tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Small airway abnormalities in elderly asthmatics with fixed airflow obstruction vs. COPD: High-resolution CT and pulmonary functions
Authors: Prapaporn Pornsuriyasak, Theerasuk Kawamatawong, Wasana Thaipisuttikul, Naparat Amornputtisathaporn, Pornpimol O-Charoen, Thitiporn Suwatanapongched
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background : Small airway dysfunction has been increasingly recognized in asthma and COPD. We aimed to compare the physiologic tests and high-resolution CT (HRCT) suggesting small airway abnormalities between elderly asthmatics with fixed airflow obstruction and COPD.   Methods : Twenty-five asthmatics and 22 COPD patients were prospectively examined. All underwent spirometry, body plethysmography, carbon-monoxide diffusion capacity (K co ), impulse oscillometry, and HRCT. The extent of air-trapping (AT) and emphysema and the degree of bronchial wall thickness (BWT) were visually scored from the six levels of paired expiratory/inspiratory HRCT and were correlated with pulmonary functions.   Results : The frequency of small airway abnormalities was not different (68% in asthmatics and 59% in COPD). Both groups had similar TLC (92±13% vs. 96±12%), RV (101±24% vs. 95±25%), and the degree of BWT. R 5  was higher in asthmatics than in COPD (5.5±2.0 vs.4.2±1.7 cmH 2 O.L -1 .s -1 , p=0.02), and R 20  (3.4±1.0 vs.2.6±0.7 cmH 2 O.L -1 .s -1 , p=0.001). Emphysema and bronchiectasis were significantly more frequent in COPD. Correlations of BWT, AT and emphysema with pulmonary functions were summarized.   Conclusion : Small airway abnormalities determined by physiologic tests and HRCT were similar in elderly asthmatics and COPD.
Basis for the Serine Requirement in Leukemic and Normal Human Leukocytes. Reduced Levels of the Enzymes in the Phosphorylated Pathway&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Pizer, Lewis I., Regan, James D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Basis for the Serine Requirement in Leukemic and Normal Human Leukocytes. Reduced Levels of the Enzymes in the Phosphorylated Pathway Get access Lewis I. Pizer, Lewis I. Pizer Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James D. Regan James D. Regan Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 1972, Pages 1897–1900, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.6.1897 Published: 01 June 1972 Article history Received: 14 March 1972 Accepted: 29 March 1972 Published: 01 June 1972
Micrometastasis Volume in Lymph Nodes Determines Disease Recurrence Rate of Stage II Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Trial
Authors: Hirofumi Yamamoto, Kohei Murata, Mutsumi Fukunaga, Tadashi Ohnishi, Shingo Noura, Yasuhiro Miyake, Takeshi Kato, Masahisa Ohtsuka, Yurika Nakamura, Ichiro Takemasa, Tsunekazu Mizushima, Masataka Ikeda, Masayuki Ohue, Mitsugu Sekimoto, Riichiro Nezu, Nariaki Matsuura, Morito Monden, Yuichiro Doki, Masaki Mori
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

We reported in a retrospective study that the presence of micrometastasis in lymph nodes, when assessed by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific RT-PCR, is a significant prognostic factor in stage II colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical value of micrometastasis in a prospective multicenter trial.From November 2001 to December 2005, a total of 419 colorectal cancer cases were preoperatively registered at a central data center. Of them, 315 node-negative stage II colorectal cancer cases were enrolled. After RNA quality check, 304 colorectal cancer cases were analyzed for CEA mRNA in lymph nodes by both conventional RT-PCR (a band method) and quantitative RT-PCR. Long-term prognosis of the patients was determined by each method.A positive band for CEA mRNA was detected in 73 (24.0%) of 304 patients. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was applied in 31 CEA band-positive cases with an oral 5-fluorouracil derivative HCFU (1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil) for 1 year, whereas chemotherapy was not administered to CEA band-negative group. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that a high micrometastasis volume (high MMV, n = 95) was an independent poor prognostic factor for 5-year disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.001) and 5-year overall survival (OS; P = 0.016).This prospective clinical trial demonstrates that micrometastasis volume is a useful marker in identifying patients who are at high or low risk for recurrence of stage II colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3201-8. ©2016 AACR.
