tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Iodide Transporter NIS Regulates Cancer Cell Motility and Invasiveness by Interacting with the Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor LARG
Authors: Claire Lacoste, Julie Hervé, Myriam Bou Nader, Alexandre Dos Santos, Nicolas Moniaux, Yannick Valogne, Rodrick Montjean, Olivier Dorseuil, Didier Samuel, Doris Cassio, Carla Portulano, Nancy Carrasco, Christian Bréchot, Jamila Faivre
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A number of solute carrier (SLC) proteins are subject to changes in expression and activity during carcinogenesis. Whether these changes play a role in carcinogenesis is unclear, except for some nutrients and ion carriers whose deregulation ensures the necessary reprogramming of energy metabolism in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the functional role in tumor progression of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS; aka SLC5A5), which is upregulated and mislocalized in many human carcinomas. Notably, we found that NIS enhanced cell migration and invasion without ion transport being involved. These functions were mediated by NIS binding to leukemia-associated RhoA guanine exchange factor, a Rho guanine exchange factor that activates the small GTPase RhoA. Sequestering NIS in intracellular organelles or impairing its targeting to the cell surface (as observed in many cancers) led to a further increase in cell motility and invasiveness. In sum, our results established NIS as a carrier protein that interacts with a major cell signaling hub to facilitate tumor cell locomotion and invasion. Cancer Res; 72(21); 5505–15. ©2012 AACR.
Fractional anisotropy of the optic radiations is associated with visual acuity loss in optic pathway gliomas of neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: P. M. K. de Blank, J. I. Berman, G. T. Liu, T. P. L. Roberts, M. J. Fisher
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

No more than half of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)–associated optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) develop vision loss. Prospectively identifying those who will require therapy remains challenging, because no reliable factors have yet been identified that predict future vision loss. To determine whether brain tissue microstructure is associated with visual acuity loss, we examined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and ophthalmologic evaluations in children with NF1-associated OPG. We retrospectively reviewed ophthalmology records and concurrent DTI measurements of the optic nerves, tracts, and radiations from 50 children with NF1-associated OPGs. Multivariate linear regression measured the association between fiber trajectory quantity and white matter integrity on visual acuity measured by the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR). In multivariate analysis, fractional anisotropy (FA) of the optic radiations was associated with visual acuity loss (adjusted coefficient = −6.081 logMAR/FA; P = .006) after adjusting for age, extent of tumor, DTI acquisition type, prior chemotherapy, and fundus examination findings. The association remained after eliminating tumors involving the optic radiations. In an evaluation of 15 subjects with paired ophthalmologic examination and DTI a year apart, initial FA of the optic radiation was associated with a trend toward change in visual acuity a year later (coefficient = −2.652 logMAR/FA; P = .069). A decrease in FA of the optic radiations is associated with abnormal visual acuity in NF1-associated OPGs and may be predictive of visual acuity loss during the following year.
The genome sequence of the Antarctic bullhead notothen reveals evolutionary adaptations to a cold environment
Authors: Seung Chul Shin, Do Hwan Ahn, Su Jin Kim, Chul Woo Pyo, Hyoungseok Lee, Mi-Kyeong Kim, Jungeun Lee, Jong Eun Lee, H William Detrich, John H Postlethwait, David Edwards, Sung Gu Lee, Jun Hyuck Lee, Hyun Park
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Antarctic fish have adapted to the freezing waters of the Southern Ocean. Representative adaptations to this harsh environment include a constitutive heat shock response and the evolution of an antifreeze protein in the blood. Despite their adaptations to the cold, genome-wide studies have not yet been performed on these fish due to the lack of a sequenced genome. Notothenia coriiceps, the Antarctic bullhead notothen, is an endemic teleost fish with a circumpolar distribution and makes a good model to understand the genomic adaptations to constant sub-zero temperatures. We provide the draft genome sequence and annotation for N. coriiceps. Comparative genome-wide analysis with other fish genomes shows that mitochondrial proteins and hemoglobin evolved rapidly. Transcriptome analysis of thermal stress responses find alternative response mechanisms for evolution strategies in a cold environment. Loss of the phosphorylation-dependent sumoylation motif in heat shock factor 1 suggests that the heat shock response evolved into a simple and rapid phosphorylation-independent regulatory mechanism. Rapidly evolved hemoglobin and the induction of a heat shock response in the blood may support the efficient supply of oxygen to cold-adapted mitochondria. Our data and analysis suggest that evolutionary strategies in efficient aerobic cellular respiration are controlled by hemoglobin and mitochondrial proteins, which may be important for the adaptation of Antarctic fish to their environment. The use of genome data from the Antarctic endemic fish provides an invaluable resource providing evidence of evolutionary adaptation and can be applied to other studies of Antarctic fish.
