tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Beck depression inventory-II: Determination and comparison of its diagnostic accuracy in asthmatic outpatients
Authors: Grégory Moullec, Plourde Annik, Simon L. Bacon, Suarthana Eva, Kim L. Lavoie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objectives:  The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is widely used to assess severity of depressive symptoms and screen for major depressive disorder (MDD) in asthmatic patients. No studies have yet determined its performance accuracy while adjusting for potential confounders. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of covariates on performance accuracy of the BDI-II, and determine the optimal cut-off score for the BDI-II in asthmatic patients. Differences of optimal cut-off scores were also verified across covariate subgroups.   Methods:  A sample of 668 adult asthmatic outpatients completed the BDI-II and the PRIME-MD – a psychiatric interview used as the reference standard for determining diagnosis of MDD. A method by Janes and Pepe was used to adjust the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of the BDI-II for sex, level of education, smoking status, obesity, age, anxiety disorder, and psychotropic medication. The ROC analyses were conducted to determine optimal cut-off scores.   Results:  From the total sample, 84(13%) patients met criteria for MDD according to the PRIME-MD. After adjusted for covariates, the area under the ROC curve was significantly smaller than the unadjusted curve [0.88(95%CI, 0.83 to 0.93) vs 0.92(0.89 to 0.95); ΔAUC = –.04(–.06 to –.01)]. While the optimal cut-off score was 13 for the total sample (sens=86%, specif=84%), the analyses indicated different cut-off scores across covariate subgroups, e.g., sex (women,14; men,13), smoking status (current,16; never/ever,13) and obesity (yes,14; no,12).   Conclusion:  The present study suggests that covariates can affect the classification accuracy of the BDI-II’s original recommended cut-off score.
<i>Barracks</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Positron Emission Tomography in Gliomas
Authors: K. Mineura, T. Sasajima, M. Kowada, F. Shishido, K. Uemura
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1991)

We tested clinical significance of positron emission tomography (PET) in gliomas. Oxygen metabolism of gliomas considerably fell regardless of tumor grade. Glucose metabolism increased with malignancy and predicted the survival.
The Neural Crossroads of Psychiatric Illness: An Emerging Target for Brain Stimulation
Authors: Jonathan Downar, Daniel M. Blumberger, Zafiris J. Daskalakis
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2015)

Recent meta-analyses of structural and functional neuroimaging studies are converging on a collective core of brain regions affected across most psychiatric disorders, centered on the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula. These nodes correspond well to an anterior cingulo-insular (aCIN) or 'salience' network, and stand at a crossroads within the functional architecture of the brain, acting as a switch to deploy other major functional networks according to motivational demands and environmental constraints. Therefore, disruption of these 'linchpin' areas may be disproportionately disabling, even when other networks remain intact. These regions may represent promising targets for a new generation of anatomically directed brain stimulation treatments. Here, we review the potential of the psychiatric core areas as targets for therapeutic brain stimulation in psychiatric disease.
The prevalence of asthma symptoms in middle aged Australian adults
Authors: Michael J. Abramson, Michael Valente, Minh Thi Hong Le, Su-Wei Khung, Geza Benke, Shyamali Dharmage, Bruce Thompson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: ISAAC and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) have shown that the prevalence of asthma in children and young adults is higher in Australia than many other Western countries.  Aim: To describe changes in respiratory symptom prevalence in adults as they age.  Methods: We followed up a cohort of young adults from South Eastern Melbourne initially recruited for ECRHS in 1992. A validated postal questionnaire was sent to 726 surviving participants. After 1 month, non-respondents were sent a second survey. The survey is still on going.  Results: Of the first 166 questionnaires received to date, 73 (44%) were from males and the mean (SD) age was 55 (5.7) years. The prevalences (95%CI) of respiratory symptoms and diseases are:  Conclusions: The prevalences of respiratory symptoms and asthma are broadly consistent with previous surveys of this age group. Incidence will be estimated when non-respondents are traced and the response rate improves.  Funding: NHMRC of Australia.
Endothelin-1 Pathway Polymorphisms and Outcomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Raymond L. Benza, Mardi Gomberg-Maitland, Teresa Demarco, Adaani E. Frost, Adam Torbicki, David Langleben, Tomas Pulido, Priscilla Correa-Jaque, Michael J. Passineau, Howard W. Wiener, Mayumi Tamari, Tomomitsu Hirota, Michiaki Kubo, Hemant K. Tiwari
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive fatal disease. Variable response and tolerability to PAH therapeutics suggests that genetic differences may influence outcomes. The endothelin pathway is central to pulmonary vascular function, and several polymorphisms and/or mutations in the genes coding for endothelin (ET)-1 and its receptors correlate with the clinical manifestations of other diseases.To examine the interaction of ET-1 pathway polymorphisms and treatment responses of patients with PAH treated with ET receptor antagonists (ERAs).A total of 1,198 patients with PAH were prospectively enrolled from 45 U.S. and Canadian pulmonary hypertension centers or retrospectively from global sites participating in the STRIDE (Sitaxsentan To Relieve Impaired Exercise) trials. Comprehensive objective measures including a 6-minute-walk test, Borg dyspnea score, functional class, and laboratory studies were completed at baseline, before the initiation of ERAs, and repeated serially. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms from ET-1 pathway candidate genes were selected from a completed genome-wide association study performed on the study cohort.Patient efficacy outcomes were analyzed for a relationship between ET-1 pathway polymorphisms and clinical efficacy using predefined, composite positive and negative outcome measures in 715 European descent samples. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs11157866) in the G-protein alpha and gamma subunits gene was significantly associated, accounting for multiple testing, with a combined improvement in functional class and 6-minute-walk distance at 12 and 18 months and marginally significant at 24 months.ET-1 pathway associated polymorphisms may influence the clinical efficacy of ERA therapy for PAH. Further prospective studies are needed.
Immunology and pathophysiology
Authors: K Martin, G Messerl, B Mauthe, S Rimischl, P Kindl, M Classen, K Deusch
Journal: Gut (1993)

