tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carcinogenesis In Tissue Culture. XIV. Malignant Transformation of Rat Liver Parenchymal Cells Treated With 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide In Tissue Culture234
Authors: Hajim Katsuta, Toshiko Takaoka
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

A diploid strain of liver parenchymal cells from a normal inbred rat was treated in culture with 3.3 × 10-6M 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) at 37° C one to several times, each time for 30 minutes. In each of 5 experiments the treated cells became malignant. In 1 experiment, the cells were transformed by only 1 treatment: They were backtransplanted about 3.5 months after the treatment intraperitoneally into 2 suckling rats, one of which died with tumor after 3.6 months. Repeated 4NQO treatments did not shorten the lifespans of the transplanted animals, except in 1 study. Tumor ascites consisted of isolated single cells and various sizes of cell clumps, whose morphology closely resembled that of other transplantable rat ascites hepatoma lines. The tumor cells in the ascites could grow in other rats as well as in tissue culture. Tumor nodules produced on the peritoneum were shown histologically to contain both sarcomatous and carcinomatous cells. Continuous cinemicrography for more than 6 months revealed no marked change in static morphology of the treated cells but did show a loss of intercellular adhesiveness, suggesting some change in the cell membrane. The transformed strains lost 1 or 2 chromosomes in the modal number, and they did not agglutinate with concanavalin A. The untreated control cells did not produce tumors on backtransplantation at the 4-month stage, when 4NQO-treated cells were confirmed to be malignant in 4 of 5 series, but they underwent spontaneous transformation by the 17th month.
Fetal and infant growth is associated with wheezing in preschool children. The Generation R study
Authors: Agnes Sonnenschein-van der Voort, Johan de Jongste, Albert Hofman, Henriëtte Moll, Eric Steegers, Vincent Jaddoe, Liesbeth Duijts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Birth size is associated with wheezing in childhood. Not much is known about the role of longitudinal growth in fetal life and infancy on asthma symptoms. Our aim was to examine the associations of fetal and infant growth characteristics with wheezing in preschool children.

Methods: This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study among 5,125 children. Information on second and third trimester fetal growth (femur length, head circumference, abdominal circumference, fetal estimated weight) was obtained by multiple ultrasounds during pregnancy. Infant growth (length, weight) was repeatedly measured at the Community Health Centres at the ages of 3, 6, and 12 months. All growth characteristics were converted into age and sex adjusted standard deviation scores (SDS). Parental report of wheezing until the age of 4 years was yearly obtained by questionnaires.

Results: Fetal growth characteristics were not associated with wheezing at all ages. Infant weight gain was associated with the risk of wheezing in the first 2 years (Odds ratios (OR) age 1 year: 1.12 (95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 1.04, 1.22); age 2 years: 1.23 (1.12, 1.35)) per SDS weight gain in the first 3 months of life. These effect estimates were higher for children who were fetal growth restricted from the 2nd trimester to birth (age 1 year: 1.32 (1.10, 1.57), age 2 years: 1.26 (1.04, 1.54)).

