tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noncontraceptive health benefits of combined oral contraception
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2005)

Contraception is one of the keystones of reproductive health. The availability of effective contraception has helped to change dramatically the structure of the world's population during the last 50 years, through a demographic transition involving lower fertility rates and longer survival. As the transition evolves more slowly in developing countries, different effects on population structures contribute to civil strains. Oral contraception (OC) is an extremely effective method of contraception that also confers health benefits beyond pregnancy prevention. Notable effects on the reproductive system include relief from troublesome symptoms associated with menstruation such as heavy periods, painful periods and irregular bleeding. Many women also have improvement in acne and hirsutism. Moreover, OCs may be used to treat menorrhagia or symptomatic endometriosis. Use of OCs is associated with a long lasting reduction in the risk of developing cancer of the ovary and the endometrium. The effects on benign breast disease (BBD), bone health and colon cancer are less clear and merit further investigation.
Utility of clinical suspicion and endoscopic re-examination for detection of esophagogastric perforation after pneumatic dilation for achalasia
Authors: Andreas Zori, Tejas Kirtane, Anand Gupte, Shailendra Chauhan, Peter Draganov, Chris Forsmark, Mihir Wagh
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Esophagrams are often obtained routinely after pneumatic balloon dilation for achalasia, even in asymptomatic patients, as there is a risk of postprocedure esophagogastric perforation, which is a potentially life-threatening complication. The aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of a clinical suspicion of perforation and endoscopic re-examination after pneumatic dilation for achalasia can detect esophagogastric perforation, and thereby preclude the need for routine esophagrams in all patients.All patients who underwent pneumatic dilation between January 2002 and June 2012 at our single tertiary referral center were identified retrospectively. Procedures were categorized into two groups: Group 1 underwent routine esophagograms after pneumatic dilation, and Group 2 underwent esophagograms only if there was a clinical suspicion of perforation. The detection rate of esophageal perforation after pneumatic dilation was compared between the two groups.A total of 119 achalasia dilation procedures were performed in 70 patients. Group 1 included 49/119 procedures (41.2 %), all of which were followed by routine esophagograms. Group 2 included 70/119 procedures (58.8 %), 12 of which were followed by esophagograms based on a clinical suspicion of perforation. No esophageal perforations were found in Group 1, whereas three were found in Group 2. No perforations occurred in the 58 procedures that were not followed by esophagograms. The overall rate of perforation was 3/119 (2.5 %).Esophagrams obtained routinely after pneumatic dilation for achalasia did not reveal unsuspected esophagogastric perforations. No esophageal perforations were missed after procedures that were not followed by esophagograms. Obtaining an esophagram only in cases of clinical suspicion of perforation and endoscopic evaluation may be an alternative to routine esophagograms in patients undergoing pneumatic dilation for achalasia.
PCSK9: Regulation and Target for Drug Development for Dyslipidemia
Authors: Amy C. Burke, Jacqueline S. Dron, Robert A. Hegele, Murray W. Huff
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2016)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) is a secreted zymogen expressed primarily in the liver. PCSK9 circulates in plasma, binds to cell surface low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, is internalized, and then targets the receptors to lysosomal degradation. Studies of naturally occurring PCSK9 gene variants that caused extreme plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) deviations and altered atherosclerosis risk unleashed a torrent of biological and pharmacological research. Rapid progress in understanding the physiological regulation of PCSK9 was soon translated into commercially available biological inhibitors of PCSK9 that reduced LDL-C levels and likely also cardiovascular outcomes. Here we review the swift evolution of PCSK9 from novel gene to drug target, to animal and human testing, and finally to outcome trials and clinical applications. In addition, we explore how the genetics-guided path to PCSK9 inhibitor development exemplifies a new paradigm in pharmacology. Finally, we consider some potential challenges as PCSK9 inhibition becomes established in the clinic.
