tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remarks ON BRACHIAL "NEURITIS" AND ITS TREATMENT
Authors: R. T. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1919)

Tat term primary brachial "4neuritis" may, I think, (be fairly applied to.certain cases-in which the chief Xytnptom is severe aching pain -in one arm.?aralyeis and '-well marked anaesthesia never occur; generally sooner or later -:tie patient recovers.No signs of organia d eaw an be deteeted, and no organic disease of the nervoW -system follotws.The symptoms' are -subjectiv,Tbat we -an -have no doubt as to their severity in many-cases.No parallysis or -atrophy of the -maseles of the -arm oan be detected.The wrist jerk and other,*rm reflexes .obtained.The patant,ean recognize -sensations of -toQob, ,pain, emperature, and the vibrating tsensation (tested -with;l,rge tuning-fork),on the.affected( am.The pupils, the legs, and the reflexes are all normal.Usualy -eoqly onie arm is affected.Occasionally -both, suffer, but (not ,usually at the same time.The-nerve roots-in the posterior triangle of the -nok ae rotfen tender on pressure.The pain is of -an aching alwraoter and-oftens svere; -acute attacks of -eat severiy oWieu.cqur,hultlteti;maot.ofthecompltely iatermittent haanter of inena1i.gog tinas it the patient awake at night; in exceptional cases it i49 --v re tW ,morphine is required.-It may affect the whpearip down .to the fingers, often ohieflyithe upper arm;, ",is ,usually not strictly localized to the distribution of asing1e nerve tor nerve root.It is not localized to the joints1 ,f,ten it is ,vaore sevexe when the arm hangs down by th,*;iWe, and is less when the arm is supported by a sling so arranged that .theelbow is supported and slightly raised, Movement, .especiallyelevating the arm very high, increases the pain.Paraesthesia in the arm is a symptom in some cases, and ,the patient may complain of "pins and needles ' aewsation -when the hand is placed in water.The symptoms of brachial neuritis are described in detail in the larger textbooks.Briefly stated, it is an affeotion of the arm somewhat similar to sciaticain the leg, but differs in that the pain is usually diffuse.'The
A Case of P-Wave Mimicry
Authors: Jordan C. Ray, Fred Kusumoto, Nora Goldschlager
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Serologic cross-reactivity between Class I MHC molecules and an H-2-linked differentiation antigen as detected by monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: S O Sharrow, L Flaherty, D H Sachs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Analysis of anti-Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) monoclonal antibodies by immunofluorescence and flow microfluorometry demonstrated an unexpected cross-reactivity. Two of fifteen antibodies examined (20-8-4, anti-Kb,Kd,r,s and 34-1-2, antiKd,Dd,Kb,r,s,q,p) were observed to detect an antigen determined by gene(s) mapping to the right of H-2D. Two-color immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that this antigen, unlike classical H-2K and D antigens, was expressed in high amounts on peripheral T cells, but only weakly on Ia-positive cells and on small subpopulations of thymus and bone marrow cells. Mapping, absorption, blocking, and tissue distribution studies suggested that the cross-reactive antigen is Qa-like, but distinct from previously described Qa antigens. Thus, these data demonstrate serological cross-reactivity between a Class I MHC antigen and a differentiation antigen determined by genes linked to H-2. It seems likely that the gene responsible for this new antigen is one of the numerous Class I-like sequences detected by DNA hybridization analyses, but previously undefined in terms of tissue expression. These data suggest that many of these DNA sequences may be expressed in specific tissues and that cross-reactions of anti-Class I MAbs may provide useful probes for studying the products of such homologous genes.
