tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) clinical research as reported in the ASCO Proceedings from 1996- 2006
Authors: K. A. David, A. Rademaker, M. Agulnik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6089 Background: The results of clinical research can be seen through the review of ASCO Proceedings abstracts. We aimed to identify treatment trends in HNSCC as reported at the ASCO annual meetings from 1996 to 2006 and to see if an improvement in patient survival occurred. Methods: All abstracts in the head and neck section of ASCO Proceedings from 1996 to 2006 were reviewed. Abstracts on locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic HNSCC were further explored. Descriptive summary information was recorded regarding number of authors, randomization, trial phase, presence of novel drug or combination therapies, timing of chemotherapy, and disease-free and overall survival. Results: From 1996 to 2006, there were a total of 1,043 Head and Neck Cancer abstracts. Out of 311 phase 2 and 3 abstracts, 207 were presented. Of these, 78 were presented in the first half of the study period (1996–2000) compared to 129 in the second half (2001–2006). The average number of authors over the 10-year period was 12.7. Randomized controlled study proportions fluctuated, ranging from 11.8% in 2005 to 47.1% in 2001. 60% of studies focused on locally advanced disease; 32% on metastatic or recurrent disease, and 7% on both. Induction chemotherapy accounted for 31% of presented abstracts, while only 4% presented adjuvant data. The majority of abstracts used concurrent chemoradiotherapy (57%); 36% studied drug therapy alone. Abstracts presenting new therapies or new therapy combinations decreased (75% in 1996 vs. 61% in 2006). 12 studies (6% of presented studies) showed a statistically significant survival benefit, with 9/12 presented since 2001. All 12 were of patients with locally advanced disease, with the majority (7/12) showing the survival benefit of radiation administered with chemotherapy or cetuximab. Two trials showed the survival benefit of induction docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (TPF) compared to PF. Conclusions: Since 1996, the number of presented clinical trials of HNSCC has increased. Overall survival benefits have been shown in Phase III trials in locally advanced disease. The major therapeutic advance over the last decade has been the overall survival gain with the use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced HNSCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Resistence to cytotoxic therapy: A speculative overview
Authors: H D Preisler
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1995)

While most recent studies have focused on the MDR1 gene and other similar types of multidrug resistance, two other phenomena (inhibition of the apoptotic pathway and regrowth resistance) have the potential for producing a much broader type of resistance to cytotoxic therapy. This speculative review discusses the potential contribution of these types of resistance and the possible interrelationships between the various types of resistance to cytotoxic therapy. The need for new approaches to assess the effects of biological agents is discussed.
Category-specific deficits and exemplar models
Authors: Koen Lamberts
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Although Humphreys &amp; Forde's HIT provides a comprehensive account of category-specific deficits, standard models of categorization and identification may also be able to explain many aspects of such deficits. The assumptions of an exemplar-based account of category- specific deficits are presented, and it is argued that exemplar models may be able to explain key findings on impaired object identification and categorization.
Cancer risk notification: psychosocial and ethical implications.
Authors: C Lerman, B K Rimer, P F Engstrom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Basic and medical science investigations have identified a growing number of risk factors important in carcinogenesis. By communicating cancer risk information in medical practice, we have the potential to motivate high-risk individuals to adhere to cancer prevention and surveillance protocols. However, cancer screening and risk notification might have adverse psychologic and social consequences as well. In this review, we address the psychosocial and ethical implications of cancer risk notification. The literature on the psychosocial impact of cancer screening programs and programs for notifying workers exposed to occupational carcinogens is reviewed critically. In addition, we examine new concerns and responsibilities raised by the emerging field of cancer genetics. Suggestions for future research and for patient education are addressed.
