tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Considerations in an Integrated Microsurgical-Stereotactic Approach to Lesions Affecting the Third Ventricular Chamber
Authors: Michael L. J. Apuzzo, Michael L. Levy
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1991)

The complexity of variables related to lesions affecting the third ventricular chamber provides both intellectual and technical challenges to the neurological surgeon responsible for management of such situations. Proper management minimizes patient risk and maximizes favorable therapeutic effects related to the lesion. This paper elaborates key variables in patient presentation, anatomical substrate and imaging definition with respect to the employment of technical nuances in an integrated microsurgical and imaging directed stereotactic approach which maximizes utilzation of the full spectrum of contemporary technical adjuvants and neurosurgical techniques. Comprehension of vital anatomical and physiological concepts relevant to microsurgical and stereotactic methods will be detailed.
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin versus capecitabine alone in locally advanced rectal cancer: Disease-free survival results at interim analysis.
Authors: Hans-Joachim Schmoll, Karin Haustermans, Timothy Jay Price, Bernard Nordlinger, Ralf Hofheinz, Jean-Francois Daisne, Jozef Janssens, Baruch Brenner, Peter Schmidt, Hans Reinel, Stephan Hollerbach, Karel Caca, Florian W.B. Fauth, Carla Hannig, John Raymond Zalcberg, Niall C. Tebbutt, Murielle E. Mauer, Carlo G. M. Messina, Manfred P. Lutz, Eric Van Cutsem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

3501 Background: The PETACC-6 trial investigates whether the addition of oxaliplatin to preoperative oral fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiation (CRT) followed by postoperative adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy (CT) improves disease-free survival (DFS) in locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Between 11/2008 and 09/2011, patients with rectal adenocarcinoma within 12 cm from the anal verge, T3/4 and/or node-positive, with no evidence of metastatic disease and considered either resectable at the time of entry or expected to become resectable, were randomly assigned to receive 5 weeks of preoperative CRT with capecitabine, followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant CT with capecitabine with (arm 2) or without (arm 1) the addition of oxaliplatin before and after surgery. 440 DFS events were required to have 80% power to detect an improvement in 3-year DFS from 65% with capecitabine alone to 72% with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (HR=0.763) using a two-sided alpha of 5% and owing for an interim analysis for early efficacy at 200 events. The primary analysis was intent-to-treat and adjusted for stratification factors (clinical T category, nodal status, distance from the tumor to the anal verge and method of locoregional staging) except the center. Results: 1094 patients were randomized (547 in each arm). 543 eligible patients in arm 1 and 526 in arm 2 started their allocated treatment of whom 67.4% completed protocol treatment in arm 1 vs. 53.8% in arm 2. An independent data monitoring committee reviewed the interim data and recommended the early release of the results. At median follow-up of 31 months, respectively 124 and 121 DFS events were observed in arm 1 and 2 (adjusted HR=1.036, 95% CI: 0.806 -1.331, P=0.781). 3-year DFS was 74.5% (95% CI: 70.1% - 78.3%) in arm 1, which is higher than anticipated vs. 73.9% (95% CI: 69.5% - 77.8%) in arm 2. Conditional power under HR=0.763 is only 7%. Conclusions: Interim results indicate that the addition of oxaliplatin to capecitabine plus radiotherapy does not improve DFS. Careful follow-up should continue until the planned 440 events to document any late treatment difference. Clinical trial information: NCT00766155.
Suzanne M Mitchell
Authors: Susan Downes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Suzanne M Mitchell’s mother was a teacher, and her father was an electronics engineer who was involved in the design of RADAR. Suzanne had a happy childhood in Buckinghamshire and attended Dr Challoner’s High School in Amersham. She subsequently embarked on her career in medicine in London at the Westminster, and qualified at the early age of 22. Despite being on a scientific trajectory, Suzanne was extremely interested in classical music and the arts, played the bassoon, and was a keen concert goer. She was adventurous and travelled frequently; on her elective to British Columbia she had to leap off the plane on to the frozen runway with a plane load of frozen melons raining around her and bouncing along, as the plane was able to stop long enough only to deposit her and the produce for the town. She always loved animals and enjoyed going …
Experts back genome editing in human embryo research
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Animals avoid predators and find the best food and mates by learning from the consequences of their behavior. However, reinforcers are not always uniquely appetitive or aversive but can have complex properties. Most intoxicating substances fall within this category; provoking aversive sensory and physiological reactions while simultaneously inducing overwhelming appetitive properties. Here we describe the subtle behavioral features associated with continued seeking for alcohol despite aversive consequences. We developed an automated runway apparatus to measure how <i>Drosophila</i> respond to consecutive exposures of a volatilized substance. Behavior within this Behavioral Expression of Ethanol Reinforcement Runway (BEER Run) demonstrated a defined shift from aversive to appetitive responses to volatilized ethanol. Behavioral metrics attained by combining computer vision and machine learning methods, reveal that a subset of 9 classified behaviors and component behavioral features associate with this shift. We propose this combination of 9 behaviors can be used to navigate the complexities of operant learning to reveal motivated goal-seeking behavior.
Initial Management and Follow-up of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Children
Authors: Steven G. Waguespack, Gary Francis
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

