tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD133 is a positive marker for a distinct class of primitive human cord blood-derived CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: M Takahashi, Y Matsuoka, K Sumide, R Nakatsuka, T Fujioka, H Kohno, Y Sasaki, K Matsui, H Asano, K Kaneko, Y Sonoda
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

The identification of human CD34-negative (CD34−) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provides a new concept for the hierarchy in the human HSC compartment. Previous studies demonstrated that CD34− severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) are a distinct class of primitive HSCs in comparison to the well-characterized CD34+CD38− SRCs. However, the purification level of rare CD34− SRCs in 18 lineage marker-negative (Lin−) CD34− cells (1/1000) is still very low compared with that of CD34+CD38− SRCs (1/40). As in the mouse, it will be necessary to identify useful positive markers for a high degree of purification of rare human CD34− SRCs. Using 18Lin−CD34− cells, we analyzed the expression of candidate positive markers by flow cytometric analysis. We finally identified CD133 as a reliable positive marker of human CB-derived CD34− SRCs and succeeded in highly purifying primitive human CD34− HSCs. The limiting dilution analysis demonstrated that the incidence of CD34− SRCs in 18Lin−CD34−CD133+ cells was 1/142, which is the highest level of purification of these unique CD34− HSCs to date. Furthermore, CD133 expression clearly segregated the SRC activities of 18Lin−CD34− cells, as well as 18Lin−CD34+ cells, in their positive fractions, indicating its functional significance as a common cell surface maker to isolate effectively both CD34+ and CD34− SRCs.
CD14/Toll-like receptors interact with bacteria and regulatory T-cells in the development of childhood asthma
Authors: E. M. M. Klaassen, K. D. G. van de Kant, M. Soeteman, J. Damoiseaux, G. van Eys, E. E. Stobberingh, F. F. Stelma, M. Quaak, O. C. P. van Schayck, Q. Jobsis, E. Dompeling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

cortisol levels.This hormone is released during stress reactions, and a relationship between elevated cortisol levels and increased risks of asthma, chronic bronchitis and neurodermitis, which in turn increase with increasing traffic volume [9], has been shown.
Computer-assisted Analysis Helps Detect Inner Dynein Arm Abnormalities
Authors: Estelle Escudier, Michel Couprie, Bénédicte Duriez, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Marie-Claude Millepied, Virginie Prulière-Escabasse, Laurent Labatte, André Coste
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia is based on demonstration of ciliary defects, mainly concerning dynein arms. Whereas the absence of outer dynein arms can be easily distinguished, the absence of inner dynein arms is difficult to confirm because of their low contrast on electron microscopy. Ciliary ultrastructure was studied in 40 patients suffering from respiratory tract infections. Conventional transmission electron microscopy showed normal cilia in 6 patients, confirmed a diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia in 26 patients, and was inconclusive in 8 patients. All doubtful cases were related to inner dynein arm determination. Conventional electron microscopic analysis was able to define the ultrastructural phenotype of inner dynein arms in 40.5% of cases (6 presence of inner dynein arms, 13 absence of inner dynein arms). We developed computer-assisted analysis of electron microscopic micrographs to improve inner dynein arm visualization. Computer-assisted analysis consisted of image transformations designed to enhance the signal/noise ratio, based on the symmetry of ciliary axonemes. The sensitivity and specificity of computer-assisted analysis were 100 and 98%, respectively. The efficiency of computer-assisted analysis to visualize inner dynein arms, evaluated in the patients with undetermined phenotype after electron microscopy, was 86% (three normal cilia, seven primary ciliary dyskinesia with absence of outer dynein arms, three primary ciliary dyskinesia with absence of inner dynein arms, five partial absence of inner dynein arms). Computer-assisted analysis of ciliary micrographs improves the characterization of inherited axonemal defects.
