tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13055: Invasive Coronary Procedure Use and Outcomes among Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Insights from the VA CART Program
Authors: Steven M Bradley, Maggie A Stanislawski, David B Bekelman, Lindsey L Monteith, Beth E Cohen, Stephen C Hunt, Debra Milek, John H Schilling, Thomas M Maddox, P. Michael Ho, Supriya Shore, Paul D Varosy, John S Rumsfeld
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Studies suggest post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased risk of incident coronary disease. However, among patients undergoing invasive coronary procedures, it...
Comparison of Fluorescence and Photodynamic Activities of Whole Hematoporphyrin Derivative and Its Enriched Active Components&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J S Nelson, W H Wright, M W Berns
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

The in vivo biologic activities of the hematoporphyrin derivative (Photofrin) and the enriched, so-called “active fraction” (Photofrin II) were determined by measuring the necrosis produced in implanted tumors in DBA/2Ha mice exposed to various total doses of light (20–100 J/cm2) after ip administration of 10 mg/kg standard doses of either Photofrin or Photofrin II. Total relative percentage increase in fluorescence in tumor tissue, as compared to fluorescence in control tissue, also was measured for both Photofrin and Photofrin II. In response to total light doses (630 nm) of 40–100 J/cm2, mice that received Photofrin had comparable amounts of tumor necrosis to those mice that received Photofrin II. At doses of 40–60 J/cm2, 80% tumor destruction resulted, and at 80–100 J/cm2, tumor destruction was 100%. However, at a total light dose of 20 J/cm2, the tumors that received Photofrin II exhibited 60–80% tumor necrosis, whereas those animals that received Photofrin had only small areas of patchy necrosis associated with signs of vascular thrombosis and hemorrhage into the surrounding perivascular stroma. A 25.2% total increase in maximal tissue fluorescence over that in controls was observed for animals that received Photofrin II, as compared to 13.9% for those animals that received Photofrin. It is concluded that the greater demonstrable efficacy of treatment with Photofrin II, as compared to treatment with Photofrin, is due to enrichment of those nonpolar hydrophobic components of the hematoporphyrin derivative mixture that are thought to be primarily responsible for the in vivo biologic activities.
Destruction of Opportunistic Pathogens via Polymer Nanoparticle‐Mediated Release of Plant‐Based Antimicrobial Payloads
Authors: Dahlia N. Amato, Douglas V. Amato, Olga V. Mavrodi, Dwaine A. Braasch, Susan E. Walley, Jessica R. Douglas, Dmitri V. Mavrodi, Derek L. Patton
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

The synthesis of antimicrobial thymol/carvacrol-loaded polythioether nanoparticles (NPs) via a one-pot, solvent-free miniemulsion thiol-ene photopolymerization process is reported. The active antimicrobial agents, thymol and carvacrol, are employed as "solvents" for the thiol-ene monomer phase in the miniemulsion to enable facile high capacity loading (≈50% w/w), excellent encapsulation efficiencies (>95%), and elimination of all postpolymerization purification processes. The NPs serve as high capacity reservoirs for slow-release and delivery of thymol/carvacrol-combination payloads that exhibit inhibitory and bactericidal activity (>99.9% kill efficiency at 24 h) against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including both saprophytic (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) and pathogenic species (E. coli ATCC 43895, Staphylococcus aureus RN6390, and Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2). This report is among the first to demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy of essential oil-loaded nanoparticles against B. cenocepacia - an innately resistant opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with debilitating respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis. Although a model platform, these results point to promising pathways to particle-based delivery of plant-derived extracts for a range of antimicrobial applications, including active packaging materials, topical antiseptics, and innovative therapeutics.
Improving detection methods for <i>PIK3CA</i> mutations in breast cancer using peripheral blood from patients with metastastic breast cancer (MBC).
Authors: M. J. Higgins, D. Jelovac, E. Barnathan, B. Blair, S. Slater, P. Powers, J. Zorzi, S. C. Jeter, G. R. Oliver, F. Diehl, P. Angenendt, P. Huang, P. Argani, K. Murphy, A. C. Wolff, B. H. Park
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

