tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2534: Sequenced combinations of platinum drugs and phytochemicals towards overcoming drug resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Safiah I. Althurwi, Jun Qing Yu, Philip Beale, Charles Chan, Fazlul Huq
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background and aims Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy remains a major obstacle in the treatment against human ovarian cancer. In this study, binary combinations of platinum compounds: cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin with phytochemicals: artemisinin, thymoquinone, curcumin, lupeol and oleanolic acid have been applied to human ovarian cancer cell lines: A2780, A2780cisR, and A2780ZD0473R using three different sequences of administration (0/0h, 0/4h and 4/0h) where 0/0h means both the drugs added at the same time, 0/4h means platinum added first followed phytochemical 4 h later and 4/0h means the converse. Methods Cytotoxicity was determined based on MTT reduction MTT assay. Median effect analysis was done to characterize combined drug action and combination Index (CI) was used as a measure of synergism or antagonism whereas cellular accumulation of platinum, platinum to DNA binding levels and proteomic studies were done to provide insight into drug resistance and synergism from combined drug action. Results The combinations of platinum and the phytochemicals produced sequence- and concentration-dependent synergism in the ovarian tumour models. The degree of synergism was greater in the resistant cell lines than the parent cell line. It was found that combination with phytochemicals also increased intracellular accumulation of platinum and the level of platinum binding with DNA. Proteomic study identified a number of proteins believed to be associated with cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells A2780 and A2780cisR. The expression of the proteins were either down- or up-regulated in A2780cisR cell line as compared to A2780 cell line but fully or partially restored after treatment with synergistic combinations. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that appropriately sequenced combinations of platinum drugs and phytochemicals can provide a means of overcoming drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Safiah I. Althurwi, Jun Qing Yu,, Philip Beale, Charles Chan, Fazlul Huq. Sequenced combinations of platinum drugs and phytochemicals towards overcoming drug resistance in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2534. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2534
Focally Increased FDG Activity in the Liver Related to Hydropic Degeneration
Authors: Meixin Zhao, Weifang Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 50-year-old man, who had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the neck and just finished 4 cycles of chemotherapy, presented to our department to evaluate the status of the disease. FDG PET/CT revealed a focally increased activity in the right lobe of the liver. However, pathological examination showed hepatocyte hydropic degeneration with associated inflammatory cells without evidence of malignancy.
Childhood Blood Lead Levels and Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Cross-Sectional Study of Mexican Children
Authors: Siying Huang, Howard Hu, Brisa N Sánchez, Karen E. Peterson, Adrienne S. Ettinger, Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa, Lourdes Schnaas, Adriana Mercado-García, Robert O. Wright, Niladri Basu, David E. Cantonwine, Mauricio Hernández-Avila, Martha María Téllez-Rojo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Background:Previous studies suggest that blood lead levels are positively associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD-symptoms in children. However, the associations between lead exposure and ADHD subtypes are inconsistent and understudied.Objective:The objective of this study was to explore the association of low-level concurrent lead exposure with subtypes of ADHD symptoms in 578 Mexican children 6–13 years of age.Methods:We measured concurrent blood lead levels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). We administered the Conners' Rating Scales-Revised (CRS-R) to mothers to evaluate their children's ADHD symptoms. We used imputation to fill missing values in blood lead levels and used segmented regression models adjusted for relevant covariates to model the nonlinear relationship between blood lead and ADHD symptoms.Results:Mean ± SD blood lead levels were 3.4 ± 2.9 μg/dL. In adjusted models, a 1-μg/dL increase in blood lead was positively associated with Hyperactivity and Restless-Impulsivity scores on the CRS-R scale and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity scores on the CRS-R scale of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, but only in children with blood lead level ≤ 5 μg/dL. Blood lead was not associated with Inattentive symptoms or overall ADHD behavior.Conclusions:In this population of Mexican children, current blood lead level among children with low exposure (≤ 5 μg/dL) was positively associated with hyperactive/impulsive behaviors, but not with inattentiveness. These results add to the existing evidence of lead-associated neurodevelopmental deficits at low levels of exposure.Citation:Huang S, Hu H, Sánchez BN, Peterson KE, Ettinger AS, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Schnaas L, Mercado-García A, Wright RO, Basu N, Cantonwine DE, Hernández-Avila M, Téllez-Rojo MM. 2016. Childhood blood lead levels and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a cross-sectional study of Mexican children. Environ Health Perspect 124:868–874; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510067
Doctors’ group urges Congress to lift ban on gun violence research
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

More than 5000 doctors have signed a petition asking the US Congress to lift a 20 year ban preventing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from conducting research into gun violence.

