tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S104 Monocyte influx accompanies the early neutrophilic inflammation seen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following lipopolysaccharide inhalation
Authors: L. C. Barr, M. Brittan, A. C. Morris, S. Johnston, F. Rossi, R. Duffin, N. Hirani, K. Dhaliwal, A. G. Rossi, D. F. McAuley, A. J. Simpson
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Acute lung injury (ALI) has a mortality rate of over 30%, with no proven pharmacological treatment. Inhalation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in healthy volunteers induces transient inflammation resembling that found in patients with ALI. Inhaled LPS causes neutrophilia that is detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood, but its effect on BALF and blood monocyte populations is not well established. <h3>Methods</h3> 12 healthy volunteers were recruited and randomly allocated to receive either 60 μg of inhaled LPS or saline (n=6 each arm). Clinical parameters, including temperature, and any reported symptoms were recorded. Full blood counts were taken at baseline and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post-inhalation. BAL was performed at 8 h. BALF cell populations were analysed morphologically using cytospins and cytometrically by flow cytometry after staining for cell surface markers (alveolar macrophages: CD163, CD206, CCR5; neutrophils/monocytes: HLA-DR, CD14, CD16). <h3>Results</h3> 4 LPS volunteers developed pyrexia, two reported cough and one myalgia. The mean maximal increment in temperature was significantly greater in the LPS arm (p=0.047). Compared to saline inhalation, LPS caused a peripheral blood neutrophilia (p=0.006) that was evident from 4 h and greatest at 8 h. There was no significant difference in peripheral blood monocyte counts between treatment arms at any point measured (p=0.87). Although mean total alveolar macrophage numbers were similar between the two groups, their relative proportion in the LPS volunteers was significantly reduced due to the expansion in neutrophil and monocyte populations. Flow cytometry revealed a 24-fold expansion of the neutrophil population following LPS (in parallel with morphological data). These neutrophils were distinguishable by HLA-DR-/CD14-/CD16+ staining. There was a concomitant similar rise in the population of HLA-DR+/CD14+/CD16- ‘classical’ monocytes. Further analysis of these monocytes revealed that macrophage cell surface marker expression was absent. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Morphological analysis of BAL fluid in previous LPS inhalation studies has consistently suggested that there is no change in the monocyte population. Using flow cytometry enables a more detailed analysis. This study is the first to clearly demonstrate that an early expansion in the monocyte population accompanies the neutrophil influx seen in BALF 8 h following inhalation of LPS.
Public Availability of Results of Trials Assessing Cancer Drugs in the United States
Authors: Thi-Anh-Hoa Nguyen, Agnes Dechartres, Soraya Belgherbi, Philippe Ravaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose To evaluate to what extent results of completed trials of cancer drugs conducted in the United States are publicly available at ClinicalTrials.gov, as required by the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA), or are published in journals. Methods We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for cancer trials governed by the FDAAA: phase II to IV trials assessing drugs in the United States with a primary completion date between December 26, 2007, and May 31, 2010. For each trial, we also searched PubMed to identify the publication of results. We assessed the cumulative percentages of posted or published results over time by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results We identified 646 trials, including 209 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). At 12 months after completion of the trials, the cumulative percentages of trials with results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov, published in journals, and available either at ClinicalTrials.gov or in journals were 9% (95% CI, 7% to 11%), 12% (95% CI, 10% to 15%), and 20% (95% CI, 17% to 23%), respectively, and for RCTs, the percentages were 12% (95% CI, 8% to 16%), 5% (95% CI, 2% to 8%), and 17% (95% CI, 12% to 22%), respectively. At 36 months, these percentages were 31% (95% CI, 28% to 35%), 35% (95% CI, 31% to 39%), and 55% (95% CI, 51% to 59%), respectively, and for RCTs, they were 38% (95% CI, 31% to 45%), 32% (95% CI, 25% to 39%), and 56% (95% CI, 48% to 62%), respectively. Public availability of phase III trials was 15% (95% CI, 7% to 23%) at 12 months, 39% (95% CI, 27% to 49%) at 24 months, and 64% (95% CI, 50% to 73%) at 36 months. Conclusion Despite the FDAAA, results for nearly half the trials of cancer drugs in the United States were not publicly available 3 years after completion of the trials.
Human colonic intraepithelial and lamina proprial lymphocytes: cytotoxicity in vitro and the potential effects of the isolation method on their functional properties.
Authors: M Chiba, W Bartnik, S G ReMine, W R Thayer, R G Shorter
Journal: Gut (1981)

