tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression in military medicine cadets: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dimitrios Nasioudis, Leonidas Palaiodimos, Matthaios Dagiasis, Angeliki Katsarou, Evangelos Ntouros
Journal: Military Medical Research (2015)

Military medicine cadets undergo strenuous military training alongside demanding medical studies. This stressful and complex educational environment can lead to the emergence of depressive symptoms. We investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms in a cohort of military medicine cadets.We conducted a descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among Greek military medicine cadets in the undergraduate program of the Hellenic Military School of Combat Support Officers. The Greek translation of the Zung self-rating depression scale questionnaire was used to screen for the presence of depressive symptoms. In addition, demographic, academic and dietary information was collected. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, Pearson correlation test, Chi-square test, t-test and Mann Whitney U test were employed for statistical analysis.We enrolled 55 female and 91 male military medicine cadets with a mean age of 19.84 years (SD = 0.99). The mean Zung crude score was 43.32 (SD = 4.55): 42.8 (SD = 4.43) for female cadets and 43.64 (SD = 4.6) for male cadets. Cadets were further subdivided into low and high risk groups for the presence of depressive symptoms. We identified 57 (39 %) cadets with a total Zung crude score of 45 or above: 21 females and 36 males. Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups based on gender, year of training, academic performance, alcohol consumption, smoking status, vitamin supplementation, dietary habits or BMI.We report a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in a cohort of military medicine cadets that underscores the need for effective screening and appropriate and timely interventions. We did not identify any related risk factors. Military medicine cadets are exposed to a challenging military and medical training environment, and thus represent a group at risk for development of depression.
Mode of Amplification and Reorganization of Resistance Genes During Recent Arabidopsis thaliana Evolution
Authors: Erik Richly, Joachim Kurth, Dario Leister
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

The NBS-LRR (nucleotide-binding site plus leucine-rich repeat) genes represent the major class of disease resistance genes in flowering plants and comprise 166 genes in the ecotype Col-0 of Arabidopsis thaliana. NBS-LRR genes are organized in single-gene loci, clusters, and superclusters. Phylogenetic analysis reveals nine monophyletic clades and a few phylogenetic orphans. Most clusters contain only genes from the same phylogenetic lineage, reflecting their origin from the exchange of sequence blocks as a result of intralocus recombination. Multiple duplications increased the number of NBS-LRR genes in the progenitors of Arabidopsis, suggesting that the present complexity in Col-0 may derive from as few as 17 progenitors. The combination of physical and phylogenetic analyses of the NBS-LRR genes makes it possible to detect relatively recent gene rearrangements, which increased the number of NBS-LRR genes by about 50, but which are almost never associated with large segmental duplications. The identification of 10 heterogeneous clusters containing members from different clades demonstrates that sequence sampling between different resistance gene loci and clades has occurred. Such events may have taken place early during flowering plant evolution, but they generated modules that have been duplicated and remobilized also more recently.
