tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Na-K-ATPase inhibitors to blood-pressure regulation in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.
Authors: E W Weiler, L F Saldanha, F Khalil-Manesh, B A Prins, R E Purdy, H C Gonick
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Inhibitors of sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In the study presented here, an attempt was made to determine whether differences in the plasma levels and the removal rates of high-molecular weight (HMW) and low-molecular weight (LMW) forms of Na-K-ATPase inhibitors might relate to blood-pressure control in hemodialysis (N = six ultrafiltered and N = six non-ultrafiltered) and CAPD (N = six long-term and N = five short-term) patients. The latter group was studied before the initiation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 2 wk after starting the treatment. The mean blood pressure was significantly reduced after dialysis in the nonultrafiltered hemodialysis group and in both CAPD groups. Plasma levels of both HMW and LMW inhibitors were found to be elevated before dialysis in all patients and were modified only slightly after dialysis. Irrespective of whether ultrafiltration was utilized in hemodialysis patients and despite significant losses of both HMW and LMW inhibitors into CAPD effluent. Because CAPD effluent was found to contain vasopressors that were not exclusively Na-K-ATPase inhibitors, losses of these other vasopressors may contribute to improved blood-pressure control in CAPD in contrast to hemodialysis.
A comparative study of folate receptor-targeted doxorubicin delivery systems: Dosing regimens and therapeutic index
Authors: Anna Scomparin, Stefano Salmaso, Anat Eldar-Boock, Dikla Ben-Shushan, Shiran Ferber, Galia Tiram, Hilary Shmeeda, Natalie Landa-Rouben, Jonathan Leor, Paolo Caliceti, Alberto Gabizon, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
HEARTBURN IN PREGNANCY
Authors: E. B. Rayner
Journal: BMJ (1933)

antitoxin and eight 500 units.His' conclusion was as follows:"A few children showed a positive reaction as early as the seventh day.Most of them, however, did not react positively till eighteen to twenty-eight days after the in- jection, one reacting negatively-for forty-six days.No differ- ence was noticed in this respect between those receiving 500 units and those receiving twice that amount."* I am indebted to Dr. John Eason of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, for permission to scrutinize a series of case records where hyposetretion had been proved by test meal.
The benefits of diagnostic ERCP in autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: M. M. Lerch, J. Mayerle
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Transportation of goods on railways is increasing and the majority of the increased numbers of freight trains run during the night. Transportation noise has adverse effects on sleep structure, affects the heart rate (HR) during sleep and may be linked to cardiovascular disease. Freight trains also generate vibration and little is known regarding the impact of vibration on human sleep. A laboratory study was conducted to examine how a realistic nocturnal railway traffic scenario influences HR during sleep. <h3>Design</h3> Case–control. <h3>Setting</h3> Healthy participants. <h3>Participants</h3> 24 healthy volunteers (11 men, 13 women, 19–28 years) spent six consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. <h3>Interventions</h3> All participants slept during one habituation night, one control and four experimental nights in which train noise and vibration were reproduced. In the experimental nights, 20 or 36 trains with low-vibration or high-vibration characteristics were presented. <h3>Primary and secondary outcome measures</h3> Polysomnographical data and ECG were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> The train exposure led to a significant change of HR within 1 min of exposure onset (p=0.002), characterised by an initial and a delayed increase of HR. The high-vibration condition provoked an average increase of at least 3 bpm per train in 79% of the participants. Cardiac responses were in general higher in the high-vibration condition than in the low-vibration condition (p=0.006). No significant effect of noise sensitivity and gender was revealed, although there was a tendency for men to exhibit stronger HR acceleration than women. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Freight trains provoke HR accelerations during sleep, and the vibration characteristics of the trains are of special importance. In the long term, this may affect cardiovascular functioning of persons living close to railways.
Association Between Helicobacter pylori and Barrett's Esophagus, Erosive Esophagitis, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms
Authors: Joel H. Rubenstein, John M. Inadomi, James Scheiman, Philip Schoenfeld, Henry Appelman, Min Zhang, Val Metko, John Y. Kao
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Influence of Dosing Schedule on Toxicity and Antitumor Effects of a Combination of Adriamycin and Docetaxel in Mice
Authors: Hideto To, Mikiko Shin, Mayumi Tabuchi, Hiromi Sakaguchi, Ayako Takeuchi, Naoya Matsunaga, Shun Higuchi, Shigehiro Ohdo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Although the combination of Adriamycin (ADR) and docetaxel (DOC) showed a better cure rate against metastatic breast cancer in a clinical study, severe myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity were dose-limiting factors. The purpose of this study was to establish the most suitable dosing schedule to relieve severe adverse effects and improve the antitumor effects. Experimental Design: Both ADR and DOC were administered simultaneously in the simultaneous-dosing group (ADR/DOC), whereas in the intermittent-dosing groups (ADR-DOC and DOC-ADR), the second drug was administered 12 h after the first drug. Leukocyte counts and survival were measured to estimate adverse effects. After administration, ADR and DOC concentrations in blood, myelocyte cells, and heart were determined. To clarify the antitumor effect, tumor growth was measured in Ehrlich-cell-bearing mice after the initiation of drug injections. Results: The simultaneous-dosing group showed severe leukopenia compared with the saline-treated group. However, the toxicity was reduced in the intermittent-dosing groups. The DOC-ADR group showed the best survival rate in the dosing groups. In the pharmacokinetic study, ADR and DOC concentrations in plasma, myelocyte cells, and the heart were markedly higher in the simultaneous-dosing group than the intermittent-dosing groups. These results indicate that pharmacokinetic interactions may contribute to the change in leukopenia induced by concurrent administration of ADR and DOC. The antitumor effect in the DOC-ADR group was the highest in the dosing groups. Conclusions: In the present study, the findings suggest that ADR administered 12 h after DOC injection (DOC-ADR group) not only inhibits tumor growth more strongly but also significantly reduces leukopenia compared with results for the simultaneous-dosing (ADR/DOC) group and significantly reduced the number of toxic deaths compared with the other groups.
Self-complementary adeno-associated virus vectors containing a novel liver-specific human factor IX expression cassette enable highly efficient transduction of murine and nonhuman primate liver
Authors: Amit C. Nathwani, John T. Gray, Catherine Y. C. Ng, Junfang Zhou, Yunyu Spence, Simon N. Waddington, Edward G. D. Tuddenham, Geoffrey Kemball-Cook, Jenny McIntosh, Mariette Boon-Spijker, Koen Mertens, Andrew M. Davidoff
Journal: Blood (2005)
Short Sleep Duration Measured by Wrist Actimetry Is Associated With Deteriorated Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Anne-Laure Borel, Jean-Louis Pépin, Laure Nasse, Jean-Philippe Baguet, Sophie Netter, Pierre-Yves Benhamou
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Sleep restriction has been associated with deteriorated insulin sensitivity. The effects of short sleep duration have been explored little in patients with type 1 diabetes. This study addresses the question of whether sleep curtailment affects HbA1c levels in patients with type 1 diabetes.Seventy-nine adult patients with type 1 diabetes (median age 40 years [IQR 23-49]; 47% men) were recruited to wear a wrist actimetry sensor during 3 consecutive days to assess mean sleep duration during normal daily life. A subsample of 37 patients also performed 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Medical history, sleep questionnaires, and diabetes-related quality of life (DQOL) were assessed.Patients having shorter sleep duration--less than 6.5 h (n=21)--had higher levels of HbA1c (P=0.01) than patients with longer sleep duration, above 6.5 h (n=58). In a multivariable regression model including shorter versus longer sleep duration, diabetes duration, DQOL score, and daily activity, sleep duration was the only variable independently associated with HbA1c (R2=10%). In patients who performed 24-h ABPM, patients with a nondipping pattern of blood pressure exhibited shorter sleep duration than patients with a dipping pattern of blood pressure.Shorter sleep duration is associated with higher HbA1c levels in patients with type 1 diabetes, as well as with a nondipping pattern of blood pressure, anticipating a long-term deleterious impact on the risk of microvascular complications. Further studies should test whether extending the duration of sleep may improve both HbA1c and blood pressure in type 1 diabetes.
