tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Macrophages Against Marek's Disease Virus Plaque Formation in Chicken Kidney Cell Cultures<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: H Kodama, T Mikami, M Inoue, H Izawa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Inhibition of plaque formation by Marek's disease virus (MDV) in chicken kidney cell cultures was investigated with the use of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from chickens. PEC from MDV-infected White Leghorn chickens inhibited the formation of MDV plaques, whereas the inhibitory effect of PEC from chickens vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) or PEC from normal chickens was very weak. However, PEC from either normal chickens or HVT-vaccinated chickens inhibited the MDV plaque formation in the presence of serum from MDV-infected chickens but not from normal or HVT-vaccinated chickens. The capacity of PEC to inhibit plaque formation was significantly reduced when PEC was treated with carrageenan but not with antithymus or antibursa cell serum. These results indicate that macrophages may have a role in protection against Marek's disease by reducing the number of MDV-infected cells and thereby decreasing the spread of the virus in vivo.
Blood Sugar Changes Induced by Methylglyoxal Bis(Guanylhydrazone) in &lt;italic&gt;Opsanus Tau&lt;/italic&gt;
Authors: Jerome B. Block, W. Walter Oppelt, William R. Kirkham, David P. Rall
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Possible mechanisms of blood sugar alterations reported with methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (Me-GAG) were investigated in the Chesapeake Bay oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) because of its separate islet of Langerhans and aglomerular kidney. With 50 mg per kg of Me-GAG, hypoglycemia was observed. With 100 mg per kg, hyper-glycemia was evident. Hyperglycemia after Me-GAG was accentuated by simultaneous treatment with glucose and removal of the islet of Langerhans. The drug produced hypoglycemia after removal of both the islet and the liver. Significant glycosuria was not found. Moderate liver-glycogen depletion and α-cell degranulation in the islet were noted after higher doses of the drug. It is thought that Me-GAG induces hepatic glycogenolysis and increases glucose uptake in the peripheral tissues. These effects are similar to those produced by structurally related guanidines.
Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Between Adenocarcinoma of the Breast and Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast 2
Authors: Frederick Avis, Ingalill Avis, James F. Newsome, Geoffrey Haughton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Between Adenocarcinoma of the Breast and Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast Get access Frederick Avis, Frederick Avis 3Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ingalill Avis, Ingalill Avis 4Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James F. Newsome, James F. Newsome 5Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Geoffrey Haughton Geoffrey Haughton 4Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina. 6We thank Dr. Ingegard Hellström for her constructive criticism of the original manuscript, Mrs. Beverly Goven and Mr. William Bell for their technical expertise, and Drs. Floyd A. Fried, Andrew T. Cole, and Margaret A. Nelsen for their continuing support and advice. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 1, January 1976, Pages 17–25, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.1.17 Published: 01 January 1976 Article history Received: 23 May 1975 Accepted: 18 August 1975 Published: 01 January 1976
Benefits of epoetin alfa therapy in anemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Authors: D H Henry, R I Abels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.9.2473 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7666110 Benefits of epoetin alfa therapy in anemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. D H HenryxD H HenrySearch for articles by this author , R I AbelsxR I AbelsSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.9.2473 PDF "Benefits of epoetin alfa therapy in anemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 13(9), pp. 2473–2474© 1995 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Delayed administration of dexrazoxane provides cardioprotection against anthracyclines in breast cancer or acute myeloid leukemia.
Authors: P Lemez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.10.3293 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9336370 Delayed administration of dexrazoxane provides cardioprotection against anthracyclines in breast cancer or acute myeloid leukemia. P LemezxP LemezSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.10.3293 First Page PDF © 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Health state utility and toxicities in metastatic lung and breast cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: S. Bhalla, B. Nafees, M. Stafford, J. Watkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

16021 Background: In metastatic lung cancer, it is expected that quality of life is impacted both by the efficacy and toxicity. Previous research has reported health states either based on response to therapy or on toxicity, but not in combination. Using methodology applied in breast cancer (Narewska 2005), we developed health state descriptions for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for use in cost-utility analyses. Methods: An interview discussion and content validation guide was produced based on literature review and clinical input. Response to therapy was described as responding disease, stable disease, or progressive disease. The most common toxicities were selected based on randomized clinical trials. Descriptions of health states were reviewed by clinical specialists. Final health states will be piloted and then used in a societal-based valuation study using standard gamble technique. The contributory effect of disease state and toxicity will be estimated using a mixed model analysis and compared with the data from the previous breast cancer utility study. Results: Eight toxicities were identified: alopecia and grade 3/4 neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, hand-foot syndrome, gastrointestinal (diarrhea/vomiting), rash, stomatitis and fatigue. These were combined with response to therapy to yield 19 health states: 9 responding disease (one with each toxicity plus one with no toxicity), 9 stable disease (one with each toxicity plus one with no toxicity) and one progressive disease (toxicity not included). These health states were reviewed by 6 pulmonary oncologists and 3 specialist nurses. Conclusion: Development of health states that combine both efficacy and toxicity will be useful in evaluating the relative value of therapies for advanced NSCLC and comparison with other diseases. Input by clinical experts has provided validation for the proposed health states. Evaluation of these health states by members of society will provide appropriate perspective for economic evaluations. [Table: see text]
Nonselective β‐blockers do not affect mortality in cirrhosis patients with ascites: Post Hoc analysis of three randomized controlled trials with 1198 patients
Authors: Lars Bossen, Aleksander Krag, Hendrik Vilstrup, Hugh Watson, Peter Jepsen
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

