tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predisplacement and Postdisplacement Factors Associated With Mental Health of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons
Authors: Matthew Porter, Nick Haslam
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The global refugee crisis requires that researchers, policymakers, and clinicians comprehend the magnitude of the psychological consequences of forced displacement and the factors that moderate them. To date, no empirical synthesis of research on these issues has been undertaken.To meta-analytically establish the extent of compromised mental health among refugees (including internally displaced persons, asylum seekers, and stateless persons) using a worldwide study sample. Potential moderators of mental health outcomes were examined, including enduring contextual variables (eg, postdisplacement accommodation and economic opportunity) and refugee characteristics.Published studies (1959-2002) were obtained using broad searches of computerized databases (PsycINFO and PILOTS), manual searches of reference lists, and interviews with prominent authors.Studies were selected if they investigated a refugee group and at least 1 nonrefugee comparison group and reported 1 or more quantitative group comparison on measures of psychopathology. Fifty-six reports met inclusion criteria (4.4% of identified reports), yielding 59 independent comparisons and including 67,294 participants (22,221 refugees and 45,073 nonrefugees).Data on study and report characteristics, study participant characteristics, and statistical outcomes were extracted using a coding manual and subjected to blind recoding, which indicated high reliability. Methodological quality information was coded to assess potential sources of bias.Effect size estimates for the refugee-nonrefugee comparisons were averaged across psychopathology measures within studies and weighted by sample size. The weighted mean effect size was 0.41 (SD, 0.02; range, -1.36 to 2.91 [SE, 0.01]), indicating that refugees had moderately poorer outcomes. Postdisplacement conditions moderated mental health outcomes. Worse outcomes were observed for refugees living in institutional accommodation, experiencing restricted economic opportunity, displaced internally within their own country, repatriated to a country they had previously fled, or whose initiating conflict was unresolved. Refugees who were older, more educated, and female and who had higher predisplacement socioeconomic status and rural residence also had worse outcomes. Methodological differences between studies affected effect sizes.The sociopolitical context of the refugee experience is associated with refugee mental health. Humanitarian efforts that improve these conditions are likely to have positive impacts.
Diuretic Strategies in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: G. Michael Felker, Kerry L. Lee, David A. Bull, Margaret M. Redfield, Lynne W. Stevenson, Steven R. Goldsmith, Martin M. LeWinter, Anita Deswal, Jean L. Rouleau, Elizabeth O. Ofili, Kevin J. Anstrom, Adrian F. Hernandez, Steven E. McNulty, Eric J. Velazquez, Abdallah G. Kfoury, Horng H. Chen, Michael M. Givertz, Marc J. Semigran, Bradley A. Bart, Alice M. Mascette, Eugene Braunwald, Christopher M. O'Connor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Loop diuretics are an essential component of therapy for patients with acute decompensated heart failure, but there are few prospective data to guide their use.
Overexpression of VEGF165b in Podocytes Reduces Glomerular Permeability
Authors: Yan Qiu, Joanne Ferguson, Sebastian Oltean, Chris R. Neal, Amit Kaura, Heather Bevan, Emma Wood, Leslie M. Sage, Silvia Lanati, Dawid G. Nowak, Andy H.J. Salmon, David Bates, Steve J. Harper
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

The observation that therapeutic agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) associate with renal toxicity suggests that VEGF plays a role in the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. Alternative mRNA splicing produces the VEGF(xxx)b family, which consists of antiangiogenic peptides that reduce permeability and inhibit tumor growth; the contribution of these peptides to normal glomerular function is unknown. Here, we established and characterized heterozygous and homozygous transgenic mice that overexpress VEGF(165)b specifically in podocytes. We confirmed excess production of glomerular VEGF(165)b by reverse transcriptase-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA in both heterozygous and homozygous animals. Macroscopically, the mice seemed normal up to 18 months of age, unlike the phenotype of transgenic podocyte-specific VEGF(164)-overexpressing mice. Animals overexpressing VEGF(165)b, however, had a significantly reduced normalized glomerular ultrafiltration fraction with accompanying changes in ultrastructure of the glomerular filtration barrier on the vascular side of the glomerular basement membrane. These data highlight the contrasting properties of VEGF splice variants and their impact on glomerular function and phenotype.
