tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progression from Asthma to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Is Air Pollution a Risk Factor?
Authors: Teresa To, Jingqin Zhu, Kristian Larsen, Jacqueline Simatovic, Laura Feldman, Kandace Ryckman, Andrea Gershon, M. Diane Lougheed, Christopher Licskai, Hong Chen, Paul J. Villeneuve, Eric Crighton, Yushan Su, Mohsen Sadatsafavi, Devon Williams, Christopher Carlsten
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Individuals with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS), have more rapid decline in lung function, more frequent exacerbations, and poorer quality of life than those with asthma or COPD alone. Air pollution exposure is a known risk factor for asthma and COPD; however, its role in ACOS is not as well understood.To determine if individuals with asthma exposed to higher levels of air pollution have an increased risk of ACOS.Individuals who resided in Ontario, Canada, aged 18 years or older in 1996 with incident asthma between 1996 and 2009 who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey were identified and followed until 2014 to determine the development of ACOS. Data on exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) were obtained from fixed monitoring sites. Associations between air pollutants and ACOS were evaluated using Cox regression models.Of the 6,040 adults with incident asthma who completed the Canadian Community Health Survey, 630 were identified as ACOS cases. Compared with those without ACOS, the ACOS population had later onset of asthma, higher proportion of mortality, and more frequent emergency department visits before COPD diagnosis. The adjusted hazard ratios of ACOS and cumulative exposures to PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m(3)) and O3 (per 10 ppb) were 2.78 (95% confidence interval, 1.62-4.78) and 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-2.39), respectively.Individuals exposed to higher levels of air pollution had nearly threefold greater odds of developing ACOS. Minimizing exposure to high levels of air pollution may decrease the risk of ACOS.
Descriptive Analysis of Patients with Allergic Reactions to Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Esther Barrionuevo, Inmaculada Doña, Francisca Gómez, Oliver Muñoz-Daga, Arturo Ruiz, Antonio Guzman, Maria Auxiliadora Guerrero, Maria Dolores Ruiz, Rosa Garcia, Miguel Blanca, María José Torres
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Primary Cutaneous Plasmacytoma Presenting With Multiple Subcutaneous Nodules by F-18 FDG Imaging
Authors: Ilknur Ak, Zafer Gülbas
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma develops without evidence of myeloma and has been associated with paraproteinemia. A case of an exceedingly rare primary cutaneous plasmacytoma imaged by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is reported. A 57-year-old man with a 7- to 8-month history of painful and progressively increasing swelling localized on the posterior region of the scalp is presented. On physical examination, multiple subcutaneous irregular, nontender swellings were found on the right parietooccipital region of scalp varying in size from 1 to 3 cm. The patient was referred for F-18 FDG imaging for further investigation and multiple hyperactive foci on the right parietooccipital region of the scalp were detected. An excisional biopsy of the largest nodule on histologic evaluation of the mass confirmed a neoplasm, which consisted of a uniform population of plasma cells. Underlying multiple myeloma was excluded by serum protein and immunoglobulin electrophoresis, roentgenographic skeletal survey, and bone marrow bi-opsy. Based on these findings, the lesions were diagnosed as a primary cutaneous plasmacytoma.
High expression of endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin (ERO) 1L is associated with resistance to cisplatin
Authors: Toshio Sakatani, Keita Maemura, Noriko Hiyama, Yousuke Amano, Kousuke Watanabe, Hidenori Kage, Masashi Fukayama, Jun Nakajima, Yutaka Yatomi, Takahide Nagase, Daiya Takai
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> α toxin potentiates opportunistic bacterial lung infections
Authors: Taylor S. Cohen, Jamese J. Hilliard, Omari Jones-Nelson, Ashley E. Keller, Terrence O’Day, Christine Tkaczyk, Antonio DiGiandomenico, Melissa Hamilton, Mark Pelletier, Qun Wang, Binh An Diep, Vien T. M. Le, Lily Cheng, JoAnn Suzich, C. Kendall Stover, Bret R. Sellman
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2016)

