tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decompression-Triggered Positive-Pressure Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Improves Pulmonary Gas Exchange and Oxygen Uptake
Authors: Axel Kleinsasser, Karl H. Lindner, Andreas Schaefer, Alexander Loeckinger
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) is the "gold standard" of ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is increasingly discussed as an alternative. This study investigated hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange applying CPAP enhanced with pressure support ventilation (CPAP(PSV)) during CPR.Twenty-four pigs were subjected to ventricular fibrillation and CPR with CPAP(PSV), CPAP, or IPPV. Measurements were taken before (hemodynamics, blood gases, inert gas measurements) and 10 (hemodynamics, blood gases) and 20 (hemodynamics, blood gases, inert gas measurements) minutes after induction of ventricular fibrillation. Although no significant intergroup differences in hemodynamics were found, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)) was significantly higher during CPAP(PSV) compared with CPAP or IPPV (98+/-10, 61+/-27, and 71+/-30 mm Hg, respectively, P<0.05). CPAP(PSV) resulted in an alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen difference of 56+/-17 mm Hg, whereas during CPAP, 83+/-21 mm Hg was detected, and during IPPV, 98+/-29 mm Hg was detected (P<0.05). Pulmonary blood flow to lung units with a normal VA/Q ratio in percent of cardiac output was 76+/-17% during CPAP(PSV), 61+/-21% during CPAP (P<0.01), and 54+/-13% during IPPV (P<0.01). Oxygen uptake (VO(2)) was significantly higher during CPAP(PSV) than with the other ventilation modes (P<0.05) and comparable to the baseline value in intragroup comparison. Return of spontaneous circulation was recorded in 8 of 8 animals in the CPAP(PSV) group, in 6 of 8 in the CPAP group, and in 3 of 8 in the IPPV group.CPAP(PSV) provides a straightforward and effective alternative to IPPV or CPAP during CPR that provides significantly higher PaO(2) and VO(2).
Hematocrit of the Human Cranial Blood Pool
Authors: WILLIAM H. OLDENDORF, MASAMI KITANO, SHIRO SHIMIZU, STELLA Z. OLDENDORF
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

A technique is described utilizing the separate injection of gamma-labeled red cells and plasma, with subsequent measurement of the amount of each label found in the cranial portion of the head and in venous blood specimens. By this means the relationship between the hematocrit of the cranial blood pool and venous blood is determined. In the basic technique, Cr 51 is used separately and sequentially as the label for both red cells and plasma. A modification of this technique using I 131 human serum albumin is described also. Only antecubital venipuncture for injection and sampling was utilized. The mean hematocrit of the human cranial blood pool was found to be 0.84 times the venous hematocrit by both dual tracer methods. This technique should be applicable to other organs. The distribution ratios of any gamma emitters in brain and blood should be similarly measurable.
Phase I trial of SU14813 in patients with advanced solid malignancies
Authors: W. Fiedler, G. Giaccone, P. Lasch, I. van der Horst, N. Brega, R. Courtney, A. Abbattista, D.R. Shalinsky, C. Bokemeyer, E. Boven
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Diagnostic significance of surfactant proteins A and D in sera from patients with radiation pneumonitis
Authors: H. Takahashi, Y. Imai, T. Fujishima, M. Shiratori, S. Murakami, H. Chiba, H. Kon, Y. Kuroki, S. Abe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is the most common complication of radiotherapy for thoracic tumours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of pulmonary surfactant proteins (SP)‐A and SP‐D as new serum markers for RP. Twenty-five patients with lung tumour, who had received radiotherapy, were studied. At the completion of radiotherapy, the presence of RP was judged by chest plain radiography and chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). RP findings detected on chest plain radiography were seen in only three of 12 patients in whom RP was detected by HRCT. Nevertheless, both SP‐A and SP‐D concentrations in sera from the patients with RP were significantly higher than those from the 13 patients without RP (p=0.0065, p=0.0011, respectively). As with SP‐A, ratios of SP‐D at the completion, compared to at the initiation (1 week post/pre ratio), were also significantly higher in patients with RP than in patients without RP. When a post/pre ratio&gt;1.6 was considered positive, the SP‐A and SP‐D assays showed an 83% and 85% specificity, respectively. In conclusion, serum assays of surfactant proteins A and D may be of diagnostic value for detection of radiation pneumonitis, even when the radiographic change is faint.
