tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gynecological pre participation examination-a new proposal for female athletes care
Authors: T Parmigiano, E Zucchi, M Araujo, L Negra, C Guindalini, R Castro, C Moreno, M Girão, M Cohen, M Sartori
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Female athletes are unaware of the influence of sports practice on health and usually do not report sexual or gynecological complaints during a regular Pre Participation Examination (PPE). Objective To propose a gynecological PPE for female athletes, assessing questions regarding unsupervised sports practice, sexual transmitted diseases, as well as consciousness of the coaches regarding their gynecological health. Design Observational cross-sectional study. Settings/Patients A total of 148 athletes participating in regular and competitive sports at the ‘Olympic Center of Training and Research for youth athletes’ in São Paulo – Brazil, during the first semester of 2010. Parents/guardians signed the informed consent form. Intervention The athletes participated in an informative lecture about relevant gynecological questions related to their health and sports practice. Subsequently, the subjects responded to a questionnaire evaluating gynecological features, together with the Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Results The study assessed 148 athletes, mean age of 15.4 ± 2.0 years, reporting 10.9 ± 4.0 h of practice/week. 50% of the participants described irregular menstrual interval, 23.0% ignored the meaning of sexual transmitted diseases and 72.4% had never been to a gynecological appointment. A total of 23.1% of the athletes complained of urine loss and 14.5% should be evaluated by a nutritionist regarding alimentary disturbance or use of diuretics or laxative for weight loss. Moreover, 89.0% ignored the occurrence of urinary incontinence in athletes and the definition of female athlete triad, and 81.9% affirmed that would not mention these questions to their coaches even if this would improve their health or performance. Conclusion The gynecological issues are usually underestimated in the follow up of female athletes. The PPE could be an excellent opportunity to provide a special care to young competitors, improving their knowledge about their body and health and most likely, their goals.
Preparticipation Cardiovascular Screening for US Collegiate Student-Athletes
Authors: Glen C. Pfister
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Sudden death in young competitive athletes due to unsuspected cardiovascular disease has heightened interest in preparticipation screening.To assess screening practices for detecting potentially lethal cardiovascular diseases in college-aged student-athletes.A total of 1110 National Collegiate Athletic Association member colleges and universities were surveyed between 1995 and 1997, with 879 (79%) responding to the questionnaire.Information on the administration and scope of the preparticipation screening process was obtained from the team physician or athletic director; preparticipation screening forms were evaluated for content and compared with 12 items recommended by the 1996 American Heart Association (AHA) consensus panel screening guidelines.Preparticipation screening was a requirement at 855 (97%) of 879 schools, was performed on campus at 713 schools (81 %), and was required annually by 446 schools (51 %). Team physicians were responsible for examinations at 603 (85%) of 713 schools with on-campus screening, although 135 of these schools (19%) also approved nurse practitioners and 244 schools (34%) allowed athletic trainers to perform examinations. Of the history and physical examination screening forms analyzed from 625 institutions, only 163 schools (26%) had forms that contained at least 9 of the recommended 12 AHA screening guidelines and were judged to be adequate, whereas 150 (24%) contained 4 or fewer of these parameters and were considered to be inadequate. Smaller Division III schools were more likely than larger Division I schools to have inadequate screening forms (30% vs 14%; P<.001). Relevant items that were omitted from more than 40% of the screening forms included history of exertional chest pain, dyspnea, or fatigue; familial heart disease or premature sudden death; and physical stigmata or family history of Marfan syndrome.The preparticipation screening process used by many US colleges and universities may have limited potential to detect (or raise the suspicion of) cardiovascular abnormalities capable of causing sudden death in competitive student-athletes.
Is there a gender difference in concussion incidence and outcomes?
Authors: R W Dick
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Objective: To determine if there is a gender difference in the incidence and outcomes of sport concussion. Design: Critical literature review of sport concussion by gender. Intervention: PubMed and major sports medicine journals were reviewed using the keywords concussion and gender. Articles included in this paper were English prospective surveillance that included concussion as an injury option conducted over the past 10 years, involved data collected by qualified medical personnel (athletic trainers/therapists or medical doctors) and used injury rates as opposed to raw counts. Only data from sports (soccer, basketball and ice hockey) where actions, equipment and most rules were similar between genders were reviewed. Results: For the PubMed search, using “concussion” and “gender” as keywords, there were 51 articles. Ten studies (four in football (soccer), four in basketball and two in ice hockey, including high school, college and professional athletes) were included in the incidence portion of the paper. Nine of the studies showed higher absolute injury rates for female concussion compared to their male counterparts with four of them reaching statistical significance. Five of the studies (two football (soccer), two basketball and one ice hockey) examined concussion mechanism and in all cases, males had a higher absolute percent of player contact concussions while females had a higher absolute percentage of surface or ball contact concussion episodes. Two brain injury and four sport concussion outcome papers were reviewed. Traumatic brain injury outcome was shown to be worse in females than in males for a majority of measured variables; females also are shown to have different baseline and post-concussion outcomes on neuropsychological testing. Conclusions: After evaluating multiple years of concussion data in comparable sports, the evidence indicates that female athletes may be at greater risk for concussion than their male counterparts. There also is some evidence that gender differences exist in outcomes of traumatic brain injury and concussions. Because concussion is a clinical diagnosis often depending on self reporting and with no established biological marker or consistent symptoms/definitions, and because there is evidence that females are more honest in reporting general injuries than males, it is unclear whether the concussion incidence data, while generally consistent in showing a higher risk in females as compared to males in similar sports, is a true difference or is influenced by a reporting bias.
Human Microbiome in Health and Disease
Authors: Kathryn J. Pflughoeft, James Versalovic
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2011)

