tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Atm</i> Heterozygosity Cooperates with Loss of <i>Brca1</i> to Increase the Severity of Mammary Gland Cancer and Reduce Ductal Branching
Authors: T.J. Bowen, Hiroyuki Yakushiji, Cristina Montagna, Sonia Jain, Thomas Ried, Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The role of homozygous ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mutations in familial and sporadic forms of cancer is well established, but the contribution of ATM heterozygosity to mammary gland and other cancers has been controversial. To test the effect of Atm heterozygosity on mammary gland cancer, mice with complete loss of exon 11 of Brca1 specifically in mammary epithelium (Brca1-MG-Δex11) were studied in either Atm heterozygous or Atm wild-type backgrounds. Targeted deletion of Brca1 in mammary epithelium resulted in carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of varying histology with long (&amp;gt;9 months) latency. Latency to tumorigenesis was found to be unchanged in the Brca1-MG-Δex11;Atm heterozygous mice compared with Brca1-MG-Δex11;Atm wild-type mice. However, the mice displayed variable tumor severity and differences in mammary tissue development. Mammary tumors from Brca1-MG-Δex11;Atm heterozygous mice were anaplastic and undifferentiated in all 20 tumors tested, whereas tumors from mice that were Brca1-MG-Δex11 but wild-type for Atm displayed variable histologic profiles, with some anaplastic tumors and other differentiated and less invasive tumor types. Previously reported developmental defects for Brca1-deficient mice were also observed in our model with and without Atm heterozygosity, but Brca1-MG-Δex11;Atm heterozygous mice displayed decreased ductal branching during puberty, a phenotype that was not observed in Brca1-MG-Δex11;Atm wild-type mice. Our results provide evidence that Atm heterozygosity influences severity of mammary gland tumors in the Brca1-MG-Δex11 tumor-prone mouse and suggest that this mutation leads to a newly characterized developmental defect during glandular maturation.
Demonstration of Durable Graft Versus Lymphoma Effects in Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Paul J. Greaves, John G. Gribben
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

However,of patients with advanced disease, almost 30% will have disease pro-gression, one third of these will experience induction chemotherapyfailure,andtwothirdswillrelapseafterachievingcompleteremission.Of those patients who experience a relapse, 40% to 45% of thoserelapseswilloccurwithin12monthsofcompletinginitialtherapy,andoutcome in this group is poor with conventional salvage chemother-apy alone. The use of autologous stem-cell transplantation (SCT) hasbeen demonstrated to result in improved long-term disease-free sur-vival,
Maternal Brain Death: An Ethicist's Thoughts
Authors: Robert M. Veatch
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Case problems in medicine brought on by new technologies often raise complex conceptual, philosophical, legal, and ethical issues when, initially, only clinical issues seem to be present. Those pressing for the priority of a single disciplinary viewpoint to elucidate these complicated issues may be in for surprises. Their perspectives may be far too limited; their answers, far too simple. The intriguing pair of cases presented by Dillon and colleagues elsewhere in this issue (p 1089) provides an example. They present two cases of pregnant women with severe, and in one case apparently total and irreversible, brain damage. The possibility of substantially improving fetal survival by maintaining maternal function for a relatively short period raises issues of practical importance. The authors, however, sometimes seem confused about whether a patient with a dead brain is living or dead. Although they claim that "careful application of the definition of 'brain death' will allow
ECG repolarization parameters in LQTS family members with borderline QTC duration and cardiac events
Authors: W. Zareba, A.J. Moss, J. Robinson, M. Andrews, P.J. Schwartz, G.M. Vincent, S.G. Pnon, J. Benhonn, E.H. Locati, J.A. Towbin, M.H. Lehmann, W.J. Hall, C. Napolitano, L. Zhang, K. Timothy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
INTRA-ATRIAL REENTRY TACHYCARDIA ABLATION IN ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL DISEASE - CURATIVE OR JUST A SUCCESSFUL PROCEDURE?
