tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary hypertension in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: L Laks, B Lehrhaft, RR Grunstein, CE Sullivan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

To determine the frequency and correlates of pulmonary hypertension in sleep-disordered breathing, pulmonary artery pressure, lung function and arterial blood gases were measured in 100 consecutive patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of > 20 episodes.h-1). Twenty six of the patients had significant chronic airflow limitation (CAL). Overall, 42% of patients had awake pulmonary artery pressure > 20 mmHg. Patients with pulmonary hypertension were older, had higher arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) values compared with normotensive patients. Pao2, PaCO2 and FEV1 were correlated with the levels of pulmonary artery pressure (correlation coefficient (r2) 0.50, 0.46 and 0.49, respectively). These three factors combined could explain 33% of the variability in pulmonary artery pressure. Six patients had pulmonary hypertension despite a PaO2 in excess of 10.7 kPa (80 mmHg). We conclude that pulmonary hypertension is common in patients with moderate and severe sleep apnoea, especially those with coexisting chronic airflow limitation. The presence of daytime hypoxaemia is not a prerequisite in the development of pulmonary hypertension in these patients.
long-term clinical effect of hemodynamically optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and ventricular conduction delay
Authors: Angelo Auricchio, Christoph Stellbrink, Stefan Sack, Michael Block, J.ürgen Vogt, Patricia Bakker, Christof Huth, Friedrich Schöndube, Ulrich Wolfhard, Dirk Böcker, Olaf Krahnefeld, Hans Kirkels
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Blood Safety—At What Cost?
Authors: Linda-Gail Bekker
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Donor feces infusion for eradication of Extended Spectrum beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli in a patient with end stage renal disease
Authors: R. Singh, E. van Nood, M. Nieuwdorp, B. van Dam, I.J.M. ten Berge, S.E. Geerlings, F.J. Bemelman
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Analysis for crystals in synovial fluid: training of the analysts results in high consistency
Authors: B Lumbreras
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Identification of monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD) crystals in synovial fluid samples is diagnostic of gout and CPPD crystal related arthropathy. Various studies have shown poor consistency in results of crystal analysis.To determine whether training of the analysts increases the consistency.An expert rheumatologist gave a course on crystal detection and identification. The four trained observers then blindly and independently examined synovial fluid samples previously classified by the expert which had been obtained from patients with both crystal arthropathies and other non-crystal related inflammatory joint conditions.194 observations were made on 64 synovial fluid samples: 96 without crystals (49.4%), 55 with CPPD crystal (28.4%), and 43 with MSU crystals (22.2%). For crystal detection (presence or absence of crystals), sensitivity was 95.9% and specificity 86.5%. For identification of MSU crystals, sensitivity was 95.3% and specificity 97.2%. For identification of CPPD crystals, sensitivity was 92.7% and specificity 92.1%. The kappa index of agreement with the reference standard between the observers was 0.84 for any crystal detection, 0.93 for MSU crystal sample identification, and 0.79 for CPPD crystal sample identification.For trained observers, the detection and identification of crystals in synovial fluid is a consistent procedure.
Crosstalk between fibroblasts and inflammatory cells
Authors: S. Van Linthout, K. Miteva, C. Tschope
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Fibroblasts, which are traditionally recognized as a quiescent cell responsible for extracellular matrix production, are more and more appreciated as an active key player of the immune system. This review describes how fibroblasts and immune cells reciprocally influence the pathogenesis of fibrosis. An overview is given how fibroblasts are triggered by components of the innate and adaptive immunity on the one hand and how fibroblasts modulate immune cell behaviour via conditioning the cellular and cytokine microenvironment on the other hand. Finally, latest insights into the role of cardiac fibroblasts in the orchestration of inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart, and their impact on heart failure, are outlined.
Opsins in Onychophora (Velvet Worms) Suggest a Single Origin and Subsequent Diversification of Visual Pigments in Arthropods
Authors: Lars Hering, Miriam J. Henze, Martin Kohler, Almut Kelber, Christoph Bleidorn, Maren Leschke, Birgit Nickel, Matthias Meyer, Martin Kircher, Paul Sunnucks, Georg Mayer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Multiple visual pigments, prerequisites for color vision, are found in arthropods, but the evolutionary origin of their diversity remains obscure. In this study, we explore the opsin genes in five distantly related species of Onychophora, using deep transcriptome sequencing and screening approaches. Surprisingly, our data reveal the presence of only one opsin gene (onychopsin) in each onychophoran species, and our behavioral experiments indicate a maximum sensitivity of onychopsin to blue-green light. In our phylogenetic analyses, the onychopsins represent the sister group to the monophyletic clade of visual r-opsins of arthropods. These results concur with phylogenomic support for the sister-group status of the Onychophora and Arthropoda and provide evidence for monochromatic vision in velvet worms and in the last common ancestor of Onychophora and Arthropoda. We conclude that the diversification of visual pigments and color vision evolved in arthropods, along with the evolution of compound eyes-one of the most sophisticated visual systems known.
