tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Evidence for the Expression of Horizontally Transferred Algal Nuclear Genes in the Photosynthetic Sea Slug, Elysia chlorotica
Authors: Sidney K. Pierce, Xiaodong Fang, Julie A. Schwartz, Xuanting Jiang, Wei Zhao, Nicholas E. Curtis, Kevin M. Kocot, Bicheng Yang, Jian Wang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Analysis of the transcriptome of the kleptoplastic sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, has revealed the presence of at least 101 chloroplast-encoded gene sequences and 111 transcripts matching 52 nuclear-encoded genes from the chloroplast donor, Vaucheria litorea. These data clearly show that the symbiotic chloroplasts are translationally active and, of even more interest, that a variety of functional algal genes have been transferred into the slug genome, as has been suggested by earlier indirect experiments. Both the chloroplast- and nuclear-encoded sequences were rare within the E. chlorotica transcriptome, suggesting that their copy numbers and synthesis rates are low, and required both a large amount of sequence data and native algal sequences to find. These results show that the symbiotic chloroplasts residing inside the host molluscan cell are maintained by an interaction of both organellar and host biochemistry directed by the presence of transferred genes.
Benralizumab, an anti-interleukin 5 receptor α monoclonal antibody, versus placebo for uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma: a phase 2b randomised dose-ranging study
Authors: Mario Castro, Sally E Wenzel, Eugene R Bleecker, Emilio Pizzichini, Piotr Kuna, William W Busse, David L Gossage, Christine K Ward, Yanping Wu, Bing Wang, Deepak B Khatry, René van der Merwe, Roland Kolbeck, Nestor A Molfino, Donald G Raible
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2014)
Effects of Hypothermia and Pronethalol on Ionic Correlates of Ouabain Arrhythmias in Dogs
Authors: S. B. EI-FIKY, B. G. KATZUNG
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

The ionic basis of ventricular arrhythmias induced by a cardiac glycoside was studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. The effects of ouabain alone and in combination with hypothermia or pronethalol on myocardial and plasma Na + and K + were determined. Hypothermia (26°C) and pronethalol (15 mg/kg, iv) had similar effects on the standard lead II of the EGG, i.e., a decrease in heart rate and increases in P-R, QRS, and Q-T intervals. In the absence of ouabain, hypothermia and pronethalol each produced small and inconsistent changes in intracellular Na + and K + concentrations. Both hypothermia and pronethalol were found to significantly increase the threshold toxic dose of ouabain required to produce a ventricular arrhythmia within the test period of 90 minutes. Both pronethalol and hypothermia effectively prevented ouabaininduced changes in myocardial Na + and K + when arrhythmias were prevented. When sufficient ouabain was given to produce an arrhythmia, there was always a significant fall inmyocardial K + . In unprotected and in hypothermic animals, these arrhythmias were also associated with a significant increase in left ventricular Na + . The effect of ouabain on Na + was not significant in pronethalol-treated dogs.
II. RENAL FUNCTION INFLUENCED BY PROTEOSE INTOXICATION
Authors: Irvine McQuarrie, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

The injection of the toxic proteose obtained from the contents of the obstructed small intestine causes a definite impairment of the eliminative function of the kidneys as shown by a decreased capacity to excrete urea, sodium chloride, and phenolsulfonephthalein. This involvement of the renal function is similar to that shown by the preceding report (1) to accompany the intoxication of intestinal obstruction. The observed depression of function is readily demonstrable even when large amounts of fluid and urea, dye, or salt are injected directly into the blood stream. There is in all probability a temporary injury of the kidney cells, since the most important extrarenal factors have been largely eliminated in the above experiments. There is no appreciable impairment of the renal function following the injection of a number of other proteose preparations from a variety of sources. This study affords new evidence in favor of the view that the function of an organ can be profoundly disturbed for a time without any demonstrable anatomical lesions. The repair of this type of injury promptly follows the disappearance of the intoxication and is functionally and anatomically perfect.