10512 Background: Mutations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the p110α subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), are found in approx. 25% of breast cancers. Mutations are most commonly located on one of 3 hotspot locations on exons 9 and 20 of the gene. Inhibitors of PI3K are in clinical trials and expected to be of most therapeutic benefit among tumors that possess a somatic PIK3CA mutation. Traditional screening for such mutations relies on sequencing of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue. This prospective study was performed to evaluate the concordance of ‘BEAMing’ (named after the components of the method, namely beads, emulsification, amplification and magnetics) for somatic PIK3CA mutations using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) extracted from peripheral blood, compared to detection of mutations via sequencing of FFPE tissue. Methods: CtDNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 60 women with MBC and screened for the presence of a PIK3CA mutation using the BEAMing method. Tumor DNA was purified from corresponding archival patient tumor tissue and sent for sequencing of the same mutations. Primary Endpoint: concordance of PIK3CA mutational status by both methods. Results: CtDNA was successfully extracted from 60/60 patient blood samples. Adequate FFPE tissue was available from 51/60 patients. A PIK3CA mutation was detected in ctDNA of 19/60 samples, and by sequencing of FFPE tumor tissue in 14/51 samples. Among the 51 cases with matched BEAMing from blood, and sequencing from archival tumor tissue results available, concordance (mutation not detected in either sample, or same mutation detected in ctDNA and tissue) was 76.5% (39/51). Patient characteristics, prevalence of each hotspot mutation and details of discordance will be presented. Conclusions: Analysis of circulating tumor DNA for the non-invasive detection of PIK3CA mutations in patients with MBC is feasible and sensitive. Discordance may relate to change in PIK3CA status between primary and metastatic disease, emphasizing the necessity of assessing the PIK3CA status in the metastatic setting for selection of appropriate patients for clinical trials of PI3K pathway targeting agents.
Commentary on Eagle and Foley: “Cytotoxicity in Human Cell Cultures”
Authors: Michael B. Sporn
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

See related article by Eagle and Foley, [Cancer Res 1958;18:1017–25][1] .

Visit the Cancer Research 75th Anniversary [timeline][2].

From a contemporary perspective in 2016, it is difficult to realize that not very long ago, the prevailing primary screen for testing new anticancer drugs was the
Role of the Pituitary in &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-2-Fluorenyldiacetamide Carcinogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. A. O'Neal, Howard E. Hoffman, B. G. Dodge, A. C. Griffin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

It was demonstrated that hypophysectomy effectively prevented liver-tumor formation in male rats fed diets containing N-2-fluorenyldiacetamide (N-2-FdiAA). This prevention could not be reversed by administration of ACTH and insulin as occurs in azo-dye carcinogenesis. Hypophysectomy also inhibited ear-duct tumor formation in the N-2-FdiAA-treated animals. However, these rats developed a high incidence of tumors of harderian-gland origin. From evidence reported here, and from the results of other investigators, it is probable that fluorenamine carcinogenesis and azo-dye carcinogenesis may each be associated with different pituitary functions.
New concept of traction force applied to biliary self-expandable metallic stents
Authors: Yasuki Hori, Kazuki Hayashi, Michihiro Yoshida, Itaru Naitoh, Takahiro Nakazawa, Katsuyuki Miyabe, Shuya Shimizu, Hiromu Kondo, Yuji Nishi, Shuichiro Umemura, Akihisa Kato, Hirotaka Ohara, Takashi Joh
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

<b>Background and study aims</b>: Various mechanical properties of self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) have been reported. They can be classified into the device behavior during and after deployment. While there have been several reports on the latter, information on the former is insufficient. During deployment, the position is maintained by retracting the delivery catheter. We propose that this pulling force be called the traction force and that the magnitude of traction force is termed the traction momentum. The aim of this study was to measure these parameters in order to clarify the properties of SEMSs in terms of their deployment. <b>Material and methods</b>: The traction force, traction momentum, and shortening rate of 10 different SEMSs were measured. Traction force was measured using in-house equipment, and the shortening rate was determined by measuring the stents. <b>Results</b>: The shortening rate was closely related to the stent structure. The traction force varied between 1.5 N and 9.4 N, and the traction momentum was significantly elevated in covered and braided stents. A high traction force did not imply a high traction momentum. <b>Conclusions</b>: A low or constant traction force and a minimal shortening rate significantly facilitated SEMS deployment to optimal positions. Traction force could be an important element for new ideal SEMS design.
Breastfeeding and Disease-Modifying Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Aditya Choudhary, Wilson Pulikottil Vinny
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