Mammals are complex assemblages of mammalian and bacterial cells organized into functional organs, tissues, and cellular communities. Human biology can no longer concern itself only with human cells: Microbiomes at different body sites and functional metagenomics must be considered part of systems biology. The emergence of metagenomics has resulted in the generation of vast data sets of microbial genes and pathways present in different body habitats. The profound differences between microbiomes in various body sites reveal how metagenomes contribute to tissue and organ function. As next-generation DNA-sequencing methods provide whole-metagenome data in addition to gene-expression profiling, metaproteomics, and metabonomics, differences in microbial composition and function are being linked to health and disease states in different organs and tissues. Global parameters of microbial communities may provide valuable information regarding human health status and disease predisposition. More detailed knowledge of the human microbiome will yield next-generation diagnostics and therapeutics for various acute, chronic, localized, and systemic human diseases.
How the government is failing the health service
Authors: R. A D O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Snow’s article is a refreshing reminder that most of the NHS works very well.1 But it’s not just the media that concentrate on the rare instances of poor practice to make sensational claims that sell their papers: the government does exactly the same, apparently to turn our patients against us and support their political reforms.

A good example comes from the government’s own £23m survey showing that 84% of patients are content with their general practitioners’ opening hours; its response (presumably premeditated) is to beat us over the head with the other 16% and …
A phase 3 study of three induction regimens and of priming with GM-CSF in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia: a trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: Jacob M. Rowe, Donna Neuberg, William Friedenberg, John M. Bennett, Elisabeth Paietta, Adel Z. Makary, Jane L. Liesveld, Camille N. Abboud, Gordon Dewald, F. Ann Hayes, Martin S. Tallman, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: Blood (2003)
Effects of electrical stimulation and an intracellular calcium chelator on calcium movement in suspensions of isolated myocardial muscle cells
Authors: G. J BARRITT, A. M LEE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Journal Article Effects of electrical stimulation and an intracellular calcium chelator on calcium movement in suspensions of isolated myocardial muscle cells Get access GREGORY J BARRITT, GREGORY J BARRITT **Address for correspondence and reprint requests: Dr G J Barritt, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Flinders University School of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar AMANDA M LEE AMANDA M LEE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 19, Issue 6, June 1985, Pages 370–377, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/19.6.370 Published: 01 June 1985
Mandatory Influenza Vaccination: How Far to Go and Whom to Target Without Evidence?
Authors: Jean-Christophe Bélisle Pipon, Marjolaine Frenette
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

In deploying a public health ethics framework to analyze mandatory influenza vaccination programs (MVP) for health care personnel, Antommaria (2013) provides a new perspective that substantially en...
Review of Gout, 1939-1946
Authors: L.C. Hill
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1946)

The financial crisis and the rash of mortgage defaults put the servicing of securitized residential mortgage loans under severe stress and raised some important issues related to the way the role of the servicer is defined. This article focuses on major considerations that bondholders, primary servicers, trustees, and other transaction parties should contemplate while structuring future transactions. Specifically, the article highlights the following issues in depth: default servicing activities, the role of servicers in non-servicing activities, and the replacement of servicers. In the course of discussing these issues, the author also proposes solutions to consider in connection with future transactions. <b>TOPICS:</b>MBS and residential mortgage loans, CMBS and commercial mortgage loans
Mental imagery: In search of a theory
Authors: Zenon W Pylyshyn
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

