tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase II trial of temsirolimus (CCI-779) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM): Preliminary results
Authors: S. S. Farag, S. Zhang, M. Miller, M. Buckner, E. Kraut, K. Chan, C. Eng, J. C. Byrd, J. E. Dancey, M. R. Grever
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7616 Background: Temsirolimus (TEM) is a novel inhibitor of mTOR, a critical molecule in the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is known to play an important role in transducing mitogenic signals induced by the action of cytokines on MM cells. Methods: We performed a phase II trial to investigate the clinical activity and toxicity of TEM in relapsed/refractory MM patients. Patients had Salmon-Durie stage I-IIIA, failed at least one prior therapy, were ≥18 years, had ANC ≥1.2x10 9 /l, platelets ≥75x10 9 /l, serum Cr ≤1.5 mg/dl, fasting cholesterol ≤350 mg/dl, triglycerides ≤400 mg/dl, and ECOG performance status 0–2. TEM was dosed at 25 mg IV on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of each 28-day cycle. Treatment was continued until progression. Results: 14 patients are evaluable for response and toxicity. Median age was 62.5 (range, 41–75) years; 8 patients were male. 12 patients had stage IIIA and 1 patient had stage IIA and IA each, respectively. Median β2-mg was 3.3 (range, 2.5–7.9) and CRP was 2.2 (range, 0.5–139). Patients had failed a median of 2 (range, 1–5) prior regimens, and 6 had failed autologous stem cell transplant. Overall, 6 (43%) of 14 patients responded, with 5 achieving minor (26–49% decrease in M-protein) responses, and 1 a partial (&gt;50% decrease in M-protein) response using Bladé criteria. 11 patients progressed on treatment. Overall, median time-to-progression was 4.6 months from start of treatment. Grade 3/4 toxicity included neutropenia (n=2), thrombocytopenia (n=2), interstitial pneumonitis (n=1), nausea (n=1), stomatitis (n=1) and diarrhea (n=1). Response was associated with a maximal reduction in phosphorylated p70S6K (p-p70S6K) and 4EBP1 (p-4EBP1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 48 hours after TEM dosing. The median proportion of p-p70S6K relative to baseline following treatment was 0.38 (range, 0.26–0.84) in responding patients versus 1.65 (range, 0.74–1.66) in non-responders (P=0.0001). Similarly, the median proportion of p-4EBP1 following treatment in responders was 0.49 (range, 0.12–1.25) versus 1.12 (range, 0.73–2.09) in non-responders (P=0.025). Correlation with blood levels of TEM is ongoing. Conclusions: TEM has anti-myeloma activity, and further investigation of TEM as a single agent and in combination therapy is warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Second malignancies after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Christopher J D Wallis, Alyson L Mahar, Richard Choo, Sender Herschorn, Ronald T Kodama, Prakesh S Shah, Cyril Danjoux, Steven A Narod, Robert K Nam
Journal: BMJ (2016)

<b>Objective</b>&nbsp;To determine the association between exposure to radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer and subsequent second malignancies (second primary cancers). <b>Design</b>&nbsp;Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. <b>Data sources</b>&nbsp;Medline and Embase up to 6 April 2015 with no restrictions on year or language. <b>Study selection</b>&nbsp;Comparative studies assessing the risk of second malignancies in patients exposed or unexposed to radiotherapy in the course of treatment for prostate cancer were selected by two reviewers independently with any disagreement resolved by consensus. <b>Data extraction and synthesis</b>&nbsp;Two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Outcomes were synthesized with random effects models and Mantel-Haenszel weighting. Unadjusted odds ratios and multivariable adjusted hazard ratios, when available, were pooled. <b>Main outcome measures</b>&nbsp;Second cancers of the bladder, colorectal tract, rectum, lung, and hematologic system. <b>Results</b>&nbsp;Of 3056 references retrieved, 21 studies were selected for analysis. Most included studies were large multi-institutional reports but had moderate risk of bias. The most common type of radiotherapy was external beam; 13 studies used patients treated with surgery as controls and eight used patients who did not undergo radiotherapy as controls. The length of follow-up among studies varied. There was increased risk of cancers of the bladder (four studies; adjusted hazard ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.55 to 1.80), colorectum (three studies; 1.79, 1.34 to 2.38), and rectum (three studies; 1.79, 1.34 to 2.38), but not cancers of the hematologic system (one study; 1.64, 0.90 to 2.99) or lung (two studies; 1.45, 0.70 to 3.01), after radiotherapy compared with the risk in those unexposed to radiotherapy. The odds of a second cancer varied depending on type of radiotherapy: treatment with external beam radiotherapy was consistently associated with increased odds while brachytherapy was not. Among the patients who underwent radiotherapy, from individual studies, the highest absolute rates reported for bladder, colorectal, and rectal cancers were 3.8%, 4.2%, and 1.2%, respectively, while the lowest reported rates were 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.3%. <b>Conclusion</b>&nbsp;Radiotherapy for prostate cancer was associated with higher risks of developing second malignancies of the bladder, colon, and rectum compared with patients unexposed to radiotherapy, but the reported absolute rates were low. Further studies with longer follow-up are required to confirm these findings.
