tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-260 Pcr and toxin eia in diagnosing and predicting outcome of clostridium difficile infection in an island population: Abstract PTU-260 Table 1
Authors: S Kumar, R Pollok, I Muscat, T Planche
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) can be life-threatening, with an estimated mortality of up to 15%. The clinical significance of a positive PCR test in CDI remains unclear. We compared clinical characteristics, inflammatory markers and mortality in CD toxin positive patients with toxin negative, PCR positive individuals. We also aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of toxin positive CDI. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective case-control study was conducted at the Jersey General Hospital of patients who developed CDI between 2008 and 2012. For each toxin positive case, 2 age/sex/ward/period-matched controls without diarrhoea were selected randomly. 131 toxin negative, GDH positive samples had PCR using Cepheid Xpert. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics and 30 day case-fatality rate were collated. <h3>Results</h3> During the study, 207 patients were toxin positive, 92 PCR positive and toxin negative and 39 had a stool sample negative by both toxin and PCR testing. A positive toxin EIA stool sample was associated with both significantly higher WCC (14.5 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L versus 11.3 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L, p = 0.003) and CRP (114.7 mg/dL versus 82.9 mg/dL, p = 0.001) but PCR positivity was not (p &gt; 0.05). A positive toxin EIA test was a significant independent predictor of death (OR: 1.89 [95% CI: 1.0–3.4], p = 0.046) but a positive NAAT in the absence of EIA-detectable toxin was not (OR: 1.0 [95% CI: 0.3–3.1], p = 1.0). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that alcoholic/liver disease (p = 0.042), urinary tract infection (p = &lt;0.0001), gastrointestinal disease (p = 0.001), exposure to antimicrobial therapy (p = &lt;0.0001) and acid supression (p = &lt;0.0001) in the previous 28 days were significantly associated with the development of toxin positive CDI. Amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, carbapenem, cefalexin, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav, gentamicin, vancomycin and metronidazole were associated with the development of toxin positive CDI. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In toxin negative CDI, PCR neither predicts disease severity nor mortality. However, it may have a role in disease surveillance and infection control. Judicious use of antibiotics and PPIs can play an important role in the prevention of CDI. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Conventional versus cytokinetic polychemotherapy with estrogenic recruitment in metastatic breast cancer: results of a randomized cooperative trial.
Authors: P F Conte, P Pronzato, A Rubagotti, A Alama, D Amadori, R Demicheli, G Gardin, P Gentilini, A Jacomuzzi, R Lionetto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) can induce a recruitment into the proliferative pool of previously resting breast cancer cells in vivo. In order to verify if estrogenic recruitment could result in a larger tumor cell killing by chemotherapy, 117 patients with metastatic breast cancer were randomized to receive CEF (cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/m2; epidoxorubicin, 60 mg/m2; and 5-fluorouracil, 600 mg/m2 on day 1); DES-CEF (cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/m2 on day 1; DES, 1 mg orally on days 5, 6, and 7; and epidoxorubicin, 60 mg/m2, and 5-fluorouracil, 600 mg/m2, on day 8) every 21 days. No significant difference in objective response rates, survival, or progression-free survival was seen between the two regimens. Patients in the DES-CEF arm experienced a higher complete response (CR) rate (24.1% v 16.1%), which reached statistical significance in the case of soft-tissue metastasis (48% v 27.3%; P less than .05) and estrogen receptor-negative tumors (35.7% v 11.1%; P less than .025). Survival and progression-free survival of patients refractory to treatment were not worsened by estrogenic recruitment. In the subset of patients failing after adjuvant polychemotherapy, DES-CEF unexpectedly induced a significantly longer survival (greater than 802 days v 375 days; P = .029) and progression-free survival (239 days v 192 days; P = .041) than CEF. The DES-CEF regimen was more myelotoxic, and 43.3% of the DES-CEF cycles had to be delayed because of leukopenia in comparison with 11.8% of the CEF cycles (P less than .0001). In conclusion, chemotherapy with estrogenic recruitment was able to induce more CRs in certain subsets of patients and a significant prolongation in survival and progression-free survival of patients failing after adjuvant polychemotherapy. These results have been achieved despite a significantly lower dose intensity of chemotherapy.