Thrombosis-related complications and mortality in cancer patients with central venous devices: an observational study on the effect of antithrombotic prophylaxis
Authors: D. Fagnani, R. Franchi, C. Porta, P. Pugliese, K. Borgonovo, A. Bertolini, M. Duro, A. Ardizzoia, V. Filipazzi, L. Isa, C. Vergani, M. Milani, C. Cimminiello
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Sex differences in self-reported symptoms after aerobic exercise in non-injured athletes: implications for concussion management programmes
Authors: M B Gaetz, G L Iverson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

After a concussion, when symptoms have decreased substantially at rest, it is recommended that athletes begin light aerobic exercise before progressing to sport specific exercise. The British Columbia Concussion Rehabilitation Programme (BC-CRP) uses a standardized cognitive and exercise test protocol designed to indicate when an athlete should progress to sport-specific exercise after a concussion.To document the effects of exercise on symptom reporting in healthy, uninjured, male and female amateur athletes.Quasi-experimental, pretest-post-test, nonequivalent groups design.Before the exercise protocol, 45 female and 30 male young amateur athletes completed computerized cognitive testing, symptom ratings and balance testing. The 15-minute cycle ergometry protocol, conducted at 90 revolutions/minute, was as follows: 0-2 minutes at 0 W tension, 2-5 minutes at 50 W, 5-8 minutes at 100 W, 8-11 minutes at 150 W and 11-14 minutes at 200 W tension followed by a 1-minute cooling-down period. After exercise, participants completed symptom ratings, balance testing and perceived exertion ratings. Self-reported symptoms were assessed using an abbreviated version of the Post-Concussion Scale.Significant increases in self-reported balance problems, numbness and tingling were seen for both genders after aerobic exercise. For women, emotional symptoms such as irritability, sadness, nervousness and feeling more emotional decreased significantly after aerobic exercise. Headache also decreased in the women, but no significant change was seen in the men.Sex differences exist for symptom reporting after aerobic exercise. Both genders report increases in somatic symptoms, but only women report decreases in emotional symptoms. The concept of being "asymptomatic" after exercise should be reconsidered to include expected mild increases and decreases in certain symptoms.
Injury surveillance in a rugby tournament.
Authors: M Wekesa, J M Asembo, W W Njororai
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

To investigate injuries in international rugby football.All injuries that led to temporary stoppage of the game or to the substitution of a player during the Rugby World Cup prequalifying tournament were recorded. Six matches were played, involving the Arabian Gulf, Kenya, Namibia, and Zimbabwe.47 injuries were recorded, giving an injury rate of eight per match. The number of injuries decreased from 38.3% in the first matches to 23.4% in the final ones. The most serious injury was a concussion and the majority of the injuries affected soft tissues. Anatomically, the lower limbs suffered most injuries (46.8%), followed by the head (21.3%), trunk (17.0%), and upper limbs (12.8%). Slightly more injuries occurred in the defensive half of the field of play (53.2%) than in the offensive half (46.8%). More injuries occurred in the second half (61.7%) than in the first half (38.3%).Protective equipment should be introduced to minimise the number and seriousness of injuries in rugby.
Epigenetic reprogramming of breast cancer cells with oocyte extracts
Authors: Cinzia Allegrucci, Michael D Rushton, James E Dixon, Virginie Sottile, Mansi Shah, Rajendra Kumari, Sue Watson, Ramiro Alberio, Andrew D Johnson
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Breast cancer is a disease characterised by both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressor genes is an early event in breast carcinogenesis and reversion of gene silencing by epigenetic reprogramming can provide clues to the mechanisms responsible for tumour initiation and progression. In this study we apply the reprogramming capacity of oocytes to cancer cells in order to study breast oncogenesis. We show that breast cancer cells can be directly reprogrammed by amphibian oocyte extracts. The reprogramming effect, after six hours of treatment, in the absence of DNA replication, includes DNA demethylation and removal of repressive histone marks at the promoters of tumour suppressor genes; also, expression of the silenced genes is re-activated in response to treatment. This activity is specific to oocytes as it is not elicited by extracts from ovulated eggs, and is present at very limited levels in extracts from mouse embryonic stem cells. Epigenetic reprogramming in oocyte extracts results in reduction of cancer cell growth under anchorage independent conditions and a reduction in tumour growth in mouse xenografts. This study presents a new method to investigate tumour reversion by epigenetic reprogramming. After testing extracts from different sources, we found that axolotl oocyte extracts possess superior reprogramming ability, which reverses epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressor genes and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells in a mouse xenograft model. Therefore this system can be extremely valuable for dissecting the mechanisms involved in tumour suppressor gene silencing and identifying molecular activities capable of arresting tumour growth. These applications can ultimately shed light on the contribution of epigenetic alterations in breast cancer and advance the development of epigenetic therapies.
