tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A role for CD9 molecules in T cell activation.
Authors: X G Tai, Y Yashiro, R Abe, K Toyooka, C R Wood, J Morris, A Long, S Ono, M Kobayashi, T Hamaoka, S Neben, H Fujiwara
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Costimulation mediated by the CD28 molecule plays an important role in optimal activation of T cells. However, CD28-deficient mice can mount effective T cell-dependent immune responses, suggesting the existence of other costimulatory systems. In a search for other costimulatory molecules on T cells, we have developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can costimulate T cells in the absence of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The molecule recognized by this mAb, 9D3, was found to be expressed on almost all mature T cells and to be a protein of approximately 24 kD molecular mass. By expression cloning, this molecule was identified as CD9, 9D3 (anti-CD9) synergized with suboptimal doses of anti-CD3 mAb in inducing proliferation by virgin T cells. Costimulation was induced by independent ligation of CD3 and CD9, suggesting that colocalization of these two molecules is not required for T cell activation. The costimulation by anti-CD9 was as potent as that by anti-CD28. Moreover, anti-CD9 costimulated in a CD28-independent way because anti-CD9 equally costimulated T cells from the CD28-deficient as well as wild-type mice. Thus, these results indicate that CD9 serves as a molecule on T cells that can deliver a potent CD28-independent costimulatory signal.
Prognostic Value of Cardiac Troponin I Measured With a Highly Sensitive Assay in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Torbjørn Omland, Marc A. Pfeffer, Scott D. Solomon, James A. de Lemos, Helge Røsjø, Jūratė Šaltytė Benth, Aldo Maggioni, Michael J. Domanski, Jean L. Rouleau, Marc S. Sabatine, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cardiac Rupture
Authors: B. Woodfin Cobbs
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The first two long-term survivors treated surgically for cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction have been followed up for one and three years. Acute electromechanical dissociation in a patient previously without serious hemodynamic problems after a myocardial infarction is the cardinal feature, allowing the diagnosis of most salvageable cases. Immediate and, if necessary, continuous pericardicentesis, volume loading, and the administration of inotropic amines may give enough time for surgical intervention in some patients.
Increased nitric oxide activity in a rat model of acute pancreatitis
Authors: R A Al-Mufti, R C N Williamson, R T Mathie
Journal: Gut (1998)

Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) via induction of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is an important factor in the haemodynamic disturbances of several inflammatory states.To identify the role of NO in a caerulein induced model of acute pancreatitis in the rat.Arterial blood pressure and plasma NO metabolites were measured at zero and seven hours in adult male Wistar rats administered caerulein (n=10) or saline (n=10). Pancreatic activity of NOS (inducible and constitutive) was assayed biochemically. The pancreatic expression and cellular localisation of NOS and nitrotyrosine (a marker of peroxynitrite induced oxidative tissue damage) were characterised immunohistochemically.Compared with controls at seven hours, the pancreatitis group displayed raised plasma NO metabolites (mean (SEM) 70.2 (5.9) versus 22.7 (2.2) micromol/l, p<0.0001) and reduced mean arterial blood pressure (88.7 (4.6) versus 112.8 (4.1) mm Hg, p=0.008). There was notable iNOS activity in the pancreatitis group (3.1 (0.34) versus 0.1 (0.01) pmol/mg protein/min, p<0.0001) with reduced constitutive NOS activity (0.62 (0.12) versus 0.96 (0.08) pmol/mg protein/min, p=0.031). The increased expression of iNOS was mainly localised within vascular smooth muscle cells (p=0.003 versus controls), with positive perivascular staining for nitrotyrosine (p=0.0012 versus controls).In this experimental model of acute pancreatitis, iNOS induction and oxidative tissue damage in the pancreas is associated with raised systemic NO and arterial hypotension. Excess production of NO arising from the inducible NO synthase may be an important factor in the systemic and local haemodynamic disturbances associated with acute pancreatitis.