Prospective study of a 10-gene molecular assay to predict tissue of origin in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP)
Authors: G. R. Varadhachary, D. Talantov, T. Jatkoe, A. Rashid, R. Lenzi, R. Chadha, J. Baden, Y. Wang, J. L. Abbruzzese, M. N. Raber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21096 Background: Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) where metastatic disease presents without an identifiable primary represents ∼ 3–5% of all cancers. Identifying the origin of the primary tumor in CUP pts can facilitate rational choice of therapeutic regimens. Veridex developed an optimized set of 10 gene markers for a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) assay, and demonstrated high accuracy in predicting the tissue of origin with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) metastatic carcinoma samples (J Mol Diagn 2006, 8: 320–9). In this study, the 10-gene assay was prospectively evaluated in CUP pts. Methods: We collected FFPE biopsy tissue specimens from consenting CUP pts at MD Anderson. Eligibile pts met our definition for CUP with adenocarcinoma or poorly differentiated carcinoma. Samples were obtained prior to treatment. 51 pts have been enrolled so far and 11 were ineligible [insufficient samples].Of the 40 pts, qRTPCR assay has been performed on 33 pts. Data on 27/33 is available. A statistical model was used to determine the probability that the metastatic carcinoma tissue assayed originated from 1 of the following 7 categories: lung, pancreas, colon, breast, prostate, ovarian, and other. Subsequently, prediction of the primary by qRTPCR was independently compared with metastatic pattern spread, tumor pathological features, and results of clinical and pathology diagnostic workups. Results: Assay results on 27 prospectively collected CUP patient biopsy specimens are available. In total, CUP tissue of origin prediction by the assay correlated with clinical and pathological assessment in 21 out of 27 evaluated pts (78 %). The most common cancer type predicted by the assay was colon cancer, which correlated with predominantly intra-abdominal metastatic spread in this pt cohort. Conclusions: This prospective study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting gene analysis to predict metastatic carcinoma tissue of origin in FFPE tissue specimens derived from CUP patients. Overall distribution of various primary cancer types as predicted by the assay was consistent with the historical distribution reported for CUP. Assay prediction was concordant with clinical and pathological assessment in 78 % CUP pts. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Chemotherapy for surgically resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Influence of lymph node status on treatment efficacy.
Authors: John Thomas Miura, Fabian McCartney Johnston, Susan Tsai, Ben George, James P. Thomas, Kathleen K. Christians, Kiran Turaga, Timothy M. Pawlik, T. Clark Gamblin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

353 Background: High rates of recurrence following surgery (S) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have prompted treatment strategies that incorporate chemotherapy (CT). However the benefit of CT remains poorly defined. The present study sought to determine the survival impact of CT for surgically resected ICC. Methods: Patients with non-metastatic ICC that underwent curative intent surgery (R0) were identified from the National Cancer Database (1998-2011) and stratified by receipt of CT. Log rank tests and cox proportional hazards models were used to examine overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 1,729 patients were identified (median age: 66 years, 53% female); 520 (30.1%) received CT. Patients receiving CT were younger (61 vs 66 years, p&lt;0.01), had larger tumors (&gt;5cm: 47 vs 40%, p&lt;0.01), and had a higher frequency of lymph node metastasis (23 vs 12%, p&lt;0.01). However, lymph node evaluation was not conducted in 30% (n=519) of the collective cohort. In the entire series, there was no difference in unadjusted median OS between patients receiving CT compared to S alone (30 vs 32 months, p=0.31). In multivariate models, advanced tumor stage and lymph node status (p&lt;0.05) were associated with shorter OS. When stratified by lymph node status, CT demonstrated a significant improvement in median OS among N1 patients (HR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.25-0.87; p=0.02). In contrast, patients with N0 disease derived no benefit from CT (HR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.65-1.39; p=0.80). Conclusions: The use of CT was associated with a survival benefit only for ICC patients with nodal metastasis. Assessment of lymph nodes at the time of surgical resection is critical when attempting to identify a subgroup of patients best suited for CT.
