tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological Performance in Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Importance of Working Memory
Authors: Vivian Mitropoulou, Phillip D Harvey, Gayle Zegarelli, Antonia S New, Jeremy M Silverman, Larry J Siever
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

Background: Cognitive deficits consistently have been reported in schizophrenia patients and in patients with schizotypal personality disorder. For this study, the authors wanted to identify which of the domains of cognitive impairment represent "core" deficits of schizophrenia, comparing subjects with schizotypal personality disorder to two comparison groups: healthy volunteers and patients with personality disorders unrelated to schizophrenia. METHOD: Three groups completed a neuropsychological battery: patients with DSM-III-R schizotypal personality disorder (N=82); patients with DSM-III-R personality disorders unrelated to schizophrenia (i.e., a personality disorder other than schizotypal, schizoid, or paranoid [N=44]); and healthy volunteers (N=63). The battery included the California Verbal Learning Test, Trailmaking Test parts A and B, the Dot test of working memory, the Stroop Color and Word Test, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, the WMS visual reproduction test, and the WAIS-R vocabulary and block design. RESULTS: Normative standards for performance that controlled for age, gender, and education were created from the scores of the healthy volunteers. Overall, schizotypal personality disorder patients performed significantly worse than the healthy volunteers and those with personality disorders unrelated to schizophrenia. Specifically, patients with schizotypal personality disorder demonstrated impaired performance on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, WMS visual reproduction test, Dot test, and California Verbal Learning Test. In addition, in a regression analysis, performance on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test demonstrated the largest effect size. Indeed, it accounted for unique variance above and beyond all other cognitive measures, since controlling for Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test performance abolished group differences across all other measures. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizotypal personality disorder demonstrated moderate cognitive impairment compared with healthy volunteers (significant for seven out of 11 measures). These differences reached statistical significance for tasks of working memory, episodic memory, and delayed recall. Working memory performance accounted for the group differences. This study supports the view that working memory represents a core deficit of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Federalism and Health System Reform
Authors: M S Marquis, S H Long
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To assess the prospect that the states, acting independently, would undertake health insurance coverage expansions that together would result in meaningful reductions in the extent of uninsurance nationally.We use microsimulation methods to contrast the federal income tax payments needed to finance a national program covering the uninsured with the state income tax payments needed to finance a state-specific program for the same purpose. The contrast reveals the effects on the tax burdens of differences among states in uninsured rates and tax capacity.Continental United States.Observations from the 1990 through 1993 Current Population Survey (N =305 477 families), weighted to represent the population of each state.Illustrative public health insurance program for families with incomes below 250% of poverty, not covered by current public or employer-sponsored health insurance.Change in percent uninsured, change in per capita total tax payments.The per capita cost of a state-specific program is directly related to current uninsured rates, $130 in states with low uninsured rates (10%) to $230 in states with high uninsured rates (21%). This would represent increases in state total tax effort of 10% to 19%, respectively. In contrast, equal tax effort to finance a national program would imply per capita yields of about $200 in the low-uninsured states and about $150 in the high-uninsured states.Substantial state tax effort would be necessary to cover the low-income uninsured-especially in states with the highest uninsured rates, which also have the lowest tax capacity. Targeted federal financial assistance may be necessary, if policymakers wish to induce many states to provide health insurance coverage for their uninsured.
Risk for Secondary Thyroid Carcinoma After Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: An EBMT Late Effects Working Party Study
Authors: Amnon Cohen, Attilio Rovelli, Domenico Franco Merlo, Maria Teresa van Lint, Edoardo Lanino, Dorine Bresters, Marcello Ceppi, Vittorio Bocchini, André Tichelli, Gerard Socié
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose The effects of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) on thyroid carcinogenesis needs to be determined in a large population. This study evaluates the incidence and the risk factors contributing to secondary thyroid carcinoma (STC) in patients who receive transplantation. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective investigational study, comparing data obtained by means of a two-step questionnaire from the 166 centers who replied, and data reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) registry on their transplantation activity. During the follow-up period (1985 to 2003), 32 instances of STC were found within the EBMT cohort of 68,936 patients who received transplants. These patients were then compared with age- and sex-specific incidence rates in the European population and risk factors for STC were analyzed. Results The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of STC in the population who underwent transplantation was 3.26, in comparison with the European population. Multivariate analysis revealed that young age at transplantation was the strongest risk factor for STC (relative risk [RR], 24.61 for age 0 to 10 years; RR, 4.80 for age 11 to 20). Other risk factors were irradiation (RR, 3.44), female sex (RR, 2.79), and chronic graft-versus-host disease (RR, 2.94). Nine patients showed no clinical signs of thyroid illness at diagnosis. Total thyroidectomy and iodine ablation was the standard treatment for the majority of patients, and only one patient died due to STC progression. Conclusion Long-term survivors of HSCT are at risk for STCs. These results should promote efforts in screening for early detection and treatment guidelines of secondary thyroid cancer after HSCT, especially in patients who receive transplants during childhood and adolescence.
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes consume oxygen in sputum from chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in cystic fibrosis
Authors: M Kolpen, C R Hansen, T Bjarnsholt, C Moser, L D Christensen, M van Gennip, O Ciofu, L Mandsberg, A Kharazmi, G Doring, M Givskov, N Hoiby, P O Jensen
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Chronic lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most severe complication for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This infection is characterised by endobronchial mucoid biofilms surrounded by numerous polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). The mucoid phenotype offers protection against the PMNs, which are in general assumed to mount an active respiratory burst leading to lung tissue deterioration. An ongoing respiratory burst by the PMNs has, however, not been demonstrated previously in endobronchial secretions from chronically infected patients with CF.Based on the accumulating evidence for depletion of molecular oxygen (O(2)) in the mucus in infected CF bronchi, it was hypothesised that the O(2) depletion in the mucus in infected CF bronchi may be accelerated by the respiratory burst of the PMNs due to the reduction of O(2) to the superoxide anion (O(-)(2)) by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (Phox).Methods were established to isolate the O(2) consumption by the respiratory burst from aerobic respiration in freshly expectorated sputum from chronically infected patients with CF.Inhibition of the Phox with diphenylene iodonium (DPI) delayed O(2) depletion, nearly abolished staining of O(-)(2)-producing PMNs with hydroethidine and inhibited the rapid luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in sputum. Furthermore, the total O(2) consumption was correlated to the concentration of PMNs in the sputum samples.The results demonstrate that CF sputum contains PMNs with an active consumption of O(2) for O(-)(2) production and suggest that the respiratory burst is ongoing and causes accelerated O(2) depletion due to formation of O(-)(2) in the lungs of chronically infected patients with CF.
Multimodality treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Guntulu Ak, Muzaffer Metintas, Huseyin Yildirim, Hasan Batirel, Cumhur Sivrikoz, Gulden Sari, Egemen Doner, Selma Metintas, Emine Dundar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

