tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Consumption of Arterial Smooth Muscle as a Function of Active Tone and Passive Stretch
Authors: R. L. Kosan, Alan C. Burton
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The mean oxygen consumption of relaxed isolated vascular smooth muscle segments was found to equal 0.61±0.94 SEM µliter/mg wet wt/hr in a medium of buffered Ringer-glucose, and 0.65±0.05 SEM uliter/mg wet wt/hr in a solution of dog plasma. The resting muscle RQ was found to equal 0.99±0.01 SEM in buffered Ringer-glucose solution. When stimulated by addition of epinephrine the muscle segment contracted on the average by 9% of its initial diameter with a corresponding increase of its oxygen consumption by an average of 30% over its relaxed value. It was noticed that with increased initial circumferential stretch of the muscle segment, the amplitude of contraction was much greater when a given amount of catecholamine was added. This increase of sensitivity to catecholamine produced by initial stretch, was accompanied by a parallel increase of oxygen consumption by the contracted muscle. A qualitative correlation between an estimated degree of contraction of arterial muscle and its oxygen consumption was demonstrated. More quantitative correlation will have to depend upon better methods of measuring both the tension developed and the degree of initial stretch.
Outbreak of Salmonellosis Linked to Live Poultry from a Mail-Order Hatchery
Authors: Nicholas H. Gaffga, Casey Barton Behravesh, Paul J. Ettestad, Chad B. Smelser, Andrew R. Rhorer, Alicia B. Cronquist, Nicole A. Comstock, Sally A. Bidol, Nehal J. Patel, Peter Gerner-Smidt, William E. Keene, Thomas M. Gomez, Brett A. Hopkins, Mark J. Sotir, Frederick J. Angulo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Outbreaks of human salmonella infections are increasingly associated with contact with live poultry, but effective control measures are elusive. In 2005, a cluster of human salmonella Montevideo infections with a rare pattern on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (the outbreak strain) was identified by PulseNet, a national subtyping network.
Catheter drainage of spontaneous pneumothorax: suction or no suction, early or late removal?
Authors: S Y So, D Y Yu
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Twenty-three patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax and 30 patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax treated by intercostal catheter drainage with underwater seal were divided randomly into two groups, one receiving suction drainage (up to 20 cm H2O pressure) and the other no suction. The success rate was 57% for the former and 50% for the latter. The suction group spent an average of five days in hospital, whereas the non-suction group averaged four days. Suction drainage therefore did not have any advantage. To determine how soon the catheter could be removed without complication, patients were also divided randomly into two subgroups--one had the catheter removed, without previous clamping, as soon as the lung was expanded; the other had the catheters left in situ for a further three days. The success rate was 52% for the former, and 53% for the latter. But most of the failure in the early removal group was caused by re-collapse of the lung rather than persistent air leakage; hence removal of the catheter too early was not recommended.
Intraoperative Near-Infrared Imaging of Surgical Wounds after Tumor Resections Can Detect Residual Disease
Authors: Brian Madajewski, Brendan F. Judy, Anas Mouchli, Veena Kapoor, David Holt, May D. Wang, Shuming Nie, Sunil Singhal
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Surgical resection remains the most effective therapy for solid tumors worldwide. The most important prognostic indicator for cure following cancer surgery is a complete resection with no residual disease. However, intraoperative detection of retained cancer cells after surgery is challenging, and residual disease continues to be the most common cause of local failure. We hypothesized that visual enhancement of tumors using near-infrared imaging could potentially identify tumor deposits in the wound after resection. Experimental Design: A small animal model of surgery and retained disease was developed. Residual tumor deposits in the wound were targeted using an U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved imaging agent, indocyanine green, by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. A novel handheld spectrometer was used to optically visualize retained disease after surgery. Results: We found residual disease using near-infrared imaging during surgery that was not visible to the naked eye or micro-CT. Furthermore, examination of tumor nodules was remarkably precise in delineating margins from normal surrounding tissues. This approach was most successful for tumors with increased neovasculature. Conclusions: The results suggest that near-infrared examination of the surgical wound after curative resection can potentially enable the surgeon to locate residual disease. The data in this study is the basis of an ongoing Phase I/II clinical trial in patients who undergo resection for lung and breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 18(20); 5741–51. ©2012 AACR.
