tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TWO MAJOR TYPES OF NORMAL 7S γ-GLOBULIN
Authors: Mart Mannik, Henry G. Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Normal 7S human γ-globulin was found to contain two fundamental antigenic groups of molecules. The group 1 molecules of normal γglobulin correspond antigenically to group 1 multiple myeloma proteins and Bence Jones proteins; and group 2 molecules of normal γ-globulin correspond antigenically to group 2 multiple myeloma proteins and Bence-Jones proteins. Among pooled human Fr II and several individual γ-globulin preparations, approximately 60 per cent of molecules belong to group 1 and approximately 30 per cent of molecules to group 2 in this classification. The possible existence of a third minor antigenic group, constituting about 10 per cent, is discussed. Antisera to Bence Jones proteins of antigenic group 1 and group 2, in conjunction with I-131-labeled 7S γ-globulin proved to be the most useful system for defining the antigenic groups of normal γ-globulin. The group-specific antigenic determinants of normal 7S γ-globulin molecules were located on the S fragments of these proteins.
Complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis from digestive tract cancer—New management with oxaliplatin plus irinotecan: A feasibility study in 37 patients
Authors: F. Quenet, C. Claus, L. Roca, A. Gauthey, M. Essissen, M. Ychou, P. Rouanet, B. Saint-Aubert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

4084 Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) has, until recently, been considered as a lethal condition. Encouraging results have been made available concerning the treatment of PC of colorectal (CR) origin with the association of an aggressive cytoreduction surgery and an hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The purpose of this study was to analyse the morbidity and mortality of this particular approach combining oxaliplatin and irinotecan and to assess survival benefit in patients with PC from CR cancer. Methods: Among the 37 patients who were prospectively enrolled from 11/03 to 07/06, 28 had peritoneal carcinomatosis of CR origin, 7 patients had an appendiceal primary tumor with peritoneal pseudomyxoma, and 2 patients presented a peritoneal mesothelioma. A macroscopically complete resection of the PC was performed in all but one case. HIPEC was conducted with the “Coliseum” technique with oxaliplatin (300 mg/m2) combined with irinotecan (300 mg/m2) in 2 L/m2 of 5% dextrose, over 30 minutes at an intraperitoneal temperature of 43°C. In the operating room, thirty minutes before HIPEC, patients received 5-fluorouracil (400 mg/m2) and leucovorin (20 mg/m2) intravenously, resulting in a synchronous intraperitoneal and systemic bolus treatment. Each patient received at least six months of systemic chemotherapy. Results: Postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were 5% and 43%, respectively. The most frequent complications were digestive fistula (8%), postoperative haemorrhage (13%), and severe hematological toxicity (37%). GCSF was administered as primary prophylactic treatment for the last 13 patients (day 1–10). None of them experienced neutropenia. Among the 28 patients with PC of CR origin, median follow up was 25 months, median overall survival was 37 months and median disease free survival was 13 months. Conclusions: This new approach resulted in an acceptable incidence of adverse events, comparable to those obtained in HIPEC procedures with mitomicin C or oxaliplatin alone. This intraperitonal bitherapy shows promising results in overall survival in carcinomatosis from CR cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Radiotherapy of Spontaneous Fibrous Connective-Tissue Sarcomas in Animals2
Authors: Duane E. Hilmas, Edward L. Gillette
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Radiotherapy of Spontaneous Fibrous Connective-Tissue Sarcomas in Animals Get access Duane E. Hilmas, Duane E. Hilmas 3College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo. 80521. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward L. Gillette Edward L. Gillette 3College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo. 80521. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 2, February 1976, Pages 365–368, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.2.365 Published: 01 February 1976 Article history Received: 30 May 1975 Accepted: 23 September 1975 Published: 01 February 1976
Intra-arterial chemotherapy and osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption for primitive neuroectodermal tumors
Authors: K. Jahnke, D. F. Kraemer, D. Fortin, S. Bell, N. D. Doolittle, K. R. Knight, L. L. Muldoon, E. A. Neuwelt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

