tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabonomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate in adults by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: G. de Laurentiis, D. Paris, D. Melck, M. Maniscalco, S. Marsico, G. Corso, A. Motta, M. Sofia
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive method for the study of airway lining fluid. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can provide biochemical profiles of metabolites in biological samples. The aim of the present study was to validate the NMR metabonomic analysis of EBC in adults, assessing the role of pre-analytical variables (saliva and disinfectant contamination) and the potential clinical feasibility. In total, 36 paired EBC and saliva samples, obtained from healthy subjects, laryngectomised patients and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, were analysed by means of (1)H-NMR spectroscopy followed by principal component analysis. The effect on EBC of disinfectant, used for reusable parts of the condenser, was assessed after different washing procedures. To evaluate intra-day repeatability, eight subjects were asked to collect EBC and saliva twice within the same day. All NMR saliva spectra were significantly different from corresponding EBC samples. EBC taken from condensers washed with recommended procedures invariably showed spectra perturbed by disinfectant. Each EBC sample clustered with corresponding samples of the same group, while presenting intergroup qualitative and quantitative signal differences (94% of the total variance within the data). In conclusion, the nuclear magnetic resonance metabonomic approach could identify the metabolic fingerprint of exhaled breath condensate in different clinical sets of data. Moreover, metabonomics of exhaled breath condensate in adults can discriminate potential perturbations induced by pre-analytical variables.
Successful treatment of severe rheumatoid vasculitis by infliximab
Authors: L Unger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

heumatoid vasculitis (RV) is a severe complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which like a primary necrotising vasculitis can affect any organ but characteristically presents with painful cutaneous ulcers and systemic inflammation. 1 2Usually patients with refractory RA are affected who, therefore, had already undergone extensive immunosuppressive treatment.The prognosis is poor and most patients die from infectious complications, cardiac failure, or cerebral insult. [3]4][5][6] Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is the preferred treatment but is often not well tolerated and does not contain the synovitis. 3 We report the cases of three patients with RV who could not sufficiently be treated by CYC and steroids but responded very well to infliximab infusion therapy. CASE REPORTSCase 1 A 48 year old male patient with longlasting RA was admitted because of general malaise, dyspnoea, oedema, pleural and pericardial effusions, increased creatinine and liver enzymes, leucocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, decreased C4 and CH 50 , and increased levels of circulating immune complexes.The diagnosis of RV was established.The patient's condition did not sufficiently improve after treatment with steroid pulses, high dose CYC, or even plasmapheresis.He developed a life threatening heart failure caused by a "swinging heart" due to the pericardial effusion, which required immediate and repeated drainage (fig 1).As a last resort we decided to start www.annrheumdis.com
Can Crohn's disease be diagnosed at laparotomy?
Authors: R J Butterworth, G T Williams, L E Hughes
Journal: Gut (1992)

The typical macroscopic features of Crohn9s disease have been well described and are widely regarded as sufficient to diagnose the disease at laparotomy. We report six patients undergoing laparotomy for symptomatic Crohn9s disease, shown radiologically, who were found to have macroscopically normal small bowel despite careful examination of the bowel by an experienced surgeon. In four cases resection was deferred, but all subsequently deteriorated and required further surgery. Minor abnormalities found by balloon examination of the terminal ileum prompted resection in two further patients. Histology showed an unusually superficial distribution of inflammation, which could explain the negative findings at laparotomy. We conclude that normal laparotomy findings alone do not exclude a diagnosis of clinically important small bowel Crohn9s disease. Crohn9s disease should be considered in patients with persisting symptoms after negative laparotomy.
Inhibition of the Cardiac Angiogenic Response to Surgical FGF-2 Therapy in a Swine Endothelial Dysfunction Model
Authors: Marc Ruel, Gui Fu Wu, Tanveer A. Khan, Pierre Voisine, Cesario Bianchi, Jianyi Li, Jian Li, Roger J. Laham, Frank W. Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Discrepancy exists between the potent effects of therapeutic angiogenesis in laboratory animals and the marginal results observed in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. In vitro and small animal data suggest that angiogenesis may depend on locally available nitric oxide (NO), but the impact of endothelial dysfunction on therapeutic angiogenesis in the myocardium has been unclear. We compared the effects of clinically applicable angiogenesis methods in swine in which endothelial dysfunction was experimentally induced to that observed in normal swine. Methods and Results— Miniswine were fed either a regular (N=13) or hypercholesterolemic diet (N=13) for 20 weeks. Hypercholesterolemic swine showed coronary endothelial dysfunction on videomicroscopy. Animals from both groups received 100 μg of perivascular sustained-release fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 in the lateral myocardial territory, previously made ischemic by placement of an ameroid constrictor around the circumflex artery. After 4 weeks of FGF-2 therapy, lateral myocardial perfusion was significantly lower in hypercholesterolemic than in normocholesterolemic swine, both at rest and during pacing (0.44±0.04 versus 0.81±0.15 mL/min/g at rest, respectively; P =0.006; and 0.50±0.06 versus 0.71±0.10 mL/min/g during pacing; P =0.02). Hypercholesterolemic swine showed no net increase in perfusion from FGF-2 treatment. Endothelial cell density and FGF receptor-1 expression were significantly lower in the lateral territory of hypercholesterolemic versus normocholesterolemic animals. Conclusions— The cardiac angiogenic response to FGF-2 treatment using clinically applicable methods was markedly inhibited in hypercholesterolemic swine with coronary endothelial dysfunction. These findings suggest that coronary endothelial dysfunction is major obstacle to the efficacy of clinical angiogenesis protocols and constitutes a target toward making angiogenesis more effective in patients with advanced coronary disease.
