tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung Resection for Tuberculosis in Children
Authors: J J QUINLAN, V D SCHAFFNER, J E HILTZ
Journal: JAMA (1963)

At the Nova Scotia Sanatorium from 1944 to 1959 lung resection for tuberculosis was carried out in 1257 instances. Of these, 44 operations were performed on 41 children from 5 to 15 years of age. Two patients had bilateral surgery, and in two others a second homolateral resection was necessary. Twenty-five per cent of the operations were done for the "middle lobe syndrome", the remainder for the reinfection type of tuberculosis. Two children died, one in the early postoperative period, of pulmonary edema, and the other six years after a second homolateral resection for progression of her tuberculous disease. Complications occurred in 20% of cases, of which 18% were early and reversible. Thirty-eight of the survivors have fully recovered and the other has improved.Pulmonary resection is required infrequently in children with tuberculosis. When it is indicated, the results are excellent. These young patients withstand major thoracic surgery extremely well.
Effect of intermittent pneumatic compression on disability, living circumstances, quality of life, and hospital costs after stroke: secondary analyses from CLOTS 3, a randomised trial
Authors: Martin Dennis
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2014)

The results of the CLOTS 3 trial showed that intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) reduced the risk of deep vein thrombosis and improved survival in immobile patients with stroke. IPC is now being widely used in stroke units. Here we describe the disability, living circumstances, quality of life, and hospital costs of patients in CLOTS 3.In CLOTS 3, a parallel group trial in 94 UK hospitals, immobile patients with stroke from days 0 to 3 of admission were assigned with a computer-generated allocation sequence in a 1:1 ratio to IPC or no IPC through a central randomisation system. We followed up patients at about 6 months with postal or telephone questionnaire to assess the secondary endpoints: disability (Oxford Handicap Scale [OHS]), living circumstances, health-related quality of life (EQ5D-3L), and hospital costs (based on use of IPC and length of hospital stay). Patients and carers who completed the postal questionnaires were not masked to treatment allocation, but telephone follow-up in non-responders was masked. All analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN93529999.Between Dec 8, 2008, and Sept 6, 2012, we enrolled 2876 patients, with 1438 in each group. Despite the previously reported reduction in the risk of proximal deep vein thrombosis at 30 days (primary endpoint), there were no significant differences in disability (OHS 0-2 vs 3-6, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0·98, 95% CI 0·80 to 1·19, p=0·83; adjusted ordinal analysis common OR 0·97, 95% CI 0·86 to 1·11), living circumstances (institutional care vs not; adjusted OR 1·11, 95% CI 0·89 to 1·37; p=0·358), or health-related quality of life (median utility value 0·26, IQR -0·07 to 0·66 with IPC, and 0·27, -0·06 to 0·64, with no IPC; p=0·952). The estimated cost of IPC was £64·10 per patient (SD 28·3). The direct costs of preventing a deep vein thrombosis and death were £1282 (95% CI 785 to 3077) and £2756 (1346 to not estimable), respectively, with IPC. Hospital costs increased by £451 with IPC compared with no IPC because of a longer stay in hospital (mean 44·5 days [SD 37·6] vs 42·8 days [37·2]; mean difference 1·8 days, 95% CI -1·0 to 4·5). By 6 months, despite an increase in survival (IPC 152·5 days [SD 60·6] vs no IPC 148·1 days [64·3]; mean difference 4·5 days, 95% CI -0·2 to 9·1), there was a non-significant increase in quality-adjusted survival associated with IPC (IPC 27·6 days [SD 40·6] vs no IPC 26·7 days [39·6]; mean difference 0·9 days, 95% CI -2·1 to 3·9).IPC is inexpensive, prevents deep vein thrombosis, improves survival but not functional outcomes, and does not lead to a significant gain in quality-adjusted survival. When deciding whether to treat patients with IPC, clinicians need to take into account all these potential effects.National Institute of Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme, Chief Scientist Office of Scottish Government, and Covidien.
