tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
919 ANEMIA AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH TELAPREVIR TWICE DAILY VERSUS EVERY 8 HOURS IN THE PHASE III OPTIMIZE STUDY
Authors: S. Zeuzem, M. Buti, K. Agarwal, Y. Horsmans, W. Sievert, E. Janczewska, L. Nyberg, R.S. Brown, C. Hezode, M. Rizzetto, R. Parana, S. De Meyer, R. De Masi, D. Luo, R. Van Solingen-Ristea, J. Witek
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
P688 LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF INACTIVE AND LOW VIREMIC HBeAg NEGATIVE ACTIVE CARRIERS: BENIGN ONE DIRECTION TRANSITION TOWARDS SPONTANEOUS HBsAg CLEARANCE
Authors: L. Surace, P. Colombatto, F. Oliveri, F. Moriconi, D. Cavallone, B. Coco, P. Ciccorossi, C. Rastelli, V. Romagnoli, B. Cherubini, G. Ricco, F. Bonino, M.R. Brunetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
LEFT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL FUNCTION ASSESSED WITH CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING EFFECTIVELY RECLASSIFIES PATIENT RISK BEYOND CLINICAL VARIABLES
Authors: Vibhav S. Rangarajan, Satish Chacko, Nikhil Jariwala, Simone Romano, Jay Patel, Jaehoon Chung, Afshin Farzaneh-Far
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
SO-05 * CASE REPORT: A RARE CASE OF SPINAL GBM
Authors: F. Wajnsztajn, R. Krel, A. Kowalska
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: We describe a rare case of primary glioblastoma in the spinal cord and compare the clinical presentation to the few previously described in literature. BACKGROUD: While GBM is the most common primary CNS malignancy in adults, spinal GBM is a very rare condition. Primary intramedullary tumors are infrequent and account for 2-4% of all CNS tumor. Spinal GBM accounts for only1-5% of all glioblastomas. Moreover, spinal GBM has a predilection for the cervical or thoracic region in >60% of cases. Recognized for its poor prognosis, discussion about those cases, available treatments and outcomes are required to improve survival and ensure quality of life. We described a 49 -year-old male, previously healthy, who presented with severe lower back pain for 4 months, associated with paresthesia of the lower extremities. Contrast MRI of the spine revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass extending from T12-L2. Patient underwent a laminectomy with subtotal resection of intramedullary spinal cord. Histopathology revealed a WHO grade IV tumor. Patient was started on radiotherapy and temozolomide. RESULTS: Surgical pathology revealed WHO grade IV tumor. Patient finished his radiotherapy course and is currently undergoing chemotherapy treatment CONCLUSION: Intramedullary GBM is a very rare disease. Despite aggressive therapy with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, all current measures lead to disappointing results, with survival prognosis around 15 months. MRI findings can be unspecific and final diagnosis is made on histologic basis. Excessive resection is difficult in intramedullary lesions, which contributes to the poor prognosis. In addition, leptomeningeal spread is expected in 25-60% of the cases. Most spinal GBM are reported at the cervical level although in the case of our patient, a thoracolumbar level delayed the diagnosis when initially treated as a lower back pain. Early diagnosis, constant discussions and research are required to improve outcome.
A new model of arthritis induced by a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase peptide: immunological requirements and peptide characterisation
Authors: Angela Pizzolla, Frida Laulund, Kajsa Wing, Rikard Holmdahl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Immune reactivity to the ubiquitous glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) protein leads to arthritis development. Immunisation with human GPI protein leads to severe arthritis on DBA/1 background, but not on C57Bl/10.Q (B10.Q).12 Recently, a peptide of the human GPI protein was identified as arthrititogenic in DBA/1 mice: hGPI<sub>325-339</sub> peptide.3 The authors tested whether hGPI<sub>325-339</sub> peptide could induce arthritis in B10.Q mice and the authors characterised the immunological pathways involved and the features that render the peptide arthritogenic. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Arthritis was induced by immunisation of the mice with the purchased peptides (Schafer-N) diluted in DMSO and PBS and emulsified with CFA (Difco). Different knock-out and congenic mice on the B10 background were tested. After immunisation, T cell response was characterised by measuring cytokines after in vitro re-stimulation of lymph node cells. The B cell response was analysed by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the antibody production. MHC binding assay tested the capacity of peptides to compete with the invariant chain peptide for binding to recombinant MHC A<sup>q</sup> molecule. <h3>Results</h3> The hGPI<sub>325-339</sub> peptide could induce arthritis in B10.Q mice. The disease severity was increased by the <i>Ncf1</i> mutation, a regulatory component of the NADPH oxidase complex 2 (NOX2), known to increase arthritis severity in other models.4–6 Arthritis development was dependent on the presence of T cells and B cells and restricted to some MHC II haplotypes. Following immunisation with hGPI<sub>325-339</sub> peptide Th1 and Th17 cells got primed. T cells and B cells cross-reacted to the murine GPI protein. Low antibody response to GPI proteins and peptides was detectable. The phenilalanine in position 331 was crucial for arthritis development and binding to MHC, a residue that differs between human and murine peptide. <i>Ncf1</i> mutated but not wt mice developed a very mild disease after immunisation with mGPI<sub>325-339</sub> peptide followed by priming of anti-mGPI<sub>325-339</sub> peptide Th1 and Th17 cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The authors describe a new peptide-induced arthritis which shares important features with previously described arthritis models, as the influence of the MHC haplotype and of the binding to the MHC molecule, an intact adaptive immune system and NCF1 function. A possible target for autoimmunity in vivo could be identified in an endogenous protein. Differently from other arthritis models, the poor antibody response to the immunogen suggests either skewing of the antibody response to unknown targets or the development of arthritis independently from antibodies. Both hypotheses are worth further investigation.
Abstract 90: Mining for cancer causing mutations in whole genome sequence data
Authors: Andrew Menzies, Philip J. Stephens, David Beare, Adam Butler, Simon Forbes, Mingming Jia, David Jones, Catherine Leroy, John Marshall, Keiran Raine, Lucy A. Stebbings, Jon W. Teague, P Andrew Futreal, Michael R. Stratton, Peter J. Campbell
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The Cancer Genome Project at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK is using massively parallel sequencing technologies to systematically screen exome and genome sequence for diverse categories of mutations. The rapid developments in new sequencing technologies have allowed many new approaches for the detection and characterisation of a wide range of mutation types. We employ a variety of automated and semi-automated techniques to identify and classify copy number variation, chromosomal rearrangements, small insertion/deletion and substitution mutations in both cell lines and primary tumours. Large scale, genome wide changes are detected by mapping read-pairs to a reference genome. Copy number is assessed by taking correctly mapping read-pairs, applying a circular binary segmentation algorithm and correcting for regional mapping bias throughout the genome. Using the high quality read mappings where the paired reads are an unexpected distance apart, putative rearrangements can be identified and confirmed either by local de novo sequence assembly where high sequencing coverage is available or by capillary sequencing for low coverage data. Smaller scale mutations are detected using local read coverage to provide detailed information on the genotype and allelic content of samples. The detection techniques can be used on both whole genome and exome pull-down sequence data. Substitutions are detected using a novel algorithm based on expectation maximisation (Calculate Variants with Expectation Maximisation using New sequencing technology, or CaVEMaN) written in-house and confirmed using capillary sequencing. Putative mutations of all types are compared to external resources (eg Ensembl, dbSNP) to infer genomic context and possible deleterious consequences. In-house tools have been developed to help automate the curation and annotation of mutations and once confirmed they are submitted to COSMIC as gene associated mutations, small scale intragenic mutations, chromosomal rearrangements or fusion gene products. Reference URL's Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute - http://www.sanger.ac.uk COSMIC - http://www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/cosmic CGP - http://www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/ Ensembl - http://www.ensembl.org dbSNP - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 90.
Fluorescein-enhanced autofluorescence imaging for accurate differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps: a feasibility study
Authors: L. Lim, M. Bajbouj, S. von Delius, A. Meining
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) is sensitive but not specific for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps. We aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescein-enhanced AFI (FAFI) in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps.All patients with colorectal polyps detected during AFI colonoscopy received intravenous fluorescein followed by AFI (FAFI). The video sequences were recorded and divided into a learning group and a test group. AFI and FAFI criteria for neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions were determined after viewing videos in the learning group unblinded to histology. Videos in the test group were viewed blinded to histology, and diagnoses of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic were made for AFI and FAFI using the predetermined criteria. Still frames were objectively measured for red:green ratio (AFI) and green contrast (FAFI).Eight videos (four neoplastic, four non-neoplastic) were used for the learning group. Criteria for neoplasia when using FAFI were determined as the presence of a patchy or granular pattern which appeared more fluorescent green compared with the background. For AFI, purple or pink represented neoplasia; green represented non-neoplasia. In the test group (13 neoplastic, 12 non-neoplastic), for differentiating between neoplasia and non-neoplasia, subjective analysis of video sequences yielded a sensitivity of 100 % for AFI and 100 % for FAFI ( P = 1.000), and a specificity of 16.7 % for AFI and 91.7 % for FAFI ( P = 0.004). Using objective color analysis, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.647 for AFI using the red:green ratio to distinguish between neoplasia and non-neoplasia, and 0.994 for FAFI using green contrast.FAFI accurately differentiated between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps.
547 DOWN-REGULATION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-2 AND -4 IN CIRCULATING NEUTROPHILS IN RESPONSE TO SYSTEMIC OXIDATIVE STRESS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION IN ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
Authors: J.M. Ryan, G.K. Mannakat Vijay, T.H. Thomas, L. Markwick, R.D. Abeles, N. Vergis, L.J. Blackmore, N.J. Taylor, S. Chokshi, J. O'Grady, D.L. Shawcross
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 4094: A human antibody to death receptor 5 has potent antitumor activity against rhabdomyosarcoma with the expression of caspase-8 predictive of response
Authors: Zhigang Kang, Junjie Chen, Yunkai Yu, Baolin Zhang, Liang Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common pediatric soft-tissue tumor. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and selectivity of drozitumab, a death receptor DR5-targeted therapeutic antibody, in RMS preclinical models. Experimental design: A panel of 12 RMS cell lines was used for in vitro studies. The molecular marker predictive of response was interrogated. Selected RMS cell lines were injected into the gastrocnemius muscle of mice for in vivo assessment of both potency and selectivity of drozitumab. Results: We report that DR5, but not DR4, persisted at high levels and on the surface of all RMS cell lines. DR5 antibody drozitumab was effective in vitro against the majority of RMS cell lines. There was a strong correlation between caspase-8 expression and the sensitivity to drozitumab, which induced the rapid assembly of the death-induced signaling complex (DISC) and the cleavage of caspase-8 only in sensitive cells. More importantly, caspase-8 catalytic activity was both necessary and sufficient in mediating the sensitivity to drozitumab. Furthermore, drozitumab had potent anti-tumor activity against established RMS xenografts with specificity as predicted from in vitro analysis, and with tumor free status in half of the treated mice. Conclusion: Our study provides the first preclinical evaluation on the potency and selectivity of a death receptor antibody in sarcoma. Drozitumab is effective against the majority of RMS in vitro with caspase-8 expression predictive of sensitivity and, in vivo, drozitumab may provide long-term control and cure of RMS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4094. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4094
Pressure Tracings in Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: S G Pollock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Pressure Tracings in Obstructive Cardiomyopathy. Simultaneous arterial (A) and left ventricular (LV) pressures were recorded in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The first three beats show a peak systolic gradient of 25 mm Hg. On the first sinus beat after a premature ventricular contraction (PVC), the peak-systolic gradient increases to over 100 mm Hg, but the pulse pressure (arterial systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure) decreases. This characteristic pattern is known as the Brockenbrough-Braunwald sign. The decrease in pulse pressure after a premature ventricular contraction is due to reduced stroke volume caused by increased dynamic obstruction, which is . . .
AB0672 Carotid atherosclerosis in mexicans with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: I.J. Colunga-Pedraza, D.A. Galarza-Delgado, F. Gόngora-Rivera, S.L. Segarra-Linares, M.A. Garza-Elizondo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Premature atherosclerosis had been observed in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients, [1] but the reason for this accelerated process is still debatable [2] although traditional risk factors are more prevalent in those patients than general population, they do not seem to fully explain that enhanced risk [3]. In SLE mexicans we do not have enough information. <h3>Objectives</h3> To recognize premature atherosclerosis in Mexican SLE patients, through carotid ultrasound. <h3>Methods</h3> We did an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in mexican population, between 2 groups (69 SLE patients and 69 age-sex-diabetes-hypertension- matched subjects), realized biochemical and anthropometric measurements, and carotid ultrasound. <h3>Results</h3> We found a statistically significant higher prevalence of thickness in both internal carotid arteries, but we did not found association between carotid plaque and hypertension, diabetes or any cardiovascular risk factor. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Hence a multi-targeted approach to treatment which addresses both lupus-specific factors as well as the associated traditional cardiovascular risks is important to further reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease among our Mexican SLE patients. <h3>References</h3> Thomas GN, Tam LS, Tomlinson B, Li EK.Accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of the causes and possible prevention. Hong Kong Med J. 2002 Feb;8(1):26-32. Bruce IN. "Not only ... but also": factors that contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis and premature coronary heart disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford).2005 Dec;44(12):1492-502. Esdaile JM, Abrahamowicz M, Grodzicky T, Li Y, Panaritis C, du Berger R,et al.Traditional Framingham risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum.2001 Oct;44(10):2331-7. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Case 2-2002
Authors: Donald J. D'Amico, Thaddeus Dryja
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Presentation of CaseA 58-year-old woman was evaluated at the hospital because of loss of vision in her right eye.The patient had been in good general health until six months earlier, when narrow-angle glaucoma developed. Bilateral laser peripheral iridectomies were performed at that time, but she also required topical timolol, brimonidine, dorzolamide, and latanoprost; bilateral immature cataracts were followed.Six months later, the patient consulted an ophthalmologist because of recent loss of vision in the right eye. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/400 in the right eye and 20/50 in the left, with intraocular pressures of 26 and 25 . . .