One-year outcomes of rosuvastatin versus placebo in sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: prospective follow-up of SAILS randomised trial
Authors: Victor D Dinglas, Ramona O Hopkins, Amy W Wozniak, Catherine L Hough, Peter E Morris, James C Jackson, Pedro A Mendez-Tellez, O Joseph Bienvenu, E Wesley Ely, Elizabeth Colantuoni, Dale M Needham
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Prior randomised trials have evaluated statins in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but there has been no comprehensive evaluation of long-term effects, despite potential neuromuscular and mental health adverse effects of these drugs. <h3>Aim</h3> To evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin versus placebo on survival, physical function and performance, and mental health outcomes in patients with sepsis-associated ARDS. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective follow-up evaluation of the ARDS Clinical Trials Network Statins for Acutely Injured Lungs from Sepsis trial of rosuvastatin versus placebo in 568 mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis-associated ARDS, with blinded 6-month outcome assessment performed in the 272 eligible survivors for age-adjusted and sex-adjusted 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical function and mental health domains, and in 84 eligible survivors for the 6 min walk test, along with secondary outcomes evaluations of survival, and additional patient-reported and performance-based measures at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> Over 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in cumulative survival in the rosuvastatin versus placebo groups (58% vs 61%; p=0.377), with survivors demonstrating substantial impairments in physical function and mental health. Rosuvastatin versus placebo had no effect (mean treatment effect (95% CI)) on SF-36 physical function (0 (−7 to 8), p=0.939) or mental health (−6 (−12 to 1) p=0.085) domains, 6 min walk distance (per cent predicted: 2 (−9 to 14), p=0.679) or the vast majority of secondary outcomes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Over 1-year follow-up, patients with sepsis-associated ARDS had high cumulative mortality, with survivors commonly experiencing impairments in physical functioning and performance, and mental health. Randomisation to rosuvastatin had no effect on these outcomes. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT00979121 and NCT00719446.
Active DNA demethylation at enhancers during the vertebrate phylotypic period
Authors: Ozren Bogdanović, Arne H Smits, Elisa de la Calle Mustienes, Juan J Tena, Ethan Ford, Ruth Williams, Upeka Senanayake, Matthew D Schultz, Saartje Hontelez, Ila van Kruijsbergen, Teresa Rayon, Felix Gnerlich, Thomas Carell, Gert Jan C Veenstra, Miguel Manzanares, Tatjana Sauka-Spengler, Joseph R Ecker, Michiel Vermeulen, José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta, Ryan Lister
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)
The role of the chief resident: expectations and reality
Authors: J F Wilder, R Plutchik, H R Conte
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The job expectations of 35 incoming chief residents were tested by questionnaire when they attended a weekend workshop on leadership and were reexamined after they has had six months' experience on their jobs. Such personal qualities as a sense of humor and persistence and such administrative skills as the ability to exercise authority and set objectives significantly increased in importance six months after these residents began work. The authors recommend educational programs in administration for chief residents.
Characterization of an Apparently Nononcogenic Marek's Disease Virus23
Authors: K. A. Schat, B. W. Calnek
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

A new isolate of Marek's disease virus (MDV) was described. This virus, SB, and a clone, SB-1, differed from pathogenic isolates in in vitro growth characteristics as described for other apathogenic isolates. Serologically, as with other apathogenic isolates, SB could be distinguished from pathogenic MDV and the avirulent turkey herpesvirus. SB failed to induce lesions characteristic of Marek's disease (MD) during a 6- to 11-week experimental period. Also, SB was nononcogenic in immunosuppressed chickens or in chickens inoculated with this virus in ovo. However, under those conditions, SB caused a cytolytic infection. The term "nononcogenic" rather than "apopathogenic" was therefore proposed to classify this and similar isolates. SB-1 protected chickens against challenge with either virulent MDV or the non-virus-producing MD tumor transplant, JMV. Possible mechanisms of protection are discussed.
Prognostic implications of various drinking patterns in psychiatric patients
Authors: B A Ritzler, J S Strauss, A Vanord, R F Kokes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The authors examined the drinking patterns of 198 first admission nonalcoholic psychiatric patients to determine the relationship among drinking behavior, severity of pathology, and prognosis. Heavy drinking in the psychiatric sample was not associated with increased levels of pathology and poor prognosis. To the contrary, among these nonalcoholic patients the abstainers and occasional drinkers showed the most severe pathology and poorest prognosis of all drinking groups.