HCV resistance to cyclosporin A does not correlate with a resistance of the NS5A–cyclophilin A interaction to cyclophilin inhibitors
Authors: Udayan Chatterji, Precious Lim, Michael D. Bobardt, Stefan Wieland, Daniel G. Cordek, Gregoire Vuagniaux, Francis Chisari, Craig E. Cameron, Paul Targett-Adams, Tanya Parkinson, Philippe A. Gallay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY BV SKIN GRAFTING OF ABSORPTION OF AMYLOID IN LOCALIZED AMYLOTDOSTS—II*
Authors: F. SAGHER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

An experimental study using free skin grafts was carried out in a human volunteer in order to study the absorption and formation of amyloid in primary amyloidosis of the skin. Normal full thickness grafts from the medial aspect of the upper arm were transplanted to an affected area on the extensor surface of the leg and vice versa. The experiment was followed up for 13×12 years. Twenty‐one biopsies were performed during the years 1956 to 1969. Biopsies from the grafted areas on the leg and upper arm were taken in 1956, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1964 and 1969. The biopsy specimens demonstrated the slow disappearance of amyloid positive material in the grafted area of the upper arm. The specimen still contained positive material in 1959. In 1961 the metachromatically stained material became less compact and consisted of small dot‐like areas. These became smaller in 1963 and 1964 and disappeared almost completely in 1969. Only occasional metachromatically stained dots could still be found in the subpapillary area. The reverse process occurred in the grafted area on the right leg. The skin of the upper arm was negative for amyloid in 1956 and in 1959. The methyl violet stain became positive in 1961 and remained positive In all following biopsy specimens up to 1969.
MRI evaluation of body composition changes in wrestlers undergoing rapid weight loss
Authors: T Kukidome, K Shirai, J Kubo, Y Matsushima, O Yanagisawa, T Homma, K Aizawa
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Purpose: Changes in body composition of college wrestlers undergoing rapid weight reduction were evaluated over time using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: This study evaluated 12 wrestlers (male, 18–22 years of age) who participated in Japan’s 2005 intercollegiate wrestling tournament. For this study, MRI (of the right femoral region and the trunk), as well as measurements of body weight, body fat percentage and body water content, were performed 1 month and 1 week prior to the weigh-in, on the day of the weigh-in, on the day of the match (after the match), and 1 week after the weigh-in. A survey of food and fluid intake was also conducted. Results: Several variables were significantly lower on the day of the weigh-in than one month prior: body weight (p&lt;0.01, −7.3% (SD 1.6%)); body fat (p&lt;0.05, −9.3 (5.8)%); body water content (p&lt;0.01, −5.9 (1.6)%); trunk cross-section (p&lt;0.01, −13.2 (4.4)%), including separate measurements of trunk viscera, trunk muscle, and trunk fat; quadriceps muscle; lower subcutaneous; and food intake (p&lt;0.01, 122 (20)). At 1 week after the match, all metrics had recovered to their levels measured 1 month before the weigh-in. Certain variables that were highly sensitive to hydration recovered more rapidly: they had reached their initial levels when measured immediately after the match. Conclusion: Rapid weight reduction reduced the wrestlers’ cross-sectional areas of muscle and fat tissues, which tended to recover through rehydration after the weigh-in. These results suggest that rapid weight reduction of wrestlers induced changes in different regions of the body.
The functional relationship of the interleukins.
Authors: K A Smith, L B Lachman, J J Oppenheim, M F Favata
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

The mechanism of the lymphoproliferative effect of the macrophage product lymphocyte-activating factor [LAF(IL1] appears to be mediated by the stimulation of the release of T cell growth factor [TCGF(IL2)] by T cells. The magnitude of the resultant T cell proliferative clonal expansion is thus dependent upon the quantity of both LAF(IL1) and TCGF(IL2) induced by antigen or lectin stimulation. These observations, coupled with the ability to measure the production and actions of these hormone-like lymphokines, should allow for increased insight into the mode of action of immunoenhancing and immunosuppressive agents, as well as for new therapeutic approaches to disease states involving T lymphocytes.
