tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increasing Access to Abortion With Telemedicine
Authors: Elizabeth G. Raymond, Erica Chong, Paul Hyland
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Bettina Bankier, Andrew B Littman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Copper Intrauterine Devices and Tubal Infertility among Nulligravid WomenTo the Editor: Hubacher and colleagues (Aug.23 issue) 1 report that the use of copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) is not associated with an increased risk of tubal occlusion among nulligravid women.However, only 6 percent of the women in the study had used an IUD.Accordingly, the numbers used to test for an effect of the duration of IUD use, an extremely important aspect of the study, were even smaller.Only 44 women had used a copper IUD for more than one year, of whom only 8 had tubal occlusion.Nevertheless, the odds ratios for tubal occlusion show a moderate, nonsignificant trend of increasing risk with increasing duration of IUD use (up to 6 months, 0.8 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 1.8]; 7 to 12 months, 1.1 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 2.8]; and 13 months or more, 1.3 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.6 to 3.2]).The upper limits of these confidence intervals are consistent with a marked effect of longer duration of IUD use on tubal infertility.We believe that the authors' conclusion that contemporary copper IUDs are safe is unwarranted.In a study of women using IUDs, mostly devices containing copper, we reported no deleterious effect on fertility of short-term use (up to 42 months) but strong evidence of such an effect after longterm use (78 months or more). 2 The study by Hubacher et al. cannot rule out an adverse effect of these devices and should be interpreted with caution.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a nutritional assessment tool in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: C. A. Lammersfeld, D. Gupta, S. Dahlk, J. Burrows, S. Walker, P. G. Vashi, J. Grutsch, C. G. Lis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6121 Background: Malnutrition is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality in cancer. Serum albumin is one of the most commonly used single measures to assess nutritional status in clinical oncology. At our integrative treatment center, we use serum albumin in conjunction with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess nutritional status in cancer patients. BIA is a simple non-invasive technique to assess body composition, which provides an estimate of body cell mass. BIA however, has not been extensively validated in clinical cancer settings and little is known about the relationship between BIA and serum albumin. The goal of this study was to investigate if baseline body cell mass could provide useful information to detect malnutrition in advanced colorectal cancer. Methods: We evaluated a case series of 81 histologically confirmed stages III -IV colorectal cancer patients treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Midwestern Regional Medical Center between January 2000 and March 2003. Percent ideal body cell mass (IBCM) was calculated for each patient by dividing the actual body cell mass by the ideal body cell mass specific for gender, height and weight. The percent IBCM was divided into three mutually exclusive tertiles (below 102.3%, 102.3 to 109.7%, and above 109.7%). The mean scores of serum albumin were compared across the three categories of percent IBCM using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The correlation between percent IBCM and serum albumin was studied using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: We found a modest statistically significant positive correlation between percent IBCM and serum albumin (r = 0.24; p = 0.037). ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the mean values of serum albumin across the 3 percent IBCM categories; the higher the percent IBCM, the greater the serum albumin levels (p = 0.044). Conclusions: These results suggest that BIA could be a useful tool in assessing nutritional status in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Further studies need to focus on more extensive validation of this technique in the cancer treatment settings. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Relationship of Mammary Tumor Susceptibility, Mammary Cell-Mediated Mutagenesis, and Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Four Types of Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C J Moore, A J Bachhuber, M N Gould
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Mammary tumorigenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) was tested in two rat stocks and two rat strains: outbred Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans and inbred Wistar/Furth (WF) and Fischer F344 (F344) rats. Both Sprague-Dawley and WF rats showed comparably high susceptibility to tumorigenesis, whereas Long-Evans and F344 rats proved relatively resistant to tumorigenesis. Cultured mammary stromal and parenchymal cell populations from these four types of rats were used in a cell-mediated mutagenesis assay, and all were found to produce comparable levels of mutagenic metabolites from DMBA. Metabolisms of DMBA and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) were also examined in these cell populations, and similar patterns were found in mammary cells from both susceptible and resistant rat types. The stromal cell populations metabolized both carcinogens at a faster rate than the epithelial cells, but high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of ethyl acetate-soluble BP metabolites indicated that both cell types produced similar profiles of BP metabolites in all four rat types. Epithelial cells generally maintained higher intracellular concentrations of carcinogen compared to those of stromal cell populations. The four types were indistinguishable in the amounts and identities of glucuronic acid conjugates of BP that were formed by the mammary cells. The data demonstrate that the rat type-specific susceptibility to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced tumorigenesis does not reside in the ability of the mammary cells to metabolically activate these carcinogens.
