tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach: a prospective pilot study of surgery plus chemotherapy in early and advanced disease.
Authors: W P Sheridan, G Medley, G N Brodie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

A prospective pilot study of 23 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the stomach was undertaken to assess the efficacy of surgical resection followed by chemotherapy with adjuvant cyclical cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone (CVP) in early stage disease, and cyclical cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, and doxorubicin (CHOP) in advanced disease. One of 18 evaluable patients died postoperatively; 17 of 18 completed therapy and are alive and disease-free at a median follow-up of 41 months after surgery (range, 5 to 111 months), including four patients with stage IV disease who remain in complete remission 19 to 47 months after surgery. There was one postoperative death, giving an actuarial survival rate of 94% in the study group. Three of five inoperable patients were treated with CHOP, with two achieving complete remission. Two untreated patients died. Overall actuarial disease-free survival was 82.6%. Surgical resection plus chemotherapy is capable of producing long-term remission and cure in both localized and advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach. Intensive supportive care plus chemotherapy may salvage a proportion of patients with inoperable tumors.
The Role of the CD28 Receptor During T Cell Responses to Antigen
Authors: P S Linsley, J A Ledbetter
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1993)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Effects and Mechanisms of Polypeptide Neurotoxins that Act Presynaptically
Authors: B D Howard, C B Gundersen
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1980)

This review discusses several polypeptide neurotoxins that act on nerve terminals to alter the storage and release of neurotransmitters. Table 1 lists some of these toxins and gives their potencies and molecular weights. The references given in Table 1 are other pertinent review articles, which should be consulted for descriptions of early studies of the toxins and for details of the clinical course of human patients affected by these toxins. In our discussion we exclude toxins that block propagation of nerve impulses, toxins that primarily act postsynaptically, and toxins whose pharmacology and biochemistry are insufficiently characterized to review.
Metabolic phenotyping of human blood plasma: a powerful tool to discriminate between cancer types?
Authors: E. Louis, P. Adriaensens, W. Guedens, K. Vanhove, K. Vandeurzen, K. Darquennes, J. Vansteenkiste, C. Dooms, E. de Jonge, M. Thomeer, L. Mesotten
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
General practitioners would expect to see aplasia roughly once each century
Authors: J. Cox, E. M Roderick
Journal: BMJ (1995)

blood dyscrasias, including 12 of aplastic anaemia, possibly related to topical administration of chloramphenicol have been registered at the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects in the United States.2The duration of treatment ranged from 18 to 1460 days (median 120 days).Doona and Walsh affirm that framycetin and fusidic acid are equally effective.These agents do not cover the wide range of bacterial pathogens implicated in eye infections, and when used alone they promote rapid emergence of resistance.Fusidic acid is an antistaphylococcal agent, and
Chronic Bacteremia and Nephritis
Authors: Y Kim, A F Michael
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1978)

The occurrence of glomerulonephritis has been recognized in a variety of systemic infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae and protozoa. Evidence accumulated in recent years suggests that most, if not all, of these glomerulonephritides are caused by the glomerular deposition of circulating immune complexes as a result of the host's immune response to bacterial antigens. Although host factors are not entirely understood, the immune respon­ siveness of the host (which determines the amount, type, and class of the specific antibody, and which in lower animals is genetically determined) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of these nephritides. A number of bacterial agents have been implicated in the development of glomerulonephritis in human beings (Table 1). This review includes a discussion of glomerulonephritis associated with bacterial endocarditis, ventriculoatrial shunt infections, and syphilis.