S. aureus α toxin promotes opportunistic co-infection, which can be neutralized with a pathogen-specific antibody.
Overexpression of Tbx20 in Adult Cardiomyocytes Promotes Proliferation and Improves Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fu-li Xiang, Minzhe Guo, Katherine E. Yutzey
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) have the potential to proliferate, but this is not sufficient to generate adequate CMs after myocardial infarction (MI). The transcription factor Tbx20 is required for CM proliferation during development and adult CM homeostasis. The ability of Tbx20 overexpression (Tbx20(OE)) to promote adult CM proliferation and to improve cardiac function after MI was examined.Tbx20(OE) was induced specifically in adult mouse differentiated CMs. Increased CM proliferation and fetal-like characteristics were found in Tbx20(OE) hearts compared with controls without causing pathology 4 weeks after Tbx20(OE) at baseline. Moreover, Tbx20(OE) in adult CM after MI significantly improved survival, cardiac function, and infarct size 4 weeks after MI. Improved cardiac repair, as indicated by increased CM proliferation and capillary density, was observed in the MI border zone of Tbx20(OE) hearts compared with controls. Expression of proliferation activator (cyclin D1, E1, and IGF1) and fetal contractile protein (ssTNI, βMHC) mRNA was increased whereas negative cell-cycle regulators (p21, Meis1) were decreased in Tbx20(OE) hearts compared with controls under both baseline and MI conditions. Tbx20(OE) in adult hearts activates multiple proproliferation pathways, including Akt, YAP and BMP. Interestingly, p21, Meis1, and a novel cell-cycle inhibitory gene, Btg2, are directly bound and repressed by Tbx20 with induction of proliferation in neonatal CM.Tbx20(OE), specifically in adult CM, activates multiple cardiac proliferative pathways, directly represses cell-cycle inhibitory genes p21, Meis1, and Btg2, promotes adult CM proliferation; and preserves cardiac performance after MI.
Eating peanuts in early years reduces allergy risk even with later abstinence
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Children at high risk for peanut allergy who are treated with early peanut exposure from infancy to age 5 remain at low risk even after avoiding eating peanuts for a year, shows a UK study that indicates long lasting benefit from early exposure.1

Peanut allergy is a common and potentially life threatening food allergy. A study published last year found that sustained peanut consumption beginning in the first 11 months of life reduced the rate of peanut allergy at age 5 by …
Does timing of breast cancer surgery in relation to the menstrual cycle phase affect prognosis? The Yorkshire Breast Cancer Group Intervention, Timing and Survival Study
Authors: R. Sainsbury, T. J. Perren, S. R. Brown, V. L. Morrell, M. Dowsett, H. C. Thorpe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

536 Background: The effect of breast cancer surgery timing during the menstrual cycle on prognosis remains controversial. We conducted a multi-centre prospective observational study to establish whether timing of interventions influences prognosis. Here we report 3-year survival results for ’primary’ patients (regular cycles, no oral contraceptives within last 6 months). Methods: Data were collected regarding timing of interventions (first tumor handling & subsequent surgeries) in relation to patients’ last menstrual period (LMP) & first menstrual period after intervention (FMP); hormone profiles (follicle stimulating & luteinizing hormone, oestradiol, progesterone) were also measured. Overall & disease-free survival (OS, DFS) were assessed using Cox’s Proportional Hazards model adjusting for intervention type, Nottingham Prognostic Index & adjuvant therapy. Initial analysis incorporated LMP in its continuous form & subsequent exploratory analyses used categorizations of Senie, Badwe & Hrushesky. Hormone profiles with LMP & FMP data were also used to define menstrual phase. Results: 611 patients were recruited from 25 centers between ’93 & ’00. Median age was 43 (range 19–55) years. At a median follow-up of 58 (range 0–132) months there have been 115 deaths; 56 occurred within 3 years of surgery. Types of first surgery were excision biopsy (18%), lumpectomy (48%) & mastectomy (33%). 