tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong, People's Republic of China, in February, 2003
Authors: NS Zhong, BJ Zheng, YM Li, LLM Poon, ZH Xie, KH Chan, PH Li, SY Tan, Q Chang, JP Xie, XQ Liu, J Xu, DX Li, KY Yuen, JSM Peiris, Y Guan
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
Medical Information on the Internet
Authors: P. Robert Hubbs
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differential Regulation of Endothelial Cell Activation by Complement and Interleukin 1α
Authors: Gregory J. Brunn, Soheyla Saadi, Jeffrey L. Platt
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Activation of complement on endothelium triggers physiological changes that promote coagulation, thrombosis, and inflammation. Unlike agonists such as cytokines and endotoxin that induce these changes through transcription of many genes, complement, particularly the membrane attack complex, primarily induces release of IL-1alpha by the endothelial cells; the cytokine may then be removed by normal blood flow or may promote activation of the full range of endothelial cell responses in an autocrine or paracrine manner. We studied the intracellular signaling pathways used by complement to activate interleukin (IL)-1alpha transcription in cultured endothelial cells. The membrane attack complex and other pore-forming proteins stimulated calcineurin and activated selective transcription of the IL-1alpha gene. In contrast, the action of cytokines such as IL-1alpha was not selective and not dependent on calcineurin activity. Transcription of IL-1alpha, whether stimulated by complement and calcineurin or by "conventional agonists," such as IL-1alpha independent of calcineurin, proceeded via binding of nuclear factor kappaB transcriptional activators to the IL-1alpha gene promoter. These findings define a molecular mechanism through which complement regulates IL-1alpha production by endothelial cells and explain how blood flow may determine the extent of complement-stimulated inflammation.
Identification of BSPRY as a Novel Auxiliary Protein Inhibiting TRPV5 Activity
Authors: Stan F.J. van de Graaf, Annemiete W.C.M. van der Kemp, Dennis van den Berg, Mijke van Oorschot, Joost G.J. Hoenderop, René J.M. Bindels
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Transient receptor potential vallinoid 5 (TRPV5) and TRPV6 are the most Ca2+-selective members of the TRP superfamily and are essential for active Ca2+ (re)absorption in epithelia. However, little is known about intracellular proteins that regulate the activity of these channels. This study identified BSPRY (B-box and SPRY-domain containing protein) as a novel factor involved in the control of TRPV5. The interaction between BSPRY and TRPV5 by GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays was demonstrated. BSPRY showed co-localization with TRPV5 in mouse kidney. Expression of BSPRY resulted in a significant reduction of the Ca2+ influx in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells that stably express TRPV5 without affecting channel cell-surface abundance. Finally, BSPRY expression in kidney was increased in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase knockout mice, suggesting an inverse regulation by vitamin D3. Together, these results demonstrate the physiologic role of the novel protein BSPRY in the regulation of epithelial Ca2+ transport via negative modulation of TRPV5 activity.
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein is required for the function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Michel H. Maillard, Vinicius Cotta-de-Almeida, Fuminao Takeshima, Deanna D. Nguyen, Pierre Michetti, Cathryn Nagler, Atul K. Bhan, Scott B. Snapper
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, a primary human immunodeficiency, results from defective expression of the hematopoietic-specific cytoskeletal regulator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP). Because CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ naturally occurring regulatory T (nTreg) cells control autoimmunity, we asked whether colitis in WASP knockout (WKO) mice is associated with aberrant development/function of nTreg cells. We show that WKO mice have decreased numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ nTreg cells in both the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs. Moreover, we demonstrate that WKO nTreg cells are markedly defective in both their ability to ameliorate the colitis induced by the transfer of CD45RBhi T cells and in functional suppression assays in vitro. Compared with wild-type (WT) nTreg cells, WKO nTreg cells show significantly impaired homing to both mucosal (mesenteric) and peripheral sites upon adoptive transfer into WT recipient mice. Suppression defects may be independent of antigen receptor–mediated actin rearrangement because both WT and WKO nTreg cells remodeled their actin cytoskeleton inefficiently upon T cell receptor stimulation. Preincubation of WKO nTreg cells with exogenous interleukin (IL)-2, combined with antigen receptor–mediated activation, substantially rescues the suppression defects. WKO nTreg cells are also defective in the secretion of the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. Overall, our data reveal a critical role for WASP in nTreg cell function and implicate nTreg cell dysfunction in the autoimmunity associated with WASP deficiency.
Effect of multidimensional lifestyle intervention on fitness and adiposity in predominantly migrant preschool children (Ballabeina): cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: J. J. Puder, P. Marques-Vidal, C. Schindler, L. Zahner, I. Niederer, F. Burgi, V. Ebenegger, A. Nydegger, S. Kriemler
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To test the effect of a multidimensional lifestyle intervention on aerobic fitness and adiposity in predominantly migrant preschool children. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised controlled single blinded trial (Ballabeina study) over one school year; randomisation was performed after stratification for linguistic region. <b>Setting</b> 40 preschool classes in areas with a high migrant population in the German and French speaking regions of Switzerland. <b>Participants</b> 652 of the 727 preschool children had informed consent and were present for baseline measures (mean age 5.1 years (SD 0.7), 72% migrants of multicultural origins). No children withdrew, but 26 moved away. <b>Intervention</b> The multidimensional culturally tailored lifestyle intervention included a physical activity programme, lessons on nutrition, media use (use of television and computers), and sleep and adaptation of the built environment of the preschool class. It lasted from August 2008 to June 2009. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcomes were aerobic fitness (20 m shuttle run test) and body mass index (BMI). Secondary outcomes included motor agility, balance, percentage body fat, waist circumference, physical activity, eating habits, media use, sleep, psychological health, and cognitive abilities. <b>Results</b> Compared with controls, children in the intervention group had an increase in aerobic fitness at the end of the intervention (adjusted mean difference: 0.32 stages (95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.57; P=0.01) but no difference in BMI (−0.07 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, −0.19 to 0.06; P=0.31). Relative to controls, children in the intervention group had beneficial effects in motor agility (−0.54 s, −0.90 to −0.17; P=0.004), percentage body fat (−1.1%, −2.0 to −0.2; P=0.02), and waist circumference (−1.0 cm, −1.6 to −0.4; P=0.001). There were also significant benefits in the intervention group in reported physical activity, media use, and eating habits, but not in the remaining secondary outcomes. <b>Conclusions</b> A multidimensional intervention increased aerobic fitness and reduced body fat but not BMI in predominantly migrant preschool children. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical Trials NCT00674544.
Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Other Head and Neck Neoplasms, and Control Groups&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W Henle, G Henle, H C Ho, P Burtin, Y Cachin, P Clifford, A de Schryver, G de-Thé, V Diehl, G Klein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Sera collected in East Africa, Hong Kong, India, and France from patients with head and neck neoplasms, patients with nonneoplastic disease, and donors in apparently good health were titrated for antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The results were correlated with the clinical and histological diagnoses which, as a rule, became available only after performance of the tests. Of 235 East African and Chinese patients who were classified as cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 84% had high anti-EBV liters (≧ 1:160) and the geometric mean level was 1:348. The histopathology, whether described as anaplastic carcinoma or not, poorly or moderately well-differentiated, squamous or epidermoid carcinoma, seemed irrelevant. When the NPC patients from Hong Kong were grouped according to the stage of their disease, the incidence of high anti-EBV titers increased successively from 45% in stage I to ultimately 100% in stage V. The geometric mean titers rose correspondingly from 1:103 in the initial to 1:788 in the final stages. In contrast, patients with neoplasms (mainly carcinomas) arising in sites of the head and neck other than the nasopharnyx revealed a sixfold lower incidence of high titers (13%) and a nearly tenfold lower geometric mean level (1:36). Assortment of these patients as to the sites and types of their neoplasms revealed no significant differences in the distribution of anti-EBV levels among the groups so obtained. The incidence of high tilers and the geometric mean level among controls resembled those in patients with neoplasms other than NPC. The significance and implications of these findings are discussed.
Effectiveness of educational interventions in improving detection and management of dementia in primary care: cluster randomised controlled study
Authors: Murna Downs, Stephen Turner, Michelle Bryans, Jane Wilcock, John Keady, Enid Levin, Ronan O'Carroll, Kate Howie, Steve Iliffe
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To test the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving detection rates and management of dementia in primary care. <b>Design</b> Unblinded, cluster randomised, before and after controlled study. <b>Setting</b> General practices in the United Kingdom (central Scotland and London) between 1999 and 2002. <b>Interventions</b> Three educational interventions: an electronic tutorial carried on a CD Rom; decision support software built into the electronic medical record; and practice based workshops. <b>Participants</b> 36 practices participated in the study. Eight practices were randomly assigned to the electronic tutorial; eight to decision support software; 10 to practice based workshops; and 10 to control. Electronic and manual searches yielded 450 valid and usable medical records. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Rates of detection of dementia and the extent to which medical records showed evidence of improved concordance with guidelines regarding diagnosis and management. <b>Results</b> Decision support software (P = 0.01) and practice based workshops (P = 0.01) both significantly improved rates of detection compared with control. There were no significant differences by intervention in the measures of concordance with guidelines. <b>Conclusions</b> Decision support systems and practice based workshops are effective educational approaches in improving detection rates in dementia.
Resting energy expenditure in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Authors: J Congleton, MF Muers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

A proportion of patients with chronic airflow limitation appear to have a raised resting energy expenditure (REE). This has been suggested as the reason for weight loss which may occur in these patients. A previous study found an increased REE in patients with interstitial lung disease of mixed aetiology. We were interested in studying REE in a more homogeneous group, with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA). Twenty patients with CFA were studied. They were compared with 18 controls matched for age, sex, weight and height. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. Fat-free mass (FFM), was estimated by anthropometry. Patients had respiratory function tests performed, disability related to breathlessness was assessed by the activity section of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Mean REE in the CFA group was not different from the control group: 5.20 (0.56) versus 5.12 (0.51) kj x h(-1) x kgFFM(-1). REE was elevated to greater than 110% of the value predicted by the Harris-Benedict equation in one CFA patient and in no control subjects. There was no correlation of REE with weight, pulmonary function tests, arterial oxygen saturation or activity score. The prevalence of a raised resting energy expenditure in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis patients with low transfer factor and relatively preserved vital capacity is low, and is less than that reported previously in a group of patients with interstitial lung disease of mixed aetiology.
Aging in man. Linear increase of a novel T cell subset defined by antiganglioside monoclonal antibody 3G5.
Authors: S L Rabinowe, R C Nayak, K Krisch, K L George, G S Eisenbarth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

A new human T cell subset defined by antineuronal ganglioside mAb 3G5 increases linearly with advancing age in man. The percentage of circulating 3G5+ T cells in 21 normal individuals, quantitated by cytofluorograph analysis, increases linearly from age 7 (23-30%) to age 84 (58%) (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001). The antigen on T cells has the biochemical properties of a ganglioside that migrates between GM1 and GM2 ganglioside markers on TLC. The 3G5 subset represents the first T cell subset that reflects aging in man.
Public health advice won't be as respected if it comes from health department rather than arm's length bodies, experts warn
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The independence of evidence that informs policy on public health and the pool of expertise in this field are potentially at risk from the government’s plans to reform the NHS, MPs have heard.

Several witnesses appearing before the parliamentary health select committee on 7 June raised concerns about the government’s plan to create Public Health England—the new body that will lead on public health within the Department of Health—as part of its reform of the NHS.

The MPs, who are carrying out an inquiry into the future of public health in England, asked witnesses from four non-departmental public bodies—the Health Protection Agency, the National Treatment Agency …
Arsenite Oxidase, an Ancient Bioenergetic Enzyme
Authors: E. Lebrun
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Operons coding for the enzyme arsenite oxidase have been detected in the genomes from Archaea and Bacteria by Blast searches using the amino acid sequences of the respective enzyme characterized in two different β-proteobacteria as templates. Sequence analyses show that in all these species, arsenite oxidase is transported over the cytoplasmic membrane via the tat system and most probably remains membrane attached by an N-terminal transmembrane helix of the Rieske subunit. The biochemical and biophysical data obtained for arsenite oxidase in the green filamentous bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus allow a structural model of the enzyme's membrane association to be proposed. Phylogenies for the two constituent subunits (i.e., the molybdopterin-containing and the Rieske subunit) of the heterodimeric enzyme and their respective homologs in DMSO-reductase, formate dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, and the Rieske/cytb complexes were calculated from multiple sequence alignments. The obtained phylogenetic trees indicate an early origin of arsenite oxidase before the divergence of Archaea and Bacteria. Evolutionary implications of these phylogenies are discussed.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of the skin: A noninvasive means of assessing body cystine accumulation in infantile cystinosis
Authors: Christine Chiavérini, Hee-Young Kang, Laura Sillard, Etienne Berard, Patrick Niaudet, Geneviève Guest, Mathilde Cailliez, Philippe Bahadoran, Jean Philippe Lacour, Robert Ballotti, Jean Paul Ortonne
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Abstract B45: Upfront genomic testing in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: Preliminary result of the MSN study
Authors: David Planchard, Ludovic Lacroix, Thierry Le Chevalier, Jean-Charles Soria, Benjamin Besse, Aljosa Celebic, Maud Ngocamus, Nathalie Auger, Beranger Lueza, Patrick Saulnier, Arslane Rahal, Khadja Kalai, Peter Dorfmuller
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Recent advances in lung cancer have identified potential driver mutations that may be targeted. To identify new predictors of response as well as novel targets for therapy, we have initiated a comprehensive large-scale sequencing analysis of genes potentially mutated in NSCLC. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted prospectively from untreated advanced NSCLCs. All tumors were obtained on IRB-approved protocols and after patients' consent (MSN trial “Melanoma – Small-cell lung cancer – Non-small cell lung cancer”). Pathology specimens were macrodissected in order to obtain more than 30% of tumor cells and, after DNA extraction, 96 selected exons from 30 genes were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. ALK rearrangements were detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. All results were discussed monthly in a molecular thoracic multidisciplinary staff. Second or third lines of treatment were adapted to mutation profiling. Results: Thus far (between 09/01/2010 and 06/01/2011), 82 tumors have been analyzed for AKT, ALK, APC, BRAF, CTNNB1, EGFR, ERBB2, FBXW7, FGFR2-3, GNAQ, GNAS, HRAS, KIT, KRAS, MAP2K1-2, MET, NOTCH1, NRAS, PDGFRA, PI3KCA, PTEN, RET, STK11, TP53, and VHL mutations. The median age was 60 years (range 26–76), 29 (35%) were female, 58 (70%) had adenocarcinoma, 72 (67%) were former/current smokers. Nine patients had incomplete genomic analysis due mostly to insufficient tumor cells in the specimen or poor quality DNA. Median tumor cells ratio was 50%. Mutations were identified in 43/82 (52%) patients (EGFR: 9; KRAS: 10; STK 11: 8; BRAF: 4; MET: 2; PTEN: 2; NRAS: 1; ERBB2: 1; PIK3CA: 1…) of whom 11 had concurrent mutations. EGFR and KRAS mutations were mutually exclusive. No mutations were identified among 5 never smokers analyzed. The median time to complete testing for this initial phase was 30 days. Half of patients with genomic alterations were treated with molecularly targeted therapy based on their genetic alteration. Conclusions: Mutational profiling of NSCLC is feasible, can distinguish relevant molecular subsets of lung cancer, and may present an impact on treatment at our cancer institute. Furthers sequencing are in progress and updated results will be presented in January 2012.
Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group on Research in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Roberta G. Williams, Gail D. Pearson, Robyn J. Barst, John S. Child, Pedro del Nido, Welton M. Gersony, Karen S. Kuehl, Michael J. Landzberg, Merle Myerson, Steven R. Neish, David J. Sahn, Amy Verstappen, Carole A. Warnes, Catherine L. Webb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Dividing with IL-7
Authors: Heather L. Van Epps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

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PKCθ is required to stabilize p27kip1 in T cells deprived of IL-7.The cytokine interleukin (IL)-7 is well known to promote T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation of T cells, with the signals required for the latter being less well understood. A study by Li et al
Role of persistent infection in the control and severity of asthma: focus on Chlamydia pneumoniae
Authors: L.C. von Hertzen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Conventional risk factors have been unable to explain most of the substantial increase in the prevalence of asthma observed in many countries during the last few decades. Much attention has been directed at the “hygiene hypothesis”, the apparent inverse relationship between intense systemic childhood infections and the subsequent development of asthma and atopy. However, it is not only the absence or scarcity of infections, but the prolonged presence of certain microorganisms in the lungs that may be involved in the development of asthma. Accumulating evidence suggests that Chlamydia pneumoniae , an intracellular ubiquitous pathogen with an innate propensity to persist and cause chronic infections, may be associated with asthma. This microorganism can achieve a state of “latency” in which it is viable but dormant and does not multiply. During this state, however, chlamydia continues to synthesize the “stress” protein, a 60‐kDa heat shock protein (hsp60). This protein is able to elicit a strong host inflammatory response at sites of its production and appears to be involved in tissue injury and scarring processes. As inflammation has been found to be present in almost all asthmatics, whatever the severity and aetiology of the disease, inhaled glucocorticoids now have an established position in the treatment of early stages. However, corticosteroids negatively affect many aspects of cell-mediated immunity and favour the shift from a T‐helper‐1‐type response towards a T‐helper‐2‐type response. Corticosteroids may thus severely deteriorate the host's ability to eradicate an intracellular pathogen, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae , which requires a properly functioning cell-mediated (T‐helper‐1‐type) immune response to be cleared. These drugs are also able to reactivate persistent Chlamydia to an active growth phase, which, by increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the site of infection, can further amplify inflammation in the airways of patients with asthma.
O65 HIGH RATE OF SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH HCV GENOTYPE-1A INFECTION: A PHASE 2 TRIAL OF FALDAPREVIR, DELEOBUVIR AND PPI-668, WITH AND WITHOUT RIBAVIRIN
Authors: J. Lalezari, L. Holland, E. Glutzer, P. Vig, M. Elgadi, J.O. Stern, R. Colonno, S. Halfon, E. Ruby, N. Huang, E. Nash, N. Brown
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)