To the Editor In their article, “Exclusive breastfeeding and the effect on postpartum multiple sclerosis relapses,” Hellwig et al1 reiterated the beneficial effects of exclusive breastfeeding on women with multiple sclerosis.
Commuting mode and pulmonary function in Shanghai, China
Authors: Adam W. Gaffney, Jing-qing Hang, Mi-Sun Lee, Li Su, Feng-ying Zhang, David C. Christiani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Exposure to air pollution can be particularly high during commuting and may depend on the mode of transportation. We investigated the impact of commuting mode on pulmonary function in Shanghai, China.The Shanghai Putuo Study is a cross-sectional, population-based study. Our primary outcomes were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted, and the secondary outcome was spirometric airflow obstruction. We tested the association between mode of transportation and these outcomes after adjusting for confounders.The study population consisted of 20 102 subjects. After adjusting for confounders, the change (95% CI) in FEV1 was -2.15% pred (-2.88- -1.42% pred) among pedestrians, -1.32% pred (-2.05- -0.59% pred) among those taking buses without air conditioning, -1.33% pred (-2.05- -0.61% pred) among those taking buses with air conditioning and -2.83% pred (-5.56- -0.10% pred) among those using underground railways, as compared to cyclists (the reference group). The effects of mode on FVC % predicted were in the same direction. Private car use had a significant protective effect on FVC % predicted and the risk of airflow obstruction (defined by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease but not by lower limit of normal criteria).Mode of transportation is associated with differences in lung function, which may reflect pollution levels in different transportation microenvironments.
Multiple Origins of Eukaryotic<i>cox15</i>Suggest Horizontal Gene Transfer from Bacteria to Jakobid Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Ding He, Cheng-Jie Fu, Sandra L. Baldauf
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