Blockade of EGFR and MEK Intercepts Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapies in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sandra Misale, Sabrina Arena, Simona Lamba, Giulia Siravegna, Alice Lallo, Sebastijan Hobor, Mariangela Russo, Michela Buscarino, Luca Lazzari, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi, Katia Bencardino, Alessio Amatu, Calogero Lauricella, Emanuele Valtorta, Salvatore Siena, Federica Di Nicolantonio, Alberto Bardelli
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Colorectal cancers that become resistant to EGFR inhibitors through a variety of mechanisms can be effectively treated by inhibiting MEK in conjunction with EGFR.
White Matter Lesions and Season of Birth of Patients With Bipolar Affective Disorder
Authors: P. Brian Moore, Selim M. El-Badri, David Cousins, Debra J. Shepherd, Allan H. Young, Victor L. McAllister, I. Nicol Ferrier
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: It is established that patients with bipolar disorder have an excess of births in winter or early spring. The authors investigated a link between season of birth and white matter lesions with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHOD: T2-weighted and proton density MRI scans were examined for 79 patients with bipolar disorder (DSM-IV) for the presence of deep subcortical and periventricular white matter lesions. The birth seasons of patients with white matter lesions were compared with those of the general population. RESULTS: Thirteen subjects exhibited deep subcortical white matter lesions, of whom nine (69.2%) were born in the winter months (January to March). Seven of these patients remained symptomatic, despite adequate treatment for more than 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Birth season, illness outcome, and deep subcortical white matter lesions appear to be closely linked. Deep subcortical white matter lesions may be a marker of a toxic or infective insult in utero.
Sustained changes in lipid profile and macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels after anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: C A Wijbrandts, S I van Leuven, H D Boom, D M Gerlag, E G S Stroes, J J P Kastelein, P P Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has recently emerged as an important cytokine possibly linking rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and atherogenesis. Because atherogenesis is accelerated in RA this study was conducted to investigate whether anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy could lead to sustained downregulation of systemic MIF levels and improvement in lipid profiles.Fifty RA patients with active disease (disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) >or=3.2), who started adalimumab therapy at 40 mg every other week, were included. At baseline, weeks 16 and 52 serum levels of MIF and lipids were assessed. In addition, the DAS28 and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined.After 16 weeks of adalimumab therapy, both DAS28 and MIF levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001 and p = 0.020, respectively). This was sustained up to week 52 (p<0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). CRP levels and ESR were significantly reduced after 16 and 52 weeks of adalimumab therapy (p<0.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased at week 16 (p<0.001), but returned to baseline at week 52. Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I levels increased at week 16 (p<0.001) and remained stable (p = 0.005). This resulted in an improved apo B/A-I ratio.The results underline the sustained downregulation of MIF as a potential new mechanism by which anti-TNF therapy might reduce vascular inflammation, and as such perhaps cardiovascular morbidity in RA patients. This hypothesis is supported by an improved apo B/A-I ratio as well as reduced CRP levels in these patients.
864-4 Investigating platelet activation with abciximab and high-dose tirofiban in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Jochem W van Werkum, Wim B.M Gerritsen, Hans C Kelder, Fred J.L.M Haas, Maarten-Jan Suttorp, Egbert T Bal, Benno J.W.M Rensing, Sjef M.P.G Ernst, Jurriën M ten Berg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Cancer Consultation Preparation Package: Changing Patients but Not Physicians Is Not Enough
Authors: Phyllis Butow, Rhonda Devine, Michael Boyer, Susan Pendlebury, Michael Jackson, Martin H.N. Tattersall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

This study evaluated a cancer consultation preparation package (CCPP) designed to facilitate patient involvement in the oncology consultation.A total of 164 cancer patients (67% response rate) were randomly assigned to receive the CCPP or a control booklet at least 48 hours before their first oncology appointment. The CCPP included a question prompt sheet, booklets on clinical decision making and patient rights, and an introduction to the clinic. The control booklet contained only the introduction to the clinic. Physicians were blinded to which intervention patients received. Patients completed questionnaires immediately after the consultation and 1 month later. Consultations were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and coded.All but one patient read the information. Before the consultation, intervention patients were significantly more anxious than were controls (mean, 42 v 38; P = .04); however anxiety was equivalent at follow-up. The CCPP was reported as being significantly more useful to family members than the control booklet (P = .004). Patients receiving the intervention asked significantly more questions (11 v seven questions; P = .005), tended to interrupt the physician more (1.01 v 0.71 interruptions; P = .08), and challenged information significantly more often (twice v once; P = .05). Patients receiving the CCPP were less likely to achieve their preferred decision making style (22%) than were controls (35%; P = .06).This CCPP influences patients' consultation behavior and does not increase anxiety in the long-term. However, this intervention, without physician endorsement, reduced the percentage of patients whose preferred involvement in decision making was achieved.
The Dynamic Life of Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Wayne M. Yokoyama, Sungjin Kim, Anthony R. French
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2004)

Natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in immunological processes, including early defense against viral infections. This review provides an overview of the dynamic in vivo life of NK cells from their development in the bone marrow to their mature peripheral responses and their ultimate demise, with particular emphasis on mouse NK cells and viral infections.
Frontal White Matter Biochemical Abnormalities in Late-Life Major Depression Detected With Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Anand Kumar, Albert Thomas, Helen Lavretsky, Kenneth Yue, Amir Huda, John Curran, Talaignair Venkatraman, Laverne Estanol, Jim Mintz, Michael Mega, Arthur Toga
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been identified in patients with late-life mood disorders by using magnetic resonance imaging. This study examined the biochemical correlates of late-life major depression in the frontal gray and white matter by using single-voxel proton spectroscopy. METHOD: Twenty elderly patients with major depression and 18 comparison subjects similar in age and gender to the patients were scanned on a 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner with head coil. Voxels were placed in the left dorsolateral white matter and bilaterally in the anterior cingulate gray matter. Absolute levels of N-acetylaspartate, choline, myo-inositol, and creatine were estimated with the LC-Model algorithm. Ratios of metabolite to creatine levels were computed from the absolute values. RESULTS: myo-Inositol/creatine and choline/creatine ratios were significantly higher in the frontal white matter in the major depression group than in the comparison group. The groups had no significant differences in the metabolite ratios in the gray matter. CONCLUSIONS: Biochemical changes in the white matter may provide some of the neurobiological substrates to late-life major depression.
Gamma interferon and lymphotoxin, released by activated T cells, synergize to inhibit granulocyte/monocyte colony formation.
Authors: M Murphy, R Loudon, M Kobayashi, G Trinchieri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

We have shown that lymphocytes stimulated by PHA produce colony-forming unit of granulocyte/monocyte (CFU-GM)-stimulating and -inhibiting activities, IFN-gamma, and lymphotoxin (LT). IFN-gamma is necessary for inhibition of CFU-GM by PHA-conditioned medium (CM), as shown by experiments in which removal of IFN-gamma from PHA-CM abrogated inhibition. However, experiments in which rIFN-gamma was added to IFN-gamma-depleted PHA-CM revealed the presence, in PHA-CM, of other factors that act in synergy with IFN-gamma to inhibit CFU-GM. Fractionation of PHA-CM on a Sephadex G-100 column was used to separate IFN-gamma and LT. Colony-inhibiting activity was eluted in fractions that contained both IFN-gamma and LT activities, identifying LT as a factor present in PHA-CM that synergizes with IFN-gamma to inhibit CFU-GM. Treatment of PHA-CM with mAb against either IFN-gamma or LT completely abrogated the colony-inhibiting activity, demonstrating a requirement for both lymphokines in PHA-CM-induced inhibition of CFU-GM. Experiments using rIFN-gamma and preparations of purified LT confirmed that neither lymphokine alone, when added to bone marrow cells at the concentrations present in PHA-CM, strongly inhibited day 7 or day 14 CFU-GM, but that the two lymphokines, added together, behaved synergistically to inhibit CFU-GM by up to 70%. The inhibition observed using purified preparations of lymphokines shows that synergy between IFN-gamma and LT is sufficient to explain PHA-CM-induced inhibition of CFU-GM. Our findings suggest that activated T cells regulate hematopoiesis through the release of inhibitory as well as stimulatory factors, and that the simultaneous production of IFN-gamma and LT may represent a mechanism of suppression of hematopoiesis in the cases of bone marrow failure associated with the presence of activated T cells.
