tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Uptake of <sup>99m</sup> Tc-N-NOET and <sup>201</sup> Tl During Dobutamine Infusion
Authors: Dennis A. Calnon, Mirta Ruiz, Gérald Vanzetto, Denny D. Watson, George A. Beller, David K. Glover
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The myocardial uptake of 99m Tc-sestamibi is attenuated by dobutamine stress, resulting in underestimation of ischemia. N -Ethyl- N -ethoxy-dithiocarbamato- N - 99m Tc ( 99m Tc-N-NOET) is a new 99m Tc-labeled perfusion agent that is highly extracted by the myocardium by a mechanism different from that defined for 99m Tc-sestamibi. We therefore hypothesized that 99m Tc-N-NOET uptake would not be attenuated by dobutamine and that 99m Tc-N-NOET uptake would be comparable to 201 Tl uptake during dobutamine stress. Methods and Results —In 28 open-chest dogs, after placement of a stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery that reduced flow reserve by &gt;50%, adenosine (300 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ; n=15) or dobutamine (2.5 to 30 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ; n=13) was infused. During adenosine stress, the stenotic-to-normal activity ratio for 99m Tc-N-NOET was 0.55±0.05. The stenotic-to-normal flow ratio was 0.33±0.04 at the time of 99m Tc-N-NOET injection. During dobutamine stress, the stenotic-to-normal 99m Tc-N-NOET activity ratio was 0.63±0.04, comparable to the 201 Tl activity ratio of 0.59±0.04. The stenotic-to-normal flow ratio was 0.47±0.04 at the time of 99m Tc-N-NOET and 201 Tl injection. The relationship between 99m Tc-N-NOET uptake and blood flow was comparable for adenosine and dobutamine stress, with no evidence of attenuation of 99m Tc-N-NOET extraction by dobutamine. Conclusions —In the presence of coronary stenoses that reduced regional flow reserve, the myocardial uptake of 99m Tc-N-NOET and 201 Tl are closely proportional to blood flow during both adenosine and dobutamine stress, suggesting that the adverse effect of dobutamine on 99m Tc-sestamibi uptake is a tracer-specific phenomenon rather than a generalized effect. The clinical implication of this finding is that 99m Tc-N-NOET might be preferable to 99m Tc-sestamibi when used with dobutamine stress for detection of coronary stenoses.
Sex differences in lung vulnerability to tobacco smoking
Authors: A. Langhammer, R. Johnsen, A. Gulsvik, T.L. Holmen, L. Bjermer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Studies have indicated that females are more vulnerable to the deleterious effect of tobacco smoking than males. The current study aimed to investigate the associations between tobacco smoking and reported respiratory symptoms, self-rated health, and lung function by sex. In 1995–1997 65,225 subjects aged ≥20 yrs (71% of invited) attended for screening within the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Among these, 10,941 subjects selected randomly or because they reported having asthma or asthma-related symptoms, participated in the Bronchial Obstruction in Nord-Trøndelag study consisting of spirometry and a personal interview. Tobacco smoking was associated with increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms, reduced lung function, and lower score on global self-rated health (SRH). Adjusted for smoking burden and lung function, females had a higher risk for reporting respiratory symptoms and lower SRH compared with males. Further, smoking burden was associated with a larger relative reduction in expiratory lung function in females than in males. Females reported more symptoms and lower self-rated health compared with males with similar smoking burden. Even if smoking in females was associated with a larger reduction in per cent predicted lung function compared with males, this does not fully explain the higher symptom prevalence in females.