Effect of &lt;sc&gt;dl&lt;/sc&gt;-Buthionine-&lt;italic&gt;S,R&lt;/italic&gt;-sulfoximine on the Growth of EMT6 and RIF Mouse Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A C Miller, B W Henderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The response of murine EMT6 and RIF tumors to DL-buthionine-S, R-sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione (GSH) depletor, given either as a single dose, continuous oral administration, or in multiple doses, was determined with the use of a tumor-growth-delay assay. BSO consistently caused significant tumor growth delay in EMT6 tumors, which reached 5-7 days (two doubling times) after a single BSO dose (40 mumol/kg or 4 mmol/kg), 3 days (one doubling time) with continuous oral administration (20 mM), and 9 days (three doubling times) with daily BSO administrations (4 mmol/kg) starting at the time of tumor inoculation. Growth inhibition persisted after discontinuation of BSO treatment. Some complete tumor regressions were observed. Only slight tumor growth delay (one doubling time) was observed in RIF tumors at all treatment modes. No direct correlation was observed between tumor GSH content and the effects on tumor growth. In vitro BSO pretreatment (2 mM, 24 hr) of EMT6 tumor cells prior to tumor inoculation, which reduced cellular GSH levels to 34% of controls, did not influence subsequent tumor growth. Pretreatment of mice with BSO (4 mmol/kg, 1 daily sc injection for 7 days) prior to tumor inoculation led to a reduction of tumor takes by 25% when compared to 100% tumor takes in untreated mice. These data imply a BSO-induced change in the host response to tumor development.
Placebo-Controlled Trial of<scp>d</scp>-Cycloserine Added to Conventional Neuroleptics, Olanzapine, or Risperidone in Schizophrenia
Authors: Uriel Heresco-Levy, Marina Ermilov, Jonathan Shimoni, Baruch Shapira, Gail Silipo, Daniel C Javitt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

The authors investigated the clinical effects of D-cycloserine when added to treatment with conventional neuroleptics, olanzapine, or risperidone for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Twenty-four patients participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week crossover trial with D-cycloserine, 50 mg/day, added to their fixed dose of antipsychotic medication. Clinical ratings were performed every 2 weeks.D-Cycloserine treatment was well tolerated and resulted in a significant reduction in negative symptoms (mean=15%). The degree of improvement did not differ between patients treated with conventional neuroleptics and those treated with olanzapine or risperidone.These data support the efficacy of the addition of 50 mg/day of D-cycloserine to treatment with conventional neuroleptics and suggest that therapeutic benefits may also be attained when D-cycloserine is added to olanzapine or risperidone.
Multicenter Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Therapy With Trastuzumab, Docetaxel, and Carboplatin for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2–Overexpressing Stage II or III Breast Cancer: Results of the GETN(A)-1 Trial
Authors: Bruno P. Coudert, Remy Largillier, Laurent Arnould, Philippe Chollet, Mario Campone, David Coeffic, Frank Priou, Joseph Gligorov, Xavier Martin, Véronique Trillet-Lenoir, Béatrice Weber, Jean Pierre Bleuse, Berangère Vasseur, Daniel Serin, Moïse Namer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Trastuzumab plus chemotherapy has become the standard of care for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) -positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab-based preoperative systemic therapy (PST; neoadjuvant therapy) also appears promising, warranting further investigation.Patients with HER-2-positive, stage II/III, noninflammatory, operable breast cancer requiring a mastectomy (but who wanted to conserve the breast) received trastuzumab 4 mg/kg (day 1), followed by 2 mg/kg weekly, plus docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, and carboplatin (area under curve, 6) for six cycles before surgery. The primary end point was pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, determined from surgical specimens.Seventy patients were enrolled. Most patients had clinical T2/T3 tumors (100%) or clinical N1/2 nodes (53%). Sixty-seven patients (96%) completed six cycles of therapy, one patient withdrew due to progressive disease, and two patients withdrew for toxicity. A complete or partial objective clinical response occurred in 95% of patients (85% and 10%, respectively). Surgery was breast conservative in 45 (64%) of 70 patients. In an intent-to-treat analysis, tumor and nodal pCR were seen in 27 (39%) of 70 patients. Centralized retrospective analysis of HER-2 status demonstrated a 43% pCR rate in the 24 of 56 confirmed HER-2-overexpressing (3+) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization-positive tumors. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were uncommon (2%). Two patients withdrew prematurely due to a transient, asymptomatic decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction. No symptomatic cardiac dysfunction occurred.PST with trastuzumab plus docetaxel and carboplatin achieved promising efficacy, with a good pCR rate and favorable tolerability in stage II or III HER-2-positive breast cancer.
Risk factors for lower respiratory illnesses (LRI) in infants < 32 wks gestational age (GA): Do they differ by type of illness?
Authors: Franca Rusconi, Monica Da Frè, Virgilio Carnielli, Valeria Chiandotto, Carlo Corchia, Domenico Di Lallo, Mariacristina Fertz, Silvana Miniaci, Simone Piga, Marina Cuttini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Children born very preterm suffer from and are hospitalized for LRI. Risk factors for these events should be reassessed given advances in perinatal care.  All infants 22-31 wks GA born in 2003-05 in 5 Italian regions (ACTION study) were invited for pediatric assessment and telephone interview at 24 mos corrected age. Bronchiolitis/asthmatic bronchitis and bronchitis/pneumonia in previous year, and lifetime LRI hospital admissions were recorded. Parental demographics and asthma/atopy, obstetrical and perinatal variables, breastfeeding and current environmental factors (siblings, smoking/dampness at home, traffic) were assessed as possible predictors through multivariable regression analysis.  1009/1413 children had assessment+interview. Bronchiolitis/asthmatic bronchitis (18.8% of children) were significantly associated with lower GA, parental asthma (Odds ratio,OR 1.80) and day care (OR 2.00), while female sex and foreign mother were protective (OR 0.71 and 0.56). Risk of bronchitis/pneumonia (16.2%) was significantly reduced at higher GA, in twins (OR 0.45), and in infants discharged from NICU in april-september (OR 0.63). 14% of children were admitted to hospital for LRI; they were significantly more likely to have been exposed to maternal smoking in pregnancy (OR 1.67), have had birthweight   Wheezing and LRI admissions had different risk profiles: the former were similar to those in general populations studies, while the latter were associated with prenatal factors influencing lung growth (intrauterine growth restriction, smoke) and BPD.
Folter Arzt: interrogation of prisoners in Austria in 1773
Authors: J. H. Baron
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

When I described Genocidal Doctors in this Journal some years ago (JRSM 1999;92:590-593),1 I meant doctors who conceived and conspired to exterminate hundreds or even hundreds of thousands of a specific population. When I now use the term Folter Arzt, or Torture Doctor, I do not mean a doctor who tortures; that is a Folterknecht. A ‘torture doctor’ was a state doctor who protected the prisoner at interrogations. Together with the prison doctor, he had to examine and approve the prisoner as fit, ensure that the torture did not exceed the prescribed limits, that death did not occur, and treat any injuries. I use the definition of the British Medical Association's 1992 Sir Douglas Black Working Party:2
Oldtime Ads Tout Health Benefits of Smoking: Tobacco Industry Had Doctors' Help
Authors: F. X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Oldtime Ads Tout Health Benefits of Smoking: Tobacco Industry Had Doctors' Help Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 14, 20 July 1994, Pages 1048–1049, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.14.1048 Published: 20 July 1994
Selective decreases in T cell receptor V beta expression. Decreased expression of specific V beta families is associated with expression of multiple MHC and non-MHC gene products.
Authors: M S Vacchio, R J Hodes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Previous reports of TCR V beta usage, studying either expression of a single V beta in a wide panel of strains (6, 7, 10, 12, 13), or expression of multiple V beta s in a very limited strain distribution (14, 15), have identified instances of clonal deletion of potentially autoreactive T cells specific for either self E alpha E beta or minor lymphocyte stimulatory (Mls) antigens. The present study has investigated the range of self antigens that can influence V beta usage by evaluating expression of 16 V beta families in 30 strains of mice. It was found that significant decreases in expression occur in at least 8 of the 16 V beta families and that dominant influences on the T cell V beta repertoire are exerted by expression of Mlsa, Mlsc, and MHC gene products. Decreased expressions of V beta 5, -11, -12, and -16 were influenced by MHC gene products. The patterns of decreased expression seen in intra-MHC recombinant strains and strains of different non-MHC background were distinct for V beta 11, -12, and -16, suggesting that different ligands are involved in the deletion of T cells expressing each of these V beta genes. Mice expressing Mlsa show decreased expression of V beta 9 as well as V beta 6. Mlsc mice lacked V beta 3 expression in those strains where the expressed MHC type was compatible with a strongly stimulatory Mlsc phenotype. V beta 7 was strongly influenced by both MHC and non-MHC products that are not yet identified. These results demonstrate that strain-specific decreases of mRNA expression occur in a major portion of the TCR repertoire. Self antigens including Mlsa, Mlsc, and E alpha E beta, as well as additional MHC and non-MHC products, appear to induce these decreases in expression in the process of eliminating self-reactive T cells from the mature T cell pool.