Atrial Septal Defect in Infancy
Authors: D KAVANAGH-GRAY
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Extended versus involved fields irradiation combined with MOPP chemotherapy in early clinical stages of Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: R Zittoun, A Audebert, B Hoerni, A Bernadou, M Krulik, J Rojouan, H Eghbali, H Merle-Béral, Y Parlier, J Diebold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

From 1976 to 1981, 335 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease, clinical stages I, II, and IIIA, have been treated by MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) chemotherapy, three to six cycles according to the prognostic factors, combined with radiotherapy. Irradiation was always performed after the first three cycles of chemotherapy, and was randomized between extensive radiotherapy, ie, mantle and paraaortic areas for supradiaphragmatic presentations, and radiotherapy restricted to the involved areas. No significant difference was observed between the two randomized branches for the disease-free survival (86% after six years in the involved field branch v 90% in the extended field branch), and none for the overall survival. Most of the relapses occurred in nonirradiated areas in the first group, and in irradiated areas in the second. Relapses were especially frequent in the IIE stages with pulmonary extension; extranodal relapses occurred with osseous and cutaneous localizations. Two cases of secondary leukemia were observed after three- or six-cycle MOPP plus radiotherapy limited to the involved areas.
Dose-response is alive and well.
Authors: V T DeVita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.8.1157 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3525764 Dose-response is alive and well. V T DeVitaxV T DeVitaSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.8.1157 First Page PDF © 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Abstract 18297: Clinical and Prognostic Utility of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Myeloma Patients With Suspected Amyloidosis
Authors: Sabha Bhatti, Evan Watts, Fahd Syed, Abdul Hakeem
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Upto 30% of patients with multiple myeloma have AL amyloidosis and cardiac involvement is associated with worse outcomes in these patients. Traditional screening modalities including EKG, echocardiography and biomarkers have limited value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of “screening” cardiac MRI in a large multiple myeloma population at a large specialized referral center. Methods &amp; Results: 164 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma who underwent cardiac MRI between 6/2005 and 10/2011 were enrolled in this study. Primary endpoint was all cause death. Clinical, EKG, echocardiographic, biomarker and MRI predictors for death were analyzed. Mean age of population was 63+10 years, 40% females and 16% African Americans. 30% of the population had MRI evidence of cardiac involvement. There were 26 patients who had biopsy proven systemic amyloidosis, of whom 62% showed cardiac involvement on MRI. 81% patients with confirmed cardiac amyloidosis on endomyocardial biopsy had typical MR pattern of cardiac involvement. During a median follow up period of 702 days (mean 1019 (950) days), there were 59 deaths (36%). Amyloid pattern on cardiac MRI (OR 2.19), elevated BNP and increased LV wall thickness on MRI were significant predictors of mortality . (All p&lt;0.05) Conclusions: This is the largest study to date evaluating the role of cardiac MRI in multiple myeloma patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis. Cardiac MRI is a clinically robust tool for risk stratification of this subset of patients.
Erythematous Plaques and Violaceous Nodules on Extensor Surfaces
Authors: Andrew Raul Villanueva, Laurence Bradley, Ife Rodney
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Abstract 18544: Bloods Loss in Dabigatran Anticoagulated Pigs With Polytrauma is Significantly Reduced by Early Therapy With Activated and Non-activated Prothrombin Complex Concentrates
Authors: Oliver Grottke, Markus Honickel, Joanne van Ryn, Hugo ten Cate, Henri Spronk, Rolf Rossaint
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The reversal of the new oral anticoagulants in severely bleeding patients with prothrombin complex concentrates remains uncertain with conflicting evidence. This study assessed the ability of a four-factor PCC and activated PCC (aPCC) to reverse dabigatran anticoagulation in a porcine polytrauma model. Methods: After ethical approval, male pigs (n=30) were given dabigatran etexilate for 3 days (30 mg/kg bid PO), the sham group (n=6) received placebo. To accomplish supratherapeutic anticoagulation, dabigatran was infused for 90 min (30 min: 0.77 mg/kg/h; 60 min 0.52 mg/kg/min) prior to injury on day 4 in anaesthetized pigs. A standardized blunt liver injury and bilateral femur fractures were induced. Following hemorrhagic shock, resuscitation was started 5 min after trauma and blood loss (BL) was recorded 12 min post trauma. Randomized animals (n=6/group) received a single injection of PCC or aPCC (25 and 50 IU/kg), or vehicle (control). BL and hemodynamic variables were monitored over 5 h or until time of death. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (± SD). Results: After infusion and prior to injury dabigatran levels were 559 ± 36 ng/mL and remained elevated throughout. In contrast to sham animals (BL: 601 ± 137 mL), BL in in all anticoagulated animals was significantly elevated 12 min post injury (BL : 791 ± 54 mL). Anticoagulation with dabigatran without PCC therapy resulted in a total BL of 3774 ± 628 mL) with 100% mortality (survival time: 65-146 min; p&lt;0.05 vs PCC/aPCC 50 IU/kg treated animals). Although the onset of bleeding was reduced in animals receiving 25 IU/kg PCC or aPCC, total BL (PCC: 3679 ± 782 mL; aPCC: 3638 ± 474 mL) was similar to control animals. In contrast, application of 50 IU/kg PCC (1767 ± 135 mL) or aPCC (1647 ± 302 mL) showed a significant reduction in total BL with 100% survival. Conclusions: This porcine model demonstrates that high doses of PCC and aPCC application of PCC may be a reasonable intervention for dabigatran-treated patients with life-threatening haemorrhage, though these data need clinical confirmation.
