tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy with adverse pregnancy outcomes: A prospective population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Victoria Geenes, Lucy C. Chappell, Paul T. Seed, Philip J. Steer, Marian Knight, Catherine Williamson
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disease, characterized by maternal pruritus and raised serum bile acids. Our objectives were to describe the epidemiology and pregnancy complications associated with severe ICP and to test the hypothesis that adverse perinatal outcomes are increased in these women. A prospective population-based case-control study with national coverage was undertaken using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS). Control data for comparison were obtained from women with healthy pregnancy outcome through UKOSS (n = 2,232), St Mary's Maternity Information System (n = 554,319), and Office for National Statistics (n = 668,195). The main outcome measures investigated were preterm delivery, stillbirth, and neonatal unit admission. In all, 713 confirmed cases of severe ICP were identified, giving an estimated incidence of 9.2 per 10,000 maternities. Women with severe ICP and a singleton pregnancy (n = 669) had increased risks of preterm delivery (164/664; 25% versus 144/2200; 6.5%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.17 to 6.98), neonatal unit admission (80/654; 12% versus 123/2192; 5.6%; adjusted OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.97 to 3.65), and stillbirth (10/664; 1.5% versus 11/2205; 0.5%; adjusted OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.03 to 6.49) compared to controls. Seven of 10 stillbirths in ICP cases were associated with coexisting pregnancy complications. These differences remained significant against national data. Risks of preterm delivery, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and stillbirth rose with increasing maternal serum bile acid concentrations. In the largest prospective cohort study in severe ICP to date, we demonstrate significant increased risks of adverse perinatal outcomes, including stillbirth. Our findings support the case for close antenatal monitoring of pregnancies affected by severe ICP.
Diabetic Subjects Diagnosed Through the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) Are Often Asymptomatic With Normal A1C at Diabetes Onset
Authors: Taylor M. Triolo, H. Peter Chase, Jennifer M. Barker
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Upon diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, patients are usually symptomatic, and many have ketoacidosis. Screening for islet autoantibodies (IAs) has been shown to decrease A1C level and rate of hospitalization at diabetes onset. Metabolic tests and the presence of symptoms were described at diabetes onset during the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1).The DPT-1 screened relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes for islet cell autoantiobodies (ICAs). Those with positive ICAs had intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs and OGTTs) and were randomized into one of two prevention trials. Throughout the DPT-1 parenteral and oral insulin study, 246 people were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.Of the 246 subjects diagnosed with diabetes, 218 had data regarding the presence of symptoms, and 138 (63.3%) reported no symptoms suggestive of diabetes. Eight subjects (3.67%) presented with ketosis. Subjects presented with a mean +/- SD A1C of 6.41 +/- 1.15%. At diagnosis, 90 subjects (50.8%) had A1C in the normal range (<6.2%). OGTT data at the time of diagnosis indicate that 35.4% had a glucose result of <100 mg/dl at 0 min.The majority of subjects diagnosed with type 1 diabetes through the DPT-1 were asymptomatic at onset and had normal fasting glucose and A1C levels. This suggests that intermittent screening (IA followed by OGTT) may allow diagnosis of diabetes before severe metabolic decompensation. Screening with A1C will miss identifying many of the subjects with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in this cohort.