The safety of nonselective β-blockers (NSBBs) in advanced cirrhosis has been questioned. We used data from three satavaptan trials to examine whether NSBBs increase mortality in cirrhosis patients with ascites. The trials were conducted in 2006-2008 and included 1198 cirrhosis patients with ascites followed for 1 year. We used Cox regression to compare all-cause mortality and cirrhosis-related mortality between patients who did and those who did not use NSBBs at randomization, controlling for age, gender, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, Child-Pugh score, serum sodium, previous variceal bleeding, cirrhosis etiology, and ascites severity. Moreover, we identified clinical events predicting that a patient would stop NSBB treatment. At randomization, the 559 NSBB users were more likely than the 629 nonusers to have a history of variceal bleeding but less likely to have Child-Pugh class C cirrhosis, hyponatremia, or refractory ascites. The 52-week cumulative all-cause mortality was similar in the NSBB user and nonuser groups (23.2% versus 25.3%, adjusted hazard ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.72-1.18), and NSBBs also did not increase mortality in the subgroup of patients with refractory ascites (588 patients, adjusted hazard ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.74-1.40) or in any other subgroup. Similarly, NSBBs did not increase cirrhosis-related mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.76-1.31). During follow-up, 29% of initial NSBB users stopped taking NSBBs, and the decision to stop NSBB treatment marked a sharp rise in mortality and coincided with hospitalization, variceal bleeding, bacterial infection, and/or development of hepatorenal syndrome.This large and detailed data set on worldwide nonprotocol use of NSBBs in cirrhosis patients with ascites shows that NSBBs did not increase mortality; the decision to stop NSBB treatment in relation to stressful events may have added to the safety. (Hepatology 2016;63:1968-1976).
Spotlight on measles 2010: Ongoing measles outbreak in Northern Ireland following an imported case, September-October 2010
Authors: R Smithson, N Irvine, C Hutton, L Doherty, A Watt
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

We report an ongoing outbreak of measles with five laboratory-confirmed and four epidemiologically linked cases in Northern Ireland as at 26 October 2010. The index case was an unvaccinated non-Northern Ireland resident with subsequent genotyping suggesting that infection originated in the usual country of residence of this case. Confirmed cases include one patient with a history of two measles-mumps-rubella vaccine doses.
Parkinson’s disease diagnosis is preceded by increased risk of falls, study finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

People with Parkinson’s disease have a higher risk of falls that cause injury or hip fracture for many years before their condition is diagnosed, a study shows.1 Reporting in PLOS Medicine , the authors’ findings indicated that clinically relevant neurodegenerative impairment occurs years before a diagnosis of Parkinson’s.

Researchers studied all 24 412 people who had Parkinson’s disease diagnosed in Sweden from 1988 to 2012 and who were listed on the national patient register. They matched …
Immune response after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for H22 tumor
Authors: P. Zhou, M. Fu, J. Bai, Z. Wang, F. Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21169 Background: Previous results have shown that high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation can potentially activate a host anti-tumor immunity. This study was to investigate whether acoustic cavitaion may enhance host immune responses after HIFU treatment for solid malignancy, and to explore the potential mechanisms regarding the enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Methods: (1) Tumor cell vaccine preparation: H22 cells were irradiated with HIFU (0.8MHz, 1050W/cm 2 , 90s); H22 cells were heated for one hour in 65°C water bath. (2) Animal study: 150 KM mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, thermal group, and HIFU group. Each group had 50 mice for immune experiments. By using hypodermic injection, the mice in thermal group and HIFU group received either 0.2ml heat-treated H22 vaccine or 0.2ml HIFU-treated H22 vaccine in the left flank of each mouse. Those in control group received only injection with same amount of saline solution. The vaccination times were 4 sessions, once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. One week after last vaccination, each mouse was challenged with H22 tumor cells. All mice were followed up to observe the long-term survival in each group, and peripheral blood was collected to detect changes in T lymphocytes and their subsets by flow cytometry technique. Results: The tumor incidences and 6-week survival rates were observed 100% and 88% of mice in control group, 72.5% and 40% in thermal group, and 42.5% and 14% in HIFU group respectively. Compared to the values in either control group or thermal group, there was a significant decrease of tumor incidences and 6-week survival rates in HIFU group. The volume of tumor was obviously lower in HIFU group, and a significant difference was observed between HIFU group and thermal group or control group. Compared to the values in control group, there were a significant increase of CD4 + levels and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio, and a significant decrease of CD8 + level in both HIFU group and thermal group. Conclusions: Antitumor immune response could be enhanced after HIFU ablation for H22 implanted tumor in mice, and acoustic cavitation could play an important role to stimulate host antitumor immune system. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Management of Generalized Faecal Peritonitis-Can We Do Better?
Authors: J H Scholefield, A Wyman, K Rogers
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

