tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Natural selection of visual symmetries
Authors: Peter A. van der Helm
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Implicitly, Wynn's target article starts from the transformational definition of symmetry. Unlike his suggestion, this traditional definition and the recent holographic definition are relevant to the discussion on the cognitive evolution of visual symmetries. These definitions reveal underlying properties and, thereby, they support the natural selection hypothesis. The holographic definition even agrees with an indirect test of this hypothesis.
Personality Assessment from the Nineteenth to the Early Twenty-First Century: Past Achievements and Contemporary Challenges
Authors: James N. Butcher
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2010)

The historical basis of personality assessment that led to the development of today's approaches and applications is described. The modern era of personality assessment began in late nineteenth-century Europe. Early twentieth-century highlights included the development of projective techniques like the Rorschach and several early self-report inventories, culminating in the development of the most widely used measure, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The most recent 30-year period showed expansions into personnel screening; clinical assessment, including wide use in forensic settings; and therapeutic assessment. However, contemporary controversies are apparent with two of the most widely used measures, the Rorschach and the MMPI instruments. These controversies are described, including concerns about the Exner Comprehensive System for the Rorschach and the last five years of changes to the MMPI-2, including the introduction of the Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales, the adoption of the Fake Bad Scale (FBS) into the instrument, and the release of the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Current challenges facing psychologists in personality assessment are highlighted.
Topical TLR7 Agonist Imiquimod Can Induce Immune-Mediated Rejection of Skin Metastases in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Sylvia Adams, Lina Kozhaya, Frank Martiniuk, Tze-Chiang Meng, Luis Chiriboga, Leonard Liebes, Tsivia Hochman, Nicholas Shuman, Deborah Axelrod, James Speyer, Yelena Novik, Amy Tiersten, Judith D. Goldberg, Silvia C. Formenti, Nina Bhardwaj, Derya Unutmaz, Sandra Demaria
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Skin metastases of breast cancer remain a therapeutic challenge. Toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod is an immune response modifier and can induce immune-mediated rejection of primary skin malignancies when topically applied. Here we tested the hypothesis that topical imiquimod stimulates local antitumor immunity and induces the regression of breast cancer skin metastases. Experimental Design: A prospective clinical trial was designed to evaluate the local tumor response rate of breast cancer skin metastases treated with topical imiquimod, applied 5 d/wk for 8 weeks. Safety and immunologic correlates were secondary objectives. Results: Ten patients were enrolled and completed the study. Imiquimod treatment was well tolerated, with only grade 1 to 2 transient local and systemic side effects consistent with imiquimod's immunomodulatory effects. Two patients achieved a partial response [20%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3%–56%]. Responders showed histologic tumor regression with evidence of an immune-mediated response, showed by changes in the tumor lymphocytic infiltrate and locally produced cytokines. Conclusion: Topical imiquimod is a beneficial treatment modality for breast cancer metastatic to skin/chest wall and is well tolerated. Importantly, imiquimod can promote a proimmunogenic tumor microenvironment in breast cancer. Preclinical data generated by our group suggest superior results with a combination of imiquimod and ionizing radiation and we are currently testing in patients whether the combination can further improve antitumor immune and clinical responses. Clin Cancer Res; 18(24); 6748–57. ©2012 AACR.
Self-examination of the breasts.
Authors: M Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Self-examination of the breasts SIR,-The technique usually described for carrying out self-examination of the breasts is repeated from pamphlet to pamphlet without question, and the description in the BMJ (5 August, p 413) is no exception.It would seem that no authors have actually tried to carry out the manoeuvre that they advocate, for they would find that it is not very practicable.To expect a woman to examine the medial half of her breast using the flat of the ipsilateral hand demands a combination of gymnastic skill and hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints not usually found outside a ballet school.Self-examination of the breast should be carried out in the same way that a doctor would do a clinical examination of the breasts.The flat of the right hand is drawn right across the left breast from left to right.Starting at the top of the breast this is repeated at lower levels until the whole breast has been palpated.The left hand is then used to examine the right breast in a similar way.
