tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UK Lung Cancer RCT Pilot Screening Trial: baseline findings from the screening arm provide evidence for the potential implementation of lung cancer screening
Authors: J K Field, S W Duffy, D R Baldwin, D K Whynes, A Devaraj, K E Brain, T Eisen, J Gosney, B A Green, J A Holemans, T Kavanagh, K M Kerr, M Ledson, K J Lifford, F E McRonald, A Nair, R D Page, M K B Parmar, D M Rassl, R C Rintoul, N J Screaton, N J Wald, D Weller, P R Williamson, G Yadegarfar, D M Hansell
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Lung cancer screening using low-dose CT (LDCT) was shown to reduce lung cancer mortality by 20% in the National Lung Screening Trial. <h3>Methods</h3> The pilot UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) is a randomised controlled trial of LDCT screening for lung cancer versus usual care. A population-based questionnaire was used to identify high-risk individuals. CT screen-detected nodules were managed by a pre-specified protocol. Cost effectiveness was modelled with reference to the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial mortality reduction. <h3>Results</h3> 247 354 individuals aged 50–75 years were approached; 30.7% expressed an interest, 8729 (11.5%) were eligible and 4055 were randomised, 2028 into the CT arm (1994 underwent a CT). Forty-two participants (2.1%) had confirmed lung cancer, 34 (1.7%) at baseline and 8 (0.4%) at the 12-month scan. 28/42 (66.7%) had stage I disease, 36/42 (85.7%) had stage I or II disease. 35/42 (83.3%) had surgical resection. 536 subjects had nodules greater than 50 mm<sup>3</sup> or 5 mm diameter and 41/536 were found to have lung cancer. One further cancer was detected by follow-up of nodules between 15 and 50 mm<sup>3</sup> at 12 months. The baseline estimate for the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of once-only CT screening, under the UKLS protocol, was £8466 per quality adjusted life year gained (CI £5542 to £12 569). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The UKLS pilot trial demonstrated that it is possible to detect lung cancer at an early stage and deliver potentially curative treatment in over 80% of cases. Health economic analysis suggests that the intervention would be cost effective—this needs to be confirmed using data on observed lung cancer mortality reduction. <h3>Trial registration</h3> ISRCTN 78513845.
Infection and the Perils of B-cell Activation
Authors: Mel Greaves, Markus Müschen
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Abstract Summary: Recent studies have linked aberrant B-cell activation in the context of aberrant immune responses to infectious pathogens to malignant transformation and development of leukemia and lymphoma. A new study in this issue demonstrates that common infections can be drivers of clonal evolution of premalignant B-cell precursors toward childhood leukemia. Cancer Discov; 5(12); 1244–6. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Martín-Lorenzo et al., p. 1328.
Limited screening with versus without 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT for occult malignancy in unprovoked venous thromboembolism: an open-label randomised controlled trial
Authors: Philippe Robin, Pierre-Yves Le Roux, Benjamin Planquette, Sandrine Accassat, Pierre-Marie Roy, Francis Couturaud, Nadia Ghazzar, Nathalie Prevot-Bitot, Olivier Couturier, Aurélien Delluc, Olivier Sanchez, Bernard Tardy, Grégoire Le Gal, Pierre-Yves Salaun
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Forced midexpiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity is associated with long-term persistence of asthma and poor asthma outcomes
Authors: Valérie Siroux, Anne Boudier, Maïa Dolgopoloff, Sébastien Chanoine, Jean Bousquet, Frederic Gormand, Jocelyne Just, Nicole Le Moual, Rachel Nadif, Christophe Pison, Raphaëlle Varraso, Regis Matran, Isabelle Pin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
WITHDRAWN: Evaluation of dendrimer conjugate with glucuronylglucosyl-β-cyclodextrin for treatment of transthyretin-related familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy
Authors: Yoshihito Yamashita, Kazuya Fujisawa, Masamichi Inoue, Takayuki Anno, Taishi Higashi, Keiichi Motoyama, Hirofumi Jono, Yukio Ando, Hidetoshi Arima
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
Recent trends in psychotherapy
Authors: J Marmor
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The author briefly reviews and tentatively categorizes a number of psychotherapeutic techniques that have emerged in recent decades, particularly those which fall under the rubic of the human potential movement. He asks and endeavors to answer four major questions with regard to these therapies: 1) What is the meaning of their rise and popularity? 2) Do they help and, if so, how? 3) Do they present any dangers? 4) What relevance and meaning do they have for more conventional psychotherapists? He also briefly discusses some of the cognitive therapies and the common demoninators in all psychotherapies. The author closes with a plea for a flexible approach to psychotherapy.
