tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of health literacy (HL) in a consecutive sample of patients (pts) with cancer (ca) of the head and neck (H+N) region.
Authors: K. Koay, P. Schofield, K. Gough, R. Buchbinder, D. Rischin, J. Corry, M. Jefford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

9069 Background: HL refers to the capacity to seek, understand, and utilize health information to make informed health decisions. Pts with low HL experience worse outcomes. Understanding HL issues may result in strategies to enhance pt outcomes. This study assessed (1) level of HL in pts treated for H+N ca, and (2) associations between HL and demographic factors (age, sex, education level, socioeconomic status) and level of distress. Methods: Consecutive English-speaking pts were approached within 1 month of diagnosis. HL was assessed using the shortened Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA), which assesses literacy and numeracy using health-related materials (scores 0-53 = inadequate, 54-66 marginal and 67-100 adequate HL), distress with the Distress Thermometer (DT, 0-10). Data collection was by 1:1 interview. Relationships between S-TOFHLA scores, demographic factors and DT scores were explored using Spearman's rho for continuous variables and Mann-Whitney U (of Kruskal-Wallis H) for nominal variables. Results: Response rate was 73.2% (82 approached, 64 consented, 60 completed). Mean age 62.4 (SD 13.9, range 27-92), 86.7% were male. 5% of pts had inadequate HL, 6.7% marginal and 88.3% adequate HL. Pts with inadequate HL were all males, without university education and from lower socioeconomic status. Individual items of S-TOFHLA showed 73.3% of all pts could not interpret prescription labels and 35% were unable to understand a standard appointment card. Pts with university education had a higher median HL score compared to those without (U=232, p=0.008; median=92, IQR: 85–93 and median=84, IQR: 75–91 respectively). The relationship between age and HL was weak but not significant (rho=−0.25, p=0.056). The corresponding relationship with distress was negligible (rho=−0.002, p > 0.1). 45% pts had high levels of distress (DT ≥4). Conclusions: Prevalence of less than adequate HL was 11.7% in this sample of Australian H+N ca pts. However many pts with adequate HL according to S-TOFHLA were unable to understand important basic health information. There were no clear associations between HL and distress or demographic factors, aside from university education. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Validation of the differential prognostic impact of type 1/type 1-like versus type 2/type 2-like CALR mutations in myelofibrosis
Authors: P Guglielmelli, G Rotunno, T Fanelli, A Pacilli, G Brogi, L Calabresi, A Pancrazzi, A M Vannucchi
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

The discovery of mutations in calreticulin (CALR) in patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF)1, 2 prompted a reappraisal of the clinical correlates and prognostic impact of the so-called driver mutations that include JAK2V617F, MPLW515L/K/A and CALR in ~60%, 5–10% and 20–25% of patients, respectively. As compared with their JAK2V617F counterpart, PMF patients harboring CALR mutations showed younger age, higher platelet and lower hemoglobin and leukocyte counts. The cumulative incidence of anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia was significantly lower in CALR-mutated patients who were also less likely to be red cell transfusion-dependent;3, 4 in addition, they had significantly longer large splenomegaly-free survival compared with the other genotypes as well as patients lacking the three driver mutations (triple-negative (TN) patients).3, 4 Interestingly, spliceosome mutations were significantly less represented in CALR-mutated patients; however, no additional molecular or cytogenetic correlate was highlighted.3 These data suggested a milder disease in patients harboring the CALR mutation, and conceivably the presence of CALR mutation was associated with better overall survival (OS) when compared with JAK2V617F- and MPLW515-mutated patients, and particularly TN patients.3, 4 In multivariable analysis, CALR mutations had a favorable impact on survival that was independent of International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), Dinamic IPSS (DIPSS)4 or DIPSS-plus risk stratification,3 and also of ASXL1 mutation, known for its dismal impact on survival in PMF.5 At this regard, we found that DIPSS-plus-independent OS was significantly longer in CALR-mutated/ASXL1-unmutated compared with CALR-unmutated/ASXL1-mutated patients.6
RNF2 E3 or Not to E3: Dual Roles of RNF2 Overexpression in Melanoma
Authors: Joshua C. Black, Johnathan R. Whetstine
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Abstract Summary: RNF2/RING1B is amplified and overexpressed in numerous tumors and contributes to tumorigenicity; however, the biologic importance is poorly understood. Surprisingly, the role of RNF2 in tumorigenesis and invasion can be separated into catalytically independent and catalytically dependent processes. Cancer Discov; 5(12); 1241–3. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Rai et al., p. 1314.
Antithymocyte Globulin and Role Of Stem Cell Source On Outcome In Myeloablative Conditioning Of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With Identical Sibling and Matched Unrelated Donors - A Retrospective Study Of French Society Of Bone Marrow Graft Transplantation and Cellular Therapy -
Authors: Aurélie Ravinet, Aurélie Cabrespine, Regis Peffault de la Tour, Mauricette Michallet, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Noel-Jean Milpied, Eric Deconinck, Anne Huynh, Stéphanie Nguyen, Patrice Chevallier, Francois Guilhot, Stéphane Leprêtre, Marc Bernard, Nathalie Fegueux, Mohamad Mohty, Gerard Socie, Jacques-Olivier Bay
Journal: Blood (2013)
Gender Dysphoria in Adults
Authors: Kenneth J. Zucker, Anne A. Lawrence, Baudewijntje P.C. Kreukels
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2016)