Generalized faecal peritonitis is associated with a mortality of over 50% in most series of cases. Despite great improvements in the standards of intensive care the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition have not improved, in part due to recurrent intra-abdominal sepsis. This preliminary study investigated the role of laparotomy, repeated abdominal lavage and debridement to determine whether such a policy might lead to an improvement in outcome. Of six cases studied three had perforated diverticular disease, two had Crohn's disease. Twenty lavages were performed on these six patients who had a mean ICU stay of 8 days. Five out of the six patients left hospital and remain well, one patient died of septicaemia and pre-existing renal failure. This study found that laparotomy, repeated abdominal lavage and debridement may be effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality of generalized faecal peritonitis and further study of this technique is appropriate.
New Italian immunisation plan is built on scientific evidence: Carlo Signorelli and colleagues reply to news article by Michael Day
Authors: Carlo Signorelli, Anna Odone, Paolo Bonanni, Francesca Russo
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Several points need to be clarified with regard to the news article by Day.1 Most importantly, Italy’s new national immunisation plan, issued by a working group of the Italian Ministry of Health, was built on the best available scientific evidence.

The four scientific societies that in 2014 released the second edition of the “lifetime immunization schedule,”2 mentioned in the news article, were consulted by the working group for technical and scientific support. In particular, representatives of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health; the Italian Society of Pediatrics; the Italian Federation of Community Pediatricians; and the Italian Federation of General Practitioners were invited to two formal hearings. Moreover, although the lifetime immunisation schedule constituted a solid basis for discussion during the drafting of …
Dietary Carotene and Vitamin A and Risk of Lung Cancer Among White Men in New Jersey&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Regina G. Ziegler
 3, Thomas J. Mason, Annette Stemhagen, Robert Hoover, Janet B. Schoenberg, Gloria Gridley, Phillip W. Virgo, R. Altman, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