Glomerular epithelial cells secrete a glomerular basement membrane-degrading metalloproteinase.
Authors: R Johnson, H Yamabe, Y P Chen, C Campbell, K Gordon, P Baker, D Lovett, W G Couser
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Cultured rat glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) were examined for their ability to release extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases with [3H]gelatin as substrate. GEC-conditioned media, under serum-free conditions, contained modest amounts of gelatinase activity (1 to 10 U/mg of protein); the activity was maximal at neutral pH, was inhibited by zinc chelators, was not inhibited by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, and could not be further activated by trypsin or organomercurials. Gelatin substrate sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of GEC-conditioned medium revealed several zones of lysis, with molecular sizes of 150 kd (major band), and 220, 86 to 93, and 52 to 54 kd (minor bands). Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the GEC metalloproteinase(s) were distinct from the 68- to 72-kd type IV collagenase/gelatinase present in mesangial cells or the 92-kd type IV collagenase present in neutrophils. The GEC gelatinolytic activity also degraded insoluble type IV collagen in glomerular basement membrane in a dose-dependent manner. The major metalloproteinase activity responsible for the type IV collagen degradation has a molecular size of 150 kd with a type IV collagen substrate gel. Thus, GEC produce several neutral metalloproteinases, which, by virtue of their substrate specificity, may play an important role in glomerular basement membrane remodeling and in glomerular diseases characterized by alterations in basement membrane permeability.
Molecular and Mechanical Characterization of Aciniform Silk: Uniformity of Iterated Sequence Modules in a Novel Member of the Spider Silk Fibroin Gene Family
Authors: C. Y. Hayashi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Araneoid spiders use specialized abdominal glands to produce up to seven different protein-based silks/glues that have diverse physical properties. The fibroin sequences that encode aciniform fibers (wrapping silk) and the mechanical properties of these fibers have not been characterized previously. To gain a better understanding of the molecular radiation of spider silk fibroin genes, cDNA libraries derived from aciniform glands of the banded garden spider, Argiope trifasciata, were constructed, and unique silk transcripts were sequenced. There was evidence for a single silk fibroin gene that was expressed in the aciniform glands, and the inferred amino acid composition of the novel fibroin closely matched the amino acid contents of these glands. The inferred protein, aciniform spidroin 1 (AcSp1), is composed of highly homogenized repeats that are 200 amino acids in length. The long stretches of poly-alanine and glycine-alanine subrepeats, which are thought to account for the crystalline regions of minor ampullate and major ampullate fibers, are very poorly represented in AcSp1. The AcSp1 repeat unit is iterated minimally 14 times and does not display substantial sequence similarity to any previously described genes or proteins. Database searches, however, showed that the nonrepetitive carboxy-terminus contains stretches of matches to known spider fibroin sequences, suggesting that the AcSp1 gene is a highly divergent member of the spider silk gene family. In phylogenetic analyses of carboxy-terminal sequences from araneid spiders, the aciniform sequence did not group strongly with clusters of fibroins from the flagelliform, minor ampullate, or major ampullate silk glands. Comparisons of stress/strain curves for major ampullate, minor ampullate, and aciniform silks from Argiope trifasciata showed significant differences in ultimate strength, extensibility, and toughness. Remarkably, the toughness of aciniform silk was 50% greater than the highest values typically recorded for major ampullate silk. These differences in performance, in combination with the radical divergence at the sequence level among fibroin paralogs, suggest a possible linkage between silk fibroin sequences and performance that should be explored in future structural/functional studies of aciniform silk.
High-Value, Cost-Conscious Medical Education
Authors: David A. Cook, Thomas J. Beckman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

1. Jumani K, Advani S, Reich NG, Gosey L, Milstone AM. Risk factors for peripherally inserted central venous catheter complications in children. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(5):429-435. 2. Keren R, Shah SS, Srivastava R, et al. Comparative effectiveness of intravenous vs oral antibiotics for postdischarge treatment of acute osteomyelitis in children [published online December 15, 2014]. JAMA Pediatr. doi:10.1001 /jamapediatrics.2014.2822.
