tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BIKE POSITION-AN INSIGHT INTO ATHLETIC ABILITY TO ADAPT TO CHANGE?
Authors: P Burt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The ergonomic interaction between a cyclist and their bike (bike fit) is a potential source of injury and under performance. Objective Expose the potential link between those riders who continually adjust their position (micro adjusters) and those do not (macro absorbers), and injury. Design Descriptive narrative of the longitudinal injury data and bike positional changes. Setting National Cycling Centre GB Cycling team. Clinical and technical rider input?-clinical, technical. All training and competition venues. Participants Podium and Podium Potential National Team athletes (16 female, 45 male). Interventions Injury/Illness Performance Project (IPP) injury audit, monitoring of bike set up and alterations made. Main outcome measure Reduce injury; improve performance by optimizing bike set up. Results Over the course of 2 years injury data audit collection a subjective correlation was noted between those riders who became injured and those who were sensitive to changes in bike set up. Riders who did not get injured observationally were less sensitive to positional changes. Changes to other equipment set up-pedals, cycling shoes elicited the same trend. Conclusions Does bike set up and a bike rider's sensitivity to it reflect their ability to adapt to and absorb change? This could be a useful parameter in identifying those individuals at risk from sudden bike set up changes, not only in position but also equipment and training i.e. the micro adjuster's vs. the macro absorbers of the world. More research is needed to establish the strength of the observed correlation. Ongoing injury audit has been adapted to capture this data.
Diagnosis and management of nail pigmentations
Authors: Ralph Peter Braun, Robert Baran, Frederique Anne Le Gal, Stephane Dalle, Sandra Ronger, Roberta Pandolfi, Olivier Gaide, Lars Einar French, Paul Laugier, Jean Hilaire Saurat, Ashfaq Ahmed Marghoob, Luc Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Referral of mothers and infants for intensive care.
Authors: A M Blake, M J Pollitzer, E O Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1979)

During 1975-7, 96 mothers were referred to University College Hospital for delivery from 39 other hospitals because their pregnancies were considered to be at very high risk. One hundred of the 111 infants born to the 96 mothers weighed 2500 g or less and 60 weighed 1500 g or less. A high proportion of the infants developed serious illnesses necessitating intensive care. The birth-weight-specific neonatal mortality rates of the infants were much lower than those of infants born in England and Wales as a whole and were also lower than those of the 370 infants transported to this hospital for intensive care after delivery elsewhere. Whenever possible mothers with very high-risk pregnancies should be referred for delivery to centres with full facilities for the intensive care of the mother, fetus, and newborn infant.
Memory, metamemory, and conditional statistics
Authors: Robert A. Bjork, Thomas D. Wickens
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Koriat &amp; Goldsmith's distinction between encoding processes and metamnemonic decision processes is theoretically and practically important, as is their methodology for separating the two. However, their accuracy measure is a conditional statistic, subject to the unfathomable selection effects that have hindered analogous measures in the past. We also find their arguments concerning basic and applied research mostly beside the point.
DIAGNOSIS OF PEMPHIGUS
Authors: GUSTAV ASBOE-HANSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— Differentiation of the pemphigus group of diseases from other bullous dermatoses is established by (1) blister spreading. (2) immuno‐fluorescence, (3) general clinical and pathological criteria. Differentiation between the pemphigus diseases: pemphigus vulgitris, vegetans, foliaceus, erythematosus, chronicus and conjunctivae is established by (1) site of artificial bulla after spreading. (2) acantholysis. (3) site of fluorescent antibody binding, (4) specific clinical and pathological criteria.
The Atrial Border Electrokymogram in Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: LOUIS A. SOLOFF, JACOB ZATUCHNI, HERBERT M. STAUFFER
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Border electrokymograms of the cardiovascular silhouette in various views were obtained at approximately 1.0 cm. intervals in 28 subjects to determine the constancy and the specificity of the atrial border motion and to determine its ability to differentiate organic from functional apical systolic murmurs. Although a "plateau" curve previously reported as pathognomonic of organic mitral regurgitation was obtained in 12 of the 13 individuals with various types of heart disease and with an apical systolic murmur, identical "plateau" curves were obtained in 10 of the 15 individuals with normal hearts and with no apical systolic murmur. Atrial curves previously reported as normal were also obtained in each of the 28 subjects studied. Some of the reasons for these results, which are at variance with those reported by others, are discussed.
Pain imaging in health and disease — how far have we come?
Authors: Petra Schweinhardt, M. Catherine Bushnell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Since modern brain imaging of pain began 20 years ago, networks in the brain related to pain processing and those related to different types of pain modulation, including placebo, have been identified. Functional and anatomical connectivity of these circuits has begun to be analyzed. Imaging in patients suggests that chronic pain is associated with altered function and structural abnormalities in pain modulatory circuits. Moreover, biochemical alterations associated with chronic pain are being identified that provide information on cellular correlates as well as potential mechanisms of structural changes. Data from these brain imaging studies reinforce the idea that chronic pain leads to brain changes that could have functional significance.
MicroRNA paraffin-based studies in osteosarcoma reveal reproducible independent prognostic profiles at 14q32
Authors: Andrew D Kelly, Benjamin Haibe-Kains, Katherine A Janeway, Katherine E Hill, Eleanor Howe, Jeffrey Goldsmith, Kyle Kurek, Antonio R Perez-Atayde, Nancy Francoeur, Jian-Bing Fan, Craig April, Hal Schneider, Mark C Gebhardt, Aedin Culhane, John Quackenbush, Dimitrios Spentzos
Journal: Genome Medicine (2013)

Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in osteosarcoma biology and chemoresponse, miRNA prognostic models are still needed, particularly because prognosis is imperfectly correlated with chemoresponse. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is a necessary resource for biomarker studies in this malignancy with limited frozen tissue availability.We performed miRNA and mRNA microarray formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded assays in 65 osteosarcoma biopsy and 26 paired post-chemotherapy resection specimens and used the only publicly available miRNA dataset, generated independently by another group, to externally validate our strongest findings (n = 29). We used supervised principal components analysis and logistic regression for survival and chemoresponse, and miRNA activity and target gene set analysis to study miRNA regulatory activity.Several miRNA-based models with as few as five miRNAs were prognostic independently of pathologically assessed chemoresponse (median recurrence-free survival: 59 months versus not-yet-reached; adjusted hazards ratio = 2.90; P = 0.036). The independent dataset supported the reproducibility of recurrence and survival findings. The prognostic value of the profile was independent of confounding by known prognostic variables, including chemoresponse, tumor location and metastasis at diagnosis. Model performance improved when chemoresponse was added as a covariate (median recurrence-free survival: 59 months versus not-yet-reached; hazard ratio = 3.91; P = 0.002). Most prognostic miRNAs were located at 14q32 - a locus already linked to osteosarcoma - and their gene targets display deregulation patterns associated with outcome. We also identified miRNA profiles predictive of chemoresponse (75% to 80% accuracy), which did not overlap with prognostic profiles.Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue-derived miRNA patterns are a powerful prognostic tool for risk-stratified osteosarcoma management strategies. Combined miRNA and mRNA analysis supports a possible role of the 14q32 locus in osteosarcoma progression and outcome. Our study creates a paradigm for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded-based miRNA biomarker studies in cancer.
The role of RNA folding free energy in the evolution of the polymerase genes of the influenza A virus
Authors: Rachel Brower-Sinning, Donald M Carter, Corey J Crevar, Elodie Ghedin, Ted M Ross, Panayiotis V Benos
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Abstract Background The influenza A virus genome is composed of eight single-stranded RNA segments of negative polarity. Although the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes are known to play a key role in host adaptation, the polymerase genes (which encode the polymerase segments PB2, PB1, PA) and the nucleoprotein gene are also important for the efficient propagation of the virus in the host and for its adaptation to new hosts. Current efforts to understand the host-specificity of the virus have largely focused on the amino acid differences between avian and human isolates. Results Here we show that the folding free energy of the RNA segments may play an equally important role in the evolution and host adaptation of the influenza virus. Folding free energy may affect the stability of the viral RNA and influence the rate of viral protein translation. We found that there is a clear distinction between the avian and human folding free energy distributions for the polymerase and the nucleoprotein genes, with human viruses having substantially higher folding free energy values. This difference is independent of the amino acid composition and the codon bias. Furthermore, the folding free energy values of the commonly circulating human viruses tend to shift towards higher values over the years, after they entered the human population. Finally, our results indicate that the temperature in which the cells grow affects infection efficiency. Conclusions Our data suggest for the first time that RNA structure stability may play an important role in the emergence and host shift of influenza A virus. The fact that cell temperature affects virus propagation in mammalian cells could help identify those avian strains that pose a higher threat to humans.
Sodium Sensitivity Related to Albuminuria Appearing Before Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Masahito Imanishi, Katsunobu Yoshioka, Michiaki Okumura, Yoshio Konishi, Noriyuki Okada, Takashi Morikawa, Toshihiko Sato, Shiro Tanaka, Satoru Fujii
