tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of wound healing: Venous and arterial leg ulcers
Authors: Joseph E Grey, Stuart Enoch, Keith G Harding
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Venous leg ulceration is due to sustained venous hypertension, which results from chronic venous insufficiency. In the normal venous system, pressure decreases with exercise as a result of the action of the calf muscle pump. When the muscles relax, the valves in the perforating veins connecting the superficial to the deep venous circulation prevent reflux and the pressure remains low. The venous pressure remains high, however, in a system where the valves are incompetent.

Up to 10% of the population in Europe and North America has valvular incompetence, with 0.2% developing venous ulceration. Forty to fifty per cent of venous ulcers are due to superficial venous insufficiency and/or perforating vein incompetence alone with a normal deep venous system. There are many risk factors for venous ulceration. Recurrent venous ulceration occurs in up to 70% of those at risk. Many venous ulcers are painful, so appropriate pain relief and advice should be given.

### Examination

Ninety five per cent of venous ulceration is in the gaiter area of the leg, characteristically around the malleoli. Ulceration may be discrete or circumferential.

The ulcer bed is often covered with a fibrinous layer mixed with granulation tissue, surrounded by an irregular, gently sloping edge. Ulcers occurring above the mid-calf or on the foot are likely to have other origins.

Pitting oedema is often present and may predate the ulcer. It is often worse towards the end of the day. Extravasation of erythrocytes into the skin occurs, resulting in the deposition of haemosiderin within macrophages, which stimulates melanin production, pigmenting the skin brown.

In long term venous insufficiency, lipodermatosclerosis occurs. This is characterised by the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

As a result of lipodermatosclerosis, a rigid woody hardness often develops, which at its worst may result in the leg resembling an “inverted champagne bottle.” Venous eczema (erythema, …
Free Paper Session : LC & Liver Fibrosis ; Long term follow-up results of autologous bone marrow cell infusion in patients with advanced Liver cirrhosis (초)
Authors: Ja Kyung Kim, Da Hyun Jung, Young Nyun Park, Yong Han Paik, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Kwang Hyub Han, Chae Yoon Chon, Kwan Sik Lee
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2011)
The Softest Rock on Earth
Authors: Samantha Hsieh, Eric L. Maranda, Laura Cantekin, Tarek Salih, Austin Nguyen, Joaquin Jimenez
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Role of T-cell antigens in the cytolytic activities of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) in patients with LGL lymphocytosis
Authors: K Oshimi, Y Oshimi, M Akahoshi, Y Kobayashi, H Hirai, F Takaku, M Hattori, S Asano, H Kodo, S Nishinarita
Journal: Blood (1988)
Isavuconazole treatment for mucormycosis: a single-arm open-label trial and case-control analysis
Authors: Francisco M Marty, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Oliver A Cornely, Kathleen M Mullane, John R Perfect, George R Thompson, George J Alangaden, Janice M Brown, David N Fredricks, Werner J Heinz, Raoul Herbrecht, Nikolai Klimko, Galina Klyasova, Johan A Maertens, Sameer R Melinkeri, Ilana Oren, Peter G Pappas, Zdeněk Ráčil, Galia Rahav, Rodrigo Santos, Stefan Schwartz, J Janne Vehreschild, Jo-Anne H Young, Ploenchan Chetchotisakd, Sutep Jaruratanasirikul, Souha S Kanj, Marc Engelhardt, Achim Kaufhold, Masanori Ito, Misun Lee, Carolyn Sasse, Rochelle M Maher, Bernhardt Zeiher, Maria J G T Vehreschild
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2016)
The efficacy of prophylactic G-CSF for FOLFIRINOX
Authors: Tetsuji Terazawa, Masahiro Goto, Takahiro Miyamoto, Ken Asaishi, Fukutaro Shimamoto, Shin Kuwakado, Hitoshi Nishitani, Takayuki Kii, Kazuhide Higuchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Carcinogenic Effects of N-Nitrosomorpholine and N-Nitrosopiperidine on European Hamster ( Cricefus cricefus ) 2
Authors: U. Mohr, G. Reznik, H. Reznik-Schüller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

The effects of nitrosomorpholine (NM) and nitrosopiperidine (NP) on 60 male and 60 female captured European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) were investigated. After the mean lethal dose (LD50) wasdetermined for each substance, animals were treated with varying doses of the LD50 of either NM or NP. Both NM and NP proved to be markedly effective carcinogens as they caused a high incidence of multiple primary neoplasms in more than one organ. These neoplasms developed most frequently in the respiratory and upper digestive tracts. Moreover, a high percentage of the tumors in the nasal and oral cavities, as well as the lungs, underwent malignant transformations. NP application also induced a high frequency of squamous cell carcinomas originating from the epithelium of the gingiva propria.
Relaxin-2 and Soluble Flt1 Levels in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Julie Damp, Michael M. Givertz, Marc Semigran, Rami Alharethi, Gregory Ewald, G. Michael Felker, Biykem Bozkurt, John Boehmer, Jennifer Haythe, Hal Skopicki, Karen Hanley-Yanez, Jessica Pisarcik, Indrani Halder, John Gorcsan, Sarosh Rana, Zoltan Arany, James D. Fett, Dennis M. McNamara
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2016)
Relation of Prolactin and Estrogen to Mammary Tumorigenesis in the Rat&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Joseph Meites
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The 2 most important hormones for development and growth of mammary tumors in rats are prolactin and estrogen, both under control of the pituitary gland and the brain. Estrogen stimulates prolactin secretion and acts with prolactin directly on the mammary tissues to promote tumorigenesis. Large doses of estrogen can inhibit mammary tumor growth, not by suppressing prolactin secretion but by interfering with the peripheral action of prolactin on the mammary tissues. Estrogen can neither induce nor maintain growth of mammary tumors in the absence of the pituitary, but prolactin may have a limited capacity to induce and maintain mammary tumor growth in the absence of the ovaries. Although rats show no significant change in serum-prolactin levels during growth of carcinogen-induced mammary tumors, elevations of serum prolactin produced by hypothalamic lesions, pituitary grafts, or administration of small doses of estrogen or appropriate drugs, can increase growth of spontaneous and carcinogen-induced mammary tumors. Drugs that reduce serum-prolactin levels, including ergot derivatives, iproniazid, pargyline, etc., can decrease growth of mammary tumors. When prolactin secretion is elevated before administration of a carcinogen, development of mammary tumors is inhibited, presumably by stimulating growth of mammary tissues and thereby rendering them refractory to the action of the carcinogen. Biogenic amines in the hypothalamus apparently serve as neurotransmitters to regulate the release of prolactin-inhibiting factor, luteinizing-hormone releasing Factor, and follicle-stimulating hormone releasing Factor, which in turn regulate release of prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone by the pituitary. Any agent that can alter biogenic amine turnover in the hypothalamus is therefore potentially useful for controlling growth of mammary tumors.
Propaganda or the cost of innovation? Challenging the high price of new drugs
Authors: Narcyz Ghinea, Wendy Lipworth, Ian Kerridge
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Concern is growing about the implications of rising drug prices for individuals and health systems around the world. With little transparency around the costs of drug development, <b>Narcyz Ghinea and colleagues</b> call for greater accountability from drug companies to ensure a fair price for new medicines
PTH-041 Preliminary evidence of neuroanatomical asymmetry in the human cerebral swallowing network: a diffusion weighted imaging tractography study
Authors: S Mistry, E Michou, S Singh, S Jefferson, K Embleton, H Haroon, D Morris, G Parker, S Williams, S Hamdy
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Increasing evidence from functional brain imaging and cortical mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) supports the hypothesis that human swallowing shows hemispheric asymmetry in the motor cortex. However, the physiological and neuroanatomical relevance of this asymmetry remains controversial. We aimed to apply complimentary imaging modalities in-vivo, to evaluate the neuroanatomical connections that contribute to the cerebral control of swallowing using TMS, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and probabilistic tractography. <h3>Methods</h3> In six healthy adults (5M/1F, 27–37 years) TMS evoked pharyngeal motor responses, recorded via a swallowed intraluminal catheter, were used to assess the motor cortical representation of swallowing in both hemispheres. Thereafter, two 8-min fMRI scans were performed using a Philips <i>Achieva</i> 3-T scanner to assess changes in blood-oxygenation-level-dependent signals in response to water swallowing. Each run consisted of alternating 1 minute “on” (12 swallows) and “off” (no swallowing) periods in a block-trial design. Distortion-corrected DWI data were then acquired for probabilistic tractography to determine anatomical fibre tracts. Swallowing-related fMRI activations were identified using FSL and used to seed unconstrained multifibre PICo tractography independently in each hemisphere. These results were compared with TMS inter-hemispheric differences. <h3>Results</h3> TMS data revealed 5/6 subjects had hemispheric dominance for swallowing (2 left, 3 right). FMRI data revealed asymmetric activations in both sensorimotor cortices in each subject which were used as seed regions for tractography. Paired t-test revealed significantly larger patterns of connectivity in the TMS predicted dominant projection compared to the non-dominant projection (p&lt;0.03). Tractography displayed consistently larger tract volumes in the dominant motor cortex (p&lt;0.03). Fibre tracking identified multiple connections between swallowing motor cortex and regions known to be involved in the control of swallowing including cingulate cortex, insula, supplementary and pre-motor areas. The dominant projection was also more strongly connected to regions transcallosally than the non-dominant projection. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study applied multimodal imaging to explore in detail the neuroanatomy of human swallowing and quantify fibre tracts within the cortical swallowing network. Our data provide further evidence for cerebral asymmetry in the control of swallowing, supporting the notion that asymmetry seen with brain imaging is biologically relevant.
Allan Llewellyn Warlow
Authors: Anthony Warlow
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Allan Llewellyn Warlow was a respected general practitioner, who experienced the early years of the NHS in south Wales and went on to practise on the island of Guernsey.

Born in Porth, in the Rhondda Valley, the youngest of three children, he survived childhood polio, the Depression, and the outbreak of war to enrol as a medical student in Charing Cross Hospital in London. The war was still on as he began his studies, and the hospital was evacuated to Birmingham and then to the grounds of Chaulden House in Hertfordshire. He remembered nights spent on fire watch on the hospital roof as German air raids went on and accompanying hospital trains helping to tend wounded soldiers.

After the medical school had returned to its central London location in 1947 (well before its move to Hammersmith), he qualified in general practice. He completed national service in the …
Hedgehog regulates yes‐associated protein 1 in regenerating mouse liver
Authors: Marzena Swiderska‐Syn, Guanhua Xie, Gregory A. Michelotti, Mark L. Jewell, Richard T. Premont, Wing‐Kin Syn, Anna Mae Diehl
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Adult liver regeneration requires induction and suppression of proliferative activity in multiple types of liver cells. The mechanisms that orchestrate the global changes in gene expression that are required for proliferative activity to change within individual liver cells, and that coordinate proliferative activity among different types of liver cells, are not well understood. Morphogenic signaling pathways that are active during fetal development, including Hedgehog and Hippo/Yes‐associated protein 1 (Yap1), regulate liver regeneration in adulthood. Cirrhosis and liver cancer result when these pathways become dysregulated, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms that coordinate and control morphogenic signaling during effective liver regeneration. We evaluated the hypothesis that the Hedgehog pathway controls Yap1 activation during liver regeneration by studying intact mice and cultured liver cells. In cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), disrupting Hedgehog signaling blocked activation of Yap1, and knocking down Yap1 inhibited induction of both Yap1‐ and Hedgehog‐regulated genes that enable HSC to become myofibroblasts (MFs). In mice, disrupting Hedgehog signaling in MFs inhibited liver regeneration after partial hepactectomy (PH). Reduced proliferative activity in the liver epithelial compartment resulted from loss of stroma‐derived paracrine signals that activate Yap1 and the Hedgehog pathway in hepatocytes. This prevented hepatocytes from up‐regulating Yap1‐ and Hedgehog‐regulated transcription factors that normally promote their proliferation. Conclusions : Morphogenic signaling in HSCs is necessary to reprogram hepatocytes to regenerate the liver epithelial compartment post‐PH. This discovery identifies novel molecules that might be targeted to correct defective repair during cirrhosis and liver cancer. (H epatology 2016;64:232–244)
A molecular threshold for effector CD8+ T cell differentiation controlled by transcription factors Blimp-1 and T-bet
Authors: Annie Xin, Frederick Masson, Yang Liao, Simon Preston, Tianxia Guan, Renee Gloury, Moshe Olshansky, Jian-Xin Lin, Peng Li, Terence P Speed, Gordon K Smyth, Matthias Ernst, Warren J Leonard, Marc Pellegrini, Susan M Kaech, Stephen L Nutt, Wei Shi, Gabrielle T Belz, Axel Kallies
Journal: Nature Immunology (2016)
Choline and Geranate Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Broad‐Spectrum Antiseptic Agent for Preventive and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Michael Zakrewsky, Amrita Banerjee, Sanjana Apte, Theresa L. Kern, Mattie R. Jones, Rico E. Del Sesto, Andrew T. Koppisch, David T. Fox, Samir Mitragotri