The Effect of Salvage Radiotherapy and its Timing on the Health-related Quality of Life of Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Marie-Anne van Stam, Neil K. Aaronson, Floris J. Pos, J.L.H. Ruud Bosch, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Corinne N. Tillier, Henk G. van der Poel
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Cytoplasmic Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein in Retinoic Acid-Resistant Human Breast Cancer Sublines&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A Lacroix, N L'Heureux, P V Bhat
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Two sublines resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of retinoic acid (RA) have been isolated from the parental Hs578T wild-type (W.T.) human breast cancer cell line. These sublines (Hs578T-R-1 and Hs578T-R-2) have been growing normally in 10 microM RA during more than 18 months, and their RA-resistant phenotype has remained stable after the removal of RA. The resistance is specific for RA, since their growth is still inhibited by retinol. The intracellular incorporation of [3H]RA is not deficient in the RA-resistant sublines. Cytoplasmic RA-binding protein (cRABP) is present in Hs578T-R-1 and in Hs578T-R-2 and is not different in terms of maximum binding capacity or binding affinity from cRABP in Hs578T (W.T.). These results indicate that RA resistance in these sublines is not secondary to a defect of RA uptake or of binding of RA to cRABP; the resistance may result from a defect distal to binding to cRABP, or alternatively, cRABP may not mediate this effect of RA.
Retinoic Acid-Induced Changes in 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Receptor Levels in Tumor and Nontumor Cells Derived From Rat Bone&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P. Martin Petkovich, Johan N. M. Heersche
 5, Jane E. Aubin, Agamemnon E. Grigoriadis, Glenville Jones
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The inducibility of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] binding by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) was examined in tumor-derived clonal bone cell lines, in established clonal cell lines derived from normal embryonic bone, and in cultured bone cell populations freshly isolated from 18- and 21-day fetal and 5-day-old neonatal rat calvaria. Levels of 1,25-(OH)2D3 binding were determined using a single saturating dose (84 pM) of 3H-labeled 1,25-(OH)2D3. Bone-derived tumor cell lines (ROS 17/2.8, ROS 17/2, RCJ 3.2T.1, RCJ 3.2.4.1CAM, RCJ 3.2CE2.1) possessed high basal levels of binding and showed increases in 1,25-(OH)2D3 binding after culture for 24 hours in the presence of 10(-5) M RA. The non-tumor-derived established bone cell lines (RCB 2.2A, RCB 2.2B, RCB 2.2C, RCB 2.2D) showed low basal 1,25-(OH)2D3 binding levels and no change in response to RA, while first subcultures of bone cell populations derived from fetal and neonatal rat calvaria showed decreased 1,25-(OH)2D3 binding, following similar treatment with RA. In representative cell populations, the dose dependency of the RA effect was established. The observed differences in response to RA in the cell lines tested seem to be dependent on whether the cells originated from normal or tumor tissue.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection of esophagogastric junction gastrointestinal stromal tumor assisted by laparoscopy after neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Andrés Navarrete, Dulce Momblan, Gloria Fernandez-Esparrach, Salvadora Delgado, Marta Jimenez, Amelia Hessheimer, Antonio Lacy
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the digestive tract [1]. Surgery is the only potentially curative therapy. However, some tumors are locally advanced, and therefore R0 resection cannot be guaranteed. In this situation, imatinib can allow organ-preserving surgery and optimal oncological outcome [2] [3] [4] [5].