“Scientific data have saved lives from motor vehicle accidents, sudden infant death syndrome, lead poisoning, and countless other threats to people’s health,” the petition notes, yet the government has remained wilfully ignorant about the epidemiology of gun violence since 1996, when the Dickey Amendment stipulated that “none of the funds made available for injury prevention and control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may be used to advocate or promote gun control.”

The ban grew out of a seminal 1993 research paper, published in the New England Journal of Medicine , which measured gun ownership as a risk factor for homicide in the home.1 The article received widespread media …
The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: A Primer for Users
Authors: Rodger J. Winn, Joan McClure
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2003)

Guidelines are becoming increasingly important as potential tools in improving clinical decision making. Because oncology practice encompasses a large number of tumors and their variants and because each tumor is characterized by heterogeneous presentations and clinical evolutions, an oncology guidelines program must be large in scope. Oncology practice is slowly moving toward evidence-based status, but guideline developers still must rely on less than perfect information to achieve this scope. By formalizing the consensus process, the NCCN program relies on the expertise of a broad range of cancer specialists to interpret the major clinical studies and apply their evaluative skills in assessing the relevance of these studies to clinical practice. In areas in which data are meager or contradictory, these experts are still charged with making recommendations if they believe their collective clinical experience points to a reasonable approach to disease management. It follows, therefore, that guidelines represent one of the most dynamic areas in medicine. The annual review process is designed to incorporate change as new evidence or innovative therapies become available. Therefore, the guidelines should be a true reflection of the state-of-the-art in oncology. The ultimate goal, as always, is improving care for the cancer patient.
Victorian Vampires Validated—The Similarities Between a Legendary Creature and a Dermatologic Pathology
Authors: Stephanie Mlacker, Vidhi V. Shah, Mohammad Alsaidan, Keyvan Nouri
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Design or Accident? The Natural History of Teenage Pregnancy
Authors: Clare Seamark
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

The UK has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy in Western Europe. A retrospective record-based study was conducted in an East Devon general practice to gain greater understanding of the outcome of first teenage pregnancy and subsequent reproductive history. The comparison group was women who had first conceived between the ages of 25 and 29 years. 149/673 women born between 1968 and 1977 became pregnant when teenagers. Of these, 70 (47%) had the baby, 67 (45%) had a termination and 10 (7%) had a spontaneous miscarriage; 2 others experienced fetal loss. Of the women aged 25-29 at first conception, 127 (92%) had the baby, 6 (4%) had a termination and 5 (4%) had a miscarriage. 40 (27%) of the teenage group went on to have a second teenage pregnancy, including 12 of the 67 who had their first pregnancy terminated. Although teenage pregnancy is often viewed as unplanned and unwanted, the reality is more complex. Among this group, many first pregnancies were desired. Even among those whose first pregnancy was terminated, 18% went on to have a baby while still a teenager.
Occupational Health Hazards of Working in the Interventional Laboratory
Authors: Nicholas M. Orme, Charanjit S. Rihal, Rajiv Gulati, David R. Holmes, Ryan J. Lennon, Bradley R. Lewis, Ian R. McPhail, Kent R. Thielen, Sorin V. Pislaru, Gurpreet S. Sandhu, Mandeep Singh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
IgG Subclass Specificity Discriminates Restricted IgM Rheumatoid Factor Responses From More Mature Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Associated or Isotype-Switched IgA Responses
Authors: Willem J. J. Falkenburg, Dirkjan van Schaardenburg, Pleuni Ooijevaar‐de Heer, Gertjan Wolbink, Theo Rispens
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective To investigate the presence and patterns of specific IgG subclass recognition by IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM‐RF) and IgA‐RF with a newly developed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which can discriminate between polyspecific and restricted RF responses. Methods Polyspecific and restricted RF responses were determined with our ELISA, which uses individually coated recombinant IgG subclasses instead of polyclonal IgG as target antibodies. Fine specificity was determined using target antibodies with single amino acid mutations in the Fc region. Results In a screening panel of 93 sera that were previously found to be IgM‐RF positive in a conventional RF assay, we were able to discriminate between sera with polyspecific IgM‐RF responses (i.e., RF responses directed against all 4 IgG subclasses) and those with restricted IgM‐RF responses, with low or absent relative reactivity against IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4. We found the largest variation for anti‐IgG3 reactivity. Samples without detectable anti‐IgG4 reactivity formed an independent group from the other restricted RF responses and the polyspecific RF responses. The specificity of these anti‐IgG4–negative sera could be pinpointed to single amino acid differences between IgG1 and IgG4. Polyspecific RF responses more often showed signs of RF response maturation, with more isotype switching to IgA‐RF, as compared to restricted RF responses. In a cohort of IgM‐RF+ and/or anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)–positive arthralgia patients, we found restricted RF responses in 35% (49 of 140) of RF+/ACPA– patients, while RF+/ACPA+ patients, who have a much higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, virtually always (123 of 128 [96%]) showed a polyspecific RF response. Conclusion IgG subclass–specific RF distinguishes between immature restricted RF responses and potentially more pathogenic, ACPA‐associated polyspecific responses.