Conclusions: Increased weight gain during the first 3 months after birth is associated with increased risk of wheezing in the first 2 years of life, especially after fetal growth restriction. Our results suggest that abnormal fetal and infant growth might influence the development of asthma in childhood.
Addressing Challenges to Implementation of the Contraceptive Coverage Guarantee of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Mary C. Politi, Adam Sonfield, Tessa Madden
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thrombopoietin, kit Ligand, and flk2/flt3 Ligand Together Induce Increased Numbers of Primitive Hematopoietic Progenitors From Human CD34+Thy-1+Lin− Cells With Preserved Ability to Engraft SCID-hu Bone
Authors: Karin M. Luens, Marilyn A. Travis, Ben P. Chen, Beth L. Hill, Roland Scollay, Lesley J. Murray
Journal: Blood (1998)
Second malignant neoplasms in children treated for rhabdomyosarcoma. Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Committee.
Authors: R Heyn, V Haeberlen, W A Newton, A H Ragab, R B Raney, M Tefft, M Wharam, L G Ensign, H M Maurer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE This study was performed to determine the incidence and risk factors involved in the development of a second malignant neoplasm (SMN) after treatment of primary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in patients enrolled onto Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies I and II (IRS I and II). PATIENTS AND METHODS There were 1,770 patients with primary RMS entered onto IRS I and II between 1972 and 1984. They were treated with chemotherapy and, in most instances, radiotherapy according to randomized or assigned regimens based on clinical grouping. Median follow-up time for these patients was 8.4 years. Incidence density (ID) was calculated for each study and for treatment and age groups. The 10-year cumulative incidence was estimated for each study. RESULTS Twenty-two SMNs have been reported through 1991. The most common tumor type was a bone sarcoma followed by acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). The median time to the development of an SMN was 7 years (range, 1 11/12 to 15 9/12 years). The 10-year cumulative incidence rate was 1.7% for both studies. ID and cumulative incidence estimates were highest for patients who received both an alkylating agent and radiotherapy. The majority of patients for whom family histories were available had either neurofibromatosis themselves or a family history that suggested the Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that genetic abnormalities play a prominent role in the development of an SMN after therapy for a primary RMS. Chemotherapy with an alkylating agent and radiotherapy play significant roles in the development of an SMN compared with patients who received only one of these therapeutic modalities.
Effect of Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate on Protein Synthesis in L5178Y Cells After Hyperthermia2
Authors: J. E. Fuhr, T. J. Yang, T. Townes, M. Overton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Effect of Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate on Protein Synthesis in L5178Y Cells After Hyperthermia Get access J. E. Fuhr, J. E. Fuhr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. J. Yang, T. J. Yang Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Townes, T. Townes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Overton M. Overton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 5, November 1977, Pages 1469–1473, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.5.1469 Published: 01 November 1977 Article history Received: 17 January 1977 Accepted: 13 June 1977 Published: 01 November 1977
Association of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption During Early Adulthood With the Prevalence of Coronary Artery Calcium After 20 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Michael D. Miedema, Andrew Petrone, James M. Shikany, Philip Greenland, Cora E. Lewis, Mark J. Pletcher, J. Michael Gaziano, Luc Djousse
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— The relationship between intake of fruits and vegetables (F/V) during young adulthood and coronary atherosclerosis later in life is unclear. Methods and Results— We studied participants of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a cohort of young, healthy black and white individuals at baseline (1985–1986). Intake of F/V at baseline was assessed using a semiquantitative interview administered diet history, and coronary artery calcium was measured at year 20 (2005–2006) using computed tomography. We used logistic regression to adjust for relevant variables and estimate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals across energy-adjusted, sex-specific tertiles of total servings of F/V per day. Among our sample (n=2506), the mean (SD) age at baseline was 25.3 (3.5) years, and 62.7% were female. After adjustment for demographics and lifestyle variables, higher intake of F/V was associated with a lower prevalence of coronary artery calcium: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) =1.00 (reference), 0.78 (0.59–1.02), and 0.74 (0.56–0.99), from the lowest to the highest tertile of F/V, P value for trend &lt;0.001. There was attenuation of the association between F/V and coronary artery calcium after adjustment for other dietary variables, but the trend remained significant: odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.00 (reference), 0.84 (0.63–1.11), and 0.92 (0.67–1.26), P value for trend &lt;0.002]. Conclusions— In this longitudinal cohort study, higher intake of F/V during young adulthood was associated with lower odds of prevalent coronary artery calcium after 20 years of follow-up. Our results reinforce the importance of establishing a high intake of F/V as part of a healthy dietary pattern early in life.
Multiple myeloma treatment response assessment with whole-body dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging.
Authors: K. Belhadj, C. Lin, A. Luciani, T. EL Gnaoui, I. Gaillard, J. Dupuis, F. Kuhnowski, M. Bedoui, A. Rahmouni, C. Haioun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