Increased Risk of Arrhythmic Events in Long-QT Syndrome With Mutations in the Pore Region of the Human Ether-a-go-go–Related Gene Potassium Channel
Authors: Arthur J. Moss, Wojciech Zareba, Elizabeth S. Kaufman, Eric Gartman, Derick R. Peterson, Jesaia Benhorin, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Mark T. Keating, Silvia G. Priori, Peter J. Schwartz, G. Michael Vincent, Jennifer L. Robinson, Mark L. Andrews, Changyong Feng, W. Jackson Hall, Aharon Medina, Li Zhang, Zhiqing Wang
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The hereditary long-QT syndrome is characterized by prolonged ventricular repolarization and a variable clinical course with arrhythmia-related syncope and sudden death. Mutations involving the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) channel are responsible for the LQT2 form of long-QT syndrome, and in cellular expression studies these mutations are associated with reduction in the rapid component of the delayed rectifier repolarizing current (I(Kr)). We investigated the clinical features and prognostic implications of mutations involving pore and nonpore regions of the HERG channel in the LQT2 form of this disorder.A total of 44 different HERG mutations were identified in 201 subjects, with 14 mutations located in the pore region (amino acid residues 550 through 650). Thirty-five subjects had mutations in the pore region and 166 in nonpore regions. Follow-up extended through age 40 years. Subjects with pore mutations had more severe clinical manifestations of the genetic disorder and experienced a higher frequency (74% versus 35%; P<0.001) of arrhythmia-related cardiac events occurring at earlier age than did subjects with nonpore mutations. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that pore mutations dominated the risk, with hazard ratios in the range of 11 (P<0.0001) for QTc at 500 ms, with a 16% increase in the pore hazard ratio for each 10-ms increase in QTc.Patients with mutations in the pore region of the HERG gene are at markedly increased risk for arrhythmia-related cardiac events compared with patients with nonpore mutations.
Anti-idiotype sera raised against surface immunoglobulin of human neoplastic lymphocytes.
Authors: D W Hough, R P Eady, T J Hamblin, F K Stevenson, G T Stevenson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The idiotypic determinants of surface immunoglobulins on B-cell lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemias represent tumor-specific antigens, individually unique for each tumor. As such they have both diagnostic and therapeutic potential, particularly for those neoplasms with no serum monoclonal immunoglobulin arising from synthesis of the protein for export. We describe the raising in animals of anti-idiotype sera directed against two examples of a nonexporting neoplasm, human chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The procedure involves exposing the cells to papain so as to remove the Fab fragments (containing the idiotypic determinants) from the surface immunoglobulin, recovering the Fab on cellulose immunosorbent particles, and immunizing animals with the immunosorbent-Fab complex.
The Effect of Fructose on Renal Biology and Disease
Authors: Richard J. Johnson, L. Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada, Takahiko Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Dietary fructose intake is increasing. It is increasing primarily from added sugars, including sucrose and high fructose corn syrup, and correlates epidemiologically with the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypertension worldwide. The administration of fructose to animals and humans increases BP and the development of metabolic syndrome. These changes occur independently of caloric intake because of the effect of fructose on ATP depletion and uric acid generation. Fructose ingestion may also be a risk factor for kidney disease that includes glomerular hypertension, renal inflammation, and tubulointerstitial injury in animals. We suggest excessive fructose intake should be considered an environmental toxin with major health implications.
