tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Muscle energy metabolism and nutritional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A 31P magnetic resonance study.
Authors: T Kutsuzawa, S Shioya, D Kurita, M Haida, Y Ohta, H Yamabayashi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We investigated the relationship between nutritional status and muscle energy metabolism during exercise in 18 male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 15 male control subjects using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). The patients and control subjects were further categorized as in either a well-nourished (% ideal body weight, % IBW > or = 90) or malnourished (% IBW < 90) state. Muscle energy metabolism was evaluated by determining the ratios PCr/(PCr + Pi) (PCr, phosphocreatine; Pi, inorganic phosphate), and ATP/(PCr + Pi + ATP). The exercise consisted of repetitive hand grips performed against a load. The work rate was normalized for the individual's lean muscle mass by dividing work performed by the forearm fat-free cross-sectional area, which was calculated using 1H-MRS. The PCr/(PCr + Pi) values during exercise did not correlate with the % IBW in any of the groups of control subjects or COPD patients. Furthermore, the PCr/(PCr + Pi) did not correlate with the normalized work rate in either the well-nourished or malnourished subject groups. However, there were correlations within the groups of control subjects and COPD patients. The PCr/(PCr + Pi) values for the normalized work rate were consistently lower in the COPD patients than in the control subjects. These findings suggest that the altered muscle metabolism in COPD patients is not affected by their nutritional status.
YKL-40 in asthmatic patients, and its correlations with exacerbation, eosinophils and immunoglobulin E
Authors: H. Tang, Z. Fang, Y. Sun, B. Li, Z. Shi, J. Chen, T. Zhang, Q. Xiu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

The chitinase-like protein YKL-40, which binds chitin but lacks chitinase activity, has been found to be either the cause or a biomarker for asthma. The aim of our study was to investigate whether serum YKL-40 levels are increased in Chinese patients with asthma and identify its correlation to acute exacerbation, total serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E, the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils and lung function. We quantified serum YKL-40 levels, total IgE levels and peripheral blood eosinophil percentages in patients with asthma, as well as in controls from the communities surrounding our hospital. The lung function of asthma subjects was also measured. Our data showed that the serum YKL-40 levels were significantly elevated in patients with asthma compared with controls and, when the asthma subjects were stratified, serum YKL-40 levels in the exacerbation group were higher than those in the stable and control groups. In addition, serum YKL-40 levels correlated positively with total serum IgE levels and the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils, but correlated inversely with lung functions. Thus, we conclude that YKL-40 is found in increased quantities in the serum of Chinese patients with asthma, and its level correlates with exacerbation attacks, indicating that high levels of serum YKL-40 may be a biological characteristic of the exacerbation of asthma.
RESULTS OF MENTAL HOSPITAL TREATMENT OF TROUBLED YOUTH
Authors: DONALD M. HAMILTON, ROBERT A. McKINLEY, HARRY H. MOORHEAD, JAMES H. WALL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

The life histories of 100 young males between the ages of 14 and 19, admitted to The New York Hospital, Westchester Division from 1946 to 1956, were reviewed, with the following findings: 1. The stress of adolescence was an important precipitating factor on a background of inadequate personality adjustment dating back many years. 2. Acting out behavior included stealing, aggressive rebellion against authority, and assaultiveness particularly towards mothers. This behavior was common in both the schizophrenic and psychopathic groups which made up nine-tenths of the patients. 3. Treatment emphasized the importance of dynamic psychotherapy, as well as a well-rounded program directed towards group participation and socialization. 4. Important in treating was to provide experiences to enhance the development of strong male identification. 5. Successful outcome of treatment was related to the teachability of the parents. 6. The results of treatment were given. Two-thirds of the patients were benefited and at home.
CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY WITH A 3-D HIGHLY STANDARDIZED METHOD CAN ACCURATELY QUANTIFY PLAQUE GEOMETRY AND COMPOSITIONAL PARAMETERS USING INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND WITH RADIOFREQUENCY ANALYSIS AS REFERENCE STANDARD
Authors: Sarah Rinehart, Gustavo Vazquez, Zhen Qian, Idean Marvasty, Anna Kalynych, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Charles Brown, Szilard Voros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Standardized color-coded scales for anterior and posterior elevation maps of scanning slit corneal topography
Authors: Tatsuro Tanabe, Tetsuro Oshika, Atsuo Tomidokoro, Shiro Amano, Sumiyoshi Tanaka, Teruhito Kuroda, Naoyuki Maeda, Tadatoshi Tokunaga, Kazunori Miyata
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)
Quantitative proteomics study reveals cross-talk between autophagy and inflammation induced by cigarette smoke in airway
Authors: Yang Ting, Liu Xinyu, Shen Yongchun, Wen Fuqiang, Ying Binwu, Wang Tao, Xu Dan, Chen Lei
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Cigarette smoke (CS) is an important risk factor for the development of airway inflammation. Autophagy can be induced by CS, while the role of autophagy in airway inflammation induced by CS was still unclear. We sought to determine the the role of autophagy in airway inflammation induced by CS using systems-level analysis by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics.   Methods:  SILAC-labeled human lung mucoepidermoid cells (NCI-H292) was exposed to cigarette smoke extract for 24h, and then was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins. In order to validate the results in vivo, rats were exposed to CS for 4 weeks. Besides the analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histological changes, immunohistochemistry and western blot validate the selected proteins. Autophagy was observed by electron microscope (EM).   Results:  Three proteins associated with autophagy were significantly up-regulated after CS exposure in NCI-H292 cell (p   Conclusions:  Autophagy may play a role in airway inflammation induced by CS.
The MHC class I–like Fc receptor promotes humorally mediated autoimmune disease
Authors: Shreeram Akilesh, Stefka Petkova, Thomas J. Sproule, Daniel J. Shaffer, Gregory J. Christianson, Derry Roopenian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The MHC class I family–like Fc receptor, FcRn, is normally responsible for extending the life span of serum IgG Ab's, but whether this molecule contributes to autoimmune pathogenesis remains speculative. To determine directly whether this function contributes to humoral autoimmune disease, we examined whether a deficiency in the FcRn heavy chain influences autoimmune arthritis in the K/BxN mouse model. FcRn deficiency conferred either partial or complete protection in the arthritogenic serum transfer and the more aggressive genetically determined K/BxN autoimmune arthritis models. The protective effects of an FcRn deficiency could be overridden with excessive amounts of pathogenic IgG Ab's. The therapeutic saturation of FcRn by high-dose intravenous IgG (IVIg) also ameliorated arthritis, directly implicating FcRn blockade as a significant mechanism of IVIg's anti-inflammatory action. The results suggest that FcRn is a potential therapeutic target that links the initiation and effector phases of humoral autoimmune disease.
Mechanisms of closure of cardiac sodium channels in rabbit ventricular myocytes: single-channel analysis.
Authors: A O Grant, C F Starmer
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

We have examined the kinetics of closure of sodium channels using single-channel recordings in cell-attached and excised membrane patches of rabbit ventricular myocytes. Sodium-channel closure was dependent on membrane potential. The closing rate initially decreased with depolarization. The rate then passed through a minimum and increased at strongly depolarized potentials. We attempted to determine the separate voltage dependence of the deactivation and inactivation rate constants using the method of Aldrich, Corey, and Stevens. In a majority of experiments, the method did not give internally consistent results. As an alternative approach, batrachotoxin was used to remove inactivation and determine the voltage dependence of deactivation rate. The deactivation rate decreased with depolarization. To account for the increase in the closing rate at strongly depolarized test potentials, one must postulate voltage dependence of inactivation. The ensemble average current relaxed with a time course that was usually best described by the sum of two exponentials. The larger of the two rate constants that described the relaxation was strongly voltage-dependent, increasing with depolarization. The larger rate constant may reflect voltage-dependent inactivation. We found evidence of two possible mechanisms for the slow component of relaxation: 1) cardiac sodium channels may open repetitively during a given depolarizing epoch, and 2) channels may return from the inactivated state with low probability and burst for as much as 200 msec with open times that are longer than those during usual gating. The slow component appears to be more prominent in cardiac muscle than in nerve and may play an important role in the control of the action potential duration and the inotropic state of the heart.