8150 Background: Patients (pts) with multiple myeloma (MM) have higher microvessel density (MD) than control subjects. Bone marrow MD of responders decreases after therapy. Microcirculatory parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging correlate well with histologic grade of infiltration, MD, and serum markers of MM activity. A reduction in these parameters has been observed in pts who respond to treatment. Methods: To compare posttreatment bone marrow changes at dynamic whole-body contrast-enhanced MR (dWBMR) imaging with clinical response in pts with MM and to determine if dWBMR can be used to assess treatment response. 30 pts, median age 58 years, underwent dWBMR imaging before treatment, after induction chemotherapy and after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) (n = 20). Maximal percentages of bone marrow (BME max) and focal lesion (FLE max) enhancement were assessed at each dWBMR imaging examination. Clinical responses were determined on the basis of IMWG uniform response criteria. Post treatment changes in BME max and FLE max were compared with clinical response. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of post treatment BME max was used to identify poor responders. Results: 11 of 30 pts were good responders to induction; 16 of 20 pts were good responders to ASCT. After induction chemotherapy, mean BME max differed (p = .02) between good (94.3%) and poor responders (138.4%). A post treatment BME max of more than 96.8% had 100% sensitivity for the identification of poor responders (specificity, 76.9%; area under the ROC curve, 0.90; p = .0001). Mean FLE max after induction chemotherapy did not differ between good and poor responders. Mean timing (number of post contrast dynamic acquisitions where FLE max was observed) was delayed in good responders compared with poor responders (4.7 vs 2.9 minutes, p = .0001). Post-ASCT dWBMR imaging results correctly depicted all four clinically good responders whose disease subsequently progressed (2 to 15 months). Conclusions: With quantitative analysis of BME max and the timing of FLE max, dWBMR imaging can be used to assess treatment response in pts with MM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The impact of a bladder cancer diagnosis on smoking behavior: An opportunity to improve care.
Authors: J. C. Bassett, J. L. Gore, A. C. Chi, L. Kwan, K. Chamie, C. Saigal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4570 Background: Cigarette smoking is causal in 30-50% of bladder cancer diagnoses. Smoking after diagnosis results in decreased recurrence and progression-free survival. Little is known about the smoking history, awareness of the risks of continued smoking, and success with quitting among patients with incident bladder cancer. Methods: A random sample of bladder cancer survivors was obtained from the California Cancer Registry. Subjects were surveyed regarding tobacco history, beliefs regarding risk factors, and physician influence on smoking. Four cohorts were created: never smokers, former smokers (quit smoking prior to diagnosis), and active smokers (smoking at time of diagnosis). Active smokers were classified as continued smokers (still smoking at time of survey) and quit smokers. Cohorts were compared using contingency tables and multivariate analysis. Results: Of 153 patients surveyed, 77% of respondents were male. Mean age was 69.2 years. 23% were never smokers, 59% former smokers, and 18% were active smokers at diagnosis. 39% of active smokers continued to smoke after diagnosis. Quit smokers were more likely than former or continued smokers to endorse tobacco use as a risk factor for their bladder cancer (94% vs. 44% vs. 82%, respectively, p<0.001), with 82% indicating that their urologist was the source of this knowledge. 88% of quit smokers indicated that the diagnosis of bladder cancer was responsible for their successful cessation and 71% cited the advice of the urologist. There were no differences between the quit smokers and the continued smokers in age at diagnosis, packs per day, or total pack years. Continued smokers started smoking at a younger age than quit smokers [mean 14.1 vs. 19.4, p=0.003] and had smoked for more years [mean 53.3 vs 37.1, p=0.002]. Conclusions: Most patients with incident bladder cancer are active or former smokers. Patients who continue smoking after diagnosis demonstrate lower smoking health literacy compared with those who quit smoking. Urologists play an important role in educating their patients with bladder cancer. Patient education and smoking cessation efforts aimed at newly diagnosed bladder cancer patients could improve overall and disease-specific survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Higher levels of mercury in brain are not linked to increased risk of Alzheimer’s, study finds
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Eating seafood once a week or more is associated with higher levels of mercury in the brain, but these were not correlated with more brain neuropathology, a study in JAMA has found.1 In fact, the analysis of autopsied brains showed that moderate seafood consumption was correlated with less Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology.

Seafood consumption is promoted for its many health benefits. However, it can be a source of mercury, a known neurotoxin that impairs neurocognitive development. Mercury toxicity is reduced …
Retreatment of patients with the same chemotherapy: Implications for clinical mechanisms of drug resistance
Authors: S. Cara, I.F. Tannock
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)

Patients who relapse after adjutant chemotherapy, or after attaining remission following treatment of advanced disease, are sometimes retreated with the same type of chemotherapy. The objective of the current review of published reports was to assess the probability of response to retreatment, and to examine evidence for transient rather than stable forms of clinical drug resistance.A Medline review of published clinical series where patients were retreated with the same chemotherapy that they had received previously.We located 15 reports of patients with advanced disease who were retreated with the same chemotherapy following complete remission and subsequent relapse, and three reports where patients received the same chemotherapy that was given previously as adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. For patients with advanced disease the median time off-treatment was 48 weeks; response rates to retreatment using appropriate criteria were in the range of 18%-100% (median 51%), with a substantial proportion of second complete responses. For patients retreated after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer the median interval between treatments was 84 weeks and the response rates were in the range of 40%-51%.With the caveat that this type of review is subject to publication bias, retreatment of patients who relapse after complete response to initial therapy, or after adjuvant therapy, is associated with a substantial probability of response. Together with evidence that more prolonged or intensive initial therapy rarely leads to more frequent or more prolonged responses, the current review suggests that some patients may develop transient resistance to chemotherapy.
A phase II, open-label study of PTK787/ZK222584 in the treatment of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) resistant to imatinib mesylate
Authors: H. Joensuu, F. De Braud, P. Coco, T. De Pas, C. Spreafico, P. Bono, T. Jalava, D. Laurent, P. Casali
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

