tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 31-1998
Authors: Robert H. Cleveland, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Presentation of CaseAn eight-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of a history of respiratory problems and evidence of bronchiectasis.The boy had been well until three months before admission, when he was seen by a physician because of a cough and low-grade fever. Chest radiographs (Figure 1) showed densely opacified right lower and middle lobes, which were sharply marginated, associated with volume loss and areas of bronchiectasis. There was an area of poorly defined opacification in the left lower lobe. An antibiotic was prescribed, but repeated radiographs remained abnormal. Two months before admission, a computed tomographic (CT) . . .
Diuretic Therapy for Hypertension and the Risk of Primary Cardiac Arrest
Authors: David S. Siscovick, T.E. Raghunathan, Bruce M. Psaty, Thomas D. Koepsell, Kristine G. Wicklund, Xihong Lin, Leonard Cobb, Pentti M. Rautaharju, Michael K. Copass, Edward H. Wagner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The results of trials of the primary prevention of coronary heart disease have suggested that treating hypertension with high doses of thiazide diuretic drugs might increase the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes. In contrast, treatment with low doses of thiazide reduces the risk of coronary heart disease.
Role Of Stromal Cell-Mediated Notch Signaling In Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Giulio Bassi, Paul Takam Kamga, Armel Nwabo Kamdje, Roberta Stradoni, Giorgio Malpeli, Eliana Amati, Ilaria Nichele, Roberta Carusone, Jasmina Zanoncello, Giovanni Pizzolo, Mauro Krampera
Journal: Blood (2013)
P17 Clinical utility of the tuberculosis Interferon Gamma Test (IGT) in a low incidence area
Authors: J. T. Donovan, A. Yogendran, I. D. Ramsay, C. Giles, R. W. Lee, A. T. Scourfield, S. R. Doffman
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The clinical utility and cost effectiveness of IGT in low prevalence areas of TB remains unclear. In some clinical settings it has been used to exclude active disease. We describe the experience of IGT in a teaching hospital in a low prevalence area (13/100 000). <h3>Methods</h3> We identified individuals who had undergone IGT for any indication from 01 January 2010 to 30 June 2011. Case notes and electronic records were reviewed retrospectively to identify baseline demographics, indications for testing and outcomes where a positive result was identified. Healthcare workers, contacts of TB and new entrants were all screened for latent TB infection (LTBI) with tuberculin skin test and if positive, IGT (as per NICE, 2006). Those on immunosuppressant therapy had IGT alone if a risk factor was identified. In May 2011, there was a change in local contract from QuantiFERON<sup>®</sup> TB-Gold In-Tube (QFT), Cellestis International, Australia to T Spot-TB<sup>®</sup> (TSp) Oxford Immunotec, Abingdon, UK. <h3>Results</h3> 179 cases were identified, 75 (42%) cases had TSp performed and 104 (58%) cases with QFT. There were 5 (3%) indeterminate results (QFT: 4 [4%]; T Spot-TB: 1 [1%]). Two TSp tests could not be processed as there were insufficient white cells (both haemato-oncology patients). Median age was 40 years (IQR 25–60), the majority were from Europe 135 (75%). Other ethnicities included African 17 (9%), South East Asian 14 (8%), Western Pacific 5 (3%), Eastern Mediterranean 4 (2%) and the Americas 4 (2%). 108 (60%) cases were performed to exclude latent TB infection and 71 (40%) to exclude active TB (see Abstract P17 table 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In a low incidence population, approximately one third of new UK entrants, contacts and health-care workers were diagnosed with latent TB, 56% of whom received chemoprophylaxis. The role of IGT to screen for active disease is unclear and requires further investigation. However, it may be of use in patients with uveitis/choroiditis. In those patients with a positive IGT, 80% went on to receive standard therapy for active TB, all of whom clinically improved. However, screening for LTBI was less cost effective for those undergoing biological therapy with only one positive (2%) result.