A population-based incident case-control study of lung cancer in white males was conducted during 1980-81 in six high-risk areas of New Jersey. Interviews were completed with 763 cases and 900 controls or with their next of kin. In order to assess whether dietary intake of carotene, preformed retinol, or total vitamin A modified the risk of lung cancer, subjects were asked about their usual frequency of consumption, several years earlier, of 44 food items, which provides 83% of the vitamin A in the American diet, and about their use of vitamin supplements. The men in the lowest quartile of carotene intake had 1.3 the risk (P-value for trend = .05) of those in the highest quartile after adjustment was made for smoking duration and intensity and education. No association was seen for retinol (P-value for trend = .11) or total vitamin A (P-value for trend = .30). The inverse association between carotene intake and lung cancer was most compelling for squamous cell carcinoma, with the smoking-and education-adjusted risk of those in the lowest quartile reaching 1.4 (P-value for trend = .03) the risk of those men in the highest quartile. Risk of lung adenocarcinoma was not related to carotene intake. The reduction in risk of squamous cell lung cancer with increasing carotene intake was noted in pipe and cigar smokers and cigarette smokers of different intensities. Among nonsmokers adenocarcinoma predominated. The inverse association between carotene and risk of squamous cell lung cancer was not especially strong or graded in response; but it was consistent and could be noted in each stratum when the subjects were divided by education, age, or mode of interview (direct vs. next of kin). The results of the other 4 case-control and 3 cohort studies that have looked at diet and risk of lung cancer are not consistent, and the question whether dietary carotene or total vitamin A reduces the risk of lung cancer is not yet resolved.
Effect of Advanced HIV Infection on the Respiratory Microbiome
Authors: Homer L. Twigg, Kenneth S. Knox, Jin Zhou, Kristina A. Crothers, David E. Nelson, Evelyn Toh, Richard B. Day, Huaiying Lin, Xiang Gao, Qunfeng Dong, Deming Mi, Barry P. Katz, Erica Sodergren, George M. Weinstock
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Rationale: Previous work found the lung microbiome in healthy subjects infected with HIV was similar to that in uninfected subjects. We hypothesized the lung microbiome from subjects infected with HIV with more advanced disease would differ from that of an uninfected control population.Objectives: To measure the lung microbiome in an HIV-infected population with advanced disease.Methods: 16s RNA gene sequencing was performed on acellular bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from 30 subjects infected with HIV with advanced disease (baseline mean CD4 count, 262 cells/mm3) before and up to 3 years after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and compared with 22 uninfected control subjects.Measurements and Main Results: The lung microbiome in subjects infected with HIV with advanced disease demonstrated decreased alpha diversity (richness and diversity) and greater beta diversity compared with uninfected BAL. Differences improved with HAART, but still persisted up to 3 years after starting therapy. Population dispersion in the group infected with HIV was significantly greater than in the uninfected cohort and declined after treatment. There were differences in the relative abundance of some bacteria between the two groups at baseline and after 1 year of therapy. After 1 year on HAART, HIV BAL contained an increased abundance of Prevotella and Veillonella, bacteria previously associated with lung inflammation.Conclusions: The lung microbiome in subjects infected with HIV with advanced disease is altered compared with an uninfected population both in diversity and bacterial composition. Differences remain up to 3 years after starting HAART. We speculate an altered lung microbiome in HIV infection may contribute to chronic inflammation and lung complications seen in the HAART era.
A phase II study of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin in combination with bevacizumab (GEMOX-B) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: A. X. Zhu, D. Sahani, A. Norden-Zfoni, N. S. Holalkere, L. Blaszkowsky, D. P. Ryan, J. W. Clark, K. Taylor, J. V. Heymach, K. Stuart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4120 Background: Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a grave prognosis. HCC is a highly vascular tumor with increased levels of angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). Given the reported activity of gemcitabine (GEM) and oxaliplatin (OX) in HCC and the potential benefits of targeting the VEGF pathway with bevacizumab (B), we performed a phase II study of GEMOX-B in HCC. Methods: Eligibility criteria include unresectable or metastatic measurable HCC, up to two prior chemotherapy regimens, performance status ≤ 1, CLIP score ≤ 3, adequate organ functions, and no clinically significant cardiovascular disease or history of active bleeding. For cycle 1, B is given alone at 10 mg/kg on day 1 (14 day cycle). For cycle 2 and subsequent cycles (28 day cycles), B is given at 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 15, GEM is delivered at 1000 mg/m2 as dose rate infusion at 10 mg/m2/minute followed by OX at 85 mg/m2 on days 2 and 16. CT perfusion scan and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) were performed to assess changes in blood flow and volume. Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) were assayed as a surrogate angiogenesis marker. Results: 27 patients were enrolled: median age = 64 (28–79), M/F = 17/10, ECOG 0/1 = 8/19, CLIP 0/1/2/3=3/8/13/3. The treatment was generally well tolerated. Treatment related grade 3–4 toxicities included (number of patients): transient elevation of transaminases (8), neutropenia (6), nausea/vomiting (2), epistaxis (1), hypertension (1), and thrombocytopenia (1). Two patients had minor responses, five patients had stable disease, and thirteen patients currently remain on study. Twelve patients had more than 50% decrease in the AFP levels during treatment. Decreased blood flow and volume as well as changes in CECs were seen following the B administration alone. Conclusions: GEMOX-B can be safely given with close monitoring in HCC patients with some evidence of antitumor activity. Changes in angiogenic parameters were observed following B administration. Updated information on toxicity, efficacy, and changes in CECs and tumor blood flow correlated with clinical data will be presented at the meeting. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech, Sanofi
Patients organise and train doctors to provide better care
Authors: Sara Riggare, Kenton T Unruh
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Two patients explain the work they do to reduce their disease burden

Patients with complex chronic conditions face not only the biological burden of the disease itself but also the burden of treatment, which might be defined as “work that patients do to care for their health, problem focused strategies to facilitate self care, and factors that exacerbate the felt burden.”1

The burden of treatment is exacerbated because patients must align with institutional work processes that have been designed around institutional operations and clinicians’ needs. Sometimes patients have to reorganise and retrain clinicians to receive the high quality healthcare that is in our best interests.2

We both have Parkinson’s disease and experience a complex array of motor and non-motor symptoms. Here is a glimpse at the invisible work that, in our experience, leads to better care.

Many complex medical conditions are best …