tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P001: Dietary and Plasma Magnesium and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Women
Authors: Stephanie E Chiuve, Kathryn M Rexrode, Qi Sun, Eric N Taylor, Gary C Curhan, JoAnn E Manson, Christine M Albert
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Plasma magnesium (Mg) has been strongly associated with lower risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and sudden cardiac death, which may be due to its anti-arrhythmic properties. Mg also affects endothelial function, inflammation, blood pressure and diabetes and thus may impact atherosclerosis in general. We examined the association between magnesium, measured in diet and plasma, and risk of fatal, nonfatal and total CHD among women in the Nurses’ Health Study. Design: The association for Mg intake was examined prospectively among 86,361 women free of disease in 1980. Mg intake and other covariates were ascertained updated every 2-4 years through questionnaires and 3661 cases of CHD (1214 fatal/2447 nonfatal) were documented through 2008. For plasma Mg, we conducted a nested case-control analysis with 405 CHD (63 fatal/342 nonfatal) cases, matched to controls (1:1) on age, smoking, fasting status, and date of blood sampling. Results: Dietary magnesium was inversely associated with risk of CHD, even after controlling for diet and CHD risk factors (RR comparing extreme quintiles: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.64, 0.89; P trend=0.002) (Table 1). The relationship with plasma Mg was less linear ( P trend=0.09) with a potential threshold effect at the 2 nd quintile. The RR of CHD comparing plasma Mg &gt;2.0 v. ≤2.0 mg/dl was 0.49 (95%CI: 0.32, 0.74). The associations for dietary and plasma Mg appeared stronger for fatal versus nonfatal CHD. The RR (95%CI; P trend) comparing the highest to lowest quintile of dietary Mg was 0.60 (0.45, 0.79; p &lt;0.001) for fatal and 0.85 (0.70, 1.04; p = 0.14) for nonfatal CHD. The RR (95%CI) comparing plasma Mg &gt;2.0 v. ≤2.0 mg/dl was 0.23 (0.07, 0.81) for fatal and 0.55 (0.35, 0.86) for nonfatal CHD. Conclusions: Higher levels of Mg, in diet and plasma, were associated with lower risk of total CHD among women. The consistent inverse association found between two measures of Mg and CHD risk supports the hypothesis that Mg might lower CHD risk through multiple mechanisms, and may be most strongly protective for fatal events.
A phase II trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel (Pac) and carboplatin (Cb) followed by UFT for completely resected pathologic (p-) stage II (N1) and IIIA (N2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: E. Ogawa, F. Tanaka, K. Yanagihara, H. Wada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7315 Background: Recent clinical evidence has shown that platinum-based doublets as well as UFT, an oral 5-fluorouracil derivative agent, can improve postoperative survival of early-stage NSCLC patients (NEJM 2004 and ASCO 2004), but the efficacy for advanced-stage diseases (pN1-N2) remains controversial. Pac/Cb (q3weeks) is a most tolerable platinum-based doublet, and some clinical studies have suggested that weekly Pac/Cb can be an alternative in postoperative adjuvant setting. This single-institutional phase II trial was conducted to assess the feasibility (efficacy and safety) of adjuvant chemotherapy with weekly Pac/Cb followed by UFT for N1–2 NSCLC. Methods: Major eligible requirements were as follows: 1) completely resected p-stage II(N1) or IIIA(N2), 2) no preoperative therapy, 3) age ≥ 18years, 4) PS 0–1 (ECOG), 5) written informed consent. Patients were given 1 cycle of weekly Pac and Cb (60mg/m2 and AUC=1.25, respectively; days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36) followed by UFT (400mg/body, daily for 2 years). Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and toxicity. Results: Between April/1999 and September/2003, 34 patients (all eligible) have been accrued, and patient characteristics were as follows: median age, 64 years (range 36–75); male percentage, 77%; IIIA(N2) percentage, 68%; adenocarcinoma percentage, 77%). The 3-year OS and RFS rates for all patients were 74% (median, not reached) and 44% (median, 34months), respectively. According to subset analyses, N1 patients showed a favorable survival (OS and RFS rates at 3 years, 90% and 74%, respectively), whereas N2 patients did not (OS and RFS rates at 3 years, 64% and 27%, respectively). There was no therapy-related death, and only one patients G4 toxicity (neutropenia). Conclusions: Weekly Pac/Cb followed by UFT is a well-tolerated chemotherapy in adjuvant setting, and might be effective for N1 patients, but not for N2 patients. Pac/Cb (q3weeks), a standard adjuvant regimen, followed by UFT can be a candidate of tested arms in future trials of adjuvant chemotherapy for N1–2 NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Low dose cisplatin, UFT, diethylstilbestrol, and dexamethasone (CUDD) for HRPC
Authors: S. Hoshi, K. Hoshi, K. Ono, T. Kobayashi, M. Sasaki, K. Numahata, Y. Arai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4738 Background: Biochemical modulation (BM) was initially used to enhance the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by modulating its pharmacological action by the addition of other drugs. BM with low dose cisplatin and 5-FU or UFT has been examined in cases of advanced gastric or pancreas cancer and 30 to 40% response rate has been reported. We treated 30 patients of hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) with low dose cisplatin and UFT (CU) and obtained 50% (15/30) response rate. CU has advantage of no side effect, however, disadvantage was that 2 to 3 months were necessary until time to response. We have experienced complete regression of bone metastases on super scan by low does cisplatin, UFT, diethylstilbestrol, and dexamethasone (CUDD) in a patient with HRPC (Int JCO,8,118, 2003). Then we designate this treatment as CUDD therapy and effect of CUDD on (HRPC) patients was examined. Methods: CUDD consisting of 5 mg/body of cisplatin, 125 mg/body of diethylstilbestrol per week and 300–450 mg of UFT/day, 0.5–1 mg of dexamethasone were given to 32 HRPC patients, (median and range of age: 66 and 52–72, respectively). The ECOG performance status was 0 to 1. Gleason score was 7 in 8 patients and 8 in 12 patients and 9 in 12 patients, respectively. Metastatic site was bone in 32 (EOD grade 1:10, 2:13, 3: 8, 4:1), lymph node in 6. Results: Among the 32 patients assessable for bone metastasis, 10 (31%) obtained marked improvement on bone scan. One was EOD grade 4 (super bone scan) and 9 were EOD grade 1–3. Eight (25%) were stable and 14 (43%) progressed on bone scan. Among 6 patients of lymph node metastasis, 3 (50%) showed partial response and 3 (50%) progression. Sixteen (50%) out of 32 patients showed a PSA decline of 50% or greater. Among the 25 patients assessable for bone pain, 7 (28%) improved, 12 (48%) remained stable and 6 (24%) progressed. Their median response duration and median survival time were 8 months (range; 2 to 44 months) and 20 months (range, 4 to 48 monhts), respectively. Side effect was one patient of Grade III pulmonary artery embolism. The patient recovered with anticoagulant agent Conclusions: CUDD is effective in almost half of hormone refrectory prostate cancer patients and has advantage of minimal sife effect. Time to response of CUDD is sooner than that of CU. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effect of depsipeptide (NSC 630176), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on human synovial sarcoma <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: W. Kwan, J. Terry, S. Liu, M. A. Knowling, T. Nielsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9039 Background: Synovial sarcoma is the fourth most common malignant soft tissue tumor of young adults. Its characteristic t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) leads to the production of an SYT-SSX fusion protein. Gene expression profiling studies and postulated functions of SYT-SSX both suggest altered chromatin structure is a central change in synovial sarcoma. Because chromatin structure is dependent on histone acetylation and deacetylation, the effects of depsipeptide (NSC 630176), a clinically applicable histone deacetylase inhibitor, was examined in vitro on human synovial sarcoma cell lines grown as monolayers and spheroids. Methods: Cytotoxic effects of depsipeptide (1, 10, 100, 1000 ng/ml) on SYO-1 and Fuji synovial sarcoma cells were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; results were compared against normal fibroblasts and various cancer cell lines. Apoptotic analyses by flow cytometry were subsequently performed for both monolayer and 3-dimensional synovial sarcoma cell culture systems. Results: Dramatic, dose-dependent cell death induced by depsipeptide was observed in both SYO-1 and Fuji cells at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml, within 24 hours. Similar cytotoxicity was not observed in lung and breast carcinoma cell lines until 10 ng/ml and/or at later time-points, while normal fibroblasts, myeloma, and prostate carcinoma cell lines were much more resistant to drug treatment. The apoptotic population of monolayer SYO-1 and Fuji cells time-dependently increased to 83.1% and 85.2%, respectively, at 1 ng/ml following 72 hours. Three-dimensional spheroid cultures, intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy, also demonstrated effective synovial sarcoma cell death by depsipeptide at ng/ml concentrations. Conclusion: The molecular biology of synovial sarcoma suggests it may be sensitive to chromatin remodeling agents. The histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide causes apoptosis-mediated cell death in human synovial sarcoma monolayer and spheroidal cell lines at very low, clinically-achievable concentrations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Comparison of long-term results of endoscopic video-assisted breast surgery (VABS) between trans-axillary retro-mammary appcoach (TARM) and periareolar approach.
Authors: Koji Yamashita, Kazuo Shimizu, Shunsuke Haga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

167 Background: The breast conserving surgery (BCS) and the sentinel node (SN) biopsy became to be recognized as the standard treatment for early breast cancers. We have reported about cosmetic effectiveness and lower infestation of the video-assisted breast surgery (VABS) for the breast diseases. We devised the trans-axillary retro-mammary (TRAM) approach of VABS. It needs only one skin incision in the axilla and can treat any tumor of the breast without making any injuries on the breast skin. We evaluated the aesthetic results and the curability of this surgical method. Methods: We have performed VABS on 300 patients since December 2001. The newly devised TARM was performed on 120 patients of early breast cancer, stage I and II. After endoscopic SN biopsy, we elongated the axillary skin incision to 2.5 cm. We dissected major pectoral muscle fascia to detach retromammary tissue behind the tumor. We cut the mammary gland with clear surgical margin, and removed it through the axillary port. The breast reconstruction was made by filling absorbable oxydized cellulose. The postoperative aesthetic results were evaluated by ABNSW. Results: BCS was performed on 286 patients (26 after preoperative chemotherapy) and skin-sparing mastectomy on 14. There was no serious complication after surgery. Surgical margin was minimally positive in 2. The original shapes of the breast were preserved well. The follow-up is 126 months at maximum and 74 months on average. There is 3 locoregional recurrences and 14 distant metastases. 5-year survival rate is 97.3%. With regard to TARM, The skin incision only in the axilla made better looks and shapes of the breast. It could be applied for tumors in any area of the breast without tumor nipple extension. The reconstruction with oxidized cellulose needs no excessive detachment of the skin beyond the surgical margin. The postoperative esthetic results were excellent and better. The sensory disturbance was minimal. All patients expressed great satisfaction. Conclusions: VABS can be considered as a good surgical procedure concerning locoregional control and esthetics. TARM is better on the patients without tumor nipple extension.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene 677C&gt;T and 1298A&gt;C haplotypes: New prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: H. Nueckel, U. H. Frey, J. Duerig, U. Duehrsen, W. Siffert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6524 Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) regulates the metabolism of folate and methionine, important components of DNA synthesis and methylation. Two common genetic polymorphisms (677C>T and 1298A>C) are associated with reduced MTHFR activity. We investigated whether MTHFR genotypes are associated with an increased risk for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) or might predict disease progression in CLL patients. Methods: We genotyped the two MTHFR polymorphisms using DNA from 111 patients with CLL and 92 healthy controls using PCR amplification followed by restriction analysis. Results: Comparing the CLL patients with the healthy controls we found no significant differences in allele frequencies or genotype distributions for both polymorphisms. Progression-free-survival (PFS), a surrogate marker for disease progression, was not significant different in individuals with CLL, if all disease stages were included. However, in patients with stage A according to Binet PFS was significantly longer in patients displaying the MTHFR 677CC (p= 0.0423) and the MTHFR 1298A/C or CC genotypes (p= 0,0189), respectively. In a multivariate analysis a MTHFR haplotype (677 CC plus 1298 CC or A/C) was the best independent prognostic factor for PFS comparing with other known prognostic factors. In a subgroup analysis of prognostically more favourable, ZAP-70 negative CLL patients the two MTHFR polymorphisms, and especially the MTHFR haplotype, could separate patients into two groups with different PFS. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the MTHFR 677C>T and MTHFR 1298A>C polymorphisms do not affect the risk for B-CLL. However, MTHFR genotypes may be independent prognostic markers, which influence the PFS in patients with B-CLL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Endoscopy again supports Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month
Authors: Mario Dinis-Ribeiro, Michael Bretthauer, Peter Siersema
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an increasing burden, contributing 8.5 % of all cancer deaths, with more than 600 000 individuals dying every year worldwide. Identification and removal of precancerous and early invasive lesions has been recognized as the best strategy for combating this disease. Unsurprisingly, colonoscopy is thought to have a central role in the early detection and diagnosis of CRC. It is an important component of all general population screening programs and in surveillance for patients at high risk of developing CRC. Moreover, it also provides the possibility of minimally invasive therapy with consequent added value for patients’ quality of life. Therefore, the impact of research on different aspects of colonoscopy can be expected to have a considerable impact. In this March issue, Endoscopy is supporting the global initiative of Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month by carrying research reports that may especially contribute to the challenge against colorectal cancer.
A Pilot Evaluation of Portfolios for Quality Attestation of Clinical Ethics Consultants
Authors: Joseph J. Fins, Eric Kodish, Felicia Cohn, Marion Danis, Arthur R. Derse, Nancy Neveloff Dubler, Barbara Goulden, Mark Kuczewski, Mary Beth Mercer, Robert A. Pearlman, Martin L. Smith, Anita Tarzian, Stuart J. Youngner
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

Although clinical ethics consultation is a high-stakes endeavor with an increasing prominence in health care systems, progress in developing standards for quality is challenging. In this article, we describe the results of a pilot project utilizing portfolios as an evaluation tool. We found that this approach is feasible and resulted in a reasonably wide distribution of scores among the 23 submitted portfolios that we evaluated. We discuss limitations and implications of these results, and suggest that this is a significant step on the pathway to an eventual certification process for clinical ethics consultants.
Where there's smoke there's fire! What is the function?
Authors: Peggy Radford
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Morbidity and mortality from smoke inhalation occurs in victims of fire. This study's purpose is to report infant pulmonary function (IPL) in children exposed to smoke from a building fire. The children received care in another facility and were referred to our center for IPL. IPL was performed on 45 children; 23 females, 22 males mean age of 114 weeks; range 50 to 173 wks at the time of testing. Time to testing after the fire was 8.4 months (range 3-17mos). Conscious sedation was used for raised volume thoracoabdominal compression as the IPL technique. Pre-bronchodilator results were obtained on 45 children.

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Table 1





Levalbuterol was given if the child remained sedated. 35 children had post bronchodilator IPL. There was no significant changed noted in FVC or FEV.5 however the change in FEF25-75(108.7% to 114.5%) was significant. IPL results were further divided into 2 groups based on Total Lung Capacity (TLC < 80%; TLC ≥ 80%).

