tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlates of accuracy in the assessment of psychiatric inpatients' risk of violence
Authors: D E McNiel, R L Binder
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors evaluated characteristics of patients whom clinicians accurately assessed as being at high or low risk for violence and patients for whom clinicians overestimated or underestimated the risk.At admission, physicians estimated the probability that each of 226 psychiatric inpatients would physically attack someone during the first week of hospitalization. Nurses rated assaultive behavior in the hospital with the Overt Aggression Scale. Acute symptoms were rated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.For the group as a whole, assessed levels of risk were substantially related to later physical aggression (sensitivity = 67%, specificity = 69%). Multinomial logit analysis showed that patients with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, organic psychotic conditions, and mania were more likely to be accurately assessed by clinicians as being at high risk (true positives) than to be true negatives or false positives. A recent history of violence was associated with higher estimated risk but did not distinguish true positives from false positives. An admission mental status characterized by low levels of hostility, uncooperativeness, and suspiciousness and high levels of depression, guilt, and anxiety differentiated true negative patients from others, but symptom profiles did not differ among true positives, false positives, and false negatives. Clinical judgments emphasizing gender and race/ethnicity were associated with predictive errors: nonwhite and male patients tended to be false positives.While clinicians can accurately classify the potential for violence in the majority of patients at admission, systematic errors characterize inaccurate assessments of the risk. Awareness of these patterns may help improve assessment of the risk of violence in clinical practice.
Neural Cells: Mobile Microplates for Morphological Control and Assembly of Individual Neural Cells (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2016)
Authors: Shotaro Yoshida, Tetsuhiko Teshima, Kaori Kuribayashi‐Shigetomi, Shoji Takeuchi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Individual neural cells on micro-sized plates are morphologically controlled, mobilized, and utilized as building blocks of a neural circuit. On p. 415, S. Takeuchi and co-workers show how the mobile microplate device enables precise positioning of individual neural cell bodies and neurites in a reproducible fashion, which potentially allows neuroengineers to design the geometry of cultured neural circuits (Cover design: Akiko Sato).
Repetitive Application of Sunscreen Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Human Skin
Authors: Sergio G. Coelho, Anil K. Patri, Anna M. Wokovich, Scott E. McNeil, Paul C. Howard, Sharon A. Miller
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has for decades been approved for use in sunscreens as a physical sunblock.It is not known whether reducing the size of TiO 2 particles in sunscreens creates new issues of safety and/or effectiveness.A study was therefore conducted to investigate the relative risk of skin penetration by TiO 2 nanoparticles in healthy fairskinned individuals.
A phase II clinical trial of four cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by weekly paclitaxel given concurrently with pazopanib as neoadjuvant therapy followed by postoperative pazopanib for women with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC): A phase II trial of the NSABP Foundation Research Group (FB-6/VEG110264).
Authors: P. Rastogi, M. E. Buyse, A. R. Tan, S. A. Jacobs, S. M. Swain, C. E. Geyer, N. Wolmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS107 Background: Bevacizumab with chemotherapy improves progression-free survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer (Miller K et al. N Engl J Med. 2007 Dec 27;357[26]:2666-76.) Inhibition of the VEGFR pathway appears to be an effective treatment strategy in metastatic breast cancer. Pazopanib is an oral small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-alpha, PDFGR-beta, and c-kit. A phase I study of pazopanib in combination with weekly paclitaxel defined the optimally tolerated regimen as 80 mg/m2 of paclitaxel and 800 mg of pazopanib. Clinical activity at these doses demonstrated a PR in 5/16 (31%) patients and stable disease > 8 weeks in 10/16 (63%) patients (Tan A JCO 26: 2008 (May 20 suppl; abstr 3552). The purpose of this trial is to determine the activity and safety profile of pazopanib with chemotherapy in women with LABC. Methods: Women with HER2-negative LABC will receive preoperative standard AC on day 1 every 21 days for four cycles. This is followed by weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days for four cycles given concurrently with pazopanib 800 mg po daily starting with the first paclitaxel dose. Postoperatively, pazopanib will be given 800 mg po daily for 6 months. The primary endpoint is pathologic complete response rate (pCR) in the breast and lymph nodes. One hundred patients will be enrolled in this study. As of January 2010, 10 patients have been enrolled in this trial. This clinical trial is being conducted through the support of GlaxoSmithKline. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration IDDI GlaxoSmithKline IDDI GlaxoSmithKline
Gender and quality of life for colorectal cancer survivors with an ostomy
Authors: R. S. Krouse, L. J. Herrinton, M. Grant, C. S. Wendel, S. B. Green, C. M. Baldwin, C. K. McMullen, E. Matayoshi, S. J. Coons, M. C. Hornbrook
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

9525 Background: Intestinal stomas can pose significant challenges for colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Specifying common challenges and sub-group differences will further the development of tailored interventions to improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for survivors with an ostomy. Methods: This matched cross-sectional study collected survey and medical records data from CRC survivors in three regions of Kaiser Permanente (Northern California, Northwest, and Hawaii). The survey instrument included the modified City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy (mCOH-QOL-Ostomy) and SF-36v2 questionnaires. Eligible colorectal cancer patients were at least five years beyond diagnosis. Two groups of CRC survivors were surveyed: those with a permanent ostomy (cases) and those that did not require an ostomy (controls). Survivors were matched on tumor site (rectum vs. colon), gender, age, and time since diagnosis. To identify differences in HRQOL associated with having an ostomy, outcomes were compared between the two groups using regression analysis with adjustment for tumor site (rectum vs. colon), age, comorbidity score, income, and work status. Results: Our response rate was 52 percent (675/1304). Cases and controls had similar demographic characteristics. Men and women showed significant differences in the relationship between ostomy and HRQOL and are reported separately. Based on the mCOH-QOL-Ostomy, both male and female cases had significantly worse social well-being compared to controls, while only female cases showed significantly worse overall HRQOL and psychological well-being. Based on the SF-36v2, statistically significant and clinically meaningful differences between female cases and controls were observed for scores on seven of the eight scales and on the standardized summary scores. For men, mental health was statistically significantly lower for cases than for controls, but the difference did not reach a meaningful level. Conclusions: CRC survivors with an ostomy experience multiple HRQOL challenges compared to persons who never had an ostomy, even five years beyond the diagnosis. Men and women report a different profile of challenges, suggesting the need for targeted or gender-specific interventions to improve HRQOL in this population. [Table: see text]
Obesity, patient characteristics, and TIMP-1: Effects on non-bone RFS in NCIC CTG MA.14.
Authors: J. W. Chapman, S. M. Ali, A. Lipton, K. Leitzel, K. I. Pritchard, L. Han, W. P. Carney, C. F. Wilson, L. E. Shepherd, M. N. Pollak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

562 Background: High TIMP-1 levels have been associated with decreased benefit from chemotherapy in premenopausal N+ women (Shrohl, et al., SABCS 2008, Abstract # 6054) and response to aromatase inhibitors in breast metastatic setting (Lipton, et al., JCO, 2008). In the adjuvant setting,we postulated that pretrial chemotherapy altered TIMP-1 levels, or lead to sensitivity to adjuvant hormonal therapy. Observations in rats offers a different possibility, that obesity is associated with high TIMP-1 levels. Methods: NCIC CTG MA.14 is a trial where 667 postmenopausal patients were randomized to receive adjuvant tamoxifen ± octreotide LAR with a stratification factor of no, concurrent or sequential chemotherapy. Serum TIMP-1 was assessed on 621 of 667 (93.1%) of the trial patients. We used exact Fisher tests to examine associations of baseline obesity and other patient characteristics with TIMP-1, categorized as < 454, > = 454 ng/mL, based on 95% non-parametric cut-point for healthy