The Cyclin D1 (CCND1) A870G polymorphism predicts clinical outcome to lapatinib and capecitabine in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: M.J. LaBonte, P.M. Wilson, D. Yang, W. Zhang, R.D. Ladner, Y. Ning, A. Gerger, P.O. Bohanes, L. Benhaim, R. El-khoueiry, A. El-khoueiry, H.-J. Lenz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Blood borne infections in sport: risks of transmission, methods of prevention, and recommendations for hepatitis B vaccination * Commentary
Authors: R Kordi, W A Wallace
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Athletes are at risk of blood borne infections through bleeding injuries or injection of drugs with contaminated syringes. Prevention should focus on reducing non-sport associated risky behaviour, as well as dealing appropriately with bleeding injuries. The risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus is particularly high in athletes in contact and collision sports, those who live in or travel to endemic regions, injecting drug abusers, and those who practice first aid when there is no healthcare practitioner available. It is recommended that such athletes, and also adolescent athletes, should be vaccinated against the virus as a routine.
Hearing and Middle Ear Function in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Jay R. Shapiro, Anita Pikus, George Weiss, David W. Rowe
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Fifty-five patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) were studied to determine the extent to which the peripheral auditory mechanisms share in the connective tissue lesion. Ninety-two unaffected relatives and 43 control subjects were also studied. Subjects were divided into age groups younger than and older than 30 years. Hearing loss, most frequently sensorineural, occurred in 49% (younger than 30 years) and 94% (older than 30 years) of patients with OI. A sensorineural pattern of hearing loss, here considered characteristic of OI, was observed in 47% of OI subjects irrespective of age, in 42% of relatives, and 5% of controls. Middle ear analysis by tympanometry and acoustic reflex analysis indicates that, although some patients with OI have a still middle ear system similar to that seen in otosclerosis, the majority display absent acoustic reflexes and increased compliance of the middle ear with notched tympanograms suggestive of anomalous ossicular articulation. Similar findings in otherwise uninvolved relatives suggest a genetic basis for these defects.
Impact of Prior Cancer on Eligibility for Lung Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: David E. Gerber, Andrew L. Laccetti, Lei Xuan, Ethan A. Halm, Sandi L. Pruitt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

In oncology clinical trials, the assumption that a prior cancer diagnosis could interfere with study conduct or outcomes results in frequent exclusion of such patients. We determined the prevalence and characteristics of this practice in lung cancer clinical trials and estimated impact on trial accrual. We reviewed lung cancer clinical trials sponsored or endorsed by the Eastern Oncology Cooperative Group for exclusion criteria related to a prior cancer diagnosis. We estimated prevalence of prior primary cancer diagnoses among lung cancer patients using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked data. We assessed the association between trial characteristics and prior cancer exclusion using chi-square analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Fifty-one clinical trials (target enrollment 13072 patients) were included. Forty-one (80%) excluded patients with a prior cancer diagnosis as follows: any prior (14%), within five years (43%), within two or three years (7%), or active cancer (16%). In SEER-Medicare data (n = 210509), 56% of prior cancers were diagnosed within five years before the lung cancer diagnosis. Across trials, the estimated number and proportion of patients excluded because of prior cancer ranged from 0–207 and 0%-18%. Prior cancer was excluded in 94% of trials with survival primary endpoints and 73% of trials with nonsurvival primary endpoints (P = .06). A substantial proportion of patients are reflexively excluded from lung cancer clinical trials because of prior cancer. This inclusion criterion is applied widely across studies, including more than two-thirds of trials with nonsurvival endpoints. More research is needed to understand the basis and ramifications of this exclusion policy.
