tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Entry of cholera toxin into polarized human intestinal epithelial cells. Identification of an early brefeldin A sensitive event required for A1-peptide generation.
Authors: W I Lencer, J B de Almeida, S Moe, J L Stow, D A Ausiello, J L Madara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The effect of brefeldin-A (BFA), a reversible inhibitor of vesicular transport, on cholera toxin (CT)-induced Cl- secretion (Isc) was examined in the polarized human intestinal cell line, T84. Pretreatment of T84 monolayers with 5 microM BFA reversibly inhibited Isc in response to apical or basolateral addition of 120 nM CT (2.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 68 +/- 3 microA/cm2, n = 5). In contrast, BFA did not inhibit Isc responses to the cAMP agonist VIP (63 +/- 7 microA/cm2). BFA had no effect on cell surface binding and endocytosis of a functional fluorescent CT analog or on the dose dependency of CT induced 32P-NAD ribosylation of Gs alpha in vitro. In contrast, BFA completely inhibited (> 95%) the ability of T84 cells to reduce CT to the enzymatically active A1-peptide. BFA had to be added within the first 10 min of CT exposure to inhibit CT-elicited Isc. The early BFA-sensitive step occurred before a temperature-sensitive step essential for apical CT action. These studies show that sequential steps are required for a biological response to apical CT: (a) binding to cell surfaces and rapid endocytosis; (b) early, BFA-sensitive vesicular transport essential for reduction of the A1-peptide; and (c) subsequent temperature-sensitive translocation of a signal (the A1-peptide or possibly ADP-ribose-Gs alpha) to the basolateral domain.
Sternomastoid muscle size and strength in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: R Peche, M Estenne, P A Gevenois, E Brassinne, J C Yernault, A De Troyer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes a major strain on the respiratory muscle pump, and it is conventionally thought that the inspiratory muscles of the neck adapt to this chronic overload by developing hypertrophy. Yet previous anthropometric studies have shown atrophy of the sternomastoid muscles. To solve this discrepancy, we have measured the cross-sectional area of these muscles by computed tomography. Ten stable patients with severe airflow obstruction (FEV1 = 0.76 +/- 0.12 L) and hyperinflation (FRC = 210 +/- 29% of predicted) and 10 control subjects matched for age, sex, and height were studied. The sternomastoid cross-sectional area in the patients averaged (mean +/- SD) 4.29 +/- 1.48 cm2, and that in the control subjects was 3.96 +/- 0.82 cm2. This small difference could be entirely accounted for by hyperinflation, and it was not statistically significant. Sternomastoid muscle torque in patients was also similar to that in the control subjects. In patients with severe COPD, therefore, the sternomastoid muscles are essentially normal. As a corollary, their frequent prominence on clinical examination is only apparent.
Anti-CD30 antibody conjugated liposomal doxorubicin with significantly improved therapeutic efficacy against anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Ommoleila Molavi, Xiao-Bing Xiong, Donna Douglas, Norm Kneteman, Satoshi Nagata, Ira Pastan, Quincy Chu, Afsaneh Lavasanifar, Raymond Lai
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Estimating the mortality impacts of particulate matter: what can be learned from between-study variability?
Authors: J I Levy, J K Hammitt, J D Spengler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Epidemiologic studies of the link between particulate matter (PM) concentrations and mortality rates have yielded a range of estimates, leading to disagreement about the magnitude of the relationship and the strength of the causal connection. Previous meta-analyses of this literature have provided pooled effect estimates, but have not addressed between-study variability that may be associated with analytical models, pollution patterns, and exposed populations. To determine whether study-specific factors can explain some of the variability in the time-series studies on mortality from particulate matter [less than/equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)), we applied an empirical Bayes meta-analysis. We estimate that mortality rates increase on average by 0.7% per 10 microg/m(3) increase in PM(10) concentrations, with greater effects at sites with higher ratios of particulate matter [less than/equal to] 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5))/PM(10). This finding did not change with the inclusion of a number of potential confounders and effect modifiers, although there is some evidence that PM effects are influenced by climate, housing characteristics, demographics, and the presence of sulfur dioxide and ozone. Although further analysis would be needed to determine which factors causally influence the relationship between PM(10) and mortality, these findings can help guide future epidemiologic investigations and policy decisions.
