tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transthoracic Electrical Impedance in Cases of High-altitude Hypoxia
Authors: S. B. Roy, V. Balasubramanian, M. R. Khan, V. S. Kaushik, S. C. Manchanda, S. K. Guha
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Changes in transthoracic electrical impedance (T.E.I.) due to high-altitude hypoxia (3,658 m) have been measured in 20 young, healthy Indian soldiers. They were first studied at sea level (198 m) and then rapidly transported by air to 3,658 m, where they were studied daily from day 1 to day 5 and then on days 8 and 10. The mean (+/-S.D.) T.E.I. at sea level (34.6+/-0.6Omega) fell sharply to 29.6+/-0.8Omega, 30.3+/-0.9Omega, and 30.5+/-1.1Omega on days 1, 2, and 3 (P <0.001) and levelled off at 31.5+/-0.7Omega on day 10, which was comparable to the mean value obtained in 13 persons permanently resident at high altitude (32.2+/-0.7Omega). Five sea-level residents who had acute mountain sickness (A.M.S.) or high-altitude pulmonary oedema (H.A.P.O.) had a still lower mean value (22.5+/-1.1Omega). One normal healthy subject who at sea level had a T.E.I. of 34.7Omega developed H.A.P.O. when the T.E.I. fell to 21.1Omega. Ninety minutes after the administration of 80 mg of intravenous frusemide the value increased to 35.5Omega. In another subject with A.M.S. who received 40 mg of frusemide intravenously the T.E.I. rose from 21.9 to 33.2Omega.Since the study was non-invasive the changes in impedance could not be correlated objectively with alterations in either pulmonary blood volume or pulmonary extravascular water space. In the subject, however, with x-ray evidence of H.A.P.O. and a low T.E.I. intravenous frusemide produced a marked rise in T.E.I. together with clearing of the chest x-ray picture within 24 hours, indicating an inverse relationship between impedance and thoracic fluid volume. It is suggested that with further objective verification in man the measurement of T.E.I. may be a potentially promising technique for the early detection of increased pulmonary fluid volume.
Hyperlipidaemic state and cardiovascular risk in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: M Longo, A Crosignani, P M Battezzati, C Squarcia Giussani, P Invernizzi, M Zuin, M Podda
Journal: Gut (2002)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), a chronic cholestatic liver disease, is frequently associated with severe hypercholesterolaemia but the clinical significance of this finding is unclear.To characterise changes in serum lipid profile over time and to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease in PBC.We studied a cohort of 400 PBC patients for 6.2 years (range 4 months to 24 years) by serial determinations of serum lipid levels and registration of all cardiovascular events. Subjects included in an Italian prospective population based study served as controls.At presentation, 76% of patients had serum cholesterol levels >5.2 mmol/l. Hyperbilirubinaemic patients had higher total cholesterol and lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (p<0.001). With time, disease progression was associated with a reduction in total (p<0.001) and HDL (p<0.05) cholesterol. The incidence of cardiovascular events was similar to that of the general population (cerebrovascular events: standardised ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 0.5-3.7; coronary events: 2.2; 0.9-4.3). Hypertension was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events (3.8; 1.6-8.9). Association with moderate hypercholesterolaemia was of borderline significance (3.8; 0.9-17) whereas severe hypercholesterolaemia was not associated with increased risk (2.4, 0.5-11).In PBC, serum cholesterol levels markedly increase with worsening of cholestasis, and decrease in the late disease stages, despite a severe reduction in biliary secretion. Marked hypercholesterolaemia, typical of severe longstanding cholestasis, is not associated with an excess risk of cardiovascular disease while less advanced patients with moderate hypercholesterolaemia are exposed to an increased cardiovascular risk. Putative protective factors in PBC patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia should be assessed.
