tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Lung Allografts from Brain-Dead Donors after Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Resuscitation
Authors: Anthony W. Castleberry, Mathias Worni, Asishana A. Osho, Laurie D. Snyder, Scott M. Palmer, Ricardo Pietrobon, R. Duane Davis, Matthew G. Hartwig
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: Patients who progress to brain death after resuscitation from cardiac arrest have been hypothesized to represent an underused source of potential organ donors; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the viability of lung allografts after a period of cardiac arrest in the donor.Objectives: To analyze postoperative complications and survival after lung transplant from brain-dead donors resuscitated after cardiac arrest.Methods: The United Network for Organ Sharing database records donors with cardiac arrest occurring after brain death. Adult recipients of lung allografts from these arrest/resuscitation donors between 2005 and 2011 were compared with nonarrest donors. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the effect of confounding. Postoperative complications and overall survival were assessed using McNemar's test for correlated binary proportions and Kaplan–Meier methods.Measurements and Main Results: A total of 479 lung transplant recipients from arrest/resuscitation donors were 1:1 propensity matched from a cohort of 9,076 control subjects. Baseline characteristics in the 1:1-matched cohort were balanced. There was no significant difference in perioperative mortality, airway dehiscence, dialysis requirement, postoperative length of stay (P ≥ 0.38 for all), or overall survival (P = 0.52). A subanalysis of the donor arrest group demonstrated similar survival when stratified by resuscitation time quartile (P = 0.38).Conclusions: There is no evidence of inferior outcomes after lung transplant from brain-dead donors who have had a period of cardiac arrest provided that good lung function is preserved and the donor is otherwise deemed acceptable for transplantation. Potential expansion of the donor pool to include cardiac arrest as the cause of brain death requires further study.
Delta-Like Ligand 4 Plays a Critical Role in Pericyte/Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Formation during Vasculogenesis and Tumor Vessel Expansion in Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Keri L. Schadler, Patrick A. Zweidler-McKay, Hui Guan, Eugenie S. Kleinerman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Bone marrow (BM) cells contribute to tumor vessel formation that supports the growth of Ewing's sarcoma. These BM cells migrate into the tumor and differentiate into endothelial cells and pericytes. We investigated whether delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) played a role in the formation of BM-derived pericytes/vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) during tumor vessel formation.Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression pattern of DLL4 in 14 patient samples and two xenograft mouse models of Ewing's sarcoma. We then used intratumor injections of short hairpin RNA to inhibit DLL4 expression in Ewing's sarcoma tumors in mice, and evaluated the effect on BM-derived pericytes/vSMCs.DLL4 was expressed by perivascular cells in 12 of 14 human samples and in BM-derived pericytes/vSMCs in both A4573 and TC71 xenograft tumors. Inhibition of DLL4 expression by short hairpin RNA correlated with the decreased numbers of BM-derived cells in tumor vessels and the decreased numbers of alpha-SMA(+), desmin(+), and NG2(+) pericytes/vSMCs, as well as increased tumor hypoxia.DLL4 is important for the formation of BM-derived pericytes/vSMCs during vasculogenesis in Ewing's sarcoma. DLL4 may be a therapeutic target for treatment of Ewing's sarcoma by inhibition of blood vessel formation.
