tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Role of Estrogens in Control of Energy Balance and Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Deborah J. Clegg, Andrea L. Hevener
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2013)

Estrogens play a fundamental role in the physiology of the reproductive, cardiovascular, skeletal, and central nervous systems. In this report, we review the literature in both rodents and humans on the role of estrogens and their receptors in the control of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism in health and metabolic diseases. Estrogen actions in hypothalamic nuclei differentially control food intake, energy expenditure, and white adipose tissue distribution. Estrogen actions in skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and immune cells are involved in insulin sensitivity as well as prevention of lipid accumulation and inflammation. Estrogen actions in pancreatic islet β-cells also regulate insulin secretion, nutrient homeostasis, and survival. Estrogen deficiency promotes metabolic dysfunction predisposing to obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. We also discuss the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators on metabolic disorders.
Validation of Remission Criteria for Schizophrenia
Authors: Jim van Os, Marjan Drukker, Joost à Campo, Jaap Meijer, M Bak, Philippe Delespaul
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Remission criteria for schizophrenia have been proposed, consisting of a time criterion and a symptomatic remission criterion. With longitudinal data of a representative patient group (N=317; median follow-up: 1,132 days), validity of the symptomatic remission criterion was investigated. Method: In a group of 145 patients meeting the symptomatic remission criterion at baseline and a group of 172 patients not meeting it at baseline, change over time in remission status was examined in relation to change in various functional outcomes. Results: In both groups, change over time with the symptomatic remission criterion was associated with substantial changes in unmet needs, Global Assessment of Functioning scale scores, satisfaction with services and, to a lesser extent, quality of life. Changing the symptomatic remission criterion to include depression and suicidality did not affect the results. Conclusions: The proposed symptomatic remission criterion has clinical validity and represents the right balance between parsimony and inclusiveness.
Cardiac Interbeat Interval Dynamics From Childhood to Senescence
Authors: Sirkku M. Pikkujämsä, Timo H. Mäkikallio, Leif B. Sourander, Ismo J. Räihä, Pauli Puukka, Jarmo Skyttä, Chung-Kang Peng, Ary L. Goldberger, Heikki V. Huikuri
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —New methods of R-R interval variability based on fractal scaling and nonlinear dynamics (“chaos theory”) may give new insights into heart rate dynamics. The aims of this study were to (1) systematically characterize and quantify the effects of aging from early childhood to advanced age on 24-hour heart rate dynamics in healthy subjects; (2) compare age-related changes in conventional time- and frequency-domain measures with changes in newly derived measures based on fractal scaling and complexity (chaos) theory; and (3) further test the hypothesis that there is loss of complexity and altered fractal scaling of heart rate dynamics with advanced age. Methods and Results —The relationship between age and cardiac interbeat (R-R) interval dynamics from childhood to senescence was studied in 114 healthy subjects (age range, 1 to 82 years) by measurement of the slope, β, of the power-law regression line (log power−log frequency) of R-R interval variability (10 −4 to 10 −2 Hz), approximate entropy (ApEn), short-term (α 1 ) and intermediate-term (α 2 ) fractal scaling exponents obtained by detrended fluctuation analysis, and traditional time- and frequency-domain measures from 24-hour ECG recordings. Compared with young adults (&lt;40 years old, n=29), children (&lt;15 years old, n=27) showed similar complexity (ApEn) and fractal correlation properties (α 1 , α 2 , β) of R-R interval dynamics despite lower spectral and time-domain measures. Progressive loss of complexity (decreased ApEn, r =−0.69, P &lt;0.001) and alterations of long-term fractal-like heart rate behavior (increased α 2 , r =0.63, decreased β, r =−0.60, P &lt;0.001 for both) were observed thereafter from middle age (40 to 60 years, n=29) to old age (&gt;60 years, n=29). Conclusions —Cardiac interbeat interval dynamics change markedly from childhood to old age in healthy subjects. Children show complexity and fractal correlation properties of R-R interval time series comparable to those of young adults, despite lower overall heart rate variability. Healthy aging is associated with R-R interval dynamics showing higher regularity and altered fractal scaling consistent with a loss of complex variability.
Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data
Authors: Mika Kivimäki, Solja T Nyberg, G David Batty, Eleonor I Fransson, Katriina Heikkilä, Lars Alfredsson, Jakob B Bjorner, Marianne Borritz, Hermann Burr, Annalisa Casini, Els Clays, Dirk De Bacquer, Nico Dragano, Jane E Ferrie, Goedele A Geuskens, Marcel Goldberg, Mark Hamer, Wendela E Hooftman, Irene L Houtman, Matti Joensuu, Markus Jokela, France Kittel, Anders Knutsson, Markku Koskenvuo, Aki Koskinen, Anne Kouvonen, Meena Kumari, Ida EH Madsen, Michael G Marmot, Martin L Nielsen, Maria Nordin, Tuula Oksanen, Jaana Pentti, Reiner Rugulies, Paula Salo, Johannes Siegrist, Archana Singh-Manoux, Sakari B Suominen, Ari Väänänen, Jussi Vahtera, Marianna Virtanen, Peter JM Westerholm, Hugo Westerlund, Marie Zins, Andrew Steptoe, Töres Theorell
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
AML1/ETO Proteins Control POU4F1/BRN3A Expression and Function in t(8;21) Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Jenny Dunne, Duncan M. Gascoyne, T. Andrew Lister, Hugh J.M. Brady, Olaf Heidenreich, Bryan D. Young
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A variety of genetic lesions, including chromosomal translocations, internal tandem duplications, and mutations, have been described in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Expression profiling has shown that chromosomal translocations, in particular, are associated with distinctive patterns of gene expression. AML exhibiting the translocation t(8;21), which fuses the AML1 and ETO genes, has such a characteristic expression profile. One gene whose expression is highly correlated with the presence of the AML1/ETO fusion is POU4F1, which encodes the POU homeodomain transcription factor BRN3A. Here we show using specific siRNA in t(8;21) cells and overexpression studies in progenitor cells that AML1/ETO promotes expression of POU4F1/BRN3A. This effect requires DNA-binding function of AML1/ETO, and accordingly, AML1/ETO is bound to the POU4F1 locus in t(8;21) cells. Functionally, whereas overexpression of Brn3a in murine hematopoietic progenitor cells induces terminal myeloid differentiation, coexpression of AML1/ETO or AML1/ETO9a blocks this effect. Furthermore, Brn3a reduction by shRNA impairs AML1/ETO-induced immortalization of murine progenitors. In summary, we identify POU4F1/BRN3A as a novel potential upregulated AML1/ETO target gene whose dramatically high expression may cooperate with AML1/ETO in t(8;21) cells. Cancer Res; 70(10); 3985–95. ©2010 AACR.
Re-think first-line tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Jakko van Ingen, Richard M. Anthony
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

In the June issue of the European Respiratory Journal ( ERJ ), A. Skrahina and co-workers reported alarming rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Minsk, Belarus. In their survey, they diagnosed MDR-TB in 35.3% of new patients and 76.5% of previously treated patients [1]. The reflex response to such figures is to strengthen classical infection control activities, to intensify case detection, and to strengthen adherence to and rational use of the first-line antituberculosis regimen. Unfortunately, with the MDR-TB rates now emerging from Eastern Europe and Central Asia, it is questionable how appropriate the current first-line regimen and its rigid use in newly diagnosed cases are in that setting. Is it not time to consider an entirely …
Infanticide in a Case of Folie à Deux
Authors: Tahir Rahman, Karrisa A. Grellner, Bruce Harry, Niels Beck, John Lauriello
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

We report a case of infanticide of a 4-month-old infant boy by starvation and dehydration.The parents were both charged with murder.The mother suffered from schizoaffective disorder, and the father was diagnosed with shared psychotic disorder (folie à deux) by forensic assessment (T.R.).We describe the couple's history, including a summary of their delusional beliefs, based on police reports, interrogation videos, an autopsy report, psychological tests, and interviews with several family members.
Unequal decrease in bone density of lumbar spine and ultradistal radius in Colles' and vertebral fracture syndromes.
Authors: R Eastell, H W Wahner, W M O'Fallon, P C Amadio, L J Melton, B L Riggs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We measured bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (LS-BMD) and ultradistal radius (UDR-BMD) in 42 postmenopausal normal women and in 108 postmenopausal osteoporotic women (55 with vertebral fracture, 34 with Colles' fracture, and 19 with both fractures). By receiver operating characteristic analysis, LS-BMD was better than UDR-BMD (P less than 0.01) as an indicator of vertebral fracture; the converse was true for Colles' fracture (P less than 0.01). Although UDR-BMD and LS-BMD were lower in each of the three fracture groups than in controls (P less than 0.01), the pattern of bone loss differed (P less than 0.001, analysis of variance): with vertebral fracture, LS-BMD decreased relatively more than UDR-BMD; with Colles' fracture, UDR-BMD decreased relatively more than LS-BMD; and with both fractures, decreases in LS-BMD and UDR-BMD were similar. We conclude that both types of fracture are caused by excessive bone loss but the difference in bone loss at the two sites is a major factor in determining which will fracture.
