tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induction of tumoricidal function in CD4+ T cells is associated with concomitant memory and terminally differentiated phenotype
Authors: Daniel Hirschhorn-Cymerman, Sadna Budhu, Shigehisa Kitano, Cailian Liu, Feng Zhao, Hong Zhong, Alexander M. Lesokhin, Francesca Avogadri-Connors, Jianda Yuan, Yanyun Li, Alan N. Houghton, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D. Wolchok
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Harnessing the adaptive immune response to treat malignancy is now a clinical reality. Several strategies are used to treat melanoma; however, very few result in a complete response. CD4+ T cells are important and potent mediators of anti-tumor immunity and adoptive transfer of specific CD4+ T cells can promote tumor regression in mice and patients. OX40, a costimulatory molecule expressed primarily on activated CD4+ T cells, promotes and enhances anti-tumor immunity with limited success on large tumors in mice. We show that OX40 engagement, in the context of chemotherapy-induced lymphopenia, induces a novel CD4+ T cell population characterized by the expression of the master regulator eomesodermin that leads to both terminal differentiation and central memory phenotype, with concomitant secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. This subpopulation of CD4+ T cells eradicates very advanced melanomas in mice, and an analogous population of human tumor-specific CD4+ T cells can kill melanoma in an in vitro system. The potency of the therapy extends to support a bystander killing effect of antigen loss variants. Our results show that these uniquely programmed effector CD4+ T cells have a distinctive phenotype with increased tumoricidal capability and support the use of immune modulation in reprogramming the phenotype of CD4+ T cells.
Legume, Soy, Tofu, and Isoflavone Intake and Endometrial Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: N. J. Ollberding, U. Lim, L. R. Wilkens, V. W. Setiawan, Y. B. Shvetsov, B. E. Henderson, L. N. Kolonel, M. T. Goodman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

BackgroundPhytochemicals found in soy and other legumes have been speculated to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer; however, inconsistent findings have been reported in the few epidemiological studies conducted to date.
Funktionelle Rontgendiagnostik der Halswirbelsaule
Authors: D. Preiskel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1954)