Effect of Expanded Newborn Screening for Biochemical Genetic Disorders on Child Outcomes and Parental Stress
Authors: Susan E Waisbren, Simone Albers, Steve Amato, Mary Ampola, Thomas G Brewster, Laurie Demmer, Roger B Eaton, Robert Greenstein, Mark Korson, Cecilia Larson, Deborah Marsden, Michael Msall, Edwin W Naylor, Siegfried Pueschel, Margretta Seashore, Vivian E Shih, Harvey L Levy
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextTandem mass spectrometry now allows newborn screening for more than 20 biochemical genetic disorders. Questions about the effectiveness and risks of expanded newborn screening for biochemical genetic disorders need to be answered prior to its widespread acceptance as a state-mandated program.ObjectivesTo compare newborn identification by expanded screening with clinical identification of biochemical genetic disorders and to assess the impact on families of a false-positive screening result compared with a normal result in the expanded newborn screening program.DesignProspective study involving an inception cohort of newly diagnosed children.SettingMassachusetts, Maine, and a private laboratory in Pennsylvania with expanded newborn screening; other New England states with limited screening.ParticipantsFamilies of 50 affected children identified through expanded newborn screening (82% of eligible cases); 33 affected children identified clinically (97% of eligible cases); 94 screened children with false-positive results (75% of eligible cases); and 81 screened children with normal results (63% of eligible cases).Main Outcome MeasuresChild's health and development and the Parental Stress Index.ResultsWithin the first 6 months of life, 28% of children identified by newborn screening compared with 55% of clinically identified children required hospitalization (P = .02). One child identified by newborn screening compared with 8 (42%) identified clinically performed in the range of mental retardation (P&lt;.001). Mothers in the screened group reported lower overall stress on the Parental Stress Index than mothers in the clinically identified group (z = 3.38, P&lt;.001). Children with false-positive results compared with children with normal results were twice as likely to experience hospitalization (21% [n = 20] vs 10% [n = 8], respectively; P = .06). Mothers of children in the false-positive group compared with mothers of children with normal screening results attained higher scores on the Parental Stress Index (z = 4.25, P&lt;.001) and the Parent-Child Dysfunction subscale (z = 5.30, P&lt;.001).ConclusionsExpanded newborn screening may lead to improved health outcomes for affected children and lower stress for their parents. However, false-positive screening results may place families at risk for increased stress and parent-child dysfunction.
Central venous catheter-related infections in hematology and oncology: 2012 updated guidelines on diagnosis, management and prevention by the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology
Authors: M. Hentrich, E. Schalk, M. Schmidt-Hieber, I. Chaberny, S. Mousset, D. Buchheidt, M. Ruhnke, O. Penack, H. Salwender, H.-H. Wolf, M. Christopeit, S. Neumann, G. Maschmeyer, M. Karthaus
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Genetic Variation in Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 and Mammographic Density in Singapore Chinese Women
Authors: Eunjung Lee, David Van Den Berg, Chris Hsu, Giske Ursin, Woon-Puay Koh, Jian-Min Yuan, Daniel O. Stram, Mimi C. Yu, Anna H. Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

TGF-β plays a critical role in normal mammary development and morphogenesis. Decreased TGF-β signaling has been associated with increased mammographic density. Percent mammographic density (PMD) adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI) is a strong risk factor and predictor of breast cancer risk. PMD is highly heritable, but few genetic determinants have been identified. We investigated the association between genetic variation in TGFB1 and PMD using a cross-sectional study of 2,038 women who were members of the population-based Singapore Chinese Health Study cohort. We assessed PMD using a computer-assisted method. We used linear regression to examine the association between nine tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of TGFB1 and PMD and their interaction with parity, adjusting for age, BMI, and dialect group. We calculated P values adjusted for correlated tests (P(ACT)) to account for multiple testing. The strongest association was observed for rs2241716. Adjusted PMD was higher by 1.5% per minor allele (P(ACT) = 0.04). When stratifying by parity, this association was limited to nulliparous women. For nulliparous women, adjusted PMD was higher by 8.6% per minor allele (P(ACT) = 0.003; P for interaction with parity = 0.002). Three additional TGFB1 tagging SNPs, which were in linkage disequilibrium with rs2241716, were statistically significantly associated with adjusted PMD (P(ACT) < 0.05) for nulliparous women. However, none of these three SNPs showed statistically significant association after adjusting for rs2241716. Our data support that TGFB1 genetic variation may be an important genetic determinant of mammographic density measure that predicts breast cancer risk, particularly in nulliparous women.
Evolution of acute chest syndrome in sickle cell trait: an ultrastructural and light microscopic study.
Authors: P S Hasleton, K Orr, A Webster, R A Lawson
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Light and electron microscopic studies of a patient with sickle cell trait who had an episode of sickling during coronary artery surgery, from which he died, showed fibrin thrombi, focal alveolar wall necrosis, and epithelial cell damage. It is suggested that in cases of sickle trait full precautionary measures should be taken to prevent sickling in these circumstances.
