tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of CD44 and its variants on gastric epithelial cells of patients with Helicobacter pylori colonisation.
Authors: X Fan, A Long, M Goggins, X Fan, P W Keeling, D Kelleher
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND--Studies have suggested that expression of the adhesion molecule CD44 may be of prognostic importance in gastric cancer. In addition, there is strong evidence that Helicobacter pylori has a role in gastric cancer. AIMS--To determine the expression of CD44 and its variants (v6, v9) and HLA class II molecules on human gastric epithelial cell and intraepithelial lymphocytes in patients with and without H pylori infection. PATIENTS--Eighteen patients (seven men and 11 women) attending for endoscopic evaluation because of upper gastrointestinal symptoms were included. An additional 10 patients (five men and five women) were analysed for CD44 variant expression). METHODS--Biopsy specimens were taken from the gastric antrum during endoscopy. Gastric epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes were examined by two colour flow cytometry and compared in patients with and without H pylori infection. RESULTS--Expression of CD44 and its variants (CD44 v9) was increased in epithelial cells but not in intraepithelial lymphocytes. Both epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes expressed higher levels of HLA class II molecules (DR and DP), possibly as a result of local cytokine production. Furthermore, results showed upregulation of CD44 on a gastric epithelial cell line (AGS) by cytokines and peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatant. CONCLUSIONS--These data suggest that H pylori, either directly or through a local inflammatory response, is responsible for increased expression of CD44 and its variant CD44 v9. These data are of potential importance in relation to increased expression of CD44 and CD44 v9 on gastric carcinoma.
Does sensitisation to common inhalatory allergens verified with positive skin prick test (SPT) associate with fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level
Authors: Silvije Segulja, Renata Volkmer Staresina, Daniel Buljevic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Former studies show that relationship between FeNO and atopy is still unclear. Atopy is in this case defined as positive SPT. Aim of this study was to determine if there is association between those two and if so is there any difference between children and adults.  Total of 209 patients underwent an assessment that included FeNO and SPT. There were 127 children (under 18 years) and 82 adults (above 18 years). FeNO was sampled using single adult method (sa) or multiple breath method (mb) depending on age and collaboration during test. FeNO levels were defined as elevated according to standardized values in each method (above 20 at sa method and above 8 at mb method). Positive sensitisation was defined using positive SPT (minimum of one positive allergen). IBM SPSS program was used for statistic analysis.  Analysis of 209 patients showed that there is significant difference at FeNO (sa) between patients with positive SPT and those with negative SPT in favor of patients with positive SPT. Analysis at FeNO (mb) method showed no significant difference. In children there is significant difference at significance level (p   Atopy defined as positive SPT is significantly associated with elevated FeNO levels in children who were tested with FeNO (sa) method. However, FeNO (mb) method showed no association in children. In adults there was no association between positive SPT and FeNO (sa) method. It seems that FeNO does behave as biomarker of atopy in children.
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Primary Cerebral Lymphoma
Authors: Mark Bower, Tom Powles, Mark Nelson, Sundhiya Mandalia, Brian Gazzard, Justin Stebbing
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

From a cohort of 9621 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals, we identified 61 patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCL) who had a median survival of 1.3 months. We compared clinicopathologic variables of patients who were treated in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HAART eras and investigated whether exposure to antiretroviral agents with differing cerebrospinal fluid penetrations was associated with risk for PCL. All statistical tests were two-sided. Incidence of PCL was lower in the HAART era (1.2 cases per 1000 patient-years, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8 to 1.9) than in the pre-HAART era (three cases per 1000 years, 95% CI = 2.1 to 4.0; P<.001), and overall survival was longer (median survival = 32 days, range = 5-315 days, versus 48 days, range = 15-1136 days; log rank P = .03). In the HAART era, fewer patients had prior acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illnesses than in the pre-HAART era (64% versus 90%; P = .013), and patients were more likely to have the diagnosis of PCL confirmed histologically or by polymerase chain reaction (77% versus 26%; P<.001). Exposure to specific antiretroviral agents was not associated with risk for PCL.