Gene Gain and Gene Loss in Streptococcus: Is It Driven by Habitat?
Authors: P. R. Marri, W. Hao, G. B. Golding
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Bacterial genomes can evolve either by gene gain, gene loss, mutating existing genes, and/or by duplication of existing genes. Recent studies have clearly demonstrated that the acquisition of new genes by lateral gene transfer (LGT) is a predominant force in bacterial evolution. To better understand the significance of LGT, we employed a comparative genomics approach to model species-specific and intraspecies gene insertions/deletions (ins/del among 12 sequenced streptococcal genomes using a maximum likelihood method. This study indicates that the rate of gene ins/del is higher on the external branches and varies dramatically for each species. We have analyzed here some of the experimentally characterized species-specific genes that have been acquired by LGT and conclude that at least a portion of these genes have a role in adaptation.
Cruciferous vegetables consumption and the risk of female lung cancer: a prospective study and a meta-analysis
Authors: Q.J. Wu, L. Xie, W. Zheng, E. Vogtmann, H.L. Li, G. Yang, B.T. Ji, Y.T. Gao, X.O. Shu, Y.B. Xiang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
γ-Tocotrienol Inhibits Pancreatic Tumors and Sensitizes Them to Gemcitabine Treatment by Modulating the Inflammatory Microenvironment
Authors: Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, Bokyung Sung, Jayaraj Ravindran, Parmeswaran Diagaradjane, Amit Deorukhkar, Sanjit Dey, Cemile Koca, Vivek R. Yadav, Zhimin Tong, Juri G. Gelovani, Sushovan Guha, Sunil Krishnan, Bharat B. Aggarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic cancers generally respond poorly to chemotherapy, prompting a need to identify agents that could sensitize tumors to treatment. In this study, we investigated the response of human pancreatic cells to γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3), a novel, unsaturated form of vitamin E found in palm oil and rice bran oil, to determine whether it could potentiate the effects of gemcitabine, a standard of care in clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer. γ-T3 inhibited the in vitro proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines with variable p53 status and potentiated gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. These effects correlated with an inhibition of NF-κB activation by γ-T3 and a suppression of key cellular regulators including cyclin D1, c-Myc, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Bcl-2, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein, survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ICAM-1, and CXCR4. In an orthotopic nude mouse model of human pancreatic cancer, p.o. administration of γ-T3 inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor properties of gemcitabine. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a correlation between tumor growth inhibition and reduced expression of Ki-67, COX-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), NF-κB p65, and VEGF in the tissue. Combination treatment also downregulated NF-κB activity along with the NF-κB–regulated gene products, such as cyclin D1, c-Myc, VEGF, MMP-9, and CXCR4. Consistent with an enhancement of tumor apoptosis, caspase activation was observed in tumor tissues. Overall, our findings suggest that γ-T3 can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic tumors and sensitize them to gemcitabine by suppressing NF-κB–mediated inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8695–705. ©2010 AACR.
US is accused of jeopardising HIV prevention in Uganda
Authors: Ozge Tuncalp
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The United Nations' special envoy for HIV and AIDS in Africa, Stephen Lewis, has accused the United States of bowing to pressure from religious groups and promoting abstinence only programmes in Uganda to prevent HIV infection.

Uganda has been one of Africa's success stories in terms of HIV prevention. The rate of transmission of HIV declined from 15% a year in 1991 to 5% in 2001. One of the generally accepted reasons for the success has been President Yoweri Museveni's acknowledgment of the epidemic …
Effect of regular exercise on asthma control in young adults
Authors: Sirpa A.M. Heikkinen, Maritta S. Jaakkola, Reginald Quansah, Jouni J.K. Jaakkola
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: According to systematic literature search, only a few studies have assessed the effects of regular exercise on asthma control. To our knowledge no other study has assessed these effects among young adults.  Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of regular exercise on asthma control.  Methods: We analyzed with a cross-sectional design the Espoo Cohort 2010 questionnaire data collected at the 20-year follow-up. A total of 152 asthmatics 20-27 years old participated. Asthma control was evaluated by asthma-related symptoms including occurrence of wheezing, shortness of breath, cough, and phlegm production during the past 12 months. Asthma symptom score was calculated based on the frequencies of these symptoms (Range: 0-12). Exercise was assessed by hours/week.  Results: Our results show that asthmatics who exercise regularly experience less asthma symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath. Also phlegm production was reduced in relation to regular exercise. Poisson regression showed that asthma symptom score was reduced by -0.45 points/hour of exercise (95 % CI: -0.72 - -0.17).  Conclusions: Our results indicate that asthma symptoms are reduced in relation to regular exercise. We conclude that asthmatics seem to benefit from regular exercise leading to an improvement in asthma control.