SapC-DOPS nanovesicles induce Smac- and Bax-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial activation in neuroblastomas
Authors: Mahaboob K Sulaiman, Zhengtao Chu, Victor M Blanco, Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu, Robert S Franco, Xiaoyang Qi
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

High toxicity, morbidity and secondary malignancy render chemotherapy of neuroblastoma inefficient, prompting the search for novel compounds. Nanovesicles offer great promise in imaging and treatment of cancer. SapC-DOPS, a stable nanovesicle formed from the lysosomal protein saposin C and dioleoylphosphatidylserine possess strong affinity for abundantly exposed surface phosphatidylserine on cancer cells. Here, we show that SapC-DOPS effectively targets and suppresses neuroblastoma growth and elucidate the molecular mechanism of SapC-DOPS action in neuroblastoma in vitro.In vivo targeting of neuroblastoma was assessed in xenograft mice injected intravenously with fluorescently-labeled SapC-DOPS. Xenografted tumors were also used to demonstrate its therapeutic efficacy. Apoptosis induction in vivo was evaluated in tumor sections using the TUNEL assay. The mechanisms underlying the induction of apoptosis by SapC-DOPS were addressed through measurements of cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM), flow cytometric DNA fragmentation assays and by immunoblot analysis of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac), Bax, Cytochrome c (Cyto c) and Caspase-3 in the cytosol or in mitochondrial fractions of cultured neuroblastoma cells.SapC-DOPS showed specific targeting and prevented the growth of human neuroblastoma xenografts in mice. In neuroblastoma cells in vitro, apoptosis occurred via a series of steps that included: (1) loss of ΔΨM and increased mitochondrial superoxide formation; (2) cytosolic release of Smac, Cyto c, AIF; and (3) mitochondrial translocation and polymerization of Bax. ShRNA-mediated Smac knockdown and V5 peptide-mediated Bax inhibition decreased cytosolic Smac and Cyto c release along with caspase activation and abrogated apoptosis, indicating that Smac and Bax are critical mediators of SapC-DOPS action. Similarly, pretreatment with the mitochondria-stabilizing agent bongkrekic acid decreased apoptosis indicating that loss of ΔΨM is critical for SapC-DOPS activity. Apoptosis induction was not critically dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Cyclophilin D, since pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine and cyclosporine A, respectively, did not prevent Smac or Cyto c release.Taken together, our results indicate that SapC-DOPS acts through a mitochondria-mediated pathway accompanied by an early release of Smac and Bax. Specific tumor-targeting capacity and anticancer efficacy of SapC-DOPS supports its potential as a dual imaging and therapeutic agent in neuroblastoma therapy.
Delayed onset of vastii muscle activity in response to rapid postural perturbations following eccentric exercise: a mechanism that underpins knee pain after eccentric exercise?
Authors: Nosratollah Hedayatpour, Deborah Falla
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Appropriate timing of activity of the vastus medialis obliqus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles is a key factor for proper tracking of the patella in the trochlear groove during knee extension. This study investigates the relative timing of activation of the VMO and VL muscles during unexpected perturbations performed before and after eccentric exercise.Surface electromyography signals were recorded from the VMO and VL muscles of the right leg in 11 healthy men during rapid postural perturbations performed at baseline, immediately after eccentric exercise of the quadriceps, and at 24 and 48 h after exercise. Participants stood on a moveable platform during which eight randomised postural perturbations were performed (4 repetitions of 2 perturbation types: 8 cm forward slides, 8 cm backward slides).Before the eccentric exercise, the onset of VMO activity was significantly earlier than the VL muscle (average for both forward and backward perturbations: VMO 39.0±7.1 ms; VL 43.7±7.9 ms). However, the onset of VMO activity was significantly later compared with VL muscle immediately after eccentric exercise and this remained 24 and 48 h after eccentric exercise (average across all postexercise sessions and perturbation directions: VMO 72.3±11.1 ms; VL 56.0±8.2 ms; p<0.05).The onset of VMO-VL activity in response to rapid destabilising perturbations is altered immediately after eccentric exercise and during eccentric exercise-induced muscle soreness up to 48 h later. These observations may help explain the high prevalence of knee disorders after high intensity eccentric exercise.
