tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnose and be damned
Authors: D. Pheby
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editor—Marcovitch's arguments about treatment of the chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) in children are illogical.1 He writes of the “hatchet job” performed by Panorama in the programme of 8 November and refers to the Washington Post's policy that news requires corroboration.

One of the responses to his article, by Wessely [published here, p 1005], states, “contrary to the message of the programme, the management of chronic fatigue syndrome in children is not contentious.”2 In referring to a case reported by Panorama Marcovitch states that “parents' views and those of the local medical team were in conflict.” Yet the programme made clear that the dispute was between the parents supported by their own medical advisers and the local medical team, so perhaps there is greater disagreement than has been asserted.

Marcovitch discussed at length Munchausen's syndrome by proxy; Panorama labelled one of the cases of myalgic encephalitis as being a case of this syndrome. No one likes receiving emotional, intemperate outbursts, even from people who think they have been wrongly accused. But what is sauce for the goose is surely sauce for the gander. Even doctors sometimes make mistakes, yet Marcovitch disregards the possibility that parents, knowing themselves innocent, may feel themselves to have been receiving exactly the same type of vituperative attack that he objects to when doctors are on the receiving end. Such allegations turn on fact rather than clinical opinion so should be subject to Marcovitch's own test of corroboration.

Innocent people are made angry by accusations that, if made without justification in any other context, could end in High Court actions for defamation. They often react vigorously to them, to give paramount importance to the interests of their children and to preserve the integrity of their families. Clinical opinion may be highly speculative in nature. Yet alone of professionals, some doctors seem to regard their opinions as paramount, even when they fly in the face of the facts. Lawyers may form professional opinions about cases but expect to see them challenged during legal proceedings. Journalists, as Marcovitch himself has suggested, should seek corroboration of their views.

Much heat could be taken out of the situation if some doctors approached the care of children with myalgic encephalomyelitis with greater humility and understanding. They should attempt to build the type of partnership with parents that is clearly best practice and in line with the intentions of legislation on child care.
A Small Virus-Like Particle Observed in Human Breast Cancer by Means of Electron Microscopy&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Feller, William F., Chopra, Harish C.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

