tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Double-Blind Controlled Investigation of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Resistant Major Depression
Authors: Colleen Loo, Philip Mitchell, Perminder Sachdev, Benjamin McDarmont, Gordon Parker, Simon Gandevia
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and safety of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating resistant major depression were examined in a double-blind, controlled study. METHOD: Eighteen medication-resistant depressed subjects were randomly assigned to 2 weeks of real or sham rTMS, then permitted up to 4 weeks of real rTMS. Effects on mood, neuropsychological function, EEG, and hearing were assessed. RESULTS: The groups receiving real and sham rTMS improved in mood significantly over the 2-week double-blind period, but there was no significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation did not provide significantly greater improvement than did sham treatment. A 4-week course of rTMS, as administered in this study, was safe.
A long-duration dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor (DSM265) for prevention and treatment of malaria
Authors: Margaret A. Phillips, Julie Lotharius, Kennan Marsh, John White, Anthony Dayan, Karen L. White, Jacqueline W. Njoroge, Farah El Mazouni, Yanbin Lao, Sreekanth Kokkonda, Diana R. Tomchick, Xiaoyi Deng, Trevor Laird, Sangeeta N. Bhatia, Sandra March, Caroline L. Ng, David A. Fidock, Sergio Wittlin, Maria Lafuente-Monasterio, Francisco Javier Gamo Benito, Laura Maria Sanz Alonso, Maria Santos Martinez, Maria Belen Jimenez-Diaz, Santiago Ferrer Bazaga, Iñigo Angulo-Barturen, John N. Haselden, James Louttit, Yi Cui, Arun Sridhar, Anna-Marie Zeeman, Clemens Kocken, Robert Sauerwein, Koen Dechering, Vicky M. Avery, Sandra Duffy, Michael Delves, Robert Sinden, Andrea Ruecker, Kristina S. Wickham, Rosemary Rochford, Janet Gahagen, Lalitha Iyer, Ed Riccio, Jon Mirsalis, Ian Bathhurst, Thomas Rueckle, Xavier Ding, Brice Campo, Didier Leroy, M. John Rogers, Pradipsinh K. Rathod, Jeremy N. Burrows, Susan A. Charman
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