OC-131 Pattern of recurrence following non-anatomical resection for colorectal liver metastasis
Authors: A Hakeem, G Marangoni, A Nair, R Young, E Hidalgo, G Toogood, J P A Lodge, K R Prasad
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Non-anatomical resection (NAR) for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) has become more common in an attempt to preserve liver parenchyma. Pattern of recurrence (POR) following NAR has been reported previously, but there has been no detail on the hepatic recurrences with respect to previous NAR. We aim to investigate pattern of hepatic recurrence in patients who underwent NAR for CRLM, especially looking at the recurrences in the context of previous resected segment. <h3>Methods</h3> 1580 CRLM resection were performed in our centre between 1993 and 2010. 591 (37.4%) were NAR and 989 (62.6%) were AR. Patients who underwent simultaneous Anatomical Resection (AR) were excluded (95 out of 591). All NAR were grouped as either unilobar or bilobar metastatectomy and POR studied in relation to previous resected segment. <h3>Results</h3> 495 NAR were included. There were 291 recurrences (58.7%). 188 were hepatic (37.9%) and 103 extra-hepatic (20.8%). In 11 patients with hepatic recurrence, data were not available for recurrence segment and therefore excluded from POR analysis. The POR following unilobar metastatectomy (n=127): same segment (n=32, 25.2%), same sector (n=9, 7.1%), ipsilateral hemi-liver (n=48, 37.8%), contralateral hemi-liver (n=15, 11.8%) and bilobar (n=23, 18.1%). The POR following bilobar metastatectomy (n=50): same segment (n=1, 2%), hemi-liver with equal number of segments resected previously (n=15, 30%), hemi-liver with lesser involved segments previously (n=7, 14%), hemi-liver with more segment involved previously (n=10, 20.0%) and bilobar (n=17, 34.0%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This retrospective study shows that following unilobar CRLM resections, 70.0% recur in the ipsilateral hemi-liver. In bilobar resections, 22.0% recur in the same segment or hemi-liver with previous multiple resections. Our data supports a more aggressive approach for unilobar disease. Further studies need to be done on pattern of recurrences in patients undergoing parenchyma preserving surgery to develop best surgical strategies. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Multicenter Phase II Trial of S-1 Plus Cisplatin in Patients With Untreated Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jaffer A. Ajani, Fa-Chyi Lee, Deepti A. Singh, Daniel G. Haller, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Al B. Benson, Ronald Yanagihara, Alexandria T. Phan, James C. Yao, Dirk Strumberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

S-1 plus cisplatin is considered highly active in Japanese gastric cancer patients. We conducted a phase II multi-institutional trial, in the West, in patients with untreated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma to evaluate activity and safety of this combination.Patients received cisplatin intravenously at 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and S-1 orally at 25 mg/m2/dose bid (50 mg/m2/d) on days 1 to 21, repeated every 28 days. Patients with histologic proof of gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of > or = 70% and near-normal organ function were eligible. All patients provided a written informed consent. To observe a 45% confirmed overall response rate (ORR), 41 assessable patients were needed.All 47 patients were assessed for safety and survival, and 41 patients were assessed for ORR. The median age was 56 years and median KPS was 80%. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was four. The confirmed ORR was 51% (95% CI, 35% to 67%) and it was 49% by an independent review. At the 6-month interval, 71% of patients were alive, with a median survival time of 10.9 months. Frequent grade 3 or 4 toxicities included fatigue (26%), neutropenia (26%), vomiting (17%), diarrhea (15%), and nausea (15%); however, stomatitis (2%) and febrile neutropenia (2%) were uncommon. There was one (2%) treatment-related death.S-1 plus cisplatin is active against gastric cancer and has a favorable toxicity profile. A global phase III study of S-1 plus cisplatin versus fluorouracil plus cisplatin currently is accruing patients.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided Balloon Angioplasty of Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Julia J. Krueger, Peter Ewert, Sevim Yilmaz, Dinah Gelernter, Björn Peters, Klaus Pietzner, Axel Bornstedt, Bernhard Schnackenburg, Hashim Abdul-Khaliq, Eckart Fleck, Eike Nagel, Felix Berger, Titus Kuehne
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— MRI guidance of percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) of aortic coarctation (CoA) would be desirable for continuous visualization of anatomy and to eliminate x-ray exposure. The aim of this study was (1) to determine the suitability of MRI-controlled PTA using the iron oxide–based contrast medium Resovist (ferucarbotran) for catheter visualization and (2) to subsequently apply this technique in a pilot study with patients with CoA. Methods and Results— The MRI contrast-to-noise ratio and artifact behavior of Resovist-treated balloon catheters was optimized in in vitro and animal experiments (pigs). In 5 patients, anatomy of the CoA was evaluated before and after intervention with high-resolution respiratory-navigated 3D MRI and multiphase cine MRI. Position monitoring of Resovist-treated catheters was realized with interactive real-time MRI. Aortic pressures were continuously recorded. Conventional catheterization was performed before and after MRI to confirm interventional success. During MRI, catheters filled with 25 μmol of iron particles per milliliter of Resovist produced good signal contrast between catheters and their background anatomy but no image distortion due to susceptibility artifacts. All MRI procedures were performed successfully in the patient study. There was excellent agreement between the diameters of CoA and pressure gradients as measured during MRI and conventional catheterization. In 4 patients, PTA resulted in substantial widening of the CoA and a decrease in pressure gradients. In 1 patient, PTA was ineffective. Conclusions— The MRI method described represents a potential alternative to conventional x-ray fluoroscopy for catheter-based treatment of patients with CoA.
