tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Four-Year Longitudinal Course of Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: The Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) Study
Authors: Boris Birmaher, David Axelson, Benjamin Goldstein, Michael Strober, Mary Kay Gill,, Jeffrey Hunt, Patricia Houck, Wonho Ha, Satish Iyengar, Eunice Kim, Shirley Yen, Heather Hower, Christianne Esposito-Smythers, Tina Goldstein, Neal Ryan, Martin Keller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

The authors sought to assess the longitudinal course of youths with bipolar spectrum disorders over a 4-year period.At total of 413 youths (ages 7-17 years) with bipolar I disorder (N=244), bipolar II disorder (N=28), and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (N=141) were enrolled in the study. Symptoms were ascertained retrospectively on average every 9.4 months for 4 years using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation. Rates and time to recovery and recurrence and week-by-week symptomatic status were analyzed.Approximately 2.5 years after onset of their index episode, 81.5% of the participants had fully recovered, but 1.5 years later 62.5% had a syndromal recurrence, particularly depression. One-third of the participants had one syndromal recurrence, and 30% had two or more. The polarity of the index episode predicted that of subsequent episodes. Participants were symptomatic during 60% of the follow-up period, particularly with subsyndromal symptoms of depression and mixed polarity, with numerous changes in mood polarity. Manic symptomatology, especially syndromal, was less frequent, and bipolar II was mainly manifested by depressive symptoms. Overall, 40% of the participants had syndromal or subsyndromal symptoms during 75% of the follow-up period, and 16% of the participants experienced psychotic symptoms during 17% the follow-up period. Twenty-five percent of youths with bipolar II converted to bipolar I, and 38% of those with bipolar disorder not otherwise specified converted to bipolar I or II. Early onset, diagnosis of bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, long illness duration, low socioeconomic status, and family history of mood disorders were associated with poorer outcomes.Bipolar spectrum disorders in youths are characterized by episodic illness with subsyndromal and, less frequently, syndromal episodes with mainly depressive and mixed symptoms and rapid mood changes.
Characterization of the yeast ionome: a genome-wide analysis of nutrient mineral and trace element homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Authors: David J Eide, Suzanne Clark, T Murlidharan Nair, Mathias Gehl, Michael Gribskov, Mary Lou Guerinot, Jeffrey F Harper
Journal: Genome biology (2005)

Nutrient minerals are essential yet potentially toxic, and homeostatic mechanisms are required to regulate their intracellular levels. We describe here a genome-wide screen for genes involved in the homeostasis of minerals in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), we assayed 4,385 mutant strains for the accumulation of 13 elements (calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, phosphorus, selenium, sodium, sulfur, and zinc). We refer to the resulting accumulation profile as the yeast 'ionome'.
Keep the family in family planning – Authors' reply
Authors: Maria I Rodríguez, Lale Say, Marleen Temmerman
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

Authors’ reply Jenny Trinitapoli and colleagues argue that the term contraception does not accurately describe the practices of young women worldwide and argue that free and informed individual choice is an imagined and profoundly western concept. Although the vision of a world in which all individuals are able to make free contraceptive choices does unfortunately remain largely aspirational, we disagree that free and informed individual choice is a construct restricted to the western world. This standard is based on international human rights laws and treaties, which are endorsed by countries worldwide. International and regional human rights treaties, national constitutions, and laws provide guarantees specifically relating to access to contraceptive information and services. They recommend, among other actions, that country leaders should ensure timely and affordable access to good quality sexual and reproductive health information and services, including contraception, which should be delivered in a way that ensures fully informed decision making; respects dignity, autonomy, privacy, and confidentiality; and is sensitive to individuals’ needs and perspectives. Family and community factors do necessarily influence individual decision making, but the emphasis must be on the individual’s agency to freely select a method. To understand the role that men, relationships, and community have in women and girls’ contraceptive preference is important, but these factors are context dependent. The studies that Trinitapoli and colleagues share from Kenya and Malawi might not be the reality experienced by women and girls elsewhere in the world. Furthermore, substantial demographic, cultural, and political changes have occurred since most of their supporting evidence was published in the 1980s and 1990s. A modern understanding of how an individual woman’s community and environment aff ects her choices is crucial, but this understanding must not detract from her autonomy and human rights. Although contraception is a more biomedical term than family planning, it has the advantage of being both technically accurate and appropriate worldwide.
Potent Neutralization of MERS-CoV by Human Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies to the Viral Spike Glycoprotein
Authors: Liwei Jiang, Nianshuang Wang, Teng Zuo, Xuanling Shi, Kwok-Man Vincent Poon, Yongkang Wu, Fei Gao, Danyang Li, Ruoke Wang, Jianying Guo, Lili Fu, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Bo-Jian Zheng, Xinquan Wang, Linqi Zhang
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Human neutralizing monoclonal antibody could serve as a therapeutic intervention against MERS-CoV infection.
Superoxide Production, Risk Factors, and Endothelium-Dependent Relaxations in Human Internal Mammary Arteries
Authors: Catherine Huraux, Tetsuji Makita, Sabine Kurz, Koji Yamaguchi, Fania Szlam, Margaret M. Tarpey, Josiah N. Wilcox, David G. Harrison, Jerrold H. Levy
Journal: Circulation (1999)

In a variety of disease states, endothelium-dependent vasodilation is abnormal. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, increased destruction of NO by superoxide, diminished cellular levels of L-arginine or tetrahydrobiopterin, and alterations in membrane signaling have been implicated. We examined these potential mechanisms in human vessels.Relaxations to acetylcholine, the calcium ionophore A23187, and nitroglycerin, as well as superoxide production and NO synthase expression, were examined in vascular segments from patients with identified cardiovascular risk factors. Endothelium-dependent relaxations were also studied after incubation with L-arginine, L-sepiapterin, and liposome-entrapped superoxide dismutase (SOD) and after organoid culture with cis-vaccenic acid. Relaxations to acetylcholine and to a lesser extent the calcium ionophore A23187 were highly variable and correlated with the number of risk factors present among the subjects studied. Treatment of vessels with L-arginine, L-sepiapterin, liposome-entrapped SOD, or cis-vaccenic acid did not augment endothelium-dependent relaxations. Hypercholesterolemia was the only risk factor associated with high levels of superoxide; however, there was no correlation between superoxide production and the response to either endothelium-dependent vasodilator used.In human internal mammary arteries, depressed endothelium-dependent relaxations could not be attributed to increases in vascular superoxide production, deficiencies in either L-arginine or tetrahydrobiopterin, or reduced membrane fluidity. Variability in signaling mechanisms may contribute to the differences in responses to acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187.
A Multicenter United States—Canadian Trial to Assess Lamivudine Monotherapy Before and After Liver Transplantation for Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Robert P. Perrillo, Teresa Wright, Jorge Rakela, Gary Levy, Eugene Schiff, Robert Gish, Paul Martin, Jules Dienstag, Paul Adams, Rolland Dickson, Gaya Anschuetz, Steve Bell, Lynn Condreay, Nathaniel Brown
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Seventy–seven liver transplant candidates were enrolled in a multicenter study in which patients were treated with lamivudine (100 mg daily) without the adjunctive use of hepatitis B immune globulin. Treatment was begun while patients awaited liver transplantation and continued after transplantation. All were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive, and 61% had detectable hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA when treatment was begun. Forty–seven underwent liver transplantation and 30 did not. Median study participation was 38 months (range, 2.7–48.5) in the transplanted patients and 26 months (range, 0.1–37) in the nontransplanted group. Twenty–five of 42 (60%) transplanted patients with 12 or more weeks of posttransplantation follow–up were HBsAg negative at the last study visit. At treatment week 156, 13 of 22 (59%) remained HBsAg negative, and all 9 reinfected patients were HBV–DNA positive before treatment. In the nontransplanted patients, HBeAg was initially detectable in 20 of 27 (74%) but this decreased to 3 of 17 (18%) after 104 weeks of treatment, and significant improvement in biochemical parameters was observed. HBV–DNA polymerase mutants were detected in 15 (21%) and 6 (20%) of the transplanted and nontransplanted patients, respectively. When compared with historical cohorts, lamivudine–treated patients appeared to have improved survival, and transplanted patients had a decrease in the rate of recurrent HBV infection. Lamivudine therapy was partially effective in preventing recurrent HBV infection when given before and after transplantation. Thus, future trials using a combination of HBIg and lamivudine are needed to assess the optimal prophylactic therapy.
Evaluating the Potential Role of PET/CT in the Posttreatment Surveillance of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Shrujal S. Baxi, Lara Dunn, David G. Pfister
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

The central rationale for active surveillance following the curative treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the belief that earlier detection of recurrent or new primary cancers facilitates earlier initiation of therapy and can favorably impact clinical outcomes.The potential benefits of earlier detection of disease have considerable appeal to many physicians and patients, outweighing the potential risks.Active surveillance in some form is widely applied in oncology practice.A challenge facing the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Head and Neck Cancer Guidelines panel is the relative lack of higher quality evidence to inform specific surveillance recommendations.The panel currently recommends surveillance with 1) history and physical examinations including mirror and fiberoptic exams as clinically indicated; 2) post-treatment imaging of the primary site (and neck, if treated) within six months of treatment completion; 3) chest imaging as clinically indicated for patients with a smoking history per the NCCN Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines; and 4) a consideration of Epstein-Barr Virus/DNA testing in patients after treatment for nasopharynx cancer.Positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) after treatment is only specifically mentioned in the context of a decision algorithm for assessing whether to do a neck dissection or observe the neck after chemoradiation or radiation treatment. 1Otherwise, there is no prescribed role in the NCCN Head and Neck Cancer Guidelines for surveillance imaging including PET-CT in the absence of suspicious signs or symptoms.At the 2014 meeting, the panel reviewed available data on the potential role of PET-CT in the post-treatment setting.
A practical molecular assay to predict survival in resected non-squamous, non-small-cell lung cancer: development and international validation studies
Authors: Johannes R Kratz, Jianxing He, Stephen K Van Den Eeden, Zhi-Hua Zhu, Wen Gao, Patrick T Pham, Michael S Mulvihill, Fatemeh Ziaei, Huanrong Zhang, Bo Su, Xiuyi Zhi, Charles P Quesenberry, Laurel A Habel, Qiuhua Deng, Zongfei Wang, Jiangfen Zhou, Huiling Li, Mei-Chun Huang, Che-Chung Yeh, Mark R Segal, M Roshni Ray, Kirk D Jones, Dan J Raz, Zhidong Xu, Thierry M Jahan, David Berryman, Biao He, Michael J Mann, David M Jablons
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Moving toward <i>True</i> Inclusion of Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Federally Funded Studies. A Key Step for Achieving Respiratory Health Equality in the United States
Authors: Esteban G. Burchard, Sam S. Oh, Marilyn G. Foreman, Juan C. Celedón
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

A key objective of the 1993 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act was to ensure inclusion of minorities in clinical research. We conducted a literature search for the period from 1993 to 2013 to examine whether racial/ethnic minorities are adequately represented in published research studies of pulmonary diseases, particularly NIH-funded studies. We found a marked underrepresentation of minorities in published clinical research on pulmonary diseases. Over the last 20 years, inclusion of members of racial or ethnic minority groups was reported (in MeSH terms, journal titles, and MEDLINE fields) in less than 5% of all NIH-funded published studies of respiratory diseases. Although a secondary analysis revealed that a larger proportion of NIH-funded studies included any minorities, this proportional increment mostly resulted from studies including relatively small numbers of minorities (which precludes robust race- or ethnic-specific analyses). Underrepresentation or exclusion of minorities from NIH-funded studies is likely due to multiple reasons, including insufficient education and training on designing and implementing population-based studies of minorities, inadequate motivation or incentives to overcome challenges in the recruitment and retention of sufficient numbers of members of racial/ethnic minorities, underrepresentation of minorities among respiratory scientists in academic medical centers, and a dearth of successful partnerships between academic medical centers and underrepresented communities. This problem could be remedied by implementing short-, medium-, and long-term strategies, such as creating incentives to conduct minority research, ensuring fair review of grant applications focusing on minorities, developing the careers of minority scientists, and facilitating and valuing research on minorities by investigators of all backgrounds.
Fatty liver–based identification of two distinct hypertriglyceridemic subgroups in familial combined hyperlipidemia
Authors: Martijn C.G.J. Brouwers, Marleen M.J. van Greevenbroek, Monique A.L. Bilderbeek-Beckers, Margee G. Robertus-Teunissen, Carla J.H. van der Kallen, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Tjerk W.A. de Bruin
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Blood MUC-18/MCAM expression in patients with melanoma: a suitable marker of poor outcome
Authors: M.C. Rapanotti, I. Ricozzi, E. Campione, A. Orlandi, L. Bianchi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Multiple marker reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay has been established as the most reliable and sensitive approach for identifying circulating melanoma cells in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma by the detection of one or more melanoma‐associated markers of differentiation (MAMs).1 Their predictive value in melanoma progression, recurrence or response to therapy has recently been investigated.2 We read with interest the paper entitled 'Markers of circulating tumour cells in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma correlate with disease recurrence and progression' by Reid et al.3 preceded by the Commentary 'The challenge of developing useful blood‐based biomarkers in melanoma' by Sullivan,4 both published in a recent issue of BJD. Surprisingly, neither Reid et al. nor Sullivan cited the article that we published in the BJD in 2009 reporting the results of our investigation on a similar issue entitled 'Melanoma‐associated markers expression in blood: MUC‐18 is associated with advanced stages in melanoma patients'.5
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist deficient mice provide insights into pathogenesis of human intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Kate Louise Eve Phillips, Nikki Jordan-Mahy, Martin J H Nicklin, Christine Lyn Le Maitre
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is potentially important in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration; increasing production of matrix degradation enzymes and inhibiting matrix synthesis. Although IL-1 polymorphisms have been linked to increased risk of IVD degeneration, it is still unclear whether IL-1 drives IVD degeneration in vivo or is a secondary feature of degeneration. Here, we investigated whether IVD degeneration could be induced spontaneously by the removal of the natural inhibitor of IL-1 (IL-1 receptor antagonist) in mice that lack a functional <i>IL-1rn</i> gene. <h3>Methods</h3> Histological staining and immunohistochemistry was performed on BALB/c <i>IL-1rn<sup>+/+</sup></i> and <i>IL-1rn<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice to examine degeneration and to localise and detect IL-1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)3, MMP7, a disintigrin and MMP with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)4 protein production. In addition, IVD cells were isolated using collagenase and proliferation potential determined. <h3>Results</h3> <i>IL-1rn<sup>−/−</sup></i> knockout mice displayed typical features of human disc degeneration: loss of proteoglycan and normal collagen structure and increased expression of matrix degrading enzymes: MMP3; MMP7 and ADAMTS4. Histological grade of degeneration increased in <i>IL-1rn<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice which was more evident within older mice. In addition IVD cells isolated from <i>IL-1rn<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice displayed reduced proliferation potential. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Here, we show that <i>IL-1rn<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice develop spinal abnormalities that resemble characteristic features associated with human disc degeneration. The current evidence is consistent with a role for IL-1 in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration. The imbalance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra which is observed during human IVD degeneration could therefore be a causative factor in the degeneration of the IVD, and as such, is an appropriate pharmaceutical target for inhibiting degeneration.
The Prediction of Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: JOE MENDELS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

A computer-derived method of selecting and weighting clinical factors to predict the response of depressed patients to ECT was evaluated retrospectively for a group of 105 hospitalized patients. Use of the method prospectively would have provided an 86 percent accuracy in prognosis. The results are compared with reports of correlations between specific depressive symptoms and response to imipramine and amitriptyline.
