tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IL-6 expression predicts treatment response and outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Miao-Fen Chen, Ping-Tsung Chen, Ming Shian Lu, Paul Yang Lin, Wen-Cheng Chen, Kuan-Der Lee
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

The identification of potential tumor markers can improve therapeutic planning and patient management. The aim of this study was to highlight the significance of IL-6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of 173 patients with esophageal SCC, and examined the correlation between IL-6 levels and clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients. Furthermore, the human esophageal SCC cell line CE81T was selected for cellular and animal experiments to investigate changes in tumor behavior and treatment response after manipulation of IL-6 expression. In clinical outcome analysis, positive IL-6 staining and poor treatment response was significantly associated with shorter survival. Furthermore, the frequency of IL-6 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in esophageal cancer specimens than in non-malignant epithelium, and this staining was positively linked to the development of distant metastasis (p = 0.0003) and lower treatment response rates (p = 0.0001).By ELISA analysis, IL-6 serum levels were significantly elevated in patients developing disease failure.When IL-6 expression was inhibited, aggressive tumor behavior and radiation resistance could be overcome in vitro and in vivo. The underlying changes included increased cell death, less epithelial-mesenchymal transition and attenuated STAT3 activation. IL-6 inhibition was also associated with attenuated angiogenesis in tumor-bearing mice. IL-6 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Targeting this cytokine could be a promising strategy for treatment of esophageal cancer, as evidenced by inhibition of aggressive tumor behavior and treatment resistance.
Comments on References to the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in an Article
Authors: M. J. MARTIN, LAYTON MCCURDY, JOHN F. MCDERMOTT, ROBERT MICHELS, JAMES H. SHORE, JOHN A. TALBOTT, GARY J. TUCKER, WILLIAM L. WEBB, STEPHEN C. SCHEIBER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)
Activated T cells enhance interferon-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells stimulated with RNA-containing immune complexes
Authors: Dag Leonard, Maija-Leena Eloranta, Niklas Hagberg, Olof Berggren, Karolina Tandre, Gunnar Alm, Lars Rönnblom
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an ongoing interferon-α (IFN-α) production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). We investigated whether T cells can promote IFN-α production by pDCs.Human pDCs were stimulated with immune complexes (ICs) containing U1 small nuclear ribonucleic proteins particles and SLE-IgG (RNA-IC) in the presence of T cells or T cell supernatants. T cells were activated by anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies or in a mixed leucocyte reaction. IFN-α and other cytokines were determined in culture supernatants or patient sera with immunoassays. The effect of interleukin (IL) 3 and granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on pDCs was examined by the use of antibodies, and the expression of CD80/CD86 was determined using flow cytometry.Activated T cells and supernatants from activated T cells increased IFN-α production by >20-fold. The stimulatory effect of T cell supernatants was reduced after depletion of GM-CSF (81%) or by blocking the GM-CSF receptor (55%-81%). Supernatant from activated T cells, furthermore, increased the frequency of CD80 and CD86 expressing pDCs stimulated with RNA-IC from 6% to 35% (p<0.05) and from 10% to 26% (p<0.01), respectively. Activated SLE T cells enhanced IFN-α production to the same extent as T cells from healthy individuals and a subset of patients with SLE had increased serum levels of GM-CSF.Activated T cells enhance IFN-α production by RNA-IC stimulated pDCs via GM-CSF and induce pDC maturation. Given the increased serum levels of GM-CSF in a subset of patients with SLE, these findings suggest that activated T cells may upregulate type I IFN production in SLE.
