tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
No Evidence that MicroRNAs Coevolve with Genes Located in Copy Number Regions
Authors: Richard Jovelin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a widespread class of regulatory noncoding RNAs with key roles in physiology and development, conferring robustness to noise in regulatory networks. Consistent with this buffering function, it was recently suggested that human miRNAs coevolve with genes in copy number regions (copy number variation [CNV] genes) to reduce dosage imbalance. Here, I compare miRNA regulation between CNV and non-CNV genes in four model organisms. miRNA regulation of CNV genes is elevated in human and fly but reduced in nematode and zebrafish. By analyzing 31 human CNV data sets, careful analysis of human and chimpanzee orthologs, resampling genes within species and comparing structural variant types, I show that the apparent coevolution between CNV genes and miRNAs is due to the strong dependency between 3′-untranslated region length and miRNA target prediction. Deciphering the interplay between CNVs and miRNAs will likely require a deeper understanding of how miRNAs are embedded in regulatory circuits.
Benefits and Risks of the Combination of Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Patients Undergoing Surgical Revascularization for Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Keith A.A. Fox, Shamir R. Mehta, Ron Peters, Feng Zhao, Nasser Lakkis, Bernard J. Gersh, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Antiplatelet therapy and antithrombin therapy have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of cardiac events in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome, yet all effective therapies also increase the risk of bleeding. Methods and Results— In the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent ischemic Events (CURE) trial, 12 562 patients were randomized to clopidogrel or placebo in addition to aspirin, and the primary outcome was cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke. The benefits were consistent among those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) [9.6% for clopidogrel, 13.2% for placebo; relative risk (RR), 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.90], coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery (14.5% for clopidogrel 16.2% for placebo; RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.11), and medical therapy only (8.1% for clopidogrel, 10.0% for placebo; RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.92; test for interaction among strata, 0.53). For CABG during the initial hospitalization (530 for placebo, 485 for clopidogrel), the frequency of CV death, MI or stroke before CABG was 4.7% for placebo and 2.9% for clopidogrel (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.08). For the entire study, there was a 1% excess of major bleeding but no significant excess of life-threatening bleeding. Among patients undergoing CABG, the rates of life-threatening bleeding were 5.6% for clopidogrel and 4.2% for placebo (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.95; both nonsignificant). Conclusions— The benefits versus risks of early and long-term clopidogrel therapy (freedom from CV death, MI, stroke, or life-threatening bleeding) are similar in those undergoing revascularization (CABG or PCI) and in the study population as a whole. Overall, the benefits of starting clopidogrel on admission appear to outweigh the risks, even among those who proceed to CABG during the initial hospitalization.
A prospective randomised study of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299V on indices of gut barrier function in elective surgical patients
Authors: C E McNaught, N P Woodcock, J MacFie, C J Mitchell
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background:</b> Bacterial translocation occurs in surgical patients and may predispose to postoperative septic morbidity. Many factors are thought to influence the prevalence of bacterial translocation, one of which is the composition of the gut microflora. The aim of this prospective and randomised study was to assess the effect of the probiotic <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> 299v on the incidence of bacterial translocation, gastric colonisation, and septic complications in elective surgical patients. <b>Methods:</b> Patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery were randomised to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received an oral preparation containing <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> 299v (<i>Proviva</i>) for at least one week preoperatively and also in the postoperative period. Bacterial translocation was determined by culture of a mesenteric lymph node and serosal scraping obtained at laparotomy. Gastric colonisation was assessed by microbiological culture of nasogastric aspirates. All postoperative septic complications were recorded. <b>Results:</b> A total of 129 patients completed the study (probiotic group n=64). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of bacterial translocation (12% <i>v</i> 12%; p=0.82), gastric colonisation with enteric organisms (11% <i>v</i> 17%; p=0.42), or septic morbidity (13% <i>v</i> 15%; p=0.74). <b>Conclusions:</b> Administration of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> 299v in elective surgical patients does not influence the rate of bacterial translocation, gastric colonisation, or incidence of postoperative septic morbidity.
Somatic Activation of KIT in Distinct Subtypes of Melanoma
Authors: John A. Curtin, Klaus Busam, Daniel Pinkel, Boris C. Bastian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Melanomas on mucosal membranes, acral skin (soles, palms, and nail bed), and skin with chronic sun-induced damage have infrequent mutations in BRAF and NRAS, genes within the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway commonly mutated in melanomas on intermittently sun-exposed skin. This raises the question of whether other aberrations are occurring in the MAP kinase cascade in the melanoma types with infrequent mutations of BRAF and NRAS.We analyzed array comparative genomic hybridization data from 102 primary melanomas (38 from mucosa, 28 from acral skin, and 18 from skin with and 18 from skin without chronic sun-induced damage) for DNA copy number aberrations specific to melanoma subtypes where mutations in BRAF and NRAS are infrequent. A narrow amplification on 4q12 was found, and candidate genes within it were analyzed.Oncogenic mutations in KIT were found in three of seven tumors with amplifications. Examination of all 102 primary melanomas found mutations and/or copy number increases of KIT in 39% of mucosal, 36% of acral, and 28% of melanomas on chronically sun-damaged skin, but not in any (0%) melanomas on skin without chronic sun damage. Seventy-nine percent of tumors with mutations and 53% of tumors with multiple copies of KIT demonstrated increased KIT protein levels.KIT is an important oncogene in melanoma. Because the majority of the KIT mutations we found in melanoma also occur in imatinib-responsive cancers of other types, imatinib may offer an immediate therapeutic benefit for a significant proportion of the global melanoma burden.
Incidence of tuberculosis: The application of capture-recapture method to compare two sources of information
Authors: Francisco Muñiz, María López, Noelia Carracedo, Sara Raposo, Piedad Rivas, Silvia Garcia, Jose Guerra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: the true incidence of tuberculosis is higher than that in national and international records. Underreporting is estimated to vary between 7% and 27% according to studies. Objective: estimate the rate of tuberculosis in an area of Leon for the years 2008 and 2009 using the capture-recapture method to compare two sources of information: tuberculostatic drugs prescribed (rifampicin-isoniazid association) and the register of the regional epidemiological surveillance system (SIVE). Method: retrospective descriptive study in an area of 351,086 inhabitants of the cases of tuberculosis using as source:(i), information on tuberculostatic drugs prescribed, and (ii), the SIVE register. We calculated incidence rates for each source by the capture-recapture method. We analyzed epidemiological and demographic data, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Results: the incidence obtained in 2008 using the SIVE data was 18,80x100000 and the rate using the pharmacy register was 26,77. In 2009, the SIVE data gave an estimate of 18,23 and the pharmacy register 22,50. When applied the capture-recapture method, the annual incidence for 2008 was 44,14 (95%CI 37,88 - 50,41) and for 2009 of 34,17 (95% CI 30,19-38,17). In each of the years studied the number of cases obtained from the pharmacy register was higher. Conclusions: the SIVE data on the incidence of tuberculosis in the study area underestimates the true incidence rate. The source of information that involves recording cases of tuberculosis in the community is underused. The capture-recapture method is a good alternative to measure the incidence of tuberculosis and to check the surveillance systems.
High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Myocardial Perfusion Imaging at 3.0-Tesla to Detect Hemodynamically Significant Coronary Stenoses as Determined by Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Timothy Lockie, Masaki Ishida, Divaka Perera, Amedeo Chiribiri, Kalpa De Silva, Sebastian Kozerke, Mike Marber, Eike Nagel, Reza Rezavi, Simon Redwood, Sven Plein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Opportunities for improving techniques for interspecies extrapolation in the risk assessment process.
Authors: J E Gibson, T B Starr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Quantitative estimates of human carcinogenic risk from chemical exposure are currently derived primarily from linearized multistage model analyses of the tumor response as observed in chronic laboratory animal bioassays versus administered dose. The numerous ad hoc assumptions that provide a rationale for this generic approach to carcinogenic risk assessment can only be evaluated critically when mechanistic data directly relevant to the low-dose and interspecies extrapolation problems are available. Clear needs exist to develop such ancillary data bases and the means for explicitly incorporating them into the risk estimation process. Target site dosimetry provides one useful organizing concept. Physiological response modeling can account systematically for interspecies variations in the distribution and disposition of chemicals in relation to external measures of exposure. Direct measurements of interactions of chemicals and their metabolites with specific target macromolecules can provide sensitive and biologically meaningful exposure indices. Alternatively, quantitation of toxic effects such as altered cell regulation and differentiation can serve the same purpose. Virus and oncogene activation, DNA damage and repair, and enhanced cell proliferation provide additional biological markers of exposure. They may also comprise critical elements of the carcinogenic process. Identification of the actual mechanisms involved should eventually lead to the development of risk assessment models that adequately reflect the unique biological and toxicological characteristics of different species-chemical combinations.
Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Load in Nasopharyngeal Brushings and Whole Blood in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients before and after Treatment
Authors: Marlinda Adham, Astrid E. Greijer, Sandra A.W.M. Verkuijlen, Hedy Juwana, Sabine Fleig, Lisnawati Rachmadi, Octavia Malik, A.N. Kurniawan, Averdi Roezin, Soehartati Gondhowiardjo, Djumhana Atmakusumah, Servi J.C. Stevens, Bambang Hermani, I. Bing Tan, Jaap M. Middeldorp
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is consistently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and highly prevalent in Indonesia. EBV-DNA load can be used for early diagnosis and may have prognostic value. In this study, EBV-DNA load was evaluated in minimal invasive nasopharyngeal (NP) brushings and whole blood for initial diagnosis and therapy assessment against the standard-of-care diagnosis by biopsy with EBV-RISH and standard EBV-IgA serology.NP brushings and blood samples were collected from 289 consecutive ENT patients suspected of NPCs and 53 local healthy controls. EBV-DNA load was quantified by real-time PCR and serology by peptide-based EBV-IgA ELISA. Tissue biopsies were examined by routine histochemistry and by EBER RNA in situ hybridization.Repeated NP brushing was well tolerated by patients and revealed high viral load in the 228 NPC cases at diagnosis than 61 non-NPC cancer cases and healthy controls (P < 0.001). The diagnostic value of EBV-DNA load in blood and EBV-IgA serology was inferior to the NP brush results. The level of EBV-DNA load in brushes of patients with NPC was not related to T, N, or M stage, whereas elevated EBV-DNA load in blood correlated with N and M stage. EBV-DNA levels in brushings and whole blood showed a significant reduction at 2 months after treatment (P = 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively), which was not reflected in EBV-IgA serology.NP brush sampling combined with EBV-DNA load analysis is a minimal invasive and well-tolerated diagnostic procedure, suited for initial diagnosis and follow-up monitoring of NPCs.
Acetate uptake by intestinal brush border membrane vesicles.
Authors: A J Watson, E A Brennan, M J Farthing, P D Fairclough
Journal: Gut (1991)

The mechanism of acetate absorption in the small intestine is not yet established. One possible mechanism is by carrier mediated Na(+)-acetate cotransport since acetate, like glucose, stimulates intestinal Na+ and water absorption in vivo. Uptake of radioactive carbon acetate by small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles was not saturable or Na+ dependent and did not respond to osmotic shrinkage of the vesicles. This suggests that acetate binds to the membranes but is not transported into the intravesicular space and argues against carrier mediated Na+ acetate cotransport. These results are consistent with acetate absorption by a non-mediated diffusion and suggest that the stimulation of water and Na+ absorption by acetate in vivo is largely due to osmotic forces and solvent drag.
Anatomy and Histology of the Mouth and Teeth.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of fingolimod with interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised extension of the TRANSFORMS study
Authors: Bhupendra Khatri, Frederik Barkhof, Giancarlo Comi, Hans-Peter Hartung, Ludwig Kappos, Xavier Montalban, Jean Pelletier, Tracy Stites, Stacy Wu, Fred Holdbrook, Lixin Zhang-Auberson, Gordon Francis, Jeffrey A Cohen
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2011)
Freeze fracture study of airway epithelium from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: C H Thai
Journal: Thorax (2002)

The airway cilia of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) exhibit several anomalies when studied by transmission electron microscopy, but little is known about the ultrastructural organisation of ciliary membranes in these patients. Freeze fracture replication of airway epithelium from patients with PCD provides a means of achieving high resolution views of cell membrane structure. Ciliary necklaces are a specialised structural feature of ciliary membranes thought to serve as a timing mechanism for ciliary beat, and their characterisation in the cilia of patients with PCD may contribute new insights into the pathophysiology of this syndrome.The nasal epithelium of three patients with PCD was freeze fractured and replicated with platinum and carbon shadowing. The resultant preparations were examined by transmission electron microscopy and the ciliary necklaces were compared with similar preparations of nasal biopsy specimens from normal healthy subjects.The ciliary necklaces of the three patients with PCD were normal with no overt differences from those of healthy individuals.The defective ciliary motility observed in patients with PCD does not appear to result from membrane dysfunction associated with overt disorganisation of ciliary necklace structure.
Wide genomic analysis of human endometrial receptivity: new times, new opportunities
Authors: J.A. Horcajadas, A. Pellicer, C. Simón
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2006)

Microarray technology has broadened the insight into many research fields allowing scientists to analyse the expression of many genes in quick and efficient experiments aimed at translating these findings into clinical applications. In reproductive medicine, researchers have exploited microarrays to increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in endometrial receptivity and how a possible therapeutic translation can be feasible. In the last 4 years, several studies have focused on the genomics of the human endometrium in different physiological and pathological conditions, and these studies have generated a large amount of information about the regulation and dysregulation of the window of implantation (WOI) genes in fertile, subfertile and refractory conditions. However, the key molecules/mechanisms in endometrial receptivity remain to be elucidated. In this comprehensive review, we have analysed the available results obtained in our own and other laboratories, defining the genomic profile of the receptive endometrium in different situations and its possible clinical application.
Targeted Disruption of the BCL9/β-Catenin Complex Inhibits Oncogenic Wnt Signaling
Authors: Kohichi Takada, Di Zhu, Gregory H. Bird, Kumar Sukhdeo, Jian-Jun Zhao, Mala Mani, Madeleine Lemieux, Daniel E. Carrasco, Jeremy Ryan, David Horst, Mariateresa Fulciniti, Nikhil C. Munshi, Wenqing Xu, Andrew L. Kung, Ramesh A. Shivdasani, Loren D. Walensky, Daniel Ruben Carrasco
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Blocking BCL9/β-catenin interaction with a stapled peptide inhibits Wnt-dependent transcription and suppresses growth and metastasis in colon cancer and multiple myeloma.
Maintenance of Venous Polyethylene Catheters to Reduce Risk of Infection
Authors: J. Arturo Corso
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To evaluate factors of potential importance in reducing the risk of infection secondary to use of venous polyethylene catheters, a prospective study was done to determine local and systemic infection rate associated with their use. During the study period, cultures were taken of all catheters removed and the patients were followed up for phlebitis or infection. Cultures were positive on 26 (5.2%) of 505 of the catheters removed. Staphylococcus albus was found on 16 of the 26 catheters and Staph aureus was found on 8 of the remaining 10. Two cases (0.4%) of catheter-induced bacteremia occurred, both with Staph aureus. The infection rate, defined by catheter cultures, was much lower than that reported in the only similar study known to be available. Adherence to a strict set of regulations for catheter maintenance was the most probable explanation for our comparatively low infection rate.
Effective removal of sea-urchin spines by erbium: YAG laser ablation
Authors: A. Boer, F.R. Ochsendorf, C. Beier, R. Kaufmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Effective removal of sea‐urchin spines by erbium: YAG laser ablation Get access A. Böer, A. Böer Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum der J.W.Goethe‐Universität, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, GermanyE‐mail: boer@em.uni‐frankfurt.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.R. Ochsendorf, F.R. Ochsendorf Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum der J.W.Goethe‐Universität, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, GermanyE‐mail: boer@em.uni‐frankfurt.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Beier, C. Beier Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum der J.W.Goethe‐Universität, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, GermanyE‐mail: boer@em.uni‐frankfurt.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Kaufmann R. Kaufmann Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum der J.W.Goethe‐Universität, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, GermanyE‐mail: boer@em.uni‐frankfurt.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 1, 1 July 2001, Pages 169–170, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04306.x Published: 01 July 2001
A Trial in Progress: Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Janet A. Rowan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The Metformin in Gestational Diabetes (MiG) trial is a prospective randomized multicenter trial in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) that is testing the hypothesis that metformin treatment, compared with insulin, is associated with similar perinatal outcomes, improved markers of insulin sensitivity in the mother and baby, and improved treatment acceptability. Women with GDM who are at 20–33 weeks’ gestation in a singleton pregnancy and meet entry criteria are randomized to insulin or metformin treatment. The primary outcome is a composite of neonatal morbidity, with 750 recruits required.

The trial finished recruiting in October 2006. Interim data on 200 women (and subsequently 550 women) have been reviewed by the data safety monitoring committee, which has reported that the trial should answer the hypotheses and no protocol changes are required. Data from 457 women show recruits are a mean age of 33.3 ± 5.3 years; BMI of 32.1 ± 7.8 kg/m2; and ethnicity 47.2% European/Caucasian, 25.7% Polynesian, and 24.3% Indian/Asian. The mean fasting glucose at recruitment is 5.3 ± 1.1 mmol/l and A1C is 5.7 ± 0.8%. Long-term follow-up of children started at age 2 years, with assessments of body composition, neurodevelopment, diet, and activity levels. The MiG trial will address the efficacy and detailed safety of metformin compared with insulin in women with GDM. Long-term follow-up of offspring will examine whether treatment influences later health (Australasian Clinical Trials Registry number 12605000311651).

GDM is diagnosed in over 4% of pregnant women (1,2). The prevalence is increasing as the pregnancy population becomes older and fatter. Women with GDM have increased rates of pregnancy complications and risks of later type 2 diabetes (1,2). The offspring of women with GDM also have increased risks of perinatal complications and long-term risks of obesity and type 2 diabetes (1– …
Apolipoprotein-E and hepatitis C lipoviral particles in genotype 1 infection: Evidence for an association with interferon sensitivity
Authors: David A. Sheridan, Simon H. Bridge, Daniel J. Felmlee, Mary M.E. Crossey, Howard C. Thomas, Simon D. Taylor-Robinson, Geoffrey L. Toms, R. Dermot G. Neely, Margaret F. Bassendine
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)