tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CALLUS AND ITS KERATIN BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH ACID SODIUM THIOGLYCOLATE.
Authors: C. E. ORFANOS, G. MAHRLE, H. RUSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article CALLUS AND ITS KERATIN BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH ACID SODIUM THIOGLYCOLATE: A STUDY BY SCANNING AND CONVENTIONAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY Get access C. E. ORFANOS, C. E. ORFANOS Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, and Institute of Biophysics and Electron Microscopy, University of Düsseldorf, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. MAHRLE, G. MAHRLE Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, and Institute of Biophysics and Electron Microscopy, University of Düsseldorf, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. RUSKA H. RUSKA Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, and Institute of Biophysics and Electron Microscopy, University of Düsseldorf, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 5, 1 November 1971, Pages 437–449, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14050.x Published: 01 November 1971 Article history Accepted: 30 April 1971 Published: 01 November 1971
Action of oral metoclopramide on the gastrooesophageal junction in man
Authors: J. B. Dilawari, J. J. Misiewicz
Journal: Gut (1973)

The effect of oral metoclopramide, 10 mg, was studied with intraluminal manometry in 20 patients suffering from symptoms of gastrooesophageal reflux. The drug increased cardiac sphincter pressure and the amplitude of oesophageal peristaltic waves, but gastric motility was stimulated in only half of the patients. The clinical value of these pharmacological effects should be confirmed in therapeutic trials.
A Systems Genetics Approach Identifies Genes and Pathways for Type 2 Diabetes in Human Islets
Authors: Jalal Taneera, Stefan Lang, Amitabh Sharma, Joao Fadista, Yuedan Zhou, Emma Ahlqvist, Anna Jonsson, Valeriya Lyssenko, Petter Vikman, Ola Hansson, Hemang Parikh, Olle Korsgren, Arvind Soni, Ulrika Krus, Enming Zhang, Xing-Jun Jing, Jonathan L.S. Esguerra, Claes B. Wollheim, Albert Salehi, Anders Rosengren, Erik Renström, Leif Groop
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)

Close to 50 genetic loci have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but they explain only 15% of the heritability. In an attempt to identify additional T2D genes, we analyzed global gene expression in human islets from 63 donors. Using 48 genes located near T2D risk variants, we identified gene coexpression and protein-protein interaction networks that were strongly associated with islet insulin secretion and HbA1c. We integrated our data to form a rank list of putative T2D genes, of which CHL1, LRFN2, RASGRP1, and PPM1K were validated in INS-1 cells to influence insulin secretion, whereas GPR120 affected apoptosis in islets. Expression variation of the top 20 genes explained 24% of the variance in HbA1c with no claim of the direction. The data present a global map of genes associated with islet dysfunction and demonstrate the value of systems genetics for the identification of genes potentially involved in T2D.
Absence of anti-BP180 antibodies in mothers of infants with bullous pemphigoid
Authors: C. Chiavérini, D. Hamel-Teillac, D. Gilbert, Y. de Prost
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

It is not clear whether bullous pemphigoid (BP) of infancy is linked to maternal transmission of pathogenic autoantibodies. Objectives To search for anti-BP180 antibodies in the sera of infants with BP and their mothers, using sensitive and specific methods.Four infants (<6 months) with BP and their mothers were tested for anti-BP180 antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).We found anti-BP180 antibodies in the sera of the four infants with all methods. These antibodies reacted with the extracellular domain NC16A. In the serum of their mothers we found 180 and 160 kDa proteins, each in one case, but indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA were negative, suggesting the absence of anti-BP180 autoantibodies reacting with the extracellular domain NC16A.BP of infants is not due to maternofetal transmission of pathogenic autoantibodies. Other hypotheses for the pathophysiology of BP are discussed.
Prevention of a First Stroke
Authors: Philip B. Gorelick, Ralph L. Sacco, Don B. Smith, Mark Alberts, Lisa Mustone-Alexander, Dan Rader, Joyce L. Ross, Eric Raps, Mark N. Ozer, Lawrence M. Brass, Mary E. Malone, Sheldon Goldberg, John Booss, Daniel F. Hanley, James F. Toole, Nancy L. Greengold, David C. Rhew
Journal: JAMA (1999)