Urbanisation and infectious diseases in a globalised world
Authors: Emilie Alirol, Laurent Getaz, Beat Stoll, François Chappuis, Louis Loutan
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2011)

The world is becoming urban. The UN predicts that the world's urban population will almost double from 3·3 billion in 2007 to 6·3 billion in 2050. Most of this increase will be in developing countries. Exponential urban growth is having a profound effect on global health. Because of international travel and migration, cities are becoming important hubs for the transmission of infectious diseases, as shown by recent pandemics. Physicians in urban environments in developing and developed countries need to be aware of the changes in infectious diseases associated with urbanisation. Furthermore, health should be a major consideration in town planning to ensure urbanisation works to reduce the burden of infectious diseases in the future.
Absent tricuspid valve with aortic atresia in mixed levocardia (atria situs solitus, L-loop). A hitherto undescribed entity.
Authors: J I Brenner, S Bharati, W C Winn, M Lev
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Clinical, angiographic and pathologic features are described in a 36-hour-old male infant with mixed (discordant) levocardia, aortic valve atresia, absent tricuspid (left atrioventricular) valve and resultant massive cardiomegaly. This is the first reported case of this type of complex in a heart with discordant chambers. A possible embryologic explanation is offered for the concomitant presence of semilunar valve atresia and absence of the tricuspid valve.
Serum Antibodies to Huntingtin Interacting Protein-1: A New Blood Test for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sarah V. Bradley, Katherine I. Oravecz-Wilson, Gaelle Bougeard, Ikuko Mizukami, Lina Li, Anthony J. Munaco, Arun Sreekumar, Michael N. Corradetti, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Martin G. Sanda, Theodora S. Ross
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1) is frequently overexpressed in prostate cancer. HIP1 is a clathrin-binding protein involved in growth factor receptor trafficking that transforms fibroblasts by prolonging the half-life of growth factor receptors. In addition to human cancers, HIP1 is also overexpressed in prostate tumors from the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mouse model. Here we provide evidence that HIP1 plays an important role in mouse tumor development, as tumor formation in the TRAMP mice was impaired in the Hip1null/null background. In addition, we report that autoantibodies to HIP1 developed in the sera of TRAMP mice with prostate cancer as well as in the sera from human prostate cancer patients. This led to the development of an anti-HIP1 serum test in humans that had a similar sensitivity and specificity to the anti–α-methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) and prostate-specific antigen tests for prostate cancer and when combined with the anti-AMACR test yielded a specificity of 97%. These data suggest that HIP1 plays a functional role in tumorigenesis and that a positive HIP1 autoantibody test may be an important serum marker of prostate cancer.