Gender dysphoria (GD), a term that denotes persistent discomfort with one's biologic sex or assigned gender, replaced the diagnosis of gender identity disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 2013. Subtypes of GD in adults, defined by sexual orientation and age of onset, have been described; these display different developmental trajectories and prognoses. Prevalence studies conclude that fewer than 1 in 10,000 adult natal males and 1 in 30,000 adult natal females experience GD, but such estimates vary widely. GD in adults is associated with an elevated prevalence of comorbid psychopathology, especially mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and suicidality. Causal mechanisms in GD are incompletely understood, but genetic, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial factors probably all contribute. Treatment of GD in adults, although largely standardized, is likely to evolve in response to the increasing diversity of persons seeking treatment, demands for greater client autonomy, and improved understanding of the benefits and limitations of current treatment modalities.
Higher Estradiol and Lower Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate Levels Are Associated with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Men
Authors: Corey E. Ventetuolo, Grayson L. Baird, R. Graham Barr, David A. Bluemke, Jason S. Fritz, Nicholas S. Hill, James R. Klinger, Joao A. C. Lima, Pamela Ouyang, Harold I. Palevsky, Amy J. Palmisciano, Ipsita Krishnan, Diane Pinder, Ioana R. Preston, Kari E. Roberts, Steven M. Kawut
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Recent studies have focused on the role of female sex and estradiol (E2) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but it is not known whether sex hormones are risk factors for PAH in men.Objectives: We performed a case-control study to determine whether hormone levels (E2, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate [DHEA-S], and testosterone) are associated with PAH in men.Methods: Plasma sex hormone levels in men with idiopathic, heritable, or connective tissue disease–associated PAH were compared with those from age- and body mass index–matched men without clinical cardiovascular disease.Measurements and Main Results: There were 23 cases with PAH (70% had idiopathic PAH, 65% were functional class III/IV) and 67 control subjects. Higher E2 and E2/testosterone levels were associated with the risk of PAH (odds ratio per 1 ln[E2:testosterone], 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–16.4; P = 0.001), whereas higher levels of DHEA-S were associated with a reduced risk (odds ratio per 1 ln[DHEA-S], 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.0–0.3; P = 0.001). E2 and DHEA-S levels were strong predictors of case status (C statistic for both, 0.82) but testosterone was not (C statistic, 0.53). Higher levels of E2 were associated with shorter 6-minute-walk distances (P = 0.03), whereas higher levels of DHEA-S were associated with lower right atrial pressure (P = 0.02) and pulmonary vascular resistance (P = 0.01) in men with PAH.Conclusions: Higher levels of E2 and lower levels of DHEA-S were associated with PAH in men. Sex-based differences in sex hormone processing and signaling may contribute to unique phenotypes in pulmonary vascular disease.
Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: J. Rubie, A. F. Mohun
Journal: BMJ (1949)

