tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does dietary estrogen intake from meat relate to the incidence of hormone-dependent cancers?
Authors: Y. Handa, H. Fujita, Y. Watanabe, S. Honma, M. Kaneuchi, H. Minakami, R. Kishi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1553 Background: It is well known that estrogen contained in contraceptive pills has a relationship with the incidence of hormone-dependent cancers. Conversely, there appears to be very little discussion concerning dietary estrogen from meat in relation to cancer incidence despite the fact that beef and chicken of most daily diets comes from animals fed with estrogen supplements. Thus, we evaluated estrogen concentrations in meat. Methods: Intra-tissue concentrations of Estradiol 17 Beta (E2) and Estrone (E1) were measured in beef (produced in USA, Japan: n = 40, 40) and chicken (produced in USA, Japan, Brazil: n = 25, 25, 25) by LC-MS/MS. Fat and red meat were examined separately in each meat. As a control we also analyzed fat tissues of postmenopausal Japanese women (n = 25). Results: Estrogen levels were generally higher in fat than in red meat. Median concentrations (pg/g) in Japanese chicken fat (E2 = 21.1, E1 = 65.7) and in USA chicken fat (20.7, 54.6) were the highest, and USA beef fat (14.0, 7.7) also showed high level. On the other hand, Japanese beef red meat (0.0, 0.1) and Brazilian chicken red meat (0.2, 0.4) indicated nearly zero level of estrogen, and their estrogen levels in fat were low as well. The high estrogen levels in Japanese and USA chicken, especially that of E2, exceeded those of human fat (16.3, 157.1), while the levels in meat of low estrogen content were a hundred times lower than in human fat. Conclusions: The high estrogen concentrations in Japanese chicken, USA chicken, and USA beef have been attributed to the residue of external estrogen in the feed given to the livestock. The nearly zero level found in Japanese beef and Brazilian chicken is considered to be natural endogenous amount without estrogen supplementation. The estrogen levels in meat are much lower than those of contraceptive pills (0.035 mg/tab). Even so, when considering lifetime exposure to meat containing higher level of estrogen than human fat tissue, estrogen intake from daily meat consumption cannot be disregarded as a factor governing human health. Consequently, dietary estrogen intake from meat might promote estrogen accumulation in the human body and could be related to the incidence of hormone-dependent cancers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels and allograft vasculopathy: an intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: H.O. Ventura, F.W. Smart, S.P. Jain, T. Toups, T.J. Collins, R.V. Milani, E.S. Cooper, Dd. Stapleton, C.J. White
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Treg and T<sub>eff</sub> in the bone marrow of early-stage breast cancer patients with disseminated tumor cells.
Authors: D. G. Wolf, D. Fong, L. Scherrer, A. Wolf, D. Reimer, C. Marth, E. Mueller-Holzner, S. Braun, A. G. Zeimet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e21049 Background: The presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow (BM) is associated with poor survival. The factors regulating appearance and survival of BM DTC are not known. We hypothesized that patients with DTC might display immunological alterations in the BM. Methods: Peripheral blood (PB) and BM was collected prior to primary surgery from patients with breast cancer at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Innsbruck (n = 87). Primary surgery was performed in all patients. Notably, all patients had early stage disease (T_cis/T1mic: n = 5, T1a: n = 7, T1b: n = 22, T1c: n = 33, T2: n = 13). Treg as well as CD4 and CD8 were characterized by standard FACS staining for CD4, CD8, or costaining for CD4 together with CD25 and FoxP3. DTC were detected by a standard immunohistochemical method (Pantel et al., 1994). Results: In the whole breast cancer population, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers were significantly elevated in PB as compared to the BM microenvironment (CD4: 46.46 % vs. 25.75 % , p = 0.0001; CD8: 14.47 % vs. 11.52 % , p = 0.009). Of note, we did not find the