tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Probability of Viremia with HBV, HCV, HIV, and HTLV among Tissue Donors in the United States
Authors: Shimian Zou, Roger Y. Dodd, Susan L. Stramer, D. Michael Strong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Tissue-banking organizations in the United States have introduced various review and testing procedures to reduce the risk of the transmission of viral infections from tissue grafts. We estimated the current probability of undetected viremia with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) among tissue donors.Rates of prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies against HIV (anti-HIV), HCV (anti-HCV), and HTLV (anti-HTLV) were determined among 11,391 donors to five tissue banks in the United States. The data were compared with those of first-time blood donors in order to generate estimated incidence rates among tissue donors. The probability of viremia undetected by screening at the time of tissue donation was estimated on the basis of the incidence estimates and the window periods for these infections.The prevalence of confirmed positive tests among tissue donors was 0.093 percent for anti-HIV, 0.229 percent for HBsAg, 1.091 percent for anti-HCV, and 0.068 percent for anti-HTLV. The incidence rates were estimated to be 30.118, 18.325, 12.380, and 5.586 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The estimated probability of viremia at the time of donation was 1 in 55,000, 1 in 34,000, 1 in 42,000, and 1 in 128,000, respectively.The prevalence rates of HBV, HCV, HIV, and HTLV infections are lower among tissue donors than in the general population. However, the estimated probability of undetected viremia at the time of tissue donation is higher among tissue donors than among first-time blood donors. The addition of nucleic acid-amplification testing to the screening of tissue donors should reduce the risk of these infections among recipients of donated tissues.
Surviving pediatric intensive care: physical outcome after 3 months
Authors: Hendrika Knoester, Madelon B. Bronner, Albert P. Bos
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

This study investigated the prevalence and nature of physical and neurocognitive sequelae in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors. Prospective follow-up study 3 months after discharge from a 14-bed tertiary PICU in The Netherlands. The families of 250 previously healthy children unexpectedly admitted to the PICU were invited to visit the outpatient follow-up clinic for structured medical examination of the child 3 months after discharge; 186 patients were evaluated. Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) and Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC) values were determined at PICU discharge, at the outpatient follow-up clinic, and retrospectively before admission to the PICU. We found that 69% of children had physical sequelae. In 30% of cases these were caused by a previously unknown illness and in 39% by acquired morbidity. In 8% of the children the acquired morbidity was related to complications from PICU procedures. Three months after discharge 77% of the children had normal PCPC scores and 31% had normal POPC scores. Our results indicate that PICU survival may be associated with substantial physical sequelae. Structured follow-up research, preferably by multicenter studies, is warranted in PICU survivors.
Enteric Fever in a Child Fifteen Months Old
Authors: A. D. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1879)

Diphtheria and sore throats are often due to sewer-gas.House No. 12 seems to prove that the poison which generated diphtheria in the child, in the three adults caused bad sore thioats.Several cases of death from puerperal fever have occurred, generally in houses which are subject to bad sanitary arrangements, especially as it regards drainage and ventilation.I have had a large number of abscesses in children during the past summer.In nearly every instance there were strong reasons to believe it to be due to sewer-gas.As a rule, if two or more persons in a house are suffering from summer-diarrhoea, or abscesses, we may suspect sewer-gas.Sewer-gas is especially dangerous to children.Older persons may resist its influence; but in them it will probably be the cause of anmmia, nausea, and headache.In the winter, when the decomposition of sewage-matter is far less active than in the summer, I have found that infantile diarrhoea and abscesses are very few when compared with the number of cases occurring in the summer months.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Is a Potent Endogenous Mutagen that Promotes Cellular Transformation
Authors: Bin Yan, Huili Wang, Zahid N. Rabbani, Yulin Zhao, Wenrong Li, Yuqing Yuan, Fang Li, Mark W. Dewhirst, Chuan-Yuan Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an important inflammation cytokine without known direct effect on DNA. In this study, we found that TNF-α can cause DNA damages through reactive oxygen species. The mutagenic effect of TNF-α is comparable with that of ionizing radiation. TNF-α treatment in cultured cells resulted in increased gene mutations, gene amplification, micronuclei formation, and chromosomal instability. Antioxidants significantly reduced TNF-α–induced genetic damage. TNF-α also induced oxidative stress and nucleotide damages in mouse tissues in vivo. Moreover, TNF-α treatment alone led to increased malignant transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts, which could be partially suppressed by antioxidants. As TNF-α is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as chronic hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, and chronic skin ulcers, and these diseases predispose the patients to cancer development, our results suggest a novel pathway through which TNF-α promotes cancer development through induction of gene mutations, in addition to the previously reported mechanisms, in which nuclear factor-κB activation was implicated. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11565-70)
