tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol Anchorage of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
Authors: Jing Zhang, Orlando Piro, Lan Lu, George J. Broze
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The endothelium is a major source of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), the endogenous regulator of TF-induced coagulation, and a significant proportion of the expressed TFPI remains associated with the endothelial surface.Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) treatment reduced TFPI at the surface of cultured endothelial cells by approximately 80%, and at least a portion of the TFPI released by PI-PLC contained an intrinsic glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that is recognized by anti-crossreactive determinant antibodies. Endothelial cells express both of the alternatively spliced forms of TFPI mRNA at a ratio of TFPIbeta/TFPIalpha mRNA of approximately 0.1 to 0.2. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, TFPIalpha is predominantly secreted, whereas TFPIbeta is a GPI-anchored membrane protein. Like TFPIbeta, the small proportion of the TFPIalpha expressed by CHO cells that remains surface associated is also released by PI-PLC treatment, suggesting that it is bound to a separate GPI-anchored protein(s) at the surface of the cells.Both direct (TFPIbeta) and indirect (TFPIalpha) GPI-mediated membrane anchorage is involved in localizing TFPI to the surface of cells.
An Administrative Claims Model Suitable for Profiling Hospital Performance Based on 30-Day Mortality Rates Among Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, Yun Wang, Jennifer A. Mattera, Yongfei Wang, Lein Fang Han, Melvin J. Ingber, Sheila Roman, Sharon-Lise T. Normand
Journal: Circulation (2006)

A model using administrative claims data that is suitable for profiling hospital performance for heart failure would be useful in quality assessment and improvement efforts.We developed a hierarchical regression model using Medicare claims data from 1998 that produces hospital risk-standardized 30-day mortality rates. We validated the model by comparing state-level standardized estimates with state-level standardized estimates calculated from a medical record model. To determine the stability of the model over time, we used annual Medicare cohorts discharged in 1999-2001. The final model included 24 variables and had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.70. In the derivation set from 1998, the 25th and 75th percentiles of the risk-standardized mortality rates across hospitals were 11.6% and 12.8%, respectively. The 95th percentile was 14.2%, and the 5th percentile was 10.5%. In the validation samples, the 5th and 95th percentiles of risk-standardized mortality rates across states were 9.9% and 13.9%, respectively. Correlation between risk-standardized state mortality rates from claims data and rates derived from medical record data was 0.95 (SE=0.015). The slope of the weighted regression line from the 2 data sources was 0.76 (SE=0.04) with intercept of 0.03 (SE=0.004). The median difference between the claims-based state risk-standardized estimates and the chart-based rates was <0.001 (25th percentile=-0.003; 75th percentile=0.002). The performance of the model was stable over time.This administrative claims-based model produces estimates of risk-standardized state mortality that are very good surrogates for estimates derived from a medical record model.
Glucose and lipid homeostasis in the absence of human growth hormone
Authors: Thomas J. Merimee, Phillip Felig, Errol Marliss, S. Edwin Fineberg, George G. Cahill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