Extending Prednisolone Treatment Does Not Reduce Relapses in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Nynke Teeninga, Joana E. Kist-van Holthe, Nienske van Rijswijk, Nienke I. de Mos, Wim C.J. Hop, Jack F.M. Wetzels, Albert J. van der Heijden, Jeroen Nauta
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Prolonged prednisolone treatment for the initial episode of childhood nephrotic syndrome may reduce relapse rate, but whether this results from the increased duration of treatment or a higher cumulative dose remains unclear. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 69 hospitals in The Netherlands. We randomly assigned 150 children (9 months to 17 years) presenting with nephrotic syndrome to either 3 months of prednisolone followed by 3 months of placebo (n=74) or 6 months of prednisolone (n=76), and median follow-up was 47 months. Both groups received equal cumulative doses of prednisolone (approximately 3360 mg/m(2)). Among the 126 children who started trial medication, relapses occurred in 48 (77%) of 62 patients who received 3 months of prednisolone and 51 (80%) of 64 patients who received 6 months of prednisolone. Frequent relapses, according to international criteria, occurred with similar frequency between groups as well (45% versus 50%). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to the eventual initiation of prednisolone maintenance and/or other immunosuppressive therapy (50% versus 59%), steroid dependence, or adverse effects. In conclusion, in this trial, extending initial prednisolone treatment from 3 to 6 months without increasing cumulative dose did not benefit clinical outcome in children with nephrotic syndrome. Previous findings indicating that prolonged treatment regimens reduce relapses most likely resulted from increased cumulative dose rather than the treatment duration.
NR4A1-mediated apoptosis suppresses lymphomagenesis and is associated with a favorable cancer-specific survival in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Alexander J. A. Deutsch, Beate Rinner, Kerstin Wenzl, Martin Pichler, Katharina Troppan, Elisabeth Steinbauer, Daniela Schwarzenbacher, Sonja Reitter, Julia Feichtinger, Sascha Tierling, Andreas Prokesch, Marcel Scheideler, Anne Krogsdam, Gerhard G. Thallinger, Helmut Schaider, Christine Beham-Schmid, Peter Neumeister
Journal: Blood (2014)
Gastrin cell function in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type I.
Authors: C B Lamers, J I Rotter, J B Jansen
Journal: Gut (1988)

Recent studies have suggested that patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I) may have abnormal serum gastrin secretion in the absence of gastrin producing tumours. G-(gastrin) cell function by three provocation tests in 20 patients with hyperparathyroidism from six MEN I-families were studied: each patient was an obligate carrier of the MEN I-gene. The serum gastrin response to secretin was used to identify the presence of gastrinoma, that to a test meal of G-cell hyperfunction of the antral and/or duodenal mucosa, and that to bombesin to differentiate antral from duodenal G-cell hyperfunction. Seven patients had basal hypergastrinaemia and hyperchlorhydria. These patients had increased serum gastrin responses to secretin (p less than 0.01) and to bombesin (p less than 0.02), but normal postprandial responses. In the 13 normogastrinaemic patients the responses to the three stimuli were normal. In families with MEN-I gastrinoma is the only endocrine disorder accounting for abnormal gastrin secretion. G-cell function is normal in obligate carriers of the MEN I-gene.
Evidence for a Gender-Related Effect of Alcoholism on Brain Volumes
Authors: Daniel W. Hommer, Reza Momenan, Erica Kaiser, Robert R. Rawlings
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

The goal of this study was to compare brain volumes of alcoholic and nonalcoholic men and women and determine if the magnitudes of differences in brain volumes between alcoholic women and nonalcoholic women are greater than the magnitudes of the differences between alcoholic men and nonalcoholic men.The study group included 118 subjects: 79 inpatients 30-60 years of age who were alcohol dependent but had no clinically apparent cognitive impairment or medical illness (43 men and 36 women) and 39 healthy comparison subjects of similar age who were not alcoholic (20 men and 19 women). The volume of intracranial contents was segmented into gray matter, white matter, sulcal CSF, and ventricular CSF from a T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance image obtained after the alcoholic subjects had attained 3 weeks of sobriety.Alcoholic women had significantly smaller volumes of gray and white matter as well as greater volumes of sulcal and ventricular CSF than nonalcoholic women. The differences in gray and white matter volumes between alcoholic and nonalcoholic men were significant, but the significance of these differences was of a smaller magnitude than the significance of the differences between alcoholic and nonalcoholic women. Direct comparisons of alcoholic men and women showed that the proportion of intracranial contents occupied by gray matter was smaller in alcoholic women than in alcoholic men. The magnitudes of differences in brain volumes adjusted for intracranial size between alcoholic women and nonalcoholic women were greater than the magnitudes of the adjusted differences between alcoholic men and nonalcoholic men.These results are consistent with greater sensitivity to alcohol neurotoxicity among women.
