tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asia-Pacific Working Group consensus on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: J. J. Y. Sung, F. K. L. Chan, M. Chen, J. Y. L. Ching, K. Y. Ho, U. Kachintorn, N. Kim, J. Y. W. Lau, J. Menon, A. A. Rani, N. Reddy, J. Sollano, K. Sugano, K. K. F. Tsoi, C. Y. Wu, N. Yeomans, N. Vakil, K. L. Goh
Journal: Gut (2011)

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), especially peptic ulcer bleeding, remains one of the most important cause of hospitalisation and mortality world wide. In Asia, with a high prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection, a potential difference in drug metabolism, and a difference in clinical management of UGIB due to variable socioeconomic environments, it is considered necessary to re-examine the International Consensus of Non-variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding with emphasis on data generated from the region. The working group, which comprised experts from 12 countries from Asia, recommended the use of the Blatchford score for selection of patients who require endoscopic intervention and which would allow early discharge of patients at low risk. Patients9 comorbid conditions should be included in risk assessment. A pre-endoscopy proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is recommended as a stop-gap treatment when endoscopy within 24 h is not available. An adherent clot on a peptic ulcer should be treated with endoscopy combined with a PPI if the clot cannot be removed. Routine repeated endoscopy is not recommended. High-dose intravenous and oral PPIs are recommended but low-dose intravenous PPIs should be avoided. COX-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs combined with a PPI are recommended for patients with very high risk of UGIB. Aspirin should be resumed soon after stabilisation and clopidogrel alone is no safer than aspirin plus a PPI. When dual antiplatelet agents are used, prophylactic use of a PPI reduces the risk of adverse gastrointestinal events.
Meta-Analysis of the Prognostic Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer
Authors: Liling Zhang, Sabine Riethdorf, Gang Wu, Tao Wang, Kunyu Yang, Gang Peng, Junli Liu, Klaus Pantel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

The prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTC) detected in breast cancer patients is currently under debate. Different time points of blood collections and various CTC assays have been used in the past decades. Here, we conducted the first comprehensive meta-analysis of published literature on the prognostic relevance of CTC, including patients with early and advanced disease.A comprehensive search for articles published between January 1990 and January 2012 was conducted; reviews of each study were conducted and data were extracted. The main outcomes analyzed were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in early-stage breast cancer patients, as well as progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in metastatic breast cancer patients. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random and the fixed-effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.Forty-nine eligible studies enrolling 6,825 patients were identified. The presence of CTC was significantly associated with shorter survival in the total population. The prognostic value of CTC was significant in both early (DFS: HR, 2.86; 95% CI, 2.19-3.75; OS: HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.22-3.48) and metastatic breast cancer (PFS: HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.52-2.09; OS: HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.09-2.60). Further subgroup analyses showed that our results were stable irrespective of the CTC detection method and time point of blood withdrawal.Our present meta-analysis indicates that the detection of CTC is a stable prognosticator in patients with early-stage and metastatic breast cancer. Further studies are required to explore the clinical utility of CTC in breast cancer.
XIAP-mediated Caspase Inhibition in Hodgkin's Lymphoma–derived B Cells
Authors: Hamid Kashkar, Christiane Haefs, Hwain Shin, Stephen J. Hamilton-Dutoit, Guy S. Salvesen, Martin Krönke, Juliane M. Jürgensmeier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

The malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and HL-derived B cell lines were previously shown to be resistant to different apoptotic stimuli. We show here that cytochrome c fails to stimulate caspases-9 and -3 activation in cytosolic extracts of HL-derived B cells, which is due to high level expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). Coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that XIAP, apoptosis protease-activating factor–1, and caspase-3 are complexed in HL-derived B cell lysates. Even after stimulation with exogenous cytochrome c and dATP, XIAP impairs the proteolytic processing and activation of caspase-3. In cytosolic extracts, inhibition of XIAP by the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac)/DIABLO, or immunodepletion of XIAP restores cytochrome c–triggered processing and activation of caspase-3. Smac or a Smac-derived agonistic peptide also sensitized intact HL-derived B cells for the apoptotic action of staurosporine. Finally, Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of primary tumor HL tissues also constitutively and abundantly express XIAP. The results of this paper suggest that high level XIAP expression is a hallmark of HL, which may play a crucial role in resistance to apoptosis.