To clarify the role of insulin and growth hormone (HGH) in regulating substrate production for body fuel during prolonged starvation, 6 normal subjects and 10 HGH-deficient dwarfs were fasted for 6 days. Four of these dwarfs received HGH during the fast. Blood glucose concentration decreased a mean 15 mg/100 ml in both controls and HGH-treated dwarfs, but decreased 50 mg/100 ml in untreated dwarfs. The final level at which the blood glucose stabilized was significantly higher in the former two groups (65 +/-1.0 mg/100 ml and 88 +/-19 mg/100 ml, respectively, versus 39.0 +/-4.0 mg/100 ml in the untreated dwarfs). The decline in plasma insulin concentration showed a comparable pattern, decreasing from a similar basal level to 7.7 +/-0.4 muU/ml in controls, 8.8 +/-1.1 muU/ml in dwarfs treated with HGH, and to a significantly lower level of 3.8 +/-1.1 muU/ml in untreated dwarfs. When glucose concentrations were plotted against paired insulin values, the correlation in both dwarfs and normals was significant. In normals, no correlation existed at any time between plasma HGH levels and plasma concentration of either glucose or free fatty acid. Free fatty acid, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate increased respectively in normals to peak concentrations in plasma of 1.55 +/-0.11, 2.87 +/-0.23, and 0.77 +/-0.09 mmoles/liter. Untreated dwarfs had significantly greater values of all three (mean maximal concentration: FFA = 2.16 +/-0.17 mmoles/liter, beta-hydroxybutyrate = 4.11 +/-0.34 mmoles/liter, and acetoacetate = 1.16 +/-0.10 mmoles/liter). Values returned toward normal in HGH-treated dwarfs. The cahnges in plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate were not due to changes in renal excretion. In starvation, the relation between insulin on the one hand and glucose and free fatty acid on the other hand is maintained in the absence of HGH. However, the setting of blood glucose concentration at which this relation takes place is decreased in the absence of HGH. This results in a lower than normal insulin level and, consequently, in a higher than normal free fatty acid concentration.
STUDIES ON OXIDATION AND REDUCTION BY PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: James M. Neill, Oswald T. Avery
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

1. The systems responsible for oxidation and reduction in the pneumococcus cell have been shown to consist of two components, the nature of which has been discussed. 2. The oxidizing and reducing power of active extracts of pneumococci is inactivated by exposure to air. This loss in activity is due to an inactivation of the thermolabile cellular component consequent on secondary reactions analogous to those which under similar conditions destroy the hemotoxin and enzymes in pneumococcus extracts.
Follow-up of relapsed B-cell lymphoma patients treated with iodine-131-labeled anti-CD20 antibody and autologous stem-cell rescue.
Authors: S Y Liu, J F Eary, S H Petersdorf, P J Martin, D G Maloney, F R Appelbaum, D C Matthews, S A Bush, L D Durack, D R Fisher, T A Gooley, I D Bernstein, O W Press
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a promising treatment approach for B-cell lymphomas. This is our first opportunity to report long-term follow-up data and late toxicities in 29 patients treated with myeloablative doses of iodine-131-anti-CD20 antibody (anti-B1) and autologous stem-cell rescue. PATIENTS AND METHODS Trace-labeled biodistribution studies first determined the ability to deliver higher absorbed radiation doses to tumor sites than to lung, liver, or kidney at varying amounts of anti-B1 protein (0.35, 1.7, or 7 mg/kg). Twenty-nine patients received therapeutic infusions of single-agent (131)I-anti-B1, given at the protein dose found optimal in the biodistribution study, labeled with amounts of (131)I (280 to 785 mCi [10.4 to 29.0 GBq]) calculated to deliver specific absorbed radiation doses to the normal organs, followed by autologous stem-cell support. RESULTS Major responses occurred in 25 patients (86%), with 23 complete responses (CRs; 79%). The nonhematopoietic dose-limiting toxicity was reversible cardiopulmonary insufficiency, which occurred in two patients at RIT doses that delivered &gt; or = 27 Gy to the lungs. With a median follow-up time of 42 months, the estimated overall and progression-free survival rates are 68% and 42%, respectively. Currently, 14 of 29 patients remain in unmaintained remissions that range from 27+ to 87+ months after RIT. Late toxicities have been uncommon except for elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels found in approximately 60% of the subjects. Two patients developed second malignancies, but none have developed myelodysplasia (MDS). CONCLUSION Myeloablative (131)I-anti-B1 RIT is relatively well tolerated when given with autologous stem-cell support and often results in prolonged remission durations with few late toxicities.
Diabetes and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: V. W. Setiawan, B. Y. Hernandez, S. C. Lu, D. O. Stram, L. R. Wilkens, L. L. Marchand, B. E. Henderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

