tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Bottle Feeding in the Etiology of Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Jarod P. McAteer, Daniel J. Ledbetter, Adam B. Goldin
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

IMPORTANCE Bottle feeding has been implicated in the etiology of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). Further data are needed to define the nature of this relationship and the clinical variables that influence it. OBJECTIVE To determine if bottle feeding after birth is associated with the development of HPS in infants. We hypothesized that bottle feeding is associated with an increased risk of HPS and that this risk is modified by other risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based case-control study of births from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2009, using Washington State birth certificates linked to hospital discharge data. Cases included all singleton infants born within the study period and subsequently admitted with both a diagnostic code for HPS and a procedure code for pyloromyotomy (n = 714). Controls were randomly chosen among singleton infants who did not develop HPS and were frequency matched to cases by birth year. EXPOSURE Feeding status (breast vs bottle) was coded on the birth certificate as the type of feeding the infant was receiving at birth discharge. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Diagnosis of HPS. RESULTS Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis incidence decreased over time, from 14 per 10,000 births in 2003 to 9 per 10,000 in 2009. Simultaneously, breastfeeding prevalence increased from 80% in 2003 to 94% in 2009. Compared with controls, cases were more likely to be bottle feeding after birth (19.5% vs 9.1%). After adjustment, bottle feeding was associated with an increased risk of HPS (odds ratio [OR], 2.31; 95% CI, 1.81-2.95). This association did not differ according to sex or maternal smoking status but was significantly modified by maternal age (<20 years OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.51-1.88; ≥35 years OR, 6.07; 95% CI, 2.81-13.10) and parity (nulliparous OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.07-2.38; multiparous OR, 3.42; 95% CI, 2.23-5.24). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Bottle feeding is associated with an increased risk of HPS, and this effect seems to be most important in older and multiparous women. These data suggest that bottle feeding may play a role in HPS etiology, and further investigations may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed effect modification by age and parity.
ACROSCLEROSIS: A DISEASE SUI GENERIS OR A VARIETY OF DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA ?
Authors: S. JABLOŃSKA, B. BUBNOW, B. LUKASIAK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1959)

Journal Article ACROSCLEROSIS: A DISEASE SUI GENERIS OR A VARIETY OF DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA ? Get access S. JABLOŃSKA, S. JABLOŃSKA The Department of Dermatology, Warsaw Medical School, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. BUBNOW, B. BUBNOW The Department of Dermatology, Warsaw Medical School, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. LUKASIAK B. LUKASIAK The Department of Dermatology, Warsaw Medical School, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 71, Issue 4, 1 April 1959, Pages 123–133, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1959.tb13397.x Published: 01 April 1959
Remarks ON THE TREATMENT OF TAENIA
Authors: J. K. Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1906)

<b>Purpose</b>: To evaluate clinical aspects of patients with the diagnosis of plateau iris (PI) or pseudoplateau iris (PPI) made by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in order to determine if there are clinical factors that can help differentiate between these two entities. <b>Method</b>: A retrospective cohort of consecutive UBM patients with the diagnosis of PI or PPI. The diagnosis of PI was based on an anteriorly positioned ciliary body that abutted the peripheral iris, a narrow (&lt;10 degrees) or closed angle for at least 180 degrees, and the anterior portion of the iris positioned anterior to scleral spur. The diagnosis of PPI was similar to plateau except that large or a cluster of small cysts had to be present in the iridociliary sulcus. <b>Results</b>: There were a total of 76 patients (28% male), 21 with PPI and 55 with PI. Patients with PPI were more likely to be male (p=0.005 ), slightly younger (51.5 ± 10.7 vs. 57.9 ± 10.2 p= 0.0190), have a 9bumpy9 peripheral iris appearance (p=0.003), have greater trabecular meshwork pigmentation (2.0 + 0.7 vs. 1.3 + 0.6 p=0.004), and have less clock hours of gonioscopic angle closure vs. plateau iris patients (5.1 + 4.3 vs. 9.2 + 4.2 p=0.0009). Spherical equivalent was not significantly different between groups (0.50D±1.69 PPI vs. 1.33D±2.42 PI; p=0.187). <b>Conclusions</b>: In patients being referred to a UBM clinic for evaluation of angle closure mechanism, younger males with a bumpy peripheral iris have a higher likelihood of having a diagnosis of pseudoplateau iris. However, clinical factors do not appear to discriminate well between PPI and PI. UBM is extremely helpful in confirming underlying mechanism and guiding therapy.
The potential danger of a solely interferon- release assay-based approach to testing for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children
Authors: T. G. Connell, M. Tebruegge, N. Ritz, P. Bryant, N. Curtis
Journal: Thorax (2010)