The specificity of T-cell helper factor in man
Authors: RS Geha, F Mudawwar, E Schneeberger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Supernates of human T cells stimulated with TT antigen contain a factor that induces mitogenesis and immunoglobulin synthesis in autologous as well as allogeneic B cells. A fraction of the IgG produced has specificity against TT. The T-cell-derived LMF-TT eluted after albumin on Sephadex G 200 and did not contain immunoglobulin heavy chain determinants. LMF-TT was active on B cells from TT immune as well as TT- nonimmune individuals but in the latter instance the IgG secreted had no specificity against TT. B cells incubated with LMF-TT in the presence of a second antigen (DT) made IgG with specifity to that antigen provided the B-cell donor was immune to that second antigen. LMF-TT-containing supernates were depleted of TT antigen by Sephadex G 200 chromatography followed by passage over anti-TT immunosorbent columns. The antigen-free supernates were able to induce mitogenesis and IgG synthesis in B cells but the IgG produced failed to exhibit specificity against TT unless the TT antigen was readded to the B-cell cultures. The optimal concentration of LMF-TT (50 percent) inducing B-cell mitogenesis was different from the optimal concentration (20 percent) causing IgG synthesis by B cells. At low LMF concentrations (less than or equal 10 percent) addition of a second antigen to which the cell donor was immune caused an increase in the degree of B-cell mitogenesis. Submitogenic concentrations of LMF-TT (less than or equal to 5 percent) were still capable of inducingimmunoglobulin synthesis in B cells At these low concentrations of LMF-TT the proportion of anti-TT IgG over total IgG increased sharply. B cells from TT immune donors were separated on TT immunosorbent columns. Cells that bound to the column were more sensitive to the mitogenic and IgG synthetic effects of LMF-TT than unfractionated B cells. Thus, LMF is a nonspecific human T-cell helper factor which behaves like a polyclonal B-cell activator. However, in the presence of specific antigen (TT) the antigen-specific B cell is preferentially triggered by LMF. The experimental design of the present study does not rule out the additional presence of an antigen-specific helper factor in the supernates of TT-stimulated human T cells.
Locus equations and pattern recognition
Authors: Terrance M. Nearey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Although the relations between second formant (F2) onset and F2 vowel are extremely regular and contain important information about place of articulation of the voiced stops, they are not sufficient for its identification. Using quadratic discriminant analysis of a new data set, it is shown that F3 onset and F3 vowel can also contribute substantial additional information to help identify the consonants.
Fibrinolysis is essential for fracture repair and prevention of heterotopic ossification
Authors: Masato Yuasa, Nicholas A. Mignemi, Jeffry S. Nyman, Craig L. Duvall, Herbert S. Schwartz, Atsushi Okawa, Toshitaka Yoshii, Gourab Bhattacharjee, Chenguang Zhao, Jesse E. Bible, William T. Obremskey, Matthew J. Flick, Jay L. Degen, Joey V. Barnett, Justin M.M. Cates, Jonathan G. Schoenecker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Bone formation during fracture repair inevitably initiates within or around extravascular deposits of a fibrin-rich matrix. In addition to a central role in hemostasis, fibrin is thought to enhance bone repair by supporting inflammatory and mesenchymal progenitor egress into the zone of injury. However, given that a failure of efficient fibrin clearance can impede normal wound repair, the precise contribution of fibrin to bone fracture repair, whether supportive or detrimental, is unknown. Here, we employed mice with genetically and pharmacologically imposed deficits in the fibrin precursor fibrinogen and fibrin-degrading plasminogen to explore the hypothesis that fibrin is vital to the initiation of fracture repair, but impaired fibrin clearance results in derangements in bone fracture repair. In contrast to our hypothesis, fibrin was entirely dispensable for long-bone fracture repair, as healing fractures in fibrinogen-deficient mice were indistinguishable from those in control animals. However, failure to clear fibrin from the fracture site in plasminogen-deficient mice severely impaired fracture vascularization, precluded bone union, and resulted in robust heterotopic ossification. Pharmacological fibrinogen depletion in plasminogen-deficient animals restored a normal pattern of fracture repair and substantially limited heterotopic ossification. Fibrin is therefore not essential for fracture repair, but inefficient fibrinolysis decreases endochondral angiogenesis and ossification, thereby inhibiting fracture repair.