It is generally accepted that there is something special about reasoning by using mental images. The question of how it is special, however, has never been satisfactorily spelled out, despite more than thirty years of research in the post-behaviorist tradition. This article considers some of the general motivation for the assumption that entertaining mental images involves inspecting a picture-like object. It sets out a distinction between phenomena attributable to the nature of mind to what is called the cognitive architecture, and ones that are attributable to tacit knowledge used to simulate what would happen in a visual situation. With this distinction in mind, the paper then considers in detail the widely held assumption that in some important sense images are spatially displayed or are depictive, and that examining images uses the same mechanisms that are deployed in visual perception. I argue that the assumption of the spatial or depictive nature of images is only explanatory if taken literally, as a claim about how images are physically instantiated in the brain, and that the literal view fails for a number of empirical reasons – for example, because of the cognitive penetrability of the phenomena cited in its favor. Similarly, while it is arguably the case that imagery and vision involve some of the same mechanisms, this tells us very little about the nature of mental imagery and does not support claims about the pictorial nature of mental images. Finally, I consider whether recent neuroscience evidence clarifies the debate over the nature of mental images. I claim that when such questions as whether images are depictive or spatial are formulated more clearly, the evidence does not provide support for the picture-theory over a symbol-structure theory of mental imagery. Even if all the empirical claims were true, they do not warrant the conclusion that many people have drawn from them: that mental images are depictive or are displayed in some (possibly cortical) space. Such a conclusion is incompatible with what is known about how images function in thought. We are then left with the provisional counterintuitive conclusion that the available evidence does not support rejection of what I call the “null hypothesis”; namely, that reasoning with mental images involves the same form of representation and the same processes as that of reasoning in general, except that the content or subject matter of thoughts experienced as images includes information about how things would look.
Prophylactic treatment with S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod reduces pathology in experimental collagenase-induced osteoarthritis
Authors: R F Schelbergen, E J Geven, M H J van den Bosch, H Eriksson, T Leanderson, T Vogl, J Roth, F A J van de Loo, M I Koenders, P M van der Kraan, W B van den Berg, A B Blom, P L E M van Lent
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Alarmins S100A8/A9 regulate pathology in experimental osteoarthritis (OA). Paquinimod is an immunomodulatory compound preventing S100A9 binding to TLR-4. We investigated the effect of paquinimod on experimental OA and human OA synovium. Two OA mouse models differing in level of synovial activation were treated prophylactic with paquinimod. Synovial thickening, osteophyte size and cartilage damage were measured histologically, using an arbitrary score, adapted Pritzker OARSI score or imaging software, respectively. Human OA synovia were stimulated with S100A9, with or without paquinimod. Paquinimod treatment of collagenase-induced OA (CIOA) resulted in significantly reduced synovial thickening (57%), osteophyte size at the medial femur (66%) and cruciate ligaments (67%) and cartilage damage at the medial tibia (47%) and femur (75%; n=7, untreated n=6). In contrast, paquinimod did not reduce osteophyte size and reduced cartilage damage at one location only in destabilised medial meniscus, an OA model with considerably lower synovial activation compared with CIOA. In human OA synovium, paquinimod blocked proinflammatory (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-α) and catabolic (matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3) factors induced by S100A9 (n=5). Prophylactic treatment of paquinimod reduces synovial activation, osteophyte formation and cartilage damage in experimental OA with high synovial activation (CIOA) and ameliorates pathological effects of S100A9 in OA synovium ex vivo.
Oral Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibition With Orbofiban in Patients With Unstable Coronary Syndromes (OPUS-TIMI 16) Trial
Authors: Christopher P. Cannon, Carolyn H. McCabe, Robert G. Wilcox, Anatoly Langer, Abraham Caspi, Peter Berink, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Jiri Toman, Andrew Charlesworth, Robert J. Anders, John C. Alexander, Allan Skene, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Although intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are beneficial in patients with acute coronary syndromes, prolonged oral IIb/IIIa inhibition might provide an additional reduction in recurrent events.Investigators at 888 hospitals in 29 countries enrolled 10 288 patients with acute coronary syndromes, which was defined as ischemic pain at rest within 72 hours of randomization, associated with positive cardiac markers, electrocardiographic changes, or prior cardiovascular disease. Patients received aspirin and were randomized to receive, for the duration of the trial, (1) 50 mg of orbofiban twice daily (50/50 group), (2) 50 mg of orbofiban twice daily for 30 days followed by 30 mg of orbofiban twice daily (50/30 group), or (3) a placebo. The primary composite end point was death, myocardial infarction, recurrent ischemia requiring rehospitalization, urgent revascularization, or stroke. The trial was terminated prematurely because of an unexpected increase in 30-day mortality in the 50/30 orbofiban group. Mortality through 10 months was 3.7% for the placebo group versus 5.1% in the 50/30 group (P=0.008) and 4.5% in the 50/50 group (P=0.11). There were no differences in the primary end point (22.9%, 23.1%, and 22.8%, for the placebo, 50/30, and 50/50 groups, respectively). Major or severe bleeding (but not intracranial hemorrhage) was higher with orbofiban; it occurred in 2. 0%, 3.7% (P=0.0004), and 4.5% (P<0.0001) of patients, respectively. Exploratory subgroup analyses found that patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention had a lower mortality and a significant reduction in the composite end point (P=0.001) with orbofiban.-Fixed-dose orbofiban failed to reduce major cardiovascular events and was associated with increased mortality in this broad population of patients with acute coronary syndromes; however, a benefit was observed among patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention.
Effect of shigella enterotoxin 1 (ShET1) on rabbit intestine in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: A Fasano, F R Noriega, F M Liao, W Wang, M M Levine
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Shigella enterotoxin 1 is a novel enterotoxin elaborated by Shigella flexneri 2a that causes fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops and a rise in short circuit current in Ussing chambers. AIMS: To gain insights into the mechanism of action of shigella enterotoxin 1. METHODS: Supernatants from genetically engineered clones either overexpressing shigella enterotoxin 1 or producing deletion mutants of the toxin were tested in rabbit ileum both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: In rabbit ileum shigella enterotoxin 1 induced an irreversible rise in short circuit current that was not mediated by any of the recognised intracellular mediators of secretion. Deletion of 90% of the A subunit of the holotoxin ablated its enterotoxicity. In the in vivo perfusion model, the toxin induced a time dependent decrease in water absorption, whereas no changes were detected in the segment perfused with supernatants obtained from the deletion mutant. Finally, partially purified toxin induced a dose dependent increment in short circuit current that reached its plateau at a toxin concentration of 4 x 10(-6) M. CONCLUSIONS: Shigella enterotoxin 1 induces a time and dose dependent intestinal secretion in the rabbit animal model, suggesting that it may be responsible for the watery phase of Shigella flexneri 2a infection.
No Apparent Requirement for Neuronal Sodium Channels in Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Rat Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Fabien Brette, Clive H. Orchard
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