14% of tumors were grade I, 42% grade II, 40% grade III; 51% were node positive. Menstrual cycle according to LMP was not statistically significant at the 5% level for the 412 patients in the ’primary’ group (OS hazard ratio (HR)=1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99,1.04, p=0.14; DFS HR=1.00, 95% CI 0.98,1.02, p=0.92). Exploratory analyses indicated possible increased OS when surgery occurred in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Conclusions: In this analysis timing of surgery in relation to the menstrual cycle phase had no significant impact on 3-year survival. This may be explained by our lower than expected event rate. Unlike previous studies this cohort has received modern adjuvant treatments, some of which will have caused ovarian suppression. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Long‐term evaluation of cardiac and vascular toxicity in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive leukemias treated with bosutinib
Authors: Jorge E. Cortes, H. Jean Khoury, Hagop Kantarjian, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Michael J. Mauro, Ewa Matczak, Dmitri Pavlov, Jean M. Aguiar, Kolette D. Fly, Svetoslav Dimitrov, Eric Leip, Mark Shapiro, Jeff H. Lipton, Jean‐Bernard Durand, Carlo Gambacorti‐Passerini
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

Vascular and cardiac safety during tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is an emerging issue. We evaluated vascular/cardiac toxicities associated with long-term bosutinib treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia based on treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and changes in QTc intervals and ejection fraction in two studies: a phase 1/2 study of second-/third-/fourth-line bosutinib for Ph+ leukemia resistant/intolerant to prior TKIs (N = 570) and a phase 3 study of first-line bosutinib (n = 248) versus imatinib (n = 251) in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Follow-up time was ≥48 months (both studies). Incidences of vascular/cardiac TEAEs in bosutinib-treated patients were 7%/10% overall with similar incidences observed with first-line bosutinib (5%/8%) and imatinib (4%/6%). Few patients had grade ≥3 vascular/cardiac events (4%/4%) and no individual TEAE occurred in >2% of bosutinib patients. Exposure-adjusted vascular/cardiac TEAE rates (patients with events/patient-year) were low for second-line or later bosutinib (0.037/0.050) and not significantly different between first-line bosutinib (0.015/0.024) and imatinib (0.011/0.017; P ≥ 0.267). Vascular/cardiac events were managed mainly with concomitant medications (39%/44%), bosutinib treatment interruptions (18%/21%), or dose reductions (4%/8%); discontinuations due to these events were rare (0.7%/1.0%). Based on logistic regression modelling, performance status >0 and history of vascular or cardiac disorders were prognostic of vascular/cardiac events in relapsed/refractory patients; hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia and older age were prognostic of cardiac events. In newly diagnosed patients, older age was prognostic of vascular/cardiac events; history of diabetes was prognostic of vascular events. Incidences of vascular and cardiac events were low with bosutinib in the first-line and relapsed/refractory settings following long-term treatment in patients with Ph+ leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 91:606-616, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survival Benefit with Kidney Transplants from HLA-Incompatible Live Donors
Authors: Babak J. Orandi, Xun Luo, Allan B. Massie, Jacqueline M. Garonzik-Wang, Bonne E. Lonze, Rizwan Ahmed, Kyle J. Van Arendonk, Mark D. Stegall, Stanley C. Jordan, Jose Oberholzer, Ty B. Dunn, Lloyd E. Ratner, Sandip Kapur, Ronald P. Pelletier, John P. Roberts, Marc L. Melcher, Pooja Singh, Debra L. Sudan, Marc P. Posner, Jose M. El-Amm, Ron Shapiro, Matthew Cooper, George S. Lipkowitz, Michael A. Rees, Christopher L. Marsh, Bashir R. Sankari, David A. Gerber, Paul W. Nelson, Jason Wellen, Adel Bozorgzadeh, A. Osama Gaber, Robert A. Montgomery, Dorry L. Segev
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

A report from a high-volume single center indicated a survival benefit of receiving a kidney transplant from an HLA-incompatible live donor as compared with remaining on the waiting list, whether or not a kidney from a deceased donor was received. The generalizability of that finding is unclear.