AB0787 Carotid artery plaques are associated with coronary atherosclerosis independent of several cardiovascular risk calculators in patients with inflammatory joint diseases (ijd)
Authors: S. Rollefstad, E. Ikdahl, I. C. Olsen, T. K. Kvien, A. S. Eirheim, T. R. Pedersen, A. G. Semb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and carotid plaques (CPs) have been shown to have an increased risk of future acute coronary syndrome. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate if CPs was associated with coronary atherosclerosis (CA) in patients with IJD. <h3>Methods</h3> In a preventive cardio-rheuma clinic 157 patients with IJD were referred for CV risk evaluation. Traditional CV risk factors were recorded. All patients underwent B-Mode ultrasound of the carotid arteries for evaluation of CPs and multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography for evaluation of CA. <h3>Results</h3> The presence of CPs was also comparable across the various IJD [RA, n= 76 (77.6%), AS: 36 (85.7%), PsA 15 (88.2%), p=0.38]. In logistic regression analyses CPs was significantly associated with CA (Table) independent of the 3 CV risk calculators: SCORE, Framingham and Reynolds. When number of CPs was added in the models (Table), this associations was further increased. There was no significant difference between the 3 IJD groups. <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> CPs was associated with CA independent of CV risk calculators and can therefore be regarded as CV disease in patients with IJD. This observation has clinical implications in CV risk evaluation and prevention. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Coupled Ion and Fluid Transport in the Kidney
Authors: Gerhard Giebisch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

THE ability of the kidney to transfer electrolytes and water across the tubular epithelium has a key role in the regulation of body fluids. As large amounts of extracellular fluid are filtered continuously by the glomerulus, the constancy in the composition of the body fluids depends critically on the reabsorption of all but a small portion of the filtered load of electrolyte and water. In addition, parts of the nephron help control body-fluid composition by the net addition of specific ions to the tubular fluid — i.e., by secretory transport operations.Many tubular reabsorptive and secretory transport processes are functionally . . .
P1-12-16: HER-2 Testing and Treatment – Is Age a Factor?
Authors: JK Singh, K Ewing, S Howell, M Howe, A Cramer, NJ Bundred
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aims: Elderly breast cancer patients have a poorer prognosis due to late diagnosis and sub-optimal treatment. In the UK, HER-2 testing was introduced in 2005 and we sought to determine whether HER-2 testing was performed on patients of all ages and whether HER-2 positive patients of all ages subsequently received Herceptin, from implementation in 2005 until 2008. Methods: Review of all newly diagnosed breast cancers in women over 50 in our Unit between January 2005 and December 2008 was performed. Cases were identified from the hospital pathology electronic database. Patients were considered HER-2 positive if tissue sections scored 3+ on immunohistochemical analysis (intense membranous staining) or if gene amplification was detected using fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH). Patients were eligible for treatment with Herceptin if the tumour exceeded 1cm in size or if they had lymph-node positive disease, per UK guidelines. Herceptin treatment was determined for all patients. Results: In total 703 patients with a median age of 68 years (range 56 to 98) were identified and 628 (89.3%) underwent definitive surgery (mastectomies: 246; wide local excisions: 382) and axillary surgery. In total 371 patients (52.8%) underwent HER-2 testing by immunohistochemistry or FISH. HER-2 tests performed by year: 2005 (51/131; 38.9%); 2006 (59/187; 31.6%); 2007 (71/189; 37.6%) and 2008 (190/196; 96.9%). Fifty six patients (15.1%) were HER-2 positive by immunohistochemistry or FISH. Median age of HER2 positive patients was 66 years (range 57 to 98); median age of HER2 negative patients was 68 years (range 56 to 96). Forty four HER-2 positive patients (78.6%) were eligible for treatment with Herceptin; of these 28 patients (63.6%) were treated with Herceptin. HER2 testing, treatment with Herceptin and overall 5-year mortality rate for patients between 50 to 69 years and patients aged 70 years or older is summarised in Table1. Twenty percent of patients aged between 50 to 69 years and 71.4% of patients aged 70 years or older eligible for Herceptin were not treated. Reasons for non-treatment included: multiple co-morbidities (4); treatment declined by oncologists (1); no referral to oncologists (1); death prior to treatment (2) and unknown (8). Median follow up time was 43.3 months (range 0.2 to 73.8). All cause mortality was higher in the over 70 year old breast cancer group (Log Rank Test p=0.001) regardless of HER-2 status. Conclusions: National introduction of routine HER-2 testing for all newly diagnosed breast cancers led to a testing rate increase to almost 97%. Despite this only 63.6% of HER-2 positive patients eligible for treatment with Herceptin received it. Patients aged 70 years or older were less likely to receive Herceptin due to multiple factors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-16.
Abstract 2359: Regulation of cytoskeleton organization by sphingosine in a mouse cell model of ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Amy L. Creekmore, Eva M. Schmelz, P. C. Roberts
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women mainly because of late detection of the disease due the lack of symptoms and reliable biomarkers. Approximately 90% of ovarian cancers are derived from the surface epithelium of the ovary. To further investigate the events that lead to progression of epithelial ovarian cancer, we previously developed a cell model of ovarian cancer. Mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cells that have undergone spontaneous transformation in cell culture were categorized into distinct morphological and phenotypical stages based on passage history: early passage cells (MOSE-E) represent a pre-neoplastic, non-tumorigenic phenotype whereas late passage cells (MOSE-L) exhibit a highly aggressive malignant phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. In depth studies of genetic changes during MOSE cell progression in our labs have identified the cytoskeleton and its regulatory genes as critical early progression events. These changes in gene expression led to an increasingly dysregulated cytoskeleton which may affect the intracellular localization of signaling intermediates, and, thereby, important downstream signaling events involved in cancer progression. Sphingosine (SO), a bioactive metabolite of complex sphingolipids, has been shown to have chemopreventive activity against cancer, including cancer of the colon, breast and ovarian. In the present study, we have investigated the hypothesis that SO prevents or reverses the observed aberrant cytoskeleton organization, and thereby affects the cells metastatic potential. In MOSE-L cells, SO treatment did not significantly influence the gene expression or protein levels of several cytoskeleton components or regulatory proteins. However, immunostaining of SO-treated MOSE-L cells revealed a reversal of the aberrant cytoskeleton organization and mislocalization of regulatory proteins, many of which are associated with cell migration. This corresponds to observations that SO reduces cell motility in MOSE cells. Our data indicates that cytoskeleton re-organization induced by exogenous SO treatment may be involved in the regulation of signaling pathways that reduce proliferation, migration and invasion of the MOSE cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2359. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2359
SP0035 Doctor I Have Cold Hands and Skin Lesions! What Can I Do?
