tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pervasive Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding in an Alaska Native Population With Prevalent Iron Deficiency
Authors: Ray Yip
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To confirm prevalent iron deficiency among Yupik Eskimos living in Alaska and to explore the frequency of and potential lesions accounting for occult gastrointestinal bleeding. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive survey. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Rural Arctic community. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A total of 140 adult volunteers from 3 villages in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of western Alaska. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Daily iron intake, hematologic and biochemical indexes of iron status, fecal hemoglobin levels, stool parasites, and endoscopic findings. <h3>Results.</h3> —While dietary iron intake by Yupiks was similar to that of a reference population, iron deficiency prevalence was increased 13-fold in Yupik men and 4-fold in Yupik women. Fecal hemoglobin levels were elevated in 90% of subjects contrasted with only 4% of a reference group; median levels were 5.9 and 0.5 mg of hemoglobin per gram of stool, respectively. Among 70 Yupik subjects with elevated fecal hemoglobin levels who had endoscopy performed, 68 (97%) had an abnormal gastric appearance consisting of erythema, mucosal thickening, diffuse mucosal hemorrhages, erosions, or ulcerations. Gastric biopsies revealed chronic active gastritis with associated<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>in 68 (99%) of 69. No other hemorrhagic gastrointestinal disease was detected. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Based on this study sample, occult gastrointestinal bleeding appears to be pervasive in the Yupik population and likely underlies the prevalent iron deficiency. An atypical hemorrhagic gastritis associated with<i>H pylori</i>infection is present almost universally and may represent the bleeding source.
Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Davy Vancampfort, Brendon Stubbs, Alex J. Mitchell, Marc De Hert, Martien Wampers, Philip B. Ward, Simon Rosenbaum, Christoph U. Correll
Journal: World Psychiatry (2015)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are highly predictive of cardiovascular diseases. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of MetS and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, comparing subjects with different disorders and taking into account demographic variables and psychotropic medication use. The secondary aim was to compare the MetS prevalence in persons with any of the selected disorders versus matched general population controls. The pooled MetS prevalence in people with severe mental illness was 32.6% (95% CI: 30.8%-34.4%; N = 198; n = 52,678). Relative risk meta-analyses established that there was no significant difference in MetS prevalence in studies directly comparing schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder, and in those directly comparing bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder. Only two studies directly compared people with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, precluding meta-analytic calculations. Older age and a higher body mass index were significant moderators in the final demographic regression model (z = -3.6, p = 0.0003, r(2) = 0.19). People treated with all individual antipsychotic medications had a significantly (p<0.001) higher MetS risk compared to antipsychotic-naïve participants. MetS risk was significantly higher with clozapine and olanzapine (except vs. clozapine) than other antipsychotics, and significantly lower with aripiprazole than other antipsychotics (except vs. amisulpride). Compared with matched general population controls, people with severe mental illness had a significantly increased risk for MetS (RR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.35-1.86; p<0.001) and all its components, except for hypertension (p = 0.07). These data suggest that the risk for MetS is similarly elevated in the diagnostic subgroups of severe mental illness. Routine screening and multidisciplinary management of medical and behavioral conditions is needed in these patients. Risks of individual antipsychotics should be considered when making treatment choices.
Multiple Idiopathic Physical Symptoms in the ECA Study:Competing-Risks Analysis of 1-Year Incidence, Mortality, and Resolution
Authors: Charles C Engel, Xian Liu, Charles Hoge, Samantha Smith
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Competing-risks analysis was used to determine the 1-year longitudinal outcomes, including mortality, associated with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms in a population sample. METHOD: The authors analyzed baseline and 1-year follow-up data from the population-based NIMH Epidemiological Catchment Area Study. Multinomial logit regression was used to examine the incidence of multiple idiopathic physical symptoms, resolution of such symptoms, and related mortality among individuals in the general population, with adjustment for demographic characteristics and the presence or absence at baseline of a lifetime diagnosis of major depression, dysthymia, anxiety disorder, and alcohol abuse. Multinomial logit modeling also accounts for the impact of competing outcomes, such as survey nonresponse. RESULTS: Most of the individuals with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms recovered over the ensuing year. The incidence of multiple idiopathic physical symptoms among those without such symptoms at baseline was 1.7%. The predicted mortality among individuals with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms at baseline was higher than for individuals not having such symptoms at baseline (0.28% versus 0.18%). The higher mortality rate among those with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms at baseline persisted after adjustment for covariates and competing outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes associated with multiple idiopathic physical symptoms vary widely. Most individuals improve over time. However, the course for a few individuals is less benign than perhaps previously thought. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms behind increases in mortality related to multiple idiopathic physical symptoms, the predictors of poor prognosis, and whether mortality remains elevated over longer periods of follow-up.
