tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Circulating interleukin-6 levels in patients with bronchial asthma.
Authors: A Yokoyama, N Kohno, S Fujino, H Hamada, Y Inoue, S Fujioka, S Ishida, K Hiwada
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were determined using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay in adults with asthma in stable condition during naturally occurring attacks and before and after allergen inhalation tests. IL-6 was significantly elevated even in asymptomatic asthmatic subjects (n = 17) compared with normal control subjects (n = 17). During naturally occurring asthmatic attacks, serum IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in comparison with those in a symptom-free condition (4 wk interval; n = 8, p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed in serum IL-6 levels obtained from control asymptomatic asthmatic subjects during the period (n = 10). There was a significant elevation in circulating IL-6 levels in eight asthmatic patients following inhalation of allergen but not methacholine. These results suggest that IL-6 is involved in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma.
SURVIVAL FACTORS IN AMERICAN PRISONERS OF WAR OF THE JAPANESE
Authors: J. E. NARDINI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

The prolonged miserable circumstances of living during 3½ years of imprisonment as prisoners of war of the Japanese have been outlined. An estimated 12,000 of 30,000, or 40%, survived this experience unique in the history of American people. An attempt has been made to state some of the factors that seemed to the writer to influence survival favorably. These factors in summary consisted of a strong motivation for life with persistent exertion of will, good general intelligence, good constitution, emotional insensitivity or well-controlled and balanced sensitivity, a preserved sense of humor, a strong sense of obligation to others, controlled fantasy life, courage, successful active or passive resistance to the captors, luck, opportunism, and a few preceding years of military experience.
AN APPRAISAL OF ANTIRACHITICS IN TERMS OF RAT AND CLINICAL UNITS
Authors: ALFRED F. HESS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

It has become increasingly evident that there are now available a considerable number of valuable, indeed almost specific, agents for the prevention of rickets. This fact needs no additional confirmation except in detail: There are, in all, five reliable and well established antirachitics, each one of which represents a distinct and different pharmacologic point of view. The first to be established was cod liver oil, a natural product; the second to be introduced was direct irradiation of the body by means of ultraviolet energy; the third was irradiated food, particularly milk, activated by exposure to ultraviolet radiations; the fourth, an irradiated basic substance, ergosterol, extracted from yeast; the fifth, representing still another method, was "yeast milk," a biologic product endowed with antirachitic potency as the result of feeding irradiated yeast to the cow. In addition to these five established agents there are numerous others which consist of various modifications or
Antagonlstic Effects on the Sinus Node of Acetylstrophanthidin and Adrenergic Stimulation
Authors: R. A. Nadeau, T. N. James
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

In a previous study with direct perfusion of the canine sinus node it was shown that high concentrations of rapid acting cardiac gl3 r cosides slowed the heart rate and caused sinus arrest. 1 This negative chronotropic effect was not modified by vagotomy or atropin.\It was further observed that epineplrrine injected into the sinus node artery transiently restored sinus rhythm when arrest followed perfuaion of either aeetylstrophanthidin or digoxin.In the present work the accelerator response of the sinus node to epinephxine and to right stellate ganglion stimulation was determined before and at regular intervals after direct perfusion with acetylstrophanthidin.* Methods Twelve dogs weighing 10 to 15 kg were anesthetized with iatraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg).After traeheal intubation for mechanical ventilation, the heart was exposed through a midsternal incision.A small polyethylene catheter was inserted into the ligated distal portion of the right coronary artery and wedged into the branch supplying the sinus node.The details of tho preparation have been described elsewhere. 2' 8 AcetyTstroplianthidin for sinus node perfusion was prepared at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 /ig/ml in Ringer's solution.Epinephrine hydroehloride was diluted in Ringer's to a concentration o£ 0.1 /ug/rnl for injection into the sinus node artery.The right stellate ganglion was exposed in the thorax and stimulated with an electronic square wave stimulator, at a frequency of 30 impulses/ sec, with an impulse duration of 1 msec at supra-