Cardiac Irregularities
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Centre West Spanish population
Authors: R. Salazar, J. J. Cruz, E. Sanchez-Valdivieso, E. Fonseca, C. A. Rodriguez, A. Gomez, G. Martin, P. Sanchez, E. Del Barco, R. Gonzalez-Sarmiento
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9572 Background: Inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes predispose to breast and ovarian cancer. The proportion of high risk breast and breast/ovarian cancer families carrying BRCA1/2 germline mutations as well as the mutational spectra are variable and strongly dependant on the population and the types of families analyzed. Methods: DNA from 100 individuals with family history of breast/ovarian cancer was obtained and then analyzed by PCR, conformational sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) and automated sequencing techniques. Results: We detected a total of 10 pathogenic mutations (5 for BRCA1 and 5 for BRCA2), 63 missense mutations (28 in BRCA1 and 35 in BRCA2) and 43 polymorphisms. The pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 were two deletions, 589delCT, 2031delG; one nonsense mutation in two unrelated families, C1806T (Q563X) and one missense mutation C5242A (A1708E). The pathogenic mutations in BRCA2 were two deletion, 8873delACCA and 3036delACAA in three unrelated families and one nonsense mutation C2604A (Y792X). 8873delACCA and Y792X mutations have not been previously described and Q563X mutation has not been previously described in Spanish population. The missense mutation H1284R in BRCA1 and H150R, D244N, W395G, K1057R, I2840V in BRCA2 and the polymorphism I785I and T2542T in BRCA2 have not been reported previously. Conclusions: Some variants of the genes appear to be unique to the population studied. The 3036delACAA mutation in BRCA2 gene is the most common in our studied population, the same as in Spanish population. The occurrence in Latin America of founder mutations that originated in Spain will be useful in establishing a cost-effective mutational analysis in such populations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Clinical Models and Algorithms for the Prediction of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Amy K. Hutchinson, Michele Melia, Michael B. Yang, Deborah K. VanderVeen, Lorri B. Wilson, Scott R. Lambert
Journal: Ophthalmology (2016)

To assess the accuracy with which available retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) predictive models detect clinically significant ROP and to what extent and at what risk these models allow for the reduction of screening examinations for ROP.A literature search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases was conducted last on May 1, 2015, and yielded 305 citations. After screening the abstracts of all 305 citations and reviewing the full text of 30 potentially eligible articles, the panel members determined that 22 met the inclusion criteria. One article included 2 studies, for a total of 23 studies reviewed. The panel extracted information about study design, study population, the screening algorithm tested, interventions, outcomes, and study quality. The methodologist divided the studies into 2 categories-model development and model validation-and assigned a level of evidence rating to each study. One study was rated level I evidence, 3 studies were rated level II evidence, and 19 studies were rated level III evidence.In some cohorts, some models would have allowed reductions in the number of infants screened for ROP without failing to identify infants requiring treatment. However, the small sample size and limited generalizability of the ROP predictive models included in this review preclude their widespread use to make all-or-none decisions about whether to screen individual infants for ROP. As an alternative, some studies proposed approaches to apply the models to reduce the number of examinations performed in low-risk infants.Additional research is needed to optimize ROP predictive model development, validation, and application before such models can be used widely to reduce the burdensome number of ROP screening examinations.
Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients receiving intravenous bisphosphonate therapy
Authors: A. O. Hoff, B. B. Toth, K. Altundag, V. Guarneri, A. Adamus, A. K. Nooka, G. G. Sayegh, M. M. Johnson, R. F. Gagel, G. N. Hortobagyi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

8528 There have been reports of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients (pts) with metastatic bone disease (MBD) treated with IV bisphosphonates (IVBP). To estimate the frequency and identify risk factors for ONJ we performed a retrospective analysis of pts treated with IVBP. The cohort included 4019 patients identified through the MDACC pharmacy database (PD) treated with IVBP from 9/1996 to 2/2004, and 6 patients diagnosed with ONJ at the MDACC Dental Clinic. ONJ was defined as exposed non-healing bone of at least 3 months duration. Preliminary statistical analysis included 4000 patients. The most common diagnoses were breast cancer [BRCA] (1340), MM (550) and lung cancer (380).The indications for IVBP therapy included MBD (60%), hypercalcemia (25%), MM (14%) and osteoporosis (7%). We identified 34 patients with ONJ: 18 BRCA, 14 MM, 1 prostate cancer and 1 thyroid cancer. The frequency of ONJ was calculated by including patients from the PD only: 16/1338 (1.2 %) in BRCA and 