tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
History of Medically Treated Diabetes and Risk of Alzheimer Disease in a Nationwide Case-Control Study
Authors: Anna-Maija Tolppanen, Piia Lavikainen, Alina Solomon, Miia Kivipelto, Matti Uusitupa, Hilkka Soininen, Sirpa Hartikainen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Type 2 diabetes in midlife or late life increases the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD), and type 1 diabetes has been associated with a higher risk of detrimental cognitive outcomes, although studies from older adults are lacking. We investigated whether individuals with AD were more likely to have a history of diabetes than matched controls from the general aged population.Information on reimbursed diabetes medication (including both type 1 and 2 diabetes) of all Finnish individuals with reimbursed AD medication in 2005 (n = 28,093) and their AD-free control subjects during 1972-2005 was obtained from a special reimbursement register maintained by the Social Insurance Institute of Finland.The prevalence of diabetes was 11.4% in the whole study population, 10.7% (n = 3,012) among control subjects, and 12.0% (n = 3,372) among AD case subjects. People with AD were more likely to have diabetes than matched control subjects (unadjusted OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.08-1.20]), even after adjusting for cardiovascular diseases (OR 1.31 [1.22-1.41]). The associations were stronger with diabetes diagnosed at midlife (adjusted OR 1.60 [1.34-1.84] and 1.25 [1.16-1.36] for midlife and late-life diabetes, respectively).Individuals with clinically verified AD are more likely to have a history of clinically verified and medically treated diabetes than the general aged population, although the difference is small.
A phase III study evaluating the safety and efficacy of NEPA, a fixed-dose combination of netupitant and palonosetron, for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting over repeated cycles of chemotherapy
Authors: R.J. Gralla, S.M. Bosnjak, A. Hontsa, C. Balser, G. Rizzi, G. Rossi, M.E. Borroni, K. Jordan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)

Safe, effective and convenient antiemetic regimens that preserve benefit over repeated cycles are needed for optimal supportive care during cancer treatment. NEPA, an oral fixed-dose combination of netupitant, a highly selective NK1 receptor antagonist (RA), and palonosetron (PALO), a distinct 5-HT3 RA, was shown to be superior to PALO in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting after a single cycle of highly (HEC) or moderately (MEC) emetogenic chemotherapy in recent trials. This study was designed primarily to assess the safety but also to evaluate the efficacy of NEPA over multiple cycles of HEC and MEC.
Absence of autoantibodies to peptides shared by HLA-B27.5 and Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase in serum samples from HLA-B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome.
Authors: D D de Vries, A J Dekker-Saeys, E Gyodi, U Bohm, P Ivanyi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Some microorganisms which are pathogenic in humans share amino acid sequences with human proteins (molecular mimicry). It has been suggested that molecular mimicry might be a reason for autoimmunity as a result of immunological cross reactivity. A homologous sequence of six amino acids has been found in both Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase and the HLA-B27.5 molecule. In addition, (auto)antibodies to a synthetic peptide that contained the HLA-B27.5/klebsiella mimicking epitope have been detected in serum samples from HLA-B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter9s syndrome. Confirmation of these data is important, because ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter9s syndrome have so far been assumed to be 9seronegative9 rheumatic diseases. It was, however, not possible to confirm the presence of autoantibodies against the mimicking peptide in serum samples from patients with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter9s syndrome. Serum samples from 81 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 38 patients with Reiter9s syndrome, and 81 healthy blood donors were tested against the 9mimicking peptide9 in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Some of the serum samples from patients showed high but non-specific binding to the mimicking peptide. A highly significant correlation between binding to plastic coated with the mimicking peptide, to plastic coated with an irrelevant peptide, and even to non-coated plastic was observed. The nature of the serum component(s) in these patient serum samples (and some control serum samples) responsible for the high non-specific binding to plastic remains unclear. It was also shown that antibodies to the HLA-B27 peptide (containing the mimicking epitope) induced in rabbits do not cross react with the klebsiella peptide and vice versa.