Room-temperature semiconductor detectors for in vivo monitoring of internal contamination.
Authors: J L Genicot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

In vivo monitoring of low-energy X-ray and gamma-ray emitters has always been a difficult task, primarily because of lack of accuracy and the high detection limits of classical techniques. Various types of PIN diodes (diodes with a large intrinsic zone) were tested in the Radiation Protection Department of the Studie Centrum voor Kernenergie, Centre d'étude de l'Energie Nucléaire (Mol, Belgium) in the measurement of radioactive body burden by direct methods. Current research is oriented toward the use of room-temperature diodes for the detection of low-energy photons escaping the body. In this paper, a new counting technique that involves a portable jacket containing the diodes is described. The system uses silicon diodes and is used out of shielding room in order to be near the contamination. With this method rapid analysis and long counting times are possible, stress is reduced, and medical treatment can be optimized. CdZnTe detectors were also evaluated for this measurement technique but this type of detector is better adapted for counting inside a shielding room. The improvement of the accuracy of the measurement, taking into account the effect of the ribs, is described here, as well the associated electronics necessary for this type of counting.
Mental stress--induced myocardial ischemia and cardiac events
Authors: W. Jiang
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To assess the clinical significance of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Cohort study in outpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital assessed at baseline and followed up for up to 5 years.A total of 126 volunteer patients (112 men, 14 women; mean age, 59 years) with documented CAD and exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.Patients underwent baseline mental stress and exercise testing using radionuclide ventriculography and 48-hour Holter monitoring. Patients were subsequently contacted by mailed questionnaires or telephone to document cardiac events, including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiac revascularization procedures. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the prognostic value of the ischemic measures after adjusting for such potential confounding factors as age, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and history of myocardial infarction.Twenty-eight patients (22%) experienced at least 1 cardiac event. Baseline mental stress-induced ischemia was associated with significantly higher rates of subsequent cardiac events (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-7.7; P < .05). The LVEF change during mental stress was significantly related to event-free survival (risk ratio [RR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.12-5.14; P = .02), controlling for age, history of prior myocardial infarction, and baseline LVEF. This relationship remained significant after controlling for electrocardiogram (ECG)-defined ischemia during exercise (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.01-4.81; P < .05). The RR for ECG-defined ischemia during exercise testing was 1.9 (95% CI, 0.95-3.96; P = .07) and the RR for ambulatory ECG ischemia was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.35-1.64; P = .47).The presence of mental stress-induced ischemia is associated with significantly higher rates of subsequent fatal and nonfatal cardiac events, independent of age, baseline LVEF, and previous myocardial infarction, and predicted events over and above exercise-induced ischemia. These data suggest that the relationship between psychological stress and adverse cardiac events may be mediated by the occurrence of myocardial ischemia.