A Small Virus-Like Particle Observed in Human Breast Cancer by Means of Electron Microscopy Get access William F. Feller, William F. Feller Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, D.C., 20007 and The John L. Smith Memorial for Cancer Research, Chas. Pfizer & Company, Inc., Maywood, New Jersey 07607 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harish C. Chopra Harish C. Chopra Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, D.C., 20007 and The John L. Smith Memorial for Cancer Research, Chas. Pfizer & Company, Inc., Maywood, New Jersey 07607 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 40, Issue 6, June 1968, Pages 1359–1373, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/40.6.1359 Published: 01 June 1968 Article history Received: 11 March 1968 Accepted: 15 March 1968 Published: 01 June 1968
In vitro chemosensitivity and correlation with molecular analysis and clinical outcome in patients with ovarian or breast cancer
Authors: G. Agiostratidou, J. Sgouros, E. Galani, A. Boulgari, J. Janninis, G. Aravantinos, E. Samantas, D. V. Skarlos, Efstathios S. Gonos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)
Long-Term Sequelae and Late Effects In Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Survivors: A Single AIEOP Center Experience
Authors: Rosanna Parasole, Fara Petruzziello, Antonia De Matteo, Argia Mangione, Gaia Sepe, Annunziata Iuliano, Annamaria Pinto, Maria Rosa Ferrante, Virginia Vitale, Vincenzo Poggi
Journal: Blood (2013)
Direct Comparison of Three Isotopic Release Microtoxicity Assays as Measures of Cell-Mediated Immunity to Gross Virus-Induced Lymphomas in Rats
Authors: R. K. Oldham, J. R. Ortaldo, H. T. Holden, R. B. Herberman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Direct Comparison of Three Isotopic Release Microtoxicity Assays as Measures of Cell-Mediated Immunity to Gross Virus-Induced Lymphomas in Rats Get access R. K. Oldham, R. K. Oldham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. R. Ortaldo, J. R. Ortaldo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. T. Holden, H. T. Holden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. B. Herberman R. B. Herberman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 4, April 1977, Pages 1061–1067, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.4.1061 Published: 01 April 1977 Article history Received: 20 July 1976 Accepted: 27 September 1976 Published: 01 April 1977
Ultrastructural Studies of Cell-Virus Interaction in Reptilian Cell Lines. I. Intramitochondrial Viruses in “C-Type” Virus-Producing VSW Cells
Authors: P. D. Lunger, H F. Clark
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Ultrastructural Studies of Cell-Virus Interaction in Reptilian Cell Lines. I. Intramitochondrial Viruses in “C-Type” Virus-Producing VSW Cells Get access P. D. Lunger, P. D. Lunger Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711; and The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H F. Clark H F. Clark Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711; and The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 1, January 1973, Pages 111–117, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.1.111 Published: 01 January 1973 Article history Received: 12 June 1972 Accepted: 19 September 1972 Published: 01 January 1973
Presence of Natural Killer Cells in Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J M Sharma, B D Coulson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Spleen cells of normal specific-pathogen-free N, P, and 15 X 7 chickens were cytotoxic in vitro for target cells of Marek's disease lymphoma line MSB-1. The natural killer (NK) cell activity, best expressed in chickens over 7 weeks old, varied among several genetic lines of chickens tested. The NK cells were thermolabile, and incubation of the cells at 37 degrees C for 30--60 minutes resulted in substantial loss of cytotoxicity. The specificity of NK effector cells was directed against common antigen(s) on tumor cell lines of diverse origin but not on normal adult or embryonic cells.
All-Cause Mortality in Women With Severe Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Benedicte Marie Winther Johannsen, Janne Tidselbak Larsen, Thomas Munk Laursen, Veerle Bergink, Samantha Meltzer-Brody, Trine Munk-Olsen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

Objective: The postpartum period is associated with a high risk of psychiatric episodes. The authors studied mortality in women with first-onset severe psychiatric disorders following childbirth and compared their mortality rates with those in women from the background population including other female psychiatric patients (mothers and childless women). Method: In a register-based cohort study with linked information from Danish population registers, the authors identified women with first psychiatric inpatient or outpatient contacts 0–3 months postpartum. The main outcome measure was mortality rate ratios (MRRs): deaths from natural causes (diseases and medical conditions) or unnatural causes (suicides, accidents, and homicides). The cohort included 1,545,857 women representing 68,473,423 person-years at risk. Results: In total, 2,699 women had first-onset psychiatric disorders 0–3 months postpartum, and 96 of these died during follow-up. Women with postpartum psychiatric disorders had a higher MRR (3.74; 95% CI=3.06–4.57) than non-postpartum-onset mothers (MRR=2.73; 95% CI=2.67–2.79) when compared with mothers with no psychiatric history. However, childless women with psychiatric diagnoses had the highest MRR (6.15; 95% CI=5.94–6.38). Unnatural cause of death represented 40.6% of fatalities among women with postpartum psychiatric disorders, and within the first year after diagnosis, suicide risk was drastically increased (MRR=289.42; 95% CI=144.02–581.62) when compared with mothers with no psychiatric history. Conclusions: Women with severe postpartum psychiatric disorders had increased MRRs compared with mothers without psychiatric diagnoses, and the first year after diagnosis represents a time of particularly high relative risk for suicide in this vulnerable group.
Breast cancer survivor perceptions regarding relapse and related disease risk.
Authors: G. Makari-Judson, C. Loke, D. Katz, R. Barham, W. C. Mertens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e19510 Background: Survivor impressions of disease risk may vary with patient demographics which may be important in designing survivorship programs for the increasing numbers of breast cancer survivors. Purpose: To evaluate survivor impressions surrounding breast cancer recurrence as well as risk for development of other cancers and non-cancer health problems and concerns. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 300 Stage I–III breast cancer patients diagnosed from 1997-2007 to assess their impressions of recurrence risk as well as impressions of risk (lower, same, higher) for other diseases. Actual estimates were obtained from Adjuvant! Online and literature for comparison. Results: Patients overestimated both local and distant recurrence risks: higher rates of distant recurrence than matched Adjuvant! estimates (p=.0001) were reported. Local and distant relapse perceptions were correlated (p<.0001) but were not associated with actual risks. No associations with race, annual income or education attainment were associated with breast cancer recurrence perceptions. Impressions of higher risk for second cancer varied (e.g. ovarian 42.7%, colon 31%, lung 28%); higher annual income and educational attainment were consistently associated with higher risk impressions for second cancers, but not for benign ailments. Chemotherapy recipients perceived higher risks for osteoporosis (p=.011), ovarian cancer (p=.055), and heart failure (p=.060). Hormonal agent recipients felt more at risk for osteoporosis (p<.0001); of those, tamoxifen recipients felt greater risk from endometrial (p=.016) and ovarian cancer (p=.029); anastrazole-treated patients anticipated increased risk for hypertension (p=.0009), hypercholesterolemia (p=.0056), heart failure (p=.028) and arthritis (p=.065) as well as for local (p=.005) and distant (p=.0025) recurrence. Conclusions: All survivors tend to magnify their breast cancer relapse risk—local and distant. Those with higher incomes and education report higher second cancer risk but not non-cancer disorders compared with others. Since perception may impact on compliance with surveillance and lifestyle choices, communicating risk needs careful attention in survivorship programs.
IL-2 consumption by highly activated CD8 T cells induces regulatory T-cell dysfunction in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Stéphanie Humblet-Baron, Dean Franckaert, James Dooley, Simon Bornschein, Bénédicte Cauwe, Susann Schönefeldt, Xavier Bossuyt, Patrick Matthys, Frédéric Baron, Carine Wouters, Adrian Liston
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Gene expression profiling of advanced ovarian cancers to predict the outcome of primary surgical cytoreduction
Authors: D. A. Levine, T. Bonome, A. B. Olshen, F. Bogomolniy, J. Brady, C. Pise-Masison, M. Radonovich, D. S. Chi, M. J. Birrer, J. Boyd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5000 Background: The benefit of optimal surgical cytoreduction for patients with advanced ovarian cancer is well established. Whether an optimal surgical cytoreductive procedure is dependent upon the skill of the operating surgeon or the underlying tumor biology is unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that gene expression profiles of advanced ovarian cancers differ between patients who are able to undergo optimal versus suboptimal surgical cytoreduction. Methods: Fresh frozen tumor tissues were collected at the time of initial surgery from patients with stage IIIB, IIIC, or IV high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Gene expression profiles were generated from total RNA using the Affymetrix U133A oligonucleotide microarray containing over 22,000 probe sets. A supervised class comparison, with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 10%, was performed to determine if there were differentially expressed genes between tumors from 45 optimal and 25 suboptimal patients. A global test was utilized to examine whether there was an overall difference in gene expression between the two groups. The k-nearest-neighbor (KNN) method was used to determine if group membership could be predicted from the array data. Results: The mean age of the entire study group was 62±11 years. The stage of disease was as follows: IIIB, 7%; IIIC, 71%; IV, 21%. With the FDR set at 10%, there were no differentially expressed genes between the optimally and suboptimally cytoreduced patients. The global test did not reject the null hypothesis of no difference between the two groups (p = .09). The predictions from the KNN method were no better than random. Conclusions: The data suggest that gene expression profiles are not able to predict the outcome of surgical cytoreduction. The findings indicate that maximal surgical effort may have a greater role than tumor biology in achieving optimal cytoreduction of advanced ovarian cancer. This conclusion is supported by data from our institution demonstrating that the optimal cytoreduction rate has increased by more than 50% in the past five years during which time the underlying tumor biology has most likely not changed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Phase 2 Trial Of The Fetal Hemoglobin Inducer HQK-1001 (2,2-dimethylbutyrate, Sodium Salt) In Non-Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia
Authors: Adlette Inati, Mario Kahale, Susan P Perrine, Ali T Taher, Suzanne Koussa, Hussein A Abbas, Therese Abi Nasr, Richard G. Ghalie
Journal: Blood (2013)
Phase I dose and schedule finding study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (D) and weekly docetaxel (T)
Authors: O. S. Shaye, A. B. El-Khoueiry, A. Garcia, D. Wei, S. Groshen, S. E. Cole, B. J. Gitlitz, C. T. Chung, H. J. Lenz, S. Iqbal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

