tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, thromboxane, beta-thromboglobulin and markers of fibrinolysis in primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis.
Authors: A L Herrick, K Illingworth, A Blann, C R Hay, S Hollis, M I Jayson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measurement of different markers of endothelial damage, activation of coagulation, and platelet activation might differentiate between patients with primary Raynaud9s phenomenon (PRP), limited cutaneous and diffuse systemic sclerosis (lcSSc and dSSc), and healthy control subjects. METHODS: Under carefully controlled conditions, fasting blood was drawn from 19 healthy control subjects, 10 patients with PRP, 17 with lcSSc and nine with dSSc for measurement of the following: von Willebrand factor (VWF) and soluble thrombomodulin as markers of endothelial damage/activation, thromboxane (as thromboxane B2) and beta-thromboglobulin as markers of platelet activation, and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, tissue plasminogen activator activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as markers of fibrinolysis. RESULTS: VWF was increased significantly in patients with SSc, and there was also a linear trend for thromboxane and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (in addition to VWF) to differentiate between different subgroups of patients with Raynaud9s phenomenon. Patients with dSSc had the highest values. A combined index of VWF and thromboxane showed a highly significant trend across the four groups studied. CONCLUSION: VWF, and to a lesser extent thromboxane and tissue plasminogen activator antigen, are associated with disease severity in patients with Raynaud9s phenomenon. Prospective studies are now required to establish if these parameters can be used as markers of disease progression.
Inhibitory Anti-FLT3 Antibodies Are Capable of Mediating Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Reducing Engraftment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Blasts in Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice
Authors: Obdulio Piloto, Mark Levis, David Huso, Yiwen Li, Hongli Li, Mei-Nai Wang, Rajiv Bassi, Paul Balderes, Dale L. Ludwig, Larry Witte, Zhenping Zhu, Daniel J. Hicklin, Donald Small
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Aberrant FLT3 expression and/or mutation plays a significant role in leukemogenesis. This has prompted the development of selective small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors against FLT3. However, like most tyrosine kinase inhibitors, those against FLT3 are not completely specific and at the doses required to completely inhibit target, significant toxicities may occur. In addition, tyrosine kinase inhibitors for other kinases have been shown to select for cells that become resistant. To overcome some of these limitations we developed two fully human phage display monoclonal antibodies against FLT3 (IMC-EB10 and IMC-NC7). These antibodies inhibited ligand-mediated activation of wild-type FLT3 and constitutively activated mutant FLT3 and in most cell types affected downstream STAT5, AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. In addition to interfering with FLT3 signaling, IMC-EB10 and, to a significantly lesser extent, IMC-NC7 initiated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity on FLT3-expressing cells. When IMC-EB10 was used in vivo to treat nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice given injections of primary FLT3/ITD acute myelogenous leukemia samples or myeloid cell lines with FLT3 expression, it significantly decreased engraftment of leukemic cells and increased survival, respectively. In contrast, IMC-EB10 treatment did not reduce engraftment of normal human CD34+ cord blood cells nor did it show any significant inhibition of normal murine hematopoiesis. Thus, these types of antibodies have the potential to be safe and effective new therapeutic agents for acute myelogenous leukemia and possibly other FLT3-expressing malignancies.
NASOPHARYNGEAL FLORA IN HEALTH AND DURING RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN ISOLATED COMMUNITIES IN ALABAMA AND LABRADOR
Authors: E. L. Burky, W. G. Smillie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

Studies of the bacterial flora of the nasopharynx were made in isolated communities in South Alabama and Labrador. The basic flora was determined in both communities. In Alabama an epidemic of common colds was studied. In Labrador cases of sporadic colds and an epidemic of tracheitis were studied. Gram-negative cocci were found in nearly all normal individuals in moderate numbers. In pathological states there was a suppression of these organisms. Staphylococci were found in small numbers in about half of the normal individuals. In pathological conditions they disappeared from most of those affected but were found in increased numbers in a few individuals. Pfeiffer bacilli were absent or present only in small numbers in normal individuals. During the epidemic of colds in Alabama there was an increase in the number of strains recovered and an increase in the relative numbers of the bacilli in each throat. The highest prevalence was found one month after the epidemic had reached its height. In Labrador a similar increase was coincident with an epidemic of tracheitis. During normal periods the majority of the Pfeiffer strains were of the para non-indol-forming type. During epidemic periods the strains recovered were largely true indol-forming B. Pfeifferi. Hemolytic streptococci were rarely found in normals. During disease prevalence periods they appeared in a small number of persons. In Alabama, indifferent streptococci resembled the hemolytic streptococci in their distribution. In Labrador they were found to be widely distributed in both health and disease and composed apparently a part of the normal flora. Green streptococci were found to be widely distributed in fairly large numbers both in health and disease. Intermediates, or organisms midway between green streptococci and pneumococci, were found in moderate numbers in each series of persons studied. Early in the Alabama epidemic they were present in large numbers in nearly all persons. Pneumococci were not found in Alabama in normal individuals. The epidemic of colds in Alabama was accompanied by a marked increase in the incidence of these organisms. In Labrador pneumococci seemed to be part of the normal flora as they were generally distributed throughout the community, in many instances comprising a large proportion of the flora of an individual's throat. The Labrador strains of pneumococci were avirulent. A variety of other organisms such as diphtheroids, Gram-negative rods, and Gram-positive cocci were found in small numbers in many individuals both in health and disease.