An HLA-DR1 Transgene Confers Susceptibility to Collagen-induced Arthritis Elicited with Human Type II Collagen
Authors: Edward F. Rosloniec, David D. Brand, Linda K. Myers, Karen B. Whittington, Marina Gumanovskaya, Dennis M. Zaller, Andrea Woods, Daniel M. Altmann, John M. Stuart, Andrew H. Kang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is strongly associated with the expression of several HLA-DR haplotypes, including DR1 (DRB1*0101). Although the antigen that initiates RA remains elusive, it has been shown that many patients have autoimmunity directed to type II collagen (CII). To test the hypothesis that HLA-DR1 is capable of mediating an immune response to CII, we have generated transgenic mice expressing chimeric (human/ mouse) HLA-DR1. When the DR1 transgenic mice were immunized with human CII (hCII), they developed a severe autoimmune arthritis, evidenced by severe swelling and erythema of the limbs and marked inflammation and erosion of articular joints. The development of the autoimmune arthritis was accompanied by strong DR1-restricted T and B cell responses to hCII. The T cell response was focused on a dominant determinant contained within CII(259–273) from which an eight amino acid core was defined. The B cell response was characterized by high titers of antibody specific for hCII, and a high degree of cross-reactivity with murine type II collagen. These data demonstrate that HLA-DR1 is capable of presenting peptides derived from hCII, and suggest that this DR1 transgenic model will be useful in the development of DR1-specific therapies for RA.
Analogy as relational priming: A developmental and computational perspective on the origins of a complex cognitive skill
Authors: Robert Leech, Denis Mareschal, Richard P. Cooper
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract The development of analogical reasoning has traditionally been understood in terms of theories of adult competence. This approach emphasizes structured representations and structure mapping. In contrast, we argue that by taking a developmental perspective, analogical reasoning can be viewed as the product of a substantially different cognitive ability – relational priming. To illustrate this, we present a computational (here connectionist) account where analogy arises gradually as a by-product of pattern completion in a recurrent network. Initial exposure to a situation primes a relation that can then be applied to a novel situation to make an analogy. Relations are represented as transformations between states. The network exhibits behaviors consistent with a broad range of key phenomena from the developmental literature, lending support to the appropriateness of this approach (using low-level cognitive mechanisms) for investigating a domain that has normally been the preserve of high-level models. Furthermore, we present an additional simulation that integrates the relational priming mechanism with deliberative controlled use of inhibition to demonstrate how the framework can be extended to complex analogical reasoning, such as the data from explicit mapping studies in the literature on adults. This account highlights how taking a developmental perspective constrains the theory construction and cognitive modeling processes in a way that differs substantially from that based purely on adult studies, and illustrates how a putative complex cognitive skill can emerge out of a simple mechanism.
Pneumoperitoneum associated with artificial ventilation.
Authors: J K Scott
Journal: BMJ (1979)

severe, even fatal, pelvic actinomycosis can develop in association with usage of the IUCD.3Further investigation and follow-up of asymptomatic patients with actinomycespositive smears may provide some answers concerning the role of anaerobic bacteria in the pathogenesis of pelvic inflammation.Studies with these aims are being conducted in centres in the United Kingdom and the United States.
No Relevant Association Between Coronary Artery Ectasia and Mean Platelet Volume, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase and Uric Acid Levels
Authors: Bahadır Şarlı, Ahmet O Baktır, Hayrettin Sağlam, Hüseyin Arınç, Serkan Kurtul, Zakir Karadağ, Hüseyin Katlandur, Mahmut Akpek, Mehmet G Kaya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
