tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcome and risk factors for recurrence in borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: Y. Yokoyama, H. Mizunuma, N. Yaegashi, T. Tanaka, H. Kurachi, A. Sato, T. Tase, T. Sugiyama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

16020 Background: We investigated the long-term prognosis of borderline ovarian tumors and determined risk factors for recurrence. Methods: One hundred and twenty one borderline ovarian tumors treated between 1994 and 2003 at the participating institutions in the Tohoku Gynecologic Cancer Unit were retrospectively investigated for clinical stage, histopathological subtype, surgical technique, postoperative chemotherapy, the presence or absence of recurrence, and prognosis. Results: The median follow-up period was 57 months (1–126 months). One hundred and nine cases (90.6%) were at clinical stage I. The histopathological subtypes consisted of 91 cases of mucinous tumor (75.2%), 27 cases of serous tumor (22.3%), and 3 cases of endometrioid tumor. Conservative surgery was used in 53 cases (43.8%), radical surgery in 68 cases (56.2%), a staging laparotomy in 43 cases (35.5%), and postoperative adjuvant therapy in 30 cases (24.8%). Recurrence was found in 8 cases, but no tumor-related deaths were reported. Although no significant difference in disease free survival rate was seen between different clinical stages, the difference in disease free survival rate between serous and non-serous (mucinous and endometrioid) types was significant (p&lt;0.05). The 10-year disease free survival rate was 89.1% for the radical surgery group, and 57.4% for the conservative surgery group- this difference was significant (p&lt;0.05). In the conservative surgery group, cystectomy and serous tumor were independent risk factors for recurrence. Although recurrence was observed, the long-term prognosis of borderline ovarian tumor was favorable, without tumor-related deaths. Conclusion: Considering the favorable prognosis, conservative surgery can be chosen as far as the patient has a non-serous tumor and receive adnexectomy. However, in cases of serous type and/or receiving cystectomy special care should be given as relative risk rates of recurrence elevate by 2 to 4 folds. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Predicting Persistent Left Ventricular Dysfunction Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gabriel C. Brooks, Byron K. Lee, Rajni Rao, Feng Lin, Daniel P. Morin, Steven L. Zweibel, Alfred E. Buxton, Mark J. Pletcher, Eric Vittinghoff, Jeffrey E. Olgin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
A gamma Gly-268 to Glu substitution is responsible for impaired fibrin assembly in a homozygous dysfibrinogen Kurashiki I
Authors: K Niwa, M Takebe, T Sugo, Y Kawata, J Mimuro, S Asakura, Y Sakata, J Mizushima, A Maeda, H Endo, M Matsuda
Journal: Blood (1996)
PD-1hi Identifies a Novel Regulatory B-cell Population in Human Hepatoma That Promotes Disease Progression
Authors: Xiao Xiao, Xiang-Ming Lao, Min-Min Chen, Rui-Xian Liu, Yuan Wei, Fang-Zhu Ouyang, Dong-Ping Chen, Xiao-Yu Zhao, Qiyi Zhao, Xue-Feng Li, Chuan-Lu Liu, Limin Zheng, Dong-Ming Kuang
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Abstract B cells often constitute abundant cellular components in human tumors. Regulatory B cells that are functionally defined by their ability to produce IL10 downregulate inflammation and control T-cell immunity. Here, we identified a protumorigenic subset of B cells that constitutively expressed higher levels of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and constituted ∼10% of all B cells in advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These PD-1hi B cells exhibited a unique CD5hiCD24−/+CD27hi/+CD38dim phenotype different from the phenotype of conventional CD24hiCD38hi peripheral regulatory B cells. TLR4-mediated BCL6 upregulation was crucial for PD-1hi B-cell induction by HCC environmental factors, and that effect was abolished by IL4-elicited STAT6 phosphorylation. Importantly, upon encountering PD-L1+ cells or undergoing PD-1 triggering, PD-1hi B cells acquired regulatory functions that suppressed