14/448 (3.1%) in MM. Patients with ONJ received pamidronate [P] (6), zoledronate [Z] (10), combination of P and Z (15). The mean cumulative dose (MCD) of P was 2182 mg (720–4410) in MM and 2745mg (1980–3510) in BRCA. MCD of Z was 61 mg (24–152) in MM and 62 mg (28–110) in BRCA. The total doses of P and Z were significantly higher in the ONJ group VS NON-ONJ group (P&lt;0.0001). Pts with ONJ had longer duration of disease and longer follow-up than NON-ONJ cases (P&lt;0.0001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses (MLRA) revealed dental extractions (DE), ER positive tumors, and treatments with P and Z as significant factors associated with ONJ in BRCA pts. In MM, DE, periodontal disease and osteoporosis were significant factors. Further statistical analysis, including Cox regression analysis, is under way. ONJ pts were treated with aggressive oral hygiene, oral rinses, debridement of necrotic bone and antibiotics. 15 pts were followed at the dental clinic longer than 6 months. ONJ healed in 1, improved in 1, stable in 4 and progressed in 9 pts. In conclusion, ONJ is a significant but uncommon event. Higher doses of IVBP, longer treatment duration, DE, and periodontal disease are associated with a greater risk to develop ONJ. Good dental care and avoidance of dental interventions should be recommended to all patients treated with IVBP. [Table: see text]
Incorporation of 3’-Azido-3’-deoxythymidine into Cellular DNA and Its Removal in a Human Leukemic Cell Line
Authors: M A Vazquez-Padua, M C Starnes, Y C Cheng
Journal: Cancer Communications (1990)

3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is currently used in the treatment of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); this often, however, results in hematological toxicity. Although the mechanism of toxicity is not clear, it is thought to result in part from incorporation of AZT into DNA, which causes chain termination. In order to investigate the mechanism of AZT toxicity, the relationship between the presence of AZT in DNA of K562 cells, a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, and growth inhibition was examined. No growth inhibition was evident at less than 50 microM AZT, although incorporation of AZT into DNA was detected at 10 and 20 microM. This suggested that the presence of AZT in DNA was not sufficient to inhibit cell growth. Removal of AZT from the medium resulted in the removal of AZT from DNA of the cells, indicative of a cellular repair mechanism. Cellular DNA polymerases alpha, beta, gamma, and delta from human leukemic cells were inhibited by AZT trisphosphate to different degrees, polymerase alpha being the least potently inhibited. Furthermore, an enzyme with exonucleolytic activity, capable of removing AZT and dideoxycytidine from the correspondingly terminated DNA (in vitro), was obtained from these cells. In summary, AZT was incorporated into DNA at levels that were not toxic, and it could be removed by an exonuclease, which might play a key role in the susceptibility of cells to AZT.
The challenges of forecasting resilience
Authors: Luke J. Chang, Marianne Reddan, Yoni K. Ashar, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Tor D. Wager
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Developing prospective models of resilience using the translational and transdiagnostic framework proposed in the target article is a challenging endeavor and will require large-scale data sets with dense intraindividual temporal sampling and innovative analytic methods.
Abstract P347: The Impact of the Length of the Follow-up on the the Strengths of the Associations Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Future Myocardial Infarction, Stroke and Heart Failure
Authors: Lars Lind, Erik Ingelsson, Johan Sundström, Johan ärnlöv
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how the length of the follow-up period influences the strength of the associations between major cardiovascular risk factors and different cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke and heart failure). Methods: We examined 1826 men aged 50 regarding cardiovascular risk factors in 1970-74. The follow-up time was 33 years. The hazard ratio (HR) was calculated yearly for each risk factor and outcome. During follow-up, 571 cases of MI, 381 cases of stroke and 384 cases of heart failure occurred. Results: Two major patterns were found regarding influence of the follow-up time on the associations between risk factors and the different cardiovascular outcomes. First, a gradual decline in the HR over time was seen for blood pressure in relation to all three outcomes, with the most rapid decline for heart failure and stroke. This pattern was also seen for BMI in relation to MI and heart failure, and for smoking regarding MI and stroke. Second, we observed a gradual increase in HRs to a maximum at 20-25 years, and thereafter a slight decline. This pattern was seen for the apoB/A1 ratio, HDL, and triglycerides, mainly in relation to MI and heart failure. Conclusion: The length of follow-up influenced the associations between traditional risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes in different ways. The collective influence of the risk factors did however show a substantial decline in discrimination over time for the outcomes stroke and heart failure, but not regarding myocardial infarction.
Immunolocalization and tissue-specific splicing of AE2 anion exchanger in mouse kidney.