Zigzag Generalized Lévy Walk: the <i>In Vivo</i> Search Strategy of Immunocytes
Authors: Hui Li, Shuhong Qi, Honglin Jin, Zhongyang Qi, Zhihong Zhang, Ling Fu, Qingming Luo
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Immune responses are based on the coordinated searching behaviors of immunocytes that are aimed at tracking down specific targets.The search efficiency of immunocytes significantly affects the speed of initiation and development of immune responses.Previous studies have shown that not only the intermittent walk but also the zigzag turning preference of immunocytes contributes to the search efficiency.However, among existing models describing immunocytes' search strategy, none has captured both features.Here we propose a zigzag generalized Lévy walk model to describe the search strategy of immunocytes more accurately and comprehensively by considering both the intermittent and the zigzag-turning walk features.Based on the analysis of the searching behaviors of typical immune cell types, dendritic cells and leukocytes, in their native physiological environment, we demonstrate that the model can describe the in vivo search strategy of immunocytes well.Furthermore, by analyzing the search efficiency, we find that this type of search strategy enables immunocytes to capture rare targets in approximately half the time than the previously proposed generalized Lévy walk.This study sheds new light on the fundamental mechanisms that drive the efficient initiation and development of immune responses and in turn may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for diseases ranging from infection to cancer.
The Philadelphia chromosome and Philadelphia chromosome mosaicism in chronic granulocytic leukemia.
Authors: J E Sokal, G A Gomez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.1.104 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3510275 The Philadelphia chromosome and Philadelphia chromosome mosaicism in chronic granulocytic leukemia. J E SokalxJ E SokalSearch for articles by this author , G A GomezxG A GomezSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.1.104 First Page PDF © 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Sports physiotherapy advancing in New Zealand
Authors: Hamish Ashton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background/Aim: Altered expression of runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1T1) has been observed in several human cancer types; however, the exact role for RUNX1T1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The GSE21510 CRC and our previously published datasets were utilized in this study. Gene-expression profiling was conducted using the Agilent microarray platform, while data normalization and bioinformatics were conducted using GeneSpring software. AlamarBlue assay was used to assess cell viability in vitro. Results: The expression of RUNX1T1 was severely down-regulated in primary CRC and cell lines. Lentiviral-mediated re-expression of RUNX1T1 inhibited CRC cell growth, and global gene-expression analysis revealed the cell cycle, DNA replication, and DNA damage as the pathways most affected by RUNX1T1. Forced expression of RUNX1T1 induced a significant reduction in cellular proliferation and sensitized CRC cells to 5-flurouracil. Conclusion: Our data revealed a novel role for RUNX1T1 as a tumor-suppressor gene in CRC through modulation of multiple cellular pathways.
B Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Less Than 200 Pg/Ml Represents Good Candidate For High Dose Melphalan and Predicts Longer Survival In Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Toshiaki Hayashi, Hiroshi Ikeda, Yuka Aoki, Yumiko Maruyama, Tadao Ishida, Yasuhisa Shinomura
Journal: Blood (2013)
Outcome of patients with advanced gastro-intestinal stromal tumors (GIST) crossing over to a daily imatinib dose of 800mg (HD) after progression on 400mg (LD) - an international, intergroup study of the EORTC, ISG and AGITG
Authors: J. R. Zalcberg, J. Verweij, P. G. Casali, A. Le Cesne, P. Reichardt, J.-Y. Blay, R. D. Issels, M. Van Glabbeke, V. Evrard, I. R. Judson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9004 Background: The EORTC-ISG-AGITG trial in which 946 GIST patients (pts) were randomized to receive 400 or 800 mg of Imatinib daily has shown an increased progression free survival in pts randomized to the HD arm. Pts randomized to LD could cross-over to HD upon progression (PD). The present analysis aims at evaluating the feasibility, safety and efficacy of this policy. Methods: End-points include the fraction of pts on LD with PD who crossed over, the cumulative incidence of subsequent dose reductions (with treatment discontinuation as competing risk), inter-pt comparison of toxicities observed at LD and HD (Mc Nemar paired test), objective responses and time to second PD after cross-over (Kaplan-Meier estimate). Results: Of