12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid promotes epidermal wound healing by accelerating keratinocyte migration via the BLT2 receptor
Authors: Min Liu, Kazuko Saeki, Takehiko Matsunobu, Toshiaki Okuno, Tomoaki Koga, Yukihiko Sugimoto, Chieko Yokoyama, Satoshi Nakamizo, Kenji Kabashima, Shuh Narumiya, Takao Shimizu, Takehiko Yokomizo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor type 2 (BLT2) is a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) for 12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid (12-HHT) and LTB4. Despite the well-defined proinflammatory roles of BLT1, the in vivo functions of BLT2 remain elusive. As mouse BLT2 is highly expressed in epidermal keratinocytes, we investigated the role of the 12-HHT/BLT2 axis in skin wound healing processes. 12-HHT accumulated in the wound fluid in mice, and BLT2-deficient mice exhibited impaired re-epithelialization and delayed wound closure after skin punching. Aspirin administration reduced 12-HHT production and resulted in delayed wound closure in wild-type mice, which was abrogated in BLT2-deficient mice. In vitro scratch assay using primary keratinocytes and a keratinocyte cell line also showed that the 12-HHT/BLT2 axis accelerated wound closure through the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A synthetic BLT2 agonist accelerated wound closure in cultured cells as well as in C57BL/6J and diabetic mice. These results identify a novel mechanism underlying the action of the 12-HHT/BLT2 axis in epidermal keratinocytes and accordingly suggest the use of BLT2 agonists as therapeutic agents to accelerate wound healing, particularly for intractable wounds, such as diabetic ulcers.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>controls host innate immune activation through cyclopropane modification of a glycolipid effector molecule
Authors: Vivek Rao, Nagatoshi Fujiwara, Steven A. Porcelli, Michael S. Glickman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remains a global health crisis. Recent genetic evidence implicates specific cell envelope lipids in Mtb pathogenesis, but it is unclear whether these cell envelope compounds affect pathogenesis through a structural role in the cell wall or as pathogenesis effectors that interact directly with host cells. Here we show that cyclopropane modification of the Mtb cell envelope glycolipid trehalose dimycolate (TDM) is critical for Mtb growth during the first week of infection in mice. In addition, TDM modification by the cyclopropane synthase pcaA was both necessary and sufficient for proinflammatory activation of macrophages during early infection. Purified TDM isolated from a cyclopropane-deficient pcaA mutant was hypoinflammatory for macrophages and induced less severe granulomatous inflammation in mice, demonstrating that the fine structure of this glycolipid was critical to its proinflammatory activity. These results established the fine structure of lipids contained in the Mtb cell envelope as direct effectors of pathogenesis and identified temporal control of host immune activation through cyclopropane modification of TDM as a critical pathogenic strategy of Mtb.
Global Gene Expression Profiling and Validation in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Association with Clinical Phenotypes
Authors: Hua Su, Nan Hu, Howard H. Yang, Chaoyu Wang, Mikiko Takikita, Quan-Hong Wang, Carol Giffen, Robert Clifford, Stephen M. Hewitt, Jian-Zhong Shou, Alisa M. Goldstein, Maxwell P. Lee, Philip R. Taylor
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. Understanding molecular changes in ESCC will enable identification of molecular subtypes and provide potential targets for early detection and therapy. Experimental Design: We followed up a previous array study with additional discovery and confirmatory studies in new ESCC cases by using alternative methods. We profiled global gene expression for discovery and confirmation, and validated selected dysregulated genes with additional RNA and protein studies. Results: A total of 159 genes showed differences with extreme statistical significance (P &amp;lt; E-15) and 2-fold differences or more in magnitude (tumor/normal RNA expression ratio, N = 53 cases), including 116 upregulated and 43 downregulated genes. Of 41 genes dysregulated in our prior array study, all but one showed the same fold change directional pattern in new array studies, including 29 with 2-fold changes or more. Alternative RNA expression methods validated array results: more than two thirds of 51 new cases examined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) showed 2-fold differences or more for all seven genes assessed. Immunohistochemical protein expression results in 275 cases which were concordant with RNA for five of six genes. Conclusion: We identified an expanded panel of genes dysregulated in ESCC and confirmed previously identified differentially expressed genes. Microarray-based gene expression results were confirmed by RT-PCR and protein expression studies. These dysregulated genes will facilitate molecular categorization of tumor subtypes and identification of their risk factors, and serve as potential targets for early detection, outcome prediction, and therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2955–66. ©2011 AACR.
