tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The absolute values of extravascular lung water content as a criterion in the evaluation of the functional operability of patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Mikhail G. Kovalev, Peter K. Yablonsky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The purpose of the study. Show the possibility of additional evaluation of functional operability of patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis (PPT) at pneumonectomy using the transpulmonary thermodilution (TPT).

Material and methods . The study included 88 patients aged 38.8 ± 1.8 years in need of PE over PPT. Preoperative evaluation included spirometry, lung perfusion scintigraphy, the use of the TPT (series instruments PICCO, Pulsion MedSys, Germany) with an estimate of the absolute and indexed values of extravascular fluid in the lung (EVLW), blood gas (RaO2/FiO2 ) .

Results. PPT patients before surgery, depending on the volume of lung tissue destruction, determined a direct correlation between the decrease in VC and FEV1 (R = 0.78, p <0.0000001). EVLW content correlated with the values of VC (R = 0.53, p <0.0000001). It was calculated the ratio VC (ml) to EVLW (ml). Under normal' values , it is 10-24 1/1, with PPT it declined. It was found correlation between VC / EVLW and pulmonary vascular permeability index (R = - 0.36, p = 0.001), and between the index values and RaO2/FiO2 (R = 0.38, p = 0.0002). In response to a fluid therapy in patients with low values of VC / EVLW increase EVLW index (Δ EVLWI, ml / kg) was greater (R = -0.47, p = 0.00001).

Conclusions: The ratio of VC / EVLW, based on an assessment of the absolute values of EVLW, can be considered as an additional criterion of functional operability with extensive lung resection in patients with PPT.
VEGF-A/VEGFR Inhibition Restores Hematopoietic Homeostasis in the Bone Marrow and Attenuates Tumor Growth
Authors: Rebekah K. O'Donnell, Beverly Falcon, Jeff Hanson, Whitney E. Goldstein, Carole Perruzzi, Shahin Rafii, William C. Aird, Laura E. Benjamin
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Antiangiogenesis-based cancer therapies, specifically those targeting the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 pathway, have been approved for subsets of solid tumors. However, these therapies result in an increase in hematologic adverse events. We surmised that both the bone marrow vasculature and VEGF receptor-positive hematopoietic cells could be impacted by VEGF pathway-targeted therapies. We used a mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer to decipher the mechanism by which VEGF pathway inhibition alters hematopoiesis. Tumor-bearing animals, while exhibiting increased angiogenesis at the primary tumor site, showed signs of shrinkage in the sinusoidal bone marrow vasculature accompanied by an increase in the hematopoietic stem cell-containing Lin-cKit(+)Sca1(+) (LKS) progenitor population. Therapeutic intervention by targeting VEGF-A, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 inhibited tumor growth, consistent with observed alterations in the primary tumor vascular bed. These treatments also displayed systemic effects, including reversal of the tumor-induced shrinkage of sinusoidal vessels and altered population balance of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, manifested by the restoration of sinusoidal vessel morphology and hematopoietic homeostasis. These data indicate that tumor cells exert an aberrant systemic effect on the bone marrow microenvironment and VEGF-A/VEGFR targeting restores bone marrow function.
Skeletal muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer
Authors: Masato Oikawa, Ryo Kozu, Masatoshi Hanada, Yudai Yano, Naoya Yamasaki, Tomoshi Tsuchiya, Keitarou Matsumoto, Takurou Miyazaki, Takeshi Nagayasu, Hideaki Senjyu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  Although the most effective treatment for lung cancer remains complete surgical resection with curative intent, it is unclear how pulmonary resection has influenced physical function during early postoperative period after surgery.  Objectives  The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of surgery for lung cancer on skeletal muscle function and exercise capacity.  Methods  Handgrip and Quadriceps force (HF, QF) and six minute walking distance (6MWD) were assessed in 168 patients (108 males, age 68±8) before and 1 week after surgery, lung resection by video assisted thoracotomy surgery or thoracotomy. All patients received standard perioperative physiotherapy.  Results  Significant decreases were found in HF (29.5±9.2kg vs. 28.3±9.0kg, respectively; P  Conclusions  Skeletal muscle strength and functional exercise capacity during the early postoperative period after lung resection decreased , and patients who had lower 6MWD were significantly more pulmonary complications and longer duration of chest tube drainage. These results suggest that routine exercise testing and training in early postoperative period after surgery are needed for improving physical function and activities.
