tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunopathogenesis of human gastrointestinal infection by Anisakis simplex
Authors: Victoria del Pozo, Ignacio Arrieta, Teresa Tuñon, Isabel Cortegano, Belen Gomez, Blanca Cárdaba, Soledad Gallardo, Marta Rojo, Guadalupe Renedo, Pilar Palomino, Ana I. Tabar, Carlos Lahoz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Risk Factors and Therapy for Isolated Central Nervous System Relapse of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Donna L. Johnston, Todd A. Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, Beverly J. Lange, William G. Woods
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

CNS relapse of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an infrequent occurrence. This review examines the risk factors and therapy used for patients with an isolated CNS relapse.Records of 886 patients with de novo AML were reviewed, and patients who entered remission at the end of one course of therapy and developed an isolated CNS relapse as their first event were analyzed (n = 690).Thirty-three patients developed an isolated CNS relapse. Factors at diagnosis significantly associated with an isolated CNS relapse, compared with no CNS relapse, included age 0 to 2 years (70% v 27%, respectively; P < .001), enlarged liver (79% v 39%, respectively; P < .001) or spleen (79% v 39%, respectively; P < .001) at diagnosis, CNS disease at diagnosis (33% v 9%, respectively; P < .001), median WBC count (79.2 v 19.3 x 10(3) microL, respectively; P < .001), French-American-British M5 morphology (45% v 15%, respectively; P < .001), and chromosome 11 abnormalities (44% v 18%, respectively; P = .022). Treatment of the isolated CNS relapse varied from local therapy with intrathecal chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy to systemic therapy with chemotherapy with or without bone marrow transplantation. Survival rate in the patients treated with local therapy was only 31.5% compared with 21.4% in patients treated with systemic therapy. The 8-year overall survival for patients after an isolated CNS relapse was similar to patients after a bone marrow relapse (26% +/- 16% v 21% +/- 5%, respectively).Significant predictors for isolated CNS relapse were identified. This study demonstrated that there may be no benefit to systemic therapy versus CNS-directed therapy in outcome. The data support CNS-directed therapy to treat isolated CNS relapse.
Acid pocket, hiatus hernia and acid reflux
Authors: K. E L McColl, A. Clarke, J. Seenan
Journal: Gut (2010)

Acid reflux and its associated symptoms occur most frequently following the ingestion of a meal. This observation presented a dilemma as intragastric pH is at its least acidic following eating due to the buffering effect of the food. However, the observation by Fletcher et al that the proximal cardia region of the stomach escapes the buffering effect of the meal provided a rational explanation for the acidic nature of the postprandial refluxate.1 The zone of high acidity detected in the proximal stomach after a meal has been termed the acid pocket.

The presence of the acid pocket has been confirmed by a substantial number of investigators and by a variety of different investigative techniques. The latter have included pH pull-through,2–4 multiple static pH electrodes3 and single photon emission CT (SPECT) of the stomach following intravenous injection of [99MTc]pertechnetate which is secreted by the acid-secreting cells of the gastric mucosa.5