12012 Background: The combination of D and T has many potential applications, particularly in breast and ovarian cancers. A phase 3 trial is examining D + T versus T in first-line metastatic breast cancer ( NCT00091442 ). D has better tumor localization and penetration in solid tumors than conventional doxorubicin. In previous studies, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination was identified as D 30 mg/m 2 and T 75 mg/m 2 q4 weeks (wks), with a recommended dose and schedule of D 30 mg/m 2 and T 60 mg/m 2 q3wks without G-CSF. We conducted a phase I study to determine the MTD of D with weekly T. Our hypothesis was that the lower incidence of myelosuppression with weekly T would allow for higher doses of both drugs. Methods: There were 2 schedules. Arm A: D q4wks starting at 25 mg/m 2 with weekly T for 3 wks starting at 30 mg/m 2 . Arm B: D q2wks starting at 15 mg/m 2 with weekly T for 3 wks starting at 30 mg/m 2 . One cycle was 28 days. Standard 3+3 design was used with MTD defined as the highest dose level causing dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in ≥ 2/6 patients (pts). Results: 32 pts were treated; 13 females, 19 males, median age of 60 years. Median number of cycles administered was 2 (1–13) with a median follow-up of 11.5 months. Tumor types included lung (16%), thyroid (9%), esophagus (9%), nasopharynx, breast, colorectal, stomach and kidney (6% each). Arm A (13 pts) was closed after 2/7 evaluable pts at dose level 2 (D 33mg/m 2 ; T 30 mg/m 2 ) experienced DLT in the form of grade 3 stomatitis. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (3/13), stomatitis (3/13) and fatigue (3/13). Arm B accrued 19 pts. The trial was closed at the highest planned dose in Arm B (D 20mg/m 2 q2wks and T 35 mg/m 2 weekly) with only 1/6 evaluable pts experiencing DLT in the form of grade 4 fatigue and weakness. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities in Arm B included neutropenia (5/19 pts), fatigue (5/19 pts) and stomatitis (2/19 pts). There was no grade 3/4 hand-foot syndrome or cardiotoxicity. 2 partial responses were observed in nasopharyngeal and salivary gland carcinomas, with 13 pts achieving stable disease. Conclusions: The combination of D q2 wks and T weekly for 3/4 wks is well tolerated and results in a higher dose intensity of both drugs than in previously evaluated regimens. [Table: see text]
Community-acquired Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia – New insights from the CAPNETZ study
Authors: Christina Forstner, Gernot Rohde, Jan Rupp, Hartwig Schuette, Sebastian R. Ott, Stefan Hagel, Nicole Harrison, Florian Thalhammer, Heike von Baum, Norbert Suttorp, Tobias Welte, Mathias W. Pletz, S. Krüger, D. Frechen, W. Knüppel, I. Armari, D. Stolz, N. Suttorp, H. Schütte, P. Creutz, T. Bauer, J. Hecht, W. Pankow, A. Lies, D. Thiemig, B. Hauptmeier, D. Wehde, M. Suermann, S. Ewig, M. Prediger, G. Zernia, T. Welte, J. Rademacher, G. Barten, M. Abrahamczik, J. Naim, W. Kröner, T. Illig, N. Klopp, C. Kroegel, M. Pletz, R. Bals, K. Dalhoff, S. Schütz, R. Hörster, G. Rohde, W. Petermann, H. Buschmann, R. Kröning, Y. Aydin, T. Schaberg, I. Hering, R. Marre, C. Schumann, H. von Baum, T. Illmann, M. Wallner, O. Burghuber, G. Rainer
Journal: Journal of Infection (2016)
Endothelial fluid shear stress sensing in vascular health and disease
Authors: Nicolas Baeyens, Chirosree Bandyopadhyay, Brian G. Coon, Sanguk Yun, Martin A. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Endothelial cells transduce the frictional force from blood flow (fluid shear stress) into biochemical signals that regulate gene expression and cell behavior via specialized mechanisms and pathways. These pathways shape the vascular system during development and during postnatal and adult life to optimize flow to tissues. The same pathways also contribute to atherosclerosis and vascular malformations. This Review covers recent advances in basic mechanisms of flow signaling and the involvement of these mechanisms in vascular physiology, remodeling, and these diseases. We propose that flow sensing pathways that govern normal morphogenesis can contribute to disease under pathological conditions or can be altered to induce disease. Viewing atherosclerosis and vascular malformations as instances of pathological morphogenesis provides a unifying perspective that may aid in developing new therapies.
Safety of acupuncture
Authors: T. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—In his editorial Vincent pointed out that the two studies on the safety of acupuncture are reassuring.1–3 He also pointed out that considering safety alone is unhelpful and a risk : benefit ratio should be derived. However, harm does not come only from adverse events. Another area of concern with complementary practitioners is the lack of communication with conventional carers, and in particular primary care.

