tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term use of NSAID reduces the risk of oral cancer
Authors: J. Sudbø, S. M. Lippman, J. Lee, S. Sagen, A. Dannenberg, A. Reith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1004 Background: Oral cancer is a tobacco-related cancer, with high morbidity and mortality. Although there is evidence of a possible protective effect of aspirin on oesophageal cancer, only scattered data exist on its role on cancer of the oral cavity or larynx. Methods: We performed a population-based nested case-control study by combining data from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the Norwegian Cancer Registry. Among persons accrued to the health survey in the period 1975–1990, 3275 persons at high risk for oral cancer, as judged by their tobacco habits, were identified through the databases of a population based national health survey, and the occurrence of carcinomas in this group was assessed through cross-linking with the database of the Norwegian cancer Registry. Additional information regarding smoking habits, medication, age, sex and comorbidity was entered in the database of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Results: Among the 3275 persons identified to be at risk of oral cancer, 496 were identified with a squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. 496 matches controls were identified among the other 2779 person identified to be at risk of oral cancer. The hazard ration for developing oral cancer was. Among the 992 person included in the analysis (496 person from the case group and 496 person from the matched control group), 690 did not have a history of long-term NSAID use, while 302 did. The hazard ratio for developing oral cancer was 0.53 among the person who used NSAIDs. This cancer protective effect was time dependent, with hazard ratios of 0.61, 0.55, and 0.42 in person who had used NSAIDs for 6 to 12 months, 1 to 5 years, and more than 5 years, respectively. Conclusions: The long-term use of NSAIDs seems to have a protective effect on the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pfizer Pfizer Pfizer
I had a dream
Authors: Per Hölmich
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Ever since I wrote my first review, published in 1997,1 I have been looking forward to this issue of BJSM . I have been looking forward to read more well done systematic reviews than ever before on groin and hip problems. I have been looking forward to a world conference on groin injuries in athletes, with participants from all over the world. I have been looking forward to being able to present the results of an expert agreement meeting on the terminology of groin injuries. I have been looking forward for all we groin nerds to join forces and lift this important area in sports medicine into the age of evidence-based medicine.

The systematic reviews published in this issue of BJSM deliver an update of the current knowledge, evaluate it scientifically and serve as guides for future research. A lot of work has been put into these papers, taking us through epidemiology, risk …
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided repositioning of a migrated metal hepatogastrostomy stent using foreign body forceps
Authors: Shupeng Wang, Jintao Guo, Siyu Sun, Xiang Liu, Sheng Wang, Nan Ge, Guoxin Wang
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided hepaticogastrostomy with a fully covered metal stent is an option for malignant biliary obstruction after a failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) [1] [2] [3]; however, migration of the stent can be a fatal complication [3] [4]. We report a case in which a migrated stent was successful reset using a foreign body forceps.
Abstract 335: Exercise Protects the Heart by Preserving Mitochondrial Membrane Potential During Early Reperfusion
Authors: Rick J Alleman, Hetal D Patel, Fatiha Moukdar, David A Brown
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Exercise evokes adaptations intrinsic to the myocardium that protect against ventricular arrhythmia, yet the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. We have previously shown that the transition to arrhythmia occurs concomitant with a collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). As our previous studies indicated that exercise preserves intracellular redox homeostasis, which directly influences mitochondrial energetics, we hypothesized that rats exposed to exercise (Ex, 10 d of treadmill running) would be protected against reperfusion arrhythmia via better maintenance of ΔΨm. To fully understand the temporal relationship between ΔΨm and cardiac electrical activity, two-photon microscopy images (using the fluorescent probe TMRM) and volume-conducted electrocardiogram were simultaneously recorded. Langendorff-perfused hearts underwent 40/30 min of ischemia/reperfusion. Exercise lowered the incidence of arrhythmia, with 3 of 8 Ex hearts experiencing tachycardia or fibrillation compared to 7 of 8 sedentary (Sed) hearts. Ex prevented the collapse of ΔΨm during the first 10 min of reperfusion (74±6.4% v 57±1.5% of baseline fluorescence intensity; P&lt;0.05). To gain a more comprehensive understanding of energetics throughout the heterogeneous mitochondrial population, we then measured mean TMRM fluorescence intensity in isolated ventricular mitochondria harvested after reperfusion using flow cytometry (n=100,000 events per group). Interestingly, mean fluorescence intensity for ΔΨm was similar in Ex and Sed mitochondria (278±33 v 309 ±44 AU, respectively). Mitochondrial respiratory control ratios were also similar in Ex and Sed (9.03±0.70 v 9.00±0.92, respectively). Taken together, the isolated mitochondrial assessment did not reflect what was observed in vivo. This suggests that either intracellular factors influenced in vivo mitochondrial energetics, or our isolated mitochondria may have been enriched with predominantly healthy mitochondria. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that exercise prevents electrical dysfunction following an ischemic insult through better preservation of mitochondrial energetics, and that this preservation is only observed in the intact organ.
Abstract 301: Decreased Right Ventricular Function in a Novel Model of Pulmonary Insufficiency in Rat
Authors: Rong Jiang, Ming Shen, Guoliang Ding, Mary B Wagner, Paul Kirshbom
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