Prolactinoma
Authors: Janet A. Schlechte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 22-year-old woman who wants to become pregnant has had no menses since she discontinued the use of an oral contraceptive one year ago, and recently, galactorrhea developed. She takes no medications and has had no headaches, visual loss, dyspareunia, or decreased libido. A test for serum human chorionic gonadotropin is negative, the thyrotropin level is normal, and the serum prolactin level is 95 μg per liter. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals a mass, 3 mm in diameter, in the anterior lobe of the pituitary. How should she be treated?
PHLDA3 overexpression in hepatocytes by endoplasmic reticulum stress via IRE1–Xbp1s pathway expedites liver injury
Authors: Chang Yeob Han, Sang Woo Lim, Ja Hyun Koo, Won Kim, Sang Geon Kim
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in liver injury, but molecular determinants are largely unknown. This study investigated the role of pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member-3 (PHLDA3), in hepatocyte death caused by ER stress and the regulatory basis. <h3>Design</h3> Hepatic PHLDA3 expression was assessed in HCV patients with hepatitis and in several animal models with ER stress. Immunoblottings, PCR, reporter gene, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and mutation analyses were done to explore gene regulation. The functional effect of PHLDA3 on liver injury was validated using lentiviral delivery of shRNA. <h3>Results</h3> PHLDA3 was overexpressed in relation to hepatocyte injury in patients with acute liver failure or liver cirrhosis or in toxicant-treated mice. In HCV patients with liver injury, PHLDA3 was upregulated in parallel with the induction of ER stress marker. Treatment of mice with tunicamycin (Tm) (an ER stress inducer) increased PHLDA3 expression in the liver. X box-binding protein-1 (Xbp1) was newly identified as a transcription factor responsible for <i>PHLDA3</i> expression. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) (an upstream regulator of Xbp1) was required for PHLDA3 induction by Tm, whereas other pathways (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)) were not. PHLDA3 overexpression correlated with the severity of hepatocyte injury in animal or cell model of ER stress. In p53-deficient cells, ER stress inducers transactivated PHLDA3 with a decrease in cell viability. ER stress-induced hepatocyte death depended on serine/threonine protein kinase B (Akt) inhibition by PHLDA3. Lentiviral delivery of PHLDA3 shRNA to mice abrogated p-Akt inhibition in the liver by Tm, attenuating hepatocyte injury. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ER stress in hepatocytes induces PHLDA3 via IRE1–Xbp1s pathway, which facilitates liver injury by inhibiting Akt.
Intensive (2+5) Or Semi-Intensive (FLUGA) Chemotherapy For Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Who Are 70 Years Of Age Or Older
Authors: Pau Montesinos, David Martínez-Cuadrón, Esperanza Lavilla, Joaquín Díaz-Mediavilla, Pilar Herrera, García Raimundo, Juan Bergua, Pascual Fernandez, Maria Pedreño, Alfons Serrano, Lorenzo Algarra, Edelmira Martí, Chelo Rayón, Francisco Jaramillo, Manuel Perez-Encinas, Andrea Galego, Rosalía Riaza, Mª Pilar Martínez Sánchez, Adriana Simiele, Claudia Sossa, Rebeca Rodríguez-Veiga, José Luís Piñana, Miguel Sanz
Journal: Blood (2013)
Agricultural exposure and asthma in the AGRICAN French cohort
Authors: Isabelle Baldi, Celine Robert, Florence Piantoni, Severine Tual, Ghislaine Bouvier, Pierre Lebailly, Chantal Raherison
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of respiratory diseases in agricultural population, in another hand, a protective “farm-effect” has been reported for asthma in others studies. In a 10% sample of the AGRICAN cohort, self-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma was analyzed according to atopy and in relation with detailed information on farming (history of life-time exposure to 13 crops and 5 livestock), pesticide use and poisoning, and with living on a farm in first year of life. Analyses were adjusted on sex, age, educational level and body mass index (for non-atopic asthma). 1 246 asthmatics were identified in the sample (8.0%), with atopy in 505 subjects (3.3%) and without in 719 (4.6%). In multivariate analysis, atopic asthma was associated with exposure to vineyards (OR=1.43, p=0.002), fruit (OR=1.58, p=0.001), greenhouses (OR=1.66, p=0.02), grasslands (OR=1.35, p=0.009) and beets (OR=1.52, p=0.003). Pesticide use and history of pesticide poisoning were significantly associated with atopic asthma in grassland, vineyards and fruit-growing. Living on a farm in first year of life seems to be protective for childhood atopic asthma in farms with livestock (OR=0.72, p=0.07) but deleterious in farms with vineyards, fruit or vegetables (OR=1.44, p=0.07).  In the AGRICAN cohort, farm exposure, including crop exposure, pesticide use and early life on a farm, were associated with atopic asthma especially in wine-growing, grassland, fruit and vegetable growing.