A New Abnormal Hemoglobin O Padova, α 30 (B11) Glu → Lys, and a Dyserythropoietic Anemia With Erythroblastic Multinuclearity Coexisting in the Same Patient
Authors: L. Vettore, G. De Sandre, E. E. Di lorio, K. H. Winterhalter, A. Lang, H. Lehmann
Journal: Blood (1974)
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of a New Taxoid, RPR 109881A, Given as a 1-Hour Intravenous Infusion in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Takayasu Kurata, Yasuhiro Shimada, Tomohide Tamura, Noboru Yamamoto, Ichinosuke Hyodo, Toshiaki Saeki, Shigemitsu Takashima, Keiichi Fujiwara, Hideyuki Wakasugi, Masaki Kashimura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

RPR 109881A is a new semisynthetic taxoid compound that has a similar mechanism of action to docetaxel. The purpose of this phase I study was to characterize the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicity profile, pharmacokinetic profile, and antitumor effects of this agent.Nineteen eligible patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled. RPR 109881A was administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks at doses ranging from 15 to 75 mg/m(2). Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed at the first cycle.Neutropenia (febrile neutropenia) and fatigue were dose-limiting toxicities at doses of 60 and 75 mg/m(2) and seemed to be dose-related. Both thrombocytopenia and anemia were infrequent. Nonhematologic toxicities were generally mild. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that RPR 109881A plasma disposition was bi- or triphasic, with a high total plasma clearance, a large volume of distribution, and a long terminal half-life. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and the peak concentration of RPR 109881A seemed to increase with increasing dose proportionally, suggesting linear pharmacokinetics. Urinary excretion over 48 hours was low, with a mean of 0.8 +/- 0.36% of the administered dose. A significant relationship existed between the percentage decrease of neutrophil counts and the AUC of RPR 109881A. Among 18 assessable patients, two partial and two minor responses were documented.RPR 109881A was found to be a well-tolerated and promising taxoid agent. The MTD was 75 mg/m(2), and the recommended dose for phase II study was 60 mg/m(2) as a 1-hour infusion every 3 weeks.
‘Varnish the Business for the Ladies’: Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall
Authors: E H Jellinek
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1999)

Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) aroused strong feelings. Samuel Taylor Coleridgel said '[his] style is detestable, but his style is not the worst thing about him'. But his works, the multivolume Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire2 and the Autobiography3 published in the year after his death by his friend and literary executor J B Holroyd (Lord Sheffield), have not been out of print for over 200 years and are fun to read, especially the shorter Autobiography, which was expanded by Lord Sheffield with extracts from Gibbon's letters and his own observations. It is rich in data about Gibbon's health and death; and there have been comprehensive later publications of Gibbon's diaries and letters4. Gibbon has attracted many excellent biographers (including Leslie Stephen7, J B Bury3, D M Low8, G M Young9, J W Burrow10) but only the biologist Sir Gavin de Beer11'12 has discussed Gibbon's longstanding, and ultimately fatal, affliction. Sir Geoffrey Keynes'3 work on Gibbon was confined to his library, and Roy Porter's14 to literary and historical criticism. Recent transatlantic students15'16 have indulged, like de Beer, in 'psycho-biography', but Gibbon himself had written stylishly and explicitly about his feelings and inclinations, as he had done about his 'organic' symptoms3 4. Gibbon was the first born of a wealthy City of London family:
Metabolic Profiling of Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Vascular Function Reveals Circulating Biomarkers of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Gregory D. Lewis, Debby Ngo, Anna R. Hemnes, Laurie Farrell, Carly Domos, Paul P. Pappagianopoulos, Bishnu P. Dhakal, Amanda Souza, Xu Shi, Meredith E. Pugh, Arkadi Beloiartsev, Sumita Sinha, Clary B. Clish, Robert E. Gerszten
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Congenital Cutaneous and Visceral Melanomas of Sinclair Miniature Swine: Three Case Reports2
Authors: P. J. Manning, L. E. Millikan, V. S. Cox, K. D. Carey, R. R. Hook
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Melanotic lesions of skin and viscera are common in Sinclair miniature swine. Large exophytic melanomas of the skin invariably regress, and regression may be responsible for melanosis of local and regional lymph nodes and some visceral organs. Malignant transformation and metastasis of cutaneous melanomas are uncommon and primary visceral melanomas were heretofore unrecorded. Described are clinical and light microscopic characteristics of melanomas in 3 miniature pigs: a) one pig with a massive, possibly primary, melanoma of the mediastinum, b) one that died with widespread lymphatic and focal pulmonary metastasis of congenital melanomas of the skin, and c) one in which both a large congenital cutaneous melanoma and associated metastatic melanomas in regional lymph nodes regressed completely.
