tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immortalized dendritic cell line fully competent in antigen presentation initiates primary T cell responses in vivo.
Authors: P Paglia, G Girolomoni, F Robbiati, F Granucci, P Ricciardi-Castagnoli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Dendritic cells (DC) can provide all the known costimulatory signals required for activation of unprimed T cells and are the most efficient and perhaps the critical antigen presenting cells in the induction of primary T cell-mediated immune responses. It is now shown that mouse cell lines with many of the features of DC can be generated using the MIB phi 2-N11 retroviral vector transducing a novel envAKR-mycMH2 fusion gene. The immortalized dendritic cell line (CB1) displays most of the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and functional attributes of DC, including constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, costimulatory molecules B7/BB1, heat stable antigen, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and efficient antigen-presenting ability. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) proved to be effective in increasing MHC class II molecule expression and in enhancing presentation of native protein antigens. In comparison with macrophages, CB1 dendritic cells did not exhibit phagocytic and chemotactic activity in response to various stimuli and lipopolysaccharide activation was ineffective in inducing tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1 beta production. CB1 cells, pulsed with haptens in vitro and injected into naive mice were able to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, further increased with pretreatment with GM-CSF, indicating that these cells may represent an immature, rather than a mature DC. The ability of CB1 to prime T cells in vivo could provide a tool to design novel immunization strategies.
Managing Conflict at the End of Life
Authors: M. Gregg Bloche
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Dr. M. Gregg Bloche on managing conflict at the end of life. (06:44)Download The media spectacle that surrounded the dying of Terri Schiavo is now two months past, and America's culture warriors have moved on to other battlegrounds. Much has been said about which political players won or lost and whether key voting blocs will care. But does the experience offer any useful lessons about the subject in dispute — decision making at the end of life?There is a widespread perception that the law failed Terri Schiavo, her family, and the country by not yielding a quick, clear resolution. Cultural conservatives and others who rallied to the side of Schiavo's parents condemn . . .
HIV-1 Antibody Reactivity in Inner-city Alcoholics
Authors: Steven J. Schleifer, Steven E. Keller, Joseph M. Lombardo, John E. Franklin, Stephanie LaFarge, Sheldon I. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in substance abusers is a major public health concern, with intravenous (IV) drug users in urban centers such as New York, NY,<sup>1</sup>and Newark, NJ,<sup>2,3</sup>having an estimated prevalence of HIV seropositivity of 50% to 60%. Alcohol abusers, especially in inner-city areas, represent a large secondary at-risk population owing to geographic and social proximity to the primary high-risk groups, compounded by their being less likely than nonabusers to use safe-sex practices. The prevalence of antibody to HIV type 1 in alcoholics who deny the use of other substances has not, to our knowledge, been described. We conducted an anonymous screening for HIV type 1 antibody on discarded samples from routine blood analyses of 99 patients in an inner-city alcohol treatment center. Sixty-eight percent of samples were from patients reporting alcohol use exclusively and 27% were from those with an additional
Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: R Lamb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objectives:</b> To determine if polymorphisms within the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene are associated and linked with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). To investigate any possible gene-gene (epistatic) interaction between TLR4 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene polymorphisms. <b>Methods:</b> 313 simplex families (each containing one affected JIA proband) were genotyped. Two known functionally important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TLR4 gene (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) were typed by SNaPshot ddNTP primer extension and capillary electrophoresis. Single point and multipoint transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) were carried out through the extended TDT and TDT phase packages for the two TLR4 SNPs. Epistatic interaction between TLR4 haplotypes and the previously JIA associated MIF CATT<sub>7</sub>-MIF-173*C promoter haplotype was investigated by χ<sup>2</sup> test and unconditional logistic regression in Stata version 7. <b>Results:</b> No distortion from random inheritance was observed by single point analysis for TLR4 Asp299Gly (p = 0.89) or TLR4 Thr399Ile (p = 0.40). Similarly, no distortion in transmission was seen when the TLR4 haplotypes were studied (p = 0.54). Additionally, no evidence for gene-gene interaction between TLR4 polymorphisms and the previously associated MIF gene polymorphisms was found (p = 0.40). <b>Conclusions:</b> No linkage or association was seen for Asp299Gly or Thr399Ile SNPs of TLR4 with JIA susceptibility. No evidence of an epistatic interaction between these TLR4 polymorphisms and MIF polymorphisms was found.
Pseudoasbestos Bodies and Fibers in Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Refractory Ceramic Fiber Users
Authors: PASCAL DUMORTIER, INGRID BROUCKE, PAUL DE VUYST
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) are widely used to replace asbestos in applications requiring high heat resistance. Ferruginous bodies mimicking asbestos bodies (ABs) have been detected in the lungs of RCF production workers. This raises the question about their presence in other occupational groups and whether “typical ABs” still reflect past asbestos exposures in all settings. An AB counting by phase-contrast light microscopy and a screening test by analytical electron microscopy were systematically performed on all bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) submitted to our laboratory in 1992 through 1997 (n = 1,800). When RCF were detected in electron microscopy, the structures considered as “typical ABs” were marked under light microscopy and prepared for further chemical and structural analysis. Pseudo-ABs on RCF were detected in samples from nine subjects (0.5%). All of them had worked either as foundry workers, steel workers, or welders. In these subjects, alumino-silicate fibers compatible with RCF accounted for 42% of the core fibers analyzed, other nonasbestos fibers for 28%, and asbestos fibers for 30%. ABs thus remain a valid marker of asbestos retention but attention must be paid to a possible occurrence of pseudo-asbestos bodies on RCF and other nonasbestos fibers in end-users of refractory fibers.Keywords: asbestos; refractory ceramic fibers; biopersistence; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; transmission electron microscopy
Impaired nitric oxide-mediated flow-induced dilation in arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: A Koller, A Huang
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

We tested the hypothesis that impairment of flow-dependent dilator mechanisms of skeletal muscle arterioles is one of the underlying reasons for the increased peripheral resistance in hypertension. Isolated, cannulated arterioles (approximately 55 microns) of gracilis muscle of 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and normotensive Wistar (NW) rats were investigated. At a constant perfusion pressure (80 mm Hg), the active diameters of NW and SH arterioles were 57.7 +/- 1.9 and 51.5 +/- 3.2 microns, whereas their passive diameters (Ca(2+)-free solution) were 113.6 +/- 2.9 and 101.7 +/- 2.9 microns, respectively. Flow-induced dilation was elicited by increases in flow of the perfusion solution from 0 to 25 microL/min in 5-microL/min steps. This response was significantly less in arterioles of SH compared with NW rats. For example, at 25-microL/min flow, the diameter of arterioles of SH rats was approximately 56% less (P &lt; .05) than those of NW rats. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, significantly attenuated the flow-diameter curve in both strains of rats. In contrast, N omega-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, significantly shifted the flow-diameter curve to the right in NW rats, but it did not affect the flow-diameter curve in SH rats. Thus, the present findings demonstrate that in gracilis muscle arterioles of normotensive rats in response to increases in flow (shear stress), prostaglandins and nitric oxide are co-released, resulting in a dilation. In early hypertension, however, there is a reduced arteriolar dilation to increases in flow that is due to the impairment of the nitric oxide-mediated portion of the flow-dependent arteriolar dilation.
Abcc4 Together with Abcb1 and Abcg2 Form a Robust Cooperative Drug Efflux System That Restricts the Brain Entry of Camptothecin Analogues
Authors: Fan Lin, Serena Marchetti, Dick Pluim, Dilek Iusuf, Roberto Mazzanti, Jan H.M. Schellens, Jos H. Beijnen, Olaf van Tellingen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (ABCC4) shares many features with P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), including broad substrate affinity and expression at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the pharmacologic relevance of ABCC4 at the BBB is difficult to evaluate, as most drugs are also substrates of ABCB1 and/or ABCG2.We have created a mouse strain in which all these alleles are inactivated to assess their impact on brain delivery of camptothecin analogues, an important class of antineoplastic agents and substrates of these transporters. Wild-type (WT), Abcg2(-/-), Abcb1a/b(-/-), Abcc4(-/-), Abcb1a/b;Abcg2(-/-), Abcg2;Abcc4(-/-), and Abcb1a/b;Abcg2;Abcc4(-/-) mice received i.v. topotecan, irinotecan, SN-38, or gimatecan alone or with concomitant oral elacridar. Drug levels were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).We found that additional deficiency of Abcc4 in Abcb1a/b;Abcg2(-/-) mice significantly increased the brain concentration of all camptothecin analogues by 1.2-fold (gimatecan) to 5.8-fold (SN-38). The presence of Abcb1a/b or Abcc4 alone was sufficient to reduce the brain concentration of SN-38 to the level in WT mice. Strikingly, the brain distribution of gimatecan in brain of WT mice was more than 220- and 40-fold higher than that of SN-38 and topotecan, respectively.Abcc4 limits the brain penetration of camptothecin analogues and teams up with Abcb1a/b and Abcg2 to form a robust cooperative drug efflux system. This concerted action limits the usefulness of selective ABC transport inhibitors to enhance drug entry for treatment of intracranial diseases. Our results also suggest that gimatecan might be a better candidate than irinotecan for clinical evaluation against intracranial tumors.
Hepatocyte-tumor cell interaction in vitro. I. Conditions for rosette formation and inhibition by anti-H-2 antibody.
Authors: V Schirrmacher, R Cheingsong-Popov, H Arnheiter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Murine hepatocytes, isolated by an in situ collagenase-perfusion technique and cultured in Petri dishes, were shown to form rosettes with liver-metastasizing syngeneic tumor cells. Pretreatment of the tumor cells with neuraminidase generally increased the binding, whereas pretreatment of the liver cells with neuraminidase abolished the binding completely. The tumor-cell binding may be mediated by the previously described lectin-like receptor of hepatocytes that also was sensitive to neuraminidase treatment and that bound desialylated cells better than normal cells. Anti-H-2 sera could efficiently inhibit the rosette formation of metastatic tumor cells with the hepatocytes, which points to a possible role of H-2 molecules in this interaction of neoplastic and normal cells.
Ventilator-induced Overdistension in Children
Authors: VÉRONIQUE NÈVE, ERIC DUMAS de la ROQUE, FRANCIS LECLERC, STÉPHANE LETEURTRE, AYMÉE DORKENOO, AHMED SADIK, ROBIN CREMER, RÉGIS LOGIER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We applied to 20 paralyzed ventilated children (0.15 to 14.3 yr, six with acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]) the low-flow inflation (LFI) technique providing quasi-static volume–pressure (V-P) curves and compared the assessment of overdistension (OD) on dynamic and LFI (reference) inspiratory V-P curves. Dynamic curves were obtained at the airway opening during regular constant flow ventilation (Servo 300). Then LFI curves were obtained. Two analyses were performed: First, the nonlinear coefficient c of a second order polynomial equation (SOPE) fitted to dynamic data obtained during constant flow was compared with the c of SOPE fitted to LFI curve (within tidal volume [Vt]). Second, the dynamic C20/C (ratio of compliance of the last 20% of the curve (C20) to total compliance [C]) was compared with the determination of the upper inflection point (UIP) on the LFI curve. OD was defined as a negative value of c, a C20/C < 0.80, an UIP included within the Vt range for that child during regular ventilation. Using LFI V-P curves as reference, SOPE offered a better detection of OD than dynamic C20/C or the determination of the UIP by graphical means. Indeed the first analysis showed a substantial agreement ( κ 0.75) between dynamic c and LFI c detection of OD whereas the second analysis showed a poor agreement ( κ 0.22) between C20/ C and LFI detection of the UIP. In conclusion, quasi-static V-P curves can easily be obtained in children with the LFI technique. SOPE offers a good detection of OD on dynamic and LFI V-P curves but the C20/C index seems to be an inadequate measure of OD.
Determinants of Survival among HIV-Infected Chronic Dialysis Patients
Authors: Rudolph A. Rodriguez, Michael Mendelson, Ann M. O’Hare, Ling Chin Hsu, Patricia Schoenfeld
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. Over 100 HIV-infected patients have initiated chronic dialysis at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) since 1985. This study employed retrospective analysis to identify determinants of and trends in survival among HIV-infected patients who have initiated chronic dialysis at SFGH from January 1, 1985 to November 1, 2002 (n = 115). Cohort patient survival was compared with survival after an AIDS-opportunistic illness in all HIV-infected patients in San Francisco during the study period. Higher CD4 count (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86 per 50 cells/mm3 increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 0.93) and serum albumin (HR, 0.53 per 1 g/dl increase; CI, 0.36 to 0.78) at initiation of dialysis were strongly associated with lower mortality. Survival for those initiating dialysis during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was 16.1 mo versus 9.4 mo for those initiating dialysis before this time, but this difference was not statistically significant. In adjusted analysis, only a non-statistically significant trend toward improved survival during the HAART era was noted (HR, 0.59; CI, 0.34 to 1.04). By comparison, survival for all HIV-infected patients after an AIDS-opportunistic illness in San Francisco increased from 16 mo in 1994 to 81 mo in 1996. The dramatic improvement in survival that has occurred since the mid-1990s for patients with HIV appears to be greatly attenuated in the sub-group undergoing dialysis. Although this may partly reflect confounding by race, injection drug use and HCV co-infection, future attempts to improve survival among HIV-infected dialysis patients should focus on barriers to the effective use of HAART in this group. E-mail: [email protected]
Brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactive innervation of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in the rat.
Authors: C B Saper, M R Kibbe, K M Hurley, S Spencer, H R Holmes, K M Leahy, P Needleman
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a potent dilator of aorta and renal and cerebral arteries and inhibits sympathetic tone in the heart in several mammalian species. We examined the possibility that a molecule related to porcine brain natriuretic peptide (pBNP), which acts at the same receptor sites as atrial natriuretic peptide, might provide an alternative source of natriuretic peptide to the cardiovascular system in the rat. An antiserum against pBNP demonstrated profuse immunoreactive innervation of the heart, cerebrovascular tree, and renal arteries. pBNP-like immunoreactive fibers ran in bundles along the surface of the heart, innervating the atria most heavily and penetrating the ventricular myocardium along the coronary arteries. There was greater density of innervation of the right side of the heart compared with the left, particularly in the ventricles, suggesting a parasympathetic origin. The entire cerebrovascular tree was innervated by immunoreactive pBNP fibers, with the densest concentration of immunoreactive fibers along the surface of the internal carotid, middle cerebral, posterior communicating, and anterior cerebral arteries. The proximal renal arteries were not innervated, but as they approached the kidney, they were invested by bundles of immunoreactive pBNP fibers. These axons followed the major branches of the renal artery into the kidney parenchyma, running along the surface of the arterioles up to their entrance into the renal glomeruli. No immunoreactive innervation of the aorta or proximal brachiocephalic, subclavian, or carotid arteries was seen. A substance related to pBNP may serve as a neuromodulator regulating cardiac output as well as blood flow in certain vascular beds.
An Experimental Therapeutic Approach to L1210 Leukemia in Mice: Combined Chemotherapy and Central Nervous System Irradiation2
Authors: Ralph E. Johnson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Journal Article An Experimental Therapeutic Approach to L1210 Leukemia in Mice: Combined Chemotherapy and Central Nervous System Irradiation Get access Ralph E. Johnson Ralph E. Johnson Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 32, Issue 6, June 1964, Pages 1333–1341, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/32.6.1333 Published: 01 June 1964 Article history Received: 09 December 1963 Published: 01 June 1964
Maternal food consumption during pregnancy and asthma, respiratory and atopic symptoms in 5-year-old children
Authors: S M Willers, G Devereux, L C A Craig, G McNeill, A H Wijga, W Abou El-Magd, S W Turner, P J Helms, A Seaton
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Associations between maternal vitamin E, vitamin D and zinc intakes during pregnancy and asthma, wheeze and eczema in 5-year-old children have previously been reported. A study was undertaken to investigate whether maternal intake of specific foods during pregnancy is associated with asthma and allergic outcomes in the same children.A longitudinal birth cohort study was conducted in 1,924 children born to women recruited during pregnancy. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Cohort children were followed up at 5 years by symptom questionnaire and FFQ. Food groups of interest were fruit, vegetables, fruit juice, whole grain products, fish, dairy products and fat spreads. Trends across outcome groups defined by level of food intake are presented.1,253 children participated at 5 years and maternal FFQ data were available for 1,212. No consistent associations were found between childhood outcomes and maternal intake of the analysed foods except for apples and fish. Maternal apple intake was beneficially associated with ever wheeze (OR highest vs lowest tertile 0.63, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.95), ever asthma (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.92) and doctor-confirmed asthma (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.82) in the children. Maternal fish consumption was beneficially associated with doctor-confirmed eczema (OR >or=1/week vs never 0.57, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.92).There was no evidence for associations between maternal intake of most foods during pregnancy and asthma, respiratory and allergic outcomes in 5-year-old children, except for apples and fish. Consumption of apples and fish during pregnancy may have a protective effect against the development of childhood asthma and allergic disease.
Amphiphilic and biodegradable methoxy polyethylene glycol-block-(polycaprolactone-graft-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)) as an effective gene carrier
Authors: Shutao Guo, Yuanyu Huang, Tuo Wei, Wendi Zhang, Weiwei Wang, Daoshu Lin, Xu Zhang, Anil Kumar, Quan Du, Jinfeng Xing, Liandong Deng, Zicai Liang, Paul C. Wang, Anjie Dong, Xing-Jie Liang
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
THE CLINICAL VALUE OF THE VAN DEN BERGH REACTION FOR BILIRUBIN IN BLOOD: WITH NOTES ON IMPROVEMENTS IN ITS TECHNIQUE
Authors: J. W. McNee, C. S. Keefer
Journal: BMJ (1925)

The reaction of Hijmans van den Bergh for the recognition and estimation of bilirubin in blood serum, plasma, and other albuminous fluids of the body is now well known to clinicians. More than two years have elapsed since the method was first described in the English language, and since then ample opportunity has been afforded of testing its applications in different directions. It is not proposed to discuss here the influence of the method on research work in connexion with hepatic disease and bile-pigment metabolism, although this influence has already been great. It seems worth while, however, to reconsider, after two years, the present position and value of the test in its purely clinical aspects, and whether it has been of much service in the routine study of hepatic disease. Certain improvements in technique, which must add greatly to any merits possessed by the test, are also referred to. During the past two years one of us (J. W. M.) has received a great deal of correspondence from workers, both in America and Great Britain, who have made use of the test. Various points of difficulty have been raised, some easily solved by the results of experience or by experiment, and some not easily explainable at a distance without know ledge of the reagents used. From this correspondence, how ever, several important points have emerged, and require discussion. Publications on the purely clinical application of the test are already numerous, especially in Germany. No full bibliography need be attempted, but ample records of clinical results are contained in the following: Feigl and Querner (1919), Lepehne (1920, 1921), Rosenthal and H?lzer (1921), Br?l?, Garban and Weissmann (1922), Andrewes (1924), and Hughes (1924). Application of the test to special clinical problems has been made by : Strauss and Buerkrnann (1922), Gerrard (1924), Schamberg and Brown (1924)?latent and overt salvarsan (arsphenamine) jaundice; Schiff and Eliasberg (1922)? catarrhal jaundice; Fishberg (1924)?jaundice in myocardial insufficiency ; Andrewes (1924)?peculiar diazo-reaction in uraemia ; Broun, Ames, Warren, and Peabody (1925)?study of the blood pigments in pernicious anaemia.