tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical picture of community-acquired Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia requiring hospital treatment: a comparison between chlamydial and pneumococcal pneumonia.
Authors: M. T. Kauppinen, P. Saikku, P. Kujala, E. Herva, H. Syrjala
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: The importance of Chlamydia pneumoniae as a cause of pneumonia has remained controversial. The clinical picture of C pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia was compared during a C pneumoniae epidemic in Finland. METHODS: Group I consisted of 24 patients in whom serological testing and bacterial culture indicated an association with C pneumoniae only, group II comprised nine patients with both C pneumoniae and S pneumoniae, and group III consisted of 13 patients with S pneumoniae only. RESULTS: The patients with C pneumoniae suffered from headache more frequently than the other patients (group I, 46%; group II, 11%; and group III, 15%) and had received antimicrobial treatment more often before admission to hospital (group I, 54%; groups II and III, 0%). The patients with C pneumoniae produced few good sputum samples and had suffered from respiratory symptoms longer than those with S pneumoniae (group I, 10 days; groups II and III, 4 days). C reactive protein values on admission were lowest in group I and highest in group II. The antimicrobial treatment provided in hospital covered C pneumoniae in 36% of cases in group I and 0% in group II, while S pneumoniae was covered in all patients. C pneumoniae and S pneumoniae together were associated with more severe disease and a longer stay in hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumonia caused by C pneumoniae was milder but clinically resembled that caused by S pneumoniae, and required hospital treatment even among young patients. Mixed infections were common and should be taken into account when planning antimicrobial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia. Further studies with more patients are needed to evaluate the severity of C pneumoniae pneumonia.
Light alcohol drinking and cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: V. Bagnardi, M. Rota, E. Botteri, I. Tramacere, F. Islami, V. Fedirko, L. Scotti, M. Jenab, F. Turati, E. Pasquali, C. Pelucchi, R. Bellocco, E. Negri, G. Corrao, J. Rehm, P. Boffetta, C. La Vecchia
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Indoor tanning and non-melanoma skin cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: M. R. Wehner, M. L. Shive, M.-M. Chren, J. Han, A. A. Qureshi, E. Linos
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To synthesise the literature on indoor tanning and non-melanoma skin cancer. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> PubMed (1966 to present), Embase (1974 to present), and Web of Science (1898 to present). <b>Study selection</b> All articles that reported an original effect statistic for indoor tanning and non-melanoma skin cancer were included. Articles that presented no data, such as review articles and editorials, were excluded, as were articles in languages other than English. <b>Data extraction</b> Two investigators independently extracted data. Random effects meta-analysis was used to summarise the relative risk of ever use versus never use of indoor tanning. Dose-response effects and exposure to indoor tanning during early life were also examined. The population attributable risk fraction for the United States population was calculated. <b>Results</b> 12 studies with 9328 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer were included. Among people who reported ever using indoor tanning compared with those who never used indoor tanning, the summary relative risk for squamous cell carcinoma was 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.29 to 2.17) and that for basal cell carcinoma was 1.29 (1.08 to 1.53). No significant heterogeneity existed between studies. The population attributable risk fraction for the United States was estimated to be 8.2% for squamous cell carcinoma and 3.7% for basal cell carcinoma. This corresponds to more than 170 000 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer each year attributable to indoor tanning. On the basis of data from three studies, use of indoor tanning before age 25 was more strongly associated with both squamous cell carcinoma (relative risk 2.02, 0.70 to 5.86) and basal cell carcinoma (1.40, 1.29 to 1.52). <b>Conclusions</b> Indoor tanning is associated with a significantly increased risk of both basal and squamous cell skin cancer. The risk is higher with use in early life (&lt;25 years). This modifiable risk factor may account for hundreds of thousands of cases of non-melanoma skin cancer each year in the United States alone and many more worldwide. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the harms of indoor tanning and support public health campaigns and regulation to reduce exposure to this carcinogen.
Gastric Hypothermia for Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: William R. Harrell
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Fifty-two patients with active duodenal ulcer were divided randomly into two groups. The control group was "sham frozen" while the hypothermia group received a standard gastric freezing procedure. All patients were followed for a minimum of 18 months. Both groups experienced symptomatic improvement. The degree and duration of symptomatic improvement was greater in the hypothermia group, and the results were statistically significant at three and six months. Depression of basal acid secretion was transient, but significant depression of the maximum acid output was observed following hypothermia, and this lasted six months. However, there was no correlation between clinical improvement and altered gastric secretory function. While the benefits of gastric hypothermia appear definite, our observations indicate that the brief duration of clinical improvement does not justify the use of this method.