Characterization and Spontaneous Neoplastic Transformation of Mouse Embryo Cells Isolated and Continuously Cultured &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; in Chemically Defined Medium NCTC 135
Authors: William F. Andresen, Floyd M. Price, Jay L. Jackson, Thelma B. Dunn, Virginia J. Evans
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

A strain of fibroblast-like cells has been isolated from C3H mouse embryos and grown in chemically defined medium NCTC 135. These cells were isolated by mechanical disaggregation of the source tissue and have never been exposed to protein supplements, enzymes, or hormones. Colonies of epithelium-like cells were observed after 249 days' growth in vitro and these cells appeared to have a lethal effect on the fibroblast-like cells when the two cell types came into contact. After the epithelium-like cells were eliminated by mechanical means, the strain of fibroblast-like cells was finally developed. By the time the chromosomal analyses were initiated on the cells of this strain, the mode was hypotetraploid. The cell strain does not yet exhibit a stabilized mode. These cells can be grown in some of the less complex formulations of the NCTC media containing vitamin B12 and i-inositol which are required for continuous growth of this strain. They can also be grown continuously in medium NCTC 135 produced by at least one commercial source. The strain can also be successfully frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen with dimethylsulfoxide as the protective agent. Malignant transformation in vitro, as evidenced by tumor production, was first noted from intraocular implants of cells in culture 411 days. The tumors were transplantable and were composed of fusiform cells. Histologically the tumors resembled the fibrosarcomas commonly derived from tissue-cultured cells.
BMD Loci Contribute to Ethnic and Developmental Differences in Skeletal Fragility across Populations: Assessment of Evolutionary Selection Pressures
Authors: Carolina Medina-Gómez, Alessandra Chesi, Denise H.M. Heppe, Babette S. Zemel, Jia-Lian Yin, Heidi J. Kalkwarf, Albert Hofman, Joan M. Lappe, Andrea Kelly, Manfred Kayser, Sharon E. Oberfield, Vicente Gilsanz, André G. Uitterlinden, John A. Shepherd, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Struan F.A. Grant, Oscar Lao, Fernando Rivadeneira
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a highly heritable trait used both for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in adults and to assess bone health in children. Ethnic differences in BMD have been documented, with markedly higher levels in individuals of African descent, which partially explain disparity in osteoporosis risk across populations. To date, 63 independent genetic variants have been associated with BMD in adults of Northern-European ancestry. Here, we demonstrate that at least 61 of these variants are predictive of BMD early in life by studying their compound effect within two multiethnic pediatric cohorts. Furthermore, we show that within these cohorts and across populations worldwide the frequency of those alleles associated with increased BMD is systematically elevated in individuals of Sub-Saharan African ancestry. The amount of differentiation in the BMD genetic scores among Sub-Saharan and non-Sub-Saharan populations together with neutrality tests, suggest that these allelic differences are compatible with the hypothesis of selective pressures acting on the genetic determinants of BMD. These findings constitute an explorative contribution to the role of selection on ethnic BMD differences and likely a new example of polygenic adaptation acting on a human trait.