There is no widely accepted standart of care for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Multimodality treatment protocol should be the standard approach in suitable patients and performed as a part of a trial: Biopsy proven MPM of non-sarcomatiod cell type, T1-3, N0-1, M0, patient fit for extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), neo-/adjuant chemotherapy, and radical hemithoracic irridation.  In this study we evaluated the outcome of our patients with MPM who were treated by multimodality schedule including EPP, radical hemithoracic irridation, and cisplatin-pemetrexed/gemcitabine chemotherapy regimen.  A total of 29 patients who consecutively underwent multimodality treatment schedule, 15 men, 14 women, were included. Of the patients 24 had epithelial cell type, 5 were mixed. 12 patients had stage 1 disease, 6 had II, 10 had III, 1 had IV (after surgery). Perioperative mortality (in 1 month) was 14% (4/28), mortality during multimodal therapy schedule was 18% (5/28). Patients completed multimodal Schedule were 19 (68%). Of the 19 patients completed multi-modality treatment, 11 died, 8 are alive.  For all patients, 28 cases, median survival was 19 months. For 19 cases completed multimodality treatment schedule, MS was 41 months. The rate for 12, 36, 60-month survival were 89.5%, 42.1%, 31.6% respectively. For 9 cases who could not be completed multimodality tretament Schedule, median survival was 4 months.  We concluded that multimodality treatment schedule in MPM is provided quite longer survival for selected cases.
Elevated Serum Free Light Chains Are Associated With Event-Free and Overall Survival in Two Independent Cohorts of Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Matthew J. Maurer, Ivana N.M. Micallef, James R. Cerhan, Jerry A. Katzmann, Brian K. Link, Joseph P. Colgan, Thomas M. Habermann, David J. Inwards, Svetomir N. Markovic, Stephen M. Ansell, Luis F. Porrata, Patrick B. Johnston, Grzegorz S. Nowakowski, Carrie A. Thompson, Mamta Gupta, Sergei I. Syrbu, Paul J. Kurtin, William R. Macon, Daniel A. Nikcevich, Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

The serum free light chain (FLC) assay quantitates free kappa (κ) and free lambda (λ) immunoglobulin light chains. This assay has prognostic value in plasma cell proliferative disorders. There are limited data on serum FLC in B-cell malignancies.
Intestinal infarction caused by carcinoid associated elastic vascular sclerosis: early presentation of a small ileal carcinoid tumour.
Authors: J N Harvey, M E Denyer, P DaCosta
Journal: Gut (1989)