The antimalarial drug DSM265 displays activity against blood and liver stages of Plasmodium falciparum and has a long predicted half-life in humans.
Honorary and ghost authorship in high impact biomedical journals: a cross sectional survey
Authors: J. S. Wislar, A. Flanagin, P. B. Fontanarosa, C. D. DeAngelis
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To assess the prevalence of honorary and ghost authors in six leading general medical journals in 2008 and compare this with the prevalence reported by authors of articles published in 1996.Cross sectional survey using a web based questionnaire.International survey of journal authors.Sample of corresponding authors of 896 research articles, review articles, and editorial/opinion articles published in six general medical journals with high impact factors in 2008: Annals of Internal Medicine, JAMA, Lancet, Nature Medicine, New England Journal of Medicine, and PLoS Medicine.Self reported compliance with International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for all authors on the selected articles.A total of 630/896 (70.3%) corresponding authors responded to the survey. The prevalence of articles with honorary authorship or ghost authorship, or both, was 21.0% (95% CI 18.0% to 24.3%), a decrease from 29.2% reported in 1996 (P = 0.004). Based on 545 responses on honorary authorship, 96 articles (17.6% (95% CI 14.6% to 21.0%)) had honorary authors (range by journal 12.2% to 29.3%), a non-significant change from 1996 (19.3%; P = 0.439). Based on 622 responses on ghost authorship, 49 articles (7.9% (6.0% to 10.3%)) had ghost authors (range by journal 2.1% to 11.0%), a significant decline from 1996 (11.5%; P = 0.023). The prevalence of honorary authorship was 25.0% in original research reports, 15.0% in reviews, and 11.2% in editorials, whereas the prevalence of ghost authorship was 11.9% in research articles, 6.0% in reviews, and 5.3% in editorials.Evidence of honorary and ghost authorship in 21% of articles published in major medical journals in 2008 suggests that increased efforts by scientific journals, individual authors, and academic institutions are essential to promote responsibility, accountability, and transparency in authorship, and to maintain integrity in scientific publication.
Oleoylethanolamide and Human Neural Responses to Food Stimuli in Obesity
Authors: Martin Grosshans, Emanuel Schwarz, Jan Malte Bumb, Carola Schaefer, Cathrin Rohleder, Christian Vollmert, Sabine Vollstädt-Klein, Heike Tost, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Falk Kiefer, F. Markus Leweke
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Obesity has emerged as a leading health threat but its biological basis remains insufficiently known, hampering the search for novel treatments. Here, we study oleoylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that has been clearly implicated in weight regulation in animals. However, its role for weight regulation and obesity in humans is still unclear.To investigate associations between plasma oleoylethanolamide levels and body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and functional magnetic resonance imaging response to food stimuli in obese patients and matched control participants.Case-control study of 21 obese patients and 24 matched control participants. Obesity was defined as having a BMI of at least 30. The mean age of participants was 40.8 years and BMIs ranged from 18.2 to 47.5.Interactions between plasma oleoylethanolamide levels and obesity on BMI and functional magnetic resonance imaging response to food stimuli.Associations between oleoylethanolamide and BMI differed significantly depending on whether individuals were obese or not (P = .02). In obese individuals, oleoylethanolamide showed a trend toward a positive correlation with BMI (P = .06, ρ = 0.42), while this relationship was inverse for nonobese control participants (P = .07, ρ = -0.34). Similarly, we found significant interactions between oleoylethanolamide levels and obesity on food-related brain activation in cortical areas associated with reward processing and interoceptive signaling (P = .009). Specifically, nonobese individuals with higher oleoylethanolamide levels had higher insular brain activity (P < .001, ρ = 0.70); again, the relationship trended to be inverse for obese patients (P = .11, ρ = -0.36). These effects were not associated with plasma levels of leptin and anandamide, suggesting an independent role of oleoylethanolamide in hunger-associated interoceptive signaling. Analysis of food craving during the functional magnetic resonance imaging task suggested that the identified brain areas may be involved in suppressing food-liking reactions in nonobese individuals.This study suggests that oleoylethanolamide-mediated signaling plays an important role for hedonic regulation of food craving and obesity in humans and thus may be a valuable target for developing novel antiobesity drugs.
Anal pressure studies in spinal patients.
Authors: I C Wheatley, K J Hardy, J Dent
Journal: Gut (1977)

Maximal and sphincter pressure was measured in 22 patients with spinal cord lesions and in a group of 10 controls, using perfused sleeve manometry. The mean resting pressure of the spinal patients was 63+/-8 (SEM) mm Hg, and of the control group 116+/-14 (SEM) mm Hg, P less than 0-01. When the rectum was distended by a balloon inflated with 100 ml of air a fall in anal sphincter pressure to 33+/-6 (SEM) mm Hg in the spinal group and to 78+/-10 (SEM) mm Hg in the control group was observed.
miR-193a-3p regulates the multi-drug resistance of bladder cancer by targeting the LOXL4 gene and the Oxidative Stress pathway
Authors: Hui Deng, Lei Lv, Yang Li, Cheng Zhang, Fang Meng, Youguang Pu, Jun Xiao, Liting Qian, Weidong Zhao, Qi Liu, Daming Zhang, Yingwei Wang, Hongyu Zhang, Yinghua He, Jingde Zhu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

Chemoresistance is a major obstacle to the curative cancer chemotherapy and presents one of the most formidable challenges in both research and management of cancer. From the detailed studies of a multi-chemosensitive (5637) versus a chemoresistant (H-bc) bladder cancer cell lines, we showed that miR-193a-3p [GenBank: NR_029710.1] promotes the multi-chemoresistance of bladder cancer cells. We further demonstrated that lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) gene [GenBank: NM_032211.6] is a direct target of miR-193a-3p and executes the former's impact on bladder cancer chemoresistance. The Oxidative Stress pathway activity is drastically affected by a forced reversal of miR-193a-3p or LOXL4 levels in cell and may act at the downstream of LOXL4 gene to relay the miR-193a-3p's impact on the multi-chemoresistance in both cultured cells and the tumor xenografts in nude mice. In addition to a new mechanistic insight, our results provide a set of the essential genes in this newly identified miR-193a-3p/LOXL4/Oxidative Stress axis as the diagnostic targets for a guided anti-bladder cancer chemotherapy.
Perceived discrimination in education and employment by people with Crohn's disease: a case control study of educational achievement and employment.
Authors: M K Mayberry, C Probert, E Srivastava, J Rhodes, J F Mayberry
Journal: Gut (1992)

