tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review on emergency medical response against terrorist attack
Authors: De-wen Wang, Yao Liu, Ming-min Jiang
Journal: Military Medical Research (2014)

Terrorism is a global issue and a constant international threat. As a result, anti-terrorism and emergency response strategies are tasks of critical importance that have a direct impact on the national security of every country in the world. This paper reviews new characteristics of international anti-terrorism measures and offers an in-depth reflection on emergency medical response countermeasures; additionally, this paper presents the goals of related research, which include: 1) to present a model of a highly efficient medical response command; 2) to introduce the pre-planning phases of the emergency medical response; 3) to establish a response system capable of handling various types of terror attacks; 4) to promote anti-terrorism awareness to the general public and emphasize its prevention; and 5) to continue basic investigations into emergency medical responses for various types of terrorist attacks (for example, the classifications and characteristics of new injuries, pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of the resultant stress disorders, improved high-efficiency medical response measures and equipment, etc.).
Pedometer counts superior to physical activity scale for identifying health markers in older adults
Authors: B Ewald, M McEvoy, J Attia
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Objective Measuring physical activity is a key part of studying its health effects. Questionnaires and pedometers each have weaknesses but are the cheapest and easiest to use measurement methods for large-scale studies. We examined their capacity to detect expected associations between physical activity and a range of surrogate health measures. Design Cross-sectional analysis of 669 community-dwelling participants (mean age 63.3 (7.7) years) who completed the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire and who, within 2 weeks, wore a pedometer for 7 days. Results PASE score and step count were only poorly correlated (r = 0.37 in women, r = 0.30 in men). Of 12 expected associations examined between activity and surrogate markers of health, 10 were detected as statistically significant by step counts but only 3 by PASE scores. Significant associations in the expected direction were found between step counts and high-density lipoprotein, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, blood glucose level, white cell count and fibrinogen. There was no association with either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The association between PASE score and these markers was detected as significant only for body mass index and waist circumference in women and waist-to-hip ratio in both sexes. Associations were stronger for steps multiplied by stride length than for raw step count. Conclusions Pedometer-derived step counts are a more valid measurement of overall physical activity in this sample than PASE score. Researchers should use objective measures of physical activity whenever possible.
Coronary Artery Catheterization in the Intact Dog
Authors: JAMES W. WEST, TACHIO KOBAYASHI, SANTIAGO V. GUZMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

A technic is described for selective catheterization of individual coronary arterial branches in intact dogs by means of special catheters which permit intracoronary injections of pharmacologic agents or radio-opaque materials. All the main coronary arteries (right, left anterior descending, left circumflex) have been successfully catheterized and injected, both alone and in combination.
SUMOylation of Grb2 enhances the ERK activity by increasing its binding with Sos1
Authors: Yingying Qu, Qin Chen, Xueping Lai, Changhong Zhu, Cheng Chen, Xian Zhao, Rong Deng, Ming Xu, Haihua Yuan, Yanli Wang, Jianxiu Yu, Jian Huang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

Grb2 (Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) is a key adaptor protein in maintaining the ERK activity via linking Sos1 (Son of sevenless homolog 1) or other proteins to activated RTKs, such as EGFR. Currently, little knowledge is available concerning the post-translational modification (PTM) of Grb2 except for its phosphorylation. Since emerging evidences have highlighted the importance of SUMOylation (Small ubiquitin-related modifier), a reversible PTM, in modulating protein functions, we wondered if Grb2 could be SUMOylated and thereby influences its functions especially involved in the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway. SUMOylation of Grb2 was analyzed with the in vivo SUMOylation assay using the Ni2+-NTA affinity pulldown and the in vitro E.coli-based SUMOylation assay. To test the ERK activity and cell transformation, the murine fibroblast cell line NIH/3T3 and the murine colon cancer cell line CMT-93 were used for the experiments including Grb2 knockdown, ectopic re-expression, cell transformation and migration. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was employed for seeking proteins that interact with SUMO modified Grb2. Xenograft tumor model in mice was conducted to verify that Grb2 SUMOylation regulated tumorigenesis in vivo. Grb2 can be SUMOylated by SUMO1 at lysine 56 (K56), which is located in the linker region between the N-terminal SH3 domain and the SH2 domain. Knockdown of Grb2 reduced the ERK activity and suppressed cell motility and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, which were all rescued by stable ectopic re-expression of wild-type Grb2 but not the mutant Grb2K56R. Furthermore, Grb2 SUMOylation at K56 increased the formation of Grb2-Sos1 complex, which sequentially leads to the activation of Ras/MEK/MAPK pathway. Our results provide evidences that Grb2 is SUMOylated in vivo and this modification enhances ERK activities via increasing the formation of Grb2-Sos1 complex, and may consequently promote cell motility, transformation and tumorigenesis.
De novo anti-HLA immunization after lung transplantation: Immunological monitoring and clinical signification
Authors: Jérémie Reeb, Pierre-Emmanuel Falcoz, Anne Parissiadis, Anne Olland, Nicola Santelmo, Daniel Hanau, Romain Kessler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Development of de novo (DN) anti-HLA antibodies (Abs) leads to chronic graft dysfunction and lower survival in most solid organ transplant but still stays elusive in lung transplantation (LTx). This study assesses the influence of DN anti-HLA immunization on occurrence and severity of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), and survival after LTx.  Methods: Retrospective study including 66 LTx patients. We determined 3 groups: patients with DN anti-HLA donor specific Abs (DSA) (group 1, n=17), patients with DN anti-HLA non-donor specific (NDS) Abs (group 2, n=7), and non-anti-HLA immunized patients (group 3, n=42). After immunological analysis, we compared FEV1 monitoring curves, survival with and without BOS (Kaplan-Meier, log rank), and incidences of acute cellular rejection (ACR), lower respiratory infection (LRI) and bronchial stenosis (BS) (Fischer9s Test, Chi-2, ANOVA).  Results: Anti-HLA DSA and NDS Ab were diagnosed 25 (5-156) and 36 (13-50) days after LTx and were detected during 136 (7-462) and 76 (1-458) days respectively. Mean and maximum Abs rates increased in group 1 compared to group 2 ( p  p  = 0,03). Mean delays between LTx and BOS diagnosis in group 1 and group 3 were 12 (2-22) and 19 (6-30) months respectively. BOS incidences (BOS 0p and BOS 1) increased in group 1 compared to group 3 ( p    Conclusion: DN anti-HLA immunization is related to early onset of FEV1 decline. DN anti-HLA DSA lead to humoral rejection.
Leak compensation in positive pressure ventilators: a lung model study
Authors: S. Mehta, F.D. McCool, N.S. Hill
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Leak compensating abilities of six different positive pressure ventilators commonly used to deliver noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, including the bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) S/T-D and Quantum (Respironics Inc, Murrysville, PA, USA), 335 and O'NYX (Mallinckrodt Inc, St Louis, MO, USA), PLV 102 (Respironics), and Siemens Servo 900C (Siemens Inc, Danvers, MA, USA). Using a test lung model, compensatory capabilities of the ventilators were tested for smaller and larger leaks using the assist/control or timed modes. Back-up rate was 20·min −1 , inspiratory pressure was 18 cmH 2 O, and expiratory pressure was 5 cmH 2 O. It was found that even in the absence of air leaking, delivered tidal volume differed substantially between the ventilators during use of pressure-targeted modes, depending on inspiratory flows, inaccuracies in set versus delivered pressures, and inspiratory duration. Also during pressure-targeted ventilation, increasing the t I / t tot up to, but not beyond, 0.5 improved compensation by lengthening inspiratory duration, whereas use of a sensitive flow trigger setting tended to cause autocycling during leaking, interfering with compensation. Leaking interfered with cycling of the BiPAP S/T, inverting the I:E ratio, shortening expiratory time, and reducing delivered tidal volume. Volume-targeted modes achieved limited compensation for small air leaks, but compensated poorly for large leaks. To conclude, leak-compensating capabilities differ markedly between ventilators but pressure-targeted ventilators are preferred for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with substantial air leaking. Adequate inspiratory flows and durations should be used, triggering sensitivity should be adjusted to prevent autocycling, and a mechanism should be available to limit inspiratory time and avoid I:E ratio inversion.