METHOTREXATE* IN PSORIASIS
Authors: M. SCHEWACH-MILLET, L. ZIPRKOWSKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article METHOTREXATE IN PSORIASIS Get access M. SCHEWACH‐MILLET, M. SCHEWACH‐MILLET Departments of Dermatology, Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Hashomer Government Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. ZIPRKOWSKI L. ZIPRKOWSKI Departments of Dermatology, Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Hashomer Government Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 8, 1 August 1968, Pages 534–539, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12344.x Published: 01 August 1968 Article history Accepted: 01 April 1968 Published: 01 August 1968
Uncertainty monitoring may promote emergents
Authors: Duane M. Rumbaugh, Michael J. Beran, James L. Pate
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

We suggest that the phenomenon of uncertainty monitoring in nonhuman animals contributes richly to the conception of nonhuman animals' self-monitoring. We propose that uncertainty may play a role in the emergence of new forms of behavior that are adaptive. We recommend that Smith et al. determine the extent to which the uncertain response transfers immediately to other test paradigms.
Raltitrexed plus oxaliplatin (TOMOX) as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. A phase II study of the Italian Group for the Study of Gastrointestinal Tract Carcinomas (GISCAD)
Authors: S. Cascinu, F. Graziano, F. Ferraù, V. Catalano, C. Massacesi, D. Santini, R.R. Silva, S. Barni, A. Zaniboni, N. Battelli, S. Siena, P. Giordani, D. Mari, A.M. Baldelli, S. Antognoli, R. Maisano, D. Priolo, M.A. Pessi, G. Tonini, S. Rota, R. Labianca
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Nox4 Is a Protective Reactive Oxygen Species Generating Vascular NADPH Oxidase
Authors: Katrin Schröder, Min Zhang, Sebastian Benkhoff, Anja Mieth, Rainer Pliquett, Judith Kosowski, Christoph Kruse, Peter Luedike, U. Ruth Michaelis, Norbert Weissmann, Stefanie Dimmeler, Ajay M. Shah, Ralf P. Brandes
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

The function of Nox4, a source of vascular H(2)O(2), is unknown. Other Nox proteins were identified as mediators of endothelial dysfunction.We determined the function of Nox4 in situations of increased stress induced by ischemia or angiotensin II with global and tamoxifen-inducible Nox4(-/-) mice.Nox4 was highly expressed in the endothelium and contributed to H(2)O(2) formation. Nox4(-/-) mice exhibited attenuated angiogenesis (femoral artery ligation) and PEG-catalase treatment in control mice had a similar effect. Tube formation in cultured Nox4(-/-) lung endothelial cells (LECs) was attenuated and restored by low concentrations of H(2)O(2,) whereas PEG-catalase attenuated tube formation in control LECs. Angiotensin II infusion was used as a model of oxidative stress. Compared to wild-type, aortas from inducible Nox4-deficient animals had development of increased inflammation, media hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction. Mechanistically, loss of Nox4 resulted in reduction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, nitric oxide production, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, which was associated with apoptosis and inflammatory activation. HO-1 expression is controlled by Nrf-2. Accordingly, Nox4-deficient LECs exhibited reduced Nrf-2 protein level and deletion of Nox4 reduced Nrf-2 reporter gene activity. In vivo treatment with hemin, an inducer of HO-1, blocked the vascular hypertrophy induced by Nox4 deletion in the angiotensin II infusion model and carbon monoxide, the product of HO-1, blocked the Nox4-deletion-induced apoptosis in LECs.Endogenous Nox4 protects the vasculature during ischemic or inflammatory stress. Different from Nox1 and Nox2, this particular NADPH oxidase therefore may have a protective vascular function.
Lipoprotein lipase activator NO-1886 improves fatty liver caused by high-fat feeding in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Masataka Kusunoki, Kazuhiko Tsutsumi, Yasuhide Inoue, Tsutomu Hara, Tetsuo Miyata, Takao Nakamura, Hitoshi Ogawa, Fumihiko Sakakibara, Yoshitaka Fukuzawa, Naomi Okabayashi, Koich Kato, Hiroshi Ikeda, Tsuyoshi Kurokawa, Tetsuro Ishikawa, Kazuo Otake, Yutaka Nakaya
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Loss of Tie2 receptor compromises embryonic stem cell–derived endothelial but not hematopoietic cell survival
Authors: Isao Hamaguchi, Tohru Morisada, Masaki Azuma, Kyoko Murakami, Madoka Kuramitsu, Takuo Mizukami, Kazuyuki Ohbo, Kazunari Yamaguchi, Yuichi Oike, Daniel J. Dumont, Toshio Suda
Journal: Blood (2005)
Selection of patients for bile diversion surgery: use of bile acid measurement in fasting gastric aspirates.
Authors: A M Hoare, A McLeish, H Thompson, J Alexander-Williams
Journal: Gut (1978)

Eighteen patients with dyspepsia and vomiting which followed surgery for peptic ulcer have completed a study to examine the role of diverting bile from the stomach by a Roux-en-Y procedure. Bile regurgitation and mild epigastric pain relieved by vomiting were abolished. Measurements of bile acids in the fasting gastric aspirate were useful in predicting the outcome of surgery; good results were obtained when initially there was reflex into the stomach of more than 120 mumol/hour of bile acids. A wider group of patients than those selected in previous series may benefit from this operation, as good results can be obtained in patients with dyspepsia relieved by alkali and without achlorhydria or gastritis. Endoscopy was repeated one year after Roux-en-Y operation. Erythema of the mucosa was improved, but gastritis did not improve.
Long-term responders and survivors on pazopanib for advanced soft tissue sarcomas: subanalysis of two European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) clinical trials 62043 and 62072
Authors: B. Kasper, S. Sleijfer, S. Litière, S. Marreaud, J. Verweij, R.A. Hodge, S. Bauer, J.M. Kerst, W.T.A. van der Graaf
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Quantitative Image Analysis of Cellular Heterogeneity in Breast Tumors Complements Genomic Profiling
Authors: Yinyin Yuan, Henrik Failmezger, Oscar M. Rueda, H. Raza Ali, Stefan Gräf, Suet-Feung Chin, Roland F. Schwarz, Christina Curtis, Mark J. Dunning, Helen Bardwell, Nicola Johnson, Sarah Doyle, Gulisa Turashvili, Elena Provenzano, Sam Aparicio, Carlos Caldas, Florian Markowetz
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Image analysis of breast cancer tissue improves and complements genomic data to predict patient survival.
Need for Residential Treatment for Children with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Arlan L Rosenbloom
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Specialists in childhood diabetes in North America were queried about the need for residential facilities for their patients with recurrent hospitalizations and school deficits due to family coping problems. Of 132 respondents, 115 indicated a need for 5-12% of their patients, a total of 530, close to the estimate of 600 based on the number of places available for Danish, Dutch, and German children.
Time trends in repeated spirometry in children
Authors: G Hoek, B Brunekreef
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

In a study on acute health effects of air pollution in the Netherlands, pulmonary function has been measured repeatedly in children aged 7-11 yrs. In study periods of approximately 3 months, 6-10 tests have been made in a group of 1,621 children. The spirometric data have been examined for the presence of trends of pulmonary function with day of study, independent of air pollution. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) increased more than expected from normal lung growth, whereas for maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) a decrease with time was observed. For forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) a smaller than expected increase with time was observed. The observed deviation from the expected pattern was larger for the children with a one week interval between successive tests than for the children with a three week interval. For FVC and FEV1 a non-linear relationship with time was observed, for PEF and MMEF this relationship was approximately linear. The particular changes of spirometric variables with time need to be taken into account when repeated lung function tests are performed to investigate acute effects of air pollution exposure.
A novel homeobox gene PITX3 is mutated in families with autosomal-dominant cataracts and ASMD
Authors: Elena V. Semina, Robert E. Ferrell, Helen A. Mintz-Hittner, Pierre Bitoun, Wallace Lee M. Alward, Rebecca S. Reiter, Carrie Funkhauser, Sandra Daack-Hirsch, Jeffrey C. Murray
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Side effects of benoxaprofen.
Authors: C Hindson, T Daymond, B Diffey, F Lawlor
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A study was made of adverse dermatological reactions to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent benoxaprofen. Photosensitivity was seen in several patients, confined to wavelengths less than 340 nm. Other cutaneous side effects were erythema multiforme, the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, milia, and onycholysis. One case of pancytopenia and toxic epidermal necrolysis was reported. patients were not rechallenged with the drug, but these reactions appear to be true side effects of benoxaprofen.
