tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antivenene Reaction Following Accidental Sea-snake Bite
Authors: H. A. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1957)

DiscussionThe results of these first field trials indicate that the com- pound 377 C 54 has an appreciable schizontocidal action on P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. ovale infections.Of the P. falciparum infections cleared by 100 mg. of 377 C 54, the speed of clearance did not differ statistically from that for chloroquine.But at the higher single doses of 200 and 300 mg.respectively the clearance times for the new drug was significantly faster (P<0.001)than that for chloroquine at 100 mg.This is of particular interest, since in a previous field trial the clearance times for single-dose chloroquine at 100, 200, and 300 mg.respectively did not differ significantly one from another (Charles and Bruce- Chwatt, unpublished).Judging by the comparative clearance rate with single doses of the new drug and of chloroquine it appears that 377 C 54 is approximately one-half to one-third as activeon P. falciparum as chloroquine.This is reasonably con- sistent with the experimental findings of the activity of 377 C 54 against P. gallinaceum.The fact that at week 4 there was no evidence of a significant decrease of the spleen rate or of the average enlarged spleen in any of the six dosage groups of 377 C 54 suggests that the action of the drug is not as complete as that of 4-aminoquinolines given at single doses of 200 or 300 mg.(Charles, in print).Apart from the single doses of 100 mg. and 200 mg. of 377 C 54 which did not completely clear the parasitaemia in the respective groups, the clearance time for the other dosages was directly proportional to the amount of the drug administered.The steepness of the dose response curve on human malaria parasites is of interest and in accordance -with experimental findings in P. gallinaceum.The rate of reappearance of parasitaemia indicates that 377 C 54 is a quick-acting and rapidly 'excreted antimalarial. SummaryThe results of the first field trial on African children of 377 C 54, a new antimalarial compound belonging to a series of mono-and di-hydroxynaphthalenes, indicate that the drug has a pronounced schizontocidal effect on P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. ovale.There is no evidence of any direct gametocytocidal or sporontocidal action on P. falciparum.The new compound is well tolerated in a dosage of about 30 mg. per kg.given in two days.
Accuracy of quantitative assessment of collateral blood flow estimated by real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography: Comparison with microsphere method
Authors: Ayako Miki, Kasumi Masuda, Kentaro Otani, Okazuki Juri, Hirayama Hideo, Tsutomu Toshida, Akiko Iwata, Toshihiko Asanuma, Fuminobu Ishikura, Shintaro Beppu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Electronic Medical Records for Genetic Research: Results of the eMERGE Consortium
Authors: Abel N. Kho, Jennifer A. Pacheco, Peggy L. Peissig, Luke Rasmussen, Katherine M. Newton, Noah Weston, Paul K. Crane, Jyotishman Pathak, Christopher G. Chute, Suzette J. Bielinski, Iftikhar J. Kullo, Rongling Li, Teri A. Manolio, Rex L. Chisholm, Joshua C. Denny
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

Clinical data captured in electronic medical records accurately identify cases and controls for genome-wide association studies.
INFECTION OF MICE WITH MAMMALIAN TUBERCLE BACILLI GROWN IN TWEEN-ALBUMIN LIQUID MEDIUM
Authors: Cynthia Pierce, René J. Dubos, Gardner Middlebrook
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Introduction of the bacilli by the mtravenous route or by feeding gives rise to a disease predominantly localized in the lungs. Following intracerebral infection, the bacilli first multiply rapidly in the brain tissue, and then invade other organs, producing lesions especially in the lungs. Injection of the bacilli by the intraperitoneal route is less effective than by either the intravenous or intracerebral routes; however, admixture of the bacilli with some of the components of egg yolk increases both the infectivity and the pulmonary localization. Different strains of mice differ markedly in their susceptibility to experimental tuberculous infection; the highest susceptibility was observed among the pigmented strains (line 1 dba and C57 black). Greater resistance does not appear to depend on the ability to prevent the establishment of infection, but rather corresponds to a slower rate of progression of the infectious process. It is possible to produce in mice tuberculosis presenting any desired degree of acuteness or chronicity by controlling certain factors which condition the initiation and the progression of the infection.