recently described enrichment of Treg in BM when compared to PB, but provide first evidence from a much larger cohort of individuals that the frequency of CD4+FoxP3+ Treg (BM: 6.47 % , PB6.48 % , p = 0.569) is comparable between both compartments. Due to the early stage breast cancer population included in our protocol, DTC were only detected in very few individuals (n = 6). Both, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell levels were slightly higher in the BM of patients who were DTC negative when compared to DTC positive BM samples (CD4+: 26.81 % vs. 24.42 % , p = 0.158; CD8+: 11.86 % vs. 9.90 % , p = 0.161), which however did not reach statistical significance. However, we detected a strong tendency towards higher Treg levels in patients with DTC vs. tumor patients with no DTC (CD4+CD25high+ T cells: 8.09% vs. 6.09 % , p = 0.060; CD4+FoxP3+: 8.49% vs. 6.18 % , p = 0.119). Conclusions: In contrast to previous reports, we show that Treg are not enriched in the BM microenvironment as compared to PB. Due to increased BM Treg, DTC positive breast cancer patients might have a local immune deficiency potentially tipping the balance towards immune evasion of DTC finally supporting disease recurrence. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Human Lung Tumor-Associated Antigens of 32,000 Daltons Molecular Weight&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D H Kempner, M R Jay, R H Stevens
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Lung tumor-associated antigens of approximately 32,000 daltons were recognized by the use of sensitive radioimmunoassays and rabbit antisera, one raised against an extract of pooled human malignant lung tissues and another raised against a cell line derived from a human squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. These antigens differ from antigens described previously, including carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein. The antigens were detected on 13 of 13 lung tumors (of all histologic types), fetal tissue, normal brain, 2 of 8 colon tumors, 2 of 9 prostate tumors, and 2 of 3 breast tumors, as well as on cell lines derived from lung tumors, neuroblastoma, human amnion, colon adenocarcinoma, and bladder tumors. They were not detectable on normal lung, liver, kidney, colon, or prostate tissues or on cell lines derived from osteosarcoma, fetal lung fibroblasts, transitional cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Lung tumors of different histologic types were concluded to express common, tumor-associated oncofetal antigens that are found less often on tumors of other organs.
Epirubicin and docetaxel is an effective neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer: Result of a phase II study
Authors: A. Bova, H. Jennifer, S. Venkatappa, H. Ozer, A. Tfayli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10759 Background: Anthracyclines and Taxanes represent the 2 most active classes of chemotherapeutic drugs against breast cancer. This study assesses the efficacy of Epirubicin and Docetaxel as neoadjuvant therapy for women with breast cancer. Methods: This is a single institution, single arm, phase II study of Epirubicin given at 75 mg/m2 and Docetaxel at 75 mg/m2 every three weeks for 4 cycles prior to surgical excision in women with large breast cancers. Pegfilgrastim was routinely administered as primary prophylaxis against febrile neutropenia. Results: Of 18 patients enrolled on the study, 12 (66.7%) had a clinical response and 13 (72.2%) had a pathologic response, with a pathologic complete response of 5.6%. Premenopausal women and patients with estrogen receptor positive tumors had a higher response rate. One patient died due to sepsis and febrile neutropenia. Conclusions: Combination chemotherapy with Epirubicin and Docetaxel is highly active against breast cancer. With close monitoring for toxicity, this combination can be safely administered with mild side effects. [Table: see text]
A multicenter randomized study comparing vinorelbine plus gemcitabine versus capecitabine monotherapy as salvage treatment in patients with advanced breast cancer pretreated with taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy: A preliminary report