it is Swiss in origin (from the University of Basel) and won the Jubilee Prize of the Swiss Radio- logical Association in 1952.It is a comprehensive radiological study of the cervical spine in health and in degenerative disease and trauma; films depict the spine at "rest" and in flexion, extension, rotation, and sideflexion.The movement of each vertebra (measured in degrees from the vertical plane) has been calculated in healthy young adults, and this gives a quantitative
Perceptions of stroke in the general public and patients with stroke: a qualitative study
Authors: S. S. Yoon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To gain insight into people's thoughts on stroke and to inform the development of educational strategies in the community.Focus group discussions: two groups of people who had a stroke and their carers, and two groups of members of the general public.New South Wales, Australia.35 people participated: 11 from the general public, 14 people who had had a stroke, and 10 carers or partners.Views on risk factors, symptoms, treatment, information resources, and prevention.All groups reported similar knowledge of risk factors. People generally mentioned stress, diet, high blood pressure, age, and smoking as causes of stroke. Participants in the community group gave little attention to symptoms. Some participants who had had a stroke did not initially identify their experience as stroke because the symptoms were not the same as those they had read about. There were mixed feelings about the extent of involvement in management decisions during hospital admission. Some felt sufficiently involved, some wanted to be more involved, and others felt incapable of being actively involved.Symptoms of stroke are not easy to recognise because they vary so much. Presentation of information about stroke by hospital and community health services should be improved. Simple and understandable educational materials should be developed and their effectiveness monitored.
Protective human hybridoma antibody to tetanus toxin.
Authors: F Gigliotti, R A Insel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Postimmunization human B lymphocytes and mouse myeloma cells were fused to produce interspecies hybridomas secreting human antibody of predefined specificity with an initial frequency comparable to intraspecies fusion. After 13 mo in culture, one clone continued to secrete high titers of human IgG antitetanus toxin antibody. This antibody binds to the B fragment of tetanus toxin and protects mice against tetanus. The demonstration of in vivo protection with a human monoclonal antibody is an important first step towards the ultimate goal of human administration of monoclonal antibodies for the prevention and therapy of human infections.
Chitinase 3–like-1 Regulates Both Visceral Fat Accumulation and Asthma-like Th2 Inflammation
Authors: Farida Ahangari, Akshay Sood, Bing Ma, Seyedtaghi Takyar, Mark Schuyler, Clifford Qualls, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Geoffrey L. Chupp, Chun G. Lee, Jack A. Elias
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Obesity, especially truncal obesity, is a risk factor for asthma incidence, prevalence, and severity. Chitinase 3–like-1 (Chi3l1) is an evolutionarily conserved moiety that plays a critical role in antipathogen and Th2 responses. However, the mechanisms that underlie the association between asthma and obesity and the role(s) of Chi3l1 in fat accumulation have not been defined.Objectives: To determine whether Chi3l1 is regulated by a high-fat diet (HFD) and simultaneously plays an important role(s) in the pathogenesis of asthma and obesity.Methods: We evaluated the regulation of Chi3l1 by an HFD and Th2 inflammation. We also used genetically modified mice to define the roles of Chi3l1 in white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation and Th2 inflammation and blockers of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) to define its roles in these responses. Finally, the human relevance of these findings was assessed with a case–controlstudy involving obese and lean control subjects and those with asthma.Measurements and Main Results: These studies demonstrate that an HFD and aeroallergen challenge augment the expression of WAT and pulmonary Chi3l1. Chi3l1 also played a critical role in WAT accumulation and lung Th2 inflammation. In addition, Chi3l1 inhibited Sirt1 expression, and the deficient visceral fat and Th2 responses in Chi3l1 null mice were reversed by Sirt1 inhibition. Finally, serum and sputum Chi3l1 were positively associated with truncal adiposity, and serum Chi3l1 was associated with persistent asthma and low lung function in obese subjects with asthma.Conclusions: Chi3l1 is induced by an HFD and Th2 inflammation, and simultaneously contributes to the genesis of obesity and asthma.
STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF THE THYMUS IN IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Authors: Agustin P. Dalmasso, Carlos Martinez, Kenneth Sjodin, Robert A. Good
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The immunologic competence of spleen cells of mice, as assessed by their graft versus host capabilities, increases to 35 days of age and beyond. Thymectomy at any point along this continuum of development produces "immunologic arrest;" the peripheral lymphoid tissues of such mice do not show significant increases in activity as the animals mature, nor is there appreciable loss of activity up to 6 months after surgery. Adult spleen cells from mice thymectomized at 1 to 24 hours of age have a greatly reduced ability to induce runt disease. Five million spleen cells from immunologically mature animals will uniformly cause fatal runt disease in neonatal recipients, but this same number of cells from neonatally thymectomized animals produces almost no runt disease. When the dosage of cells from neonatally thymectomized C57Bl mice is increased to 20 million, about half of the A recipients develop runt disease. Thus, the defect is a quantitative one. Spleen cells from neonatally thymectomized mice will induce tolerance of skin grafts from the donor strain. In one recalcitrant strain combination, C57Bl to A, use of spleen cells from neonatally thymectomized donors as the tolerance-inducing inoculum permits survival of the recipients, which usually die with severe runt disease, but does not induce tolerance. Cell free extracts of spleen and thymus tissue, including "promine" of Szent-Gyorgyi et al., did not affect the runting syndrome or the immunologic reactivity of neonatally thymectomized mice. When syngeneic thymic tissue is grafted into neonatally thymectomized mice, or the animals are given viable syngeneic spleen or thymus cells, the majority of the animals escape the early mortality characteristic of this group. Administration of syngeneic spleen cells from adult donors and grafting of syngeneic neonatal thymus provide restoration of homograft immunity and graft versus host reactivity of the peripheral lymphoid tissues in most of the neonatally thymectomized animals. Thymus cells rarely provide significant restoration of these parameters. Allogeneic thymus grafts also restore neonatally thymectomized mice. Such animals are chimeric: the immunologically competent cells of their peripheral lymphoid tissues are chiefly of host origin as determined by the discriminant spleen assay, but in many instances a significant donor component is also demonstrable in this system. These chimeric animals accept skin grafts from both donor and host strains. A degree of reconstitution has also been attained by grafting of allogeneic adult spleen in neonatally thymectomized animals. The discriminant spleen assay indicates that cells of the donor strain predominate in the peripheral lymphoid tissues of such mice.
Consistent breakage between consensus recombinase heptamers of chromosome 9 DNA in a recurrent chromosomal translocation of human T cell leukemia.
Authors: B Tycko, T C Reynolds, S D Smith, J Sklar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Chromosomal translocations in lymphoid tumors frequently result from recombination between a normally rearranging antigen receptor gene and a normally non-rearranging second locus. The possibility that the lymphocyte recombinase apparatus plays a role in determining the position of breakage at the second locus has been a matter of controversy because of the inconsistent presence of heptamer-like recognition sequences adjoining breakpoints at this site. To further investigate this issue, sites of DNA recombination were analyzed in both the der(9) and der(7) products of t(7;9)(q34;q32), a recurrent translocation of human acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL). In each of three separate cases, the translocation has divided the TCR-beta locus, juxtaposing chromosome 9 DNA 5' to a J-region in the der(9) product and 3' to a D-region in the der(7) product, with variably sized N-insertions and small deletions detectable at the junctions. All three cases contain breakpoints in chromosome 9 DNA tightly clustered between two closely spaced, and oppositely oriented heptamer sequences, CAC(A/T)GTG, which perfectly match the consensus heptamer sequence recognized by the lymphocyte recombinase apparatus in normal antigen receptor gene rearrangement. In no case was there evidence of directly duplicated sequences in the two reciprocal products, as is often associated with recombination involving random staggered breakage of DNA. Taken together, these results support a mechanism for this particular translocation proceeding by recombinase-mediated breakage of both participating chromosomes.
Immune response-associated production of neopterin. Release from macrophages primarily under control of interferon-gamma.
Authors: C Huber, J R Batchelor, D Fuchs, A Hausen, A Lang, D Niederwieser, G Reibnegger, P Swetly, J Troppmair, H Wachter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Neopterin, a compound derived from GTP, represents a precursor molecule of biopterin that is an essential cofactor in neurotransmitter synthesis. We have recently reported that in vivo as well as in vitro immune responses are accompanied by an increased release of neopterin and that this phenomenon can be used for the biochemical monitoring of diseases accompanied by hyperimmune stimulation. This article deals with the cellular origin and the control of this immune response-associated neopterin release in vitro. Using highly purified or monoclonal cellular reagents we demonstrate that macrophages (M phi) stimulated with supernatants from activated T cells release large amounts of neopterin into culture supernatants. Further experiments involving induction of neopterin release from M phi with various human recombinant interferons (IFNs) or neutralization of the effect of T cell supernatants with various monoclonal anti-IFN antibodies revealed immune IFN as the active principle. It thus appears that a metabolic pathway so far exclusively known in context with the generation of an essential cofactor of neurotransmitter-synthesis during immune responses is also activated in M phi under stringent control by immune IFN-like lymphokines.
Prognostic Immune Markers in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Response
Authors: Kei Suzuki, Prasad S. Adusumilli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

We appreciate Dr. Pandey's comments. However, as noted in Supplementary Fig. S1 of our review article focused on prognostic immune markers ([1][1]), the inclusion criteria were clinical studies published after 2000 that included at least 25 lung cancer patients with recurrence or survival as
ASIT-mammary fold prize winner: Cytokeratin-19 (CK19) negative breast cancers and One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA): much ado about nothing?
Authors: Dionysios-Dennis Remoundos, Meera Joshi, Farid Ahmed, Yoon Chia, Giles Cunnick
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Possible Role of Ovarian Epithelial Inflammation in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: R B Ness, C Cottreau
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

Ovarian cancer is a commonly fatal disease for which prevention strategies have been limited, in part because of a lack of understanding of the underlying biology. This paper reviews the epidemiologic literature in the English language on risk factors and protective factors for ovarian cancer and proposes a novel hypothesis that a common mechanism underlying this disease is inflammation. Previous hypotheses about the causes of ovarian cancer have attributed risk to an excess number of lifetime ovulations or to elevations in steroid hormones. Inflammation may underlie ovulatory events because an inflammatory reaction is induced during the process of ovulation. Additional risk factors for ovarian cancer, including asbestos and talc exposure, endometriosis (i.e., ectopic implantation of uterine lining tissue), and pelvic inflammatory disease, cannot be directly linked to ovulation or to hormones but do cause local pelvic inflammation. On the other hand, tubal ligation and hysterectomy act as protective factors, perhaps by diminishing the likelihood that the ovarian epithelium will be exposed to environmental initiators of inflammation. Inflammation entails cell damage, oxidative stress, and elevations of cytokines and prostaglandins, all of which may be mutagenic. The possibility that inflammation is a pathophysiologic contributor to the development of ovarian cancer suggests a directed approach to future research
Prevalence, characterisation and clinical profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in The Netherlands
Authors: Y.T.H.P. van Duynhoven, I.H.M. Friesema, T. Schuurman, A. Roovers, A.A. van Zwet, L.J.M. Sabbe, W.K. van der Zwaluw, D.W. Notermans, B. Mulder, E.J. van Hannen, F.G.C. Heilmann, A. Buiting, R. Jansen, A.M.D. Kooistra-Smid
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
Regulation of smooth muscle cell scavenger receptor expression in vivo by atherogenic diets and in vitro by cytokines.
Authors: H Li, M W Freeman, P Libby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Scavenger receptor (ScR)-mediated uptake of modified lipoproteins may contribute to the transformation of smooth muscle cells into lipid-laden foam cells during atherogenesis. This study examined the in vivo expression of ScRs in aortas, with or without balloon injury, taken from hypercholesterolemic or normocholesterolemic rabbits. Numerous intimal cells in the rabbit aortic lesions expressed ScRs as detected by immunocytochemical staining with a goat anti-rabbit ScR antibody. Single immunostaining for cell identification markers in serial sections, as well as double staining, confirmed the expression of ScRs by both intimal smooth muscle cells and macrophages. To explore potential inducers of ScR expression by smooth muscle cells in vivo, we studied the regulation of ScR expression in vitro by cytokines known to be present in atherosclerotic lesions. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) increased ScR mRNA levels, protein expression, and AcLDL degradative activity in cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. The induction of ScR expression in intimal smooth muscle cells in vivo could be a useful marker of smooth muscle cell activation during atherogenesis and may contribute to foam cell formation by this cell type following balloon injury and/or hypercholesterolemia. Cytokines, such as TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma, may stimulate some of the phenotypic changes that characterize the alteration in gene expression of intimal smooth muscle cells in rabbit atherosclerotic lesions.
CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS AND COMPLETE CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION: PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATION OF LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERY
Authors: Renato Valenti, Ruben Vergara, Angela Migliorini, Nazario Carrabba, Guido Parodi, Giampaolo Cerisano, Piergiovanni Buonamici, David Antoniucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Notifications of measles
Authors: L L Lighton, L Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (1994)