A catalog of human cDNA expression clones and its application to structural genomics.
Authors: Konrad Büssow, Claudia Quedenau, Volker Sievert, Janett Tischer, Christoph Scheich, Harald Seitz, Brigitte Hieke, Frank H Niesen, Frank Götz, Ulrich Harttig, Hans Lehrach
Journal: Genome biology (2004)

Abstract We describe here a systematic approach to the identification of human proteins and protein fragments that can be expressed as soluble proteins in Escherichia coli . A cDNA expression library of 10,825 clones was screened by small-scale expression and purification and 2,746 clones were identified. Sequence and protein-expression data were entered into a public database. A set of 163 clones was selected for structural analysis and 17 proteins were prepared for crystallization, leading to three new structures.
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of new treatments: efficacy versus effectiveness studies?
Authors: C Bombardier, A Maetzel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

The juxtaposition of economic and clinical evaluation raises new issues in the design of clinical trials. Recent pharmacoeconomic guidelines provide some direction, but do not deal with the appropriate timing of economic evaluations in the drug developmental process. Ideally, pharmacoeconomic data should be available at the time of the regulatory and formulary decision making. Current pivotal phase III trials do not provide these data; they are designed to test safety and efficacy (does the drug work under optimal circumstances?) and not to answer questions about the effectiveness of a drug, the more relevant question for economic analysis (does the drug work in usual care?). The use of more "naturalistic" designs for some phase III randomised trials has been suggested. These so called "effectiveness trials" more closely reflect routine clinical practice. They use a more flexible dosage regimen, and a "usual care" instead of a placebo comparator. Patients randomised are more representative of actual practice and outcomes include quality of life and utility measures. They are more suited to provide the data needed to estimate the real benefit of the treatment in actual care. When costs are applied and compared with these benefits, you can estimate the efficiency of allocating resources to this new drug. Increasing the use of effectiveness trials in phase III would decrease the need for economic modelling.
Does Ethics Education Influence the Moral Action of Practicing Nurses and Social Workers?
Authors: Christine Grady, Marion Danis, Karen L. Soeken, Patricia O'Donnell, Carol Taylor, Adrienne Farrar, Connie M. Ulrich
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

This study investigated the relationship between ethics education and training, and the use and usefulness of ethics resources, confidence in moral decisions, and moral action/activism through a survey of practicing nurses and social workers from four United States (US) census regions.The sample (n = 1215) was primarily Caucasian (83%), female (85%), well educated (57% with a master's degree). no ethics education at all was reported by 14% of study participants (8% of social workers had no ethics education, versus 23% of nurses), and only 57% of participants had ethics education in their professional educational program. Those with both professional ethics education and in-service or continuing education were more confident in their moral judgments and more likely to use ethics resources and to take moral action. Social workers had more overall education, more ethics education, and higher confidence and moral action scores, and were more likely to use ethics resources than nurses.Ethics education has a significant positive influence on moral confidence, moral action, and use of ethics resources by nurses and social workers.