Use of Positron Emission Tomography for Response Assessment of Lymphoma: Consensus of the Imaging Subcommittee of International Harmonization Project in Lymphoma
Authors: Malik E. Juweid, Sigrid Stroobants, Otto S. Hoekstra, Felix M. Mottaghy, Markus Dietlein, Ali Guermazi, Gregory A. Wiseman, Lale Kostakoglu, Klemens Scheidhauer, Andreas Buck, Ralph Naumann, Karoline Spaepen, Rodney J. Hicks, Wolfgang A. Weber, Sven N. Reske, Markus Schwaiger, Lawrence H. Schwartz, Josee M. Zijlstra, Barry A. Siegel, Bruce D. Cheson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

To develop guidelines for performing and interpreting positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for treatment assessment in patients with lymphoma both in clinical practice and in clinical trials.An International Harmonization Project (IHP) was convened to discuss standardization of clinical trial parameters in lymphoma. An imaging subcommittee developed consensus recommendations based on published PET literature and the collective expertise of its members in the use of PET in lymphoma. Only recommendations subsequently endorsed by all IHP subcommittees were adopted.PET after completion of therapy should be performed at least 3 weeks, and preferably at 6 to 8 weeks, after chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy, and 8 to 12 weeks after radiation or chemoradiotherapy. Visual assessment alone is adequate for interpreting PET findings as positive or negative when assessing response after completion of therapy. Mediastinal blood pool activity is recommended as the reference background activity to define PET positivity for a residual mass > or = 2 cm in greatest transverse diameter, regardless of its location. A smaller residual mass or a normal sized lymph node (ie, < or = 1 x 1 cm in diameter) should be considered positive if its activity is above that of the surrounding background. Specific criteria for defining PET positivity in the liver, spleen, lung, and bone marrow are also proposed. Use of attenuation-corrected PET is strongly encouraged. Use of PET for treatment monitoring during a course of therapy should only be done in a clinical trial or as part of a prospective registry.
Salmeterol and Fluticasone Propionate and Survival in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Peter M.A. Calverley, Julie A. Anderson, Bartolome Celli, Gary T. Ferguson, Christine Jenkins, Paul W. Jones, Julie C. Yates, Jørgen Vestbo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Long-acting beta-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids are used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their effect on survival is unknown.We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial comparing salmeterol at a dose of 50 microg plus fluticasone propionate at a dose of 500 microg twice daily (combination regimen), administered with a single inhaler, with placebo, salmeterol alone, or fluticasone propionate alone for a period of 3 years. The primary outcome was death from any cause for the comparison between the combination regimen and placebo; the frequency of exacerbations, health status, and spirometric values were also assessed.Of 6112 patients in the efficacy population, 875 died within 3 years after the start of the study treatment. All-cause mortality rates were 12.6% in the combination-therapy group, 15.2% in the placebo group, 13.5% in the salmeterol group, and 16.0% in the fluticasone group. The hazard ratio for death in the combination-therapy group, as compared with the placebo group, was 0.825 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.681 to 1.002; P=0.052, adjusted for the interim analyses), corresponding to a difference of 2.6 percentage points or a reduction in the risk of death of 17.5%. The mortality rate for salmeterol alone or fluticasone propionate alone did not differ significantly from that for placebo. As compared with placebo, the combination regimen reduced the annual rate of exacerbations from 1.13 to 0.85 and improved health status and spirometric values (P<0.001 for all comparisons with placebo). There was no difference in the incidence of ocular or bone side effects. The probability of having pneumonia reported as an adverse event was higher among patients receiving medications containing fluticasone propionate (19.6% in the combination-therapy group and 18.3% in the fluticasone group) than in the placebo group (12.3%, P<0.001 for comparisons between these treatments and placebo).The reduction in death from all causes among patients with COPD in the combination-therapy group did not reach the predetermined level of statistical significance. There were significant benefits in all other outcomes among these patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00268216 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Scavenger receptors and non-coding RNAs: relevance in atherogenesis
Authors: Yao Dai, Gianluigi Condorelli, Jawahar L. Mehta
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Scavenger receptors (SRs), which recognize modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by oxidation or acetylation, are a group of receptors on plasma membrane of macrophages and other cell types. These receptors by facilitating modified LDL uptake are a primary step in the intracellular accumulation of modified LDL and formation of fatty streak. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of functional RNA nucleotides that are not translated into protein, and include microRNAs (miRs), snoRNAs, siRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, piRNAs, and the long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). Recently, ncRNAs have received much attention due to their effects in a variety of disease states such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancers. A host of ncRNAs, such as miRs and lncRNAs, have been found to be involved in the regulation of SRs and the inflammatory cascade and subsequently atherosclerosis. Here, we review this important area to create interest in this growing field among researchers and clinicians alike.