To establish, in a single resource, up-to-date recommendations for primary care physicians regarding prevention strategies for a first stroke.Members of the National Stroke Association's (NSA's) Stroke Prevention Advisory Board and Cedars-Sinai Health System Department of Health Services Research convened on April 9, 1998, in an open meeting. The conference attendees, selected to participate by the NSA, were recognized experts in neurology (9), cardiology (2), family practice (1), nursing (1), physician assistant practices (1), and health services research (2).A literature review was carried out by the Department of Health Services Research, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, Calif, using the MEDLINE database search for 1990 through April 1998 and updated in November 1998. English-language guidelines, statements, meta-analyses, and overviews on prevention of a first stroke were reviewed.At the meeting, members of the advisory board identified 6 important stroke risk factors (hypertension, myocardial infarction [MI], atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, blood lipids, asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis), and 4 lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, diet).Several interventions that modify well-documented and treatable cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors can reduce the risk of a first stroke. Good evidence for direct stroke reduction exists for hypertension treatment; using warfarin for patients after MI who have atrial fibrillation, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, or left ventricular thrombus; using 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors for patients after MI; using warfarin for patients with atrial fibrillation and specific risk factors; and performing carotid endarterectomy for patients with stenosis of at least 60%. Observational studies support the role of modifying lifestyle-related risk factors (eg, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, diet) in stroke prevention. Measures to help patients improve adherence are an important component of a stroke prevention plan.
Overexpression of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Enterotoxin Receptors Claudin-3 and Claudin-4 in Uterine Carcinosarcomas
Authors: Alessandro D. Santin, Stefania Bellone, Eric R. Siegel, Jesse K. McKenney, Maria Thomas, Juan J. Roman, Alexander Burnett, Germana Tognon, Elisabetta Bandiera, Sergio Pecorelli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the expression levels of claudin-3 and claudin-4, the low- and high-affinity receptors, respectively, for the cytotoxic Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) in uterine carcinosarcomas and explore the potential for targeting these receptors in the treatment of this aggressive uterine tumor. Experimental Design: We analyzed claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptor expression at mRNA and protein levels in flash frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded carcinosarcoma specimens. Recombinant CPE was used as a novel therapy against chemotherapy-resistant carcinosarcoma cell lines in vitro. The therapeutic effect of sublethal doses of CPE was studied in severe combined immunodeficient mouse xenografts harboring large s.c. carcinosarcomas. Results: All flash-frozen carcinosarcoma biopsies (12 of 12) and short-term carcinosarcoma cell lines evaluated overexpressed claudin-3 and claudin-4 by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Membranous immunoreactivity for claudin-4 protein expression was documented in 80% (20 of 25) of primary tumors and 100% (6 of 6) of the metastatic carcinosarcomas, whereas negligible staining was found in normal endometrial cells. Regardless of their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, all short-term carcinosarcoma cell lines tested died within 1 h of exposure to 3.3 μg/mL of CPE in vitro. Intratumoral injections of well-tolerated doses of CPE in large s.c. carcinosarcoma xenografts led to large areas of tumor cell necrosis and tumor disappearance in all treated animals. Conclusions: Claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors are highly overexpressed in carcinosarcoma. These proteins may offer promising targets for the use of CPE as a novel type-specific therapy against this biologically aggressive variant of endometrial cancer.
Convulsions after carotid endarterectomy
Authors: J. T. Wilkinson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Convulsions have not been emphasized as a possible complication of carotid endarterectomy. We describe here three patients in whom seizures with a focal component developed postoperatively. We suspect that the convulsions were secondary to a cerebral embolus arising from the operative site. An unstable preoperative neurological status is not a prerequisite for this complication.
Agglutinins to bacteria in Crohn's disease.
Authors: N Matthews, J F Mayberry, J Rhodes, L Neale, J Munro, F Wensinck, G H Lawson, A C Rowland, G A Berkhoff, S W Barthold
Journal: Gut (1980)