Associations with genes encoded within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been intensively studied in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, both have been typed for alleles of human leukocyte antigens and associations have been found for the HLA-B and HLA-DR loci; Thus far, the pathophysiological role of these observations cannot be explained.Interestingly, the tumor necrosis factor genes were-mapped in between.Elevated TNF-a-and TNF-B levels could be measured and seem to be critical factors in the chronic inflammatory process of these two diseases.In this study, so far 23 patients with Crohn's disease and 11 patients suffering from ulcerative colitis were analyzed.We performed isolation of genomic DNA from PBMC of all patients and randomized healthy individuals, followed by amplification of part of the TNF-B and TNF-a genes by PCR.Recently, two nucleic acid exchanges were characterized within the first intron of the gene encoding TNF-8, resulting in variant alleles and a variant TNF-B response.After amplification of this region and using the restriction endonuclease Ncol, the alleles (TNFB*1 and TNFB*2) can be detected.By additional restriction with the enzyme AspHI, recognizing a sequence downstream of the Ncol site, within the first intron, further polymorphism of TNFB was found.Five of 23 patients with Crohn's disease (21,7%) presented the less frequent allele TNFB*1 homozygously.A decreasing association was found for homozygous patients of the allele TNFB*2 (39,1%), when compared to the controls (45.2%).The allele frequency for TNFB*1 is markedly increased in the patients with Crohn's disease 0.41 (controls 0.33 ).Furthermore, in the 3' untranslated region of the TNF-B gene an EcoRI RFLP was described.Currently, a nucleic acid exchange within the promoter region of TNFA with a high association to the HLA-haplotype -Al, -B8, -DR3, -
A polysomnographic and clinical report on sleep-related injury in 100 adult patients
Authors: C H Schenck, D M Milner, T D Hurwitz, S R Bundlie, M W Mahowald
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