BackgroundDiabetes is an emerging risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but prospective data from different ethnic populations are scarce. We examined the association between diabetes and HCC in 168679 African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos and whites in the Multiethnic Cohort.
Distal radial fractures in young goalkeepers: a case for an appropriately sized soccer ball
Authors: K T Boyd, P Brownson, J B Hunter
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

To assess the rate of wrist fractures in young goalkeepers sustained by the specific mechanism of "saving the ball" and the potential influence of ball size and environmental conditions.A prospective, clinic based study in one institution over a 17 month period. Patients were identified by specific questioning. Information on play circumstances and subsequent clinical progress was documented.Twenty nine fractures of the distal radius were identified in young goalkeepers (age range 6-15 years) as a direct result of saving the ball. Most were managed simply in a plaster cast. Three patients required minor surgical interventions, and all fractures went on to unite without significant complications. Where ball size was known, 12 of the 15 fractures in children aged 11 years or less occurred as the result of impact with an adult sized ball compared with three when a junior ball was involved. This is statistically significant (p = 0.039). In the 10 children aged 12-15 years, only one fracture involved a junior ball; this is also statistically significant (p = 0.027). Six of the injuries (21%) occurred when the ball was kicked by an adult. Injuries occurred in both organised and informal games throughout the year.This specific mechanism of injury has not been widely acknowledged nor has the potential influence of ball size as a causative factor been examined. Recommendations for an appropriately sized soccer ball for young players exist but are not in universal use. Increased awareness of this particular injury mechanism is required.
Respiratory diseases in pregnancy bullet 2: Pneumonia and pregnancy
Authors: W S Lim
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is recognised as a common problem that carries a substantial morbidity and mortality.The burden of disease falls mainly on people at the extremes of age and the occurrence of CAP in young adults is uncommon.Nevertheless, pneumonia in young adults can be severe and fatal. 1 In the pregnant patient, pneumonia is the most frequent cause of fatal non-obstetric infection. 2oncern that pneumonia occurring in a pregnant patient may be more frequent, exhibit atypical features, run a more severe course, or be more diYcult to treat than in a nonpregnant patient is not unusual.Underlying these concerns are the recognised physiological and immunological changes that occur during pregnancy which may compromise the mother's ability to respond to an infection.Added to this are concerns for the health of the fetus.
Growth of acid fast L forms from the blood of patients with sarcoidosis.
Authors: P. L. Almenoff, A. Johnson, M. Lesser, L. H. Mattman
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Acid fast cell wall deficient forms (CWDF) of bacteria have been grown from blood, bronchial washings, and ocular anterior chamber fluid from patients with sarcoidosis. A monoclonal antibody raised against Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole cell antigen (H37RV) was used to characterise further CWDF grown from the blood of patients with sarcoidosis. METHODS: Blood from 20 patients with active sarcoidosis and from 20 controls was cultured using methods favourable for the growth of CWDF. Isolates were further characterised by indirect fluorescent antibody analysis using a monoclonal antibody highly reactive with M tuberculosis. RESULTS: CWDF were grown from the blood of 19 of 20 subjects with sarcoidosis. All isolates stained positively with the monoclonal antibody and with a modified Kinyoun stain. No organisms were grown from the blood of controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that CWDF can be grown from the blood of nearly all patients with active sarcoidosis. The results confirm that the organisms are mycobacterial in origin and are similar, if not identical, to M tuberculosis. Their role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is unknown.
Comparison of Community- and Health Care–Associated Methicillin-Resistant &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/EMPH&gt; Infection
Authors: Timothy S. Naimi
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has traditionally been considered a health care-associated pathogen in patients with established risk factors. However, MRSA has emerged in patients without established risk factors (community-associated MRSA).To characterize epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of community-associated MRSA cases compared with health care-associated MRSA cases.Prospective cohort study of patients with MRSA infection identified at 12 Minnesota laboratory facilities from January 1 through December 31, 2000, comparing community-associated (median age, 23 years) with health care-associated (median age, 68 years) MRSA cases.Clinical infections associated with either community-associated or health care-associated MRSA, microbiological characteristics of the MRSA isolates including susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and staphylococcal exotoxin gene testing.Of 1100 MRSA infections, 131 (12%) were community-associated and 937 (85%) were health care-associated; 32 (3%) could not be classified due to lack of information. Skin and soft tissue infections were more common among community-associated cases (75%) than among health care-associated cases (37%) (odds ratio [OR], 4.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.97-5.90). Although community-associated MRSA isolates were more likely to be susceptible to 4 antimicrobial classes (adjusted OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.35-3.86), most community-associated infections were initially treated with antimicrobials to which the isolate was nonsusceptible. Community-associated isolates were also more likely to belong to 1 of 2 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clonal groups in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Community-associated isolates typically possessed different exotoxin gene profiles (eg, Panton Valentine leukocidin genes) compared with health care-associated isolates.Community-associated and health care-associated MRSA cases differ demographically and clinically, and their respective isolates are microbiologically distinct. This suggests that most community-associated MRSA strains did not originate in health care settings, and that their microbiological features may have contributed to their emergence in the community. Clinicians should be aware that therapy with beta-lactam antimicrobials can no longer be relied on as the sole empiric therapy for severely ill outpatients whose infections may be staphylococcal in origin.
Identification of common epitopes on gliadin, enterocytes, and calreticulin recognised by antigliadin antibodies of patients with coeliac disease
Authors: S Krupičková, L Tučková, Z Flegelová, M Michalak, J R F Walters, A Whelan, J Harries, J Vencovský, H Tlaskalová-Hogenová
Journal: Gut (1999)