Authors: Jeffrey P. Moak, Marco A. Mercader, Vicki Freedenberg, Mujeeb Basit, Jonathan R. Kaltman, Karen S. Kuehl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Autosomal dominant diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma due to a recurrent mutation in aquaporin-5
Authors: A. Abdul-Wahab, T. Takeichi, L. Liu, D. Lomas, B. Hughes, M. Akiyama, J.A. McGrath, J.E. Mellerio
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LOWER LIMB BIOMECHANICS DURING SINGLE LEG SQUAT WITH RUNNING AND CUTTING TASKS: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
Authors: F Alenezi, L Herrington, P Jones, R Jones
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The need to develop screening tests to find athletes who maybe predisposed to knee injuries is of prime importance in order to design individualised intervention programmes. Previous research has found 3D joint kinematics of the hip and knee during a single leg squat (SLS) to be related to those during jogging (Whatman et al. , 2011). Thus, further investigation as a potential screening test is warranted. Objective To investigate the relationship between peak 3D kinematic variables during SLS with those occurring during running (RUN) and 90° cutting (CUT) tasks. Design A correlational study. Setting Undertaken in the human performance laboratory at the University of Salford. Participants 15 recreational athletes, 7 males and 8 females, (age 25.2±5.1 years; height 1.6±7.38 m; and mass 67.6 ±10.93 kg) were recruited. Interventions A ten-camera motion analysis system (Qualisys) and a force platform (AMTI) were used to collect kinematic variables during SLS, RUN, &amp; CUT tasks. Visual 3D (C-Motion, USA) was used to process all data. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the association between 3D variables among the three tasks. Main outcome measurements Hip and knee joint angles. Result SLS was strongly correlated to run in knee valgus and hip internal rotation ( r =0.70 and 0.76, respectively), and showed moderate correlation with knee external rotation (0.42). SLS and CUT were moderate to strongly correlate to each other in knee valgus, knee flexion, and hip internal rotation ( r =0.54, 0.69, and 0.54, respectively), and moderately in hip flexion ( r =0.38). Discussion The findings of this study provide evidence that performance of SLS relates to performance of other tasks (running and cutting). In those individuals displaying poor motion (excessive angles) during SLS this is likely to be predictive of poor motion during running and cutting, so could negate the need for assessing individuals during these tasks.
Chronic Kidney Disease as a Situation of High Added Risk in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Julian Segura, Jose A. Garci[Combining Acute Accent]a-Donaire, Manuel Praga, Luis M. Ruilope
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Recent guidelines for the management of hypertension have recognized the relevance of renal function on cardiovascular prognosis of hypertensive patients. In fact, growing evidences have confirmed that as soon as renal function exhibits minor derangements, cardiovascular risk starts a continuous rise until the development of end-stage renal disease. Both estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events and death among hypertensive patients and in general population. Consequently, hypertensive patients presenting with chronic kidney disease are considered by guidelines as high-risk patients, and strict blood pressure control should be considered as a part of an integrative therapeutic approach, including correction of anemia, treatment of dyslipidemia, cessation of tobacco use, and antiplatelet therapy. This paper briefly reviews the most recent evidences about pharmacologic therapies in high-risk patients, focusing on benefits related to improvement of cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease.
They Asked For It!
Authors: Mervin Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The legend at the bottom of most articles reads "Reprint requests to...." The computer project with which the author is associated required feedback from the interested public. As a means of obtaining the feedback and of satisfying the question of what purposes the reprints fulfilled, a letter was sent to the correspondents. Their interest in the project was evaluated by the response to the letters. In effect, those who wrote for the reprints and answered the inquiry thought enough of the project to correspond even when they found the information in the reprints of no use. Most of those who wrote were encouraging enough to stimulate the author to write about the value of following up reprint requests.
Corticosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: meta-analysis of individual patient data
Authors: P. Mathurin, J. O'Grady, R. L. Carithers, M. Phillips, A. Louvet, C. L. Mendenhall, M.-J. Ramond, S. Naveau, W. C. Maddrey, T. R. Morgan
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A meta-analysis was performed using individual patient data from the five most recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated corticosteroids in severe alcoholic hepatitis (Maddrey discriminant function (DF) ≥32 or encephalopathy). This approach overcomes limitations associated with the use of literature data and improves the relevance of the study and estimates of effect size. <h3>Aims</h3> To compare 28-day survival between corticosteroid- and non-corticosteroid-treated patients and to analyse the response to treatment using the Lille model. <h3>Methods</h3> Individual patient data were obtained from five RCTs comparing corticosteroid treatment with placebo (n=3), enteral nutrition (n=1) or an antioxidant cocktail (n=1). <h3>Results</h3> 221 patients allocated to corticosteroid treatment and 197 allocated to non-corticosteroid treatment were analysed. The two groups were similar at baseline. 28-day survival was higher in corticosteroid-treated patients than in non-corticosteroid-treated patients (79.97±2.8% vs 65.7±3.4%, p=0.0005). In multivariate analysis, corticosteroids (p=0.005), DF (p=0.006), leucocytes (p=0.004), Lille score (p&lt;0.00001) and encephalopathy (p=0.003) were independently predictive of 28-day survival. A subgroup analysis was performed according to the percentile distribution of the Lille score. Patients were classified as complete responders (Lille score ≤0.16; ≤35th percentile), partial responders (Lille score 0.16–0.56; 35th–70th percentile) and null responders (Lille ≥0.56; ≥70th percentile). 28-day survival was strongly associated with these groupings (91.1±2.7% vs 79.4±3.8% vs 53.3±5.1%, p&lt;0.0001). Corticosteroids had a significant effect on 28-day survival in complete responders (HR 0.18, p=0.006) and in partial responders (HR 0.38, p=0.04) but not in null responders. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Analysis of individual data from five RCTs showed that corticosteroids significantly improve 28-day survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. The survival benefit is mainly observed in patients classified as responders by the Lille model.