Prospective Cohort Study of Hospital Palliative Care Teams for Inpatients With Advanced Cancer: Earlier Consultation Is Associated With Larger Cost-Saving Effect
Authors: Peter May, Melissa M. Garrido, J. Brian Cassel, Amy S. Kelley, Diane E. Meier, Charles Normand, Thomas J. Smith, Lee Stefanis, R. Sean Morrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Previous studies report that early palliative care is associated with clinical benefits, but there is limited evidence on economic impact. This article addresses the research question: Does timing of palliative care have an impact on its effect on cost?
RNA is favourable for analysing EGFR mutations in malignant pleural effusion of lung cancer
Authors: T.-H. Tsai, K.-Y. Su, S.-G. Wu, Y.-L. Chang, S.-C. Luo, I.-S. Jan, C.-J. Yu, S.-L. Yu, J.-Y. Shih, P.-C. Yang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a useful specimen allowing for the evaluation of <i>EGFR</i> status in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, direct sequencing of genomic DNA from MPE samples was found not to be sensitive for <i>EGFR</i> mutation detection. To test whether <i>EGFR</i> analysis from RNA is less prone to interference from nontumour cells that have no or lower <i>EGFR</i> expression, we compared three methods (sequencing from cell-derived RNA <i>versus</i> sequencing and mass-spectrometric analysis from genomic DNA), in parallel, for <i>EGFR</i> mutation detection from MPE samples in 150 lung adenocarcinoma patients receiving first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Among these MPE samples, <i>EGFR</i> mutations were much more frequently identified by sequencing using RNA than by sequencing and mass-spectrometric analysis from genomic DNA (for all mutations, 67.3 <i>versus</i> 44.7 and 46.7%; for L858R or exon 19 deletions, 61.3 <i>versus</i> 41.3 and 46.7%, respectively). The better mutation detection yield of sequencing from RNA was coupled with the superior prediction of clinical efficacy of first-line TKIs. In patients with acquired resistance,<i> EGFR</i> sequencing from RNA provided satisfactory detection of T790M (54.2%). These results demonstrated that <i>EGFR</i> sequencing using RNA as template greatly improves sensitivity for <i>EGFR</i> mutation detection from samples of MPE, highlighting RNA as the favourable source for analysing <i>EGFR</i> mutations from heterogeneous MPE specimens in NSCLC.
Relationship Between Time Interval From Primary Surgery to the Start of Taxane- Plus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy and Clinical Outcome of Patients With Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Results of a Multicenter Retrospective Italian Study
Authors: Angiolo Gadducci, Enrico Sartori, Fabio Landoni, Paolo Zola, Tiziano Maggino, Angelo Maggioni, Stefania Cosio, Eleonora Frassi, Maria Teresa LaPresa, Luca Fuso, Renza Cristofani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose To assess whether the interval from primary surgery to the start of taxane- plus platinum-based chemotherapy has any impact on the clinical outcome of advanced ovarian cancer patients. Patients and Methods The study was conducted on 313 patients who underwent surgery followed by taxane- plus platinum-based chemotherapy. The median follow-up of survivors was 30.7 months (range, 6 to 109 months). Results The 25%, 50%, and 75% quantiles of intervals from surgery to the start of chemotherapy were 11, 21, and 31 days, respectively. After the sixth cycle, 102 patients achieved a pathologic complete response at second-look surgery and 98 obtained a clinical complete response but were not submitted to second-look surgery. Taking into consideration the best assessed response, a complete (either clinical or pathologic) response was found in 200 patients. Residual disease (≤ 1 v &gt; 1 cm; P &lt; .0001) and ascites (absent v present; P = .003) were independent predictive factors for achieving a complete response, whereas residual disease (P = .001) and stage (IIc to III v IV; P = .04) were independent prognostic variables for survival. Conversely, statistical analyses failed to detect significant differences in complete response rates and survival among patients with an interval from surgery to chemotherapy shorter than 11 days, 12 to 21 days, 22 to 31 days, and longer than 31 days. Conclusion The interval from surgery to the start of taxane- plus platinum-based chemotherapy seems to have neither a predictive value for response to treatment nor a prognostic relevance for survival of advanced ovarian cancer patients.