Authors: D. Mavroudis, A. Ardavanis, I. Boukovinas, I. Varthalitis, K. Syrigos, A. Potamianou, C. Kouroussis, V. Georgoulias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

658 Background: Both Vinorelbine plus Gemcitabine (VG) regimen and Capecitabine (C) monotherapy are active salvage treatments in patients (pts) with advanced breast cancer (ABC). In this multicenter study we compared the efficacy and tolerability of the two regimens as salvage treatment in pts with ABC pretreated with taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy. Methods: Pts were randomized to receive either vinorelbine 25 mg/m 2 plus gemcitabine 1000 mg/m 2 (VG) both on day 1 in cycles every 2 weeks or capecitabine 1250 mg/m 2 (C) twice a day on days 1–14 in cycles every 3 weeks. The primary end point of the study was to compare the time to disease progression (TTP). Results: A total of 114 pts were randomized to VG (n=60) and C (n=54). All pts were evaluable for toxicity and 58 VG and 54 C pts for response. Seven (VG) vs 9 (C) pts had stage IIIB disease and 6 vs 5 pts had PS 2. We observed one complete response on each arm and 14(24%) vs 12(22%) partial responses for an overall response rate of 25.8% vs 24.1% (p=0.8) in VG vs C pts, respectively. The median duration of response was 5 vs 12 months (p=0.02) and the median TTP 3.7 vs 5.8 months (p=0.4) for VG and C pts, respectively. A total of 339 VG and 270 C cycles were administered with no toxic deaths. Both regimens were overall well tolerated; grade 3–4 neutropenia 17% vs 4% (p=0.02), anemia 4% vs 2% (p=0.6), grade 3 thrombocytopenia 2% vs 2%, neurotoxicity 3% vs 2%, grade 2–4 hand-foot syndrome 2% vs 15% (p=0.009) for VG and C pts, respectively. Conclusions: In this preliminary analysis the VG and C regimens showed similar activity but different although rarely severe toxicity. Updated results will be presented at the meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Gefitinib versus platinum contained doublet chemotherapy in chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIb or IV non-small cell lung cancer of adenocarcinoma histology: A retrospective case control study
Authors: Y. Xu, Y. Zhou, M. Huang, B. Zou, X. Zhang, X. Zhang, L. Zhou, J. Zhu, Y. Gong, M. Hou, Y. Lu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e19070 Background: The results of the ISEL study in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) suggest greater benefit of gefitinib among Asian patients and non-smokers compared with the overall trial population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study to compare outcomes for gefitinib versus platinum doublet chemotherapy as first line treatment in selected NSCLC patients (stage IIIB/IV adenocarcinoma, PS 0–2). Patient receiving platinum chemotherapy were selected on the basis of disease stage (IIIB or IV), gender, smoking history, WHO performance status (PS) (0–1, or 2) and age (&lt; 60ys or ≥ 60ys) being matched to patients receiving gefitinib. Gefitinib and chemotherapy arm patients were selected by 1:2 ratio in order to increase statistical power. The study was approved by local institute review board. Results: 99 chemo-naïve adenocarcinoma patients treated in our institute from January 2006 to December 2007 were collected: 33 received gefitinib and 66 received chemotherapy. The baseline characteristics are listed in table 1 . The median duration of follow-up was 10 months. Patients receiving gefitinib experienced significantly higher ORR and DCR, and prolonged PFS ( table 1 ). Patients receiving chemotherapy experienced more frequent grade 3–4 neutropenia (42.4% vs 0%), thrombocytopenia (21.2% Vs 0%), febrile neutropenia (7.5% vs 0%) and nausea (24.2% vs 3.0%). The most commonly recorded adverse events in the gefitinib arm were rash/acne (9.1%), diarrhea (3.0%), nausea (3.0%) and anemia (3.0%). Conclusions: The limitations of case-control studies are acknowledged, yet these results were supported by IPASS. Gefitinib as first-line treatment confers clinically relevant benefit in Asian NSCLC patients with adenocarcinoma histology versus platinum based chemotherapy. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Cross-sectional survey on thyroideal and gonadal hormones in adult patients with high-grade gliomas.