the 473 patients randomized to LD, 220 patients had PD as of 7/12/03. Of the 206 patients with f/u information, 143 pts (69%) crossed to HD (41% of the 44 pts with prior dose reduction on LD and 77% of the remaining 162 pts with PD not requiring a dose reduction on LD). The cumulative incidence of subsequent dose reduction after cross-over was 31% after one year, and 2 pts discontinued therapy due to toxicity. Anemia and fatigue increased after cross-over, while leucopenia and neutropenia were less severe than during the initial LD treatment. Excluding 29 pts who crossed-over before (11 pts) or > 60 days after (18 pts) radiologically documented PD and the 17 pts not yet reassessed, 2 confirmed partial responses, 30 stable disease (20+ to 592+ days), and 65 pts with PD were recorded in 97 evaluable pts. In all, 89% of pts discontinued protocol therapy for PD. However, after 1 year, 26% of the pts were still progression free (median time to PD: 78 days compared to 203 days prior to cross over. Conclusions: Cross-over to HD Imatinib is feasible in most GIST pts who progress on LD therapy. Despite increased fatigue and anemia, dose reduction is only required in 31% of pts within a year. Dose increase leads to further therapeutic activity. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Novartis Novartis Novartis
Assessment of the Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Novel Vaccine Platforms for HIV-1 Prevention
Authors: Lindsey R. Baden, Etienne Karita, Gaudensia Mutua, Linda-Gail Bekker, Glenda Gray, Liesl Page-Shipp, Stephen R. Walsh, Julien Nyombayire, Omu Anzala, Surita Roux, Fatima Laher, Craig Innes, Michael S. Seaman, Yehuda Z. Cohen, Lauren Peter, Nicole Frahm, M. Juliana McElrath, Peter Hayes, Edith Swann, Nicole Grunenberg, Maria Grazia-Pau, Mo Weijtens, Jerry Sadoff, Len Dally, Angela Lombardo, Jill Gilmour, Josephine Cox, Raphael Dolin, Patricia Fast, Dan H. Barouch, Dagna S. Laufer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Background: A prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is a global health priority. Objective: To assess a novel vaccine platform as a prophylactic HIV-1 regimen. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Both participants and study personnel were blinded to treatment allocation. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01215149) Setting: United States, East Africa, and South Africa. Patients: Healthy adults without HIV infection. Intervention: 2 HIV-1 vaccines (adenovirus serotype 26 with an HIV-1 envelope A insert [Ad26.EnvA] and adenovirus serotype 35 with an HIV-1 envelope A insert [Ad35.Env], both administered at a dose of 5 × 1010 viral particles) in homologous and heterologous combinations. Measurements: Safety and immunogenicity and the effect of baseline vector immunity. Results: 217 participants received at least 1 vaccination, and 210 (>96%) completed follow-up. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events occurred. All regimens were generally well-tolerated. All regimens elicited humoral and cellular immune responses in nearly all participants. Preexisting Ad26- or Ad35-neutralizing antibody titers had no effect on vaccine safety and little effect on immunogenicity. In both homologous and heterologous regimens, the second vaccination significantly increased EnvA antibody titers (approximately 20-fold from the median enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of 30–300 to 3000). The heterologous regimen of Ad26–Ad35 elicited significantly higher EnvA antibody titers than Ad35–Ad26. T-cell responses were modest and lower in East Africa than in South Africa and the United States. Limitations: Because the 2 envelope inserts were not identical, the boosting responses were complex to interpret. Durability of the immune responses elicited beyond 1 year is unknown. Conclusion: Both vaccines elicited significant immune responses in all populations. Baseline vector immunity did not significantly affect responses. Second vaccinations in all regimens significantly boosted EnvA antibody titers, although vaccine order in the heterologous regimen had a modest effect on the immune response. Primary Funding Source: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, National Institutes of Health, Ragon Institute, Crucell Holland.
Sociopolitical insularity is psychology's Achilles heel
Authors: Richard E. Redding
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract Academic psychology has become increasingly non-diverse politically, which skews and impedes social psychological science (as Duarte et al. argue). We should embrace viewpoint diversity, especially since the arguments favoring sociopolitical diversity are identical to those for demographic and cultural diversity. Doing so will produce a more robust, open, and creative psychological science that is informed and tested by a multiplicity of sociopolitical paradigms.