In 100 consecutive adults who came to a sleep disorders center complaining of repeated nocturnal injury, polysomnographic study identified five disorders: night terrors/sleepwalking (N = 54), REM sleep behavior disorder (N = 36), dissociative disorders (N = 7), nocturnal seizures (N = 2), and sleep apnea (N = 1). Ninety-five patients sustained ecchymoses, 30 had lacerations, and nine had fractures. DSM-III axis I disorders (past or current) were found in 48.1% of the group with night terrors/sleepwalking and in 30.6% of the group with REM sleep behavior disorder; these were mainly affective disorders. In these two groups, clonazepam controlled the symptoms of 51 of the 61 patients to whom it was given.
UV-Associated Mutations Underlie the Etiology of MCV-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Stephen Q. Wong, Kelly Waldeck, Ismael A. Vergara, Jan Schröder, Jason Madore, James S. Wilmott, Andrew J. Colebatch, Ricardo De Paoli-Iseppi, Jason Li, Richard Lupat, Timothy Semple, Gisela Mir Arnau, Andrew Fellowes, J. Helen Leonard, George Hruby, Graham J. Mann, John F. Thompson, Carleen Cullinane, Meredith Johnston, Mark Shackleton, Shahneen Sandhu, David D.L. Bowtell, Ricky W. Johnstone, Stephen B. Fox, Grant A. McArthur, Anthony T. Papenfuss, Richard A. Scolyer, Anthony J. Gill, Rodney J. Hicks, Richard W. Tothill
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon, but highly malignant, cutaneous tumor. Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCV) has been implicated in a majority of MCC tumors; however, viral-negative tumors have been reported to be more prevalent in some geographic regions subject to high sun exposure. While the impact of MCV and viral T-antigens on MCC development has been extensively investigated, little is known about the etiology of viral-negative tumors. We performed targeted capture and massively parallel DNA sequencing of 619 cancer genes to compare the gene mutations and copy number alterations in MCV-positive (n = 13) and -negative (n = 21) MCC tumors and cell lines. We found that MCV-positive tumors displayed very low mutation rates, but MCV-negative tumors exhibited a high mutation burden associated with a UV-induced DNA damage signature. All viral-negative tumors harbored mutations in RB1, TP53, and a high frequency of mutations in NOTCH1 and FAT1. Additional mutated or amplified cancer genes of potential clinical importance included PI3K (PIK3CA, AKT1, PIK3CG) and MAPK (HRAS, NF1) pathway members and the receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR2. Furthermore, looking ahead to potential therapeutic strategies encompassing immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-L1, we also assessed the status of T-cell–infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and PD-L1 in MCC tumors. A subset of viral-negative tumors exhibited high TILs and PD-L1 expression, corresponding with the higher mutation load within these cancers. Taken together, this study provides new insights into the underlying biology of viral-negative MCC and paves the road for further investigation into new treatment opportunities. Cancer Res; 75(24); 5228–34. ©2015 AACR.
Identification and characterization of greater mood variance in depression
Authors: D P Hall, H C Sing, A J Romanoski
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

The authors sought to assess the quantity and quality of mood variation in depressed persons.Using a visual analogue scale, they compared variation of mood in a group of patients (N = 9) with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of depressive disorder and in a group of nondepressed subjects (N = 9) over 12 consecutive hours. To quantify mood variation for each subject, the authors computed the standard deviation of each subject's 13 mood ratings on the visual analogue scale. To characterize the quality of mood variation within each subject, they plotted each subject's mood ratings as a function of time and applied complex demodulation to confirm cyclical patterns of mood variability (ultradian cycles).The depressed group demonstrated greater mood score variability over the course of the day. Both groups demonstrated ultradian cycles and circadian trends; however, the depressed group demonstrated ultradian cycles of significantly greater amplitude than the nondepressed group.Repeated assessments of mood at different times of the day may be necessary to obtain an accurate impression of a patient's mood state. Further, the mechanism of depressive disorders may include a deregulation of a normal oscillatory mood variation pattern.
Risk stratification of pulmonary embolism: clinical evaluation, biomarkers or both?
Authors: Guy Meyer, Benjamin Planquette, Olivier Sanchez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

A predicting rule based on copeptin may be better than ESC criteria for risk stratification of pulmonary embolism <http://ow.ly/T4APZ> The concept of risk-stratification is one of the cornerstones of the recent guidelines on pulmonary embolism (PE), which were issued by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Respiratory Society [1]. According to these guidelines, patients with PE are divided in three groups with increasing risk of death or adverse outcome following a three-step process that is based on clinical data, assessment of anatomical right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography or spiral computed tomography (CT), and of myocardial injury by dosage of cardiac biomarkers [1]. The first step is based on the measurement of blood pressure to determine whether cardiogenic shock is present, or not. For the vast majority of patients with acute PE who present with normal blood pressure, the second step consists of a simple clinical evaluation, summarised in the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) or its simplified version (sPESI) [2, 3]. These scores are able to select low-risk patients, defined as PESI class I or II or sPESI=0 who have a mortality risk <3% at 1 month. Cohort studies and one randomised clinical trial have confirmed that low-risk patients can safely be treated at home [4, 5]. Implementing PESI enables the identification of ∼45% of patients with acute PE as low-risk patients and reduces the length of hospitalisation without significantly increasing the risk of death, recurrent PE or major bleeding [4, 6]. Patients with normal blood pressure, but higher values of PESI or sPESI, have a mortality risk of ∼5–7% and should be treated at hospital according to ESC guidelines [1, 7, 8]. The goal of further risk stratification is to select the patients with the highest risk of an adverse event among those with normal blood pressure. This can be done by the combination of cardiac biomarkers dosing and/or the search for right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) by echocardiography or spiral CT. Several cohort studies strongly suggest that clinical variables, RVD and biomarkers have independent and complementary prognostic values in normotensive patients with acute PE [8–10].
Contamination of the cold water distribution system of health care facilities by Legionella pneumophila: Do we know the true dimension?
Authors: M Arvand, K Jungkind, A Hack
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