If one core element of primary care is coordination of care then poor communication between complementary practitioners and primary care can only serve the patient poorly. Indeed, harm may occur.4 Without full knowledge of the patient, his or her condition, and drugs taken, inadvisable treatments might be advocated. There therefore needs to be a clear link between complementary practitioners and the patient's primary care provider.

To create a linkage between primary care provider and complementary therapist requires a different approach. In the practice where I work we have forged strong links with a chiropractic doctor (in the past, placing a fundholding contract with one), offered accommodation to an acupuncturist, and held evening meetings with complementary therapists to discuss the merits of their treatments. Two partners in the practice are trained in the basics of complementary therapies (acupuncture and homoeopathy). All this adds up to an open relationship between patient, his or her general practitioner, and his or her complementary therapist.

We have not succeeded in linking with herbalists. This is of some concern, given the possible interactions between herbal remedies and allopathic treatment and the potential problem of herbal toxicity, which may not be recognised for what it is.5

Safety studies of complementary therapy need to look at broader aspects of care and, in particular, communication and organisational problems that might arise.
Safety standards for invasive procedures
Authors: Nick Sevdalis, Sonal Arora
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Beware the implementation gap

NHS England has recently published a set of recommendations designed to make care safer for patients having invasive procedures.1 They depend in part on national and local learning from analyses of near misses, serious incidents, and “never events” and are presented as an overarching framework. NHS organisations are encouraged to work with staff and patients to develop and maintain their own standardised procedures and develop methods to evaluate their compliance with them.

These standards add to our expansive armoury of interventions to improve patient safety. Spanning almost two decades, initial efforts to improve safety concentrated on establishing the epidemiology of errors, lapses, and patient safety incidents, as well as understanding their nature. We now know that, on average, 10% of patients admitted to hospital will experience at least one adverse event as a result of their care.2 Although most adverse events are minor, some …
Remediation of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia
Authors: A S Bellack, K T Mueser, R L Morrison, A Tierney, K Podell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Studies have suggested that schizophrenia is characterized by an impairment in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex that prevents learning of some elementary information processing tasks. To test this hypothesis, the authors administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test to 16 schizophrenic inpatients with standard instructions and either contingent or noncontingent reinforcement. Performance was markedly impaired under each condition. A second cohort (N = 12) was tested after receiving instructions plus rehearsal and feedback. These subjects' performance was comparable to nonpatient norms and was maintained on a subsequent day. The results indicate that deficits in performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test are remediable, whether or not they are due to neurological impairment.