Comparison of exhaled and nasal nitric oxide and exhaled carbon monoxide levels in bronchiectatic patients with and without primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: I Horvath
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is associated with chronic airway inflammation resulting in bronchiectasis. <b>Methods:</b> The levels of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), carbon monoxide (eCO) and nasal NO (nNO) from bronchiectatic patients with PCD (n=14) were compared with those from patients with non-PCD bronchiectasis without (n=31) and with cystic fibrosis (CF) (n=20) and from normal subjects (n=37) to assess the clinical usefulness of these measurements in discriminating between PCD and other causes of bronchiectasis. <b>Results:</b> Exhaled NO levels were lower in patients with PCD than in patients with non-PCD non-CF bronchiectasis or healthy subjects (median (range) 2.1 (1.3–3.5) ppb <i>v</i> 8.7 (4.5–26.0) ppb, p&lt;0.001; 6.7 (2.6–11.9) ppb, p&lt;0.001, respectively) but not lower than bronchiectatic patients with CF (3.0 (1.5–7.5) ppb, p&gt;0.05). Nasal levels of nNO were significantly lower in PCD patients than in any other subjects (PCD: 54.5 (5.0–269) ppb, non-PCD bronchiectasis without CF: 680 (310–1000) ppb, non-PCD bronchiectasis with CF: 343 (30–997) ppb, control: 663 (322–1343) ppb). In contrast, eCO levels were higher in all patient groups than in control subjects (PCD: 4.5 (3.0–24.0) ppm, p&lt;0.01, other bronchiectasis without CF: 5.0 (3.0–15.0) ppm, p&lt;0.001; CF: 5.3 (2.0–23.0) ppm, p&lt;0.001 <i>v</i> 3.0 (0.5–5.0) ppm). Low values in both eNO and nNO readings (&lt;2.4 ppb and &lt;187 ppb, respectively) identified PCD patients from other bronchiectatic patients with a specificity of 98% and a positive predictive value of 92%. <b>Conclusion:</b> The simultaneous measurement of eNO and nNO is a useful screening tool for PCD.
Pretreatment with FK506 Improves Survival Rate and Gas Exchange in Canine Model of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: TADATSURA KOSHIKA, AKITOSHI ISHIZAKA, ITSUO NAGATOMI, YUJI SUDO, NAOKI HASEGAWA, TOSHIO GOTO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The novel effects of FK506 on shock induced by lipopolysaccharide and phorbol myristate acetate (LPS/PMA) were studied using beagles. Five groups were studied: endotoxin shock control group (both 0.5 mg/kg of LPS and 30 microg/kg of PMA, n = 6); methylprednisolone-treated endotoxin shock group (n = 5); FK506-treated endotoxin shock groups in which intravenous infusions of FK506 at 2.5 microg/kg/h (low dose, n = 5), 8 microg/kg/h (medium dose, n = 5), and 25 microg/kg/h (high dose, n = 5) were administered. In the control group, the survival rate was 33%. Also, arterial hypoxemia, systemic hypotension, and marked increases in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) were observed. FK506 treatment at both medium and high doses significantly attenuated these LPS/PMA-induced physiological changes, and the survival rates were 80 and 100%, respectively. On the other hand, in the methylprednisolone group, no obvious effects were observed. The present study suggests that FK506 could have prophylactic potential against acute lung injury in endotoxin shock.
Pooling in Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance
Authors: Julian M. Stewart
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Orthostatic intolerance is characterized by postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) with exaggerated tachycardia, orthostatic symptoms, and “pooling” (which comprises acrocyanosis and dependent edema when upright). My colleagues and I tested the hypothesis that pooling results from increased venous compliance in POTS patients. Methods and Results — Fifteen patients aged 13 to 19 years were compared with 11 healthy, age-matched controls. The POTS group was divided into patients with high venous pressure (P v &gt;20 mm Hg) and normal P v on the basis of resting supine P v obtained in previous work. Subjects were studied using strain gauge plethysmography to measure blood flow, P v , and the venous compliance volume-pressure relation while supine and during incremental head-up tilt testing at −10°, 0°, 20°, and 35°. Volume-pressure relations of controls and POTS patients with normal P v and high P v were not different and were unchanged by orthostasis. Supine leg peripheral resistance was greater than control resistance in patients with high P v (54±9 versus 30±6 mm Hg · mL −1 · 100 mL −1 · min −1 ) and less than control resistance in patients with normal P v (17±2 mm Hg · mL −1 · 100 mL −1 · min −1 ). On upright tilt, resistance decreased in high P v to approximate resistance in normal P v . Resistance in controls increased throughout tilt. Leg P v increased in patients with normal P v and in controls but remained unchanged in the high P v group. Conclusions — The findings suggest that pooling in POTS is due to blunted arterial vasoconstriction, which produces passive redistribution of blood within peripheral venous capacitance beds. Venous compliance in POTS is similar to that in control subjects.
Breastfeeding and intelligence
Authors: Peter Wright, IanJ Deary, C Macarthur, E.G Knox, K.J Simons, A.M Houghton, Alan Lucas, T.J Cole, R.D Rice, MichaelA Crawford, K Costeloe, B Laurance, A Leaf, M.J Leighfield, PatrickF James
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Expression of ErbB receptors and mucins in the airways of long term current smokers
Authors: R A O'Donnell
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Airway epithelial goblet cell hyperplasia is known to occur in chronic smokers. Although the epidermal growth factor receptor has been implicated in this process, neither ErbB receptor expression nor the mucosecretory phenotype of the epithelium have been characterised in current smokers.Bronchial biopsies obtained from non-smokers (n = 10) and current smokers, with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 51), were examined immunohistochemically to measure the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 and mucin subtypes (MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B) in the bronchial epithelium. The results were correlated with neutrophil counts measured in the airway wall and induced sputum.Epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB3 and MUC5AC expression, in addition to PAS staining, were significantly increased in all smokers compared with non-smokers, irrespective of the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MUC5AC expression was significantly associated with both PAS staining and ErbB3 expression; no correlation was observed between either mucin or ErbB receptor expression and neutrophil counts.The results suggest that long term current smoking induces enhanced epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB3, and MUC5AC expression in vivo; these increases are not associated with the presence of neutrophilic inflammation. ErbB receptors may contribute to epithelial responses to cigarette smoke.
<i>CHEK2</i> Mutation and Hereditary Breast Cancer
Authors: Natalia Bogdanova, Sergei Feshchenko, Cezary Cybulski, Thilo Dörk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

.01). Three of 13 Byelorussian patients reported a ﬁrst-degreefamily history, and one patient had bilateral disease. In the secondstudy from Germany, the deletion was detected in ﬁve of 990 Germanbreast cancer patients (0.5%) and in one of 1,014 female controlindividuals(0.1%;oddsratio,5.1;95%CI,0.6to44.1;
Error Correction, Sensory Prediction, and Adaptation in Motor Control
Authors: Reza Shadmehr, Maurice A. Smith, John W. Krakauer
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2010)

Motor control is the study of how organisms make accurate goal-directed movements. Here we consider two problems that the motor system must solve in order to achieve such control. The first problem is that sensory feedback is noisy and delayed, which can make movements inaccurate and unstable. The second problem is that the relationship between a motor command and the movement it produces is variable, as the body and the environment can both change. A solution is to build adaptive internal models of the body and the world. The predictions of these internal models, called forward models because they transform motor commands into sensory consequences, can be used to both produce a lifetime of calibrated movements, and to improve the ability of the sensory system to estimate the state of the body and the world around it. Forward models are only useful if they produce unbiased predictions. Evidence shows that forward models remain calibrated through motor adaptation: learning driven by sensory prediction errors.
