tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipid Deposits in the Lungs of Germ-Free Animals
Authors: D L BEAVER, L L ASHBURN, E G MCDANIEL, N D BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A prospective evaluation of 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin in advanced squamous-cell cancer of the head and neck.
Authors: K S Dasmahapatra, P Citrin, G J Hill, R Yee, M A Mohit-Tabatabai, B F Rush
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Recent studies have shown improved efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with advanced squamous-cell cancer of the head and neck. Our purpose was to evaluate prospectively the activity of cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in 37 patients with advanced stage IV squamous-cell cancer of the head and neck. There were two groups. Group 1 consisted of 19 previously untreated patients with either T4 or N3 disease. They received 100 mg/m2 cisplatin (days 1 and 28) and 120-hour infusion of 1,000 mg/m2/24 hours 5FU (days 1 to 5 and 28 to 32). They subsequently were offered preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and surgery. Group 2 consisted of 18 previously treated patients. They received 5FU and cisplatin in the same dosage every 28 days for either recurrent or metastatic disease. It was found that in group 1 there was an 84% response rate (five complete responses (CR) and 11 partial responses (PR) ). Three of those with PR achieved a CR after RT. Seven patients have had RT plus surgery and are disease free at 8 to 27 month follow-up. Six patients (one CR, five PR) refused surgery and progressed within 4 months. In group 2 there was an 11% response rate after two cycles (two PR), three patients had a minimal response (MR, less than 50% response) and received a mean of four cycles of treatment. Three patients with stable disease received a mean of four cycles of chemotherapy until progression. Two of 11 patients who had received previous chemotherapy plus RT showed an MR; nine of these patients had shown a response to their previous chemotherapy. Only one of 14 patients who had RT plus chemotherapy had a PR, and three had MR. Of five patients who had previous surgery, only one had a PR. All five had received chemotherapy as well. It was concluded that 5FU plus cisplatin is an effective combination in previously untreated patients. In previously treated patients with recurrent disease, there is a substantially lower response rate.
High-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCAT) in the treatment of germ cell tumors: Retrospective analysis of The National Cancer Institute-Brasil
Authors: D. Herchenhorn, R. Dienstmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4791 Background: HCAT can be used as salvage therapy in relapsed or refractory germ cell tumors (GCT). The success rates of HCAT vary according to the timing of its indication and the presence of bad prognostic variables: cisplatin-refractory disease, progressive disease before HCAT, beta-HCG greater than 1,000 U/l and mediastinal primary. This study describes the prognostic features, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of all transplanted patients (pts) with GCT treated at our institution. Methods: Retrospective chart review from 1996 to 2003. Eleven pts underwent HCAT with conventional carboplatin/ etoposide for intermediate or poor risk GCT. One pt was not available for follow-up. Results: Median pts age at diagnosis was 21.5 years (range 16–40). Nine patients had non-seminomatous GCT and 1 had pure seminoma. All patients received initial cisplatin-based chemotherapy (BEP in 8 pts) and 4 underwent surgery for residual disease with negative markers. After initial treatment, 2 pts had partial response but positive markers; one of them underwent HCAT as primary rescue. Chemotherapy regimen at relapse (8 pts) or persistent disease (1 pt) consisted of VIP /VeIP. Of these pts, 4 underwent HCAT after second remission, 1 as rescue after second relapse and 4 after third relapse. At HCAT, 5 pts had none of the bad prognostic variables, 3 pts had 1 and 2 pts had 2. No pt had cisplatin-refractory disease or mediastinal primary tumor. Deaths did not occurred in the early post-transplant period. Until December 2004, 9 pts had disease progression, 8 of them died and 1 is alive on treatment. Median PFS after HCAT was 5 months (range 1 - 74) and median OS 13.5 months (4 - 74). Only 1 pt is alive and without evidence of disease after 5 years (seminoma). Conclusions: HCAT for relapsed or refractory GCT was not frequently tested and indicated as a late treatment option in our institution. Toxicity of HCAT did not compromise survival. Despite the good or intermediate prognostic score, only 1 out of 10 pts was cured. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
How Do Head and Neck Cancer Patients Prioritize Treatment Outcomes Before Initiating Treatment?
Authors: Marcy A. List, John Stracks, Laura Colangelo, Pamela Butler, Natasha Ganzenko, Donna Lundy, Paula Sullivan, Daniel Haraf, Merrill Kies, William Goodwin, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine, pretreatment, how head and neck cancer (HNC) patients prioritize potential treatment effects in relationship to each other and to survival and to ascertain whether patients’ preferences are related to demographic or disease characteristics, performance status, or quality of life (QOL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-one patients were assessed pretreatment using standardized measures of QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck) and performance (Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer). Patients were also asked to rank a series of 12 potential HNC treatment effects. RESULTS: Being cured was ranked top priority by 75% of patients; another 18% ranked it second or third. Living as long as possible and having no pain were placed in the top three by 56% and 35% of patients, respectively. Items that were ranked in the top three by 10% to 24% of patients included those related to energy, swallowing, voice, and appearance. Items related to chewing, being understood, tasting, and dry mouth were placed in the top three by less than 10% of patients. Excluding the top three rankings, there was considerable variability in ratings. Rankings were generally unrelated to patient or disease characteristics, with the exception that cure and living were of slightly lower priority and pain of higher priority to older patients compared with younger patients. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that, at least pretreatment, survival is of primary importance to patients, supporting the development of aggressive treatment strategies. In addition, results highlight individual variability and warn against making assumptions about patients’ attitudes vis-à-vis potential outcomes. Whether patients’ priorities will change as they experience late effects is currently under investigation.
The Fine Structure of a Malignant Lymphoma in a Child from St. Louis, Missouri&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ronald F. Dorfman, M.B.B.Ch.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Biopsy material from an intra-abdominal malignant lymphoma in a 2-year-old boy from St. Louis, Mo., was examined by light and electron microscopy. The predominant tumor cells had the ultrastructural characteristics of lymphoblasts, with scattered macrophages showing active phagocytosis of nuclear debris. Nuclear projections enclosing cytoplasmic material, identical to those described in cells of Burkitt's tumor from Ugandan patients, were observed in many lymphoblasts. The initial manifestations of the disease, histology of the tumor, and fine structure of the tumor cells were typical of Burkitt's lymphoma. The subsequent development of leukemia, common in childhood lymphosarcoma in the United States, is rarely encountered with Burkitt's tumor in Africa. These ultrastructural observations provide further evidence linking childhood lymphosarcoma of the lymphoblastic type in the United States with Burkitt's tumor in Africa.
Results of Interim Analysis of Prospective Randomized Multicenter Open-Label Study in Comparison of Efficacy and Toxicity of Beacopp-14 and Beacopp-Esc Regimens in Patients with Hodgkin'S Lymphoma from Poor-Prognosis Group
Authors: I. Kriachok, I. Titorenko, O. Novosad, O. Aleksyk, T. Kadnikova, A. Martynchyk, H. Hubareva, E. Kushchevyy, I. Stepanishina
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Etiologies of exacerbations of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Tunisia
Authors: Hamida Kwas, Imene Elmjendel, Ines Zendah, Amel Khattab, Habib Ghedira
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: Exacerbations of the chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are a problem of health in our country. They are responsible of increased morbidity and mortality and of a high cost.

Aim: To determine the etiologies of exacerbations of the COPD.

Patients and methods: Retrospective study including the cases of exacerbations of COPD in patients hospitalized in our department between 2003 and 2012.

Results: There were 105 men and 3 women. The average age was 65 years. Smoking was noted in 93% patients. Twenty five per cent of the patients presented a COPD with stage IV and 27% at the stage III of GOLD classification. The main cause of exacerbation was a broncho-pulmonary infection (80 %): a bronchial infection (83 %) and pneumonia (17 %). Infectious micro-organisms were present in only 52 cases. They were mainly represented by hemophilus influenza (42 %) and by the streptococcus pneumonia (13 %). The other causes of exacerbation were: left cardiac failure (8 %), pneumothorax (6 %), pulmonary embolism (4 %), pulmonary tuberculosis (1 %) and sleep apnea syndrome (1 %). The mean duration of hospitalization was 17 days. All the patients took oxygen, bronchodilatators and preventive anticoagulant treatment. Oral corticotherapy for a short duration was indicated in 56% cases. Antibiotherapy was administered to all patients presenting a broncho-pulmonary infection.

Conclusion: The exacerbations of COPD are a frequent cause of hospitalization pneumology. The etiologies are varied but dominated by the bacterial infections.
“Beating the bushes” to identify previously unreported cases of a rare and potentially fatal adverse drug reaction: Comparison of HIV-negative rituximab-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) cases obtained by the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Report (RADAR), the FDA, the manufacturer, and a literature review
Authors: E. A. Richey, K. R. Carson, A. M. Evens, D. Focosi, C. L. Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

6604 Background: PML is a rare and usually fatal viral reactivation syndrome. As of December 2008, notifications from the FDA and rituximab (R) manufacturers described 26 patients with R-associated PML. Potential risk factors for PML include chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and HIV-infection. The FDA and the manufacturer requested that clinicians report information on all potential cases of R-associated PML. In an independent pharmacovigilance effort, RADAR queried clinicians at academic lymphoma referral centers regarding possible unreported cases of R-associated PML. Methods: RADAR surveyed clinical lymphoma experts at 13 major academic centers and identified 21 previously unreported cases of R-associated PML. Quality of reports is compared to published case reports (n=15) and reports to the FDA and manufacturer of R (n= 20). Duplicate reports were identified based on age, sex, and underlying illness. The search period was from the first FDA approval granted for R in 1997 to December 31, 2008. Results: In this series, the case-fatality rate of R-associated PML was 90%. The estimated incidence is 1 PML case per 4,700 R-treated NHL patients (based on the number of cases in this report, manufacturer estimates of 1,560,000 total global R exposures, and an estimate of six R doses per patient). Conclusions: Clinicians at major academic referral centers assist independent pharmacovigilance efforts in part provided that the requests for information are brief (&lt;20 minutes), patients and providers are assured confidentiality, and safety data is disseminated collaboratively as peer-reviewed abstracts and manuscripts. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 15622: The Lipoxygenase Inhibitor Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA) Prevents the Progression of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Gabriel Wong, Andrea Iorga, David Meriwether, Jingyuan Li, Salil Sharna, Srinivasa Reddy, Mansoureh Eghbali
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Rationale: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic lung disease characterized by severe pulmonary vascular remodeling. Recently we have shown increased circulating levels of oxidized fatty acids h...
How do asthma and COPD patients think about a patient web portal? Results from a focusgroup study
Authors: Esther Metting, Tanja Schrage, Jan Willem Wennemars, Roland Riemersma, Janwillem Kocks, Robbert Sanderman, Thys van der Molen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  Patient web portal(PWP)s have been developed by health care providers to increase transparency and enhance self-management. PWPs generally provide access to personal medical records and can include applications like self-management tools or communication options. Studies that have evaluated the effect of a PWP showed mixed results. To increase the effectiveness, patients should be involved in the development process.   Aim:  To examine the opinion, emotions and needs of asthma and COPD patients towards a PWP.   Method:  We conducted this study in focus groups: Topics were: 1)Internet and health care, 2)Access to medical records, 3)Communication with healthcare providers, 4)Applications and 5)Self-management. Patients were divided in 3 groups and 3 meetings were organized for each group.   Results:  In 3 focus groups 29 patients participated (52% men, mean age 65±11 years, 42% asthma, 46% COPD and 13% Asthma/COPD overlap syndrome). Preliminary results show that patients would like to have more reliable information about their disease. Online access to their medical records should be provided if accompanied by an explanation and after consultation with their physician. Benefit of a PWP was considered to be the possibility that different caregivers involved in one patient could see what other caregivers have done or prescribed. Patients thought that a PWP could lead to a more equal relationship with their physician.   Discussion:  Results from this study can be used in the development of a PWP. Patients considered a PWP to be a valuable instrument especially if it is patient centered so that both the patient and different health care providers can have access to the information.
Effect of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm thickness and asymmetry of diaphragm thickness in chronic stroke Patients
Authors: Ju Hyeon Jung, Nan Soo Kim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:  Stroke induces several degrees of respiratory muscle dysfunction. Previous studies have reported higher positioning of the paretic hemidiaphragm associated with decreases in diaphragmatic excursions during spontaneous breathing. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been shown to improve respiratory function in chronic stroke patients. However, there are no studies that have evaluated the effect of high-intensity IMT on these patients.   Aims and Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity IMT on diaphragm thickness and the asymmetry of diaphragm thickness in chronic stroke patients.   Methods:  Sixteen chronic stroke patients (Mean age= 60.88 years) were assigned to two groups. The intervention group completed a six-week program of IMT set at 80% of maximum inspiratory effort. The training was performed three days each week. We evaluated the diaphragm thickness by ultrasonography. Pulmonary function and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) were measured at pre- and post-intervention.   Results:  High-intensity IMT group significantly increased diaphragm thickness ratio on non-paretic side (p   Conclusions:  High-intensity IMT set at 80% of maximal effort resulted in increased contracted diaphragm thickness and decreased asymmetry of diaphragm thickness in chronic stroke patients.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and its modulation by oxygen tension in the guinea pig fetal-placental unit.
Authors: D Davidson, S A Stalcup, R B Mellins
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the guinea pig fetal-placental unit was assessed at the different oxygen tensions found in utero, during labor, and at birth. To determine fetal-placental ACE activity, we separately perfused in situ term guinea pig fetuses and their placentas via the umbilical vessels under controlled conditions of flow, temperature, and pH. ACE activity was defined as the percent of angiotensin I (AO) or bradykinin (BK) in Krebs-Henseleit solution cleared by a single passage through the placenta or fetus. Peptide concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Using BK as substrate, we found that placental and fetal ACE activities were reflected by 45% (SD = 10) and 24% (SD = 7) clearances, respectively, at a perfusate PO2 of 29 mm Hg. Maternal hypoxia (PaO2 = 28 mm Hg) decreased placental ACE activity to 16% (SD = 8) and maternal hyperoxia (PaO2 = 191 mm Hg) increased placental ACE activity to 56% (SD = 9). Using a perfusate PO2 of 95 mm Hg, fetal and placental ACE activity increased in less than 5 minutes to 75% (SD = 10) and 77% (SD = 9), respectively. Similar results were obtained using AI as substrate. We conclude that: fetal-placental ACE activity exhibits a chronically reduced level of activity appropriate to the low oxygen tension found in the fetal-placental unit; the placenta is the primary site of ACE activity in the fetus; maternal oxygenation modulates fetal-placental ACE activity; and fetal ACE activity acutely increases with increased fetal oxygenation and thus may play an important physiological role in the regulation of circulating levels of BK and AII and the circulatory adjustments at birth.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections from an elephant calf - San Diego, California, 2008.
Authors: D. Janssen, N. Lamberski, G. Dunne, M. Ginsberg, C. Roach, S. Tweeten, R. Gorwitz, S. Waterman, D. Bensyl, D. Sugerman
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2009)
Experimental Horizontal Transmission of Feline Leukemia Viruses of Subgroups A, B, and C 2
Authors: Padman S. Sarma, T. Log, Suzanne Skuntz, Surekha Krishnan, Kathryn Burkley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Experiments were conducted with cats in metal cages inside plastic isolators to determine whether feline leukemia virus (FeLV) of the three known antigenic subgroups (A, B, and C) is transmitted horizontally from infected cats to normal “contact” cats. Blood smears collected at weekly intervals were examined by the fixed-cell, indirect immunofluorescence test for FeLV internal p30 to follow the spread of infection from inoculated cat to contact cats. These studies established that viruses of all three subgroups are transmitted horizontally among kittens and adults with slightly varying degrees of speed. Virus was reisolated from one horizontally infected contact cat of each group, and its envelope antigenic type was the same as that originally inoculated into one cat of the same group. After the cats acquired the infection, they became chronic carriers of virus (viremic) during the observation period of 9 or 11 weeks post inoculation.
Psychiatric Disorders after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
Authors: Rosemary Lethem, Gianetta Rands
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

Three men in their 70s had long-term changes in mood and personality dating from immediately after transurethral prostatectomy. Focal abnormalities in the brain were not detected. The possibility of psychiatric as well as cardiovascular sequelae from this operation deserves investigation.
Detection of novel variant TMPRSS2 /ERG fusion transcripts suggests independent genomic alterations may underlie origin of multi-centric prostate cancer
Authors: M. Yoshimoto, A. M. Joshua, S. Chilton-Macneill, J. Bayani, M. Prasad, N. Fleshner, A. Finelli, A. Evans, J. Sweet, J. Squire, M. Zielenska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10029 Background: Most of the early successes in identifying chromosomal translocations in neoplasias came from the study of hematological malignancies and sarcomas, with limited evidence that consistent genomic rearrangements were present in epithelial malignancies. Recently it was reported that ∼75% of prostate cancers carry a genomic rearrangement leading to fusion of the TMPRSS2 locus to either the ERG or ETV1 genes (both ETS transcription factors). In the fusion gene, the androgen-sensitive promoter elements of TMPRSS2 are thought to mediate over-expression of these ETS transcription factors. Over-activity of the ETS family of transcription factors has been suggested to be involved in the transition from pre-neoplasia to carcinoma as they regulate genes involved in processes such as adhesion, motility, invasion and angiogenesis. Methods: Using both RT-PCR and FISH with published primers and BACs respectively we analyzed 15 samples of prostatic carcinoma from radical prostatectomies and sequenced a subset of the TMPRSS2/ERG fusions. Results: We have found ERG-TMPRSS2 fusion transcripts in 6 samples and no ETV1-TMPRSS2 fusions. Of the 6 fusion tumours, 5 were Gleason 7 and 1 was Gleason 9. Tumour stages ranged from T2a-T3b. One sample with multi-centric carcinoma exhibited 2 distinct in-frame rearrangements generating novel TMPRSS2 /ERG fusion transcripts. Variant I TMPRSS2/ERG transcript was 430 bp and it led to fusion of exons 1 and 2 of the TMPRSS2 gene with exons 5 and 6 of the ERG gene. Variant II TMPRSS2/ERG fusion transcript was slightly smaller at 350 bp and it led to fusion of exon 1 of the TMPRSS2 gene to exons 5 and 6 of the ERG gene. These novel transcripts appear to be smaller than the published fusion proteins but preliminary analysis suggests that all known regulatory and functional protein domains are maintained. Conclusions: The demonstration of two new TMPRSS2/ERG variant fusion transcripts in prostate cancer deserves further study to evaluate their functional impact and prognostic and pathological importance. Moreover the presence of two distinct transcripts within a single multi-centric tumor provides genomic evidence that independent clonal neoplasms can arise synchronously in prostate cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.