Induction of Adenofibrosis and Hepatomas of the Liver in BALB/cJ Mice by Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclor 1254)
Authors: Renate D. Kimbrough, Ralph E. Linder
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Induction of Adenofibrosis and Hepatomas of the Liver in BALB/cJ Mice by Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) Get access Renate D. Kimbrough, M.D, Renate D. Kimbrough, M.D Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ralph E. Linder Ralph E. Linder Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 2, August 1974, Pages 547–552, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.2.547 Published: 01 August 1974 Article history Received: 01 March 1974 Accepted: 18 April 1974 Published: 01 August 1974
Isolation From a Murine Fibrosarcoma of Cell Lines With Enhanced Plating Efficiency In Vitro 2 3
Authors: Norio Suzuki, H. Rodney Withers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The technique for the isolation of mutants was applied to establish highly clonogenic cells from a fibrosarcoma (FSA) that had an extremely poor growth capacity in vitro (10−6–10−7 of surviving fraction of cells). After consecutive clonings, the surviving fraction of cells increased to 1–5 × 10−1, whereas that of the ordinarily maintained culture remained at a low level. Selected clones were analyzed in vitro and/or in vivo. The results indicated that the FSA was composed of heterogeneous cells or cells having a potential variability in cloning ability in vitro, metastatic ability in vivo [lung colony-forming efficiency (LCFE)], and DNA content. The relatively high DNA content of one of the clones, FSA 1233, continued after growth in vivo or in vitro, indicating its hereditary nature. FSA 1233 was also demonstrated to have a lower LCFE when the cell suspension was made from a tumor rather than from a culture in vitro. The difference of surviving fractions between the cells in the two conditions was not enough to explain the difference in LCFE's between them. These cells could grow under either in vitro or in vivo conditions and could be made readily into single-cell suspensions. The cells are, therefore, available as a system for analysis of the response of cells in vitro after in vivo treatment with various agents.
Dopaminergic Control of Corticostriatal Long-Term Synaptic Depression in Medium Spiny Neurons Is Mediated by Cholinergic Interneurons
Authors: Zhongfeng Wang, Li Kai, Michelle Day, Jennifer Ronesi, Henry H. Yin, Jun Ding, Tatiana Tkatch, David M. Lovinger, D. James Surmeier
Journal: Neuron (2006)
Proliferation of Infected Lymphoid Precursors Before Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus-Induced T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: T G Storch, P Arnstein, V Manohar, W M Leiserson, T M Chused
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

NFS/N mice inoculated with Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) developed T-cell lymphoma after a 10-week latent period. Expression of lymphoid differentiation antigens, appearance of M-MuLV-encoded cell surface antigens, and rates of cellular proliferation were measured in splenic and bone marrow subpopulations during this latent period. At 2 weeks of age, Thy-1-and surface immunoglobulin-negative null cells of spleen and bone marrow expressed M-MuLV antigens whereas T- and B-lymphocytes did not. During the 3d and 4th weeks, the number of splenic null cells increased to six times the number found in uninfected controls. These null cells included the precursors of lymphocytes and hematopoietic cells. For the remainder of the latent period, the percentage of null cells undergoing proliferation was three times greater in the infected mice, while the total number of null cells remained constant. This proliferation was not accompanied by terminal differentiation or emigration of mature cell types from the spleen. Proliferation was substantially delayed in CBA mice, which are resistant to lymphoma induction.
Rethinking Electronic Health Records to Better Achieve Quality and Safety Goals
Authors: William W. Stead
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2006)

Health care information technology changes the ecosystem of a practice. Human roles, process work flow, and technology infrastructure are tightly interrelated. Medical errors may increase if a change in one is not accommodated by a change in the others. Introduction of information technology should be approached as an iterative process of care improvement rather than as a one-time insertion of an information system into established practice. Information technology supports a family of technological approaches, each with distinct mechanisms of action, benefits, and side effects. By matching technological approach to task and staging introduction into practice, initial benefit can be obtained more quickly, at reduced cost, while managing risk of a misfit. A staged approach to turning direct access by patients to their health information into more effective care is presented as an example of this strategy.
Eicosanoid signalling pathways in the heart
Authors: C. M. Jenkins, A. Cedars, R. W. Gross
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Myocardial phospholipids serve as primary reservoirs of arachidonic acid (AA), which is liberated through the rate-determining hydrolytic action of cardiac phospholipases A2 (PLA2s). A predominant PLA2 in myocardium is calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β), which, through its calmodulin (CaM) and ATP-binding domains, is regulated by alterations in local cellular Ca2+ concentrations and cardiac bioenergetic status, respectively. Importantly, iPLA2β has been demonstrated to be activated by ischaemia through elevation of the concentration of myocardial fatty acyl-CoA, which abrogates Ca2+/CaM-mediated inhibition of iPLA2β. AA released by PLA2-catalysed hydrolysis of phospholipids serves as a precursor for eicosanoids generated by pathways dependent on cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochromes P450 (CYP). Eicosanoids initiate and propagate diverse signalling cascades, primarily through their interaction with cellular receptors and ion channels. However, during pathologic states such as ischaemia or congestive heart failure, eicosanoids contribute to multiple maladaptive changes including inflammation, alterations of cellular growth programmes, and activation of multiple transcriptional events leading to the deleterious sequelae of these pathologic states. This review summarizes the central roles of myocardial PLA2s in eicosanoid signalling in the heart, the major COX, LOX, and CYP pathways of eicosanoid generation in the myocardium, and the effects of important eicosanoids on receptor-, ion channel-, and transcription-mediated processes that facilitate cardiac hypertrophy, mediate ischaemic preconditioning, and precipitate arrhythmogenesis in response to pathologic stimuli.