post-menopausal females. Step-wise forward Cox regressions adjusted for MA.14 stratification factors were used to assess the significance of factor interactions with TIMP-1; a factor was added to the model if the likelihood ratio criterion was significant (p ≤ 0.05). Results: TIMP-1 was significantly associated (p = 0.01) with BMI (split at median), regardless of whether chemotherapy was given before trial therapy. Likewise, TIMP-1 was significantly associated with pathologic T (0, 1, in situ versus 2, 3A, 4, unknown) when chemotherapy was given before the trial (p = 0.05), or never or after trial accrual (p = 0.03). TIMP-1 was associated (p = 0.03) with age (< 60, ≥ 60) when chemotherapy was given before recruitment. Only the interaction of TIMP-1 with type of surgery (total versus other or segmental) significantly (p = 0.01) impacted non-bone RFS. Conclusions: TIMP-1 was associated with the host factors BMI, pathologic T and age; its interactive impact on non-bone RFS was through extent of surgery, and previously prior chemotherapy. Thus, we conjecture that TIMP-1 levels are modifiable, requiring contextual placement for interpretation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Oncogene Science/Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Abraxis BioScience, Amgen, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Ortho Biotech, Pfizer, Roche, sanofi-aventis, YM BioSciences Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Oncogene Science, Ortho Biotech, Pfizer, sanofi-aventis, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, YM BioSciences Astra Zeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, sanofi-aventis AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Ortho Biotech, Pfizer, Roche, sanofi-aventis, YM BioSciences
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor–Induced Comobilization of CD4−CD8− T Cells and Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (CD34+) in the Blood of Normal Donors
Authors: Claus R. Kusnierz-Glaz, Beverley J. Still, Masahiko Amano, Jazil D. Zukor, Robert S. Negrin, Karl G. Blume, Samuel Strober
Journal: Blood (1997)
Meta-analyses of the association between <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> and ocular adnexal lymphoma and the response of ocular adnexal lymphoma to antibiotics
Authors: A. Husain, D. Roberts, B. Pro, P. McLaughlin, B. Esmaeli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

8090 Background: There are conflicting reports regarding the association between Chlamydia psittaci (Cps) and ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and the efficacy of antibiotics for OAL. We sought to clarify the association between Cps and OAL and the efficacy of antibiotics for OAL. Methods: We conducted 2 meta-analyses. One focused on Cps association with OAL across geographic regions and among different studies. The other was a meta-analysis of responses to antibiotic treatment. Results: We identified 10 studies of Cps prevalence which included 430 cases of OAL from 10 different countries. We found 4 studies on the efficacy of oral antibiotics to treat OAL. Ninety-six (22%) of the 430 OAL specimens and 78 (26%) of the 305 MALT lymphoma specimens were positive for Cps. Ninety-four (98%) of the 96 Cps-positive OAL specimens came from 3 of the 10 studies. There was wide variation between geographic regions and even between studies from the same geographic region in the rate of Cps positivity. The 4 studies on the efficacy of antibiotics for OAL were from Italy, Austria, Taiwan, and the United States and included 24 patients. Eleven patients (46%) had some response (complete response in 4, partial response in 3, minimal response in 4). Twelve patients had stable disease, and 1 patient progressed during antibiotic therapy. Objective documentation of response (radiographs or clinical slit-lamp photographs) was available for only 2 out of 24 patients. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a striking variability in the association of Cps and OAL across geographic regions and even between studies from the same geographic regions. The overall rate of Cps positivity in our meta- analysis (22%) was much lower than that reported in the original report by Ferrari et al. Our findings also suggest that antibiotics have low efficacy against OAL. Future prospective trials with standard objective response criteria and a longer follow-up time would be necessary to further evaluate the role of antibiotics in the treatment of OAL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The management of vulvar Paget's disease in 376 Caucasian and 283 Asian patients: Analysis of patient age and interval between symptoms and treatment.
Authors: T. Hoshino, N. Ogoh, H. Fujii, T. Tsukie, Y. Imai, M. Kita, M. Kokubo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e12057 Background: Vulvar Paget's disease is difficult to diagnose early because this is a rare disease with an incidence of 10 patients per one million females per year and often ocurrs in elderly women aged 60-70 years old. A randomized controlled trial, meta-analysis and evidence-based medicine are not suitable methods of improving the prognosis of this disease. Vulvar Paget's disease is an adenocarcinoma in situ and a malignant disease. Since early diagnosis and treatment is necessary to improve prognosis, we extracted the causes of late diagnosis and proposals to improve prognosis from the literature. Methods: Literature review was performed through Japana Centra Revuo Medicina and PubMed. Ten articles including our study on 283 Asian women and seven articles on 363 Caucasian women were collected and examined according to patient age, interval between the initial symptom and the start of therapy, reason for delay in treatment and measures to prevent delay. Results: The mean age was 69.2 years (min∼max: 41∼88) in Asian women and 67.8 years (35∼88) in Caucasian women. The interval between the initial symptom and treatment was 3.38 years (0.0∼17.0) in Asian women and 1.93 years (0.1∼16.0) in Caucasian women. Many authors indicated the delay between the initial symptoms to treatment was related with patient age, slight initial symptoms of the disease, slow progression and resemblance to eczema, mycosis and dermatitis. They also indicated that awareness of the disease among patients and doctors should be increased in order to promote early diagnosis. Conclusions: The mean patient age did not significantly differ among Asian and Caucasian women. The interval before treatment was longer for Asian women than for Caucasian women, because red exanthema was more easily distinguished on white skin than on pigmented skin. As a gynecologist, we must consider this disease a malignancy and provide rapid diagnosis in order to begin treatment without delay. Moreover, since there are some patients who rely on self-medication or folk medicine rather than consulting a doctor, education about the existence of vulvar Paget's disease must also be provided to the general public. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
NHS deficits will persist for years, experts warn
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The current deficits that NHS trusts have accrued are likely to exist for several years, health policy experts have told MPs.

The scale of the problem is so great that balancing the books is unlikely in the foreseeable future, MPs on the parliamentary health committee heard during an evidence session for their inquiry into the impact of the government’s comprehensive spending review on health and social care.

Health think tanks that appeared before the committee on 23 February predicted that trusts would struggle to find the £22bn (€28bn; $31bn) in efficiency savings by 2020-21 that the government expects of them, despite the extra money promised for the NHS in last year’s spending review. …
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B dephosphorylates PITX1 and regulates p120RasGAP in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wei‐Tien Tai, Yao‐Li Chen, Pei‐Yi Chu, Li‐Ju Chen, Man‐Hsin Hung, Chung‐Wai Shiau, Jui‐Wen Huang, Ming‐Hsien Tsai, Kuen‐Feng Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

The effective therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma remain limited. Pituitary homeobox 1 (PITX1) functions as a tumor suppressor in hepatocarcinogenesis by regulating the expression level of Ras guanosine triphosphatase‐activating protein. Here, we report that protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) directly dephosphorylated PITX1 at Y160, Y175, and Y179 to further weaken the protein stability of PITX. The PTP1B‐dependent decline of PITX1 reduced its transcriptional activity for p120RasGAP (RASA1), a Ras guanosine triphosphatase‐activating protein. Both silencing of PTP1B and PTP1B inhibitor up‐regulated the PITX1‐p120RasGAP axis through hyperphosphorylation of PITX1. Sorafenib, the first and only targeted drug approved for hepatocellular carcinoma, directly decreased PTP1B activity and promoted the expression of PITX1 and p120RasGAP by PITX1 hyperphosphorylation. Molecular docking also supported the potential interaction between PTP1B and sorafenib. PTP1B overexpression impaired the sensitivity of sorafenib in vitro and in vivo , implying that PTP1B has a significant effect on sorafenib‐induced apoptosis. In sorafenib‐treated tumor samples, we further found inhibition of PTP1B activity and up‐regulation of the PITX1‐p120RasGAP axis, suggesting that PTP1B inhibitor may be effective for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. By immunohistochemical staining of hepatic tumor tissue from 155 patients, the expression of PTP1B was significantly in tumor parts higher than nontumor parts ( P = 0.02). Furthermore, high expression of PTP1B was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation ( P = 0.031). Conclusion: PTP1B dephosphorylates PITX1 to weaken its protein stability and the transcriptional activity for p120RasGAP gene expression and acts as a determinant of the sorafenib‐mediated drug effect; targeting the PITX1‐p120RasGAP axis with a PTP1B inhibitor may provide a new therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. (H epatology 2016;63:1528‐1543)