The majority of Na channels in the heart are composed of the tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant (KD, 2 to 6 micromol/L) "cardiac" NaV1.5 isoform; however, TTX-sensitive (KD, 1 to 25 nmol/L) "neuronal" Na channel isoforms have recently been detected in several cardiac preparations. In the present study, we determined the functional subcellular localization of Na channel isoforms (according to their TTX sensitivity) in rat ventricular myocytes by recording INa in control and detubulated myocytes. We found that TTX-sensitive INa (KD, &8.8 nmol/L) makes up 14+/-3% of total INa in control and < or =4% in detubulated myocytes and calculated that &80% of TTX-sensitive INa is located in the t-tubules, where it generates &1/3 of t-tubular INa. In contrast, TTX-resistant INa is located predominantly (&78%) at the surface membrane. We also investigated the possible contribution of TTX-sensitive INa to excitation-contraction coupling, using 200 nmol/L TTX to selectively block TTX-sensitive INa. TTX decreased the rate of depolarization of the action potential by 10% but did not delay the rise of systolic Ca2+ in the center of the cell (transverse confocal line scan), suggesting that TTX-sensitive INa does not play a role in synchronizing Ca2+ release at the t-tubules; the amplitude of the Ca2+ transient and contraction were also unchanged by 200 nmol/L TTX. The quantity of charge entering via ICa elicited by control or TTX action potential waveforms was similar, suggesting that the trigger for Ca2+ release is not altered by blocking TTX-sensitive INa. We conclude that neuronal INa is concentrated at the t-tubules, but there is no evidence of a requirement for these channels in normal excitation-contraction coupling in ventricular myocytes.
The IκB Function of NF-κB2 p100 Controls Stimulated Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Deborah Veis Novack, Li Yin, Amanda Hagen-Stapleton, Robert D. Schreiber, David V. Goeddel, F. Patrick Ross, Steven L. Teitelbaum
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

The prototranscription factor p100 represents an intersection of the NF-κB and IκB families, potentially serving as both the precursor for the active NF-κB subunit p52 and as an IκB capable of retaining NF-κB in the cytoplasm. NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) controls processing of p100 to generate p52, and thus NIK-deficient mice can be used to examine the biological effects of a failure in such processing. We demonstrate that treatment of wild-type osteoclast precursors with the osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) increases both expression of p100 and its conversion to p52, resulting in unchanged net levels of p100. In the absence of NIK, p100 expression is increased by RANKL, but its conversion to p52 is blocked, leading to cytosolic accumulation of p100, which, acting as an IκB protein, binds NF-κB complexes and prevents their nuclear translocation. High levels of unprocessed p100 in osteoclast precursors from NIK−/− mice or a nonprocessable form of the protein in wild-type cells impair RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Conversely, p100-deficient osteoclast precursors show enhanced sensitivity to RANKL. These data demonstrate a novel, biologically relevant means of regulating NF-κB signaling, with upstream control and kinetics distinct from the classical IκBα pathway.