Tower Microneedle Via Reverse Drawing Lithography for Innocuous Intravitreal Drug Delivery
Authors: Chang Yeol Lee, Kwang Lee, Yong Sung You, Sung Ho Lee, Hyungil Jung
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

The "tower microneedle" (TM) via reverse drawing lithography for intravitreal injection by fabricating a long hollow microneedle on the blunt hypodermic needle: The hollow hole between the microneedle and hypodermic needle is aligned concentrically, and fifteen degree bevel angle is introduced to TM by laser cutting to achieve intravitreal injection with minimal damage to eye tissue. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Longitudinal study of alveolitis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis patients: An immunologic evaluation
Authors: L. Trentin, G. Marcer, M. Chilosi, R. Zambello, C. Agostini, M. Masciarelli, R. Bizzotto, C. Gemignani, A. Cipriani, G. Di Vittorio, G. Semenzato
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in systemic sclerosis: association with disease severity
Authors: J Avouac, F Juin, J Wipff, P O Couraud, G Chiocchia, A Kahan, C Boileau, G Uzan, Y Allanore
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Heterogeneous data have been reported regarding the detection and number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in systemic sclerosis (SSc).We investigated the number of circulating EPCs using recent recommendations and we quantified their late outgrowth in patients with SSc and healthy controls.EPCs, defined as Lin-/7AAD-/CD34+/CD133+/VEGFR-2+ cells, were quantified in 50 patients with SSc (mean age: 55 (16) years, disease duration: 9 (9) years) and 26 controls (mean age: 53 (19) years) by cell sorting/flow cytometry and by counting late outgrowth colony-forming units (CFU).Patients with SSc displayed higher circulating EPC counts than controls (median 86 (5-282) vs 49 (5-275)) EPCs for 1 million Lin- mononuclear cells; p = 0.01). Lower EPC counts were associated with the higher Medsger's severity score (p = 0.01) and with the presence of past and/or current digital ulcers (p = 0.026). There was no difference for the number of late outgrowth EPC-CFUs between patients with SSc and controls in cell culture evaluation. The formation of colonies was associated with higher levels of circulating EPCs (p = 0.02) and the number of colonies correlated with levels of EPCs (R = 0.73, p = 0.0004), validating our combination of fluorescence-activated cell sorter surface markers.We quantified circulating EPCs with an accurate combination of markers herein validated. Our data demonstrate increased circulating EPC levels in SSc, supporting their mobilisation from bone marrow. Furthermore, the subset of patients with digital vascular lesions and high severity score displayed low EPC counts, suggesting increased homing at this stage. The predictive value of this biomarker now warrants further evaluation.
2014 Update of the EULAR standardised operating procedures for EULAR-endorsed recommendations
Authors: Désirée van der Heijde, Daniel Aletaha, Loreto Carmona, Christopher J Edwards, Tore K Kvien, Marios Kouloumas, Pedro Machado, Sue Oliver, Maarten de Wit, Maxime Dougados
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

In this article, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) standardised operating procedures for the elaboration, evaluation, dissemination and implementation of recommendations endorsed by the EULAR standing committees published in 2004 have been updated. The various steps from the application to implementation have been described in detail.
How I Review an Original Scientific Article
Authors: Frederic G. Hoppin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

experience, knowing the old stuff and (2) mastery of the relevant WHY WRITE THIS? science, i.e., being able to apply and relate scientific principles There has been substantial recent interest in the quality of the and findings to the new science. peer review system in biomedical publication, with several InterSeveral different areas of expertise may be relevant for a national Congresses (1) and a recent JAMA issue entirely degiven submission. A paper that is sent to me, for example, may voted to the topic (2). The quality of reviews of articles submitted include elements of clinical and applied science, general pulmofor publication varies widely (1, 3–5). Black and colleagues have nary physiology, basic lung and chest wall mechanics, mathematisuggested that their quality might be improved if journals trained cal modeling, or stereology. Although my expertise is uneven their reviewers (6). How do we currently learn the trade? Some among these topics and a submission often requires significant of us have learned by doing reviews, by fielding reviews of our expertise in disciplines that I cannot cover responsibly, the Assoown submissions, and by comparing our own reviews with other ciate Editor usually turns out to have selected reviewers to cover reviews of the same articles. When editorial consideration of a all main areas. submission is completed, the editorial offices generally forward
The carbohydrate maintenance properties of an experimental sports drink.
Authors: J. A. White, M. A. Ford
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

The effects of an experimental sports drink (Q) were compared with a commercial sports drink (D) of proven ergogenic efficacy. Seven highly trained subjects performed two hours of cycle ergometry exercise at approximately 65% maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) while receiving levels of Q and D in quantities designed to supply approximately 28% of the total energy requirement of the exercise task. Both Q and D formulations were supplied at 15 minute intervals at 16 degrees C, in volumes required to provide equivalent carbohydrate loads from two products of differing concentrations and compositions. Q was equally as effective as D in terms of the maintenance of plasma glucose concentrations during exercise, while selected physiological indices of work performance favoured Q. However, the time course of plasma glucose concentration changes during and after exercise indicated a trend towards more rapid uptake and assimilation of carbohydrate in the case of Q. The findings suggest that Q may provide a more readily available carbohydrate source during exercise and may enhance work performance through its ergogenic properties.
