tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Segregation Analysis of Esophageal Cancer in 221 High-Risk Chinese Families
Authors: C. L. Carter, N. Hu, M. Wu, P.-Z. Lin, C. Murigande, G. E. Bonney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Segregation Analysis of Esophageal Cancer in 221 High-Risk Chinese Families Get access Christine Lee Carter, Christine Lee Carter * Cancer Prevention Studies Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute (NCI)Rockville, Md. * Correspondence to: Christine L. Carter, Ph.D., 1650 Research Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nan Hu, Nan Hu Cancer Prevention Studies Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control. NCI, and Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Min Wu, Min Wu Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesWashington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pei-Zhong Lin, Pei-Zhong Lin Department of Etiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesWashington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles Murigande, Charles Murigande Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Howard University Cancer CenterWashington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George E. Bonney George E. Bonney Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Howard University Cancer Center, and Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 10, 20 May 1992, Pages 771–776, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.10.771 Published: 20 May 1992 Article history Received: 14 May 1991 Revision received: 30 January 1992 Accepted: 03 February 1992 Published: 20 May 1992
Estrogen Therapy and Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Katherine M. Newton, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Susan R. Heckbert, Linn Abraham, David McCulloch, William Barlow
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the association between estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease risk among women with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A retrospective, case-cohort study was conducted among 6,017 women aged 45–80 years with type 2 diabetes from 1 January 1986 to 31 December 1992 at the Group Health Cooperative in Washington state. Cardiovascular outcomes, including nonfatal myocardial infarction (n = 215), coronary revascularization (n = 253), and cardiovascular deaths (n = 229), were ascertained through 31 December 1998. Use of estrogen and progestin was derived from automated pharmacy records and modeled as a time-dependent variable. Median follow-up was 6.8 years. Multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% CI were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models for case-cohort analyses. RESULTS—Current use of estrogen with (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22–0.85) or without (0.48, 0.30–0.78) progestin was associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular events compared with never having used estrogen. Risk of cardiovascular events associated with a first episode of estrogen use (with or without progestin) of &amp;lt;25 months’ duration (1.12, 0.49–2.54), first episode of use ≥25 months’ duration (0.32, 0.06–1.70), and current use that was not the first episode of use (0.42, 0.42–0.67) indicated that recent initiation was not associated with an increase or decrease in risk. CONCLUSIONS—These results show an association of estrogen therapy, with or without progestin, with decreased risk of cardiovascular events among women with type 2 diabetes. This association should be further investigated in large randomized, controlled trials.
The Challenge of Hyponatremia
Authors: Horacio J. Adrogué, Nicolaos E. Madias
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Treatment of hypotonic hyponatremia often challenges clinicians on many counts. Despite similar serum sodium concentrations, clinical manifestations can range from mild to life threatening. Some patients require active management, whereas others recover without intervention. Therapeutic measures frequently yield safe correction, yet the same measures can result in osmotic demyelination. To address this challenge, we present a practical approach to managing hyponatremia that centers on two elements: a diagnostic evaluation directed at the pathogenesis and putative causes of hyponatremia, the case-specific clinical and laboratory features, and the associated clinical risk; and a management plan tailored to the diagnostic findings that incorporates quantitative projections of fluid therapy and fluid losses on the patient's serum sodium, balances potential benefits and risks, and emphasizes vigilant monitoring. These principles should enable the clinician to formulate a management plan that addresses expeditiously three critical questions: Which of the determinants of the serum sodium are deranged and what is the underlying culprit? How urgent is the need for intervention? What specific therapy should be instituted and which are the associated pitfalls?