Evidence of a role for CD44 and cell adhesion in mediating resistance to lenalidomide in multiple myeloma: therapeutic implications
Authors: C C Bjorklund, V Baladandayuthapani, H Y Lin, R J Jones, I Kuiatse, H Wang, J Yang, J J Shah, S K Thomas, M Wang, D M Weber, R Z Orlowski
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Age and HER2 expression status affect MRI accuracy in predicting residual tumor extent after neo-adjuvant systemic treatment
Authors: H.-G. Moon, W. Han, J.W. Lee, E. Ko, E.-K. Kim, J.-H. Yu, S.Y. Kang, W.K. Moon, N. Cho, I.-A. Park, D.-Y. Oh, S.-W. Han, S.-A. Im, D.-Y. Noh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)

BackgroundAlthough recent studies suggest high accuracy of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting residual tumor extent after neo-adjuvant systemic treatment (NST), its use is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to identify predictive factors of MRI accuracy after NST to determine a subgroup of patients in whom the use of MRI provides best additional benefit.Materials and methodsClinicopathologic and molecular profiles of breast cancer patients were investigated and their relationships with MRI accuracy were analyzed.ResultsFrom January 2006 to February 2008, 195 patients received NST and preoperative MRI. In overall, MRI predicted residual tumor extent with higher accuracy than ultrasonography. Triple-negative (TN) tumors showed highest correlation between MRI-measured and pathologic tumor size (r = 0.781) when compared with other subtypes. Multivariate analysis showed age and HER2 expression status as independent factors predicting MRI accuracy. When patients were classified based on their age and HER2 status, relatively older patients (>45) with HER2-negative tumors showed highest MRI accuracy. This finding was further validated using an independent cohort of 63 consecutive patients.ConclusionAge and HER2 status independently affected MRI accuracy after NST. This observation may guide more tailored approach in using MRI in breast cancer patients undergoing NST.
Total tumor volume and alpha‐fetoprotein for selection of transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective validation
Authors: Christian Toso, Glenda Meeberg, Roberto Hernandez‐Alejandro, Jean‐François Dufour, Paul Marotta, Pietro Majno, Norman M. Kneteman
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

The selection of liver transplantation (LT) candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently validated based on Milan criteria. The use of extended criteria has remained a matter of debate, mainly because of the absence of prospective validation. The present prospective study recruited patients according to the previously proposed total tumor volume (TTV; ≤115 cm 3 )/alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP; ≤400 ng/mL) score. Patients with AFP &gt;400 ng/mL were excluded, and, as such, the Milan group was modified to include only patients with AFP &lt;400 ng/mL; these patients were compared to patients beyond Milan, but within TTV/AFP. From January 2007 to March 2013, 233 patients with HCC were listed for LT. Of them, 195 patients were within Milan and 38 beyond Milan, but within TTV/AFP. The average follow‐up from listing was 33.9 ± 24.9 months. Risk of dropout was higher for patients beyond Milan, but within TTV/AFP (16 of 38; 42.1%), than for those within Milan (49 of 195 [25.1%]; P = 0.033). In parallel, intent‐to‐treat survival from listing was lower in patients beyond Milan (53.8% vs. 71.6% at 4 years; P &lt; 0.001). After a median waiting time of 8 months, 166 patients were transplanted, 134 within Milan criteria, and 32 beyond Milan but within TTV/AFP. They demonstrated acceptable and similar recurrence rates (4.5% vs. 9.4%; P = 0.138) and post‐transplant survivals (78.7% vs. 74.6% at 4 years; P = 0.932). Conclusion: Based on the present prospective study, HCC LT candidate selection could be expanded to the TTV (≤115 cm 3 )/AFP (≤400 ng/mL) criteria in centers with at least 8‐month waiting time. An increased risk of dropout on the waiting list can be expected, but with equivalent and satisfactory post‐transplant survival. (H epatology 2015;62:158‐165)
The safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor treatments in rheumatoid arthritis: meta and exposure-adjusted pooled analyses of serious adverse events
Authors: J P Leombruno, T R Einarson, E C Keystone
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To evaluate the safety of biological treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using results from randomised controlled trials (RCT). <h3>Methods:</h3> The literature was searched to December 2007 for RCT evaluating inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF) for RA. Safety data were abstracted and risk estimates were calculated using three approaches, meta-analysis with and without adjustment for exposure and simple exposure-adjusted pooling. <h3>Results:</h3> Eighteen randomised trials involving 8808 RA subjects were included. Treatment with recommended doses of anti-TNF found no increase in the odds of death (odds ratio (OR) 1.39; 95% CI 0.74 to 2.62), serious adverse events (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.32), serious infection (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.63), lymphoma (OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.52 to 3.06), non-melanoma skin cancers (OR 1.27; 95% CI 0.67 to 2.42) or the composite endpoint of non-cutaneous cancers plus melanomas (OR 1.31; 95% CI 0.69 to 2.48) when evaluated using the unadjusted meta-analytic method. Risk estimates were similar with the other methods. For subjects who received two to three times the recommended doses of anti-TNF the risk of serious infection was increased with the unadjusted meta-analytic and pooled analysis, (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.31 to 3.26) and (risk ratio (RR) 1.83; 95% CI 1.18 to 2.85), respectively, but not increased in the exposure-adjusted meta-analysis (RR 1.99; 95% CI 0.90 to 4.37). Meta-regression identified that the risk of serious infection with anti-TNF therapy decreases with increasing trial duration (p = 0.035). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Meta-analytic and exposure-adjusted pooled analyses on over 8800 RA subjects in RCT treated over an average of 0.8 years did not identify an increased risk of serious adverse events with recommended doses. High-dose anti-TNF therapy was associated with a twofold increase in the risk of serious infections.