MELD score as a predictor of pretransplant and posttransplant survival in OPTN/UNOS status 1 patients
Authors: Walter K. Kremers, Marrije van IJperen, Ray W. Kim, Richard B. Freeman, Ann M. Harper, Patrick S. Kamath, Russell H. Wiesner
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score is predictive of survival and is used to prioritize patients with chronic liver disease patients for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The aims of this study are (1) to assess the ability of MELD score at listing to predict pretransplant and posttransplant survival for nonchronic liver disease patients listed with the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/ United Network for Organ Sharing (OPTN/UNOS) as Status 1; and (2) to compare survival associated with 4 diagnostic groups within the Status 1 designation. The study population consisted of adult patients listed for OLT at Status 1 in the UNOS national database between November 1, 1999 and March 14, 2002 (N = 720). Events within 30 days of listing were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methodology. Patients meeting criteria for fulminant hepatic failure without acetaminophen toxicity (FHF-NA, n = 312) had the poorest survival probability while awaiting OLT; this was negatively correlated with MELD score (P =.0001). These patients experienced the greatest survival benefit associated with OLT, with an estimated improvement of survival from about 58% to 91% (P <.0001). Patients listed for primary nonfunction within 7 days of OLT (n = 268) did not show mortality to be related to MELD score (P =.41) and did not show a significant association between survival and OLT (P =.68). In conclusion, liver allocation within the Status 1 designation may need to be further stratified by diagnosis, and MELD score may be useful for prioritizing FHF-NA candidates.
Azaspirane (N-N-diethyl-8,8-dipropyl-2-azaspiro [4.5] decane-2-propanamine) inhibits human multiple myeloma cell growth in the bone marrow milieu in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Makoto Hamasaki, Teru Hideshima, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Paola Neri, Kenji Ishitsuka, Hiroshi Yasui, Norihiko Shiraishi, Noopur Raje, Shaji Kumar, Donald H. Picker, Gary S. Jacob, Paul G. Richardson, Nikhil C. Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2005)
Disturbance of myocardial energy metabolism in experimental virus myocarditis by antibodies against the adenine nucleotide translocator
Authors: Karsten Schulze, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Claudia Christmann, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

The adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) of the inner mitochondrial membrane is an autoantigen in myocarditis and in dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinical and experimental studies showed that specific autoantibodies inhibit the transmembrane nucleotide transport. In isolated hearts of guinea pigs immunized with the ANT, energy metabolism is disturbed. This metabolic disorder is related to functionally active specific antibodies and to a reduced heart function. This study tests whether similar immunological, metabolical and functional responses also occur in experimental virus myocarditis.Experimental virus myocarditis was induced in A.SW/SnJ-mice by Coxsackie B3 virus infection. Specific antibodies against the ANT were detected by Western Blot in 14 out of 19 infected animals. In the isolated perfused hearts of five of these 14 mice cytosolic and mitochondrial ATP/ADP-ratios, determined by nonaqueous fractionation, were significantly altered, signalling a reduced ANT function [cytosolic ATP/ADP: 59 +/- 18 vs. 136 +/- 20 (controls), mitochondrial ATP/ADP: 4.2 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.3], all P < 0.05. Also, left ventricular pressure [43 +/- 9 vs. 78 +/- 6 mmHg (noninfected controls)], rate-pressure product (15.8 +/- 3.2 vs. 30.5 +/- 3.0 mmHg/min/1000), dp/dt (2410 +/- 222 vs. 3250 +/- 118 mmHg/s), and oxygen consumption (4.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 7.3 +/- 0.7 mumol/g/min), all P < 0.05, were lowered.The data support the hypothesis that a virus infection alters cardiac energy metabolism and function by an antibody-mediated modulation of the function of the ANT.