Comprehensive Kras and Nras Mutation Analysis: Predictive Biomarkers in a Phase 3 Panitumumab Monotherapy Study of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Mcrc)
Authors: Marc Peeters, Kelly Oliner, Salvatore Siena, Eric Van Cutsem, Yves Humblet, Jean Luc Van Laethem, Thierry Andre, Ying Tian, Roger Sidhu, Scott Patterson
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Association Between Familial Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Steven A. Lubitz, Xiaoyan Yin, João D. Fontes, Jared W. Magnani, Michiel Rienstra, Manju Pai, Mark L. Villalon, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Michael J. Pencina, Daniel Levy, Martin G. Larson, Patrick T. Ellinor, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Context Although the heritability of atrial fibrillation (AF) is established, the contribution of familial AF to predicting new-onset AF remains unknown.Objective To determine whether familial occurrence of AF is associated with newonset AF beyond established risk factors. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Framingham Heart Study, a prospective community-based cohort study started in 1948.Original and Offspring Cohort participants were aged at least 30 years, were free of AF at the baseline examination, and had at least 1 parent or sibling enrolled in the study.The 4421 participants in this analysis (mean age, 54 [SD, 13] years; 54% women) were followed up through December 31, 2007. Main Outcome MeasuresIncremental predictive value of incorporating different features of familial AF (any familial AF, premature familial AF [onset Յ65 years old], number of affected relatives, and youngest age of onset in a relative) into a risk model for new-onset AF.Results Across 11 971 examinations during the period 1968-2007, 440 participants developed AF.Familial AF occurred among 1185 participants (26.8%) and premature familial AF occurred among 351 participants (7.9%).Atrial fibrillation occurred more frequently among participants with familial AF than without familial AF (unadjusted absolute event rates of 5.8% and 3.1%, respectively).The association was not attenuated by adjustment for AF risk factors (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.74)or reported AF-related genetic variants.Among the different features of familial AF examined, premature familial AF was associated with improved discrimination beyond traditional risk factors to the greatest extent (traditional risk factors, C statistic, 0.842 [95% CI, 0.826-0.858];premature familial AF, C statistic, 0.846 [95% CI, 0.831-0.862];P=.004).Modest changes in integrated discrimination improvement were observed with premature familial AF (2.1%).Net reclassification improvement (assessed using 8-year risk thresholds of Ͻ5%, 5%-10%, and Ͼ10%) did not change significantly with premature familial AF (index statistic, 0.011; 95% CI, -0.021 to 0.042; P = .51),although categoryless net reclassification was improved (index statistic, 0.127; 95% CI, 0.064-0.189;P=.009). ConclusionsIn this cohort, familial AF was associated with an increased risk of AF that was not attenuated by adjustment for AF risk factors including genetic variants.Assessment of premature familial AF was associated with a very slight increase in predictive accuracy compared with traditional risk factors.
Pulmonary diffusion impairment following heart transplantation: a prospective study
Authors: JJ Egan, L Lowe, N Yonan, AN Rahman, CA Campbell, AK Deiraniya, KB Carroll, AA Woodcock
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The aim of this prospective study was to confirm whether and when a fall in gas transfer occurs following heart transplantation (HT); and to examine the potential relationship between gas transfer and haemodynamic change, immuno-suppression and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The lung physiology of 34 heart transplant recipients (HTR) and 14 control patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were studied. The absolute and standardized residual values of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), residual volume (RV), forced residual volume (FRC), total lung capacity (TLC), transfer factor of the lungs for carbon monoxide (TL,CO) and carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO) were measured before and at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after HT. These data were compared to haemodynamic status, graft rejection, cyclosporin levels and episodes of CMV infection. Lung function was studied in a group of patients before and 4 weeks after CABG. There was a significant fall in mean KCO after HT (pre-HT = 1.29 and post-HT = 1.06 mmol.min-1.kPa.L-1) but not after CABG (pre-CABG = 1.49, post-CABG = 1.5 mmol.min-1.kPa.L-1. No relationship was observed between gas transfer and CMV. At the latest stage following HT (150 days) there was a positive correlation between TL,CO (absolute value and standardized residual) and mean cyclosporin level (r = 0.48 and r = 0.44, respectively) and also between the absolute KCO and actual (r = 0.56) and mean (r = 0.55) cyclosporin levels. Following HT, there is an early fall in gas transfer, which is independent of the effects of surgery and bypass, implicating early immunosuppression (e.g. antithymocyte globulin/cyclosporin).