Sex influences the clinical course of lupus erythematosus: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: B.C. Böckle, N.T. Sepp
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

DEAR EDITOR, Sex differences have been identified in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 1,2 but only one study has been focused on sex differences in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). 3ll patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) seen at the outpatient clinic of dermatological autoimmune diseases between January 2000 and December 2013 were included in a retrospective cohort study (Fig. 1).Ethics committee approval was not obtained because of the retrospective nature of the study.The patients had been followed up regularly.They had undergone a thorough investigation at each visit (including laboratory testing and, if necessary, medical imaging).CLE was diagnosed according to the D€ usseldorf Classification 2004. 4 SLE was established according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) classification criteria. 5everal parameters had been routinely documented at the first and/or subsequent visits and were obtained from medical records.These included demographic data, date of the diagnosis of LE, date of the last visit, specific and nonspecific LE skin lesions, 6 arthralgia, fever, fatigue, photosensitivity, cigarette smoking, immunosuppressive drugs and tumours.Involvement of internal organs was defined as lupus-specific organ manifestations in the kidneys, nervous system, lungs or heart.Laboratory data were obtained as described previously. 7,8tatistical methods were applied as described previously. 8To compare frequencies and analyse correlations between clinical and laboratory variables, we used Pearson's v 2 -test and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and Student's t-test for continuous variables.Normal distribution was tested with the Kolmogoroff-Smirnov test.Hypotheses were deemed significant when P-values were equal to or less than 0Á05 (twotailed).A Bonferroni correction was used when multiple comparisons were performed to test one hypothesis.Logistic regression analysis was run to evaluate sex differences in all patients with LE and also differences between patients with LE with and without tumours, in order to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and account for potential confounders.SPSS 18.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, U.S.A.) was used for statistical analysis.Overall, 458 patients with LE were examined; 74 (16Á2%) were men and 384 (83Á8%) were women.Almost all patients 632 patients -outpatient clinic of autoimmune disease January 2000 -December 2013 22 with dermatomyositis, 18 with primary Sjörgen syndrome, 98 with scleroderma, nine with undifferentiated connective tissue disease, one with sarcoidosis, 12 with systemic vasculitis, 11 with Sharp syndrome were excluded In all 171 patients were excluded 461 patients with lupus erythematosus Three patients excluded -neonatal lupus erythematosus 458 patients with lupus erythematosus Fig 1. Flowchart showing selection process for inclusion in the study.
Diabetes, Fasting Glucose Levels, and Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Vascular Events
Authors: Bernadette Boden-Albala, Sam Cammack, Ji Chong, Culing Wang, Clinton Wright, Tatjana Rundek, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Myunghee C. Paik, Ralph L. Sacco
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

There is insufficient randomized trial data to support evidence-based recommendations for tight control of fasting blood glucose (FBG) among diabetic subjects in primary stroke prevention. We explored the relationship between FBG among diabetic subjects and risk of ischemic stroke in a multiethnic prospective cohort.
Alarming dendritic cells for Th2 induction
Authors: Andrew S. MacDonald, Rick M. Maizels
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

There is an ever-increasing understanding of the mechanisms by which pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa activate dendritic cells (DCs) to drive T helper type 1 (Th1) responses, but we know much less about how these cells elicit Th2 responses. This gap in our knowledge puts us at a distinct disadvantage in designing therapeutics for certain immune-mediated diseases. However, progress is being made with the identification of novel endogenous tissue factors that can enhance Th2 induction by DCs.
Effect of Verapamil on the Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Nodes of the Rabbit and the Mechanism by Which it Arrests Reentrant Atrioventricular Nodal Tachycardia
Authors: ANDREW L. WIT, PAUL F. CRANEFIELD
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

The effects of verapamil, an antiarrhythmic drug that apparently blocks slow inward currents, were studied on the isolated, superfused sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes of the rabbit heart with intracellular microelectrodes. Verapamil decreased the rate of spontaneous impulse initiation by the SA node. This effect could be overcome with epinephrine. Concomitantly, verapamil decreased the amplitude of SA node action potentials without reducing maximum diastolic potential. The peak of the action potential fell well short of reversal after exposure to the drug. Verapamil had similar effects on the action potentials of the upper and middle AV nodal regions, reducing action potential amplitude so that the overshoot vanished without significantly reducing maximum diastolic potential. Action potentials of fibers in the lower region of the AV node were not affected as greatly. Verapamil slowed conduction of atrial impulses through the AV node; such slowing increased when the atrial rate increased. Verapamil also prolonged the effective refractory period of the AV node, thus slowing or blocking conduction of premature impulses. Verapamil prevented AV nodal reentry and initiation of atrial tachycardia by causing premature impulses to block rather than to conduct with the delay needed to initiate reentry. Verapamil had no effect on the rate of depolarization, action potential amplitude, or maximum diastolic potential of atrial or His bundle fibers. The results are consistent with the hypotheses that fibers in the SA and AV nodes show slow response activity, that the slow response plays a crucial role in causing certain cardiac arrhythmias, and that drugs that block the slow response are therefore antiarrhythmic.