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE— To find whether sodium sensitivity of blood pressure appears before hypertension and whether the sensitivity is related to diabetic nephropathy, we examined type 2 diabetic patients with normal levels of serum creatinine. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— A total of 32 patients were divided into three age-matched groups: 11 patients had normoalbuminuria, 12 had microalbuminuria, and 9 had macroalbuminuria. Patients stayed on a diet with ordinary sodium levels for 1 week and a sodium-restricted diet for 1 week, in random order. Urinary excretion of sodium and albumin and systemic blood pressure were measured daily. A pressure-natriuresis curve was drawn by linkage of the two datum points obtained in the steady state during the different diets. We calculated the sodium sensitivity index as the reciprocal of the slope of this curve. RESULTS— The median sodium sensitivity index and the mean blood pressure were higher in micro- and macroalbuminuric patients than in normoalbuminuric patients. Eighteen patients were without hypertension(&amp;lt;140/90 mmHg); of these, 10 had blood pressure readings &amp;lt;130/85 mmHg with ordinary sodium levels. Urinary albumin was correlated with the index but not with blood pressure. For these 10 patients, the index in those with albuminuria was higher than in those with normoalbuminuria. In such patients with albuminuria, sodium restriction decreased albuminuria and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS— In type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria but normal levels of serum creatinine, sodium sensitivity of blood pressure appears before hypertension and is related to albuminuria; sodium restriction is one treatment for diabetic nephropathy, even without hypertension.
Local Activation or Implantation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells Rescues Scarred Infarcted Myocardium Improving Cardiac Function
Authors: Marcello Rota, M. Elena Padin-Iruegas, Yu Misao, Antonella De Angelis, Silvia Maestroni, João Ferreira-Martins, Emanuela Fiumana, Raffaella Rastaldo, Michael L. Arcarese, Thomas S. Mitchell, Alessandro Boni, Roberto Bolli, Konrad Urbanek, Toru Hosoda, Piero Anversa, Annarosa Leri, Jan Kajstura
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Ischemic heart disease is characterized chronically by a healed infarct, foci of myocardial scarring, cavitary dilation, and impaired ventricular performance. These alterations can only be reversed by replacement of scarred tissue with functionally competent myocardium. We tested whether cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) implanted in proximity of healed infarcts or resident CPCs stimulated locally by hepatocyte growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 invade the scarred myocardium and generate myocytes and coronary vessels improving the hemodynamics of the infarcted heart. Hepatocyte growth factor is a powerful chemoattractant of CPCs, and insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes their proliferation and survival. Injection of CPCs or growth factors led to the replacement of ≈42% of the scar with newly formed myocardium, attenuated ventricular dilation and prevented the chronic decline in function of the infarcted heart. Cardiac repair was mediated by the ability of CPCs to synthesize matrix metalloproteinases that degraded collagen proteins, forming tunnels within the fibrotic tissue during their migration across the scarred myocardium. New myocytes had a 2 n karyotype and possessed 2 sex chromosomes, excluding cell fusion. Clinically, CPCs represent an ideal candidate cell for cardiac repair in patients with chronic heart failure. CPCs may be isolated from myocardial biopsies and, following their expansion in vitro, administered back to the same patients avoiding the adverse effects associated with the use of nonautologous cells. Alternatively, growth factors may be delivered locally to stimulate resident CPCs and promote myocardial regeneration. These forms of treatments could be repeated over time to reduce progressively tissue scarring and expand the working myocardium.
Government claims measures to cut MRSA and C difficile rates will help reduce other infections
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2009)