Dose-escalation study of octanoic acid in patients with essential tremor
Authors: Bernhard Voller, Emily Lines, Gayle McCrossin, Sule Tinaz, Codrin Lungu, George Grimes, Judith Starling, Gopal Potti, Peter Buchwald, Dietrich Haubenberger, Mark Hallett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Recently, 1-octanol has been shown to have efficacy in treating patients with essential tremor (ET). The primary metabolite of 1-octanol is octanoic acid (OA), which is now thought to be the active substance that mediates tremor suppression. Our aim was to describe the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oral OA in patients with ET and assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) profile of OA.
PO84WHOLE BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY (WBRT) FOLLOWING RESECTION OF BRAIN METASTASES: WHO DECIDES? AN AUDIT OF OUTCOMES AND CLINICIAN CONFIDENCE
Authors: V. Lavin, G. Whitfield, R. Colaco, C. McBain
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) following brain metastases resection improves intra-cranial disease control without improving overall survival (OS). Expanding treatment options mean the role of WBRT should be individualised. We undertook a study to determine the rates and outcomes of post-op WBRT and the confidence of site-specific oncologists (e.g. breast, lung) in decision-making in this field. METHOD: Demographics and outcomes of patients who had brain metastases resected between 04/12 - 04/14 were retrospectively collected. Consultant opinion was collated via an on-line survey. RESULTS: 97 patients were identified (primary sites: lung 34%, breast 24%, colorectal 14%, renal 7%, melanoma 4%, others 17%). 68 (70%) underwent WBRT; it was omitted in 29 patients (21: too unwell/progressive disease, 5: previous cranial RT, 2: post-op chemo, 1: unknown). Median time to WBRT: 5.7 weeks, range 1-15.7 weeks. WBRT commenced >6 weeks post-op in 34%, with variation between disease groups. Median OS was 12.2 and 4.8 months in the WBRT and non-WBRT groups respectively. Intracranial progression was confirmed on imaging in 32% of patients in the WBRT group (73% local recurrence, 27% distant) and 45% in the non-WBRT group (69% local, 31% distant). For the whole group, 12 month OS was 40.8%, 24 month 21.5%. 78% (28/36) of survey respondents thought that decisions on WBRT use should be made by the neuro-oncology MDT. Only 14% felt completely confident in decision making and 11% very familiar with evidence in this field. CONCLUSION: WBRT is rarely electively withheld in our unit. There is scope to improve post-resection decision-making, pathways and education. Neuro-oncology MDTs play an important role in in this area.
Distinct and Common Gene Expression Profiles of Nasal Polyp Tissues in Eosinophilic and Non-Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Naoko Okada, Tsuguhisa Nakayama, Daiya Asaka, Akio Matsuda, Hirohisa Saito, Mamoru Yoshikawa, Kenji Matsumoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Clinical Outcome of Endocrine Therapy for Hr + /Her2- Stage Iv Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Risa Goto, Tomoyuki Aruga, Yayoi Honda, Nami Idera, Dai Kitagawa, Kazumi Horiguchi, Hiromi Miyamoto, Toshinari Yamashita, Katsumasa Kuroi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
High dependency units may be the answer
Authors: D W Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

disease than with nodal disease.'Although these differences suggest aetiological and biological heterogeneity, the evidence that diabetes has a role in either type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as suggested by the Japanese data, is not strong.A cohort study in 1982 of people with diabetes mellitus found an excess of lymphoma,' but the authors attributed this to inappropriate referent population rates.'They also observed no associa- tion in a cross sectional study.'Further studies will require more accurate determinations of diabetes and nodal status in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
PGC-1 expression level in human colorectal cancer: A predictor of lymph node metastasis
Authors: H. Kwon, S. Shin, M. S. Roh, H. J. Choi, J. Kwak, Y. S. Yang, J. Park
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