Comparison of clinical features of severe persistent asthma and refractory asthma
Authors: Etsuko Tagaya, Masanobu Ishii, Saori Kirishi, Kazuo Isono, Kiyoshi Takeyama, Mitsuko Kondo, Jun Tamaoki
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: Severe persistent asthma represents 5-10% of the asthmatic population, and ‘refractory asthma’ defined by the ATS workshop is a more severe disease that responds very poorly to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids.  Objective: To determine the differences in clinical characteristics between severe persistent asthma and refractory asthma.  Methods: Of 356 patients with asthma in our outpatient clinic, 14 patients fulfilled the diagnostic ATS criteria for refractory asthma (group A) and 43 patients met the GINA guideline criteria for severe persistent asthma (group B). We compared the two groups in terms of age, sex, atopic factors, pulmonary function, airway inflammation and complications. To evaluate airway mucus production, concentrations of sputum MUC5AC and MUC5B were measured. Airway mucociliary transport function was examined by measuring nasal clearance time. Patients’ symptoms and their impact associated with sputum were scored according to the modified cough and sputum assessment questionnaire (CASA-Q).  Results: Magnitude of airflow limitation was similar, but post-bronchodilator FEV1 and reversibility of FEV1 were significantly less in group A than in group B. Complication with atopy was less and that with chronic sinusitis was more frequent in group A. There were no differences between two groups in terms of eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation, but sputum mucin contents were higher and nasal clearance time was shorter in group A.  Conclusion: Compared with severe persistent asthma, irreversible airway obstruction, complication with sinusitis, increased mucus secretion, and impaired airway mucociliary clearance are unique characteristics of ‘refractory asthma’.
Prevalence of <i>Candida glabrata</i> and Its Response to Boric Acid Vaginal Suppositories in Comparison With Oral Fluconazole in Patients With Diabetes and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Debarti Ray, Ravinder Goswami, Uma Banerjee, Vatsla Dadhwal, Deepti Goswami, Piyali Mandal, Vishnubhatla Sreenivas, Narayana Kochupillai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—A large proportion of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in diabetes is due to non–albicans Candida species such as C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. Observational studies indicate that diabetic patients with C. glabrata VVC respond poorly to azole drugs. We evaluated the response to oral fluconazole and boric acid vaginal suppositories in diabetic patients with VVC. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 112 consecutive diabetic patients with VVC were block randomized to receive either single-dose oral 150-mg fluconazole or boric acid vaginal suppositories (600 mg/day for 14 days). The primary efficacy outcome was the mycological cure in patients with C. glabrata VVC in the two treatment arms. The secondary outcomes were the mycological cure in C. albicans VVC, overall mycological cure irrespective of the type of Candida species, frequencies of yeast on direct microscopy, and clinical symptoms and signs of VVC on the 15th day of treatment. Intention-to-treat (ITT; n = 111) and per-protocol (PP; n = 99) analyses were performed. RESULTS—C. glabrata was isolated in 68 (61.3%) and C. albicans in 32 (28.8%) of 111 subjects. Patients with C. glabrata VVC showed higher mycological cure with boric acid compared with fluconazole in the ITT (21 of 33, 63.6% vs. 10 of 35, 28.6%; P = 0.01) and PP analyses (21 of 29, 72.4% vs. 10 of 30, 33.3%; P = 0.01). The secondary efficacy outcomes were not significantly different in the two treatment arms in the ITT and PP analyses. CONCLUSIONS—Diabetic women with C. glabrata VVC show higher mycological cure with boric acid vaginal suppositories given for 14 days in comparison with single-dose oral 150-mg fluconazole.
Tidal Volume Reduction in Patients with Acute Lung Injury When Plateau Pressures Are Not High
Authors: David N. Hager, Jerry A. Krishnan, Douglas L. Hayden, Roy G. Brower
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Use of a volume- and pressure-limited mechanical ventilation strategy improves clinical outcomes of patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, the extent to which tidal volumes and inspiratory airway pressures should be reduced to optimize clinical outcomes is a controversial topic. This article addresses the question, "Is there a safe upper limit to inspiratory plateau pressure in patients with ALI/ARDS?" We reviewed data from animal models with and without preexisting lung injury, studies of normal human respiratory system mechanics, and the results of five clinical trials of lung-protective mechanical ventilation strategies. We also present an original analysis of data from the largest of the five clinical trials. The available data from each of these assessments do not support the commonly held view that inspiratory plateau pressures of 30 to 35 cm H2O are safe. We could not identify a safe upper limit for plateau pressures in patients with ALI/ARDS.