Colonic mucosal lymphoid cells, selectively enriched for intraepithelial (IEL) or lamina proprial lymphocytes (LPL), were isolated by sequential EDTA-collagenase treatment of resected human colons. Cytotoxic activities of colonic and peripheral blood lymphoid cells (PBL) were tested in three different assays, using chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) and Chang cells as targets. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and PHA-induced cytotoxicity (MICC) for both targets were shown by all the isolates of PBL, as was spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) for Chang cells. However, no SCMC or ADCC for Chang cells was found with LPL, and IEL showed minimal or no activity in either assay. PBL, LPL and IEL demonstrated MICC for Chang cells but, contrasting with PBL and LPL, IEL showed no MCC for CRBC. No significant differences were found between the cytotoxic capabilities of colonic lymphoid cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and those from patients with other colonic diseases. Importantly, control studies with PBL showed that SCMC for Chang cells and ADCC for CRBC and Chang cells were reduced by collagenase treatment used in the isolation, of LPL. Also, SCMC for Chang cells was reduced by the treatment of PBL with EDTA. In contrast, neither EDTA nor collagenase reduced MICC for CRBC or Chang cells. Both forms of treatment induced variable degrees of cell losses in the PBL. By analogy, it can be implied that the isolation of intestinal mononuclear cells using EDTA and collagenase may influence some of their cytotoxic activities in vitro. This raises an important caveat in the interpretation of such studies.
Screening relatives of patients with familial chronic open angle glaucoma
Authors: Randall L Nguyen, Sharath C Raja, Elias I Traboulsi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2000)

Purpose To describe the value and the results of screening of family members of individuals with familial chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG) for the disease. Design Cross-sectional study of families with COAG. Participants Eighty-six individuals from 15 families with COAG. Testing Complete ophthalmologic examinations, automated perimetry, and optic nerve photography. Main outcome measures Disease status as glaucoma patient (at least two of three parameters abnormal: intraocular pressure, visual field, or disc appearance), glaucoma suspect (one of three parameters abnormal), or normal. Results Twenty-six relatives were diagnosed with COAG. The diagnosis was most frequently made on the basis of intraocular pressure readings and automated perimetry. Twenty-three relatives were classified as glaucoma suspects; automated perimetry was the most useful modality for the detection of abnormalities in these individuals. Siblings of COAG patients had the highest risk of COAG developing (64.7%) compared with children (13.2%) or other blood relatives (22.2%). Conclusions When COAG is present in more than one family member, immediate and other relatives should be evaluated for glaucoma by means of clinical examination and automated perimetry.
Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and -cell function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with or without low-to-medium dose glucocorticoids
Authors: J. N. Hoes, M. C. van der Goes, D. H. van Raalte, N. J. van der Zijl, D. den Uyl, W. F. Lems, F. P. G. J. Lafeber, J. W. G. Jacobs, P. M. J. Welsing, M. Diamant, J. W. J. Bijlsma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To compare glucose tolerance and parameters of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function between chronic glucocorticoid (GC)-using and GC-naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> Frequently sampled 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 58 chronic GC-using and 82 GC-naive patients with RA with established disease, with no known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 50 control subjects of comparable age with normal glucose tolerance. The associations between cumulative GC dose and disease characteristics and glucose tolerance state, insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were tested using multivariate linear and logistic regression models, correcting for patient characteristics. <h3>Results</h3> Glucose tolerance state, insulin sensitivity and β-cell function did not differ between the two RA populations; de novo T2DM was detected in 11% and impaired glucose metabolism in 35% of patients with RA. In patients with RA, cumulative GC dose was associated with T2DM, which seemed mostly driven by the effects of cumulative GC dose on insulin resistance; however, the association decreased when corrected for current disease activity. Patients with RA had decreased insulin sensitivity and impaired β-cell function compared with controls, and multivariate regression analyses showed a negative association between the presence of RA and insulin sensitivity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> GC-using and GC-naive patients with RA had comparable metabolic parameters, and had decreased insulin sensitivity and β-cell function as compared with healthy controls. Although cumulative GC dose was shown to have a negative impact on glucose tolerance state and insulin sensitivity, confounding by indication remains the main challenge in this cross-sectional analysis.
Early diagnosis of bronchial stent related malignant respiratory fistulas
Authors: L. Kotsis, Z. Pápay
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