The population of adult patients with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is increasing due in part to the increasing number of children with corrected congenital heart defects that now survive to adulthood. We have developed a novel model of pulmonary insufficiency (PI) to investigate the time course of right ventricular failure due to volume loading. Methods: PI was created in Sprague-Dawley rats by disrupting the pulmonary valve. After a limited thoracotomy, a custom made hook was inserted through the RV apex into the RV-pulmonary artery annulus and moved back and forth several times to disrupt the valve. After 16-18 weeks, function was assessed by echocardiography (Visualsonics 2100) and RV function was measured using a Langendorff isolated heart system. Results: Evidence of PI was noted by regurgitant flow using color Doppler. There was no difference in RV weight or left ventricular function by echo between the sham and PI groups. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) was significantly lower in PI compared to sham (2.46±0.19, n=8 vs. 3.16±0.13, n=5, p&lt;0.05) indicating diminished RV function. Furthermore, in isolated hearts, developed pressure (DP) was significantly smaller in PI compared to sham (25.5±2.7, n=9 vs. 36.5±3.6 mmHg, n=5, p&lt;0.05) as was the minimum derivative of pressure (dPmin, -500±46, n=9 vs. -731±81 mmHg/s, n=5, p&lt;0.02). We separated the PI group into mild-PI and moderate-PI based on the amount of regurgitant flow. Isolated hearts were perfused with dobutamine to determine RV functional reserve. For the sham group, there was a dose-dependent increase of DP in response to dobutamine (36.5±3.6 vs. 38.0±1.7 vs. 51.2±4.1 mmHg for baseline, 100 nM, and 1 μ M (n=5), p&lt;0.05 for 1 μ M vs. baseline and 100 nM). Similar results were found for dPmin and dPmax. In contrast, dobutamine did not significantly increase any functional parameters in the mild or moderate-PI groups. Conclusions: Disruption of the pulmonary valve in a rat model caused mild to moderate PI. Measures of RV function (TAPSE and DP) were decreased in the PI group. Response to dobutamine was robust in the sham group and diminished in both mild and moderate PI groups. This is a novel model of PI that can be used to investigate the mechanisms of RV failure in response to volume overload.
The prevalence and significance of a short QT interval in 18 825 low-risk individuals including athletes
Authors: Harshil Dhutia, Aneil Malhotra, Sameer Parpia, Vincent Gabus, Gherardo Finocchiaro, Greg Mellor, Ahmed Merghani, Lynne Millar, Rajay Narain, Nabeel Sheikh, Elijah R Behr, Michael Papadakis, Sanjay Sharma
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