Expression-Based Discovery of Variation in the Human Glutathione <i>S</i>-Transferase M3 Promoter and Functional Analysis in a Glioma Cell Line Using Allele-Specific Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Authors: Xuemei Liu, Michelle R. Campbell, Gary S. Pittman, Eric C. Faulkner, Mary A. Watson, Douglas A. Bell
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Discovery and functional evaluation of biologically significant regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in carcinogen metabolism genes is a difficult challenge because the phenotypic consequences may be both transient and subtle. We have used a gene expression screening approach to identify a functional regulatory SNP in glutathione S-transferase M3 (GSTM3). Anttila et al. proposed that variation in GSTM3 expression was affected by exposure to cigarette smoke and inheritance of the GSTM1-null genotype. To investigate the mechanism of GSTM3 expression was affected by exposure to cigarette smoke and inheritance of the GSTM1-null genotype. To investigate the mechanism of GSTM3 expression variation, we measured GSTM3 expression in lymphoblast cells from a human Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain family and observed a low expression phenotype. Promoter sequencing revealed two novel GSTM3 promoter SNPs: A/C and A/G SNPs, 63 and 783 bp upstream of the codon 1 start site, respectively. In this pedigree, the two children homozygous for the -63C/C genotype had 8-fold lower GSTM3 expression relative to the two children with the -63A/A genotype, with no association between A-783G SNP and GSTM3 expression. Further evaluation using genotyped glioma cell lines and with luciferase reporter constructs showed that the -63C allele was associated with lower GSTM3 expression (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.003). RNA pol II chromatin immunoprecipitation was combined with quantitative probed-based allelic discrimination genotyping to provide direct evidence of a 9-fold reduced RNA pol II binding capacity for the -63C allele. These results show that the GSTM3 -63C allele strongly affects gene expression in human cell lines and suggests that individuals who carry the low expression allele may be deficient in glutathione transferase catalyzed biological functions.
Neonatal Characteristics in Rapidly Progressive Perinatally Acquired HIV-1 Disease
Authors: M J Mayaux, M Burgard, J P Teglas, J Cottalorda, A Krivine, F Simon, J Puel, C Tamalet, D Dormont, B Masquelier, A Doussin, C Rouzioux, S Blanche
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To identify clinical and laboratory parameters at birth that are associated with the rapidly progressive form of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease in children born to infected mothers. <h3>Design.</h3> —Multicenter, prospective study of infants born to HIV-seropositive mothers. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A total of 62 obstetric and pediatric centers in France. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Of 1386 children born to HIV-1—seropositive mothers at least 18 months before the cutoff date, 267 were infected. Infection was defined as serological positivity at 18 months or death from HIV disease before this age. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Category C events (including opportunistic infections, recurrent severe bacterial infections, cancers, specific encephalopathy, and wasting syndrome) in the new pediatric Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification during the first year of life, according to clinical, immunological, and virological findings at birth. <h3>Results.</h3> —The risk of category C manifestations at 12 months was significantly higher when an infected newborn had liver and/or spleen enlargement and/or adenopathies (38.1% vs 15.1%; relative risk [RR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 6.0;<i>P</i>&lt;.02) or a low proportion (&lt;30%) of CD4<sup>+</sup>cells at birth (45.5% vs 15.0%; RR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 6.4;<i>P</i>&lt;.005). Similarly, HIV-1 culture and/or polymerase chain reaction positivity during the first week of life was associated with a higher risk of the early, severe form of HIV infection (26.4% vs 9.3%; RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.1;<i>P</i>&lt;.006). In case of positive antigenemia at birth, the risk was 50.0% vs 14.4% (RR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.9 to 6.2;<i>P</i>&lt;.001 ). These parameters, determined at birth, were strongly interrelated and could reflect active disease onset in utero in some cases of early, severe HIV-1 disease in childhood. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These prognostic markers, particularly virological parameters, are of value in monitoring children infected by HIV and might serve as a basis for early therapeutic intervention. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:606-610)
Might Cigarettes Be a “Smoking Gun” to Reduce Taxane Myelotoxicity?
Authors: Lionel D. Lewis, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

de Graan and colleagues report a retrospective study of the effects of cigarette smoking on taxane pharmacokinetics and myelosuppression. There was no difference in taxane pharmacokinetic clearance between smokers and nonsmokers. Further prospective studies of the effects of cigarette smoking on myelosuppression would be of interest.