Bone morphogenetic protein 7 sensitizes O6-methylguanine methyltransferase expressing-glioblastoma stem cells to clinically relevant dose of temozolomide
Authors: Jonathan L. Tso, Shuai Yang, Jimmy C. Menjivar, Kazunari Yamada, Yibei Zhang, Irene Hong, Yvonne Bui, Alexandra Stream, William H. McBride, Linda M. Liau, Stanley F. Nelson, Timothy F. Cloughesy, William H. Yong, Albert Lai, Cho-Lea Tso
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral DNA-alkylating agent used for treating patients with glioblastoma. However, therapeutic benefits of TMZ can be compromised by the expression of O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) in tumor tissue. Here we used MGMT-expressing glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) lines as a model for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying TMZ resistance, while aiming to explore a new treatment strategy designed to possibly overcome resistance to the clinically relevant dose of TMZ (35 μM). MGMT-expressing GSC cultures are resistant to TMZ, and IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) is estimated at around 500 μM. Clonogenic GSC surviving 500 μM TMZ (GSC-500 μM TMZ), were isolated. Molecular signatures were identified via comparative analysis of expression microarray against parental GSC (GSC-parental). The recombinant protein of top downregulated signature was used as a single agent or in combination with TMZ, for evaluating therapeutic effects of treatment of GSC. The molecular signatures characterized an activation of protective stress responses in GSC-500 μM TMZ, mainly including biotransformation/detoxification of xenobiotics, blocked endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inhibited growth/differentiation. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) was identified as the top down-regulated gene in GSC-500 μM TMZ. Although augmenting BMP7 signaling in GSC by exogenous BMP7 treatment did not effectively stop GSC growth, it markedly sensitized both GSC-500 μM TMZ and GSC-parental to 35 μM TMZ treatment, leading to loss of self-renewal and migration capacity. BMP7 treatment induced senescence of GSC cultures and suppressed mRNA expression of CD133, MGMT, and ATP-binding cassette drug efflux transporters (ABCB1, ABCG2), as well as reconfigured transcriptional profiles in GSC by downregulating genes associated with EMT/migration/invasion, stemness, inflammation/immune response, and cell proliferation/tumorigenesis. BMP7 treatment significantly prolonged survival time of animals intracranially inoculated with GSC when compared to those untreated or treated with TMZ alone (p = 0.0017), whereas combination of two agents further extended animal survival compared to BMP7 alone (p = 0.0489). These data support the view that reduced endogenous BMP7 expression/signaling in GSC may contribute to maintained stemness, EMT, and chemoresistant phenotype, suggesting that BMP7 treatment may provide a novel strategy in combination with TMZ for an effective treatment of glioblastoma exhibiting unmethylated MGMT.
Projections of the effects of climate change on allergic asthma: the contribution of aerobiology
Authors: L. Cecchi, G. D’Amato, J. G. Ayres, C. Galan, F. Forastiere, B. Forsberg, J. Gerritsen, C. Nunes, H. Behrendt, C. Akdis, R. Dahl, I. Annesi‐Maesano
Journal: Allergy (2010)

Climate change is unequivocal and represents a possible threat for patients affected by allergic conditions. It has already had an impact on living organisms, including plants and fungi with current scenarios projecting further effects by the end of the century. Over the last three decades, studies have shown changes in production, dispersion and allergen content of pollen and spores, which may be region- and species-specific. In addition, these changes may have been influenced by urban air pollutants interacting directly with pollen. Data suggest an increasing effect of aeroallergens on allergic patients over this period, which may also imply a greater likelihood of the development of an allergic respiratory disease in sensitized subjects and exacerbation of symptomatic patients. There are a number of limitations that make predictions uncertain, and further and specifically designed studies are needed to clarify current effects and future scenarios. We recommend: More stress on pollen/spore exposure in the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of respiratory and allergic diseases; collection of aerobiological data in a structured way at the European level; creation, promotion and support of multidisciplinary research teams in this area; lobbying the European Union and other funders to finance this research.
PPARγ gene polymorphism is associated with exercise-mediated changes of insulin resistance in healthy men
Authors: Toshio Kahara, Toshinari Takamura, Tetsuo Hayakawa, Yukihiro Nagai, Hiromi Yamaguchi, Tatsuo Katsuki, Ken-ichi Katsuki, Michio Katsuki, Ken-ichi Kobayashi
Journal: Metabolism (2003)