Eighty three patients in whom the diagnosis of Crohn9s disease had been made before the age of 40 years and who had been resident in the city of Cardiff were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire about their educational and employment experiences. Responses were obtained from 58 patients (response rate = 70%), 23 buddy controls, and 27 community controls. The mean (SD) age of patients at the time of the survey was 31 (5) years. Twenty four of the patients were diagnosed before leaving secondary education, at a mean age of 17 years. They had lost significantly more days9 schooling than controls (chi 2 = 14.3 p less than 0.001) but had achieved similar academic success as measured by examination passes and attendance at tertiary institutes of education. Similar numbers of patients and controls were employed at the time of the survey, although significantly more patients had experienced long term unemployment (z = 2.6 p less than 0.01). As a result of their experiences up to 30% actively concealed their illness from employers.
Randomized Clinical Trial Progress to Inform Care for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Christopher B. Granger, Lance B. Becker
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Approximately 300 000 patients experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest per year in the United States, and less than 10% survive to hospital discharge.1 Regional heterogeneity in outcomes, with a 5-fold greater likelihood of survival following ventricular fibrillation arrest in Seattle, Washington, than in counties in Alabama, has underscored the opportunity to improve care.1 National programs that define best practice around community, emergency medical services (EMS), and hospital strategies to improve care are being implemented2,3 and promise to substantially improve survival. An important element of evidence-based care is therapeutic hypothermia.4,5 In this issue of JAMA, Kim and colleagues6 report findings from an ambitious and successful large randomized clinical trial that provides the first good new evidence in more than 10 years, and the first generated in the United States, regarding hypothermia following cardiac arrest.
Prognostic value of PET-CT after first-line therapy in patients with follicular lymphoma: a pooled analysis of central scan review in three multicentre studies
Authors: Judith Trotman, Stefano Luminari, Sami Boussetta, Annibale Versari, Jehan Dupuis, Christelle Tychyj, Luigi Marcheselli, Alina Berriolo-Riedinger, Antonella Franceschetto, Anne Julian, Fabien Ricard, Luca Guerra, Corinne Haioun, Irene Biasoli, Hervé Tilly, Massimo Federico, Gilles Salles, Michel Meignan
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2014)
Brugada-Type Electrocardiographic Changes Induced by Long-Term Lithium Use
Authors: Douglas Wright, Omid Salehian
Journal: Circulation (2010)