German water guidelines do not recommend routine assessment of cold water for Legionella in healthcare facilities, except if the water temperature at distal sites exceeds 25°C. This study evaluates Legionella contamination in cold and warm water supplies of healthcare facilities in Hesse, Germany, and analyses the relationship between cold water temperature and Legionella contamination. Samples were collected from four facilities, with cases of healthcare-associated Legionnaires' disease or notable contamination of their water supply. Fifty-nine samples were from central lines and 625 from distal sites, comprising 316 cold and 309 warm water samples. Legionella was isolated from central lines in two facilities and from distal sites in four facilities. 17% of all central and 32% of all distal samples were contaminated. At distal sites, cold water samples were more frequently contaminated with Legionella (40% vs 23%, p <0.001) and with higher concentrations of Legionella (≥1,000 colony-forming unit/100 ml) (16% vs 6%, p<0.001) than warm water samples. There was no clear correlation between the cold water temperature at sampling time and the contamination rate. 35% of cold water samples under 20 °C at collection were contaminated. Our data highlight the importance of assessing the cold water supply of healthcare facilities for Legionella in the context of an intensified analysis.
Management of latent<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries
Authors: Haileyesus Getahun, Alberto Matteelli, Ibrahim Abubakar, Mohamed Abdel Aziz, Annabel Baddeley, Draurio Barreira, Saskia Den Boon, Susana Marta Borroto Gutierrez, Judith Bruchfeld, Erlina Burhan, Solange Cavalcante, Rolando Cedillos, Richard Chaisson, Cynthia Bin-Eng Chee, Lucy Chesire, Elizabeth Corbett, Masoud Dara, Justin Denholm, Gerard de Vries, Dennis Falzon, Nathan Ford, Margaret Gale-Rowe, Chris Gilpin, Enrico Girardi, Un-Yeong Go, Darshini Govindasamy, Alison D. Grant, Malgorzata Grzemska, Ross Harris, C. Robert Horsburgh, Asker Ismayilov, Ernesto Jaramillo, Sandra Kik, Katharina Kranzer, Christian Lienhardt, Philip LoBue, Knut Lönnroth, Guy Marks, Dick Menzies, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Davide Mosca, Ya Diul Mukadi, Alwyn Mwinga, Lisa Nelson, Nobuyuki Nishikiori, Anouk Oordt-Speets, Molebogeng Xheedha Rangaka, Andreas Reis, Lisa Rotz, Andreas Sandgren, Monica Sañé Schepisi, Holger J. Schünemann, Surender Kumar Sharma, Giovanni Sotgiu, Helen R. Stagg, Timothy R. Sterling, Tamara Tayeb, Mukund Uplekar, Marieke J. van der Werf, Wim Vandevelde, Femke van Kessel, Anna van't Hoog, Jay K. Varma, Natalia Vezhnina, Constantia Voniatis, Marije Vonk Noordegraaf-Schouten, Diana Weil, Karin Weyer, Robert John Wilkinson, Takashi Yoshiyama, Jean Pierre Zellweger, Mario Raviglione
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper income and TB incidence of &lt;100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers, immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability. Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease. Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus isoniazid; 3–4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3–4 month rifampicin alone.
Falls due to stroke
Authors: K. S Bhatnagar
Journal: BMJ (1995)

emphasis on the health benefits of activity of moderate intensity.'The Northern Ireland health and activity survey, a cross section survey of 1600 subjects aged 16-74 in Northern Ireland, found that 18% of men and 16% of women, achieved moderate activity of 20 minutes' duration in a four week period through cycling.2Thirty one per cent of men and 20% of women aged 16-34 had cycled to this level.Of those aged 35-54, 10% of men and 13% of women were active to this level through cycling, while among those aged 55-74 the proportions had fallen to 5% and 3% respectively.Of all forms of sport and recreation, cycling was one of those most often recorded in the four week period, in the previous year, and since the age of 14; overall, 37% of men and 26% of women had cycled in the previous year and 53% of men and 36% of women had cycled on some occasion since the age of 14.Clearly, there are opportunities for using cycling as a foundation for an improvement in population levels of physical activity.