Oxidation of Ovarian Epithelial Cancer Cells by Hypochlorous Acid Enhances Immunogenicity and Stimulates T Cells that Recognize Autologous Primary Tumor
Authors: Cheryl L-L. Chiang, Jonathan A. Ledermann, Egla Aitkens, Elizabeth Benjamin, David R. Katz, Benjamin M. Chain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Hypochlorous acid, a product of neutrophil myeloperoxidase, is a powerful enhancer of antigen processing and presentation. In this study, we examine whether ovarian epithelial cells (SK-OV-3) exposed to hypochlorous acid can stimulate T cells from patients with ovarian epithelial cancer that recognize common tumor antigens as well as autologous tumor. Experimental Design: T cells from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2+ and HLA-A2− patients or healthy controls were stimulated with autologous dendritic cells cocultured with the generic ovarian tumor line SK-OV-3, previously exposed to hypochlorous acid. Results: Hypochlorous acid–treated SK-OV-3 cells drove expansion of CD8+ T cells from HLA-A2+ individuals, which recognized the HLA-A2–restricted tumor antigen epitopes of HER-2/neu (E75 and GP2) and MUC1 (M1.1 and M1.2). Up to 4.1% of the T cells were positive for the HER-2/neu KIFGSLAFL epitope using pentamer staining. Dendritic cells loaded with oxidized SK-OV-3 cells and further matured with CD40 agonistic antibody or monophosphoryl lipid A additionally induced CD4+ class II–restricted responses. Critically, T cells stimulated with mature oxidized SK-OV-3 (but not a control oxidized melanoma cell line) directly recognized autologous tumor cells isolated from patient ascites. Conclusions: Immunization with mature dendritic cells loaded with a generic oxidized tumor cell line stimulates a polyclonal antitumor response that recognizes autologous tumor. These findings suggest a new immunotherapeutic strategy to extend remission in ovarian cancer.
[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in aggressive lymphoma: an early prognostic tool for predicting patient outcome
Authors: Corinne Haioun, Emmanuel Itti, Alain Rahmouni, Pauline Brice, Jean-Didier Rain, Karim Belhadj, Philippe Gaulard, Laurent Garderet, Eric Lepage, Felix Reyes, Michel Meignan
Journal: Blood (2005)
Direct iodine supplementation of infants versus supplementation of their breastfeeding mothers: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Raschida R Bouhouch, Sabir Bouhouch, Mohamed Cherkaoui, Abdelmounaim Aboussad, Sara Stinca, Max Haldimann, Maria Andersson, Michael B Zimmermann
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2013)
Hydrocortisone choleresis in the dog
Authors: Veronika Macarol, Thomas Q. Morris, Katharine J. Baker, Stanley E. Bradley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solu-Cortef; Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.) has been found to induce choleresis in unanesthetized fasting dogs fitted with Thomas duodenal cannulae for direct quantitative collection of bile. In all experiments, bile flow increased (average, 68%) 15-20 min after beginning hydrocortisone by infusion in association with an equivalent increment in the output of sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate. In five animals, the choleretic response occurred independently of, and apparently additive to, the effect of simultaneously administered sodium taurocholate. The fluid added to the bile resembled an ultrafiltrate of plasma. Erythritol clearance increased in proportion to flow, suggesting an effect at the hepatocellular rather than ductal level and probably independent, therefore, of endogenous secretin release. Hydrocortisone and its metabolites were excreted in amounts too small to induce choleresis osmotically. Simultaneous administration of sulfobromophthalein sodium blocked the choleretic response without preventing hydrocortisone excretion. The data suggest that a previously ill-defined mechanism of canalicular bile formation, not mediated by bile salt excretion, may be operative in choleretic response to a variety of agents.