CD40 expression by human monocytes: regulation by cytokines and activation of monocytes by the ligand for CD40.
Authors: M R Alderson, R J Armitage, T W Tough, L Strockbine, W C Fanslow, M K Spriggs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family of cell surface proteins and was originally described as a B cell restricted antigen. Treatment of primary human monocytes with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), or interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) resulted in the induction of CD40 mRNA and enhancement of cell surface protein expression. CD40 was found to mediate monocyte adhesion to cells expressing recombinant CD40 ligand. CD40 ligand-transfected cells provided a potent costimulus for monocyte TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-3, or IFN-gamma, and enhanced IL-8 production stimulated by GM-CSF or IL-3. In addition, CD40 ligand-transfected cells acting in the absence of a costimulus induced monocytes to become tumoricidal against a human melanoma cell target. Collectively, these data indicate that CD40 ligand is pleiotropic with potent biological activity on monocytes.
A New Index of the Intrapulmonary Mixture of Inspired Air
Authors: M. R. Becklake
Journal: Thorax (1952)

In numerous studies it has been shown that the emphysematous lung is unevenly ventilated, the inspired air being more effectively mixed into some parts than into others, and it has been usual to express the results of such studies graphically.Some workers have emphasized the importance of the shape of the graph (Briscoe, Beck- lake, and Rose, 1951), whereas others have expressed the efficiency of intra- pulmonary mixing as indices related to one or other of the variables upon which the shape of the graph depends (Bateman, 1950;Bates and Christie, 1950;Birath, 1944;Darling, Cournand, and Richards, 1944).One such index is that of Cournand, Baldwin, Darling, and Richards (1941).These workers had noticed that the alveolar nitrogen content after seven minutes of pure oxygen breathing was higher in emphysematous than in normal subjects.This suggested that in emphysematous subjects the tidal air was less effective in washing out the alveolar spaces.They adapted their open-circuit method of measuring lung volume to measure the efficiency of the intrapulmonary distribution of inspired air (Darling, Cournand, and Richards, 1944), expressing their results in terms of the difference between the observed and the predicted alveolar nitrogen content after various numbers of breaths.Their prediction formula was based on the assumption that in normal subjects a volume of air equal to the tidal air minus the anatomical dead space was evenly distributed to all lung spaces.Because this method was too laborious for routine use, they subsequently (Baldwin, Cournand, and Richards, 1948) reverted to their original method of measuring only the alveolar nitrogen content after seven minutes of pure oxygen breathing.The theoretical objections to this figure as a mixing index are, as they pointed out, that it does not allow for variations in minute ventilation or functional residual air.Another index was suggested by Birath (1944), who observed the rate at which equilibration took place between the lungs and a closed spirometer system containing hydrogen as the indicator gas.From the mixing curve he estimated "dead space," using the ratio between this physiological " dead space " and the mean tidal air as an index of intrapulmonary mixing efficiency.Measurements of " dead space" have little meaning when the lung is unevenly ventilated, as the dead space appears to increase during the course of a single mixing study after the well-ventilated parts of the lung have equilibrated (Becklake, 1951 ; Briscoe, Becklake, and Rose, 1951).Hence it would be misleading to represent the " dead space " of such on June 27,
Performance demands of professional male tennis players
Authors: C D Johnson, M P McHugh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To quantify the performance demands in professional male tennis.Games from three grand slam tournaments were analysed by an elite tennis player from video recordings. Game related data were collected on 22 players (French Open, 8 (186 games); Wimbledon, 11 (206 games); US Open, 9 (224 games)). Total number of strokes per game was quantified separately for service and return games. Strokes were categorised by type and designated as forehand or backhand. Differences in the types of strokes in a game were analysed using one factor (type of stroke) repeated measures analysis of variance. Differences in total strokes and stroke distributions between playing surfaces were analysed by analysis of variance (surface type) with Tukey's post hoc pairwise comparisons.For service games there were more serves per game than any other type of stroke (p<0.001), with topspin forehand and topspin backhand the only other strokes averaging more than one per service game. For return games there were more forehand and backhand returns and topspin forehands and backhands than other types of stroke (p<0.01). Total number of strokes per game was greater in the French Open than Wimbledon (p<0.01), with more topspin forehands (p<0.01) and more topspin backhands (p<0.01). Total strokes per game in the US Open were not different from the other two tournaments.The serve was the predominant stroke accounting for 45% (French Open) to 60% (Wimbledon) of strokes during service games. The greater number of strokes per game on clay v grass may contribute to earlier fatigue.