Shared Genetic Signals of Hypoxia Adaptation in<i>Drosophila</i>and in High-Altitude Human Populations
Authors: Aashish R. Jha, Dan Zhou, Christopher D. Brown, Martin Kreitman, Gabriel G. Haddad, Kevin P. White
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

The ability to withstand low oxygen (hypoxia tolerance) is a polygenic and mechanistically conserved trait that has important implications for both human health and evolution. However, little is known about the diversity of genetic mechanisms involved in hypoxia adaptation in evolving populations. We used experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing in Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the role of natural variation in adaptation to hypoxia. Using a generalized linear mixed model we identified significant allele frequency differences between three independently evolved hypoxia-tolerant populations and normoxic control populations for approximately 3,800 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Around 50% of these variants are clustered in 66 distinct genomic regions. These regions contain genes that are differentially expressed between hypoxia-tolerant and normoxic populations and several of the differentially expressed genes are associated with metabolic processes. Additional genes associated with respiratory and open tracheal system development also show evidence of directional selection. RNAi-mediated knockdown of several candidate genes' expression significantly enhanced survival in severe hypoxia. Using genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism data from four high-altitude human populations—Sherpas, Tibetans, Ethiopians, and Andeans, we found that several human orthologs of the genes under selection in flies are also likely under positive selection in all four high-altitude human populations. Thus, our results indicate that selection for hypoxia tolerance can act on standing genetic variation in similar genes and pathways present in organisms diverged by hundreds of millions of years.
Chaperone patterns in vernal keratoconjunctivitis are distinctive of cell and Hsp type and are modified by inflammatory stimuli
Authors: A. Leonardi, E. Tarricone, S. Corrao, M. Alaibac, A. J. Corso, B. Zavan, P. Venier, E. Conway de Macario, A. J. L. Macario, A. Di Stefano, F. Cappello, P. Brun
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe ocular allergy with pathogenic mechanism poorly understood and no efficacious treatment. The aims of the study were to determine quantities and distribution of Hsp chaperones in the conjunctiva of VKC patients and assess their levels in conjunctival epithelial and fibroblast cultures exposed to inflammatory stimuli.Hsp10, Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, Hsp105, and Hsp110 were determined in conjunctiva biopsies from nine patients and nine healthy age-matched normal subjects, using immunomorphology and qPCR. Conjunctival epithelial cells and fibroblasts were cultured and stimulated with IL-1β, histamine, IL-4, TNF-α, or UV-B irradiation, and changes in Hsp levels were determined by Western blotting.Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp90 levels increased in the patients' conjunctiva, whereas Hsp10, Hsp60, Hsp100, and Hsp105 did not. Double immunofluorescence demonstrated colocalization of Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp90 with CD68 and tryptase. Testing of cultured conjunctival cells revealed an increase in the levels of Hsp27 in fibroblasts stimulated with IL-4; Hsp40 in epithelial cells stimulated with IL-4 and TNF-α and in fibroblasts stimulated with IL-4, TNF-α, and IL-1β; Hsp70 in epithelial cells stimulated with histamine and IL-4; and Hsp90 in fibroblasts stimulated with IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-4. UV-B did not induce changes.VKC conjunctiva displays distinctive quantitative patterns of Hsps as compared with healthy controls. Cultured conjunctival cells respond to cytokines and inflammatory stimuli with changes in the Hsps quantitative patterns. The data suggest that interaction between the chaperoning and the immune systems drives disease progression.
Tumor-promoting phorbol esters stimulate C3b and C3b' receptor-mediated phagocytosis in cultured human monocytes.