The Emerging Characterization of Lysine Residue Deacetylation on the Modulation of Mitochondrial Function and Cardiovascular Biology
Authors: Zhongping Lu, Iain Scott, Bradley R. Webster, Michael N. Sack
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

There is emerging recognition of a novel fuel and redox sensing regulatory program that controls cellular adaptation via nonhistone protein lysine residue acetyl posttranslation modifications. This program functions in tissues with high energy demand and oxidative capacity and is highly enriched in the heart. Deacetylation is regulated by NAD(+)-dependent activation of the sirtuin family of proteins, whereas acetyltransferase modifications are controlled by less clearly delineated acetyltransferases. Subcellular localization specific protein targets of lysine-acetyl modification have been identified in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Despite distinct subcellular localizations, these modifications appear, in large part, to modify mitochondrial properties including respiration, energy production, apoptosis, and antioxidant defenses. These mitochondrial regulatory programs are important in cardiovascular biology, although how protein acetyl modifications effects cardiovascular pathophysiology has not been extensively explored. This review will introduce the role of nonhistone protein lysine residue acetyl modifications, discuss their regulation and biochemistry and present the direct and indirect data implicating their involvement in the heart and vasculature.
Pulmonary eosinophilia associated with cutaneous larva migrans.
Authors: R J Butland, I H Coulson
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Transient pulmonary eosinophilia (synonyms Loeffler' s syndrome, pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia) was observed in a patient with cutaneous larva migrans (synonyms creeping eruption, plumber's itch), a rare association only previously reported from the United States.' 2 Case report A 58 year old non-smoking caucasian woman noticed an itchy rash on her buttocks on 29 October 1983, two days before returning to London from her holiday in Barbados.Her travelling companions were unaffected.On her return similar lesions developed on her legs and abdomen.On 15 November she noticed a cough, which was dry until 25 November, when she produced a little white sputum.There was no wheeze, breathlessness, or haemoptysis.She was anorexic and lost 4*4 kg in weight.Bowel function was normal.Her medication consisted of atenolol 100 mg and chlorthalidone 25 mg daily for hypertension.There was no history of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, asthma, or eczema.On examination on 8 November she had at least 20 slightly raised, erythematous, serpiginous burrows typical of cutaneous larva migrans on her abdomen, buttocks, and legs (fig).Treatment with antipruritic drugs did not help Characteristic serpiginous tract ofcutaneous larva migrans on the patient's abdomen just below the umbilicus.
CD31: beyond a marker for endothelial cells
Authors: L. Liu, G.-P. Shi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

This editorial refers to ‘A CD31-derived peptide prevents angiotensin II-induced atherosclerosis progression and aneurysm formation’ by G. Fornasa et al. , pp. 30–37, this issue. 

CD31 is a 130 kDa platelet–endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecule that was initially identified from ECs and platelets1 and later from blood leucocytes.2 Mature CD31 contains a short [22-amino acid (aa)] NH2-terminal peptide followed by six C2-type immunoglobulin (Ig) domains, each flanked by two conserved cysteine residues outside the cells,3 a 19 aa transmembrane domain, and a 118 aa cytoplasmic tail containing two immunotyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM)4 ( Figure 1 ) that mediate intracellular signalling. Although CD31 was initially classified as a cell adhesion molecule,3 later studies suggested that CD31 triggers downstream inhibitory signalling4 upon transhomophilic CD31 engagement during cell–cell interaction.5 CD31 signalling participates in the regulation of leucocyte detachment, T-cell activation, platelet activation, and angiogenesis, all of which are critical to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). 



Figure 1 
CD31 protein domains and their corresponding cellular functions. Ig, immunoglobulin; aa, amino acid; ITIM, immunotyrosine-based inhibitory motif; SHP2, Src homology-2 phosphatase; Y, tyrosine.



Fornasa et al. 6 use atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient ( Apoe−/− ) mice to demonstrate that aa551–574—a synthetic peptide located to the carboxyl-terminal of the Ig domain 6 ( Figure 1 )—suppressed angiotensin II (Ang-II) perfusion-induced AAAs and atherosclerosis. This peptide reduced atherosclerotic lesion and peri-aortic leucocyte infiltration and increased collagen deposition in aortic root atherosclerotic plaques and the abdominal aorta. Although we typically use CD31 as …
Myelin Regeneration: A Recapitulation of Development?
Authors: Stephen P.J. Fancy, Jonah R. Chan, Sergio E. Baranzini, Robin J.M. Franklin, David H. Rowitch
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2011)

The developmental process of myelination and the adult regenerative process of remyelination share the common objective of investing nerve axons with myelin sheaths. A central question in myelin biology is the extent to which the mechanisms of these two processes are conserved, a concept encapsulated in the recapitulation hypothesis of remyelination. This question also has relevance for translating myelin biology into a better understanding of and eventual treatments for human myelin disorders. Here we review the current evidence for the recapitulation hypothesis and discuss recent findings in the development and regeneration of myelin in the context of human neurological disease.
Home Indoor Pollutant Exposures among Inner-City Children With and Without Asthma
Authors: Gregory B. Diette, Nadia N. Hansel, Timothy J. Buckley, Jean Curtin-Brosnan, Peyton A. Eggleston, Elizabeth C. Matsui, Meredith C. McCormack, D’Ann L. Williams, Patrick N. Breysse
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Evidence for environmental causes of asthma is limited, especially among African Americans. To look for systematic differences in early life domestic exposures between inner-city preschool children with and without asthma, we performed a study of home indoor air pollutants and allergens.Children 2-6 years of age were enrolled in a cohort study in East Baltimore, Maryland. From the child's bedroom, air was monitored for 3 days for particulate matter <or= 2.5 and <or= 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5), PM(10)), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. Median baseline values were compared for children with (n = 150) and without (n = 150) asthma. Housing characteristics related to indoor air pollution were assessed by caregiver report and home inspection. In addition, indoor allergen levels were measured in settled dust.Children were 58% male, 91% African American, and 88% with public health insurance. Housing characteristics related to pollutant exposure and bedroom air pollutant concentrations did not differ significantly between asthmatic and control subjects [median: PM(2.5), 28.7 vs. 28.5 microg/m(3); PM(10), 43.6 vs. 41.4 microg/m(3); NO(2), 21.6 vs. 20.9 ppb; O(3), 1.4 vs. 1.8 ppb; all p > 0.05]. Settled dust allergen levels (cat, dust mite, cockroach, dog, and mouse) were also similar in bedrooms of asthmatic and control children.Exposures to common home indoor pollutants and allergens are similar for inner-city preschool children with and without asthma. Although these exposures may exacerbate existing asthma, this study does not support a causative role of these factors for risk of developing childhood asthma.
Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for children with acute leukemia.
Authors: S M Davies, J E Wagner, X O Shu, B R Blazar, E Katsanis, P J Orchard, J H Kersey, K E Dusenbery, D J Weisdorf, P B McGlave, N K Ramsay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To test the use of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation (URD BMT) to cure children with high-risk acute leukemias. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between June 1985 and December 1994, 50 children with acute leukemia (15 acute myelogenous leukemia [AML], 35 acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL]; 22 greater than second complete remission [CR]) received BMT from a URD at the University of Minnesota. Ages ranged from 0.9 to 17.5 years (median, 8.8). Median follow-up is 2.1 years (range, 1 to 7.3). Thirty patients (60%) received bone marrow fully matched at HLA-A,B and DRB1; 20 (40%) received bone marrow with a major or minor mismatch at a single HLA-A or B locus. RESULTS The median time to neutrophil engraftment was day 24 (range, 14 to 42 days) in those receiving matched and day 25 (range, 15 to 32 days) in those receiving mismatched marrow (P = .35). The incidence of grades III to IV graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7% to 39%) in matched and 32% (95% CI, 8% to 52%) in HLA-mismatched patients (P = .57). The incidence of chronic GVHD was 50% (95% CI, 28% to 72%) in matched and 57% (95% CI, 23% to 91%) in mismatched patients (P = .80). Disease-free survival for patients with ALL is 37% (95% CI, 21% to 53%) at 1 year and 30% (95% CI, 15% to 46%) at 2 years; for patients with AML, 53% (95% CI, 28% to 78%) at 1 year and 33% (95% CI, 6% to 60%) at 2 years. CONCLUSION URD BMT is an effective treatment for children with poor-prognosis acute leukemia and should be considered for all high-risk patients. Early referral of patients is strongly recommended.