The short QT syndrome is a cardiac channelopathy characterised by accelerated repolarisation which manifests as a short QT interval on the ECG. The definition of a short QT interval is debated, ranging from <390 to ≤320 ms, and its clinical significance in healthy young individuals is unknown. We assessed the prevalence and medium-term significance of an isolated short QT interval in a diverse young British population.Between 2005 and 2013, 18 825 apparently healthy people aged 14-35 years underwent cardiovascular evaluation with history, physical examination and ECG. QT intervals were measured by cardiologists using 4 recommended guidelines (Seattle 2013, Heart Rhythm Society 2013, European Society of Cardiology 2010 and American Heart Association 2009).The prevalence of a short QT interval was 0.1% (26 patients, ≤320 ms), 0.2% (44 patients, ≤330 ms), 7.9% (1478 patients, <380 ms), 15.8% (2973 patients, <390 ms). Male gender and Afro-Caribbean ethnicity had the strongest association with short QT intervals. Athletes had shorter QT intervals than non-athletes but athletic status did not predict short QT intervals. Individuals with short QT intervals ≤320 ms did not report syncope or a sinister family history, and during a follow-up period of 5.3±1.2 years, there were no deaths in this group.The prevalence of a short QT interval depends on the recommended cut-off value. Even at values ≤320 ms, there was an excellent medium-term prognosis among 14 people followed. We conclude that a definition of ≤320 ms is realistic to prevent overdiagnosis and excessive investigations.
Ifosfamide is an active drug in Wilms' tumor: a phase II study conducted by the French Society of Pediatric Oncology.
Authors: M F Tournade, J Lemerle, M Brunat-Mentigny, C Bachelot, H Roche, O Taboureau, D Olive, O Lejars, A Boilletot, F Demeocq
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Twenty-one patients with advanced Wilms' tumor entered a phase II study with high-dose ifosfamide (3 g/m2 over two days every 15 days). Mesna and hyperhydration were associated with minimal bladder toxicity. After two courses, five partial responses and six complete responses were observed. Ten patients did not respond. The median duration of response was 2 months (range, 1 to 7). Therapy was delayed because of leukopenia for 1 or 2 weeks in only three cases. Fever and infection were not observed. Seven patients presented with hematuria, three of whom were among the 17 patients coadministered mesna, which did not interfere with subsequent therapy.
Spontaneous Tumors in the Dunkin-Hartley Guinea Pig 2 3
Authors: Raymond D. Ediger, Robert M. Kovatch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Spontaneous Tumors in the Dunkin-Hartley Guinea Pig Get access Raymond D. Ediger, Raymond D. Ediger 4National Cancer Institute Frederick Cancer Research Center, Frederick, Md. 21701. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert M. Kovatch Robert M. Kovatch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 2, February 1976, Pages 293–294, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.2.293 Published: 01 February 1976 Article history Received: 23 January 1975 Revision received: 08 September 1975 Accepted: 12 September 1975 Published: 01 February 1976
Phase I/II study of imexon (AMP) plus dacarbazine (DTIC) in patients (Pts) with metastatic malignant melanoma
Authors: W. E. Samlowski, J. S. Weber, R. Gonzalez, A. Ribas, S. J. O’Day, J. J. Stephenson, T. Sato, R. T. Dorr, K. A. Grenier, E. M. Hersh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