Interleukin 10 gene transfer prevents experimental colitis in rats
Authors: G Barbara
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The development of colitis in interleukin 10 (IL-10) deficient mice, together with the known anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of this cytokine have prompted consideration of IL-10 as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, studies using hrIL-10 in IBD models have yielded inconsistent results. <h3>AIMS</h3> To examine the therapeutic potential of overexpressing the IL-10 gene before and after the induction of experimental colitis in rats. <h3>METHODS</h3> Gene transfer was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of non-replicating human type 5 adenovirus bearing the IL-10 gene, either 24 hours before or one hour after intrarectal administration of dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in rats. Colonic damage and inflammation was assessed macroscopically and by measuring myeloperoxidase activity and leukotriene B4 concentrations. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Gene transfer increased IL-10 protein in serum for up to six days. IL-10 gene transfer prior to colitis improved colitis macroscopically and histologically, and significantly reduced colonic myeloperoxidase activity and leukotriene B4 concentrations. In contrast, IL-10 gene transfer after the onset of colitis had no beneficial effect. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Gene therapy using an adenovirus-IL-10 construct was successful in preventing but not in reversing experimental colitis in the rat.
Gynaecological cause for bowel obstruction
Authors: R Sivakumar, I Bhatti, A Bali, G Tierney
Journal: Gut (2009)

A 38-year-old lady presented to the gynaecologist complaining of a 6-week history of lower abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, weight loss and vaginal discharge. Her previous medical history included insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) a year previously and an open appendicectomy. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen and suprapubic abdominal tenderness with the presence of a palpable firm tender mass arising from the pelvis. Laboratory investigations found normocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 7.3; mean corpuscular volume 80.9 fl), …
Association Between Race and Age in Survival After Trauma
Authors: Caitlin W. Hicks, Zain G. Hashmi, Catherine Velopulos, David T. Efron, Eric B. Schneider, Elliott R. Haut, Edward E. Cornwell, Adil H. Haider
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Racial disparities in survival after trauma are well described for patients younger than 65 years.Similar information among older patients is lacking because existing trauma databases do not include important patient comorbidity information.OBJECTIVE To determine whether racial disparities in trauma survival persist in patients 65 years or older.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in Men With and Without Prostate Disease
Authors: H. Ballentine Carter
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To evaluate longitudinal changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men with and without prostate disease.Case-control study of men with and without prostate disease who were participants in a prospective aging study.Gerontology Research Center of the National Institute on Aging; the Baltimore (Md) Longitudinal Study of Aging.Sixteen men with no prostate disease (control group), 20 men with a histologic diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 18 men with a histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer.Multiple PSA and androgen determinations on serum samples obtained from 7 to 25 years prior to histologic diagnosis or exclusion of prostate disease.Changes in androgen levels with age did not differ between groups. Control subjects did not show a significant change in PSA levels with age. There was a significant difference in the age-adjusted rate of change in PSA levels between groups (prostate cancer greater than BPH greater than control; P less than .01). At 5 years before diagnosis when PSA levels did not differ between subjects with BPH and prostate cancer, rate of change in PSA levels (0.75 micrograms/L per year) was significantly greater in subjects with prostate cancer compared with control subjects and subjects with BPH. Also, rate of change in PSA levels distinguished subjects with prostate cancer from subjects with BPH and control subjects with a specificity of 90% and 100%, respectively.The most significant factor affecting serum PSA levels with age is the development of prostate disease. Rate of change in PSA levels may be a sensitive and specific early clinical marker for the development of prostate cancer.