9531 Background: PTK787/ZK222584 (PTK/ZK) is a novel, oral selective inhibitor of certain receptor tyrosine kinases that may be important in the molecular pathogenesis of GIST (KIT, PDGFRs, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2). The efficacy and safety of PTK/ZK are not known in the treatment of imatinib resistant GIST. Methods: Pts who had histologically diagnosed, metastatic GIST that had progressed after at least 4 weeks of treatment with imatinib were eligible. Prior therapy with KDR inhibitor therapy was not allowed. PTK/ZK was administered orally 1,250 mg once daily until treatment failure. No concomitant systemic cancer treatments were allowed. Treatment response was monitored at 4 to 8 wk intervals and evaluated using the RECIST criteria. Adverse events (AE) were scored using the NCI/NIH Common Toxicity Criteria v. 2.0. A total of 15 pts were planned to be accrued as a 2-stage procedure. The highest prior imatinib dose: 400 mg, n=1; 600 mg, n=2; 800 mg, n=11; 1,000 mg, n=1. Prior response to imatinib: PR, n=8; SD, n=5; PD, n=1; unknown, n=1. Results: All 15 pts (M 12, F 3) enrolled were eligible. Two (13%) pts achieved PR, 8 (53%) had SD for 3 months or longer, and 5 progressed. The clinical benefit rate (PR+SD) was 67% (95% CI, 38% to 86%). The duration of the 2 PRs was 95 + and 225+ days and 8 SDs from 93+ to 346+ days. All PRs and SDs are ongoing to date. The median time to treatment failure (TTTF) has not been reached. PTK/ZK was well tolerated. The most frequently recorded AEs were dizziness (n=6), nausea/vomiting (n=6), abdominal pain/abdominal pain upper (n=4) and asthenia (n=4). All recorded AEs were either of grade 1 or 2 except for 2 events (grade 4 hypercalcemia, n=1; grade 4 pain, n=1). Conclusions: PTK787/ZK222584 showed signs of activity in this series of GIST patients who progressed during imatinib treatment. The dose of 1,250 mg o.d. is generally well tolerated. [Table: see text]
Sputum biomarkers of inflammation in smokers and subjects with COPD
Authors: Jing Gao, Helen Ilumets, Anna Linja-aho, Steffen Ohlmeier, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Hideo Kobayashi, Tuula Toljamo, Vuokko L. Kinnula, Ville Pulkkinen, Witold Mazur
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: The study aimed to compare compounds postulated to represent potential COPD biomarkers from hypothesis and/or recent non-biased proteomics derived investigations using carefully characterized groups.  Methods: Sputum samples were processed from 211 subjects, never smokers (NS), non-symptomatic smokers (NSS), symptomatic smokers (SS), and from smokers with recently diagnosed mild-moderate COPD. Subjects with COPD produced sputum, they had no asthma/COPD overlap, no other diseases, no previous COPD exacerbations and no anti-inflammatory medications. The compounds selected included myeloperoxidase (MPO), human neutrophil lipocalin 2 (HNL), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT). The analyses were conducted by EIA/ELISA methods. Predictions of the biomarkers were tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.  Results: HNL was elevated significantly in COPD and could differentiate COPD from smokers, NSS and SS from each other. Levels of MPO, MMP-9, and SP-A were elevated in smokers and COPD compared to NS, while those of SP-D and AAT were not changed significantly. The predictive capabilities of MPO, HNL, MMP-9, and SP-A to distinguish smokers (COPD, NSS, SS altogether) from controls (NS) and patients with COPD from the smokers (NSS, SS) were good and poor, respectively.  Conclusion: In this cohort, HNL appeared to be the most promising COPD marker in sputum. These results combined with our recent plasma studies indicate that some of these compounds hold potential for identifying COPD from sputum while for some others (SP-A, AAT) appear to be more useful in plasma specimens.