Authors: A. Handisurya, A. Kautzky-Willer, K. Elandt, M. Preusser, K. Dieckmann, J. A. Hainfellner, G. Widhalm, C. Marosi, B. Schneider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e12541 Background: Following cranial irradiation, changes in hypothalamic-pituitary function may evolve over several years and result in hormone deficiencies following radiation doses to the hypothalamic and pituitary areas exceeding 45 Gy. In adult patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG), survival duration is increasing therefore quality of life issues are gaining consideration. Monitoring of hormonal parameters depending on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and effector hormonal glands in order to provide adequate substitution in case of deficiencies is not standard in adult patients. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional evaluation of thyroid hormones (TSH, fT4, fT3) and of testosterone in 117 patients with HGG, treated in our institution at any time point, one to sixty months after initial diagnosis. There were 49 women, aged 50.32±13.73 years, and 68 men, aged 50.81 ± 14.35 years. In 106 patients, hormonal profiles were obtained at least twice. All patients had been treated with standard concomitant radiochemotherapy with temozolomide and radiation up to 60 Gy with 2 Gy per fraction, followed by standard adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide for up to six cycles. Results: Seven women and eight men showed at any time point a potential hypothyroidism: low TSH in 6.67% women (n = 6) and 6.15% men (n = 8), low fT4 in 2.25% women (n = 2) and low fT3 in 8.24% women (n = 7). This is just slightly more than the rate of hypothyreodism in the Austrian background population. Of note, serum testosterone levels were reduced in 17.21% of men (n = 21). In this ongoing survey, no significant trend in serum concentrations of the measured hormones have been observed with regard to the time elapsed since the initiation of treatment. Conclusions: Our data suggest that standard concomitant radiochemotherapy is not associated with changes in the regulation of thyroidal function in adult subjects with HGG. However, a rather high percentage of male patients with low testosterone levels has been observed in this ongoing survey. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Exercise in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Compliance and population characteristics of patients referred to the McGill Cancer Nutrition-Rehabilitation Program (CNRP)
Authors: M. A. Dalzell, H. Kreisman, S. Dobson, G. Kasymjanova, E. Roudaia, J. S. Agulnik, D. Small, N. MacDonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

8631 Background: Few studies focus on exercise in advanced NSCLC. We evaluated compliance with exercise prescription in stages 3/4 NSCLC. Methods: Patients (pts) referred to the CNRP, a multidisciplinary clinic, for weight/functional loss were evaluated for participation in a supervised exercise program. Compliance with exercise was scored as 0 (refused/home exercise), 1 (&lt;6 sessions in 2 mo), and 2 (≥ 6 sessions in 2 mo). Gender, age, PS, stage, CRP, weight loss, and quality of life [Edmonton Syptom Assessment Scale (ESAS)] were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Survival from the time of exercise prescription was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: 168 pts were referred to the CNRP from April 2002 to September 2005. 92/168 (54%) were prescribed exercise. Of the 76 remaining pts, 3 (4%) refused, and 6 (8%) were on an exercise trial. Others were excluded due to bone metastasis/severe pain (50 pts, 66%), cardiovascular instability (13 pts, 17%) or poor PS (4 pts, 5%). Of the 92 who were prescribed exercise, the compliance score was 0 in 38 (41%), 1 in 37 (40%) and 2 in 17(19%). There were no significant differences in gender, age, PS, stage, ESAS, and weight loss at the time of referral among the three compliance groups. Most pts (15/17) with a compliance score of 2 were referred prior to or during initial treatment, whereas those with compliance scores of 0 and 1 were referred later in the course of treatment. Compliance with exercise correlated with survival (p&lt;0.001). The median survival from time of exercise prescription for pts with a compliance score of 2 was 22 mo (95%CI 13.4,30.2); compared with 5 mo (95%CI 3.7,5.6) and 7 mo (95%CI 2.5,11.5) for those with compliance scores of 0 and 1 respectively. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: A select group of advanced NSCLC pts can exercise safely at a moderate-high level. Those referred earlier tended to be more compliant, and their longer survival may reflect a lead time bias. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate efficacy of exercise in newly diagnosed NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Maintenance treatment with capecitabine and bevacizumab versus observation after induction treatment with chemotherapy and bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): The phase III CAIRO3 study of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG).
Authors: Miriam Koopman, Lieke HJ Simkens, Albert J. Ten Tije, Geert-Jan Creemers, Olaf JL Loosveld, Felix E. de Jongh, Frans Erdkamp, Zoran Erjavec, Adelheid ME van der Torren, Jacobus JM Van der Hoeven, Peter Nieboer, J. J. Braun, Rob L. Jansen, Janny G. Haasjes, Annemieke Cats, Jacob J. Wals, Linda Mol, Otilia Dalesio, Harm van Tinteren, Cornelis J. A. Punt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

3502 Background: The optimal duration of chemotherapy and bevacizumab in mCRC is not well established. The CAIRO3 study investigated the efficacy of maintenance treatment with capecitabine plus bevacizumab versus observation in mCRC pts not progressing during induction treatment with capecitabine, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab (CAPOX-B). Methods: Previously untreated mCRC pts, PS 0-1, with stable disease or better after 6 cycles of CAPOX-B, not eligible for metastasectomy and eligible for future treatment with oxaliplatin, were randomized between observation (arm A) or maintenance treatment with capecitabine 625 mg/m2 bid dailycontinuouslyand bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg iv q 3 weeks (arm B). Upon first progression (PFS1), pts in both arms were treated with CAPOX-B until second progression (PFS2, primary endpoint). For pts not able to receive CAPOX-B upon PFS1, PFS2 was considered equal to PFS1. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and time to second progression (TTP2), which was defined as the time to progression or death on any treatment following PFS1. All endpoints were calculated from the time of randomization. Results: A total of 558 pts were randomized. Median follow-up is 33 months. The median number of maintenance cycles in arm B was 9 (range 1-54). The median PFS1 in arm A vs B was 4.1 vs 7.4 months (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.37-0.54, p&lt;0.0001). Upon PFS1, 72% of pts received CAPOX-B in arm A and 44% in arm B. The median PFS2 was 10.4 vs 10.4 months (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.7-1.04, p=0.12). The median TTP2 in arm A vs B was 11.5 vs 15.4 months (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.48-0.72, p&lt;0.0001), and the median OS was 17.9 vs 21.7 months (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.96, p=0.02), respectively. Conclusions: Maintenance treatment with capecitabine plus bevacizumab after 6 cycles CAPOX-B did not significantly prolong PFS2, which may be due to the lower number of pts in arm B that received CAPOX-B following PFS1. Maintenance treatment significantly prolonged PFS1, TTP2 and OS. Our data support the use of bevacizumab plus capecitabine until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Updated results will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT00442637.
Cardioprotective effect of telmisartan in cancer patients treated with telmisartan.
Authors: M. Dessì, C. Madeddu, R. Serpe, E. Massa, C. Cadeddu, A. Piras, G. Mercuro, G. Mantovani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

9153 Background: We showed previously in 31 cancer patients (pts) that early cardiac abnormalities, i.e. strain rate (SR) reduction detected by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), occurred at epirubicin (EPI) doses of 200 mg/m2 and persisted throughout subsequent EPI doses and even up to 18 months. Renin-angiotensin system activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: A phase II randomized placebo-controlled study was designed to investigate the possible role of telmisartan (an antagonist of angiotensine II type I receptor) in preventing both early preclinical and late myocardial damage induced by EPI. The correlation with changes of biochemical/inflammatory markers was also assessed. Planned sample size was 100 pts. Inclusion criteria: 18–70 y, histologically confirmed cancer, previously untreated and candidates for an EPI-based regimen; LVEF ≥55%; ECOG PS 0- 2, no history of cardiac disease and previous mediastinal irradiation. Eligible pts were randomized to receive telmisartan 40 mg (1 tablet)/day or placebo, starting 1 week before EPI up to 6 months after the end of EPI administration. TDI as well as inflammatory/oxidative stress markers were assessed at baseline and after 7 days at EPI doses of 100, 200, 300, 400 mg/m2. Results: At January 2010 we enrolled 45 pts (M/F: 11/34, mean±SD age 53±10 years): 25 in Telmisartan and 20 in placebo arm. Forty-two pts completed EPI treatment (22 telmisartan and 20 placebo). A significant reduction of SR peak was observed at 200 mg/m2 of EPI both in the placebo (p<0.001) and the telmisartan arm (p=0.03). Vice versa, at higher cumulative doses (300 and 400 mg/m2 EPI) a significant higher reduction was observed in the placebo arm vs the telmisartan arm (p<0.001for both). Moreover, the diastolic function as assessed by Em/Am was significantly reduced in the placebo arm both at 200 and 300 mg/m2 of EPI (p <0.05 for both) whilst it was not reduced significantly in the telmisartan arm. Proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers did not change in the telmisartan arm whilst reactive oxygen species and IL-6 increased significantly in the placebo arm at EPI dosages≥ 200 mg/m2. Conclusions: The study is in progress up to pts accrual completion. No significant financial relationships to disclose.