It had been suggested that the acid pocket might represent only a film of acid lining the proximal stomach without any significant volume.6 In the current issue of Gut ( see page 441 ) Beaumont et al placed a catheter at the anatomical site of the acid pocket and aspirated 50–70 ml of gastric juice pH 1.7–2.5 during the postprandial period.7 They were also able to show that the SPECT imaging of …
Blood Donations and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men
Authors: Alberto Ascherio, Eric B. Rimm, Edward Giovannucci, Walter C. Willett, Meir J. Stampfer
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —In experimental animals, iron overload appears to promote atherosclerosis and ischemic myocardial damage, but the results of epidemiological studies that relate iron stores to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) have been inconsistent. Methods and Results —We prospectively studied blood donations, which effectively reduce body iron stores, in relation to the risk of CHD among participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. The lifetime history of blood donation was assessed with a questionnaire in 1992. The 38 244 men who were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease at that time were included in the analyses. During 4 years of follow-up, we documented 328 nonfatal myocardial infarctions and 131 coronary deaths. Although the number of lifetime blood donations was strongly associated with lower plasma ferritin levels in a subsample, the blood donation was not associated with risk of myocardial infarction or fatal CHD. The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of myocardial infarction for men in the highest category of blood donations (≥30) compared with never donors was 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.8), and this RR was not materially changed after adjustment for several coronary risk factors. No significant associations were found between blood donation and the risk of myocardial infarction in analyses restricted to men with hypercholesterolemia or those who never used antioxidant supplements or aspirin. Conclusions —The study results do not support the hypothesis that reduced body iron stores lower CHD risk.
Special neutrophil elastase inhibitory activity in BAL fluid from patients with silicosis and asbestosis
Authors: A Scharfman, A Hayem, M Davril, D Marko, MH Hannothiaux, JJ Lafitte
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Pneumoconiosis is defined as the disease resulting from a chronic exposure to different inorganic dusts. In order to assess the lung defence against the effects of dust exposure, we studied the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from 30 silicotic patients (9 of them having a diagnosis of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF)) and 8 subjects with a diagnosis of asbestosis. Total protein content, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity, free elastase-like activity, immunoreactive alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) and neutrophil elastase inhibitory capacity (NEIC) were determined, and the values obtained were compared to those of 14 control BAL fluids. In all of the patients, our data showed a significant increase of total protein content and free elastase-like activity. In contrast, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activities did not reach statistical significance. Values concerning immunoreactive alpha 1PI and NEIC were significantly raised only in patients with PMF and with asbestosis. When the ratio NEIC/immunoreactive alpha 1PI was calculated, a significant difference was noticed in the asbestosis group; on the other hand, this ratio was significantly reduced in the group of PMF patients. After neutrophil elastase addition, an electrophoretic study by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting was carried out; it showed more proteolysed alpha 1PI in the BAL fluids having a lowered NEIC/alpha 1PI ratio. These facts could be explained by the presence of inhibitors of neutrophil elastase different from alpha 1PI.
Diagnostic value of serological tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a large cystic fibrosis population
Authors: G A Tramper-Stranders
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Hirayama disease (brachial monomelic amyotrophy) is a unilateral or grossly asymmetric bilateral disease. Bilaterally symmetric involvement has never been described. <b>Methods:</b> Based on cardinal clinical and MRI criteria, a total of 106 patients with Hirayama disease from two tertiary care hospitals of North India seen between 1992 and 2008 formed the basis of this study. All those found to have bilaterally symmetric involvement on clinical and electrophysiologic basis were evaluated for clinical, electrophysiologic, and MRI correlates other than those required for the diagnosis. <b>Results:</b> Eleven patients, who constituted around 10% of all the patients with Hirayama disease, were found to have bilaterally symmetric involvement. Nine of them had a history of unilateral onset. The important characteristics of this type of presentation included severe weakness and wasting in C7, C8, and T1 myotomes that frequently spilled over to C6 segment, predominant autonomic dysfunction in distal upper extremities in the form of cold paresis, cold skin, excessive sweating, and hair loss over the dorsum of the hands, and a very prominent bilateral minipolymyoclonus. MRI during complete flexion of neck showed severe flattening of lower cervical spinal cord against C5-C6 vertebral bodies and development of a crescent-shaped enhancing epidural space extending from C4 to T2 spine. <b>Conclusion:</b> Bilaterally symmetric Hirayama disease is a severe form of a classic disease which remains undiagnosed due to a common notion that it is a unilateral or grossly asymmetric disease. This description calls for review of the term “brachial monomelic amyotrophy” described to denote this disease.
Differential Metastasis Inhibition by Clinically Relevant Levels of Heparins—Correlation with Selectin Inhibition, Not Antithrombotic Activity
Authors: Jennifer L. Stevenson, Sharon H. Choi, Ajit Varki
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Unfractionated heparin reduces metastasis in many murine models. Multiple mechanisms are proposed, particularly anticoagulation and/or inhibition of P-selectin and L-selectin. However, the doses used are not clinically tolerable and other heparins are now commonly used. We studied metastasis inhibition by clinically relevant levels of various heparins and investigated the structural basis for selectin inhibition differences. Experimental Design: Five clinically approved heparins were evaluated for inhibition of P-selectin and L-selectin binding to carcinoma cells. Pharmacokinetic studies determined optimal dosing for clinically relevant anticoagulant levels in mice. Experimental metastasis assays using carcinoma and melanoma cells investigated effects of a single injection of various heparins. Heparins were compared for structural relationships to selectin inhibition. Results: One (Tinzaparin) of three low molecular weight heparins showed increased selectin inhibitory activity, and the synthetic pentasaccharide, Fondaparinux, showed none when normalized to anticoagulant activity. Experimental metastasis models showed attenuation with unfractionated heparin and Tinzaparin, but not Fondaparinux, at clinically relevant anticoagulation levels. Tinzaparin has a small population of high molecular weight fragments not present in other low molecular weight heparins, enriched for selectin inhibitory activity. Conclusions: Heparin can attenuate metastasis at clinically relevant doses, likely by inhibiting selectins. Equivalent anticoagulation alone with Fondaparinux is ineffective. Clinically approved heparins have differing abilities to inhibit selectins, likely explained by size distribution. It should be possible to size fractionate heparins and inhibit selectins at concentrations that do not have a large effect on coagulation. Caution is also raised about the current preference for smaller heparins. Despite equivalent anticoagulation, hitherto unsuspected benefits of selectin inhibition in various clinical circumstances may be unwittingly discarded.
CALCIFEROL FOR LUPUS AND OTHER CONDITIONS
Authors: D. E. MACRAE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1948)