Discontinuation of Low-Dose Aspirin Therapy After Peptic Ulcer Bleeding Increases Risk of Death and Acute Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Maryam Derogar, Gabriel Sandblom, Lars Lundell, Nicola Orsini, Matteo Bottai, Yunxia Lu, Omid Sadr–Azodi
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
A randomized, double-blind study of romiplostim to determine its safety and efficacy in children with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: James B. Bussel, George R. Buchanan, Diane J. Nugent, David J. Gnarra, Lisa R. Bomgaars, Victor S. Blanchette, Yow-Ming Wang, Kun Nie, Susie Jun
Journal: Blood (2011)
Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: D. Dunbar Ivy, Steven H. Abman, Robyn J. Barst, Rolf M.F. Berger, Damien Bonnet, Thomas R. Fleming, Sheila G. Haworth, J. Usha Raj, Erika B. Rosenzweig, Ingram Schulze Neick, Robin H. Steinhorn, Maurice Beghetti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Eotaxin protein and gene expression in guinea-pig lungs: constitutive expression and upregulation after allergen challenge
Authors: D Li, D Wang, DA Griffiths-Johnson, TN Wells, TJ Williams, PJ Jose, PK Jeffery
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Eotaxin is an eosinophil-specific chemoattractant originally identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after allergen challenge of sensitized guinea-pigs. We have determined and quantified for the first time the cellular sources of guinea-pig lung eotaxin and localized gene expression in structural cells of large and small airways and in alveolar macrophages. We used anti-guinea-pig eotaxin monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and a complementary ribonucleic acid (cRNA) probe to detect eotaxin protein and cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts by the techniques of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in: 1) naive; 2) ovalbumin-sensitized/ saline-exposed; and 3) ovalbumin-sensitized/ovalbumin-challenged animals (n = 5 for each group). Compared with the naive animals, there was a fivefold increase of eotaxin protein and a 25 fold upregulation of eotaxin gene expression in the airway epithelium 3 h after ovalbumin challenge of sensitized animals (p &lt; 0.001). The average percentages of alveolar macrophages staining for eotaxin protein and mRNA in the naive animals were approximately 30 and 10% respectively: both increased significantly in the sensitized/ovalbumin-challenged animals to 78 and 57%, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001). Compared with the naive animals, the procedure of sensitization and saline exposure significantly increased eotaxin gene expression in both bronchial epithelium and alveolar macrophages (p &lt; 0.01): the upregulation at these two sites showed a strong positive association (rcorr = 0.95; p &lt; 0.0001). The results indicate that there are multiple cellular sources of guinea-pig lung-derived eotaxin, including bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle, bronchial vascular endothelium, and chondrocytes and alveolar macrophages, and that there are relatively rapid and marked increases of eotaxin protein and gene expression in airway epithelium and alveolar macrophages following allergen challenge.
THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF LONDON SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: M. I. Finucane
Journal: BMJ (1909)

<b>Background</b><b>:</b> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung condition of uncertain aetiology that afflicts patients with progressive shortness of breath, cough, reduced exercise tolerance and quality of life. This may, at least in part, be due to daily physical inactivity. Therefore symptomatic patients with lung fibrosis may be good candidates for comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs. <b>Aim of work:</b> To evaluate the role of PR program in improving the functional status and dyspnea scale in patients with IPF. <b>Material and methods:</b> Thirty patients had IPF, according to the recent consensus statement, were subjected to PR program that mainly consisted of three sessions per week for eight weeks duration. The program basically consisted of upper and lower extremities exercises, breathing exercise, and chest physical therapy. Psychological support and patient education rounded out the program. Pulmonary function, blood gas analysis, Diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide [DLco], 6- minute walking distance (6-MWD), dyspnoea rating with the Modified Borg Scale (MBS) and health-related quality oflife (HRQL) score on the St George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score were evaluated at baseline, after four weeks and at the end of eighth week of the program. <b>Results:</b> There were significant improvement of dyspnea score (P=0.001), 6MWT( P=0.001), % predicted of forced vital capacity (FVC% predicted) (P=0.001) and HRQL assessed by SGRQ score (P=0.001).However, arterial blood gas values and DLco showed no significant improvement at the end of the program. <b>Conclusions</b>: PR improves dyspnea score, exercise capacity and HRQL in patients with IPF.