but must be openly discussed, communicated and documented.A predicted moderate to high risk of death from community-acquired pneumonia is a highly relevant piece of information required to mount an ethically valid treatment recommendation and decision, particularly in those patients with pneumonia regarded to be a terminal event.Nevertheless, we recalculated the predictions of the CRB-65 score excluding all those who died without having received any ventilator support during hospitalisation.The results are: overall death rate 8618, 2.5%, CRB-65 risk class 1: 0.5%, risk class 2: 1.7% and risk class 3: 12.2%.These numbers support the following conclusions: (1) the CRB-65 score remains useful in predicting deaths in a three class pattern; (2) obviously, virtually no previous study on community-acquired pneumonia truly excluded all patients with treatment limitations.
Smooth muscle cells in pathogenesis of vascular medial cartilaginous metaplasia
Authors: M. Y. Speer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

This editorial refers to ‘Arterial injury promotes medial chondrogenesis in Sm22 knockout mice’ by J. Shen et al ., pp. 28–37, this issue. 

Vascular medial calcification (VMC), also known as Monckeberg's medial sclerosis, is commonly associated with ageing and occurs in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In these cases, calcium phosphate salts deposit in arterial mediae associated with elastin/collagen-rich extracellular matrix, typically in a linear fashion along the elastic lamina of arterial mediae. As the lesion advances, the mediae are filled with circumferential rings of calcium phosphate crystals, resulting in decreased vessel wall compliance that leads to increased arterial pulse wave velocity and pressure, impaired coronary artery perfusion, and cardiovascular dysfunction.1 In T2D and ESRD patients, arterial medial calcification is highly prevalent and believed to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, stroke, and lower-limb amputation.2–4

VMC has long been considered a degenerative process leading to passive deposition of calcium phosphate salts associated with tissue necrosis. However, the presence of bone- and cartilage-related proteins, osteoblast- and chondrocyte-like cells, and outright bone- and cartilage-like tissue in calcified lesions has underscored its cell-mediated, actively regulated nature that resembles, at least in part, embryonic bone formation and remodelling.2,5–7 …
DD3PCA3-based Molecular Urine Analysis for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Daphne Hessels, Jacqueline M.T. Klein Gunnewiek, Inge van Oort, Herbert F.M. Karthaus, Geert J.L. van Leenders, Bianca van Balken, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, J.Alfred Witjes, Jack A. Schalken
Journal: European Urology (2003)
A Prostate-Specific Antigen-Activated Channel-Forming Toxin as Therapy for Prostatic Disease
Authors: S. A. Williams, R. F. Merchant, E. Garrett-Mayer, J. T. Isaacs, J. T. Buckley, S. R. Denmeade
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

Most men will develop prostatic abnormalities, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer, as they age. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease that is secreted at high levels by the normal and diseased prostate. Therapies that are activated by PSA may prove effective in treating prostatic malignancies. We modified proaerolysin (PA), the inactive precursor of a bacterial cytolytic pore-forming protein, to produce a PSA-activated protoxin (PRX302). The viability of the prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines LNCaP, PC-3, CWR22H, and DU145 and the bladder cancer cell line TSU after treatment with PA or PRX302 in the presence or absence of purified PSA was assayed. Mice carrying xenograft tumors derived from LNCaP, CWR22H, or TSU cells were treated with intratumoral injection of PA or PRX302, and tumor size was monitored. To test the safety of PRX302, we administered it into the PSA-secreting prostate glands of cynomolgus monkeys. All statistical tests were two-sided. Native PA was highly toxic in vitro but had no tumor-specific effects in vitro or in vivo. Picomolar concentrations of PRX302 led to PSA-dependent decreases in cell viability in vitro (PRX302 versus PRX302 + PSA: DU145 cells, mean viability = 78.7% versus mean = 1.6%, difference = 77.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 70.6% to 86.1%; P <.001; TSU cells, mean = 100.2% versus mean = 1.4%, difference = 98.8%, 95% CI = 96.4% to 104.0%; P <.001). Single intratumoral injections of PRX302 produced substantial and often complete regression of PSA-secreting human prostate cancer xenografts (5 μg dose, complete regression in 6 of 26 mice bearing LNCap or CWR22H xenografts [23%]; 10 μg dose, complete regression in 10 of 26 mice [38.5%]) but not PSA-null bladder cancer xenografts. The prostates of cynomolgus monkeys injected with a single dose of PRX302 displayed extensive but organ-confined damage, with no toxicity to neighboring organs or general morbidity. Our observations demonstrate the potential safe and effective intraprostatic application of this engineered protoxin.
Analysis of CLIP and iCLIP methods for nucleotide-resolution studies of protein-RNA interactions
Authors: Yoichiro Sugimoto, Julian König, Shobbir Hussain, Blaž Zupan, Tomaž Curk, Michaela Frye, Jernej Ule
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) and individual-nucleotide resolution CLIP (iCLIP) are methods to study protein-RNA interactions in untreated cells and tissues. Here, we analyzed six published and two novel data sets to confirm that both methods identify protein-RNA cross-link sites, and to identify a slight uridine preference of UV-C-induced cross-linking. Comparing Nova CLIP and iCLIP data revealed that cDNA deletions have a preference for TTT motifs, whereas iCLIP cDNA truncations are more likely to identify clusters of YCAY motifs as the primary Nova binding sites. In conclusion, we demonstrate how each method impacts the analysis of protein-RNA binding specificity.
Macrolide antibiotics inhibit nitric oxide generation by rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages
Authors: K Kohri, J Tamaoki, M Kondo, K Aoshiba, E Tagaya, A Nagai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