Aberrant Methylation and Deacetylation of <i>Deleted in Liver Cancer-1</i> Gene in Prostate Cancer: Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Ming Guan, Xiaoling Zhou, Nikolaos Soulitzis, Demetrios A. Spandidos, Nicholas C. Popescu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1) gene that encodes a Rho GTPase-activating protein with tumor suppressor function is located on chromosome 8p21-22, a region frequently deleted in prostate carcinomas. This study was designed to determine whether DLC-1 is deregulated in prostate carcinomas and to assess the contribution of DLC-1 alterations to prostate carcinogenesis. Experimental Design: Primary prostate carcinomas, prostate carcinoma cell lines, benign prostatic hyperplasias, and normal prostatic tissues were examined for detection of functional and structural alterations of the DLC-1 gene by real-time PCR, methylation-specific PCR, and Southern and Western blots. Results: Down-regulation or loss of DCL-1 mRNA expression was detected in 10 of 27 (37%) prostate carcinomas, 3 of 5 (60%) prostate carcinoma cell lines, and 5 of 21 (24%) benign prostatic hyperplasias. DLC-1 promoter methylation was identified in 13 of 27 (48%) prostate carcinomas and 2 matching normal tissues and in 15 of 21 (71%) benign prostatic hyperplasias but was absent in 10 normal prostatic tissues from noncancerous individuals. Genomic deletions were found in only 3 prostate carcinomas and 1 benign prostatic hyperplasia. DLC-1 protein was not detected in 8 of 27 (30%) prostate carcinomas and 11 of 21 (52%) benign prostatic hyperplasias. Methylation of DLC-1 correlated with age in prostate carcinoma patients (P = 0.006) and with prostate-specific antigen blood levels in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients (P = 0.029). Treatment of the three prostate carcinoma cell lines (PC-3, LNCaP, and 22Rv1) expressing a low level of DLC-1 transcripts with inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase or histone deacetylase increased DLC-1 expression. Conclusions: These results show that the transcriptional silencing of DLC-1 by two epigenetic mechanisms is common and may be involved in the pathogenesis of prostate carcinomas and benign prostatic hyperplasias and could have potential clinical application in the early detection and gene therapy of prostate cancer.
<i>c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 2</i> Deficiency Protects Against Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Elena Osto, Christian M. Matter, Alexei Kouroedov, Tadeusz Malinski, Markus Bachschmid, Giovanni G. Camici, Ulkan Kilic, Thomas Stallmach, Jan Boren, Sabino Iliceto, Thomas F. Lüscher, Francesco Cosentino
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species is a major trigger of atherogenesis. The c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are activated by oxidative stress and play a key role in atherogenesis and inflammation. We investigated whether JNK2 deletion protects from hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress.Male JNK2 knockout (JNK2(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice (8 weeks old) were fed either a high-cholesterol diet (HCD; 1.25% total cholesterol) or a normal diet for 14 weeks. Aortic lysates of WT mice fed a HCD showed an increase in JNK phosphorylation compared with WT mice fed a normal diet (P<0.05). Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine were impaired in WT HCD mice (P<0.05 versus WT normal diet). In contrast, JNK2(-/-) HCD mice did not exhibit endothelial dysfunction (96+/-5% maximal relaxation in response to acetylcholine; P<0.05 versus WT HCD). Endothelium-independent relaxations were identical in all groups. A hypercholesterolemia-induced decrease in nitric oxide (NO) release of endothelial cells was found in WT but not in JNK2(-/-) mice. In parallel, endothelial NO synthase expression was upregulated only in JNK2(-/-) HCD animals, whereas the expression of antioxidant defense systems such as extracellular superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide dismutase was decreased in WT but not in JNK2(-/-) HCD mice. In contrast to JNK2(-/-) mice, WT HCD displayed an increase in O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) concentrations as well as nitrotyrosine staining and peroxidation.JNK2 plays a critical role as a mediator of hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Thus, JNK2 may provide a novel target for prevention of vascular disease and atherosclerosis.