Natural History of Very Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Raphael Rosenhek, Robert Zilberszac, Michael Schemper, Martin Czerny, Gerald Mundigler, Senta Graf, Jutta Bergler-Klein, Michael Grimm, Harald Gabriel, Gerald Maurer
Journal: Circulation (2009)

We sought to assess the outcome of asymptomatic patients with very severe aortic stenosis.We prospectively followed 116 consecutive asymptomatic patients (57 women; age, 67 + or - 16 years) with very severe isolated aortic stenosis defined by a peak aortic jet velocity (AV-Vel) > or = 5.0 m/s (average AV-Vel, 5.37 + or - 0.35 m/s; valve area, 0.63 + or - 0.12 cm(2)). During a median follow-up of 41 months (interquartile range, 26 to 63 months), 96 events occurred (indication for aortic valve replacement, 90; cardiac deaths, 6). Event-free survival was 64%, 36%, 25%, 12%, and 3% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 years, respectively. AV-Vel but not aortic valve area was shown to independently affect event-free survival. Patients with an AV-Vel > or = 5.5 m/s had an event-free survival of 44%, 25%, 11%, and 4% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively, compared with 76%, 43%, 33%, and 17% for patients with an AV-Vel between 5.0 and 5.5 m/s (P<0.0001). Six cardiac deaths occurred in previously asymptomatic patients (sudden death, 1; congestive heart failure, 4; myocardial infarction, 1). Patients with an initial AV-Vel > or = 5.5 m/s had a higher likelihood (52%) of severe symptom onset (New York Heart Association or Canadian Cardiovascular Society class >II) than those with an AV-Vel between 5.0 and 5.5 m/s (27%; P=0.03).Despite being asymptomatic, patients with very severe aortic stenosis have a poor prognosis with a high event rate and a risk of rapid functional deterioration. Early elective valve replacement surgery should therefore be considered in these patients.
<i>Mycobacterium fortuitum</i>infection in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion sites
Authors: D. López Aventín, B. Rubio González, G. Petiti Martín, S. Segura, J.L. Rodríguez-Peralto, E. Riveiro-Falkenbach, J. Puig, R.M. Pujol
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Mycobacterium fortuitum is an atypical rapidly growing mycobacterium widely distributed in soil, dust and water, which can behave as an opportunistic human pathogen.1 Accidental injuries, medical procedures (surgery, injections and catheters) or medical and paramedical cosmetic procedures are often incriminated as the portal of entry for skin and soft tissue infections caused by this microorganism.2 Herein, we report two cases in which a localized M. fortuitum cutaneous infection developed on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) sites during pump therapy. A 34‐year‐old woman with a 23‐year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) had been using CSII therapy for 20 years achieving an acceptable glycaemic control (HbA1C 7–7·5%). The patient used to change the injection site every 7 days. Multiple erythematous, tender papules and pustules had developed on previous abdominal infusion sites starting 6 months prior to review (Fig. 1a). No associated systemic symptoms were present. Histopathological examination disclosed deep dermal abscesses without other remarkable features (Fig. 1b,c). Special stains for microorganisms [Gram, Grocott, periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and Ziehl‐Neelsen staining] and tissue cultures for bacteria and fungi were negative. However, mycobacterial cultures [Löwenstein‐Jensen and BacT/ALERT® MB liquid culture system (bioMérieux, Durham, NC, U.S.A.) at 30 and 37 °C] of the biopsy specimen were positive. Mycobacterium fortuitum was identified by INNO‐LiPA MYCOBACTERIA v2 assay (Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium). In addition, cultures of various pump components yielded M. fortuitum. Ciprofloxacin (500 mg orally, twice daily) and clarithromycin (500 mg orally, twice daily) for 3 months, followed by ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice daily for 1 additional month, led to a complete cure of all the lesions. The patient was also advised to stop using the insulin pump and multiple injection therapy was initiated until achieving a complete resolution of the lesions. After 24‐month follow‐up, no new lesions developed but residual postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was present.
Long-spacing collagen in skin biopsies from patients with lepromatous leprosy
Authors: ROSA P. EDWARDS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In the course of evaluating the effect of different drugs on the morphology of Mycobacterium leprae (Edwards, Draper & Draper, 1972) and on the phagocytic cells containing these organisms (Edwards, 1973), an unusual feature was observed in the dermal connective tissue of skin biopsies obtained from some of the patients. Variable amounts of an extracellular, cross‐striated osmiophilic material were present in the dermis. The purpose of this communication is to describe the banded substance observed in the extracellular space of the lepromatous skin and to compare it briefly with similar substances and structures reported to occur elsewhere.
