tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13665: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Are at Higher Risk of Early and Long-Term Mortality
Authors: Muhammad Shahreyar, Mahek Mirza, Robyn Shearer, Indrajit Choudhuri, Vikram Nangia, M. Eyman Mortada, Anwer Dhala, Imran Niazi, Atul Bhatia, Jasbir Sra, Arshad Jahangir
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Despite chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being recognized as a risk factor for mortality in the general population, the impact of COPD diagnosis on early (&amp;lt1 year) and long-term mortality (&amp;gt=3 years) in patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is inadequately studied. Methods: Consecutive patients from Jan 2010 to Dec 2013 who underwent an ICD placement were included and differences in overall mortality within 1 year and 3 years after ICD implant between COPD and non-COPD patients were determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Predictors of early and late mortality were determined using logistic regression. Results: Out of 3,464 patients (mean age 66.5 ± 13.3), 926 (26.7%) patients had a diagnosis of COPD. Overall mortality within 1 year after ICD implantation was 1.62 fold higher in patients with COPD (13% vs 8%: p&amp;lt0.001) and 1.54 fold higher at 3 years (34% vs 22%: p&amp;lt0.001) [Figure]. There was no significant age or gender difference between those with and without COPD. Patients with COPD were more likely to have history of myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea and left ventricle ejection fraction &amp;lt35%. On logistic regression analysis after correction for these baseline differences, COPD remained an independent predictor of early and late mortality [HR 1.40 (95% CI: 1.22 - 1.61; p-value &amp;lt0.0001)]. Other independent predictors of mortality were age &amp;gt65 years, history of heart failure, dialysis, atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: COPD is associated with both early and long-term mortality in patients receiving ICD implant for high risk of SCD. Whether a more aggressive management of COPD improves survival in this high-risk population needs to be further assessed for the benefit of this lifesaving but expensive therapy to be maximized.
The Chemotherapy of Schistosomiasis
Authors: S Archer
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1985)

Several major developments have occurred in the chemotherapy of schistoso­ miasis since Archer & Yarinsky reviewed the subject in 1972 (1). Perhaps the outstanding discovery has been the broad-spectrum, well-tolerated drug prazi­ quantel, which is rapidly becoming the drug of choice in the treatment of schistosomiasis. Two other new broad-spectrum, clinically effective drugs that have made their appearance in recent years are oltipraz and amoscanate. We have also made some progress in understanding the mode of action of some of the older antischistosomal drugs such as hycanthone, oxamniquine, niridazole, and metrifonate, but little is known about the mechanism of action of the newer drugs. In order to focus attention on this problem, the Steering Committee of the Scientific Working Group on Schistosomiasis sponsored a symposium in Geneva January 30-February 1, 1984 (2) that was devoted exclusively to the biochemistry and chemotherapy of this disease. Wherever possible, this chap­ ter devotes particular attention to the mode of action of clinically active agents and some of their relevant analogues.
Diabetes-related metabolic risk factors in internal migrant workers in China: a national surveillance study
Authors: Yufang Bi, Limin Wang, Yu Xu, Yong Jiang, Jiang He, Mei Zhang, Maigeng Zhou, Yichong Li, Min Xu, Jieli Lu, Tiange Wang, Lin Ding, Meng Dai, Di Zhang, Chung-Shiuan Chen, Shenghan Lai, Weiqing Wang, Linhong Wang, Guang Ning
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2015)
Western blood pressure guidelines may not be appropriate for Asian populations, experts say
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

European and North American blood pressure guidelines, issued last year, may not be appropriate for patients from some Asian populations, particularly elderly patients, an expert opinion published online in the journal Heart Asia has said.

The authors, a team of experts from Italy, said that high blood pressure was a key risk factor for stroke, but the link between the two was much stronger in some Asian populations than in European or North American people.1 

The prevalence of …
Role of Serum Procalcitonin in Identifying Young Febrile Infants With Invasive Bacterial Infections
Authors: Nathan Kuppermann, Prashant Mahajan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Mohs micrographic surgery for basal cell carcinoma: evaluation of the indication criteria and predictive factors for extensive subclinical spread
Authors: I. Hoorens, A. Batteauw, G. Van Maele, K. Lapiere, B. Boone, K. Ongenae
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

The incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is rising and BCC treatment has an important impact on healthcare budget. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has the highest 5‐year cure rate but is an expensive technique. To study the indication criteria for MMS, using a series of 1062 patients treated for facial BCCs between 1998 and 2011. The accuracy of the indication criteria was evaluated by comparing the characteristics of BCC requiring one vs. more than one round of MMS. Predictors for extensive subclinical spread (three or more rounds) were examined using the preoperative patient and all tumour characteristics. BCCs with a surface > 1 cm2 and aggressive histology (morphoeaform and micronodular), and a patient age > 80 years are strong predictors for two or more rounds of MMS being required. Extensive subclinical spread was present in recurrent tumours, morphoeaform BCC or BCC with mixed histology. We found that tumour size and aggressive histology are the strongest indication criteria for MMS. Recurrence and aggressive histology are predictors for extensive subclinical spread but not for two or more rounds of MMS. Evidence‐based indications for MMS are necessary to ensure cost‐effective management of BCC.
A Highly Selective SF3B1-Targeted Splicing Inhibitor Reduces Human CD34+ Cell Survival and Self-Renewal In Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Larissa Balaian, Leslie A Crews, Marianna Zipeto, Kulidjian Anna, Edward D. Ball, Michael D Burkart, Catriona HM Jamieson
Journal: Blood (2013)
Research is needed on the difficult‐to‐cure population of hepatitis C virus patients with disability
Authors: Viktor Chirikov, Fadia Shaya, C. Daniel Mullins, Susan dosReis, Eberechukwu Onukwugha, Charles Howell
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Dr. Mullins consults and received grants from Bayer. He consults for Bristol‐Myers Squibb and Genentech. Dr. Onukwugha consults for IMS and Astrazeneca. He received grants from Bayer and Takeda. Dr. Howell advises AbbVie and Gilead. He received grants from Shionogi. To the Editor: We read with interest the recent editorial discussing that even in the era of novel antiviral regimens, barriers will continue to persist to the safe and effective treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) for difficult‐to‐cure and difficult‐to‐treat patient populations.1 In this letter, we bring specific attention to the need for future research on the difficult‐to‐cure vulnerable population of disabled patients infected with HCV, who are eligible for Medicare because of Social Security Disability Insurance and represent almost three‐quarters of all Medicare patients diagnosed with HCV.2 Disabled HCV patients are an understudied population that faces numerous known, but most likely exacerbated, barriers to screening, linkage to care, quality of care, and treatment. For example, lack of proper dissemination channels for preventive care information and inadequate training for health care providers to communicate with a population with special needs represent hurdles for providing quality care for the disabled.3 This population suffers from diverse disabilities including blindness, deafness, mental retardation, and cerebral palsy, though how HCV management is conducted in patients with such impairments is rarely described in clinical trials or even real‐world studies. Furthermore, patients with disabilities are at a markedly higher risk of substance abuse, which in the context of national trends of an emerging HCV epidemic due to prescription opioid abuse4 puts them at an increased risk of HCV reinfection. Future research needs to better characterize and optimize the safety and effectiveness profile of interferon‐free regimens in a heterogeneous population such as patients with disabilities.1 For example, elevated rates of psychiatric and physical comorbidity as well as polypharmacy in this population put disabled HCV patients at risk of possible drug–drug interactions even while on interferon‐free therapy. Furthermore, although findings show that clearing the virus with interferon‐based therapy may reduce the incidence of some extrahepatic manifestations of HCV,5 in our work we have detected no effect of interferon therapy of ≥24 weeks at reducing metabolic and vascular risk over a follow‐up period of 2 years. This could likely be due to impaired effectiveness of interferon‐based therapy at achieving viral clearance in this vulnerable population.
Positron Emission Tomography Using [<sup>18</sup>F]-Fluorodeoxy-<scp>d</scp>-Glucose to Predict the Pathologic Response of Breast Cancer to Primary Chemotherapy
Authors: Ian C. Smith, Andrew E. Welch, Andrew W. Hutcheon, Iain D. Miller, Simon Payne, Felice Chilcott, Smruti Waikar, Teena Whitaker, Antoinne K. Ah-See, Oleg Eremin, Steven D. Heys, Fiona J. Gilbert, Peter F. Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To determine whether [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxy-d-glucose ([ 18 F]-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can predict the pathologic response of primary and metastatic breast cancer to chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with noninflammatory, large (&gt; 3 cm), or locally advanced breast cancers received eight doses of primary chemotherapy. Dynamic PET imaging was performed immediately before the first, second, and fifth doses and after the last dose of treatment. Primary tumors and involved axillary lymph nodes were identified, and the [ 18 F]-FDG uptake values were calculated (expressed as semiquantitative dose uptake ratio [DUR] and influx constant [K]). Pathologic response was determined after chemotherapy by evaluation of surgical resection specimens. RESULTS: Thirty-one primary breast lesions were identified. The mean pretreatment DUR values of the eight lesions that achieved a complete microscopic pathologic response were significantly (P = .037) higher than those from less responsive lesions. The mean reduction in DUR after the first pulse of chemotherapy was significantly greater in lesions that achieved a partial (P = .013), complete macroscopic (P = .003), or complete microscopic (P = .001) pathologic response. PET after a single pulse of chemotherapy was able to predict complete pathologic response with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 74%. Eleven patients had pathologic evidence of lymph node metastases. Mean pretreatment DUR values in the metastatic lesions that responded did not differ significantly from those that failed to respond (P = .076). However, mean pretreatment K values were significantly higher in ultimately responsive cancers (P = .037). The mean change in DUR and K after the first pulse of chemotherapy was significantly greater in responding lesions (DUR, P = .038; K, P = .012). CONCLUSION: [ 18 F]-FDG PET imaging of primary and metastatic breast cancer after a single pulse of chemotherapy may be of value in the prediction of pathologic treatment response.
Optimal Blood Pressure Levels in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Jonathan Tobis, Gregg C. Fonarow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Temporal Trends in Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy and Breast Reconstruction Associated With Changes in National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines
Authors: Lane L. Frasier, Sara Holden, Timothy Holden, Jessica R. Schumacher, Glen Leverson, Bethany Anderson, Caprice C. Greenberg, Heather B. Neuman
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Evolving data on the effectiveness of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) have led to changes in National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommendations, counseling clinicians to "strongly consider" PMRT for patients with breast cancer with tumors 5 cm or smaller and 1 to 3 positive nodes; however, anticipation of PMRT may lead to delay or omission of reconstruction, which can have cosmetic, quality-of-life, and complication implications for patients.
Regulation of Hemopoiesis by Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Their Products
Authors: K Dorshkind
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1990)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Adjuvant Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Versus Observation After Radiosurgery or Surgical Resection of One to Three Cerebral Metastases: Results of the EORTC 22952-26001 Study
Authors: Martin Kocher, Riccardo Soffietti, Ufuk Abacioglu, Salvador Villà, Francois Fauchon, Brigitta G. Baumert, Laura Fariselli, Tzahala Tzuk-Shina, Rolf-Dieter Kortmann, Christian Carrie, Mohamed Ben Hassel, Mauri Kouri, Egils Valeinis, Dirk van den Berge, Sandra Collette, Laurence Collette, Rolf-Peter Mueller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