Effects of morphine on human pancreatic secretion: studies on pure pancreatic juice.
Authors: L Gullo, P Priori, P L Costa, D Garcea, F Baldoni, G Mattioli, G Labo
Journal: Gut (1982)

Data concerning the effects of morphine on human pancreatic secretion are fragmentary and inconclusive. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of morphine on pure pancreatic secretion in nine subjects with external transduodenal drainage of the main pancreatic duct performed after biliary tract surgery. Intravenous infusion of a small dose of morphine, 40 microgram/kg/h, during pancreatic stimulation with secretin and cholecystokinin, caused a significant increase in volume, bicarbonate, and calcium secretion, and a significant decrease in protein secretion. The stimulatory effect on water and electrolyte secretion was rapid and much more pronounced, reaching about 45-50% of the control levels, whereas the inhibition of protein output was slightly delayed and of lesser magnitude, reaching about 20-25% of the control values. Both effects were long-lasting. The addition of naloxone, potent opiate antagonist, prevented in part the effects of morphine on pancreatic secretion, suggesting that specific opiate receptors might be involved in these effects.
Short burst oxygen treatment for breathlessness in chronic obstructive airways disease.
Authors: T W Evans, J C Waterhouse, A Carter, J F Nicholl, P Howard
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Most patients with chronic obstructive lung disease prescribed oxygen at home by their family doctor use it for short periods when they feel breathless. Many patients are normoxic. Nineteen patients with advanced disease and variable hypoxaemia undertook exercise until they indicated severe breathlessness on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. Air, 67% oxygen, and air delivered from a cylinder in an identical manner to the oxygen were randomly administered during the recovery periods. Respiratory rate, heart rate and oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, estimated by transcutaneous electrodes (tcPo2, tcPco2), were measured throughout the exercise and recovery periods. The mean recovery time for breathlessness as judged by visual analogue score was significantly shorter when oxygen was used than during placebo or air recovery (p less than 0.05). The rates of return to baseline levels of respiratory and heart rates were not significantly affected by the gas inhaled. No placebo effect was detectable. It was not possible to select good responders from the results of prior physiological tests. In seven patients the study was repeated after an interval of between one week and a year. The consistency of observed response to oxygen was poor. Although recovery judged by visual analogue scores showed some consistency within individual patients and greater overall consistency than heart rate or respiratory rate, the direction of change in recovery judged by visual analogue score after the breathing of oxygen was variable. The change during the breathing of oxygen was towards improvement in both studies in three patients and towards deterioration in both studies in one patient, and it showed no consistent direction of change in the remaining three patients. It is difficult to determine which patients will derive substantial and reproducible benefit from short burst oxygen but their numbers are probably small. The results cast doubt on the justification for the current widespread prescription of oxygen cylinders for occasional use.
New Pharmaceutical Approaches to Stroke Prevention, Treatment
Authors: Pat Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Technical outcomes of sentinel-lymph-node resection and conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer: results from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase III trial
Authors: David N Krag, Stewart J Anderson, Thomas B Julian, Ann M Brown, Seth P Harlow, Takamaru Ashikaga, Donald L Weaver, Barbara J Miller, Lynne M Jalovec, Thomas G Frazier, R Dirk Noyes, André Robidoux, Hugh MC Scarth, Denise M Mammolito, David R McCready, Eleftherios P Mamounas, Joseph P Costantino, Norman Wolmark
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2007)
Kinetics and regulation of human keratinocyte stem cell growth in short-term primary ex vivo culture. Cooperative growth factors from psoriatic lesional T lymphocytes stimulate proliferation among psoriatic uninvolved, but not normal, stem keratinocytes.