Changes in expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ in rat liver after partial hepatectomy but not after treatment with cyproterone acetate
Authors: Stanko Skrtic, Staffan Ekberg, Ville Wallenius, Sven Enerbäck, Lars Hedin, John-Olov Jansson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Acute-Phase Serum Amyloid A Protein and Its Implication in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in the KORA S4/F4 Study
Authors: Carola Marzi, Cornelia Huth, Christian Herder, Jens Baumert, Barbara Thorand, Wolfgang Rathmann, Christa Meisinger, H.-Erich Wichmann, Michael Roden, Annette Peters, Harald Grallert, Wolfgang Koenig, Thomas Illig
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether elevated levels of acute-phase serum amyloid A (A-SAA) protein precede the onset of type 2 diabetes independently of other risk factors, including parameters of glucose metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Within the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4 study, we measured A-SAA concentrations in 836 initially nondiabetic subjects (55–74 years of age) without clinically overt inflammation who participated in a 7-year follow-up examination including an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS A-SAA concentrations were significantly associated with incident type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] for a one-SD increase of A-SAA adjusted for age and sex = 1.28 [95% CI 1.08–1.53], P = 0.005), particularly in younger subjects (P value for interaction = 0.047). The association attenuated when adjusting for parameters of glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, and 2-h glucose; OR 1.16 [0.95–1.42], P = 0.15). Similar analyses for high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) yielded the following ORs: 1.39 (1.10–1.68, P = 0.0006) and 1.13 (0.88–1.45, P = 0.34), respectively. In contrast, A-SAA concentrations were significantly associated with 2-h glucose levels at follow-up even after adjustment for parameters of glucose metabolism (P = 0.008, n = 803). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate similarly strong prospective associations with type 2 diabetes for A-SAA and hs-CRP and suggest a potential causal link via postchallenge hyperglycemia.
Demyelinating events in rheumatoid arthritis after drug exposures
Authors: S. Bernatsky, C. Renoux, S. Suissa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

<h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the effects of biological drugs on the risk of demyelinating events in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> Case–control analyses nested in an administrative database cohort. <h3>Results</h3> Initially the risk of demyelinating events appeared to be increased after exposure to anakinra and decreased after exposure to antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents. However, this apparent differential risk was due to more anakinra use (and avoidance of anti-TNF agents) in persons at high risk for demyelinating events. In individuals not at high risk, the adjusted rate ratio was 1.31 (95% CI 0.68 to 2.50) after exposure to anti-TNF agents and 0.80 (95% CI 0.29 to 2.24) after exposure to anakinra. <h3>Conclusions</h3> When accounting for differential prescription patterns, there was a trend towards more events after exposure to anti-TNF agents. When studying rare but important potential drug associations, pharmacoepidemiological studies are valuable but must be carefully performed.
Clinical relevance of autonomic nervous system disturbances in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: R. Naeije, P. van de Borne
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

ulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare dyspnoea-fatigue syndrome defined by an isolated increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and eventual right ventricular failure [1].In spite of progress achieved during the last two decades, the condition remains severe, with a median survival limited to 5-6 yrs and persistent functional limitation in approximately half of the survivors [1].Further improvement is needed, and this involves a better physiopathological understanding of the PAH ''phenotype''.In the present issue of the European Respiratory Journal, WENSEL et al.[2] add argument to the notion of PAH as a right heart failure with associated autonomic nervous system disturbances.These authors investigated heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity using a spectral analysis of ECG and blood pressure recordings, and correlated the results to aerobic exercise capacity.The spectral power of heart rate variability in their patients was decreased at all frequencies and the baroreflex sensitivity was blunted.These changes were correlated with decreased peak oxygen uptake, very much as previously reported in severe congestive heart failure.
Gallium scanning by conventional imaging and emission computed tomography in the pretreatment evaluation of lung cancer.
Authors: D L Broughton, C J Gibson, T Crake, S J Pearce, R C Leonard
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Gallium 67 citrate was evaluated with conventional scanning and emission computed tomography (CT) scanning as a method of pretreatment staging of the intrathoracic, especially mediastinal, spread of lung cancer. Of 31 patients with tumours of various histological types, the isotope was concentrated in the primary lesion in all but one. In 10 out of 12 patients who underwent surgical exploration conventional gallium scanning correctly indicated the mediastinum to be clear and identified two other patients with a tumour of the mediastinum not recognised by chest radiography or emission CT gallium scanning. Neither conventional nor emission CT gallium scanning produced false positive images. Conventional gallium scanning can give information about the mediastinum not available from chest radiographs or bronchoscopy.