Single monosomy as a relatively better survival factor in acute myeloid leukemia patients with monosomal karyotype
Authors: J E Jang, Y H Min, J Yoon, I Kim, J-H Lee, C W Jung, H-J Shin, W S Lee, J H Lee, D-S Hong, H-J Kim, H-J Kim, S Park, K-H Lee, J H Jang, J S Chung, S M Lee, J Park, S K Park, J-S Ahn, W-S Min, J-W Cheong
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Monosomal karyotype (MK) defined by either ⩾2 autosomal monosomies or single monosomy with at least one additional structural chromosomal abnormality is associated with a dismal prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It was detected in 174 of 3041 AML patients in South Korean Registry. A total of 119 patients who had received induction therapy were finally analyzed to evaluate the predictive factors for a positive prognosis. On multivariate analysis, single monosomy, the absence of abn(17p), ⩾10% of cells with normal metaphase and the achievement of a complete remission (CR) after induction therapy were significant factors for more favorable outcomes. Especially, single monosomy remained as a significantly independent prognostic factor for superior survival in both patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in CR and who did not. Allo-HSCT in CR improved overall survival significantly only in patients with a single monosomy. Our results suggest that MK-AML may be biologically different according to the karyotypic subtype and that allo-HSCT in CR should be strongly recommended to patients with a single monosomy. For other patients, more prudent treatment strategies should be examined. Furthermore, the biological mechanism by which a single monosomy influences survival should be investigated.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Association Between Surgical Indications, Operative Risk, and Clinical Outcome in Infective Endocarditis: A Prospective Study From the International Collaboration on Endocarditis”
Authors: Vivian H. Chu, Lawrence P. Park, Eugene Athan, Francois Delahaye, Tomas Freiberger, Cristiane Lamas, Jose M. Miro, Daniel W. Mudrick, Jacob Strahilevitz, Christophe Tribouilloy, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Juan M. Pericas, Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, Francisco Nacinovich, Hussien Rizk, Vladimir Krajinovic, Efthymia Giannitsioti, John P. Hurley, Margaret M. Hannan, Andrew Wang
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Low vitamin D is linked to faster cognitive decline in older adults
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A low vitamin D concentration is associated with a more rapid decline in cognitive function among older adults, concludes a multi-ethnic cohort study.1

The research, published in JAMA Neurology , also found that vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower among African American and Hispanic people than among white participants.

The US study enrolled 382 people with an average age of 75.5 years who had their cognitive function and vitamin D levels assessed at baseline and then annually for an average of 4.8 …
Clinical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for the MEK1/2 inhibitor pimasertib in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies
Authors: F Ravandi, A Pigneux, D J DeAngelo, E Raffoux, J Delaunay, X Thomas, T Kadia, H Kantarjian, J Scheuenpflug, C Zhao, W Guo, B D Smith
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling cascade plays a crucial regulatory role in normal cell functions such as proliferation, survival, differentiation, motility and angiogenesis.1 This pathway is among the most frequently activated in cancer.2 Sustained MAPK activation is important in a number of hematologic malignancies: in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), constitutive MAPK activation due to hyperexpression of ERK, activation of MEK, or downregulation of the ERK phosphatase, PAC1, is common3 and markedly elevated pERK levels have been identified in >80% of patients.4 Furthermore, K-Ras mutations that deregulate MEK/ERK/MAPK signaling appear to be integral to the growth of myeloproliferative neoplasms such as chronic and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemias, which can develop into AML. Ras mutations are common in secondary AML derived from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.5 Therefore, agents that target the activated MAPK pathway are of therapeutic interest in these malignancies.6
Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Pregabalin Versus Placebo in Conjunction With Palliative Radiotherapy for Cancer-Induced Bone Pain
Authors: Marie Fallon, Peter J. Hoskin, Lesley A. Colvin, Susan M. Fleetwood-Walker, Douglas Adamson, Anthony Byrne, Gordon D. Murray, Barry J.A. Laird
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) affects one third of patients with cancer. Radiotherapy remains the gold-standard treatment; however, laboratory and clinical work suggest that pregabalin may be useful in treating CIBP. The aim of this study was to examine pregabalin in patients with CIBP receiving radiotherapy. Patients and Methods A multicenter, double-blind randomized trial of pregabalin versus placebo was conducted. Eligible patients were age ≥ 18 years, had radiologically proven bone metastases, were scheduled to receive radiotherapy, and had pain scores ≥ 4 of 10 (on 0-to-10 numeric rating scale). Before radiotherapy, baseline assessments were completed, followed by random assignment. Doses of pregabalin and placebo were increased over 4 weeks. The primary end point was treatment response, defined as a reduction of ≥ 2 points in worst pain by week 4, accompanied by a stable or reduced opioid dose, compared with baseline. Secondary end points assessed average pain, interference of pain with activity, breakthrough pain, mood, quality of life, and adverse events. Results A total of 233 patients were randomly assigned: 117 to placebo and 116 to pregabalin. The most common cancers were prostate (n = 88; 38%), breast (n = 77; 33%), and lung (n = 42; 18%). In the pregabalin arm, 45 patients (38.8%) achieved the primary end point, compared with 47 (40.2%) in the placebo arm (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.81; P = .816). There were no statistically significant differences in average pain, pain interference, or quality of life between arms. There were differences in mood (P = .031) and breakthrough pain duration (P = .037) between arms. Outcomes were compared at 4 weeks. Conclusion Our findings do not support the role of pregabalin in patients with CIBP receiving radiotherapy. The role of pregabalin in CIBP with a clinical neuropathic pain component is unknown.
The Role of Macrolide Antibiotics in Increasing Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Yun-Jiu Cheng, Xiao-Ying Nie, Xu-Miao Chen, Xiao-Xiong Lin, Kai Tang, Wu-Tao Zeng, Wei-Yi Mei, Li-Juan Liu, Ming Long, Feng-Juan Yao, Jun Liu, Xin-Xue Liao, Zhi-Min Du, Yu-Gang Dong, Hong Ma, Hai-Peng Xiao, Su-Hua Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates—Concerns With Some Recommendations
Authors: Prakesh S. Shah, Amish Jain
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Osteomyelitis: A Review of Clinical Features, Therapeutic Considerations and Unusual Aspects
Authors: Francis A. Waldvogel, Gerald Medoff, Morton N. Swartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Osteomyelitis Associated with Vascular InsufficiencyThe special problems connected with the presentation, clinical course, prognosis and treatment of osteomyelitis associated with vascular insufficiency justified including these eases in a separate group. The individual eases in this group were so similar that we chose to extract the data from a representative sampling of 31 patients (16 males and 15 females). The patients were almost all diabetic, except for five who had severe atherosclerosis and one who had vasculitis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. Most of them were between 50 and 70 years of age. All the infections involved the toes or the . . .
Abstract 4326: Co-amplification of FGF receptors and ligands in FGFR inhibitor-sensitive cell lines
Authors: Katherine Bell, Dana Gaffney, Gabriela Martinez-Cardona, Jayaprakash Karkera, Suso Platero
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) play a key role during development and in adult function. FGFRs belong to a family of receptor tyrosine kinases which are single-pass transmembrane receptors with extracellular ligand binding domains and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Upon binding of the ligand the kinase domain activates intracellular signaling networks that coordinate cellular processes such as proliferation, growth, differentiation, migration and survival. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of 18 ligands which are able to bind and activate distinct FGFRs. Deregulated FGFR activity, through mutations or translocations, is often associated with oncogenic events. Overexpression of FGFR or FGF may lead to increased cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, migration or survival, thus making it an interesting target. In this study we optimized a TaqMan qRT-PCR-based approach to evaluate the copy number variation for several FGFRs (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4) and several FGF ligands (FGF1, FGF2, FGF3, FGF4, FGF10, FGF12, and FGF19) on a panel of 23 cell lines. The cell types covered a variety of diseases including bladder, breast, endometrial, gastric, kidney, liver, lymphoma, melanoma, sarcoma, small cell lung carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. These cell lines had been tested for sensitivity to the JNJ FGFR small molecule inhibitor JNJ42541707 which is a pan-FGFR inhibitor. We observed in the sensitive (IC50&amp;lt;100nm) and moderately sensitive (IC50 100 nM - 1000 nM) cell lines a co-amplification of FGF receptor and ligand. Two of the most sensitive cell lines to FGFR inhibitor treatments had the greatest amplification of FGFR2 with a copy number value greater than 100. This finding that co-amplification occurs in receptor and ligand offers a new potential biomarker for patients that may be sensitive to small molecule FGFR inhibitors. Citation Format: Katherine Bell, Dana Gaffney, Gabriela Martinez-Cardona, Jayaprakash Karkera, Suso Platero. Co-amplification of FGF receptors and ligands in FGFR inhibitor-sensitive cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4326. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4326
Generation of Potent Tumor-Specific CTLs from High-Dose IL-2 Activated naïve CD8 T Cells with Overcoming the Tumor-Derived Immune Suppression
Authors: Hong-Hanh Nguyen, Dong-hwan Kim, Hyun-Ju Lee, Sung-Hoon Jung, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Je-Jung Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang
Journal: Blood (2014)
Bone Marrow–derived Cells Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Ling Yan, Xinping Chen, Megha Talati, Bethany Womack Nunley, Santhi Gladson, Tom Blackwell, Joy Cogan, Eric Austin, Ferrin Wheeler, James Loyd, James West, Rizwan Hamid
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive lung disease of the pulmonary microvasculature. Studies suggest that bone marrow (BM)-derived circulating cells may play an important role in its pathogenesis.We used a genetic model of PAH, the Bmpr2 mutant mouse, to study the role of BM-derived circulating cells in its pathogenesis.Recipient mice, either Bmpr2(R899X) mutant or controls, were lethally irradiated and transplanted with either control or Bmpr2(R899X) BM cells. Donor cells were traced in female recipient mice by Y chromosome painting. Molecular and function insights were provided by expression and cytokine arrays combined with flow cytometry, colony-forming assays, and competitive transplant assays.We found that mutant BM cells caused PAH with remodeling and inflammation when transplanted into control mice, whereas control BM cells had a protective effect against the development of disease, when transplanted into mutant mice. Donor BM-derived cells were present in the lungs of recipient mice. Functional and molecular analysis identified mutant BM cell dysfunction suggestive of a PAH phenotype soon after activation of the transgene and long before the development of lung pathology.Our data show that BM cells played a key role in PAH pathogenesis and that the transplanted BM cells were able to drive the lung phenotype in a myeloablative transplant model. Furthermore, the specific cell types involved were derived from hematopoietic stem cells and exhibit dysfunction long before the development of lung pathology.
UCART19, an allogeneic “off-the-shelf” adoptive T-cell immunotherapy against CD19<sup>+</sup> B-cell leukemias.
Authors: Julianne Smith, Laurent Poirot, Brian Philip, Cecile Schiffer-Mannoui, Sophie Derniame, Hong Zhan, Sian Stafford, Stephan Reynier, Sylvain Arnould, Agnes Gouble, Waseem Qasim, Karl Peggs, Martin Pule, David Sourdive
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

3069 Background: Autologous T-cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target specific tumor antigens are of high potential in treating different kinds of cancer. However, they must be generated on a “per patient” basis, thereby limiting the population of patients that could benefit from this approach. Methods: We have developed a standardized platform for manufacturing T-cells from third-party healthy donors to generate allogeneic
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identifies Cells with Enhanced Stemness for Cellular Therapy
Authors: Madhusudhanan Sukumar, Jie Liu, Gautam U. Mehta, Shashank J. Patel, Rahul Roychoudhuri, Joseph G. Crompton, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Yun Ji, Peng Li, Zhiya Yu, Greg D. Whitehill, David Clever, Robert L. Eil, Douglas C. Palmer, Suman Mitra, Mahadev Rao, Keyvan Keyvanfar, David S. Schrump, Ena Wang, Francesco M. Marincola, Luca Gattinoni, Warren J. Leonard, Pawel Muranski, Toren Finkel, Nicholas P. Restifo
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Lung cancer incidence and ambient air pollution in China: a spatial age–period cohort study 1990–2009
Authors: Yuming Guo, Hongmei Zeng, Rongshou Zheng, Shanshan Li, Adrian G Barnett, Siwei Zhang, Xiaonong Zou, Rachel R Huxley, Wanqing Chen, Gail Williams
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Long-Distance Dispersal Shaped Patterns of Human Genetic Diversity in Eurasia
Authors: Isabel Alves, Miguel Arenas, Mathias Currat, Anna Sramkova Hanulova, Vitor C. Sousa, Nicolas Ray, Laurent Excoffier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Most previous attempts at reconstructing the past history of human populations did not explicitly take geography into account or considered very simple scenarios of migration and ignored environmental information. However, it is likely that the last glacial maximum (LGM) affected the demography and the range of many species, including our own. Moreover, long-distance dispersal (LDD) may have been an important component of human migrations, allowing fast colonization of new territories and preserving high levels of genetic diversity. Here, we use a high-quality microsatellite data set genotyped in 22 populations to estimate the posterior probabilities of several scenarios for the settlement of the Old World by modern humans. We considered models ranging from a simple spatial expansion to others including LDD and a LGM-induced range contraction, as well as Neolithic demographic expansions. We find that scenarios with LDD are much better supported by data than models without LDD. Nevertheless, we show evidence that LDD events to empty habitats were strongly prevented during the settlement of Eurasia. This unexpected absence of LDD ahead of the colonization wave front could have been caused by an Allee effect, either due to intrinsic causes such as an inbreeding depression built during the expansion or due to extrinsic causes such as direct competition with archaic humans. Overall, our results suggest only a relatively limited effect of the LGM contraction on current patterns of human diversity. This is in clear contrast with the major role of LDD migrations, which have potentially contributed to the intermingled genetic structure of Eurasian populations.
Large Study But Weak Test of Internal Validation: Comment on the Article by Solomon et al
Authors: Gary S. Collins, Yannick Le Manach
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

We read  with interest the study by Solomon and colleagues that used a large registry cohort to develop and internally validate a risk score to predict the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.  However, there are a number of issues we raise that question the potential usefulness of the risk score.
Photocleavable Hydrogels for Light‐Triggered siRNA Release
Authors: Cong Truc Huynh, Minh Khanh Nguyen, Gulen Yesilbag Tonga, Lionel Longé, Vincent M. Rotello, Eben Alsberg
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

A photocleavable hydrogel system for on-demand delivery of genetic material is reported. The release of short interfering RNAs can be triggered by the application of UV light without any loss in bioactivity. This approach provides a promising external stimulus-based nucleic acid delivery platform for applications in disease therapeutics and tissue regeneration.