2046 Background: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) may, in part, contribute to the poor outcome in primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) treated with chemotherapy. Intra-arterial chemotherapy and osmotic BBB disruption (IA/BBBD) increases drug delivery to the central nervous system while preserving neurocognitive functioning and minimizing systemic toxicity. Methods: The study aims were evaluation of efficacy and toxicity in patients with PNETs other than medulloblastoma treated with IA/BBBD. A chart review of patients from 3 centers treated on various protocols was conducted. Study outcomes included overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP, from date of first study treatment). Times to events were estimated using Kaplan-Meier product limit method. Results: Twenty-nine patients (median age 20.5 years, median Karnofsky performance status 90%) were identified. Pathologic diagnoses included pineoblastoma (n = 13 patients), atypical pineocytoma (n = 2), neuroblastoma (n = 3), and other supratentorial or disseminated PNETs (n = 11). Thirteen patients were pretreated before IA/BBBD: 5 with only chemotherapy, 4 with radiotherapy alone, and 4 with both. Intraarterial chemotherapy included carboplatin (n = 24), methotrexate (n = 3), or a combination of both (n = 2). Six patients had a complete and 11 a partial response to IA/BBBD (response rate 58.6%). Ten patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Twenty (69%) patients relapsed. Median TTP was 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.8 to 8.4) years, and 9/28 (32.1%) evaluable patients have not yet progressed. Median OS was 2.5 (1.2–11.7) years, 40% survived 4.0 years, and 30% survived 8.7 years. Nine out of 29 (31%) patients are alive, and 6/29 (20.7%) are alive 11+ years after first treatment. Twenty patients have died: 16 due to disease progression, 3 due to toxicity, and 1 due to other reasons. No deaths or permanent neurologic or vascular sequelae related to the IA/BBBD procedure were observed. Conclusions: Survival in PNETs treated with IA/BBBD appears favorable as compared to the literature, especially when considering that 11 patients received IA/BBBD as salvage treatment. A plateau in survival suggests that select patients may be cured. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Repeatability evaluation of PET/CT imaging using [18F]fluorothymidine (FLT) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in primary triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)
Authors: J.L. Glendenning, S. Barrington, H. Tovey, J. Parikh, J. Dunn, A. Tutt
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Abstract 18971: Changes in HDL Quality Rather Than Macrophage Function Mediate the Atheroprotective Phenotype in Usf1 Knockout Mice
Authors: Jarkko Soronen, Pirkka-Pekka P Laurila, Essi Kaiharju, Miranda Van Eck, Petri Kovanen, Matti Jauhiainen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

We previously demonstrated that allelic variants of Usf1 are associated with myriad metabolic phenotypes in human populations and the knockout of Usf1 in mice leads to a favorable metabolic phenotype. Here, we have studied the role of macrophages and HDL particles in the development of atherosclerosis in the Usf1 -/- mice. A mouse strain of double knockout of Usf1 and Ldlr (Usf1 -/- Ldlr -/-) was generated, and mice along with their Usf1 +/+ Ldlr -/- littermates were fed with a high fat diet diet for 20 weeks. The double knockouts displayed a three-fold reduction in their atherosclerotic lesion area as demonstrated by the aortic longitudinal section based en face technique. To study the potential mechanisms behind the attenuated lesion development in the Usf1 -/- mice, we knocked down USF1 by constitutive expression of shRNA from human monocyte cell line (THP1). We differentiated monocytes into macrophages and loaded them with acetylated LDL for 48 hours. We observed no change in cholesterol efflux from USF1 knockdown macrophages to wild type mouse serum or HDL when compared to efflux from control cells expressing non-targeting shRNA. Furthermore, we performed bone marrow transplantation of Usf1 -/- and wild type bone marrow to Ldlr -/- mouse background. After 12 weeks of western diet we saw no change in atherosclerotic lesion development in the aortic root area in the mice with Usf1 -/- bone marrow compared to the mice with wild type bone marrow, indicating a macrophage independent mechanism for the atheroprotection in Usf1 -/- mice. The Usf1 -/- mice displayed both elevated cholesterol (p&lt;0.001) and phospholipids (p&lt;0.001) in their serum both on western and regular chow diet. Interestingly, cholesterol efflux from wild type THP1 macrophages to Usf1 -/- serum and HDL was significantly increased (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.001, respectively) compared to serum and HDL from the wild type mice indicating that not only increased serum HDL concentration but also changes in HDL particle quality in the Usf1 -/- mice have properties increasing cholesterol efflux. Our study establishes the atheroprotective role for Usf1 deficiency that could be in part due to the favorable changes HDL particle quality rather than macrophage specific effects in the Usf1 -/- mice.
A Phase II open-label study of capecitabine in combination with irinotecan as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: T. H. Cartwright, T. Lopez, S. J. Vukelja, C. Encarnacion, K. A. Boehm, L. Asmar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3658 Background: Capecitabine (C) and irinotecan (I) have demonstrated to be effective against colorectal cancer. They have different antitumor mechanisms yet no cross-resistance. In this multicenter phase II study, we sought to assess the efficacy and safety of CI in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Between July 2001 and September 2002, 50 pts were registered; 1 was ineligible (prior I). A total of 49 pts received C 1000 mg/m2 twice daily (2000 mg/m2 daily dose) Days 1–14 and I 240 mg/m2 on Day 1 of every 21-day cycle. At baseline, 88% were white and 57% were male; median age was 64.5 years (range, 25.8–84.5); ECOG performance status was 0–2. Results: 7 pts were non-evaluable (1 early death, 1 other disease, 2 refused treatment, and 3 had no tumor assessment). Responses for 42 evaluable pts were 1 CR (2%), 18 PR (43%), 20 SD (48%) and 2 PD (7%), for an overall response rate (CR+PR) of 45% with median duration of response of 5.7 months (range, 2.5–11.8). Median survival was 13.4 months (range, 1.15 –23.6) and median progression free survival was 6.7 months (range, 1.15 –17.5). At 1-year, the estimated survival was 52% and the PFS was 15%. Patients received a median of 6 cycles of treatment (range, 1–18). Causes of death; 19 PD, cardiopulmonary arrest, CVA, suicide, and treatment related sudden death (1 each). Grade 1–2 hand-foot syndrome occurred in 8 pts (16%). NCI Grade ≥ 3 drug-related toxicities: GI (31%), neutropenia (12%), dehydration (10%), anemia, fatigue and pain (6%, each), febrile neutropenia (4%), leukopenia, myelosuppression, thrombocytopenia and weight loss (2%, each). Conclusions: Capecitabine and irinotecan given in this schedule is an active combination for the treatment of first line metastatic colorectal cancer. Although there was significant toxicity with the regimen, toxicity was manageable with dose reduction or dose delay. This combination should be further investigated in phase III trials. Supported by Roche Laboratories, Inc., NJ, USA Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Roche
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: rationale and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management
Authors: David W. Denning, Jacques Cadranel, Catherine Beigelman-Aubry, Florence Ader, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Stijn Blot, Andrew J. Ullmann, George Dimopoulos, Christoph Lange
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is an uncommon and problematic pulmonary disease, complicating many other respiratory disorders, thought to affect ~240 000 people in Europe. The most common form of CPA is chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA), which untreated may progress to chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis. Less common manifestations include: Aspergillus nodule and single aspergilloma. All these entities are found in non-immunocompromised patients with prior or current lung disease. Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (formerly called chronic necrotising pulmonary aspergillosis) is a more rapidly progressive infection (<3 months) usually found in moderately immunocompromised patients, which should be managed as invasive aspergillosis. Few clinical guidelines have been previously proposed for either diagnosis or management of CPA. A group of experts convened to develop clinical, radiological and microbiological guidelines. The diagnosis of CPA requires a combination of characteristics: one or more cavities with or without a fungal ball present or nodules on thoracic imaging, direct evidence of Aspergillus infection (microscopy or culture from biopsy) or an immunological response to Aspergillus spp. and exclusion of alternative diagnoses, all present for at least 3 months. Aspergillus antibody (precipitins) is elevated in over 90% of patients. Surgical excision of simple aspergilloma is recommended, if technically possible, and preferably via video-assisted thoracic surgery technique. Long-term oral antifungal therapy is recommended for CCPA to improve overall health status and respiratory symptoms, arrest haemoptysis and prevent progression. Careful monitoring of azole serum concentrations, drug interactions and possible toxicities is recommended. Haemoptysis may be controlled with tranexamic acid and bronchial artery embolisation, rarely surgical resection, and may be a sign of therapeutic failure and/or antifungal resistance. Patients with single Aspergillus nodules only need antifungal therapy if not fully resected, but if multiple they may benefit from antifungal treatment, and require careful follow-up.
