tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group on Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, Eric D. Peterson, John Z. Ayanian, Marshall H. Chin, Robert F. DeBusk, Lee Goldman, Catarina I. Kiefe, Neil R. Powe, John S. Rumsfeld, John A. Spertus, William S. Weintraub
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a working group on outcomes research in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The working group sought to provide guidance on research priorities in outcomes research related to CVD. For the purposes of this document, “outcomes research” is defined as investigative endeavors that generate knowledge to improve clinical decision making and healthcare delivery to optimize patient outcomes. The working group identified the following priority areas: (1) national surveillance projects for high-prevalence CV conditions; (2) patient-centered care; (3) translation of the best science into clinical practice; and (4) studies that place the cost of interventions in the context of their real-world effectiveness. Within each of these topics, the working group described examples of initiatives that could serve the Institute and the public. In addition, the group identified the following areas that are important to the field: (1) promotion of the use of existing data; (2) facilitation of collaborations with other federal agencies; (3) investigations into the basic science of outcomes research, with an emphasis on methodological advances; (4) strengthening of appropriate study sections with individuals who have expertise in outcomes research; and (5) expansion of opportunities to train new outcomes research investigators. The working group concluded that a dedicated investment in CV outcomes research could directly improve the care delivered in the United States.
Peripheral myelin protein–22 gene maps in the duplication in chromosome 17p11.2 associated with Charcot–Marie–Tooth 1A
Authors: Norisada Matsunami, Brooke Smith, Linda Ballard, M. William Lensch, Margaret Robertson, Hans Albertsen, C. Oliver Hanemann, Hans W. Müller, Thomas D. Bird, Ray White, Phillip F. Chance
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Key role of glycoprotein Ib/V/IX and von Willebrand factor in platelet activation-dependent fibrin formation at low shear flow
Authors: Judith M. E. M. Cosemans, Saskia E. M. Schols, Lucia Stefanini, Susanne de Witt, Marion A. H. Feijge, Karly Hamulyák, Hans Deckmyn, Wolfgang Bergmeier, Johan W. M. Heemskerk
Journal: Blood (2010)
Random comparison of repeated faecal immunochemical testing at different intervals for population-based colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Aafke H C van Roon, S Luuk Goede, Marjolein van Ballegooijen, Anneke J van Vuuren, Caspar W N Looman, Katharina Biermann, Jacqueline C I Y Reijerink, Hans 't Mannetje, Alexandra C M van der Togt, J Dik F Habbema, Monique E van Leerdam, Ernst J Kuipers
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Colorectal cancer screening by means of faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) requires successive screening rounds for an optimal preventive effect. However, data on the influence of the length of the screening interval on participation and diagnostic yield are lacking. Repeated FIT screening was therefore performed in a population-based trial comparing various repeat intervals. <h3>Design</h3> 7501 Dutch individuals aged 50–74 years were randomly selected and invited for two 1-sample FIT screening rounds (haemoglobin (Hb) concentration ≥50 ng/ml, corresponding to 10 μg Hb/g faeces) with intervals of 1 (group I), 2 (group II) or 3 years (group III). <h3>Results</h3> In group I, participation was 64.7% in the first screening round and 63.2% in the second. The corresponding percentages for groups II and III were 61.0% vs 62.5% and 62.0% vs 64.0%. Triennial screening resulted in a higher participation rate in the second screening round compared with annual screening (p=0.04). The overall positivity rate in the second screening round was significantly lower compared with the first round (6.0% vs 8.4%; OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.82) and did not depend on interval length (p=0.23). Similarly, the overall detection rate of advanced neoplasia was significantly lower in the second round compared with the first screening round (1.9% vs 3.3%; OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.76) and also did not depend on interval length (p=0.62). The positive predictive value of the FIT did not significantly change over time (41% vs 33%; p=0.07). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The total number of advanced neoplasia found at repeat FIT screening is not influenced by the interval length within a range of 1–3 years. Furthermore, there is a stable and acceptably high participation in the second screening round. This implies that screening intervals can be tailored to local resources.
Long-term durable benefit after whole lung lavage in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: M. Beccaria, M. Luisetti, G. Rodi, A. Corsico, M.C. Zoia, S. Colato, P. Pochetti, A. Braschi, E. Pozzi, I. Cerveri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Whole lung lavage (WLL) is still the gold-standard therapy for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). The few studies on the duration of the effect of WLL, belonging to a rather remote period, show significant but transient benefits. In 21 patients with idiopathic PAP, the duration of any benefit and, in 16 of them, the time course of lung function improvement (at baseline, 1 week, 6 months, 1 yr and then every 2 yrs after WLL) were evaluated. The present WLL technique takes longer, is invasively monitored and partially modified with respect to past techniques. More than 70% of patients remained free from recurrent PAP at 7 yrs. The bulk of the improvement in spirometric results was almost completely gained in the immediate post‐WLL period due to the efficient clearance of the alveoli. At a median of 5 yrs, recovery of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide was incomplete (75±19% of the predicted value) and there were residual gas exchange abnormalities (alveolar to arterial oxygen tension difference 3.6±1.5 kPa (27±11 mmHg)) and exercise limitation, probably explained by engorgement of lymphatic vessels. In conclusion, whole lung lavage for idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is currently a safe procedure in an experienced setting, and provides long-lasting benefits in the majority of patients.
Hantavirus disease in Germany due to infection with Dobrava-Belgrade virus genotype Kurkino
Authors: J. Hofmann, M. Meier, M. Enders, A. Führer, J. Ettinger, B. Klempa, S. Schmidt, R.G. Ulrich, D.H. Kruger
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)

Members of the Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) species are hantaviruses carried by different Apodemus mice as reservoir hosts and causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. In Central Europe, the Kurkino genotype of DOBV, associated with the striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, is prevalent. This paper presents the first extensive study of the serological and molecular diagnostics, epidemiology and clinics of DOBV-Kurkino infections in Central Europe. Serum samples from 570 German patients living in the habitat of A. agrarius (north and northeast Germany) and exhibiting febrile disease, were analysed. All samples were tested by ELISA, subsets of samples were also analysed by immunoblot, neutralization assay, and RT-PCR. A group of 86 individuals was confirmed as DOBV-infected. The virus neutralization assay allowed a reliable identification of DOBV antibodies during both acute and convalescent phases of infection. However, differentiation of relevant DOBV genotypes was not possible by neutralization test but required molecular analysis. Whereas DOBV IgM antibodies tend to persist in the infected organism, RNAaemia seems to be short. Nucleotide sequences were amplified from four patients, and their analysis demonstrated infection by DOBV-Kurkino. With respect to the initial results, the high degree of identity of local patient-derived and A. agrarius-derived virus sequences may allow a closer allocation of the geographical place where the human infection occurred. In contrast to moderate/severe HFRS caused by the DOBV genotypes Dobrava or Sochi, all available data showed a mild clinical course of HFRS caused by DOBV-Kurkino infection without lethal outcomes.
Low Toe-Brachial Pressure Index Predicts Increased Risk of Recurrent Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: María Martín-Fuentes, Lucrecia Herranz, Lourdes Saez-de-Ibarra, Luis Felipe Pallardo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) and toe-brachial pressure index (TBI) are used for the detection of peripheral arterial disease. Low ABI is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death (1,2). The validity of TBI in the prediction of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes has been hardly evaluated.

After an acute coronary syndrome, 81 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited (2003–2011). Baseline parameters (men 74.1%, age 65.3 ± 9.1 years, diabetes duration 13.4 ± 9.2 years) were collected and ABI and TBI were measured using standard procedures. TBI data were missing for eight patients, and three patients with an ABI ≥1.3 were excluded from the ABI analysis. During follow-up, all major cardiovascular events (new episode of myocardial infarction, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral arterial disease) were registered. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were …
Activation, Deactivation, and Adaptation in Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cells
Authors: Marie E Burns, Denis A Baylor
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2001)

▪ Abstract Visual transduction captures widespread interest because its G-protein signaling motif recurs throughout nature yet is uniquely accessible for study in the photoreceptor cells. The light-activated currents generated at the photoreceptor outer segment provide an easily observed real-time measure of the output of the signaling cascade, and the ease of obtaining pure samples of outer segments in reasonable quantity facilitates biochemical experiments. A quiet revolution in the study of the mechanism has occurred during the past decade with the advent of gene-targeting techniques. These have made it possible to observe how transduction is perturbed by the deletion, overexpression, or mutation of specific components of the transduction apparatus.
Urolithiasis and hepatotoxicity are linked to the anion transporter Sat1 in mice
Authors: Paul A. Dawson, Christopher S. Russell, Soohyun Lee, Sarah C. McLeay, Jacobus M. van Dongen, David M. Cowley, Lorne A. Clarke, Daniel Markovich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Urolithiasis, a condition in which stones are present in the urinary system, including the kidneys and bladder, is a poorly understood yet common disorder worldwide that leads to significant health care costs, morbidity, and work loss. Acetaminophen-induced liver damage is a major cause of death in patients with acute liver failure. Kidney and urinary stones and liver toxicity are disturbances linked to alterations in oxalate and sulfate homeostasis, respectively. The sulfate anion transporter–1 (Sat1; also known as Slc26a1) mediates epithelial transport of oxalate and sulfate, and its localization in the kidney, liver, and intestine suggests that it may play a role in oxalate and sulfate homeostasis. To determine the physiological roles of Sat1, we created Sat1–/– mice by gene disruption. These mice exhibited hyperoxaluria with hyperoxalemia, nephrocalcinosis, and calcium oxalate stones in their renal tubules and bladder. Sat1–/– mice also displayed hypersulfaturia, hyposulfatemia, and enhanced acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity. These data suggest that Sat1 regulates both oxalate and sulfate homeostasis and may be critical to the development of calcium oxalate urolithiasis and hepatotoxicity.
New Impact Factor Rankings Show Continued Upward Trajectory for Neuro-Oncology
Authors: W. K. Alfred Yung
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

We are pleased to report that Neuro-Oncology’s impact factor (published annually by Thomson Scientific in its Journal Citation Reports) continues its upward trajectory (see figure). The journal has reached a new high, with an impact factor of 4.939, as indicated in the recently released 2006 rankings. As a result of this increase, Neuro-Oncology’s ranking has improved among both oncology journals (ranking 23rd of 127) and clinical neurology journals (ranking 14th of 146).



Journal Citation Reports Ratings for Neuro-Oncology, 2002–2006



The impact factor has become for many the primary metric used to assess a journal’s success. It is an indicator of the mean citation frequency for articles published in a specific journal in the preceding 2 years (i.e., our impact factor for 2006 reflects the mean number of times Neuro-Oncology articles published in 2004 and 2005 were cited in 2006).

Additional analysis of Neuro-Oncology article citation trends further attests to the journal’s increasing visibility and significance to the worldwide community of clinicians and investigators who study or treat brain tumors. For instance, we found a marked decrease in uncited articles: 23% of the total articles used in calculating the journal’s 2005 impact factor received no citations, whereas that value dropped to an estimated 6% for the 2006 calculation. In addition, the number of Neuro-Oncology articles receiving at least five citations for the period of time used to calculate the 2006 impact factor increased twofold relative to 2005 (36% for the 2006 impact factor and 18% for the 2005 impact factor). This increase indicates that more articles in Neuro-Oncology are being cited more frequently and that the journal’s high impact factor is not a result of a single citation-accruing article, such as a high-impact review. Additional metrics of potential interest, such as journal half-life and immediacy index values, are calculated by Thomson Scientific and are accessible by visiting http://portal.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi (choose “Journal Citation Reports” to look up information about any journal the company tracks).