Celebrating 25 years of the BTS: the Silver Jubilee Meeting
Authors: J. Goldring, A. Sykes, J. Footitt
Journal: Thorax (2008)

The BTS took over the entire Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre in London again this year to host its Silver Jubilee year Winter Meeting. This, the biggest and most comprehensive meeting so far, was also the first to accommodate an additional day for allied health professionals, held in conjunction with the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care (ACPRC).

In his Presidential address, “Beyond the prescription”, Professor Martyn Partridge focused on the way health care delivery might change in the future with more consultations being delivered in community-based clinics at times which would be more convenient to our patients.

The BTS medal was jointly presented to Professor Peter Barnes and Dr Alistair Brewis for their outstanding contributions to respiratory medicine and, at the lively reception, Professor Sue Hill, Chief Scientific Officer at the Department of Health, presented the BTS Silver Jubilee Awards. These covered seven categories celebrating innovation and excellence in respiratory medicine care and service delivery and were a showcase of achievement through teamwork. Also at the reception, the BTS Young Investigator Prize was awarded to Dr David Simcock for his work on airway neovascularisation by airway smooth muscle in asthma.1 The BALR prize went to Dr Yang for his studies on altered gene regulation in familial pulmonary hypertension2 and the BLF prize winner was Dr Kewin for his work on a novel cytokine found to induce eosinophilic airway inflammation.3 Other abstracts submitted for prizes covered a wide range of topics such as statin treatment in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension,4 the search for molecules to block polymerisation of Z α1-antitrypsin5 and the role of vascular endothelial growth factor on the cell cycle of alveolar cells.6

In recognition of the increasing interest and research in COPD, a large proportion of the programme was …
Comparison of two active case-finding strategies for community-based diagnosis of symptomatic smear-positive tuberculosis and control of infectious tuberculosis in Harare, Zimbabwe (DETECTB): a cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Elizabeth L Corbett, Tsitsi Bandason, Trinh Duong, Ethel Dauya, Beauty Makamure, Gavin J Churchyard, Brian G Williams, Shungu S Munyati, Anthony E Butterworth, Peter R Mason, Stanley Mungofa, Richard J Hayes
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
I<scp>N</scp>V<scp>IVO</scp>M<scp>EASUREMENT OF</scp>F<scp>LUXES THROUGH</scp>M<scp>ETABOLIC</scp>P<scp>ATHWAYS</scp>: The Missing Link in Functional Genomics and Pharmaceutical Research
Authors: Marc K. Hellerstein
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2003)

▪ Abstract In the postgenomic era of biology, much attention has been given to functional genomics, or the relation between genes and higher levels of organization in the cell. The latter are typically represented as mRNA, protein, or organic metabolite complements. The theme of this review is that the operational unit of function in complex biological systems is more properly seen as the fully assembled metabolic pathway in the whole organism. Due to the connectivity, interactions, and complexity of metabolic pathways, the measurement of components is an inadequate method for predicting phenotype. Measurement of the outputs of pathways (molecular fluxes) involves different tools than static measures of components, however. Here, we review recently developed stable isotope-mass spectrometric tools for measuring fluxes through metabolic pathways in vivo, focusing on the response to dietary macronutrients (carbohydrates and fats). Methods discussed include measurement of lipid dynamics, DNA replication, hepatic assembly of lipoproteins, and long-lived protein synthesis. Measuring fluxes through multiple pathways concurrently allows regulatory themes to emerge. Use of 2 H 2 O-labeling is emerging as a particularly powerful approach for multiple concurrent biosynthetic flux measurements. Several examples demonstrate that pathway flux results are often unexpected and not predicted by classic biochemistry or the expression of genes and proteins.