Sera from patients with Crohn9s disease were tested for antibodies against organisms which are thought to cause inflammatory bowel disease in animals, or have been implicated in human Crohn9s disease. Control sera were collected from healthy individuals and patients with ulcerative colitis. Sera from Crohn9s disease and controls failed to agglutinate Clostridium colinum or Campylobacter sputorum subsp. mucosalis and two strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (M26 and M27). Most of the sera agglutinated a Citrobacter freundii variant, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (M28) and Mycobacterium avium (M41) but Crohn9s disease sera did not differ from controls. A complement fixation test against Chlamydia gave more positive reactions in patients with Crohn9s disease and colitis than in healthy controls. There was a clear difference between the sera from patients with Crohn9s disease and other sera, including ulcerative colitis, in agglutination tests with the commensal coccoid rods of the genera Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus; in these tests 54% of sera from Crohn9s disease were positive compared with 11% in ulcerative colitis and none of the sera from healthy controls. All the results were essentially negative with the exception of those from Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus and these bacteria merit investigation.
Ischemic Heart Disease and Lipids in Blood and Diet
Authors: R. A. Stallones
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1983)

INTRODUCTION... . . . . . . . . . ...... ...... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ISS SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . 157 DIET AND SERUM CHOLESTEROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Comparisons Among Communities .. . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . .. .. :.... . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . 159 Comparisons Among Individuals Within Communities   161 DIET AND ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE   ..... . . . ....   . .. .... 165 Comparisons Among Communities  165 Comparisons Among Individuals Within Communities   ..   ...... 165 EXPERIMENTAL TRIALS OF DIET MODIFICATION ........    . . . . . . . . . . 168 More-or-Less Controlled Experiments   170 Controlled Experiments Allocating Individuals Randomly . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .  . . .. . . . . . . . 171 Controlled Experiments Allocating Groups   174 Other Experiments   ; . . . . . . . .   . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .   . . . . ... 175 INTERPRETATIONS OF THE EVIDENCE    . . . . . . . 176 The Official Word  176 The Individual Heavies   . . ..   .   . . 178 CONCLUSIONS   179
EU needs "failsafe" system to alert countries on doctors who lose licence, peers hear
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A “failsafe” system of alerts about doctors who have lost their licence to practise in their own country must be adopted throughout the European Union to ensure that these doctors don’t simply move elsewhere and start seeing patients again, peers have been told.

Officials from the European Commission have admitted that the current system allowing the free movement of healthcare professionals across the EU is imperfect and needs to be reformed.

The officials were giving evidence to the House of Lords’ EU social policies and consumer protection subcommittee on 7 July as part of the committee’s inquiry into the European directive on the mutual recognition of professional qualifications.

The European Commission is reviewing …
Quantitative Aspects of Iodine Metabolism. The Exchangeable Organic Iodine Pool, and the Rates of Thyroidal Secretion, Peripheral Degradation and Fecal Excretion of Endogenously Synthesized Organically Bound Iodine
Authors: Solomon A. Berson, Rosalyn S. Yalow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

H-Hyperthyroid. E-Euthyroid
Development of Small‐Molecule Antivirals for Ebola
Authors: Zlatko Janeba
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2015)