Journal Article CALCIFEROL FOR LUPUS AND OTHER CONDITIONS Get access D. E. MACRAE, M.B., B.S.Lond. D. E. MACRAE, M.B., B.S.Lond. Medical Superintendent, Morland Clinics, Alton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 60, Issue 5, 1 May 1948, Pages 168–173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1948.tb11018.x Published: 01 May 1948
Statin treatment and reduced risk of pneumonia in patients with diabetes
Authors: E M W van de Garde, E Hak, P C Souverein, A W Hoes, J M M van den Bosch, H G M Leufkens
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Recent prognostic studies have shown that previous treatment with statins is associated with a better outcome in patients admitted to hospital with pneumonia. Because of an increased risk of pneumonia in patients with diabetes, we assessed the effects of statin use on the occurrence of pneumonia in adult diabetic patients.All patients with a diagnosis of diabetes (types 1 and 2) enlisted in the UK General Practice Research Database between 1 June 1987 and 21 January 2001 were included. A case-control study was performed with cases defined as patients with a first recorded diagnosis of pneumonia. For each case up to four controls were matched by age, sex, practice, and index date. Patients were classified as current users when the index date was between the start and end date of statin treatment. Conditional multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the strength of the association between statin treatment and the occurrence of pneumonia.Statins were used in 1.1% of 4719 cases and in 2.1% of 15 322 matched controls (crude odds ratio (OR) 0.51, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.68). After adjusting for potential confounders, treatment with statins was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of pneumonia (adjusted OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.69). The association was consistent among relevant subgroups (cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases) and independent of the use of other prescription drugs.The use of statins is associated with a considerable reduction in the risk of pneumonia in diabetic patients. In addition to lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease, statins may be useful in preventing respiratory infections.
PHENOMENON OF LOCAL SKIN REACTIVITY TO BACTERIAL FILTRATES: REACTIVATING EFFECT OF BLOOD SERA UPON COMPLETELY NEUTRALIZED TOXIC FILTRATES
Authors: Gregory Shwartzman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