HGF Rescues Colorectal Cancer Cells from EGFR Inhibition via MET Activation
Authors: David Liska, Chin-Tung Chen, Thomas Bachleitner-Hofmann, James G. Christensen, Martin R. Weiser
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Cetuximab, an antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is active in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, response rates range from only 10% to 20%. Here, we investigate hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-dependent mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) activation as a mediator of cetuximab resistance through signal diversification in CRC cell lines. Experimental Design: DiFi, GEO, and LIM1215 cells were treated with varying concentrations and combinations of EGF, HGF, cetuximab, and PHA-665752 (a highly specific MET kinase inhibitor). Biological end points included proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Proliferation was measured using WST-1 assays and synergy investigated via isobolograms. Expression and signaling were examined using immunoblotting. Results: EGFR and MET are coexpressed in these CRC cell lines, and dual receptor activation synergistically increased proliferation. Cetuximab inhibited cell growth by 60%–80% with an associated dephosphorylation of EGFR, MAPK, and/or AKT. Addition of HGF to cetuximab-treated cells phosphorylated MET, but not EGFR or ErbB3, restimulated the MAPK and AKT pathways, restored cell proliferation, and rescued cells from G1 arrest and apoptosis. Importantly, this effect could be abrogated by inhibiting MET activation with PHA-665752 or by downregulating MET expression with RNAi. Conclusions: HGF-induced MET activation is a novel mechanism of cetuximab resistance in CRC. Inhibition of the HGF-MET pathway may improve response to EGFR inhibitors in CRC, and combination therapy should be further investigated. Clin Cancer Res; 17(3); 472–82. ©2010 AACR.
Primary pulmonary hypertension, Castleman's disease and human herpesvirus‐8
Authors: T.M. Bull, C.D. Cool, A.E. Serls, P.R. Rai, J. Parr, J.M. Neid, M.W. Geraci, T.B. Campbell, N.F. Voelkel, D.B. Badesch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) and Castleman's disease (CD) are rare conditions infrequently encountered in clinical practice. In this paper, two patients diagnosed with both of these diseases are reported. The authors speculate that rather than being a chance occurrence, these conditions are linked by a common angio-proliferative mechanism. Therefore, an association between infection with the human herpesvirus‐8 and the diseases of PPH and CD was sought. Evidence of human herpesvirus‐8 infection was found in the lung tissue and, specifically, in the plexiform lesions from one of the patients.
A blind deconvolution approach to high-resolution mapping of transcription factor binding sites from ChIP-seq data
Authors: Desmond S Lun, Ashley Sherrid, Brian Weiner, David R Sherman, James E Galagan
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

We present CSDeconv, a computational method that determines locations of transcription factor binding from ChIP-seq data. CSDeconv differs from prior methods in that it uses a blind deconvolution approach that allows closely-spaced binding sites to be called accurately. We apply CSDeconv to novel ChIP-seq data for DosR binding in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to existing data for GABP in humans and show that it can discriminate binding sites separated by as few as 40 bp.