CPT-11 and mitomycin-C in heavily pre-treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A Belgian multicentre phase II study
Authors: M. Polus, M. Peeters, F. Baert, P. Vergauwe, H. Kalantari, K. Hendrickx, J. Collignon, P. Van Maele, L. Vandeputte, J. L. Van Laethem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3716 Background: Data on third-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer are lacking and the treatment is questionable. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CPT-11 combined with mitomycin-C in heavily pre-treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This association might have synergistic activity. Methods: Fourty nine patients (median age: 61; range: 42–79); WHO PS 0/1/2: n = 16/29/4) were included. All patients had metastatic disease with progression after two lines of chemotherapy (Folfiri 1st line followed by Folfox 2d line, n = 33, Folfox 1st line followed by Folfiri 2d line, n = 13, other regimen, n = 3). The investigational regimen consisted of CPT-11 150 mg/m2 as a 90 min infusion D1 and mitomycin-C 5 mg/m2 as bolus D1, q 2 weeks. Results: All patients received at least one cycle of chemotherapy (median: 5.5; range: 1–15); dose reduction or delay occured in respectively 8 (16%) and 14 (28%) patients. Fourty six patients were evaluable for response: PR = 3/46 (6.5%); SD = 18/46 (39%); PD = 25/46 (54%). Median survival is not yet reached. Grade 3/4 toxicities occured in 18/49 patients (37%), hematological toxicities in 11/49 (22%), non hematological toxicities in 9/49 (18%). Febrile neutropenia occured in 2 patients with one toxic death. Conclusions: CPT-11 and mitomycin-C seems to effectively stabilize disease progression in heavily pre-treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with a manageable safety profile. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for prostate-specific antigen (RT-PCR PSA) responses may predict time to progression (TTP) in hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients treated with chemotherapy
Authors: R. W. Ross, J. Manola, K. Hennessy, M. Galsky, H. Scher, E. Small, W. K. Kelly, P. Kantoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4515 Background: Circulating prostate cancer cells detected by RT-PCR PSA are an independent prognostic factor for survival in men with HRPC. It is unknown whether a change in RT-PCR PSA status with treatment has prognostic value. Methods: In a combined analysis of a Phase I trial of Epothilone B and a randomized Phase II trial of Epothilone B with or without estramustine, 104 patients with HRCaP had whole blood samples collected at baseline, then with each cycle of therapy. After RNA isolation, RT-PCR PSA was assessed. Proportional hazards models were used to relate RT-PCR response and PSA response with time to progression. Results: 13 patients were registered to the Phase I study and 91 to the Phase II study. 368 samples for RT-PCR PSA were received, of which 90.8% were evaluable. 100 patients had evaluable RT-PCR PSA, 38 of which were positive at first assessment. 60 patients had a PSA response. Baseline RT-PCR PSA status was significantly associated with TTP. 26 of 38 patients positive at first assessment had at least one follow-up RT-PCR PSA that was negative (“response”). In a univariate analysis, RT-PCR PSA response was not significantly associated with TTP, but when controlling for PSA response, RT-PCR PSA response provided independent prognostic information. Conclusions: These results provide further confirmation that baseline RT-PCR PSA is a statistically significant predictor of TTP in HRPC. Moreover, this is the first report to suggest that RT-PCR PSA response during chemotherapy treatment may predict TTP. Larger trials are needed to further explore this possibility. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Growth and Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Normal Cells and Cells Infected With Rous Sarcoma Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Colby, Clarence, Rubin, Harry
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Journal Article Growth and Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Normal Cells and Cells Infected With Rous Sarcoma Virus Get access Clarence Colby, Clarence Colby Department ot Molecular Biology and Virus Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harry Rubin Harry Rubin Department ot Molecular Biology and Virus Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 43, Issue 2, August 1969, Pages 437–444, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/43.2.437 Published: 01 August 1969 Article history Received: 10 March 1969 Accepted: 21 May 1969 Published: 01 August 1969
Postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation for gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma using epirubicin, cisplatin, and infusional (CI) 5-FU (ECF) before and after CI 5-FU and radiotherapy (CRT) compared with bolus 5-FU/LV before and after CRT: Intergroup trial CALGB 80101.