3616 Background: Previous study showed that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and PPARγ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) was correlated with clinical outcome in breast cancer. However, no published data are available about the biological and clinical significance of PGC-1 in colorectal cancer. Thus, our aim was to explore the expression of PPARγ and PGC-1 in colorectal cancer as well as their association with other clinicopathological features, and to evaluate the role of PPARγ and PGC-1 as a prognostic indicator of colorectal cancer. Methods: We have investigated the presence of PPARγ and PGC-1 in human colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 108 primary colorectal cancer patients by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between their expression and clinicopathologic features was investigated. Three-year overall survival of patients with different expression of PPARγ and PGC-1 were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: No significant correlation was found between PPARγ expression and age at surgery, gender, histopathologic differentiation, depth of infiltration, relapse, and Dukes’ stage. No significant correlation was found between PGC-1 expression and age at surgery, the histopathologic differentiation, the depth of infiltration, and relapse. However, PGC-1 expression was closely related to Duke’s stage and nodal metastasis (p=0.024 and p=0.020, respectively). Survival analysis showed that the PGC-1-positive group has a reduced overall survival (p=0.0367). Conclusions: Based on our results, PGC-1 may be valuable marker of nodal metastasis and represent a biomarker of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Preterm birth and air pollution: Critical windows of exposure for women with asthma
Authors: Pauline Mendola, Maeve Wallace, Beom Seuk Hwang, Danping Liu, Candace Robledo, Tuija Männistö, Rajeshwari Sundaram, Seth Sherman, Qi Ying, Katherine L. Grantz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Abstract 10: Cardiac-specific Yap Activation Improve Cardiac Function And Survival In An Experimental Murine Mi Model
Authors: Zhiqiang Lin, Alexander von Gise, Pingzhu Zhou, Qing Ma, Jinghai Chen, Jianming Jiang, Jonathan G Seidman, Da-zhi Wang, William T Pu
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Background: Yes-Associated Protein (YAP), the terminal effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, is crucial for regulating embryonic cardiomyocyte proliferation. We hypothesized that YAP activation after myocardial infarction would preserve cardiac function and improve survival. Methods and Results: In this study, we used a cardiac-specific, inducible expression system to activate YAP in adult mouse heart. Activation of YAP in adult heart promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation and did not deleteriously affect heart function. Furthermore, YAP activation after myocardial infarction (MI) preserved heart function and reduced infarct size. Using adeno-associated virus subtype 9 (AAV9) as a delivery vector, we expressed human YAP in the adult murine myocardium immediately after MI. We found that AAV9:hYAP significantly improved cardiac function and mouse survival. AAV9:hYAP did not exert its salutary effects by reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Rather, AAV9:hYAP stimulated adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. Gene expression profiling indicated that AAV9:hYAP stimulated cell cycle gene expression, activated of components of the inflammatory response, and promoted a less mature cardiac gene expression signature. Conclusions: Cardiac specific YAP activation after MI mitigated myocardial injury, improved cardiac function, and enhanced survival. These findings suggest that therapeutic activation of YAP or its downstream targets, potentially through AAV-mediated gene therapy, may be a strategy to improve outcome after MI.
Trace-Metal Requirements of NCTC Clone 929 Strain L Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: James A. Thomas, Marvin J. Johnson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

The effects of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and Methocel on the growth of L cells in a synthetic medium were studied. The medium was iron-deficient unless a supplement of 1.0 g/liter Methocel HG (4,000 centipoises), Methocel ash equivalent to 1.0 g/liter Methocel, or 1.0 microM FeSO4 was added. Cells grew faster in the presence of FeSO4 or Methocel ash (generation time = 40 hours) than of Methocel (generation time = 110 hours), but Methocel was needed to protect cells from mechanical destruction. Treating the growth medium with Dowex A-1 chelating resin produced a medium deficient in both iron and zinc. The iron requirement in this medium varied between 0.6 and 1.4 microM, depending on the concentrations of other cations added to the medium. A copper concentration of at least 0.4 microM was beneficial as it reduced the amount of iron necessary for cell growth. No manganese was required in this medium; any added manganese produced an inhibition of cell growth. Additional iron could reverse this inhibition. The minimum iron requirement for the production of L cells was 3 nmoles/mg cell nitrogen produced. Approximately 0.6 microM zinc was required for maximum cell growth in resin-treated medium.