Damage of bone metabolism and osteoporosis in testicular cancer patients
Authors: J. Mardiak, D. Ondrus, B. Spanikova, B. Ostatnikova
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

5052 Background: Improved survival of testicular cancer (TC) patients leads to rising of interest on late toxicity. Treatment-related bone loss is well recognized in breast and prostate cancer, but there has been little information in long-term survivors from other tumors. The aim of the study was to assign the damage of bone metabolism in TC patients. Materials: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy photon x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and hips. BMD was classified as osteopenia (T score ranging from -1 to -2,5) and osteoporosis (T score less -2,5). C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX) were measured using ELISA. Additionally serum total testosterone was measured. Comparison was made with matched control data. Relationships between baseline characteristics (age, treatment type and time from orchiectomy) and BMD were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis tools. Results: We included 257 patients in the study (17 - 72 yrs old, median: 36 yrs) who were treated for GCT since 1982. 29 (11%) of them had bilateral orchiectomy (OE) due to bilateral TC. 23% of pts were treated by OE alone, 17% by subsequent radiotherapy of para-aortic field and 59% by subsequent chemotherapy. Median time since the OE was 4 years (1–36 yrs). Pts after bilateral OE had significantly lower BMD comparing with pts with unilateral OE. We didn’t find any differences between TC pts and matched control data regarding incidence of osteopenia and CTX, but the incidence of osteoporosis was considerably higher in TC pts. The incidence of osteoporosis appeared to increase with age and slightly correlated with time since OE, particularly after 10 years after OE. Type of therapy did not prove to have significant impact on the appearance of osteoporosis. Serum testosterone level did not correlate with BMD. Conclusion: The long term survivors from GCP have significantly higher risk of osteoporosis than healthy matched population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Health Care Transition in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Perspectives of Adult Endocrinologists in the U.S.
Authors: Katharine C. Garvey, Gabriela H. Telo, Joseph S. Needleman, Peter Forbes, Jonathan A. Finkelstein, Lori M. Laffel
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Young adults with type 1 diabetes transitioning from pediatric to adult care are at risk for adverse outcomes. Our objective was to describe experiences, resources, and barriers reported by a national sample of adult endocrinologists receiving and caring for young adults with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We fielded an electronic survey to adult endocrinologists with a valid e-mail address identified through the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile. RESULTS We received responses from 536 of 4,214 endocrinologists (response rate 13%); 418 surveys met the eligibility criteria. Respondents (57% male, 79% Caucasian) represented 47 states; 64% had been practicing &amp;gt;10 years and 42% worked at an academic center. Only 36% of respondents reported often/always reviewing pediatric records and 11% reported receiving summaries for transitioning young adults with type 1 diabetes, although &amp;gt;70% felt that these activities were important for patient care. While most respondents reported easy access to diabetes educators (94%) and dietitians (95%), fewer (42%) reported access to mental health professionals, especially in nonacademic settings. Controlling for practice setting and experience, endocrinologists without easy access to mental health professionals were more likely to report barriers to diabetes management for young adults with depression (odds ratio [OR] 5.3; 95% CI 3.4, 8.2), substance abuse (OR 3.5; 95% CI 2.2, 5.6), and eating disorders (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.6, 3.8). CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the need for enhanced information transfer between pediatric and adult providers and increased mental health referral access for young adults with diabetes post-transition.
The usefulness of the intensity of <sup>18</sup>fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in distinguishing between indolent and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: P. Sobrevilla-Calvo, J. Chalapud, S. Rivas -Vera, J. Altamirano-Ley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6584 Purpose: FDG PET is recommended for the initial evaluation and staging of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We investigated whether the intensity of tumor FDG uptake in NHL is significantly different between indolent and aggressive histology. Materials and Methods: We studied a retrospective cohort of lymphoma patients with NHL, attended at a single tertiary care center from April 2003 to November 2006 and who had not received treatment. We reviewed the initial, re-staging and/or relapse PET studies of 50 patients with diagnosis of NHL. Mean age 42 (15 to 72) years, 27 female and 23 male. We recorded the highest standardized uptake value (SUV), correlations were made with histopathology. We analyzed SUVs considering the various histologies and grades. Two sample comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The histopathological diagnoses were: diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (26 patients), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (7 patients), Follicular lymphoma (14 patients), and other types (3 patients, 1 MALT, 1 Burkitt and 1 small cell Burkitt-like). FDG uptake was lower in indolent (15 patients) than aggressive lymphoma (35 patients) (SUV, mean 6.2, SD Â ± 1.7, mean rank 15.47, sum of ranks 232 vs 12.9 Â ± 7.4, mean rank 29.8, sum of ranks 1,043; P=.001). Despite overlap between indolent and aggressive disease in the low SUV range (indolent 3.7 to 9.3; aggressive 3.2 to 24.9) all cases of indolent lymphoma had an SUV â‰¤ 9.3. Conclusion: FDG uptake is significantly lower in indolent than in aggressive lymphoma. Patients with NHL and SUV &gt; 10 have a high likelihood for aggressive disease. As with other retrospective studies, this information should be confirmed prospectively, but this data allows formulating new hypothesis about correlations between the SUV, the molecular subtypes and the clinical behaviour of the lymphomas No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sipuleucel-T product characterization across different disease states of prostate cancer.