12-Month Blood Pressure Results of Catheter-Based Renal Artery Denervation for Resistant Hypertension
Authors: George L. Bakris, Raymond R. Townsend, John M. Flack, Sandeep Brar, Sidney A. Cohen, Ralph D’Agostino, David E. Kandzari, Barry T. Katzen, Martin B. Leon, Laura Mauri, Manuela Negoita, William W. O’Neill, Suzanne Oparil, Krishna Rocha-Singh, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Transmission of Kala-azar
Authors: L. E. Napier
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>Objective</h3> To review and synthesise evidence on rates of respiratory-associated deaths and associated risk factors in the intellectual disability population. <h3>Design</h3> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <h3>Data sources</h3> Embase, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science (all databases including Medline) and PsychINFO were searched for studies published between 1st January 1985 and 27th April 2020 and examined study and outcome quality. Reference lists and Google Scholar were also hand searched. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 2295 studies, 17 were included in the narrative synthesis and 10 studies (11 cohorts) in the meta-analysis. Data from 90 302 people with intellectual disabilities and 13 808 deaths from all causes in people with intellectual disabilities were extracted. Significantly higher rates of respiratory-associated deaths were found among people with intellectual disabilities (standardised mortality ratio(SMR): 10.86 (95% CI: 5.32 to 22.18, p&lt;0.001) compared with those in the general population, lesser rates for adults with ID (SMR: 6.53 (95% CI: 4.29 to 9.96, p&lt;0.001); and relatively high rates from pneumonia 26.65 (95% CI: 5.63 to 126.24, p&lt;0.001). The overall statistical heterogeneity was I<sup>2</sup>=99.0%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Premature deaths due to respiratory disorders are potentially avoidable with improved public health initiatives and equitable access to quality healthcare. Further research should focus on developing prognostic guidance and validated tools for clinical practice to mitigate risks of respiratory-associated deaths. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42020180479.