Authors: S D Wright, S C Silverstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Monocytes were isolated in high yield (approximately 80%) and purity (greater than 90%) by Percoll gradient centrifugation and incubated in Teflon culture vessels. Using this culture method, we routinely recovered 80% of the cells originally placed into culture. Studies of the C3b and C3b' receptors of these monocytes showed that the function of both receptors could be dramatically altered by treating the cells with tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Both C3b and C3b' receptors of human monocytes efficiently mediate attachment of erythrocytes coated with the corresponding ligands, but do not promote their ingestion. However, monocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or phorbol didecanoate ingest C3b- and C3b'-coated erythrocytes. Phorbol esters that are inactive as tumor promoters do not stimulate C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis. The ability of monocytes to respond to PMA by activation of C3 receptors is developmentally regulated. Freshly isolated monocytes do not take up C3b- or C3b'-coated erythrocytes in response to PMA, but after 3 d of culture they show strong PMA-stimulated uptake. The stimulatory effect of PMA on monocyte C3b and C3b' receptor function occurs within minutes, is stable for hours, is cycloheximide insensitive, and can be inhibited with colchicine. Several lines of evidence indicates that phagocytosis of C3b or C3b'-coated erythrocytes is specifically mediated by the monocytes' C3b and C3b' receptors. First, erythrocytes attached to monocytes with concanavalin A are not ingested when the monocytes are treated with PMA. Second, monocytes plated on IgG-bearing substrates lose Fc receptor activity on their nonadherent surfaces but retain the capacity to ingest C3b- or C3b'-coated erythrocytes after PMA treatment. Third, PMA-treated monocytes plated on C3b-coated surfaces lose C3b receptor activity on their nonadherent surfaces but retain the capacity to ingest C3b'-coated erythrocytes. Conversely, PMA-treated monocytes plated on C3b'-coated surfaces show reduced C3b' receptors activity on their nonadherent surfaces but retain the capacity to ingest C3b-coated erythrocytes.
Abstract 829: Circulating immune/inflammation markers in Chinese workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde
Authors: Qing Lan, Wei Jie Seow, Luoping Zhang, Roel Vermeulen, Xiaojiang Tang, Wei Hu, Bryan A. Bassig, Zhiying Ji, Meredith S. Shiels, Troy J. Kemp, Min Shen, Chuangyi Qiu, Boris Reiss, Laura Beane Freeman, Aaron Blair, Christopher Kim, Weihong Guo, Cuiju Wen, Laiyu Li, Ligia A. Pinto, Hanlin Huang, Martyn T. Smith, Allan Hildesheim, Nathaniel Rothman
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Formaldehyde has been proposed to be a human myeloid leukemogen. However, the exact mechanism for the basis for this link is still debated. We aimed to evaluate whether circulating immune/inflammation markers were different in workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde. Methods: Using a multiplexed bead-based assay, we measured serum levels of 38 immune/inflammation markers in a cross-sectional study of 43 formaldehyde-exposed and 51 unexposed factory workers in Guangdong, China. Linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders were used to compare marker levels in exposed and unexposed workers. Results: We found significantly lower circulating levels of four markers among exposed factory workers compared to unexposed controls that remained significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons, including thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC;52pg/ml in exposed versus 75pg/ml in controls,P = 0.0015), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL;11.7pg/ml in exposed versus 22.1pg/ml in controls,P = 0.011), C-reactive protein (CRP;797.3ng/ml in exposed versus 3269.1ng/ml in controls,P = 0.013) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (CXCL11;36.2pg/ml in exposed versus 48.4pg/ml in controls,P = 0.017), suggesting immunosuppression among formaldehyde-exposed workers. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with recently emerging understanding that immunosuppression might be associated with myeloid diseases. These findings, if replicated in a larger study, may provide insights into the mechanism by which formaldehyde promotes leukemogenesis. Citation Format: Qing Lan, Wei Jie Seow, Luoping Zhang, Roel Vermeulen, Xiaojiang Tang, Wei Hu, Bryan A. Bassig, Zhiying Ji, Meredith S. Shiels, Troy J. Kemp, Min Shen, Chuangyi Qiu, Boris Reiss, Laura Beane Freeman, Aaron Blair, Christopher Kim, Weihong Guo, Cuiju Wen, Laiyu Li, Ligia A. Pinto, Hanlin Huang, Martyn T. Smith, Allan Hildesheim, Nathaniel Rothman. Circulating immune/inflammation markers in Chinese workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 829. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-829
Combined sonodynamic and antimetabolite therapy for the improved treatment of pancreatic cancer using oxygen loaded microbubbles as a delivery vehicle
Authors: Conor McEwan, Sukanta Kamila, Joshua Owen, Heather Nesbitt, Bridgeen Callan, Mark Borden, Nikolitsa Nomikou, Rifat A. Hamoudi, Mark A. Taylor, Eleanor Stride, Anthony P. McHale, John F. Callan
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Abstract 13897: High-Sensitivity Troponin T Improves Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Patients With Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Raoul Stahrenberg, Frank Edelmann, Joachim Seegers, Mark Weber-Kruger, Meinhard Mende, Dirk Vollmann, Janin Wohlfahrt, Gerd Hasenfuss, Klaus Groschel, Rolf Wachter
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Patients with a cerebral ischemic event are at high risk of recurrent ischemia and other cardiovascular events. Clinical scores are recommended to predict cardiovascular risk in patients...