Authors: Nadeem A. Sheikh, Eric Jay Small, David I. Quinn, Celestia S. Higano, Daniel W. Lin, Johnna D. Wesley, Heather Haynes, Frances P. Stewart, Christian Heinrich Poehlein, James B. Trager
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

42 Background: Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy approved for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In the Phase 3 mCRPC trials, antigen presenting cell (APC) activation in sipuleucel-T correlated with overall survival. Here product characteristics of sipuleucel-T were compared in patients (pts) from trials in the neoadjuvant (n=42), asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC (n=341), and mCRPC (n=104) disease states. Methods: Sipuleucel-T comprises 3 treatments approximately 2 wks apart. Cellular composition and APC activation (CD54 upregulation) were evaluated in all courses of sipuleucel-T, and cumulative CD54 upregulation was calculated for each patient. In some studies, cytokines were assayed from culture supernatants and T cell and B cell activation markers were assessed by flow cytometry during manufacture. Results: Baseline demographics were generally representative of each disease state; neoadjuvant pts were younger with less disease burden; mCRPC pts had the highest disease burden and more frequent prior chemotherapy. While neoadjuvant pts had greater levels of T cells, the patterns of APC activation were similar among all trials, with increased CD54 upregulation at the second and third treatment. The trend for cumulative fold increase in CD54 upregulation was significantly greater in earlier disease pts (neoadjuvant: 35.5, asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC: 28.7, mCRPC: 21.8; p&lt;0.0001 (Joncheere-Terpstra test)). During manufacture of the product, lymphocyte activation markers and cytokines consistently showed enhanced expression during the second and third treatments in all disease states. The lymphocyte activation and cytokine profiles were similar between early and later disease state pts. Conclusions: While cellular composition varied with disease state, manufacture of sipuleucel-T activated APCs in both early and late disease states of prostate cancer, and generated similar T and B cell activation and cytokine production profiles consistent with immunological prime-boost. APC activation tended to be more robust in earlier disease states.
P1319 : Alfapump® system versus large volume paracentesis in the treatment of refractory ascites. A multicenter randomised controlled study
Authors: D. Adebayo, C. Bureau, D. Valla, M. Peck-Radosavljevic, A. McCune, V. Vargas, P. Angeli, S. Whittaker, R. Jalan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Impact of Gastric Acid–Suppressing Therapies on Platelet Reactivity in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Treated With Clopidogrel
Authors: John-Paul Pham, Masafumi Ueno, Antonio Tello-Montoliu, José Luis Ferreiro, Salvatore D. Tomasello, Kodlipet Dharmashankar, Murali Kodali, Naveen Seecheran, Davide Capodanno, Bhaloo Desai, Theodore A. Bass, Dominick J. Angiolillo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Validation of Clinicoradiological Criteria for the Diagnosis of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy–Related Inflammation
Authors: Eitan Auriel, Andreas Charidimou, M. Edip Gurol, Jun Ni, Ellis S. Van Etten, Sergi Martinez-Ramirez, Gregoire Boulouis, Fabrizio Piazza, Jacopo C. DiFrancesco, Matthew P. Frosch, Ashkan Shoamanesh, Yael Reijmer, Anastasia Vashkevich, Alison M. Ayres, Kristin M. Schwab, Anand Viswanathan, Steven M. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Cerebral amyloid angiopathy–related inflammation (CAA-ri) is an important diagnosis to reach in clinical practice because many patients with the disease respond to immunosuppressive therapy. Reliable noninvasive diagnostic criteria for CAA-ri would allow some patients to avoid the risk of brain biopsy. <h3>Objective</h3> To test the sensitivity and specificity of clinical and neuroimaging-based criteria for CAA-ri. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We modified the previously proposed clinicoradiological criteria and retrospectively analyzed clinical medical records and magnetic resonance imaging fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and gradient-echo scans obtained from individuals with CAA-ri and noninflammatory CAA. At 2 referral centers between October 1, 1995, and May 31, 2013, and between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011, participants included 17 individuals with pathologically confirmed CAA-ri and 37 control group members with pathologically confirmed noninflammatory CAA. The control group was further divided into those with past lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (n = 21) and those with cerebral microbleeds only and no history of ICH (n = 16). The dates of our analysis were September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2015. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The sensitivity and specificity of prespecified criteria for probable CAA-ri (requiring asymmetric white matter hyperintensities extending to the subcortical white matter) and possible CAA-ri (not requiring the white matter hyperintensities to be asymmetric). <h3>Results</h3> The 17 patients in the CAA-ri group were a mean (SD) of 68 (8) years and 8 (47%) were women. In the CAA-ri group, 14 of 17 (82%) met the criteria for both probable and possible CAA-ri. In the control group having noninflammatory CAA with lobar ICH, 1 of 21 (5%) met the criteria for possible CAA-ri, and none met the criteria for probable CAA-ri. In the control group having noninflammatory CAA with no ICH, 11 of 16 (69%) met the criteria for possible CAA-ri, and 1 of 16 (6%) met the criteria for probable CAA-ri. These findings yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 97%, respectively, for the probable criteria and a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 68%, respectively, for the possible criteria. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Our data suggest that a reliable diagnosis of CAA-ri can be reached from basic clinical and magnetic resonance imaging information alone, with good sensitivity and excellent specificity.
Health-related quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): First results based on the European IPF registry
Authors: Margarethe Wacker, Sabine Witt, Phillip Bonniaud, Bruno Crestani, Carlo Vancheri, Athol Wells, Fotios Drakopanagiotakis, Andreas Günther, Reiner Leidl
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  Due to the progressive course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) a restriction of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in IPF patients can be suspected. This study evaluates the influence of IPF on HRQL based on cross-sectional registry data which provide an unbiased impression of the entire diseased population.  Methods  Data from 142 individuals (23.2% female) of the German part of the eurIPFreg, Europe9s leading registry for IPF patients, were used. HRQL was assessed by the SF-36v2 (includes eight dimensions and two summary scores). HRQL in IPF was compared with German population norm values. Variation was evaluated by minimal important differences (MID).  Results  The study population with a mean age of 67.4 years (SD 9.4) had a mean time since diagnosis of 2.9 years (SD 3.2), the mean % predicted of FVC was 63.7% (SD 25.8) and of DLCO 41.5% (SD 18.8). Almost one third needed long-term oxygen therapy (32.6%).  The comparison to norm values showed a considerable and relevant restriction of HRQL in IPF patients over all SF-36 categories. Regarding general health perception, physical functioning, physical role function the loss of HRQL was more than the 10-fold MID. Age-stratified analysis provided similar results, whereas pain and mental component summary were not clinically important different from the German population in all age groups. The youngest age group (40-49 years, n=18) had the lowest HRQL in all categories.  Implications  Our results are consistent with an expected limitation of HRQL in IPF.
Degree of rationing in Zaire would be unacceptable in Britain
Authors: J. Burdon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The paper by the Rationing Agenda Group and the accompanying editorial by Richard Smith are encouraging a serious and more public review of rationing within the NHS.1 2 While working as a junior doctor within the NHS I was rarely bothered by the issue, but it is unavoidable here in north east Zaire, and it is occurring at a …