tumor-specific T-cell immunity and promoted cancer growth via IL10 signals. Our findings provide significant new insights for human cancer immunosuppression and anticancer therapies regarding PD-1/PD-L1. Significance: We identify a novel protumorigenic PD-1hi B-cell subset in human HCC that exhibits a phenotype distinct from that of peripheral regulatory B cells. TLR4-mediated BCL6 upregulation is critical for induction of PD-1hi B cells, which operate via IL10-dependent pathways upon interacting with PD-L1 to cause T-cell dysfunction and foster disease progression. Cancer Discov; 6(5); 546–59. ©2016 AACR. See related commentary by Ren et al., p. 477. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 461
SAT0505 Severe Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Kawasaki Disease: its Possible Role in the Risk to Develop Coronary Artery Damage
Authors: F. Falcini, S. Stagi, G. Lepri, E. Casalini, D. Rigante, M. Matucci-Cerinic
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitisin childhood that is associated with inflammatory cytokines, in which the vascular inflammation results in damage to the coronary arteries. Vitamin D plays an important role in the regulation of immunity, and several studies demonstrate that its active form 25(OH)VIT exhibits anti-inflammatory activities and modulate the inflammatory response in the systemic vasculitis. <h3>Objectives</h3> 1. To assess serum levels of 25(OH)VITD in children with KD, and 2. to evaluate the possible relationship between 25(OH)VITD deficiency and coronary artery damage in these patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We evaluated 25(OH)VITD serum levels in 60patients with KD (18 females, 42 males, mean age at KD diagnosis 23.8±15.4 years). These patients were compared with a sex- and age-matched control group. In all patients 25(OH)VITD serum levels were measured in the acute phase of the illness before IVIG treatment. All patients received timely the current treatment for KD, IVIG 2 g/kg and aspirin (30-50 mg/kg). Among the 60 pts 3 developed coronary artery aneurysms (diameter &gt;5 mm &lt;8 mm) and 2 coronary ectasia. <h3>Results</h3> KD patients showed significantly reduced 25(OH)VITD levels (8.90±2.24 mg/dl) in comparison to controls (21.70±4.35 mg/dl; p&lt;0.0001). We did not detectany significant difference among KD patients with less and more than 1 years of age (9.05±2.31 mg/dl vs 9.20±2.61 mg/dl). On the contrary, we observed significant differences in KD patients both with and without coronary aneurysms (7.48±2.33 mg/dl vs 9.90±2.81 mg/dl; p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> 25(OH)VITD might have a role in the development of coronary damage. Yet, low 25(OH)VITD levels might contribute to the chronic course and severity of coronary aneurysms in the KD. Future larger studies are needed to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)VITDlevels and KD cardiac damage. <h3>References</h3> Kudo K, Hasegawa S, Suzuki Y, Hirano R, Wakiguchi H, Kittaka S, Ichiyama T.1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) inhibits vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and interleukin-8 production in human coronary arterial endothelial cellsJ Steroid BiochemMolBiol 2012;132:290-4. Suzuki Y, Ichiyama T, Ohsaki A, Hasegawa S, Shiraishi M, Furukawa S.Anti-inflammatory effect of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in human coronary arterial endothelial cells: Implication for the treatment of Kawasaki disease.J Steroid BiochemMol Biol. 2009;113:134-8. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Silicon Injection Granulomata
Authors: Sara Strauss, Kwang Chun, Mohammed Taoudi Benchekroun, Olisaemeka Akamnonu, Leonard Freeman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Ga citrate is frequently used in the workup of fever of unknown origin. Here, we report a case of avid Ga-citrate in bilateral gluteal regions of a patient with a history of free silicon injection buttock augmentation referred for suspected diagnosis of sarcoidosis. CT findings were equivocal for inflammation/infection in the buttock region, and nuclear scintigraphy allowed for more definitive diagnosis.
