tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Achieving Worldwide Tobacco Control
Authors: Gro Harlem Brundtland
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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Effects of Anticytokine Therapy in a Mouse Model of Chronic Asthma
Authors: Rakesh K. Kumar, Cristan Herbert, Dianne C. Webb, Lily Li, Paul S. Foster
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The relative contribution of Th2 and Th1 cytokines to the pathogenesis of lesions of chronic asthma remains poorly understood. To date, therapeutic inhibition of Th2 cytokines has proved disappointing. We used a clinically relevant model of chronic allergic asthma in mice to compare the effects of administering neutralizing antibodies to interleukin (IL)-13, IL-5, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to animals with established disease. As has been observed in clinical studies, anti-IL-5 inhibited both inflammation and remodeling but had no effect on airway responsiveness to methacholine. Anti-IL-13 effectively suppressed eosinophil recruitment and accumulation of chronic inflammatory cells in the airways. This treatment also partially suppressed changes of airway wall remodeling, including goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia and subepithelial fibrosis, but had limited ability to inhibit airway hyperreactivity (AHR). In contrast, treatment with anti-IFN-gamma markedly suppressed AHR. This antibody inhibited accumulation of chronic inflammatory cells but did not affect eosinophil recruitment or changes of remodeling. We conclude that inhibition of IL-5 is beneficial and that inhibition of IL-13 has considerable potential as a therapeutic strategy in chronic asthma, that IFN-gamma may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AHR, and that co-operative interaction between Th2 and Th1 cytokines contributes to the pathogenesis of the lesions of chronic asthma.
Identification of a novel<i>PNPLA1</i>mutation in a Spanish family with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis
Authors: L. Fachal, L. Rodríguez-Pazos, M. Ginarte, A. Carracedo, J. Toribio, A. Vega
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Identification of a novel PNPLA1 mutation in a Spanish family with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis Get access L. Fachal, L. Fachal Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica‐SERGAS Grupo de Medicina Xenómica‐USC CIBERER IDIS Santiago de Compostela Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Rodríguez‐Pazos, L. Rodríguez‐Pazos Dermatology Service University Hospital Complex of Ferrol SERGAS Ferrol Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Ginarte, M. Ginarte Department of Dermatology University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela SERGAS Santiago de Compostela SpainFaculty of Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Carracedo, A. Carracedo Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica‐SERGAS Grupo de Medicina Xenómica‐USC CIBERER IDIS Santiago de Compostela SpainFaculty of Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Toribio, J. Toribio Department of Dermatology University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela SERGAS Santiago de Compostela SpainFaculty of Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Vega A. Vega Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica‐SERGAS Grupo de Medicina Xenómica‐USC CIBERER IDIS Santiago de Compostela Spain Correspondence:Ana Vega. E‐mail: ana.vega@usc.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 170, Issue 4, 1 April 2014, Pages 980–982, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12757 Published: 01 April 2014
G.M.C. proposals and vocational training
Authors: B. T. Thorne, R. A. Binning, A. Brown, S. H. C. Clarke, T. A. Copp, S. P. Hall-Smith, E. C. B. Keat, N. H. Porter, P. A. L. Roberts, J. A. P. Trafford
Journal: BMJ (1969)