Renal Impairment Associated With Diabetes in the Elderly
Authors: Elise Wasén, Raimo Isoaho, Kari Mattila, Tero Vahlberg, Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä, Kerttu Irjala
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To characterize renal impairment associated with diabetes in older adults by serum markers of glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria tests. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study population consisted of 187 diabetic and 1,073 nondiabetic subjects (age range 64–100 years) participating in a cross-sectional, population-based survey in southwestern Finland. Renal function was estimated by serum cystatin C (Cys C), serum creatinine (Cr), and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and determinants of elevated levels were assessed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS—Diabetes, compared to hypertension, was a more powerful determinant of elevated Cys C and Cr levels in the very old (age ≥80 years), whereas the impact of hypertension was more pronounced in the younger group (age &amp;lt;80 years). The prevalence of microalbuminuria among diabetic subjects was 29.7%, and 15% had elevated Cr levels, whereas the prevalence of elevated Cys C levels varied considerably depending on whether adult or age-adjusted reference limits were used (64.7 vs. 21.4%). In 64.1% of diabetic subjects with elevated Cys C levels based on age-adjusted reference limits and in 48.2% of subjects with elevated Cr levels, microalbuminuria was absent. CONCLUSIONS—The impact of diabetes on renal impairment changes with increasing age. Serum markers of glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria identify renal impairment in different segments of the diabetic population, indicating that serum markers as well as microalbuminuria tests should be used in screening for nephropathy in diabetic older people. The appropriate reference limit for Cys C in geriatric clinical practice must be defined by further research.
Atherogenic Lipids and Lipoproteins Trigger CD36-TLR2-Dependent Apoptosis in Macrophages Undergoing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Tracie A. Seimon, Marissa J. Nadolski, Xianghai Liao, Jorge Magallon, Matthew Nguyen, Nicole T. Feric, Marlys L. Koschinsky, Richard Harkewicz, Joseph L. Witztum, Sotirios Tsimikas, Douglas Golenbock, Kathryn J. Moore, Ira Tabas
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
The Neural Circuits That Generate Tics in Tourette's Syndrome
Authors: Zhishun Wang, Tiago V. Maia, Rachel Marsh, Tiziano Colibazzi, Andrew Gerber, Bradley S. Peterson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

The purpose of this study was to examine neural activity and connectivity within cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits and to reveal circuit-based neural mechanisms that govern tic generation in Tourette's syndrome.Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 13 individuals with Tourette's syndrome and 21 healthy comparison subjects during spontaneous or simulated tics. Independent component analysis with hierarchical partner matching was used to isolate neural activity within functionally distinct regions of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. Granger causality was used to investigate causal interactions among these regions.The Tourette's syndrome group exhibited stronger neural activity and interregional causality than healthy comparison subjects throughout all portions of the motor pathway, including the sensorimotor cortex, putamen, pallidum, and substantia nigra. Activity in these areas correlated positively with the severity of tic symptoms. Activity within the Tourette's syndrome group was stronger during spontaneous tics than during voluntary tics in the somatosensory and posterior parietal cortices, putamen, and amygdala/hippocampus complex, suggesting that activity in these regions may represent features of the premonitory urges that generate spontaneous tic behaviors. In contrast, activity was weaker in the Tourette's syndrome group than in the healthy comparison group within portions of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits that exert top-down control over motor pathways (the caudate and anterior cingulate cortex), and progressively less activity in these regions accompanied more severe tic symptoms, suggesting that faulty activity in these circuits may result in their failure to control tic behaviors or the premonitory urges that generate them.Our findings, taken together, suggest that tics are caused by the combined effects of excessive activity in motor pathways and reduced activation in control portions of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits.