We describe a patient with extensive ischaemic necrosis of the ileum as a result of elastic vascular sclerosis (EVS). A 2 cm carcinoid tumour was located nearby with microscopic evidence of spread to regional lymph nodes. Severe intestinal ischaemia caused by carcinoid associated EVS may be the presenting feature of small carcinoid tumours resulting in their early diagnosis.
Effect of 1-year smoking cessation on airway inflammation in COPD and asymptomatic smokers
Authors: B. W. M. Willemse, N. H. T. ten Hacken, B. Rutgers, I. G. A. T. Lesman-Leegte, D. S. Postma, W. Timens
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Smoking cessation is the only treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) effective in slowing down disease progression. Its effect on airway inflammation in COPD is unknown, although cross-sectional studies suggest ongoing inflammation in ex-smokers. In order to elucidate the effect of smoking cessation on airway inflammation, 28 smokers with COPD (mean age: 55 yrs; forced expiratory volume in one second: 71% predicted) and 25 asymptomatic smokers with normal lung function (aged 50 yrs) were included in a 1-yr smoking cessation programme. Effects of smoking cessation on airway inflammation were investigated in bronchial biopsies (baseline, 12 months) and sputum samples (baseline, 2, 6 and 12 months). In the 12 candidates with COPD who successfully ceased smoking, airway inflammation persisted in bronchial biopsies, while the number of sputum neutrophils, lymphocytes, interleukin (IL)-8 and eosinophilic-cationic-protein levels significantly increased at 12 months. In the 16 asymptomatic smokers who successfully quitted, inflammation significantly reduced ( i.e. number of sputum macrophages, percentage of eosinophils and IL-8 levels) or did not change. The current authors suggest that the observed persistent airway inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to repair of tissue damage in the airways. It remains to be elucidated whether this reflects a beneficial or detrimental effect.
Left Hemisphere Dysfunction During Verbal Dichotic Listening Tests in Patients Who Have Social Phobia With or Without Comorbid Depressive Disorder
Authors: Gerard E Bruder, Franklin R Schneier, Jonathan W Stewart, Patrick J McGrath, Frederic Quitkin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

Behavioral, electrophysiological, and imaging studies have found evidence that anxiety disorders are associated with left hemisphere dysfunction or higher than normal activation of right hemisphere regions. Few studies, however, have examined hemispheric asymmetries of function in social phobia, and the influence of comorbidity with depressive disorders is unknown. The present study used dichotic listening tests to assess lateralized cognitive processing in patients with social phobia, depression, or comorbid social phobia and depression.The study used a two-by-two factorial design in which one factor was social phobia (present versus absent) and the second factor was depressive disorder (present versus absent). A total of 125 unmedicated patients with social phobia, depressive disorder, or comorbid social phobia and depressive disorder and 44 healthy comparison subjects were tested on dichotic fused-words, consonant-vowel syllable, and complex tone tests.Patients with social phobia with or without a comorbid depressive disorder had a smaller left hemisphere advantage for processing words and syllables, compared with subjects without social phobia, whereas no difference between groups was found in the right hemisphere advantage for processing complex tones. Depressed women had a larger left hemisphere advantage for processing words, compared with nondepressed women, but this difference was not seen among men.The results support the hypothesis that social phobia is associated with dysfunction of left hemisphere regions mediating verbal processing. Given the importance of verbal processes in social interactions, this dysfunction may contribute to the stress and difficulty experienced by patients with social phobia in social situations.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Novel Molecular Approaches for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy
Authors: Augusto Villanueva, Beatriz Minguez, Alejandro Forner, Maria Reig, Josep M. Llovet
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2010)

The genomic era is changing the understanding of cancer, although translation of the vast amount of data available into decision-making algorithms is far from reality. Molecular profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common cause of death among cirrhotic patients and a fast-growing malignancy in Western countries, is enabling the advancement of novel approaches to disease diagnosis and management. Most HCCs arise on a cirrhotic liver, and predictably, an accurate genomic characterization will allow the identification of procarcinogenic signals amenable to selective targeting by chemopreventive strategies. Molecular diagnosis is currently feasible for small tumors, but it has not yet been formalized by scientific guidelines. Molecular treatment is a reality: Sorafenib confers unprecedented survival benefits in patients at advanced stages. Genomic information from tumor and nontumoral tissue will aid prognosis prediction and facilitate the identification of oncogene addiction loops, providing the opportunity for more personalized medicine.
Prematurity: An Overview and Public Health Implications
Authors: Marie C. McCormick, Jonathan S. Litt, Vincent C. Smith, John A.F. Zupancic
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2011)

The high rate of premature births in the United States remains a public health concern. These infants experience substantial morbidity and mortality in the newborn period, which translate into significant medical costs. In early childhood, survivors are characterized by a variety of health problems, including motor delay and/or cerebral palsy, lower IQs, behavior problems, and respiratory illness, especially asthma. Many experience difficulty with school work, lower health-related quality of life, and family stress. Emerging information in adolescence and young adulthood paints a more optimistic picture, with persistence of many problems but with better adaptation and more positive expectations by the young adults. Few opportunities for prevention have been identified; therefore, public health approaches to prematurity include assurance of delivery in a facility capable of managing neonatal complications, quality improvement to minimize interinstitutional variations, early developmental support for such infants, and attention to related family health issues.
Global challenges in liver disease
Authors: Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Immigration, cheap air travel, and globalization are all factors contributing to a worldwide spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. End-stage chronic liver disease (ESLD) as a result of co-infection with HBV/HCV is now the major cause of death for individuals who have been infected with the HIV virus. The high incidence of HCV infection in Egypt--the legacy left from the mass use of tartar emetic to eradicate schistosomiasis, as in other high prevalence areas--will take years to reduce. Steatohepatitis due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is developing into a new and major health problem as a result of rising levels of obesity in populations worldwide. Hepatic steatosis also has an adverse influence on the progression of other liver diseases including chronic HCV infection and alcoholic liver disease. In many countries, considerable public concern is on the rise due to increased levels of alcohol consumption adversely affecting younger and affluent age groups. With the rising prevalence of cirrhosis, primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in frequency as is that of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Finally, despite the successes of liver transplantation, many deserving patients are not getting transplants due to low levels of cadaver organ donation in many countries, thereby increasing pressures on the use of living donor liver transplantation. Only through a concerted effort from governments, health agencies, healthcare professionals at all levels, and the pharmaceutical industry can this grim outlook for liver disease worldwide be reversed.
Regional copy number–independent deregulation of transcription in cancer
Authors: Nicolas Stransky, Céline Vallot, Fabien Reyal, Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot, Sixtina Gil Diez de Medina, Rick Segraves, Yann de Rycke, Paul Elvin, Andrew Cassidy, Carolyn Spraggon, Alexander Graham, Jennifer Southgate, Bernard Asselain, Yves Allory, Claude C Abbou, Donna G Albertson, Jean Paul Thiery, Dominique K Chopin, Daniel Pinkel, François Radvanyi
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Diabetes Performance Measures: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Patrick J. O'Connor, Noni L. Bodkin, Judith Fradkin, Russell E. Glasgow, Sheldon Greenfield, Edward Gregg, Eve A. Kerr, L. Gregory Pawlson, Joseph V. Selby, John E. Sutherland, Michael L. Taylor, Carol H. Wysham
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Just as treatment guidelines for diabetes care were at the forefront of medical guideline development (1), diabetes has been a prominent focus of performance measurement and quality improvement initiatives for well over a decade. However, the constraints of pre-electronic health records (EHRs) data systems have consistently limited the clinical scope and sophistication of current diabetes quality measures. The U.S. health care system is nearing a tipping point in the use of more sophisticated EHR-based information systems, and widespread use of these systems will usher in a new era for diabetes quality measurement. New information system capabilities will enable improvements to existing measures and enable development of much more sophisticated measures that can accommodate personalization of clinical goals, patient preferences, and patient-reported data, thus moving both guidelines and measures toward personalization based on sophisticated assessment of the risks and benefits of certain clinical actions for a given patient at a given clinical encounter.

To facilitate discussion of the future of performance measurement in diabetes in this era of rapid transition to EHRs, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) convened a consensus development conference in December 2010. Participating experts identified and discussed the following questions:

1.  1. What is the evidence that measuring quality, benchmarking, and providing feedback or incentives improve diabetes care?

2.  2. What are the limitations, burdens, and consequences (intended or unintended) of diabetes quality measures as currently structured?

3.  3. What should be the role of shared decision making, patient preferences, and patient-reported data in quality measures?

4.  4. What is the future of quality measurement in diabetes?

5.  5. How can quality monitoring be integrated into population surveillance efforts?

This report summarizes the consensus meeting, and represents the expert opinion of its authors and not the official position of the ADA or any other participating organization.

### 1. What is the evidence that measuring quality, benchmarking, and providing feedback or incentives improve diabetes care?

The first national effort to develop a …