Large-Scale Sources of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: David I. Gottlieb
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2002)

▪ Abstract Large-scale sources of neural stem cells are crucial for both basic research and novel approaches toward treating neurological disorders. Three sources that produce neural cells closely resembling their normal counterparts are now available: oncogene immortalized stem cells, neurospheres, and embryonic stem cell (ES)-derived neural cells. Cells including multiple subtypes of CNS and PNS neurons, as well as oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and astrocytes, are modeled by these large-scale sources. Although most cell lines were originally from rodents, their human counterparts are being discovered and characterized.
Predictive value of clinical features for the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: PC Deegan, WT McNicholas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The advantage of being a National Referral Centre for patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was used to seek clinical factors predictive of OSA, and thus determine if the number of polysomnography tests required could be reduced. Patients were mainly primary referrals, from an island population of 3.5 million. Two hundred and fifty consecutive patients underwent clinical assessment, full polysomnography, and a detailed self-administered questionnaire. This represents one of the largest European studies, so far, utilizing full polysomnography. Fifty four percent (n = 134) had polysomnographic evidence of OSA (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) > or = 15 events.h-1 sleep). Patients with OSA were more likely to be male, and had a significantly greater prevalence of habitual snoring, sleeping supine, wakening with heartburn, and dozing whilst driving. Alcohol intake, age and body mass index (BMI) were significant independent correlates of AHI. After controlling for BMI and age, waist circumference correlated more closely with AHI than neck circumference among males, while the opposite was true among females. No single factor was usefully predictive of obstructive sleep apnoea. However, combining clinical features and oximetry data, where appropriate, approximately one third of patients could be confidently designated as having obstructive sleep apnoea or not. The remaining two thirds of patients would still require more detailed sleep studies, such as full polysomnography, to reach a confident diagnosis.
A phase II trial of erlotinib in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas and nonprogressive glioblastoma multiforme postradiation therapy
Authors: J. J. Raizer, L. E. Abrey, A. B. Lassman, S. M. Chang, K. R. Lamborn, J. G. Kuhn, W.K. A. Yung, M. R. Gilbert, K. A. Aldape, P. Y. Wen, H. A. Fine, M. Mehta, L. M. DeAngelis, F. Lieberman, T. F. Cloughesy, H. I. Robins, J. Dancey, M. D. Prados
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2009)

Patients with (a) recurrent malignant glioma (MG): glioblastoma (GBM) or recurrent anaplastic glioma (AG), and (b) nonprogressive (NP) GBM following radiation therapy (RT) were eligible. Primary objective for recurrent MG was progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS-6) and overall survival at 12 months for NP GBM post-RT. Secondary objectives for recurrent MGs were response, survival, assessment of toxicity, and pharmacokinetics (PKs). Treatment with enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs was not allowed. Patients received 150 mg/day erlotinib. Patients requiring surgery were treated 7 days prior to tumor removal for PK analysis and effects of erlotinib on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and intracellular signaling pathways. Ninety-six patients were evaluable (53 recurrent MG and 43 NP GBM); 5 patients were not evaluable for response. PFS-6 in recurrent GBM was 3% with a median PFS of 2 months; PFS-6 in recurrent AG was 27% with a median PFS of 2 months. Twelve-month survival was 57% in NP GBMs post-RT. Primary toxicity was dermatologic. The tissue-to-plasma ratio normalized to nanograms per gram dry weight for erlotinib and OSI-420 ranged from 25% to 44% and 30% to 59%, respectively, for pretreated surgical patients. No effect on EGFR or intratumoral signaling was seen. Patients with NP GBM post-RT who developed rash in cycle 1 had improved survival (P < .001). Single-agent activity of erlotinib is minimal for recurrent MGs and marginally beneficial following RT for NP GBM patients. Development of rash in cycle 1 correlates with survival in patients with NP GBM after RT.