Targeting Hyaluronan Interactions in Malignant Gliomas and Their Drug-Resistant Multipotent Progenitors
Authors: Anne G. Gilg, Sandra L. Tye, Lauren B. Tolliver, William G. Wheeler, Richard P. Visconti, James D. Duncan, Felina V. Kostova, Letitia N. Bolds, Bryan P. Toole, Bernard L. Maria
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: To determine if hyaluronan oligomers (o-HA) antagonize the malignant properties of glioma cells and treatment-resistant glioma side population (SP) cells in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Design: A single intratumoral injection of o-HA was given to rats bearing spinal cord gliomas 7 days after engraftment of C6 glioma cells. At 14 days, spinal cords were evaluated for tumor size, invasive patterns, proliferation, apoptosis, activation of Akt, and BCRP expression. C6SP were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and tested for the effects of o-HA on BCRP expression, activation of Akt and epidermal growth factor receptor, drug resistance, and glioma growth in vivo. Results: o-HA treatment decreased tumor cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and down-regulated activation of Akt and the expression of BCRP. o-HA treatment of C6SP inhibited activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and Akt, decreased BCRP expression, and increased methotrexate cytotoxicity. In vivo, o-HA also suppressed the growth of gliomas that formed after engraftment of C6 or BCRP+ C6SP cells, although most C6SP cells lost their expression of BCRP when grown in vivo. Interestingly, the spinal cord gliomas contained many BCRP+ cells that were not C6 or C6SP cells but that expressed nestin and/or CD45; o-HA treatment significantly decreased the recruitment of these BCRP+ progenitor cells into the engrafted gliomas. Conclusions: o-HA suppress glioma growth in vivo by enhancing apoptosis, down-regulating key cell survival mechanisms, and possibly by decreasing recruitment of host-derived BCRP+ progenitor cells. Thus, o-HA hold promise as a new biological therapy to inhibit HA-mediated malignant mechanisms in glioma cells and treatment-resistant glioma stem cells.
A Histopathologic Investigation of PGE2 Pathways as Predictors of Proliferation and Invasion in Urothelial Carcinomas of the Bladder
Authors: P. Eschwège, S. Ferlicot, S. Droupy, N. Ba, M. Conti, S. Loric, G. Coindard, I. Denis, L. Ferretti, A. Cornelius, A. Legrand, P. Bedossa, G. Benoı̂t, A. Jardin, P. Scardino
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Intellectual and Functional Outcome of Children 3 Years Old or Younger Who Have CNS Malignancies
Authors: Maryam Fouladi, Elizabeth Gilger, Mehmet Kocak, Dana Wallace, Gray Buchanan, Cara Reeves, Nicole Robbins, Thomas Merchant, Larry E. Kun, Raja Khan, Amar Gajjar, Raymond Mulhern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To evaluate the impact of tumor location, clinical parameters, and therapy on neurocognitive, neuroendocrine, and functional outcomes in children < or = 3 years old with intracranial CNS malignancies who survived at least 2 years after diagnosis.Records were retrospectively reviewed for 194 children diagnosed from 1985 to 1999 at St Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis, TN).The median age at diagnosis was 1.8 years (range, 0.1 to 3.5 years). Median follow-up was 7.64 years (2.0 to 19.4 years). Tumors were infratentorial (102), diencephalic (53), and hemispheric (39); 47% required ventriculoperitoneal shunts, 36% developed seizure disorders, and 20% developed severe ototoxicity. Therapy included no radiation therapy (RT) in 57 (30%), local RT in 87 (45%), and craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in 49 (25%). Overall survival at 10 years was 78 +/- 4%. In a longitudinal analysis of 126 patients with at least one neurocognitive evaluation (NE), the mean rate of intelligence quotient (IQ) change for patients who received CSI (-1.34 points per year) and local RT (-0.51 points per year) was significantly different from the no RT group (0.91 points per year; P = .005 and P = .036, respectively). Patients with hemispheric tumors had a significantly greater IQ decline (-1.52 points per year) than those with midline tumors (0.59 points per year; P = .038). Among those with NE > or = 5 years after diagnosis, 71.4% of CSI recipients compared with 23% of local RT recipients had IQ less than 70 (P = .021). Patients undergoing CSI were more likely to develop endocrinopathies (P < .0001) and to require special education (P = .0007).In young children with CNS tumors, CSI and hemispheric location are associated with significant declines in IQ scores.