Effect of BRAFV600E mutation on transcription and post-transcriptional regulation in a papillary thyroid carcinoma model
Authors: Susanne Cahill, Paul Smyth, Karen Denning, Richard Flavin, Jinghuan Li, Astrid Potratz, Simone M Guenther, Richard Henfrey, John J O'Leary, Orla Sheils
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2007)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding single stranded RNAs measuring approximately 22 nucleotides in length that have been found to control cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. They negatively regulate target genes and have recently been implicated in tumourigenesis. Furthermore, miRNA expression profiling correlates with various cancers, with these genes thought to act as both tumour suppressors and oncogenes. Recently, a point mutation in the BRAF gene leading to a V600E substitution has been identified as the most common genetic change in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) occurring in 29-69% of cases. This mutation leads to aberrant MAPK activation that is implicated in tumourigenesis.The aim of this study was to identify the effect that BRAF oncogene has on post-transcriptional regulation in PTC by using microRNA analysis.A unique miRNA expression signature differentiated between PTC cell lines with BRAF mutations and a normal thyroid cell line. 15 miRNAs were found to be upregulated and 23 miRNAs were downregulated. Several of these up/down regulated miRNAs may be involved in PTC pathogenesis. miRNA profiling will assist in the elucidation of disease pathogenesis and identification biomarkers and targets.
Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 for prophylaxis of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled GETAID trial
Authors: P. Marteau, M. Lémann, P. Seksik, D. Laharie, J. F. Colombel, Y. Bouhnik, G. Cadiot, J. C. Soulé, A. Bourreille, E. Metman, Eric Lerebours, F. Carbonnel, J. L. Dupas, M. Veyrac, B. Coffin, J. Moreau, V. Abitbol, S. Blum-Sperisen, J. Y. Mary
Journal: Gut (2005)

Early endoscopic recurrence is frequent after intestinal resection for Crohn's disease. Bacteria are involved, and probiotics may modulate immune responses to the intestinal flora. Here we tested the probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 in this setting.This was a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study. Patients were eligible if they had undergone surgical resection of <1 m, removing all macroscopic lesions within the past 21 days. Patients were randomised to receive two packets per day of lyophilised LA1 (2 x 10(9) cfu) or placebo for six months; no other treatment was allowed. The primary endpoint was endoscopic recurrence at six months, with grade >1 in Rutgeerts' classification or an adapted classification for colonic lesions. Endoscopic score was the maximal grade of ileal and colonic lesions. Analyses were performed primarily on an intent to treat basis.Ninety eight patients were enrolled (48 in the LA1 group). At six months, endoscopic recurrence was observed in 30/47 patients (64%) in the placebo group and in 21/43 (49%) in the LA1 group (p = 0.15). Per protocol analysis confirmed this result. Endoscopic score distribution did not differ significantly between the LA1 and placebo groups. There were four clinical recurrences in the LA1 group and three in the placebo group.L johnsonii LA1 (4 x 10(9) cfu/day) did not have a sufficient effect, if any, to prevent endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease.
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in adolescents with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Karen F. Murray, Leszek Szenborn, Jacek Wysocki, Stephen Rossi, Amoreena C. Corsa, Phillip Dinh, John McHutchison, Phillip S. Pang, Luminita M. Luminos, Malgorzata Pawlowska, Jacek Mizerski
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) is highly effective for the suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in chronically infected adults. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of tenofovir DF in adolescents with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adolescents 12 to <18 years of age with CHB were randomized to tenofovir DF 300 mg (n = 52) or placebo (n = 54) once daily for 72 weeks. The primary endpoint was virologic response (HBV DNA <400 copies/mL) at week 72. One hundred six patients were enrolled; 101 patients completed 72 weeks of treatment. At baseline, 91% of patients were hepatitis B e antigen–positive and 85% had prior exposure to HBV therapy. A virologic response was observed in 89% (46/52) of patients who received tenofovir DF and 0% (0/54) of patients who received placebo (P < 0.001). Treatment response was not affected by prior HBV treatment. Furthermore, no resistance to tenofovir DF developed through week 72. Among patients with an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level greater than the upper limit of normal at baseline, normalization of ALT occurred in 74% of patients receiving tenofovir DF and 31% of patients receiving placebo (P < 0.001). The rate of grade 3/4 adverse events was higher among patients treated with placebo (24%) than patients treated with tenofovir DF (10%). No patients met the safety endpoint of a 6% decrease in spine bone mineral density at week 72. Conclusion: Tenofovir DF therapy in HBV-infected adolescents was well tolerated and highly effective at suppressing HBV DNA and normalizing ALT values in both treatment-naïve adolescents and those with prior exposure to HBV therapy. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:2018–2026)
Endoscopic diagnosis of a bleeding ileal carcinoid tumour.