There is evidence that macrolide antibiotics are effective in the treatment of chronic airway inflammatory diseases, probably through actions other than their antibacterial properties. In order to determine whether macrolides affect the nitric oxide-generating system in the respiratory tract, rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) were studied in vitro. The release of NO was assessed by direct measurement with a specific amperometric sensor for this molecule, and the expression of type II NO synthase (NOS) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was determined by Northern blotting. Incubation of PAMs with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and recombinant human interferon-gamma caused release of NO, which was accompanied by induction of type II NOS mRNA. The release of NO was reduced by coincubation of cells with the macrolides erythromycin, clarithromycin and josamycin in a concentration-dependent manner, the maximal inhibition being 73+/-10, 81+/-6 and 84+/-9%, respectively, but was not altered by amoxycillin or cefaclor. These macrolides likewise inhibited the induction of type II NOS mRNA, whereas no inhibitory effects were observed with amoxycillin or cefaclor. These results suggest that macrolide antibiotics specifically inhibit type II NO synthase gene expression and consequently reduce NO production by rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages, which might result in attenuation of airway inflammation.
Separation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. I. Enrichment of antigen-binding cells.
Authors: W Haas, J E Layton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Normal mouse spleen cells were fractionated in dishes coated with thin layers of DNP-gelatin or NIP-gelatin, which were insoluble at 4 degrees C. Highly viable cells were recovered from the dishes by melting the gel at 37 degrees C. NIP3- gelatin layers bound approximately 0.1% and DNP4-gelatin layers 0.5% of normal spleen cells. Increasing numbers of low affinity cells were bound with increasing DNP density of the adsorbent. The binding to insoluble DNP-gelatin was hapten-specific since it was inhibited by DNP-lysine, soluble DNP-gelatin or DNP-BSA but not by soluble gelatin or bovine serum albumin (BSA). It was also inhibited by a polyvalent rabbit antimouse Ig. DNP-gelatin was detected on the surface of cells recovered from DNP-gelatin-coated dishes by 125-I-labeled anti-DNP Ig. The cell surface bound DNP-gelatin could be removed by treatment with collagenase. Collagenase treatment did not detectably affect cell viability or surface receptors. More than 90% of DNP-gelatin binding cells were labeled with a polyvalent 125-I-labeled antimouse Ig before or after collagenase treatment under conditions known to label B lymphocytes. Furthermore, the specific antigen-binding capacity of the purified cell populations could be demonstrated after treatment with collagenase. Purified DNP4-gelatin binding cells contained more than 100 times as many DNP-RFC than unfractionated cells. The enrichment of NIP-RFC in the cell population recovered from NIP3 gelatin-coated dishes was more than 200-fold.
TGF-ß Signaling in Renal Disease
Authors: Erwin P. Bo[Combining Diaeresis]ttinger, Markus Bitzer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Since discovery over a decade ago of a role for the cytokine TGF-ß as key mediator of glomerular and tubulointerstitial pathobiology in chronic kidney diseases, studies of TGF-ß signaling in the kidney have focused on the molecular biology of fibrogenesis. In recent years, glomerular and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and cellular transdifferentiation have been proposed as putative primary pathomechanisms that may underlie progression of renal disease. This review describes evidence in support of nonlinear models and functional roles of TGF-ß signaling in mediating apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) in chronic progressive renal disease. Emphasis is placed on cell context-dependent models of TGF-ß signaling providing a conceptual framework to consolidate seemingly distinct pathomechanisms of progression of glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease.E-mail: [email protected]
The abnormal cytotoxic T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus in rheumatoid arthritis is correlated with disease activity and occurs in other arthropathies.
Authors: J.S Gaston, A.B Rickinson, Q.Y Yao, M.A Epstein
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The cytotoxic T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus as measured by the regression assay was found to be impaired in a group of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). When these patients responded clinically to treatment with sulphasalazine there was a concomitant increase in the strength of this virus specific T cell response. The suggestion of a correlation between disease activity and impairment in this immune response was borne out in studies of other groups of patients with RA. Thus six out of 10 hospitalised patients had abnormal regression compared with six out of 31 patients seen routinely as outpatients. Studies of patients with inflammatory arthropathies other than RA, however, also showed abnormal regression in four out of 16 patients. It is concluded that the impairment in the cytotoxic T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus in RA is influenced by disease activity, and that this abnormality is not a specific feature of rheumatoid disease.
Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases: Metabolism, Expression, and Disease
Authors: Robert H. Tukey, Christian P. Strassburg
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2000)

In vertebrates, the glucuronidation of small lipophilic agents is catalyzed by the endoplasmic reticulum UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). This metabolic pathway leads to the formation of water-soluble metabolites originating from normal dietary processes, cellular catabolism, or exposure to drugs and xenobiotics. This classic detoxification process, which led to the discovery nearly 50 years ago of the cosubstrate UDP-glucuronic acid (19), is now known to be carried out by 15 human UGTs. Characterization of the individual gene products using cDNA expression experiments has led to the identification of over 350 individual compounds that serve as substrates for this superfamily of proteins. This data, coupled with the introduction of sophisticated RNA detection techniques designed to elucidate patterns of gene expression of the UGT superfamily in human liver and extrahepatic tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, has aided in understanding the contribution of glucuronidation toward epithelial first-pass metabolism. In addition, characterization of the UGT1A locus and genetic studies directed at understanding the role of bilirubin glucuronidation and the biochemical basis of the clinical symptoms found in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia have uncovered the structural gene polymorphisms associated with Crigler-Najjar's and Gilbert's syndrome. The role of the UGTs in metabolism and different disease states in humans is the topic of this review.
Despair on disparities
Authors: L. Carmona, E. Loza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

In this issue of Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases , Sokka et al ( see page 1666 ), by analysing the data from the Quantitative Standard Monitoring of Rheumatoid Arthritis (QUEST-RA) cohort, with over 6000 patients from 25 countries, warn us of possible disparities in the health of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.1 This international team of researchers found a clear association between gross domestic product and the average status of the patients. We believe it is imperative to review some concepts that may help to understand the implications of these results.