Microfluidic Platforms for Single-Cell Analysis
Authors: Richard N. Zare, Samuel Kim
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2010)

Microfluidics, the study and control of the fluidic behavior in microstructures, has emerged as an important enabling tool for single-cell chemical analysis. The complex procedures for chemical cytometry experiments can be integrated into a single microfabricated device. The capability of handling a volume of liquid as small as picoliters can be utilized to manipulate cells, perform controlled cell lysis and chemical reactions, and efficiently minimize sample dilution after lysis. The separation modalities such as chromatography and electrophoresis within microchannels are incorporated to analyze various types of intracellular components quantitatively. The microfluidic approach offers a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective tool for single-cell biology. We present an overview of the recent developments in microfluidic technology for chemical-content analysis of individual cells.
Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors Among 2,313 Patients With Stage III Melanoma: Comparison of Nodal Micrometastases Versus Macrometastases
Authors: Charles M. Balch, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Seng-jaw Soong, John F. Thompson, Shouluan Ding, David R. Byrd, Natale Cascinelli, Alistair J. Cochran, Daniel G. Coit, Alexander M. Eggermont, Timothy Johnson, John M. Kirkwood, Stanley P. Leong, Kelly M. McMasters, Martin C. Mihm, Donald L. Morton, Merrick I. Ross, Vernon K. Sondak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

To determine the survival rates and independent predictors of survival using a contemporary international cohort of patients with stage III melanoma.
The diagnosis of heart failure in the community
Authors: Mauro Di Bari, Claudia Pozzi, Maria Chiara Cavallini, Francesca Innocenti, Giorgio Baldereschi, Walter De Alfieri, Enrico Antonini, Riccardo Pini, Giulio Masotti, Niccolò Marchionni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Regulation of Lipolysis in Adipocytes
Authors: Robin E. Duncan, Maryam Ahmadian, Kathy Jaworski, Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy, Hei Sook Sul
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2007)

Lipolysis of white adipose tissue triacylglycerol stores results in the liberation of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids that are released into the vasculature for use by other organs as energy substrates. In response to changes in nutritional state, lipolysis rates are precisely regulated through hormonal and biochemical signals. These signals modulate the activity of lipolytic enzymes and accessory proteins, allowing for maximal responsiveness of adipose tissue to changes in energy requirements and availability. Recently, a number of novel adipocyte triacylglyceride lipases have been identified, including desnutrin/ATGL, greatly expanding our understanding of adipocyte lipolysis. We have also begun to better appreciate the role of a number of nonenzymatic proteins that are critical to triacylglyceride breakdown. This review provides an overview of key mediators of lipolysis and the regulation of this process by changes in nutritional status and nutrient intakes.
Deletion of Laminin-8 Results in Increased Tumor Neovascularization and Metastasis in Mice
Authors: Zhongjun Zhou, Masayuki Doi, Jianming Wang, Renhai Cao, Baohua Liu, Kui Ming Chan, Jarkko Kortesmaa, Lydia Sorokin, Yihai Cao, Karl Tryggvason
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Laminin-8 (α4β1γ1) is one of the major laminin isoforms expressed in vascular endothelial basement membranes. Here we show that deletion of laminin-8 in mice affects angiogenesis under pathological conditions. Murine tumor models used in laminin α4-deficient mice results in hyperneovascularization and significant promotion of tumor growth and metastasis. The higher tumor growth rates in mutant mice correlate with decreased tumor cell apoptosis. Depletion of laminin α4 chain may alter the structure of vascular basement membranes, leading to increased angiogenesis. Our data suggest that the laminin-8 plays a critical role in the regulation of pathological angiogenesis.
Invasion of Liver Tissue by Tumor Cells and Leukocytes: Comparative Ultrastructure
Authors: K. P. Dingemans, E. Roos, M. A. van den Bergh Weerman, I. V. van de Pavert
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Invasion of Liver Tissue by Tumor Cells and Leukocytes: Comparative Ultrastructure Get access K. P. Dingemans, K. P. Dingemans Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. Roos, E. Roos Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. A. van den Bergh Weerman, M. A. van den Bergh Weerman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I. V. van de Pavert I. V. van de Pavert Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 3, March 1978, Pages 583–598, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.3.583 Published: 01 March 1978 Article history Received: 11 November 1976 Revision received: 24 August 1977 Accepted: 01 September 1977 Published: 01 March 1978
Raised plasma renin and prorenin in rheumatoid vasculitis.
