tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SULPHATED ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN ACTINIC ELASTOSIS
Authors: ROY SUMMERLY, B. M. JEFFERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article SULPHATED ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN ACTINIC ELASTOSIS Get access ROY SUMMERLY, ROY SUMMERLY Medical Research Council Unit for Research on the Experimental Pathology of the Skin, The Medical School, Birmingham 15 and The Skin Department, North Staffordshire Hospital Centre, Stoke‐on‐Trent, Staffs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. M. JEFFERSON B. M. JEFFERSON Medical Research Council Unit for Research on the Experimental Pathology of the Skin, The Medical School, Birmingham 15 and The Skin Department, North Staffordshire Hospital Centre, Stoke‐on‐Trent, Staffs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 1, 1 January 1969, Pages 51–59, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15919.x Published: 01 January 1969 Article history Accepted: 08 July 1968 Published: 01 January 1969
Parallel Genetic and Phenotypic Evolution of DNA Superhelicity in Experimental Populations of Escherichia coli
Authors: E. Crozat, C. Winkworth, J. Gaffe, P. F. Hallin, M. A. Riley, R. E. Lenski, D. Schneider
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

DNA supercoiling is the master function that interconnects chromosome structure and global gene transcription. This function has recently been shown to be under strong selection in Escherichia coli. During the evolution of 12 initially identical populations propagated in a defined environment for 20,000 generations, parallel increases in DNA supercoiling were observed in ten populations. The genetic changes associated with the increased supercoiling were examined in one population, and beneficial mutations in the genes topA (encoding topoisomerase I) and fis (encoding a histone-like protein) were identified. To elucidate the molecular basis and impact of these changes, we quantified the level of genetic, phenotypic, and molecular parallelism linked to DNA supercoiling in all 12 evolving populations. First, sequence determination of DNA topology-related loci revealed strong genetic parallelism, with mutations concentrated in three genes (topA, fis, and dusB), although the populations had different alleles at each locus. Statistical analyses of these polymorphisms implied the action of positive selection and, moreover, suggested that fis and dusB, which belong to the same operon, have related functions. Indeed, we demonstrated that DusB regulates the expression of fis by both experimental and phylogenetic analyses. Second, molecular analyses of five mutations in fis and dusB affecting the transcription, translation, and protein activity of Fis also revealed strong parallelism in the resulting phenotypic effects. Third, artificially increasing DNA supercoiling in one of the two populations that lacked DNA topology changes led to a significant fitness increase. The high levels of molecular and genetic parallelism, targeting a small subset of the many genes involved in DNA supercoiling, indicate that changes in DNA superhelicity have been important in the evolution of these populations. Surprisingly, however, most of the evolved alleles we tested had either no detectable or slightly deleterious effects on fitness, despite these signatures of positive selection.
Personality disorder and somatization
Authors: M. McCoubrie
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Professor Tyrer’s classification of personality disorder into R (treatment-resisting) and S (treatment-seeking) types (August 2004 JRSM1) has utility outside psychiatry—particularly in primary care, where people frequently consult with somatization disorder and simultaneously partake of complementary therapies elsewhere.2

Dimensional ratings may be more reliable than categorical ones, but most general practitioners will be able to recognize the R and S groupings in somatizers, the former anxious to change their environment, and the latter themselves.