HEREDITARY INFLAMMATORY VASCULITIS WITH PERSISTENT NODLES A GENETICALLY-DETERMINED NEW ENTITY PROBABLY RELATED TO LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: WILLIAM B. REED, ROBERT F. BERGERON, DENNY TUFFANELLI, EDWARD WILSON JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article HEREDITARY INFLAMMATORY VASCULITIS WITH PERSISTENT NODLES A GENETICALLY‐DETERMINED NEW ENTITY PROBABLY RELATED TO LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Get access WILLIAM B. REED, WILLIAM B. REED University of California, U.S.A., and Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ROBERT F. BERGERON, ROBERT F. BERGERON University of California, U.S.A., and Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DENNY TUFFANELLI, DENNY TUFFANELLI University of California, U.S.A., and Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar EDWARD WILSON JONES EDWARD WILSON JONES University of California, U.S.A., and Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 87, Issue 4, 1 October 1972, Pages 299–307, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb07414.x Published: 01 October 1972 Article history Accepted: 28 February 1972 Published: 01 October 1972
<i>TMPRSS2:ERG</i> Gene Fusion Predicts Subsequent Detection of Prostate Cancer in Patients With High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Kyung Park, James T. Dalton, Ramesh Narayanan, Christopher E. Barbieri, Michael L. Hancock, David G. Bostwick, Mitchell S. Steiner, Mark A. Rubin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is considered a precursor lesion of prostate cancer (PCa). The predictive value of ERG gene fusion in HGPIN for PCa was interrogated as a post hoc analysis in the context of a randomized clinical trial.The GTx Protocol G300104 randomly assigned 1,590 men with biopsy-diagnosed HGPIN to receive toremifene or placebo for 3 years or until a diagnosis of PCa was made on prostate biopsy. As part of this phase III clinical trial, a central pathologist evaluated biopsies of patients with isolated HGPIN at baseline and 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up. ERG immunohistochemistry was performed on biopsies from 461 patients and evaluated for protein overexpression.ERG expression was detected in 11.1% of patients (51 of 461 patients) with isolated HGPIN. In the first year and during the 3-year clinical trial, 14.7% and 36.9% of 461 patients were diagnosed with PCa, respectively. Patients with ERG expression were more likely to develop PCa, with 27 (53%) of 51 ERG-positive and 143 (35%) of 410 ERG-negative patients experiencing progression to PCa (P = .014, Fisher's exact test). ERG expression was not associated with age, baseline PSA, Gleason score, or tumor volume.This study underscores the necessity of more stringent follow-up for men with HGPIN that is also positive for ERG overexpression. Clinicians should consider molecular characterization of HGPIN as a means to improve risk stratification.
Evolution of glucagon genes.
Authors: L C Lopez, W H Li, M L Frazier, C C Luo, G F Saunders
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1984)

Statistical analyses of DNA sequences of the preproglucagon genes from bovine, human, hamster, and anglerfish suggest that a gene duplication creating two anglerfish genes (AF I and II) occurred about 160 Myr ago, long after the separation of fish and mammals. The analyses further suggest that the internal duplication producing the glucagon and glucagon-like peptide II (GLP-II) regions occurred about 1.2 billion years ago, which would indicate that the GLP-II region was present in the ancestral anglerfish sequence but was silenced or deleted before the gene duplication separating AF I and II. The glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-I) was derived from a duplication of the ancestral glucagon region about 800 Myr ago. The rate of synonymous substitution in these genes is approximately 4.3 x 10(-9) substitutions per year per synonymous site. The rate of nonsynonymous substitution in the signal peptide region is about 1.1 x 10(-9) substitutions per year per nonsynonymous site, a high rate comparable to that in the C-peptide region of preproinsulin. The rate of nonsynonymous substitution in the glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide (GRPP) region is 0.63 x 10(-9) for the comparisons between mammalian species and 1.8 x 10(-9) for the comparisons between fish and mammals; the moderate rate in mammals suggests a physiological role for GRPP. The glucagon region is extremely conservative; no nonsynonymous substitution is observed in the mammalian genes, and a nonsynonymous rate of 0.18 x 10(-9) was obtained from the comparisons between fish and mammals. In the GLP-I region, the rate of nonsynonymous substitution was estimated to be 0.08 x 10(-9) for the comparisons between mammalian species and 0.30 x 10(-9) for the comparisons between fish and mammals. In the GLP-II region, the rate was estimated to be 0.25 x 10(-9) for the comparisons between mammalian species. Thus, GLP-I and II are also very conservative, which suggests an important physiological role for these peptides.