RISK OF CARDIAC MORTALITY AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONS IN BMI&lt;20 KG/M2: CAN RATES OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONS EXPLAIN THE HIGHER CARDIAC MORTALITY?
Authors: Abhishek Sharma, Saurav Chatterjee, Wen-Chih Wu, Edgar Lichstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A plug for generic phenomenology
Authors: Rick Grush
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract I briefly sketch a notion of generic phenomenology , and what I call the wave-collapse illusion – a less radical cousin of the refrigerator light illusion – to the effect that transitions from generic to detailed phenomenology are not noticed as phenomenal changes. Change blindness and inattentional blindness can be analyzed as cases where certain things are phenomenally present, but generically so.
p95HER2 and Breast Cancer
Authors: Joaquín Arribas, José Baselga, Kim Pedersen, Josep Lluís Parra-Palau
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

A subtype of HER2-positive tumors with distinct biological and clinical features expresses a series of carboxy-terminal fragments collectively known as p95HER2. One of these fragments, named 100- to 115-kDa p95HER2 or 611-CTF, is hyperactive because of its ability to form homodimers maintained by intermolecular disulfide bonds. Despite lacking the majority of the extracellular domain, this HER2 fragment drives breast cancer progression in vivo. The recent availability of specific anti-p95 antibodies has confirmed previous results indicating that the expression of p95HER2 is predictive of poor prognosis and correlates with resistance to the treatment with trastuzumab, a therapeutic antibody directed against the extracellular domain of HER2.
Effect of Laparoscopic Surgery on Health Care Utilization and Costs in Patients Who Undergo Colectomy
Authors: Benjamin P. Crawshaw, Hung-Lun Chien, Knut M. Augestad, Conor P. Delaney
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Laparoscopic colectomy is safe and effective in the treatment of many colorectal diseases. However, the effect of increasing use of laparoscopy on overall health care utilization and costs, especially in the long term, has not been thoroughly investigated.To evaluate the effect of laparoscopic vs open colectomy on short- and long-term health care utilization and costs.Retrospective multivariate regression analysis of national health insurance claims data was used to evaluate health care utilization and costs up to 1 year following elective colectomy. Data were obtained from the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database. Patients aged 18 to 64 years who underwent elective laparoscopic or open colectomy from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2010, were included. Patients with complex diagnoses that require increased non-surgery-related health care utilization, including malignant neoplasm, inflammatory bowel disease, human immunodeficiency virus, transplantation, and pregnancy, were excluded. Of 25 481 patients who underwent colectomy, 4160 were included in the study.Healthcare utilization, including office, hospital outpatient, and emergency department visits and inpatient services 90 and 365 days after the index procedure; total health care costs; and estimated days off from work owing to health care utilization.Of 25 481 patients who underwent colectomy, 4160 were included in the study (laparoscopic, 45.6%; open, 54.4%). The mean (SD) net and total payments were lower for laparoscopy ($23 064 [$14 558] and $24 196 [$14 507] vs $29 753 [$21 421] and $31 606 [$23 586]). In the first 90 days after surgery, an open approach was significantly associated with a 1.26-fold increase in health care costs (estimated, $1715; 95% CI, $338-$2853), increased use of heath care services, and more estimated days off from work (2.78 days; 95% CI, 1.93-3.59). Similar trends were found in the full postoperative year, with an estimated 1.18-fold increase (95% CI, 1.04-1.35) in health care expenditures and an increase of 1.15 times (95% CI, 1.08-1.23) the number of health care utilization days compared with laparoscopy.Laparoscopic colectomy results in a significant reduction in health care costs and utilization in the short- and long-term postoperative periods.