Is the incidence of breast cancer among Asian women living in the UK, higher at a younger age than that of the Caucasian women?.
Authors: MZ Ullah, M Pericleous, M Jamal-Hanjani, B Pereira, SJ Snooks, M Keshtgar, T Davidson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5011 Introduction: The South Asian population comprises 3% of total UK population. An observational study showed that the Asian women living in the London boroughs of Redbridge and Camden present at a younger age with breast cancer than their Caucasian counterpart. This raises the question as to whether or not an earlier intervention with breast screening would be beneficial for this group.&amp;#x2028; Methods: To verify our study, we audited two centres in these London boroughs. The patients with breast cancer from areas with a higher concentration of women of South Asian ethnic origin have been audited from January 2000 to December 2007 (Total 9 years). The borough of Redbridge has an Asian population of 25% from a total of 240,000 residents and Camden has an Asian population of 10.4% from a total of 198,000 residents. Data was collected from the breast units and from patient databases of King George Hospital and Royal Free hospital, London, UK.&amp;#x2028; Results: A total of 1314(513+801) patients presented with breast cancer from January 2000 to December 2004 at King George Hospital and from January 2002 to December 2007 at Royal Free Hospital. 147(11.18%) of these patients were of South Asian origin (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan) and 1149 (87.44%) were Caucasian. The age at which breast cancer was presented for the Caucasian population ranges from 25 to 99 years with a mean of 65.16 in contrast to the age for the Asian population which ranges from 31 to 78 years with a mean of 54.04.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: The finding of a lower mean age of incidence of breast cancer amongst South Asian women in Redbridge and Camden raises the increased possibility of breast cancer occurring among younger women of the South Asian population in general, compared to Caucasian women living in the United Kingdom. The evidence of a generally younger age of presentation of breast cancer in Asian women living in the UK suggests that more awareness of this condition is needed amongst this group. Therefore, an earlier breast screening programme will possibly increase the chances of early detection of breast cancer among this group of patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5011.
PTU-225 Referral to GI endoscopy for anaemia, does the MCV really matter?
Authors: M Walshe, J Nolan, C Lahiff, P MacMathuna
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Anaemia is a common indication for referral to GI endoscopy services. Appropriate triage of these referrals may be aided by further characterisation of the anaemia and review of iron studies. However, value of the MCV in predicting a positive endoscopic finding has been questioned. Our aim was to determine predictors of positive endoscopic findings in patients referred to a single centre for investigation of anaemia in a 6-month period, in relation to full blood count (FBC), iron studies, and patient age. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective cohort study examining endoscopic procedures performed where anaemia without an obvious cause was the primary indication. Patients with overt GI haemorrhage were excluded. Data were extracted from an electronic database and specific parameters included demographic variables, indication(s) for endoscopy, haematological values, iron studies, and endoscopic findings. Positive endoscopy was defined as a finding considered responsible for the anaemia. Analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism and Microsoft Excel. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 359 endoscopic procedures (210 gastroscopies, 137 full colonoscopies, 12 left colonoscopies) were performed in 243 patients. In 48/243 (20%) patients, a cause for anaemia was found; 10/243 (4%) had malignancy; [3/243 (1%) gastric ca, 7/243 (3%) colorectal ca]. 38/243 (16%) had a non-malignant cause of anaemia, including gastric ulcer 15/243 (6%), angiodysplasia 13/243 (5%), duodenal ulcer 4/243 (2%), and coeliac disease 2/243 (1%). Endoscopy was normal or revealed incidental findings in the remaining 195/243 (80%) patients. Older age and higher RDW were significantly associated with positive endoscopy (p=0.006, p=0009 respectively). While the association with lower serum Hb trended towards significance (p=0.07), no association between MCV and positive endoscopy was observed (p=0.87). Low serum ferritin and MCV were significantly associated with malignancy (p=0.05, p=0.05), as was a higher RDW (p=0.03). <h3>Conclusion</h3> While a low MCV was significantly associated with malignancy on GI endoscopy, it was not significantly associated with a positive endoscopy overall. RDW is a good predictor of positive endoscopy with regard to both malignant and non-malignant causes of anaemia. Hence, the performance of GI endoscopy can be considered in the context of a normal MCV. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
The Ecology of Medical Care Revisited
Authors: Larry A. Green, George E. Fryer, Barbara P. Yawn, David Lanier, Susan M. Dovey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Since its publication in the Journal in 1961, "The Ecology of Medical Care," by White et al.,1 has provided a framework for thinking about the organization of health care, medical education, and research (Figure 1). This conceptualization, inspired in part by careful reporting on the part of British general practitioners,2 suggested that in a population of 1000 adults, in an average month, 750 reported an illness, 250 consulted a physician, 9 were hospitalized, 5 were referred to another physician, and 1 was referred to a university medical center. These data have been used repeatedly by investigators, authors of textbooks, task . . .