A new psoralen-containing gel for topical PUVA therapy: development, and treatment results in patients with palmoplantar and plaque-type psoriasis, and hyperkeratotic eczema
Authors: M.A. RIE, J.P. EENDENBURG, A.C. VKRSNICK, L.M.L. STOLK, J.D. BOS, W. WESTERHOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article A new psoralen‐containing gel for topical PUVA therapy: development, and treatment results in patients with palmoplantar and plaque‐type psoriasis, and hyperkeratotic eczema Get access M.A. DE RIE, M.A. DE RIE Academic Medical Center. University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700. 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.P. VAN EENDENBURG, J.P. VAN EENDENBURG Academic Medical Center. University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700. 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.C. VKRSNICK, A.C. VKRSNICK Academic Medical Center. University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700. 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.M.L. STOLK, L.M.L. STOLK Department of Dermatology, Pharmacy, PO Box 22700. 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. BOS, J.D. BOS Academic Medical Center. University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700. 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. WESTERHOF W. WESTERHOF Academic Medical Center. University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700. 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 132, Issue 6, 1 June 1995, Pages 964–969, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb16956.x Published: 01 June 1995 Article history Accepted: 06 September 1994 Published: 01 June 1995
THE IL-4 RECEPTOR: Signaling Mechanisms and Biologic Functions
Authors: Keats Nelms, Achsah D. Keegan, José Zamorano, John J. Ryan, William E. Paul
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1999)

▪ Abstract Interleukin-4 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses. Its effects depend upon binding to and signaling through a receptor complex consisting of the IL-4Rα chain and the common gamma chain (γc), resulting in a series of phosphorylation events mediated by receptor-associated kinases. In turn, these cause the recruitment of mediators of cell growth, of resistance to apoptosis, and of gene activation and differentiation. Here we describe our current understanding of the organization of the IL-4 receptor, of the signaling pathways that are induced as a result of receptor occupancy, and of the various mechanisms through which receptor function is modulated. We particularly emphasize the modular nature of the receptor and the specialization of different receptor regions for distinct functions, most notably the independent regulation of cell growth and gene activation.
Concomitant Psychotropic Medication for Youths
Authors: Daniel J. Safer, Julie Magno Zito, Susan dosReis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: This study reviewed the clinical research and practice literature relating to the prevalence and patterns of concomitant psychotropic medication given to youths with emotional and behavioral disorders. METHOD: A MEDLINE search from 1996 through spring 2002, including a review of references from relevant published articles and reports, was undertaken to identify available information on concomitant psychotropic medication for youths. RESULTS: The data supporting concomitant psychotropic medication for youths are almost exclusively based on case reports and small-scale, nonblind assessments. In the mid-1990s, over 20% of outpatient youths treated in community mental health centers and over 40% of youths treated in inpatient psychiatric facilities were given concomitant psychotropic medication. The rate has since increased. Psychiatrists more than primary care physicians prescribe concomitant psychotropic medication, and they show great variability in their prescribing habits. Youths with aggressive behavior, male gender, severe emotional illness, and disabling social maladjustment are most likely to receive concomitant psychotropic medication. CONCLUSIONS: Substantive systematic evidence is needed to clarify this increasingly common, inadequately researched child psychopharmacologic practice.
Genome-wide expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis of diurnally regulated genes in the mouse prefrontal cortex
Authors: Shuzhang Yang, Kai Wang, Otto Valladares, Sridhar Hannenhalli, Maja Bucan
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract Background The prefrontal cortex is important in regulating sleep and mood. Diurnally regulated genes in the prefrontal cortex may be controlled by the circadian system, by sleep:wake states, or by cellular metabolism or environmental responses. Bioinformatics analysis of these genes will provide insights into a wide-range of pathways that are involved in the pathophysiology of sleep disorders and psychiatric disorders with sleep disturbances. Results We examined gene expression in the mouse prefrontal cortex at four time points during a 24 hour (12 hour light:12 hour dark) cycle using microarrays, and identified 3,890 transcripts corresponding to 2,927 genes with diurnally regulated expression patterns. We show that 16% of the genes identified in our study are orthologs of identified clock, clock controlled or sleep/wakefulness induced genes in the mouse liver and suprachiasmatic nucleus, rat cortex and cerebellum, or Drosophila head. The diurnal expression patterns were confirmed for 16 out of 18 genes in an independent set of RNA samples. The diurnal genes fall into eight temporal categories with distinct functional attributes, as assessed by Gene Ontology classification and analysis of enriched transcription factor binding sites. Conclusion Our analysis demonstrates that approximately 10% of transcripts have diurnally regulated expression patterns in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Functional annotation of these genes will be important for the selection of candidate genes for behavioral mutants in the mouse and for genetic studies of disorders associated with anomalies in the sleep:wake cycle and circadian rhythm.
ACTIVATED (IRRADIATED) FLUORESCEIN IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER
Authors: S. M. Copeman
Journal: BMJ (1931)

Graves of Harvard University, spoken in 1927 at the British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology22:Conservative surgery of the pelvis is one of the most important branches of all gynaecology, in that its proper performance requires great skill, expert judgement, and a thorough knowledge of pelvic pathology.Succe ss depends, therefore, in a great measure on the indlividual capacity of the operator.