In this paper there are reported observations on a certain new reactivating property of normal and immune blood sera of various animal species. The effect of the reactivating sera consists in restoration of the toxicity in vivo and in vitro of completely neutralized meningococcus and B. coli reacting factors. The property is apparently non-specific, heat-labile, lessens on storage, and has no relationship to complement. Heating of immune sera to a temperature destructive for the reactivating property but innocuous to the neutralizing antibodies, raises considerably their neutralizing potency. The possible immunological significance of the reactivating property is discussed in this paper.
Plasma Cell Myeloma: Biology and Treatment
Authors: D E Bergsagel
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1991)

Plasma cell myeloma results from malignant transformation in an early hemopoietic precursor cell. The disease progresses from an asymptomatic stable phase through a symptomatic phase to a terminal acute phase marked by aggressive cell growth and marrow failure. The activation of a series of oncogenes may govern the initiation and stepwise progression of these neoplasms. Chemotherapy causes the tumor to regress in about 50% of patients and improves survival, but it does not alter the course of the disease. Interferon maintenance therapy prolongs remission durations and appears to alter the course of the disease.
Do gold rings protect against articular erosion in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: D. M Mulherin, G. R Struthers, R D. Situnayake
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To examine the hypothesis that gold rings might delay articular erosion at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the left ring finger in ring wearers with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>METHODS</h3> Consecutive patients with RA were recruited. They were classified as ring wearers if they had worn a gold ring on the left ring finger throughout most of the time since disease onset, or as non-ring wearers if they had never worn a gold ring. Standard hand radiographs (with rings removed, where possible) were taken and articular erosion was quantified at the MCP and proximal interphalangeal joints. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Thirty ring wearers (27 female) and 25 non-ring wearers (12 female) were included. The median (25th–75th centile) Larsen score in the left hand ring MCP joint of ring wearers was 1.0 (1.0–2.0), which was significantly less than in their equivalent right hand joint (1.0, 1.0–5.0, p = 0.01). It also tended to be less than the equivalent left hand joint of non-ring wearers (4.0, 1.0–5.0, p = 0.06), with a similar but significant difference observed at the adjacent middle finger MCP joint (p = 0.01). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The results of this preliminary study suggest that there may be less articular erosion at the left hand ring, and perhaps adjacent, MCP joints observed in ring wearers with RA. These data support the hypothesis that gold could pass from a gold ring through skin and local lymphatics ‘downstream’ to nearby MCP joint in sufficient quantities to delay articular erosion.
Five genetic markers in the interleukin 1 family in relation to inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: P C F Stokkers, B E van Aken, N Basoski, P H Reitsma, G N J Tytgat, S J H van Deventer
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —An imbalance between the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) has been postulated as a pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aims —To study allelic frequencies of novel polymorphisms in the genes for IL-1β and IL-1ra in patients with IBD and to assess the relation between ex vivo cytokine production and allelic variants of the IL-1β and IL-1ra genes. Subjects —Two hundred and seventy healthy controls, 74 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 72 with Crohn’s disease (CD), 40 with primary sclerosing cholangitis for the allelic frequencies, and 60 healthy individuals for the ex vivo stimulation test. Methods —Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent cleavage with specific endonucleases (Mwo1, MspAI1, Alu1, Taq1, BsoF1) for five novel restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the genes for IL-1ra and IL-1β. Results—No significant differences were found in the allelic frequencies or allele carriage rates of the markers in the IL-1β and IL-1ra genes between CD, UC, and healthy controls. No association between the genetic markers and cytokine production levels was observed. Patients with UC carried the combination of both the infrequent allele of the Taq1 RFLP and the Mwo1 RFLP significantly more frequently (35.2% in UC versus 71.1% in controls). Conclusions —UC is associated with carriage of both infrequent alleles of the Taq1 and Mwo1 RFLPs. However, it could not be confirmed whether the association reflects a pathogenic mechanism underlying UC.
The way forward – narrowing the knowledge gap in sub-Saharan Africa to strengthen health systems
Authors: Derege Kebede, Chris Zielinski, Peter Ebongue Mbondji, Miguel Piexoto, Wenceslas Kouvividila, Paul-Samson Lusamba-Dikassa
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2014)