This European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial assesses whether adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) increases the duration of functional independence after surgery or radiosurgery of brain metastases.Patients with one to three brain metastases of solid tumors (small-cell lung cancer excluded) with stable systemic disease or asymptomatic primary tumors and WHO performance status (PS) of 0 to 2 were treated with complete surgery or radiosurgery and randomly assigned to adjuvant WBRT (30 Gy in 10 fractions) or observation (OBS). The primary end point was time to WHO PS deterioration to more than 2.Of 359 patients, 199 underwent radiosurgery, and 160 underwent surgery. In the radiosurgery group, 100 patients were allocated to OBS, and 99 were allocated to WBRT. After surgery, 79 patients were allocated to OBS, and 81 were allocated to adjuvant WBRT. The median time to WHO PS more than 2 was 10.0 months (95% CI, 8.1 to 11.7 months) after OBS and 9.5 months (95% CI, 7.8 to 11.9 months) after WBRT (P = .71). Overall survival was similar in the WBRT and OBS arms (median, 10.9 v 10.7 months, respectively; P = .89). WBRT reduced the 2-year relapse rate both at initial sites (surgery: 59% to 27%, P < .001; radiosurgery: 31% to 19%, P = .040) and at new sites (surgery: 42% to 23%, P = .008; radiosurgery: 48% to 33%, P = .023). Salvage therapies were used more frequently after OBS than after WBRT. Intracranial progression caused death in 78 (44%) of 179 patients in the OBS arm and in 50 (28%) of 180 patients in the WBRT arm.After radiosurgery or surgery of a limited number of brain metastases, adjuvant WBRT reduces intracranial relapses and neurologic deaths but fails to improve the duration of functional independence and overall survival.
Optic Nerve Head and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Analysis
Authors: Shan C. Lin, Kuldev Singh, Henry D. Jampel, Elizabeth A. Hodapp, Scott D. Smith, Brian A. Francis, David K. Dueker, Robert D. Fechtner, John S. Samples, Joel S. Schuman, Don S. Minckler
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
Folic acid and the prevention of neural tube defects
Authors: J. Reggler
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Power of the state in attitudes to health has already expanded too much