Abstract 18600: Hemodynamic Predictors of Renal Dysfunction in Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Bhaskar Purushottam, Deepakraj Gajanana, Sean Janzer, Dennis L Morris, Vincent M Figueredo
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: There is limited data on hemodynamic predictors of renal function in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Our objective was to analyze the strength of correlation between standard and novel hemodynamic indices, including right atrial to pulmonary capillary wedge ratio (RA:PCWP) and pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi), with renal function in patients with systolic dysfunction {left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%} who had pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mm Hg). Methods: We retrospectively screened 250 patients with systolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension, who underwent a right heart catheterization (RHC) between 2007 and 2012 at Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia. Patients with underlying chronic kidney disease (GFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73m 2 ) were excluded. Correlation between standard RHC variables, pulmonary artery pulse pressure (PAPP), PAPi (PAPP/RA) and RA:PCWP ratio with renal function were studied. Results: The final cohort consisted of 108 patients, with mean age 59±12 years and 66% male. Forty-six patients had worsening creatinine from the time of admission to RHC. The group with worsening creatinine (n=46) had a higher RA:PCWP ratio (0.64±0.25 vs. 0.52±18; p&lt;0.01) than the group with no change or an improvement in the creatinine (n=59). When comparing these two groups, RA:PCWP ratio was the only hemodynamic variable which was significantly different. Patients with a RA:PCWP ratio of ≥0.86 (n=11) had a higher creatinine at the time of RHC (2.13±0.84 vs. 1.64±0.75 mg/dL; p=0.04) and an increase in creatinine from the time of admission to the RHC (increased by 0.38±0.62 vs. decreased by 0.04±59 mg/dL; p=0.02) when compared to the group with a RA:PCWP ratio &lt;0.86 (n=94). Conclusion: RA:PCWP ratio is a better predictor of renal dysfunction than the standard RHC variables in patients with systolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension.
Transcriptomes of Plant Gametophytes Have a Higher Proportion of Rapidly Evolving and Young Genes than Sporophytes
Authors: Toni I. Gossmann, Dounia Saleh, Marc W. Schmid, Michael A. Spence, Karl J. Schmid
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Reproductive traits in plants tend to evolve rapidly due to various causes that include plant-pollinator coevolution and pollen competition, but the genomic basis of reproductive trait evolution is still largely unknown. To characterize evolutionary patterns of genome wide gene expression in reproductive tissues in the gametophyte and to compare them to developmental stages of the sporophyte, we analyzed evolutionary conservation and genetic diversity of protein-coding genes using microarray-based transcriptome data from three plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), and soybean (Glycine max). In all three species a significant shift in gene expression occurs during gametogenesis in which genes of younger evolutionary age and higher genetic diversity contribute significantly more to the transcriptome than in other stages. We refer to this phenomenon as "evolutionary bulge" during plant reproductive development because it differentiates the gametophyte from the sporophyte. We show that multiple, not mutually exclusive, causes may explain the bulge pattern, most prominently reduced tissue complexity of the gametophyte, a varying extent of selection on reproductive traits during gametogenesis as well as differences between male and female tissues. This highlights the importance of plant reproduction for understanding evolutionary forces determining the relationship of genomic and phenotypic variation in plants.
