tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologic, Clinicopathologic, Diagnostic, and Management Challenges of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
Authors: Nicholas A. Ross, Hye-Jin Chung, Qiaoli Li, Jonathan P. Andrews, Matthew S. Keller, Jouni Uitto
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare papulosquamous disorder with limited epidemiologic and clinicopathologic data. Little information is available on long-term outcomes, comorbidities, and treatment efficacy. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate objective and subjective disease experience metrics from the perspectives of patients and clinicians. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> One hundred patients with a putative diagnosis of PRP and who elected to participate completed a comprehensive survey, followed by acquisition of their medical records, including histopathology slides and reports. The data were analyzed separately from the health care clinician and the patient perspectives. Two academic dermatologists examined clinical notes, pathology reports, and photographs, confirming diagnoses via predetermined criteria. Patients were categorized into 4 levels of diagnostic certainty to allow stratification of the findings for subgroup analysis. Patients with a diagnosis of PRP were solicited through patient support organization websites. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Clinical outcomes, unexpected association of comorbidities, and efficacy (or lack of it) of various treatment modalities. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 100 patients, 50 were diagnosed as having classic, unquestionable PRP. The patients were a median of 61 years old (range, 5-87 years), and 46% were female. Fifty were categorized as level 1 diagnostic certainty, 15 as level 2, 30 as level 3, and 5 as level 4. Of the level 1 patients, 13 (26%) were correctly diagnosed at initial presentation; diagnosis was delayed, on average, by 29 months (range, 0.25-288 months; median, 2 months); and 27 (54%) having undergone 2 or more biopsies. At enrollment, PRP symptoms had persisted in 36 patients (72%) for an average of 58 months (range, 1-300 months; median, 30 months). Thirty-one patients (62%) had comorbidities, including hypothyroidism (20%). Nearly all patients (98%) received some form of therapy. Patients cited topical emollients, corticosteroids, and salicylic acid along with oral retinoids, methotrexate, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors as most helpful. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Pityriasis rubra pilaris remains a challenging diagnosis without established and specific treatment. Our data highlight new potential avenues for research with therapeutic perspective.
HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Mimics the Membrane Adaptor Syntenin PDZ to Gain Access to ESCRTs and Promote Virus Budding
Authors: Paola Sette, Sarah K. O’Connor, V. Siddartha Yerramilli, Vincent Dussupt, Kunio Nagashima, Kasana Chutiraka, Jaisri Lingappa, Suzanne Scarlata, Fadila Bouamr
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2016)
What explains Germany’s new role in global health?
Authors: Ilona Kickbusch
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Chancellor Merkel is central but political commitment goes deeper

For many people inside and outside Germany the country’s high level political activity on global health is a surprise. What are the reasons behind Germany’s leadership in global health? Is it genuine? Four intersecting factors are at play here: Germany’s new role in the world; its commitment to working with other countries through international organisations and the European Union; a strategic multisectoral and partnership based approach; and Chancellor Merkel’s personal commitment. Germany has used existing and emerging political opportunities astutely to both position itself and move the global health agenda forward. 

The increased activity in global health must be understood in a political context that has forced Germany to reconsider its position in Europe and the world. Since the heavy burden of history from two world wars initiated by Germany, the country has not sought political leadership or a new international role.1

The German president, Joachim Gauck, recently stated: “We Germans are advancing towards a form of responsibility that has not yet become routine for us . . . I don’t believe that Germany can simply carry on as before in the face of these developments.”2 He argues that a globalised Germany benefits from an open world order which “allows Germany to reconcile interests with …
The Pus Pioneers
Authors: Misty Gamble, Bridget Kaufman, Scott Norton
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole versus Placebo for Uncomplicated Skin Abscess
Authors: David A. Talan, William R. Mower, Anusha Krishnadasan, Fredrick M. Abrahamian, Frank Lovecchio, David J. Karras, Mark T. Steele, Richard E. Rothman, Rebecca Hoagland, Gregory J. Moran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

U.S. emergency department visits for cutaneous abscess have increased with the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The role of antibiotics for patients with a drained abscess is unclear.
Characterization of programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of lung cancer
Authors: Rachel Krupa, David Lu, Ryon Graf, Jessica Louw, Lyndsey Dugan, Adam Jendrisak, Kelly Bethel, Yipeng Wang, Dena Marrinucci, Ryan Dittamore
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Evidence for gene conversion in the amylase multigene family of Drosophila pseudoobscura.
Authors: A Popadić, W W Anderson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