Enhanced immunotherapy of SM5-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma by conjugating with gold nanoparticles and its in vivo bioluminescence tomographic evaluation
Authors: Xibo Ma, Hui Hui, Yushen Jin, Di Dong, Xiaolong Liang, Xin Yang, Ke Tan, Zhifei Dai, Zhen Cheng, Jie Tian
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)

SM5-1 is a humanized mouse monoclonal antibody, targeting an over-expressed membrane protein of approximately 230 kDa in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SM5-1 can be used for target therapy in hepatocellular carinoma due to its ability of inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis. However, the tumor inhibition efficacy of SM5-1 in HCC cancer treatment remains low. In this study, we synthesized SM5-1-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Au-SM5-1 NPs) and investigated their anticancer efficacy in HCC both in vitro and in vivo. The tumor inhibition rates of Au-SM5-1 NPs for subcutaneous tumor mice were 40.10% ± 4.34%, 31.37% ± 5.12%, and 30.63% ± 4.87% on day 12, 18, and 24 post-treatment as determined by bioluminescent intensity. In addition, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of Au-SM5-1 NPs in orthotopic HCC tumor models. The results showed that the inhibition rates of Au-SM5-1 NPs can reach up to 39.64% ± 4.87% on day 31 post-treatment determined by the bioluminescent intensity of the abdomen in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, three-dimensional reconstruction results of the orthotopic tumor revealed that Au-SM5-1 NPs significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with SM5-1 alone. Our results suggested that the developed Au-SM5-1 NPs has great potential as an antibody-based nano-drug for HCC therapy.
Time to debate an opt-out system for organ donation in England as well as the rest of the UK
Authors: M. Hobday
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Sharif warns that introducing an opt-out system for organ donation will not be a panacea.1 He is right. But supporters of an opt-out system, such as the British Heart Foundation, have never claimed that it will be.

Changing to an opt-out system does, of course, need to be accompanied by awareness raising, education, and investment in infrastructure. Even then, sadly, not everyone who needs a transplant will get …
Prenatal and Perinatal Determinants of Lung Health and Disease in Early Life
Authors: Tracy A. Manuck, Philip T. Levy, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Alan H. Jobe, Carol J. Blaisdell
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Human lung growth and development begins with preconception exposures and continues through conception and childhood into early adulthood. Numerous environmental exposures (both positive and negative) can affect lung health and disease throughout life. Infant lung health correlates with adult lung function, but significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the influence of preconception, perinatal, and postnatal exposures on general lung health throughout life. On October 1 and 2, 2015, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a group of extramural investigators to develop their recommendations for the direction(s) for future research in prenatal and perinatal determinants of lung health and disease in early life and to identify opportunities for scientific advancement. They identified that future investigations will need not only to examine abnormal lung development, but also to use developing technology and resources to better define normal and/or enhanced lung health. Birth cohort studies offer key opportunities to capture the important influence of preconception and obstetric risk factors on lung health, development, and disease. These studies should include well-characterized obstetrical data and comprehensive plans for prospective follow-up. The importance of continued basic science, translational, and animal studies for providing mechanisms to explain causality using new methods cannot be overemphasized. Multidisciplinary approaches involving obstetricians, neonatologists, pediatric and adult pulmonologists, and basic scientists should be encouraged to design and conduct comprehensive and impactful research on the early stages of normal and abnormal human lung growth that influence adult outcome.
Hope in the Long Road Toward the Development of a Therapeutic Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
Authors: Soumaya Karaki, Helene Pere, Cecile Badoual, Eric Tartour
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

A pool of long synthetic peptides derived from HPV16 proteins induce objective partial or complete histologic regression of lesions in more than 50% of patients with high-grade vulvar (VuVIN3) and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN3). The intensity of T-cell response induced by the vaccine was correlated with clinical response. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2317-9. ©2016 AACRSee related article by van Poelgeest et al., p. 2342.
Cultural differentiation does not entail group-level structure: The case for geographically explicit analysis
Authors: Robert Malcolm Ross, Quentin Douglas Atkinson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract Richerson et al. argue that relatively large cultural F ST values provide evidence for group structure and therefore scope for group selection. However, recent research on spatial patterns of cultural variation demonstrates that, as in the genetic case, apparent group structure can be a consequence of geographic clines, not group barriers. Such a pattern limits the scope for cultural group selection.