Is blood the ideal submucosal cushioning agent? A comparative study in a porcine model
Authors: S. Giday, P. Magno, J. Buscaglia, M. Canto, C.-W. Ko, E. Shin, L. Xia, L. Wroblewski, J. Clarke, A. Kalloo, S. Jagannath, S. Kantsevoy
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Creation of a submucosal cushion before endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) significantly reduces perforation risk. We evaluated six solutions as cushioning agents in live pigs.5 ml of normal saline, normal saline plus epinephrine, albumin 12.5 %, albumin 25 %, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and the pig's own whole blood were endoscopically injected into the porcine esophageal submucosa. Blood was obtained from a peripheral vein immediately before injection. Injections were made every 4 cm from the gastroesophageal junction. The time from completion of the injection to disappearance of the cushion was recorded. Endoscopy was repeated at 48 hours post injection. Two EMRs were performed after blood injection. Statistical analysis employed one-way analysis of variance followed by pairwise T test comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.Five animal experiments were completed. The mean time to dissipation of the submucosal cushion was shortest for saline plus epinephrine sites (2.87 minutes, SD 2.21) followed by the saline (4.8 minutes, SD 1.56), albumin 12.5 % (5.68 minutes, SD 3.48), albumin 25 % (7.83 minutes, SD 2.02), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (9.77 minutes, SD 1.55), and blood sites (38.6 minutes, SD 6.07). Injection of blood resulted in significantly longer mucosal elevation than any other solution ( P < 0.0007). Blood from the cushion did not hamper visualization and facilitated EMR.Blood produces the most durable cushion compared with standard agents, also having the advantages of being readily available and without cost. Albumin 25 % provides as durable a cushion as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
Defective Mononuclear Phagocyte Function in Patients with Myelomonocytic Leukemia and in Some Patients with Lymphoma
Authors: Martin J. Cline
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Mononuclear phagocytes from 8 of 10 patients with myelomonocytic leukemia and 2 of 9 patients with lymphoma phagocytized several species of bacteria but did not inhibit intracellular bacterial replication normally. Intracellular organisms were protected from the lethal effects of antibiotics in the medium. This defect of microbicidal function of malignant monocytes may explain in part the frequency of infection and the mechanism of antibiotic-resistant infection in some patients with malignant myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative diseases.
Rampant Horizontal Transfer of SPIN Transposons in Squamate Reptiles
Authors: C. Gilbert, S. S. Hernandez, J. Flores-Benabib, E. N. Smith, C. Feschotte
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Transposable elements (TEs) are highly abundant in the genome and capable of mobility, two properties that make them particularly prone to transfer horizontally between organisms. Although the impact of horizontal transfer (HT) of TEs is well recognized in prokaryotes, the frequency of this phenomenon and its contribution to genome evolution in eukaryotes remain poorly appreciated. Here, we provide evidence that a DNA transposon called SPIN has colonized the genome of 17 species of reptiles representing nearly every major lineage of squamates, including 14 families of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. Slot blot analyses indicate that SPIN has amplified to high copy numbers in most of these species, ranging from 2,000–28,000 copies per haploid genome. In contrast, we could not detect the presence of SPIN in any of the turtles (seven species from seven families) and crocodiles (four species) examined. Genetic distances between SPIN sequences from species belonging to different squamate families are consistently very low (average = 0.1), considering the deep evolutionary divergence of the families investigated (most are >100 My diverged). Furthermore, these distances fall below interfamilial distances calculated for two genes known to have evolved under strong functional constraint in vertebrates (RAG1, average = 0.24 and C-mos, average = 0.27). These data, combined with phylogenetic analyses, indicate that the widespread distribution of SPIN among squamates is the result of at least 13 independent events of HTs. Molecular dating and paleobiogeographical data suggest that these transfers took place during the last 50 My on at least three different continents (North America, South America and, Africa). Together, these results triple the number of known SPIN transfer events among tetrapods, provide evidence for a previously hypothesized transoceanic movement of SPIN transposons during the Cenozoic, and further underscore the role of HT in the evolution of vertebrate genomes.
Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of the human liver in chronic pancreatitis.
Authors: R P Jalleh, J A Gilbertson, R C Williamson, C S Foster
Journal: Gut (1991)

Morphological and immunohistological appearances of liver biopsy specimens are described in a personal series of 52 patients undergoing operation for chronic pancreatitis. The findings are compared with those in a series of 10 histologically normal liver biopsy specimens from patients without pancreatitis. Alcohol was the prime aetiological agent in 40 of the 52 patients (77%). No obvious damage to hepatic parenchymal cells or biliary structures was observed but minor morphological changes of alcohol associated liver disease were seen in 42% of specimens. The most consistent finding, present in 48 specimens (92%), was a chronic inflammatory cell infiltration of portal tracts. In all but one case, T lymphocytes predominated, but a few B cells were present. In four biopsy specimens, T cells spilled over into adjacent hepatic parenchyma, but there was no evidence of T cell mediated cytotoxic damage to the parenchymal cells or biliary epithelium. It is suggested that these inflammatory cells are in transit from the pancreas through the liver via the portal circulation and may reflect the underlying pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis rather than alcoholic liver disease.