Authors: Z Bata-Csorgo, C Hammerberg, J J Voorhees, K D Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Flow cytometric analysis of primary ex vivo keratinocyte cultures demonstrated that stem cells, (beta 1 integrin+, keratin 1/keratin 10 [K1/K10-], proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA-] [Bata-Csorgo, Zs., C. Hammerberg, J. J. Voorhees, and K. D. Cooper. 1993. J. Exp. Med. 178:1271-1281]) establish such cultures. This methodology also enabled the quantitation of synchronized recruitment of these cells from G0 into G1 of the cell cycle (PCNA expression), which preceded bright beta 1 integrin expression. (beta 1 integrinbright expression has been shown to be a characteristic feature of keratinocyte stem cells in culture (Jones, P. H., and F. M. Watt. 1993. Cell. 73:713-724). Using the above assay, we determined whether lesional T lymphocytes in psoriasis could be directly responsible for the induction of the stem cell hyperproliferation that is characteristic of this disease. Indeed, CD4+ T lymphocytes, cloned from lesional psoriatic skin and stimulated by immobilized anti-CD3 plus fibronectin, promoted psoriatic uninvolved keratinocyte stem cell proliferation via soluble factors. This induction appeared to be through accelerated recruitment of stem cells from their quiescent state (G0) into cell cycle. By contrast, normal keratinocyte stem cells exhibited no such growth stimulation. Supernatants exhibiting growth induction all contained high levels of GM-CSF and gamma-IFN, low IL-3 and TNF-alpha, and variable IL-4. Only anti-gamma-IFN antibody was able to neutralize growth stimulatory activity of the supernatants on psoriatic uninvolved keratinocyte stem cells. However, because recombinant gamma-IFN alone inhibited growth in this assay, these data suggest that, in psoriasis, gamma-IFN acts cooperatively with other growth factors in the immune induction of cell cycle progression by the normally quiescent stem cell keratinocytes.
DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED, PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF A LOADING DOSE OF 60 MG PRASUGREL VERSUS 600 MG CLOPIDOGREL IN THE EARLY TREATMENT PHASE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE STEMI SCHEDULED FOR PRIMARY PCI: RESULTS OF THE ETAMI TRIAL
Authors: Uwe Zeymer, Hans-Christian Mochmann, Bernd Mark, Holger Thiele, Ralf Zahn, Gilles Montalescot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
An Analysis of Normal and Abnormal Left Atrial Pressure Pulse in Man
Authors: JAY L. ANKENEY, ALFRED P. FISHMAN, HARRY W. FRITTS
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Pressure pulses were obtained under direct vision, in the left atrium of subjects without clinical evidence of cardiac disease and in patients with mitral valvular disease, after exposure of their hearts during the course of surgical intervention. It was found that the c wave is produced by valvular closure and the subsequent fall of pressure during early ventricular systole (x wave) is related to atrial relaxation. Evidence is presented that mitral incompetence cannot be determined from direct atrial recordings, unless the Degrees of insufficiency is of great magnitude.
Germline Mutations in <i>SUFU</i> Cause Gorlin Syndrome–Associated Childhood Medulloblastoma and Redefine the Risk Associated With <i>PTCH1</i> Mutations
Authors: Miriam J. Smith, Christian Beetz, Simon G. Williams, Sanjeev S. Bhaskar, James O'Sullivan, Beverley Anderson, Sarah B. Daly, Jill E. Urquhart, Zaynab Bholah, Deemesh Oudit, Edmund Cheesman, Anna Kelsey, Martin G. McCabe, William G. Newman, D. Gareth R. Evans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Heterozygous germline PTCH1 mutations are causative of Gorlin syndrome (naevoid basal cell carcinoma), but detection rates > 70% have rarely been reported. We aimed to define the causative mutations in individuals with Gorlin syndrome without PTCH1 mutations.We undertook exome sequencing on lymphocyte DNA from four unrelated individuals from families with Gorlin syndrome with no PTCH1 mutations found by Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), or RNA analysis.A germline heterozygous nonsense mutation in SUFU was identified in one of four exomes. Sanger sequencing of SUFU in 23 additional PTCH1-negative Gorlin syndrome families identified a SUFU mutation in a second family. Copy-number analysis of SUFU by MLPA revealed a large heterozygous deletion in a third family. All three SUFU-positive families fulfilled diagnostic criteria for Gorlin syndrome, although none had odontogenic jaw keratocysts. Each SUFU-positive family included a single case of medulloblastoma, whereas only two (1.7%) of 115 individuals with Gorlin syndrome and a PTCH1 mutation developed medulloblastoma.We demonstrate convincing evidence that SUFU mutations can cause classical Gorlin syndrome. Our study redefines the risk of medulloblastoma in Gorlin syndrome, dependent on the underlying causative gene. Previous reports have found a 5% risk of medulloblastoma in Gorlin syndrome. We found a < 2% risk in PTCH1 mutation-positive individuals, with a risk up to 20× higher in SUFU mutation-positive individuals. Our data suggest childhood brain magnetic resonance imaging surveillance is justified in SUFU-related, but not PTCH1-related, Gorlin syndrome.