Toward Individualization in Medical Education
Authors: Michael A. Barone, Robert A. Dudas
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome testing: a minimalist approach
Authors: Matthew Hislop, Mark E Batt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Intracompartmental pressure testing is considered the ‘gold standard’ for investigating chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) and is the primary investigation used to decide on whether to proceed with surgical intervention. It involves getting patients to reproduce their symptoms of exercise-related pain,1 and then inserting a pressure manometer into the symptomatic compartment and recording the intracompartmental pressure. To date, a universal protocol has not been adopted for compartment pressure testing and much debate exists as to the ‘right way to do it’.

The physiology of compartment pressure measurements is complex and spurious compartment pressure measurements are likely to result unless the water manometer or pressure transducer is inserted in parallel to muscle fibres and away from the musculotendinous junction.2 Thus, the anterior compartment alone lends itself easily to measurement. Normative values for resting and exercise pressures for each of the four lower leg muscle …
Cardio-Oncology
Authors: Andrew M. Bellinger, Carlos L. Arteaga, Thomas Force, Benjamin D. Humphreys, George D. Demetri, Brian J. Druker, Javid J. Moslehi
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Cardio-oncology (the cardiovascular care of cancer patients) has developed as a new translational and clinical field based on the expanding repertoire of mechanism-based cancer therapies. Although these therapies have changed the natural course of many cancers, several may also lead to cardiovascular complications. Many new anticancer drugs approved over the past decade are "targeted" kinase inhibitors that interfere with intracellular signaling contributing to tumor progression. Unexpected cardiovascular and cardiometabolic effects of patient treatment with these inhibitors have provided unique insights into the role of kinases in human cardiovascular biology. Today, an ever-expanding number of cancer therapies targeting novel kinases and other specific cellular and metabolic pathways are being developed and tested in oncology clinical trials. Some of these drugs may affect the cardiovascular system in detrimental ways and others perhaps in beneficial ways. We propose that the numerous ongoing oncology clinical trials are an opportunity for closer collaboration between cardiologists and oncologists to study the cardiovascular and cardiometabolic changes caused by the modulation of these pathways in patients. In this regard, cardio-oncology represents an opportunity and a novel platform for basic and translational investigation and can serve as a potential avenue for optimization of anticancer therapies and for cardiovascular research and drug discovery.
International Adaptation and Use of NCCN Guidelines
Authors: Ali Bazarbachi, Andrew D. Zelenetz
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) describe a continuum of cancer care in the United States, from initial diagnosis through treatment and referral to hospice beyond treatment. However, in many other countries, there are no regional or national clinical practice guidelines. In 2008, the NCCN-MENA (Middle East and North Africa) project was launched to adapt the NCCN Guidelines to this part of the world. During their joint presentation at the NCCN 19th Annual Conference, Dr. Ali Bazarbachi and Dr. Andrew D. Zelenetz explored the modification process of NCCN Guidelines for MENA and shared examples of how it improved the care of patients with adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma and younger patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma—regardless of where they live.
Hepatitis delta virus facilitates the selection of hepatitis B virus mutants in vivo and functionally impacts on their replicative capacity in vitro
Authors: E. Shirvani-Dastgerdi, M.R. Pourkarim, U. Herbers, S. Amini-Bavil-Olyaee, E. Yagmur, S.M. Alavian, C. Trautwein, F. Tacke
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)