When it comes to interventions it may be that, as in psychotherapy,3 doctor/patient factors are as important as the type of therapy used. If a somatizing tendency is a relatively fixed part of personality, people with R(S) and S(S) should select their primary care physicians with care. Perhaps their first and most important task is whether to choose a ‘splitter’ or a ‘lumper’.
Transcranial Doppler high-intensity transient signals during cardiac catheterization and angiography
Authors: K. Morimoto, Y. Matsumura, M. Ishikawa, T. Mitani, T. Doi, T. Fukui, Y. Osaki, H. Kitaoka, H. Seo, T. Chikamon, Y. Doi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Do Video Games Affect Blood Pressure?
Authors: Caryn Mazin
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  We made the hypothesis that playing video games raises blood pressure. We studied six subjects—females, 10, 11, 37, and 39 years, and males, 40 and 41 years. We took the resting blood pressure of each and then had the subject play each of six video games for five minutes. Blood pressure was taken immediately after completing the video game prior to a 30-minute rest between each game.  The resting blood pressure average was 106/62 mm Hg. The average blood pressures of the six subjects after playing the computer games were as follows: Pac-Man, 114/70 mm Hg; Carnival, 133/67 mm Hg; Space Invaders, 117/73 mm Hg; Bowling, 108/62 mm Hg; Kaboom, 118/74 mm Hg; and Night Driver, 117/66 mm Hg.  We conclude that playing video games raises blood pressures and that the more exciting games raise it most. When we told the subjects that their blood pressures did
Diet Improves Perception of Health and Well-being in Symptomatic, but Not Asymptomatic, Patients With Celiac Disease
Authors: Anniina Ukkola, Markku Mäki, Kalle Kurppa, Pekka Collin, Heini Huhtala, Leila Kekkonen, Katri Kaukinen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Common Botanical Compounds Inhibit the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Anna Ślusarz, Nader S. Shenouda, Mary S. Sakla, Sara K. Drenkhahn, Acharan S. Narula, Ruth S. MacDonald, Cynthia L. Besch-Williford, Dennis B. Lubahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Many botanical compounds have been proposed to prevent cancer. We investigated the cancer treatment and prevention abilities of apigenin, baicalein, curcumin, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), genistein, quercetin, and resveratrol both in vivo in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice as well as in vitro in prostate cancer cell lines. In our experiments, these seven compounds act similarly to the Hedgehog antagonist cyclopamine, a teratogenic plant alkaloid, which had been previously shown to “cure” prostate cancer in a mouse xenograft model. With IC50 values ranging from &amp;lt;1 to 25 μmol/L, these compounds can inhibit Gli1 mRNA concentration by up to 95% and downregulate Gli reporter activity by 80%. We show that four compounds, genistein, curcumin, EGCG, and resveratrol, inhibit Hedgehog signaling as monitored by real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of Gli1 mRNA concentration or by Gli reporter activity. Three compounds, apigenin, baicalein, and quercetin, decreased Gli1 mRNA concentration but not Gli reporter activity. Our results show that these compounds are also able to reduce or delay prostate cancer in vivo in TRAMP mice. All seven compounds, when fed in combination as pure compounds or as crude plant extracts, inhibit well-differentiated carcinoma of the prostate by 58% and 81%, respectively. In vitro, we show that all seven compounds also inhibit growth in human and mouse prostate cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, we propose the Hedgehog signaling pathway to be a direct or indirect target of these compounds. These botanicals at pharmacologic concentrations are potentially safer and less expensive alternatives to cyclopamine and its pharmaceutical analogues for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 70(8); 3382–90. ©2010 AACR.
Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate?
Authors: Keith E. Stanovich, Richard F. West
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Much research in the last two decades has demonstrated that human responses deviate from the performance deemed normative according to various models of decision making and rational judgment (e.g., the basic axioms of utility theory). This gap between the normative and the descriptive can be interpreted as indicating systematic irrationalities in human cognition. However, four alternative interpretations preserve the assumption that human behavior and cognition is largely rational. These posit that the gap is due to (1) performance errors, (2) computational limitations, (3) the wrong norm being applied by the experimenter, and (4) a different construal of the task by the subject. In the debates about the viability of these alternative explanations, attention has been focused too narrowly on the modal response. In a series of experiments involving most of the classic tasks in the heuristics and biases literature, we have examined the implications of individual differences in performance for each of the four explanations of the normative/descriptive gap. Performance errors are a minor factor in the gap; computational limitations underlie non-normative responding on several tasks, particularly those that involve some type of cognitive decontextualization. Unexpected patterns of covariance can suggest when the wrong norm is being applied to a task or when an alternative construal of the task should be considered appropriate.
Effect and mechanism of action of isosorbide-5-mononitrate.
Authors: P C Hayes, D Westaby, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1988)

