tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking cigarettes may increase risk of schizophrenia, study shows:
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Smoking may increase the risk of developing schizophrenia, an analysis by a team from King’s College, London has found.1

An association between cigarettes and psychotic symptoms has been reported before, but it has been generally assumed that this arises because people with the symptoms take up smoking as a way to relieve distress, counteract the symptoms, or manage the side effects of drugs used to treat them.

The King’s College team, from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, put this link to the test by examining the timing of smoking and the onset of symptoms.

“If smoking is a form of self medication, one would expect newly diagnosed patients to have normal smoking rates which would then rise in response to the symptoms,” James MacCabe, …
Modification of BTLA signaling motifs in TIL exhibits positive signals that mediate anti-tumor control
Authors: Krit Ritthipichai, Cara Haymaker, Yared Hailemichael, Minying Zhang, Roza Nurieva, Patrick Hwu, Chantale Bernatchez
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Our recent data have shown that a subset of CD8+BTLA+ was the strongest predictive biomarker of response to adoptive T cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. BTLA, B-and-T lymphocyte attenuator, is known as an inhibitory molecule in different immune cells. Its
Prospective phenotypic screening for DPD deficiency in patients upon fluoropyrimidines administration: Impact on the reduction of drug-induced toxicities
Authors: C. Mercier, J. Ciccolini, C. Dupuis, V. Secq, L. Padovani, T. Pignon, L. Dahan, F. Duffaud, J. Seitz, B. Lacarelle, R. Favre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

2541 Background: DPD deficiency is a pharmacogenetic syndrome associated with severe toxicities upon 5-FU/capecitabine intake. To detect patients at risk upon fluoropyrimidines administration we developed a simple, rapid and inexpensive phenotypic method for DPD status evaluation. Here, clinical relevance of DPD deficiency a priori determination was studied. Methods: This method was used prospectively in 50 head and neck cancers patients (60±7 years, 37M/13F). Screening for DPD deficiency was performed prior to the beginning of the platinum + 5-FU (± radiation therapy) administration. DPD status was evaluated by HPLC monitoring U/UH2 ratio levels in plasma as a surrogate marker. Only 5-FU doses were adjusted according to the level of detected impairment (mild deficiency: -20%, severe: - 50%, total: no 5-FU). Drug-induced toxicities and subsequent impact on treatment schedule were carefully monitored next for comparison with a retrospective subset of 50 patients (mean age: 58±9 years, 40M/10F), treated with standard dosage of the same chemotherapy or radio- chemotherapy schedule. Results: DPD determination permitted the detection of 11 patients with DPD impairment out of 50 (22%). These 11 patients had their 5-FU doses customized and, consequently, neither severe toxicity nor delays in the administration radiation therapy or chemotherapy were reported in this group. Conversely, 7 out of 50 (14%) patients administered with standard dosage of 5-FU displayed severe toxicities (&gt;grade-3, WHO grading), with subsequent postponement of the following courses. One patient (2%) did not recover from his toxicities. Of these 8 patients, retrospective determination of DPD status suggested impaired function in 7 of them (87%), including the toxic- death one. Conclusions: Although non randomized, this study suggests that prospective use of DPD status has an immediate clinical benefit by, reducing the drug-induced toxicities incidence in patients treated with 5-FU, and allowing an optimal administration of several courses in a row. Our preliminary results advocate systematic DPD status screening in patients eligible for treatment with fluoropyrimidine drugs. Survival and response study still on going. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Applying Strategies From Pediatrics to the Treatment of Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Michael R. O'Brien
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Letters15 December 2015Applying Strategies From Pediatrics to the Treatment of Hospitalized AdultsMichael R. O'Brien, MDMichael R. O'Brien, MDFrom Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L15-5179 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. St. John accurately points to past and present work within geriatrics that develops a comprehensive ecosystem of evidence-based strategies to reduce the stress and harms of hospitalization, and we appreciate this. We used the example of pediatrics because strategies developed in the literature that enhance the experience of hospitalized patients, both children and adults, have more commonly been implemented at children's hospitals than adult-focused ones.Our goal is to encourage creatively increasing the uptake of strategies that reduce the harm and stress of hospitalization across all hospitalized adults, not just older ones. Evidence is lacking on the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M14-2219. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBalloon Animals, Guitars, and Fewer Blood Draws: Applying Strategies From Pediatrics to the Treatment of Hospitalized Adults Michael R. O'Brien , Marjorie S. Rosenthal , Kumar Dharmarajan , and Harlan M. Krumholz Applying Strategies From Pediatrics to the Treatment of Hospitalized Adults Philip D. St. John Metrics 15 December 2015Volume 163, Issue 12Page: 959KeywordsChildrenDisclosureGeriatricsHospitalizationsPediatrics ePublished: 15 December 2015 Issue Published: 15 December 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Evaluating the efficacy of breastfeeding guidelines on long-term outcomes for allergic disease
Authors: V. Bion, G. A. Lockett, N. Soto-Ramírez, H. Zhang, C. Venter, W. Karmaus, J. W. Holloway, S. H. Arshad
Journal: Allergy (2015)

WHO guidelines advocate breastfeeding for 6 months, and EAACI guideline recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months. However, evidence for breastfeeding to prevent asthma and allergic disease is conflicting. We examined whether following recommended breastfeeding guidelines alters the long-term risks of asthma, eczema, rhinitis or atopy.The effect of nonexclusive (0, >0-6, >6 months) and exclusive breastfeeding (0, >0-4, >4 months) on repeated measures of asthma (10, 18 years), eczema, rhinitis, and atopy (1-or-2, 4, 10, 18 years) risks was estimated in the IoW cohort (n = 1456) using log-linear models with generalized estimating equations. The Food Allergy and Intolerance Research (FAIR) cohort (n = 988), also from the IoW, was examined to replicate results.Breastfeeding (any or exclusive) had no effect on asthma and allergic disease in the IoW cohort. In the FAIR cohort, any breastfeeding for >0-6 months protected against asthma at 10 years (RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.32-0.79, P = 0.003), but not other outcomes, whilst exclusive breastfeeding for >4 months protected against repeated rhinitis (RR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.18-0.71, P = 0.003). Longer breastfeeding was protective against late-onset wheeze in the IoW cohort.The protective effects of nonexclusive and exclusive breastfeeding against long-term allergic outcomes were inconsistent between these colocated cohorts, agreeing with previous observations of heterogeneous effects. Although breastfeeding should be recommended for other health benefits, following breastfeeding guidelines did not appear to afford a consistent protection against long-term asthma, eczema, rhinitis or atopy. Further research is needed into the long-term effects of breastfeeding on allergic disease.
Randomized, phase III study of mitomycin/vindesine/cisplatin (MVP) versus weekly irinotecan/carboplatin (IC) or weekly paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: T. Kimura, H. Uejima, M. Satouchi, K. Nakagawa, T. Hida, M. Kawahara, T. Sugiura, T. Kashii, K. Tamura, M. Fukuoka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7530 Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of unresectable stage III NSCLC. Our group demonstrated a superiority of MVP with concurrent TRT over that with sequential TRT (Furuse, JCO, 1999), while weekly chemotherapy with concurrent TRT has acceptable toxicities and expected efficacy. We conducted a randomized phase III trial to compare the efficacy and toxicity of weekly chemotherapy with concurrent TRT against MVP by a non-inferiority design. Methods: Patients were assigned to 3 regimens; MVP: cisplatin (80 mg/m 2 on days 1, 29), vindesine (3 mg/m 2 on days 1, 8, 29, 36) and mitomycin (8 mg/m 2 on days 1, 29) with concurrent TRT (60 Gy). After then, pts received 2 courses of consolidation chemotherapy with MVP; IC: weekly irinotecan (20 mg/m 2 ) / carboplatin(AUC 2) for 6 weeks and TRT (60 Gy) followed by 2 courses of irinotecan(50 mg/m 2 ) / carboplatin(AUC 5); PC: weekly paclitaxel (40 mg/m 2 )/carboplatin (AUC 2) and TRT (60 Gy) followed by 2 courses of paclitaxel (200 mg/m 2 ) / carboplatin (AUC 5). Primary endpoint was overall survival. Results: From Sep 2001 to Sep 2005, 456 pts were randomized; 429 pts had evaluated responses. Pretreatment characteristics were well-balanced between 3 arms (median age 63 years (30–74), PS0/1 41/55%, Ad/Sq/others 43/45/12%). The achievement rates of full treatment in MVP, IC and PC were 39.9, 29.7, and 49.3 %; those of full-dose TRT/2 courses of consolidation chemotherapy were 81.1/41.3%, 41.4/29.7% and 59.7/50.0%, respectively. Major toxicities were as follows; G4 neutropenia in MVP, IC, PC were 76.9, 13.1, 4.2% (p&lt;0.001), and G3–4 non-hematological toxicities (decrease in PS, and febrile neutropenia) were 13.3, 6.2, 4.2% (p=0.01), and 29.4, 6.9, 4.9% (p&lt;0.001), respectively. The overall response rates were 65.7% (95% CI 57.9–73.5), 58.6 % (95% CI 50.5–66.1) and 62.9% (95% CI 55.0–70.8), in MVP, IC and PC, respectively. Complete analysis will be fixed in Oct 2008. Conclusions: Weekly PC with TRT appears good compliance with high achievement rate and MVP appears poor compliance with severe hematological and non-hematological toxicities. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Plan and road map for health reform in Iran
Authors: Mohammadkarim Bahadori, Ramin Ravangard, Khalil Alimohammadzadeh, Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A plan to reform the health system in Iran was launched in May 2014.1 2 Any such plan needs a comprehensive programme and road map to assess the external and internal environment and identify the important key strategies.3

One major challenge in Iran is to prioritise preventive medicine. Problems include limited …
Paclitaxel, carboplatin, and capecitabine (TCX) with and without radiation in locally advanced and metastatic distal esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer: A single-center retrospective review.
Authors: Peter Joel Hosein, Neha Ray, Lowell Brian Anthony, Ching-Wei David Tzeng, Mahesh R. Kudrimoti, Ronald McGarry, Jeremiah Thomas Martin, Katie E Long, Colleen Overly, Philip A. DeSimone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

197 Background: Toxicities of the active triple-drug DCF regimen (docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-FU) in gastric cancer limit its broad use and general acceptance as first-line therapy. To improve the toxicity profile of triple-drug therapy, distal esophageal and esophagogastric junction (DE-EGJ) poorly differentiated and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma patients were treated with TCX. This single-center retrospective review is reported for patients treated between 2005 and 2013. Methods: Patients with DE-EGJ adenocarcinoma were treated with capecitabine (850 mg/m 2 5 out of 7 or 14 out of 21 days), carboplatin (AUC 5) and paclitaxel (175 mg/m 2 ) every 3 weeks. Those with locally advanced disease received concomitant radiation therapy (50.4 Gy using 3D approach) during the first 2 cycles. Dose reductions (25-50%), delay of therapy and hospitalizations for disease and treatment-related Grades 3/4 toxicities were recorded. Growth factors were prescribed reactively. Kaplan-Meier statistics were used for survival analyses. The institutional tumor registry data provided the historical median survival. Results: Thirty-one males and 3 females (median age 56, range 37-82) with locally advanced (N=17) and metastatic (N=17) disease were included. Median overall survivals are shown below. Two patients were admitted for neutropenic fever and 7 total hospitalizations occurred. Conclusions: A triple-drug combination first-line regimen (TCX) with and without radiation in DE-EGJ cancer is active, and associated with a manageable toxicity profile. The median survival of 15.8 months in patients with metastatic disease treated with TCX compares favorably with the DCF regimen (9.2 mos), the EOX regimen (11.2 mos) as well as institutional historical controls. Our data suggests that future prospective trials evaluating triple-drug regimens in combination with targeted therapy may be feasible in patients with esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. [Table: see text]
HIV Transmission in a Dialysis Center— Colombia, 1991-1993
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Computed tomography-guided retroperitoneal biopsies.
Authors: M Knelson, J Haaga, H Lazarus, C Ghosh, F Abdul-Karim, K Sorenson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

A retrospective review was performed on consecutive patients who had a computed tomographic (CT) biopsy of the retroperitoneum at University Hospitals of Cleveland. Biopsies were performed using a 20-gauge Chiba needle (University Medical Instruments Corp, Ballston Spa, NY) and a 14-gauge Tru-Cut needle (Baxter Pharmaseal, Valencia, CA). The results included success rate, failure, and complications, and were determined by a review of patient charts, surgical results, and autopsy results. The 20-gauge needle aspirations were accurate in suggesting the diagnosis in 20 of 22 cases of metastatic disease and ten of 15 cases of lymphoma. Using the 20-gauge needle, it was not possible to make a specific diagnosis in any of the lymphoma patients or for unusual benign disorders. With the 14-gauge Tru-Cut needle, the correct diagnosis was made in 13 of 13 cases of metastatic disease, ten of 11 cases of lymphoma, and two of 2 cases of unusual benign disorders. It was also possible to make the specific diagnosis of the lymphoma type in ten of 11 cases. The only complication was a small subcutaneous hematoma following a biopsy with a 20-gauge Chiba needle.
Nox2 up-regulation is associated with an enhanced risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with pneumonia
Authors: Francesco Violi, Roberto Carnevale, Camilla Calvieri, Cristina Nocella, Marco Falcone, Alessio Farcomeni, Gloria Taliani, Roberto Cangemi
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may be complicated by atrial fibrillation (AF) but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Nox2-derived oxidative stress has been suggested to favour AF. <h3>Methods</h3> We consecutively enrolled 432 patients hospitalised for CAP. Nox2 activity, as assessed by serum levels of soluble Nox2 (sNox2-dp), was evaluated in each CAP patient. A 12-lead electrocardiography was repeated every 24 h. All patients were followed up until discharge. <h3>Results</h3> Forty-one patients with CAP (9.5%) experienced a new episode of AF within 24–72 h after hospital admission. Patients who experienced AF showed higher blood levels of sNox2-dp compared to those who did not (35.2±15.1 vs 27.0±12.5 pg/mL; p&lt;0.001). Pneumonia Severity Index score (p=0.014), history of paroxysmal AF (p&lt;0.001) and sNox2-dp (p=0.019) were independently associated with AF. At discharge, serum sNox2-dp levels were significantly decreased in the entire cohort (27.8±13.0 vs 21.9±6.8 pg/mL; p&lt;0.001). Twenty-three out of 41 CAP patients with AF returned to sinus rhythm (56%); patients who remained in AF showed significantly higher baseline and discharge levels of sNox2-dp compared to those without AF (p&lt;0.001) or with the 23 AF patients who returned to sinus rhythm (p&lt;0.05). In vitro study showed that platelets or leucocytes incubated with endotoxin, at concentrations similar to those found in the circulation of CAP patients, elicited Nox2 up-regulation, suggesting endotoxin as a trigger of oxidative stress. <h3>Conclusions</h3> AF may be detected in the early phase of CAP and is associated with Nox2 activation, suggesting a role for oxidative stress in promoting this cardiac arrhythmia. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT01773863.
Nebivolol and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Frederic Perros, Sana Bentebbal, Benoit Ranchoux, Peter Dorfmüller, Florence Lecerf, Elie Fadel, Gerald Simonneau, Marc Humbert, Harm Jan Bogaard, Saadia Eddahibi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background 

Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a key mechanism in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathogenesis by promoting smooth muscle proliferation, vasoconstriction and inflammation.

Aim 

To demonstrate that nebivolol may improve PAH.

Methods 

We studied the effects of nebivolol (β1 antagonist and β2-3 agonist) compared to metoprolol (first generation β1-selective β-blocker) on cultured PAH and control pulmonary artery (PA) EC (PAEC), proliferation, proinflammatory and vasoactive factors production and on crosstalk with PA smooth cells (PASMC). We compared the effects of nebivolol and metoprolol in precontracted PA rings and in pulmonary hypertension (PH) model (monocrotaline [MCT]-exposed rat).

Results 

PAH PAEC overexpressed the proinflammatory mediators IL-6 and MCP-1, the growth factor FGF2, and the potent vasoconstrictive agent endothelin-1 as compared to control PAEC. Nebivolol treatment corrected this pathological phenotype in a dose-dependent way whereas metoprolol did not. We also confirmed that PAH PAEC proliferate more than control cells, and stimulate more PASMC mitosis. This growth abnormality was regulated by nebivolol but not by metoprolol. Contrary to metoprolol, Nebivolol also induced an endothelium- and nitric oxide-dependant relaxation of PA. Finally, nebivolol was more efficient than metoprolol in improving survival, cardiac function, pulmonary vascular remodeling and inflammation of rats with MCT-induced PH.

Conclusions 

Our work demonstrates for the first time that nebivolol improves endothelial dysfunction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right heart function and could be a safe option for the management of PAH. Until clinical studies are undertaken, however, routine use of beta-blockers in PAH cannot be recommended.
Characteristics of Colon Cancer Patients Reported in Population-Based Tumor Registries and Comprehensive Cancer Centers
Authors: S C Steinhorn, K J Kopecky, M H Myers, C Ball
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The characteristics of colon cancer tumors diagnosed in patients seen at hospitals participating in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and at Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC's) belonging to the Centralized Cancer Patient Data System (CCPDS) are compared. There were identified among cases diagnosed between July 1, 1977 and December 31, 1978, the first 18 months of registration for the CCPDS centers. A higher proportion of CCPDS colon tumors were diagnosed in black patients, 15.4% versus 6.8% for SEER, reflecting the urban location of many CCC's. The CCPDS has proportionally fewer patients aged 75 years or older, and a median age of 67.5 years versus 70 years for the SEER cases. Although surgery alone was the major form of therapy for both CCPDS and SEER patients with colon tumors, higher percentages of CCPDS patients than SEER patients were treated by chemotherapy alone or by modalities other than surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, particularly those with later stages of the disease. Few disagreements existed between the 2 groups in distribution by segment of the colon, stage, and histologic type. Few differences were found that would render invalid future comparative analyses of patient survival between the two data systems once adequate follow-up information is available. Such an evaluation may be a valuable instrument in measuring whether improvements in cancer patient management being developed at CCC's are, in fact, "filtering down" to the general series of colon cancer patients.
Prospective echocardiographic study of right and left cardiac function during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Assessment at 1 month and 6 months of treatment with CPAP
Authors: Bouchra Lamia, Stephanie Gelinotte, Florence Portier, Catherine Tardif, Antoine Cuvelier, Jean-Francois Muir
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction   OSA is associated with a cardiac dysfunction.The aim of our study was 1 - to analyze usual transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) indices of left and right ventricle (LV , RV) and more recent indices as regional contractility and torsion of LV by speckle tracking strain 2 - Describe the effects of CPAP treatment at 1 month and 6 months on cardiac function.   Design   Thirty-six patients were prospectively included. TTE with speckle tracking strain analysis of contractility and LV torsion was performed at baseline, one month and 6 months of CPAP treatment.   Results   Respiratory disturbance index was 46±16/h. One month of CPAP therapy had no effect on LV ejection fraction (61±8 vs 63±6%, p=0,13) or regional contractility (134±85 vs 135±96 msec). Only RV regional contractility was improved (174±89 vs 127±81, p=0,01) and LV diastolic function was affected (7,1±1,7 vs 8,0±2,2 p=0,01). Six months of CPAP therapy induced significant improvement of RV regional contractility (174±89 vs119±56 p=0.01), ticuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (22±7 vs 21±5 p=0,01) and LV torsion (11±5 vs 14±4 degres, p   Conclusion:   OSA is associated with abnormalities of global contractility of RV and LV and LV twist measured by speckle tracking strain. Right ventricular afterload is also affected. One to 6 months of CPAP therapy may improve these abnormalities.