A phase I study of oral uracil–ftorafur plus folinic acid in combination with weekly paclitaxel in patients with solid tumors
Authors: F. Mayer, J.T. Hartmann, J. von Pawel, J. Beck, M. Schroeder, I. Boehlke, L. Kanz, C. Bokemeyer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Bleeding Complications With Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Among Patients With Stable Vascular Disease or Risk Factors for Vascular Disease
Authors: Peter B. Berger, Deepak L. Bhatt, Valentin Fuster, P. Gabriel Steg, Keith A.A. Fox, Mingyuan Shao, Danielle M. Brennan, Werner Hacke, Gilles Montalescot, Steven R. Steinhubl, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Uncertainty exists about the frequency, correlates, and clinical significance of bleeding with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), particularly over an extended period in a stable population. We sought to determine the frequency and time course of bleeding with DAPT in patients with established vascular disease or risk factors only; identify correlates of bleeding; and determine whether bleeding is associated with mortality.We analyzed 15 603 patients enrolled in the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHARISMA) trial, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial comparing long-term clopidogrel 75 mg/d versus placebo; all patients received aspirin (75 to 162 mg) daily. Patients had either established stable vascular disease or multiple risk factors for vascular disease without established disease. Median follow-up was 28 months. Bleeding was assessed with the use of the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) criteria. Severe bleeding occurred in 1.7% of the clopidogrel group versus 1.3% on placebo (P=0.087); moderate bleeding occurred in 2.1% versus 1.3%, respectively (P<0.001). The risk of bleeding was greatest the first year. Patients without moderate or severe bleeding during the first year were no more likely than placebo-treated patients to have bleeding thereafter. The frequency of bleeding was similar in patients with established disease and risk factors only. In multivariable analysis, the relationship between moderate bleeding and all-cause mortality was strong (hazard ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.71 to 3.80; P<0.0001), along with myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 2.92; 95% confidence interval, 2.04 to 4.18; P<0.0001) and stroke (hazard ratio, 4.20; 95% confidence interval, 3.05 to 5.77; P<0.0001).In CHARISMA, there was an increased risk of bleeding with long-term clopidogrel. The incremental risk of bleeding was greatest in the first year and similar thereafter. Moderate bleeding was strongly associated with mortality. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00050817.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Following Trauma: Understanding Comorbidity
Authors: Meaghan L O'Donnell, Mark Creamer, Phillipa Pattison
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression occur frequently following traumatic exposure, both as separate disorders and concurrently. This raises the question of whether PTSD and depression are separate disorders in the aftermath of trauma or part of a single general traumatic stress construct. This study aimed to explore the relationships among PTSD, depression, and comorbid PTSD/depression following traumatic injury.A group of 363 injury survivors was assessed just prior to discharge from hospital and 3 and 12 months postinjury. Canonical correlations were used to examine the relationship between PTSD and depression symptom severity and a set of predictor variables. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify whether the diagnostic categories of PTSD, depression, and comorbid PTSD/depression were associated with different groups of predictors.The majority of psychopathology in the aftermath of trauma was best conceptualized as a general traumatic stress factor, suggesting that when PTSD and depression occur together, they reflect a shared vulnerability with similar predictive variables. However, there was also evidence that in a minority of cases at 3 months, depression occurs independently from PTSD and was predicted by a different combination of variables.While PTSD and comorbid PTSD/depression are indistinguishable, the findings support the existence of depression as a separate construct in the acute, but not the chronic, aftermath of trauma.
Coronary Artery Calcium Area by Electron-Beam Computed Tomography and Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Area
Authors: John A. Rumberger, D. Brent Simons, Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick, Patrick F. Sheedy, Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Coronary calcium identified by electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) correlates poorly with luminal atherosclerotic narrowing, but calcium, an intimate part of coronary plaque, may be more directly related to atheromatous plaque area.Thirty-eight coronary arteries from 13 autopsy hearts were dissected, straightened, and scanned with EBCT in 3-mm contiguous increments. Coronary calcium area was defined as one or more pixels with a density > 130 Hounsfield units (0.18 mm2/pixel). Each artery was divided into corresponding 3-mm segments, representative histological sections were stained, and atherosclerotic plaque area per segment (mm2) was quantified. Coronary artery calcium and coronary artery plaque areas were correlated for the hearts as a whole, for individual coronary arteries, and for individual coronary artery segments. The sums of histological plaque areas versus the sums of calcium areas were highly correlated for each heart and for each coronary artery. However, coronary plaque area was on the order of five times greater than calcium area. Furthermore, minimal diffuse segmental coronary plaque could be present despite the absence of coronary calcium detectable by EBCT.This histopathologic study confirms an intimate relation between whole heart, coronary artery, and segmental coronary atherosclerotic plaque area and EBCT coronary calcium area but suggests that there is a threshold value for plaque area below which coronary calcium is either absent or not detectable by this methodology.