tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the cetacean mitochondrial D-loop region.
Authors: A R Hoelzel, J M Hancock, G A Dover
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1991)

We sequenced the mitochondrial DNA D-loop regions from two cetacean species and compared these with the published D-loop sequences of several other mammalian species, including one other cetacean. Nucleotide substitution rates, DNA sequence simplicity, possible open reading frames (ORFs), and potential RNA secondary structure were investigated. The substitution rate is an order of magnitude lower than would be expected on the basis of reports on human sequence variation in this region but are consistent with interspecific primate and rodent D-loop sequence variation and with estimates of substitution rates from whole mitochondrial genomes. Deletions/insertions are less common in the cetacean D-loop than in other vertebrate species. Areas of high sequence simplicity (clusters of short repetitive motifs) across the region correspond to areas of high sequence divergence. Three regions predicted to form secondary structures are homologous to such putative structures in other species; however, the presumptive structures most conserved in cetaceans are different from those reported for other taxa. While all three species have possible long ORFs, only a short sequence of seven amino acids is shared with other mammalian species, and those changes that had occurred within it are all nonsynonymous. We conclude that DNA slippage, in addition to point mutation, contributes to the evolution of the D-loop and that regions of conserved secondary structure in cetaceans and an ORF are unlikely to contribute significantly to the conservation of the central region.
Brazils mercury poisoning disaster.
Authors: Byrne L
Journal: BMJ (1992)

In May 1992 40 mercury poisoning victims from the village of Minarmarta Japan and their physicians and lawyers met mercury poisoning victims from gold mining activities at Santarem on River Tapajos in Brazil to bring attention to this environmental catastrophe.  From Santarem the Brazilian and Japanese scientists and physicians went to the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro to garner support for research. Since the early 1960s goldminers have discarded about 2000 tons of mercy (used in the gold separating process) into opencast or riverbed mines all over Amazonia.  Gold buyers sometimes burnt the mercury thereby releasing it into the air or drained it into the rivers.  People living in riverside communities have been the most affected by mercury contamination since they eat much fish and manioc.  Goldminers and buyers have also been affected.  Hair samples from communities hundreds of kilometers from a gold mine have revealed mercury levels 15 times greater than the greatest level recommended by WHO.  By May 1992 1 physician has treated more than 100 people for mercury poisoning in or near Santarem in Para State Brazil.  Since the symptoms resemble those of malaria he believed that many more people in the area had not yet been diagnosed with mercury poisoning.  The symptoms were headaches dizziness numbness and vision loss.  A biophysicist at Federal University in Rio de Janeiro noted that goldminers had discarded 3 times as much mercury into the Amazons rivers than was dumped in Minarmarta Bay in Japan.  Therefore Brazil should expect a major epidemic of mercury poisoning over the next 10-15 years.  Further government officials could not enforce the 1989 law prohibiting mercury use in gold mines.  The biophysicist and colleagues have created a gold cleaning method which retains 96% of mercury.  They hoped to convince goldminers to use the method.
Prevalence of Latent Prostate Carcinoma in Two U.S. Populations&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J M Guileyardo, W D Johnson, R A Welsh, K Akazaki, P Correa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The prevalence of latent prostate carcinoma, the suspected precursor of invasive carcinoma, was studied in 500 autopsy specimens from New Orleans, Louisiana, and found to be similar in both whites and blacks. The tumors were subdivided into latent infiltrative type (LIT) and latent noninfiltrative type tumor was measured by photographic techniques. A good correlation between size and histology was found: The mean size of LIT tumors was significanty greater than that of LNT tumors. Age-versus-size plots revealed a subset of large LIT lesions in blacks that was not found among whites of the same ages. This subset may account for the excess of invasive carcinomas in blacks. These results suggest that many latent carcinomas lack promotional stimuli to become invasive.