A case of sarcoid arthritis in a child
Authors: A. L. Thomas, C. S. Thomas, J. A. Dodge, J. D. Jessop
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

An 8-year-old girl presented with dyspnoea, weight loss, erythema nodosum, and an arthritis. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis with joint involvement was made. The clinical features of this unusual arthritis in a child and the response to corticosteroid therapy are described.
Arteriographic evaluation of vascular changes of the extremities in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: M. Hasegawa, Y. Nagai, A. Tamura, O. Ishikawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Although digital ulcerations frequently occur in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), there have been few reports on the macrovascular involvement.To evaluate the macrovascular involvement in patients with SSc exhibiting digital ulceration or gangrene.Transfemoral catheter arteriography of the upper and/or lower extremities was performed in eight patients (one man and seven women, age range 42-71 years) with SSc exhibiting digital ulceration or gangrene. The background of the patients, such as autoantibody profiles and vascular risk factors including smoking habits, was also investigated.Macrovascular involvement was detected in seven of eight patients. In three of seven patients who underwent arteriography of the upper extremity, occlusion was limited to the digital arteries. Obliteration of the ulnar artery and superficial palmar arch was detected in three of seven patients, and the radial artery in one patient. Only one of five patients who underwent arteriography of the lower extremity showed the occlusion limited to digital arteries of the foot. Occlusion of the posterior tibial artery, dorsalis pedis artery and arcuate artery was detected, each in one patient. Two patients showed occlusion of the plantar arch. Overall, the occlusion of arteries proximal to the digits was demonstrated in four of eight patients. Three of the four patients were positive for antitopoisomerase-1 antibody and had diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) with multiple skin ulcers or gangrene.Macrovascular involvement as detected with arteriography is not rare in SSc patients with digital ulceration or gangrene. Moreover, the vascular occlusion proximal to the digits seemed to be frequent in antitopoisomerase-1 antibody-positive dcSSc patients with multiple skin ulcers or gangrene.
CXCL10 Promotes Invasion-Related Properties in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Adi Zipin-Roitman, Tsipi Meshel, Orit Sagi-Assif, Bruria Shalmon, Camila Avivi, Raphael M. Pfeffer, Isaac P. Witz, Adit Ben-Baruch
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

CXCL10 was recently shown to exert antimalignancy functions by influencing the tumor microenvironment. Here, we have taken a different approach, investigating the effects of CXCL10 directly on tumor-promoting functions in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. CXCL10 expression was detected in preferred metastatic sites of CRC (liver, lungs, and lymph nodes), and its CXCR3 receptor was expressed by eight CRC cell lines (detected: reverse transcription-PCR and/or flow cytometry). Detailed analysis was done on two cell lines derived from primary CRC tumors (SW480, KM12C) and their metastatic descendents (SW620 and KM12SM). The three known variants of CXCR3 (CXCR3-A, CXCR3-B, and CXCR3-alt) were detected in all four cell lines. CXCR3 expression was also observed on colorectal tumor cells in biopsies of CRC patients (immunohistochemistry). CXCL10 and CXCR3 expression were potently induced in CRC cells by Interferon gamma and all four CRC cell lines responded to CXCL10 by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 dephosphorylation. The chemokine did not affect tumor cell growth or angiogenesis-related functions in the tumor cells, such as CXCL8 and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. Importantly, CXCL10 significantly up-regulated invasion-related properties in CRC cells: It promoted matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and induced CRC cell migration. Of note, CXCL10-induced migration was detected only in the two metastatic cells and not in their primary counterparts. Also, CXCL10 promoted the adhesion of metastatic cells to laminin. These results suggest that CXCL10 can be exploited by CRC cells toward their progression, thus possibly antagonizing the antimalignancy effects of the chemokine on the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, care should be taken when considering CXCL10 as a therapeutic antitumor modality for CRC treatment.