Latent Infections With Marek's Disease Virus and Turkey Herpesvirus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B W Calnek, W R Shek, K A Schat
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The number of plaque-forming units (PFU) from lymphocytes latently infected with oncogenic (GA-5) or nononcogenic (SB-1) Marek's disease virus (MDV) was decreased after complement lysis with antisera against thymus-derived lymphocytes or bursa-derived lymphocytes; an additive effect with dual treatment was observed. Complement lysis with antisera against Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (putative tumor antigen) had little effect, which suggests an absence of the antigen on latently infected cells. None of the serum complement treatments affected the number of PFU from lymphocytes infected with turkey herpesvirus (HVT). No viral antigens were detected in spleen lymphocytes when removed from infected birds. After 42–72 hours of incubation, many cultured spleen cells from MDV-infected birds (JM-10, GA-5, and SB-1 isolates) contained viral antigen, whereas very few if any cultured cells from HVT-infected birds were positive. These data suggest that the nature of the latent infections with MDV and HVT may differ significantly.
Alcohol Use
Authors: E. Jennifer Edelman, David A. Fiellin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

This issue provides a clinical overview of alcohol use, focusing on health benefits, harms, prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and practice improvement. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self-Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing divisions and with the assistance of additional science writers and physician writers.
Initial Experience With Commercial Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair in the United States
Authors: Paul Sorajja, Michael Mack, Sreekanth Vemulapalli, David R. Holmes, Amanda Stebbins, Saibal Kar, D. Scott Lim, Vinod Thourani, Patrick McCarthy, Samir Kapadia, Paul Grayburn, Wesley A. Pedersen, Gorav Ailawadi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
High avidity anti- 2-glycoprotein I antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: S Cucnik
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To evaluate avidity of IgG anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-beta2-GPI) in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in relation to thrombosis, and to demonstrate a possible affinity maturation of IgG anti-beta 2-GPI during the disease course.64 sera from 32 patients (18 with primary or secondary APS, 14 with SLE without APS) and their respective IgG fractions or affinity purified anti-beta 2-GPI were studied by anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta 2-GPI enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and by chaotropic assay.Six, 12, and 14 patients had high, low, and heterogeneous avidity IgG anti-beta 2-GPI, respectively. In 12 patients an increase in antibody avidity was observed over a period of between four and 12 years. More patients with APS were in the high avidity than in the low avidity anti-beta 2-GPI group, while the opposite was observed for SLE alone (both p<0.05). The most common clinical feature among patients with high avidity anti-beta 2-GPI was thrombosis, mainly venous thrombosis (p<0.05 and p<0.02, respectively, v the low avidity anti-beta 2-GPI group).Patients with APS with or without SLE may have anti-beta2-GPI of high, low, or heterogeneous avidity. High avidity anti-beta 2-GPI appear to be associated with thrombosis and APS, while in pure SLE low avidity anti-beta 2-GPI may prevail. Monitoring of avidity may help elucidate the role of anti-beta 2-GPI affinity maturation in the pathogenesis of APS.
Demonstration of Marek's Disease Tumor-Associated Surface Antigen in Chickens Infected With Nononcogenic Marek's Disease Virus and Herpesvirus of Turkeys&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K. A. Schat, B. W. Calnek
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The presence of Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (MATSA) was demonstrated on spleen cells from P-line chickens inoculated 5--6 days earlier with herpesvirus of turkeys and SB-1 (a nononcogenic Marek's disease virus). Antisera against MATSA expressed on five Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines were able to recognize the MATSA present on SB-1-infected spleen cells. No viral membrane antigens and only a low incidence of viral internal antigens could be demonstrated.
Pierre Janet and the breakdown of adaptation in psychological trauma
Authors: B A van der Kolk, O van der Hart
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

In this reappraisal of the work of Pierre Janet at the centenary of the publication of L'automatisme psychologique, the authors review his investigations into the mental processes that transform traumatic experiences into psychopathology. Janet was the first to systematically study dissociation as the crucial psychological process with which the organism reacts to overwhelming experiences and show that traumatic memories may be expressed as sensory perceptions, affect states, and behavioral reenactments. Janet provided a broad framework that unifies into a larger perspective the various approaches to psychological functioning which have developed along independent lines in this century. Today his integrated approach may help clarify the interrelationships among such diverse topics as memory processes, state-dependent learning, dissociative reactions, and posttraumatic psychopathology.