Children with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) often present with metastatic disease and have a high risk for recurrence, but rarely die of the disease. This article reviews DTC in children and discusses current approaches to their initial care and follow-up. These recommendations take into account the greater risk for recurrence and lower disease-specific mortality in these patients. Total thyroidectomy and central compartment lymph node dissection are appropriate for most children, but should be performed by a high-volume thyroid surgeon. Radioactive iodine (RAI) should generally be prescribed for those at very high risk for recurrence or known to have microscopic residual disease, and those with iodine-avid distant metastases. RAI should be considered in other patients only after carefully weighing the relative risks and benefits and the aggressiveness of the clinical presentation, because RAI may be associated with an increased risk for second malignancies and an increase in overall morbidity and mortality. All patients should be treated with thyroid hormone suppression, and follow-up should be lifelong. However, the degree of thyroid hormone suppression and frequency of disease surveillance usually decrease over time as patients are determined to be disease-free.
Abstract 11789: Intracoronary Delivery of Autologous Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Children With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: The Ticap Trial With 18-Month Follow Up
Authors: Shuta Ishigami, Suguru Tarui, Michihiro Okuyama, Daiki Ousaka, Shinichi Ohtsuki, Takahiro Eitoku, Junko Kobayashi, Shingo Kasahara, Shunji Sano, Hidemasa Oh
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Backgrounds:  Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is one of the severe malformations in congenital heart disease. This study is to investigate whether intracoronary delivery of autologous cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) is feasible and safe to treat the children with HLHS.   Methods and Design:  This phase 1 trial (TICAP: NCT01273857) is a prospective controlled study. Four-teen patients with HLHS who are undergoing staged-2 or -3 surgical palliations were enrolled between January, 2011, and January, 2012. Seven patients assigned to receive intracoronary CDCs infusion 1 month after the shunt procedures followed by 7 patients allocated to a control group with standard palliations. The primary endpoint was to assess the safety and the secondary endpoint was to evaluate the cardiac function and heart failure status from the baseline through 18 months of follow-up.   Results:  No complications, including cardiac death, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, re-hospitalization, and tumor formation, were reported within 18 months after CDCs infusion. Echocardiography showed that the absolute improvement of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was greater in the CDCs-treated group (+7.1±5.5%) than in controls (+2.1±0.7%, P=0.04) at 18 months. Compared with controls, cMRI analysis showed that patients with CDCs infusion had significantly increased RVEF (31.5±6.8% vs 40.4±7.6%, P=0.04) and reduced end-systolic volume index at 18 months (P=0.049). The improved mechanical output was addressed by a gain of end-systolic elastance (P=0.03) and ventriculo-arterial coupling (P=0.02) in CDC-treated group at 18-month compared with baseline. The increased cardiac performance in long-term resulted in greater somatic growth (weight-for-age z score, P=0.02), reduced heart failure status assessed by Ross classification (P=0.004) and NYU PHF index (P=0.04), decrease in BNP levels (P=0.049), and significantly lower incidence of coil occlusion for collaterals (P=0.007) by 18 months after CDC transfer than controls.   Conclusion:  Transcoronary infusion of CDCs appeared to be feasible and safe to treat the patients with HLHS. These initial results provide the basis for larger studies to assess the efficacy of this novel therapeutic approach in children.
BRCA1 breast cancer risk is modified by CYP19 polymorphisms in Ashkenazi Jews
Authors: L. Raskin, F. Lejbkowicz, O. Barnett-Griness, D. Reisfeld, S. Dishon, R. Almog, G. Rennert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

10511 Background: The lack of full penetrance of mutations in the BRCA genes suggests the possible existence of other modifying genes and/or environmental factors. Exposure to sex hormones is an established major risk factor for breast cancer. The polymorphisms ( rs700518 (Val80), [TTTA]n) in CYP19, a gene encoding the estrogen synthesizing enzyme P450 aromatase, may be associated with risk of breast cancer in BRCA carriers and/or non-carriers. Methods: An analysis of 922 breast cancer cases and 901 healthy controls, including 408 BRCA carriers and 1,415 non-carriers was carried out. Cases and controls of Ashkenazi origin came from a population-based case-control study of breast cancer in Northern Israel, enriched with BRCA carriers (with and without cancer) from a clinical familial cancer service. DNA samples were genotyped for Ashkenazi BRCA1,2 mutations (185delAG, 5382insC, 6174delT) and CYP19 polymorphisms by allelic discrimination using 7900HT ABI sequence detection system. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, SAS, and R language. Results: The Val80 G/G genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer as compared to the A/A genotype in BRCA1 carriers (OR=2.2; 95%CI=1.04–4.53; p=0.039) but not in BRCA2 carriers (OR=0.45, 95%CI=0.17–1.16; p=0.098). A similar magnitude association, though not statistically significant, was found between the Val80 and ER-negative status of breast tumors. A reconstructed common haplotype composed of four haplotype-tagging SNPs in Haplotype Block 4, covering the CYP19 coding region, was also significantly associated with breast cancer risk in 210 carriers of BRCA1 (OR=3.4; 95%CI=1.5–7.8; p=0.004). No significant association between CYP19 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk was found in non-carriers. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the CYP19 Val80 polymorphism and a haplotype including this polymorphism are associated with increased breast cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers. As a higher number of repeats in intron 4 ([TTTA]n polymorphism) is found in complete linkage disequilibrium with the Val80 G allele and is associated with higher estrogen levels, this mechanism could explain the phenotypic uniqueness of the carriers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Polyoma Virus Dose-Response Studies in Mice. I. Dwarfing, Tumor Incidence, and Antibody Response of Animals Infected in the Neonatal Period&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Paul M. Kraemer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Tumor incidences in groups of Swiss mice, inoculated as newborns with graded dilutions of a single polyoma virus pool and followed for 24 weeks, suggest a shallow dose-response curve. Evidence is presented that this curve is truncated in the high-dose region by the interfering effect of an early dose-dependent runting syndrome. Direct dose dependence was also demonstrated for both the occurrence of “any tumors” and the number of tumor types developing in a single animal. Within each dose group, single and multiple mammary tumors occurred more frequently in female than male animals. Evidence is presented that polyoma virus infection, initiated in Swiss mice as newborns, persists as a chronic infection with the shedding of virus into the saliva, feces, and especially into the urine, and continues in the presence of high serum antibody titer. The level of virus shedding in urine, feces, and saliva decreases with the passage of time. In the early weeks of infection, the level of virus excretion into saliva and feces is correlated with the infecting dose, but in later weeks dose-correlated differences disappear. No relation could be demonstrated between viral shedding and presence or absence of tumors. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) antibody titers ranged from 1:200 to 1:409,600 with most of the very high titers in animals with tumors. No clear relation could be demonstrated between HAI titer at necropsy and infecting dose per se.
Wide Complex Tachycardia in a Patient With a History of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sharana Hegde, Vineet Kumar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Preoperative chemotherapy and breast-conserving therapy: why not everyone?
Authors: A Recht
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.7.2479 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9215815 Preoperative chemotherapy and breast-conserving therapy: why not everyone? A RechtxA RechtSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.7.2479 First Page PDF © 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Effects of hydroxyurea treatment for patients with hemoglobin <scp>SC</scp> disease
Authors: Lori Luchtman‐Jones, Sara Pressel, Lee Hilliard, R. Clark Brown, Mary G. Smith, Alexis A. Thompson, Margaret T. Lee, Jennifer Rothman, Zora R. Rogers, William Owen, Hamayun Imran, Courtney Thornburg, Janet L. Kwiatkowski, Banu Aygun, Stephen Nelson, Carla Roberts, Cynthia Gauger, Connie Piccone, Theodosia Kalfa, Ofelia Alvarez, Kathryn Hassell, Barry R. Davis, Russell E. Ware
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Although hemoglobin SC (HbSC) disease is usually considered less severe than sickle cell anemia (SCA), which includes HbSS and HbS/β 0 ‐thalassemia genotypes, many patients with HbSC experience severe disease complications, including vaso‐occlusive pain, acute chest syndrome, avascular necrosis, retinopathy, and poor quality of life. Fully 20 years after the clinical and laboratory efficacy of hydroxyurea was proven in adult SCA patients, the safety and utility of hydroxyurea treatment for HbSC patients remain unclear. Recent NHLBI evidence‐based guidelines highlight this as a critical knowledge gap, noting HbSC accounts for ∼30% of sickle cell patients within the United States. To date, only 5 publications have reported short‐term, incomplete, or conflicting laboratory and clinical outcomes of hydroxyurea treatment in a total of 71 adults and children with HbSC. We now report on a cohort of 133 adult and pediatric HbSC patients who received hydroxyurea, typically for recurrent vaso‐occlusive pain. Hydroxyurea treatment was associated with a stable hemoglobin concentration; increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV); and reduced white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and absolute reticulocyte count (ARC). Reversible cytopenias occurred in 22% of patients, primarily neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Painful events were reduced with hydroxyurea, more in patients &gt;15 years old. These multicenter data support the safety and potentially salutary effects of hydroxyurea treatment for HbSC disease; however, a multicenter, placebo‐controlled, Phase 3 clinical trial is needed to determine if hydroxyurea therapy has efficacy for patients with HbSC disease. Am. J. Hematol. 91:238–242, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstract 19684: The Deficiency of {beta}-Arrestin 2 Attenuates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice
Authors: Darshini Trivedi, Charles Loftin, Robert Langenbach
Journal: Circulation (2012)

β-arrestin 2 (βarr2 ) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that participates in the regulation of numerous signaling pathways by coupling with G-protein coupled receptors, such as the angiotens...
Experimental insights into the tubulointerstitial disease accompanying primary glomerular lesions.
Authors: A A Eddy
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Although chronic progressive tubulointerstitial (TI) disease plays a critical role in the outcome of patients with primary glomerular lesions, the basic mechanisms that generate the TI damage remain unclear. This review focuses on recent insights into this process that originate primarily from studies of animal models of glomerular injury. The acute phase, which is often clinically silent, is characterized by tubular epithelial cell injury and interstitial inflammation. Proposed mediators of tubular injury include antibodies, lysosomal enzymes, obstruction, reactive oxygen metabolites, and complement. Damaged tubules may regenerate or undergo necrosis or apoptosis. The identification of the molecular mediators of mononuclear cell recruitment to the interstitium is of current interest because of evidence that monocytes/macrophages play a key role in progressive interstitial scarring through the release of fibrosis-promoting cytokines, particularly transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). Events linked to the initiation of interstitial inflammation include the deposition of antibodies or immune complexes along the tubular basement membranes, T cell-dependent mechanisms, glomerular factors, and factors linked to proteinuria. Several molecules likely regulate the interstitial migration of circulating monocytes, although the critical mediators are presently unknown. Candidates include chemotactic factors such as intercrines, growth factors, complement, lipid factors, osteopontin, and monocyte adhesion molecules (beta 1 integrins, beta 2 integrins, and L-selectins). The hallmark of the chronic phase of TI damage is interstitial fibrosis. Of the several candidate fibrogenic cytokines, to date, only TGF-beta 1 has been studied in any detail. TGF-beta 1 is produced by interstitial inflammatory cells and appears to trigger increased matrix production by perivascular and interstitial fibroblasts. Awaiting clarification is the role of tubular cells in vivo as a source of fibrogenic cytokines or as a site of increased matrix synthesis, activities they do perform in vitro. Preliminary studies suggest that interstitial fibrosis may also be due in part to the failure of matrix degradation by metalloproteinases and plasmin as a result of the overexpression of the enzyme inhibitors. The existence of an intrarenal matrix-degrading enzyme cascade suggests that renal fibrosis may be reversible, at least to a limited extent. In summary, during the early stage of glomerular injury, numerous cellular and molecular mediators of acute interstitial disease are activated and ultimately converge on common pathways that lead to progressive renal scarring.
Hundreds of unnecessary surgeries were done by physician assistant in $150m fraud
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Two doctors are among 15 people indicted in California in a $150m (£100m; €135m) medical insurance fraud in which conditions requiring surgery were falsely diagnosed in patients who were then operated on by an unqualified assistant.

The alleged ringleader of the fraud, the Stanford and Harvard trained orthopedic surgeon Munir Uwaydah, 49, is accused of paying kickbacks to compensation lawyers and other intermediaries to refer patients to his company, Frontline Medical Services of Los Angeles. Larger amounts were paid for referrals that led to surgery, prosecutors allege, and in some cases reluctant patients were also paid to go under the knife so that their insurers could be billed. Uwaydah also allegedly altered magnetic resonance imaging reports to justify surgery.

In hundreds of cases, the prosecutors claim, patients were anesthetized believing that Uwaydah would operate on them, only to have him leave the operation …