Abstract P108: Comorbidity Burden in Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Alanna M Chamberlain, Margaret C Byrne, Alvaro Alonso, Bernard J Gersh, Sheila M Manemann, Jill M Killian, Susan A Weston, Veronique L Roger
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Differences in the prevalence and duration of co-morbid conditions in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients compared to population controls have not been well documented. Methods: The prevalence and duration of 17 chronic conditions defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services, as well as anxiety, obesity, and smoking status, was obtained in a random sample of 1430 patients with incident AF from 2000-2010 and 1430 controls from Olmsted County, MN. Controls were matched to cases 1:1 on sex and age (within 5 years). Chronic conditions were ascertained electronically requiring 2 occurrences of a diagnostic code; the duration of each condition (up to 25 years) was calculated. Logistic regression determined associations of each condition with AF after adjustment for all other conditions. Results: Among the 1430 matched pairs (median age 76 years, 48.6% men), the prevalence of chronic conditions was higher in AF cases compared to controls for all conditions except asthma, dementia, depression, hepatitis, and osteoporosis (figure). However, the duration of the conditions were similar in AF compared to controls, except for hypertension (median duration 12.3 and 9.9 years in AF cases and controls, respectively; p=0.002). After adjusting for all other conditions, obesity, hypertension, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remained significantly more common in AF compared to controls (figure). Conditions with the largest attributable risk of AF were hypertension (25.4%), coronary artery disease (17.7%), and congestive heart failure (12.3%). Conclusions: AF patients have a higher prevalence of many chronic conditions compared to population controls. However, besides hypertension, these comorbidities do not develop earlier in AF. Nevertheless, the excess comorbidity burden in AF is important to characterize and understand as it may partly explain the excess mortality and healthcare utilization experienced by AF patients.
Cytidine deaminase activity as a measure of acute inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P W Thompson, D D Jones, H L Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Cytidine deaminase (CD), a cytoplasmic enzyme, is thought to leak out of damaged cells and can be measured in fluids by a simple biochemical assay. This study has shown that serum CD activity is raised in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with osteoarthritis (OA). Synovial fluid (SF) CD activity was always less than the corresponding serum activity (mean SF/serum ratio = 0.6) in OA but up to 22 times greater than the corresponding serum activity in RA (mean SF/serum ratio = 13.1), suggesting CD production in inflammatory joints. Evidence to support the SF neutrophil as a cell of CD origin is provided by the CD gradient running from cells to SF to synovium. The close correlation between SF CD activity and neutrophil count (r = 0.93) indicates that SF CD activity is an accurate measure of acute synovial inflammation. Weak correlation of serum CD activity with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r = 0.44) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.49) implies that CD estimations supply different though related information about rheumatoid disease activity. We suggest that CD released from damaged neutrophils diffuses from all inflamed joints into the blood, so that serum CD activity may provide an integrated measure of joint inflammation more specific than traditional measures such as the ESR.
Mechanism of sodium and chloride transport in the thin ascending limb of Henle.
Authors: M Imai, J P Kokko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Our previous in vitro studies have disclosed that the thin ascending limb of Henle (tALH) possesses some unique membrane characteristics. In those studies we failed to demonstrated active transport of sodium chloride by the tALH, although it was shown that the isotopic permeability to sodium and chloride was unusually high. However, we did not examine the mechanisms by which the apparent high permeation of sodium chloride occurs. Thus the purpose of the present studies was to elucidate the mechanism of sodium chloride transport across the isolated tALH of the rabbit by conducting four different types of studies: (1) comparison of the observed chloride and sodium flux ratios to those predicted by Ussing's equation under imposed salt concentration gradients; (2) kinetic evaluation of chloride and sodium fluxes; (3) examination of the effect of bromide on the kinetics of chloride transport; and (4) experiments to test for the existence of exchange diffusion of chloride. In the first set of studies the predicted and the theoretical flux ratios of sodium were identical in those experiments in which sodium chloride was added either to the perfusate or to the bath. However, the observed chloride flux ratio, lumen-to-bath/bath-to-lumen, was significantly lower than that predicted from Ussing's equation when 100 mM sodium chloride was added to the bath. In the second set of experiments the apparent isotopic permeability for sodium and for chloride was measured under varying perfusate and bath NaCl concentrations. There was no statistical change in the apparent sodium permeability coefficient when the NaCl concentration was raised by varying increments from 85.5 to 309.5 mM. However, permeation of 36Cl decrease significantly with an increase in Cl from 73.6 to 598.6 mM. These events could be explained by a two component chloride transport process consisting of simple diffusion and a saturable facilitated diffusion process with a Vmax = 3.71 neq mm-1 min-1. In the third set of studies it was shown that bromide inhibits transport of chloride and that the magnitude of inhibition is dependent on chloride concentrations. The fourth set of studies ruled out the existence of exchange diffusion. In conclusion, these studies indicate that sodium transport across tALH is by simple passive diffusion, while chloride transport across tALH involves at least two mechanisms: (1) simple passive diffusion; and (2) a specific membrane interaction process (carrier-mediated) which is competitively inhibited by bromide.