JAK2V617F allele burden ⩾50% is associated with response to ruxolitinib in persons with MPN-associated myelofibrosis and splenomegaly requiring therapy
Authors: G Barosi, C Klersy, L Villani, E Bonetti, P Catarsi, V Poletto, R Campanelli, S Impera, R Latagliata, G Viarengo, A Carolei, M Massa, M Musso, A Crescimanno, R P Gale, V Rosti
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Ex Vivo Patient-Specific Validation Of Personalized Therapeutic Designed For Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Nicole A Doudican, Shireen Vali, Shweta Kapoor, Anay Talawdekar, Zeba Sultana, Aftab Alam, Ansu Kumar, Neeraj Kumar Singh, Anuj Tyagi, Taher Abbasi, Amitabha Mazumder
Journal: Blood (2013)
Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease Using Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography
Authors: Shingo Kato, Kakuya Kitagawa, Nanaka Ishida, Masaki Ishida, Motonori Nagata, Yasutaka Ichikawa, Kazuhiro Katahira, Yuji Matsumoto, Koji Seo, Reiji Ochiai, Yasuyuki Kobayashi, Hajime Sakuma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Phylogenetic distribution in the genus Mus of t-complex-specific DNA and protein markers: inferences on the origin of t-haplotypes.
Authors: C Delarbre, Y Kashi, P Boursot, J S Beckmann, P Kourilsky, F Bonhomme, G Gachelin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1988)

We have examined the phylogenetic distribution of two t-specific markers among representatives of various taxa belonging to the genus Mus. The centromeric TCP-1a marker (a testicular protein variant specific for all t-haplotypes so far studied) has also been apparently detected in several non-t representatives of the Mus IVA, Mus IVB, and probably M. cervicolor species. By contrast, a t-specific restriction-fragment-length polymorphism allele (RFLP) of the telomeric alpha-globin pseudogene DNA marker alpha-psi-4 was found only in animals belonging to the M. musculus-complex species either bearing genuine t-haplotypes or, like the M. m. bactrianus specimen studied here, likely to do so. This t-specific alpha-psi-4 RFLP allele was found to be as divergent from the RFLP alleles of the latter, non-t, taxonomical groups as it is from Mus 4A, Mus 4B, or M. spretus ones. These results suggest the presence of t-haplotypes and of t-specific markers in populations other than those belonging to the M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus subspecies, implying a possible origin for t-haplotypes prior to the radiation of the most recent offshoot of the Mus genus (i.e., the spretus/domesticus divergence), some 1-3 Myr ago.
Clinical course of patients with incidental finding of 20q- in the bone marrow without a morphologic evidence of myeloid neoplasm
Authors: Majd D. Jawad, Min Shi, Jennifer L. Oliveira, James D. Hoyer, C. Christopher Hook, Ronald S. Go
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20 (20q-) is a frequent finding in bone marrow karyotypes, mainly associated with myeloid neoplasms (MNs). Its clinical significance in the setting of normal bone marrow morphology is unclear. We described the clinical characteristics, cytogenetic findings, and outcome of 102 such patients seen at our institution from 2000-2014. Their median age was 66 years. The indication for bone marrow biopsy was either unexplained cytopenias (48%) or hematologic cancer staging/reevaluation (52%). In 88 (86%) patients, 20q- was an isolated finding. Thirty-nine (38%) patients previously received chemotherapy and 88 (86%) had cytopenias at the time of 20q- finding. After a median of 35 months, 12 (13%) patients developed MNs: 10 myelodysplastic syndromes, one acute myeloid leukemia and one myeloproliferative neoplasm. None of 14 patients with normal blood counts, but 7 of 35 (20%) with mild cytopenias, and 5 of 53 (9%) with moderate/severe cytopenias developed MNs. We did not find an association between the number of metaphases with 20q- and the development of MN. The incidental finding of 20q- in the bone marrow generally does not portend an early stage MN. Particularly, those without cytopenias at the time of diagnosis may have a good prognosis. Am. J. Hematol. 91:556-559, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of esophageal cancer (EC) patients (Pts) in a VA: Clinical characteristics and survival predictors
Authors: S. Srinivas, M. A. Sikder, S. S. Hwang, E. Morales, L. Duque, J. Cogswell, V. T. Chang, F. Zhong, B. Kasimis, J. Choe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4250 Background: To describe the clinical characteristics (CC) and survival predictors in EC pts. Methods: We extracted the following data at the time of diagnosis in 64 male pts from 1998 to 2004: demographic, ECOG performance status (PS), social history, symptoms, pathology, comorbidity and laboratory results. Treatment modalities (TM) and survival were obtained. We performed the following analyses: oneway ANOVA, t test, chi square and Cox Proportional Hazards model. Results: (1) CC. Median (M) age was 70 years (43–90) with PS of 1 (1–4). Smoking was reported in 55 pts (93%) and ETOH in 30 pts (47%). Dysphagia was seen in 57 pts (89%) weight loss in 53 pts (83%) and odynophagia in 14 pts (22%). The M Hgb was 12.6 gm/dL (5.6–16.9), LDH 155 UL (89–437) and albumin 3.5 g/dL(1.8–4.4) with M survival of 7.9 months (1–68). (2) The histology type is equally distributed between squamous (n = 31, 48%) and adenocarcinoma (n = 33, 52%). Barrett’s esophagus was documented in 9 pts (14%); 40 pts (63%) had EC located at lower third. Sixteen pts (25%) had local disease, 26 (41%) had locally advanced and 22(34%) had metastatic disease. The three different stage groups had significant differences in the incidence of weight loss (p = 0.03), odynophagia (p = 0.04) and mean albumin level (p = 0.003). The main TM included chemo/RT (n = 16, 17%), surgery alone (n = 11, 17%), chemo/RT followed by surgery (n = 9, 14%). (3) Hypertension (n = 37, 58%) and COPD (n = 25, 39%) were the most common comorbidities. There was high incidence of second primaries (n = 31, 48%). Prostate cancer (n = 11, 17%), head and neck (n = 7, 11%) and lung cancer (n = 6, 9%) were found; pts with second primaries were significantly older (65.7 vs. 71.1, p=0.03). (4) The independent survival predictors included the clinical stage (Hazard Ratio (HR)= 2.6, p=0.001), PS (HR=2.7, p=0.001), Barrett’s esophagus (HR=3.8, p=0.03) and odynophagia (HR=3.1, p=0.03). The hgb, albumin and LDH levels were not predictive of survival. Conclusions: The CC, risk factors and symptoms are comparable with published results. The survival predictors were clinical stage, PS, presence with Barrett’s esophagus and odynophagia. We observed unusual high incidence of second primaries, which probably was age and gender related. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
P278 Is there a role for telemedicine in cystic fibrosis? A systematic review
Authors: R Curley, ZH Hoo, R Archer, MJ Wildman
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> As a result of new medical advances people with CF are now able to live longer but still require frequent specialist care input and support. To cope with an ever increasing complex condition and demand for care, CF centres are having to rethink the way they work. Telemedicine is an evolving field which has the advantage of remote monitoring and real time review and may provide a solution. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine whether telemedicine has a role in the management of CF in terms of: 1) Feasibility and acceptability, 2) Early pulmonary exacerbation detection, and 3) Self-management and improving adherence to prescribed therapies. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic search was undertaken to identify relevant studies. This involved seven electronic databases, the top four peer reviewed journals reporting on CF and telemedicine, and the three major conference proceedings in CF and telemedicine. Clinical trial registers were searched to find ongoing studies as supplementary evidence. A mixed methods synthesis was performed to combine results from quantitative and qualitative studies. <h3>Results</h3> 34 studies in total were included in the results synthesis. These consisted of mainly small pilot and feasibility studies. There were 7 RCTs largely reporting interim results rather than efficacy data. Rates of adherence to telemedicine varied between 10.16 to 59% but were generally poor with barriers including frequent measures being a burden, forgetting, and denial of results. There was a general consensus that pulmonary exacerbations can be detected early but no statistical tests of significance performed. There were also only 2 studies predominantly reporting qualitative evidence. After corroborating the results using thematic synthesis this led to 3 main themes (expectations, technical aspects, and impacts of telemedicine) linked to these were barriers and facilitators. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The findings indicate that telemedicine in CF is feasible but the uptake amongst people with CF may be challenging. This is probably not surprising since adherence to treatment is often poor. Nevertheless telemedicine has the potential to play an important role in the early detection of pulmonary exacerbations and further studies are required.