A multinational study of colonization with extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthcare personnel and family members of carrier patients hospitalized in rehabilitation centres
Authors: A. Adler, A. Baraniak, R. Izdebski, J. Fiett, A. Salvia, J.V. Samso, C. Lawrence, J. Solomon, M. Paul, Y. Lerman, Y. Schwartzberg, E. Mordechai, A. Rossini, J. Fierro, C. Lammens, S. Malhotra-Kumar, H. Goossens, W. Hryniewicz, C. Brun-Buisson, M. Gniadkowski, Y. Carmeli, None for MOSAR team
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Screening for lung cancer using low dose CT scanning: results of 2 year follow up
Authors: R MacRedmond
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Screening with low dose chest computed tomographic scanning (LDCCT) may improve survival by identifying early asymptomatic lung cancer. <b>Methods:</b> Four hundred and forty nine high risk subjects were screened with serial LDCCT scanning over 2 years. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was recommended for non-calcified nodules (NCNs) of &gt;10 mm diameter or demonstrating interval growth. <b>Results:</b> NCNs were identified in 111 subjects (24.7%), three of which were lung cancer. The overall prevalence (0.4%) and incidence (1.3%) rates of lung cancer detection were low. Three of the six lung cancers detected in the study were stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer; the remainder were unresectable central tumours. By contrast, eight subjects developed extrathoracic malignancy during the study period and other incidental pathology was noted in 221 subjects (49.2%). Smoking cessation rates at 19% were higher than in the general population, but 60.8% of subjects continued to smoke. <b>Conclusion:</b> LDCCT scanning is useful in detecting early peripheral non-small cell lung cancers but its usefulness as a screening tool is limited by low specificity and by poor sensitivity for central tumours.
Pharmacological manipulation of cell death: clinical applications in sight?
Authors: D. R. Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

This series of Reviews on cell death explores the creation of new therapies for correcting excessive or deficient cell death in human disease. Signal transduction pathways controlling cell death and the molecular core machinery responsible for cellular self-destruction have been elucidated with unprecedented celerity during the last decade, leading to the design of novel strategies for blocking pathological cell loss or for killing unwanted cells. Thus, an increasing number of compounds targeting a diverse range of apoptosis-related molecules are being explored at the preclinical and clinical levels. Beyond the agents that are already FDA approved, a range of molecules targeting apoptosis-regulatory transcription factors, regulators of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and inhibitors or activators of cell death–related proteases are under close scrutiny for drug development.
XBP1, Downstream of Blimp-1, Expands the Secretory Apparatus and Other Organelles, and Increases Protein Synthesis in Plasma Cell Differentiation
Authors: A.L Shaffer, Miriam Shapiro-Shelef, Neal N Iwakoshi, Ann-Hwee Lee, Shu-Bing Qian, Hong Zhao, Xin Yu, Liming Yang, Bruce K Tan, Andreas Rosenwald, Elaine M Hurt, Emmanuel Petroulakis, Nahum Sonenberg, Jonathan W Yewdell, Kathryn Calame, Laurie H Glimcher, Louis M Staudt
Journal: Immunity (2004)
An Address ON HAEMORRHOIDS: Delivered to the Rochdale Medical Society
Authors: E. S. Bishop
Journal: BMJ (1911)

DURING last year the subject of haemorrhoids excited some controversy in the columns of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, and was left, as I have always felt, in a very unsatisfactory state.Whilst we, the contributors to that discussion, each expressed our own views in a very decided manner, we gave little or no reason for the faith that was in us, and the divergence of opinion was very great quite sufficient to puzzle those who, perhaps, Su had not paid special attention to the subject.It might very well confuse younger operators, and lead to a vague impression that the choice of methods was a matter of no importance and depended chiefly upon personal fancy or the accident of the par- ticular school in which the operator was educated, whereas I hope to be able to show that the final decision should be based upon im- portant and easily demon- strated factors.In that discussion were to be found men of high surgical attainments and of undoubted authority in operative work, not merely expressing a pre- ference for the ligature or v y; ' clamp and cautery methods in the treatment of haemor-PECTINXTE -rhoids-methods which must LINE.i depend for their freedom from relapse upon the per- sonality of the operator and his own personal judgement, PERIN IAe°b ut declaring that the White-PR L, head operation-the only one P0RTioN which entirely removes the dilated and dilatable struc- tures, thus ensuring future immunity -was the worst possible operation, associated
Silent meniscal abnormalities in athletes: magnetic resonance imaging of asymptomatic competitive gymnasts
Authors: C N Ludman, D O Hough, T G Cooper, A Gottschalk
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) produces exceptionally detailed images of the intra-articular structures of the knee. Recognising the range of MRI appearances within a normal population is therefore necessary in order to avoid attributing a greater significance to these than is clinically justified. OBJECTIVE: To compare MRI appearances in asymptomatic gymnasts with those in a less active population in order to identify findings that may be seen in the absence of significant pathology and thereby aid the clinical management of this athletic group. METHODS: MR images were obtained from 24 knees of asymptomatic competitive American collegiate gymnasts aged 18-22. The menisci were evaluated according to established grading criteria, and compared with a group of controls matched for age and sex. RESULTS: Grade 3 intrameniscal signal abnormalities are considered to be highly correlated with meniscal tears. When compared with control group, the experimental group of gymnasts had a significantly different distribution (p&lt;0.001) of grade 3 intrameniscal signal changes, preferentially involving the lateral meniscus. The overall incidence of grade 3 changes (13%) in gymnasts was not, however, significantly different from the incidence in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: A knowledge of these MRI appearances is important when evaluating the lateral menisci within this group of athletes to prevent unnecessary treatment or intervention. This is particularly pertinent when the imaging findings do not closely correlate with the site of symptoms.
