tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Solutions to Reduce Discard of Kidneys Donated for Transplantation
Authors: Peter P. Reese, Meera N. Harhay, Peter L. Abt, Matthew H. Levine, Scott D. Halpern
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Kidney transplantation is a cost-saving treatment that extends the lives of patients with ESRD. Unfortunately, the kidney transplant waiting list has ballooned to over 100,000 Americans. Across large areas of the United States, many kidney transplant candidates spend over 5 years waiting and often die before undergoing transplantation. However, more than 2500 kidneys (>17% of the total recovered from deceased donors) were discarded in 2013, despite evidence that many of these kidneys would provide a survival benefit to wait-listed patients. Transplant leaders have focused attention on transplant center report cards as a likely cause for this discard problem, although that focus is too narrow. In this review, we examine the risks associated with accepting various categories of donated kidneys, including discarded kidneys, compared with the risk of remaining on dialysis. With the goal of improving access to kidney transplant, we describe feasible proposals to increase acceptance of currently discarded organs.
Identification of Common Features in Prototype Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to HIV Envelope V2 Apex to Facilitate Vaccine Design
Authors: Raiees Andrabi, James E. Voss, Chi-Hui Liang, Bryan Briney, Laura E. McCoy, Chung-Yi Wu, Chi-Huey Wong, Pascal Poignard, Dennis R. Burton
Journal: Immunity (2015)
Collagen degradation and MMP9 activation by <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> contribute to intestinal anastomotic leak
Authors: Benjamin D. Shogan, Natalia Belogortseva, Preston M. Luong, Alexander Zaborin, Simon Lax, Cindy Bethel, Marc Ward, Joseph P. Muldoon, Mark Singer, Gary An, Konstantin Umanskiy, Vani Konda, Baddr Shakhsheer, James Luo, Robin Klabbers, Lynn E. Hancock, Jack Gilbert, Olga Zaborina, John C. Alverdy
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Enterococcus faecalis depletes intestinal collagen, activates the host tissue protease MMP9, and contributes to anastomotic leak.
Evolution of Recommended Dietary Allowances—New Directions?
Authors: A. E. Harper
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1987)

Introduction ........ ,   ,     509 Evolution of Dietary Standards     510 Dietary recommendations 1835-1940  510 Recommended dietary allowances     515 Other dietary standards   ,   ,  516 RDA Are Dietary Standards Based on Scientific Principles  518 Primary use of RDA .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 518 Scientific bases for RDA     518 Purposes for Which RDA Have Been Used  522 Information and education  522 Food and nutrition regulations  524 Developm�nt of ,!�w and special foods  524 Therapeutic nutrltlOn .........   525 Standards for food programs  525 Evaluating the Adequacy of Nutrient Intakes    526 The probability approach  527 Dietary Standards and Guidelines for Healthful Diets  529 Misunderstanding of RDA   .. 529 Guidelines for healthful diets   ,  530 Directions in Dietary Standards and Guidelines  532 Directions in RDA   , ........ , ....... ,. 532 Dietary guidelines ....... ,  533 Diet and disease  534
H. Influenzae Meningitis in Relation to Treatment
Authors: J. Thomson, L. M. Bruce, M. G. Green
Journal: BMJ (1947)

The increase in recovery rate of H. influenzae meningitis in recent years, due to chemotherapeutic and antibiotic therapy, has led to a greater interest in the condition.H.! influenza type b rabbit serum has also been used with success in America (Alexander, 1943(Alexander, , 1944), but supplies so far have not been available in this country for an adequate test.It would seem that H. influenzae meningitis is by no means a rarity.Out of the 29 cases of meningitis of all types admitted to this department between May 1, 1946,
Review of Fritz Allhoff, Patrick Lin, James Moor, and John Weckert, eds., Nanoethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Nanotechnology.<sup>1</sup>
Authors: Ronald Sandler
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

"Review of Fritz Allhoff, Patrick Lin, James Moor, and John Weckert, eds., Nanoethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Nanotechnology. 1 ." , 8(8), pp. 70–71 Notes 1. Hoboken, NJ Wiley, 2007. xxiv + 385 pp. $42.50 paperback
FOXP1 suppresses immune response signatures and MHC class II expression in activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: P J Brown, K K Wong, S L Felce, L Lyne, H Spearman, E J Soilleux, L M Pedersen, M B Møller, T M Green, D M Gascoyne, A H Banham
Journal: Leukemia (2015)

The FOXP1 (forkhead box P1) transcription factor is a marker of poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here microarray analysis of FOXP1-silenced DLBCL cell lines identified differential regulation of immune response signatures and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) genes as some of the most significant differences between germinal center B-cell (GCB)-like DLBCL with full-length FOXP1 protein expression versus activated B-cell (ABC)-like DLBCL expressing predominantly short FOXP1 isoforms. In an independent primary DLBCL microarray data set, multiple MHC II genes, including human leukocyte antigen DR alpha chain (HLA-DRA), were inversely correlated with FOXP1 transcript expression (P<0.05). FOXP1 knockdown in ABC-DLBCL cells led to increased cell-surface expression of HLA-DRA and CD74. In R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone)-treated DLBCL patients (n=150), reduced HLA-DRA (<90% frequency) expression correlated with inferior overall survival (P=0.0003) and progression-free survival (P=0.0012) and with non-GCB subtype stratified by the Hans, Choi or Visco–Young algorithms (all P<0.01). In non-GCB DLBCL cases with <90% HLA-DRA, there was an inverse correlation with the frequency (P=0.0456) and intensity (P=0.0349) of FOXP1 expression. We propose that FOXP1 represents a novel regulator of genes targeted by the class II MHC transactivator CIITA (MHC II and CD74) and therapeutically targeting the FOXP1 pathway may improve antigen presentation and immune surveillance in high-risk DLBCL patients.
Primary Ki-1 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in adults: clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcome.
Authors: L N Shulman, B Frisard, J H Antin, C Wheeler, G Pinkus, N Magauran, P Mauch, E Nobles, R Mashal, G Canellos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE A study was undertaken to improve our understanding of the clinicopathologic features and therapeutic outcome for adults with primary Ki-1 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of records of 31 adult patients with primary Ki-1 ALCL was performed. The analysis included stage and distribution of disease, tumor-cell phenotype, response to initial and salvage therapy, and disease-free and overall survival. RESULTS The median age of patients was 44 years (range, 16 to 86). Forty-eight percent of patients tested had lymphomas of T-cell phenotype, 30% lymphomas of B-cell phenotype, and 22% of non-T-, non-B-cell phenotype. Twenty-nine percent of patients had stages I and II disease, 65% demonstrated extranodal involvement, and 32% had skin involvement at presentation. Most patients received intensive chemotherapy and 48% achieved a sustained complete remission (CR), with an additional 17% of patients treated successfully with salvage therapy. Stage was highly predictive of achieving a sustained CR, but bulk disease and B symptoms did not predict for relapse after initial therapy or survival. Of seven patients who underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), three remain disease-free 9 to 42 months after transplant. CONCLUSION Patients with Ki-1 ALCL have a high frequency of advanced-stage disease and extranodal involvement and are more likely to have tumors of T-cell phenotype than patients with large-cell lymphoma. However, response to standard lymphoma chemotherapy is similar to other patients with large-cell lymphoma, with a high remission rate in early-stage disease. Patients with advanced-stage disease have a poor remission duration and may require more intensive therapy, as may also be the case with large-cell lymphoma.
Doctors must ask carers before placing DNAR notices on files of mentally incapacitated patients
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Doctors must consult the carers of patients who are mentally incapacitated before placing “do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation” (DNAR) notices on their files, the High Court has ruled in a landmark case.

Mr Justice Blake ruled that City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust breached the European Convention on Human Rights and the UK Mental Capacity Act in putting the notice in Carl Winspear’s records without first consulting his mother, Elaine Winspear.

The judge made it clear that the decision on whether to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation is one for the doctor to make in the best interests of the patient, exercising clinical judgment. But the Mental Capacity Act states that before making the decision, or acting …
The Molecular Biology of Leukocyte Chemoattractant Receptors
Authors: P M Murphy
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1994)

Leukocytes migrate from the blood to sites of inflammation in response to locally produced chemoattractants that activate specific cell surface receptors. The primary structures of leukocyte receptors for N-formyl peptides, C5a, platelet-activating factor, and 8 of the 18 known human chemokines (interleukin-8 and related molecules) have been deduced from cloned cDNAs. All of these are seven-transmembrane-domain rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors. Biochemical and molecular genetic analysis of the chemoattractant receptors indicates that the chemoattractants may have both broadly overlapping as well as specialized roles in the regulation of acute and chronic inflammation. Interestingly, the chemokine receptors have functional homologues in human cytomegalovirus and Herpesvirus saimiri. Moreover, the Duffy antigen, which mediates invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium vivax, a major cause of malaria, is also a chemokine binding protein. These surprising developments suggest that in addition to leukocyte-mediated inflammation, the chemokines may also be involved in erythrocyte function and, through molecular mimicry, in microbial pathogenesis.
Skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine–alcohol versus povidone iodine–alcohol, with and without skin scrubbing, for prevention of intravascular-catheter-related infection (CLEAN): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, two-by-two factorial trial
Authors: Olivier Mimoz, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Thomas Kerforne, Julien Pascal, Bertrand Souweine, Véronique Goudet, Alain Mercat, Lila Bouadma, Sigismond Lasocki, Serge Alfandari, Arnaud Friggeri, Florent Wallet, Nicolas Allou, Stéphane Ruckly, Dorothée Balayn, Alain Lepape, Jean-François Timsit
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Effects Of Metformin Addition To a Standard Chemotherapy Regimen For The Treatment Of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. An In Vitro and In Vivo study
Authors: Christian Omar Ramos Peñafiel, Irma Olarte Carrillo, Jorge Zamora Domínguez, Humberto Baldemar Castellanos Sinco, Etta Rozen Fuller, Enrique Miranda Peralta, Juan Collazo Jaloma, Adolfo Martínez Tovar
Journal: Blood (2013)
Transplantation of Osteochondral Allografts
Authors: G E Friedlaender, H J Mankin
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1984)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
What the Nazis called 'medical research' haunts the scientific community to this day
Authors: T. Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1990)

FIFTY YEARS have passed since the beginning of World War II, and still the effects of National Socialist (Nazi) medicine linger. "Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg [war criminal trials beginning in 1946, with a score of Nazi physicians as defendants] Code," a conference sponsored by Boston (Mass) University's schools of medicine and public health, leaves little doubt that the so-called experiments conducted in wartime Germany and conquered countries before midcentury have placed their mark on today's medical research. These inhumane experiments by Nazi physicians left thousands of prisoners dead and many others physically and emotionally scarred. In sentencing the approximately 80% of medical defendants found guilty, judges of the Nuremberg tribunal also issued a code designed to protect humans participating as subjects in medical research. Although since modified by other codes, this is the Nuremberg Code that often is cited. <h3>Anything Worth Using?</h3> While most results of Nazi medical experiments
Annotation of pseudogenic gene segments by massively parallel sequencing of rearranged lymphocyte receptor loci
Authors: Jared Dean, Ryan O. Emerson, Marissa Vignali, Anna M. Sherwood, Mark J. Rieder, Christopher S. Carlson, Harlan S. Robins
Journal: Genome Medicine (2015)

The adaptive immune system generates a remarkable range of antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs), allowing the recognition of a diverse set of antigens. Most of this diversity is encoded in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of the β chain of the αβ TCR, which is generated by somatic recombination of noncontiguous variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments. Deletion and non-templated insertion of nucleotides at the D-J and V-DJ junctions further increases diversity. Many of these gene segments are annotated as non-functional owing to defects in their primary sequence, the absence of motifs necessary for rearrangement, or chromosomal locations outside the TCR locus.We sought to utilize a novel method, based on high-throughput sequencing of rearranged TCR genes in a large cohort of individuals, to evaluate the use of functional and non-functional alleles. We amplified and sequenced genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of 587 healthy volunteers using a multiplexed polymerase chain reaction assay that targets the variable region of the rearranged TCRβ locus, and we determined the presence and the proportion of productive rearrangements for each TCRβ V gene segment in each individual. We then used this information to annotate the functional status of TCRβ V gene segments in this cohort.For most TCRβ V gene segments, our method agrees with previously reported functional annotations. However, we identified novel non-functional alleles for several gene segments, some of which were used exclusively in our cohort to the detriment of reported functional alleles. We also saw that some gene segments reported to have both functional and non-functional alleles consistently behaved in our cohort as either functional or non-functional, suggesting that some reported alleles were not present in the population studied.In this proof-of-principle study, we used high-throughput sequencing of the TCRβ locus of a large cohort of healthy volunteers to evaluate the use of functional and non-functional alleles of individual TCRβ V gene segments. With some modifications, our method has the potential to be extended to gene segments in the α, γ, and δ TCR loci, as well as the genes encoding for B-cell receptor chains.
Development of HIV-1 vaccines based on replication competent Tiantan vaccinia vector in China
Authors: Ying Liu, Taisheng Li, Yong Liu, Yanling Hao, Jiansheng Wang, Yingqi Wu, Hua Liang, Li Ren, Kunxue Hong, Jing Xu, Kai Zhao, Yiming Shao
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Effect of process and formulation variables on the preparation of parenteral paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles: A co-surfactant study
Authors: Navneet Sharma, Parshotam Madan, Senshang Lin
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of process (homogenization speed and evaporation time) and formulation (aqueous/organic phase ratio, surfactant concentration, polymer type and concentration, and drug amount) variables on the preparation of paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles using modified solvent evaporation technique. Thereafter, a formulation was selected and subjected to evaluation of inclusion of a co-surfactant for further reduction of particle size. Particle size, encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro drug release kinetics were evaluated. It was observed that the inclusion of vitamin E TPGS (0.01%), Poloxamer 188 (0.5%) or Tween 80 (0.25%) reduced the particle size of nanoparticles to 230, 244 or 301 nm from 438 nm, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency increased for both vitamin E TPGS and Poloxamer 188 up to concentration at 0.010% and 0.25%, respectively, while this was not the case for Tween 80. Comparison of drug release kinetics demonstrated that drug release accelerated from paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles prepared with the inclusion of Tween 80 but was delayed for Poloxamer 188 and vitamin E TPGS. Thus, it was concluded that the particle size of the nanoparticles could be reduced further and the paclitaxel release kinetics could easily be adjusted by taking advantage by the inclusion of a co-surfactant.