The most gene-rich and bacterial-like mitochondrial genomes known are those of Jakobida (Excavata). Of these, the most extreme example to date is the Andalucia godoyi mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including a cox15 gene encoding the respiratory enzyme heme A synthase (HAS), which is nuclear-encoded in nearly all other mitochondriate eukaryotes. Thus cox15 in eukaryotes appears to be a classic example of mitochondrion-to-nucleus (endosymbiotic) gene transfer, with A. godoyi uniquely retaining the ancestral state. However, our analyses reveal two highly distinct HAS types (encoded by cox15-1 and cox15-2 genes) and identify A. godoyi mitochondrial cox15-encoded HAS as type-1 and all other eukaryotic cox15-encoded HAS as type-2. Molecular phylogeny places the two HAS types in widely separated clades with eukaryotic type-2 HAS clustering with the bulk of α-proteobacteria (>670 sequences), whereas A. godoyi type-1 HAS clusters with an eclectic set of bacteria and archaea including two α-proteobacteria missing from the type-2 clade. This wide phylogenetic separation of the two HAS types is reinforced by unique features of their predicted protein structures. Meanwhile, RNA-sequencing and genomic analyses fail to detect either cox15 type in the nuclear genome of any jakobid including A. godoyi. This suggests that not only is cox15-1 a relatively recent acquisition unique to the Andalucia lineage but also the jakobid last common ancestor probably lacked both cox15 types. These results indicate that uptake of foreign genes by mtDNA is more taxonomically widespread than previously thought. They also caution against the assumption that all α-proteobacterial-like features of eukaryotes are ancient remnants of endosymbiosis.
The latent structure of anxiety symptoms in anxiety disorders
Authors: J Kenardy, L Evans, T P Oei
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Research in the psychopathology of panic and anxiety disorders, particularly agoraphobia, suggests that fear of fear may be the basis of these conditions. However, there is little empirical research on the definition and validity of the concept of fear of fear in a clinical study group. The authors' aims are 1) to determine empirically if particular associations between symptoms and beliefs exist in a group of patients with anxiety disorders and what underlying dimensions of perceived threat they represent and 2) to assess the relative importance of these associations in agoraphobia with panic attacks, panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder.In an anxiety disorders treatment unit, 390 outpatients with anxiety disorders diagnosed according to DSM-III criteria completed the Anxiety Symptoms and Beliefs Scale.A principal components analysis of the patients' ratings on the Anxiety Symptoms and Beliefs Scale produced a four-factor solution in which specific sets of anxiety symptoms loaded with specific beliefs. These four factors were interpreted as respiratory symptoms, vestibular symptoms, autonomic arousal, and psychological threat. Respiratory and vestibular symptoms were more associated with panic disorder diagnoses than with social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder diagnoses.These findings support a conception of fear of fear in anxiety disorders as fearful beliefs concerning the experience of anxiety symptoms. Associations between symptoms and fear of fear are present across anxiety disorders but are most pronounced in agoraphobia with panic attacks.
Brief Communication: Induction of Macrophage-Mediated Tumor-Cell Cytotoxicity by Pyran Copolymer2
Authors: Alan M. Kaplan, Page S. Morahan, William Regelson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Brief Communication: Induction of Macrophage-Mediated Tumor-Cell Cytotoxicity by Pyran Copolymer Get access Alan M. Kaplan, Alan M. Kaplan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Page S. Morahan, Page S. Morahan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William Regelson William Regelson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 6, June 1974, Pages 1919–1923, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.6.1919 Published: 01 June 1974 Article history Received: 19 February 1974 Accepted: 27 February 1974 Published: 01 June 1974
Adaptation, Growth, and Chromosomal Analysis of HEp-2 Cells in Chemically Defined Medium&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Harlan E. Den Beste, Audrey Fjelde, Jay L. Jackson, William F. Andresen, Harold A. Kerr, Virginia J. Evans
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

The tissue culture cell line HEp-2 has been adapted to growth in several chemically defined NCTC media. Continuous growth of these cells in medium NCTC 135 as static and fluid suspension cultures was excellent. Partial nutritional analysis on the subline of HEp-2 adapted to growth in chemically deAned medium NCTC 135 showed the cells fo have a vitamin 812 and an i-inositol requirement for successful growth. HEp-2 cells growing in the chemically deAned medium NCTC 135 and in NCTC 135 supplemented with 10 percent v/v fetal calf serum were successfully frozen, stored, and recovered From liquid-nitrogen temperatures. No significant alterations in the cells recovered from liquid-nitrogen temperature were noted in the parameters studied. Chromosome analysis before, during, and after the adaptation of HEp-2 cells to chemically defined medium NCTC 135 revealed: 1) a stemline shift From 77 when grown in medium 199 with 10 percent calf serum to 70 when grown in chemically defined medium NCTC 135, 2) the retention of the 3 old marker chromosomes and the appearance of new marker chromosomes in the cells during the adaptation to growth in chemically defined medium NCTC 135, and 3) a narrow range of chromosome numbers in cells grown in beth medium NCTC 135 with 10 percent v/v fetal calf serum and medium NCTC 135 with no serum supplement.
Historical Archives
Authors: X.-Y Chen, J Bugert, A Anstey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), this interesting pox virus, has caught the eye of some famous and gifted scientists, physicians and dermatologists over the past two centuries.The first recorded description of MCV was published by Thomas Bateman in the third edition of his book Practical Synopsis of Cutaneous Diseases, in 1814.Bateman described round or oblong papules, varying in size, with a pearly look, thinly dispersed over the face and neck.Furthermore, Bateman correctly speculated that these lesions may be contagious.In 1841, William Henderson and Robert Paterson identified and described microscopic globular bodies within lesions of MCV.The names Henderson and Paterson were subsequently immortalized by this observation as these bodies became known as 'Henderson-Paterson bodies'.Improvements in the quality of optical instruments allowed Lipschu ¨tz, in 1911, to observe and describe the granules inside the Henderson-Paterson bodies as a ball-shaped, coloured, innumerable formation.The granules were subsequently named after Lipschu ¨tz.In 1931, Goodpasture found the similarities between the elementary bodies of MCV and the Borrel bodies of fowlpox virus and made the important deduction that 'the elementary bodies of Lipschu ¨tz may be pox virus'.In 1950 Ranke and Blank used cytochemical techniques to show islands of cytoplasmic DNA that fused to form expanding inclusion bodies, thus supporting the concept that MCV was a DNA-type virus.Using electron microscopy in 1952, Banfield measured the MCV virion at 360 • 210 nm.Four subtypes of MCV have been identified since 1986 based on restriction endonuclease maps: MCV-I, II, III and IV.The contemporary landmark in understanding MCV was the sequencing of its genome by Senkevitch and Bugert in 1996.The genome of MCV is a double-stranded DNA molecule of 190 289 bp (GenBank U60315: MCV type 1/80) with covalently closed termini (hairpins) and 4AE2 kbp of inverted terminal repeats.It encodes a large number of unique genes, many of which control host cell biology or promote evasion of the host immune system.In the near future, two more landmarks will probably have been achieved that rank in importance alongside these earlier discoveries: an accurate view of the global seroprevalence of MCV infections using recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology and an effective and painless topical remedy for this common skin infection.
Follow-up of chronically homeless mentally ill men
Authors: C L Caton, R J Wyatt, A Felix, J Grunberg, B Dominguez
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