A prognostic model for the prediction of survival in cystic fibrosis
Authors: K. M. Hayllar, S. G. Williams, A. E. Wise, S. Pouria, M. Lombard, M. E. Hodson, D. Westaby
Journal: Thorax (1997)

The treatment for endstage cystic fibrosis is, where appropriate, double-lung, heart-lung or, occasionally, heart-lung-liver transplantation. Optimising the timing of transplantation depends upon an accurate prediction of survival, but while current criteria give some guidance to this, they are not based upon statistically derived prognostic models.Data collected prospectively on 403 patients with cystic fibrosis, recruited between 1969 and 1987 (cohort A), were analysed by log rank and univariate Cox regression analysis to determine variables that accurately predict survival. The significant variables were then subject to time dependent multivariate Cox regression analysis to generate a prognostic model. The model was validated, within the study population, using split sample testing, and was subsequently validated in a further cohort of patients recruited since October 1988 (cohort B).One hundred and eighty eight (50.4%) of the study cohort died within the study period. Percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), percentage predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), short stature, high white cell count (WBC), and chronic liver disease (as evidenced by the presence of hepatomegaly) were negatively correlated with survival. These variables, when combined into a prognostic index, accurately predicted one year survival in the study population and in the cohort recruited since 1988.This prognostic index may prove valuable in predicting prognosis in other cohorts with cystic fibrosis and thereby improve the timing of transplantation.
The impact of a PCR assay for candidemia on antifungal drug prescribing in critical care: An interrupted time series pilot study
Authors: R. McMullan, L. Metwally, J.A. Troughton, P.V. Coyle, S. Hedderwick, D.F. McAuley, B.V. McCloskey, S. O'Hare, C.H. Webb, R.J. Hay
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Long term health impact of playing professional football in the United Kingdom
Authors: Andy P Turner, Julie H Barlow, Christian Heathcote-Elliott
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

To describe the long term impact of football on the health related quality of life (HRQL) of former professional footballers in the United Kingdom.A cross sectional survey gathered data from 284 former professional players. Respondents reported medical treatments, osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis, other morbidity, disability status, and work related disability since their football career. The EuroQol (EQ-5D) and global health rating scales were selected to assess HRQL.Medical treatment for football related injuries was a common feature, as was OA, with the knee being the most commonly affected joint. Respondents with OA reported poorer HRQL compared with those without OA. As with medical treatments and problems on each of the five EQ-5D dimensions (pain, mobility, usual activities, anxiety/depression, self care), frequency of disability and work related disability were higher among respondents with OA than those without.This exploratory study suggests that playing professional football can impact on the health of United Kingdom footballers in later life. The development of OA was associated with poorer outcomes on all aspects of HRQL.
A simple noninvasive index for predicting long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis C after interferon-based therapy
Authors: Ming-Lung Yu, Shi-Ming Lin, Chuan-Mo Lee, Chia-Yen Dai, Wen-Yu Chang, Shinn-Cherng Chen, Li-Po Lee, Zu-Yau Lin, Ming-Yuh Hsieh, Liang-Yen Wang, Wan-Long Chuang, Yun-Fan Liaw
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Changes in hepatic fibrosis after interferon-based therapy may be important in determining the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The use of liver biopsy for posttreatment assessment is not a viable option as a routine follow-up procedure. This study evaluated the predictive value of a simple noninvasive index, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index assessed 6 months after end of treatment (APRI-M6). We evaluated APRI-M6, platelet-M6, AST-M6, and α-fetoprotein-M6 of 776 CHC patients with interferon-based therapy as well as the parameters at baseline of 562 untreated patients who were evaluated to predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mortality, during a mean follow-up period of 4.75 (1.0–12.2) and 5.15 (1.0–16) years, respectively. Based on analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and using optimized cutoff point, the APRI-M6 and platelet-M6 had superior prediction models for long-term outcome with area under the curve of 0.870–0.875 and 0.824–0.847, respectively, and accuracy of 78%–81% and 76%–78%, respectively, for interferon-based-treated patients. The predictive values of all 4 parameters were poor in untreated patients. In subgroup analysis, the APRI-M6 provided a more consistent prediction ratio than platelet-M6 for sustained responders and cirrhosis-free subgroups; both parameters had similar prediction power for nonresponders and were unsatisfactory in patients with cirrhosis. According to Cox proportional hazards analysis, cirrhosis and APRI-M6 were the 2 most important factors for predicting HCC. In conclusion , APRI-M6 can accurately predict the long-term outcome of patients subjected to interferon-based treatment. Nevertheless, the data needs further validation, particularly since the predictive accuracy for patients with cirrhosis is low.
Association Between Hypoglycemia and Dementia in a Biracial Cohort of Older Adults With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kristine Yaffe, Cherie M. Falvey, Nathan Hamilton, Tamara B. Harris, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Elsa S. Strotmeyer, Ronald I. Shorr, Andrea Metti, Ann V. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Hypoglycemia commonly occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and may negatively influence cognitive performance. Cognitive impairment in turn can compromise DM management and lead to hypoglycemia.To prospectively evaluate the association between hypoglycemia and dementia in a biracial cohort of older adults with DM.Prospective population-based study.We studied 783 older adults with DM (mean age, 74.0 years; 47.0% of black race/ethnicity; and 47.6% female) who were participating in the prospective population-based Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study beginning in 1997 and who had baseline Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores of 80 or higher.Dementia diagnosis was determined during the follow-up period from hospital records indicating an admission associated with dementia or the use of prescribed dementia medications. Hypoglycemic events were determined during the follow-up period by hospital records.During the 12-year follow-up period, 61 participants (7.8%) had a reported hypoglycemic event, and 148 (18.9%) developed dementia. Those who experienced a hypoglycemic event had a 2-fold increased risk for developing dementia compared with those who did not have a hypoglycemic event (34.4% vs 17.6%, P < .001; multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.4). Similarly, older adults with DM who developed dementia had a greater risk for having a subsequent hypoglycemic event compared with participants who did not develop dementia (14.2% vs 6.3%, P < .001; multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5-6.6). Further adjustment for stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and cognitive change scores produced similar results.Among older adults with DM, there seems to be a bidirectional association between hypoglycemia and dementia.
The genomic challenge
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> COVID-19 pandemics has challenged emergency response systems worldwide, with widespread reports of essential services breakdown and collapse of health care structure. A critical element involves essential workforce management since current protocols recommend release from duty for symptomatic individuals, including essential personnel. Testing capacity is also problematic in several countries, where diagnosis demand outnumbers available local testing capacity. <h3>Purpose</h3> This work describes a machine learning model derived from hemogram exam data performed in symptomatic patients and how they can be used to predict qRT-PCR test results. <h3>Methods</h3> A <i>Naïve-Bayes</i> model for machine learning is proposed for handling different scarcity scenarios, including managing symptomatic essential workforce and absence of diagnostic tests. Hemogram result data was used to predict qRT-PCR results in situations where the latter was not performed, or results are not yet available. Adjusts in assumed prior probabilities allow fine-tuning of the model, according to actual prediction context. <h3>Results</h3> Proposed models can predict COVID-19 qRT-PCR results in symptomatic individuals with high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Data assessment can be performed in an individual or simultaneous basis, according to desired outcome. Based on hemogram data and background scarcity context, resource distribution is significantly optimized when model-based patient selection is observed, compared to random choice. The model can help manage testing deficiency and other critical circumstances. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Machine learning models can be derived from widely available, quick, and inexpensive exam data in order to predict qRT-PCR results used in COVID-19 diagnosis. These models can be used to assist strategic decision-making in resource scarcity scenarios, including personnel shortage, lack of medical resources, and testing insufficiency.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors: A New Class of Psychotropic Compounds
Authors: Jeffrey L. Cummings
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews evidence indicating that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have psychotropic properties. METHOD: The author reviewed the English-language literature pertinent to the response of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease and related conditions to cholinergic agents. RESULTS: The cholinergic system originates in the basal forebrain and projects diffusely to the cerebral cortex; the limbic and paralimbic regions receive the most abundant cholinergic projections. The basal forebrain nuclei are positioned at the interface of the limbic system and cerebral cortex, where they play a role in mediating emotional responses. The basal forebrain nuclei are atrophic in Alzheimer’s disease, leading to a widespread cholinergic deficit. The cholinergic disturbance may contribute to neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease. The treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors reduces neuropsychiatric symptoms, particularly apathy and visual hallucinations. In some studies, a variety of other neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported to respond to treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Response profiles vary among acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have psychotropic effects and may play an important role in controlling neuropsychiatric and behavioral disturbances in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. These agents also may contribute to the management of other disorders with cholinergic system abnormalities and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The beneficial response is most likely mediated through limbic cholinergic structures.