A 49-year-old man presented to the emergency depart- ment with a 3-month history of increasing ataxia, tremors, and slurred speech.He had a history of bipolar disorder that required lithium, carbamazepine, and risperidone therapy for mood modulation.A serum lithium level measurement was performed and was found to be 2.5 mmol/L (therapeutic range 0.8 to 1.2 mmol/L).There was no history of suicidal ideation, recent medication changes, improper medication administration, recent volume depletion, or renal insufficiency.There was no family history consistent with sudden cardiac death.A 12-lead ECG showed normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 64 bpm, with a normal axis, a prolonged corrected QT interval of 479 ms, and a pseudo right bundle-branch block pattern consistent with a type 1 Brugada pattern (Figure 1).The patient was managed conservatively with discontinuation of the lithium, intravenous hydration, and serial lithium level measurements and ECGs.The ECGs showed gradual resolu-Figure 1. Twelve-lead ECG showing Brugada type 1 pattern with corresponding lithium level of 2.7 mmol/L.
Effects of beta-carotene supplementation for six months on clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: S Renner
Journal: Thorax (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have significantly decreased plasma concentrations of nutrient antioxidant vitamins, especially of β-carotene, which is thought to result from fat malabsorption and chronic pulmonary inflammation. The aim of this double blind, placebo controlled study was to investigate the effect of oral β-carotene supplementation for six months on clinical parameters. <h3>METHODS</h3> Twenty four patients with CF were randomised to receive β-carotene 1 mg/kg/day (maximum 50 mg/day) for three months (high dose supplementation) and 10 mg/day for a further three months (low dose supplementation) or placebo. At monthly follow up visits the plasma β-carotene concentration, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and clinical parameters (Shwachmann-Kulczycki score, body mass index (BMI), height, and lung function (FEV<sub>1</sub>)) were assessed. The number of pulmonary exacerbations requiring antibiotic treatment (in days) three months before and during the study were evaluated. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The plasma concentration of β-carotene increased significantly to the normal range during the three months of high dose supplementation (baseline 0.08 (0.04) μmol/l to 0.56 (0.38) μmol/l; p&lt;0.001) but decreased to 0.32 (0.19) μmol/l in the period of low dose supplementation. Initially raised plasma levels of MDA fell to normal levels and the total antioxidant capacity showed a non-significant trend towards improvement during high dose supplementation. Antibiotic treatment decreased significantly in the supplementation group from 14.5 (14.9) days/patient during the three months before the study to 9.8 (10.3) days/patient during high dose supplementation (p=0.0368) and to 10.5 (9.9) days/patient during low dose supplementation, but increased in the placebo group. The Shwachmann-Kulczycki score, lung function, and BMI did not show any changes in either of the treatment groups. No adverse events were observed during the study period. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Oral β-carotene supplementation in a dose of 1 mg/kg/day only was effective in normalising the plasma concentration of β-carotene and resulted in a decrease in pulmonary exacerbations. These data suggest that patients with CF may benefit clinically from supplementation with β-carotene and further studies are warranted.
Tumor Endothelial Markers Define Novel Subsets of Cancer-Specific Circulating Endothelial Cells Associated with Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Reza Mehran, Monique Nilsson, Mehrdad Khajavi, Zhiqiang Du, Tina Cascone, Hua Kang Wu, Andrea Cortes, Li Xu, Amado Zurita, Robert Schier, Bernhard Riedel, Randa El-Zein, John V. Heymach
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) are derived from multiple sources, including bone marrow (circulating endothelial progenitors; CEP), and established vasculature (mature CEC). Although CECs have shown promise as a biomarker for patients with cancer, their utility has been limited, in part, by the lack of specificity for tumor vasculature and the different nonmalignant causes that can impact CEC. Tumor endothelial markers (TEM) are antigens enriched in tumor versus nonmalignant endothelia. We hypothesized that TEMs may be detectable on CEC and that these circulating TEM+ endothelial cells (CTEC) may be a more specific marker for cancer and tumor response than standard CEC. We found that tumor-bearing mice had a relative increase in numbers of circulating CTEC, specifically with increased levels of TEM7 and TEM8 expression. Following treatment with various vascular-targeting agents, we observed a decrease in CTEC that correlated with the reductions in tumor growth. We extended these findings to human clinical samples and observed that CTECs were present in patients with esophageal cancer and non–small cell lung cancer (N = 40), and their levels decreased after surgical resection. These results demonstrate that CTECs are detectable in preclinical cancer models and patients with cancer. Furthermore, they suggest that CTECs offer a novel cancer-associated marker that may be useful as a blood-based surrogate for assessing the presence of tumor vasculature and antiangiogenic drug activity. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2731–41. ©2014 AACR.
Prevalence of exercise induced bronchospasm in Kenyan school children: an urban-rural comparison
Authors: L W Ng'ang'a, J A Odhiambo, M W Mungai, C M Gicheha, P Nderitu, B Maingi, P T Macklem, M R Becklake
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Higher rates of exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB) have been reported for urban than for rural African schoolchildren. The change from a traditional to a westernised lifestyle has been implicated. This study was undertaken to examine the impact of various features of urban living on the prevalence of EIB in Kenyan school children. <h3>METHODS</h3> A total of 1226 children aged 8–17 years attending grade 4 at five randomly selected schools in Nairobi (urban) and five in Muranga district (rural) underwent an exercise challenge test. A respiratory health and home environment questionnaire was also administered to parents/guardians. This report is limited to 1071 children aged ⩽12 years. Prevalence rates of EIB for the two areas were compared and the differences analysed to model the respective contributions of personal characteristics, host and environmental factors implicated in childhood asthma. <h3>RESULTS</h3> A fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) after exercise of ⩾10% occurred in 22.9% of urban children and 13.2% of rural children (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.71). The OR decreased to 1.65 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.47) after accounting for age, sex, and host factors (a family history of asthma and breast feeding for less than six months), and to 1.21 (95% CI 0.69 to 2.11) after further adjustment for environmental factors (parental education, use of biomass fuel and kerosene for cooking, and exposure to motor vehicle fumes). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The EIB rates in this study are higher than any other reported for African children, even using more rigorous criteria for EIB. The study findings support a view which is gaining increasing credence that the increase in prevalence of childhood asthma associated with urbanisation is the consequence of various harmful environmental exposures acting on increasingly susceptible populations.
Significant efficacies of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma by meta-analysis of published literature-based randomized, controlled trials
Authors: P.Y. OuYang, C. Xie, Y.P. Mao, Y. Zhang, X.X. Liang, Z. Su, Q. Liu, F.Y. Xie
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Brentuximab vedotin combined with ABVD or AVD for patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's lymphoma: a phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study
Authors: Anas Younes, Joseph M Connors, Steven I Park, Michelle Fanale, Megan M O'Meara, Naomi N Hunder, Dirk Huebner, Stephen M Ansell
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Interactions between science and art
Authors: J Dibbets
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