Authors: W D Rees, J Bancewicz
Journal: Gut (1984)

Carcinoid tumour accounts for one per cent of all gastrointestinal neoplasms and has been reported in 0.5% of appendicectomy specimens. Local gastrointestinal complications occur infrequently and we report a case of repeated and massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage from a non-metabolically active carcinoid tumour of the distal ileum diagnosed by colonoscopy.
The Changing Face of Young-Onset Diabetes: Type 1 Optimism Mellowed by Type 2 Concerns
Authors: Trevor J. Orchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Until recently the outlook for a youth or young adult diagnosed with diabetes, which was almost universally type 1, was bleak. Indeed, using data from the National Health Interview Survey as recent as from 1984 to 2000, it was estimated that U.S. children diagnosed with diabetes at 10 years of age had a life expectancy approximately 19 years less than seen in the general population (1). However, more recent data from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study suggest those diagnosed with childhood-onset diabetes between 1965 and 1980 have a life expectancy of almost 69 years, which is less than 4 years lower than the comparable U.S. population (2). This good news has been accompanied by the observation from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) study that virtually all of the excess mortality seen in type 1 diabetes is related to the development of micro- or macroalbuminuria (3). This seminal observation has been confirmed and extended for up to a 20-year period in the EDC population (4).

The improved prognosis, in terms of mortality, has been accompanied by a dramatic reduction (5) or delay (6) in the incidence of end-stage renal disease. Interestingly, the decline in cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of overall mortality in diabetes, is less marked (5). One cautionary note, however, has to be made concerning the improvement in mortality of patients with type 1 diabetes. In a recent analysis of over 17,000 individuals in Finland, diagnosed between 1970 and 1999, Harjutsalo et al. (7) compared the time trends of mortality for those diagnosed at an age less than 15 years to those diagnosed at an age of 15 through 29 years. Although a very significant fall was seen in mortality over time for the young-onset group, consistent with the Pittsburgh EDC population (who were …
DIFFERENCES IN CORONARY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND FINDINGS IN EARLY, LATE, AND VERY LATE STENT THROMBOSIS AFTER SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION.
Authors: Masashi Kimura, Soichiro Ebisawa, Nobuyoshi Tanaka, Kenya Nasu, Mariko Ehara, Tatsuya Ito, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Etsuo Tsuchikae, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Yasushi Asaskura, Osamu Katoh, Takahiko Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Cellular and genetic restrictions in the immunoregulatory activity of alpha-fetoprotein. I. Selective inhibition of anti-Ia-associated proliferative reactions.
Authors: A B Peck, R A Murgita, H Wigzell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a major alpha-globulin component of fetal and newborn sera, has earlier been shown to exert significant immunosuppressive activity in vitro on T-dependent-immune responses. In the present investigation we have examined the effects of AFP on the recognition and proliferation of T lymphocytes responding in mixed leukocyte culture against histocompatibility-associated alloantigens. Fetal-derived AFP could be shown to exert differential effects on both primary and secondary responses ranging from strong inhibition to occasional enhancement, depending on the stimulating antigens. Proliferative responses against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I region determinants, mediated predominantly by Ly 1 + cells, were markedly suppressed. Suppression was also observed in responses against Mls locus products, an antigenic system whose recognition requires concomitant recognition of I region gene products on the stimulating cells. In contrast, responses against MHC K or D region determinants, mediated predominantly by Ly 2 + cells, were generally unaffected by AFP. Similarly, non-MHC loci alloantigens distinct from Mls locus products also induced T-cell proliferation which was refractive to suppression by AFP. Because neither Ly 1 + nor Ly 2 + cells responding in this latter situation could be inhibited by AFP, we concluded that the mere fact that a T cell expresses a particular Ly phenotype does not predetermine sensitivity to AFP-induced suppression. In any case, AFP exerts a highly selective suppressive activity on I region-associated immune responses. These data may help to resolve the present controversy over the possibility that AFP has an in vivo relevance as an immunosuppressive agent by pointing out the importance of selecting proper genetic situations for study.