Correction
Authors: G J Rodrigo, J A Castro-Rodriguez
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Background: Current guidelines recommend the use of a combination of inhaled beta2agonists and anticholinergics, particularly for patients with acute severe or life threatening asthma in the emergency setting.However, this statement is based on a relatively small number of randomised controlled trials and related systematic reviews.This review was undertaken to incorporate the more recent evidence available about the effectiveness of treatment with beta2-agonists and anticholinergics compared with beta2agonists in acute asthma treatment.Methods: A search was conducted of all randomised controlled trials published prior to April 2005.Results: Data from 32 randomised controlled trials (n = 3611 subjects) showed significant reductions in hospital admissions in both children (RR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.85, p = 0.0001) and adults (RR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.86, p = 0.002) that received inhaled anticholinergics.Combined treatment also produced a significant increase on spirometric tests at 60-120 min after the last treatment in children (SMD = -0.54;95% CI: -0.28 to -0.81, p = 0.0001) and adults (SMD = -0.36;95% CI: -0.23 to -0.49, p = 0.00001).Conclusions: This review strongly suggests that the addition of multiple doses of inhaled ipratropium bromide to beta2-agonists seems indicated as the standard treatment in children, adolescent and adult patients with moderate to severe exacerbations of asthma in the emergency setting.
Notes from Berlin Clinics
Authors: T. S. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1891)

experiment.-Dr.SUTCLIFFE (Stalybridge), from personal ob- servatioii of cases, thought that the time hiad not yet arrived for formulatinig any definlite rules as to the best method of using the lymphl, or as to the results of its action.Probably the best way to treat plhthisis would be by small doses injected at intervals of a fortniglht spread over a long period of time, and conijoined witli all hIygien1ic, toniC, and climatic treatment available.Dr. Sutcliffe showed an asbestos syringe largely used in Berlin in preferenice to the one used by I)r.Koel.-Dr.BRIERLEY deprecated following a " meth1od," an1d using a preparation the composition of whichl was niot knlowin to tlie professioni, anid was of opinlioni that Eniglislh practition- ers woould be chary about putting this sensationial treatment of tuberculosis inito practice.Since the metlhod was purely experimental at present, Dr. Brierley thought the treatment slhould only be carried out in hospitals where the patients could be constanitly unlder the immediate care of skilled workers.-Dr.SIMPSON, though disliking tlle secrecy, at pre- sent perlhaps unavoidable, of Koch's preparation, considered that they wvould Inot be justified in passing it by.Its use re- quired great care anid cautionl, anid its curative value was niot as yet firmly establislhed.In. maniy advanced cases, or whlere pulmonary tubercle was exteinsively distributed, it was coIn- traindicatecd, and it could onily be used witlh the utmost pos- sible caution in any tlhreateniing of meningeal tubercle.Tllen, too, there was some evidenice that it miglht set up activity in some cases wvhere tubercle might hiave remainied.This raised the questioni, what became of the bacilli ?They did niot slhare, it seemed, in the death of the tuberculous tissue.WVere they in some cases, by tlle absorption of thlis, simply set free witlh their active?properties unimpaired?:-The P'RESIDENT anId othiers also addressed thle nmeetinig.
Association Between Plasma Triglycerides and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Microvascular Kidney Disease and Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Frank M. Sacks, Michel P. Hermans, Paola Fioretto, Paul Valensi, Timothy Davis, Edward Horton, Christoph Wanner, Khalid Al-Rubeaan, Ronnie Aronson, Isabella Barzon, Louise Bishop, Enzo Bonora, Pongamorn Bunnag, Lee-Ming Chuang, Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Ronald Goldenberg, Benjamin Harshfield, Cristina Hernández, Susan Herzlinger-Botein, Hiroshi Itoh, Weiping Jia, Yi-Der Jiang, Takashi Kadowaki, Nancy Laranjo, Lawrence Leiter, Takashi Miwa, Masato Odawara, Ken Ohashi, Atsushi Ohno, Changyu Pan, Jiemin Pan, Juan Pedro-Botet, Zeljko Reiner, Carlo Maria Rotella, Rafael Simo, Masami Tanaka, Eugenia Tedeschi-Reiner, David Twum-Barima, Giacomo Zoppini, Vincent J. Carey