The alpha-amylase (Amy) multigene family in Drosophila pseudoobscura is located on the third chromosome, which is polymorphic for more than 40 inverted gene arrangements. The number of copies in this family ranges from one to three, depending on the arrangement in question. A previous study of the three Amy genes from the Standard (ST) arrangement suggested either that duplicated copies (Amy2 and Amy3) are functionally constrained or that they are undergoing gene conversion with Amy1. In order to elucidate further the pattern of molecular evolution in this family, we cloned and sequenced four additional Amy genes, two from the Santa Cruz (SC) and two from the Chiricahua (CH) gene arrangement. Of the two alternatives, only the hypothesis of gene conversion is supported by the sequence analysis. The homogenization effect of gene conversion has been strongest in SC, whose copies differ by only two nucleotides, less noticeable in ST, and negligible in the CH. Furthermore, the action of gene conversion is apparently localized, occurring only in the coding region. Interestingly, these results concur with the findings of other workers for the duplicated Amy genes in the Drosophila melanogaster group. Thus, the occurrence of gene conversion in the Amy multigene family seems to be a common feature in the Drosophila species studied so far.
History That Will Make Your Skin Crawl—Insect Use in Dermatology
Authors: Anna Augustin
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Abstract 13315: The Effect of a Community-based Health Literacy-enhanced Behavioral Intervention in Korean American Seniors With High Blood Pressure
Authors: Miyong Kim, Kim B Kim, Haera Han, Boyun Huh, Tam Nguyen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Great strides have been made in improving the nation’s heart health during the last two decades, health disparities still exist within many ethnic minority populations. These individual...
Keeping up with the cancer literature--PDQ ACCESS.
Authors: D J Perry, E M Sloane, S M Hubbard, D E Tingley, V T DeVita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Physician Data Query (PDQ) (National Cancer Institute [NCI], Bethesda, MD) and CANCERLIT (NCI, Bethesda, MD) are two online cancer information databases. PDQ summarizes current cancer therapy literature into specific treatment recommendations. CANCERLIT is a bibliographic system similar to MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine [NLM], Bethesda, MD) that provides a comprehensive source of literature citations for the field of cancer. In this report, we discuss linking PDQ and CANCERLIT with PDQ ACCESS (NCI, Bethesda, MD)--a custom software package that makes searching the cancer literature easy for the practicing physician unfamiliar with database searching.
Imatinib (IM) Plus Thalidomide (Thali), A Effective Combination For The Treatment Of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Philadelphia ChromosomePositive (Ph +) In IM-Resistant Disease. Report Of 14 New Cases From A Single Center In Mexico
Authors: Rafael Hurtado Monroy, Pablo Vargas-Viveros, Eduardo Cervera Ceballos, Judith Cruz Velazquez, Silvia Carrillo Munos
Journal: Blood (2013)
Effect of a small molecule inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway on self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: H. Colman, K. Sai, S. Wang, S. Popoff, K. D. Aldape, F. F. Lang, C. A. Conrad, T. Madden, A. Yung, W. Priebe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2003 Background: Recent data indicate that initiation and maintenance of several cancers including glioblastoma (GBM) may be driven by a small subset of cells called tumor stem cells. A key feature necessary to maintain stem cells is self-renewal. However, the mechanisms underlying GBM stem cell (GSC) self-renewal remain unknown. We identified STAT3 as a key transcription factor associated with poor outcome and treatment resistance in GBM. STAT3 is also an important regulator of self-renewal in several stem cell types. We thus tested the hypothesis that targeting STAT3 with a novel small molecule inhibitor would block GSC self-renewal. Methods: GSC neurosphere cultures from 12 human GBM tumors were expanded under serum free conditions. Self-renewal of GSCs was quantified by neurosphere formation efficiency. Synthesis and analysis of over 150 caffeic acid analogs was performed to identify the novel and potent STAT3 inhibitor WP1193. Results: Western blot analysis demonstrated that STAT3 was activated and phosphorylated (ser727 and tyr705) at high levels in 10 out of 12 GSC neurosphere cultures undergoing self-renewal. Treatment of GSCs with WP1193 at increasing concentrations from 0 to 10uM resulted in a dose dependent decrease in cell proliferation and neurosphere formation in all GSC lines tested, with an associated decrease in both total and phosphorylated STAT3. Treatment with WP1193 at 5uM for 48 hrs was sufficient to completely eliminate self-renewal and neurosphere formation at 14 days under limiting dilution conditions versus untreated controls (control neurosphere formation efficiency 12–40%). Quantitative RT-PCR and FACS analysis of CD133, a putative marker of GBM stem cells, showed a significant depletion of CD133 positive cells after WP1193 treatment (>5uM). Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that WP1193 treatment also significantly reduced the number of cells in S-Phase and significantly increased G1 arrest compared to matched controls of untreated or temozolomide treated GSCs. Conclusions: These data indicate that STAT3 is potentially important regulator of GSC self-renewal that is also associated treatment resistance in GBM. WP1193 is a potent inhibitor of GSC self-renewal and is a promising agent for therapeutically targeting GSCs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Human evolutionary history and contemporary evolutionary theory provide insight when assessing cultural group selection
Authors: Agustin Fuentes, Marc Kissel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Richerson et al. provide a much needed roadmap for assessing cultural group selection (CGS) theory and for applying it to understanding variation between contemporary human groups. However, the current proposal lacks connection to relevant evidence from the human evolutionary record and requires a better integration with contemporary evolutionary theory. The article also misapplies the F st statistic.
Effectiveness and safety of meropenem/clavulanate-containing regimens in the treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB
Authors: Simon Tiberi, Marie-Christine Payen, Giovanni Sotgiu, Lia D'Ambrosio, Valentina Alarcon Guizado, Jan Willem Alffenaar, Marcos Abdo Arbex, Jose A. Caminero, Rosella Centis, Saverio De Lorenzo, Mina Gaga, Gina Gualano, Aurora Jazmín Roby Arias, Anna Scardigli, Alena Skrahina, Ivan Solovic, Giorgia Sulis, Marina Tadolini, Onno W. Akkerman, Edith Alarcon Arrascue, Alena Aleska, Vera Avchinko, Eduardo Henrique Bonini, Félix Antonio Chong Marín, Lorena Collahuazo López, Gerard de Vries, Simone Dore, Heinke Kunst, Alberto Matteelli, Charalampos Moschos, Fabrizio Palmieri, Apostolos Papavasileiou, Antonio Spanevello, Dante Vargas Vasquez, Pietro Viggiani, Veronica White, Alimuddin Zumla, Giovanni Battista Migliori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