H7N9 influenza virus neutralizing antibodies that possess few somatic mutations
Authors: Natalie J. Thornburg, Heng Zhang, Sandhya Bangaru, Gopal Sapparapu, Nurgun Kose, Rebecca M. Lampley, Robin G. Bombardi, Yingchun Yu, Stephen Graham, Andre Branchizio, Sandra M. Yoder, Michael T. Rock, C. Buddy Creech, Kathryn M. Edwards, David Lee, Sheng Li, Ian A. Wilson, Adolfo García-Sastre, Randy A. Albrecht, James E. Crowe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Avian H7N9 influenza viruses are group 2 influenza A viruses that have been identified as the etiologic agent for a current major outbreak that began in China in 2013 and may pose a pandemic threat. Here, we examined the human H7-reactive antibody response in 75 recipients of a monovalent inactivated A/Shanghai/02/2013 H7N9 vaccine. After 2 doses of vaccine, the majority of donors had memory B cells that secreted IgGs specific for H7 HA, with dominant responses against single HA subtypes, although frequencies of H7-reactive B cells ranged widely between donors. We isolated 12 naturally occurring mAbs with low half-maximal effective concentrations for binding, 5 of which possessed neutralizing and HA-inhibiting activities. The 5 neutralizing mAbs exhibited narrow breadth of reactivity with influenza H7 strains. Epitope-mapping studies using neutralization escape mutant analysis, deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and x-ray crystallography revealed that these neutralizing mAbs bind near the receptor-binding pocket on HA. All 5 neutralizing mAbs possessed low numbers of somatic mutations, suggesting the clones arose from naive B cells. The most potent mAb, H7.167, was tested as a prophylactic treatment in a mouse intranasal virus challenge study, and systemic administration of the mAb markedly reduced viral lung titers.
The Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Bladder Pain Syndrome
Authors: Ifeoma Offiah, Athanasios Didangelos, John Dawes, Rufus Cartwright, Vik Khullar, Elizabeth J. Bradbury, Suzanne O'Sullivan, Dic Williams, Iain P. Chessell, Kenny Pallas, Gerry Graham, Barry A. O’Reilly, Stephen B. McMahon
Journal: European Urology (2016)

Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) pathology is poorly understood. Treatment strategies are empirical, with limited efficacy, and affected patients have diminished quality of life. We examined the hypothesis that inflammatory mediators within the bladder contribute to BPS pathology. Fifteen women with BPS and 15 women with stress urinary incontinence without bladder pain were recruited from Cork University Maternity Hospital from October 2011 to October 2012. During cystoscopy, 5-mm bladder biopsies were taken and processed for gene expression analysis. The effect of the identified genes was tested in laboratory animals. We studied the expression of 96 inflammation-related genes in diseased and healthy bladders. We measured the correlation between genes and patient clinical profiles using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Analysis revealed 15 differentially expressed genes, confirmed in a replication study. FGF7 and CCL21 correlated significantly with clinical outcomes. Intravesical CCL21 instillation in rats caused increased bladder excitability and increased c-fos activity in spinal cord neurons. CCL21 atypical receptor knockout mice showed significantly more c-fos upon bladder stimulation with CCL21 than wild-type littermates. There was no change in FGF7-treated animals. The variability in patient samples presented as the main limitation. We used principal component analysis to identify similarities within the patient group. Our study identified two biologically relevant inflammatory mediators in BPS and demonstrated an increase in nociceptive signalling with CCL21. Manipulation of this ligand is a potential new therapeutic strategy for BPS. We compared gene expression in bladder biopsies of patients with bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and controls without pain and identified two genes that were increased in BPS patients and correlated with clinical profiles. We tested the effect of these genes in laboratory animals, confirming their role in bladder pain. Manipulating these genes in BPS is a potential treatment strategy.
Changes in Receipt of Cancer Screening in Medicare Beneficiaries Following the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Gregory S. Cooper, Tzuyung D. Kou, Mark D. Schluchter, Avi Dor, Siran M. Koroukian
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Background:The Affordable Care Act (ACA) removed copayments for screening mammography and colonoscopy in Medicare beneficiaries, but its clinical impact is unknown.