At a unit at Highgate Hospital, established under the auspices of the Medical Research Council, 67 cases of tuberculous meningitis were admitted during the period July, 1947, to August, 1948.We have analysed the clinical and pathological findings in these cases and in a further 9 patients who recovered without streptomycin.For the purpose of assessing the results of streptomycin treatment the analysis is confined to 54 cases (Table I) admitted during the period July, 1947, to May, 1948, giving a minimum observation period of 231 days (8 months).*Of these cases 23 were included in the Medical Research Council Report (1948).Diagnosis History of Contact.-Ahistory of contact was established in 23 of 67 cases (34%).Patients under 3 years of age differed from older patients as shown in Table II.TABLE II Total No. No. giving History of Contact Patients under 3 years of age .. 21 12 (57%) Patients over 3 ,,.,.. 46 11 (24%) 67 23 (34%) x2 5-7.P<0-02.Three of the nine patients who recovered without streptomycin treatment gave a history of contact with tuberculosis. Clinical FindingsTable III summarizes the main clinical findings and illustrates the interval between the first appearance of signs and symptoms and the day of diagnosis-the latter being the day on which the decision was made to start streptomycin treatment.In this series of 67 cases the basic pattern of the disease was remarkably constant.Tuberculous meningitis has a prodromal period, characterized by irritability, listlessness, and fatigue, and failure to gain (or actual loss of) weight.It is not possible to know how long this stage lasts in any given case; it may be a few days or as long as three months.The child may appear to recover temporarily, or may pass directly into the next stage, characterized by headache, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, and fever (in that order of frequency of occurrence).Table III shows that diagnosis was most commonly made eight to fifteen days after the beginning of this second stage.Drowsiness, squint, photophobia, and neck rigidity came later, preceding diagnosis by one to five days.Twenty-one of our patients were under 3 years of age.In this age group some of the signs and symptoms described above are not easily discernible or are impossible to elicit because such patients are often unable to convey complaints.
Abilities of Oropharyngeal pH Tests and Salivary Pepsin Analysis to Discriminate Between Asymptomatic Volunteers and Subjects With Symptoms of Laryngeal Irritation
Authors: Rena Yadlapati, Christopher Adkins, Diana-Marie Jaiyeola, Alcina K. Lidder, Andrew J. Gawron, Bruce K. Tan, Nadine Shabeeb, Caroline P.E. Price, Neelima Agrawal, Michael Ellenbogen, Stephanie S. Smith, Michiel Bove, John E. Pandolfino
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Beraprost sodium regulates cell cycle in vascular smooth muscle cells through cAMP signaling by preventing down-regulation of p27Kip1
Authors: M Ii
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Beraprost sodium (BPS), a prostacyclin (PGI2) analogue, has been reported to exhibit beneficial effects on atherosclerosis in both human and animal models. To clarify the underlying mechanism, we investigated the effects of BPS on neointimal formation after balloon injury in the canine coronary artery. Furthermore, we determined its anti-atherosclerotic effects in cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Methods: Adult beagle dogs (10–12 kg) were fed on a high-cholesterol diet (10 g/day) and underwent balloon-denudation of the coronary artery. The dogs were divided into two groups: a BPS-treated group (20 μg/kg per day) and a control group. Twenty-eight days after injury, the dogs were killed and the coronary arteries were examined morphometrically. Three days after injury, the proliferative activity in the medial layer of the coronary artery was evaluated by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor, expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. We also examined the effects of BPS on SMC proliferation based on BrdU incorporation and cell cycle analysis. In addition, p27Kip1 regulation was evaluated in primary-cultured SMCs. Results: BPS administration decreased the intima/media ratio (I/M) by 88% in the control group. Three days after injury, BPS attenuated the proliferation rate of the cells in the media of the coronary artery by 35%, and maintained p27Kip1 expression, which declined in the control cells. In the cultured proliferating SMC, BPS prevented the down-regulation of p27Kip1. The 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-br-cAMP), a cAMP analogue, had similar actions as BPS in the regulation of p27Kip1. The proliferation of cultured SMC was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase was induced by BPS. Conclusions: Our data suggest that BPS inhibits neointimal formation after balloon denudation in the coronary artery through its inhibitory effect on SMC proliferation by preventing p27Kip1 down-regulation.
SIM2 overexpression in prostate cancer
Authors: Ole J. Halvorsen, Kari Rostad, Anne M. Oyan, Trond H. Bo, Laila Stordrange, Sue Olsen, Svein A. Haukaas, Leroy Hood, Inge Jonassen, Karl-Henning Kalland, Lars A. Akslen
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