Background Sera of patients with coeliac disease, containing IgA and IgG antigliadin antibodies (AGA) and various IgA autoantibodies, react with isolated enterocytes. AGA cross react with enterocyte antigens, one of which has been identified as calreticulin. Aims To characterise the antigenic structures of gliadin, enterocytes, and calreticulin recognised by AGA from patients with active coeliac disease. Methods AGA were isolated from sera of nine patients by affinity chromatography and tested by competitive ELISA using 40 α-gliadin synthetic dodecapeptides (A1–F6). Results Reactivity of gliadin with all purified AGA tested was inhibited by peptide A4 at the N-terminal region; by C2, C3, and D4 at the central region; and by F3 and F4 at the C-terminal region of the gliadin molecule. AGA cross reactivity with enterocytes was inhibited by peptides A4, D1–D4, and F6 and with calreticulin by peptides A4, D3, and D4. As dominant epitopes AGA of coeliac patients recognise similar structures corresponding to peptides A4, D3, D4, and F6 present on gliadin, enterocytes, and calreticulin. Substitution of glutamine in the A4 peptide by glutamic acid caused loss of inhibitory capacity. Shortening of peptide A4 on the N-terminal by three amino acids increased its inhibitory effect. Conclusions AGA of patients with coeliac disease react with similar structures on gliadin and potential autoantigens on enterocytes.
Dysplasia and Malignancy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: W O Dobbins
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1984)

