tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Informatics Approach to Evaluating Combined Chemical Exposures from Consumer Products: A Case Study of Asthma-Associated Chemicals and Potential Endocrine Disruptors
Authors: Henry A. Gabb, Catherine Blake
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Background:Simultaneous or sequential exposure to multiple environmental stressors can affect chemical toxicity. Cumulative risk assessments consider multiple stressors but it is impractical to test every chemical combination to which people are exposed. New methods are needed to prioritize chemical combinations based on their prevalence and possible health impacts.Objectives:We introduce an informatics approach that uses publicly available data to identify chemicals that co-occur in consumer products, which account for a significant proportion of overall chemical load.Methods:Fifty-five asthma-associated and endocrine disrupting chemicals (target chemicals) were selected. A database of 38,975 distinct consumer products and 32,231 distinct ingredient names was created from online sources, and PubChem and the Unified Medical Language System were used to resolve synonymous ingredient names. Synonymous ingredient names are different names for the same chemical (e.g., vitamin E and tocopherol).Results:Nearly one-third of the products (11,688 products, 30%) contained ≥ 1 target chemical and 5,229 products (13%) contained > 1. Of the 55 target chemicals, 31 (56%) appear in ≥ 1 product and 19 (35%) appear under more than one name. The most frequent three-way chemical combination (2-phenoxyethanol, methyl paraben, and ethyl paraben) appears in 1,059 products. Further work is needed to assess combined chemical exposures related to the use of multiple products.Conclusions:The informatics approach increased the number of products considered in a traditional analysis by two orders of magnitude, but missing/incomplete product labels can limit the effectiveness of this approach. Such an approach must resolve synonymy to ensure that chemicals of interest are not missed. Commonly occurring chemical combinations can be used to prioritize cumulative toxicology risk assessments.Citation:Gabb HA, Blake C. 2016. An informatics approach to evaluating combined chemical exposures from consumer products: a case study of asthma-associated chemicals and potential endocrine disruptors. Environ Health Perspect 124:1155–1165; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510529
Childhood sexual histories of women with somatization disorder
Authors: J Morrison
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The author interviewed 60 women with somatization disorder and 31 women with primary affective disorders who were matched for race, age at interview, and level of education to obtain their childhood sexual development histories. The two groups of women reported similar sexual experiences at similar ages, except that significantly more women with somatization disorder had been molested as children.
Authors' response: the role of risedronate in osteopenia in Crohn's disease
Authors: Ad A van Bodegraven, Birgit I Witte, Paul Lips
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The sparse coding model posits that the visual system has evolved to efficiently code natural stimuli using a sparse set of features from an overcomplete dictionary. The classic sparse coding model suffers from two key limitations, however: (1) computing the neural response to an image patch requires minimizing a nonlinear objective function, which is not neurally plausible; and (2) fitting the model to data has typically relied on an approximate inference method that does not take into account uncertainty. Here we address these two shortcomings by formulating a variational inference method for the sparse coding model inspired by the variational auto-encoder (VAE) framework. The sparse-coding variational auto-encoder (SVAE) augments the classic sparse coding model with a probabilistic recognition model, parametrized by a deep neural network. This recognition model provides a neurally plausible implementation for the mapping from image patches to neural activities, and enables a principled method for fitting the sparse coding model to data via maximization of the evidence lower bound (ELBO). The SVAE differs from the traditional VAE in three important ways: the generative model is the sparse coding model instead of a deep network; the latent representation is overcomplete, with more latent dimensions than image pixels; and the prior over latent variables is a sparse or heavy-tailed instead of Gaussian. We fit the SVAE to natural image data under different assumed prior distributions, and show that it obtains higher test performance than previous fitting methods. Finally, we examine the response properties of the recognition network and show that it captures important nonlinear properties of neurons in the early visual pathway.