3161 

The SIM2 gene is present on chromosome 21 and encodes a transcription factor involved in development. A short (SIM2-s) and long (SIM2-l) isoform of the SIM2 transcript have been identified. Previous studies using computer searches of the NIH CGAP (The Cancer Genome Anatomy Project) database predicted that high SIM2 expression was associated with solid tumors. This prediction was verified using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry with anti-SIM2, as SIM2-s, but not SIM2-l, was found to be associated with prostate cancer, while normal prostate tissues did not express SIM2 (DeYoung et al. 2002 and 2003). In a recent study, we identified SIM2 among highly upregulated genes in 29 malignant prostate tumors (T), compared with 33 benign (B) prostate samples, using a 40k human cDNA microarray (Halvorsen et al. in press ). SIM2 was identified as the second most consistently upregulated gene in T versus B samples, only surpassed by AMACR. The upregulation of SIM2 was confirmed in a subset of samples using oligonucleotide microarrays. SIM2-s and SIM2-l specific and SIM2 total TaqMan Assays-by-design were employed for real time quantitative PCR on an expanded material of 47 prostate T and 38 B total RNAs, including 31 T/B pairs. SIM2-s, -l and -total were significantly elevated in malignant vs. benign prostate tissues by 3.3, 6.3 and 3.8 fold (median), respectively. We were thus able to confirm the upregulation of SIM2-s in prostate cancer. In contrast to the previous study, however, SIM2-s upregulation was paralleled by SIM2-l upregulation in tumors. Low level expression of both SIM2 isoforms was also detected in benign prostate tissue. In order to examine a larger patient series, a tissue microarray consisting of paraffin embedded prostate cancers from 104 patients, treated by radical prostatectomy, were subjected to immunohistochemistry using an anti-SIM2-s specific polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz). A moderate/strong staining was noted in 44 of 103 cases as opposed to a weak to negative staining in the remaining cases. Moderate/strong expression of SIM2-s was associated with adverse prognostic variables like high histological grade, extra-prostatic extension and elevated serum-PSA. The 13 year survival was 98.1 % vs. 72.8 % in patients with weak/negative vs. moderate/strong SIM2-s expression, respectively ( P = 0.008, log rank test). In conclusion, the SIM2 gene was upregulated in prostate cancer as validated by oligonucleotide microarrays and qPCR, and SIM2-s protein expression was found to be associated with adverse prognostic variables and reduced patient survival. These findings may prove relevant as SIM2 has been proposed as a possible drug therapy target.
Correlations and Neuronal Population Information
Authors: Adam Kohn, Ruben Coen-Cagli, Ingmar Kanitscheider, Alexandre Pouget
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2016)

Brain function involves the activity of neuronal populations. Much recent effort has been devoted to measuring the activity of neuronal populations in different parts of the brain under various experimental conditions. Population activity patterns contain rich structure, yet many studies have focused on measuring pairwise relationships between members of a larger population-termed noise correlations. Here we review recent progress in understanding how these correlations affect population information, how information should be quantified, and what mechanisms may give rise to correlations. As population coding theory has improved, it has made clear that some forms of correlation are more important for information than others. We argue that this is a critical lesson for those interested in neuronal population responses more generally: Descriptions of population responses should be motivated by and linked to well-specified function. Within this context, we offer suggestions of where current theoretical frameworks fall short.
Minilaparotomy under Acupuncture Analgesia
Authors: P L R Dias, S Subramanium
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

Minilaparotomy was performed using acupuncture analgesia on 78 female patients seeking voluntary sterilization to determine whether this could be used as a substitute for standard analgesic sedation. In 48 women (62%) no intravenous drug medication was required, and sterilization was successfully performed using only the local anaesthetic and acupuncture electrostimulation. These patients could be discharged within one hour of operation. For a developing country with a shortage of trained anaesthetists, acupuncture analgesia could prove to be a simple, safe and economical method, especially in a rural setting.
An increase in the severity of wheezing and rhinitis but not eczema in 5- to 8- year old Maltese children over a decade (ISAAC - Malta)
Authors: Eleanor Gerada, Hugo Agius Muscat, Stephen Montefort
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) is the largest standardised worldwide epidemiological research programme ever undertaken on allergies in children. The severity of a condition is a good measure of disease burden.  The aim of our study was to investigate the current prevalence and severity of childhood allergic conditions in Malta, and analyze time trends by comparing the results with data obtained from phase 3 of the ISAAC study in 2001, in which Malta participated. The same validated standardized ISAAC questionnaire and protocol was used. Data was obtained from 3071 5- to 8-year-olds in 60 randomly sampled primary state schools over 2013 and 2014.52.4% were boys while 47.6% were girls. Data from our study shows that the prevalence of these 3 allergic conditions namely asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema, has significantly increased. The trends in severity of symptoms are shown in Table 1.  These results indicate a rise in severity of symptoms of wheezing and rhinitis but not eczema in Maltese children over the last decade. The substantial disease-related morbidity this produces needs to be ameliorated through better management of these conditions and further research in this area.
Mortality and Cumulative Exposure to Antipsychotics, Antidepressants, and Benzodiazepines in Patients With Schizophrenia: An Observational Follow-Up Study
Authors: Jari Tiihonen, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, Minna Torniainen, Kristina Alexanderson, Antti Tanskanen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Although mortality related to psychotropic medications has received much attention in recent years, little is known about the relationship between risk of death and cumulative antipsychotic load, and even less about the relationship between mortality and cumulative exposure to antidepressants or benzodiazepines. The authors examined these relationships using nationwide databases.The authors used prospectively collected nationwide databases to identify all individuals 16-65 years of age with a schizophrenia diagnosis (N=21,492) in Sweden. All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates were calculated as a function of cumulative low, moderate, and high exposure to antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines from 2006 through 2010.Compared with no exposure, both moderate (adjusted hazard ratio=0.59, 95% CI=0.49-0.70) and high (adjusted hazard ratio=0.75, 95% CI=0.63-0.89) antipsychotic exposures were associated with substantially lower overall mortality. Moderate antidepressant exposure was associated with a lower mortality (adjusted hazard ratio=0.85, 95% CI=0.73-0.98), and high exposure, even lower (adjusted hazard ratio=0.71, 95% CI=0.59-0.86). Exposure to benzodiazepines showed a dose-response relationship with mortality (hazard ratios up to 1.74 [95% CI=1.50-2.03]).Moderate and high-dose antipsychotic and antidepressant use were associated with 15%-40% lower overall mortality, whereas chronic high-dose use of benzodiazepines was associated with up to a 70% higher risk of death compared with no exposure. Since patients with anxiety and depressive symptoms may have a higher intrinsic risk of death, the finding for benzodiazepines may be attributable to some extent to residual confounding.
History of Anesthesia: With Emphasis on the Nurse Specialist
Journal: JAMA (1953)

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