Will the NHS pay awards help recruitment?
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Objective To determine the ability of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, to allow tapering of inhaled corticosteroids in clinically stable asthmatic patients.Design Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, parallel group study.After a single blind placebo run in period, during which (at most) two inhaled corticosteroids dose decreases occurred, qualifying, clinically stable patients were allocated randomly to receive montelukast (10 mg tablet) or matching placebo once daily at bedtime for up to 12 weeks.Setting 23 academic asthma centres in United States, Canada, and Europe.Participants 226 clinically stable patients with chronic asthma receiving high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (113 randomised to montelukast and 113 to placebo).Interventions Every 2 weeks, the inhaled corticosteroids dose was tapered, maintained, or increased (rescue) based on a standardised clinical score. Main outcome measures Last tolerated dose of inhaled corticosteroids.Results Compared with placebo, montelukast allowed significant (P = 0.046) reduction in the inhaled corticosteroid dose (montelukast 47% v placebo 30%; least square mean difference 17.6%, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 34.8).Fewer patients on montelukast (18 (16%) v 34 (30%) placebo, P = 0.01) required discontinuation because of failed rescue.Conclusions Montelukast reduces the need for inhaled corticosteroids among patients requiring moderate to high doses of corticosteroid to maintain asthma control.
Formation of Topographic Maps
Authors: S B Udin, J W Fawcett
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1988)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Response to Open Peer Commentaries for “Ethical Challenges Within Veterans Administration Healthcare Facilities: Perspectives of Managers, Clinicians, Patients, and Ethics Committee Chairpersons”
Authors: Mary Beth Foglia, Robert A. Pearlman, Melissa Bottrell, Jane K. Altemose, Ellen Fox
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the National Center for Ethics in Health Care, the Veterans Health Administration, or the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Abstract 17654: Late Wall Thickening and Calcification in Patients After Kawasaki Disease Noninvasively Detected by Dual Source Computed Tomography
Authors: Nobuyuki Tsujii, Etsuko Tsuda, Suzu Kanzaki, Jun Ishizuka, Koichirou Nakashima, Kenichi Kurosaki
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Late coronary wall thickening (WT) including coronary calcification indicates an irreversible change of the coronary artery after Kawasaki disease (KD), which can be detected noninvasively by Dual Source Computed Tomography (DSCT). Purpose: We retrospectively investigated the relation between coronary artery lesion (CAL) in the acute KD and late WT detected by DSCT. Methods: Sixty-two pts (47 males and 15 females) who had previously undergone selective coronary angiograms (CAGs) less than 100 days after the onset of KD were studied by DSCT. The age at DSCT ranged from 10 months to 36 years (median, 18 years). The interval from the onset of KD to DSCT ranged from 26 days to 34 years (median, 16 years). DSCT was performed using a SOMATOM® Definition Flash (Siemens). The maximum diameters of segments 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 11 were measured in the initial CAGs (Branches group; BG), and the bifurcation of the left coronary artery was also measured (LCA). WT was diagnosed by two observers. We studied th...