Release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor from human umbilical vessels.
Authors: J Van de Voorde, H Vanderstichele, I Leusen
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The ability of human umbilical endothelial cells to release relaxing substance(s) in response to different agonists was investigated. Endothelium-denuded aortic rings of rats were used for the bioassay and tension recording. After precontraction, this preparation showed no response to histamine, acetylcholine, A 23187, or adenosine triphosphate while serotonin elicited further contraction. Superfusion of the precontracted preparations with the perfusate from umbilical veins and arteries stimulated with histamine (10(-7)-10(-5) M), A23187 (10(-7)-10(-6) M), or adenosine triphosphate (10(-5)-10(-4) M) elicited a relaxation. No relaxation was obtained with acetylcholine (10(-8)-10(-6) M) or serotonin (10(-8)-10(-6) M). The relaxation of bioassay aortic rings under the influence of the perfusate from histamine-stimulated umbilical vessels was inhibited by mepyramine (10(-5) M) but not by cimetidine (10(-4) M) suggesting the involvement of H1-receptors. The relaxation was also inhibited by increasing the transit time between the donor and the detector preparation, by methylene blue (5 X 10(-5) M), and by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (5 X 10(-5) M) but not by indomethacin (5 X 10(-5) M), and which have been reported for endothelium-derived relaxing factor. The involvement of umbilical endothelial cells in the relaxation response was further confirmed by studying precontracted, rubbed rat aortic rings seeded with cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical veins. Such preparations relaxed in response to histamine (10(-7)-10(-4) M) in contrast with the control preparations. No relaxations of these preparations were observed in response to acetylcholine (10(-9)-10(-6) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of purine nucleoside phosphorylase release as a measure of hepatic endothelial cell injury
Authors: Clifford A. Brass, Milan G. Mody
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

With emerging data that endothelial cell (EC) injury is the limiting factor in liver preservation and hepatic function, a simple and reliable biochemical technique for monitoring EC injury is needed. Measurement of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) release into the circulation from perfused liver has been proposed as such a method. However, our experiments with perfused rat liver did not display a clear or direct relationship between PNP release and endothelial cell injury. Therefore, we re-examined the suitability of using PNP as a measure of nonparenchymal injury by measuring its distribution in purified populations of hepatocytes, ECs, and Kupffer cells (KCs) and correlating cell injury and enzyme release in short-term cultures at 37 degrees C of each cell type. Purified cells were incubated (4 x 10(6) cells/mL) in oxygen or nitrogen saturated. Wisconsin solution or Krebs buffer for 6 hours, with cell viability and PNP release assayed every 2 hours. ECs had the lowest specific activity (27 +/- 9 U/mg protein; mean +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]) compared with both hepatocytes (115 +/- 15) and KCs (66 +/- 18). Despite a decrement in EC and KC viability over time in each incubation solution, there was poor correlation between time of incubation and PNP release (r = .01 to .22), and between cell viability and PNP release (r = .01 to .16). In contrast, PNP release from incubated hepatocytes correlated with the length of incubation (r = .57 to .78) as well as cell injury (r = .63 to .77) in all four test solutions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Randomized Comparison of Combination Chemotherapy With Etoposide, Bleomycin, and Either High-Dose or Standard-Dose Cisplatin in Children and Adolescents With High-Risk Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: A Pediatric Intergroup Study—Pediatric Oncology Group 9049 and Children's Cancer Group 8882