Brief Communication: Transplantation Isoantigenicity of a Rat Sarcoma and Its Spontaneous Metastases2
Authors: Julian W. Proctor, Penny Palmer, Carl-Magnus Rudenstam
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Two lung metastases, a lymph node metastasis, and the primary leg tumor from a single rat were assayed for antigen cross-reactivity by transplantation tests in the inbred strain of origin. The 4 tumor lines were implanted into the hind legs of groups of rats and excised 8 days later to induce immunity. After 21 days these groups were challenged intravenously (iv) with the complete range of tumor lines. The incidence and weights of tumors in the lung were assayed later and a significant degree of cross-protection to iv challenge was observed among all tumor lines, regardless of which line had been used to immunize the animals.
Progress Toward Measles Elimination — Nepal, 2007–2014
Authors: Sudhir Khanal, Tika Ram Sedai, Ganga Ram Choudary, Jagat Narain Giri, Rajendra Bohara, Rajendra Pant, Mukunda Gautam, Umid M. Sharapov, James L. Goodson, James Alexander, Alya Dabbagh, Peter Strebel, Robert T. Perry, Sunil Bah, Nihal Abeysinghe, Arun Thapa
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

In 2013, the 66th session of the Regional Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region (SEAR) established a goal to eliminate measles and to control rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in SEAR by 2020. Current recommended measles elimination strategies in the region include 1) achieving and maintaining ≥95% coverage with 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) in every district, delivered through the routine immunization program or through supplementary immunization activities (SIAs); 2) developing and sustaining a sensitive and timely measles case-based surveillance system that meets minimum recommended performance indicators; 3) developing and maintaining an accredited measles laboratory network; and 4) achieving timely identification, investigation, and response to measles outbreaks. In 2013, Nepal, one of the 11 SEAR member states, adopted a goal for national measles elimination by 2019. This report updates a previous report and summarizes progress toward measles elimination in Nepal during 2007-2014. During 2007-2014, estimated coverage with the first MCV dose (MCV1) increased from 81% to 88%. Approximately 3.9 and 9.7 million children were vaccinated in SIAs conducted in 2008 and 2014, respectively. Reported suspected measles incidence declined by 13% during 2007-2014, from 54 to 47 cases per 1 million population. However, in 2014, 81% of districts did not meet the measles case-based surveillance performance indicator target of ≥2 discarded non-measles cases per 100,000 population per year. To achieve and maintain measles elimination, additional measures are needed to strengthen routine immunization services to increase coverage with MCV1 and a recently introduced second dose of MCV (MCV2) to ≥95% in all districts, and to enhance sensitivity of measles case-based surveillance by adopting a more sensitive case definition, expanding case-based surveillance sites nationwide, and ensuring timely transport of specimens to the accredited national laboratory.
A phase I study of weekly topotecan and vinorelbine in recurrent lung cancer
Authors: M. A. Beldner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

17140 Background: Topotecan is a topoisomerase I (topo I) inhibitor that directs cytotoxic effects by stabilizing the topo I-DNA complex. Alone, topotecan has shown activity in extensive small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Vinorelbine is a vinca alkaloid, which interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubule function exhibiting cytotoxic effects, and has demonstrated activity in both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and SCLC. The rationale for using the agents in combination therapy is based upon their single agent activity and published preclinical data demonstrating synergy with topo I inhibitors and mitotic spindle poisons. Previous trials using topotecan weekly demonstrated less myelosuppression and equivalent anti-tumor activity. In this phase I study, we evaluated the safety profile of escalating doses of topotecan and a fixed dose of vinorelbine. Methods: Patients (pts) with recurrent NSCLC or SCLC were enrolled. Vinorelbine was delivered as 20mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8, every 21 days. Topotecan was initiated at 2mg/m 2 given on the same days. If there was no dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in each 3 person cohort, then topotecan was incrementally increased by 0.5mg/m 2 . Tolerability was assessed prior to each cycle. Responses were assessed after two cycles. Pts were taken off study for disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. Results: To date 12 pts have been enrolled (10 NSCLC, 2 extensive SCLC). Average ECOG performance status was 0–1 (11 pts 92%). Patients were heavily pretreated, this representing on