Ulcerative colitis is a highly premalignant condition, particularly when there is total colonic involvement with a disease duration of 10 or more years. Screening of appropriately selected individuals at risk for colon cancer by periodic surveillance for colonic dysplasia appears to be useful in detecting those lesions at an early treatable stage. The histology of dysplasia, a term reserved for epithelial changes that are unequivocally neoplastic, is still not completely defined, and requires a pathologist familiar with the lesion for its proper interpretation. There is a mildly increased risk of cancer of the colon and intestine in Crohn's disease, but screening of these patients does not appear to be clinically warranted.
Serum Osteocalcin Is Inversely Associated With Adipocyte-Specific Fatty Acid–Binding Protein in the Korean Metabolic Syndrome Research Initiatives
Authors: Yun Jung Lee, Heeyeon Lee, Sun Ha Jee, Seong Su Lee, Sung Rae Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Myung Won Lee, Chang Beom Lee, Seungjoon Oh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Recent studies (1) have reported that adipokines might act in a paracrine manner on osteoblasts and suppress osteoblast activity or differentiation—or both—in pathological conditions. Adipocyte-specific fatty acid–binding protein (A-FABP) is highly expressed in adipose tissue and may act systemically to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism (2). However, the association between serum osteocalcin with adipokines and A-FABP remains unclear in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between serum osteocalcin and the parameters of the metabolic syndrome and the association of serum osteocalcin with adipokines and A-FABP.

This was a cross-sectional study carried out by the Korean Metabolic Syndrome Research Initiative. The 124 obese subjects underwent a standardized examination at four university hospitals in Korea. The control …
A phase I/II study of lenalidomide in combination with sunitinib in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: B. Rini, B. Redman, J.A. Garcia, H.A. Burris, S. Li, A. Fandi, R. Beck, U. Jungnelius, J.R. Infante
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Lanosterol synthase mutations cause cholesterol deficiency-associated cataracts in the Shumiya cataract rat
Authors: M. Mori
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

The Shumiya cataract rat (SCR) is a hereditary cataractous strain. It is thought that the continuous occurrence of poorly differentiated epithelial cells at the bow area of the lens forms the pathophysiological basis for cataract formation in SCRs. In this study, we attempted to identify the genes associated with cataract formation in SCRs by positional cloning. Genetic linkage analysis revealed the presence of a major cataract locus on chromosome 20 as well as a locus on chromosome 15 that partially suppressed cataract onset. Hypomorphic mutations were identified in genes for lanosterol synthase (Lss) on chromosome 20 and farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase 1 (Fdft1) on chromosome 15, both of which function in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. A null mutation for Lss was also identified. Cataract onset was associated with the specific combination of Lss and Fdft1 mutant alleles that decreased cholesterol levels in cataractous lenses to about 57% of normal. Thus, cholesterol insufficiency may underlie the deficient proliferation of lens epithelial cells in SCRs, which results in the loss of homeostatic epithelial cell control of the underlying fiber cells and eventually leads to cataractogenesis. These findings may have some relevance to other types of cataracts, inborn defects of cholesterol synthesis, and the effects of cholesterol-lowering medication.
Chronic Dialysis and Death Among Survivors of Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis
Authors: Ron Wald
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Severe acute kidney injury among hospitalized patients often necessitates initiation of short-term dialysis. Little is known about the long-term outcome of those who survive to hospital discharge.To assess the risk of chronic dialysis and all-cause mortality in individuals who experience an episode of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis.We conducted a population-based cohort study of all adult patients in Ontario, Canada, with acute kidney injury who required in-hospital dialysis and survived free of dialysis for at least 30 days after discharge between July 1, 1996, and December 31, 2006. These individuals were matched with patients without acute kidney injury or dialysis during their index hospitalization. Matching was by age plus or minus 5 years, sex, history of chronic kidney disease, receipt of mechanical ventilation during the index hospitalization, and a propensity score for developing acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. Patients were followed up until March 31, 2007.The primary end point was the need for chronic dialysis and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality.We identified 3769 adults with acute kidney injury requiring in-hospital dialysis and 13 598 matched controls. The mean age was 62 years and median follow-up was 3 years. The incidence rate of chronic dialysis was 2.63 per 100 person-years among individuals with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis, and 0.91 per 100 person-years among control participants (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.23; 95% confidence interval, 2.70-3.86). All-cause mortality rates were 10.10 and 10.85 per 100 person-years, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.02).Acute kidney injury necessitating in-hospital dialysis was associated with an increased risk of chronic dialysis but not all-cause mortality.