PTH-068 The presence of perianal disease in patients with orofacial granulomatosis increases the risk of developing intestinal crohn’s disease
Authors: R Goel, M Ormond, E Hullah, S Nayee, M Escudier, J Sanderson
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Orofacial Granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of unknown aetiology, characterised by lip swelling, orofacial erythema and ulceration. A proportion of OFG patients present with perianal disease in conjunction with their oral disease (‘top and tail’ disease). Perianal disease occurs in approximately one-third of Crohn’s Disease (CD) patients and is associated with significant morbidity and a more severe disease course.<sup>1</sup>Perianal disease has been shown to occur in 12% of patients with ileal CD (L1), 41–92% of colonic CD (L2) and 15% of ileocolonic disease (L3).<sup>2</sup> <h3>Method</h3> We retrospectively analysed a database of OFG patients. Patients with perianal disease were identified and compared to patients without perianal disease. The Montreal classification was used to classify the sites of patient’s CD. We set out to determine how many of our OFG patients had concurrent perianal disease and how many of them developed intestinal CD. <h3>Results</h3> 263 patients with OFG were identified, of which 208 patients (79.09%) had OFG only and 55 patients (20.91%) had concurrent intestinal CD. 36 patients (13.69%) had intestinal CD and no perianal disease. 19 patients ((7.22%) 13 male, median age 38 (IQR 25–49)) had intestinal CD and concurrent perianal disease. Within the perianal group, all patients had concurrent intestinal CD. The commonest sites were colonic (L2)(8/19; 42.11%) and ileocolonic (L3)(8/19; 42.11%). The ileum (L1) was affected in 1 patient (1/19; 5.26%) and 2 patients had concomitant upper gastrointestinal CD with ileocolonic disease (L3+L4)(2/19; 10.53%). The presence of OFG and perianal disease significantly increased the chances of developing intestinal CD (OR = 222, p = 0.0002, 2-tail Fisher Test). In the perianal group, 11/19 patients (11/19; 57.89%) were diagnosed with CD prior to developing OFG. The median time to diagnosis of OFG was 10 years after the diagnosis of intestinal CD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Perianal disease in Crohn’s disease is common and is associated with a more severe disease course.<sup>1</sup>Perianal disease in OFG patients is less common, however, where it does occur it is always associated with intestinal CD in our cohort. Therefore, these patients should be investigated accordingly. The diagnosis of OFG was usually made later in the course of intestinal Crohn’s suggesting it is a later development. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Ardizzone S, Porro GB. Perianal Crohn’s disease: overview. <i>Dig Liver Dis</i>. 2007;<b>39</b>:957–958 Schwartz D, Loftus EV, Tremaine WJ, <i>et al</i>. The natural history of fistulising Crohn’s disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Gastroenterology 2002;122:875–880
Obesity, Oral Contraceptive Use, and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Women
Authors: Chirantan Banerjee
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

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Invasion of Rat Heart Fragments Neurogenic Cell In Vitro&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Leo I. de Ridder, Ole D. Laerum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Invasive properties of 15 continuous neurogenic rat cell lines were investigated in vitro and were compared to their tumorigenicity in inbred BO IX rats. The cell lines were obtained by treating animals with a single transplacental dose of the carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and 1) subsequently transferring brain cells into cell culture shortly after treatment or 2) explanting the resultant tumors from the offspring to monolayer cultures. In addition, one continuous nonneoplastic rat fibroblast line and three samples of untreated fetal rat brain cells were investigated. Cells from monolayer cultures were suspended and allowed to form aggregates for 24 hours on a gyratory shaker. The cell aggregates were then brought into contact with and allowed to attach to fragments from 9-day embryonic chick heart and were cultured on a gyratory shaker. All tumorigenic cell lines invaded the heart fragments, as characterized by progressive replacement of heart cells by invading cells. The heart tissue degenerated irreversibly. Nontumorigenic cell lines did not show invasiveness in vitro. Confrontation of cell aggregates and heart fragments in organotypic culture appeared to be a useful method to study directly the invasive properties of malignant transformants of neurogenic cells. The method might also permit prediction of tumorigenicity in the animal.
Zika infection in pregnancy is linked to range of fetal abnormalities, data indicate
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Infection with Zika virus in pregnancy is associated with a range of fetal abnormalities, including fetal death and growth restriction in addition to neonatal microcephaly, shows a preliminary report on data from Brazil,1 announced at a World Health Organization report last week.2

Researchers tested blood and urine specimens in pregnant women who …