Underlying molecular mechanisms of<i>DIO2</i>susceptibility in symptomatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Nils Bomer, Wouter den Hollander, Yolande F M Ramos, Steffan D Bos, Ruud van der Breggen, Nico Lakenberg, Barry A Pepers, Annelies E van Eeden, Arash Darvishan, Elmar W Tobi, Bouke J Duijnisveld, Erik B van den Akker, Bastiaan T Heijmans, Willeke MC van Roon-Mom, Fons J Verbeek, Gerjo J V M van Osch, Rob G H H Nelissen, P Eline Slagboom, Ingrid Meulenbelt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate how the genetic susceptibility gene <i>DIO2</i> confers risk to osteoarthritis (OA) onset in humans and to explore whether counteracting the deleterious effect could contribute to novel therapeutic approaches. <h3>Methods</h3> Epigenetically regulated expression of <i>DIO2</i> was explored by assessing methylation of positional CpG-dinucleotides and the respective <i>DIO2</i> expression in OA-affected and macroscopically preserved articular cartilage from end-stage OA patients. In a human in vitro chondrogenesis model, we measured the effects when thyroid signalling during culturing was either enhanced (excess T3 or lentiviral induced <i>DIO2</i> overexpression) or decreased (iopanoic acid). <h3>Results</h3> OA-related changes in methylation at a specific CpG dinucleotide upstream of <i>DIO2</i> caused significant upregulation of its expression (β=4.96; p=0.0016). This effect was enhanced and appeared driven specifically by <i>DIO2</i> rs225014 risk allele carriers (β=5.58, p=0.0006). During in vitro chondrogenesis, <i>DIO2</i> overexpression resulted in a significant reduced capacity of chondrocytes to deposit extracellular matrix (ECM) components, concurrent with significant induction of ECM degrading enzymes (ADAMTS5, MMP13) and markers of mineralisation (ALPL, COL1A1). Given their concurrent and significant upregulation of expression, this process is likely mediated via HIF-2α/RUNX2 signalling. In contrast, we showed that inhibiting deiodinases during in vitro chondrogenesis contributed to prolonged cartilage homeostasis as reflected by significant increased deposition of ECM components and attenuated upregulation of matrix degrading enzymes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings show how genetic variation at <i>DIO2</i> could confer risk to OA and raised the possibility that counteracting thyroid signalling may be a novel therapeutic approach.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Suicide Attempts in Mood Disorder Patients
Authors: Roy H. Perlis, Jie Huang, Shaun Purcell, Maurizio Fava, A. John Rush, Patrick F. Sullivan, Steven P. Hamilton, Francis J. McMahon, Thomas Schulze, James B. Potash, Peter P. Zandi, Virginia L. Willour, Brenda W. Penninx, Dorret I. Boomsma, Nicole Vogelzangs, Christel M. Middeldorp, Marcella Rietschel, Markus Nöthen, Sven Cichon, Hugh Gurling, Nick Bass, Andrew McQuillin, Marian Hamshere, Nick Craddock, Pamela Sklar, Jordan W. Smoller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Family and twin studies suggest that liability for suicide attempts is heritable and distinct from mood disorder susceptibility. The authors therefore examined the association between common genomewide variation and lifetime suicide attempts.