Multicenter phase II trial of adjuvant therapy for resected pancreatic cancer using cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and interferon-alfa-2b–based chemoradiation: ACOSOG Trial Z05031
Authors: V.J. Picozzi, R.A. Abrams, P.A. Decker, W. Traverso, E.M. O'Reilly, E. Greeno, R.C. Martin, L.S. Wilfong, M.L. Rothenberg, M.C. Posner, P.W.T. Pisters
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Right ventricular abnormalities assessed by myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography using technetium-99m sestamibi/tetrofosmin in right ventricle-originated ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Mariko Eguchi, Kazufumi Tsuchihashi, Tomoaki Nakata, Akiyoshi Hashimoto, Kazuaki Shimamoto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
THE EFFECT OF ODOURS, IRRITANT VAPOURS, AND MENTAL WORK UPON THE BLOOD FLOW
Authors: T. E. Shields
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1896)

The most important of this investigation has been the completion of various improvements in the construction and use of the plethysmograph, by means of which numerous errors attending the use of the instrument have been eliminated. The results of the work show that all olfactory sensations, so far as they produce any effect through the vasomotor system, tend to diminish the volume of the arm, and therefore presumably cause a congestion of the brain. Whenever the stimulation occassions an increase in the volume of the arm, as sometimes happens, it seems to be due to acceleration of the heart rate, which, of course, tends also to increase the supply of blood to the brain. The of odours varies in extent with different individuals, and with the same individual at different times. It was most marked in subjects sensitive to odours. Irritant vapours, such as formic acid, have a marked effect in the same direction—that is, they cause a strong diminution in the volume of the arm. The experiments give no support to the view that pleasant sensations are accompanied by a diminution of the See PDF for Structure blood supply to the brain and unpleasant sensations by the reverse efeect. In all my experiments mental work caused a marked and prolonged diminution in the volume of the arm. This vasomotor effect was sometimes preceded by a transitory increase in the volume of the arm caused by acceleration of heart rate.
The incidence of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency alleles in Polish population - Preliminary results from newborn screening
Authors: Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko, Radoslaw Struniawski, Beata Poplawska, Maria Borszewska-Kornacka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Data concerning the prevalence of A1AT deficiency in Poland are very limited due either to small groups analyzed or unreliable methodology.  Methods: DBS samples were collected prospectively from 658 newborns between September 2011 - January 2012. AAT serum concentration was measured by nephelometry and PI-phenotype identified by by real-time PCR. The PI*S and PI*Z alleles were confirmed by isoelectrofocusing.  Results: Deficiency S or Z allele was observed respectively in 10 (1,5%) and 18 (2,8%) DBS samples (in total 28 (4,3%) samples). Calculated frequencies expressed per 1000 were for PI*Z 13,7 (95% CI: 5,8-21,5), PI*S 7,6 (95% CI: 1,7-13,5). The AAT gene prevalence calculated by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were: 1/1.04 for MM, 1/67 for MS, 1/17319 for SS, 1/37 for MZ, 1/4810 for SZ and 1/5345 for ZZ. The mean A1AT concentration was 216±50 mg/dl, in non-S non-Z individuals 220±48 mg/dl, in PI*S carriers 178±33 mg/dl, in PI*Z 138±17 mg/dl.  Conclusion: Our results suggest considerably higher prevalence of deficiency alleles in Polish population than currently available data. In particular, the frequency of ZZ deficiency genotype is considerably higher (current best estimate 1/9110).
Unique Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines in Photodynamic Therapy, Imaging and Theranostics
Authors: Leanne B. Josefsen, Ross W. Boyle
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

Porphyrinic molecules have a unique theranostic role in disease therapy; they have been used to image, detect and treat different forms of diseased tissue including age-related macular degeneration and a number of different cancer types. Current focus is on the clinical imaging of tumour tissue; targeted delivery of photosensitisers and the potential of photosensitisers in multimodal biomedical theranostic nanoplatforms. The roles of porphyrinic molecules in imaging and pdt, along with research into improving their selective uptake in diseased tissue and their utility in theranostic applications are highlighted in this Review.
Points: Dangers of adding insulin to intravenous infusion bags
Authors: E M. Talbot
Journal: BMJ (1984)

but no obstructing lesion or other abnormality were found.He had an uneventful recovery.Acute pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel is a recognised, potentially fatal, clinical syndrome.'The mechanism is unknown, but the condition may be associated with serious pathology inside or outside the abdomen.'-3Our experience suggests that pulmonary thromboembolism may lead to this condition.1 Addison NV.Pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel.