tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low birth weight, family history of diabetes, and glucose intolerance in Swedish middle-aged men.
Authors: S Carlsson, P G Persson, M Alvarsson, S Efendic, A Norman, L Svanström, C G Ostenson, V Grill
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between low birth weight and glucose intolerance in relation to family history of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 2,237 men born in 1938-1957 in four municipalities in the outskirts of Stockholm, 50% of whom had a family history of diabetes (at least one first-degree or two second-degree relatives with diabetes). Oral glucose tolerance testing detected 35 cases of type 2 diabetes, 102 cases of impaired glucose tolerance, and 57 cases of impaired fasting glucose. RESULTS: In subjects without a family history of diabetes, low (&amp;lt; or = 3,000 g) birth weight was associated with an odds ratio of 2.3 (95% confidence intervals = 0.4-14.4) for diabetes, 1.8 (0.7-4.3) for impaired glucose tolerance, and 3.3 (1.0-10.4) for impaired fasting glucose. In subjects with a family history of diabetes, the corresponding figures were approximately similar, except for diabetes, for which the odds ratio was 5.4 (2.0-14.9). For men with low birth weight in combination with a family history of diabetes, the odds ratio was 10.9 (2.9-41.2) for diabetes, 2.4 (1.1-5.6) for impaired glucose tolerance, and 5.9 (2.1-16.3) for impaired fasting glucose. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that low birth weight is associated with type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired fasting glucose in men. This finding was most pronounced in subjects with diabetes in the family, but it was also indicated in those without a family history of diabetes. Men with the combination of low birth weight and family history of diabetes seem to be at particularly high risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
A phase II study of enzastaurin, a protein kinase C beta inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: F. Morschhauser, J.F. Seymour, H.C. Kluin-Nelemans, A. Grigg, M. Wolf, M. Pfreundschuh, H. Tilly, J. Raemaekers, M.B. van ’t Veer, N. Milpied, G. Cartron, A. Pezzutto, A. Spencer, F. Reyes, M. Dreyling
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Human Pituitary Growth Hormone (hGH) Therapy in Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: S. DOUGLAS FRASIER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1983)

THE INCREASING availability of human growth hormone (hGH) extracted from pituitary glands by both the National Hormone and Pituitary Program (formerly National Pituitary Agency) and commercial sources and the pending explosion of the supply of hGH manufactured by recombinant DNA technology provides a backdrop for this review of hGH therapy in growth hormone deficiency. As the supply of hGH grows and the number of patients receiving this material expands, it should be helpful to look at the information which has been accumulated in this area over more than 20 years. I will attempt to present a comprehensive review of growth hormone therapy which will develop at least some answers to the large number of questions which remain despite a very extensive collective experience. Successful treatment of growth hormone deficiency with hGH was initially reported by Raben in 1958 (1). Scattered additional reports of hGH therapy subsequently appeared (2–8), and by 1964 it was clear that hGH stimulated linear growth in patients with growth hormone deficiency.
Vitamin D and pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the Pancreatic Cancer Case–Control Consortium
Authors: M. Waterhouse, H.A. Risch, C. Bosetti, K.E. Anderson, G.M. Petersen, W.R. Bamlet, M. Cotterchio, S.P. Cleary, T.I. Ibiebele, C. La Vecchia, H.G. Skinner, L. Strayer, P.M. Bracci, P. Maisonneuve, H.B. Bueno-de-Mesquita, W. Zatoński, L. Lu, H. Yu, K. Janik-Koncewicz, R.E. Neale
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Application of composite disease activity scores in psoriatic arthritis to the PRESTA data set
Authors: Oliver FitzGerald, Philip Helliwell, Philip Mease, Aizad Mumtaz, Laura Coates, Ronald Pedersen, Henk Nab, Charles Molta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Objective This study aimed to compare the performances of the Modified Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (mCPDAI) and the Disease Activity index for PSoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) in an interventional study of etanercept in psoriatic arthritis. Methods The components of the CPDAI and DAPSA were extracted using PRESTA ( Psoriasis Randomized Etanercept STudy in subjects with psoriatic Arthritis ) study data. Data for four of the five domains of the CPDAI—thus an mCPDAI—were available: joints, skin, dactylitis and enthesitis (spinal involvement was not assessed). Domains in the calculation of DAPSA were subjected to global assessment of pain, swollen and tender joint counts, and C reactive protein. Subjects were randomised to etanercept 50 mg weekly (n=373) or 50 mg twice weekly (n=379) for 12 weeks; all subjects then received etanercept 50 mg weekly for 12 weeks. The performance of the scores at baseline and on weeks 12 and 24 was compared between the two treatment regimens. Results The mCPDAI and DAPSA could distinguish response to treatment comparing baseline and 12-week or 24-week values (p&lt;0.0001). The mCPDAI, not DAPSA, could distinguish response between the two treatment groups at 12 weeks (p=0.0492), but not at 24 weeks. All domains evaluated contributed to the data variability of the mCPDAI; the most significant were dactylitis (r=0.64) and enthesitis (r=0.60). Conclusion In psoriatic arthritis with severe skin involvement, the mCPDAI was able to distinguish treatment response between the two etanercept doses. DAPSA, while demonstrating improvement in both groups over time, was unable to distinguish response between the different doses of etanercept. Further studies are needed to confirm the sensitivity of both indexes.
Supporting Development in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Cheryl Brosig, Jennifer Butcher, Dawn L. Ilardi, Renée Sananes, Jacqueline H. Sanz, Erica Sood, Kari Struemph, Janice Ware
Journal: Circulation (2014)

C hildren with congenital heart dis- ease (CHD) are exceptionally resilient.After extensive surgeries and hospitalizations, they typically go on to live full, meaningful lives.However, some children with CHD experience developmental and learning differences and benefit from extra help to succeed in school, social relationships, and future employment.
Atherosclerosis in Bypass Graft
Authors: MICHAEL E. KORNS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 January 1977Atherosclerosis in Bypass GraftMICHAEL E. KORNS, M.D., F.A.C.P.MICHAEL E. KORNS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-1-112_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am responding to a statement made by Farry and associates in a recent case report ("Development of Atherosclerosis in Saphenous Vein Coronary Bypass Graft," Ann Intern Med 85:478-479, 1976).The authors state that the occurrence of atherosclerosis in aortocornary saphenous vein bypass grafts had not been described before their report. This is not true; our group in Milwaukee has previously reported several such instances (seereferences below)....References1. BARBORIAKPINTARKORNS JKM: Atherosclerosis in aortocoronary vein grafts. Lancet 2:621-624, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BARBORIAKBATAYIASPINTAR JGK: Pathologic changes in surgically removed aortocoronary vein grafts. Ann Thorac Surg 21:524-527, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1977Volume 86, Issue 1Page: 112-112KeywordsAtherosclerosisStable coronary artery diseaseVeins Issue Published: 1 January 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Time Course of Degradation of Cardiac Troponin I in Patients With Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lene H. Madsen, Geir Christensen, Terje Lund, Victor L. Serebruany, Chris B. Granger, Ingvild Hoen, Zanina Grieg, John H. Alexander, Allan S. Jaffe, Jennifer E. Van Eyk, Dan Atar
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Although measurement of troponin is widely used for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI), its diagnostic potential may be increased by a more complete characterization of its molecular appearance and degradation in the blood. The aim of this study was to define the time course of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) degradation in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In the ASSENT-2 substudy, 26 males hospitalized with STEMI were randomized to 2 different thrombolytic drugs within 6 hours after onset of symptoms. Blood samples were obtained just before initiation of thrombolysis and at 30 minutes intervals (7 samples per patient). Western blot analysis was performed using anti-cTnI antibodies and compared with serum concentrations of cTnI. All patients exceeded the cTnI cutoff for AMI during the sampling period; at initiation of therapy, 23 had elevated cTnI values. All patients demonstrated 2 bands on immunoblot: intact cTnI and a single degradation product as early as 90 minutes after onset of symptoms. On subsequent samples, 15 of 26 patients showed multiple degradation products with up to 7 degradation bands. The appearance of fragments was correlated with higher levels of cTnI (P<0.001) and time to initiation of treatment (P=0.058). This study defines for the first time the initial time course of cTnI degradation in STEMI. Intact cTnI and a single degradation product were detectable on immunoblot as early as 90 minutes after onset of symptoms with further degradation after 165 minutes. Infarct size and time to initiation of treatment was the major determinant for degradation.
Induced Sputum Eicosanoid Concentrations in Asthma
Authors: IAN D. PAVORD, RICHARD WARD, GERRIT WOLTMANN, ANDREW J. WARDLAW, JAMES R. SHELLER, RYSZARD DWORSKI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Further definition of the role of leukotrienes (LT) and prostaglandins (PG) in asthma would be helped by a noninvasive method for assessing airway production. The supernatant from sputum induced with hypertonic saline and dispersed using dithiotrietol has been successfully used to measure other molecular markers of airway inflammation and might be a useful method. We have measured induced sputum supernatant LTC4/D4/E4 concentrations using enzyme immunoassay and PGE2, PGD2, TXB2, and PGF2 α using gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy in 10 normal subjects and in 26 subjects with asthma of variable severity. Sputum cysteinyl-leukotrienes concentrations were significantly greater in subjects with asthma (median, 9.5 ng/ml) than in normal control subjects (6.4 ng/ml; p < 0.02) and greater in subjects with persistent asthma requiring inhaled corticosteroids (median, 11.4 ng/ml) or studied within 48 h of an acute severe exacerbation of asthma (13 ng/ml) than in subjects with episodic asthma treated with inhaled β2-agonists only (7.2 ng/ml). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of other eicosanoids between groups, although there was a negative correlation between the percentage sputum eosinophil count and sputum PGE2 concentration (r = − 0.48; p < 0.01) in subjects with asthma. We conclude that induced sputum contains high concentrations of eicosanoids and that sputum LTC4/D4/E4 concentrations are significantly greater in subjects with asthma than in normal subjects. The inverse relationship between eosinophilic airway inflammation and sputum PGE2 concentration would be consistant, with the latter having an anti-inflammatory role. Pavord ID, Ward R, Woltmann G, Wardlaw AJ, Sheller JR, Dworski R. Induced sputum eicosanoid concentrations in asthma.
Texas judge throws out Wakefield's libel action against BMJ
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In a one paragraph order, the Travis County district judge Amy Clark Meachum ruled that the case could not go ahead because the Texas courts had no jurisdiction over the three British defendants.Wakefield sparked a worldwide scare over the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine when he published research that he suggested could link the vaccine with autism.He was struck off the UK medical register in 2010 by the General Medical Council for serious professional misconduct, including dishonesty and unethical behaviour. 1 Now living in Austin, Texas, he sued the BMJ, Godlee, and Deer over articles and editorial commentary published in 2011 that he said accused him of "intentionally and knowingly manipulating or falsifying data and diagnoses."
Diaphragm fatigue following maximal ventilation in man
Authors: CH Hamnegard, S Wragg, D Kyroussis, GH Mills, MI Polkey, J Moran, J Road, B Bake, M Green, J Moxham
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

When highly motivated normal subjects perform maximal isocapnic ventilation, a substantial fall in ventilation is observed during the first minute associated with slowing of the maximum relaxation rate (MRR) of the inspiratory muscles. This suggests that these muscles are excessively loaded, raising the possibility that overt contractile failure of the diaphragm contributes to the fall in ventilation. We therefore investigated the effect of maximal isocapnic ventilation (MIV) on twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi,Tw) elicited by cervical magnetic stimulation. We measured Pdi,Tw before and after 2 min MIV in nine normal subjects. Initial mean (SD) ventilation for the nine subjects was 196 (15) L.min-1 falling by 35% at 1 min. Pdi,Tw fell following MIV, at 10 min was reduced by 24%, and remained substantially reduced 90 min after MIV. No change in Pdi,Tw was observed during control studies in which subjects were studied with the same protocol but omitting MIV. We conclude that diaphragmatic contractility is reduced after 2 min maximal isocapnic ventilation and diaphragmatic fatigue may be a limiting factor in maximal ventilation in man.
Neo-sex chromosomes in the black muntjac recapitulate incipient evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes
Authors: Qi Zhou, Jun Wang, Ling Huang, Wenhui Nie, Jinhuan Wang, Yan Liu, Xiangyi Zhao, Fengtang Yang, Wen Wang
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract Background The regular mammalian X and Y chromosomes diverged from each other at least 166 to 148 million years ago, leaving few traces of their early evolution, including degeneration of the Y chromosome and evolution of dosage compensation. Results We studied the intriguing case of black muntjac, in which a recent X-autosome fusion and a subsequent large autosomal inversion within just the past 0.5 million years have led to inheritance patterns identical to the traditional X-Y (neo-sex chromosomes). We compared patterns of genome evolution in 35-kilobase noncoding regions and 23 gene pairs on the homologous neo-sex chromosomes. We found that neo-Y alleles have accumulated more mutations, comprising a wide variety of mutation types, which indicates cessation of recombination and is consistent with an ongoing neo-Y degeneration process. Putative deleterious mutations were observed in coding regions of eight investigated genes as well as cis -regulatory regions of two housekeeping genes. In vivo assays characterized a neo-Y insertion in the promoter of the CLTC gene that causes a significant reduction in allelic expression. A neo-Y-linked deletion in the 3'-untranslated region of gene SNX22 abolished a microRNA target site. Finally, expression analyses revealed complex patterns of expression divergence between neo-Y and neo-X alleles. Conclusion The nascent neo-sex chromosome system of black muntjacs is a valuable model in which to study the evolution of sex chromosomes in mammals. Our results illustrate the degeneration scenarios in various genomic regions. Of particular importance, we report - for the first time - that regulatory mutations were probably able to accelerate the degeneration process of Y and contribute to further evolution of dosage compensation.
To determine the cost-effectiveness of pemetrexed (PEM) compared to current standards of care in 2nd-line advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective
Authors: S. Bhalla, C. Hibbert, J. Watkins, S. Beard, M. Cetty, J. Arellano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6540 Objective: To assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of pemetrexed (PEM) compared with current standards of care (SOC) in 2nd-line advanced NSCLC from a UK perspective. The SOC selected for the evaluation were: (i) docetaxel (DOC) as it is the standard active therapy in the UK and is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and (ii) best supportive care (BSC) as the majority patients in the UK who fail 1st-line therapy do not receive further chemotherapy. Methods: The analytic technique used was a cost-utility analysis (CUA) in the form of a Markov model. Utilities were generated from 100 members of the general public, considering tumor response status and toxicity, in accordance with the standard NICE appraisal methodology. Clinical inputs were derived from a pooled analysis phase III clinical trial data. Costs were taken from the British National Formulary and UK national databases. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) are presented for both life-years gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life- years (QALY) gained. Conclusions: The incremental cost per LY and cost per QALY for pemetrexed in 2nd-line NSCLC are below £20,000, compared to docetaxel and BSC. Based on its survival and toxicity benefits PEM is a cost-effective option in within the UK. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]
Opioid-Induced Cardioprotection Occurs via Glycogen Synthase Kinase β Inhibition During Reperfusion in Intact Rat Hearts
Authors: Eric R. Gross, Anna K. Hsu, Garrett J. Gross
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) inhibition produced by ischemic preconditioning has been previously shown to be regulated through phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K). Therefore, we determined whether opioid-induced cardioprotection (OIC) occurs during reperfusion by altering GSK phosphorylation through PI3K and target of rapamycin (TOR). Furthermore, we determined if selective GSK inhibitors, SB216763(SB21) or SB415286(SB41), emulate OIC. Rats were treated with the nonselective opioid agonist, morphine (MOR, 0.3 mg/kg), the δ-selective opioid agonist BW373U86 (BW, 1 mg/kg), or the GSK inhibitors, SB21 (0.6 mg/kg) or SB41(1.0 mg/kg), either 10 minutes before ischemia or 5 minutes before reperfusion. Five minutes before opioid or SB21 treatment, some rats received either the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin (15 μg/kg) or LY294002 (0.3 mg/kg) or the TOR inhibitor rapamycin (3 μg/kg). After 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion, infarct size was assessed. MOR, BW, SB41, and SB21 reduced infarct size compared with vehicle when administered before ischemia (42.9±2.6, 40.3±2.3, 46.6±1.6, 42.2±1.8 versus 60.0±1.1%, respectively; P &lt;0.001) and showed similar protection when administered 5 minutes before reperfusion (43.6±2.3, 40.2±2.6, 44.8±2.8, 39.4±0.8%, respectively; P &lt;0.001). Wortmannin, LY294002, and rapamycin were found to inhibit OIC; however, they did not abrogate SB21-induced infarct size reduction. At 5 minutes of reperfusion, both MOR and BW increased P-GSKβ at Ser 9 in the ischemic zone compared with vehicle (181±20, 178±15 versus 75±17 DU, respectively; P &lt;0.05), and this effect was abrogated by prior administration of wortmannin or rapamycin in MOR-treated rats. Furthermore, no differences were seen in phosphorylation of GSKα (Ser 21 or Tyr 279 ) or phosphorylation of GSKβ (Tyr 216 ). These data indicate that OIC occurs via the phosphorylation of GSKβ at Ser 9 during reperfusion.