Limited effect of summer warming on the sensitivity of colorectal cancer screening: Table 1
Authors: Manuel Zorzi, Susanna Baracco, Chiara Fedato
Journal: Gut (2010)

In their recent paper, Grazzini and colleagues1 reported a decrease in the positivity of the immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) for colorectal cancer screening during the summer period. Their results predict a higher rate of false-negative iFOBT results during the hot season. This effect is likely to be higher for patients with minor neoplastic lesions, where the haemoglobin concentration in faeces is usually lower2 than in patients with …
BREATH: Web-Based Self-Management for Psychological Adjustment After Primary Breast Cancer—Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sanne W. van den Berg, Marieke F.M. Gielissen, José A.E. Custers, Winette T.A. van der Graaf, Petronella B. Ottevanger, Judith B. Prins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose Early breast cancer survivors (BCSs) report high unmet care needs, and easily accessible care is not routinely available for this growing population. The Breast Cancer E-Health (BREATH) trial is a Web-based self-management intervention to support the psychological adjustment of women after primary treatment, by reducing distress and improving empowerment. Patients and Methods This multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial evaluated whether care as usual (CAU) plus BREATH is superior to CAU alone. BREATH is delivered in sixteen fully automated weekly modules covering early survivorship issues. Two to 4 months post-treatment, BCSs were randomly assigned to receive CAU + BREATH (n = 70) or CAU alone (n = 80) using a stratified block design (ratio 1:1). Primary outcomes were distress (Symptom Checklist-90) and empowerment (Cancer Empowerment Questionnaire), assessed before random assignment (baseline, T0) and after 4 (T1), 6 (T2), and 10 months (T3) of follow-up. Statistical (analysis of covariance) and clinical effects (reliable change index) were tested in an intention-to-treat analysis (T0 to T1). Follow-up effects (T0 to T3) were assessed in assessment completers. Results CAU + BREATH participants reported significantly less distress than CAU-alone participants (−7.79; 95% CI, −14.31 to −1.27; P = .02) with a small-to-medium effect size (d = 0.33), but empowerment was not affected (−1.71; 95% CI, 5.20 to −1.79; P = .34). More CAU + BREATH participants (39 of 70 [56%]; 95% CI, 44.1 to 66.8) than CAU-alone participants (32 of 80 [40%]; 95% CI, 30.0 to 51.0) showed clinically significant improvement (P = .03). This clinical effect was most prominent in low-distress BCSs. Secondary outcomes confirmed primary outcomes. There were no between-group differences in primary outcomes during follow-up. Conclusion Access to BREATH reduced distress among BCSs, but this effect was not sustained during follow-up.
Endoscopic mucosal resection for flat neoplasia in chronic ulcerative colitis: can we change the endoscopic management paradigm?
Authors: D. P Hurlstone, D. S Sanders, R. Atkinson, M. D Hunter, M E McAlindon, A J Lobo, S. S Cross, M. Thomson
Journal: Gut (2006)

The potential of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for treating flat dysplastic lesions in chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) has not been addressed so far. Historically, such lesions were referred for colectomy. Furthermore, there are only limited data to support endoscopic resection of exophytic adenoma-like mass (ALM) lesions in colitis.To evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of patients with colitis undergoing EMR for Paris class 0-II and class I ALM compared with sporadic controls. Secondary aims were to re-evaluate the prevalence, anatomical "mapping" and histopathological characteristics of both Paris class 0-II and class I lesions in the context of CUC.Prospective clinical, pathological and outcome data of patients with colitis-associated Paris class 0-II and Paris class I ALM treated with EMR (primary end points being colorectal cancer development, resection efficacy, metachronous lesion rates and post-resection recurrence rates) were compared with those of sporadic controls.204 lesions were diagnosed in 169 patients during the study period: 167 (82%) diagnosed at "entry" colonoscopy, and 36 (18%) diagnosed at follow-up. 170 ALMs, 18 dysplasia-associated lesion masses (DALMs) and 16 cancers were diagnosed. A total of 4316 colonoscopies were performed throughout the study period (median per patient: 6; range: 1-8). The median follow-up period for the complete cohort was 4.1 years (range: 3.6-5.21). 1675 controls were included from our prospective database of patients without CUC who had undergone EMR for sporadic Paris class 0-II and snare polypectomy of Paris type I lesions from 1998 onwards, and were considered to be at moderate to high lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. 3792 colonoscopies were performed throughout the study period in this group (median per patient: 4; range: 1-7). The median follow-up period was 4.8 years (range: 2.9-5.2). No statistically significant differences were observed between the CUC study group and controls with respect to age, sex, median number of colonoscopies per patient, median follow-up duration, post-resection complications, median lesional diameter or interval cancer rates. However, there was a significant between-group difference regarding the prevalence of Paris class 0-II lesions in the CUC group (82/155 (61%)) compared with controls (285/801 (35%); chi(2) = 31.13; p<0.001). Furthermore, recurrence rates of lateral spreading tumours were higher in the colitis cohort (1/7 (14%)) than among controls (0/10 (0%); p = 0.048 (95% CI 11.64% to 40.21%)).Flat DALM, similarly to Paris class I ALM, can be managed safely by EMR in CUC. A change in management paradigm to include EMR for the resection of flat dysplastic lesions in selected cases is proposed.