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Microvascular renal and retinal diseases are common major complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The relation between plasma lipids and microvascular disease is not well established. Methods and Results— The case subjects were 2535 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an average duration of 14 years, 1891 of whom had kidney disease and 1218 with retinopathy. The case subjects were matched for diabetes mellitus duration, age, sex, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to 3683 control subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who did not have kidney disease or retinopathy. The study was conducted in 24 sites in 13 countries. The primary analysis included kidney disease and retinopathy cases. Matched analysis was performed by use of site-specific conditional logistic regression in multivariable models that adjusted for hemoglobin A 1c , hypertension, and statin treatment. Mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was 2.3 mmol/L. The microvascular disease odds ratio increased by a factor of 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.22) for every 0.5 mmol/L (≈1 quintile) increase in triglycerides or decreased by a factor of 0.92 (0.88–0.96) for every 0.2 mmol/L (≈1 quintile) increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. For kidney disease, the odds ratio increased by 1.23 (1.16–1.31) with triglycerides and decreased by 0.86 (0.82–0.91) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Retinopathy was associated with triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in matched analysis but not significantly after additional adjustment. Conclusions— Diabetic kidney disease is associated worldwide with higher levels of plasma triglycerides and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among patients with good control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Retinopathy was less robustly associated with these lipids. These results strengthen the rationale for studying dyslipidemia treatment to prevent diabetic microvascular disease.
A Sector Scanner for Real Time Two-Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: JAMES M. GRIFFITH, WALTER L. HENRY
Journal: Circulation (1974)

During the past several years one-dimensional pulse-echo ultrasound techniques have proven extremely useful in cardiac diagnosis. A one-dimensional system, however, only visualizes structures lying along a single straight line. The spatial relationships of the various cardiac structures are therefore not so easily defined as with two-dimensional systems which display the heart by constructing a plane image composed of many straight lines. We have developed a sector scanning system for obtaining two-dimensional echocardiograms in real time using ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques. Images are produced by angling rapidly a single transducer through a 30-degree sector from a fixed spot (between ribs) on the patient's chest. Thirty complete sectors (or frames) are produced per second. The use of a large diameter transducer ensures that signal strength is good and cardiac structures, including endocardium, can be visualized. Other advantages include high transducer sensitivity, real time imaging and easy visualization of various regions of the heart. Experience with more than 100 patients indicates that diagnostic quality two-dimensional echocardiograms can be readily obtained in essentially the same patients from whom one-dimensional echocardiograms are recorded and can usually be performed in less time.
Cernunnos influences human immunoglobulin class switch recombination and may be associated with B cell lymphomagenesis
Authors: Likun Du, Roujun Peng, Andrea Björkman, Noel Filipe de Miranda, Cornelia Rosner, Ashwin Kotnis, Mattias Berglund, Chonghai Liu, Richard Rosenquist, Gunilla Enblad, Christer Sundström, Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi, Hodjattallah Rabbani, Manuel R. Teixeira, Patrick Revy, Anne Durandy, Yixin Zeng, Andrew R. Gennery, Jean-Pierre de Villartay, Qiang Pan-Hammarström
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Cernunnos is involved in the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) process during DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Here, we studied immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR), a physiological process which relies on proper repair of the DSBs, in B cells from Cernunnos-deficient patients. The pattern of in vivo generated CSR junctions is altered in these cells, with unusually long microhomologies and a lack of direct end-joining. The CSR junctions from Cernunnos-deficient patients largely resemble those from patients lacking DNA ligase IV, Artemis, or ATM, suggesting that these factors are involved in the same end-joining pathway during CSR. By screening 269 mature B cell lymphoma biopsies, we also identified a somatic missense Cernunnos mutation in a diffuse large B cell lymphoma sample. This mutation has a dominant-negative effect on joining of a subset of DNA ends in an in vitro NHEJ assay. Translocations involving both Ig heavy chain loci and clonal-like, dynamic IgA switching activities were observed in this tumor. Collectively, our results suggest a link between defects in the Cernunnos-dependent NHEJ pathway and aberrant CSR or switch translocations during the development of B cell malignancies.