S-Adenosylmethionine modulates inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in rat liver and isolated hepatocytes
Authors: Pedro Lorenzo Majano, Carmelo Garcı́a-Monzón, Elena Ruiz Garcı́a-Trevijano, Fernando José Corrales, Javier Cámara, Pablo Ortiz, José Marı́a Mato, Matı́as Antonio Avila, Ricardo Moreno-Otero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Defects along the TH17 differentiation pathway underlie genetically distinct forms of the hyper IgE syndrome
Authors: Shadi Al Khatib, Sevgi Keles, Maria Garcia-Lloret, Elif Karakoc-Aydiner, Ismail Reisli, Hasibe Artac, Yildiz Camcioglu, Haluk Cokugras, Ayper Somer, Necil Kutukculer, Mustafa Yilmaz, Aydan Ikinciogullari, Olcay Yegin, Mutlu Yüksek, Ferah Genel, Ercan Kucukosmanoglu, Ali Baki, Nerin N. Bahceciler, Anupama Rambhatla, Derek W. Nickerson, Sean McGhee, Isil B. Barlan, Talal Chatila
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Coding region structural heterogeneity and turnover of transcription start sites contribute to divergence in expression between duplicate genes
Authors: Chungoo Park, Kateryna D Makova
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Gene expression divergence is one manifestation of functional differences between duplicate genes. Although rapid accumulation of expression divergence between duplicate gene copies has been observed, the driving mechanisms behind this phenomenon have not been explored in detail. We examine which factors influence expression divergence between human duplicate genes, utilizing the latest genome-wide data sets. We conclude that the turnover of transcription start sites between duplicate genes occurs rapidly after gene duplication and that gene pairs with shared transcription start sites have significantly higher expression similarity than those without shared transcription start sites. Moreover, we find that most (55%) duplicate gene pairs do not retain the same coding sequence structure between the two duplicate copies and this also contributes to divergence in their expression. Furthermore, the proportion of aligned sequences in cis-regulatory regions between the two copies is positively correlated with expression similarity. Surprisingly, we find no effect of copy-specific transposable element insertions on the divergence of duplicate gene expression. Our results suggest that turnover of transcription start sites, structural heterogeneity of coding sequences, and divergence of cis-regulatory regions between copies play a pivotal role in determining the expression divergence of duplicate genes.
Inhibition of Phytohemagglutinin- and Alloantigen-Indyced Lymphocyte Stimulation by Rauscher Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Pekka Häyry, Dolores Rago, Vittorio Defendi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Spleen and lymph node cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from BALB/c mice inoculated with Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) were tested for their ability to respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and to allogeneic stimulation in vitro as measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation. No differences from the controls were observed with lymph node cells and peripheral lymphocytes; however, spleen cells from inoculated animals responded minimally or not at all to PHA or allogeneic cells, not only at the full peak of the leukemic process but also during the incubation period when no biological signs of the disease were yet apparent. That the immunodepression in the infected animals was produced by a direct effect of the virus on the lymphoid cells was demonstrated in experiments in which lymphocytes from normal BALB/c mice exposed to RLV in vitro had a decreased response to PHA and allogeneic lymphocytes. It is suggested that the rapid immunodepression produced by the Rauscher virus in cells from the target organ may play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral leukemia.
Ceritinib for the Treatment of Late-Stage (Metastatic) Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Erminia Massarelli, Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Over the past decade, the non-small cell lung cancer therapeutics landscape has been dominated by the increasing focus on identification and validation of molecular targets, as well as the identification of the best candidate agents to address these targets. Among the notable successes have been the approval of erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib for the EGFR mutation, and more recently crizotinib for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement. Despite the excellent efficacy of crizotinib, several mechanisms of resistance, including secondary mutation in the ALK gene, eventually result in disease progression, and several second-generation ALK inhibitors, notably ceritinib, have demonstrated evidence of clinical activity in this setting. This review discusses the data associated with the recent accelerated approval of ceritinib for treatment of patients with ALK-positive, metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with disease progression on or who are intolerant to crizotinib.
Influence of Driving Pressure on Raised-volume Forced Expiration in Infants
Authors: MARK J. HAYDEN, PETER D. SLY, SUNALENE G. DEVADASON, LYLE C. GURRIN, JOHANNES H. WILDHABER, PETER N. LeSOUËF
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The raised-volume forced-expiration technique measures infant lung function over an extended volume range. To improve comparisons between individuals and populations, we investigated the influence of jacket pressure on outcome variables in 21 infants. To quantify pressure transmitted from the jacket to the pleural space at a given lung volume, the jacket was inflated against an occluded airway, and the increase in pressure at the mouth was measured. Flow-volume curves were recorded at transmitted pressure (Ptrans) values ranging from 0 to 41.9 cm H2O. The effect of Ptrans on the FEV measures of FEV0.5, FEV0.75, and FVC, and on the forced expiratory flow measures of FEF25% , FEF50% and FEF75% was assessed. At Ptrans values between 0 to 20 cm H2O, a significant positive relationship existed between transmitted pressure (Ptrans) and all outcome variables except FVC. At higher Ptrans values, all outcome variables demonstrated pressure independence, with the exception of FEF25% (which remained positive) and FVC (which was negative in a subgroup of wheezy infants). FEF75% values tended to decrease at Ptrans values > 25 cm H2O. At Ptrans values between 20 and 25 cm H2O, most outcome variables are pressure independent. This range is therefore the most suitable for use with the raised-volume forced expiration technique.
Gastric Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
Authors: A. C. Wotherspoon
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1998)

Although the majority of primary gastric lymphomas are of high-grade non-Hodgkin's type, a significant number are low-grade B cell lymphomas. The recognition that the majority of the latter have characteristic clinicopathological features that are different from those of their nodal counterparts has led to the suggestion that these lymphomas arise specifically from within organized extranodal lymphoid tissue; this tissue resembles that seen constitutively in the intestine (mostly located in the terminal ileum as Peyer's patches) and is termed mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). The paradox of this proposal is that there is no MALT in the gastric mucosa in normal individuals from which a primary lymphoma can arise. However, it has been shown that organized lymphoid tissue with all the features of MALT can be acquired in the gastric mucosa, and this is seen most frequently, but not exclusively, in association with infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Subsequent studies have confirmed a close association between H. pylori infection and gastric MALT lymphoma with the infection preceding the development of the lymphoma. In vitro studies have demonstrated that there is an immunologically based drive to tumor cell proliferation in low-grade gastric MALT lymphomas associated with the presence of H. pylori. Clinical studies have shown that, at least in early lesions, eradication of the organism can result in tumor regression in 60 to 92% of cases.
Lung cancer is more common but less often fatal in women
Authors: M S Anwar
Journal: Thorax (2006)

▴ International Early Lung Cancer Action Program Investigators. Women's susceptibility to tobacco carcinogens and survival after diagnosis of lung cancer. JAMA2006;296:180–4[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Lung cancer is on the rise, especially in women. Previous studies have suggested that women have a higher relative risk of developing lung cancer. This large follow up study … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.aulast%253DInternational%2BEarly%2BLung%2BCancer%2BAction%2BProgram%2BInv%26rft.auinit1%253D%2B%26rft.volume%253D296%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D180%26rft.epage%253D184%26rft.atitle%253DWomen%2527s%2BSusceptibility%2Bto%2BTobacco%2BCarcinogens%2Band%2BSurvival%2BAfter%2BDiagnosis%2Bof%2BLung%2BCancer%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.296.2.180%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16835423%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.296.2.180&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16835423&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F61%2F10%2F885.atom
Phase III Study Comparing Cisplatin Plus Fluorouracil to Paclitaxel, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ricardo Hitt, Antonio López-Pousa, Javier Martínez-Trufero, Vicente Escrig, Joan Carles, Alfredo Rizo, Dolores Isla, M. Eugenia Vega, Juan L. Martí, Francisco Lobo, Pedro Pastor, Vicente Valentí, Joaquín Belón, Miguel A. Sánchez, Carlos Chaib, Cinta Pallarés, Antonio Antón, Andrés Cervantes, Luis Paz-Ares, Hernán Cortés-Funes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose To compare the antitumor activity and toxicity of the two induction chemotherapy treatments of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (FU; PCF) versus standard cisplatin and FU (CF), both followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT), in locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). Patients and Methods Eligibility criteria included biopsy-proven, previously untreated, stage III or IV locally advanced HNC. Patients received either CF (cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 on day 1 plus FU 1,000 mg/m 2 continuous infusion on days 1 through 5) or PCF (paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 on day 1, cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 on day 2, and FU 500 mg/m 2 continuous infusion on days 2 through 6); both regimens were administered for three cycles every 21 days. Patients with complete response (CR) or partial response of greater than 80% in primary tumor received additional CRT (cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 on days 1, 22, and 43 plus 70 Gy). Results A total of 382 eligible patients were randomly assigned to CF (n = 193) or PCF (n = 189). The CR rate was 14% in the CF arm v 33% in the PCF arm (P &lt; .001). Median time to treatment failure was 12 months in the CF arm compared with 20 months in the PCF arm (log-rank test, P = .006; Tarone-Ware, P = .003). PCF patients had a trend to longer overall survival (OS; 37 months in CF arm v 43 months in PCF arm; log-rank test, P = .06; Tarone-Ware, P = .03). This difference was more evident in patients with unresectable disease (OS: 26 months in CF arm v 36 months in PCF arm; log-rank test, P = .04; Tarone-Ware, P = .03). CF patients had a higher occurrence of grade 2 to 4 mucositis than PCF patients (53% v 16%, respectively; P &lt; .001). Conclusion Induction chemotherapy with PCF was better tolerated and resulted in a higher CR rate than CF. However, new trials that compare induction chemotherapy plus CRT versus CRT alone are needed to better define the role of neoadjuvant treatment.
The α1B-adrenergic receptor decreases the inotropic response in the mouse Langendorff heart model
Authors: S Ross
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: α1-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are known mediators of a positive inotropy in the heart, which may play even more important roles in heart disease. Due to a lack of sufficiently selective ligands, the contribution of each of the three α1-AR subtypes (α1A, α1B and α1D) to cardiac function is not clearly defined. In this study, we used a systemically expressing mouse model that overexpresses the α1B-AR to define the role of this subtype in cardiac function. Methods: We used the mouse Langendorff heart model to assess changes in contractility under basal and phenylephrine-induced conditions. Results: We find that a 50% increase of the α1B-AR in the heart does not change basal cardiac parameters compared to age-matched normals (heart rate, ±dP/dT and coronary flow). However, the inotropic response to phenylephrine is blunted. The same results were obtained in isolated adult myocytes. The difference in inotropy could be blocked by the selective α1A-AR antagonist, 5-methylurapidil, which correlated with decreases in α1A-AR density, suggesting that the α1B-AR had caused a compensatory downregulation of the α1A-AR. Conclusions: These results suggest that the α1B-AR does not have a major role in the positive inotropic response in the mouse myocardium but may negatively modulate the response of the α1A-AR.
Reduction of relapses of atopic dermatitis with methylprednisolone aceponate cream twice weekly in addition to maintenance treatment with emollient: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, controlled study
Authors: A. Peserico, G. Städtler, M. Sebastian, R. Suarez Fernandez, K. Vick, T. Bieber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

The relapsing nature of atopic dermatitis (AD) presents a challenge for its long-term treatment. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids have been proven in the acute treatment of active AD, but their long-term efficacy and potential to reduce or prevent relapses have only partially been addressed.To investigate long-term management (16 weeks) of AD with methylprednisolone aceponate (MPA) 0.1% cream twice weekly in addition to an emollient (Advabase((R))) after stabilization of an acute severe or very severe flare of AD with MPA cream.Patients > or = 12 years of age with a > or = 2-year history of moderate to severe AD were eligible for this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, controlled study if they presented with an acute flare of severe or very severe AD [Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score > or = 4]. After successful treatment of the flare in an acute phase (AP), patients received either MPA twice weekly plus emollient or emollient alone over a 16-week maintenance phase (MP). The primary study endpoint was time to relapse of AD. Secondary endpoints included relapse rate and disease status, the patient's assessment of intensity of itch, the Eczema Area and Severity Index, the IGA score, affected body surface area, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and children's DLQI (CDLQI), patient's and investigator's global assessment of response and patient's assessment of quality of sleep.Two hundred and forty-nine patients entered the AP and 221 continued into the MP. Time to relapse was longer in the MPA group than in the emollient group. The probability of remaining free from relapse after 16 weeks was 87.1% in the MPA group compared with 65.8% for the emollient. Patients treated with MPA twice weekly had a 3.5-fold lower risk of experiencing a relapse than patients treated with emollient alone (hazard ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.9-6.4; P < 0.0001). MPA was also superior to emollient for all other efficacy endpoints. Therapy with both treatments was well tolerated.MPA twice weekly plus an emollient provides an effective maintenance treatment regimen to control AD. Once stabilized, treatment with MPA significantly reduces the risk of relapse and the intensity of itching, and improves the overall patient status.
Bayesian Estimation of Concordance among Gene Trees
Authors: C. Ane, B. Larget, D. A. Baum, S. D. Smith, A. Rokas
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Multigene sequence data have great potential for elucidating important and interesting evolutionary processes, but statistical methods for extracting information from such data remain limited. Although various biological processes may cause different genes to have different genealogical histories (and hence different tree topologies), we also may expect that the number of distinct topologies among a set of genes is relatively small compared with the number of possible topologies. Therefore evidence about the tree topology for one gene should influence our inferences of the tree topology on a different gene, but to what extent? In this paper, we present a new approach for modeling and estimating concordance among a set of gene trees given aligned molecular sequence data. Our approach introduces a one-parameter probability distribution to describe the prior distribution of concordance among gene trees. We describe a novel 2-stage Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method that first obtains independent Bayesian posterior probability distributions for individual genes using standard methods. These posterior distributions are then used as input for a second MCMC procedure that estimates a posterior distribution of gene-to-tree maps (GTMs). The posterior distribution of GTMs can then be summarized to provide revised posterior probability distributions for each gene (taking account of concordance) and to allow estimation of the proportion of the sampled genes for which any given clade is true (the sample-wide concordance factor). Further, under the assumption that the sampled genes are drawn randomly from a genome of known size, we show how one can obtain an estimate, with credibility intervals, on the proportion of the entire genome for which a clade is true (the genome-wide concordance factor). We demonstrate the method on a set of 106 genes from 8 yeast species.
Neurologic Complications of Trichinosis
Authors: James C. Skinner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

ALTHOUGH increasing attention has been paid to trichinosis in recent years, relatively little has been reported concerning its neurologic complications. Drowsiness, headache, depression and delirium are observed to be common findings. Frank meningeal irritation, hemiplegia, aphasia and other localized neurologic manifestations occur in from 10 to 17 per cent of all cases,1 , 2 but there are often no changes in the cerebrospinal fluid. The manner in which the infestation affects the brain has never been clearly demonstrated, although it is assumed that small cerebral vessels are occluded by the parasite. The prognosis of the cerebral symptoms in this disease is correspondingly . . .
Increased Granuloma Formation from Absorbable Sutures
Authors: E. Reed Gaskin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

DURING the past 18 months it has become apparent from our own observations and from discussions with other ophthalmologists and general surgeons that suture reactions of delayed and prolonged granuloma formation after the use of catgut suture material have increased alarmingly. It is distressing to both patient and surgeon to be confronted with unsightly and uncomfortable granuloma formations after apparently successful and uncomplicated surgery (Fig 1). These reactions have been noted in cataract surgery and plastic procedures but have been most obvious in muscle surgery. We were thus led to a review of the literature, 1-7 which failed to reveal significant reference to granuloma formation in either ophthalmologic or general surgery. It is the purpose of this paper to raise questions which may be solved with further inquiry and to offer a possible solution.  Clinical Observations  When increasing granuloma formation was first observed in strabismus surgery, an attempt was made