Mitochondrial DNA Injury and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Madhumathi Rao, Lijun Li, Caren Demello, Daqing Guo, Bertrand L. Jaber, Brian J.G. Pereira, Vaidyanathapuram S. Balakrishnan
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

The role of mitochondrial injury in the pathogenesis of complications of uremia is incompletely defined, although diminished bioenergetic capacity and the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been reported. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of mtDNA injury in 180 patients who had ESRD and were enrolled into the baseline phase of the HEMO study and to relate these markers to all-cause mortality. The mitochondrial injury markers studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were the mtDNA copy number per cell, measured by quantitative PCR, and the presence of the mtDNA(4977) mutation. After frequency-matching healthy control subjects for age, mtDNA copy number was lower among older dialysis patients compared with older healthy subjects (P = 0.01). A one-log increase in mtDNA copy number was independently associated with a decreased hazard for mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.46 to 0.89). The mtDNA(4977) deletion was present in 48 (31%) patients and was independently associated with a decreased hazard for mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.33; 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.56). In summary, the mtDNA(4977) seems to predict survival in ESRD, but a reduced mitochondrial copy number seems to predict a poor outcome. Although further exploration of these associations is needed, evaluation of mitochondrial DNA copy number and somatic mtDNA mutations may provide simple genomic biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes among patients with ESRD.
Contribution of Respiratory Disease to Nonrespiratory Mortality Associations with Air Pollution
Authors: Samantha F. De Leon, George D. Thurston, Kazuhiko Ito
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Many time series studies have found that individuals with primary cardiac conditions were susceptible to the adverse effects associated with increased ambient particle levels. However, the mechanism(s) of these associations is not yet understood. In this study, we evaluate whether individuals with nonrespiratory primary causes of death who also had contributing respiratory causes listed on their death certificates were more affected by air pollution, as compared with those not having contributing respiratory conditions. Short-term associations between ambient particulate matter (10 microm or less in aerodynamic diameter) and mortality were modeled in New York City for the years 1985-1994. It was observed that among those 75 years or more, those with contributing respiratory disease had higher relative risks (95% confidence intervals) calculated per interquartile range, as compared with those without contributing respiratory disease for both circulatory deaths (relative risk = 1.066 [1.027-1.106] versus 1.022 [1.008-1.035]) and cancer deaths (relative risk = 1.129 [1.041-1.225] versus 1.025 [1.000-1.050]). However, this pattern of association was not observed for those who were less than 75 years old. The results of this study suggest that past studies may have underestimated the role of respiratory disease in pollution-mortality associations, especially among older adults.
Urinary levels of type II collagen C-telopeptide crosslink are unrelated to joint space narrowing in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: S A Mazzuca
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To determine whether urinary concentrations of the cross linked C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTx-II) distinguish subjects with progressive radiographic or symptomatic knee osteoarthritis from those with stable disease.
Restriction-Site Heteroplasmy in Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) Indicates Incidental Biparental Inheritance of Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Antonios Magoulas, Eleftherios Zouros
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1993)

Presence in the same individual of two highly diverged types of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) implies either that the two types accumulated mutational differences while coexisting in the same female lineage or that two independently diverged lineages anastomosed through biparental transmission.Cleavage-site mtDNA analysis in anchovies revealed 3 heteroplasmic individuals among 435 examined.All three contained the same two types of molecules that differed at 7 cleavage sites in a total of 26 surveyed by seven restriction endonucleases.Estimates of the time of heteroplasmy persistence in other species are much shorter than the time needed for this level of divergence.No heteroplasmic individuals were found for mtDNA molecules differing by fewer cleavage sites.This also argues against the hypothesis of gradual divergence in a single lineage, as it would imply selective removal of much more frequently occurring lower-level heteroplasmies.The two types of molecules found in heteroplasmy were the most common in the population, as expected from the hypothesis of paternal leakage.We conclude that the heteroplasmy that we have observed resulted from biparental mtDNA inheritance in anchovies.