9066 Background: AMP is a novel agent that depletes thiols from cells and induces apoptosis via oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and cytochrome C release. AMP is active against human melanoma cells and synergistic with alkylating agents in vitro and in animal models. Methods: We treated 68 Pts with unresectable stages III (n=6) and IV (n=62) chemotherapy naïve metastatic melanoma. In Phase I (18 Pts) AMP was escalated in cohorts of 3–6 Pts from 570 mg/m2 to 1,300 mg/m2 daily X 5 days with DTIC (250 mg/m2 daily x 5 days), Q21 days. The MTD of AMP with DTIC was 1,000 mg/m2 and tested in phase II (50 pts). Results: The most common adverse events of all grades were nausea (71%), fatigue (68%), vomiting (51%), diarrhea (40%), constipation (39%), and fever (35%). 10.8% of Pts had neutropenia. Seven Pts had SAEs that were possibly or definitely related to treatment. In evaluable pts (N=61), the objective response rate was 6.6% and stable disease rate was 34.5% for an overall clinical benefit rate of 41.1%. PFS was 2.0 months (Mo), N=68, not different from historical controls. The median overall survival (OS) (N=68, minimum follow-up 12 Mo) was 11.7 Mo (95% CI, 6.8–17.3) compared to approximately 8 Mo for historical controls treated with DTIC alone. The median OS for Pts with a normal baseline serum LDH was 22.5 Mo (95% CI, 16.7- not yet reached) compared to approximately 10 Mo in historical controls. The median OS of the patients with elevated LDH was not increased, but 7 of 37 Pts with elevated LDH are surviving from 12+ to 23+ months. Conclusions: These data suggest that the addition of AMP to DTIC therapy is well tolerated and may prolong OS, especially in Pts with a normal LDH. A randomized, placebo controlled phase II study in metastatic melanoma is planned. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amplimed Amplimed Amplimed
Phase II trials (P2T) in advanced pancreatic cancer (APC): Systematic review with focus on the design, entry criteria, and endpoints used.
Authors: A. Stathis, D. J. Renouf, M. J. Moore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4073 Background: P2T represent an important tool for the screening new anticancer agents. In APC phase III trials (P3T) have been almost universally negative. A review of P2T was done to examine if this is due to inappropriate design or interpretation of P2T. Methods: We reviewed first line P2T published over the last 10 years in complete form and analyzed the baseline characteristics of the patients, treatment employed, primary end secondary endpoints and trial design. For each trial we compared the outcome as reported by the authors with the result of the specified primary endpoint. Results: Ninety-nine trials involving 4841 patients were included in our analysis. Eighty-five were single arm and 14 were randomized P2T. Response rate (RR) was the most frequently employed primary endpoint (60 trials), followed by time related endpoints (TRE) in 26, disease control rate (RR + stable disease) in 2 and one each for clinical benefit and biological activity. Eight trials did not specify a primary endpoint. Patients with both locally advanced and metastatic disease were included in 71 trials. Quality of life was measured in 43, while correlative studies were present only in 11 trials. Only 43 trials reported the number of patients with previous curative surgery and only 7 reported information on further treatment after progression on the study. Of the trials deemed positive by the authors (n = 49), 25 had their primary endpoint met, represented by RR in 20 (80%), TRE in 4 (8%) and disease control rate in one. In 16 of these trials the treatment consisted of gemcitabine combined with other cytotoxic agents. In 24 a primary endpoint was either not specified or not met but the authors declared the trial positive based on comparisons with historical data. Conclusions: P2T in APC have been mainly single arm with RR as a primary endpoint and have failed to predict effective treatments. Several trials were deemed positive despite not meeting their primary endpoint. A redesign with standardization of entry and outcome criteria and a higher threshold for proceeding to P3T should be implemented in future P2T. Given that many new agents are molecularly targeted, there should also be a greater emphasis on correlative science. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Junior doctors will take industrial action next week
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Junior doctors will go ahead with industrial action next week as planned, the BMA says, because talks on the new contract have foundered.

BMA negotiators blamed the government’s “entrenched position” in refusing to recognise Saturday working as unsocial hours, together with its continued threat to impose a contract on junior doctors that the profession regards as unsafe.

Rather than a full walkout including withdrawing emergency cover as originally threatened, emergency care will be provided, but the action will now last for a full 24 hours.

Junior doctors will provide only emergency care from 8 am on Wednesday 10 February to 8 am on Thursday 11 February. Previously, a full walkout with no emergency cover had been threatened from 8 am to 5 pm on 10 February.