EDITOR,--Nicholas J Wald and Carol Bower advocate the compulsory addition of folic acid to flour to prevent 1000 of the 1500 pregnancies in which the fetus has spina bifida that occur annually.1 Few cases of children with spina bifida being born would be prevented. Most cases are already discovered in utero and terminations occur in most cases, so the main financial saving would be that of fewer terminations being …
Hybridization and the Origin of Contagious Asexuality in<i>Daphnia pulex</i>
Authors: Sen Xu, Ken Spitze, Matthew S. Ackerman, Zhiqiang Ye, Lydia Bright, Nathan Keith, Craig E. Jackson, Joseph R. Shaw, Michael Lynch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Hybridization plays a potentially important role in the origin of obligate parthenogenesis (OP) in many organisms. However, it remains controversial whether hybridization directly triggers the transition from sexual reproduction to obligate asexuality or a hybrid genetic background enables asexual species to persist. Furthermore, we know little about the specific genetic elements from the divergent, yet still hybridizing lineages responsible for this transition and how these elements are further spread to create other OP lineages. In this study, we address these questions in Daphnia pulex, where cyclically parthenogenetic (CP) and OP lineages coexist. Ancestry estimates and whole-genome association mapping using 32 OP isolates suggest that a complex hybridization history between the parental species D. pulex and D. pulicaria is responsible for the introgression of a set of 647 D. pulicaria single nucleotide polymorphism alleles that show perfect association with OP. Crossing experiments using males of OP lineages and females of CP lineages strongly support a polygenic basis for OP. Single-sperm analyses show that although normal meiotic recombination occurs in the production of haploid sperm by males of OP lineages, a significant proportion of such sperm are polyploid, suggesting that the spread of asexual elements through these males (i.e., contagious asexuality) is much less efficient than previously envisioned. Although the current Daphnia genome annotation does not provide mechanistic insight into the nature of the asexuality-associated alleles, these alleles should be considered as candidates for future investigations on the genetic underpinnings of OP.
Inhibition of autophagy overcomes the nanotoxicity elicited by cadmium-based quantum dots
Authors: Jiajun Fan, Yun Sun, Shaofei Wang, Yubin Li, Xian Zeng, Zhonglian Cao, Ping Yang, Ping Song, Ziyu Wang, Zongshu Xian, Hongjian Gao, Qicheng Chen, Daxiang Cui, Dianwen Ju
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Fluorophore-NanoLuc BRET Reporters Enable Sensitive <i>In Vivo</i> Optical Imaging and Flow Cytometry for Monitoring Tumorigenesis
Authors: Franz X. Schaub, Md. Shamim Reza, Colin A. Flaveny, Weimin Li, Adele M. Musicant, Sany Hoxha, Min Guo, John L. Cleveland, Antonio L. Amelio
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Fluorescent proteins are widely used to study molecular and cellular events, yet this traditionally relies on delivery of excitation light, which can trigger autofluorescence, photoxicity, and photobleaching, impairing their use in vivo. Accordingly, chemiluminescent light sources such as those generated by luciferases have emerged, as they do not require excitation light. However, current luciferase reporters lack the brightness needed to visualize events in deep tissues. We report the creation of chimeric eGFP-NanoLuc (GpNLuc) and LSSmOrange-NanoLuc (OgNLuc) fusion reporter proteins coined LumiFluors, which combine the benefits of eGFP or LSSmOrange fluorescent proteins with the bright, glow-type bioluminescent light generated by an enhanced small luciferase subunit (NanoLuc) of the deep-sea shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris. The intramolecular bioluminescence resonance energy transfer that occurs between NanoLuc and the fused fluorophore generates the brightest bioluminescent signal known to date, including improved intensity, sensitivity, and durable spectral properties, thereby dramatically reducing image acquisition times and permitting highly sensitive in vivo imaging. Notably, the self-illuminating and bifunctional nature of these LumiFluor reporters enables greatly improved spatiotemporal monitoring of very small numbers of tumor cells via in vivo optical imaging and also allows the isolation and analyses of single cells by flow cytometry. Thus, LumiFluor reporters are inexpensive, robust, noninvasive tools that allow for markedly improved in vivo optical imaging of tumorigenic processes.
Goals of palliative cancer therapy.
Authors: F Porzsolt, I Tannock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

The major conclusions of the Workshop on Goals of Palliative Cancer Therapy are as follows: 1. The goals of any cancer therapy should be stated explicitly. 2. If the goal of treatment is palliation, this should be documented according to one of the established and validated methods for assessment of quality of life. Several validated methods are available, and although imperfect, have been shown to give reliable information. 3. The use of simple measures of quality of life (eg, symptom checklists, pain assessment cards) should become routine in oncology practice. The act of introducing such measures improves palliation. 4. Measures of cost-effectiveness should be used more widely in clinical decision making to ensure the appropriate deployment of resources. 5. There must be improved education of all health professionals with regard to the multiple methods for provision of palliative treatment to cancer patients and the assessment of palliation.
The C-Lectin Receptor Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor (DCIR) Mediates the Tolerogenic Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Pulmonary Inflammation
Authors: Amir Hossein Massoud, Aidan Ablona, Gabriel N. Kaufman, Ciro Piccirillo, Bruce D. Mazer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)