Salmonella Transforms Follicle-Associated Epithelial Cells into M Cells to Promote Intestinal Invasion
Authors: Amin Tahoun, Simmi Mahajan, Edith Paxton, Georg Malterer, David S. Donaldson, Dai Wang, Alwyn Tan, Trudi L. Gillespie, Marie O’Shea, Andrew J. Roe, Darren J. Shaw, David L. Gally, Andreas Lengeling, Neil A. Mabbott, Jürgen Haas, Arvind Mahajan
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Effect of Chemotherapy-Induced DNA Repair on Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Viral Replication
Authors: Manish Aghi, Samuel Rabkin, Robert L. Martuza
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Background: Gliomas treated with the alkylating agent temozolomide have incomplete responses in part because of tumoral repair of chemotherapy-induced DNA damage. Data from phase I trials suggest that G207, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) with mutated ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and γ34.5 genes, is safe but needs greater viral oncolysis to be effective. We hypothesized that temozolomide and G207 treatment limitations could be jointly addressed using temozolomide-induced tumor-protective DNA repair pathways to enhance viral replication. Methods: Human glioblastoma cells (U87, T98, and U373) and U87 cells transfected with the gene for the DNA repair enzyme O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) were treated with G207 and/or temozolomide. Drug interactions, expression of the growth arrest DNA damage 34 (GADD34) and RR transcripts before and after their knockdown with short interfering RNAs, DNA strand breaks, and apoptosis were measured using Chou–Talalay analysis, real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, the comet assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Survival of mice (groups of ten) with intracranial U87 xenograft tumors treated with temozolomide and/or G207 was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: Temozolomide exhibited strong synergy with G207 in both MGMT-negative and the MGMT inhibitor O 6 -benzylguanine–treated MGMT-expressing gliomas (Chou–Talalay combination indices = 0.005 to 0.39) and induced GADD34 expression primarily in nonapoptotic MGMT-negative U87 glioma cells (fold difference = 16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.6 to 20.4, compared with untreated cells). MGMT-expressing T98 and U87/MGMT cells treated with temozolomide plus O 6 -benzylguanine had higher RR expression than untreated cells (fold difference =14.9, 95% CI = 10.1 to 22.0 [T98]; 9.9, 95% CI = 7.0 to 13.8 [U87/MGMT]). GADD34 and RR knockdown increased temozolomide-induced DNA damage and inhibited the synergy of G207 and temozolomide in U87 and O 6 -benzylguanine–treated U87/MGMT cells. Mice bearing intracranial U87 tumors survived longer after combination therapy (100% survival at 90 days) than after single-agent therapy (median survival = 46 and 48 days with G207 and temozolomide treatment, respectively). Conclusions: Temozolomide-induced DNA repair pathways vary with MGMT expression and enhance HSV-mediated oncolysis in glioma cells. These findings unveil the potential of HSV to target cells surviving temozolomide treatment.
Hemodynamic Effects of Chronic Severe Anemia
Authors: SUJOY B. ROY, MADAN L. BHATIA, VIRENDER S. MATHUR, SHYAMA VIRMANI
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Data on the cardiac output and circulatory dynamics obtained by cardiac catheter studies in 51 subjects with chronic severe anemia are presented. Patients are divided into two groups: group A consists of 26 subjects with an average hemoglobin value of 3.0 Gm. per 100 ml. (range 1.5 to 3.8 Gm.); group B, 25 patients with a hemoglobin level of 4.0 to 6.5 Gm., average 4.5 Gm. Group A subjects have a somewhat faster heart rate (99 against 92 a minute), higher cardiac index (8.0 versus 6.3 liters per minute per square meter), and stroke index (88 and 68 ml. per beat per square meter) than group B patients. The oxygen consumption values in both groups are normal (average 158 and 160 ml. per minute per square meter), while more oxygen is extracted by the tissue in group A subjects (61 and 53 per cent) whereas less oxygen is transported to the tissue (261 and 321 ml. per minute per square meter). The stroke volume seems to bear a closer relationship to the high cardiac output than such other parameters as heart rate, right heart filling pressure, and velocity of blood flow. Apparently the presence of slow heart rate does not negate high cardiac output. Data also suggest that systemic vascular resistance may play an important role in the high cardiac output as the two are inversely related, and by increasing the peripheral arterial pressure the output can be significantly reduced. Restudy data after the treatment of the anemia (hemoglobin 10.0 to 12.5 Gm. per 100 ml.) show appreciable reduction in the cardiac output and in the right heart filling pressure, increase in the peripheral vascular resistance and oxygen transport values, and widening of the arteriovenous oxygen differences with concomitant decrease in the oxygen extraction by the tissue.