Abstract 15157: Swimming Reduces the Severity of Atherosclerosis by Antioxidant Effects in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice
Authors: Chiharu Kishimoto, Taka-aki Okabe, Kana Shimada, Miki Hattori, Toshinori Murayama, Masayuki Yokode
Journal: Circulation (2012)

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise training may protect against the development of atherosclerosis. However, the precise mechanisms are still unknown. PURPOSE: We assessed the hypothesis that exercise training reduced the severity of experimental atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein (apo) E-deficient mice by antioxidant effects. METHODS: Exercise training (45 min swimming, 3 times per week) was conducted on apo E-deficient mice fed a high fat diet. Over 8 and 16 weeks on alternate days, mice were treated with and without exercise, and exercise-treated additional mice were orally given by 25 mg/kg/day of NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. In addition, the effect of L-arginine (2.25%, orally) against L-NAME was also tested (each group, n=6∼11). RESULTS: Fatty streak formation and fibrofatty plaques developed in apo E-deficient mice fed a high fat diet, and were suppressed in mice treated with swimming for 8 and 16 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions were not ameliorated in mi...
HER2 Signaling Drives DNA Anabolism and Proliferation through SRC-3 Phosphorylation and E2F1-Regulated Genes
Authors: Bryan C. Nikolai, Rainer B. Lanz, Brian York, Subhamoy Dasgupta, Nicholas Mitsiades, Chad J. Creighton, Anna Tsimelzon, Susan G. Hilsenbeck, David M. Lonard, Carolyn L. Smith, Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Approximately 20% of early-stage breast cancers display amplification or overexpression of the ErbB2/HER2 oncogene, conferring poor prognosis and resistance to endocrine therapy. Targeting HER2+ tumors with trastuzumab or the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor lapatinib significantly improves survival, yet tumor resistance and progression of metastatic disease still develop over time. Although the mechanisms of cytosolic HER2 signaling are well studied, nuclear signaling components and gene regulatory networks that bestow therapeutic resistance and limitless proliferative potential are incompletely understood. Here, we use biochemical and bioinformatic approaches to identify effectors and targets of HER2 transcriptional signaling in human breast cancer. Phosphorylation and activity of the Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 (SRC-3) is reduced upon HER2 inhibition, and recruitment of SRC-3 to regulatory elements of endogenous genes is impaired. Transcripts regulated by HER2 signaling are highly enriched with E2F1 binding sites and define a gene signature associated with proliferative breast tumor subtypes, cell-cycle progression, and DNA replication. We show that HER2 signaling promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through regulation of E2F1-driven DNA metabolism and replication genes together with phosphorylation and activity of the transcriptional coactivator SRC-3. Furthermore, our analyses identified a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) signaling node that, when targeted using the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, defines overlap and divergence of adjuvant pharmacologic targeting. Importantly, lapatinib and palbociclib strictly block de novo synthesis of DNA, mostly through disruption of E2F1 and its target genes. These results have implications for rational discovery of pharmacologic combinations in preclinical models of adjuvant treatment and therapeutic resistance. Cancer Res; 76(6); 1463–75. ©2016 AACR.
Stride, a Randomized, Phase 2, Open-Label Study of Sipuleucel-T with Concurrent Vs Sequential Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (Mcrpc)
Authors: D.P. Petrylak, D.I. Quinn, R. Dreicer, E.S. Antonarakis, N.D. Shore, J. Corman, R. Concepcion, C.M. Pieczonka, A.C. Stubbs, N. Sheikh, T. Devries, A.S. Sandler, C.G. Drake
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Red signs and not severity of cirrhosis should determine non-selective β-blocker treatment in Child–Pugh C cirrhosis with small varices: increased risk of hepatorenal syndrome and death beyond 6 months of propranolol use
Authors: Georgios N Kalambokis, Gerasimos Baltayiannis, Leonidas Christou, Dimitrios Christodoulou
Journal: Gut (2016)