To supply information on the efficacy of on-site day treatment for homeless mentally ill men in shelters, the authors followed up homeless mentally ill men 18 months after placement in community housing.The 42 subjects had been evaluated before and 6 months after entering an on-site day treatment program. The authors reinterviewed 34 of these patients again 1 year after the first follow-up to determine housing status, hospitalization, aftercare, criminal justice contacts, income, and employment.By the 18-month follow-up the positive effects of the program at 6 months had deteriorated; 44% of the men had returned to shelters at some point during the follow-up period, and the number of men with criminal justice contacts had increased to a proportion exceeding that before the program. A concurrent diagnosis of substance abuse increased the risk of homelessness during follow-up.These findings underscore the need for innovative treatment and support services for the homeless mentally ill who have concurrent substance abuse.
Lack of efficacy of high-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Authors: J Crown, E S Casper, J Botet, P Murray, D P Kelsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Leucovorin potentiates the cytotoxicity of fluorouracil (5-FU) in experimental tumor systems and appears to enhance the effectiveness of 5-FU in patients with colon cancer. Twenty-two eligible patients (18 previously untreated) with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated in a phase II trial of leucovorin 500 mg/m2/d for 6 days by continuous intravenous infusion with 5-FU 370 mg/m2/d by rapid intravenous injection on 5 consecutive days, beginning 24 hours after initiation of leucovorin infusion. Among the 20 assessable patients, there were no complete or partial regressions, although there was one minor response lasting 4 months. Three patients had stable disease for 5, 20, and 21 months, respectively. Median survival was 10 weeks. Toxicity was predominantly mucosal; stomatitis grade 2 or worse was seen in five patients, and diarrhea grade 2 or worse was seen in four. Hospitalization for toxicity was necessary in four previously untreated patients and three previously treated patients. The median WBC nadir was 4.6 (range, 1.4 to 9.6) x 10(3)/microL, and the median platelet nadir was 147.0 (range, 69.0 to 240.0) x 10(3)/microL. This combination of leucovorin and 5-FU did not demonstrate meaningful therapeutic activity in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and was associated with moderate to severe toxicity. It should not be considered a standard treatment for patients with this disease.
GPs get free indemnity cover for working out of hours this winter
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

General practitioners who sign up for out-of-hours sessions from December 2015 to March 2016 will get free indemnity cover under plans announced by NHS England.

The deal has been brokered with medical defence organisations to ensure that enough GPs are available for out-of-hours sessions to cope with extra demand over the winter months.

In August this year Urgent Health …