Plasma von Willebrand Factor and Soluble P-Selectin as Indices of Endothelial Damage and Platelet Activation in 1321 Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Dwayne S.G. Conway, Lesly A. Pearce, Bernard S.P. Chin, Robert G. Hart, Gregory Y.H. Lip
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Epidemiological studies have identified clinical and echocardiographic factors associated with increased stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF), but mechanisms linking these factors to stroke in AF are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that stroke risk factors may be associated with increased endothelial damage/dysfunction and platelet activation among patients with AF. Methods and Results— We measured plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF, a marker of endothelial damage/dysfunction) and soluble P-selectin (sP-sel, a marker of platelet activation) by ELISA in 1321 participants in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF) III study and related these indices to the presence of stroke risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Age ( P &lt;0.001), prior cerebral ischemia ( P &lt;0.01), recent heart failure ( P &lt;0.001), diabetes ( P &lt;0.001), and body mass index ( P &lt;0.001) were independently associated with increased vWF ( r 2 adjusted=9%). Independent associates of increased sP-sel were diabetes ( P =0.01), peripheral vascular disease ( P &lt;0.001), and current smoking ( P =0.01), whereas prior cerebral ischemia ( P =0.002) and female sex ( P &lt;0.001) were associated with reduced sP-sel ( r 2 adjusted=4%). Using prospectively validated stroke risk stratification criteria, we observed a significant stepwise increase in vWF from low- to moderate- to high-risk groups ( r 2 adjusted=3%, P &lt;0.001), whereas sP-sel remained constant ( P = 0.24). Conclusions— Four recognized risk factors for stroke in AF (advancing age, prior cerebral ischemia, recent heart failure, and diabetes) were independently associated with raised plasma vWF (or endothelial damage/dysfunction), whereas only 1 (diabetes) was associated with increased sP-sel (platelet activation). Further longitudinal studies are now needed to confirm relationships between endothelial damage/dysfunction, platelet activation, and stroke in AF.
Administrative Record Linkage as a Tool for Public Health Research
Authors: Douglas P. Jutte, Leslie L. Roos, Marni D. Brownell
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2011)

Linked administrative databases offer a powerful resource for studying important public health issues. Methods developed and implemented in several jurisdictions across the globe have achieved high-quality linkages for conducting health and social research without compromising confidentiality. Key data available for linkage include health services utilization, population registries, place of residence, family ties, educational outcomes, and use of social services. Linking events for large populations of individuals across disparate sources and over time permits a range of research possibilities, including the capacity to study low-prevalence exposure-disease associations, multiple outcome domains within the same cohort of individuals, service utilization and chronic disease patterns, and life course and transgenerational transmission of health. Limited information on variables such as individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) and social supports is outweighed by strengths that include comprehensive follow-up, continuous data collection, objective measures, and relatively low expense. Ever advancing methodologies and data holdings guarantee that research using linked administrative databases will make increasingly important contributions to public health research.