In history there are many examples of interaction between science and art, although none of the important persons involved were aware of the similarities in each other's fields. Only in retrospect can we see these similarities very clearly. As an example, let us go back for a minute to the beginning of the 20th century.

Between 1905 and 1914 Picasso developed his vision on Cubism, in 1910 Kandinsky painted the first abstract painting, in 1917 Malevitch completed his suprematist theory, and Mondrian, with a few kindred spirits, founded ‘De Stijl’. All these developments in the arts took place in the period between Einstein's first publication in the ‘Annalen der Physik’ in 1905 and his most important publication in 1916 ‘Die Grundlagen der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie’. In 1918 Wittgenstein completed his ‘Logische Philosophische Abhandlung’, which later became famous under the title ‘Tractates Logico Philosophicus’

These are only a few of the many possible parallels to show that in twelve and a half years time at the beginning of that century a revolution in both art and science took place in which both art and science, in retrospect, reflect each other. Van Gogh, once the unappreciated wild man, the ultimate idiot of the 19th century, is now admired everywhere by everyone, and for the man in the street Picasso's cubism, Mondrian's style, Einstein's E = MC 2, and a lot of Wittgenstein's writing have achieved the status of picture postcards and T-shirts.

Once revolutionary and exclusive, their achievements will irrevocably end as accepted and digested by a society and its collective memory.

Top scientists and really good artists seem to share certain features: a sense of innovation, careful non-prejudiced observation, precision, and a strong and courageous confidence in one's own experience. All of these require a highly sensitive intuition, probably much more …
Molecular Psychology: Roles for the ERK MAP Kinase Cascade in Memory
Authors: J. Paige Adams, J. David Sweatt
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2002)

In this review we describe an emerging understanding of the roles of the Extracellular-signal regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) cascade in learning and memory. We begin by describing several behavioral memory paradigms and review data implicating ERK as an essential component of the signal transduction mechanisms subserving these processes. We then describe evidence implicating ERK as a critical player in synaptic and neuronal plasticity-a cellular role likely to underlie ERK's behavioral role in the animal. We then proceed to parsing the complexities of biochemical regulation of ERK in neurons and to a description of a few likely cellular targets of ERK. This is in order to begin discussing the possible molecular basis of ERK-mediated behavioral change. We close our review with speculations concerning how the complexities and idiosyncrasies of ERK regulation may allow for sophisticated information processing at the biochemical level in neurons-attributes that may make the ERK cascade well-suited for triggering complex and long-lasting behavioral change. Our goal in this review is not so much to portray ERK as unique regarding its role as a signal transducter in memory, but rather to use ERK as one specific example of recent studies beginning to address the molecules and signal transduction pathways subserving cognition.