No large study has ever evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of meropenem/clavulanate to treat multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR- and XDR-TB). The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the therapeutic contribution, effectiveness, safety and tolerability profile of meropenem/clavulanate added to a background regimen when treating MDR- and XDR-TB cases. Patients treated with a meropenem/clavulanate-containing regimen (n=96) showed a greater drug resistance profile than those exposed to a meropenem/clavulanate-sparing regimen (n=168): in the former group XDR-TB was more frequent (49% versus 6.0%, p&lt;0.0001) and the median (interquartile range (IQR)) number of antibiotic resistances was higher (8 (6–9) versus 5 (4–6)). Patients were treated with a meropenem/clavulanate-containing regimen for a median (IQR) of 85 (49–156) days. No statistically significant differences were observed in the overall MDR-TB cohort and in the subgroups with and without the XDR-TB patients; in particular, sputum smear and culture conversion rates were similar in XDR-TB patients exposed to meropenem/clavulanate-containing regimens (88.0% versus 100.0%, p=1.00 and 88.0% versus 100.0%, p=1.00, respectively). Only six cases reported adverse events attributable to meropenem/clavulanate (four of them then restarting treatment). The nondifferent outcomes and bacteriological conversion rate observed in cases who were more severe than controls might imply that meropenem/clavulanate could be active in treating MDR- and XDR-TB cases.
Atopic dermatitis phenotype with early onset and high serum IL-13 is linked to the new development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in school children
Authors: E. Lee, S. H. Lee, J. W. Kwon, Y. H. Kim, H. J. Cho, S. I. Yang, Y. H. Jung, H. Y. Kim, J. H. Seo, B. J. Kim, H. B. Kim, S. Y. Lee, H. J. Kwon, S. J. Hong
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical spectrum, and some forms of AD are associated with the initial steps of allergic march. The aims of this study were to determine AD phenotypes in school-age children and investigate their associations with the allergic march in each cluster.We included 242 children (6-8 years) with current AD from the Children's HEalth and Environmental Research study, a 4-year prospective follow-up study with 2-year survey intervals. Latent class analysis was used. Serum IL-13 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels at the time of enrollment were measured using ELISA.We identified four current AD phenotypes in children, characterized as 'early onset with low atopy' (26.4% of the sample; group 1), 'early onset with high atopy and high eosinophil percentages' (48.3%; group 2), 'late onset with low atopy' (9.9%; group 3), and 'late onset with high atopy and normal eosinophils' (15.3%; group 4). Although groups 2 and 4 demonstrated high atopic burden, children in group 2 showed the persistence of AD and eosinophilia associated with a high prevalence of new cases of bronchial hyper-responsiveness and asthma symptoms during follow-up. The serum IL-13 level was significantly increased in the early-onset AD groups, but there was no significant difference in the serum TSLP levels across all four groups.An allergic march-associated AD phenotype exists that is characterized by early onset of AD with its persistence, increased serum IL-13 levels, high atopy, and a persistently increased blood eosinophil percentage.
Lipid Metabolism and Enzyme Activities in Hormone-Dependent and Hormone-Independent Mammary Adenocarcinoma in GR Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: S Abraham, P Briand, F N Hansen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Lipid metabolism in hormone-dependent (HD) GR mouse mammary tumors was compared to that in hormone-independent (HI) tumors and normal mammary tissues. HD tumors, like normal mammary tissue but unlike HI tumors, synthesized medium-chain-length fatty acids (MCFA). However, when treated with hormones (estrone and progesterone), the HI tumors were induced to produce MCFA. The activity of thioesterase II correlated positively with the synthesis of MCFA and was influenced by the hormones administered. The activities of NADP+-linked malate dehydrogenase, citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthetase, although lower in tumors than in normal glands, were not different in HD as compared to HI tumors. Whereas the predominating lipids synthesized in normal glands were triglycerides, phospholipids comprised about half of the lipid synthesized in the tumors, with no difference between HD and HI tumors. The conversion of D-[U-14C]glucose to 14CO2 was higher in HD tumors than in HI tumors but increased in HI tumors treated with hormones in vivo. By a comparison of the 14CO2 produced from D-[1-14C]glucose and from D-[6-14C]glucose in the presence and absence of an electron acceptor (methylene blue), it was demonstrated that regeneration of NADP+ from NADPH was a rate-limiting step for the pentose phosphate pathway in the tumors. Hence, while differences in the lipid metabolism can be demonstrated between HD and HI GR mouse mammary tumors, some of the changes are due to the hormone treatment rather than to a specific alteration in the tumor itself.
Amoxicillin concentrations in sputum in relation to betalactamase activity in COPD patients
Authors: Rogier van der Zanden, Paul van der Valk, Ron Hendrix, Job van der Palen, Kris Movig, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: COPD exacerbations are often treated with antibiotics, although their use is controversial. A previous study showed that patients with a sputum concentration of amoxicillin (a beta-lactam antibiotic) lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90, value 2 mg/l) were hospitalized 4 days longer then patients with a concentration ≥MIC90. One explanation for a low amoxicillin concentration could be that patients' lungs are colonized or infected with pathogens that have beta-lactamase activity.