PWE-061 Split-dose Moviprep (low Volume Peg) And Afternoon Colonoscopy: A Step In The Right Direction
Authors: S Ghuman, P George, K Jones, H Khan
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Good bowel preparation is essential for optimal mucosal visualisation during colonoscopy. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of three types of bowel preparation – Picolax (sodium picosulphate), single dose Moviprep and split-dose Moviprep. <h3>Methods</h3> Two groups of patients; bowel cancer screening and symptomatic patients – who underwent colonoscopy at our institution over a 12-month period were identified. Within the two groups, 50 patients receiving each type of bowel preparation were selected providing a total of 300. Data collected included subjective endoscopist rating of bowel preparation quality (good, satisfactory, poor), depth of insertion, timing of endoscopy and polyp detection. <h3>Results</h3> In symptomatic patients, 94% prescribed split-dose Moviprep had good or satisfactory bowel preparation with an unadjusted caecal intubation rate of 96%. 80% prescribed single dose Moviprep and 84% prescribed Picolax received the same rating with a caecal intubation rate of 88 and 92% respectively. More afternoon colonoscopies received a ‘good’ bowel preparation rating (65.3 vs 30.8%, p value &lt;0.001) and more polyps (52.6 vs 47.4%) were detected regardless of preparation type. Moviprep was associated with the highest polyp detection rate (61 vs 34%, p value 0.03). In screening patients, 98% prescribed split-dose Moviprep had good or satisfactory bowel preparation. 94% prescribed single dose Moviprep and 90% prescribed picolax achieved the same rating. There was no significant difference in caecal intubation or polyp detection within the screening group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Split-dose Moviprep and colonoscopy performed in the afternoon are two independent factors facilitating better bowel cleansing and higher polyp detection. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Increases cAMP but Fails to Augment Contraction in Adult Rat Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Martín G. Vila Petroff, Josephine M. Egan, Xiaolin Wang, Steven J. Sollott
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

The gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is secreted in nanomolar amounts in response to nutrients in the intestinal lumen, exerts cAMP/protein kinase A–mediated insulinotropic actions in target endocrine tissues, but its actions in heart cells are unknown. GLP-1 (10 nmol/L) increased intracellular cAMP (from 5.7±0.5 to 13.1±0.12 pmol/mg protein) in rat cardiac myocytes. The effects of cAMP-doubling concentrations of both GLP-1 and isoproterenol (ISO, 10 nmol/L) on contraction amplitude, intracellular Ca 2+ transient (CaT), and pH i in indo-1 and seminaphthorhodafluor (SNARF)–1 loaded myocytes were compared. Whereas ISO caused a characteristic increase (above baseline) in contraction amplitude (160±34%) and CaT (70±5%), GLP-1 induced a significant decrease in contraction amplitude (−27±5%) with no change in the CaT after 20 minutes. Neither pertussis toxin treatment nor exposure to the cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine or the nonselective PDE inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine nor the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid or calyculin A unmasked an ISO-mimicking response of GLP-1. In SNARF-1–loaded myocytes, however, both ISO and GLP-1 caused an intracellular acidosis (ΔpH i −0.09±0.02 and −0.08±0.03, respectively). The specific GLP-1 antagonist exendin 9-39 and the cAMP inhibitory analog Rp-8CPT-cAMPS inhibited both the GLP-1–induced intracellular acidosis and the negative contractile effect. We conclude that in contrast to β-adrenergic signaling, GLP-1 increases cAMP but fails to augment contraction, suggesting the existence of functionally distinct adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A compartments, possibly determined by unique receptor signaling microdomains that are not controlled by pertussis toxin–sensitive G proteins or by enhanced local PDE or phosphatase activation. Furthermore, GLP-1 elicits a cAMP-dependent modest negative inotropic effect produced by a decrease in myofilament-Ca 2+ responsiveness probably resulting from intracellular acidification.
Papillomaviruses Causing Cancer: Evasion From Host-Cell Control in Early Events in Carcinogenesis
Authors: H. z. Hausen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

During the past 20 years, several types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been identified that cause specific types of cancers. The etiology of cancer of the cervix has been linked to several types of HPV, with a high preponderance of HPV16. The role of these virus infections has been established 1) by the regular presence of HPV DNA in the respective tumor biopsy specimens, 2) by the demonstration of viral oncogene expression (E6 and E7) in tumor material, 3) by the identification of transforming properties of these genes, 4) by the requirement for E6 and E7 expression for maintaining the malignant phenotype of cervical carcinoma cell lines, 5) by the interaction of viral oncoproteins with growth-regulating host-cell proteins, and 6) by epidemiologic studies pointing to these HPV infections as the major risk factor for cervical cancer development. In addition to cancer of the cervix, a major proportion of anal, perianal, vulvar, and penile cancers appears to be linked to the same HPV infections. In addition, close to 20% of oropharyngeal cancers contain DNA from the same types of HPV. Recent evidence also points to a possible role of other HPV infections in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. This review covers recent developments in understanding molecular mechanisms of HPV carcinogenesis, mainly discussing functions of viral oncoproteins and the regulation of viral oncogenes by host-cell factors. Modifications in host-cell genes, most likely engaged in the control of HPV gene expression in proliferating cells, emerge as important events in HPV-mediated carcinogenesis.
Localization of heart vectors produced by epicardial burns and ectopic stimuli; validation of a dipole ranging method.
Authors: R E Ideker, J P Bandura, R A Larsen, J W Cox, F W Keller, D A Brody
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Location of the equivalent cardiac dipole has been estimated but not fully verified in several laboratories. To test the accuracy of such a procedure, injury vectors were produced in 14 isolated, perfused rabbit hearts by epicardial searing. Strongly dipolar excitation fronts were produced in 6 additional hearts by left ventricular pacing. Twenty computer-processed signals, derived from surface electrodes on a spherical electrolyte-filled tank containing the test preparation, were optimally fitted with a locatable cardiac dipole that accounted for over 99% of the root-mean-square surface potential. For the 14 burns (mean radius 5.0 mm), the S-T injury dipole was located 3.4 plus or minus 0.7 (SD) mm from the burn center. For the 6 paced hearts, the dipole early in the ectopic beat was located 3.7 mm (range 2.6 to 4.6 mm) from the stimulating electrode. Phase inhomogeneities within the chamber appeared to have a small but predictable effect on dipole site determination. The study demonstrates that equivalent dipole location can be determined with acceptable accuracy from potential measurements of the external cardiac field.
Pro–Surfactant Protein B As a Biomarker for Lung Cancer Prediction
Authors: Don D. Sin, C. Martin Tammemagi, Stephen Lam, Matt J. Barnett, Xiaobo Duan, Anthony Tam, Heidi Auman, Ziding Feng, Gary E. Goodman, Samir Hanash, Ayumu Taguchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Preliminary studies have identified pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SFTPB) to be a promising blood biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer. We conducted a study to determine the independent predictive potential of pro-SFTPB in identifying individuals who are subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer.Pro-SFTPB levels were measured in 2,485 individuals, who enrolled onto the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study by using plasma sample collected at the baseline visit. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the predictive ability of pro-SFTPB in addition to known lung cancer risk factors. Calibration and discrimination were evaluated, the latter by an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). External validation was performed with samples collected in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) participants using a case-control study design.Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, personal history of cancer, family history of lung cancer, forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, and smoking duration, pro-SFTPB (log transformed) had an odds ratio of 2.220 (95% CI, 1.727 to 2.853; P < .001). The AUCs of the full model with and without pro-SFTPB were 0.741 (95% CI, 0.696 to 0.783) and 0.669 (95% CI, 0.620 to 0.717; difference in AUC P < .001). In the CARET Study, the use of pro-SFPTB yielded an AUC of 0.683 (95% CI, 0.604 to 0.761).Pro-SFTPB in plasma is an independent predictor of lung cancer and may be a valuable addition to existing lung cancer risk prediction models.
Evidence-based guidelines for the use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: The 2011 EAPC Recommendations.
Authors: Augusto Caraceni, Geoffrey Hanks, Stein Kaasa, Michael Bennett, Cinzia Brunelli, Nathan Cherny, Ola Dale, Franco Dr Conno, Marie Fallon, Magdi Hanna, Dagny Haugen, Gitte Juhl, Pal Klepstad, Eivor Laugsand, Marco Maltoni, Sebastiano Mercadante, Maria Nabal, Alessandra Pigni, Lucas Radbruch, Colette Reid, Per Sjogren, Patrick Stone, Davide Tassinari, Giovambattista Zeppetella
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma resembling chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease
Authors: EJ Kaplinsky, RR Favaloro, G Pombo, SV Perrone, CA Vigliano, JL Schnidt, RP Boughen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Two cases of primary pulmonary artery sarcoma resembling chronic thromboembolic disease features are presented. Tumour identification was achieved after pulmonarv thromboendarterectomy, which was indicated by documentation of a prothrombotic state in both patients. A doubtful history of pulmonary emboli or deep venous thrombosis should alert medical personnel to the possible presence of a primary pulmonary artery sarcoma. Advanced imaging methods such as gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging could be useful in considering pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. If a tumour is detected, its surgical resection should be considered with caution, taking into account the poor survival results. Invasion of the adventitia or the right ventricle, as documented in the present cases, is unusual. As far as the present authors know, this is the first report of this kind of tumour and its coexistence with an activated protein C resistance state and type II heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Precursors for Tumor Stroma and Targeted-Delivery Vehicles for Anticancer Agents
Authors: M. Studeny, F. C. Marini, J. L. Dembinski, C. Zompetta, M. Cabreira-Hansen, B. N. Bekele, R. E. Champlin, M. Andreeff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Background: High concentrations of interferon beta (IFN-β) inhibit malignant cell growth in vitro. However, the therapeutic utility of IFN-β in vivo is limited by its excessive toxicity when administered systemically at high doses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be used to target delivery of agents to tumor cells. We tested whether MSC can deliver IFN-β to tumors, reducing toxicity. Methods: Human MSC were transduced with an adenoviral expression vector carrying the human IFN-β gene (MSC-IFN-β cells). Flow cytometry was used to measure tumor cell proliferation among in vitro co-cultures of MSC-IFN-β cells and human MDA 231 breast carcinoma cells or A375SM melanoma cells. We used a severe combined immunodeficiency mouse xenograft model (4–10 mice per group) to examine the effects of injected MSC-IFN-β cells and human recombinant IFN-β on the growth of MDA 231- and A375SM-derived pulmonary metastases in vivo and on survival. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Co-culture of MSC-IFN-β cells with A375SM cells or MDA 231 cells inhibited tumor cell growth as compared with growth of the tumor cells cultured alone (differences in mean percentage of control cell growth: −94.0% [95% confidence interval {CI} = −81.2% to −106.8%; P <.001] and −104.8% [95% CI = −82.1% to −127.5%; P <.001], respectively). Intravenous injection of MSC-IFN-β cells into mice with established MDA 231 or A375SM pulmonary metastases led to incorporation of MSC in the tumor architecture and, compared with untreated control mice, to prolonged mouse survival (median survival for MDA 231–injected mice: 60 and 37 days for MSC-injected and control mice, respectively [difference = 23.0 days (95% CI = 14.5 to 34.0 days; P <.001]; median survival for A375SM-injected mice: 73.5 and 30.0 days for MSC-injected and control mice, respectively [difference = 43.5 days (95% CI = 37.0 to 57.5 days; P <.001]). By contrast, intravenous injection of recombinant IFN-β did not prolong survival in the same models (median survival for MDA 231–injected mice: 41.0 and 37.0 days for IFN-β–injected and control mice, respectively [difference = 4 days, 95% CI = −5 to 10 days; P = .308]; median survival for A375SM-injected mice: 32.0 and 30.0 days for IFN-β–injected and control mice, respectively [difference = 2 days, 95% CI = 0 to 4.5 days; P = .059]). Conclusions: Injected MSC-IFN-β cells suppressed the growth of pulmonary metastases, presumably through the local production of IFN-β in the tumor microenvironment. MSC may be an effective platform for the targeted delivery of therapeutic proteins to cancer sites.
The efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in psoriasis using objective and subjective outcome measures
Authors: G Gupta, J Long, D M Tillman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article The efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in psoriasis using objective and subjective outcome measures Get access G Gupta, G Gupta Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Long, J Long Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D M Tillman D M Tillman Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 5, 1 May 1999, Pages 887–890, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02820.x Published: 01 May 1999
Transcriptome analysis identifies TNF superfamily receptors as potential therapeutic targets in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Silvia Affò, Marlene Dominguez, Juan José Lozano, Pau Sancho-Bru, Daniel Rodrigo-Torres, Oriol Morales-Ibanez, Montserrat Moreno, Cristina Millán, Aurora Loaeza-del-Castillo, José Altamirano, Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Vicente Arroyo, Pere Ginès, Juan Caballería, Robert F Schwabe, Ramon Bataller
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe clinical condition that needs novel therapies. The identification of targets for therapy is hampered by the lack of animal models of advanced AH. The authors performed a translational study through a transcriptome analysis in patients with AH to identify new molecular targets. <h3>Design</h3> Hepatic gene expression profiling was assessed by DNA microarray in patients with AH (n=15) and normal livers (n=7). Functional analysis was assessed by gene set enrichment analysis. Quantitative PCR was performed in patients with AH (n=40), hepatitis C (n=18), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (n=20) and in mouse models of acute and chronic liver injury. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. <h3>Results</h3> Gene expression analysis showed 207 genes &gt;5-fold differentially expressed in patients with AH and revealed seven pathways differentially regulated including 'cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction'. Several tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily receptors, but not ligands, were overexpressed in AH. Importantly, Fn14 was the only TNF superfamily receptor exclusively upregulated in AH compared with other liver diseases and correlated with both 90-day mortality and severity of portal hypertension. Fn14 protein expression was detected in areas of fibrogenesis and in a population of hepatocytes. Fn14 expression was increased in experimental models of liver injury and was detected in progenitor cells. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Translational research revealed that TNF superfamily receptors are overexpressed in AH. Fn14, the receptor for TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis, is selectively upregulated in patients with AH. TNF superfamily receptors could represent a potential target for therapy.
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Pulmonary Disease
Authors: J A D Cooper, R J Zitnik, R A Matthay
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1988)

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