Structural relatedness of lysis proteins from colicinogenic plasmids and icosahedral coliphages.
Authors: P C Lau, M A Hefford, P Klein
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

The host-lysis-inducing functions of phi X174 protein E and MS2 protein L were recently shown to reside on the N-terminal and C-terminal halves of the two respective lysis proteins. In the present study it is shown that the small lysis proteins encoded in various colicinogenic plasmids share local sequence similarities and certain structural characteristics with the essential peptides of their coliphage-coded counterparts. Despite their dissimilar sizes and origins, it is suggested that the colicinogenic lysis proteins are functionally analogous and evolutionarily related to those of icosahedral single-stranded DNA and RNA phages.
Vulvar hidradenoma papilliferum (HP) is located on the sites of mammary-like anogenital glands (MLAGs): Analysis of the photographs of 52 tumors
Authors: Jinane El-Khoury, Marie-Hélène Renald, Françoise Plantier, Marie-Françoise Avril, Micheline Moyal-Barracco
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2016)
Longitudinal lipid profiles on CAPD
Authors: J Little, L Phillips, L Russell, A Griffiths, G I Russell, S J Davies
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

The dyslipidemia of chronic renal failure may worsen after the commencement of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The purpose of this study was to relate baseline and longitudinal changes in the lipid profile to anthropometrics (weight, mid-arm circumference), aspects of treatment (albumin, total protein losses, peritoneal solute transport [dialysate:plasma ratio of creatinine], dialysate caloric load), total calorie intake (cal/kg), preexisting cardiovascular comorbidity, and survival. Lipid profiles (triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], and HDL) were measured, along with the above factors, every 6 mo in an unselected prospective cohort of 124 patients who were not treated with lipid-lowering drugs, commencing CAPD between 1990 and 1993, until 1995. On univariate analysis, age, plasma albumin, cardiovascular disease, baseline TG, and TC:HDL ratio predicted survival. Simultaneous multiple Cox regression including all of the significant predictors demonstrated that either high TG or TC: HDL still predicted death, both in patients with and without clinically overt cardiovascular disease. Between 6 and 36 mo of treatment, TC, TG, and TC:HDL were elevated when compared with the baseline, more so in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease (P < 0.05). Throughout this period, weight and mid-arm circumference correlated positively with TG and negatively with HDL. There were positive correlations between TC and albumin levels for 12 mo after commencement of treatment, but otherwise there were no significant or consistent relationships between lipid profiles and total protein losses, dialysate calorie load, or total cal/kg or solute transport. The worsening dyslipidemia associated with CAPD was not associated with aspects of treatment such as glucose load or protein losses. The strongest predictors of worsening lipid profiles were weight gain and preexisting cardiovascular comorbidity.
Clinical, Pathological, and Prognostic Characteristics Of Mature Nodal Or Extranodal T-Cell and NK-Cell Non-Hodgkin´s Lymphoma (NHL) In a Single Mexican Institution
Authors: Gladys P Agreda-Vásquez, Erick Crespo-Solis, Gustavo J Ramos-Blas, Cesar Lara-Torres, Carmen Lome-Maldonado, Xavier López-Karpovitch
Journal: Blood (2013)
Voluntary and involuntary treatment of aggressive patients
Authors: D J Madden
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The author describes his experiences in treating violent patients in group therapy. Problems include the divergent goals of therapist, patient, and society; the environmental limitations on incarcerated patients; countertransference issues; and magical expectations on the part of patients. Therapeutic goals must be somewhat limited with patients who are forced into therapy. It may be dangerous to "open up" such patients, especially when they face lengthy prison terms. The author suggests that distancing tactics be avoided with violent patients, who need to encounter another person who has dealt successfully with hatred, fear, and limitations.