Abstract Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. Although a significant progress has recently been made in understanding of Ebola virus biology and pathogenesis, development of effective anti‐Ebola treatments has not been very productive, compared to other areas of antiviral research (e.g., HIV and HCV infections). No approved vaccine or medicine is available for Ebola but several are currently under development. This review summarises attempts in identification, evaluation, and development of small‐molecule candidates for treatment of Ebola viral disease, including the most promising experimental drugs brincidofovir (CMX001), BCX4430, and favipiravir (T‐705).
Cytotoxicity of fresh NK1.1+ T cell receptor alpha/beta+ thymocytes against a CD4+8+ thymocyte population associated with intact Fas antigen expression on the target.
Authors: H Arase, N Arase, Y Kobayashi, Y Nishimura, S Yonehara, K Onoé
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Recent studies have revealed that 10-20% of CD4+8- or CD4-8- thymocyte populations contain NK1.1+ T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha/beta+ cells. This subpopulation shows characteristics that are different from NK1.1- CD4+ or NK1.1- CD8+ T cells and seems to have developed in a manner different from NK1.1- T cells. Although extensive studies have been performed on the NK1.1+ TCR-alpha/beta+ thymocytes, the physiological role of the NK1.1+ TCR-alpha/beta+ thymocytes has been totally unclear. In the present study, we found that freshly isolated NK1.1+ TCR-alpha/beta+ thymocytes, but neither whole thymocytes nor lymph node T cells, directly killed CD4+8+ thymocytes from normal syngeneic or allogeneic mice by using a long-term cytotoxic assay in which flow cytometry was used to detect the cytotoxicity. However, only weak cytotoxicity was detected against thymocytes from lpr mice on which the Fas antigen that transduces signals for apoptosis into the cells is not expressed. Furthermore, the NK1.1+ TCR-alpha/beta+ thymocytes exhibited high cytotoxicity against T lymphoma targets transfected with fas genes as compared with the parental T lymphoma targets or target cells transfected with mutated fas genes, which lack the function of transducing signals. On the other hand, NK1.1+ effector thymocytes from gld mice that carry a point mutation in Fas ligand did not kill thymocyte targets from normal mice. The present findings, thus, consistently suggest that the NK1.1+ TCR-alpha/beta+ thymocytes kill a subpopulation among CD4+8+ thymocytes via Fas antigen and in this way regulate generation of T lineage cells in the thymus.
Mice Expressing a Mammary Gland–Specific R270H Mutation in the <i>p53</i> Tumor Suppressor Gene Mimic Human Breast Cancer Development
Authors: Susan W.P. Wijnhoven, Edwin Zwart, Ewoud N. Speksnijder, Rudolf B. Beems, Kenneth P. Olive, David A. Tuveson, Jos Jonkers, Mirjam M. Schaap, Jolanda van den Berg, Tyler Jacks, Harry van Steeg, Annemieke de Vries
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The tumor suppressor gene p53 has an apparent role in breast tumor development in humans, as ∼30% of sporadic tumors acquire p53 mutations and Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients carrying germ line p53 mutations frequently develop breast tumors at early age. In the present study, conditional expression of a targeted mutation is used to analyze the role of the human R273H tumor-associated hotspot mutation in p53 in mammary gland tumorigenesis. Heterozygous p53R270H/+WAPCre mice (with mammary gland–specific expression of the p53.R270H mutation, equivalent to human R273H, at physiologic levels) develop mammary tumors at high frequency, indicating that the R270H mutation predisposes for mammary gland tumor development and acts in a dominant-negative manner in early stages of tumorigenesis. Spontaneous tumor development in these mice is further accelerated by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treatment at young age. The majority of spontaneous and DMBA-induced carcinomas and sarcomas from p53R270H/+WAPCre mice is estrogen receptor α positive, and expression profiles of genes also implicated in human breast cancer appear similarly altered. As such, p53R270H/+WAPCre mice provide a well-suited model system to study the role of p53 in breast tumorigenesis and the responsiveness of mammary gland tumors to chemotherapeutics.
Down-Regulation of miR-133a Contributes to Up-Regulation of RhoA in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Yoshihiko Chiba, Miki Tanabe, Kumiko Goto, Hiroyasu Sakai, Miwa Misawa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Augmented bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) contraction is one of the causes of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The protein RhoA and its downstream pathways have now been proposed as a new target for asthma therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in normal and diseased cell functions, and a contribution of miR-133 to RhoA expression has been suggested in cardiomyocytes.To make clear the mechanism(s) of up-regulation of RhoA observed in the BSMs of experimental asthma, the role of miR-133a in RhoA expression was tested.Total proteins and RNAs (containing miRNAs) were extracted from cultured human BSM cells (hBSMCs) that were treated with antagomirs and/or IL-13, and bronchial tissues of BALB/c mice that were sensitized and repeatedly challenged with ovalbumin. RhoA protein and miR-133a were detected by immunoblotting and quantified real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively.In hBSMCs, an up-regulation of RhoA was observed when the function of endogenous miR-133a was inhibited by its antagomir. Treatment of hBSMCs with IL-13 caused an up-regulation of RhoA and a down-regulation of miR-133a. In bronchial tissues of the repeatedly ovalbumin-challenged mice, a significant increase in RhoA was observed. Interestingly, the level of miR-133a was significantly decreased in BSMs of the challenged mice.These findings suggest that RhoA expression is negatively regulated by miR-133a in BSMs. IL-13 might, at least in part, contribute to the reduction of miR-133a.
Non-invasive phenotyping using exhaled volatile organic compounds in asthma
Authors: B. Ibrahim, M. Basanta, P. Cadden, D. Singh, D. Douce, A. Woodcock, S. J. Fowler
Journal: Thorax (2011)

Breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be useful for asthma diagnosis and phenotyping, identifying patients who could benefit from personalised therapeutic strategies. The authors aimed to identify specific patterns of breath VOCs in patients with asthma and in clinically relevant disease phenotypes.Breath samples were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Asthma Control Questionnaire was completed, together with lung function and induced sputum cell counts. Breath data were reduced to principal components, and these principal components were used in multiple logistic regression to identify discriminatory models for diagnosis, sputum inflammatory cell profile and asthma control.The authors recruited 35 patients with asthma and 23 matched controls. A model derived from 15 VOCs classified patients with asthma with an accuracy of 86%, and positive and negative predictive values of 0.85 and 0.89, respectively. Models also classified patients with asthma based on the following phenotypes: sputum (obtained in 18 patients with asthma) eosinophilia ≥2% area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve 0.98, neutrophilia ≥40% AUROC 0.90 and uncontrolled asthma (Asthma Control Questionnaire ≥1) AUROC 0.96.Detection of characteristic breath VOC profiles could classify patients with asthma versus controls, and clinically relevant disease phenotypes based on sputum inflammatory profile and asthma control. Prospective validation of these models may lead to clinical application of non-invasive breath profiling in asthma.
Serum Magnesium and Plasma Sodium Levels in Essential Vascular Hypertension
Authors: DONALD G. ALBERT, YOSHIKAZU MORITA, LLOYD T. ISERI
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The mean serum magnesium concentration in 26 uncomplicated hypertensive patients was found to be significantly lower than that in 43 normal individuals. The mean plasma sodium concentration in these patients was significantly higher than that in a normal group. The mean plasma potassium levels were not significantly different. It is suggested that a possible explanation for these electrolyte changes is excessive adrenal cortical activity.
Effect of short-term treatment with CPAP on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)
Authors: Nicola Ciancio, Annalisa Di Maria, Laura Bivona, Giuseppe Di Maria
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Cardiorespiratory parameters, derived by CPX are improved by long-term treatment with nasal CPAP in patients with OSAS. This study aimed to evaluate whether a short duration CPAP treatment also improves CPX in patients with severe OSAS. We selected 17 patients that underwent nocturnal cardiorespiratory monitoring (CRM) using an 8-channel polygraph (VitalNight, VitalAire, Italy). Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups: a study-group (6M/3F; 42-55 yrs; BMI 25.2-52.7 kg/m2), treated with a short trial (8-10 days) of effective-CPAP and a control-group (6M/2F; 32-48 yrs; BMI 27.6-45.3 kg/mt2) that for an equal time period underwent CPAP titrated at sub-therapeutic pressures (sham-CPAP). Results (mean±SD) of the CRM for both the study group and controls were respectively: AHI 54.18±25.55 and 56±22.85; ODI 52.7±24.39 and 53.55±22.63, SpO2mean 90.28±2.29 and 89.23±5.6. Results of CPX using an incremental cycloergometer-protocol 10-20 watt/min (Vmax SensorMedics, USA) performed before and after CPAP in the study-group were: VO2Peak (ml/kg/min) pre 19.63±4.82, post 20.4±4.92; VO2 at Anaerobic Threshold (VO2AT) pre 13.34±4.55, post 14.63±3.65; O2Pulse (ml.O2-beat) pre 12.77±3.01, post 14.67±2.44. For control-group CPX-results before and after sham-CPAP were: VO2-Peak pre 21.32±3.98, post 21.8±4.12; VO2AT pre 14.4±5.45, post 14.9±4.1; O2Pulse pre 11.86±4.1, post 12.3±3.39. O2Pulse was significantly enhanced in the study-group (p‹0.005), whereas VO2 increased without achieving statistical significance. We conclude that short-term treatment with CPAP is associated with significant O2-Pulse improvements in patients with severe OSAS.