Transformation of Human Embryo Cells With the Use of Cell-Free Extracts of a Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Line (HUS-2): Brief Communication
Authors: B. Cook, F. O'Sullivan, J. Leung, P. Morse, B. Graham, A. L. Chapman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Cell-free extracts of the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line HUS-2 caused the transformation of human embryo fibroblasts. This transformation included morphologic alteration, karyotypic change, and an increase in culture longevity. With the use of sex markers, multiple karyotypes confirmed that the human embryo fibroblasts were transformed, and the use of cell-free material further suggested the presence of a transforming virus. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in a particle with a specific gravity of 1.16 g/cm3 indicated the presence of an RNA type C virus. Evidence also suggested that the known mammalian type C viruses, routine cytopathic effect-inducing viruses, or mycoplasma were not the agents responsible for the transformation. That both the donor (HUS-2) and converted (HUE-T) cell lines cross-reacted with antisera prepared against HUE-T indicated a common antigen arising in the process of conversion of HUS-2 cells to HUE-T cells.
Abstract 11183: In-hospital Mortality in Patients With Connective Tissue Disease Presenting With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gregory Suero, Raef Hajjali
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objective: Premature coronary artery disease due to accelerated atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD). Particularly, patient...
Treatment Options for Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Samuel W. Beenken, Marshall M. Urist
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2004)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) or neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin is uncommon, often aggressive, and has a poor prognosis. Complete surgical excision with histologic documentation of clear resection margins is recommended for the primary cancer. Retrospective analysis of clinical data strongly suggests that adjuvant radiotherapy improves local control of MCC, but no evidence has been published that it prolongs survival. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a useful method of determining the need for regional lymph node dissection in stage I patients. Chemotherapy regimens similar to those employed for small cell carcinoma of the lung have been recommended for advanced MCC. Patients often show an initial response to therapy, but it is usually short-lived. The three-year overall survival for patients with MCC is 31%. Before an improvement in long-term survival can be realized, early detection, appropriate use of surgery and radiation therapy, and the development of effective systemic chemotherapy are required.
BRCA1/2 mutations and cancer risk in Asian-Americans
Authors: A. W. Kurian, N. M. Chun, M. A. Mills, A. D. Staton, B. A. Crawford, Y. Ridge, S. S. Donlon, G. D. Gong, D. W. West, J. M. Ford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

10512 Background: There are significant differences in breast cancer epidemiology between Caucasian and Asian-Americans and even between different Asian groups. These cancer risks and associated BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence have not been well defined in Asians; BRCA1/2 mutation penetrance might differ due to different risk modifiers. We report on a case-control study of BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence and cancer risk in Asian-American women. Methods: Clinical Data Collection: Chart review from cancer genetics services of 4 North American centers with highest Asian volume. BRCA1/2 Mutation Risk Assessment: BRCAPRO and Myriad II models, CancerGene version 4.3 (University of Texas). BRCA1/2 Mutation Testing: Full sequencing and large rearrangement panel (Myriad Genetics Inc.). Endpoints: BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence and predictive model accuracy (observed versus predicted mutations). Results: 43 of 181 Asians (23.8%) had a BRCA1/2 mutation; 36 (19.9%) had a variant of uncertain significance. The observed prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations was 23.8% of women, which differs significantly from the predicted prevalence of 12.9% using BRCAPRO (p = 5.6 × 10 -9 ), and the predicted prevalence of 12.6% using Myriad II. This 2-fold difference existed for Chinese, Japanese, and Filipina women (the ethnic sub-groups with enough cases available for comparisons), even though the percent with observed and predicted mutations varied for these three groups. Conclusions: One in 4 clinically tested Asian-Americans has a BRCA1/2 mutation. Standard models significantly under-predict mutations in Asians; consequently, Asians are likely under-tested for BRCA1/2 mutations. These results may reflect lower BRCA1/2-associated cancer risk in Asians compared to Caucasians. Comparison to Caucasian controls and to Asians in Hong Kong is underway, to investigate potential genetic and lifestyle modifiers of BRCA1/2-associated cancer risk. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway in murine MDS/MPN driven by hyperactive Ras
Authors: J Akutagawa, T Q Huang, I Epstein, T Chang, M Quirindongo-Crespo, C L Cottonham, M Dail, B S Slusher, L S Friedman, D Sampath, B S Braun
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Why should the clonogenic cell assay be prognostically important in ovarian cancer?
Authors: S A Cannistra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.3.368 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 1999705 Why should the clonogenic cell assay be prognostically important in ovarian cancer? S A CannistraxS A CannistraSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1991.9.3.368 First Page PDF © 1991 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
PTH-163 Malnutrition persists or develops in the majority of patients with upper-gastrointestinal cancer: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: EM Grace, K Mohammed, C Shaw, J Andreyev, K Whelan
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In patients with cancer, malnutrition is associated with increased treatment toxicity, poorer quality of life and lower survival. Patients with upper-gastrointestinal (GI) cancer may be at particular risk of malnutrition due to the tumour location. However, most studies are cross-sectional in design and measure the prevalence of malnutrition at the acute presentation of cancer. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of malnutrition in upper-GI cancer and to determine whether it persists or develops between diagnosis and the acute (3-month) and chronic (12-month) period of radical treatment. <h3>Method</h3> Patients with newly diagnosed upper-GI cancer were recruited to a longitudinal cohort study and assessed at the time of diagnosis and at 3-m and 12-m following the start of radical treatment. Nutritional assessment was performed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), which has been validated in the oncology setting. The PG-SGA produced two Results (a) total score (score ≥4 intervention needed; score ≥9 critical intervention needed); and (b) subjective global rating (SGA A= well nourished, B= moderately malnourished and C= severely malnourished). <h3>Results</h3> In total, 80 patients were recruited at diagnosis, of which 68 were reviewed at 3-m and 57 at 12-m. Mean (SD) body weight was 76.6 kg (17.2) at baseline, 74.4 kg (14.8) at 3-m and 71.6 kg (16.7) at 12-m. In those with data at both time points, the reduction in body weight between diagnosis and 3-m (-2.3 kg, p = 0.003) and between 3-m and 12-m (–4.0 kg, p &lt; 0.001) were statistically significant. Median (range) PG-SGA total score changed from 9 (0–28) at diagnosis, 6 (2–26) at 3-m and 7 (0–19) at 12-m. In addition, 61%, 62% and 60% of patients were considered moderately/severely malnourished (SGA B or C) at the three time points. Reduced food intake contributed to malnutrition in 61% at diagnosis, 48% at 3-m and 52% at 12-m. In those with data at 12-m (n = 57), trends in the SGA category showed that 19 (33%) patients were moderately/severely malnourished at both diagnosis and 12-m (malnutrition <i>‘persisted’</i>), while 15 (27%) were well-nourished at diagnosis but became moderately/severely malnourished by 12-m (malnutrition <i>‘developed’</i>). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with upper-GI cancer experience progressive weight loss over time, with malnutrition either persisting or developing in the majority (60%) during the first year. Optimising nutritional status throughout the treatment pathway should be considered a priority in this high-risk group. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.