1
Authors: N Owen, A Bauman, W Brown
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Research on physical activity and health has pointed clearly to increasing the time that adults spend doing moderate to vigorous intensity activities: 30 minutes a day is generally recommended. However, recent evidence underlines the importance of also focusing on sedentary behaviours—the high volumes of time that adults spend sitting in their remaining “non-exercise” waking hours. We provide a brief overview of recent evidence for the distinct relationships between ‘too much sitting’ and biomarkers of metabolic health and, thus, with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other prevalent chronic health problems. Particular concerns for this new field include the challenges of changing sedentary behaviours in the context of ubiquitous environmental and social drivers of sitting time; examining the effects of interventions for reducing or breaking-up sitting time and identifying the most relevant implications for clinical and public health practice.

Increasing participation in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in adult populations is a central tenet of strategies for preventing major chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast and colon cancer) and obesity in developed and developing nations.1 2 To date, clinical practice, community programmes, mass-media campaigns and population strategies have focused mainly on encouraging and supporting individuals to be more active, largely during discretionary or leisure time, but more recently (and to a lesser extent) also in travel time.2 While these approaches have met with some success, our recent body of work has identified sedentary behaviour (time spent sitting) as a novel and potentially important risk factor for the development of chronic disease. Even if people meet the current recommendation of 30 minutes of physical activity on most days each week, there may be significant adverse metabolic and health effects from prolonged …