Taste receptors of the gut: emerging roles in health and disease
Authors: Inge Depoortere
Journal: Gut (2013)

Recent progress in unravelling the nutrient-sensing mechanisms in the taste buds of the tongue has triggered studies on the existence and role of chemosensory cells in the gut. Indeed, the gastrointestinal tract is the key interface between food and the human body and can sense basic tastes in much the same way as the tongue, through the use of similar G-protein-coupled taste receptors. These receptors 'taste' the luminal content and transmit signals that regulate nutrient transporter expression and nutrient uptake, and also the release of gut hormones and neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. Hence, they play a prominent role in the communication between the lumen, epithelium, smooth muscle cells, afferent nerve fibres and the brain to trigger adaptive responses that affect gastrointestinal function, food intake and glucose metabolism. This review summarises how sensing of nutrients by taste receptors along the gut plays a key role in the process of digestion, and how disturbances or adaptations of these chemosensory signalling pathways may contribute to the induction or resolution of a number of pathological conditions related to diabetes, obesity, or diet-induced symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome. Targeting these receptors may represent a promising novel route for the treatment of a number of these diseases.
Important Role of Endogenous Erythropoietin System in Recruitment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice
Authors: Kimio Satoh, Yutaka Kagaya, Makoto Nakano, Yoshitaka Ito, Jun Ohta, Hiroko Tada, Akihiko Karibe, Naoko Minegishi, Norio Suzuki, Masayuki Yamamoto, Masao Ono, Jun Watanabe, Kunio Shirato, Naoto Ishii, Kazuo Sugamura, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Recent studies have suggested that endogenous erythropoietin (Epo) plays an important role in the mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, it remains to be elucidated whether the Epo system exerts protective effects on pulmonary hypertension (PH), a fatal disorder encountered in cardiovascular medicine.A mouse model of hypoxia-induced PH was used for study. We evaluated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in mice lacking the Epo receptor (EpoR) in nonerythroid lineages (EpoR(-/-) rescued mice) after 3 weeks of exposure to hypoxia. Those mice lack EpoR in the cardiovascular system but not in the hematopoietic system. The development of PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling were accelerated in EpoR(-/-) rescued mice compared with wild-type mice. The mobilization of EPCs and their recruitment to the pulmonary endothelium were significantly impaired in EpoR(-/-) rescued mice. By contrast, reconstitution of the bone marrow with wild-type bone marrow cells ameliorated PH in the EpoR(-/-) rescued mice. Hypoxia enhanced the expression of EpoR on pulmonary endothelial cells in wild-type but not EpoR(-/-) rescued mice. Finally, hypoxia activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the lungs in wild-type mice but not in EpoR(-/-) rescued mice.These results indicate that the endogenous Epo/EpoR system plays an important role in the recruitment of EPCs and prevents the development of PH during chronic hypoxia in mice in vivo, suggesting the therapeutic importance of the system for the treatment of PH.
NRAV, a Long Noncoding RNA, Modulates Antiviral Responses through Suppression of Interferon-Stimulated Gene Transcription
Authors: Jing Ouyang, Xiaomei Zhu, Yuhai Chen, Haitao Wei, Qinghuang Chen, Xiaojuan Chi, Baomin Qi, Lianfeng Zhang, Yi Zhao, George Fu Gao, Guoshun Wang, Ji-Long Chen
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
Angiopoietins regulate vascular reactivity after haemorrhagic shock in rats through the Tie2-nitric oxide pathway
Authors: Jing Xu, Dan Lan, Tao Li, Guangming Yang, Liangming Liu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Vascular reactivity shows biphasic changes after severe trauma or shock. Our aim was to elucidate the mechanisms of biphasic-changed vascular reactivity after haemorrhagic shock by observing the regulation of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) on it. Haemorrhagic-shock Sprague–Dawley rats, hypoxia-treated superior mesenteric arteries (SMAs) with intact endothelia, and a cell mixture of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were adopted to evaluate the regulatory effects of Ang-1 and Ang-2 on vascular reactivity and their relationship to Tie2 (receptor tyrosine kinase)-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Tie2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signal pathways. Ang-1 expression, Tie2 phosphorylation, and nitric oxide (NO) release were increased at early shock. Exogenous Ang-1 maintained the vascular reactivity of SMAs after early hypoxia. Tie2-blocking antibody and the antagonists of Akt and eNOS antagonized Ang-1-induced maintenance in vascular reactivity and a slight release in NO at the early stage of shock. Ang-2 expression, Tie2 phosphorylation, and NO release were greatly increased at late shock, but exogenous Ang-2 further decreased the vascular reactivity of SMAs after late hypoxia. Tie2-blocking antibody and the antagonists of Erk and iNOS andtagonized the Ang-2-induced decrease in vascular reactivity and a large release of NO at the late stage of shock. Ang-1 and Ang-2 participated in the regulation of vascular reactivity after haemorrhagic shock. Ang-1 was mainly responsible for the hyperreactivity at early shock through the Tie2-Akt-eNOS pathway and an appropriate amount of NO release. Ang-2 was mainly responsible for the hyporeactivity at late shock through the Tie2-Erk-iNOS pathway and the release of a large amount of NO.
Chronic persistent cough and gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Authors: A J Ing, M C Ngu, A B Breslin
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Chronic cough persisting for two months or more that remains unexplained after extensive investigations is a common clinical problem. The purpose of this study was to determine whether such cough is associated with otherwise asymptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux. Thirteen patients with chronic persistent cough that was unexplained after a standard diagnostic assessment were identified. All were non-smokers. The mean (SE) duration of cough was 17.8 (8.0) months. Ten had never had reflux symptoms and three had had mild symptoms only after the onset of the cough. All the patients completed standardised cough diary cards for eight weeks and underwent 24 hour ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring. A reflux episode was defined as a fall in oesophageal pH to below 4.0. Nine control subjects were matched for age, lung function, and body mass index. The patients experienced significantly more episodes of reflux per 24 hours than the controls (115.8 (SE 31.7) versus 4.7 (1.4) and longer reflux episodes (15.5 (5.8) versus 1.7 (0.5) minutes), and the oesophageal pH was below 4.0 considerably longer (84.5 (20.2) versus 3.8 (1.3) minutes). Cough occurred simultaneously with 13% (2.2%) of reflux episodes and within five minutes in another 35% (5.8%) of episodes, whereas gastro-oesophageal reflux occurred simultaneously with 78% (5.5%) of cough episodes and within five minutes in another 12% (2.3%) of episodes. It is concluded that chronic persistent cough that remains unexplained after a standard diagnostic assessment is associated with otherwise asymptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux. It is suggested that a self perpetuating mechanism may exist whereby acid reflux causes cough via a local neuronal oesophageal-tracheo-bronchial reflex, and the cough in turn amplifies reflux via increased transdiaphragmatic pressure or by inducing transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation. Further study of this mechanism and the role of specific antireflux treatment in chronic persistent cough is warranted.
Compared with warfarin, high-dose dabigatran might be cost-effective for preventing stroke in older patients with nonvalvular AF
Authors: Nasseer A Masoodi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club21 June 2011Compared with warfarin, high-dose dabigatran might be cost-effective for preventing stroke in older patients with nonvalvular AFNasseer A. Masoodi, MD, FACPNasseer A. Masoodi, MD, FACPFlorida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (N.A.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-12-201106210-02012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationFreeman JV, Zhu RP, Owens DK, et al. Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran compared with warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:1-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21041570Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Geriatrics: Hematology: Neurology: References1 Wallentin L, Yusuf S, Ezekowitz MD, et al; RE-LY investigators. Efficacy and safety of dabigatran compared with warfarin at different levels of international normalized ratio control for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the RE-LY trial. Lancet. 2010;376:975−83. [PMID: 20801496] Google Scholar2 Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1139-51. [PMID: 19717844] Google Scholar3 Gafni A, Birch S. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs): the silence of the lambda. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62:2091-100. [PMID: 16325975] Google Scholar4 Sonnenberg FA, Beck JR. Markov models in medical decision making: a practical guide. Med Decis Making. 1993;13:322-39. [PMID: 8246705] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nasseer A. Masoodi, MD, FACPAffiliations: Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA (N.A.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 June 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 June 2011Volume 154, Issue 12Page: JC6-12KeywordsAtrial fibrillationHealth careInternational normalized ratioIschemic strokeMyocardial infarctionPrevention, policy, and public healthQuality adjusted life yearsRenal analysisSafetyStroke ePublished: 21 June 2011 Issue Published: 21 June 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Statement: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Evidence-based Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Ganesh Raghu, Harold R. Collard, Jim J. Egan, Fernando J. Martinez, Juergen Behr, Kevin K. Brown, Thomas V. Colby, Jean-François Cordier, Kevin R. Flaherty, Joseph A. Lasky, David A. Lynch, Jay H. Ryu, Jeffrey J. Swigris, Athol U. Wells, Julio Ancochea, Demosthenes Bouros, Carlos Carvalho, Ulrich Costabel, Masahito Ebina, David M. Hansell, Takeshi Johkoh, Dong Soon Kim, Talmadge E. King, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Jeffrey Myers, Nestor L. Müller, Andrew G. Nicholson, Luca Richeldi, Moisés Selman, Rosalind F. Dudden, Barbara S. Griss, Shandra L. Protzko, Holger J. Schünemann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<CONTENTSOBJECTIVEMETHODSSIGNIFICANCE OF EVIDENCE-...SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND T...DEFINITION AND EPIDEMIOLO...DEFINITION OF UIP PATTERNDIAGNOSISNATURAL HISTORY OF IPFSTAGING AND PROGNOSISTREATMENTTREATMENT OF SELECTED COM...PALLIATIVE CAREMONITORING THE CLINICAL C...FUTURE DIRECTIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in endometrium related to implantation
Authors: E. Dimitriadis, C.A. White, R.L. Jones, L.A. Salamonsen
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2005)

The complexity of the events of embryo implantation and placentation is exemplified by the number and range of cytokines with demonstrated roles in these processes. Disturbance of the normal expression or action of these cytokines results in complete or partial failure of implantation and abnormal placental formation in mice or humans. Of known importance are members of the gp130 family such as interleukin-11 (IL-11) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily including the activins, the colony-stimulating factors (CSF), the IL-1 system and IL-15 system. New data are also emerging for roles for a number of chemokines (chemoattractive cytokines) both in recruiting specific cohorts of leukocytes to implantation sites and in trophoblast differentiation and trafficking. This review focuses on those cytokines and chemokines whose expression pattern in the human endometrium is consistent with a potential role in implantation and placentation and for which some relevant actions are known. It examines what is known of their regulation and action along with alterations in clinically relevant situations.