Examination of <i>IGF2</i> and <i>H19</i> Loss of Imprinting in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hyang-Min Byun, Hui-Lee Wong, Elliott Aaron Birnstein, Erika M. Wolff, Gangning Liang, Allen S. Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Loss of imprinting (LOI) is a common epigenetic event in cancer and may serve as an early biomarker in some cancers. To obtain a better understanding of LOI, we studied 41 bladder tumors and their adjacent normal bladder mucosa. We found 2/9 (22.2%) cases that displayed LOI of IGF2 and 2/16 (12.5%) that had LOI of H19, as determined by the evaluation of mRNA for biallelic expression. In addition, we examined allele-specific methylation of the differentially methylated regions (DMR) of IGF2 and H19 using a new allele-specific pyrosequencing assay. We found that DNA methylation changes were a common finding (21/30, 70%) in the DMR regions, but could not clearly link DNA methylation changes with LOI as measured by biallelic expression. LOI and allele-specific DNA methylation changes are present in bladder cancer; however, a better understanding of the biology of LOI and its relationship to DNA methylation changes is needed before its use as an epigenetic biomarker. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10753–8]
Effect of glyceryl trinitrate on distensibility of peripheral muscular arteries in humans is not mediated by prostaglandins
Authors: R. Migliacci, G. Busti, F. Flamini, M. Marini, C. Santucci, G. G. Nenci, P. Gresele
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Effect of glyceryl trinitrate on distensibility of peripheral muscular arteries in humans is not mediated by prostaglandins Get access Rino Migliacci, Rino Migliacci Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, University of Perugia, via Enrico dal Pozzo, I-06100 Perugia, Italy Correspondence to: Dr Gresele Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Giuseppe Busti, Giuseppe Busti Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, University of Perugia, via Enrico dal Pozzo, I-06100 Perugia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Flaminio Flamini, Flaminio Flamini Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, University of Perugia, via Enrico dal Pozzo, I-06100 Perugia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marino Marini, Marino Marini Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, University of Perugia, via Enrico dal Pozzo, I-06100 Perugia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carla Santucci, Carla Santucci Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, University of Perugia, via Enrico dal Pozzo, I-06100 Perugia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Giuseppe Giorgio Nenci, Giuseppe Giorgio Nenci Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, University of Perugia, via Enrico dal Pozzo, I-06100 Perugia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paolo Gresele Paolo Gresele Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, University of Perugia, via Enrico dal Pozzo, I-06100 Perugia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 8, August 1991, Pages 692–699, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.8.692 Published: 01 August 1991 Article history Received: 17 September 1990 Accepted: 12 April 1991 Published: 01 August 1991
A CALCULUS IN AN ECTOPIC KIDNEY
Authors: J. L. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1931)

Of the conditions which may give rise to an acute abdomen, a perforative diverticulitis of the colon is com- paratively rare, and it is still rarer for the diagnosis to be made with any degree of confidence.Such a case diagnosed correctly oIn clinical grounds was described by Sir I. de C. Wheeler in the British Medical Joulrnial of January 4th, 1930.Recently it was possible for me to recognize a case of perforative diverticulitis with tolerable certainty, as a few days after I had diagnosed diverticulitis with the aid of a barium enema, the patient developed an acute abdomen.The patient, a Norwegian air pilot, aged 40, came to see me on December 29th, 1930.He kad had some pain in the lower abdomen for teni days previously.For the first eight days the pain was not bad, but for the last tw!o days it was very severe and kept him axvake all night.It came in spasms, some of them being St severe as to double him up anid make him shout.The pain was Inot related to food, yet he was afraid to eat lest it came on again.His appetite 'was very good, and he felt quite comfortable in the intervals between the attacks.Ile hadl had similar pains about oie year previously in Norway, but was put on a " diet," and had then no further trouble.D)uring the attacks he found it painful to urinate.Ile had frequency of micturition by day, and at night waked once or twvice.He was also somewhat constipated.. His tongue wvas furred, and there was definite teniderness in the lower abdomen, in botlh iliac fossae, anid in the middle line.The liver and spleen wvere not palpable.He had large external haemorrhoids.
Are immunoglobulin E levels associated with early wheezing? A prospective study in Brazilian infants
Authors: N. Lopez, S. de Barros-Mazon, M. Marluce dos Santos Vilela, A. Condino Neto, J.D. Ribeiro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The relationship between wheezing or asthma and serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels in early life is unclear. The aim of this study was to follow-up the IgE immune response in infants that did, or did not, develop recurrent wheezing during their first year of life. One-hundred and two randomised term neonates were included, in which IgE levels were quantified in cord blood samples, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Specific IgE levels for food and inhalant allergens and the skin-prick test for inhalant allergens were also assessed at 6 and 12 months. During clinical follow-up, 32 (31%) infants presented with two or more wheezing episodes, while 70 (69%) had no wheezing. Total IgE levels were significantly higher up to 12 months in wheezing infants when compared to nonwheezing group. At 12 months, the specific IgE levels to cow's milk, egg white and mites were higher in infants with recurrent wheezing. There was no influence of family history for atopy on IgE levels. The skin-prick tests were positive in 14% and 23% in wheezing infants at 6 and 12 months, respectively. These results indicate an early allergic sensitisation in wheezing infants, suggesting an altered immunoregulatory T-cell role in immunoglobulin E production.
