tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of ski geometry on aggressive ski behaviour and visual aesthetics: equipment designed to reduce risk of severe traumatic knee injuries in alpine giant slalom ski racing
Authors: Josef Kröll, Jörg Spörri, Matthias Gilgien, Hermann Schwameder, Erich Müller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background/Aim Aggressive ski-snow interaction is characterised by direct force transmission and difficulty of getting the ski off its edge once the ski is carving. This behaviour has been suggested to be a main contributor to severe knee injuries in giant slalom (GS). The aim of the current study was to provide a foundation for new equipment specifications in GS by considering two perspectives: Reducing the ski's aggressiveness for injury prevention and maintaining the external attractiveness of a ski racer's technique for spectators. Methods Three GS ski prototypes were defined based on theoretical considerations and were compared to a reference ski (P ref ). Compared to P ref , all prototypes were constructed with reduced profile width and increased ski length. The construction radius (sidecut radius) of Pref was ≥27 m and was increased for the prototypes: 30 m (P 30 ), 35 m (P 35 ), and 40 m (P 40 ). Seven World Cup level athletes performed GS runs on each of the three prototypes and P ref . Kinetic variables related to the ski-snow interaction were assessed to quantify the ski's aggressiveness. Additionally, 13 athletes evaluated their subjective perception of aggressiveness. 15 sports students rated several videotaped runs to assess external attractiveness. Results Kinetic variables quantifying the ski's aggressiveness showed decreased values for P 35 and P 40 compared to P ref and P 30 . Greater sidecut radius reduced subjectively perceived aggressiveness. External attractiveness was reduced for P 40 only. Conclusions This investigation revealed the following evaluation of the prototypes concerning injury prevention and external attractiveness: P 30 : no preventative gain, no loss in attractiveness; P 35 : substantial preventative gain, no significant loss in attractiveness; P 40 : highest preventative gain, significant loss in attractiveness.
Survey of the Deficits in Surgeons’ Knowledge of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy
Authors: Katharine Yao, Jeff Belkora, Mark Sisco, Shoshana Rosenberg, Isabelle Bedrosian, Erik Liederbach, Chihsiung Wang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

in the United States to examine surgeons' knowledge about CPM.A study of 81 surgeons in Australia asked about CPM but did not question surgeons about CBC risk or survival after CPM. 6 What is not clear is how surgeons' knowledge translates into treatment patterns.Are patients undergoing CPM more frequently because surgeons are not adequately informing them?Could this be because the surgeons themselves are not well informed?Decision aids or teaching materials that address CPM and its utility for a patient with newly diagnosed breast cancer are needed.Part of this intervention will have to involve not only educating patients on CPM's risks and benefits, but also teaching surgeons how to effectively counsel patients on CPM to ensure informed decision making.
Genetic and Mutational Analysis of the T-Cell Antigen Receptor
Authors: J D Ashwell, R D Klusner
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1990)

The studies reviewed here exploit the fact that the TCR is a multisubunit complex whose perturbation initiates an assortment of biochemical pathways and diverse biological responses. The creation and analysis of T cells bearing aberrant TCRs has led to a number of important conclusions and provided a framework for some educated speculation about T-cell biology. The assembly of the TCR is a highly regulated process in which the majority of the synthesized material is rapidly degraded. Partial complexes, which potentially might interfere with ligand binding by, or the function of, complete receptor molecules, are not tolerated; this "architectural editing" is performed in a compartment(s) associated with the ER or, in some cases, lysosomes. The individual chains of the TCR can be separated into subgroups that are, perhaps, functionally autonomous. The disulfide-linked variable chains bind ligand. The zeta eta heterodimer appears to be largely responsible for coupling receptor occupancy to PI hydrolysis, the zeta 2 heterodimer may couple to tyrosine kinase activation and/or other signaling pathways. The zeta 2-containing receptors are fully capable of transducing signals leading to IL-2 production and growth inhibition, while the presence of the zeta eta heterodimer is associated with the autolytic response of T-cell hybridomas to activation. Finally, an intact and functional TCR must be present for optimal expression of some, although not all, manifestations of activation that are initiated via independent cell-surface molecules such as Thy-1, Ly-6, and CD2. Future experiments in which TCR chains that incorporate site-directed mutations are transfected into T and non-T cells are certain to enhance our appreciation of how the structure of this receptor determines its many biological attributes.