Linezolid tolerability in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a retrospective study
Authors: Mathieu S. Bolhuis, Simon Tiberi, Giovanni Sotgiu, Saverio De Lorenzo, Jos G.W. Kosterink, Tjip S. van der Werf, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Linezolid is used off-label to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) [1, 2]. Recently, two systematic reviews and meta-analyses pointed out its promising efficacy [3, 4]. However, linezolid toxicity may outweigh its potential benefits. Indeed, adverse events were notified in almost 60% of the treated cases, with a high incidence of severe events such as anaemia, peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis, and thrombocytopenia. Decreased linezolid doses were associated with significantly lowered toxicity [5]. Furthermore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has increasingly been recognised as an asset in the field of TB treatment [6, 7]. TDM may assess individual linezolid exposure, especially since the drug shows a large inter-individual variability [8] and important pharmacological interactions were observed [6]. However, there is no clear association between linezolid exposure and adverse events. Drug exposure is not routinely evaluated, either in prospective studies or in routine care. Unfortunately, TDM is not routinely incorporated into the study designs of research upon MDR-TB and linezolid [9, 10]. Therefore, we aimed to retrospectively investigate linezolid safety and tolerability in relation to linezolid exposure in MDR-TB patients. Linezolid for MDR-TB is well tolerated but peripheral neuropathy is related to cumulative dose and days of exposure <http://ow.ly/Nx8wC>
Outcome of children less than three years old at diagnosis with non-metastatic medulloblastoma treated with chemotherapy on the “Head Start” I and II protocols: Final report
Authors: G. Dhall, H. Grodman, L. Ji, S. Sands, S. Gardner, J. Allen, R. Sposto, J. Finlay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9507 Background: The use of dose-intensive chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic cell rescue (AuHCR) is a potentially curative approach to the management of infants and young children with non-metastatic (M-0) medulloblastoma, with the additional benefit of avoiding the late effects of irradiation. We report the results of the “Head Start” I (1991 to 1997) and “Head Start” II (1997 to 2002) clinical trials, using this approach, to treat children with M-0 medulloblastoma, who were less than three years of age at diagnosis. Methods: Twenty one children were enrolled on these two serial studies. After surgery, patients received a uniform induction chemotherapy regimen consisting of five cycles of vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide. Following completion of induction, all patients underwent myeloablative consolidation chemotherapy using carboplatin, thiotepa and etoposide followed by AuHCR, and did not receive irradiation. Irradiation was used only at relapse. Quality of life (QoL) and social and emotional behavior were evaluated on “Head Start” I, and cognitive functioning was evaluated on “Head Start” II survivors. Results: The five-year event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates (±SE) for all patients, patients with gross total resection, and patients with residual tumor were 52 ± 11% and 70 ± 10%, 64 ± 13% and 79 ± 17%, and 29 ± 17% and 57 ± 19%, respectively. The five-year EFS and OS (±SE) for patients with desmoplastic and classical medulloblastoma were 67 ± 16% and 78 ± 14%, and 42 ± 14 and 67 ± 14%, respectively. Young age (&lt;2 years versus 2 to 3 years) at diagnosis did not appear to impact adversely upon outcome. There were four treatment related deaths. A majority of survivors (71%) avoided irradiation altogether. Neuropsychological functioning in children surviving without irradiation was well within the normal range for most patients. Conclusions: The strategy of brief intensive chemotherapy without irradiation for young children with M-0 medulloblastoma has eliminated the need for craniospinal irradiation in over half (52%) of the patients, with preservation of QoL and cognitive functioning in the majority. No significant financial relationships to disclose.