Authors: M Boers, F C Breedveld, B A Dijkmans, P C Chang, P van Brummelen, F H Derkx, A Cats
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The value of plasma renin and its inactive precursor, prorenin, were examined as a marker for vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Plasma renin and prorenin rise when the renin-angiotensin system is activated; an isolated increase of prorenin may be a marker for microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Renin concentrations in plasma obtained from 34 patients with RA (seven with vasculitis, 27 controls) were measured under standard conditions, before and five days after stopping non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; creatinine clearance was also measured. At first the median renin concentration in the patients with vasculitis was 19 (range 12-63) mU/l (normal less than 61 mU/l) and in the controls 9 (3-43) mU/l. The median prorenin concentration in patients with vasculitis was 233 (144-428) mU/l (normal less than 358 mU/l) and in the controls 144 (25-364) mU/l. Renin and prorenin concentrations increased significantly in both groups after withdrawal of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The creatinine clearance was similar in both groups and did not correlate with renin concentrations. In conclusion, it was found that, unlike patients with diabetes mellitus, patients with RA with vasculitis had slightly raised concentrations of both renin and prorenin. These findings signal activation of the renin-angiotensin system and might indicate early cardiac or renal involvement by vasculitis.
Efficacy Trial of An Internet-Based Intervention for Cancer-Related Female Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Leslie R. Schover, Ying Yuan, Bryan M. Fellman, Evan Odensky, Pamela E. Lewis, Paul Martinetti
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

The recent NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship recommend systematic evaluation and multidisciplinary treatment of cancer-related sexual dysfunctions. However, most oncology professionals fail to routinely assess sexual problems and lack expertise to treat them. An Internet-based intervention was designed to educate female patients and their partners about cancer-related sexual problems, describe medical treatment options and how to find expert care, and provide self-help strategies. A randomized trial assessed efficacy of the intervention when used as self-help versus the same Web access and 3 supplemental counseling sessions. Survivors of localized breast or gynecologic cancers completed online questionnaires at baseline, posttreatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-up, including the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Menopausal Sexual Interest Questionnaire (MSIQ), the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) to assess emotional distress, and the Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors (QLACS) scale. Program evaluation ratings were completed posttreatment. Fifty-eight women completed baseline questionnaires (mean age, 53 ± 9 years). Drop-out rates were 22% during treatment and 34% at 6-month follow-up. Linear mixed models for each outcome across time showed improvement in total scores on the FSFI, MSIQ, and QLACS (P<.001) and BSI-18 (P=.001). The counseled group improved significantly more on sexuality measures, but changes in emotional distress and quality of life did not differ between groups. Program content and ease of use were rated positively. Research is needed on how best to integrate this intervention into routine clinical practice, and particularly how to improve uptake and adherence.
Plasma microRNAs serve as biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy and disease progression in hypertension‐induced heart failure
Authors: Brent A. Dickinson, Hillary M. Semus, Rusty L. Montgomery, Christianna Stack, Paul A. Latimer, Steven M. Lewton, Joshua M. Lynch, Thomas G. Hullinger, Anita G. Seto, Eva van Rooij
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Management of Infertility
Authors: M. Edward Davis
Journal: JAMA (1967)

One husband and wife among every ten are incapable of initiating pregnancy, and the reproductive efforts of another 10% of married couples are vitiated by repeated abortion. Inability to have children is thus a major problem in this country, and adequate care for the 3,500,000 infertile couples can be rendered only if family physicians participate in their management. Accordingly, it seems fitting to describe the consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of infertility, in the hope that generalists will be prompted to interest themselves in this challenging sector of medical practice. <h3>Terminology: Infertility and Sterility</h3> In current usage, "infertility" denotes the inability of a husband and wife to procreate. The condition is considered "primary" if no children have been produced and "secondary" if it arises after the birth of a viable offspring. "Sterility" is usually reserved to describe the state of a person whose reproductive incapability has been judged irreversibile.
Benefit of Consolidative Radiation Therapy in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With R-CHOP Chemotherapy
Authors: Jack Phan, Ali Mazloom, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Tony G. Zreik, Christine Wogan, Ferial Shihadeh, Maria Alma Rodriguez, Luis Fayad, Nathan Fowler, Valerie Reed, Patrecia Horace, Bouthaina Shbib Dabaja
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

The current standard therapy for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). The role of consolidative radiation therapy (RT) in the setting of R-CHOP chemotherapy is not well reported. This retrospective analysis is an attempt to clarify this role.Subjects were 469 patients with histologically confirmed DLBCL treated between January 2001 and December 2007. Variables including age, sex, Ann Arbor disease stage, bulky disease status, standardized uptake values (SUVs) on positron emission tomography (PET), International Prognostic Index (IPI), and Ki67 staining (proliferation).Of 469 patients, 190 (40.5%) had stage I or II disease and 279 (59.5%) had stage III or IV disease, 327 (70%) had at least six cycles of R-CHOP, and 142 (30.2%) had involved-field RT (dose, 30 to 39.6 Gy) after complete response to chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 36 months (range, 8 to 85 months). Multivariate analysis showed that RT (P < .0001), IPI score (P = .001), response to therapy (P = .001), use of six to eight cycles of R-CHOP (P < .001), and combined presence (P = .006) or absence (P = .025) of high Ki67, high PET SUV, and bulky disease influenced overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Matched-pair analyses of patients who received six to eight cycles of R-CHOP with stage I or II disease (44 pairs) and all stages (74 pairs) indicated that RT improved OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52 and 0.29, respectively) and PFS (HR, 0.45 and 0.24, respectively) compared with no RT.This study showed significant improvements in OS and PFS among patients who received consolidation RT after R-CHOP chemotherapy for DLBCL.
CUTANEOUS MAST-CELL TUMOURS IN THE DOG, CAT AND OX
Authors: K. W. HEAD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article CUTANEOUS MAST‐CELL TUMOURS IN THE DOG, CAT AND OX Get access K. W. HEAD K. W. HEAD Department of Veterinary Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 11, 1 November 1958, Pages 389–408, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13802.x Published: 01 November 1958
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis and necrolytic acral erythema in patients with hepatitis C infection: Do viral load and viral genotype play a role?
Authors: Mohammad A. El-Darouti, Heba M. Mashaly, Eman El-Nabarawy, Amal M. Eissa, Mona R.E. Abdel-Halim, Marwa M.T. Fawzi, Nermine H. El-Eishi, Sherine O. Tawfik, Naglaa S. Zaki, Anoud Z. Zidan, Marwa Fawzi, Mohammad Abdelaziz, Mai M.T. Fawzi, Olfat G. Shaker
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Molecular analysis of T cell receptor beta variability in a patient with orofacial granulomatosis.
Authors: S H Lim, P Stephens, Q X Cao, S Coleman, D W Thomas
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown causation and is characterised histologically by non-caseating granulomas and aggregates of small lymphocytes. The molecular nature of these T cells is, however, unclear. AIMS: To determine the T cell receptor (TCR) V beta gene usage of the T cell infiltrate associated with the primary lesions in a patient with OFG. METHODS: A molecular method involving reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA cloning, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), length analysis, and nucleotide sequencing was used. RESULTS: Compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same patient, notably restricted TCRV beta gene usage was observed in the T cell infiltrate. Only three of the 24 major TCRV beta gene families were represented in the repertoire. There was preferential usage of the V beta 6 gene. In addition, more than 20% of the V beta 6 TCR transcripts exhibited an identical unique V-D-J junctional sequence, suggesting a local antigen driven V beta 6 T cell clonal expansion in vivo, a phenomenon not observed in normal oral mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: The TCRV beta repertoire of T cells associated with OFG is restricted. It is also associated with a local T cell clonal expansion. The results, therefore, provide a new perspective on the immunopathology of OFG.