The continuation of positive citation trends for Neuro-Oncology helps to emphasize a critical responsibility of the journal editors and editorial board: to see that manuscripts of interest, as well as of quality, are published herein. It also suggests responsibilities of the journal’s readership: to be familiar with the contents of the journal and to cite Neuro-Oncology articles whenever appropriate.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 regulates TNF -induced signalling and cytokine secretion in human intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: M. Scharl, D. F. McCole, A. Weber, S. R. Vavricka, P. Frei, S. Kellermeier, T. Pesch, M. Fried, G. Rogler
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> The Crohn9s disease (CD) susceptibility gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 (PTPN2), regulates interferon γ (IFNγ)-induced signalling and epithelial barrier function in T<sub>84</sub> intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether PTPN2 is also regulated by tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and if PTPN2 controls TNFα-induced signalling and effects in IECs. <h3>Methods</h3> T<sub>84</sub> IECs were used for all cell studies. Protein levels were assessed by western blotting, mRNA levels by reverse transcription–PCR (RT–PCR) and cytokine levels by ELISA. PTPN2 knock-down was induced by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Imaging was performed by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. <h3>Results</h3> TNFα treatment elevated PTPN2 mRNA as well as nuclear and cytoplasmic protein levels and caused cytoplasmic accumulation of PTPN2. Biopsy specimens from patients with active CD showed strong immunohistochemical PTPN2 staining in the epithelium, whereas samples from patients with CD in remission featured PTPN2 levels similar to controls without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Though samples from patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) revealed more PTPN2 protein than non-IBD patients and patients with UC in remission, their PTPN2 expression was lower than in active CD. Samples from patients with CD in remission and responding to anti-TNF treatment also showed PTPN2 levels that were similar to those in control patients. Pharmacological inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by BMS-345541 prevented the TNFα-induced rise in PTPN2 protein, independent of apoptotic events. PTPN2 knock-down revealed that the phosphatase regulates TNFα-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 phosphorylation, without affecting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitor of κB (IκB) or NF-κB phosphorylation. Loss of PTPN2 potentiated TNFα-induced secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8. In TNFα- and IFNγ-co-treated cells, loss of PTPN2 enhanced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). <h3>Conclusions</h3> TNFα induces PTPN2 expression in IECs. Loss of PTPN2 promotes TNFα-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling and the induction of inflammatory mediators. These data indicate that PTPN2 activity could play a crucial role in the establishment of chronic inflammatory conditions in the intestine, such as CD.
Surgical Treatment of Candida Endocarditis
Authors: Jerome Harold Kay
Journal: JAMA (1968)

After an initially successful surgery in a patient withCandidaendocarditis, three additional patients with this disease were treated by surgery. These three patients had severe aortic insufficiency, and one also had concomitant severe mitral insufficiency. Experience with chemotherapy for this infection underscores the failure of chemotherapy alone to cure the infection. A technique for the use of early surgical intervention to remove the gross nidus of infection combined with amphotericin B therapy during and following surgery has been advocated. Complete recovery and unrestricted activity have been achieved in two of these three patients for a two- and three-year follow-up. This represents a total of three surgical cures in four patients operated upon by us and is a significant improvement in the previously reported expected mortality with patients treated medically.
Dose response of ipratropium bromide assessed by two methods
Authors: C. J Allen, A. H Campbell
Journal: Thorax (1980)

The dose-response relationships of ipratropium bromide were assessed by two different techniques in two groups of 10 male patients with partially reversible airways obstruction. In a randomised double-blind fashion on four days, 10 patients were given 40 μg, 80 μg, or 120 μg of ipratropium bromide or placebo from identical containers. Baseline FEV<sub>1</sub> and vital capacity were measured and the measurements repeated after 40 minutes, one, two, four, and six hours, and any symptoms were elicited. In the second study, each patient received cumulative doses of 40 μg, 80 μg, and 120 μg. Baseline FEV<sub>1</sub> was obtained and repeated 35 minutes after each dose. The peak increase of the FEV<sub>1</sub> was comparable in both studies. The FEV<sub>1</sub> was slightly greater after 120 μg than after 40 μg. Although this reached statistical significance only in the first study, it was concluded that the cumulative dose-response technique was suitable for determining the peak response. However, this technique was unsuitable for assessing duration of effect, which could be examined only in the first study. After 120 μg of ipratropium bromide, the FEV<sub>1</sub> was significantly greater than after 40 μg at each time interval and it was greater than 80 μg at six hours (p&lt;0·05). No significant side effects were noted in either study. When prolonged effective bronchodilation is sought, a dose of 120 μg of ipratropium bromide may be preferable to the recommended dose of 40 μg.
Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Caused by Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Andres Carrillo, Miquel Ferrer, Gumersindo Gonzalez-Diaz, Antonia Lopez-Martinez, Noemi Llamas, Maravillas Alcazar, Lucia Capilla, Antoni Torres
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is widely used in episodes of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there is no evidence on the efficacy of NIV during similar episodes in obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS).To compare the efficacy of NIV in episodes of AHRF caused by OHS and COPD.We prospectively assessed 716 consecutive patients (173 with OHS and 543 with COPD) with AHRF (arterial pH < 7.35 and Pa(CO(2)) > 45 mm Hg) treated with a similar protocol of NIV. We defined successful NIV as avoidance of intubation and intensive care unit survival at least 24 hours in the ward. Hospital survivors were followed for 1 year to assess hospital readmission and survival.Both groups had similar (mean ± SD) baseline respiratory acidosis (arterial pH, 7.22 ± 0.08; Pa(CO(2)), 86 ± 21 mm Hg). Patients with OHS were older (74 ± 11 vs. 71 ± 10 yr; P < 0.001); were more frequently female (134, 77% vs. 66, 12%; P < 0.001); had less late NIV failure (12, 7% vs. 67, 13%; P = 0.037); had lower hospital mortality (10, 6% vs. 96, 18%; P < 0.001); and had higher 1-year survival (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-2.69; P = 0.002). However, survival adjusted for confounders (adjusted odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-2.83; P = 0.34), NIV failure (11, 6% vs. 59, 11%; P = 0.11), length of stay, and hospital readmission were similar in both groups. Among patients with COPD, obesity was associated with less late NIV failure and hospital readmission.Patients with OHS can be treated with NIV during an episode of AHRF with similar efficacy and better outcomes than patients with COPD.
Circulating HER2 mRNA-positive cells in the peripheral blood of patients with stage I and II breast cancer after the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy: evaluation of their clinical relevance
Authors: S. Apostolaki, M. Perraki, A. Pallis, V. Bozionelou, S. Agelaki, P. Kanellou, A. Kotsakis, E. Politaki, K. Kalbakis, A. Kalykaki, L. Vamvakas, V. Georgoulias, D. Mavroudis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Social care can reduce demand on hospitals for end of life care
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Appropriate use of social care services by people nearing the end of their life can ease pressure on hospitals, but current usage varies widely across England, says a report by the health think tank the Nuffield Trust.

The study, which was funded by the Department of Health’s national end of life care programme, tracked the ways that more than 73 000 people used publicly funded health and social care services during the last months of their lives.1

Drawing on information from the population across seven different local authority areas in England, the authors linked different datasets …
Reovirus therapy of lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Tommy Alain, Kensuke Hirasawa, Kelly J. Pon, Sandra G. Nishikawa, Stefan J. Urbanski, Yvonna Auer, Joanne Luider, Anita Martin, Randal N. Johnston, Anna Janowska-Wieczorek, Patrick W. K. Lee, Anna E. Kossakowska
Journal: Blood (2002)
The impact of psoriasis on quality of life
Authors: L.H.F. de Arruda, A.P.F. de Moraes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which the signs vary from one patient to another and over time. Traditionally, physicians have used various parameters to assess the severity of the disease: percentage of body surface area covered, erythema, plaque thickness, degree of scaling and systemic symptoms such as arthritis. However, these clinical assessments alone do not accurately reflect the overall effect of the disease on patients' daily activities. Apart from the clinical severity of affected areas, psoriasis can also have a profound psychosocial impact on the patient's quality of life. This concept is multidimensional, encompassing the physical, social and psychological wellbeing of the person and is based on the patient's view of their condition.