tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of lipid and lipid-associated cardiovascular risk marker changes after treatment with tocilizumab or adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cem Gabay, Iain B McInnes, Arthur Kavanaugh, Katie Tuckwell, Micki Klearman, Jennifer Pulley, Naveed Sattar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Compare changes in lipids and lipid-associated cardiovascular (CV) risk markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with tocilizumab or adalimumab.Post-hoc analysis was performed in patients with RA who received tocilizumab intravenously every 4 weeks or adalimumab subcutaneously every 2 weeks for 24 weeks in the ADACTA trial. Lipid and lipid-associated CV risk biomarkers, including high-density lipoprotein-associated serum amyloid-A (HDL-SAA), secretory phospholipase A2 IIA (sPLA2 IIA) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), were measured at baseline and at week 8.The study included 162 patients treated with tocilizumab and 162 patients treated with adalimumab; HDL-SAA and sPLA2 IIA were measured in a subpopulation of 87 and 97 patients, respectively. Greater increases in mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (0.46 mmol/L (95% CI 0.30 to 0.62)), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (0.07 mmol/L (0.001 to 0.14)), total cholesterol (TC) (0.67 mmol/L (0.47 to 0.86)), triglycerides (0.24 mmol/L (0.10 to 0.38)) and TC:HDL ratio (0.27 (0.12 to 0.42)) occurred with tocilizumab from baseline to 8 weeks. HDL-SAA, sPLA2 IIA and Lp(a) decreased more with tocilizumab than adalimumab. Median changes from baseline to week 8 were -3.2 and -1.1 mg/L (p=0.0077) for HDL-SAA and -4.1 and -1.3 ng/mL (p<0.0001) for sPLA2 IIA; difference in adjusted means was -7.12 mg/dL (p<0.0001) for Lp(a). Similar results were observed in efficacy responders and non-responders per American College of Rheumatology and European League against Rheumatism criteria.LDL-C and HDL-C increased more with tocilizumab than adalimumab. HDL-SAA, sPLA2 IIA and Lp(a) decreased more with tocilizumab. Lipid change effects of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibition, manifest by their net impact on lipids and lipoproteins, are not synonymous; the clinical significance is unclear and requires further study.NCT01119859.; post-results.
Paris climate change talks: what doctors need to know
Authors: John Vidal
Journal: BMJ (2015)

John Vidal sets out the problems in reaching international agreement on climate change

This year’s UN climate summit is the culmination of 20 years of intense talks to reach a new agreement to tackle global warming. It will be judged a success if the 196 countries going to Paris next week deliver a new, legally binding treaty committing all countries to reduce, or to cap, their greenhouse gas emissions. If it also manages to get them to increase their ambition enough to hold global temperatures to a maximum increase of 2°C by 2030 it will be seen as a historic deal likely to set the world on a clean energy path. Expectations are high because the climate situation seems to be worsening. This year has been marked by the highest average global temperatures, the …
Homologous Recombination Deficiency: Exploiting the Fundamental Vulnerability of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos, Raphael Ceccaldi, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Alan D. D'Andrea
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Approximately 50% of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) exhibit defective DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR) due to genetic and epigenetic alterations of HR pathway genes. Defective HR is an important therapeutic target in EOC as exemplified by the efficacy of platinum analogues in this disease, as well as the advent of PARP inhibitors, which exhibit synthetic lethality when applied to HR-deficient cells. Here, we describe the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of HR-deficient EOCs, discuss current and emerging approaches for targeting these tumors, and present challenges associated with these approaches, focusing on development and overcoming resistance.Defective DNA repair via HR is a pivotal vulnerability of EOC, particularly of the high-grade serous histologic subtype. Targeting defective HR offers the unique opportunity of exploiting molecular differences between tumor and normal cells, thereby inducing cancer-specific synthetic lethality; the promise and challenges of these approaches in ovarian cancer are discussed in this review.
Potent antitumor effect of neurotensin receptor-targeted oncolytic adenovirus co-expressing decorin and Wnt antagonist in an orthotopic pancreatic tumor model
Authors: Youjin Na, Joung-Woo Choi, Dayananda Kasala, JinWoo Hong, Eonju Oh, Yan Li, Soo-Jung Jung, Sung Wan Kim, Chae-Ok Yun
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
P1043 : Exercise reduces liver fat, visceral fat and circulating triglycerides, but not circulating inflammatory markers in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: D. Houghton, C. Thoma, K. Hallsworth, K.G. Hollingsworth, C.P. Day, Q.M. Anstee, M.I. Trenell
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Precise Diagnosis of Intraoperative Frozen Section Is an Effective Method to Guide Resection Strategy for Peripheral Small-Sized Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shilei Liu, Rui Wang, Yang Zhang, Yuan Li, Chao Cheng, Yunjian Pan, Jiaqing Xiang, Yawei Zhang, Haiquan Chen, Yihua Sun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

This study investigated the accuracy of intraoperative frozen section (FS) diagnosis for predicting the final pathology (FP) of peripheral small-sized lung adenocarcinoma and evaluated its usefulness in sublobar resection.The records of 803 patients with clinical stage I peripheral lung adenocarcinoma who underwent sublobar resection for FS diagnosis to guide surgical strategy were reviewed. The surgical extension was mainly based on FS. The FS were stratified into atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma. The diagnostic accuracy of FS, the reasons for the discrepancy between FS and FP, and the clinical influence of the FS errors were evaluated. To assess the survival of patients with different subtypes after surgery, 301 patients were identified for prognosis evaluation.The total concordance rate between FS and FP was 84.4%. When atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, AIS, and MIA were classified together as a low-risk group, the concordance rate was 95.9%. Most discrepant cases were the underestimation of AIS and MIA. The diagnostic accuracy of FS for tumors ≤ 1 cm and larger than 1 cm in diameter was 79.6% and 90.8%, respectively (P < .01). The FS errors had significant clinical impact on 0.9% of the 803 patients due to insufficient resection. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate (100%) was significantly better for the patients with AIS/MIA than for patients with invasive adenocarcinoma (74.1%, P < .01).Frozen pathology has a high concordance rate with FP. Precise diagnosis by intraoperative FS is an effective method to guide resection strategy for peripheral small-sized lung adenocarcinoma.
Neoplastic fever responds to the treatment of an adequate dose of naproxen.
Authors: J C Chang, H M Gross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Twenty-one patients with neoplastic fever due to malignancy were treated with naproxen. A prompt and complete lysis of fever was obtained in 20 patients within 12 hours when an adequate dose of naproxen was given, and a sustained normal temperature was maintained in all responding patients while receiving naproxen except for one in whom a low grade fever recurred. Lysis of fever usually was followed by excessive sweating and subjective symptomatic improvement. However, when naproxen was discontinued in ten patients, febrile state to the pretreatment level recurred in seven patients within three days. This observation suggests naproxen has a definite and effective antipyretic activity against neoplastic fever although it may recur as the drug is discontinued. Naproxen may be a useful adjunctive agent in patients with neoplastic fever for a short-term symptomatic relief.
Long-term outcome of six months maintenance chemotherapy for ALL in children: TCCSG L92-13E study.
Authors: Motohiro Kato, Atsushi Manabe, Sae Ishimaru, Masafumi Seki, Kenichi Yoshida, Daisuke Tomizawa, Daisuke Hasegawa, Takeshi Inukai, Yuki Arakawa, Takahiro Aoki, Mayuko Okuya, Kiyohiko Kaizu, Keisuke Kato, Yuichi Taneyama, Seishi Ogawa, Katsuyoshi Koh, Masahiro Tsuchida, Akira Ohara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

10032 Background: Standard duration of maintenance therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is generally considered as one year or longer. In our previous clinical trial, the TCCSG L92-13 (1992 – 1995, n = 347), maintenance therapy was shortened to 6 months and it resulted in decreased EFS of 59.5% at 5.5 years (Toyoda Y, et al. J Clin Oncol 2000), indicating that excess shortening of maintenance therapy could lead to high relapse rate. Conversely, it should be noted that about 60% of ALL achieved continuous complete remission with this short maintenance therapy. Thus, to confirm long-term outcome of ALL with short maintenance therapy, and to identify subgroups which do or do not require the standard duration of maintenance therapy, we conducted L92-13E study, an extended follow up of patients enrolled on the L92-13 study. Methods: In the L92-13 trial, children (15 years or younger) with ALL were enrolled, and were assigned to three risk groups, standard-risk (SR), high-risk (HR) and extremely high-risk (HEX). In this extended follow-up study, 45 patients who relapsed/died before 1 year from diagnosis were excluded in order to assess the long-term effect of the shortened therapy. Results: As of December 2014, a median of follow up period (n = 302) was 16.1 years. EFS at 15 years for all patients was 65.4 +- 2.8%. Incidences of relapse and non-relapse mortality were 3.2 +- 2.7% and 1.1 +- 0.7%, respectively. Of interest, patients in HEX group (n = 78) showed good EFS (75.4%), compared to SR (60.4%, n = 117) and HR (63.9%, n = 107). Male gender and high-hyperdiploid (HHD) was strongly associated with poor outcome, EFS was 57.1 +- 4.1% for boys, while 73.9 +- 3.7% for girls (p = 0.003). EFS of HHD was significantly poor (55.6 +- 11.7%), although it was recognized as good prognostic factor. On the contrary, EFS of TCF3-PBX1 positive patients was 80.0% +- 17.9%. Conclusions: The L92-13E study showed that a certain portion of ALL, including male, HHD required the standard duration of maintenance, whereas HEX group, female could be cured even with very short maintenance therapy. This result provides precise information of leukemia biology and highlights the role of maintenance therapy.
Aging, progression, and phenotype in breast cancer.
Authors: R Heimann, S Hellman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

The malignant potential of cancer is dynamic, changing throughout the natural history of a tumor. For breast cancer, this is especially important because the clinical presentation has been altered by the increasing use of screening mammography. The varied outcomes of similarly staged patients is most consistent with breast cancer not being a homogeneous disease, but rather a spectrum of disease states that have varying capacities for growth and metastasis. Evolutionary pressures are at play in both tumor development and during the clinically apparent portion of the life of a tumor and are responsible for this spectrum of tumor heterogeneity. Required of tumors is the development of critical phenotypic attributes: growth, invasion, metastagenicity, and angiogenesis. The combination and permutation of genetic changes that result in the acquisition of these characteristics may vary, but they must result in some expression of each of these phenotypes. The expression of these attributes will differ as tumors evolve to become more adept at each of these characteristics. Recognizing tumor heterogeneity emphasizes the need to determine an individual tumor's place in the evolutionary spectrum. This may be accomplished using clinical features such as size, nuclear grade, and patient age, as well as by examining markers of angiogenesis, metastatic capacity, and proliferation. Identification of the extent of tumor progression with regard to these major tumor phenotypes should allow individual therapy to be fashioned for each patient.
Mediterranean Diet With Olive Oil May Reduce Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rapid-fractionation preoperative chemoradiation, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and intraoperative radiation therapy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Authors: P W Pisters, J L Abbruzzese, N A Janjan, K R Cleary, C Charnsangavej, M S Goswitz, T A Rich, I Raijman, R A Wolff, R Lenzi, J E Lee, D B Evans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE To evaluate the toxicities, radiographic and pathologic responses, and event-free outcomes with combined modality treatment that involves preoperative rapid-fractionation chemoradiation, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and electron-beam intraoperative radiation therapy (EB-IORT) for patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with radiographically resectable localized adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head were entered onto a preoperative protocol that consisted of a 2-week course of fluorouracil (5-FU) 300 mg/m2 daily 5 days per week and concomitant rapid-fractionation radiation 30 Gy, 3 Gy daily 5 days per week. Radiographic restaging was performed 4 weeks after chemoradiation, and patients with localized disease underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with EB-IORT 10 to 15 Gy. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were entered onto the study and completed chemoradiation, 34 (97%) as outpatients. Three patients (9%) experienced grade 3 nausea and vomiting; no other grade 3 or 4 toxicities were observed. Of the 27 patients taken to surgery, 20 patients (74%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with EB-IORT. All patients had a less than grade III pathologic response to preoperative chemoradiation. At a median follow-up of 37 months, the 3-year survival rate in patients who underwent combined modality therapy was 23%. CONCLUSION Combined modality treatment with preoperative rapid-fractionation chemoradiation, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and EB-IORT is associated with minimal toxicity and excellent locoregional control. This represents one approach to maximize the proportion of patients who receive all components of combined modality therapy and avoids the toxicity of pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients found to have metastatic disease at the time of restaging.
Behaviorally Based Modeling and Computational Approaches to Neuroscience
Authors: G N Reeke, O Sporns
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1993)

The almost incredible advances that have recently occurred in the power of computers available to scientists in all disciplines have encouraged an explosion of neural network and behavioral models. Some of these have been constrained more by the imagination of the programmer than by rude biological facts. Their relevance for the experimental neuroscientist thus varies from case to case. Some models (e.g. Grillner's model of lamprey swimming movements) are so closely based on known neuroanatomy and neurophysiology that it becomes possible to generate and test precise experimental predictions. Other models (such as MURPHY and NOMAD) use neurobiological principles in their architectures, but do not portray any particular organism. Although it is harder to relate the study of these models of the study of real animals, they fulfill an important explanatory role. They make possible insights into how behavior is controlled by neuronal activity that would be unobtainable in real animals using present methods. Thus, even the excesses of neural modeling have provided a useful impetus to what is undoubtedly a most promising approach to integrating data from the various disciplines concerned with behavior and the mind. The problems have been pointed out by many authors (see citations in our introduction), and a phase of more critical evaluation appears to have begun. We hope that our brief survey of models based on widely different theoretical approaches, but all aimed at explaining behavior, will encourage critical comparisons to be made. As in more mature fields, such as thermodynamics, we can expect that more complete models will force an evaluation of theoretical hypotheses against the entire body of available evidence, rather than just a few pertinent test cases. Such evaluation will make possible a much more rigorous exclusion of invalid or inconsistent theoretical ideas. From such studies, a much smaller, but more robust, set of basic principles can be expected to emerge. From the perspective afforded by our own modeling studies, it appears essential that modeling be informed by a general theory of brain function. In this work, the theory of neuronal group selection provides a useful basis for further work by virtue of its consistency with basic evolutionary and physiological principles and the power of the selection paradigm to shape neural networks in behaviorally adaptive directions.
Interacting Resident Epicardium-Derived Fibroblasts and Recruited Bone Marrow Cells Form Myocardial Infarction Scar
Authors: Adrián Ruiz-Villalba, Ana M. Simón, Cristina Pogontke, María I. Castillo, Gloria Abizanda, Beatriz Pelacho, Rebeca Sánchez-Domínguez, José C. Segovia, Felipe Prósper, José M. Pérez-Pomares
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Use of Descriptive Terms in Medical Records
Authors: Jack N. Alpert
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Osteomalacia and Disorders of Vitamin D Metabolism
Authors: J F Habener, J E Mahaffey
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1978)

A rapidly growing understanding of the biochemical and physiological processes that underlie the metabolism of vitamin D has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of oestomalacia. Many of the vitamin D--resistant osteomalacia syndromes can now be explained on the basis of defects in the metabolic conversion of vitamin D to the biologically active dihydroxylated metabolite 1,25(OH)2D and perhaps, in some instances, to impairement of the actions of 1,25(OH)2D on target tissues. The availability of this new information has made possible the synthesis of 1-hydroxylated forms of the vitamin for therapeutic use in states of vitamin D resistance. Although many questions regarding the pathogenesis and most effective approaches in the management of osteomalacia remain unanswered, considerable progress has been made in this direction as a result of continued research on the subject.
THE PSYCHOSES OF OLD AGE.
Authors: M S Gregory
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal