tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychosomatic Medicine: Emerging Trends and Perspectives
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Nicoletta Sonino
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

Developments have occurred in all aspects of psychosomatic medicine. Among factors affecting individual vulnerability to all types of disease, the following have been highlighted by recent research: recent and early life events, chronic stress and allostatic load, personality, psychological well-being, health attitudes and behavior. As to the interaction between psychological and biological factors in the course and outcome of disease, the presence of psychiatric (DSM-IV) as well as subclinical (Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research) symptoms, illness behavior and the impact on quality of life all need to be assessed. The prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of physical illness include the consideration for psychosomatic prevention, the treatment of psychiatric morbidity and abnormal illness behavior and the use of psychotropic drugs in the medically ill. In the past 60 years, psychosomatic medicine has addressed some fundamental questions, contributing to the growth of other related disciplines, such as psychoneuroendocrinology, psychoimmunology, consultation-liaison psychiatry, behavioral medicine, health psychology and quality of life research. Psychosomatic medicine may also provide a comprehensive frame of reference for several current issues of clinical medicine (the phenomenon of somatization, the increasing occurrence of mysterious symptoms, the demand for well-being and quality of life), including its new dialogue with mind-body and alternative medicine.
Bleeding Risk of Patients With Acute Venous Thromboembolism Taking Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs or Aspirin
Authors: Bruce L. Davidson, Sara Verheijen, Anthonie W. A. Lensing, Martin Gebel, Timothy A. Brighton, Roger M. Lyons, Jeffrey Rehm, Martin H. Prins
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Combined anticoagulant and aspirin therapy is associated with increased bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation, but the bleeding risk of combined use of anticoagulant and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is poorly documented.To estimate the bleeding risk of combined anticoagulant (rivaroxaban or enoxaparin-vitamin K antagonist [VKA]) and NSAID or aspirin therapy in patients with venous thromboembolism.Prospective analysis of observational data from the EINSTEIN deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism clinical trials comparing rivaroxaban with enoxaparin-VKA treatment, trials performed in hospitals and clinics in 8246 patients enrolled from 2007 to 2009.Bleeding event rates during exposure to NSAID and aspirin therapy were compared to time without exposure.Days of NSAID or aspirin use and nonuse, clinically relevant bleeding event and major bleeding event rates by patient-years, and hazard ratios.During NSAID-anticoagulant concomitant treatment, clinically relevant bleeding occurred with an event rate of 37.5 per 100 patient-years vs 16.6 per 100 patient-years during anticoagulant use only (hazard ratio [HR], 1.77 [95% CI, 1.46-2.14]). Major bleeding during NSAID-anticoagulant treatment occurred with an event rate of 6.5 per 100 patient-years, compared to 2.0 per 100 patient-years during nonuse (HR, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.51-3.75]). For aspirin-anticoagulant concomitant treatment, clinically relevant bleeding occurred with an event rate of 36.6 per 100 patient-years, compared to 16.9 per 100 patient-years during aspirin nonuse (HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.38-2.11]). Major bleeding in aspirin-anticoagulant-treated patients occurred with an event rate of 4.8 per 100 patient-years, compared to 2.2 per 100 patient-years during aspirin nonuse (HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 0.86-2.62]). Increases in risk for clinically relevant and major bleeding were similar for rivaroxaban and enoxaparin-VKA anticoagulation regimens.Among patients with venous thromboembolism receiving anticoagulant therapy, concomitant use of an NSAID or aspirin is associated with an increased risk of clinically relevant and major bleeding.
Mental Illness in the White and Bantu Populations of the Republic of South Africa
Authors: EUGENE TOKER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Cultural differences affect the incidence and mode of treatment of mental disorder among the two major populations of the Republic of South Africa—white and Bantu. Increasing Westernization of the Bantu tends to narrow the differences in mental illness between the two groups. Private treatment is available primarily to the white population; the Bantu are treated in state institutions and by medicine men. Bantu men are more likely to be treated in state hospitals than are Bantu women, since movement to urban centers where psychiatric facilities exist is more prevalent among men. Trends toward detribalization and urbanization among the Bantu have increased the incidence of mental illness. Thus there is need to improve and extend psychiatric services for them.
Expression of Interleukin-9 in Nasal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines and Patients
Authors: Toshihiro Nagato, Hiroya Kobayashi, Kan Kishibe, Miki Takahara, Takeshi Ogino, Hideyuki Ishii, Kensuke Oikawa, Naoko Aoki, Keisuke Sato, Shoji Kimura, Norio Shimizu, Masatoshi Tateno, Yasuaki Harabuchi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma is associated with EBV and has distinct clinical and histologic features. However, little is known about its genetic features. In this study, we examined the genes expressed by SNK-6 and SNT-8 cells, which were established from nasal NK/T-cell lymphomas, and found that interleukin (IL)-9 was specifically expressed in these two cell lines. Experimental Design: cDNA array was used to examine the genes expressed by SNK-6 and SNT-8 cells. Expression of IL-9 and IL-9 receptor was investigated by reverse transcription-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Cell growth was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Immunohistologic staining and ELISA were used to examine IL-9 expression in biopsies and sera from patients, respectively. Results: In cDNA array, expression of IL-9 mRNA was much higher in SNK-6 and SNT-8 cells than in NK-92 cells from non-nasal NK-cell lymphoma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers. Furthermore, IL-9 was specifically expressed by SNK-6 and SNT-8 cells but not by other NK-cell, NK-like T-cell, and T-cell lymphoma/leukemia cell lines. IL-9 receptor was also expressed on the surfaces of SNK-6 and SNT-8 cells. An IL-9-neutralizing antibody inhibited the growth of these two cell lines, whereas recombinant human IL-9 enhanced their growth. Most significantly, IL-9 was present in biopsies and sera from patients with this lymphoma. Conclusions: These results suggest that IL-9 plays an important role in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma possibly via an autocrine mechanism.
Higher impact, wider influence
Authors: W. K. A. Yung
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

The editors and staff of Neuro-Oncology are thrilled to announce that the journal's Impact Factor has increased yet again, from 5.723 to an impressive 6.180 for 2012. The journal is now ranked 9th of 191 clinical neurology journals (top 5%) and 24th of 196 oncology journals (top 12%).


The Impact Factor, a metric used to assess journal quality, is calculated by dividing the number of articles published in the previous two years into the number of citations of those articles in the reported year (ie, the 2012 number was determined by dividing the number of 2012 citations of articles published in 2010 and 2011 by the total number of articles published in 2010 and 2011). The Impact Factor is published annually by Thomson Reuters in Journal Citation Reports. 






Neuro-Oncology has undergone several changes since it was founded in 1997, most in only the past few years—its publication frequency increased to bi-monthly in 2008 and monthly in 2010, and it changed publishers to Oxford University Press. Throughout, we have maintained our commitment to publishing only the most significant research in the field, with an acceptance rate of about 18%–20%. A high submission rate has allowed us to increase the number of articles published in each issue by about the same rate. We are reviewing, accepting, and publishing more papers than ever before, and as illustrated by our 2012 Impact Factor, those papers are being read and cited more than ever before, as well.

Of course, we could not have succeeded without the tireless efforts of the journal's authors, reviewers, and editors over the past year. We look forward to working with them to ensure that Neuro-Oncology remains the top journal in its field.
A Coevolutionary Arms Race between Hosts and Viruses Drives Polymorphism and Polygenicity of NK Cell Receptors
Authors: Paola Carrillo-Bustamante, Can Keşmir, Rob J. de Boer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) monitor the expression of major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) and stress molecules to detect unhealthy tissue, such as infected or tumor cells. The NKR gene family shows a remarkable genetic diversity, containing several genes encoding receptors with activating and inhibiting signaling, and varying in gene content and allelic polymorphism. The expansion of the NKR genes is species-specific, with different species evolving alternative expanded NKR genes, which encode structurally different proteins, yet perform comparable functions. So far, the biological function of this expansion within the NKR cluster has remained poorly understood. To study the evolution of NKRs, we have developed an agent-based model implementing a coevolutionary scenario between hosts and herpes-like viruses that are able to evade the immune response by downregulating the expression of MHC-I on the cell surface. We show that hosts evolve specific inhibitory NKRs, specialized to particular MHC-I alleles in the population. Viruses in our simulations readily evolve proteins mimicking the MHC molecules of their host, even in the absence of MHC-I downregulation. As a result, the NKR locus becomes polygenic and polymorphic, encoding both specific inhibiting and activating receptors to optimally protect the hosts from coevolving viruses.
Borderline Personality Disorder, Impulsivity, and the Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Heather A. Berlin, Edmund T. Rolls, Susan D. Iversen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

Orbitofrontal cortex lesions produce disinhibited or socially inappropriate behavior and emotional irregularities. Characteristics of borderline personality disorder include impulsivity and affective instability. The authors investigated whether aspects of borderline personality disorder, in particular impulsivity, are associated with orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction.Measures of personality, emotion, impulsivity, time perception, sensitivity to reinforcers, and spatial working memory were administered to patients with borderline personality disorder (N=19), patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (N=23), patients with lesions in the prefrontal cortex but not in the orbitofrontal cortex (N=20), and healthy comparison subjects (N=39).The patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions and the patients with borderline personality disorder performed similarly on several measures. Both groups were more impulsive and reported more inappropriate behaviors, borderline personality disorder characteristics, and anger and less happiness than the two comparison groups, and both groups were less open to experience and had a faster perception of time (underproduced time) than the healthy comparison subjects. The patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions and the borderline personality disorder patients performed differently on other measures. The borderline personality disorder patients were less extraverted and conscientious and more neurotic and emotional than all other groups. Patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions had deficits in reversing stimulus-reinforcer associations and a faster perception of time (overestimated time) than the healthy comparison subjects.Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction may contribute to some core characteristics of borderline personality disorder, in particular impulsivity. Other characteristics of borderline personality disorder, such as high levels of emotionality and personality irregularities, do not appear to be related to the type of dysfunction produced by orbitofrontal cortex damage. The similarities and differences found between the borderline personality disorder patients and the patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions may lead to a better understanding of the etiology of borderline personality disorder and the functions of the orbitofrontal cortex.
Randomized Study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie Ovarian Cancer Study Group Comparing Quality of Life in Patients With Ovarian Cancer Treated With Cisplatin/Paclitaxel Versus Carboplatin/Paclitaxel
Authors: Elfriede R. Greimel, Vesna Bjelic-Radisic, Jacobus Pfisterer, Felix Hilpert, Fedor Daghofer, Andreas du Bois
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose The objective of this study was to compare the quality of life (QoL) of ovarian cancer patients treated with paclitaxel/carboplatin (TC) versus paclitaxel/cisplatin (PT) and to determine the impact of treatment toxicity on the various QoL domains. Patients and Methods In this phase III trial, 798 patients with ovarian cancer stages IIB-IV were randomly assigned to receive TC or PT. The primary end point was progression-free survival; secondary end points included toxicity, QoL, and response to treatment. Patients completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 before treatment, within 3 days before the second and the fourth chemotherapy cycle, and 3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy. Results Previously reported data showed that patients undergoing TC or PT did not differ in progression-free survival and overall survival. However, the TC arm was superior, indicating a better overall QoL compared with the PT arm. Controlling for toxicity and age, a significant treatment by assessment time interaction was found for four QoL functioning scales and three symptoms scales. Patients in the TC arm showed better means scores after treatment on overall QoL (P = .012), physical functioning (P = .012), role functioning (P = .005), and cognitive functioning (P = .024), compared with the PT arm. Concerning symptom experience, patients undergoing TC showed less nausea and vomiting (P &lt; .001), less appetite loss (P &lt; .001), and less fatigue (P = .033) after completion of treatment compared with patients undergoing PT. Conclusion The TC regimen achieved better QoL outcomes compared with the PT regimen. Thus, clinicians may consider replacing cisplatin with carboplatin when treating ovarian cancer patients with chemotherapy.
Do knee abnormalities visualised on MRI explain knee pain in knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review
Authors: E. Yusuf, M. C. Kortekaas, I. Watt, T. W. J. Huizinga, M. Kloppenburg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> To systematically evaluate the association between MRI findings (cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions (BML), osteophytes, meniscal lesion, effusion/synovitis, ligamentous abnormalities, subchondral cysts and bone attrition) and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in order to establish the relevance of such findings when assessing an individual patient. <h3>Methods</h3> The Medline, Web of Science, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing &amp; Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases up to March 2010 were searched without language restriction to find publications with data on the association between MRI findings of knee OA (exposure of interest) and knee pain (outcome). The quality of included papers was scored using a predefined criteria set. The levels of evidence were determined qualitatively using best evidence synthesis (based on guidelines on systematic review from the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group). Five levels of evidence were used: strong, moderate, limited, conflicting and no evidence. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 22 papers were included; 5 had longitudinal and 17 cross-sectional data. In all, 13 reported a single MRI finding and 9 multiple MRI findings. Moderate levels of evidence were found for BML and effusion/synovitis. The OR for BML ranged from 2.0 (no CI was given) to 5.0 (2.4 to 10.5). The OR of having pain when effusion/synovitis was present ranged between 3.2 (1.04 to 5.3) and 10.0 (1.1 to 149). The level of evidences between other MRI findings and pain were limited or conflicting. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Knee pain in OA is associated with BML and effusion/synovitis suggesting that these features may indicate the origin of pain in knee OA. However, due to the moderate level of evidence these features need to be explored further.
GRAFT-<i>VERSUS</i>-HOST REACTION ACROSS DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE <i>H</i>-2 COMPLEX OF THE MOUSE
Authors: Jan Klein, Jong M. Park
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

H-2 crossovers and their parental strains were arranged into 35 combinations in which the adult donor of spleen cells differed from the newborn recipient in the whole H-2 complex, or in three, two, or one region of the complex. A Simonsen splenomegaly assay was then used to test the contribution of the individual H-2 regions to the graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). It was shown that the strongest GVHR was associated with the Ir region. Differences in the Ir region caused significant splenomegaly in spite of the fact that no antigens detectable by conventional serological methods have thus far been associated with this region. Differences in the K and D regions showed only a borderline effect on GVHR in spite of the fact that these regions code for most, if not all, of the antigens detectable by conventional serological and transplantation methods. The K region alone caused no stronger GVHR than the D legion alone; however, K + Ir region differences led to much stronger GVHR than D region differences. The Ss-Slp region also showed only a borderline effect on GVHR. Differences in two or more H-2 regions usually caused greater splenomegaly than differences in each of the regions separately. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that the strongest GVHR is caused by genes distinct from the known histocompatibility genes of the H-2 complex. It is speculated that the GVHR genes are identical with the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and Ir genes and that the product of these genes are receptors on the surface of the thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells).
Insights into G Protein Structure, Function, and Regulation
Authors: Theresa M. Cabrera-Vera, Jurgen Vanhauwe, Tarita O. Thomas, Martina Medkova, Anita Preininger, Maria R. Mazzoni, Heidi E. Hamm
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2003)

In multicellular organisms from Caenorhabditis elegans to Homo sapiens, the maintenance of homeostasis is dependent on the continual flow and processing of information through a complex network of cells. Moreover, in order for the organism to respond to an ever-changing environment, intercellular signals must be transduced, amplified, and ultimately converted to the appropriate physiological response. The resolution of the molecular events underlying signal response and integration forms the basis of the signal transduction field of research. An evolutionarily highly conserved group of molecules known as heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are key determinants of the specificity and temporal characteristics of many signaling processes and are the topic of this review. Numerous hormones, neurotransmitters, chemokines, local mediators, and sensory stimuli exert their effects on cells by binding to heptahelical membrane receptors coupled to heterotrimeric G proteins. These highly specialized transducers can modulate the activity of multiple signaling pathways leading to diverse biological responses. In vivo, specific combinations of Gα- and Gβγ-subunits are likely required for connecting individual receptors to signaling pathways. The structural determinants of receptor-G protein-effector specificity are not completely understood and, in addition to involving interaction domains of these primary acting proteins, also require the participation of scaffolding and regulatory proteins.
Generation of autologous cytotoxic and helper T-cell responses against the B-cell leukemia–associated antigen HB-1: relevance for precursor B-ALL–specific immunotherapy
Authors: Björn de Rijke, Hanny Fredrix, Agnes Zoetbrood, Frank Scherpen, Henry Witteveen, Theo de Witte, Elly van de Wiel-van Kemenade, Harry Dolstra
Journal: Blood (2003)
Post-partum Retinal Arterial Obstruction with Hemiplegia
Authors: A. M. W. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1940)

Cases of retinal arterial obstruction following the termination of pregnancy have been recorded, but the association of contralateral hemiplegia with the obstruction is, I think, rare enough to warrant publicatiQn of the following case. Case HistoryA married woman aged 33 was admitted to the Glasgow Royal Maternity and Women's Hospital on May 29, 1939, following accidental haemorrhage occurring in the seventh month of her pregnancy.This was the patient's eighth
What To Do About Occult Metastases in Breast Cancer? Standards Shift, but Doubts Linger
Authors: C. Schmidt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

article in the American Journal of Surgical Pathology that argued against digging too deeply for breast cancer metastases in the sentinel lymph nodes.In all likelihood, claimed Weaver, a pathologist and professor at the University of Vermont College of Medicine, life-threatening macrometastases will be detected in 2-mm slices of nodal tissue examined with traditional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.Occult micrometastases hidden away in thinner tissue slices, he wrote, don't produce adverse outcomes, so efforts to find them aren't a good use of medical resources.To bolster his position, Weaver cited data from the John Wayne Cancer Institute in Santa Monica, Calif.Among nearly 700 patients that John Wayne researchers monitored, only macrometastases larger than 2mm affected the 5-year diseasefree survival rate, which was 75.2% among women who had them compared with 95.1% among women who didn't.Micrometastases smaller than 2mm, however, had virtually no effect on the measure.Among women who either did or did not harbor these smaller tumor clumps, 5-year disease-free survival rates were nearly identical, both exceeding 95%.