Authors: C. S. Fuchs, J. E. Tepper, D. Niedzwiecki, D. Hollis, H. J. Mamon, R. Swanson, D. G. Haller, T. Dragovich, S. R. Alberts, G. A. Bjarnason, C. G. Willett, P. C. Enzinger, R. M. Goldberg, A. P. Venook, R. J. Mayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

4003 Background: Following curative resection of gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma, INT-0116 demonstrated superior survival for pts who received postoperative bolus 5-FU and leucovorin (LV) before and after concomitant 5-FU and RT compared to surgery alone. We assessed whether a postoperative chemoRT regimen that replaces 5-FU/LV with a potentially more active systemic therapy (ECF) improves overall survival (OS). Methods: Patients with resected gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to either: Arm A: 1 cycle of 5-FU 425 mg/m2/day plus LV20 mg/m2/day for 5 days/month, followed by 45 Gy (1.8 Gy/day) and concurrent 5-FU (200 mg/m2/day CI throughout RT), followed by 2 cyclesof 5-FU/LV; or Arm B: 1 cycle of ECF (E 50 mg/m2 day 1, C 60 mg/m2 day 1, and 5-FU 200 mg/m2/day CI days 1-21) followed by 45 Gy (1.8 Gy/day) and concurrent 5-FU (200 mg/m2/day CI throughout RT), followed by 2 cycles of reduced dose of ECF (E 40 mg/m2 day 1, C 50 mg/m2 day 1, and 5-FU 200 mg/m2/day CI days 1-21). Results: Between 4/03 and 5/09, 546 pts were enrolled. There were no significant differences between arms with regard to age, sex, race, performance status, T or N stage or extent of lymphadenectomy. Treatment related deaths occurred in 8 (3%) pts on Arm A (5-FU/LV) and 1 (<1%) pt on Arm B (ECF). Grade 4 toxicity: 40%, Arm A v 26%, Arm B (p<0.001). Major toxicities (≥ gr. 3) included: neutropenia (53 v 48%), diarrhea (15 v 7%), and mucositis (15 v 7%) for Arms A and B, respectively. With 242 deaths reported, median OS was 37 months in Arm A and 38 months in Arm B (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.80-1.34; p=0.80). 3yr-OS was 50% in Arm A and 52% in Arm B. Median disease-free survival (DFS) was 30 months in Arm A and 28 months in Arm B (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79-1.27; p=0.99). 3yr-DFS was 46% in Arm A and 47% in Arm B. Conclusions: Following curative resection of gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma, postoperative chemoRT using ECF before and after 5-FU/RT does not improve survival when compared to bolus 5-FU/LV before and after 5-FU/RT.
Prognostic significance of CD15 expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL): The Stanford University experience.