Human Anti-CD40 Antagonist Antibody Triggers Significant Antitumor Activity against Human Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Yu-Tzu Tai, Xianfeng Li, Xia Tong, Daniel Santos, Takemi Otsuki, Laurence Catley, Olivier Tournilhac, Klaus Podar, Teru Hideshima, Robert Schlossman, Paul Richardson, Nikhil C. Munshi, Mohammad Luqman, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against lineage-specific B-cell antigens have provided clinical benefit for patients with hematologic malignancies, but to date no antibody-mediated immunotherapy is available for multiple myeloma. In the present study, we assessed the efficacy of a fully human anti-CD40 mAb CHIR-12.12 against human multiple myeloma cells. CHIR-12.12, generated in XenoMouse mice, binds to CD138-expressing multiple myeloma lines and freshly purified CD138-expressing cells from &amp;gt;80% multiple myeloma patients, as assessed by flow cytometry. Importantly, CHIR-12.12 abrogates CD40L-induced growth and survival of CD40-expressing patient multiple myeloma cells in the presence or absence of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), without altering constitutive multiple myeloma cell proliferation. Immunoblotting analysis specifically showed that PI3-K/AKT, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation induced by CD40L (5 μg/mL) was inhibited by CHIR-12.12 (5 μg/mL). Because CD40 activation induces multiple myeloma cell adhesion to both fibronectin and BMSCs, we next determined whether CHIR-12.12 inhibits this process. CHIR-12.12 decreased CD40L-induced multiple myeloma cell adhesion to fibronectin and BMSCs, whereas control human IgG1 did not. Adhesion of multiple myeloma cells to BMSCs induces interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, and treatment of multiple myeloma cells with CD40L further enhanced adhesion-induced cytokine secretion; conversely, CHIR-12.12 blocks CD40L-enhanced IL-6 and VEGF secretion in cocultures of multiple myeloma cells with BMSCs. Finally, CHIR-12.12 triggered lysis of multiple myeloma cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) but did not induce ADCC against CD40-negative multiple myeloma cells, confirming specificity against CD40-expressing multiple myeloma cells. These results provide the preclinical rationale for clinical trials of CHIR-12.12 to improve patient outcome in multiple myeloma.
Risk of Neuropathy Among 28 232 Patients With Biopsy-Verified Celiac Disease
Authors: Sujata P. Thawani, Thomas H. Brannagan, Benjamin Lebwohl, Peter H. R. Green, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Earlier research on celiac disease (CD) and neuropathy has been hampered by the use of inpatient data, low study power, and lack of neuropathic characteristics. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the relative risk and absolute risk of developing neuropathy in a nationwide population-based sample of patients with biopsy-verified CD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Between October 27, 2006, and February 12, 2008, we collected data on small-intestinal biopsies performed at Sweden's 28 pathology departments between June 16, 1969, and February 4, 2008. We compared the risk of neuropathy in 28 232 patients with CD (villous atrophy, Marsh 3) with that of 139 473 age- and sex-matched controls. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for neuropathy defined according to relevant<i>International Classification of Diseases</i>codes in the Swedish National Patient Register (consisting of both inpatient and outpatient data). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Neuropathy in patients with biopsy-verified CD. <h3>Results</h3> Celiac disease was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of later neuropathy (95% CI, 2.1-3.0;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). We also found an increased risk (with results reported as HRs [95% CIs]) of chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (2.8; 1.6-5.1;<i>P</i> = .001), autonomic neuropathy (4.2; 1.4-12.3;<i>P</i> = .009), and mononeuritis multiplex (7.6; 1.8-32.4;<i>P</i> = .006), but no association between CD and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (0.8; 0.3-2.1;<i>P</i> = .68). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> We found an increased risk of neuropathy in patients with CD. This statistically significant association in a population-based sample suggests that CD screening should be completed in patients with neuropathy.