To the Editor: 

The stent related bronchoesophageal fistula recently published by Tulleken et al. 1 is a relative rare sequelae of this new management. This stent has been used to control postoperative stenosis of reconstructed left main bronchus rupture after blunt …
CD22, A B LYMPHOCYTE–SPECIFIC ADHESION MOLECULE THAT REGULATES ANTIGEN RECEPTOR SIGNALING<sup>*</sup>
Authors: Thomas F. Tedder, Joseph Tuscano, Shinichi Sato, John H. Kehrl
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1997)

▪ Abstract The development of B lymphocytes is a highly regulated process that depends in part on lineage-specific cell surface molecules. In addition, transmembrane signals generated through the B cell antigen receptor and other surface molecules regulate B cell responses to foreign antigens. Recent studies reveal CD22 to be a functionally significant receptor during these processes. CD22 is first expressed in the cytoplasm of pro-B and pre-B cells, and on the surface as B cells mature to become IgD + . CD22 is a member of the Ig superfamily that serves as an adhesion receptor for sialic acid-bearing ligands expressed on erythrocytes and all leukocyte classes. In addition to its potential role as a mediator of intercellular interactions, signal transduction through CD22 can activate B cells and modulate antigen receptor signaling in vitro. CD22 signaling is mediated via interactions with a number of kinases and phosphatases that bind the cytoplasmic domain through phosphorylated tyrosine residues located within consensus TAM and TIM motifs. The phenotype of CD22-deficient mice suggests that CD22 is primarily involved in the generation of mature B cells within the bone marrow, blood, and marginal zones of lymphoid tissues. Most notable in CD22-deficient mice is a significant diminution of surface Ig levels in these B cell subpopulations, which suggests that CD22 functions in vivo to adjust the signaling threshold of cell surface antigen receptors. A further understanding of CD22 function is required and may reveal roles for CD22 in disease susceptibility or the development of autoimmunity.
Effect of visual screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Tamil Nadu, India: a cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan, Pulikkottil Okkuru Esmy, Rajamanickam Rajkumar, Richard Muwonge, Rajaraman Swaminathan, Sivanandam Shanthakumari, Jean-Marie Fayette, Jacob Cherian
Journal: The Lancet (2007)
Peak oxygen uptake and mortality in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: P Pianosi
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Single measurements of peak oxygen uptake (VO2) have been shown to predict mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) although no longitudinal study of serial measurements has been reported in children. A study was undertaken to determine whether the initial, final, or the rate of fall of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or peak VO2 was a better predictor of mortality.Twenty eight children aged 8-17 years with CF performed annual pulmonary function and maximal exercise tests over a 5 year period to determine FEV1 and peak VO2, magnitude of their change over time, and survival over the subsequent 7-8 years. Analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard model.Peak VO2 fell during the observation period in 70% of the patients, with a mean annual decline of 2.1 ml/min/kg. Initial peak VO2 was not predictive of mortality but rate of decline and final peak VO2 of the series were significant predictors. Patients with peak VO2 less than 32 ml/min/kg exhibited a dramatic increase in mortality, in contrast to those whose peak VO2 exceeded 45 ml/min/kg, none of whom died. The first, last, and rate of decline in FEV1 over time were all significant predictors of mortality.Higher peak VO2 is a marker for longer survival in CF patients.
ANALYSIS OF THE RESPIRATORY RESPONSE TO CARBON DIOXIDE INHALATION IN VARYING CLINICAL STATES OF HYPERCAPNIA, ANOXIA, AND ACID-BASE DERANGEMENT
Authors: James K. Alexander, John R. West, John A. Wood, Dickinson W. Richards
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