Characterization of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene patterns in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood.
Authors: C A Felix, D G Poplack, G H Reaman, S M Steinberg, D E Cole, B J Taylor, C G Begley, I R Kirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes were examined in the lymphoblasts of 70 children with immunophenotypically defined B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The most frequent genes to rearrange were Ig heavy (H) chain (93%) and TCR delta (79%), followed by TCR gamma (49%), Ig kappa and/or lambda light (L) chain (46%), TCR alpha (46%), and TCR beta (29%). Thus, despite their putative "B-cell precursor" lineage, these leukemias manifest a remarkably high incidence of TCR gene rearrangements. While certain patterns predominate, there is considerable heterogeneity in Ig and TCR genotypes in this disease. No significant associations were found between Ig and TCR genotype and commonly used prognostic factors including age, sex, race, WBC, French-American-British (FAB) subtype, or cytogenetics. However, the lymphoblasts of three of six patients who failed to achieve initial remission had germline patterns of every Ig and TCR gene, a genotype not observed in the leukemic cells from any of the 64 patients who achieved complete remission (p2 = .0007). This study suggests that particular Ig and TCR genotypes may be of clinical relevance in childhood B-cell precursor ALL. The finding of rearranged TCR genes in a large proportion of cases raises fundamental questions about early lineage commitment and lymphocyte differentiation along B-cell and T-cell pathways.
Ditch the Scale
Authors: Sara M. Federico
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Liver X receptor activation enhances CVB3 viral replication during myocarditis by stimulating lipogenesis
Authors: Anna-Pia Papageorgiou, Ward Heggermont, Marieke Rienks, Paolo Carai, Lies Langouche, Wouter Verhesen, Rudolf A. De Boer, Stephane Heymans
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Viral myocarditis (VM) is severe cardiac inflammation that can result in sudden death or congestive heart failure in previously healthy adults, with no effective therapy. Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists have both anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties. This study investigates whether LXR agonist T0901317 may modulate viral replication and cardiac inflammation during VM. (i) Adult mice were administered T0901317 or vehicle with the onset of inflammation during CVB3 virus myocarditis or (ii) treated 2 days prior to CVB3 infection. Against what we expected, T0901317 treatment did not alter leucocyte infiltration after CVB3 infection; yet pre-administration with T0901317 resulted in increased mortality upon CVB3 infection, higher cardiac viral presence, and increased cardiomyocyte damage when compared with the vehicle. Furthermore, we show a correlation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) with CVB3 viral load in the heart and that T0901317 is able to enhance the cardiac expression of FAS and SREBP-1c. Finally, we show in vitro that T0901317 is able to exaggerate CVB3-mediated damage of Vero cells, whereas inhibitors of FAS and the SREBP-1c reduce the viral presence of CVB3 in neonatal cardiomyocytes. LXR agonism does not modulate cardiac inflammation, but exacerbates virus-mediated myocardial damage during VM by stimulating lipid biosynthesis and enhancing CVB3 replication.
The primate-specific noncoding RNA HPAT5 regulates pluripotency during human preimplantation development and nuclear reprogramming
Authors: Jens Durruthy-Durruthy, Vittorio Sebastiano, Mark Wossidlo, Diana Cepeda, Jun Cui, Edward J Grow, Jonathan Davila, Moritz Mall, Wing H Wong, Joanna Wysocka, Kin Fai Au, Renee A Reijo Pera
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Boosting plant immunity with CRISPR/Cas
Authors: Angela Chaparro-Garcia, Sophien Kamoun, Vladimir Nekrasov
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

CRISPR/Cas has recently been transferred to plants to make them resistant to geminiviruses, a damaging family of DNA viruses. We discuss the potential and the limitations of this method. See related Research: http://www.genomebiology.com/2015/16/1/238
Results of Yet Another Antibiotics vs Appendectomy Randomized Trial
Authors: Elliott R. Haut
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
German doctor is criticised for saying he would refuse to treat refugees
Authors: Ned Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Seventeen patients presenting with anginal-type pain were studied by bicycle exercise testing, rapid atrial pacing, and coronary angiography. Ten patients with angina and abnormal pacing tests at rates less than 180/minute were found to have significant coronary artery disease as demonstrated by coronary angiography. Seven patients with pacing-induced chest pain only at rates of 180 and above had normal coronary angiogram. This suggests that patients requiring rates of 180 or more to produce a positive atrial pacing test, following our protocol, do not usually have significant coronary artery disease though confirmation requires a larger study.