Financial Ties between DSM-IV Panel Members and the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Lisa Cosgrove, Sheldon Krimsky, Manisha Vijayaraghavan, Lisa Schneider
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Increasing attention has been given to the transparency of potential conflicts of interest in clinical medicine and biomedical sciences, particularly in journal publishing and science advisory panels. The authors examined the degree and type of financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry of panel members responsible for revisions of the &lt;i&gt;Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;(DSM)&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; By using multimodal screening techniques the authors investigated the financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry of 170 panel members who contributed to the diagnostic criteria produced for the DSM-IV and the DSM-IV-TR. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Of the 170 DSM panel members 95 (56%) had one or more financial associations with companies in the pharmaceutical industry. One hundred percent of the members of the panels on ‘Mood Disorders’ and ‘Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders’ had financial ties to drug companies. The leading categories of financial interest held by panel members were research funding (42%), consultancies (22%) and speakers bureau (16%). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Our inquiry into the relationships between DSM panel members and the pharmaceutical industry demonstrates that there are strong financial ties between the industry and those who are responsible for developing and modifying the diagnostic criteria for mental illness. The connections are especially strong in those diagnostic areas where drugs are the first line of treatment for mental disorders. Full disclosure by DSM panel members of their financial relationships with for-profit entities that manufacture drugs used in the treatment of mental illness is recommended.
Control of Bleeding During Surgery on Vascular Tumors of the Head
Authors: Hans von Leden
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Selective angiography has confirmed the importance of preserving the external carotid system in the treatment of vascular tumors of the head. Temporary occlusion of the external carotid artery provides satisfactory control of bleeding during surgical procedures, without affecting the future blood supply. On the other hand, permanent ligation of the external carotid artery usually results in the development of a rich collateral circulation from the internal carotid and vertebral systems, and complicates the control of bleeding during subsequent operations.
Aimed Electrocardiography with Simple Bipolar Leads
Authors: EUGENE J. FISCHMANN, MARK R. BARBER, HEDAYATOLAH HEDAYATI
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

All currently employed ECG and VCG leads vectorially record added contributions from all cardiac regions. Aimed leads, if feasible, would yield information cancelled during addition. Three artificial dipoles (µ 1 , µ 2 , µ 3 ) are placed within a torso model in the approximate right ventricular free wall, posterobasal wall of left ventricle, and inferior cardiac surface, respectively. Dipoles are excited in turn and torso surface potential fields are mapped for each dipole. A bipolar lead connecting any pair of points on the same equipotential of the field produced by µ 1 does not show a deflection when µ 1 is excited, but responds to µ 2 and µ 3 . If this lead is now so placed that its two electrodes, while remaining on the µ 1 equipotential, are on the same equipotential of the µ 2 field as well, then it will respond to µ 3 alone; it is aimed at the latter. Superimposing the three field maps and searching for those equipotential lines of one map which cross the same equipotential line of another map twice, provides a large number of suitable leads, each aimed at one of the three dipoles. Five leads are described and tested in detail.
Rare diagnosis: sarcoid arthritis in four children
Authors: A. F. North
Journal: JAMA (1966)

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Complementary Genomic Screens Identify SERCA as a Therapeutic Target in NOTCH1 Mutated Cancer
Authors: Giovanni Roti, Anne Carlton, Kenneth N. Ross, Michele Markstein, Kostandin Pajcini, Angela H. Su, Norbert Perrimon, Warren S. Pear, Andrew L. Kung, Stephen C. Blacklow, Jon C. Aster, Kimberly Stegmaier
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Lack of efficacy of clopidogrel pre-treatment in the prevention of myocardial damage after elective stent implantation
Authors: Dirk J van der Heijden, Iris C.D Westendorp, Robert K Riezebos, Ferdinand Kiemeneij, Ton Slagboom, L.Ron van der Wieken, Gert-Jan Laarman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Single-Agent Bortezomib in Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma: Efficacy, Characterization of Peripheral Neuropathy, and Molecular Correlations With Response and Neuropathy
Authors: Paul G. Richardson, Wanling Xie, Constantine Mitsiades, Asher A. Chanan-Khan, Sagar Lonial, Hani Hassoun, David E. Avigan, Anne Louise Oaklander, David J. Kuter, Patrick Y. Wen, Santosh Kesari, Hannah R. Briemberg, Robert L. Schlossman, Nikhil C. Munshi, L. Thompson Heffner, Deborah Doss, Dixie-Lee Esseltine, Edie Weller, Kenneth C. Anderson, Anthony A. Amato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

PURPOSE To assess efficacy and safety of single-agent bortezomib in previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma, investigate prevalence of baseline and treatment-emergent polyneuropathy, and identify molecular markers associated with response and neuropathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received bortezomib 1.3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, for up to eight 21-day cycles. A subset of patients underwent neurophysiologic evaluation pre- and post-treatment. Bone marrow aspirates were performed at baseline for exploratory whole-genome analyses. Results Among 64 patients, 41% had partial response or better, including 9% complete/near-complete responses; median duration of response was 8.4 months. Response rates did not differ in the presence or absence of adverse cytogenetics. After median follow-up of 29 months, median time to progression was 17.3 months. Median overall survival had not been reached; estimated 1-year survival was 92%. Thirty-two patients successfully underwent optional stem-cell transplantation. Bortezomib treatment was generally well tolerated. At baseline, 20% of patients had sensory polyneuropathy. Sensory polyneuropathy developed during treatment in 64% of patients (grade 3 in 3%), but proved manageable and resolved in 85% within a median of 98 days. Neurologic examination, neurophysiologic testing, and measurements of epidermal nerve fiber densities in 35 patients confirmed pretreatment sensory neuropathy in 20% and new or worsening neuropathy in 63%. Pharmacogenomic analyses identified molecular markers of response and treatment-emergent neuropathy, which will require future study. CONCLUSION Single-agent bortezomib is effective in previously untreated myeloma. Baseline myeloma-associated neuropathy seems more common than previously reported, and bortezomib-associated neuropathy, although a common toxicity, is reversible in most patients.