Individuals with cor pulmonale secondary to chronic pulmonary emphysema tend to have pulmonary ventilation which is less than normal both at rest and during exercise, despite the presence of factors ordinarily making for increased ventilation such as anoxemia and acidosis (1), and despite the fact that these ventilatory levels may be appreciably less than the observed maximum breathing capacity. Moreover, the ventilatory response to increased CO2 in the inspired air may be less than normal in certain patients with pulmonary emphysema (2-5). These observations
Sex Steroid Blockade Enhances Thymopoiesis By Modulating Notch Signaling
Authors: Enrico Velardi, Jennifer J Tsai, Amanda M. Holland, Natalie V Singer, Mallory L West, Odette M Smith, Lauren F. Young, Fabiana M Kreines, Emily R Levy, Richard Boyd, Marcel R. M. van den Brink, Jarrod A Dudakov
Journal: Blood (2013)
Regression of Sight-Threatening Macular Edema in Type 2 Diabetes Following Treatment With the Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Monoclonal Antibody Infliximab
Authors: Petros P. Sfikakis, Nikos Markomichelakis, George P. Theodossiadis, Vlassis Grigoropoulos, Nikos Katsilambros, Panayiotis G. Theodossiadis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema (DME) are leading causes of blindness in an increasing number of patients with diabetes (1). Reduction of visual aquity in DME results from accumulation of fluid produced from a rupture of the blood-retinal barrier into the inner nuclear layer of the retina (1,2). Although the etiology of DME is unclear, an altered local expression of the pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may play an important pathogenetic role (2–5). Standard treatment of clinically significant DME consisting of laser photocoagulation reduces the risk of vision loss in 60% of cases, but recurrences are common, even among those patients who achieve an initial response (1). Various pharmacological therapies are currently under study, including intavitreal triamcinolone injections (6) or high doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents that lower retinal expression of TNF (7).

The monoclonal anti-TNF antibody Infliximab neutralizes TNF actions and has been used for inflammatory arthritic conditions and Crohn’s disease since 1998 with a favorable safety profile (8). Because of the limitations of current treatments for DME, and based on our recent findings indicating that Infliximab is an effective therapy for cystoid macular edema associated with uveitis (9–11), we decided to give Infliximab for sight-threatening refractory DME.