The signet ring cell melanoma-rare morphologic variant of melanoma: Case report
Authors: S. Maksimovic, B. Jakovljevic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20020 Background: Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes of skin. The histopathological variants of malignant melanoma include the common type (lentigo maligna (5%), superficial spreading melanoma (65%), nodular melanoma (15%), acrolentiginous melanoma (5%). The signet ring cell melanoma is a rare form melanoma, being seen in some 0.5% of melanomas. Aim of work: That showed young women with signet ring cell melanoma is a rare form melanoma. Methods: We describe a 39-year-old patient with a primary signet-ring cell melanoma of the skin located on the left upper quadrant of abdominal wall. Results: Diagnosis the tumour of skin was in department of surgery and histhopatology in General hospital in Bijeljini in December of the 2007. We performed clinical and histhopatologic examination. Physical examination revealed a well circumscribed and firm mass measuring 150x 100x 80 mm of the skin located on the upper quadrant of abdominal wall and solid mass in pelvis. Because of high suspect melanoma in patient performed surgical excision of skin tumor. Pathohysthology diagnosis was: Melanoma nodularis achromaticum. Immunohistochemistry showed positive reaction of the tumor cells for S-100, HMB-45 protein and vimentin, confirming their melanocytic differentiation. Tumor cells were negative for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). After immunohistochemistry analysis definitive pathohystology was: Signet ring cell melanoma. The signet-ring cell melanoma disclosed an invasion to Clark Level V and tumor thickness Breslow level III. Tumor from pelvis was appertain uterus and histopathologic diagnosis is a leomyoma. Conclusions: Signet-ring cell melanoma is a rare morphologic variant of melanoma. Its recognition is important for differentiation from other tumors featuring signet ring cells. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Chemosensitive gliomas in adults: which ones and why?
Authors: W Mason, D N Louis, J G Cairncross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.12.3423 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9396392 Chemosensitive gliomas in adults: which ones and why? W MasonxW MasonSearch for articles by this author , D N LouisxD N LouisSearch for articles by this author , J G CairncrossxJ G CairncrossSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.12.3423 First Page PDF © 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
TRPC3 channel confers cerebrovascular remodelling during hypertension via transactivation of EGF receptor signalling
Authors: Mi Wang, Yong-Bo Tang, Ming-Ming Ma, Jing-Hui Chen, Chang-Ping Hu, Shui-Ping Zhao, Dao-Quan Peng, Jia-Guo Zhou, Yong-Yuan Guan, Zheng Zhang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Ionic perturbation in vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to cerebrovascular remodelling in the setting of hypertension, but the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily remains unknown. The present study was conducted to define the contribution of TRP channels to cerebrovascular remodelling.By integrating quantitative PCR, western blotting, patch clamping, and Ca(2+) imaging, we identified TRP channel, subfamily canonical, member 3 (TRPC3) as the channel subtype most considerably elevated in basilar arteries of two-kidney, two-clip stroke-prone hypertensive rats. Importantly, administration of pyrazole 3 (Pyr3), a TRPC3 channel blocker, attenuated cerebrovascular remodelling. During hypertension, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was transactivated, as evidenced by marked EGFR phosphorylation, increased pro-HB-EGF shedding, and elevated activity of ADAM17 (HB-EGF sheddase). ADAM17 activity was increased owing to enhanced activation rather than elevated expression. Remarkably, Pyr3 treatment suppressed EGFR transactivation in hypertension. In proliferating basilar artery smooth muscle cells or basilar arteries of hypertensive rats, co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed an interaction between TRPC3 and ADAM17 upon Ang II stimulation.Collectively, we demonstrated that enhanced EGFR transactivation, due to increased TRPC3 expression and functional coupling of TRPC3/ADAM17, resulted in cerebrovascular remodelling. Therefore, TRPC3-induced EGFR transactivation may be therapeutically exploited to prevent hypertension-induced cerebrovascular remodelling.