Background for studies on the treatment of male osteoporosis: state of the art
Authors: J M Kaufman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Male osteoporosis represents an important, although long underestimated, public health problem. Both in men and in women aging is accompanied by continuous bone loss and by an exponential increase in the incidence of osteoporotic fracture, with a female to male incidence ratio of about 2 to 3 to 1 in the elderly for hip and vertebral fractures. Morbidity after osteoporotic fractures appears to be more serious and mortality more common in men than in women. To date, no single treatment has been proved to be effective and safe in published prospective studies. The present report, based on a systematic search of the literature on male osteoporosis, summarises the state of the art on the clinical consequences of male osteoporosis and its risk factors, in relation to the present state of knowledge about female osteoporosis. This constitutes the background for the design of rational clinical development strategies for therapeutic interventions in male osteoporosis. From this review of the literature it is apparent that notwithstanding the existing sex differences in pathophysiology of osteoporosis and the difference in age-specific incidence of osteoporotic fractures, there are also important similarities between osteoporosis in women and men. The higher incidence of fracture in women than in men results from quantitative differences in risk factors rather than from different risk factors. Even though there are sex differences in bone geometry, incidence of fracture seems to be similar in men and women for a same absolute areal bone mineral density. However, the lack of data on the changes in fracture rates in men resulting from pharmacological intervention, leading to changes in bone mineral density or bone turnover, remains the main limitation for extrapolation of established treatment outcomes from women to men.
Spontaneous cervical subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema secondary to occult sigmoid diverticulitis
Authors: T Hur, Y Chen, GH Shu, JM Chang, KC Cheng
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

We present a case of spontaneous mediastinal and subcutaneous cervical emphysema due to perforation of an occult sigmoid diverticulitis. Mediastinal emphysema should alert the physician to the possibility of retroperitoneal gastrointestinal perforation, even in patients without signs of distinct peritoneal irritation.
<i>CHD1</i> Is a 5q21 Tumor Suppressor Required for <i>ERG</i> Rearrangement in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lia Burkhardt, Sarah Fuchs, Antje Krohn, Sawinee Masser, Malte Mader, Martina Kluth, Frederik Bachmann, Hartwig Huland, Thomas Steuber, Markus Graefen, Thorsten Schlomm, Sarah Minner, Guido Sauter, Hüseyin Sirma, Ronald Simon
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Deletions involving the chromosomal band 5q21 are among the most frequent alterations in prostate cancer. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, we mapped a 1.3 megabase minimally deleted region including only the repulsive guidance molecule B (RGMB) and chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) genes. Functional analyses showed that CHD1 is an essential tumor suppressor. FISH analysis of 2,093 prostate cancers revealed a strong association between CHD1 deletion, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) biochemical failure (P = 0.0038), and absence of ERG fusion (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). We found that inactivation of CHD1 in vitro prevents formation of ERG rearrangements due to impairment of androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transcription, a prerequisite for ERG translocation. CHD1 is required for efficient recruitment of AR to responsive promoters and regulates expression of known AR-responsive tumor suppressor genes, including NKX3-1, FOXO1, and PPARγ. Our study establishes CHD1 as the 5q21 tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer and shows a key role of this chromatin remodeling factor in prostate cancer biology. Cancer Res; 73(9); 2795–805. ©2013 AACR.