as Jenkdns and Wingate commented on.Twelve of the children were concerned by change in the affected parent's mental sate or personality; nine expressed uncertainties and fears about the future and fears of getting the disease themselves; eight complained of a limited social life and limited communication in the family; six complained of constant nagging and trivial talk; six said that they could not turn to their affected parent for advice or decisions; and four complained that the affected parent had no idea of their feelings.Our results highlight how even minor or subtle disabilities in a parent can cause children considerable anxiety.While the impact of disability on partners or adult carers is well recognised, the impact on different generations is neglected3 and worthy of further discussion.The complexities of meeting the varied needs of those suffering from multiple sclerosis is being increasingly recognised,4 although the needs of children and young people still fail to be addressed.Meeting the practical needs is straightforward through care attendant schemes.5We still have great difficulties in meeting emotional needs.We wish to emphasise the emotional impact of a disabled parent on his or her children.This is particularly important with regard to cognitive impairments or if the parent is deteriorating (however subtly) from emotional, intellectual, or physical impairments.
A Skin Homing Molecule Defines the Langerhans Cell Progenitor in Human Peripheral Blood
Authors: Dirk Strunk, Claudia Egger, Gerda Leitner, Daniel Hanau, Georg Stingl
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

We have recently described a system for the generation of dendritic cells (DC) and Langerhans cells (LC) from defined CD34+ precursors purified from peripheral blood of healthy adult volunteers (1). This study has now been extended by the characterization of two distinct subpopulations of CD34+ cells in normal human peripheral blood as defined by the expression of the skin homing receptor cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA). CD34+/CLA+ cells from normal peripheral blood were found to be CD71LOW/CD11a+/CD11b+/CD49d+/ CD45RA+ whereas CD34+/CLA− cells displayed the CD71+/CD11aLOW/CD11bLOW/CD49d(+)/ CD45RALOW phenotype. To determine the differentiation pathways of these two cell populations, CD34+ cells were sorted into CLA+ and CLA− fractions, stimulated with GM-CSF and TNF-α in vitro, and then were cultured for 10 to 18 d. Similar to unfractionated CD34+ cells, the progeny of both cell populations contained sizable numbers (12–22%) of dendritically shaped, CD1a+/HLA-DR+++ cells. In addition to differences in their motility, the two dendritic cell populations generated differed from each other by the expression of LC-specific structures. Only the precursors expressing the skin homing receptor were found to differentiate into LC as evidenced by the presence of Birbeck granules. In contrast, CLA− precursor cells generated a CD1a+ DC population devoid of Birbeck granule–containing LC. Provided that comparable mechanisms as found in this study are also operative in vivo, we postulate that the topographic organization of the DC system is already determined, at least in part, at the progenitor level.
Diets high in animal fats increase risk of breast cancer, while painkillers lower risk, studies say
Authors: J. Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A diet that is rich in animal fats from red meat and high fat dairy products increases the risk of breast cancer, say studies from the United States and the United Kingdom. Meanwhile, a third study says that regular, long term use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduces the risk of breast cancer.

The first study, from the United States, showed that the rate of breast cancer among premenopausal women who ate the diet that was highest in animal (but not vegetable) fats was a third higher than that in women who ate the diet that was lowest in animal fats ( Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2003; 95: 1079-85). Few studies have focused on premenopausal women.

The study looked at 90 655 premenopaual women from the nurses health study II, a new study involving registered nurses aged between 26 and 46 years.

The corresponding author, Dr Eunyoung Cho, an epidemiologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, and an instructor in medicine at Harvard Medical School, said, “Diet during early adulthood may have a different impact than later exposure.”

The participants completed two questionnaires on how often they ate particular foods—one at the beginning of the study in …