A newly developed lung nodule during chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer
Authors: M S Kang, G Y Noh, D H Choe, C H Kim, J C Lee
Journal: Thorax (2009)

A 73-year-old man was admitted with dyspnoea and facial oedema. He was previously healthy with a smoking history of 40 pack-years. A CT scan of the chest showed a peribronchial soft tissue mass in the central portion of the right upper lobe and conglomerated enlarged multiple lymph nodes in the right hilar, subcarinal, paratracheal and prevascular areas with superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction (fig 1A). A …
2B4 (CD244) induced by selective CD28 blockade functionally regulates allograft-specific CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Danya Liu, Scott M. Krummey, I. Raul Badell, Maylene Wagener, Lumelle A. Schneeweis, Dawn K. Stetsko, Suzanne J. Suchard, Steven G. Nadler, Mandy L. Ford
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Mounting evidence in models of both autoimmunity and chronic viral infection suggests that the outcome of T cell activation is critically impacted by the constellation of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors expressed on the cell surface. Here, we identified a critical role for the co-inhibitory SLAM family member 2B4 (CD244) in attenuating primary antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in the presence of immune modulation with selective CD28 blockade. Our results reveal a specific up-regulation of 2B4 on antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in animals in which CD28 signaling was blocked. However, 2B4 up-regulation was not observed in animals treated with CTLA-4 Ig (abatacept) or CD28 blockade in the presence of anti–CTLA-4 mAb. 2B4 up-regulation after CD28 blockade was functionally significant, as the inhibitory impact of CD28 blockade was diminished when antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were deficient in 2B4. In contrast, 2B4 deficiency had no effect on CD8+ T cell responses during unmodified rejection or in the presence of CTLA-4 Ig. We conclude that blockade of CD28 signals in the presence of preserved CTLA-4 signals results in the unique up-regulation of 2B4 on primary CD8+ effectors, and that this 2B4 expression plays a critical functional role in controlling antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses.
Classification criteria for Sjogren's syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group
Authors: C Vitali
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Classification criteria for Sjögren9s syndrome (SS) were developed and validated between 1989 and 1996 by the European Study Group on Classification Criteria for SS, and broadly accepted. These have been re-examined by consensus group members, who have introduced some modifications, more clearly defined the rules for classifying patients with primary or secondary SS, and provided more precise exclusion criteria.
Antibiotic Resistance Among Gram-Negative Bacilli in US Intensive Care Units
Authors: Melinda M Neuhauser, Robert A Weinstein, Robert Rydman, Larry H Danziger, George Karam, John P Quinn
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context Previous surveillance studies have documented increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance in US intensive care units (ICUs) in the early 1990s. Objectives To assess national rates of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative aerobic isolates recovered from ICU patients and to compare these rates to antimicrobial use. Design and Setting Participating institutions, representing a total of 43 US states plus the District of Columbia, provided antibiotic susceptibility results for 35 790 nonduplicate gram-negative aerobic isolates recovered from ICU patients between 1994 and 2000. Main Outcome Measures Each institution tested approximately 100 consecutive gram-negative aerobic isolates recovered from ICU patients. Organisms were identified to the species level. Susceptibility tests were performed, and national fluoroquinolone consumption data were obtained. Results The activity of most antimicrobial agents against gram-negative aerobic isolates showed an absolute decrease of 6% or less over the study period. The overall susceptibility to ciprofloxacin decreased steadily from 86% in 1994 to 76% in 2000 and was significantly associated with increased national use of fluoroquinolones. Conclusions This study documents the increasing incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance among gram-negative bacilli that has occurred coincident with increased use of fluoroquinolones. More judicious use of fluoroquinolones will be necessary to limit this downward trend.