Reduction in Mortality With Availability of Antiretroviral Therapy for Children With Perinatal HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Maurizio de Martino
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextSince the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy, mortality rates in adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have decreased. However, little information is available outside the setting of controlled trials on survival of perinatally HIV-infected children treated with antiretroviral therapy.ObjectiveTo assess effect of availability of antiretroviral therapy on decreasing mortality in perinatally HIV-infected children.DesignPopulation-based, multicenter longitudinal study involving data collected by the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children.SettingA network of 106 pediatric clinical centers.SubjectsA total of 1142 children born between November 1980 and December 1997 with perinatally acquired HIV infection with a median follow-up of 5.9 years.Main Outcome MeasureTime to HIV-related death calculated for birth cohort and calendar period and grouped by distribution of predominant type of antiretroviral therapy administered over time.ResultsSurvival was longer in the 1996-1997 birth cohort (crude relative hazard [RH] of death, 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.96) and 1996-1998 calendar period (crude RH of death, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.95) than in birth cohort and calendar period 1980-1995, but not when adjusted for maternal antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy and clinical condition at time of delivery, gestational age, and birth weight (adjusted RH of death, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.20-1.50, for birth cohort; and adjusted RH of death, 0.71, 95% CI, 0.43-1.16, for calendar period). In a multivariate model with 1980-1995 as comparison, the 1996-1997 birth cohort had an RH of 0.57 (95% CI, 0.22-1.47; P=.27) but RH for calendar period 1996-1998 was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.47-0.85; P<.01). When the effects of birth cohort, calendar period, and type of antiretroviral therapy were evaluated simultaneously in the same model, the RH of death was not significantly different from 1.0 for the 1996-1997 birth cohort (P=.19) and calendar period 1996-1998 (P=.83) suggesting a causal relationship between decreased risk of death and use of combination therapy. The RH of death in children receiving monotherapy or double or triple combination therapy was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.55-1.08), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.42-1.17), and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.13-0.67), respectively, vs no antiretroviral therapy.ConclusionSurvival of perinatally HIV-infected children improved in 1996-1998 as a result of the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapies.
Echocardiographic evaluation of atrial function after Senning and Mustard correction for transposition of the great arteries.
Authors: P G Bjornstad, S Tjonneland, B K Semb
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Two groups of six children who had undergone either Senning or Mustard repair for uncomplicated transposition of the great arteries were studied with M mode echocardiography derived from a phased array sector scanner picture. The newly created atria were visualised from the subxiphoid region and the upper systemic venous inflow was selected for a simultaneous M mode registration with a subsequent wall motion analysis with a commercially available computer. In the Mustard group of patients the atrial walls seemed to move passively with the overall heart movements, while abrupt atrial wall excursions of both atria synchronous with heart action were noted in all patients after Senning repair. In this group also slow cyclic changes followed respiration. The atrial wall movements were significantly superior (p = 0.001) in the Senning group of patients. It is concluded that, in contrast to the Mustard method, the Senning operation seems to lead to a viable atrium with the capability of increasing and diminishing atrial diameter and with subsequent potential for growth.
Effects of peritoneovenous shunting: Out of the mouths of babes
Authors: Ronald L. Koretz, Harold O. Conn
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The effect of peritoneovenous shunting on body composition has been studied in 7 cirrhotic patients undergoing a successful shunt and 3 patients in whom the shunt was unsuccessful. In the 7 patients with functioning shunts, their weight had decreased by a mean of 9 kg (p &lt; 0.001) by 6 wk after initial diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis, and was associated with a decrease in total body potassium (TBK) but not total body nitrogen (TBN). This resulted in a significant decrease in the TBK/TBN ratio from 2.12 ± 0.74 to 1.66 ± 0.20 (p &lt; 0.01). By a mean of 14 mo, in these 7 patients there was a significant increase in mean TBN (from 1.54 ± 0.10 to 1.84 ± 0.10, p &lt; 0.005) associated with an improvement in the mean nitrogen index (from 0.74 ± 0.04 to 0.88 ± 0.04, p &lt; 0.005). These changes were associated with a significant increase in nonalcoholic calories, a nonsignificant increase in protein consumption, and a positive nitrogen balance. After the initial kaliuresis, mean potassium balance remained constantly positive (+22.7 ± 3.4 mmol/day), serum aldosterone levels normalized, and TBK increased. In contrast, 3 patients with failed peritoneovenous shunting continued to lose weight significantly despite the presence of ascites; TBN and nitrogen index also decreased. In conclusion, body composition studies appear to have confirmed the clinical observation that cirrhotic patients with massive ascites have depleted body protein which is gradually repleted only after successful shunting. In this situation TBK, long used as a measure of lean body mass, is less satisfactory than TBN and nitrogen index. This improvement in body protein appears to be explained by an increased dietary intake associated with improved nitrogen balance, but these changes are not found in patients in whom the shunt failed.
Treatment of functional abdominal pain by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
Authors: K Sylvester, G P Kendall, J E Lennard-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Ce traitement est applique chez 29 malades atteints de douleurs abdominales persistantes et «fonctionnelles» (aucune course organique decelable). Resultats bons dans 15 cas et moyens dans 6 cas. L'electrode est placee au-dessus de la zone douloureuse; en cas d'echec, elle est placee au niveau de la racine medullaire posterieure du dermatome correspondant ou du point d'acupuncture
Anastrozole Versus Tamoxifen as First-Line Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer in 668 Postmenopausal Women: Results of the Tamoxifen or Arimidex Randomized Group Efficacy and Tolerability Study
Authors: J. Bonneterre, B. Thürlimann, J.F. R. Robertson, M. Krzakowski, L. Mauriac, P. Koralewski, I. Vergote, A. Webster, M. Steinberg, M. von Euler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of anastrozole (Arimidex; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, and Macclesfield, United Kingdom) with that of tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer (ABC) in postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, multicenter study evaluated the efficacy of anastrozole 1 mg once daily relative to tamoxifen 20 mg once daily in patients with tumors that were hormone receptor–positive or of unknown receptor status who were eligible for endocrine therapy. The primary end points were time to progression (TTP), objective response (OR), and tolerability. RESULTS: A total of 668 patients (340 in the anastrozole arm and 328 in the tamoxifen arm) were randomized to treatment and followed-up for a median of 19 months. Median TTP was similar for both treatments (8.2 months in patients who received anastrozole and 8.3 months in patients who received tamoxifen). The tamoxifen:anastrozole hazards ratio was 0.99 (lower one-sided 95% confidence limit, 0.86), demonstrating that anastrozole was at least equivalent to tamoxifen. Anastrozole was also as effective as tamoxifen in terms of OR (32.9% of anastrozole and 32.6% of tamoxifen patients achieved a complete response [CR] or partial response [PR]). Clinical benefit (CR + PR + stabilization of ≥ 24 weeks) rates were 56.2% and 55.5% for patients receiving anastrozole and tamoxifen, respectively. Both treatments were well tolerated. However, incidences of thromboembolic events and vaginal bleeding were reported in fewer patients treated with anastrozole than with tamoxifen (4.8% v 7.3% [thromboembolic events] and 1.2% v 2.4% [vaginal bleeding], respectively). CONCLUSION: Anastrozole satisfied the predefined criteria for equivalence to tamoxifen. Together with the lower observed incidence of thromboembolic events and vaginal bleeding, these findings indicate that anastrozole should be considered as first-line therapy for postmenopausal women with ABC.