tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MOTION ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE-LIMB SQUAT WITH ISOKINETIC RESISTANCE
Authors: Y Kimura, M Koyanagi, K Koyanagi, K Mukai, N Naruhiko, T Sakai, S Tada, Y Satoda, Y Inoue, A Inoue
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Resistive lateral leg reach exercise (RLLR), a single-limb squat with resistance, increases load on the gluteal muscles and is effective for preventing knee valgus moment, a major factor in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. To enhance the load during RLLR, we devised a novel isokinetic exercise machine. Objective To investigate the biomechanical and electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of the support leg during RLLR with isokinetic resistance (RLLR-I). Design Quasi-experimental. Setting Controlled laboratory setting. Participants 8 asymptomatic recreational-level female college athletes. Intervention Participants performed RLLR-I and lateral leg reach without resistance (LLR). The resistance device was set to 25 cm/s during RLLR-I. A three-dimensional motion capture system and force plate were used for motion analysis. Surface electrodes recorded the EMG at each muscle site: gluteus maximus (GMa), gluteus medius (GMe), rectus femoris, vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris, adductor longus, soleus, and gastrocnemius. Main outcome measurements The external knee valgus/varus moment and the internal joint moment of the support leg were calculated using software. EMG root mean squared amplitude was normalized as a percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC). Results RLLR-I was characterized by a significantly larger internal hip abduction moment (2.2±1.0 Nm/kg) and significantly larger VM (152±54 %MVC), GMa (92±47 %MVC), and GMe (97±33 %MVC) activity compared with LLR (hip abduction moment: 1.5±0.7 Nm/kg; VM: 102±40 %MVC; GMa: 35±25 %MVC; and GMe: 38±13 %MVC). No significant external knee valgus moment occurred during RLLR-I. Conclusion RLLR-I serves to increase the load on the VM and gluteal muscles and is effective for preventing external knee valgus moment. These findings suggest that this novel isokinetic exercise will be useful for preventing ACL injury and in rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.
Clinical Outbreak of Linezolid-Resistant &lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/emph&gt; in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Miguel Sánchez García
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Linezolid resistance is extremely uncommon in Staphylococcus aureus.To report an outbreak with linezolid and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (LRSA) in an intensive care department and the effective control measures taken.Outbreak study of consecutive critically ill patients colonized and/or infected with LRSA at an intensive care department of a 1000-bed tertiary care university teaching hospital in Madrid, Spain. Patients were placed under strict contact isolation. Daily updates of outbreak data and recommendations for the use of linezolid were issued. Extensive environmental sampling and screening of the hands of health care workers were performed.Linezolid use and clinical and epidemiological characteristics and outcomes using minimal inhibitory concentrations, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and polymerase chain reaction of LRSA isolates.Between April 13 and June 26, 2008, 12 patients with LRSA were identified. In 6 patients, LRSA caused ventilator-associated pneumonia and in 3 patients it caused bacteremia. Isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, glycopeptides, tigecycline, and daptomycin. Genotyping identified 1 predominant clone and 3 other types. Cfr-mediated linezolid resistance was demonstrated in all isolates. Potential hospital staff carriers and environmental samples were negative except for one. Six patients died, 5 of them in the intensive care unit, with 1 death attributed to LRSA infection. Linezolid use decreased from 202 defined daily doses in April 2008 to 25 defined daily doses in July 2008. Between July 2008 and April 2010, no new cases have been identified in the weekly surveillance cultures or diagnostic samples.The first clinical outbreak, to our knowledge, with LRSA mediated by the cfr gene developed at our center, was associated with nosocomial transmission and extensive usage of linezolid. Reduction of linezolid use and infection-control measures were associated with the termination of the outbreak.