Authors: A K Stuart-Tilley, B E Shmukler, D Brown, S L Alper
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

In this study, an epitope-unmasking technique was used to immunolocalize AE2 anion exchanger polypeptide to basolateral plasma membranes of tubular epithelial cells in mouse kidney. Kidney AE2 immunostaining in mouse kidney was less prominent than in rat, consistent with the relative levels of AE2 mRNA and polypeptide in these two species. Glomeruli showed faint but consistent AE2 immunostaining, whereas proximal tubules were generally unstained. Macula densa epithelial cells displayed bright AE2 immunostaining, and cortical thick limbs were stained at a lower intensity. AE2 immunostaining was weak or absent in type B intercalated cells and principal cells of the cortical collecting duct, but increased in intensity in principal cells of the inner stripe of the outer medulla. AE2 staining in medullary thick limbs was also of greater intensity than in cortical thick limbs. AE2 staining was strong and uniform in the epithelial cells of the inner medullary collecting duct, and in epithelial cells of the papillary surface, the ureter, and the urinary bladder. Extratubular and epithelial cells of the inner medulla also showed punctate intracellular AE2 staining in a Golgi-like distribution that, in contrast to cell surface staining, was sodium dodecyl sulfate-sensitive. Golgi localization of AE2 epitope was confirmed by immunoperoxidase electron microscopy. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of mouse kidney RNA detected AE2a, AE2b, and an AE2c2 transcript, but an AE2c1 transcript was absent. Unlike in rat, the mouse AE2c2 mRNA splice variant encoded a polypeptide with a novel predicted N-terminal amino acid sequence.
Image-Reversal Soft Lithography: Fabrication of Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Detectors
Authors: Tina Saberi Safaei, Jagotamoy Das, Sahar Sadat Mahshid, Peter M. Aldridge, Edward H. Sargent, Shana O. Kelley
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Image-reversal soft lithography enables the straightforward fabrication of high-performance biosensors without requiringhigh-resolution photolitography.
Economic value of zoledronic acid versus placebo in the treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with lung cancer: The case of the United Kingdom (UK)
Authors: M. F. Botteman, I. Foley, A. A. Marfatia, J. Brandman, C. J. Langer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6617 Objectives: Zoledronic acid (ZA) reduces the risk of skeletal-related events (SREs) in lung cancer patients with bone metastases and may improve survival among those patients with high levels of bone metabolism. This analysis assessed, from the UK National Health Service's perspective, the economic impact of ZA therapy in patients with bone metastases secondary to lung cancer. Methods: A literature-based decision analytic model was developed to compare the direct costs and quality adjusted life years (QALY) experienced by lung cancer patients with bone metastases receiving placebo or ZA. Survival, SRE incidence, and number of infusions administered were obtained from a randomized clinical trial comparing 4 mg ZA with placebo. Drug acquisition and administration costs and SRE costs were estimated using published sources and national fee schedules (i.e., NHS reference costs, British National Formulary, Personal Social Services Research Unit reference costs). The impact of SREs on quality of life was estimated using the literature. Consistent with previous economic analyses of bisphosphonates in cancers (e.g., Hillner et al, 2000), patients avoiding SREs were assumed to experience quality of life improvements for 1 month. Results: The average remaining life expectancy was conservatively assumed equal in both groups and was 8.50 months (median, 5.89 months). During those months, patients receiving placebo were projected to experience 2.07 SREs on average compared to 1.32 SREs among ZA patients. QALYs were estimated at 0.3523 per patient (pp) and 0.3350 pp in the ZA and placebo groups, respectively. ZA drug-related costs were estimated at £1,473 pp, based on 5.87 infusions pp and a cost of £251.01 per infusion. The use of ZA was associated with a reduction of £1,562 pp in SRE costs. Overall, ZA saved costs and increased QALYs compared to no therapy, by £89 pp and 0.0173 QALYs pp, respectively. In sensitivity analyses, ZA cost £25,000 or less per QALY under a wide range of assumptions. Conclusions: The use of ZA leads to fewer SREs, better estimated quality of life, and lower costs relative to placebo in UK lung cancer patients with bone metastases. The use of ZA in this population therefore appears highly cost effective. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Autoradiographic localization of Prolactin Receptors in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinoma 2
Authors: Mark E. Costlow, William L. McGuire
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Autoradiographic localization of Prolactin Receptors in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[ a]anthracene-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinoma Get access Mark E. Costlow, Mark E. Costlow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William L. McGuire William L. McGuire 5 5Address reprint requests to Dr. W. L. McGuire. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 4, April 1977, Pages 1173–1175, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.4.1173 Published: 01 April 1977 Article history Received: 09 August 1976 Accepted: 15 October 1976 Published: 01 April 1977
Review: In rheumatoid arthritis, TNF-α inhibitors do not differ from placebo or DMARDs for all-cause mortality
Authors: Ami Schattner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Source Citation Poiroux L, Allanore Y, Kahan A, Avouac J. All-cause mortality associated with TNF-alpha inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med. 2015. [Epub ahead of print] 26247564