Linkage of chondroitin-sulfate to type I collagen scaffolds stimulates the bioactivity of seeded chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Job L.C van Susante, Jeroen Pieper, Pieter Buma, Toin H van Kuppevelt, Henk van Beuningen, Peter M van der Kraan, Jacques H Veerkamp, Wim B van den Berg, René P.H Veth
Journal: Biomaterials (2001)
Randomized Phase III Study of Gemcitabine Plus S-1, S-1 Alone, or Gemcitabine Alone in Patients With Locally Advanced and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer in Japan and Taiwan: GEST Study
Authors: Hideki Ueno, Tatsuya Ioka, Masafumi Ikeda, Shinichi Ohkawa, Hiroaki Yanagimoto, Narikazu Boku, Akira Fukutomi, Kazuya Sugimori, Hideo Baba, Kenji Yamao, Tomotaka Shimamura, Masayuki Sho, Masayuki Kitano, Ann-Lii Cheng, Kazuhiro Mizumoto, Jen-Shi Chen, Junji Furuse, Akihiro Funakoshi, Takashi Hatori, Taketo Yamaguchi, Shinichi Egawa, Atsushi Sato, Yasuo Ohashi, Takuji Okusaka, Masao Tanaka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose The present phase III study was designed to investigate the noninferiority of S-1 alone and superiority of gemcitabine plus S-1 compared with gemcitabine alone with respect to overall survival. Patients and Methods The participants were chemotherapy-naive patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to receive only gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m 2 on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle), only S-1 (80, 100, or 120 mg/d according to body-surface area on days 1 through 28 of a 42-day cycle), or gemcitabine plus S-1 (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8 plus S-1 60, 80, or 100 mg/d according to body-surface area on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle). Results In the total of 834 enrolled patients, median overall survival was 8.8 months in the gemcitabine group, 9.7 months in the S-1 group, and 10.1 months in the gemcitabine plus S-1 group. The noninferiority of S-1 to gemcitabine was demonstrated (hazard ratio, 0.96; 97.5% CI, 0.78 to 1.18; P &lt; .001 for noninferiority), whereas the superiority of gemcitabine plus S-1 was not (hazard ratio, 0.88; 97.5% CI, 0.71 to 1.08; P = .15). All treatments were generally well tolerated, although hematologic and GI toxicities were more severe in the gemcitabine plus S-1 group than in the gemcitabine group. Conclusion Monotherapy with S-1 demonstrated noninferiority to gemcitabine in overall survival with good tolerability and presents a convenient oral alternative for locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on prepyloric gastric ulcer: double blind comparative trial.
Authors: K Lauritsen, S J Rune, H R Wulff, J H Olsen, L S Laursen, T Havelund, L Astrup, F Bendtsen, J Linde, P Bytzer
Journal: Gut (1988)

We conducted a six week double blind randomised study of 176 patients with prepyloric gastric ulcer to determine whether the proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole 30 mg daily would accelerate healing and pain relief, as compared with cimetidine 1 g daily. At two, four, and six weeks after entry ulcers healed in a larger percentage of patients treated with omeprazole (54, 81, and 86%) than of those treated with cimetidine (39, 73, and 78%) (9intention to treat9 cohort; p less than 0.05 at two weeks). A higher proportion of patients on omeprazole became free of pain during the first week of treatment (p less than 0.05). No major clinical or biochemical side effects were noted. Omeprazole is an efficient treatment for patients with prepyloric gastric ulcers.
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa In Vitro</i>Phenotypes Distinguish Cystic Fibrosis Infection Stages and Outcomes
Authors: Nicole Mayer-Hamblett, Margaret Rosenfeld, Ronald L. Gibson, Bonnie W. Ramsey, Hemantha D. Kulasekara, George Z. Retsch-Bogart, Wayne Morgan, Daniel J. Wolter, Christopher E. Pope, Laura S. Houston, Bridget R. Kulasekara, Umer Khan, Jane L. Burns, Samuel I. Miller, Lucas R. Hoffman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Pseudomonas aeruginosa undergoes phenotypic changes during cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection. Although mucoidy is traditionally associated with transition to chronic infection, we hypothesized that additional in vitro phenotypes correlate with this transition and contribute to disease.Objectives: To characterize the relationships between in vitro P. aeruginosa phenotypes, infection stage, and clinical outcomes.Methods: A total of 649 children with CF and newly identified P. aeruginosa were followed for a median 5.4 years during which a total of 2,594 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected. Twenty-six in vitro bacterial phenotypes were assessed among the isolates, including measures of motility, exoproduct production, colony morphology, growth, and metabolism.Measurements and Main Results: P. aeruginosa phenotypes present at the time of culture were associated with both stage of infection (new onset, intermittent, or chronic) and the primary clinical outcome, occurrence of a pulmonary exacerbation (PE) in the subsequent 2 years. Two in vitro P. aeruginosa phenotypes best distinguished infection stages: pyoverdine production (31% of new-onset cultures, 48% of intermittent, 69% of chronic) and reduced protease production (31%, 39%, and 65%, respectively). The best P. aeruginosa phenotypic predictors of subsequent occurrence of a PE were mucoidy (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–2.57) and reduced twitching motility (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.84).Conclusions: In this large epidemiologic study of CF P. aeruginosa adaptation, P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited two in vitro phenotypes that best distinguished early and later infection stages. Among the many phenotypes tested, mucoidy and reduced twitching best predicted subsequent PE. These phenotypes indicate potentially useful prognostic markers of transition to chronic infection and advancing lung disease.
Renal corticomedullary metabolite gradients during graded arterial occlusion
Authors: F Parivar, P T Narasimhan, B Ross
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

In order to investigate the role of the outer medulla in acute ischemic renal failure (Epstein FH, Balaban RS, Ross BD: Redox state of cytochrome aa3 in isolated perfused rat kidney. Am J Physiol 1982;243: F356-F363), the distribution of ATP in the in vivo porcine kidney and its relationship to Na transport and to ischemia was examined by using localized 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Renal cortex (ATP) was higher than medulla. Reduction in Na transport produced by partial renal arterial occlusion ("hypofiltration"), resulted in a 13% increase in the ATP/Pi ratio of the whole kidney (from 2.61 +/- 0.26 to 2.96 +/- 0.27; P less than 0.03). This increase was accounted for by a statistically significant increase in (ATP) in the cortex, with medulla contributing to an insignificant extent. Further occlusion of the renal artery to reduce GFR to zero ("hypoperfusion") resulted in a 70% fall in ATP/Pi ratio. (ATP) was reduced most in the cortex, but pH fell equally in cortex and medulla. After release of arterial occlusion, cortical ATP recovered less completely than medulla ATP. Intracellular pH and Pi were restored in both cortex and medulla. It was concluded that cortex and medulla contribute equally to the pattern of disordered energy metabolism in acute renal failure. Sparing of ATP during hypofiltration may reflect the reduced energy requirements of active Na transport.