Therapeutic evaluation of the oral retinoid Ro 10-9359 in several non-psoriatic dermatoses
Authors: PABLO A.VIGLIOGLIA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Forty-five patients suffering from various genodermatoses and erythematous, scaling, non-psoriatic dermatoses were treated orally with the aromatic derivative of retinoic acid, Ro 10-9359 (Tigason). In the genodermatoses the best results were obtained in ichthyosis, keratodermias and Darier's disease (95.6% good to excellent). Among the erythematous scaling diseases, treatment was effective in lichen planus, parapsoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris (53.3% good to excellent results). In comparison with therapies previously employed Ro 10-9359 was more effective. No serious side-effects were noted.
Mapisal Versus Urea Cream as Prophylaxis for Capecitabine-Associated Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Randomized Phase III Trial of the AIO Quality of Life Working Group
Authors: Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Deniz Gencer, Holger Schulz, Michael Stahl, Susanna Hegewisch-Becker, Luisa Mantovani Loeffler, Ursula Kronawitter, Georg Bolz, Jochem Potenberg, Felix Tauchert, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Andreas Schneeweiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a frequently occurring adverse event associated with anticancer drugs. This study compares a newly introduced ointment containing several antioxidants and exhibiting high radical protection factor, which has been available on the German market since 2011, with urea cream for prevention of HFS in patients treated with capecitabine.Patients with GI tumors or breast cancer treated with capecitabine were included in this randomized phase III study. The primary end point was prevention of HFS of any grade within 6 weeks of treatment as indicated by a standardized patient diary. The study had 80% power to show a 20% reduction of the incidence of HFS with the new ointment. Secondary end points included time to development of HFS greater than grade 1, evaluation of capecitabine dose intensity, and quality of life analyses.A total of 152 patients were evaluable. In total, 47 of 152 patients experienced HFS (30.9%), 39.5% with the new ointment and 22.4% in the urea arm (stratified odds ratio, 2.37; P = .02). Time to HFS greater than grade 1 was comparable, but time to any-grade HFS was significantly longer in the urea group (P = .03). Capecitabine dose intensity, time under study, and percentage of days with correct administration of study medication were identical, as were adverse events except for HFS. Skin-related quality of life was significantly worse in the group treated with the new ointment at the end of study treatment.This trial demonstrated that 10% urea cream was superior to the new ointment at preventing HFS over the first 6 weeks of treatment with capecitabine.
Children From Ethnic Minorities Have Benefited Equally as Other Children From Contemporary Therapy for Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report From the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group
Authors: K. Scott Baker, James R. Anderson, Thom E. Lobe, Moody D. Wharam, Stephen J. Qualman, R. Beverly Raney, Frederick B. Ruymann, Richard B. Womer, William H. Meyer, Michael P. Link, William M. Crist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To define the clinical characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) occurring in children from ethnic minorities and determine whether these children have benefited equally from advances in therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of children treated on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group protocols between 1984 and 1997. The clinical features and outcomes of 336 African-American children and 286 children from other ethnic minorities were compared with those of white children (n = 1,721). RESULTS: African-American, other ethnic group, and white children enjoyed similar 5-year failure-free survivals (FFS) of 61%, 61%, and 66%, respectively, P = .15. Compared with white children, nonwhite patients more often had (1) invasive, T2 tumors (P = .03); (2) stage 2 or 3 tumors (P = .003); (3) large tumors (more than 5 cm, P &lt; .006); and/or (4) tumors with positive regional nodes (ie, N1, P = .002). Using Cox proportional hazards analysis, seven patient risk categories were defined with significant differences in outcome. This model was then used to search for other factors associated with FFS after adjusting for these risk categories. Only T stage and age remained associated with FFS (P = .001 and P &lt; .001, respectively). After adjusting for T stage, risk category, and age, we explored the relationship of ethnic group to FFS and found that, compared with whites, the relative risk of failure was 1.14 for African-American patients and 1.2 for other ethnic minority patients, values that are not significantly different. CONCLUSION: Patients from ethnic minority groups more often have larger, invasive tumors with positive lymph nodes. Nevertheless, they have benefited as equally as white children from the dramatic progress in therapy of RMS.
