tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concurrent radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) with oxaliplatin as primary treatment of advanced rectal cancer: a phase II study
Authors: A. Alberti, F. Tomei, E. Miele, N. Pizzardi, S. Ramponi, U. De Paula, P. Gentile, F. Proietti, L. Marmiroli, A. De Quarto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

13507 Background: Combined pre-operative RT and CT increase the possibility for conservative surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer. Most clinical trials show that responding patients could obtain a reduction of local relapse and an improvement of overall survival, especially when a complete pathological response is obtained (pCR 9–29%). The aim of our study was to determine the activity of RT concomitant to oxaliplatin (OHP) in combination with c.i. 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Methods: Primary endpoint was pCR. Sample size was defined according to Simon Two-Stage phase II design (planned sample size: 29 evaluable patients). From May 2002 to November 2005, 33 patients (15 males, 18 females) were enrolled: median age was 64 years (range 21–74); clinical stage was cT3/cT4 cN0 or cT any cN+ M0. In 24 patients rectal cancer was ≤ 5 cm from anal verge. Weekly OHP 60 mg/m 2 was administered in combination with c.i. 5FU 225 mg/ m 2 for 5 days per week. Twelve patients received conventional RT (CRT): 25 fractions with 1.8 Gy, total dose 50.4 Gy on the pelvis and a boost on tumor bed with 3 fractions of 1.8 Gy. 21 patients received hyperfractionated RT (HRT): 1.2 Gy b.i.d. for 5 days per week for 4 weeks and a concomitant boost on tumor bed with daily 3 Gy (total dose 54–56 Gy on tumor bed, 48–50 Gy on the pelvis). Patients underwent surgery after 6–8 weeks from the end of treatment. Results: All patients were evaluable for pathological response. Sphincter preservation was obtained in 30 patients (=90.9%), a clinical down-staging in 30 patients (=90.9%). Overall, 12 patients (=36.4%) experienced a pCR: 9 of 21 patients (=42.8%) who received HRT obtained a pCR; 3 of 12 patients (=25%) who received CRT showed a pCR. Treatment was well tolerated. No G3–4 toxicity was observed. Conclusions: The results of our study are promising in terms of sphincter preservation, clinical down-staging and pCR. Moreover in this trial patients who received HRT obtained an encouraging outcome. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Myeloproliferative and Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Tasmania, 1972–80: Patterns in Space and Time&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. Norelle Lickiss, M.D., Graham G. Giles, Ph.D., Margaret J. Baikie, M.B.B.S., Raymond M. Lowenthal, M.D., David Challis, M.B.B.S., Jean Panton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

During the period 1972-80, 866 patients with myeloproliferative (MP) and lymphoproliferative (LP) disorders were diagnosed in Tasmania. The residential histories of these cases were compared with those of population-based controls. No space-time clustering was demonstrated by individuals of any single diagnosis or group of diagnoses, nor were any regional differences in incidence detected. However, urban-rural differences were observed. Rural exposures were important especially in early childhood and at specific intervals before onset for certain diagnoses. Farm residence in early life yielded heightened relative risks, especially for sufferers from chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. Regional analysis demonstrated elevated risks of residence in orcharding and dairying regions and in an urban-industrial municipality. High risks were associated with latent periods before diagnosis. The findings suggest environmental agents, acting prenatally or in early life, as well as in adult life, as important risk factors in the later development of MP and LP disorders.
Discrimination Between Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Cells In Vitro by Activated Macrophages12
Authors: John B. Hibbs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Discrimination Between Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Cells In Vitro by Activated Macrophages Get access John B. Hibbs, Jr., M.D. John B. Hibbs, Jr., M.D. 3Veterans Administration Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113, and Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 5, November 1974, Pages 1487–1492, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.5.1487 Published: 01 November 1974
Bladder Tumor Incidence Among Workers Exposed to Benzidine: A Thirty-Year Follow-up&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J W Meigs, L D Marrett, F U Ulrich, J T Flannery
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Linkage with records of the Connecticut Tumor Registry was used to determine cancer incidence in a cohort of workers (n = 984) at a benzidine manufacturing facility. Compared to the findings for the Connecticut population, there was a statistically significant excess of bladder tumor among male cohort members [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 343; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 148, 676; n = 830], which was confined to those with the highest estimated level of benzidine exposure (SIR = 1,303; CL = 479, 2,839; n = 105). No significantly elevated risks were found for cancers at other anatomic sites in men or at any anatomic sites in women; nor was there any pattern of increasing risk with increasing benzidine exposure for sites other than bladder. In addition, the elevated bladder cancer risk was greater for men first employed during the earliest years of the plant, namely, 1945-49 (SIR = 976; CL = 262, 2,498) as compared to those first employed in 1950-54 (SIR = 213; CL = 3, 1,184) after equalization of duration of follow-up. These results suggest that the major preventive measures instituted around 1950 may have reduced bladder cancer risk in this plant.
Premenopausal breast cancer and the association between estrogen receptor status, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and leptin
Authors: J. Eng-Wong, S. Chang, S. Hursting, S. N. Perkins, N. Núñez, H. L. Hill, M. Bondy, D. Li, S. E. Singletary
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

640 Background: The IGF pathway and leptin are associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. These proteins are implicated in breast carcinogenesis through their interactions with the estrogen pathway, potentially resulting in specific breast cancer histopathologic subtypes. Methods: Pretreatment serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin levels were examined in newly diagnosed premenopausal breast cancer cases to determine whether an association with tumor estrogen receptor status exists. Odds ratios were determined by logistic regression analysis. Likelihood ratio tests for interaction with BMI were conducted. Results: One hundred and eight women were evaluated (mean age 42); 82 were ER positive and 26 were ER negative. 62 were normal weight (BMI&lt;25) and 46 were overweight and obese (BMI≥25). Mean IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin levels did not differ between the ER positive and ER negative tumors. No associations were found between IGF-I, IGFBP-3 or leptin and ER status of tumors overall or by subset analysis in normal weight versus overweight and obese individuals. A suggestion that elevated IGFBP-3 was associated with ER-negative disease did not reach statistical significance. Additionally, normal-weight women with ER-negative disease had higher leptin levels than their normal-weight ER-positive counterparts, although we lacked statistical power to detect an effect of BMI on the association between leptin levels and tumor hormone receptor status. Conclusions: This is the first report examining the IGF pathway and leptin in relation to ER status in premenopausal women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Our small number of cases suggests a number of intriguing findings that should be evaluated in larger studies. Determining links between ER status and IGFBP-3 and leptin may help better define risk factors and potentially appropriate interventions for ER-negative versus ER-positive breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Malaria affects children and pregnant women most [letter]
Authors: Starr M
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In the paper by A. Croft the focus was on preventing malaria in  travelers.  However it should be noted that malaria is more  common and more severe in children and pregnant women and clear  recommendations regarding prevention for these groups are crucial.   In determining the potential toxicity of drugs used for malaria  among children and pregnant women several studies on the use of  diethyltoluamide mefloquine and doxycycline to address the  problem of malaria in the specified groups are reviewed.  Overall  it was found that mefloquine is an acceptable choice for  prophylaxis in children from 3 months of age (weighing over 5 kg).   Whether it is safe in pregnancy remains unclear although  authorities recommend its use for prophylaxis beyond the first  trimester and state that it is safe for use during lactation.  In  terms of the use of diethyltoluamide this effective insect  repellent is recommended for use in children and pregnant women in  concentrations of up to 30%.  On the other hand it is advised  that drugs containing doxycycline not be used in children under 8  years old or in pregnant or lactating women.
Vitamin A and Lung Cancer<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: Curtis Mettlin, Ph.D., Saxon Graham, Ph.D.
 5, Mya Swanson, B.A.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Retrospective dietary and smoking data were gathered by interview of 292 white male patients with lung cancer and 801 control patients with nonrespiratory, nonneoplastic diseases at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York. A computed index of vitamin A intake was used to differentiate lung cancer patients from controls. Lung cancer patients had lower values than did controls. The reduced relative risk (RR) of lung cancer associated with vitamin A was most evident among men who smoked heavily. For them, a dose-response relationship increasing to an RR of 2.4 for low values of the index was observed. Frequency of daily milk drinking was lower among patients with lung cancer. Lower RR was found among the men who smoked heavily and frequently consumed carrots. These findings are consistent with evidence from animal studies on inhibition of tumor incidence by retinoids and with previous findings in prospective and retrospective epidemiologic studies.
Abstract 16608: A Randomized Study of Double-Dose versus Single-Dose Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Orly Vardeny, Matthew P Hermanson, John M Moran, Maryl R Johnson, Nancy K Sweitzer
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Influenza infection leads to increased morbidity in those with heart failure, and we’ve previously shown that heart failure patients (HF pts) exhibit reduced antibody responses to influ...
Immune Phenotype in Children with Mitochrondial Disease
Authors: Dat Q. Tran, Jessica Bunn, Rocio Vaglienty-Pena, Melissa S. Knight, Noemy Y. Contreras, Rahmat B. Adejumo, Syed S. Hashmi, Mary K. Koenig
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Cluster of Ebola Virus Disease Linked to a Single Funeral — Moyamba District, Sierra Leone, 2014
Authors: Kathryn G. Curran, James J. Gibson,, Dennis Marke,, Victor Caulker, John Bomeh, John T. Redd, Sudhir Bunga, Joan Brunkard, Peter H. Kilmarx
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

As of February 17, 2016, a total of 14,122 cases (62% confirmed) of Ebola Virus Disease (Ebola) and 3,955 Ebola-related deaths had been reported in Sierra Leone since the epidemic in West Africa began in 2014. A key focus of the Ebola response in Sierra Leone was the promotion and implementation of safe, dignified burials to prevent Ebola transmission by limiting contact with potentially infectious corpses. Traditional funeral practices pose a substantial risk for Ebola transmission through contact with infected bodies, body fluids, contaminated clothing, and other personal items at a time when viral load is high; however, the role of funeral practices in the Sierra Leone epidemic and ongoing Ebola transmission has not been fully characterized. In September 2014, a sudden increase in the number of reported Ebola cases occurred in Moyamba, a rural and previously low-incidence district with a population of approximately 260,000. The Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation and CDC investigated and implemented public health interventions to control this cluster of Ebola cases, including community engagement, active surveillance, and close follow-up of contacts. A retrospective analysis of cases that occurred during July 11-October 31, 2014, revealed that 28 persons with confirmed Ebola had attended the funeral of a prominent pharmacist during September 5-7, 2014. Among the 28 attendees with Ebola, 21 (75%) reported touching the man's corpse, and 16 (57%) reported having direct contact with the pharmacist before he died. Immediate, safe, dignified burials by trained teams with appropriate protective equipment are critical to interrupt transmission and control Ebola during times of active community transmission; these measures remain important during the current response phase.
Nevospheres from neurocutaneous melanocytosis cells show reduced viability when treated with specific inhibitors of<i>NRAS</i>signaling pathway
Authors: Dipanjan Basu, Cláudia M. Salgado, Bruce S. Bauer, Donald Johnson, Veronica Rundell, Marina Nikiforova, Yasmin Khakoo, Lorelei J. Gunwaldt, Ashok Panigrahy, Miguel Reyes-Múgica
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) is characterized by clonal nevomelanocytic proliferations in the CNS and skin. Given the scarcity of effective therapeutic targets, testing new drugs requires a reliable and reproducible in vitro cellular model of the disease. We generated nevomelanocytic spheroids in vitro from lesions of the spinal cord, brain, and skin from 4 NCM patients. Nevomelanocytic cells were grown as monolayers or spheroids and their growth characteristics were evaluated. Cultured cell identity was confirmed by demonstration of the same NRAS mutation found in the original lesions and by immunophenotyping. Nevomelanocytic spheroids were treated with inhibitors of specific mediators of the NRAS signaling pathway (vemurafenib, MEK162, GDC0941, and GSK2126458). Drug sensitivity and cell viability were assessed. Cultured cells were growth-factor dependent, grew as spheroids on Geltrex matrix, and maintained their clonogenicity in vitro over passages. Skin-derived cells formed more colonies than CNS-derived cells. Inhibitors of specific mediators of the NRAS signaling pathway reduced viability of NRAS mutated cells. The highest effect was obtained with GSK2126458, showing a viability reduction below 50%. NRAS mutated cells derived from clinical NCM samples are capable of continuous growth as spheroid colonies in vitro and retain their genetic identity. Drugs targeting the NRAS signaling pathway reduce in vitro viability of NCM cells. NCM lesional spheroids represent a new and reliable experimental model of NCM for use in drug testing and mechanistic studies.
P-122 Concurrent Chemotherapy and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) in carcinoma of the anal canal- Reduction of acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity
Authors: K. Yordanov, M.C. Valli, G. Pesce, N.C. Azinwi, F. Martucci, J.J. Stelmes, A. Richetti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Complications of acute leukemia. Case one: congenital acute myelogenous leukemia with cutaneous involvement.
Authors: H A Frangoul, K Patterson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.9.3199 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9738592 Complications of acute leukemia. Case one: congenital acute myelogenous leukemia with cutaneous involvement. H A FrangoulxH A FrangoulSearch for articles by this author , K PattersonxK PattersonSearch for articles by this author Show More Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.9.3199 First Page PDF © 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Abstract 318: Is Systolic Blood Pressure on Arrival at Hospital Associated with Survival to Discharge in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrests
Authors: Janet E Bray, Kate Cantwell, Stephen Bernard, Michael Stephenson, Karen Smith
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The optimal blood pressure target in patients with return-of-spontaneous-circulation (ROSC) following resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is uncertain. This study aimed to determine the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) on arrival at hospital and survival to hospital discharge. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted using data between 2003 and 2012 from the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Register (VACAR). Inclusion criteria were: adults (≥18 years), OHCA of presumed cardiac etiology, not paramedic witnessed, and pulse present on hospital arrival. Adjusted logistic regression models stratified by initial monitored rhythm (shockable and non-shockable) were performed to examine the relationship between SBP at hospital arrival in 10mmHg increments and outcome. The models were adjusted for factors known to predict survival, including duration of attempted EMS resuscitation. Results: There were 3620 OHCA eligible cases. Median age was 69 years (IQR=20), 70% were male, and 60% in a shockable rhythm on ambulance arrival. Hypotension (SBP&lt;90mmHg) at hospital was reported in 14% (10% in shockable and 19% in non-shockable rhythms). For patients initially in a shockable rhythm, survival was maximal at 120-129mmHg (54%) and in the adjusted model (using ≥120mmHg as reference) became significantly associated with mortality at increments below 90mmHg. In non-shockable patients, the relationship between arrival SBP and survival was linear, but was not significant after duration of the arrest was added to the model. Conclusions: In an EMS system using intravenous epinephrine and fluids to achieve and/or maintain post-ROSC SBP &gt;120mmHg, an SBP&lt;90mmHg on arrival to hospital was independently associated with increased mortality in shockable OHCAs. This level may indicate patients who require more aggressive post-resuscitation blood pressure management.
Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume Correlates With Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Valentina Parisi, Giuseppe Rengo, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi, Gennaro Pagano, Grazia Daniela Femminella, Stefania Paolillo, Laura Petraglia, Giuseppina Gambino, Aurelio Caruso, Maria Gabriella Grimaldi, Francesco Baldascino, Maria Nolano, Andrea Elia, Alessandro Cannavo, Antonio De Bellis, Enrico Coscioni, Teresa Pellegrino, Alberto Cuocolo, Nicola Ferrara, Dario Leosco
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

It has been reported that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may affect myocardial autonomic function.The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between EAT and cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure.In 110 patients with systolic heart failure, we evaluated the correlation between echocardiographic EAT thickness and cardiac adrenergic nerve activity assessed by (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG). The predictive value of EAT thickness on cardiac sympathetic denervation ((123)I-MIBG early and late heart:mediastinum ratio and single-photon emission computed tomography total defect score) was tested in a multivariate analysis. Furthermore, catecholamine levels, catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, and sympathetic nerve fibers were measured in EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies obtained from patients with heart failure who underwent cardiac surgery. EAT thickness correlated with (123)I-MIBG early and late heart:mediastinum ratio and single-photon emission computed tomography total defect score, but not with left ventricular ejection fraction. Moreover, EAT resulted as an independent predictor of (123)I-MIBG early and late heart:mediastinum ratio and single-photon emission computed tomography total defect score and showed a significant additive predictive value on (123)I-MIBG planar and single-photon emission computed tomography results over demographic and clinical data. Although no differences were found in sympathetic innervation between EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue, EAT showed an enhanced adrenergic activity demonstrated by the increased catecholamine levels and expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes.This study provides the first evidence of a direct correlation between increased EAT thickness and cardiac sympathetic denervation in heart failure.
Disruption of Glut1 in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Prevents Myelopoiesis and Enhanced Glucose Flux in Atheromatous Plaques of <i>ApoE</i> <sup>−/−</sup> Mice
Authors: Vincent Sarrazy, Manon Viaud, Marit Westerterp, Stoyan Ivanov, Sophie Giorgetti-Peraldi, Rodolphe Guinamard, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Edward B. Thorp, Darryl C. De Vivo, Laurent Yvan-Charvet
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Inflamed atherosclerotic plaques can be visualized by noninvasive positron emission and computed tomographic imaging with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose, a glucose analog, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.Here, we directly investigated the role of Glut1-mediated glucose uptake in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mouse model of atherosclerosis.We first showed that the enhanced glycolytic flux in atheromatous plaques of ApoE(-/-) mice was associated with the enhanced metabolic activity of hematopoietic stem and multipotential progenitor cells and higher Glut1 expression in these cells. Mechanistically, the regulation of Glut1 in ApoE(-/-) hematopoietic stem and multipotential progenitor cells was not because of alterations in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α signaling or the oxygenation status of the bone marrow but was the consequence of the activation of the common β subunit of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin-3 receptor driving glycolytic substrate utilization by mitochondria. By transplanting bone marrow from WT, Glut1(+/-), ApoE(-/-), and ApoE(-/-)Glut1(+/-) mice into hypercholesterolemic ApoE-deficient mice, we found that Glut1 deficiency reversed ApoE(-/-) hematopoietic stem and multipotential progenitor cell proliferation and expansion, which prevented the myelopoiesis and accelerated atherosclerosis of ApoE(-/-) mice transplanted with ApoE(-/-) bone marrow and resulted in reduced glucose uptake in the spleen and aortic arch of these mice.We identified that Glut1 connects the enhanced glucose uptake in atheromatous plaques of ApoE(-/-) mice with their myelopoiesis through regulation of hematopoietic stem and multipotential progenitor cell maintenance and myelomonocytic fate and suggests Glut1 as potential drug target for atherosclerosis.
Treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell head and neck carcinoma with a combination of vinorelbine, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil: A multicenter phase II trial
Authors: V Gebbia, G Mantovani, B Agostara, A Contu, A Farris, G Colucci, F Cognetti, G Restivo, R Speciale, B Ferrero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1995)