P136 Asthma In Royal Air Force (raf) Personnel: Measuring Severity, Control And Previous Impact On Service Career
Authors: J. Szram, S. Schofield, I. Mollan, G. Davies, D. Bruce, P. Cullinan
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The overwhelming majority of UK military recruitment occurs in the age group (18–24) in which the recent increases in childhood asthma have been greatest. Concerns about operational risks associated with asthmatic individuals are reflected in selection policies excluding applicants taking asthma treatment, reporting symptoms in the last five years or since the age of 16. This study was designed to characterise the severity and impact of asthma on current RAF serving personnel. <h3>Methods</h3> Questionnaires were sent to all current service personnel with a diagnosis of asthma on their medical record; an equivalent number of non-asthmatic personnel (matched on age and sex) were also surveyed to provide a referent population. Information on asthma symptoms and treatment, reported change in deployment, medical fitness category and career intention was collected. <h3>Results</h3> Of 463 asthmatics who responded to the survey, 167 (36.1%) were not currently on asthma treatment, 63 (13.6%) were on reliever therapy only and 233 (50.3%) were on regular asthma treatment. Two-thirds reported adult onset asthma. Those on regular treatment were more likely to have needed urgent/unscheduled treatment, been unable to work due to their asthma and have a current ACQ score indicating uncontrolled disease; whilst this group were more likely to be currently downgraded, they were no more likely to have returned early from deployment than those in other groups (Figure). Comparing individuals with asthma and matched referents, those with disease were significantly more likely to be downgraded (OR 2.36 (95% CI 1.48–3.77), p &lt; 0.001), prevented from deploying for medical reasons (OR 2.47 (95% CI 1.41–4.34), p = 0.006) and be assigned unfit (OR 1.79 (95% CI 1.20–2.73, p = 0.006)). Very few individuals had to return early from deployment, suggesting that restrictions were effective in mitigating risks posed by uncontrolled asthma. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The findings from this cohort suggest that asthmatics in the RAF, particularly those taking regular treatment, are being restricted from some jobs and environments; this affects few individuals and does not appear to have a negative impact on service career. Decisions at recruitment are likely to have greater impact and would benefit from being studied prospectively. <h3>Abstracts M137 to M148 on page A212–218.</h3>
Physiologic and Pathologic Influences on the Metabolism of Rat Aorta
Authors: H. ERNST WERTHEIMER, VICTORIA BEN-TOR
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Oxygen uptake of aortas of young rats is higher than that of old rats in KRP solution. In serum of young rats, oxygen uptake and especially glucose uptake is higher than in serum of old rats in either young or old aortas. Anaerobic formation of lactic acid by the rat aorta is greater in serum of old rats than in serum of young rats. A fat-rich diet with 55 per cent butter fat, given for 6 weeks, significantly decreases oxygen and glucose uptake. This effect is not seen if soya oil is used instead of butter fat. A cholesterol-rich, atherosclerosis-producing diet decreases the glucose uptake. Norepinephrine, in vitro and in vivo, increases the oxygen and glucose uptake and the glycogen synthesis; epinephrine has no influence; acetylcholine decreases the oxygen and glucose uptake. The oxygen and glucose uptakes of aortic tissue from alloxandiabetic rats are lower than those from normal rats. Insulin in vitro increases oxygen and glucose uptake of the aorta in a Gey and Gey medium, this effect being greater in aorta of old rats.
Case of Rupture of Bladder: Death from Haemorrhage
Authors: C. E. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1885)

fdna her, and was helped back to bed, sick and faint.She was not Mbn by a medical man for some months afterwards.;Attempts twere made repeatedly to reduce the uterus, which was 'f6und to be coYnipletely inverted; but without success.When I saw h r, she was greatly emaciated, looking worn and very anemic.Tis had been induced by the frequent hsemorrhaae and leucorrhmal discharge, and fiequent vomiting.Her health had become gravely deteriorated.'After some ineffectual attempts at reduction, I gave a dose of opium to allay irritability, and fixed Aveling's repositor, and the uterus cortlected itself during the night.'I removed the instrument the next morninrg.The cup was in the uterus.The curious point in this case is, that two days afterwards, on examiiining the woman, I found the posterior wall bulging in and down; in fact, reinversion was proceeding, niot, as is usually described, by the fundus becoming cup-shaped and tending to come down, but by the bulging of the posterior wall.
Enterovirus-Induced miR-141 Contributes to Shutoff of Host Protein Translation by Targeting the Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E
Authors: Bing-Ching Ho, Sung-Liang Yu, Jeremy J.W. Chen, Sui-Yuan Chang, Bo-Shiun Yan, Qi-Sheng Hong, Sher Singh, Chuan-Liang Kao, Hsuan-Yu Chen, Kang-Yi Su, Ker-Chau Li, Chiou-Ling Cheng, Hao-Wei Cheng, Jen-Yi Lee, Chun-Nan Lee, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)