Are Top Journals Biased Against Eating Disorders Topics?
Authors: Susie Frost, Rebecca Murphy, Peter Webster, Ulrike Schmidt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

This study investigated whether there is a bias against eating disorders research among the leading psychiatric, psychological, and medical journals.The authors performed a comparison between the number of empirical articles published about anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa and the number of articles published about panic disorder and/or agoraphobia (i.e., disorders of comparable disease burden) in 29 high-impact journals over a 5-year period (1996-2001).There were almost twice as many published empirical articles about panic disorder and/or agoraphobia (N=365) as there were about anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa (N=169).The findings indicate a possible bias against eating disorders research among some leading psychiatric journals. Alternative explanations and implications are discussed.
Cause of death among Americans differs with race and education
Authors: J. Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Black Americans and Americans with a low level of education have long been known to die earlier than white Americans and better educated Americans. But a new study shows that black people and less educated Americans have different causes of death from other people and suggests a change in direction of public health messages. Race and education have “strong, independent effects,” the authors say.

The study used data on almost 700 000 people that were collected in the annual national health interview surveys from 1986 to 1994 and that were then matched with data from death …
Intact IGF-Binding Protein-4 and -5 and Their Respective Fragments Isolated from Chronic Renal Failure Serum Differentially Modulate IGF-I Actions in Cultured Growth Plate Chondrocytes
Authors: DANIELA KIEPE, DENNIS L. ANDRESS, SUBBURAMAN MOHAN, LUDGER STÄNDKER, TIM ULINSKI, RAINER HIMMELE, OTTO MEHLS, BURKHARD TÖNSHOFF
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Impairment of longitudinal growth among children with chronic renal failure (CRF) may be partly attributable to the inhibition of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity by an excess amount of high-affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP). Elevated levels of immunoreactive IGFBP-4 in CRF serum are inversely correlated with the standardized heights of these children, whereas levels of IGFBP-5, which circulates mainly as proteolyzed fragments, are positively correlated with growth parameters. To delineate the respective effects of these IGFBP on growth cartilage, the biologic effects of intact and fragmented forms of IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 on rat growth plate chondrocytes in primary cultures were characterized. Intact IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 and the amino-terminal fragment IGFBP-5(1-169) were recombinant proteins; the carboxy-terminal fragments IGFBP-5(144-252) and IGFBP-4(136-237) and the amino-terminal fragment IGFBP-4(1-122) were purified to homogeneity from CRF hemofiltrates. Intact IGFBP-4 and, to a lesser extent, IGFBP-4(1-122) inhibited IGF-I-induced cell proliferation. In contrast, intact IGFBP-5 was stimulatory in the absence or presence of exogenous IGF-I, whereas the amino-terminal fragment IGFBP-5(1-169) was inhibitory. Studies on the mechanism by which IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 exert opposite effects on chondrocyte proliferation demonstrated that intact IGFBP-4 prevented the binding of (125)I-IGF-I to chondrocytes, whereas intact IGFBP-5 enhanced ligand binding and was able to bind specifically to the cell membrane. These data suggest that intact IGFBP-4 and, to a lesser extent, IGFBP-4(1-122) act exclusively as growth-inhibitory binding proteins in the growth cartilage. IGFBP-5, however, can either stimulate (if it remains intact) or inhibit (if amino-terminal forms predominate) IGF-I-stimulated chondrocyte proliferation.
Sharps disposal: a universal responsibility
Authors: J.I. Blenkharn
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Hussain et al.1 record the unsafe approach to sharps disposal by a patient receiving self‐administered injection therapy and stress the importance of clear and unambiguous instruction for this patient group. Sadly, the situation they report is far from uncommon. Patients may face difficulties with the supply of sharps bins caused by differences in prescribing policy between hospital‐ and community‐based services. Not infrequently this results in the use of ad hoc and generally unsuitable containers for sharps disposal. After use, sharps bins may be returned for disposal to a hospital, a general practitioner’s surgery or a local pharmacy, or may be collected by a Local Authority. In the absence of a coherent national policy for safe sharps disposal, patients are often left to muddle through as best they can. Some patients may resort to overfilling sharps bins while for others, disposing of sharps into the domestic waste stream is an easier although dangerous option.
QUANTITATIVE VARIATIONS IN L CHAIN TYPES IN GUINEA PIG ANTIHAPTEN ANTIBODIES
Authors: Victor Nussenzweig, Baruj Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

In guinea pig purified antihapten antibodies, the proportion of molecules bearing the κ- or λ-type of L chains (K or L molecules) may diverge markedly from that found in normal γ2-globulins. This has been evaluated by precipitation of I131-labeled antibody preparations using a specific anti-λ-chain antiserum. Anti-DNP antibodies isolated 3 wk after immunization of guinea pigs with DNP65-BGG antibodies, contain less than 1% of L molecules, while in pipsyl antibodies, isolated from the sera of animals immunized with pipsyl-BGG, the proportion of L molecules is significantly greater than in normal γ2-globulins. Anti-DNP antibodies produced against conjugates of this hapten with carriers other than BGG (BSA, OVA, or poly-L-lysine) or with BGG with a small number of DNP groups (DNP10-BGG) contained a greater proportion of λ-chain bearing molecules than anti-DNP antibodies isolated from late sera of guinea pigs immunized with highly conjugated DNP65-BGG. An increased percentage of L molecules was detected in preparations of anti-DNP65-BGG antibodies isolated early (10 days), when compared to those isolated later during the course of immunization. However, the level of L molecules in all these anti-DNP antibody preparations was always considerably below that present in normal γ2-globulin. The relative amounts of L molecules in distinct immunoglobulin families (γ1 and γ2) in antibody preparations isolated from individual animals was remarkably similar.
Frequency of eating and concentrations of serum cholesterol in the Norfolk population of the European prospective investigation into cancer (EPIC-Norfolk): cross sectional study
Authors: S. M O Titan, S. Bingham, A. Welch, R. Luben, S. Oakes, N. Day, K.-T. Khaw
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine the relation between self reported eating frequency and serum lipid concentrations in a free living population. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional population based study. <b>Setting:</b> Norfolk, England. <b>Participants:</b> 14 666 men and women aged 45–75 years from the Norfolk cohort of the European prospective investigation into cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Concentrations of blood lipids. <b>Results:</b> Mean concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in a continuous relation with increasing daily frequency of eating in men and women. No consistent relation was observed for high density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, or blood pressure. Mean cholesterol concentrations differed by about 0.25 mmol/l between people eating more than six times a day and those eating once or twice daily; this difference was reduced to 0.15 mmol/l after adjustment for possible confounding variables, including age, obesity, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and intake of energy and nutrients (alcohol, fat, fatty acids, protein, and carbohydrate). <b>Conclusions:</b> Concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are negatively and consistently associated with frequency of eating in a general population. The effects of eating frequency on lipid concentrations induced in short term trials in animals and human volunteers under controlled laboratory conditions can be observed in a free living general population. We need to consider not just what we eat but how often we eat. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Studies in animals and small human trials indicate that eating frequency is inversely related to serum lipid concentrations Few studies have examined this in a free living population under no dietary restrictions <h3>What this study adds</h3> In a free living population increased eating frequency was negatively and significantly associated with concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol This association was still present after adjustment for body mass index, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and dietary intake Mean age adjusted cholesterol concentrations differed by 0.25 mmol/l between people eating more than six times a day and those eating less than twice daily
When is it not ethical to withhold treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Yusuf Yazici
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

I read with interest the study by Takeuchi et al 1 looking at the role of monotherapy golimumab in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, who had active disease despite disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. Inclusion criteria for the study stipulated that patients have two out of three criteria which were elevated inflammatory markers, erosions on radiograph or positive serology, in addition to more than six swollen and tender joints despite DMARD therapy for at least 3 months. They had mean disease duration of close to 9 years and mean swollen and tender joint counts of roughly 16 and 13. They were then randomised to placebo, golimumab 50 or golimumab 100 mg injections. Primary efficacy outcome was at 14 weeks, as the authors state “due to ethical concerns about the potential for an inadequate response to placebo”. At 14 weeks, both golimumab doses showed better efficacy than placebo. In the Introduction section, the justification for looking into monotherapy was explained as “some patients cannot …
Bottlenecks, barriers, and solutions: results from multicountry consultations focused on reduction of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea deaths
Authors: Christopher J Gill, Mark Young, Kate Schroder, Liliana Carvajal-Velez, Marion McNabb, Samira Aboubaker, Shamim Qazi, Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Abstract SY29-02: Pathway analysis of cancer GWAS data using ALIGATOR
Authors: Peter Holmans
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Although genome-wide studies of complex traits have had some success, there have as yet been relatively few robustly replicated associations, and the effect sizes associated with individual genes tend to be small. One explanation for the small effect sizes observed in complex traits is allelic heterogeneity – that is, affected individuals may possess disease susceptibility alleles in different genes. If the susceptibility genes act together in a biological pathway, then a joint analysis of the set of genes in that pathway may increase power to detect association, and improve reproducibility across studies. The statistical issues involved in pathway analyses of genome-wide association data will be discussed, including the selection of pathways to be analysed, multiple testing correction for multiple nonindependent pathways, allowing for variable gene size and correlated observations within and between genes. Often, individual genotype data is not available, so the performance of methods that use summary data, such as ALIGATOR (Holmans et al. 2009) is of interest. As a practical illustration of the utility of pathway analysis methods, ALIGATOR results from genome-wide association studies of a number of publicly available cancer datasets, including breast, prostate, and lung cancer, will be presented. These will be used to identify pathways common across different cancers, and those that differentiate between them. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY29-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY29-02
Management of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis
Authors: Elena Figuero, Filippo Graziani, Ignacio Sanz, David Herrera, Mariano Sanz
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract Peri‐implant diseases are defined as inflammatory lesions of the surrounding peri‐implant tissues and include peri‐implant mucositis (an inflammatory lesion limited to the surrounding mucosa of an implant) and peri‐implantitis (an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa that affects the supporting bone with resulting loss of osseointegration). This review aims to describe the different approaches to manage both entities and to provide a critical evaluation of the evidence available on their efficacy. Therapy of peri‐implant mucositis and nonsurgical therapy of peri‐implantitis usually involve mechanical debridement of the implant surface using curettes, ultrasonic devices, air‐abrasive devices or lasers, with or without the adjunctive use of local antibiotics or antiseptics. The efficacy of these therapies has been demonstrated for mucositis: controlled clinical trials show an improvement in clinical parameters, especially in bleeding on probing. For peri‐implantitis, the results are limited, especially in terms of probing pocket‐depth reduction. Surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis is indicated when nonsurgical therapy fails to control the inflammatory changes. Selection of the surgical technique should be based on the characteristics of the peri‐implant lesion. In the presence of deep circumferential and intrabony defects, surgical interventions should aim to provide thorough debridement, implant‐surface decontamination and defect reconstruction. In the presence of defects without clear bony walls or with a predominant suprabony component, the aim of the surgical intervention should be the thorough debridement and the repositioning of the marginal mucosa to enable the patient to perform effective oral‐hygiene practices, although this aim may compromise the esthetic result of the implant‐supported restoration.
Essential cryoglobulinaemia (type 1) in three patients characterised by Raynaud's phenomenon, arthralgia-arthritis, and skin lesions
Authors: J G den Hollander
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

The relevance of monoclonal gammopathy in relation to rheumatic disorders has recently been reviewed.1 Monoclonal gammopathy or paraproteins can be detected in healthy adults and in different disease entities like amyloidosis, malignant proliferative disorders,2 associated with hepatitis C infections,3 and rheumatic diseases.4 The overall incidence of paraproteins in adults is about 1%.5 This incidence is higher in people over 70 and increases with age.6 When a paraprotein is detected and no underlying disease is present, the condition is referred to as a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

Owing to their immunochemical properties, paraproteins can be precipitated by lowering the temperature below 37°C. In this way they form an essential part of the so-called cryoglobulins. When cryoglobulins are detected in the serum of a patient, this finding is usually associated with the coexistence of paraproteins. Recently, three patients with a clinical picture of a necrotising vasculitis associated with an essential cryoglobulinaemia (type 1) were admitted to our department. The causative relationship between the cryoglobulinaemia and the clinical symptoms was shown by the reduced severity of the …
Control of the B Cell-Intrinsic Tolerance Programs by Ubiquitin Ligases Cbl and Cbl-b
Authors: Yasuyuki Kitaura, Ihn Kyung Jang, Yan Wang, Yoon-Chi Han, Tetsuya Inazu, Emily J. Cadera, Mark Schlissel, Richard R. Hardy, Hua Gu
Journal: Immunity (2007)
Lower Glucose Variability and Hypoglycemia Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Novel Long-Acting Insulin LY2605541 Versus Insulin Glargine
Authors: Richard M. Bergenstal, Julio Rosenstock, Edward J. Bastyr, Melvin J. Prince, Yongming Qu, Scott J. Jacober
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to evaluate the impact of the novel, long-acting basal insulin analog LY2605541 on hypoglycemia and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.Hypoglycemia and glucose variability were assessed with CGM of interstitial glucose (IG) in a subset of patients with type 2 diabetes from a phase II, randomized, open-label, parallel study of LY2605541 (n = 51) or insulin glargine (GL) (n = 25). CGM was conducted on 3 consecutive days (72-84 h) during the week before week 0, 6, and 12 study visits.Measured by CGM for 3 days prior to the 12-week visit, fewer LY2605541-treated patients experienced hypoglycemic events overall (50.0 vs. 78.3%, P = 0.036) and nocturnally (20.5 vs. 47.8%, P = 0.027) and spent less time with IG ≤70 mg/dL than GL-treated patients during the 24-h (25 ± 6 vs. 83 ± 16 min, P = 0.012) and nocturnal periods (11 ± 5 vs. 38 ± 13 min, P = 0.024). These observations were detected without associated differences in the average duration of individual hypoglycemic episodes (LY2605541 compared with GL 57.2 ± 5.4 vs. 69.9 ± 10.2 min per episode, P = NS). Additionally, LY2605541-treated patients had lower within-day glucose SD for both 24-h and nocturnal periods.By CGM, LY2605541 treatment compared with GL resulted in fewer patients with hypoglycemic events and less time in the hypoglycemic range and was not associated with protracted hypoglycemia.
Cognitive constraints on reciprocity and tolerated scrounging
Authors: Jeffrey R. Stevens, Fiery A. Cushman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Each of the food-sharing models that Gurven considers demands unique cognitive capacities. Reciprocal altruism, in particular, requires a suite of complex abilities not required by alternatives such as tolerated scrounging. Integrating cognitive constraints with comparative data from other species can illuminate the adaptive benefits of food sharing in humans.