Chronic therapy with an ETA/B receptor antagonist in conscious dogs during progression of congestive heart failure Intracellular Ca2+ regulation and nitric oxide mediated coronary relaxation
Authors: You-Tang Shen, Pamela S Buie, Joseph J Lynch, Stephen M Krause, Xin-Liang Ma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Although it is known that endothelin (ET-1) is elevated in heart failure (HF), it remains unclear if chronic ET(A/B) receptor antagonism affects the progression of HF, particularly by affecting coronary vasoactivity and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function.We examined the effects of an ET(A/B) receptor antagonist, L-753,037 (oral bid for 6 weeks, n=7), and vehicle (n=8) in conscious dogs with previously implanted aortic, coronary sinus and left atrial catheters, LV pressure gauge, aortic flow probe, LV dimension crystals and pacers.Baseline hemodynamics were similar in the two groups. During the development of rapid pacing-induced HF, treatment with the ET(A/B) antagonist significantly reduced total peripheral resistance and increased cardiac output compared to vehicle. After 2 weeks of pacing, LV diastolic function (tau) was improved (P<0.05) in the ET(A/B) antagonist group (+6+/-2 ms) compared to the vehicle group (+12+/-2 ms). In addition, ET(A/B) antagonist treatment attenuated the increase in mean left atrial pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure that occurred during heart failure in vehicle-treated animals. However, LV systolic function (LV dP/dt, fractional shortening and Vcfc) neither at rest nor in response to dobutamine was altered by ET(A/B) antagonist treatment. Also, ET(A/B) antagonist treatment did not affect the progressive increases in LV dimension. After 6 weeks of pacing, maximal Ca(2+) transport in isolated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was reduced (P<0.02) in the vehicle-treated compared to the ET(A/B) antagonist-treated dogs (1.34+/-0.09 vs. 1.60+/-0.06 micromol/mg/min, respectively). The improvement in SR function in the ET(A/B) antagonist-treated dogs was associated with a significant attenuation of the reduction in protein expression of SERCA2a and calsequestrin observed in the vehicle-treated dogs. Coronary arteries isolated from the dogs treated with the ET(A/B) antagonist exhibited enhanced (P<0.01) coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation compared to the vehicle group, while coronary responses to an NO donor were identical in the two groups. Plasma NO levels in the coronary sinus during the late stage of HF were higher (P<0.05) in the ET(A/B) antagonist group (40+/-2 microM) compared to the vehicle group (18+/-2 microM).We conclude that in conscious dogs during the development of HF induced by rapid pacing, chronic inhibition of ET(A/B) receptors does not affect resting myocardial contractile function nor reserve, but reduces vascular resistance and improves LV diastolic function. After 6 weeks of pacing, the reduction in intracellular Ca(2+) regulation by the SR is also attenuated, and endothelium-dependent coronary relaxation is improved, which appears to be related to the preservation of coronary NO levels.
Fertility Preservation for Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Alison W. Loren, Pamela B. Mangu, Lindsay Nohr Beck, Lawrence Brennan, Anthony J. Magdalinski, Ann H. Partridge, Gwendolyn Quinn, W. Hamish Wallace, Kutluk Oktay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

To update guidance for health care providers about fertility preservation for adults and children with cancer.
The Impact of Cardiovascular Disease on Medical Care Costs in Subjects With and Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gregory A. Nichols, Jonathan B. Brown
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

We examined whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects medical care costs differently in subjects with and without diabetes and explored the impact of CVD on costs across the dimensions of age and diabetes duration.We compared the prevalence of CVD and medical care costs for subjects with and without CVD in all 16,180 full-year health maintenance organization members in 1999 who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and in control members matched by year of birth and sex. We ascertained diagnoses from the Kaiser Permanente Northwest Region's electronic ambulatory medical record and from hospital discharge datafiles. Utilization from these and other data systems were multiplied by unit costs.CVD was 76% more prevalent in subjects with diabetes, but the risk ratios of more severe forms of CVD were even greater. Risk ratios for CVD were greatest in younger subjects. Cost profiles for subjects with both CVD and diabetes differed markedly from those with diabetes but without CVD. In the latter group, costs grew steadily with age, whereas in the former group, costs peaked in the 55- to 64-year age group before declining with age.The types of CVD present in diabetic patients are more likely to be more severe and therefore more costly than in similar subjects without diabetes. CVD also disproportionately affects younger diabetic subjects. Finally, when CVD is present in diabetes, more costs occur earlier in life as well as earlier in the course of diabetes.