average 2 nd to 4 th line therapy. Cohorts 1–3 had no DLT. In each cohort there were dose delays for grade 2 and 3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Cohort 4 enrolled 3 pts with a DLT of grade 4 neutropenia observed in 1 pt. Nonmyeloid toxicities included nausea (42%), fatigue (33%), and constipation (17%). In cohorts 1–3, no CRs or PRs were seen. SD was observed in 6 pts (67%), with a median duration of 11 weeks. Response rates for cohort 4 are not yet assessed. Conclusion: Results of this ongoing phase I trial indicate that weekly vinorelbine and topotecan x 2 every three weeks was fairly well tolerated with grade 4 neutropenia being the primary DLT. The best response achieved in assessable pts was SD. Once the MTD has been established, a phase II study examining this regimen in advanced SCLC and NSCLC will be performed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Complete Tumor Ablation With Iodine 131-Radiolabeled Disialoganglioside GD2-Specific Monoclonal Antibody Against Human Neuroblastoma Xenografted in Nude Mice23
Authors: Nai-Kong V. Cheung, Bonnie Landmeier, John Neely, A. Dennis Nelson, Carlos Abramowsky, Susan Ellery, Robert B. Adams, Floro Miraldi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Complete Tumor Ablation With Iodine 131-Radiolabeled Disialoganglioside GD2-Specific Monoclonal Antibody Against Human Neuroblastoma Xenografted in Nude Mice Get access Nai-Kong V. Cheung, Nai-Kong V. Cheung Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bonnie Landmeier, Bonnie Landmeier Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Neely, John Neely Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Dennis Nelson, A. Dennis Nelson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carlos Abramowsky, Carlos Abramowsky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Susan Ellery, Susan Ellery Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert B. Adams, Robert B. Adams Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Floro Miraldi Floro Miraldi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 77, Issue 3, September 1986, Pages 739–745, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.3.739 Published: 01 September 1986 Article history Received: 06 June 1985 Revision received: 29 April 1986 Accepted: 23 May 1986 Published: 01 September 1986
Severe Salt–Losing Syndrome and Hyperkalemia Induced by Adult Nephron–Specific Knockout of the Epithelial Sodium Channel α-Subunit
Authors: Romain Perrier, Emilie Boscardin, Sumedha Malsure, Chloé Sergi, Marc P. Maillard, Johannes Loffing, Dominique Loffing-Cueni, Mads Vaarby Sørensen, Robert Koesters, Bernard C. Rossier, Simona Frateschi, Edith Hummler
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA-1) is a severe salt–losing syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations of the amiloride–sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and characterized by neonatal life–threatening hypovolemia and hyperkalemia. The very high plasma aldosterone levels detected under hypovolemic or hyperkalemic challenge can lead to increased or decreased sodium reabsorption, respectively, through the Na + /Cl − cotransporter (NCC). However, the role of ENaC deficiency remains incompletely defined, because constitutive inactivation of individual ENaC subunits is neonatally lethal in mice. We generated adult inducible nephron–specific α ENaC-knockout mice (Scnn1a Pax8/LC1 ) that exhibit hyperkalemia and body weight loss when kept on a regular-salt diet, thus mimicking PHA-1. Compared with control mice fed a regular-salt diet, knockout mice fed a regular-salt diet exhibited downregulated expression and phosphorylation of NCC protein, despite high plasma aldosterone levels. In knockout mice fed a high-sodium and reduced-potassium diet (rescue diet), although plasma aldosterone levels remained significantly increased, NCC expression returned to control levels, and body weight, plasma and urinary electrolyte concentrations, and excretion normalized. Finally, shift to a regular diet after the rescue diet reinstated the symptoms of severe PHA-1 syndrome and significantly reduced NCC phosphorylation. In conclusion, lack of ENaC–mediated sodium transport along the nephron cannot be compensated for by other sodium channels and/or transporters, only by a high-sodium and reduced-potassium diet. We further conclude that hyperkalemia becomes the determining factor in regulating NCC activity, regardless of sodium loss, in the ENaC–mediated salt–losing PHA-1 phenotype.
Spontaneous and Induced Preleukemia Cells in C57BL/6 Mice: Brief Communication2
Authors: Nechama Haran-Ghera
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Spontaneous and Induced Preleukemia Cells in C57BL/6 Mice: Brief Communication Get access Nechama Haran-Ghera Nechama Haran-Ghera Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 3, March 1978, Pages 707–710, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.3.707 Published: 01 March 1978 Article history Received: 06 May 1977 Accepted: 17 August 1977 Published: 01 March 1978