Cancer-Related Fatigue, Version 2.2015
Authors: Ann M. Berger, Kathi Mooney, Amy Alvarez-Perez, William S. Breitbart, Kristen M. Carpenter, David Cella, Charles Cleeland, Efrat Dotan, Mario A. Eisenberger, Carmen P. Escalante, Paul B. Jacobsen, Catherine Jankowski, Thomas LeBlanc, Jennifer A. Ligibel, Elizabeth Trice Loggers, Belinda Mandrell, Barbara A. Murphy, Oxana Palesh, William F. Pirl, Steven C. Plaxe, Michelle B. Riba, Hope S. Rugo, Carolina Salvador, Lynne I. Wagner, Nina D. Wagner-Johnston, Finly J. Zachariah, Mary Anne Bergman, Courtney Smith
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Cancer-related fatigue is defined as a distressing, persistent, subjective sense of physical, emotional, and/or cognitive tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer or cancer treatment that is not proportional to recent activity and interferes with usual functioning. It is one of the most common side effects in patients with cancer. Fatigue has been shown to be a consequence of active treatment, but it may also persist into posttreatment periods. Furthermore, difficulties in end-of-life care can be compounded by fatigue. The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Cancer-Related Fatigue provide guidance on screening for fatigue and recommendations for interventions based on the stage of treatment. Interventions may include education and counseling, general strategies for the management of fatigue, and specific nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions. Fatigue is a frequently underreported complication in patients with cancer and, when reported, is responsible for reduced quality of life. Therefore, routine screening to identify fatigue is an important component in improving the quality of life for patients living with cancer.
Time and Chance
Authors: Carol Snyder Halberstadt
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Introduction to General Inorganic Chemistry.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sulfonylurea Therapy Benefits Neurological and Psychomotor Functions in Patients With Neonatal Diabetes Owing to Potassium Channel Mutations
Authors: Jacques Beltrand, Caroline Elie, Kanetee Busiah, Emmanuel Fournier, Nathalie Boddaert, Nadia Bahi-Buisson, Miriam Vera, Emmanuel Bui-Quoc, Isabelle Ingster-Moati, Marianne Berdugo, Albane Simon, Claire Gozalo, Zoubir Djerada, Isabelle Flechtner, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Raphael Scharfmann, Helene Cavé, Laurence Vaivre-Douret, Michel Polak
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Neonatal diabetes secondary to mutations in potassium-channel subunits is a rare disease but constitutes a paradigm for personalized genetics-based medicine, as replacing the historical treatment with insulin injections with oral sulfonylurea (SU) therapy has been proven beneficial. SU receptors are widely expressed in the brain, and we therefore evaluated potential effects of SU on neurodevelopmental parameters, which are known to be unresponsive to insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective single-center study. Nineteen patients (15 boys aged 0.1–18.5 years) were switched from insulin to SU therapy. MRI was performed at baseline. Before and 6 or 12 months after the switch, patients underwent quantitative neurological and developmental assessments and electrophysiological nerve and muscle testing. RESULTS At baseline, hypotonia, deficiencies in gesture conception or realization, and attention disorders were common. SU improved HbA1c levels (median change −1.55% [range −3.8 to 0.1]; P &amp;lt; 0.0001), intelligence scores, hypotonia (in 12 of 15 patients), visual attention deficits (in 10 of 13 patients), gross and fine motor skills (in all patients younger than 4 years old), and gesture conception and realization (in 5 of 8 older patients). Electrophysiological muscle and nerve tests were normal. Cerebral MRI at baseline showed lesions in 12 patients, suggesting that the impairments were central in origin. CONCLUSIONS SU therapy in neonatal diabetes secondary to mutations in potassium-channel subunits produces measurable improvements in neuropsychomotor impairments, which are greater in younger patients. An early genetic diagnosis should always be made, allowing for a rapid switch to SU.