Insulin promoter factor-1 gene mutation linked to early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus directs expression of a dominant negative isoprotein.
Authors: D A Stoffers, V Stanojevic, J F Habener
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The homeodomain transcription factor insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1) is required for development of the pancreas and also mediates glucose-responsive stimulation of insulin gene transcription. Earlier we described a human subject with pancreatic agenesis attributable to homozygosity for a cytosine deletion in codon 63 of the IPF-1 gene (Pro63fsdelC). Pro63fsdelC resulted in the premature truncation of an IPF-1 protein which lacked the homeodomain required for DNA binding and nuclear localization. Subsequently, we linked the heterozygous state of this mutation with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the extended family of the pancreatic agenesis proband. In the course of expressing the mutant IPF-1 protein in eukaryotic cells, we detected a second IPF-1 isoform, recognized by COOH- but not NH2-terminal-specific antisera. This isoform localizes to the nucleus and retains DNA-binding functions. We provide evidence that internal translation initiating at an out-of-frame AUG accounts for the appearance of this protein. The reading frame crosses over to the wild-type IPF-1 reading frame at the site of the point deletion just carboxy proximal to the transactivation domain. Thus, the single mutated allele results in the translation of two IPF-1 isoproteins, one of which consists of the NH2-terminal transactivation domain and is sequestered in the cytoplasm and the second of which contains the COOH-terminal DNA-binding domain, but lacks the transactivation domain. Further, the COOH-terminal mutant IPF-1 isoform does not activate transcription and inhibits the transactivation functions of wild-type IPF-1. This circumstance suggests that the mechanism of diabetes in these individuals may be due not only to reduced gene dosage, but also to a dominant negative inhibition of transcription of the insulin gene and other beta cell-specific genes regulated by the mutant IPF-1.
The association of treatment response and joint damage with ACPA-status in recent-onset RA: a subanalysis of the 8-year follow-up of the BeSt study
Authors: M van den Broek, L Dirven, NB Klarenbeek, THE Molenaar, KH Han, PJSM Kerstens, TWJ Huizinga, BAC Dijkmans, CF Allaart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are suggested to identify different subsets of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The authors compared the clinical and radiological responses to Disease Activity Score (DAS)-steered treatment in patients with RA positive or RA negative for ACPA.In the BehandelStrategieën (BeSt) study, 508 patients with recent-onset RA were randomised to four treatment strategies aimed at a DAS ≤2.4. Risks of damage progression and (drug-free) remission in 8 years were compared for ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative patients using logistic regression analysis. Functional ability and DAS components over time were compared using linear mixed models.DAS reduction was achieved similarly in ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative patients in all treatment strategy groups, with a similar need to adjust treatment because of inadequate response. Functional ability and remission rates were not different for ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative patients. ACPA-positive patients had more radiological damage progression, especially after initial monotherapy. They had a lower chance of achieving (persistent) drug-free remission.Clinical response to treatment was similar in ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative patients. However, more ACPA-positive patients, especially those treated with initial monotherapy, had significant radiological damage progression, indicating that methotrexate monotherapy and DAS- (≤2.4) steered treatment might be insufficient to adequately suppress joint damage progression in these patients.
Do adaptive immune cells suppress or activate innate immunity?
Authors: Jie Zhao, Xuanming Yang, Sogyong L. Auh, Kwang Dong Kim, Hong Tang, Yang-Xin Fu
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2008)

Current dogma holds that the innate immune system primes the adaptive immune system in response to infection, which in turn amplifies innate responses in a positive loop to effectively control pathogens. Therefore, it is accepted in most cases that T-cell deficient hosts die of acute infection because of the impaired ability of the innate immune system to control pathogens. Recent studies, however, reveal that adaptive immune cells actively dampen initial innate responses. In contrast to current understanding, there is now evidence that an insufficient number of T cells results in loss of control of innate immune responses. This raises new questions regarding the, as of yet underappreciated, role of the adaptive immune system in early infection and inflammation.