Endogenous Drp1 Mediates Mitochondrial Autophagy and Protects the Heart Against Energy Stress
Authors: Yoshiyuki Ikeda, Akihiro Shirakabe, Yasuhiro Maejima, Peiyong Zhai, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Jessica Toli, Masatoshi Nomura, Katsuyoshi Mihara, Kensuke Egashira, Mitsuru Ohishi, Maha Abdellatif, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Both fusion and fission contribute to mitochondrial quality control. How unopposed fusion affects survival of cardiomyocytes and left ventricular function in the heart is poorly understood.We investigated the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a GTPase that mediates mitochondrial fission, in mediating mitochondrial autophagy, ventricular function, and stress resistance in the heart.Drp1 downregulation induced mitochondrial elongation, accumulation of damaged mitochondria, and increased apoptosis in cardiomyocytes at baseline. Drp1 downregulation also suppressed autophagosome formation and autophagic flux at baseline and in response to glucose deprivation in cardiomyocytes. The lack of lysosomal translocation of mitochondrially targeted Keima indicates that Drp1 downregulation suppressed mitochondrial autophagy. Mitochondrial elongation and accumulation of damaged mitochondria were also observed in tamoxifen-inducible cardiac-specific Drp1 knockout mice. After Drp1 downregulation, cardiac-specific Drp1 knockout mice developed left ventricular dysfunction, preceded by mitochondrial dysfunction, and died within 13 weeks. Autophagic flux is significantly suppressed in cardiac-specific Drp1 knockout mice. Although left ventricular function in cardiac-specific Drp1 heterozygous knockout mice was normal at 12 weeks of age, left ventricular function decreased more severely after 48 hours of fasting, and the infarct size/area at risk after ischemia/reperfusion was significantly greater in cardiac-specific Drp1 heterozygous knockout than in control mice.Disruption of Drp1 induces mitochondrial elongation, inhibits mitochondrial autophagy, and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby promoting cardiac dysfunction and increased susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion.
Decreased Basal and Postprandial Plasma Serotonin Levels in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Cynthia K Y Cheung, Ying Ying Lee, Yawen Chan, Pui Kuan Cheong, Wai Tak Law, Sau Fong Lee, Joseph J Y Sung, Francis K L Chan, Justin C Y Wu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Sternoclavicular joint disease in psoriatic arthritis.
Authors: E Taccari, A Spadaro, V Riccieri, R Guerrisi, V Guerrisi, A Zoppini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The radiological and tomographic aspects of the sternoclavicular joint were examined in 10 patients with psoriatic arthritis to evaluate better how this joint was affected using different radiological techniques. Imaging of the sternoclavicular joint showed that computed tomography provides a better visualisation of erosions, subchondral cysts, and sclerosis than standard radiography and conventional linear tomography.
Trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in relapsed ovarian cancer: outcomes in the partially platinum-sensitive (platinum-free interval 6–12 months) subpopulation of OVA-301 phase III randomized trial
Authors: A. Poveda, I. Vergote, S. Tjulandin, B. Kong, M. Roy, S. Chan, E. Filipczyk-Cisarz, H. Hagberg, S.B. Kaye, N. Colombo, C. Lebedinsky, T. Parekh, J. Gómez, Y.C. Park, V. Alfaro, B.J. Monk
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)

Background: OVA-301 is a large randomized trial that showed superiority of trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) over PLD alone in relapsed ovarian cancer. The optimal management of patients with partially platinum-sensitive relapse [6–12 months platinum-free interval (PFI)] is unclear.Patients and methods: Within OVA-301, we therefore now report on the outcomes for the 214 cases in this subgroup.Results: Trabectedin/PLD resulted in a 35% risk reduction of disease progression (DP) or death [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45–0.92; P = 0.0152; median progression-free survival (PFS) 7.4 versus 5.5 months], and a significant 41% decrease in the risk of death (HR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.43–0.82; P = 0.0015; median survival 23.0 versus 17.1 months). The safety of trabectedin/PLD in this subset mimicked that of the overall population. Similar proportions of patients received subsequent therapy in each arm (76% versus 77%), although patients in the trabectedin/PLD arm had a slightly lower proportion of further platinum (49% versus 55%). Importantly, patients in the trabectedin/PLD arm survived significantly longer after subsequent platinum (HR = 0.63; P = 0.0357; median 13.3 versus 9.8 months).Conclusion: This hypothesis-generating analysis demonstrates that superior benefits with trabectedin/PLD in terms of PFS and survival in the overall population appear particularly enhanced in patients with partially sensitive disease (PFI 6–12 months).
Large differences in substitutional pattern and evolutionary rate of 12S ribosomal RNA genes
Authors: C Simon, L Nigro, J Sullivan, K Holsinger, A Martin, A Grapputo, A Franke, C McIntosh
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

We demonstrate using Drosophila, periodical cicadas, and hominid primates, that the molecular clock based on animal mitochondrial small-subunit (12S) rRNA genes ticks at significantly different relative rates depending on which taxa and which region of the gene are examined. Drosophila, which are commonly used as model taxa, are evolving in a highly peculiar manner with the majority of sites in the 3' half of the 12S gene apparently invariant. The analogous 3' half of the mitochondrial large-subunit rRNA gene (16S) appears to be similarly constrained. It is surprising that these regions that are already highly constrained in all animals should be even more constrained in Drosophila, especially when the Drosophila mitochondrial genome as a whole does not display a similar rate slowdown. This extreme 12S rate slowdown is not apparent in periodical cicadas or hominid primates and appears to be related to strong structural and functional constraints rather than a depressed mutation rate. Finally, the slow average rate of evolution in the third domain of Drosophila does not imply that the few variable sites lack multiple hits.