Utility of Prostate Cancer Screening in Kidney Transplant Candidates
Authors: Gerardo A. Vitiello, Blayne A. Sayed, Marla Wardenburg, Sebastian D. Perez, Christopher G. Keith, Daniel J. Canter, Kenneth Ogan, Thomas C. Pearson, Nicole Turgeon
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Screening recommendations for prostate cancer remain controversial, and no specific guidelines exist for screening in renal transplant candidates. To examine whether the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening in patients with ESRD affects time to transplantation and transplant outcomes, we retrospectively analyzed 3782 male patients ≥18 years of age undergoing primary renal transplant evaluation during a 10-year period. Patients were grouped by age per American Urological Association screening guidelines: group 1, patients <55 years; group 2, patients 55-69 years; and group 3, patients >69 years. A positive screening test result was defined as a PSA level >4 ng/ml. We used univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards models to identify the independent effect of screening on transplant waiting times, patient survival, and graft survival. Screening was performed in 63.6% of candidates, and 1198 candidates (31.7%) received kidney transplants. PSA screening was not associated with improved patient survival after transplantation (P=0.24). However, it did increase the time to listing and transplantation for candidates in groups 1 and 2 who had a positive screening result (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with candidates who were not screened, PSA-screened candidates had a reduced likelihood of receiving a transplant regardless of the screening outcome (P<0.001). These data strongly suggest that PSA screening for prostate cancer may be more harmful than protective in renal transplant candidates because it does not appear to confer a survival benefit to these candidates and may delay listing and decrease transplantation rates.
Predicted health and economic benefits of smoking cessation incorporating multiple quit attempts over a lifetime
Authors: Jeno P. Marton, Denis Getsios, Richard J. Willke, Nikhil Revankar, Kelly H. Zou, James Xenakis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective:  To evaluate the impact of age at start of smoking cessation treatment (SCT) on predicted health benefits and costs over smokers9 lifetimes.   Methods:  A discrete event simulation of SCT allowing multiple quit attempts and estimates of lifetime health and economic outcomes was developed in a U.S. population. SCT types were assigned based on observed use.   Results:  The predicted life expectancy of the 18 to 74 years old (mean age 42.1 years) reference population was 26.8 years, corresponding to 13.9 discounted quality adjusted life years (QALY). The lifetime cost of SCT averaged $1,462, with a total direct cost (tDC) of smoking-attributable disease of $54,550/smoker. Smokers averaged 7.9 QAs; 66.2% were permanent abstainers at the time of death. Smokers who started SCT at 35 to 40 years of age, accrued 15.6 discounted QALYs, and 71% achieved permanent abstinence. Smokers who start SCT between 45 and 50 years of age accrued 11.5 discounted QALYs and 60.2% achieved permanent abstinence at the time of death. Total abstinence times (tAT) were 10.1  vs.  7.2 years in the younger and older age groups, respectively, with corresponding SCT costs of $1,642  vs.  $1,385 and lifetime tDC of disease of $43,306  vs.  $72,439/smoker.   Conclusion:  The number of individuals achieving permanent abstinence at the time of death is greater if smokers make their first quit attempt at age 35-40, rather than later at age 45-50. Despite longer survival times, their costs are lower. The lifetime cost of SCT is negligible compared with the tDC of smoking-attributable diseases. Based on simulations, the timing of SCT initiation is critical to optimize health benefits and to reduce costs of care.
Occurrence and prognostic significance of cytogenetic evolution in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: M Binder, S V Rajkumar, R P Ketterling, A Dispenzieri, M Q Lacy, M A Gertz, F K Buadi, S R Hayman, Y L Hwa, S R Zeldenrust, J A Lust, S J Russell, N Leung, P Kapoor, R S Go, W I Gonsalves, R A Kyle, S K Kumar
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2016)

Abstract Cytogenetic evaluation at the time of diagnosis is essential for risk stratification in multiple myeloma, however little is known about the occurrence and prognostic significance of cytogenetic evolution during follow-up. We studied 989 patients with multiple myeloma, including 304 patients with at least two cytogenetic evaluations. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to assess the associations between the parameters of interest and cytogenetic evolution as well as overall survival. The prognostic significance of baseline cytogenetic abnormalities was most pronounced at the time of diagnosis and attenuated over time. In the patients with serial cytogenetic evaluations, the presence of t (11;14) at the time of diagnosis was associated with decreased odds of cytogenetic evolution during follow-up (odds ratio (OR)=0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.09–0.56, P =0.001), while the presence of at least one trisomy or tetrasomy was associated with increased odds (OR=2.96, 95% CI=1.37–6.42, P =0.006). The development of additional abnormalities during the 3 years following diagnosis was associated with increased subsequent mortality (hazard ratio=3.31, 95% CI=1.73–6.30, P&lt; 0.001). These findings emphasize the importance of the underlying clonal disease process for risk assessment and suggest that selected patients may benefit from repeated risk stratification.
Preventing amsacrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias.
Authors: E J Feldman, Z A Arlin, P Sullivan, C Engelking
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.12.2041 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3681383 Preventing amsacrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias. E J FeldmanxE J FeldmanSearch for articles by this author , Z A ArlinxZ A ArlinSearch for articles by this author , P SullivanxP SullivanSearch for articles by this author , C EngelkingxC EngelkingSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1987.5.12.2041 PDF "Preventing amsacrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5(12), p. 2041© 1987 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Tests on the pill for carcinogenicity. (Letter to the editor)
Authors: Barnes Jm
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The report by the Committee on Safety on Medicines on carcinogenicity tests of oral contraceptives seems to have swept under the carpet potential carcinogenic effects of the pill on humans.  Substances shown to be carcinogenic in animals must be assumed to have the same effect on man or there would be no point in carrying out experiments with animals.  It seems reasonable to prescribe contraceptive pills for women for whom childbearing involves some extra hazard; however in the face of existing animal evidence it would seem prudent to wait for further tests before distributing this active  material wholesale to teen-agers with the assurance of an official medical committee that such use involves no carcinogenic hazard.
The critical role of surgical pathology in personalized medicine: The impact of biopsy cavities in breast cancer samples on recurrence risk when assessed by quantitative RT-PCR
Authors: F. L. Baehner, J. Anderson, C. Millward, C. Sangli, C. Quale, D. Cherbavaz, A. Goddard, S. Shak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e22016 Background: Tumor gene expression analysis using the Recurrence Score (RS) assay is frequently used in ER+ breast cancer. Manual microdissection is performed in cases where biopsy cavities (BxC) are present in the submitted specimen. The objective of this was to characterize by quantitative RT-PCR the impact of BxC on 21 gene expression profiles and the RS. Methods: 48 (15 well, 18 moderate, and 15 poorly differentiated) breast cancers were evaluated for gene expression differences between whole sections (WS; containing BxC) and enriched tumor (ET; BxC excluded). Standardized quantitative RT-PCR analysis for the 21 Oncotype DX genes was performed; reference normalized gene expression measurements ranged from 0 to 15, where each 1-unit reflects an approximate 2-fold change in RNA. Analyses of individual genes and the RS were performed on the entire sample set and stratified by tumor grade. Correlation analyses used Pearson's R, concordance analysis used Lin's sample concordance and paired t- tests to characterize differences. Results: There were statistically significant differences in reference normalized gene expression between ET and WS in 6 genes: BAG1 (ET-WS: 0.13 units, p=0.0025), CD68 (ET-WS: -0.64 units, p&lt;0.0001), ER (ET-WS: 0.29 units, p=0.0012), GSTM1 (ET-WS: 0.18 units p=0.0025), STK15 (ET-WS: -0.18 units, p=0.0041) and STMY3 (ET-WS: 0.62 units, p&lt;0.0001). Expression of the macrophage marker CD68 was higher and expression of ER was lower in WS containing BxC. The correlation (0.95) and concordance (0.92) were generally high between WS and ET for RS overall however among moderately differentially tumors, there was a statistically significant mean increase in RS for WS of 3.3 units (p = 0.0012) while among poorly differentiated tumors there was a trend toward a statistically significant decrease in RS for WS of 2.2 units (p=0.0569). Conclusions: Histologic identification of invasive carcinoma and exclusion of BxC is essential for precise RS assessment. Inclusion of BxC in breast cancer specimens is associated with significant changes in the expression of individual genes and impacts the RS. Removal of BxC from breast cancer specimens assessed for gene expression levels is warranted. [Table: see text]
Reducing Readmissions—Destination or Journey?
Authors: David Atkins, Devan Kansagara
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
An investigation into the use of six facially encoded emotions in brain-computer interfacing
Authors: Ian Daly, Long Chen, Sijie Zhou, Jing Jin
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2016)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based upon event-related potentials (ERPs) can allow fast and accurate communication. The performance of this type of BCI may be improved by the use of images of faces to evoke ERPs. We suggest that using facially encoded emotions may further improve the performance of this BCI. We also investigate how different facially encoded emotions (happiness, sadness, etc.) compare to one another in terms of BCI performance. A group of 10 healthy participants were asked to attempt to control both an offline and an online BCI in which facially encoded emotions were used to evoke ERPs. Facial stimuli were used to encode six basic emotions, surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and sadness. These stimuli were compared to colored-circle stimuli. The results demonstrate that facially encoded emotions result in significantly higher accuracies than the colored-ball condition (p = .028). This suggests that ERP-based BCI systems may benefit from the use of facially encoded emotions as stimuli. Additionally, there was a significant effect of facially encoded emotion on the amplitude of the N600 ERP, and ERP peak amplitudes differed significantly depending on the emotion. For example, fear produced ERPs with the largest standard deviation.
Skin surgery, an evidence-based update: meeting report
Authors: S.M.C. George, A.C. Sherley-Dale
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

The Evidence Based Update on Skin Surgery was held in Nottingham in May 2015. The meeting featured presentations on new diagnostic techniques, trials in development, discussions of recently published trials, and a question and answer session with an expert panel. This report aims to summarize the presentations and discussions from the day.
Half million US women at risk of genital mutilation, study finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

More than 500 000 women and girls in the United States are at risk of genital mutilation, researchers from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have reported in a new study.1 Female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision and female genital cutting, is the ritual removal of some or all of the external female genitalia for cultural or religious reasons.

Despite international condemnation of the procedure as a violation of human rights, it …
Enhanced Recovery after Urological Surgery: A Contemporary Systematic Review of Outcomes, Key Elements, and Research Needs
Authors: Raed A. Azhar, Bernard Bochner, James Catto, Alvin C. Goh, John Kelly, Hiten D. Patel, Raj S. Pruthi, George N. Thalmann, Mihir Desai
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Radiation With or Without Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer—Reply
Authors: Anthony V. D’Amico, Ming-Hui Chen, Philip W. Kantoff
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Combination of the MEK inhibitor pimasertib with BTK or PI3K-delta inhibitors is active in preclinical models of aggressive lymphomas
Authors: E. Gaudio, C. Tarantelli, I. Kwee, C. Barassi, E. Bernasconi, A. Rinaldi, M. Ponzoni, L. Cascione, A. Targa, A. Stathis, S. Goodstal, E. Zucca, F. Bertoni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
The current status of therapy for and prevention of blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia.
Authors: P H Wiernik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1984.2.4.329 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 6368762 The current status of therapy for and prevention of blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia. P H WiernikxP H WiernikSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1984.2.4.329 First Page PDF © 1984 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Effect on mortality of point-of-care, urine-based lipoarabinomannan testing to guide tuberculosis treatment initiation in HIV-positive hospital inpatients: a pragmatic, parallel-group, multicountry, open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jonny G Peter, Lynn S Zijenah, Duncan Chanda, Petra Clowes, Maia Lesosky, Phindile Gina, Nirja Mehta, Greg Calligaro, Carl J Lombard, Gerard Kadzirange, Tsitsi Bandason, Abidan Chansa, Namakando Liusha, Chacha Mangu, Bariki Mtafya, Henry Msila, Andrea Rachow, Michael Hoelscher, Peter Mwaba, Grant Theron, Keertan Dheda
Journal: The Lancet (2016)