Nitrates have been shown to decrease portal pressure in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension and this has been attributed to decreased portal venous resistance. We studied the effect and mechanism of action of oral administration of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (Is-5-Mn) (20 mg), which, unlike the dinitrate, does not require hepatic biotransformation to a vasoactive metabolite on portal and systemic haemodynamics in 11 patients with portal hypertension complicating cirrhosis. A significant reduction in portal pressure gradient (WHVP-FHVP) (from 23.9 (3.4) to 21.8 (3.4) mmHg: p less than 0.005) occurred 60 minutes after Is-5-Mn due entirely to a fall in WHVP, associated with decreased estimated liver blood flow (from 1940 (159) to 1639 (179) ml/min: p less than 0.05). Right atrial and pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac index fell significantly whilst mean arterial pressure remained unaffected. Heart rate and the calculated systemic vascular resistance index increased significantly. Significant correlations existed between the reduction in portal pressure gradient and fall in cardiac index (r = 0.65, p less than 0.05) and increase in systemic vascular resistance index (r = 0.72, p less than 0.02). The observed decrease in estimated liver blood flow, in association with an increase in systemic vascular resistance index, suggests that baroreceptor mediated splanchnic vasoconstriction may be one of the factors responsible for the fall in portal pressure, rather than portal venous dilatation.
Low and High Dose UVB Regulation of Transcription Factor NF-E2-Related Factor 2
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Kannan, Anil K. Jaiswal
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)–mediated expression and coordinated induction of chemoprotective proteins in response to chemical stress. In this report, we investigated Nrf2 response to low and high dose UVB irradiation. Low dose (7.5 J/m2) UVB exposure of mouse hepatoma, mouse keratinocyte, and human skin fibroblast cells led to the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and up-regulation of ARE-mediated gene expression. On the contrary, and intriguingly, high dose (20 J/m2) UVB exposure of cells led to the nuclear exclusion of Nrf2 and down-regulation of chemoprotective gene expression with possible implications in UVB carcinogenesis. We investigated the mechanism by which high dose UVB induced the nuclear exclusion of Nrf2. Prior treatment with nuclear export inhibitor, leptomycin B, abrogated the UVB-induced nuclear exclusion of Nrf2, indicating that the decrease of Nrf2 in the nucleus was due to the nuclear export of Nrf2. High dose UVB increased the phosphorylation of Nrf2Y568 which stimulated the nuclear export of Nrf2. Mutation of Nrf2Y568 to phenylalanine and src kinase inhibitor PP2 abrogated/reduced the UVB-induced phosphorylation of Nrf2Y568 and nuclear exclusion of Nrf2. Transfection with src family member Fyn small interfering RNA resulted in the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and an increase in the expression and UVB induction of ARE-mediated gene expression. UVB exposure also induced the nuclear localization of Fyn. These results suggest that high dose UVB induced the activation/nuclear localization of Fyn which led to increased phosphorylation of Nrf2Y568 and enhanced nuclear export of Nrf2. This resulted in nuclear exclusion of Nrf2 and down-regulation of ARE-mediated chemoprotective gene expression. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8421-9)
The Enigmatic Plasmacytoid T Cells Develop into Dendritic Cells with Interleukin (IL)-3 and CD40-Ligand
Authors: Géraldine Grouard, Marie-Clotilde Rissoan, Luis Filgueira, Isabelle Durand, Jacques Banchereau, Yong-Jun Liu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