Repair of ventricular septal defect and left ventricular aneurysm following myocardial infarction
Authors: Z. Schlesinger, Y. Lieberman, A. Landesberg, H. N. Neufeld
Journal: Thorax (1971)

A successful simultaneous surgical repair of rupture of the interventricular septum and left ventricular aneurysm resulting from myocardial infarction is described. Very few similar cases have been described in the literature and in none was angiocardiography performed before operation. Preoperative angiocardiographic examination to demonstrate a ventricular aneurysm is of major importance in all cases of rupture of the interventricular septum following myocardial infarction. The right heart approach with injection of contrast material into the main pulmonary artery is shown to be the method of choice for this purpose.
Circulating Palmitoleate Strongly and Independently Predicts Insulin Sensitivity in Humans
Authors: Norbert Stefan, Konstantinos Kantartzis, Nora Celebi, Harald Staiger, Jürgen Machann, Fritz Schick, Alexander Cegan, Michaela Elcnerova, Erwin Schleicher, Andreas Fritsche, Hans-Ulrich Häring
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE We investigated whether palmitoleate, which prevents insulin resistance in mice, predicts insulin sensitivity in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The fasting fatty acid pattern in the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) fraction was determined in 100 subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was estimated during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after 9 months of lifestyle intervention and measured during the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (n = 79). RESULTS Circulating palmitoleate (OGTT:F ratio = 8.2, P = 0.005; clamp:F ratio = 7.8, P = 0.007) but not total FFAs (OGTT:F ratio = 0.6, P = 0.42; clamp:F ratio = 0.7, P = 0.40) correlated positively with insulin sensitivity, independently of age, sex, and adiposity. High baseline palmitoleate predicted a larger increase in insulin sensitivity. For 1-SD increase in palmitoleate, the odds ratio for being in the highest versus the lowest tertile of adjusted change in insulin sensitivity was 2.35 (95% CI 1.16–5.35). CONCLUSIONS Circulating palmitoleate strongly and independently predicts insulin sensitivity, suggesting that it plays an important role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in humans.
Individual PKC-Phosphorylation Sites in Organic Cation Transporter 1 Determine Substrate Selectivity and Transport Regulation
Authors: Giuliano Ciarimboli, Hermann Koepsell, Mariya Iordanova, Valentin Gorboulev, Brigitte Dürner, Detlef Lang, Bayram Edemir, Rita Schröter, Truc Van Le, Eberhard Schlatter
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying stimulation of rat organic cation transporter type 1 (rOCT1) by protein kinase C (PKC) activation, functional properties and regulation of rOCT1 stably expressed in HEK293 cells after site-directed mutagenesis of putative PKC phosphorylation-sites were compared with wild-type (WT) rOCT1 using microfluorometric measurements with the fluorescence organic cation 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP+). Either substitutions of single (S286A, S292A, T296A, S328A, and T550A) or of all five PKC-sites (5x-PKC) with alanine suppressed PKC-induced stimulation of ASP+ uptake, whereas regulation by p56 lck tyrosine kinase was conserved in all mutants. Remarkably, the apparent affinities for TEA+, TPA+, and quinine were changed differently in each mutant (EC50 in WT, S286A, S292A, T296A, S328A, T550A, and 5x-PKC in μmol: TEA+: 105, 153, 56, 1135, 484, 498, 518; TPA+: 0.1, 2.1, 0.3, 1.0, 43, 0.3, 2.2; quinine: 1.5, 3.0, 2.5, 4.8, 81, 7.6, 8.9, respectively). After mutations, no effects of PKC activation on apparent affinity of rOCT1 for these substrates could be detected, in contrast to what was observed in WT. PKC activation had no significant effect on rOCT1 trafficking from intracellular pools to the cell membrane. Substitution of all PKC sites suppressed PKC-induced phosphorylation of rOCT1. In conclusion, it was found that the presence of all five potential PKC phosphorylation sites is necessary for the PKC-induced stimulation of rOCT1. The different effects on the EC50 values by the different mutations suggest that the large intracellular loop participates in building the substrate binding pocket of rOCT1 or specifically modulates its structure.