Risk Factors for Bronchiectasis in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Peter D. Sly, Catherine L. Gangell, Linping Chen, Robert S. Ware, Sarath Ranganathan, Lauren S. Mott, Conor P. Murray, Stephen M. Stick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Bronchiectasis develops early in the course of cystic fibrosis, being detectable in infants as young as 10 weeks of age, and is persistent and progressive. We sought to determine risk factors for the onset of bronchiectasis, using data collected by the Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF) intensive surveillance program.We examined data from 127 consecutive infants who received a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis after newborn screening. Chest computed tomography (CT) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed, while the children were in stable clinical condition, at 3 months and 1, 2, and 3 years of age. Longitudinal data were used to determine risk factors associated with the detection of bronchiectasis from 3 months to 3 years of age.The point prevalence of bronchiectasis at each visit increased from 29.3% at 3 months of age to 61.5% at 3 years of age. In multivariate analyses, risk factors for bronchiectasis were presentation with meconium ileus (odds ratio, 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51 to 6.66; P=0.002), respiratory symptoms at the time of CT and BAL (odds ratio, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.14; P=0.008), free neutrophil elastase activity in BAL fluid (odds ratio, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.70 to 5.35; P<0.001), and gas trapping on expiratory CT (odds ratio, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.59; P=0.01). Free neutrophil elastase activity in BAL fluid at 3 months of age was associated with persistent bronchiectasis (present on two or more sequential scans), with the odds seven times as high at 12 months of age and four times as high at 3 years of age.Neutrophil elastase activity in BAL fluid in early life was associated with early bronchiectasis in children with cystic fibrosis. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics.)
Promising Personalized Therapeutic Options for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Subtypes with Oncogene Addictions
Authors: James J. Steinhardt, Ronald B. Gartenhaus
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Currently, two major classification systems segregate diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into subtypes based on gene expression profiles and provide great insights about the oncogenic mechanisms that may be crucial for lymphomagenesis as well as prognostic information regarding response to current therapies. However, these current classification systems primarily look at expression and not dependency and are thus limited to inductive or probabilistic reasoning when evaluating alternative therapeutic options. The development of a deductive classification system that identifies subtypes in which all patients with a given phenotype require the same oncogenic drivers, and would therefore have a similar response to a rational therapy targeting the essential drivers, would significantly advance the treatment of DLBCL. This review highlights the putative drivers identified as well as the work done to identify potentially dependent populations. These studies integrated genomic analysis and functional screens to provide a rationale for targeted therapies within defined populations. Personalizing treatments by identifying patients with oncogenic dependencies via genotyping and specifically targeting the responsible drivers may constitute a novel approach for the treatment of DLBCL.
Role of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Predicting Survival of Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: CARLO AGOSTINI, FAUSTO ADAMI, LEONARD W. POULTER, DOMINIQUE ISRAEL-BIET, MANUEL FREITAS E COSTA, ANGIOLO CIPRIANI, ROSARIA SANCETTA, MARC C. I. LIPMAN, KARINE JUVIN, ARTUR D. TELES-ARAÛJO, PAOLO CADROBBI, GUIDO MASAROTTO, GIANPIETRO SEMENZATO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

In this multicenter study, we investigated the prognostic factors that influence the risk of death in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Clinical and laboratory indices obtained from 161 HIV-seropositive patients who underwent a detailed morphologic and immunophenotypic evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood cell populations were retrospectively analyzed. In 155 patients, death occurred within the 48-mo follow-up (mean follow-up: 14.8 mo; range: 1 to 48 mo). In the univariate analysis, the patient's age ( > 30 yr), HIV disease status, HIV transmission category, number of opportunistic pathogens isolated from the BAL, percentage of BAL neutrophils, and low number of BAL CD4 T cells were predictive of increased mortality. In contrast, the presence of an alveolitis or an increase in the numbers of alveolar macrophages and CD3 T cells was associated with a decreased mortality. In the multivariate analysis, significant independent predictors were age, risk factor for HIV, and presence of an alveolitis. Furthermore, patients with a low number of BAL CD4 T cells had a particularly poor prognosis while the CD4 T-cell count in the peripheral blood ( < 50 cells/mm3 in the majority of our patients) had a negligible effect on predicting survival. Our findings suggest the clinical utility of BAL analysis in patients infected with HIV.