NHS leaders have told MPs that the success in reducing well known infections that are acquired in hospital will lead to a reduction in other infections. The parliamentary public accounts committee quizzed witnesses this week as part of its inquiry into the National Audit Office report on reducing healthcare associated infections in hospitals, which was published earlier this month.

The MPs asked what next for these infections after concerns in the report that other infections would become a greater problem than meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile .

The committee chairman, Edward Leigh, Conservative MP for Gainsborough, congratulated the NHS chief executive, David Nicholson, on the …
The Value of Meteorological Instruments in the Selection of Health Resorts
Authors: C. T. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1892)

stantial alteration in modes of perception, and in any case by overmastering ideas, and the patient is only the plaything of her own whims, desires, impulses, and imaginations.Thus it may happen that the most important duties are neglected, the holiest feelings outraged."Similar evidence may be found in the monographs of Legrand der Saulle, Forani, Wilks, and Maudsley.In this connection it will be remembered that the offence is in many ways inexplicable.Miss Elliott had ample command of funds, having lodged £600 not long before in her future husband's hands, in order not to be under temptation to lavish expenditure, and had lent £300 without interest and without fixing a time for repay- ment to a near relative.A sudden outbreak of motiveless perversity and loss of moral sense in a neurotic and hystero--epileptic patient, who it will be observed was actually under ,treatment about the time of her offence, is a phenomenon -which may well be connected with her state of health.Under these circumstances many will be disposed to take a .muchmore lenient view of the facts which the trial disclosed than would otherwise be the case.The evidence falls short of legal irresponsibility, and we do not advance that plea.But there is a borderland of insanity which, although beyond 'the :judicial purview, has a real, a painful, and sad existence.The life-history here disclosed brings this into view, and it may fairly be asked that such mitigating considerati'ons as may be based upon the chain of pathological facts in Mrs.
Fatal vidarabine toxicity in a patient with normal renal function
Authors: L. Van Etta
Journal: JAMA (1981)

PATIENTS experiencing disseminated varicella-zoster infection may have significant morbidity in the form of pain, extreme fevers (temperature ≥40 °C), rigors, anorexia, malaise, and, rarely, pneumonia, hepatitis, and encephalitis.<sup>1</sup>Initially, vidarabine sodium phosphate showed promising results in disseminated herpes zoster with a very low incidence of clinical toxicity.<sup>2</sup>More recently, however, several authors have reported cases of possible neurological toxicity. This toxicity was manifested by tremors, dysarthria, confusion, coma, or a combination.<sup>3-5</sup>Death occurred in several patients.<sup>6</sup>Except for one patient with evidence of renal insufficiency, symptoms developed during administration of the drug. We have recently observed a patient with disseminated varicella-zoster infection in whom severe, ultimately fatal, CNS symptoms developed 48 hours after completion of an initial three-day course of vidarabine. We report the details of this case of apparent vidarabine CNS toxicity that occurred in the presence of normal renal function in a patient with
Joint position sense and rehabilitation in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee.
Authors: N D Carter, T R Jenkinson, D Wilson, D W Jones, A S Torode
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

Impaired joint position sense (JPS) has been shown in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient and osteoarthritic knees. The relation between JPS and function is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine further if ACL deficient knees show abnormal JPS and the effect of exercise therapy on JPS, and also to assess the relation between JPS, functional stability, and strength.Fifty patients (46 men and four women, mean age 26.3 years) with unilateral ACL deficient knees were assessed on admission and after rehabilitation (5 hours a day for four weeks). JPS was assessed by reproduction of passive positioning using a visual analogue incorporating a goniometer. Knee stability was analysed by self report questionnaire (score 0-280) and functional activity test (single leg hop and figure of eight run). Isokinetic dynamometry was performed to evaluate quadriceps and hamstring peak torque strength. Controls were either age and sex matched individuals or the contralateral knee. Statistical analysis was by Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman rank order correlation coefficient.JPS was impaired in ACL deficient knees. The mean (SD) errors in reproducing angles were 9.4 (3.1) degrees and 7.1 (2.3) degrees for the ACL deficient knee and control knee respectively (P < 0.0005). There was no improvement in JPS after rehabilitation (9.4 (3.1) degrees and 8.5 (3.2) degrees before and after rehabilitation respectively, P = 0.14). There was improvement as ascertained from the questionnaire (on admission 202 (32.1), after rehabilitation 243 (25.4), P < 0.0001) and functional activity testing (hop: on admission 148.7 (37.3) cm, after rehabilitation 169.8 (31.1) cm, P < 0.0005; figure of eight: on admission 48.4 (16.6) seconds, after rehabilitation 41.6 (3.4) seconds, P < 0.0001). Quadriceps strength improved (peak torque on admission 198.5 (58.9) Nm, after rehabilitation 210.5 (54.2) Nm, P < 0.05), but not hamstring strength (peak torque on admission 130.6 (28.1) Nm, after rehabilitation 135.5 (27.7) Nm, P = 0.24). JPS did not correlate with the functional activity tests (hop and figure of eight run), the responses to the questionnaire, or strength. There was no correlation between the responses to the questionnaire and functional activity tests or muscle strength.JPS was impaired in ACL deficient knees. Although knee stability improved with exercise therapy, there was no improvement in JPS. The role of JPS in the stability of ACL deficient knees remains unclear.
Low Resting Heart Rate as an Unequivocal Risk Factor for Both the Perpetration of and Exposure to Violence
Authors: Adrian Raine
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

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