A subset of CD4+CD11c−CD3− blood cells was recently shown to develop into dendritic cells when cultured with monocyte conditioned medium. Here, we demonstrate that CD4+ CD11c−CD3− cells, isolated from tonsils, correspond to the so-called plasmacytoid T cells, an obscure cell type that has long been observed by pathologists within secondary lymphoid tissues. They express CD45RA, but not markers specific for known lymphoid- or myeloid-derived cell types. They undergo rapid apoptosis in culture, unless rescued by IL-3. Further addition of CD40-ligand results in their differentiation into dendritic cells that express low levels of myeloid antigens CD13 and CD33.
Tiling microarray analysis of rice chromosome 10 to identify the transcriptome and relate its expression to chromosomal architecture.
Authors: Lei Li, Xiangfeng Wang, Mian Xia, Viktor Stolc, Ning Su, Zhiyu Peng, Songgang Li, Jun Wang, Xiping Wang, Xing Wang Deng
Journal: Genome biology (2005)

Sequencing and annotation of the genome of rice (Oryza sativa) have generated gene models in numbers that top all other fully sequenced species, with many lacking recognizable sequence homology to known genes. Experimental evaluation of these gene models and identification of new models will facilitate rice genome annotation and the application of this knowledge to other more complex cereal genomes.We report here an analysis of the chromosome 10 transcriptome of the two major rice subspecies, japonica and indica, using oligonucleotide tiling microarrays. This analysis detected expression of approximately three-quarters of the gene models without previous experimental evidence in both subspecies. Cloning and sequence analysis of the previously unsupported models suggests that the predicted gene structure of nearly half of those models needs improvement. Coupled with comparative gene model mapping, the tiling microarray analysis identified 549 new models for the japonica chromosome, representing an 18% increase in the annotated protein-coding capacity. Furthermore, an asymmetric distribution of genome elements along the chromosome was found that coincides with the cytological definition of the heterochromatin and euchromatin domains. The heterochromatin domain appears to associate with distinct chromosome level transcriptional activities under normal and stress conditions.These results demonstrated the utility of genome tiling microarray in evaluating annotated rice gene models and in identifying novel transcriptional units. The tiling microarray sanalysis further revealed a chromosome-wide transcription pattern that suggests a role for transposable element-enriched heterochromatin in shaping global transcription in response to environmental changes in rice.
Clinical Trial in Nephrology at Hard End Point?
Authors: Dick de Zeeuw, Pieter A. de Graeff
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

The clinical trial as it is conceived today has the purpose of evaluating a treatment strategy for a given disease according to a set of more or less strict rules. These rules have been narrowed in the last decade to ensure that the outcome of the trial can be interpreted with success and preferably
Relaxation is impaired in the diaphragm muscle of the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster.
Authors: C Coirault, D Chemla, J C Pourny, F Lambert, B Riou, Y Lecarpentier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Relaxation was examined in diaphragm muscle strips of cardiomyopathic Syrian hamsters and control hamsters. Isotonic lengthening velocity and isometric tension decay were analyzed over the load continuum in response to twitch. For each load level (P), we measured the maximum extent of shortening (deltaL), the peak lengthening velocity (VL), and the peak rate of tension decline (-dP/dtmax). The kinetics of sarcomere length (SL) were simultaneously measured by laser diffraction. In an attempt to account for the influence of shortening and/or load on relaxation, we calculated the slopes of the VL - deltaL and -dP/dtmax - P relationships. In both groups, there was a direct relationship between (1) VL and deltaL and (2) -dP/dtmax and P. In myopathic hamsters, we observed a decrease in the slope of the VL - deltaL relationship (p < 0.05), a decrease in VL at any common value of both muscle and sarcomere extent of shortening, and an increase in the duration of overall lengthening. Isometric tension decay was significantly prolonged in myopathic muscle strips, while the -dP/dtmax - P relationship was not significantly different than in controls. At low-to-medium loads, SLs at the onset of tension decline were greater in myopathy. These data indicate that relaxation of the diaphragm was both slowed and prolonged in myopathic Syrian hamsters.
Correlation between overall survival and growth modulation index in pre-treated sarcoma patients: a study from the French Sarcoma Group
Authors: S. Cousin, J.Y. Blay, F. Bertucci, N. Isambert, A. Italiano, E. Bompas, I. Ray-Coquard, D. Perrot, M. Chaix, B. Bui-Nguyen, L. Chaigneau, N. Corradini, N. Penel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Watch out for the sharks
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2007)

I jumped as the severed head floated on screen—I was 10 when I saw Jaws . Fifteen years later I tried to learn to surf. Catching a wave is a life enhancing moment. I knew the statistics of shark attacks, but thumping cello chords were often with me in the water. From Sydney to Surfers Paradise and Noosa we travelled in our cliched T shirts and beads. But when a huge finned mass zipped past me in the water off Byron Bay—a dolphin—my Australian surfing odyssey was over. We are not rational beings but prisoners of …
THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE BY X RAYS: ITS PRESENT LIMITATIONS, AND THE LINES UPON WHICH THEY MAY BE OVERCOME
Authors: J. A. Codd
Journal: BMJ (1915)

The extisio is then tighltened up and~a few strapsale applied over all to keep th-e legI frm at times when the patient may bp rolled-on-bis side (Fig. 3).-In the first weeks of the treatment of compound injuries an;y accessory splints will be found nmerelyan encumbrahne.Wlhen thie woun sk are in a satisfactory statW they can-be applied it the frag,ments do not fall into good position.After- Treatment.
Characterization of Bone Metastases from Rapid Autopsies of Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Rohit Mehra, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Sunita Shankar, Robert J. Lonigro, Xiaojun Jing, Neena E. Philips, Javed Siddiqui, Bo Han, Xuhong Cao, David C. Smith, Rajal B. Shah, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Kenneth J. Pienta
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Bone is the most common metastatic site for prostate cancer, and osseous metastases are the leading cause of morbidity from this disease. Recent autopsy studies prove that 100% of men who die of prostate cancer have bone involvement. Understanding the biology of prostate cancer and its evolution to an incurable androgen-independent phenotype requires an understanding of the genetic and cellular alterations that lead to the seeding and proliferation of tumor foci in bone, as well as the microenvironment in which these metastases arise. No intensive studies, however, have been conducted on osseous metastatic tissues from patients with metastatic prostate cancer due to lack of access to such tissues for profiling and other research.We show, for the first time, a reproducible methodology to obtain high quality clinical tumor tissues metastatic to the bone. This technique allowed the procurement of viable metastatic tumor tissue from involved bones in 13 recent autopsies conducted at the University of Michigan and analyzed the gene expression of these tissues using real-time PCR and microarrays.We present here the discovery of nonossified bone metastases from multiple patients with advanced prostate cancer and their subsequent characterization and comparison to nonosseous metastases from the same patients.This represents a versatile and practical approach that may be employed to characterize the steps in metastasis and the phenotypic characteristics of osseous metastasis of prostate cancer and to profile RNA, DNA, and cDNA from tumor samples metastatic to the bone.
Role for DNA repair factor XRCC4 in immunoglobulin class switch recombination
Authors: Pauline Soulas-Sprauel, Gwenaël Le Guyader, Paola Rivera-Munoz, Vincent Abramowski, Christelle Olivier-Martin, Cécile Goujet-Zalc, Pierre Charneau, Jean-Pierre de Villartay
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

V(D)J recombination and immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) are two somatic rearrangement mechanisms that proceed through the introduction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA. Although the DNA repair factor XRCC4 is essential for the resolution of DNA DSB during V(D)J recombination, its role in CSR has not been established. To bypass the embryonic lethality of XRCC4 deletion in mice, we developed a conditional XRCC4 knockout (KO) using LoxP-flanked XRCC4 cDNA lentiviral transgenesis. B lymphocyte restricted deletion of XRCC4 in these mice lead to an average two-fold reduction in CSR in vivo and in vitro. Our results connect XRCC4 and the nonhomologous end joining DNA repair pathway to CSR while reflecting the possible use of an alternative pathway in the repair of CSR DSB in the absence of XRCC4. In addition, this new conditional KO approach should be useful in studying other lethal mutations in mice.