Loss of Cell-Surface Laminin Anchoring Promotes Tumor Growth and Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Armin Akhavan, Obi L. Griffith, Liliana Soroceanu, Dmitri Leonoudakis, Maria Gloria Luciani-Torres, Anneleen Daemen, Joe W. Gray, John L. Muschler
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Perturbations in the composition and assembly of extracellular matrices (ECM) contribute to progression of numerous diseases, including cancers. Anchoring of laminins at the cell surface enables assembly and signaling of many ECMs, but the possible contributions of altered laminin anchoring to cancer progression remain undetermined. In this study, we investigated the prominence and origins of defective laminin anchoring in cancer cells and its association with cancer subtypes and clinical outcomes. We found loss of laminin anchoring to be widespread in cancer cells. Perturbation of laminin anchoring originated from several distinct defects, which all led to dysfunctional glycosylation of the ECM receptor dystroglycan. In aggressive breast and brain cancers, defective laminin anchoring was often due to suppressed expression of the glycosyltransferase LARGE. Reduced expression of LARGE characterized a broad array of human tumors in which it was associated with aggressive cancer subtypes and poor clinical outcomes. Notably, this defect robustly predicted poor survival in patients with brain cancers. Restoring LARGE expression repaired anchoring of exogenous and endogenous laminin and modulated cell proliferation and tumor growth. Together, our findings suggest that defects in laminin anchoring occur commonly in cancer cells, are characteristic of aggressive cancer subtypes, and are important drivers of disease progression. Cancer Res; 72(10); 2578–88. ©2012 AACR.
Intrapleural Tetracycline for the Prevention of Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Richard W. Light
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This prospective, multicenter, randomized, "unblinded," controlled clinical trial was designed to determine if the intrapleural instillation of 1500 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride would be effective in diminishing the ipsilateral rate of recurrence for spontaneous pneumothorax. During the 4-year enrollment period, 113 patients were assigned to the tetracycline group; 116 patients were assigned to the control group. During the 5-year study period, the recurrence rate in the tetracycline group (25%) was significantly less than that in the control group (41%). Use of tetracycline seemed to reduce the recurrence rates for patients with either primary or secondary spontaneous pneumothorax and for patients with either an initial or a recurrent pneumothorax. We conclude that the intrapleural administration of tetracycline in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax significantly reduces the rate of ipsilateral recurrence but is associated with intense chest pain. Intrapleural tetracycline therapy is indicated for patients with a spontaneous pneumothorax who are hospitalized and are treated with tube thoracostomy. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2224-2230)
Idiotype-anti-idiotype regulation. I. Immunization with a levan-binding myeloma protein leads to the appearance of auto-anti-(anti-idiotype) antibodies and to the activation of silent clones.
Authors: C A Bona, E Heber-Katz, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

BALB/c mice immunized multiple times with ABPC48 (A48 or Ab1), a BALB/c bacterial levan (BL)-binding myeloma proteins, produce anti-Ab1 antibodies (Ab2). Immunization with only tow doses of AB1 often leads to the production of anti (antiA48) (Ab3) as does immunization with hemocyanin conjugates of Ab2. Finally, immunization with hemocyanin conjugates of Abf3 leads to the production of anti- (anti-[anti-A48]) (Ab4). Normal BALB/c mice immunized with BL produce an anti BL antibody response containing no detectable Ab1 idiotype (Id)-bearing molecules. Mice producing Ab3 express substantial amounts of Ab1 Id in their anti-BL response whereas mice producing Ab2 and Ab4 show a generalized inhibition in their anti BL response. These results indicate that states of immunity within an idiotypic chain may have marked effect on antibody responses to the antigen (i.e., BL) which is the putative initiator of the chain. Strikingly, the chain itself has an interesting feature. That is, Ab3 and Ab1 share a cross-reactive Id in that both are bound by Ab4 and Ab2. We propose a model of Id-anti-Id systems to explain this unexpected result. This is based on the concept of regulatory idiotopes on Ab1 molecules which initiate Ab2 (anti-idiotope) responses. In contrast, Ab2 molecules generally fail to initiate anti-Ab2 Id responses eigher because any individual idiotope is present at very low concentration or because Ab2 molecules tend to lack regulatory idiotopes. Thus, Ab2 molecules immunize syngeneic animals because they interact with cells bearing Ab1 like regulatory idiotopes. Thus, Ab3 will share regulatory idiotopes with Ab1. Ab4 and Ab2 will share the ability to bind the Ab1-like regulatory idiotope.