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Table 2





The low TLC group also had significantly lower FVC and FEV.5 than the normal TLC group. The results of 45 children showed low normal TLC and FVC. When the results compared abnormal TLC% versus normal TLC%, the low TLC% group also had significantly lower FVC and FEV.5 than normal TLC% group. These findings are similar to the decline in FVC found in World Trade Center workers. Longitudinal lung function data will be important to obtain to determine future recovery or decline in lung function and to collect future respiratory infection risks and complications.
Abbas E. Kitabchi, PhD, MD: An Exemplary Mentor and Clinical Researcher
Authors: Guillermo E. Umpierrez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

The word “mentor” was first used in Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey . When Odysseus, the king of Ithaca, went to fight the Trojan War, he asked Mentor to serve as a teacher and overseer to his son Telemachus. Mentor failed in his duties, and it was Athena, goddess of war and patroness of the arts and industry, who assumed the form of Mentor and served as Telemachus’ wise and trusted adviser and counselor. The first recorded modern usage of the term can be traced to the 18th century book entitled Les Aventures de Telemaque , by the French writer Fenelon. Since then, the word “mentor” has evolved to mean trusted adviser, a wise and responsible tutor who shares knowledge with and inspires, challenges, and serves as a role model to a less experienced person. Dr. Abbas E. Kitabchi exemplifies all the attributes of a great mentor, as can be attested by the large number of health care professionals that have benefited from his mentoring during the past four decades.



Abbas E. Kitabchi at the Clinical Research Unit, UTHSC, Memphis, TN



Dr. Kitabchi, or Abbie as his friends and relatives call him, was born in Teheran, Iran, in 1933. He was the third among seven siblings and the first in his family to receive a high school education. His father, Hossein Eqbal Kitabchi, was a publisher and his mother was a housewife. After completing high school, he immigrated to the U.S. at 17 years of age to attend Cornell College in Mount Vernon, IA, to follow his father’s dream for Abbie to become a heart surgeon. He remembers:As a young immigrant with almost no ability to speak English and only $600 in my pocket, it was indeed uncomfortable and challenging at first. I was scared and lonely living in …
College Sports–Related Injuries — United States, 2009–10 Through 2013–14 Academic Years
Authors: Zachary Y. Kerr, Stephen W. Marshall, Thomas P. Dompier, Jill Corlette, David A. Klossner, Julie Gilchrist
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

Sports-related injuries can have a substantial impact on the long-term health of student-athletes. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) monitors injuries among college student-athletes at member schools. In academic year 2013-14, a total of 1,113 member schools fielded 19,334 teams with 478,869 participating student-athletes in NCAA championship sports (i.e., sports with NCAA championship competition) (1). External researchers and CDC used information reported to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) by a sample of championship sports programs to summarize the estimated national cumulative and annual average numbers of injuries during the 5 academic years from 2009-10 through 2013-14. Analyses were restricted to injuries reported among student-athletes in 25 NCAA championship sports. During this period, 1,053,370 injuries were estimated to have occurred during an estimated 176.7 million athlete-exposures to potential injury (i.e., one athlete's participation in one competition or one practice). Injury incidence varied widely by sport. Among all sports, men's football accounted for the largest average annual estimated number of injuries (47,199) and the highest competition injury rate (39.9 per 1,000 athlete-exposures). Men's wrestling experienced the highest overall injury rate (13.1 per 1,000) and practice injury rate (10.2 per 1,000). Among women's sports, gymnastics had the highest overall injury rate (10.4 per 1,000) and practice injury rate (10.0 per 1,000), although soccer had the highest competition injury rate (17.2 per 1,000). More injuries were estimated to have occurred from practice than from competition for all sports, with the exception of men's ice hockey and baseball. However, injuries incurred during competition were somewhat more severe (e.g., requiring ≥7 days to return to full participation) than those acquired during practice. Multiple strategies are employed by NCAA and others to reduce the number of injuries in organized sports. These strategies include committees that recommend rule and policy changes based on surveillance data and education and awareness campaigns that target both athletes and coaches. Continued analysis of surveillance data will help to understand whether these strategies result in changes in the incidence and severity of college sports injuries.