Mitochondrial SKN-1/Nrf Mediates a Conserved Starvation Response
Authors: Jennifer Paek, Jacqueline Y. Lo, Sri Devi Narasimhan, Tammy N. Nguyen, Kira Glover-Cutter, Stacey Robida-Stubbs, Takafumi Suzuki, Masayuki Yamamoto, T. Keith Blackwell, Sean P. Curran
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
The safety and efficacy of subcutaneous enoxaparin versus intravenous unfractionated heparin and tirofiban versus placebo in the treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients ineligible for reperfusion (TETAMI)
Authors: Marc Cohen, Gian Franco Gensini, Frans Maritz, Enrique P Gurfinkel, Kurt Huber, Ari Timerman, Maria Krzeminska-Pakula, Nicolas Danchin, Harvey D White, Jose Santopinto, Frederique Bigonzi, Carole Hecquet, Luc Vittori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 4308: 3D nuclear telomeric signatures define circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and characterize CTC subpopulations in intermediate risk prostate cancer patients
Authors: Awe A. Julius, Adam Yan, Nidhi Shah, Klewes Ludger, Alexandra Kuzyk, Michael Xu, Ramy Boles, Jeff Saranchuk, Darrel Drachenberg, Sabine Mai
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Intermediate risk prostate cancer is a current medical challenge since the patients in this group can either be stable or progress, and there is no predictor for individual risk. Stratifying these patients would spare the patients unnecessary treatment or indicate the start of treatment immediately without losing precious time. Currently, prostate specific antigen (PSA) is used as evidence for biochemical progression. A more sensitive biomarker is needed to detect disease progression earlier and more reliably. We have isolated circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a filtration-based device (ScreenCell). We subsequently performed the genetic characterization of the captured CTCs on a single cell basis. Using three-dimensional (3D) nuclear telomere imaging and quantitative analysis of 3D telomeric signatures of CTCs, we have characterized CTCs in the blood of the patients and have identified patient subgroups with one or more groups of CTCs. 380 samples of intermediate risk prostate cancer all revealed the presence of CTCs. However, the CTCs found were not genetically identical. Marked heterogeneity was seen, and three main groups of CTC profiles were defined based on TeloView software our group developed earlier. Repeat samples taken 6 months intervals define stable, mildly changing and significantly altered 3D profiles indicative of disease stability vs. progression. Citation Format: Awe A. Julius, Adam Yan, Nidhi Shah, Klewes Ludger, Alexandra Kuzyk, Michael Xu, Ramy Boles, Jeff Saranchuk, Darrel Drachenberg, Sabine Mai. 3D nuclear telomeric signatures define circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and characterize CTC subpopulations in intermediate risk prostate cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4308. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4308
The National Diabetes Register in Sweden
Authors: Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir, Jan Cederholm, Peter M. Nilsson, Björn Eliasson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To monitor glycemic control, treatable risk factors, and treatment profile for quality assessment of diabetes care on a national scale.Four samples of 23,546, 32,903, 30,311, and 29,769 patients with diabetes (1996-1999) were studied based on a repeated national screening and quality assessment of diabetes care by the National Diabetes Register, Sweden, with participation of both hospitals and primary health care. Clinical characteristics included were age, sex, diabetes duration and treatment, glycemic control (HbA(1c)), office blood pressure (BP), BMI, smoking habits, and use of lipid-lowering drugs in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.Favorable decreases of mean HbA(1c) and BP values were registered during the 4-year study period for both type 1 (HbA(1c) 7.5-7.3% and BP 130/75-130/74 mmHg) and type 2 diabetic patients (HbA(1c) 7.0-6.7% and BP 151/82-147/80 mmHg). Treatment aims of HbA(1c) and BP levels were also achieved in increasing proportions for type 1 (HbA(1c) <7.5%: 50-58% and BP </=140/85 mmHg: 77-79%), and type 2 diabetic patients (HbA(1c) <7.5%: 66-73% and BP </=140/85 mmHg: 32-42%). The use of lipid-lowering drugs increased for type 1 (4-11%) and type 2 diabetic patients (10-22%). In type 2 diabetic patients, treatment with oral agents alone decreased, but combination therapy (insulin and oral agents) increased during the study period. Mean BMI increased during 1996-1999 in type 2 diabetic patients. High HbA(1c) and BP values in 1999 were predicted by high BMI values 1996 and by high increase of BMI during the period, independent of diabetes duration, age, and sex.Decreasing mean HbA(1c) and BP levels and the wider use of lipid-lowering drugs during the late 1990s in patients with diabetes in a national sample from Sweden should translate into clinical benefits regarding micro- and macrovascular complications as well as diabetes-related mortality.