FIFA's approach to doping in football
Authors: J Dvorak, T Graf-Baumann, M D’Hooghe, D Kirkendall, H Taennler, M Saugy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Background and objectives: FIFA’s anti-doping strategy relies on education and prevention. A worldwide network of physicians guarantees doping control procedures that are straightforward and leave no place for cheating. FIFA actively acknowledges its responsibility to protect players from harm and ensure equal chances for all competitors by stringent doping control regulations, data collection of positive samples, support of research, and collaboration with other organisations. This article aims to outline FIFA’s approach to doping in football. Method: Description of FIFA’s doping control regulations and procedures, statistical analysis of FIFA database on doping control, and comparison with data obtained by WADA accredited laboratories as for 2004. Results: Data on positive doping samples per substance and confederation/nation documented at the FIFA medical office from 1994 to 2005 are provided. According to the FIFA database, the incidence of positive cases over the past 11 years was 0.12%, with about 0.42% in 2004 (based on the assumption of 20 750 samples per year) and 0.37% in 2005. Especially important in this regard is the extremely low incidence of the true performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids and stimulants. However, there is a need for more consistent data collection and cross checks among international anti-doping agencies as well as for further studies on specific substances, methods, and procedures. With regard to general health impairments in players, FIFA suggests that principles of occupational medicine should be considered and treatment with banned substances for purely medical reasons should be permitted to enable players to carry out their profession. At the same time, a firm stand has to be taken against suppression of symptoms by medication with the aim of meeting the ever increasing demands on football players. Conclusion: Incidence of doping in football seems to be low, but much closer collaboration and further investigation is needed with regard to banned substances, detection methods, and data collection worldwide.
Optical Mapping of the Isolated Coronary-Perfused Human Sinus Node
Authors: Vadim V. Fedorov, Alexey V. Glukhov, Roger Chang, Geran Kostecki, Hyuliya Aferol, William J. Hucker, Joseph P. Wuskell, Leslie M. Loew, Richard B. Schuessler, Nader Moazami, Igor R. Efimov
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Selective functional characteristics of rate-induced fatigue in rabbit atrioventricular node.
Authors: J Billette, R Métayer, M St-Vincent
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The slowly developing rate-induced prolongation in atrioventricular nodal conduction time, termed "fatigue," was selectively studied using specifically designed stimulation protocols in isolated rabbit heart preparations. A nodal recovery curve (A2H2 versus H1A2 intervals; nodal conduction time of each premature beat plotted against corresponding recovery time) was obtained before and after a stable and nearly maximum fatigue had been reached by driving the atrium for 5 minutes at a fast rate close to the upper limit of 1:1 nodal conduction. The fatigue uniformly prolonged all A2H2 intervals (12.3 +/- 1.3 msec) and systematically increased the minimum H1A2 interval at which complete nodal block occurred (24.8 +/- 4.0 msec) (p less than 0.01, n = 6). To study the rate and time dependence of fatigue, nodal conduction times were obtained during three rapid 5-minute pacings corresponding to 50%, 75%, and 100% shortening of the pacing interval in the 1:1 nodal conduction range. The respective maximum fatigue-induced increases in conduction time were 5.4 +/- 1.8, 9.0 +/- 2.7, and 12.5 +/- 2.1 msec (p less than 0.01, n = 6). However, the pacing interval had no significant effect on the time required to reach either 50% (17.1 +/- 3.5 seconds) or 90% (92.6 +/- 15.4 seconds) of the fatigue observed after 5 minutes of fast rate. At the termination of any rapid stimulation, the fatigue effect dissipated with a time course that was inverse but symmetrical to that of its induction. These findings support the existence of an independent, slow, nodal memory process by which the conduction time changes according to past events with a long time constant.