Plans for an …
Detection of ubiquitous and heterogeneous mutations in cell-free DNA from patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: M. Jamal-Hanjani, G.A. Wilson, S. Horswell, R. Mitter, O. Sakarya, T. Constantin, R. Salari, E. Kirkizlar, S. Sigurjonsson, R. Pelham, S. Kareht, B. Zimmermann, C. Swanton
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Critical Slowing Down as a Personalized Early Warning Signal for Depression
Authors: Marieke Wichers, Peter C. Groot
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2016)

About 17% of humanity goes through an episode of major depression at some point in their lifetime. Despite the enormous societal costs of this incapacitating disorder, it is largely unknown how the likelihood of falling into a depressive episode can be assessed. Here, we show for a large group of healthy individuals and patients that the probability of an upcoming shift between a depressed and a normal state is related to elevated temporal autocorrelation, variance, and correlation between emotions in fluctuations of autorecorded emotions. These are indicators of the general phenomenon of critical slowing down, which is expected to occur when a system approaches a tipping point. Our results support the hypothesis that mood may have alternative stable states separated by tipping points, and suggest an approach for assessing the likelihood of transitions into and out of depression.
Psychologic and neuropsychologic impact of autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: T A Ahles, D M Tope, C Furstenberg, D Hann, L Mills
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

The major purpose of the current study was to evaluate the psychologic and neuropsychologic functioning of patients undergoing treatment with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT).Fifty-four patients with hematologic disorders or breast cancer completed a battery of psychologic and neuropsychologic tests before ABMT, at mid-treatment (1 to 3 days following bone marrow reinfusion), and predischarge (within 1 to 2 days before discharge from the hospital).Analysis of pretransplant data showed significantly higher scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) for patients with hematologic disorders as compared with patients with breast cancer. However, no baseline differences on neuropsychologic measures were found when patients were divided into groups based on prior exposure to cranial radiation and/or intrathecal chemotherapy. Serial evaluations at pretransplant, following return of bone marrow, and at predischarge were available for 34 patients. For the psychologic data, patients with hematologic disorders tended to be more distressed than breast cancer patients at baseline, but became less distressed over time. By contrast, breast cancer patients were relatively less distressed at baseline, demonstrated a significant increase in distress midtreatment, and returned to baseline levels at predischarge assessment. Scores on neuropsychologic measures that assessed higher order cognitive functioning generally worsened over time.The results suggest a differential response on psychologic measures when comparing patients with hematologic disorders with those with breast cancer. However, both groups demonstrated a general decline in performance on neuropsychologic measures over the course of treatment.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 42 cases.
Authors: J P Greer, J C York, J B Cousar, R T Mitchell, J M Flexner, R D Collins, R S Stein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Clinical and histopathologic material from 42 patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) was reviewed. The median age was 63.5 years (range, 11-97 years). The male:female ratio was 2.8:1. Prior immune or lymphoproliferative diseases occurred in 36% of the patients. PTCL was advanced at presentation with B symptoms (67%), generalized adenopathy (69%), and stage III/IV disease (79%). Suspected lung or pleural involvement (21%), hepatomegaly (29%), and splenomegaly (43%) were common; marrow involvement was documented in 37% of the patients at presentation and in 51% of patients during the illness. Hypercalcemia and eosinophilia occurred in 19% and 29% of patients, respectively. Among patients receiving combination chemotherapy (BCOP, CHOP, BACOP, COMLA), eight (24%) of 33 achieved a complete remission and only four (12%) of 33 had a sustained complete remission. The median survival for PTCL was 11 months. Because of the poor response to standard therapy, clinical trials should identify cases of PTCL and evaluate newer regimens in this subset of aggressive lymphoma.
The Effect of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation (Pci) in the Patients with Extensive-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer (Ed-Sclc): Results of a Japanese Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: T. Naito, T. Takahashi, T. Yamanaka, H. Harada, T. Seto, M. Satouchi, S. Oizumi, N. Katakami, K. Shibata, M. Maemondo, K. Kiura, H. Okamoto, K. Minato, N. Yamamoto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)