Four women, aged 52–76 years, with type 2 …
<i>In Vitro</i>Response to HBsAg of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Recipients of Hepatitis B Vaccine
Authors: Tse Wen Chang, Esteban Celis, Richard W. Miller, Vincent R. Zurawski, Patrick C. Kung
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Lymphocytes isolated from recipients of hepatitis B vaccine were studied for their immune response to HBsAg in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMs) from 70 to 80% of 40 vaccinees yielded proliferative indices larger than 2 after 5 to 7 days incubation with HBsAg. This in vitro proliferative response could be augmented by incubating the cells with HBsAg and supernatants of activated T cells for 2 weeks or longer. After 7 to 10 days, in vitro stimulation with antigen, PBMs (1 X 10(6] could yield 5 to 15 HBsAg-specific antibody-secreting plaque-forming cells. The antibody to HBsAg produced in vitro was greatly increased in cultures that contained antigen-specific B cells enriched by panning with HBsAg-coated plates and a T cell growth factor-dependent, HBsAg-specific autologous T cell line. The results indicate that HBsAg-specific B and T cells are present, although at low frequencies, in the circulation of hepatitis B vaccinees.
Sexual Orientation and Self-Harm in Men and Women
Authors: Keren Skegg, Shyamala Nada-Raja, Nigel Dickson, Charlotte Paul, Sheila Williams
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Recent studies of homosexual people have found higher rates of nonfatal suicidal behavior than among heterosexuals. The purpose of this study was to determine associations between self-harm and sexual orientation for men and women separately, defining sexual orientation by sexual attraction rather than by behavior.In a birth cohort of 1,019 New Zealand young adults eligible to be interviewed at age 26 years, 946 participated in assessments of both sexual attraction and self-harm.Both women and men who had experienced same-sex attraction had higher risks of self-harm. The odds ratios for suicidal ideation in the past year were 3.1 for men and 2.9 for women. Odds ratios for ever having deliberately self-harmed were 5.5 for men and 1.9 for women. Men with same-sex attraction were also significantly more likely to report having attempted suicide. In both sexes, a greater degree of same-sex attraction predicted increasing likelihood of self-harm, with over one-third of men and women with persistent major same-sex attraction reporting this. Men with even a minor degree of same-sex attraction had high rates of self-harm and resulting physical injury. One-quarter of deliberate self-harm among men and one-sixth among women was potentially attributable to same-sex attraction.This study provides evidence of a link between increasing degrees of same-sex attraction and self-harm in both men and women, with the possibility of some difference between the sexes that needs to be explored further.
Global genomic analysis reveals rapid control of a robust innate response in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys
Authors: Steven E. Bosinger, Qingsheng Li, Shari N. Gordon, Nichole R. Klatt, Lijie Duan, Luoling Xu, Nicholas Francella, Abubaker Sidahmed, Anthony J. Smith, Elizabeth M. Cramer, Ming Zeng, David Masopust, John V. Carlis, Longsi Ran, Thomas H. Vanderford, Mirko Paiardini, R. Benjamin Isett, Don A. Baldwin, James G. Else, Silvija I. Staprans, Guido Silvestri, Ashley T. Haase, David J. Kelvin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Natural SIV infection of sooty mangabeys (SMs) is nonprogressive despite chronic virus replication. Strikingly, it is characterized by low levels of immune activation, while pathogenic SIV infection of rhesus macaques (RMs) is associated with chronic immune activation. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this intriguing phenotype, we used high-density oligonucleotide microarrays to longitudinally assess host gene expression in SIV-infected SMs and RMs. We found that acute SIV infection of SMs was consistently associated with a robust innate immune response, including widespread upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in blood and lymph nodes. While SMs exhibited a rapid resolution of ISG expression and immune activation, both responses were observed chronically in RMs. Systems biology analysis indicated that expression of the lymphocyte inhibitory receptor LAG3, a marker of T cell exhaustion, correlated with immune activation in SIV-infected RMs but not SMs. Our findings suggest that active immune regulatory mechanisms, rather than intrinsically attenuated innate immune responses, underlie the low levels of immune activation characteristic of SMs chronically infected with SIV.
Total Joint Arthroplasty and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction: A General Population, Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Na Lu, Devyani Misra, Tuhina Neogi, Hyon K. Choi, Yuqing Zhang
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

To replicate recent findings indicating that total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgery will substantially reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events among patients with osteoarthritis.
<i>H-2</i>-LINKED GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS TO OVALBUMIN AND OVOMUCOID
Authors: Nelson M. Vaz, Julia M. Phillips-Quagliata, Bernard B. Levine, Eda M. Vaz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Immune responsiveness of inbred mice to low doses of ovalbumin or ovomucoid is under control of single dominant genes closely linked to alleles of the H-2 locus. High responsiveness to ovomucoid is linked with the H-2a and H-2k alleles, and to ovalbumin with the H-2b, H-2d, and H-2q alleles.