BRCA1 mRNA Expression Levels Predict for Overall Survival in Ovarian Cancer after Chemotherapy
Authors: Jennifer E. Quinn, Colin R. James, Gail E. Stewart, Jude M. Mulligan, Patricia White, Gary K.F. Chang, Paul B. Mullan, Patrick G. Johnston, Richard H. Wilson, D. Paul Harkin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: We investigated whether BRCA1 mRNA expression levels may represent a biomarker of survival in sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer following chemotherapy treatment. Experimental Design: The effect of loss of BRCA1 expression on chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer was measured in vitro using dose inhibition assays and Annexin V flow cytometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to evaluate the relationship between BRCA1 mRNA expression levels and survival after chemotherapy treatment in 70 fresh frozen ovarian tumors. Results: We show that inhibition of endogenous BRCA1 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines results in increased sensitivity to platinum therapy and decreased sensitivity to antimicrotubule agents. In addition, we show that patients with low/intermediate levels of BRCA1 mRNA have a significantly improved overall survival following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy in comparison with patients with high levels of BRCA1 mRNA (57.2 versus 18.2 months; P = 0.0017; hazard ratio, 2.9). Furthermore, overall median survival for higher-BRCA1-expressing patients was found to increase following taxane-containing chemotherapy (23.0 versus 18.2 months; P = 0.12; hazard ratio, 0.53). Conclusions: We provide evidence to support a role for BRCA1 mRNA expression as a predictive marker of survival in sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer.
Evolution of insect proteomes: insights into synapse organization and synaptic vesicle life cycle
Authors: Chava Yanay, Noa Morpurgo, Michal Linial
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

The molecular components in synapses that are essential to the life cycle of synaptic vesicles are well characterized. Nonetheless, many aspects of synaptic processes, in particular how they relate to complex behaviour, remain elusive. The genomes of flies, mosquitoes, the honeybee and the beetle are now fully sequenced and span an evolutionary breadth of about 350 million years; this provides a unique opportunity to conduct a comparative genomics study of the synapse. We compiled a list of 120 gene prototypes that comprise the core of presynaptic structures in insects. Insects lack several scaffolding proteins in the active zone, such as bassoon and piccollo, and the most abundant protein in the mammalian synaptic vesicle, namely synaptophysin. The pattern of evolution of synaptic protein complexes is analyzed. According to this analysis, the components of presynaptic complexes as well as proteins that take part in organelle biogenesis are tightly coordinated. Most synaptic proteins are involved in rich protein interaction networks. Overall, the number of interacting proteins and the degrees of sequence conservation between human and insects are closely correlated. Such a correlation holds for exocytotic but not for endocytotic proteins. This comparative study of human with insects sheds light on the composition and assembly of protein complexes in the synapse. Specifically, the nature of the protein interaction graphs differentiate exocytotic from endocytotic proteins and suggest unique evolutionary constraints for each set. General principles in the design of proteins of the presynaptic site can be inferred from a comparative study of human and insect genomes.
Phase I Study of Ipilimumab, an Anti–CTLA-4 Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory B-Cell Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Stephen M. Ansell, Sara A. Hurvitz, Patricia A. Koenig, Betsy R. LaPlant, Brian F. Kabat, Donna Fernando, Thomas M. Habermann, David J. Inwards, Meena Verma, Reiko Yamada, Charles Erlichman, Israel Lowy, John M. Timmerman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

The growth of non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be influenced by tumor-immune system interactions. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a negative regulator of T-cell activation that serves to dampen antitumor immune responses. Blocking anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies improves host resistance to immunogenic tumors, and the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab (MDX-010) has clinical activity against melanoma, prostate, and ovarian cancers.We did a phase I trial of ipilimumab in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma to evaluate safety, immunologic activity, and potential clinical efficacy. Treatment consisted of ipilimumab at 3 mg/kg and then monthly at 1 mg/kg x 3 months (dose level 1), with subsequent escalation to 3 mg/kg monthly x 4 months (dose level 2).Eighteen patients were treated, 12 at the lower dose level and 6 at the higher dose level. Ipilimumab was generally well tolerated, with common adverse events attributed to it, including diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain, anorexia, fatigue, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Two patients had clinical responses; one patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma had an ongoing complete response (>31 months), and one with follicular lymphoma had a partial response lasting 19 months. In 5 of 16 cases tested (31%), T-cell proliferation to recall antigens was significantly increased (>2-fold) after ipilimumab therapy.Blockade of CTLA-4 signaling with the use of ipilimumab is well tolerated at the doses used and has antitumor activity in patients with B-cell lymphoma. Further evaluation of ipilimumab alone or in combination with other agents in B-cell lymphoma patients is therefore warranted.