Use of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation as initial therapy in multiple myeloma and the impact of socio‐geo‐demographic factors in the era of novel agents
Authors: Mohammed Al‐Hamadani, Shahrukh K. Hashmi, Ronald S. Go
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Very effective combination chemotherapy using novel agents has become available in multiple myeloma (MM). Its impact on the use of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHCT) as part of initial therapy is unknown. Using the National Cancer Data Base, we studied the rate of upfront AHCT use among 137,409 newly diagnosed MM patients from 1998 to 2010 in the United States and determined whether disparity exists among various sociodemographic as well as geographic subgroups. Overall, 12,378 (9.0%) patients received AHCT as part of initial treatment. The use of upfront AHCT increased steadily from 5.2% in 1998 to 12.1% in 2010 (trend test, P < 0.001), with no sign of plateau. This was seen across all socio-geo-demographic subgroups except among patients treated in the Northeast where the rate fell from 8.7% in 1998 to 6.6% in 2010. In multivariable analysis, patients with the following characteristics were the least likely to receive AHCT (odds ratio): year of diagnosis from 1998 to 2003 before the era of novel agents (0.67), older age (0.35), Black race (0.58), Hispanic ethnicity (0.78), low level of education or annual household income (0.55), residence in a metro area (0.66), no or unknown medical insurance (0.30), treatment at a community cancer center (0.16), and treatment facility located in the Northeast region (0.54). Even after the introduction of novel agents, the rate of upfront AHCT in MM continues to increase annually. Significant disparities exist dependent on demographic, social, and geographic factors.
Expanding Clinical Trial Networks in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Stephen P. Hunger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the major successes in cancer medicine.Fifty years ago, this disease was incurable.Today, a child diagnosed with ALL in highincome countries in North America, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand or Japan has a better than 90% chance of surviving 5 years, with expected cure rates above 85%. 1-3However, most children who develop ALL do not live in one of these countries, all of which have highly developed health care systems; they live in countries with fewer resources.A major challenge is thus to improve cure rates for children with ALL throughout the world.Although difficult, this challenge is feasible because the gains in childhood ALL survival in high-income countries have occurred mostly through optimizing use of an existing panel of drugs.Except for the pegylated asparaginase products now used in treatment regimens of the major North American and European cooperative groups, these drugs are readily available worldwide and not particularly expensive. 4In addition, effective ALL treatment can be provided with relatively simple diagnostic tests and does not involve surgery.Because of this, many but certainly not all countries have access to the tools necessary to deliver highly effective ALL therapy.However, ALL chemotherapy regimens are complex, require meticulous supportive care to minimize the risk of treatment-related mortality, and typically last 2 to 3 years.Thus, highly trained medical specialists and a dedicated team of nurses and other health care professionals are needed to implement effective ALL treatment programs.6][7][8][9] In the article that accompanies this editorial, Stary et al 10 describe results of more than 5,000 children with ALL enrolled onto the International BFM Intercontinental trial (ALL IC-BFM) between 2002 and 2007.Fifteen countries participated in the ALL IC-BFM 2002 trial, contributing from 36 to 1,270 patients, each.Using World Bank definitions almost all of the 15 are classified as high-income countries, on the basis of gross national income (GNI) per capita of more than $12,616 US, although several countries (Cuba, Serbia, Ukraine) are classified as upper middle-income countries (GNI per capita $4,086-$12,615).However, the GNI per capita for most of these countries is less than $20,000 as compared with $35,000 to $50,000 (or more) for the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and most countries in Western Eu-