Cladribine, But Not Fludarabine, Added to Daunorubicin and Cytarabine During Induction Prolongs Survival of Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Multicenter, Randomized Phase III Study
Authors: Jerzy Holowiecki, Sebastian Grosicki, Sebastian Giebel, Tadeusz Robak, Slawomira Kyrcz-Krzemien, Kazimierz Kuliczkowski, Aleksander B. Skotnicki, Andrzej Hellmann, Kazimierz Sulek, Anna Dmoszynska, Janusz Kloczko, Wieslaw W. Jedrzejczak, Barbara Zdziarska, Krzysztof Warzocha, Krystyna Zawilska, Mieczysław Komarnicki, Marek Kielbinski, Beata Piatkowska-Jakubas, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Malgorzata Wach, Olga Haus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of a purine analog, cladribine or fludarabine, to the standard induction regimen affects the outcome of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).A cohort of 652 untreated AML patients with median age 47 years (range, 17 to 60 years) were randomly assigned to receive one of three induction regimens: DA (daunorubicin plus cytarabine), DAC (DA plus cladribine), or DAF (DA plus fludarabine). Postremission treatment was the same for all arms.Complete remission rate in the DAC arm was higher compared with the DA arm (67.5% v 56%; P = .01) as a consequence of reduced incidence of resistant disease (21% v 34%; P = .004). There was no significant difference in early outcome between the DAF and DA arms. The probability of overall survival was improved for the DAC arm (45% ± 4% at 3 years) compared with the DA arm (33% ± 4%; P = .02), and leukemia-free survival was comparable. Long-term outcome did not differ significantly for the comparison of the DAF and DA arms. A survival advantage of the DAC arm over the DA arm was observed among patients age 50 years or older (P = .005), those with initial leukocyte count above 50 × 10(9)/L (P = .03), and those with unfavorable karyotype (P = .03). DAF revealed a significant advantage over DA in patients with adverse karyotype (P = .02).The addition of cladribine to the standard induction regimen is associated with increased rate of complete remission and improved survival of adult patients with AML.
Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jennifer B. Green, M. Angelyn Bethel, Paul W. Armstrong, John B. Buse, Samuel S. Engel, Jyotsna Garg, Robert Josse, Keith D. Kaufman, Joerg Koglin, Scott Korn, John M. Lachin, Darren K. McGuire, Michael J. Pencina, Eberhard Standl, Peter P. Stein, Shailaja Suryawanshi, Frans Van de Werf, Eric D. Peterson, Rury R. Holman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 patients to add either sitagliptin or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all patients. To determine whether sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina.During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, there was a small difference in glycated hemoglobin levels (least-squares mean difference for sitagliptin vs. placebo, -0.29 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.32 to -0.27). Overall, the primary outcome occurred in 839 patients in the sitagliptin group (11.4%; 4.06 per 100 person-years) and 851 patients in the placebo group (11.6%; 4.17 per 100 person-years). Sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.09; P<0.001). Rates of hospitalization for heart failure did not differ between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.20; P=0.98). There were no significant between-group differences in rates of acute pancreatitis (P=0.07) or pancreatic cancer (P=0.32).Among patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, adding sitagliptin to usual care did not appear to increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, or other adverse events. (Funded by Merck Sharp & Dohme; TECOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00790205.).