Impact of common risk factors of fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: S Rüeger, P-Y Bochud, J-F Dufour, B Müllhaupt, D Semela, M H Heim, D Moradpour, A Cerny, R Malinverni, D R Booth, V Suppiah, J George, L Argiro, P Halfon, M Bourlière, A H Talal, I M Jacobson, E Patin, B Nalpas, T Poynard, S Pol, L Abel, Z Kutalik, F Negro
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> The natural course of chronic hepatitis C varies widely. To improve the profiling of patients at risk of developing advanced liver disease, we assessed the relative contribution of factors for liver fibrosis progression in hepatitis C. <h3>Design</h3> We analysed 1461 patients with chronic hepatitis C with an estimated date of infection and at least one liver biopsy. Risk factors for accelerated fibrosis progression rate (FPR), defined as ≥0.13 Metavir fibrosis units per year, were identified by logistic regression. Examined factors included age at infection, sex, route of infection, HCV genotype, body mass index (BMI), significant alcohol drinking (≥20 g/day for ≥5 years), HIV coinfection and diabetes. In a subgroup of 575 patients, we assessed the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with fibrosis progression in genome-wide association studies. Results were expressed as attributable fraction (AF) of risk for accelerated FPR. <h3>Results</h3> Age at infection (AF 28.7%), sex (AF 8.2%), route of infection (AF 16.5%) and HCV genotype (AF 7.9%) contributed to accelerated FPR in the Swiss Hepatitis C Cohort Study, whereas significant alcohol drinking, anti-HIV, diabetes and BMI did not. In genotyped patients, variants at <i>rs9380516</i> (<i>TULP1</i>), <i>rs738409</i> (<i>PNPLA3</i>), <i>rs4374383</i> (<i>MERTK</i>) (AF 19.2%) and <i>rs910049</i> (major histocompatibility complex region) significantly added to the risk of accelerated FPR. Results were replicated in three additional independent cohorts, and a meta-analysis confirmed the role of age at infection, sex, route of infection, HCV genotype, <i>rs738409, rs4374383</i> and <i>rs910049</i> in accelerating FPR. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Most factors accelerating liver fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C are unmodifiable.
CHLAMYDIA TWAR AND ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: JanP. Vandenbroucke, M. Koskenvuo, K. Romanov, P. Saikku, K. Mattila, M.S. Nieminen, J.K. Huttunen, M. Leinonen, M.R. Ekman, P.H. Mäkelä, V. Valtonen
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
PDX1 homeobox protein expression in pseudopyloric glands and gastric carcinomas
Authors: H Sakai
Journal: Gut (2004)

Although it has been reported that intestinal metaplasia implicated in gastric carcinogenesis is induced by the ParaHox gene CDX2, it is unclear which genes are responsible for the formation of pseudopyloric glands and whether they play a role in gastric carcinogenesis. Pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) is also a ParaHox gene which contributes to the genesis and development of the pancreas, duodenum, and antrum. To clarify its significance for the formation of pseudopyloric glands and gastric carcinogenesis, we investigated expression of PDX1 and mucin in gastric carcinomas and surrounding mucosa.Gastric carcinoma tissues from 95 patients were used for immunohistochemical analyses of PDX1, and mucins MUC6 and MUC5AC.PDX1 was found to be frequently expressed in pseudopyloric glands and intestinal metaplasia. MUC6 was more abundant than MUC5AC in pseudopyloric glands while higher levels of MUC5AC than MUC6 were evident in intestinal metaplasia. The frequency of PDX1 positive reactivity was higher in differentiated type carcinomas (39/43, 90.7%) and T1 carcinomas (42/43, 97.7%) than in undifferentiated type (33/52, 63.5%) and T2-4 (30/52, 57.7%) carcinomas. PDX1 and MUC6 double positive expression was observed in carcinomas, respectively, including the corpus, and also correlated with histological type and depth of invasion. In contrast, no link was apparent between PDX1 and MUC5AC double positive reactivity and histological type.Our study suggests that PDX1 plays an important role in the development of pseudopyloric glands, and that pseudopyloric glands may reflect a condition associated with gastric carcinogenesis.