requirement is hammered through our quali- fication will be the longest in the world ?These moves of compulsory service are not in accord with the freedom of this country.The Royal Commission has thrown our present qualifications into unbelievable ridicule, and the G.M.C. has not only accepted this ridicule but is bending over backwards to follow its suggestions at the expense of the freedom and choice of
Cxcr2 and Cxcl5 regulate the IL-17/G-CSF axis and neutrophil homeostasis in mice
Authors: Junjie Mei, Yuhong Liu, Ning Dai, Christian Hoffmann, Kristin M. Hudock, Peggy Zhang, Susan H. Guttentag, Jay K. Kolls, Paula M. Oliver, Frederic D. Bushman, G. Scott Worthen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Neutrophils are essential for maintaining innate immune surveillance under normal conditions, but also represent a major contributor to tissue damage during inflammation. Neutrophil homeostasis is therefore tightly regulated. Cxcr2 plays a critical role in neutrophil homeostasis, as Cxcr2–/– mice demonstrate mild neutrophilia and severe neutrophil hyperplasia in the bone marrow. The mechanisms underlying these phenotypes, however, are unclear. We report here that Cxcr2 on murine neutrophils inhibits the IL-17A/G-CSF axis that regulates neutrophil homeostasis. Furthermore, enterocyte-derived Cxcl5 in the gut regulates IL-17/G-CSF levels and contributes to Cxcr2-dependent neutrophil homeostasis. Conversely, G-CSF was required for Cxcl5-dependent regulation of neutrophil homeostasis, and inhibition of IL-17A reduced plasma G-CSF concentrations and marrow neutrophil numbers in both Cxcl5–/– and Cxcr2–/– mice. Cxcr2–/– mice constitutively expressed IL-17A and showed increased numbers of IL-17A–producing cells in the lung, terminal ileum, and spleen. Most IL-17–producing splenocytes were responsive to IL-1β plus IL-23 in vitro. Depletion of commensal microbes by antibiotic treatment in Cxcr2–/– mice markedly decreased IL-17A and G-CSF expression, neutrophilia, and marrow myeloid hyperplasia. These data suggest a critical role for Cxcr2, Cxcl5, and commensal bacteria in regulation of the IL-17/G-CSF axis and neutrophil homeostasis at mucosal sites and have implications for the development of treatments for pathologies resulting from either excessive or ineffective neutrophil responses.
Acute Myocardial Infarction at High Altitude
Authors: S. J. Hutchison, J. A. Litch
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Myocardial infarction at high altitude is uncommon, and the effect of high altitude on coronary syndromes is controversial.<sup>1</sup>In the last 15 years, trekkers with acute coronary syndromes have been rarely, if ever, reported by physicians at high-altitude clinics (J.A.L., unpublished data, 1997). <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 29-year-old athletic man developed retrosternal chest pressure while climbing in the Khumbu Icefall of Mount Everest (5900 m), where the oxygen tension is approximately 75 mm Hg. He had experienced an episode of chest tightness 2 weeks earlier on arrival at the base camp (5500 m). The patient had no prior episodes of chest pain; hadno history of tobacco use, recreational drug use, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, migraines, or Raynaud phenomenon; and had no family history of premature coronary artery disease. The patient was taking acetazolamide for the
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: update
Authors: M G Bramble
Journal: Gut (2004)

Two years ago we reported current thinking on the potential for gastrointestinal endoscopy to act as a vector for patient to patient transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD).1 In that article we stressed that the advice would be updated if new evidence became available. Gastroenterologists may be aware of a recently published article in the Lancet 2 that describes the tissue distribution of abnormal prion protein (PrPsc) in monkeys that have been inoculated with brain homogenate from first passage animals with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) via the oral route, which is the route by which the vast majority of patients developing vCJD will have become infected. As the prion protein responsible for vCJD …
Assessment of the 2006 revised antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria
Authors: M. Kaul, D. Erkan, L. Sammaritano, M. D Lockshin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<b>Objective:</b> To analyse antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody-positive patients using the 2006 revised antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) classification criteria. <b>Methods:</b> A descriptive study of 200 aPL-positive patients identified in a local, hospital-based registry, analysing demographic, clinical and aPL characteristics. Patients were analysed for (1) fulfilment of the 1999 original (Sapporo) and 2006 revised APS classification criteria; (2) non-criteria aPL features (for all aPL-positive patients, based on the 2006 revised criteria definitions); and (3) non-aPL thrombosis risk factors at the time of the clinical events (for patients with APS, based on the 2006 revised criteria stratifications). <b>Results:</b> Of the 200 patients, 183 patients had sufficient data for analysis. Of these, 39 (21%) patients did not meet the laboratory requirement of the original 1999 criteria. Of 81 patients with APS who met the 1999 classification criteria, 47 (58%) also met the 2006 revised criteria. Of 63 asymptomatic (no vascular or pregnancy events) aPL-positive patients who met the laboratory requirement of the 1999 classification criteria, 38 (60%) also met the laboratory requirement of the 2006 revised criteria. More than 50% of the patients with APS with vascular events had identifiable non-aPL thrombosis risk factors at the time of clinical events. <b>Conclusions:</b> Only 59% of the patients meeting the 1999 APS Sapporo classification criteria met the 2006 APS classification criteria. The revised criteria will have positive implications in APS research by way of limiting the inclusion of a heterogeneous group of patients and also by way of providing a risk-stratified approach.
PRECIPITIN RESPONSE IN THE BLOOD OF RABBITS FOLLOWING SUBARACHNOID INJECTIONS OF HORSE SERUM
Authors: Harry L. Alexander
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