We read with great interest the updated guidelines recently published by Tripathi et al 1 on behalf of the Clinical Services and Standards Committee of the British Society of Gastroenterology on the management of variceal haemorrhage (VH) in patients with cirrhosis. One of the topics of discussion was the primary prevention of VH. To our knowledge, these are the first guidelines in the literature to recommend that the initiation of non-selective β-blockers (NSBBs) in patients with small varices should be determined only by coexisting red signs and not the severity of liver disease as recommended by the recent Baveno's VI consensus (Child–Pugh C)2 and US guidelines (Child–Pugh B/C).3 We fully agree with the authors that robust data allowing any formal recommendation in patients with cirrhosis and small varices without red signs, including those with advanced liver disease, never existed. Moreover, concerns have been raised recently that NSBBs may increase the risk for hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease due to …
Phase I/II study of ABI-007 as first line chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: N. A. Rizvi, C. Azzoli, V. Miller, K. Ng, J. Fiore, G. Chia, M. Brower, R. Heelan, M. Hawkins, M. Kris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7105 Background: ABI-007 is a 130-nm albumin-bound form of paclitaxel. This study was designed to determine (1) the MTD and DLTs of ABI-007 in patients with stage IV chemotherapy-naive NSCLC and (2) the efficacy and safety of ABI-007 at the MTD. Methods: Eligibility requirement included ECOG PS 0–1, adequate organ function and sensory neuropathy ≤ grade 1. No prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease was allowed. Prior EGFR TKI therapy was allowed. ABI-007 was administered on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days (IV over 30 min. without premedication). In the phase I portion, 3 dose levels were studied (100, 125 and 150 mg/m 2 ) and in the phase 2 portion, 40 patients were treated at the MTD. Results: 50 patients received ABI-007; the median age was 70 yo and 76% of patients were ≥ 65 yo. No DLTs were observed at the 100 and 125 mg/m 2 dose level. However at the 150 mg/m 2 dose level 2/6 patients had a DLT (febrile neutropenia and sensory neuropathy, respectively) during cycle 1 such that the MTD was exceeded. The 125 mg/m 2 dose level was identified as the MTD and expanded to 40 patients in the phase 2 portion of this study. Toxicity and efficacy data is presented for the phase 2 portion. Ten patients (25%) had received prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and 5 (13%) had received prior gefitinib or erlotinib. Sensory neuropathy was the most frequent toxicity with grade 2 and 3 toxicity occurring in 8% and 15% of patients. Grade 2 and 3 fatigue was observed in 8% and 13% of patients. Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia occurred in 10% and 3% of patients with no febrile neutropenia observed. Response was assessed by RECIST. One CR and 14 PRs were observed for an overall response rate of 15/40 (38%). The median survival was 10.3 months. Conclusions: The MTD for ABI-007 administered over 30 min. on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days was 125 mg/m 2 . No hypersensitivity reactions were observed and no premedication was given. In the phase 2 portion, a 38% response rate and 10.3 month survival was observed. Non-hematologic toxicities were primarily sensory neuropathy and fatigue. Myelosuppression was minimal and no febrile neutropenia was observed. Further development of ABI-007 in NSCLC is warranted based on the encouraging single agent activity observed in this study. [Table: see text]
Four-Color Flow Cytometric Investigation of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase–Positive Lymphoid Precursors in Pediatric Bone Marrow: CD79a Expression Precedes CD19 in Early B-Cell Ontogeny
Authors: Michael N. Dworzak, Gerhard Fritsch, Gertraud Fröschl, Dieter Printz, Helmut Gadner
Journal: Blood (1998)
Chromosome Fragility in New Zealand Black Mice: Effect of Syngeneic, Allogeneic, and Xenogeneic Sera on Fetal Fibroblasts In Vitro&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A L Reddy, P J Fialkow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The sensitivity of fetal fibroblasts from New Zealand Black (NZB) and BALB/c mice to syngeneic, allogenic, and xenogeneic sera was tested. The NZB fetal fibroblasts manifested significantly more chromosome abnormalities when grown in the presence of syngeneic sera or in one of three tested allogeneic sera but no in xenogeneic sera. In contrast, no chromosome fragility was observed in BALB/c fetal fibroblasts tested under similar conditions. These findings suggested that NZB fetal fibroblasts are not generally unstable but that the instability is expressed only in response to specific factors(s) present in syngeneic sera from young and old mice.
Rapid Engraftment Without Significant Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Transplantation of CD34+ Selected Cells From Peripheral Blood
Authors: Alvaro Urbano-Ispizua, Ciril Rozman, Carmen Martı́nez, Pedro Marı́n, Javier Briones, Montserrat Rovira, Pedro Féliz, Maria Cruz Viguria, Ana Merino, Jorge Sierra, Roberto Mazzara, Enric Carreras, Emilio Montserrat
Journal: Blood (1997)