Authors: L. S. Maeda, R. T. Hoppe, R. A. Warnke, Y. Natkunam, S. A. Rosenberg, S. J. Horning, R. Advani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e18521 Background: In cHL, Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells typically express CD30 and CD15 on immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Although CD30 expression is nearly universal, the frequency of CD15 expression is variable and the prognostic significance of its expression controversial. Some reports suggest lack of CD15 expression is a negative prognostic factor for freedom from progression (FFP) and overall survival (OS). The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of CD15 expression on RS cells in patients (pt) with cHL treated with the Stanford V regimen and correlate results with FFP and OS. Methods: Pts for whom IHC data at diagnosis were available were identified from theStanford HL database. Pt characteristics, therapy details, and outcome were reviewed and clinical attributes correlated with FFP and OS. Results: 133 pts diagnosed with cHL between 7/1996 and 11/2008 and met predefined criteria were identified. The median age was 32 years (range 18 to 73). Therapy consisted of Stanford V chemotherapy (SV) for 8 weeks (w) followed by involved field radiotherapy (RT) to 20 Gy (n=55) and 30 Gy (n=10) for stage I-IIA, SV for 12 w and 30-44 Gy RT to sites > 5 cm and macroscopic splenic disease (n=66) for bulky stage II or III-IV, or SV for 12 without RT (n=2). On IHC CD15 was positive in 105, negative in 26, and equivocal in 2 pts. Of the 23 pts who relapsed, 17 were positive, 5 negative, and 1 equivocal for CD15. The median time to relapse was 315 days (range 69 to 2573). At a median follow-up of 3.5y, the 5y FFP for CD15 negative pts was 71% versus (v) 82% for CD15 positive pts (p=0.9), with OS 93% v 98% respectively (p=0.2). There were no significant differences in outcome according to CD15 expression and stage of disease. Conclusions: Our retrospective data are consistent with other reports in the literature with regard to the frequency of CD15 negative (20%) cases of cHL. In our cohort, CD15 expression had no significant impact on FFP or OS. At this time, the prognostic significance of CD15 expression requires further study and should not be used for risk-stratification outside of clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Considerations for quality improvement in radiation oncology therapy for patients with uncomplicated painful bone metastases.
Authors: Anne M. Walling, Neil Wenger, Tania Betty Kaprealian, Patrick Kupelian, Susan Ann McCloskey, Christopher R. King, Phillip Beron, Michael L. Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

118 Background: Although American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) guidelines support single fraction radiation treatment for uncomplicated bone metastases, it is rarely used. Methods: We used modified RAND/UCLA appropriateness methodology to understand how radiation oncologists make decisions about single fraction treatment to inform quality improvement. We focused on uncomplicated bone metastases (defined by relevant RCT exclusion criteria) without prior irradiation, pathologic fracture, or spinal cord compression. Eight radiation oncologists with varying sub-specialties were provided ASTRO guidelines, a summary table of RCT’s and recent research on current practices. They rated the appropriateness of 8Gy Single Fraction treatment and 4 alternative regimens for clinical cases before and after a panel discussion that also included three palliative care physicians. Clinical cases varied by location of metastases (spine, humeral head, femur, rib), size of metastases, patient prognosis, travel distance to treatment site, and patient age. We report findings based on final median appropriateness ratings and qualitative evaluation of discussion. Results: Single fraction treatment (8Gy) was rated as the most appropriate treatment, regardless of other factors if prognosis was 6 months or less. However, participants noted that prognostic information is often not available at the point of care. Use of greater than 10 fractions was rated as inappropriate regardless of other factors. Older age and travel distance were factors that lead to favoring 8Gy single fraction treatment. There was less consensus concerning single fraction treatment and favoring of other treatment approaches for lesions located on the spine, especially large lesions, and for patients with oligometastases and a longer prognosis where goals may include local tumor control in addition to palliation. Conclusions: Improving specification and communication of prognostic information is an important quality improvement target to enhance the patient-centered nature of care for patients with painful bone metastases.
手术安全核查表——改进团队合作，降低意外，减少对患者的损伤
Authors: 李华彧, 吴问汉
Journal: BMJ (2009)

外科手术造成的死亡和并发症是一个全球性的公众健康问题。据世界卫生组织（WHO）估计，每年有约50万例与外科手术相关的死亡是可以避免的。2007年，英格兰与威尔士的国家患者安全机构的报告与学习系统记录了全年129419例与外科手术相关的事件。在美国，明尼苏达州（约占不到2％全美人口）在1年中（2007年10月至2008年10月）报告了21个手术部位错误的案例。而且，实际情况甚至可能更糟，因为大部分安全相关事件并没有被报告。