Genomic DNA-Chip Hybridization Reveals a Higher Incidence of Genomic Amplifications in Pancreatic Cancer than Conventional Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Leads to the Identification of Novel Candidate Genes
Authors: Karlheinz Holzmann, Holger Kohlhammer, Carsten Schwaenen, Swen Wessendorf, Hans A. Kestler, Alexandra Schwoerer, Bettina Rau, Bernd Radlwimmer, Hartmut Döhner, Peter Lichter, Thomas Gress, Martin Bentz
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Genomic analyses aimed at the detection of high-level DNA amplifications were performed on 13 widely used pancreatic cancer cell lines and 6 pancreatic tumor specimens. For these analyses, array-based comparative genomic hybridization (Matrix-CGH) onto dedicated microarrays was used. In comparison with chromosomal CGH (eight amplifications), a &amp;gt;3-fold number of DNA amplifications was detected (n = 29). The most frequent amplifications mapped to 7p12.3 (three pancreatic cancer cell lines and three pancreatic tumor specimens), 8q24 (four pancreatic cancer cell lines and one pancreatic tumor specimen), 11q13 (three pancreatic cancer cell lines and three pancreatic tumor specimens), and 20q13 (four pancreatic cancer cell lines and three pancreatic tumor specimens). Genes contained in the consensus regions were MYC (8q24), EGFR (7p12.3), and FGF3 (11q13). In six of seven pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic tumor specimens with 20q13 amplifications, the novel candidate gene NFAT C2, which plays a role in the activation of cytokines, was amplified. Other amplifications also affected genes for which a pathogenetic role in pancreatic carcinoma has not been described, such as BCL10 and BCL6, two members of the BCL family. A subset of amplified genes was checked for overexpression by means of real-time PCR, revealing the highest expression levels for BCL6 and BCL10. Thus, Matrix-CGH allows the detection of a high number of amplifications, resulting in the identification of novel candidate genes in pancreatic cancer.
Effects of allergy and age on responses to salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in moderate asthma and chronic bronchitis.
Authors: C P van Schayck, H Folgering, H Harbers, K L Maas, C van Weel
Journal: Thorax (1991)

The bronchodilating responses to 400 micrograms salbutamol and 80 micrograms ipratropium bromide were studied in 188 patients with chronic bronchitis (n = 113) or asthma (n = 75) and mild to moderate airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) above 50% but below 2 SD of predicted value) in a crossover study on two days a week apart. Both the patients with asthma and the patients with chronic bronchitis varied considerably in their responses to the salbutamol and the ipratropium bromide. The mean increase in FEV1 in the subjects with asthma was higher after salbutamol (0.371 or 18% of the prebronchodilator value) than after ipratropium bromide (0.26 1 or 13%). In chronic bronchitis there was no difference between the increase in FEV1 after salbutamol (0.161 or 7%) and after ipratropium bromide (0.191 or 8%). When patients were categorised into those with a better response to salbutamol 400 micrograms and those with a better response to ipratropium bromide 80 micrograms, patients with chronic bronchitis responded better in general to ipratropium bromide whereas asthmatic patients responded better to salbutamol. The response pattern was also related to allergy and age, allergic patients and patients under 60 being more likely to respond better to salbutamol 400 micrograms than non-allergic patients and older patients, who benefited more from ipratropium bromide 80 micrograms. The response pattern was not related to sex, smoking habits, lung function, bronchial reactivity, respiratory symptoms, or number of exacerbations during the preceding year.