1. Rabbits which have received a single dose of normal horse serum in the subarachnoid space produce precipitins in the blood in greater abundance, of higher titer, and persisting longer than those in control rabbits which have received a similar injection intravenously. 2. Repeated subarachnoid injections of normal horse serum in rabbits induce precipitins in the blood early. These may appear in high titer as soon as 1 week after the initial injection, whereas in rabbits similarly treated intravenously no precipitins are found at this time. They may appear a few days afterward and reach a high titer. 3. No anaphylactic manifestations occurred in rabbits treated repeatedly with subarachnoid injections of normal horse serum when the precipitin content of the blood was high. 4. Anaphylactins, as determined by passive transfer of anaphylaxis, were demonstrated in sera with high precipitin content. 5. These experiments may explain clinical evidences of anaphylaxis, observed when an initial intravenous injection of horse serum followed a series of intraspinal injections of such serum.
Phase II randomized trial of vinorelbine and gemcitabine versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: R.C. Lilenbaum, C.-S. Chen, T. Chidiac, P.O. Schwarzenberger, M. Thant, M. Versola, S.R. Lane
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
Repeatability of lung function tests during methacholine challenge in wheezy infants
Authors: C. Delacourt, M.-R. Benoist, S. Waernessyckle, P. Rufin, J.-J. Brouard, J. de Blic, P. Scheinmann
Journal: Thorax (1998)

The repeatability of lung function tests and methacholine inhalation tests was evaluated in recurrently wheezy infants over a one month period using the rapid thoracic compression technique.Eighty-one wheezy, symptom free infants had pairs of methacholine challenge tests performed one month apart. Maximal flow at functional residual capacity (VmaxFRC) and transcutaneous oxygen tension (Ptco2) were measured at baseline and after methacholine inhalation. Provocative doses of methacholine causing a 15% fall in Ptco2 (PD15 Ptco2) or a 30% fall in VmaxFRC (PD30 VmaxFRC) were determined.Large changes in VmaxFRC were measured from T1 to T2 with a mean difference between measurements (T2-T1) of 7 (113) ml/s and a 95% range for a single determination for VmaxFRC of 160 ml/s. The mean (SD) difference between pairs of PD30 VmaxFRC measurements was 0.33 (1.89) doubling doses with a 95% range for a single determination of 2.7 doubling doses. Repeatability of PD15Ptco2 was similar. A change of 3.7 doubling doses of methacholine measured on successive occasions represents a significant change.Baseline VmaxFRC values are highly variable in wheezy, symptom free infants. Using either VmaxFRC or Ptco2 as the outcome measure for methacholine challenges provided similar repeatability. A change of more than 3.7 doubling doses of methacholine is required for clinical significance.
An invasive mosquito species Aedes albopictus found in the Czech Republic, 2012
Authors: O Šebesta, I Rudolf, L Betášová, J Peško, Z Hubálek
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

Between July and September 2012, seventeen larvae of the invasive mosquito species Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) were discovered using 60 ovitraps at four study sites alongside two main road exits in South Moravia, Czech Republic. This is the first report of imported Ae. albopictus in the Czech Republic. The findings highlight the need for a regular surveillance programme to monitor this invasive species throughout western and central Europe.
Half pipe snowboarding: an (un)forgettable experience or an increasing risk for head injury?: Figure 1
Authors: G P Rajan, R Zellweger
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

The case is presented of a professional half pipe snowboarder with a large post-traumatic subdural haematoma, which allowed close to normal functioning and socialisation. It is an example of a potentially life threatening sports injury in an increasingly commercialised and popular winter sport. It highlights that a knowledge of injury patterns and a high level of suspicion should be maintained in the treatment of snowboarding injuries.
Sickle Trait in African-American Hemodialysis Patients and Higher Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Dose
Authors: Vimal K. Derebail, Eduardo K. Lacson, Abhijit V. Kshirsagar, Nigel S. Key, Susan L. Hogan, Raymond M. Hakim, Ann Mooney, Chinu M. Jani, Curtis Johnson, Yichun Hu, Ronald J. Falk, J. Michael Lazarus
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

African Americans require higher doses of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) during dialysis to manage anemia, but the influence of sickle cell trait and other hemoglobinopathy traits on anemia in dialysis patients has not been adequately evaluated. We performed a cross-sectional study of a large cohort of adult African-American hemodialysis patients in the United States to determine the prevalence of hemoglobinopathy traits and quantify their influence on ESA dosing. Laboratory and clinical data were obtained over 6 months in 2011. Among 5319 African-American patients, 542 (10.2%) patients had sickle cell trait, and 129 (2.4%) patients had hemoglobin C trait; no other hemoglobinopathy traits were present. Sickle cell trait was more common in this cohort than the general African-American population (10.2% versus 6.5%–8.7%, respectively, P<0.05). Among 5002 patients (10.3% sickle cell trait and 2.4% hemoglobin C trait) receiving ESAs, demographic and clinical variables were similar across groups, with achieved hemoglobin levels being nearly identical. Patients with hemoglobinopathy traits received higher median doses of ESA than patients with normal hemoglobin (4737.4 versus 4364.1 units/treatment, respectively, P=0.02). In multivariable analyses, hemoglobinopathy traits associated with 13.2% more ESA per treatment (P=0.001). Within subgroups, sickle cell trait patients received 13.2% (P=0.003) higher dose and hemoglobin C trait patients exhibited a similar difference (12.9%, P=0.12). Sensitivity analyses using weight-based dosing definitions and separate logistic regression models showed comparable associations. Our findings suggest that the presence of sickle cell trait and hemoglobin C trait may explain, at least in part, prior observations of greater ESA doses administered to African-American dialysis patients relative to Caucasian patients.
IS CT OF ABDOMEN A RELIABLE INDICATOR FOR SIGNIFICANT COLONIC PATHOLOGY?
Authors: P Maheshwari, U Jilani, C Goulding
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We have noticed in our endoscopy unit that abnormality on abdominal CT is becoming a frequent indication for colonoscopy. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> The primary aim of this retrospective study was to compare the gold standard of colonoscopy with CT findings. <h3>Method</h3> Using the Unisoft database of our endoscopy unit we retrospectively reviewed all colonoscopies done over a consecutive 6 months period from July to December. We analysed this data looking at colonoscopy results of those whose indication was abnormal CT scan and the CT scan results of those patients with abnormal colonoscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi square and Fishers exact test on SPSS. A P- value of 0.05 was taken as significant. <h3>Results</h3> 856 colonoscopies were performed within the study time period, of these 88 (9.62%) also had CT scans performed within the same month. 46 (52%) CT scans were performed before the colonoscopy. 33 CTs had been reported as showing colitis and 46 as showing tumour. Of 33 with colitis on CT scan only 16 (57%) had colitis confirmed on colonoscopy and 14(48%) were normal (P=0.0003 Chi square, P=0.0005 Fishers exact test) . Of 46 patients with colonic tumour reported on CT scan, 32(70%) had tumour confirmed on colonoscopy, 12 (26%) were normal (P=0.0034 on chi square, P=0.0053 Fishers exact test).While 9 CT scans were reported as normal, on colonoscopy, 6 of these had large colonic tumour and 3 had colitis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study suggest that CT scan over diagnose colitis but more importantly may under diagnose colonic tumours.
Deep vein thrombosis in cancer: the scale of the problem and approaches to management
Authors: A. Falanga, L. Zacharski
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)

Patients with cancer have long been recognised to be at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), although the condition remains under diagnosed and under treated in these patients. As a consequence, the morbidity and mortality due to deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism remains unacceptably high in this group. Furthermore, the management of VTE in the presence of malignancy is complex, due both to the effects of the cancer itself and its treatments. Conventional long-term management of VTE involves the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), such as warfarin, to reduce the risk of recurrence. However, this approach is associated with a range of practical difficulties including the need for regular laboratory monitoring, the potential for drug interactions, in addition to the risk of treatment resistance and bleeding in patients with cancer. Recent research indicates that the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) therapy instead of VKAs may be beneficial in these patients. In particular, evidence from a large clinical trial of the LMWH dalteparin indicates that this agent offers an effective alternative to VKAs in the long-term management of VTE, that is free from the practical problems associated with the use of VKAs and without increasing the risk of bleeding.
The unknown warrior
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Mrs O’Toole has for years waged an unrelenting and deeply personal war against childhood fevers. She knows every trick in the book, every strategy, and every route of attack (oral, axillary, and rectal), and as usual she began with a breathless hour by hour account of the previous night’s skirmish.

“Wee Johnny’s temperature was up at eight o’clock. I got it down by giving him Calpol, then it came up again, so at 22 hundred hours I dropped him in a bath …
Influence of Talc Dose on Extrapleural Talc Dissemination after Talc Pleurodesis
Authors: Juan F. Montes, Jaume Ferrer, María A. Villarino, Bernat Baeza, Marta Crespo, José García-Valero
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

This study was designed to ascertain, in a rabbit model, extrapleural talc deposition and the related inflammatory response after talc slurry pleurodesis with two clinical doses, 200 and 50 mg/kg. Histopathologic evaluations revealed that whereas numerous rabbits receiving a high dose had talc in the ipsilateral (70%) and contralateral (55%) lung, mediastinum (90%), pericardium (30%), and liver (25%), a small number of animals treated with a low dose showed talc in the ipsilateral lung (10%) and mediastinum (20%) and none in the contralateral lung, pericardium, or liver. Hematologic and immunocytochemical analyses showed that a systemic inflammatory response develops shortly after pleurodesis with a high talc dose involving massive accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in lung tissue. Zymography also revealed that the pulmonary expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 was up-regulated in both lungs in a dose-dependent manner soon after talc instillation. Furthermore, microscopic examination of lung specimens revealed that the higher the dose of talc, the greater the development of both fibrotic visceral pleural thickening and foreign-body granulomas. These findings show pleurodesis with a high talc dose to be associated with an increased risk of extrapleural talc deposition, which may originate undesirable acute and chronic inflammatory responses.