Health inequalities, disparities, or variability in health, may be defined as differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups (ie, differences in mobility between older individuals and younger ones, or differences in death rates between social classes). It is important to distinguish them from inequities. Inequity means that the difference is unfair, a matter of injustice. Some health inequalities are attributable to biological variations or even to the free choice of individuals, while others may be attributable to external sources, mainly outside the control of those concerned. In the first case it may be impossible, or ethically or ideologically unacceptable to modify the health determinants and so the health inequalities are inevitable. In the second, the uneven distribution may be unnecessary and avoidable as well as unjust and unfair, so that the resulting health inequalities also lead to inequity in health.2 3

Reports on health inequalities exist between countries, within countries, between regions, health systems (including hospitals and …
Wilms's Tumour: its Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: L. S. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1956)

also suffered from disturbances of sleep rhythm during the later two stages.During the whole course of observa- tion she was mentally very unstable without exhibiting signs of genuine psychotic alterations.The majority of the morbid phenomena as well as their fluctuability point to hypothalamic involvement, and their response to dehydrative therapy to cerebral oedema affecting various centres during the different stages (pseudo-tumor cerebri) as the underlying cause.This hypothesis is also readily compatible with the appearance and regression of the neurological and ocular manifestations.On the strength of this and similar observations made by us, it is suggested that in cases of Cushing's syndrome in which evidence of gross pituitary or adrenocortical pathology is lacking a hypothalamic origin of the condition be taken into account.Such cases may respond well to conservative therapy-that is, drastic dietary restrictions and dehydrative measures-especially when a marked tendency towards water and salt retention is present, and may even regress spontaneously.
Helminths for asthma: Findings of a Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Ashley Croft, Peter Bager, Sushil Kumar, Pat Manning
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Helminths modulate the natural immune responses of their human hosts, and may prevent or cure immune-mediated or allergic diseases, such as asthma. Non-randomised studies support this hypothesis.

Objectives: To assess the safety and effectiveness of helminth therapy in people with asthma.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Trials Register and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. We included all randomised controlled trials where the intervention was any helminth species administered to people with asthma. We combined dichotomous data using risk ratio (RR) and continuous data using mean difference (MD).

Results: We found 5 published reports, describing 2 studies (64 adult participants). Both studies used a single percutaneous application of 10 third stage Necator americanus (i.e. hookworm) larvae. Pooling of data showed no difference in airway hyperresponsiveness between the helminth and placebo groups (MD 0.51, 95% CI –0.54 to 1.56) and no difference in study dropouts (OR 2.15, 95% CI 0.36 to 12.76). Other outcomes (asthma symptoms, use of reliever inhalers, quality of life) did not differ between the groups. Adverse events were few.

Conclusions: There was no clinical benefit from helminth therapy. The trials however were small and not powered to show effectiveness. Administered to humans in carefully measured doses, helminths appear to be safe. More preclinical studies should be performed, before larger and extended duration trials of helminths for asthma are carried out. 'Trickle colonisation' with helminths may be more effective than the administration to patients of a single large helminth bolus, but this therapeutic approach has not yet been tested for asthma.
Hip fracture-dislocation in football: a report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: E Giza, K Mithöfer, H Matthews, M Vrahas
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Soccer is the world’s most popular sport, with over 200 million participants world wide. Fractures account for only 4–9% of acute injuries, and hip fracture-dislocation is extremely uncommon. The potentially serious long term sequelae require that team physicians have an awareness of this injury. Two cases of traumatic hip fracture-dislocation are here reported in recreational soccer players sustained by low energy mechanisms. Prompt reduction and fixation are important to produce a stable and congruent joint.