Authors: Barbara Cushing, Roger Giller, John W. Cullen, Neyssa M. Marina, Stephen J. Lauer, Thomas A. Olson, Paul C. Rogers, Paul Colombani, Frederick Rescorla, Deborah F. Billmire, Charles D. Vinocur, Edith P. Hawkins, Mary Margaret Davis, Elizabeth J. Perlman, Wendy B. London, Robert P. Castleberry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To determine in a randomized comparison whether combination chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin (HDPEB) improves the event-free (EFS) and overall (OS) survival of children and adolescents with high-risk malignant germ cell tumors (MGCT) as compared with standard-dose cisplatin (PEB) and to compare the regimens' toxicity.Between March 1990 and February 1996, 299 eligible patients with stage III and IV gonadal and extragonadal (all stages) MGCT were enrolled onto this Pediatric Oncology Group and Children's Cancer Group study. Chemotherapy included bleomycin 15 units/m(2) on day 1, etoposide 100 mg/m(2) on days 1 through 5, and either high-dose cisplatin 40 mg/m(2) on days 1 through 5 (HDPEB; n = 149) or standard-dose cisplatin 20 mg/m(2) on days 1 through 5 (PEB; n = 150). Patients were evaluated after four cycles of therapy, and those with residual disease underwent surgery. Those with malignant disease in resected specimen received two additional cycles of their assigned regimen.One hundred thirty-four eligible patients with advanced testicular (n = 60) or ovarian (n = 74) tumors and 165 with stage I to IV extragonadal tumors were enrolled. HDPEB treatment resulted in significantly improved 6-year EFS rate +/- SE (89.6% +/- 3.6% v 80.5% +/- 4.8% for PEB; P =.0284). There was no significant difference in OS (HDPEB 91.7% +/- 3.3% v PEB 86.0% +/- 4.1%). Tumor-related deaths were more common after PEB (14 deaths v two deaths). Toxic deaths were more common with HDPEB (six deaths v one death). Other treatment-related toxicities were more common with HDPEB.Combination chemotherapy with HDPEB significantly improves EFS for children with high-risk MGCT. The OS is similar in both regimens, and the significant toxicity associated with HDPEB limits its use.
Visceral fat area is an independent predictive biomarker of outcome after first-line bevacizumab-based treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: B. Guiu, J. M. Petit, F. Bonnetain, S. Ladoire, S. Guiu, J.-P. Cercueil, D. Krause, P. Hillon, C. Borg, B. Chauffert, F. Ghiringhelli
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Background</h3> Adipose tissue releases angiogenic factors that may promote tumour growth. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and visceral fat area (VFA) are associated with outcomes in patients given first-line bevacizumab-based treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC). <h3>Patients</h3> CT was used to measure SFA and VFA in 120 patients with MCC who received bevacizumab-based treatment (bevacizumab group, n=80) or chemotherapy alone (chemotherapy group, n=40) as first-line treatment. Associations linking BMI, SFA and VFA to tumour response, time-to-progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> In the bevacizumab group, median follow-up lasted for 24 months (3–70). BMI, SFA and VFA values above the median (ie, high BMI, high VFA and high SFA) were significantly associated with absence of a response. TTP was shorter in patients with high BMI (9 vs 12 months; p=0.01) or high VFA (9 vs 14 months; p=0.0008). High VFA was associated with shorter OS (p=0.0493). By multivariate analysis, high VFA was independently associated with response, TTP and OS (HR=7.18, p=0.008, HR=5.79, p<i>=</i>0.005 and HR=2.88, p<i>=</i>0.027, respectively). In the chemotherapy group, median follow-up lasted for 30 months (4–84). BMI, SFA and VFA were not associated with response, TTP or OS. In the whole population, interaction between VFA and bevacizumab administration was significant for response (OR=3.31, p=0.005) and TTP (HR=1.64, p=0.022), thereby confirming the results. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study provides the first evidence that high VFA independently predicts a poorer outcome in patients given first-line bevacizumab-based treatment for MCC. However, this predictive biomarker needs to be validated in a different dataset.