Predictors of longitudinal change in methacholine airway responsiveness among middle-aged and older men: the Normative Aging Study.
Authors: D Sparrow, G T O'Connor, B Rosner, S T Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Increasing nonspecific airway responsiveness during aging may precede and predispose to the development of asthma in later life. Characteristics potentially related to longitudinal change in methacholine airway responsiveness were examined over a 3-yr follow-up interval among 435 middle-aged and older men. Initial and follow-up evaluation included spirometry, allergy skin testing with common aeroallergens, measurement of the serum concentration of total IgE, and blood cell counts (total leukocytes and eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils as a percentage of total leukocytes). The initial values and annual rates of change of these characteristics were examined by multiple linear regression as potential predictors of annual change in methacholine dose-response slope. Annual change in basophil count was directly related to change in dose-response slope (p = 0.02). Initial values and annual rates of change of other cell counts, pulmonary function, allergy skin test reactivity, and serum total IgE concentration were not significantly related to change in dose-response slope. Cigarette smoking history was also not significantly related to longitudinal change in dose-response slope. These data suggest that inflammatory mechanisms involving the basophil may be important in the development of increasing nonspecific airway responsiveness during aging.
Lung cancer in young patients: analysis of a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.
Authors: S Ramalingam, K Pawlish, S Gadgeel, R Demers, G P Kalemkerian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE A large community-based cancer registry was analyzed to determine if the clinicopathologic characteristics and/or survival rates of lung cancer patients under 50 years of age at diagnosis differ from those of patients 50 years of age or greater at diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data regarding demographics, stage, histology, initial therapy, and survival were obtained on all patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma registered in the metropolitan Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry from 1973 to 1992. RESULTS Of 31,266 patients, 9.0% were under 50 years of age at diagnosis. Females (40.1% v 31.2%; P &lt; .001) and blacks (28.7% v 21.9%, P &lt; .001) were overrepresented in the younger group compared with the older group. Younger patients had a significantly higher incidence of adenocarcinoma and were less likely to present with local-stage disease (18.6% v 25.2%; P &lt; .001). Younger patients were significantly more likely to undergo surgery and/or combined-modality therapy. Relative survival at 5 years was significantly better in the younger group (16.1% v 13.4%; P &lt; .001), mainly because of better survival in patients with local-stage disease (48.7% v 35.4%; P &lt; .001). In a multivariate analysis, advanced-stage, nonsurgical initial therapy, age 50 years or greater at diagnosis, and male gender were independent negative prognostic factors. CONCLUSION The overrepresentation of females and blacks in the group of younger patients with lung cancer suggests an increased susceptibility to lung carcinogens in these populations. Overall, this study suggests that lung cancer is not a more aggressive disease in younger patients and that all patients with lung cancer should be managed along the same therapeutic guidelines.
Prevention of Epstein-Barr virus–lymphoproliferative disease by molecular monitoring and preemptive rituximab in high-risk patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Joost W. J. van Esser, Hubert G. M. Niesters, Bronno van der Holt, Ellen Meijer, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Jan Willem Gratama, Leo F. Verdonck, Bob Löwenberg, Jan J. Cornelissen
Journal: Blood (2002)