. Gaps in health knowledge, where essential answers on how to improve the health of the people in the Region are missing. This is an issue related to the generation of health information or evidence. . Failure to apply all existing knowledge to improve people’s health, which is often referred to as the ‘know-do gap’. This is related to the issue of sharing and translation of health information, research evidence or knowledge.
The next 30 years--will the progress continue?
Authors: R S Ross
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Spectacular progress has occurred in cardiology during the past 30 years.The major advances that have resulted in the better methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients stem from basic research that was often unrelated to the ultimate practical application.An excellent example of this process is the evolution of the concept of ,B blockade from the pharmacology laboratory to practical clinical application in a variety of conditions.The sequence of discovery, translation, and application depends on many factors, but most important is the trained, dedicated investigator.If progress is to continue, a constant supply of bright young men and women must enter careers in basic research and clinical investigation.Recent studies show that the pool of bio- medical scientists is shrinkiing and fewer young people are selecting research careers; thus, the process upon which our future depends is threatened.The socioeconomic forces that tend to turn the potential stars of the future away from research careers have been identified, and they must be counterbalanced.For 30 years. the American Heart Association has been a leader in the conquest of heart disease through research.The faith of the Association in research must be reaffirmed.The relationship of today's basic research to the good medical care of the future must be explained to the people and to their elected represen- tatives in words that they understand.Action must be taken to assure the continuation of the research enterprise that has been respoinsible for the progress of the last 30 years.THE 1979 Conner Lecture represents a break with tradition.In recent years lecturers have described the application of science to clinical medicine: nuclear cardiology, ultrasound in the diagnosis of heart dis- ease, and the mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic drugs have been discussed.This year the President of the American Heart Association, Dr. Jack Eckstein, has become con- cerned that the process of discovery and clinical application of new science, which has been the subject of the Conner lectures, may itself be in danger, and has asked me to address this issue.Research is important to practitioners and to those who are in academic medicine.Every day car- diologists use knowledge that did not exist a few years ago.If progress is to continue, the research establish- ment must remain strong and productive.Progress may not continue at the same rate.We must examine this threat and take action.
Unraveling the Physiological Complexities of Antibiotic Lethality
Authors: Daniel J. Dwyer, James J. Collins, Graham C. Walker
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2014)

We face an impending crisis in our ability to treat infectious disease brought about by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and a decline in the development of new antibiotics. Urgent action is needed. This review focuses on a less well-understood aspect of antibiotic action: the complex metabolic events that occur subsequent to the interaction of antibiotics with their molecular targets and play roles in antibiotic lethality. Independent lines of evidence from studies of the action of bactericidal antibiotics on diverse bacteria collectively suggest that the initial interactions of drugs with their targets cannot fully account for the antibiotic lethality and that these interactions elicit the production of reactive oxidants including reactive oxygen species that contribute to bacterial cell death. Recent challenges to this concept are considered in the context of the broader literature of this emerging area of research. Possible ways that this new knowledge might be exploited to improve antibiotic therapy are also considered.
Rapid "Digitalization" of Decompensated Schizophrenic Patients with Antipsychotic Agents
Authors: PATRICK T. DONLON, JOE P. TUPIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors describe a method of administering high dosages of the more potent, less sedating antipsychotic drugs to schizophrenic patients to promote the patients' rapid improvement. This method has been effective in keeping the periods of hospitalization of more than 150 schizophrenic patients brief, and the patients have been managed in an open ward community setting.