Differences in the patterns of presentation and treatment between proximal and distal gastric cancers
Authors: N. W. Wilkinson, J. Howe, L. Patel-Parekh, B. Smith, C. Scott-Conner, J. Donohue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

4022 Background: While the overall incidence of gastric cancer has declined in the United States, the incidence of proximal gastric cancers has increased. Understanding the differences between proximal and distal gastric cancer, may enable us to identify important risk factors and treatment patterns. Methods: Data on 6099 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma were collected as a Patient Care Evaluation under the auspices of the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer. Clearly defined proximal and distal cancers were compared using the Pearson chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The proximal cancer group included 1924 patients (87% cardia; 13% fundus) and the distal cancer group included 1312 patients (85% antrum; 15% pylorus). Proximal gastric cancers occurred more often in men (p&lt;0.0001), whites (compared to Black, Hispanic, Native American and Asian races) (p&lt;0.0001), and at younger age (p&lt;0.0001) compared to distal cancers. Risk factors for proximal presentation included tobacco use (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.9, p= 0.002) alchohol use (HR 1.5, p= 0.038) and Barretts (HR 2.7, p&lt;0.0001). Risk factors for distal presentation included H. Pylori (HR 2.3, p= 0.001). Despite increased use of multi-modality therapy, fewer proximal gastric cancers underwent resection compared to distal cancers (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Different risk factors can be identified for proximal and distal gastric cancers, which can impact on risk reduction, screening efforts and help define the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. While proximal cancer patients receive more aggressive multimodality treatments, including adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy, fewer undergo surgical resection. Long term survival based upon proximal and distal tumor differences will be explored when follow-up data become available.Key Words: gastric adenocarcinoma, proximal gastric cancer, distal gastric cancer, risk factors, treatment. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Increased cerebrospinal fluid soluble TREM2 concentration in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Amanda Heslegrave, Wendy Heywood, Ross Paterson, Nadia Magdalinou, Johan Svensson, Per Johansson, Annika Öhrfelt, Kaj Blennow, John Hardy, Jonathan Schott, Kevin Mills, Henrik Zetterberg
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2016)

The discovery that heterozygous missense mutations in the gene encoding triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with only the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene allele conferring a higher risk, has led to increased interest in immune biology in the brain. TREM2 is expressed on microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and has been linked to phagocytotic clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques. Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) has previously been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by ELISA but in our hands commercial kits have proved unreliable, suggesting that other methods may be required. We developed a mass spectrometry method using selected reaction monitoring for the presence of a TREM2 peptide, which can be used to quantify levels of sTREM2 in CSF. We examined CSF samples from memory clinics in Sweden and the UK. For all samples the following were available: clinical diagnosis, age, sex, and measurements of the CSF AD biomarkers Aβ42, T-tau and P-tau181. AD patients (n = 37) all met biomarker (IWG2) criteria for AD. Control individuals (n = 22) were cognitively normal without evidence for AD in CSF. We found significantly higher sTREM2 concentration in AD compared to control CSF. There were significant correlations between CSF sTREM2 and T-tau as well as P-tau181. CSF sTREM2 increase in AD was replicated in a second, independent cohort consisting of 24 AD patients and 16 healthy volunteers. CSF concentrations of sTREM2 are higher in AD than in controls, and correlate with markers of neurodegeneration. CSF sTREM2 may be used to quantify glial activation in AD.
WITHDRAWN: Welcome to this special issue of AJPS on Inhalation drug delivery
Authors: Philippe Rogueda, Hui Xin Ong, Oscar Liu, Darragh Murnane
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.