Zebrafish Ribonucleases Are Bactericidal: Implications for the Origin of the Vertebrate RNase A Superfamily
Authors: Soochin Cho, Jianzhi Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Understanding the evolutionary origin of the ribonuclease (RNase) A superfamily is of great interest because the superfamily is the sole vertebrate-specific enzyme family known to date. Although mammalian RNases have a diverse array of biochemical and physiological functions, the original function of the superfamily at its birth is enigmatic. Such information may be obtained by studying basal lineages of the vertebrate phylogeny and is necessary for discerning how and why this superfamily originated. Here, we clone and characterize 3 RNase genes from the zebrafish, the most basal vertebrate examined for RNases. We report 1) that all the 3 zebrafish RNases are ribonucleolytically active, with one of them having an RNase activity comparable to that of bovine RNase A, the prototype of the superfamily; 2) that 2 zebrafish RNases have prominent expressions in adult liver and gut, whereas the 3rd is expressed in adult eye and heart; and 3) that all 3 RNases have antibacterial activities in vitro. These results, together with the presence of antibacterial and/or antiviral activities in multiple distantly related mammalian RNases, strongly suggest that the superfamily started as a host-defense mechanism in vertebrate evolution.
Psoriasis patients with nail disease have a greater magnitude of underlying systemic subclinical enthesopathy than those with normal nails
Authors: Zoe R Ash, Ilaria Tinazzi, Concepción C Gallego, Chung Kwok, Caroline Wilson, Mark Goodfield, Paolo Gisondi, Ai Lyn Tan, Helena Marzo-Ortega, Paul Emery, Richard J Wakefield, Dennis G McGonagle, Sibel Z Aydin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> Enthesopathy is a major feature of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which is supported by imaging studies. Given that nail disease often predates PsA and that the nail is directly anchored to entheses, the authors asked whether nail involvement in psoriasis equates with a systemic enthesopathy. <h3>Methods</h3> Forty-six patients with psoriasis (31 with nail disease) and 21 matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. 804 entheses of upper and lower limbs were scanned by an ultrasonographer blinded to clinical details. <h3>Results</h3> Psoriasis patients had higher enthesitis scores than HC (median (range) 21 (0–65) vs 11 (3–39), p=0.005). Enthesopathy scores were higher in patients with nail disease (23 (0–65)) than in patients without nail disease (15 (5–26), p=0.02) and HC (11 (3–39), p=0.003). Inflammation scores of patients with nail disease (13 (0–34)) were higher than patients without nail disease (8 (2–15), p=0.02) and HC (5 (0–19), p&lt;0.001). Modified nail psoriasis severity index scores were correlated to both inflammation (r<sup>2</sup>=0.45, p=0.005) and chronicity scores (r<sup>2</sup>=0.35, p=0.04). No link between the psoriasis area and severity index and enthesitis was evident. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The link between nail disease and contemporaneous subclinical enthesopathy offers a novel anatomical basis for the predictive value of nail psoriasis for PsA evolution.