Long-term effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic airway obstruction
Authors: K Foglio, L Bianchi, G Bruletti, L Battista, M Pagani, N Ambrosino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme (PRP) in patients with chronic airway obstruction (CAO). In 61 CAO patients (35 asthmatics and 26 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) lung and respiratory muscle function, exercise tolerance (by symptom limited cycloergometer and walking tests), dyspnoea (Borg scale, visual analogue scale (VAS), baseline and transitional dyspnoea index (BDI and TDI, respectively)) and quality of life (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)) were assessed at baseline (to), at discharge (t1) and 12 months postdischarge (t2). Preprogramme and post-programme hospital admissions and exacerbations of disease were also recorded. In comparison with baseline, no significant change was observed in lung function tests in either diagnostic group, either at t1 or at t2. In both groups improvements in respiratory muscle strength, exercise tolerance, Borg scale and VAS reported at t1 were partially reduced at t2. Analysis of variance showed that these changes over time were similar in the two groups. Mean values of SGRQ and BDI/TDI improved at t1, and, unlike exercise tolerance, did not worsen at t2. However, a clinically relevant difference in SGRQ between t2 and to was reported only in 56% of asthmatics and 52% of COPD patients. Compared with the preceding 2 yrs, in the year following PRP, hospital admissions and disease exacerbations decreased significantly in both diagnostic groups. Regardless of diagnosis, patients with chronic airway obstruction who underwent an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme maintained an improved quality of life 12 months postdischarge despite a partial loss of the improvement in exercise tolerance.
Trace Elements and Public Health
Authors: Edward J. Calabrese, Andrew T. Canada, Carol Sacco
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1985)

Within the past decade, there has been a growing interest in the role of trace elements in human health and disease. Organizations such as the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) have published a succession of scholarly reports assessing the general issue of geochemistry and environmental health (48-50). The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a regulatory framework for establishing acceptable exposure levels for a growing number of trace elements. Along with their regulatory framework, the EPA has also sponsored several recent conferences that have dealt in large part with defining more precisely ho� trace elements, especially in drinking water, affect human health (9). This review offers an assessment of selected trace elements with respect to their occurrence in the environment, human exposure, and possible health effects. The inclusion of specific trace elements is based largely on their presence or potential occurrence in drinking water. We recognize that other criteria may be used for selection of trace elements (80).
Epizootic Neoplasms in Fishes From a Lake Polluted by Copper Mining Wastes&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John J. Black, Elwin D. Evans, John C. Harshbarger, Robert F. Zeigel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Examination of fishes from Torch Lake, Houghton County, Mich., revealed epizootic neoplasms of several types in two closely related species. Saugers, Stizostedion canadense, and walleyes, Stizostedion vitreum, were commonly affected with hepatocellular carcinomas, dermal ossifying fibromas, and perivisceral masses resembling mesotheliomas that were usually associated with the mesenteric capsule of the spleen. Saugers were 100% affected with liver neoplasms. Histopathologic and ultrastructural aspects of the neoplasms are described. Torch Lake has been used as a repository for copper mining waste to the extent that an estimated 20% of the original volume has been filled in by these materials. Several direct and indirect etiologic roles for the mine waste as causative agents of the fish tumors are discussed.