Phase 2 study of idelalisib and entospletinib: pneumonitis limits combination therapy in relapsed refractory CLL and NHL
Authors: Paul M. Barr, Gene B. Saylors, Stephen E. Spurgeon, Bruce D. Cheson, Daniel R. Greenwald, Susan M. O’Brien, Andre K. D. Liem, Rosemary E. Mclntyre, Adarsh Joshi, Esteban Abella-Dominicis, Michael J. Hawkins, Anita Reddy, Julie Di Paolo, Hank Lee, Joyce He, Jing Hu, Lyndah K. Dreiling, Jonathan W. Friedberg
Journal: Blood (2016)
Spontaneous Cancers in &lt;italic&gt;Praomys (Mastomys) natalesnis&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C F Hollander, J Higginson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Modified dietsi.e., Purina Chow, Purina Chow and ethanol, Purina Chow and unheated corn oil, Purina Chow and heated beef lard, Purina Chow and N,N′2,7-fluorenylenebisacetamide (2,7-FAA), did not influence the incidence of carcinoids of the stomach in male and female Mastomys. Tumors of the small intestine, pancreas, and bile ducts slightly increased in animals fed 2,7-FAA. Carcinosarcomas of the seminal vesicle and other spontaneous tumors are described, and preliminary results of electron microscopic studies of an adrenal tumor and non-neoplastic renal lesions are presented.
The microbiome of the oral mucosa in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Nicolaas H. Fourie, Dan Wang, Sarah K. Abey, LeeAnne B. Sherwin, Paule V. Joseph, Bridgett Rahim-Williams, Eric G. Ferguson, Wendy A. Henderson
Journal: Gut Microbes (2016)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a poorly understood disorder characterized by persistent symptoms, including visceral pain. Studies have demonstrated oral microbiome differences in inflammatory bowel diseases suggesting the potential of the oral microbiome in the study of non-oral conditions.In this exploratory study we examine whether differences exist in the oral microbiome of IBS participants and healthy controls, and whether the oral microbiome relates to symptom severity.The oral buccal mucosal microbiome of 38 participants was characterized using PhyloChip microarrays. The severity of visceral pain was assessed by orally administering a gastrointestinal test solution. Participants self-reported their induced visceral pain. Pain severity was highest in IBS participants (P = 0.0002), particularly IBS-overweight participants (P = 0.02), and was robustly correlated to the abundance of 60 OTUs, 4 genera, 5 families and 4 orders of bacteria (r2 > 0.4, P < 0.001). IBS-overweight participants showed decreased richness in the phylum Bacteroidetes (P = 0.007) and the genus Bacillus (P = 0.008). Analysis of β-diversity found significant separation of the IBS-overweight group (P < 0.05). Our oral microbial results are concordant with described fecal and colonic microbiome-IBS and -weight associations. Having IBS and being overweight, rather than IBS-subtypes, was the most important factor in describing the severity of visceral pain and variation in the microbiome. Pain severity was strongly correlated to the abundance of many taxa, suggesting the potential of the oral microbiome in diagnosis and patient phenotyping. The oral microbiome has potential as a source of microbial information in IBS.
In-hospital mortality following lung cancer resection: nationwide administrative database
Authors: Pierre-Benoit Pagès, Jonathan Cottenet, Anne-Sophie Mariet, Alain Bernard, Catherine Quantin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Our aim was to determine the effect of a national strategy for quality improvement in cancer management (the “Plan Cancer”) according to time period and to assess the influence of type and volume of hospital activity on in-hospital mortality (IHM) within a large national cohort of patients operated on for lung cancer. From January 2005 to December 2013, 76 235 patients were included in the French Administrative Database. Patient characteristics, hospital volume of activity and hospital type were analysed over three periods: 2005–2007, 2008–2010 and 2011–2013. Global crude IHM was 3.9%: 4.3% during 2005–2007, 4% during 2008–2010 and 3.5% during 2011–2013 (p&lt;0.01). 296, 259 and 209 centres performed pulmonary resections in 2005–2007, 2008–2010 and 2011–2013, respectively (p&lt;0.01). The risk of death was higher in centres performing &lt;13 resections per year than in centres performing &gt;43 resections per year (adjusted (a)OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.197–1.834). The risk of death was lower in the period 2011–2013 than in the period 2008–2010 (aOR 0.841, 95% CI 0.764–0.926). Adjustment variables (age, sex, Charlson score and type of resection) were significantly linked to IHM, whereas the type of hospital was not. The French national strategy for quality improvement seems to have induced a significant decrease in IHM.
Identification and characterization of <scp>DC</scp>‐<scp>SIGN</scp>‐binding glycoproteins in allergenic foods
Authors: M. Kamalakannan, L. M. Chang, G. Grishina, H. A. Sampson, M. Masilamani
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Abstract Background DC‐SIGN (dendritic cell‐specific intercellular adhesion molecule‐3‐grabbing nonintegrin) is a C‐type lectin receptor expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells. DC‐SIGN has high affinity for fucosylated glycans in several plant glycoproteins and pathogens. DC‐SIGN is thought to be crucial for the development of allergic sensitization. However, the precise role of DC‐SIGN in food allergy pathogenesis is not yet understood. Objective We sought to characterize DC‐SIGN‐binding glycoproteins in a panel of allergenic and non‐allergenic foods. Methods Fluorescent‐labeled peanut and soy extracts were used to test protein binding to human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DCs) by flow cytometry. DC‐SIGN‐blocking assays were performed by incubating DCs with food extracts followed by staining with anti‐DC‐SIGN antibody. Using a DC‐SIGN‐Fc chimera, food extracts were tested for binding by ELISA and autoradiography. IgE immunoblotting was performed with pooled sera from food‐allergic subjects. DC activation and maturation were assessed by flow cytometry. Results and Conclusions We demonstrate that peanut agglutinin, a minor peanut allergen, is a novel ligand for DC‐SIGN. Peanut agglutinin activates DCs to induce the expression of costimulatory molecules in vitro . We present a comprehensive report on the characterization of DC‐SIGN‐binding proteins in common allergenic foods such as peanut, soy, tree nuts, egg, and milk. Foods that rarely induce allergy, such as pine nuts, chickpea, and corn, showed no binding to DC‐SIGN. Several DC‐SIGN‐binding proteins show reactivity in serum IgE immunoblots. We have also identified novel non‐IgE‐binding proteins that interact with DC‐SIGN; these proteins may be important for regulating immune responses to these foods.
Effect of Heating on Lethality Due to Hyperthermia and Selected Chemotherapeutic Drugs&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T S Herman, C C Sweets, D M White, E W Gerner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Because the rate of heating alters various cellular events associated with exposure to hyperthermia (including the rate of cell death), effect of this parameter on the cytotoxic interaction between selected anticancer drugs and hyperthermia was studied. The drugs cisplatin, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and adriamycin at 42.4 degrees C and bleomycin and methotrexate at 43 degrees C were tested in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in vitro. Heating times ranged from less than 3 minutes (immediate exposure) to 3 hours. For all drugs tested, synergistic cytotoxicity was not significantly altered by heating to peak temperature over 30 minutes as compared with immediate exposure. When heating to peak temperatures was prolonged to 3 hours, however, cell killing was markedly reduced, although significant sensitization to the drug remained. This was true despite the fact that, in CHO cells, heating to 42.4 degrees C over 3 hours produced no cell killing for up to 6 hours at that temperature. These results suggested that the mechanism(s) responsible for induced thermotolerance are probably different from those that cause cellular resistance to the cytotoxic effects of the drugs tested. These results may also partially explain the relative lack of clinical success with whole-body hyperthermia and chemotherapeutic drugs an anticancer treatment, because heating to therapeutic temperatures often requires 2-3 hours.
Author's response
Authors: Dirk Foell
Journal: Gut (2010)

The Author's response We read the letter by Brinar et al published online first with interest.1 The authors of this letter confirm elevated S100A12 serum concentrations in inflammatory bowel disease but they could not find a correlation between disease activity and S100A12 serum levels. The differences to our study published in 2003 can be easily explained by the ELISA systems used in the different studies. Brinar …
Divorcing the puzzles: When group identities foster in-group cooperation
Authors: Daniel Seewald, Stefanie Hechler, Thomas Kessler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract We argue that general social psychological mechanisms (e.g., common group identity) can account for prosocial behavior and cooperative norms without the need for punishing Big Gods. Moreover, prosocial religions often do not prevent conflict within their religious groups. Hence, we doubt whether Big Gods and prosocial religions are more effective than alternative identities in enhancing high-level cooperation.
T follicular helper (T<sub>fh</sub>) cells in normal immune responses and in allergic disorders
Authors: G. Varricchi, J. Harker, F. Borriello, G. Marone, S. R. Durham, M. H. Shamji
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Follicular helper T cells (Tfh ) are located within germinal centers of lymph nodes. Cognate interaction between Tfh , B cells, and IL-21 drives B cells to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells thereby leading to antibody production. Tfh cells and IL-21 are involved in infectious and autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, vaccination, and cancer. Human peripheral blood CXCR5(+) CD4(+) T cells comprise different subsets of Tfh -like cells. Despite the importance of the IgE response in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders, little is known about the role of follicular and blood Tfh cells and IL-21 in human and experimental allergic disease. Here, we review recent advances regarding the phenotypic and functional characteristics of both follicular and blood Tfh cells and of the IL-21/IL-21R system in the context of allergic disorders.
Phase I/II trial of weekly docetaxel and carboplatin in previously untreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: W. Walsh, J. Gordon, R. Merolli, C. Seidler, V. Kasturi, T. Finn, Q. Liu, G. Strauss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7302 Background: Docetaxel (D) and Carboplatin (Cb) is an active regimen in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A weekly delivery of these agents may allow for dose intense therapy with less toxicity than a standard once every 3-week regimen. We conducted a Phase I/II study to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of D and Cb administered on a weekly basis to patients with advanced stage NSCLC. Methods: Patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC are eligible if no prior chemotherapy, ECOG performance status 0–1, creatinine clearance >50 ml/minute, and normal liver function. Prior radiotherapy and stable brain metastases were allowed. Phase I consisted of 4–6 patients per cohort assigned to increasing dose levels of D (20, 25, 30, 36, 43 mg/m2) and a fixed dose of Cb at AUC 2 IV on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks. Phase II consisted of D 43 mg/m2 and Cb AUC 2 IV on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks. Tumor response was assessed by non-RECIST criteria after cycles 3 and 6. Results: Between 06/1998 and 12/2003, accrual to Phase I was 26 patients and to Phase II was 20 patients. Patient characteristics are stage IIIB/IV (9/37), male/female (26/20), and median age 61 years (range 25–83 years). The median number of cycles for both Phase I and II is 3. 28 patients are evaluable for response after cycle 3: partial response 50% (intent to treat (ITT) 30.4%), stable disease 35.7% (ITT 21.7%), and progressive disease 14.6% (ITT 8.7%). After 6 cycles, 2 partial responses, 6 stable diseases, and 4 progressive diseases have been observed. Phase I and II response rates are similar. Median progression-free survival for 37 evaluable patients is 3.3 months (95% CI 2.1–5.9) and overall survival for 46 evaluable patients is 10.9 months (95% CI 6.4–15.4). No dose limiting toxicity was observed in Phase I. Phase II grade 3 toxicities include 3 diarrhea, 2 pneumonia, 1 asthenia, and 1 neutropenia. Grade 4 anemia was noted in one case. Conclusion: Docetaxel 43 mg/m2 and Carboplatin AUC 2 can be administered weekly in a safe and tolerable manner to patients with advanced stage NSCLC. Response rates and survival data are comparable to the reported literature. Phase II is continuing for larger patient accrual. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Generalizing a model beyond the inherence heuristic and applying it to beliefs about objective value
Authors: Graham Wood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract The inherence heuristic is characterized as part of an instantiation of a more general model that describes the interaction between undeveloped intuitions, produced by System 1 heuristics, and developed beliefs, constructed by System 2 reasoning. The general model is described and illustrated by examining another instantiation of the process that constructs belief in objective moral value.
A phase I trial of a new antiemetic drug—clebopride malate—in cisplatin-treated patients
Authors: H. Bleiberg, M. Piccart, S. Lips, J.M. Panzer, J.B. N'Koua Mbon
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1992)

Clebopride, a new benzamide derivative, has, in common with the other members of this group, antidopaminergic activity.In animals, its therapeutic ratio is superior to that of metoclopramide at doses free of side effects associated with hyperprolactinemia and extrapyramidal symptoms.The present study was designed to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in patients with advanced histologically-proven cancer, treated with cisplatin at a dose of >50 mg/m 2 .Most of them were pretreated and refractory to standard antiemetics.Clebopride was started at a dosage of 0.10 mg/kg in a group of 6 patients and escalated by 0.2 mg at each dose level.A total of 30 patients were included.Side effects include somnolence, diarrhea and extrapyramidal-like symptoms.The latter occurred at almost all dose levels in 14% of the cycles and limited continuation of the study.Activity in this group of patients was encouraging but, considering the rate of extrapyramidal symptoms, further dose escalation is not indicated and activity at lower, nontoxic levels should be investigated.
Impact of a mass media campaign (MMC) on awareness of and willingness to participate in cancer clinical trials (CCT): Results from 2,269 survey respondents
Authors: A. Umutyan, P. N. Lara, C. Chiechi, C. Turrell, M. S. Chen, D. A. Paterniti, T. Wun, S. Davis, J. Gonzalez, L. A. Beckett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

6012 Background: Annually, only 3% of patients (pt) participate in CCT. Accrual barriers include lack of CCT awareness and uncertain third party coverage. In 1/02, a California law (SB37) required all third party payers to reimburse pt care costs related to CCT. We sought to increase awareness of CCT/SB37 through a MMC, and assessed willingness to participate. Methods: Following a pre-MMC survey of 1,188 cancer pt and/or their caregivers’ awareness and willingness levels (JCO 2005; 23:9282–89), a TV/radio/print/internet MMC was conducted in a 9-county catchment area for UC Davis Cancer Center from 4/05–6/05. The MMC emphasized CCT/SB37 availability and used an iconic “Big C” logo. The survey was repeated post-MMC in two pt/caregiver cohorts: from the UC Davis Cancer Center catchment area (C1), and a control group from the UC San Diego area (C2) who did not see the MMC. Changes in CCT/SB37 awareness and willingness to participate were probed pre- vs. post-MMC and C1 vs. C2 by Pearson χ 2 &amp; logistic regression. Results: Of 2,269 respondents, 1,081 were post-MMC: 957 from C1 and 124 from C2. Post-MMC respondents differed from pre-MMC by respondent type (pt &gt; caregivers), age (older), race (more blacks), and income (more $75k+/yr). Pre- vs. post-MMC, C1 respondents had greater awareness of CCT (59% to 65%, p &lt; 0.01) and SB37 (17% vs. 32%, p &lt; 0.01); no significant change was seen in C2. Adjustment for demographic variables in C1 resulted in p &gt; 0.05 for CCT/SB37 awareness. Willingness to participate in CCT did not change pre- vs. post-MMC in C1 or C2. Awareness level predicted willingness (OR = 2.3, p &lt; 0.01), but this was not true for the lowest income/education groups. Blacks/Asians/lowest income (&lt; $25K/yr) groups were least willing to participate (p &lt; 0.01/0.04/0.02). Conclusions: Although CCT/SB37 awareness increased in C1 following the MMC, it is unclear whether this was wholly attributable to the MMC due to varying demographic variables. Awareness of CCT/SB37 did not universally translate into willingness to participate in all subgroups. Enhancing pt willingness (to increase CCT accrual) will require targeting other variables, such as physician or resource barriers, rather than just CCT/SB37 awareness. (R21 CA-03501). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Recommendations for the Management of Strokelike Episodes in Patients With Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Strokelike Episodes
Authors: Mary Kay Koenig, Lisa Emrick, Amel Karaa, Mark Korson, Fernando Scaglia, Sumit Parikh, Amy Goldstein
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Strokelike episodes are a cardinal feature of several mitochondrial syndromes, including mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS). Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of strokelike episodes in MELAS have led to improved treatment options.Current understanding of the cause of strokelike episodes in MELAS and present recommendations to assist in the identification and treatment of patients with MELAS who present with stroke are presented. Mounting evidence points toward a benefit of the nitric oxide precursors, arginine, to both prevent and reduce the severity of strokes in patients with MELAS.Although much information is still needed regarding the appropriate dosing and timing of arginine therapy in patients with MELAS, urgent administration of nitric oxide precursors in patients with MELAS ameliorates the clinical symptoms associated with strokelike episodes.
Rigosertib versus best supportive care for patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes after failure of hypomethylating drugs (ONTIME): a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Pierre Fenaux, Aref Al-Kali, Maria R Baer, Mikkael A Sekeres, Gail J Roboz, Gianluca Gaidano, Bart L Scott, Peter Greenberg, Uwe Platzbecker, David P Steensma, Suman Kambhampati, Karl-Anton Kreuzer, Lucy A Godley, Ehab Atallah, Robert Collins, Hagop Kantarjian, Elias Jabbour, Francois E Wilhelm, Nozar Azarnia, Lewis R Silverman
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2016)