Down-regulation of miR-23b induces phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Claudio Iaconetti, Salvatore De Rosa, Alberto Polimeni, Sabato Sorrentino, Clarice Gareri, Annarita Carino, Jolanda Sabatino, Maria Colangelo, Antonio Curcio, Ciro Indolfi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of different vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after coronary intervention. MicroRNAs have been identified as key regulators of VSMC biology. The miR-23b is highly expressed in VSMCs and it is involved in differentation, proliferation, and migration of several non-vascular cell types. However, the role of miR-23b in vascular disease is currently unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of miR-23b on VSMC phenotypic switch in vitro and after vascular injury in vivo. To determine the changes of miR-23b expression in the injured arterial wall, we used the standard rat carotid artery balloon injury model. In vivo studies demonstrated that miR-23b is down-regulated after vascular injury. Gain-of-function studies showed that overexpression of miR-23b inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration, whereas the opposite effect was obtained with the in vitro inhibition of miR-23b. We further demonstrated that miR-23b can significantly promote the expression of VSMC marker genes such as smooth muscle α-actin (ACTA2) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MYH11). Overexpression of miR-23b in balloon-injured arteries by Ad-miR-23b markedly decreased neointimal hyperplasia. Finally, miR-23b specifically suppresses urokinase-type plasminogen activator, SMAD family member 3, and transcription factor forkhead box O4 (FoxO4) expression in phenotypically modulated VSMCs. By luciferase reporter assay, we validated the transcription factor FoxO4 as a direct target of miR-23b in VSMCs. We identify miR-23b as a novel regulator of VSMC phenotypic switch in vitro and following vascular injury in vivo.
Arteriosclerotic Calcification
Authors: Dwight A. Towler
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

C ardiovascular sclerosis increasingly afflicts our aging, dysmetabolic population, and this hardening of our hearts and arteries has significant physiological consequences. 1Myocardial stiffening reduces diastolic ventricular filling and function necessary for robust cardiac output during systole. 2 Arterial stiffening impairs Windkessel physiologythe rubbery elasticity of conduit vessels that ensures smooth distal tissue perfusion throughout the cardiac cycle.Thus, in addition to the diastolic heart failure associated with cardiac sclerosis, a type of diastolic perfusion failure occurs with arteriosclerotic conduit vessel stiffening.The inability to store kinetic energy as potential energy in elastic conduit vessels during systole reduces the sustained pressure differential necessary to drive smooth distal perfusion throughout diastole and is manifested by increased arterial pulse wave velocity during systole. 1
Neuropilin-2 Regulates Endosome Maturation and EGFR Trafficking to Support Cancer Cell Pathobiology
Authors: Samikshan Dutta, Sohini Roy, Navatha S. Polavaram, Marissa J. Stanton, Heyu Zhang, Tanvi Bhola, Pia Hönscheid, Terrence M. Donohue, Hamid Band, Surinder K. Batra, Michael H. Muders, Kaustubh Datta
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a non-tyrosine kinase receptor frequently overexpressed in various malignancies, where it has been implicated in promoting many protumorigenic behaviors, such as imparting therapeutic resistance to metastatic cancer cells. Here, we report a novel function of NRP2 as a regulator of endocytosis, which is enhanced in cancer cells and is often associated with increased metastatic potential and drug resistance. We found that NRP2 depletion in human prostate and pancreatic cancer cells resulted in the accumulation of EEA1/Rab5-positive early endosomes concomitant with a decrease in Rab7-positive late endosomes, suggesting a delay in early-to-late endosome maturation. NRP2 depletion also impaired the endocytic transport of cell surface EGFR, arresting functionally active EGFR in endocytic vesicles that consequently led to aberrant ERK activation and cell death. Mechanistic investigations revealed that WD-repeat– and FYVE-domain–containing protein 1 (WDFY1) functioned downstream of NRP2 to promote endosome maturation, thereby influencing the endosomal trafficking of EGFR and the formation of autolysosomes responsible for the degradation of internalized cargo. Overall, our results indicate that the NRP2/WDFY1 axis is required for maintaining endocytic activity in cancer cells, which supports their oncogenic activities and confers drug resistance. Therefore, therapeutically targeting endocytosis may represent an attractive strategy to selectively target cancer cells in multiple malignancies. Cancer Res; 76(2); 418–28. ©2015 AACR.