Vitamin K intake and status are low in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Ellen C.M. Cranenburg, Leon J. Schurgers, Herma H. Uiterwijk, Joline W.J. Beulens, Gerdien W. Dalmeijer, Ralf Westerhuis, Elke J. Magdeleyns, Marjolein Herfs, Cees Vermeer, Gozewijn D. Laverman
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
TRANSMISSION OF FOWL-POX BY MOSQUITOES
Authors: I. J. Kligler, R. S. Muckenfuss, T. M. Rivers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

Culex and Aëdes mosquitoes are capable of transmitting fowl-pox from diseased to healthy susceptible chickens. The mosquitoes remain infectious for at least 14 days following a meal on diseased fowls.
Phase I Clinical and Pharmacologic Trial of Intravenous Estramustine Phosphate
Authors: G. Hudes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To determine the dose-limiting toxicities, maximum-tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous estramustine phosphate (IV EMP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 31 patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer received IV EMP as a 30- to 90-minute infusion weekly (n = 28) or for 3 consecutive days followed by a single weekly dose (n = 3). IV EMP dose was escalated from 500 to 3,000 mg/m2. Pharmacokinetics of EMP and the metabolites estramustine (EaM), estromustine (EoM), estradiol, and estrone were assessed after weeks 1 and 4 of treatment. RESULTS: The initial IV EMP infusion caused perineal discomfort that was ameliorated by lengthening the infusion time. Other common toxicities were grade 1 to 2 hepatotoxicity, nausea or vomiting, and fatigue or malaise. Lower-extremity thrombosis occurred in one patient, and two others developed upper-extremity thrombosis associated with venous infusion catheters. Dose-limiting fatigue and hypotension occurred at 3,000 mg/m2, and cumulative fatigue developed after multiple cycles at 2,500 mg/m2. Mean EMP clearance, estimated steady-state volume of distribution, and elimination half-life were 3.7 L/h, 10.6 L, and 3.7 hours, respectively. Variability of EMP clearance was 21%, and variation in area under the curve per dose for the metabolites was 28% to 36%. Elimination half-lives of EoM and EaM were 110 hours and 64 hours, and peak plasma concentrations of these active metabolites exceeded 10 μmol/L after IV EMP doses ≥ 2,000 mg/m2. CONCLUSION: High-dose IV EMP can be administered safely as a weekly short infusion to patients with HRPC. High peak concentrations of active metabolites after IV EMP may provide an advantage over oral EMP in antimicrotubule drug combinations.
Rheumatic manifestations of brucellosis.
Authors: T.S Bocanegra, E Gotuzzo, O Castañeda, G.S Alarcón, L.R Espinoza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Rheumatic manifestations of brucellosis SIR, We read with interest the article by Norton on the rheumatic manifestations of brucellosis.'We reported our experience with 304 patients infected with Brucella melitensis in 1982.2Recently we have completed a prospec- tive evaluation of 194 additional patients.Of these 498 patients, 180 (36%) presented with arthritis.In contrast to Norton's findings, sacoiliitis and peripheral arthritis were the most common forms of joint involvement, accounting for 90% of all the arthritis cases.Spondylitis was seen in only 18 patients (10%).As reported by others3 4 these patients were predominantly middle aged and older males with chronic brucellosis.The discrepancy can be explained by the different age distribution of the populations studied.Only one of the 55 patients reported by Norton was younger than 15, while in our group 354 patients (71%) were younger than 35 and 125 (25%) younger than 15.We agree with Norton in that immune abnormalities occur in human brucellosis, particularly during periods of active disease.Low titres of antinuclear antibodies were present in 25% and rheumatoid factor in 37-5% of a group of patients evaluated by US.5 Circulating immune complexes were detected by the Raji cell assay in 91.5%.As in other infectious diseases6 7 infectious and reactive arthritis occur in human brucellosis.In our series, using a selective culture medium for brucella,8 one third of the patients had sterile synovial fluids fulfilling the definition of reactive arthritis.9Furthermore, the arthritis was non-destructive and resolved spontaneously in most of these patients, an event not commonly seen in infectious arthritis.'0Interestingly, in one of the patients described by Norton the arthritis resolved after an intra-articular injection of corticosteroids.'The immune abnormalities described above strongly suggest that an immune mechanism plays a part in the arthritis of these patients.
An Industry-Wide Study of Respiratory Cancer in Chemical Workers Exposed to Chloromethyl Ethers&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K W Collingwood, B S Pasternack, R E Shore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

An industry-wide retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted on 6,152 chemical workers (2,460 exposed and 3,692 nonexposed) engaged in chloromethyl ether manufacture at 7 major U.S. companies between 1948 and 1980. A previous study at 6 companies from 1948 through 1972 reported excess respiratory cancer (RC) mortality and significant exposure-response relationships in exposed workers at 1 company (company 2). The present study, which extended follow-up of an additional 7 years for companies 1-6 and included company 7 for follow-up from 1953 through 1980, found excess RC mortality in exposed workers at company 2 [observed (Obs) = 32, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 430] and company 7 (Obs = 9, SMR = 603). External comparisons of RC mortality at both companies showed significant exposure-response relationships with respect to cumulative time-weighted exposure. At company 2, where the greatest number of RC deaths occurred, external comparisons showed that RC risk remained constant in relation to age at first exposure and decreased with increasing time since last exposure. With the use of Mantel-Haenszel and relative risk (RR) regression methods, internal comparisons at company 2 demonstrated significant findings of increasing RR with cumulative duration of exposure and cumulative time-weighted exposure and with decreasing time since last exposure. No association was found between RR and age at first exposure. An interesting finding was a significant negative interaction between cumulative time-weighted exposure and age at risk. The best-fitting logistic regression model for the exposed group predicted RR at 2.79 (95% confidence interval = 1.66-4.69) for workers with the mean cumulative exposure score of the 32 RC deaths (lagged by 6 yr) compared with those with negligible exposure (assuming mean age at risk of the RC deaths, 51 years old, and time since last exposure held constant). Qualitative assessment of the results suggests that chloromethyl ether exposure affects both an early as well as a late stage of a putative multistage respiratory malignant process.
IQGAP1 suppresses TβRII-mediated myofibroblastic activation and metastatic growth in liver
Authors: Chunsheng Liu, Daniel D. Billadeau, Haitham Abdelhakim, Edward Leof, Kozo Kaibuchi, Carmelo Bernabeu, George S. Bloom, Liu Yang, Lisa Boardman, Vijay H. Shah, Ningling Kang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

In the tumor microenvironment, TGF-β induces transdifferentiation of quiescent pericytes and related stromal cells into myofibroblasts that promote tumor growth and metastasis. The mechanisms governing myofibroblastic activation remain poorly understood, and its role in the tumor microenvironment has not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) binds to TGF-β receptor II (TβRII) and suppresses TβRII-mediated signaling in pericytes to prevent myofibroblastic differentiation in the tumor microenvironment. We found that TGF-β1 recruited IQGAP1 to TβRII in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the resident liver pericytes. Iqgap1 knockdown inhibited the targeting of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) to the plasma membrane and TβRII ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, Iqgap1 knockdown stabilized TβRII and potentiated TGF-β1 transdifferentiation of pericytes into myofibroblasts in vitro. Iqgap1 deficiency in HSCs promoted myofibroblast activation, tumor implantation, and metastatic growth in mice via upregulation of paracrine signaling molecules. Additionally, we found that IQGAP1 expression was downregulated in myofibroblasts associated with human colorectal liver metastases. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that IQGAP1 in the tumor microenvironment suppresses TβRII and TGF-β dependent myofibroblastic differentiation to constrain tumor growth.