Actions of Heparin Other than Those on Coagulation
Authors: E P Benditt
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1957)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Minnelide effectively eliminates CD133+ side population in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Alice Nomura, Olivia McGinn, Vikas Dudeja, Veena Sangwan, Ashok K. Saluja, Sulagna Banerjee
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease hallmarked by limited patient survival. Resistance to chemotherapy, a major cause of treatment failure in PDAC patients, is often attributed to Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Pancreatic CSCs are a small subset of quiescent cells within a tumor represented by surface markers like CD133. These cells are responsible not only for tumor recurrence, but also poor prognosis based on their "stem-like" characteristics. At present, conventional therapy is directed towards rapidly dividing PDAC cells and thus fails to target the CSC population. MIA PaCa-2, S2-013 and AsPC-1 were treated with 12.5 nM triptolide (12 T cells) for 7 days. The surviving cells were recovered briefly in drug-free growth media and then transferred to Cancer Stem cell Media (CSM). As a control, untreated cells were also transferred to CSM media (CSM). The 12 T and CSM cells were tested for stemness properties using RNA and protein markers. Low numbers of CSM and 12 T cells were implanted subcutaneously in athymic nude mice to study their tumorigenic potential. 12 T and CSM cells were sorted for CD133 expression and assayed for their colony forming ability and sphere forming ability. Invasiveness of 12 T cells, CSM and MIA PaCa-2 were compared using Boyden chamber assays. Treated 12 T cells displayed increased expression of the surface marker CD133 and the drug transporter ABCG2 compared to untreated cells (CSM cells). Both 12 T and CSM cells formed subcutaneous tumors in mice confirming their tumor-initiating properties. When tested for invasion, 12 T cells had increased invasiveness compared to CSM cells. CD133+ cells in both CSM and 12 T showed greater colony and sphere forming ability compared to CD133− cells from each group. Consistent with these data, when injected subcutaneously in mice, CD133− cells from CSM or 12 T did not form any tumors whereas CD133+ cells from both groups showed tumor formation at a very low cell number. Despite pre-exposure to triptolide in 12 T CD133+ cells, treatment of tumors formed by these cells with Minnelide, a triptolide pro-drug, showed significant tumor regression. Our results indicated that triptolide enhanced and enriched the "stemness" in the PDAC cell lines at a low dose of 12.5 nM, but also resulted in the regression of tumors derived from these cells.
Use of Sensitive TSH Assay to Determine Optimal Thyroid Hormone Therapy and Avoid Osteoporosis
Authors: L Wartofsky
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1991)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Urine Injury Biomarkers and Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Recipients of Prevalent Kidney Transplants: The Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation Trial
Authors: Nisha Bansal, Myra A. Carpenter, Daniel E. Weiner, Andrew S. Levey, Marc Pfeffer, John W. Kusek, Jianwen Cai, Lawrence G. Hunsicker, Meyeon Park, Michael Bennett, Kathleen D. Liu, Chi-yuan Hsu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Recipients of kidney transplants (KTR) are at increased risk for cardiovascular events, graft failure, and death. It is unknown whether urine kidney injury biomarkers are associated with poor outcomes among KTRs. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation (FAVORIT) Trial using a case-cohort study design, selecting participants with adjudicated cardiovascular events, graft failure, or death. Urine neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), IL-18, and liver–type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) were measured in spot urine samples and standardized to urine creatinine concentration. We adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, eGFR, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Patients had 291 cardiovascular events, 257 graft failure events, and 359 deaths. Each log increase in urine NGAL/creatinine independently associated with a 24% greater risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06 to 1.45), a 40% greater risk of graft failure (aHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.68), and a 44% greater risk of death (aHR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.65). Urine KIM-1/creatinine and IL-18/creatinine independently associated with greater risk of death (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.61 and aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.49 per log increase, respectively) but not with risk of cardiovascular events or graft failure. Urine L-FABP did not associate with any study outcomes. In conclusion, among prevalent KTRs, higher urine NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18 levels independently and differentially associated with greater risk of adverse outcomes.