Genetic ablation of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to cigarette smoke–induced emphysema in mice
Authors: Tirumalai Rangasamy, Chung Y. Cho, Rajesh K. Thimmulappa, Lijie Zhen, Sorachai S. Srisuma, Thomas W. Kensler, Masayuki Yamamoto, Irina Petrache, Rubin M. Tuder, Shyam Biswal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Although inflammation and protease/antiprotease imbalance have been postulated to be critical in cigarette smoke–induced (CS-induced) emphysema, oxidative stress has been suspected to play an important role in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Susceptibility of the lung to oxidative injury, such as that originating from inhalation of CS, depends largely on its upregulation of antioxidant systems. Nuclear factor, erythroid-derived 2, like 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive basic leucine zipper protein transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of many detoxification and antioxidant genes. Disruption of the Nrf2 gene in mice led to earlier-onset and more extensive CS-induced emphysema than was found in wild-type littermates. Emphysema in Nrf2-deficient mice exposed to CS for 6 months was associated with more pronounced bronchoalveolar inflammation; with enhanced alveolar expression of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress; and with an increased number of apoptotic alveolar septal cells — predominantly endothelial and type II epithelial cells — as compared with wild-type mice. Microarray analysis identified the expression of nearly 50 Nrf2-dependent antioxidant and cytoprotective genes in the lung that may work in concert to counteract CS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. The responsiveness of the Nrf2 pathway may act as a major determinant of susceptibility to tobacco smoke–induced emphysema by upregulating antioxidant defenses and decreasing lung inflammation and alveolar cell apoptosis.
Bacteremia and severe sepsis in adults: a multicenter prospective survey in ICUs and wards of 24 hospitals. French Bacteremia-Sepsis Study Group.
Authors: C Brun-Buisson, F Doyon, J Carlet
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To examine the relationships between bacteremia and severe sepsis and assess the influence of characteristics of infection on the risk of severe sepsis and outcome of bacteremia, we analyzed all clinically significant episodes of bacteremia occurring during a 2-mo prospective survey of 85,750 admissions to adult wards and intensive care units (ICUs) of 24 hospitals in France. Incidence rates of bacteremia and of bacteremic severe sepsis were 9.8 (95% CI: 9.2 to 10.5) and 2.6 (95% CI: 2.2 to 2.9), respectively, per 1,000 adult admissions; these rates were eight and 32 times higher in ICUs than in wards, respectively. Independent risk factors for severe sepsis during bacteremia included age (p < 0.001) and an intraabdominal (p < 0.001), pulmonary (p < 0.001), neuromeningeal (p = 0.004), or multiple (p < 0.001) source of bacteremia, but not categories of organisms involved. The probability of death at 28 d after bacteremia was 25% (95% CI: 23% to 29%), and was 54% (95% CI: 48% to 61%) in patients with bacteremic severe sepsis. The risk of death after bacteremia increased with age (p < 0.001), a rapidly or ultimately fatal underlying disease (p < 0.001), and the presence of severe sepsis (p < 0.001), shock (p = 0.03), and infection caused by gram-positive organisms other than coagulase-negative staphylococci, relative to other organisms (p < 0.001). A primary urinary tract source of infection was associated with a better prognosis (p = 0.03). We conclude that whereas sources of infection influence both the risk of severe sepsis and the outcome of bacteremia, the microbiologic characteristics of infection influence only the outcome, with gram-negative organisms and coagulase-negative staphylococci posing a lesser risk than other organisms.
High incidence of relapse after autologous stem-cell transplantation for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma
Authors: Z S Pavletic, P J Bierman, J M Vose, M R Bishop, C D Wu, J L Pierson, J P Kollath, D D Weisenburger, A Kessinger, J O Armitage
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)
Is allergen immunotherapy effective in asthma? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Authors: M J Abramson, R M Puy, J M Weiner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

A meta-analysis of clinical trials of allergen immunotherapy was undertaken to assess the efficacy of this controversial form of therapy in asthma. A computerized bibliographic search revealed 20 randomized placebo controlled double-blind trials of allergen immunotherapy for asthma. The results extracted included asthmatic symptoms, medication requirements, lung function, and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). Categorical outcomes were expressed as odds ratios and continuous outcomes as effect sizes. The combined odds of symptomatic improvement from immunotherapy with any allergen were 3.2 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.9). The odds for reduction in medication after mite immunotherapy were 4.2 (95% CI 2.2 to 7.9). The combined odds for reduction in BHR were 6.8 (95% CI 3.8 to 12.0). The mean effect size for any allergen immunotherapy on all continuous outcomes was 0.71 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.00), which would correspond to a mean 7.1% predicted improvement in FEV1 from immunotherapy. Although the benefits of allergen immunotherapy could be overestimated because of unpublished negative studies, an additional 33 such studies would be necessary to overturn these results. Allergen immunotherapy is a treatment option in highly selected patients with extrinsic ("allergic") asthma.
IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES USING PARTIALLY PURIFIED CELL PREPARATIONS
Authors: J. S. Haskill, Pauline Byrt, J. Marbrook
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The BSA density-gradient technique for separating mouse spleen cells into partially purified populations has been used to compare the responsiveness of such populations to SRBC using in vivo and in vitro techniques. Two major populations were distinguished, one of which responded very well in vivo with an exponential dose response and poorly in vitro (fraction 3), and another which responded in vivo and in vitro with a linear dose response (fraction 2). A light density, radiation-resistant component was identified which markedly stimulated the response of fraction 3 in vitro, and a density gradient profile was obtained for this cell which did not correspond with a macrophage profile. A high density, radiation-sensitive cell was identified which stimulated the response of PFC precursors in lighter regions of the gradient. The activity of this cell could be replaced using thymus cells. A density profile for the PFC precursor cell was obtained by assaying small numbers of spleen cell fractions in the presence of an excess of the two auxiliary cell types.
Acute hydrocortisone myopathy in acute severe asthma.
Authors: A J Knox, B H Mascie-Taylor, M F Muers
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Myopathy of insidious onset produced by corticosteroids is well recognised.In recent years acute myopathy has been reported in patients with acute severe asthma treated with 3-4 g of intravenous hydrocortisone a day.1 2 It has been argued that to minimise the risks of this the dose should be no more than 1 g of hydrocortisone a day.2There is evidence that 1 g/day is an effective regimen.3We report a further case of acute myopathy occurring in a patient who never received more than 1 g/day of intravenous hydrocortisone.We sug- gest that even with a 1 g/day regimen physicians should be aware of the possibility of myopathy developing if a patient is found to be slow to be weaned off ventilation.Case report
Severe cutaneous vasculitis induced by diltiazem
Authors: R.A. Sheehan-Dare, M.J. Goodfield
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Severe cutaneous vasculitis induced by diltiazem Get access R.A. Sheehan‐Dare, R.A. Sheehan‐Dare Department of Dermatology Leeds General Infirmary Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. Goodfield M.J. Goodfield Department of Dermatology Leeds General Infirmary Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 1, 1 July 1988, Page 134, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb07122.x Published: 01 July 1988
Initial Results of Posterior Leaflet Extension for Severe Type IIIb Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Benoit de Varennes, Rakesh Chaturvedi, Surita Sidhu, Annie V. Côté, William Li Pi Shan, Caroline Goyer, Roupen Hatzakorzian, Jean Buithieu, Allan Sniderman
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Management of severe ischemic mitral regurgitation remains difficult with disappointing early and intermediate-term surgical results of valve repair. Methods and Results— Forty-four patients with severe (4+) Carpentier type IIIb ischemic mitral regurgitation underwent mitral valve repair, with or without surgical revascularization, by posterior leaflet extension with a patch of bovine pericardium and a remodeling annuloplasty. Serial echocardiography was performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively to assess mitral valve competence. The postoperative functional status of patients was assessed. The average Parsonnet score was 38±13. Thirty-day mortality was 11%, and late mortality was 14%. Mean follow-up was 38 months. The actuarial freedom from moderate or severe recurrent mitral regurgitation was 90% at 2 years, whereas 90% of patients were in New York Heart Association class I at 2 years. Conclusion— Posterior leaflet extension with annuloplasty of the mitral valve for severe type IIIb ischemic regurgitation is a safe, effective method that provides good early and intermediate-term competence of the mitral valve and therefore good functional status.
Book: Cardiovascular Disease in the Octogenarian and Beyond
Authors: AJ Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Nanette K Wenger Martin Dunitz, £75, pp 456 ISBN 1 85317 581 1 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Old age could be defined as that time when you may be deprived of beneficial services simply because of your years. Old age is also the time when your treating cardiologist ought to be considering many factors in addition to simply your cardiac function. An octogenarian qualifies as old on both counts. Defining old as 80 years and over is a bold move, given that many authors writing on system diseases in elderly people extrapolate evidence from those aged 50 and over, a tendency that … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif