tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cyclical antiidiotypic response to anti-hormone antibodies due to neutralization by autologous anti-antiidiotype antibodies that bind hormone.
Authors: P O Couraud, B Z Lü, A D Strosberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Antiidiotype antibodies were raised against anti-catecholamine ligand antibodies. The antiidiotype response was shown to be cyclical and to correspond to the production of antibodies that could bind to catecholamine beta-adrenergic receptors and stimulate adenylate cyclase. Disappearance of these antibodies from the serum could be correlated with the appearance of a catecholamine ligand-binding activity corresponding to the synthesis of autologous anti-antiidiotype antibodies directed against the induced antiidiotypic molecules. Comparison of the injected versus the induced anti-ligand antibodies reveals striking differences in affinities but similarities in the ability to bind to the antiidiotype antibodies and to the ligand-containing affinity gel. The results support the existence of a functional network of idiotype antiidiotype interactions involving external as well as internal antigens, antibodies, and possibly other types of molecules involved in recognition phenomena, such as hormone receptors.
Silicosis in a Himalayan village population: role of environmental dust.
Authors: T Norboo, P T Angchuk, M Yahya, S R Kamat, F D Pooley, B Corrin, I H Kerr, N Bruce, K P Ball
Journal: Thorax (1991)

The Himalayan villages of Chuchot Shamma and Stok were surveyed because silicosis had been suspected from the radiographs of some of the inhabitants. The villages are agricultural, and Chuchot is exposed to frequent dust storms. Chest radiographs of villagers aged 50-62 were assessed blind by two independent observers using ILO criteria. In Chuchot five of seven men and all of the nine women examined showed varying grades of silicosis, compared with three of 13 men and seven of 11 women in Stok, which lies 300 metres higher and is exposed to fewer dust storms. The difference in prevalence of silicosis between the two villages was significant, as was the differences between men and women. Three patients from the village adjoining Chuchot were later found to have radiological evidence of progressive massive fibrosis. A necropsy on a man in a neighbouring village in the Indus valley showed classical silicosis in a hilar lymph node. Chemical analysis of the inorganic dust in the lung showed that 54.4% was elemental silicon [corrected]. This was similar to the silicon [corrected] content of dust samples collected from houses in Chuchot, which included particles of respirable size. X-ray microanalysis showed that quartz formed 16-21% of the inorganic lung dust. This study suggests that silicosis is common among the older inhabitants of these Himalayan villages. The dust exposure is clearly environmental and not industrial. Further studies are needed to define the extent and severity of silicosis in this community and to examine possible preventive measures.
Quality of life in patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation
Authors: C. Dellborg, J. Olofson, B. Midgren, O. Caro, B-E. Skoogh, M. Sullivan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Measurements of health-related quality of life (HRQL) have not been reported in patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation (CAH) before starting home mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this study was to investigate quality of life in a population of such patients. Forty-four consecutive patients with CAH due to previous polio, scoliosis, healed pulmonary tuberculosis or neuromuscular disease answered a battery of condition specific and generic (Sickness Impact Profile, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Mood Adjective Check List) self-report questionnaires. Spirometry, arterial blood gases and overnight oxygen saturation were measured. Patients with untreated CAH had significantly impaired HRQL compared to historical data from a healthy reference population. Sleep-related problems were frequent. Age, underlying disease, and standard bicarbonate correlated significantly with HRQL measures, albeit with modest levels of explained variance (8–37%). Patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation due to neuromuscular or restrictive chest wall disorders had severely impaired health-related quality of life. Age, the underlying disease and severity of hypoventilation are each related to the health-related quality of life decrements. Health-related quality of life measurements add important information to traditional clinical observations.
The pattern of resting breathing in patients with upper airway obstruction
Authors: J Sanchis, JL Diez-Betoret, P Casan, J Milic-Emili
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

The flow-time curve of resting breathing was recorded in 14 patients (aged 36 +/- 16 yrs) with mild to moderate symptoms of upper airway obstruction (UawO) and compared to that of 28 matched, healthy controls (HC) in order to characterize the breathing pattern of such patients. The inspiratory time over total time (TI/Ttot) was higher in the patients (0.42; SD 0.04) than in HC (0.37; SD 0.04) (p less than 0.001), and tidal volume (VT) over TI was lower in patients (0.37; SD 0.07 l.s-1) than in HC (0.43; SD 0.09 l.s-1) (p less than 0.01). Inspiratory and expiratory peak flows at rest were also lower in the patients (p less than 0.001). In these, the mean to peak flow ratio of inspiration (0.74; SD 0.07) was higher than in HC (0.66; SD 0.04) (p less than 0.0005). This indicates a more rectangular wave of inspiration in the patients. All of these changes may be due to the increased inspiratory load. However, since the patients were breathing at rest with VT and flows far below their values on the maximal flow volume loop, the changes can also be interpreted as adaptive rather than imposed by absolute mechanical limitations.
Music: a new cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: M Noppen
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Most cases of primary spontaneous pneumothorax are thought to be caused by air leaks at so-called "emphysema-like changes" or in areas of pleural porosity at the surface of the lung. Environmental pressure swings may cause air leaks as a result of transpulmonary pressure changes across areas of trapped gas in the distal lung. This is the first report of music as a specific form of air pressure change causing pneumothorax (five episodes in four patients). While rupture of the interface between the alveolar space and pleural cavity in these patients may be linked to the mechanical effects of acute transpulmonary pressure differences caused by exposure to sound energy in association with some form of distal air trapping, we speculate that repetitive pressure changes in the high energy-low frequency range of the sound exposures is more likely to be responsible. Exposure to loud music should be included as a precipitating factor in the history of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.
VALUE OF RAMISECTION IN CASES OF SPASTIC WEAKNESS.
Authors: C.P. Symonds, A.S. Blundell Bankart, W.R. Bristow, R.C. Elmslie, E. Laming Evans, H.A.T. Fairbank, G. Perkins, W. Gordon Pugh, W.H. Trethowan, P. Jenner Verrall
Journal: The Lancet (1930)
The role of eosinophils in the pathobiology of Hodgkin's disease
Authors: A. Pinto, D. Aldinucci, A. Gloghini, A. Zagonel, M. Degan, V. Perin, M. Todesco, A. De Iuliis, S. Improta, C. Sacco, V. Gattei, H.-J. Gruss, A. Carbone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Women’s Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation
Authors: Noel Bairey Merz, Robert O. Bonow, George Sopko, Robert S. Balaban, Richard O. Cannon, David Gordon, Mary M. Hand, Sharonne N. Hayes, Jannet F. Lewis, Terry Long, Teri A. Manolio, Attilio Maseri, Elizabeth G. Nabel, Patrice Desvigne Nickens, Carl J. Pepine, Rita F. Redberg, Jacques E. Rossouw, Harry P. Selker, Leslee J. Shaw, David D. Waters
Journal: Circulation (2004)

T he WISE workshop was convened to review results from the Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study and other studies of ischemic heart disease to examine the nature and scope of gender differences in both chronic and acute cardiac ischemia, in terms of clinical manifestations, detection, and treatment.The purpose of the workshop was to provide recommendations to National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute that (1) address the need for improved diagnosis of ischemia and coronary artery disease (CAD) in women; (2) explore strategies for improved translation of promising research results into clinical practice; and (3) assess opportunities for effective educational strategies, including further refinement of the key messages for women with regard to risk factors and heart attack symptoms.
Time course and mechanism of oxidative stress and tissue damage in rat liver subjected to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion.
Authors: B González-Flecha, J C Cutrin, A Boveris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The time course of oxidative stress and tissue damage in zonal liver ischemia-reperfusion in rat liver in vivo was evaluated. After 180 min of ischemia, surface chemiluminescence decreased to zero, state 3 mitochondrial respiration decreased by 70-80%, and xanthine oxidase activity increased by 26% without change in the water content and in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. After reperfusion, marked increases in oxyradical production and tissue damage were detected. Mitochondrial oxygen uptake in state 3 and respiratory control as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the level of nonenzymatic antioxidants (evaluated by the hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence) were decreased. The severity of the post-reperfusion changes correlated with the time of ischemia. Morphologically, hepatocytes appeared swollen with zonal cord disarrangement which ranged from mild to severe for the tissue reperfused after 60-180 min of ischemia. Neutrophil infiltration was observed after 180 min of ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Mitochondria appear as the major source of hydrogen peroxide in control and in reperfused liver, as indicated by the almost complete inhibition of hydrogen peroxide production exerted by the uncoupler carbonylcyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone. Additionally, inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer by antimycin in liver slices reproduced the inhibition of state 3 mitochondrial respiration and the increase in hydrogen peroxide steady-state concentration found in reperfused liver. Increased rates of oxyradical production by inhibited mitochondria appear as the initial cause of oxidative stress and liver damage during early reperfusion in rat liver.