Authors: A. Sulli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> Cold hands may be the clinical presentation of Raynaud phenomenon (RP). RP may represents a benign condition (primary RP) often observed in healthy subjects, especially women, due to an exaggerated response to the physiological cold-induced vasospasm. However, it may be associated (secondary RP) with several clinical conditions, including connective tissue diseases. In particular, systemic sclerosis (SSc) has RP as its first clinical manifestation (1-2). Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is a safe and reliable method to study peripheral microcirculation and its early morphological changes, especially during the transition from primary to secondary RP, as well as antinuclear antibodies are one of the laboratory examinations of choice to investigate this clinical condition (3-5). EULAR/ACR criteria are recently been proposed to classify SSc (6). A correct early diagnosis of the RP is the basis of effective treatment and follow-up of these patients, in order to predict and prevent major clinical complications (1,2,5,6). The clinical case of a woman complaining of cold hands and, two years later, sclerodactily will be presented and discussed. <h3>References</h3> Herrick AL. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012; 8:469-79. Cutolo M et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013; 52:1933-40. Cutolo M et al. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010; 6:578-87. Maverakis E et al. J Autoimmun. 2014; 48-49:60-5. Bellando-Randone S et al. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2012; 122S1:18-23. van den Hoogen F et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1747-55. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6328
P499The effects of aging on pathologic left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction depend critically on the underlying pathology
Authors: M De Boer, ED Van Deel, NM Boontje, J Van Der Velden, JHJ Hoeijmakers, DJ Duncker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: The prevalence of heart failure is increasing due to improved survival of cardiovascular disease in an aging population. Interestingly, the normal aging heart already undergoes structural and functional alterations which are reminiscent to the changes observed in the failing heart. These alterations may increase the vulnerability of the aging heart to develop heart failure. Consequently, we studied the effect of aging on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction in response to mechanical overload.

Methods: Mice were subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or myocardial infarction (MI) at 3, 12 or 24 months of age. Eight weeks after TAC or MI, LV geometry and function were measured and isometric force determined in single permeabilized cardiomyocytes.

Results: Aging mildly affected LV function in sham operated animals, demonstrated by increases in LV weight (26%) and end-diastolic lumen diameter (8%) and by decreases in LV dP/dt at 40 mmHg (dP/dtP40) (19%) and in dP/dtmin (27%) in 24 vs. 3 mo old mice (all p<0.05). TAC and MI produced LV hypertrophy, LV dysfunction and backward failure in all age groups. Interestingly, the % change in LV weight compared to sham during age in both models was diminished (TAC: 90% to 58% MI: 33% to 5%, resp. 3 to 24 mo). The blunted TAC-induced LV hypertrophy was associated with aggravated LV dysfunction, demonstrated by a further decrease in LV dP/dtP40 (33%) and dP/dtmin (32%) and increases in lung fluid and RV weight (28%) in the 24 vs. 3 mo old mice (all p<0.05). In contrast, the blunted MI-induced LV hypertrophy was associated with a trend towards ameliorated LV diastolic dysfunction, demonstrated by decreases in tau (8%) and LV end diastolic pressure (45%) in 24 vs. 3 mo old mice. Furthermore, the survival rate in the 12 and 24 mo old mice was higher compared to the 3 mo old mice. This was contrary to the survival rate in the TAC-operated mice. The TAC-induced LV dysfunction at the age of 3 mo was accompanied by 51% elevated cardiomyocyte maximal force development (Fmax) whereas the MI-induced LV dysfunction was accompanied by 34% reduced Fmax (all p<0.05). Conversely, passive isometric myofilament force (Fpas) was markedly elevated in TAC (157%) but unchanged in MI. Aging resulted in reduction of Fmax and Fpas in TAC to baseline sham levels which were not altered in MI.

Conclusion: These observations indicated that the effects of aging on the cardiac response to hemodynamic overload depend critically on the underlying pathology.
Abstract B25: DDB1 is a cell-nonautonomous tumor suppressor targeted by HBx in the liver
Authors: Sachie Yamaji, Mingjun Zhang, Jing Zhang, Elena Bibikova, Amanda J. Hodgson, Betty L. Slagle, Stephen P. Goff, Yong Cang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. A major aetiologic risk factor for HCC is chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which encodes a small regulatory x protein (HBx) critical for HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. How HBx contributes to HCC is not clear, but is likely dependent on its association with host factors to activate transcription and regulate mitogenic pathways. Here we demonstrate that deletion of one such HBx-interacting protein, the Damaged DNA Binding Protein 1 (DDB1), in liver parenchymal hepatocytes leads to development of HCC in mice, after prolonged inflammation resulting from continuous loss of DDB1-deficient hepatocytes and regeneration of DDB1-proficient hepatocytes. Expression of HBx in this regenerating liver impairs the proliferation of regenerated DDB1-proficient hepatocytes, and significantly accelerates the onset of tumorigenesis. Surprisingly, tumors arising from these animals are made up of cancer cells displaying no disruption of the DDB1 gene. This cell-nonautonomous function of DDB1 inactivation in HCC initiation can be further enhanced by deletion of the tumor suppressor p53 or administration of chemical carcinogen. Our results indicate that cancer initiating mutations are not necessarily present in cancer initiating cells, but can be exploited by oncogenic signals such as HBx expression and p53 mutation to promote cancer progression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B25.
INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF STENT EDGE MEDIAL DISRUPTION: AN IN VIVO OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Tsunenari Soeda, Seung-Jung Park, Yangsoo Jang, Stephen Lee, Kyoichi Mizuno, Tomonori Itoh, Jack Tan Wei Chieh, Hang Lee, Haibo Jia, Bo Yu, Shiro Uemura, Yoshihiko Saito, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Neurologic Manifestations of Chronic Pulmonary Insufficiency
Authors: Frank K. Austen, Miriam W. Carmichael, Raymond D. Adams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE clinical manifestations of chronic pulmonary insufficiency have been the subject of many articles in recent years. It has been shown that any one of a number of different chronic pulmonary diseases may give rise to a syndrome consisting of dyspnea, cyanosis, heart failure, polycythemia, papilledema and coma. The pulmonary insufficiency, by producing both hypoxia and hypercapnia, is responsible for the polycythemia, cardiac failure and derangement of the central nervous system.Of these diverse clinical manifestations those relating to the nervous system are the least well described. Cameron1 first noted the presence of papilledema in a patient with emphysema, and . . .
Screening for the Prevalence of EGFR and Alk Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients in the Levant Area, a Prospective Analysis
Authors: A. Tfayli, M. Khalil, A. Mina, H. Rafei, N. Fakhreddin, R. Mahfouz, F. Farhat, S. Hamouri, H. Dbouk, G. Zaatari
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
P463Fractional flow reserve guided percutaneous coronary intervention; does long term data support its efficacy (a real world single centre experience in consecutive patients)
Authors: A Khan, C Low, J Almarzouqi, D Foley
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) is a guide wire-based procedure that can accurately measure flow through a specific part of the coronary artery by placing a pressure guidewire across the lesion and pharmacologically induced hyperaemia.The aim of our study was to determine the long term clinical cardiovascular outcome, of patients who underwent FFR guided percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Data of 132 consecutive patients (mean age ± 1 SD, 69 ± 8.4 years) who underwent FFR between January 2004 and Dec 2009. Data was obtained from the cardiac catheterization lab, PACS radiology system and the hospital medical notes. Demographics, diagnosis on admission, co-morbidities such as DM, HTN, CCF, smoking status, cholesterol level, diseased arteries, number of revascularizations,treated and untreated disease were documented. All patients demonstrated a native coronary lesion of intermediate severity (stenosis diameter, 50 to 70%) on coronary angiography. Positive FFR was defined as ≤ 0.80. Results: 58 patients had a positive FFR study, out of which, 57(98%) underwent percutaneous revascularization, whereas, 74 patients had negative FFR studies and were managed medically.In the 7 year followup, 4 /58 patients (6.8%) had an acute coronary event in the positive FFR group while 3/74 (4.0%) had an acute coronary event in the negative FFR group and 1 patient (1.3%) required a repeat procedure.There was no significant difference between smoking status,DM,hypertension or Cholesterol status.Multivariate analysis of data is ongoing ms. Conclusions: FFR assessment is an accurate diagnostic tool for determining the prognostic significance of an intermediate coronary lesion. FFR ≤ 0.80was associated with an increased occurrence of cardiac events during long-term follow-up. FFR ≥0.80 in patients with single or multivessel coronary artery disease was associated with reduced rate of composite end point of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization at 7 years.