Objective: This study investigated if beta-lactamase activity was higher in patients who had a sputum amoxicillin concentration <2 mg/l than in patients with a concentration ≥2 mg/l.

Methods: 23 Hospitalized COPD patients treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for an acute exacerbation were included. Sputum and serum samples were collected at the third day of treatment to determine beta-lactamase activity in sputum and amoxicillin concentrations in both sputum and serum.

Results: We found no difference in beta-lactamase activity between patients with a sputum amoxicillin concentration <MIC90 and ≥MIC90 (p=0.79). Amoxicillin concentrations were <MIC90 in 18 out of 23 sputum samples (78%). Serum concentrations amoxicillin were <MIC90 in 7 patients (30%).

Conclusions: Beta-lactamase activity did not differ between patients with sputum amoxicillin concentrations <MIC90 or ≥MIC90. The finding that a majority of patients had a sputum amoxicillin concentration <MIC90 is troubling. This suggests that these patients are being undertreated. Further research could focus on inhalation of amoxicillin to obtain higher concentrations in sputum.
Community viral load, antiretroviral therapy coverage, and HIV incidence in India: a cross-sectional, comparative study
Authors: Sunil Suhas Solomon, Shruti H Mehta, Allison M McFall, Aylur K Srikrishnan, Shanmugam Saravanan, Oliver Laeyendecker, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, David D Celentano, Suniti Solomon, Gregory M Lucas
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2016)