Effect of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis on Lung Function in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Richard Kraemer, Natascha Deloséa, Pietro Ballinari, Sabina Gallati, Reto Crameri
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

The relationship between sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus and progression of pulmonary function is not yet established in cystic fibrosis (CF).We aimed to evaluate onset of A. fumigatus sensitization and development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), as well as to determine the physiologic factors of lung function influencing these mechanisms in CF.Serial annual lung function tests performed in 122 children with CF (62 males; 60 females; age: 6-18 yr) provided data pertaining to FRC measured by plethysmography, lung clearance index, volume of trapped gas, effective specific airway resistance, and forced expiratory indices (FEV1, FEF at 50% VC). Specific IgE to recombinant A. fumigatus allergens, rAspf1 and rAspf3, served as marker for sensitization, and to rAspf4 and rAspf6 as indications for a serologic ABPA, were clinically diagnosed (Nelson criteria). By linear mixed-effect model analysis, five patient groups, (1) not sensitized and free from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (2) intermittently P. aeruginosa colonized, (3) chronically P. aeruginosa infected, (4) sensitized, and (5) with ABPA, were retrospectively evaluated.A. fumigatus sensitization was best reflected by increased rAspf1+3-specific IgE levels, whereas, in most patients, sensitization was preceded by P. aeruginosa infection. Patients with ABPA demonstrated the most severe progression in all lung function parameters, and FEF at 50% VC, volume of trapped gas, and effective specific airway resistance were the best predictors (p < 0.0001). However, regarding distinction between sensitization to A. fumigatus and development of ABPA in the course of CF, chronic P. aeruginosa infection has to be taken into account.Airway narrowing, gas trapping, and small airway disease are the major targets for functional derangement in ABPA.
Mitochondrial protein ATPase family, AAA domain containing 3A correlates with radioresistance in glioblastoma
Authors: W.-C. You, S.-H. Chiou, C.-Y. Huang, S.-F. Chiang, C.-L. Yang, J. N. Sudhakar, T.-Y. Lin, I.-P. Chiang, C.-C. Shen, W.-Y. Cheng, J.-C. Lin, S.-H. Shieh, K.-C. Chow
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

ATPase-family, AAA domain containing 3A (ATAD3A) is located on human chromosome 1p36.33, and high endogenous expression may associate with radio- and chemosensitivity. This study was conducted to investigate the significance of ATAD3A in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).Clinical significance of ATAD3A expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 67 GBM specimens, and prognostic value was assessed in 32 GBM patients statistically. To investigate in vitro phenotypic effects of ATAD3A, cell viability was measured using a clonogenic survival assay under either knockdown or ectopic expression of ATAD3A in GBM cell lines. The effects of ATAD3A knockdown on targeted DNA repair-associated proteins in T98G cells were evaluated using immunofluorescence and Western blotting.Clinically, high expression of ATAD3A was independent of O(6)-DNA methylguanine-methyltransferase methylation status and correlated with worse prognosis. In vitro, high ATAD3A-expressing T98G cells were more resistant to radiation-induced cell death compared with control and low endogenous ATAD3A U87MG cells. After silencing ATAD3A, T98G cells became more sensitive to radiation. On the other hand, enforced ATAD3A expression in U87MG cells exhibited increased radioresistance. ATAD3A may coordinate with aldo-keto reductase genes and participate in bioactivation or detoxication of temozolomide. Surprisingly, deficient DNA repair after irradiation was observed in T98G/ATAD3A knockdown as a result of decreased nuclear ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase and histones H2AX and H3, which was also evidenced by the sustained elevation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase prior to and after radiation treatment.Our data suggest that high expression of ATAD3A is an independent biomarker for radioresistance in GBM. ATAD3A could be a potential target for therapy.