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Antiseptic agents are the primary arsenal to disinfect skin and prevent pathogens spreading within the host as well as into the surroundings; however the Food and Drug Administration published a report in 2015 requiring additional validation of nearly all current antiseptic agents before their continued use can be allowed. This vulnerable position calls for urgent identification of novel antiseptic agents. Recently, the ability of a deep eutectic, Choline And Geranate (CAGE), to treat biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica was demonstrated. Here it is reported that CAGE exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a number of drug-resistant bacteria, fungi, and viruses including clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans as well as laboratory strains of Herpes Simplex Virus. Studies in human keratinocytes and mice show that CAGE affords negligible local or systemic toxicity, and an ≈180-14 000-fold improved efficacy/toxicity ratio over currently used antiseptic agents. Further, CAGE penetrates deep into the dermis and treats pathogens located in deep skin layers as confirmed by the ability of CAGE in vivo to treat Propionibacterium acnes infection. In combination, the results clearly demonstrate CAGE holds promise as a transformative platform antiseptic agent for preventive as well as therapeutic applications.
Abstract 14075: Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain Predicts the Prognosis of ICU Septic Patients
Authors: Yen-Wen Liu, Wei-Ting Chang, Wen-Huang Lee, Wei-Ting Lee, Po-sheng Chen, Wei-Chuan Tsai
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: In the presence of sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction, conventional echocardiography may not detect subtle cardiac dysfunction. Two-dimensional left ventricular (LV) global peak systolic longitudinal strain (GLS) can detect early cardiac dysfunction. We sought to determine the prognostic value of GLS for patients with septic shock who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: We prospectively included 111 patients who were admitted to the ICU with septic shock. A full medical history was recorded for each patient, and LV systolic function, including GLS, was measured. Our endpoints were ICU and in-hospital mortality. Results: The ICU and hospital mortalities were 31.5% and 35.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference in LV ejection fraction of the non-survivors and the survivors; however, upon ICU admission, the non-survivors exhibited GLSs that were less negative than those of the survivors (non-survivors vs. survivors: -11.8±4.5% vs. -15.0±3.6%, p &lt;0.001), which indicated worse LV systolic function. The patients with GLS ≥-13% exhibited higher ICU and in-hospital mortality rates (hazard ratio: 4.34, p &lt;0.001 and hazard ratio: 4.21, p &lt;0.001, respectively). Cox regression analyses revealed that higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores and less negative GLS were independent predictors of ICU and in-hospital mortalities. GLS was found to add prognostic information to the APACHE II score. Conclusions: These findings suggest that combining GLS and the APACHE II score has additive value in the prediction of ICU and in-hospital mortalities and that GLS may be helpful in the early identification of high-risk septic shock patients in the ICU.
Pharmacodynamic (PD) evaluation of LY2181308 in patients with metastatic malignancies
Authors: D. C. Talbot, J. Davies, A. Olsen, V. Andre, M. Lahn, E. Powell, S. Kadam, J. de Bono, P. McHugh, M. Ranson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

3507 Background: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis and its overexpression in cancer has been associated with poor survival. LY2181308 (LY), a novel modified antisense oligonucleotide is a specific inhibitor of survivin. The safety and PK profile of LY from this first-in-human study was presented at ASCO 2008. We now present the PD data from this trial. Methods: Patients with advanced or metastatic malignancies who had failed previous anti-tumor treatments were enrolled. Three consecutive IV loading doses given over 3 hours were followed by weekly maintenance doses. Pre- and post-dosing biopsies were mandated to test for evidence of modification of the target at doses where a PD effect was expected. Biopsies were taken 48 hours after the last loading dose by CT-guided fine needle biopsy. Tumor tissue was paraffin-embedded for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and survivin gene expression. Given the finite amount of biopsy material, the quantification of survivin protein was prioritized. In addition, at one site, pre- and post-dosing endobronchial sampling was conducted in NSCLC patients, with the aim of quantifying levels of native survivin protein, and assessing changes in cell cycle profile in freshly isolated tumor cells using FACS analysis. Results: Out of the 34 patients enrolled, 22 patients had a pre- and posttreatment biopsy. Results from IHC indicated that survivin expression was reduced in the nucleus and cytoplasm in 11/17 and 5/14 evaluable pairs, respectively. LY was detected in neoplastic and non-neoplastic tumor cells in 5/16 and 15/16 evaluable pairs respectively. Gene expression analysis indicated a reduction in survivin expression by 20% to 50% in 11/15 evaluable pairs. Analysis of the fresh tumor material from endobronchial sampling revealed that 2 out of 3 patients with NSCLC had a near-complete elimination of survivin-positive cells accompanied by an increase in the fraction of cells with a sub-G1 DNA content, consistent with cell death. Conclusions: In this study, we were able to demonstrate the presence of the ASO in tumor tissue and confirm a reduction in survivin protein and gene expression. These findings demonstrate the proof of principle of antitumor activity of LY and provide the rationale for phase II studies. [Table: see text]
Prophylactic treatment of anthrax with antibiotics
Authors: C A. Hart, N. J Beeching
Journal: BMJ (2001)

stereotyped as a male disease, men display a high degree of ignorance and avoidance of both coronary heart disease and the risk factors associated with it.For instance, though women may avoid considering their risk of developing coronary heart disease by assuming it is a male disease, men too delay in seeking medical help when experiencing chest pain. 5 14Thus coronary heart disease is the greatest cause of premature death in men, yet it is relatively unresearched from the perspective of men's health behaviour.Though the aims as set out in the national service framework are laudable, the fact that the framework does not include male and female specific standards makes it harder to create the environment for research and health strategy development that addresses men and women's separate needs.This is already evident by the relative dearth of social research into gender and coronary heart disease.Both women's health groups and the Men's Health Forum (www.men'shealthforum.org.uk)have noted that only a few practitioners have set up gender sensitive initiatives.Gender must be seen as an important factor in health care planning and delivery.Coronary heart disease is a prime example of where there are known gender differences.We need investment in research and inclusion of gender within educational programmes, without which health professionals will remain ignorant of the problems created by gender neutral health care.