Identification of a Low-Risk Luminal A Breast Cancer Cohort That May Not Benefit From Breast Radiotherapy
Authors: Fei-Fei Liu, Wei Shi, Susan J. Done, Naomi Miller, Melania Pintilie, David Voduc, Torsten O. Nielsen, Sharon Nofech-Mozes, Martin C. Chang, Timothy J. Whelan, Lorna M. Weir, Ivo A. Olivotto, David R. McCready, Anthony W. Fyles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose To determine the prognostic and predictive value of intrinsic subtyping by using immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers for ipsilateral breast relapse (IBR) in participants in an early breast cancer randomized trial of tamoxifen with or without breast radiotherapy (RT). Patients and Methods IHC analysis of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), cytokeratin 5/6, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Ki-67 was conducted on 501 of 769 available blocks. Patients were classified as luminal A (n = 265), luminal B (n = 165), or high-risk subtype (luminal HER2, n = 22; HER2 enriched, n = 13; basal like, n = 30; or triple-negative nonbasal, n = 6). Median follow-up was 10 years. Results Classification by subtype was prognostic for IBR (10-year estimates: luminal A, 5.2%; luminal B, 10.5%; high-risk subtypes, 21.3%; P &lt; .001). Luminal subtypes seemed to derive less benefit from RT (luminal A hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; luminal B HR, 0.51) than high-risk subtypes (HR, 0.13); however, the overall subtype-treatment interaction term was not significant (P = .26). In an exploratory analysis of women with clinical low-risk (age older than 60 years, T1, grade 1 or 2) luminal A tumors (n = 151), 10-year IBR was 3.1% versus 11.8% for the high-risk cohort (n = 341; P = .0063). Clinical low-risk luminal A patients had a 10-year IBR of 1.3% with tamoxifen versus 5.0% with tamoxifen plus RT (P = .42). Multivariable analysis showed that RT (HR, 0.31; P &lt; .001), clinical risk group (HR, 2.2; P = .025), and luminal A subtype (HR, 0.25; P &lt; .001) were significantly associated with IBR. Conclusion IHC subtyping was prognostic for IBR but was not predictive of benefit from RT. Further studies may validate the exploratory finding of a low-risk luminal A group who may be spared breast RT.
Loss and dysfunction of Vδ2 <sup>+</sup> γδ T cells are associated with clinical tolerance to malaria
Authors: Prasanna Jagannathan, Charlie C. Kim, Bryan Greenhouse, Felistas Nankya, Katherine Bowen, Ijeoma Eccles-James, Mary K. Muhindo, Emmanuel Arinaitwe, Jordan W. Tappero, Moses R. Kamya, Grant Dorsey, Margaret E. Feeney
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Although clinical immunity to malaria eventually develops among children living in endemic settings, the underlying immunologic mechanisms are not known. The Vδ2(+) subset of γδ T cells have intrinsic reactivity to malaria antigens, can mediate killing of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites, and expand markedly in vivo after malaria infection in previously naïve hosts, but their role in mediating immunity in children repeatedly exposed to malaria is unclear. We evaluated γδ T cell responses to malaria among 4-year-old children enrolled in a longitudinal study in Uganda. We found that repeated malaria was associated with reduced percentages of Vδ2(+) γδ T cells in peripheral blood, decreased proliferation and cytokine production in response to malaria antigens, and increased expression of immunoregulatory genes. Further, loss and dysfunction of proinflammatory Vδ2(+) γδ T cells were associated with a reduced likelihood of symptoms upon subsequent P. falciparum infection. Together, these results suggest that repeated malaria infection during childhood results in progressive loss and dysfunction of Vδ2(+) γδ T cells that may facilitate immunological tolerance of the parasite.
The Epigenetics of Multiple Sclerosis: Clues to Etiology and a Rationale for Immune Therapy
Authors: L Steinman, A Miller, C C A Bernard, J R Oksenberg
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1994)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More