Computer-Aided Psychological Treatments: Evolving Issues
Authors: Isaac Marks, Kate Cavanagh
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2009)

Evidence is growing that several computer-aided psychotherapy (CP) systems can effectively improve a range of common mental health problems. Most clients find CP acceptable because of its convenience, confidentiality, and reduction of stigma. CP can be accessed in a clinic, but recently clients have used CP especially on the Internet at home, with brief support on a telephone helpline and/or by email. Brief and efficient screening and support greatly reduce attrition. CP's efficacy, and encouragement of its dissemination and implementation by some national funding bodies and governmental agencies, has led to its spread as a regular care option and is increasing access to psychological therapies in some countries. Transfer of this new approach from use in tight research studies to use as an integrated part of everyday care under widely varying conditions generates teething problems that are being managed in diverse ways across different centers. Anonymized Internet audit of CP outcomes facilitates effective care and clinical governance. This review examines the current state of the art as well as the science and broad applications of CP.
Transgenic expression of interleukin 7 restores T cell populations in nude mice.
Authors: B E Rich, P Leder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

The thymic lesion of the nude mouse causes a profound block in T cell development. The failure of most T cells to mature in nude mice is likely to reflect a requirement for signals elaborated in the normal thymus. Interleukin 7 (IL-7), a lymphokine that is normally expressed in the thymus and has been implicated in T cell maturation, might be central to this process. To test this possibility, we introduced a transgene directing lymphoid expression of IL-7 into nude mice and found that it substantially alleviates the block in T cell maturation caused by the thymic defect. IL-7 transgenic nude mice have increased numbers of peripheral cells expressing the T cell marker Thy-1, the T cell antigen receptor complex, and the co-receptors CD4 and CD8. The IL-7 transgene also restores T cell-specific proliferation and activation responses to the peripheral cells of transgene-rescued nude mice. Such findings point toward a fundamental role for IL-7 in the thymic maturation of T cells.
A Case of Congenital Osteopsathyrosis, with the Genealogical Tree of the Family
Authors: F. A. Henley
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Case IIA boy 5 years old was admitted on October 2, 1940, suffering from laryngeal diphtheria.He had been ill for six days at home, and had moderate dyspnoea with recession, a hoarse voice, marked stridor, and a croupy cough.The throat was con- gested, and old separating membrane was present on both tonsils.The cervical glands were enlarged and his general condition was very poor: temperature 99', pulse 120, respira- tions 24.A late faucial and laryngeal diphtheria was diagnosed, and ti0,000 units of diphtheria antitoxin was given intramus- 'cularlpy, the foot of his bed being raised on low blocks.Shortly after admission he had an attack of acute dyspnoea, followed by another an hour later.His general condition deteriorated rapidly, and marked recession, aphonia, and early cyanosis heralded the onset of acute respiratory obstruction.Tracheo- tomy was performed two hours after admission, and although his conditioh remained poor his distress was immediately re- lieved.An attempt was made to rem'ove the tube in fortyeight hours, but without success, and further intervention was postponed until the following day, when this was successfully accomplished.On the 6th, four days after admission, his tem- perature rose to 1010, the wound became inflamed, and mild
Phase I Trial of Capecitabine and Weekly Irinotecan in Combination With Radiotherapy for Neoadjuvant Therapy of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Bolko von Gerstenberg-Helldorf, Frederik Wenz, Ulrike Gnad, Uta Kraus-Tiefenbacher, Albrecht Müldner, Rüdiger Hehlmann, Stefan Post, Andreas Hochhaus, Frank Willeke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose To establish the feasibility and efficacy of capecitabine in combination with weekly irinotecan (CAPIRI) with concurrent pelvic radiotherapy (RT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Patients and Methods Nineteen patients with rectal cancer clinical stage T3-4, Nx received weekly irinotecan 50 mg/m 2 (days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29) and two doses of capecitabine (days 1 through 38; dose level [DL] I, 500 mg/m 2 bid; DL II, 625 mg/m 2 bid) according to phase I methodology. Three-dimensional conformal RT was given to a dose of 50.4 Gy (45 Gy + 5.4 Gy). Results On DL I, no dose-limiting toxicities occurred, whereas diarrhea grade 3 affected three of seven patients on DL II. Twelve patients were treated on DL I and received a median relative dose-intensity of 100% for both drugs. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in only one of these patients (asthenia grade 3). All patients underwent surgery and R0 resection was achieved in all patients. Pathologic complete remission was observed in four patients and another five patients had only microfoci of residual tumor. Conclusion Preoperative chemoradiotherapy with CAPIRI is feasible and well tolerated. The preliminary efficacy is good, and the tolerability is at least comparable with data for fluorouracil plus irinotecan chemoradiotherapy. Larger phase II trials of the CAPIRI-RT schedule clearly are warranted.
CD81 expressed on human thymocytes mediates integrin activation and interleukin 2-dependent proliferation.