A Novel Mutation in a Patient with Hyperparathyroidism–Jaw Tumour Syndrome
Authors: Virginia Bellido, Ihintza Larrañaga, Maite Guimón, Rafael Martinez-Conde, Asier Eguia, Gustavo Perez de Nanclares, Luis Castaño, Sonia Gaztambide
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2016)
Gene expression analysis in human hair bulbs as a potential pharmacodynamic readout in the LDE225 clinical program.
Authors: K. Rose, D. Robinson, T. Sharp, S. Nicholas, A. Haider, L. Ostrom, A. Vattay, M. Dorsch, Y. Shou, J. C. Barrett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

3092 Background: LDE225 is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of Smo, a key regulator protein in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which is linked to the pathogenesis of several human cancers. A first-in-human study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of LDE225 in adult patients with solid tumors is ongoing. The use of hair follicles (HF) as a surrogate tissue to assess the phamacodynamic effect of LDE225 on Hh pathway targets was explored due to the known regulatory role of Hh pathway in hair development. Methods: A total of 190 HFs from 19 healthy subjects was used to optimize a methodology to isolate, amplify, and profile mRNA transcripts. The expression levels of many primary Hh pathway genes including GLI-1, GLI-2, PTCH-1, and PTCH- 2 were reliably detected using quantitative RT- PCR. Results: The optimization of bulb preservation, root disruption, and RNA isolation allowed for a greater RNA yield and quality per hair bulb than previously published. RT-PCR analysis of Hh pathway genes demonstrated low inter- and intrasubject variability (Table). A variance components analysis showed that hair-to-hair variation within a subject was the largest source of total variability compared to intersubject and technical variability. Preliminary results from transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis using U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays (Affymetrix) and pathway mapping suggested that hair follicles can serve as a surrogate tissue that expresses a wide representation of biological pathways associated with neoplasms. Conclusions: An approach for monitoring Hh pathway gene signatures in human hair follicles has been established. Collection of multiple HFs per subject is advised to obtain a more robust measure of gene expression. This method may also be useful for identifying molecular signatures in response to other pharmaceutical drugs or for monitoring known developmental, metabolic or disease pathways. Variability of RT-PCR analysis of Hh genes Gene Mean (CT) Intersubject std (CT) Intersubject CV Inter-HF std (CT) Inter-HF (CT) B2M 22.02 0.91 4.15 1.28 5.82 GLI1 32.57 1.46 4.48 3.10 9.51 GLI2 33.52 1.83 5.45 2.32 6.92 PTCH1 28.13 2.22 7.90 3.87 13.74 PTCH2 31.42 1.35 4.30 3.60 11.44 UBC 21.16 1.58 7.45 1.66 7.83 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Novartis
Incidence and Character of the Spontaneous Pituitary Tumors in Strain CR and W/Fu Male Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Akihiro Ito, Peggy Moy, H. Kaunitz, K. Kortwright, S. Clarke, J. Furth, J. Meites
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Thirty-eight pituitary tumors and associated changes in 54 rats (50 males and 4 females), exsanguinated in extremis when older than 640 days, were studied. Sera of 25 of these were assayed for prolactin and 12 for growth hormone. Of the male CR and W/Fu rats, 20 had macroscopic tumors and 14 different rats had microscopic tumors. Hyperplasia of the mammary gland and radioimmunoassay indicated that most, if not all, of these tumors were mammotropic. All 4 female CS rats, similarly studied, had mammotropic tumors. The primary tumors were usually multifocal and most appeared to be "chromophobic" adenomas; a few had morphologically distinct carcinomatous foci. Immunohistochemical staining gave strong reaction for growth hormone in the tumor-free areas. The tumors themselves gave very weak or no reaction for prolactin. This is correlated with elevated hormonal levels in sera, suggesting rapid discharge of prolactin from the tumors. Transplantation of 3 pituitary tumors arising in male rats was successful in males of the strain of origin. One multifocal tumor grafted on normal rats gave rise to metastasizing carcinoma. The pathogenesis of mammotropic pituitary tumors in male rats remains to be elucidated. These 54 exsanguinated rats are a sample of 1,040 rats autopsied after natural death in lifespan nutritional studies of H. Kaunitz. His preliminary tabulation agrees with the above findings on the high incidence of pituitary tumors in old male rats.
Ultrastructural Comparison of Oncovirinae (Type C), Spumavirinae, and Lentivirinae: Three Subfamilies of Retroviridae Found in Farm Animals
Authors: A M Bouillant, S A Becker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The successive steps of maturation of seven retroviruses from five species of farm animals and one retrovirus from a mouse were compared in cell cultures. The viruses included three type C oncoviruses, one spumavirus, and three lentiviruses. Although members of the 3 subfamilies shared some gross morphologic features such as budding on plasma membranes, core, and surface projections, differences were noted in the ultrastructural detail of these features. Type C oncoviruses did not show any structural differentiation in identifiable form in the cytoplasm as opposed to characteristic features observed in the spumavirus and lentivirus subfamilies, respectively. Budding viruses were distinct among the 3 subfamilies. The type C bovine leukemia virus budding on vacuole membranes differed from the two other type C viruses by lacking an electron-lucent intermediate layer as did the lentiviruses. Differentiation between type C oncoviruses and lentiviruses could be confusing because of the similarity of the fully mature virions appearing in the intercellular space. However, each subfamily of retroviruses can be readily differentiated from one another when each morphologic stage of virus replication is examined by electron microscopy.
Abstract 13006: High Use of Concomitant Antiplatelet Therapy with Oral Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the ORBIT-AF Registry
Authors: Benjamin A Steinberg, Sunghee Kim, Jack Ansell, Elaine Hylek, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Daniel E Singer, Michael D Ezekowitz, Gregg C Fonarow, Alan S Go, Peter Kowey, Laine Thomas, Paul Chang, Jonathan P Piccini, Eric D Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Treatment with antiplatelet therapy increases the risk of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving oral anticoagulant (OAC) agents. The patterns of concomitant use of these agents in community practice have not been well-defined. Methods: The ORBIT-AF registry enrolled patients with AF from a broad range of practice settings and collected detailed data on OACs and antiplatelet therapies. Results: Of 10,098 patients at baseline, 7,688 (76%) were prescribed OAC therapy (dabigatran or warfarin). The majority (4795/7688, 62%) were taking only an OAC, while 35% (2723/7688) were receiving dual therapy with an OAC and single antiplatelet agent (aspirin or ADP inhibitor), and 2% (170/7688) were receiving triple therapy (anticoagulant plus aspirin and ADP inhibitor). Patients prescribed additional antiplatelet therapy were younger (median age 76 for OAC only vs. 75 for dual therapy vs. 73 for triple therapy, p<0.0001), less likely female (47% vs. 34% vs. 29%, p<0.0001), and more lik...
NGTS-03CHARACTERIZATION OF PRIMARY GLIOMAS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH LI-FRAUMENI SYNDROME: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Krista J. Qualmann, Nitin Tandon, Dong H. Kim, Scott R. Shepard, Meenakshi Bhattacharjee, Sozos Papasozomenos, Angel I. Blanco, Jay-Jiguang Zhu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is a rare hereditary cancer syndrome that has classically been associated with familial sarcomas, but now includes brain tumors, premenopausal breast cancer, and adrenocortical carcinomas in its recognized core tumor pathologies. Germline mutations in the TP53 gene are the only known cause of LFS. Affected individuals are typically diagnosed at younger ages than individuals with sporadic tumors and are at risk for multiple malignancies over their lifetime. Characterization of the evolving phenotype of LFS is ongoing, including the use of clinical criteria to identify index patients. Few studies, however, have described the phenotype of primary gliomas in LFS. In this case series, we describe the presentation of four individuals, two male and two female, with primary gliomas and molecularly confirmed LFS at our institution. All individuals presented with high-grade gliomas: two with anaplastic astrocytoma, one with anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and one with glioblastoma multiforme. The age of diagnosis ranged from 25 to 50 years. Glioma was the first presentation of disease in three individuals. The fourth individual had a previous diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Family history was remarkable, positive with regards to Chompret criteria, in two individuals and negative or unknown in two individuals. Molecular tumor testing was available for three individuals: one individual had two somatic TP53 mutations and two individuals had one TP53 mutation with loss of heterozygosity at the opposite allele. These cases demonstrate that individuals with LFS may first present in a neuro-oncology clinic for initial diagnosis. Screening for LFS should be prompted in individuals with a personal and/or family history that includes LFS core tumor pathologies. Further characterization of these individuals is necessary to improve the early identification of LFS, specifically in individuals who present first with glioma, and provide appropriate management recommendations for patients and their families.
GENO-06A PAN-GLIOMA CHARACTERIZATION OF GENOMIC, EPIGENOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC ACTIVITIES REVEALS NOVEL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HISTOLOGICAL SUBTYPES AND MOLECULAR SIGNATURES
Authors: Floris P. Barthel, Michele Ceccarelli, Tathiane M. Malta, Thais S. Sabedot, Sofie R. Salama, Stefano M. Pagnotta, Bradley A. Murray, Olena Morozova, Yulia Newton, Daniel J. Brat, Andrew D. Cherniack, Hailei Zhang, Laila Poisson, Lee Cooper, Raul Rabadan, Peter W. Laird, David H. Gutmann, Houtan Noushmehr, Antonio Iavarone, Roel G.W. Verhaak
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Although histopathologic classification of adult gliomas is well established, accurate diagnosis suffers from high intra- and inter-observer variability. In order to investigate the molecular underpinnings we performed an unbiased pan-glioma analysis of molecular features. We assembled the largest possible primary glioma dataset to date consisting of 1,122 TCGA samples of grades II-IV glioma that have been analyzed through mRNA sequencing and expression arrays (n = 1045), DNA methylation arrays (n = 932), exome sequencing (n = 833), DNA copy number arrays (n = 1084) and whole genome sequencing (WGS, n = 141). In addition to 30 known glioma drivers like IDH1, TP53, and EGFR, we identified 70 novel significantly mutated genes which were mutated at 0.5-3% frequency, including KRAS, NOTCH2 and ARID2. Novel copy number drivers included SETD2, ARID2, and GIGYF2. Analysis of WGS data identified enrichment for mutations in the promoter regions of TERT, CACNG6 and TRIM28 that were associated with a significant difference in mRNA expression, suggesting functional consequences. We used WGS based telomere length estimates and found that ATRX mutated samples showed significantly longer telomeres while TERT mutant samples showed shortened telomeres, independent of differences in age and IDH status. Unsupervised clustering of DNA methylation and gene expression resulted in six methylation subtypes and four expression subtypes. These clusters overlapped significantly disregarding tumor histopathology and could be divided into three macro groups separated by IDH mutations, TERT promoter mutations and 1p/19q co-deletion. Functional enrichments within-cluster revealed that grade IV tumors are primarily marked by a hyperproliferation signature with respect to grade II-III tumors which are characterized by increased activation of genes related to glial-neuronal functioning. These findings suggest that tumor grade reflects a point in time in the temporal evolution within individual glioma subtypes. Our analyses identified new drivers; suggest a novel association between telomere length and maintenance mechanisms and shed light on glioma evolution.