Authors: S C Todd, S G Lipps, L Crisa, D R Salomon, C D Tsoukas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Lymphocyte recognition of antigen by the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) and coreceptor complexes rapidly alters the cell's adhesive properties facilitating high avidity cell-ligand interactions necessary for lymphocyte development and function. Here, we report the expression of CD81 (target of antiproliferative antigen [TAPA]-1) on human thymocytes and the physical association of CD81 with CD4 and CD8 T cell coreceptors. Antibody ligation of CD81 on thymocytes promotes the rapid induction of integrin-mediated cell-cell adhesion via lymphocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1). Cross-linking CD81 is also shown to be costimulatory with signaling through the TCR/CD3 complex inducing interleukin 2-dependent thymocyte proliferation. These data suggest that a CD81-mediated pathway in thymocytes is involved in the regulation of both cell adhesion and activation.
Treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy with levodopa
Authors: M. Lunzer, I. M. James, J. Weinman, S. Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1974)

Three of six patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy treated with levodopa showed a significant improvement. One patient was probably improved whilst the remaining two patients failed to show any benefit. Serial electroencephalography did not demonstrate significant changes. Treatment with levodopa was associated with an improvement in `speed-based9 tasks as assessed by computerized psychometry. A significant rise in cerebral oxygen consumption was found during levodopa therapy. Gastrointestinal side effects were dose limiting. It is concluded that a therapeutic trial of levodopa in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy is indicated when the response to conventional therapy has been poor.
Pulmonary vasoconstrictor overreactivity in borderline systemic hypertension
Authors: P. MORUZZI, P. SGANZERLA, M. D GUAZZI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Raised vascular pressure and resistance and vasoconstrictor overreactivity to adrenergic stimulation are hallmarks of the pulmonary circulation in sustained primary hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for these disorders. In 10 males with borderline systemic hypertension, pulmonary haemodynamic variables were similar to those of an age matched group of eight normotensive subjects. In normotension, arithmetic and cold pressor tests (sympathetic activators) caused slight vasodilatation and vasoconstriction, respectively. In hypertension both tests showed an obvious vasoconstrictor effect. Restriction of blood flow through the lungs by distension of a balloon in the inferior vena cava is known to increase pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity in normal man. As a result of this manoeuvre, pulmonary pressure fell in the normotensive controls without variation in pulmonary vascular resistance, whereas in the hypertensive group there was an increase in resistance and the pressure did not change. In normotensive subjects with caval balloon, the sympathetic activating stimuli both became constrictor and caused vascular resistance to rise to the levels attained in the hypertensive patients during adrenergic stimulation in the absence of obstruction to venous return. In the hypertensives, these stimuli were not able to enhance the pulmonary vascular resistance further. This shows that in these patients maximal vasoconstriction was already achieved through the simple restraint of blood flow with vena caval obstruction. We suggest that in the early phases of systemic hypertension lung vessels are hypercontractile so that they overreact to hypoperfusion or to sympathetic stimulation, even before there is a stable rise in pressure and resistance.
Genome‐Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Naive CD4+ T Cells From Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Nezam Altorok, Patrick Coit, Travis Hughes, Kristi A. Koelsch, Donald U. Stone, Astrid Rasmussen, Lida Radfar, R. Hal Scofield, Kathy L. Sivils, A. Darise Farris, Amr H. Sawalha
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease with incompletely understood etiology. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of epigenetic dysregulation in the pathogenesis of primary SS.A genome-wide DNA methylation study was performed in naive CD4+ T cells from 11 patients with primary SS compared to age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Cytosine methylation was quantified using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array, and the data were validated using bisulfite sequencing.Genome-wide analyses identified 553 hypomethylated CpG sites and 200 hypermethylated CpG sites in naive CD4+ T cells from patients with primary SS as compared to healthy controls, representing 311 hypomethylated and 115 hypermethylated gene regions. The hypomethylated genes in patients with primary SS included LTA (encoding lymphotoxin α). Other relevant genes, such as CD247, TNFRSF25, PTPRC, GSTM1, and PDCD1, were also hypomethylated. The interferon signature pathway was represented by hypomethylation of STAT1, IFI44L, USP18, and IFITM1. A group of genes encoding members of the solute carrier proteins were differentially methylated. In addition, the transcription factor gene RUNX1 was hypermethylated in patients with primary SS, suggesting a possible connection to lymphoma predisposition. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of hypomethylated genes demonstrated enrichment of genes involved in lymphocyte activation and immune response. GO terms for hypermethylated genes included antigen processing and presentation.This is the first epigenome-wide DNA methylation study in patients with primary SS. These findings highlight a role for DNA methylation in primary SS and identify disease-associated DNA methylation changes in several genes and pathways in naive CD4+ T cells from patients with primary SS that may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.