tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrial Fibrillation: A Perspective
Authors: D. George Wyse, Bernard J. Gersh
Journal: Circulation (2004)

A trial fibrillation (AF) is a common clinical problem that is increasing in prevalence 1 and is inextricably linked to another burgeoning cardiovascular problem, namely, congestive heart failure. 2 There is increasing evidence that AF, at least in some population subsets, may be part of a spectrum of atherosclerotic vascular disease, hypertension, inflammation, diastolic dysfunction, and the metabolic syndromes.AF is part of a family of atrial tachyarrhythmias (Figure 1).A panel of experts has recently characterized the definition and position of AF within this group of tachyarrhythmias. 3Nonetheless, this family of tachyarrhythmias is closely interrelated, and the individual tachyarrhythmias often coexist in the same patient.Although the present discussion focuses on AF, many of the points made with regard to AF apply to these other tachyarrhythmias to varying degrees.Recently, international panels of experts have also created clinical practice guidelines 4 and perspectives on future research directions 5 for AF.These documents are a rich source of reference to the vast literature on AF.It is not the intention of the present article to review this literature, and, in particular, it is not intended that the reader will use the present article as a manual for managing AF.However, the perspective is intended to provide a framework for rational thinking about the management of AF.
Biomedicine and Alternative Healing Systems in America: Issues of Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Authors: Brent A. Bauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 May 2002Biomedicine and Alternative Healing Systems in America: Issues of Class, Race, Ethnicity, and GenderBrent A. Bauer, MDBrent A. Bauer, MDComplementary and Alternative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-9-200205070-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Baer HA. 222 pages. Madison, WI: Univ of Wisconsin Pr; 2001. $21.95. ISBN 0299166945. Order phone 773-568-1550.Field of medicine: History of medicine, social medicine, public health, and complementary and alternative medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Physicians and students interested in the history of alternative medical systems, complementary and alternative medicine researchers and providers, and medical history enthusiasts.Purpose: To provide an “overview of the relationship between biomedicine and a wide array of alternative medical systems in the United States.”Content: In nine well-written and readable chapters, Baer traces the development of biomedicine/scientific medicine as the dominant medical system in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Complementary and Alternative Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 May 2002Volume 136, Issue 9Page: 712KeywordsComplementary and alternative medicineHistory of medicineMedical ethics, humanities, and educationNaturopathyPrevention, policy, and public healthRacial and ethnic issuesSexual identitySoftware toolsSurgerySystematic reviews ePublished: 7 May 2002 Issue Published: 7 May 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
High dose of idarubicin-based regimen for diffuse large cell AIDS-related non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with or without antiretroviral therapy during antineoplastic agents
Authors: R. Gastaldi, P. Martino, G. Gentile, M.S. De Propris, M.F. Pirillo, A. De Vellis, F. Mandelli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Dynamic O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Modification of Proteins Affects Stress Responses and Survival of Mesothelial Cells Exposed to Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids
Authors: Rebecca Herzog, Thorsten O. Bender, Andreas Vychytil, Katarzyna Bialas, Christoph Aufricht, Klaus Kratochwill
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

The ability of cells to respond and survive stressful conditions is determined, in part, by the attachment of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to proteins (O-GlcNAcylation), a post-translational modification dependent on glucose and glutamine. This study investigates the role of dynamic O-GlcNAcylation of mesothelial cell proteins in cell survival during exposure to glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). Immortalized human mesothelial cells and primary mesothelial cells, cultured from human omentum or clinical effluent of PD patients, were assessed for O-GlcNAcylation under normal conditions or after exposure to PDF. The dynamic status of O-GlcNAcylation and effects on cellular survival were investigated by chemical modulation with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) to decrease or O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene)amino N-phenyl carbamate (PUGNAc) to increase O-GlcNAc levels. Viability was decreased by reducing O-GlcNAc levels by DON, which also led to suppressed expression of the cytoprotective heat shock protein 72. In contrast, increasing O-GlcNAc levels by PUGNAc or alanyl-glutamine led to significantly improved cell survival paralleled by higher heat shock protein 72 levels during PDF treatment. Addition of alanyl-glutamine increased O-GlcNAcylation and partly counteracted its inhibition by DON, also leading to improved cell survival. Immunofluorescent analysis of clinical samples showed that the O-GlcNAc signal primarily originates from mesothelial cells. In conclusion, this study identified O-GlcNAcylation in mesothelial cells as a potentially important molecular mechanism after exposure to PDF. Modulating O-GlcNAc levels by clinically feasible interventions might evolve as a novel therapeutic target for the preservation of peritoneal membrane integrity in PD.
The Reduction of Autoprothrombin II Activity with Dicumarol
Authors: SHIRLEY A. JOHNSON, WALTER H. SEEGERS
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

It is generally considered that the administration of dicumarol is followed by a decrease in prothrombin concentration, and it has been suggested that another plasma factor may also decrease. We have found that there are two derivatives of prothrombin called autoprothrombin and autoprothrombin II. In this paper we present data which show that the concentration of autoprothrombin II can be reduced practically to zero with the use of Dicumarol without observing a bleeding tendency. The decrease in concentration coincides with a decrease in prothrombin concentration but is relatively more rapid.
Effects of timolol on blood flow distribution in the feline myocardium with acute regional ischaemia during controlled haemodynamic conditions
Authors: K. GRONG, L. STANGELAND, K. S ANDERSEN, J. LEKVEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

The β-adrenergic blocking agent timolol was given to cats with acute coronary artery ligation under controlled haemodynamic conditions. Regional myocardial tissue flow was measured by the distribution of labelled microspheres. Timolol reduced cardiac contractility and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rose, wheras heart rate and ventricular systolic pressure were kept constant by atrial pacing and aortic clamping. The systolic period increased following timolol administration under these conditions. Myocardial blood flow remained unchanged in central ischaemic and border areas, wheras flow increased both endocardially and epicardially in normally perfused area following timolol administration. Without pacing there was a significant flow reduction in the epicardium of the normally perfused area, compared with the situation where heart rate was constant. Under controlled haemodynamic conditions, therefore, timolol appears to improve coronary perfusion in normal myocardium, whereas blood flow to ischaemic myocardium remains essentially unchanged.
Predictors of 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Refractory Cardiogenic Shock Following Acute Myocardial Infarction Despite a Patent Infarct Artery
Authors: Jason Katz
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Abstract 503 Jason N Katz, Duke Univ Medical Ctr &amp; Duke Clinical Res Inst, Durham, NC; Amanda L Stebbins, Duke Clinical Res Inst, Durham, NC; John H Alexander, Duke Univ Medical Ctr &amp; Duke Clinical Res Inst, Durham, NC; Harmony R Reynolds, New York Univ, New York, NY; Karen S Pieper, Duke Clinical Res Inst, Durham, NC; Witold Ruzyllo, Natl Inst of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Karl Werdan, Martin-Luther-Univ Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany; Alexander Geppert, Wilhelminen hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vladimir Dzavik, Univ of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Frans Van de Werf, Univ Hosp of Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Judith S Hochman, New York Univ, New York, NY; TRIUMPH Investigators Jason Katz, 2008 Finalist and Presenting Author
DEGREE OF BRONCHIAL METAPLASIA IN HEAVY SMOKERS AND ITS REGRESSION AFTER TREATMENT WITH A RETINOID
Authors: J. Gouveia, T. Hercend, G. Lemaigre, G. Mathé, F. Gros, G. Santelli, J.P. Homasson, M. Angebault, A. Lededente, R. Parrot, J.P. Gaillard, J.P. Bonniot, J. Marsac, S. Pretet
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Remission induction comparing infliximab and high-dose intravenous steroid, followed by treat-to-target: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial in new-onset, treatment-naive, rheumatoid arthritis (the IDEA study)
Authors: J L Nam, E Villeneuve, E M A Hensor, P G Conaghan, H I Keen, M H Buch, A K Gough, M J Green, P S Helliwell, A M Keenan, A W Morgan, M Quinn, R Reece, D M van der Heijde, R J Wakefield, P Emery
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

In disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)-naive early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to compare the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) and infliximab (IFX) with MTX and intravenous corticosteroid for remission induction.In a 78-week multicentre randomised controlled trial, double-blinded to week 26, 112 treatment-naive RA patients (1987 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria) with disease activity score 44 (DAS44)>2.4 were randomised to MTX + IFX or MTX + single dose intravenous methylprednisolone 250 mg. A treat-to-target approach was used with treatment escalation if DAS44>2.4. In the IFX group, IFX was discontinued for sustained remission (DAS44<1.6 for 6 months). The primary outcome was change in modified total Sharp-van der Heijde score (mTSS) at week 50.The mean changes in mTSS score at week 50 in the IFX and intravenous steroid groups were 1.20 units and 2.81 units, respectively (adjusted difference (95% CI) -1.45 (-3.35 to 0.45); p=0.132). Radiographic non-progression (mTSS<2.0) occurred in 81% vs 71% (OR 1.77 (0.56 to 5.61); p=0.328). DAS44 remission was achieved at week 50 in 49% and 36% (OR 2.13 (0.91 to 5.00); p=0.082), and at week 78 in 48% and 50% (OR 1.12 (0.47 to 2.68); p=0.792). Exploratory analyses suggested higher DAS28 remission at week 6 and less ultrasound synovitis at week 50 in the IFX group. Of the IFX group, 25% (14/55) achieved sustained remission and stopped IFX. No substantive differences in adverse events were seen.In DMARD-naive early RA patients, initial therapy with MTX+high-dose intravenous steroid resulted in good disease control with little structural damage. MTX+IFX was not statistically superior to MTX+intravenous steroid when combined with a treat-to-target approach.
Serum IgG antibodies to peptidylarginine deiminase 4 predict radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tumour necrosis factor-α blocking agents
Authors: E H Halvorsen, E A Haavardsholm, S Pollmann, A Boonen, D van der Heijde, T K Kvien, Ø Molberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) may generate epitopes targeted by anticitrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A subset of patients with RA has serum autoantibodies to human recombinant PAD4 (hPAD4). Here, we assessed whether anti-hPAD4 status in RA predicted disease outcome after antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF)-α therapy. <h3>Methods:</h3> We analysed RA sera obtained at baseline (n = 40) and after 1 year on anti-TNF-α therapy (n = 33) for anti-hPAD4 IgG. Association analyses between baseline anti-hPAD status and disease progression were performed. <h3>Results:</h3> We found that 17 of 40 patients (42.5%) were serum anti-hPAD4 positive at baseline, and the anti-hPAD4 IgG levels were stable over 1 year on anti-TNF-α therapy. At baseline, there were indications that anti-hPAD4 positive patients had more severe disease than the negative patients. After 1 year on anti-TNF-α therapy, the anti-hPAD4 positive patients displayed a persistently elevated disease activity score using 28 joint counts score and increased progression in the van der Heijde–modified Sharp erosion score. Accordingly, more anti-hPAD4 positive than negative patients presented an increase in van der Heijde–modified Sharp erosion scores &gt;0 over 1 year. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Anti-hPAD4 IgG can be detected in a subset of RA sera and the levels are stable after initiation of anti-TNF-α therapy. Serum anti-hPAD4 may predict persistent disease activity and radiographic progression in patients with RA receiving anti-TNF-α therapy.
Effect of a national primary care pay for performance scheme on emergency hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: controlled longitudinal study
Authors: M. J. Harrison, M. Dusheiko, M. Sutton, H. Gravelle, T. Doran, M. Roland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To estimate the impact of a national primary care pay for performance scheme, the Quality and Outcomes Framework in England, on emergency hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs). <b>Design</b> Controlled longitudinal study. <b>Setting</b> English National Health Service between 1998/99 and 2010/11. <b>Participants</b> Populations registered with each of 6975 family practices in England. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Year specific differences between trend adjusted emergency hospital admission rates for incentivised ACSCs before and after the introduction of the Quality and Outcomes Framework scheme and two comparators: non-incentivised ACSCs and non-ACSCs. <b>Results</b> Incentivised ACSC admissions showed a relative reduction of 2.7% (95% confidence interval 1.6% to 3.8%) in the first year of the Quality and Outcomes Framework compared with ACSCs that were not incentivised. This increased to a relative reduction of 8.0% (6.9% to 9.1%) in 2010/11. Compared with conditions that are not regarded as being influenced by the quality of ambulatory care (non-ACSCs), incentivised ACSCs also showed a relative reduction in rates of emergency admissions of 2.8% (2.0% to 3.6%) in the first year increasing to 10.9% (10.1% to 11.7%) by 2010/11. <b>Conclusions</b> The introduction of a major national pay for performance scheme for primary care in England was associated with a decrease in emergency admissions for incentivised conditions compared with conditions that were not incentivised. Contemporaneous health service changes seem unlikely to have caused the sharp change in the trajectory of incentivised ACSC admissions immediately after the introduction of the Quality and Outcomes Framework. The decrease seems larger than would be expected from the changes in the process measures that were incentivised, suggesting that the pay for performance scheme may have had impacts on quality of care beyond the directly incentivised activities.
Increased bone formation by prevention of osteoblast apoptosis with parathyroid hormone
Authors: Robert L. Jilka, Robert S. Weinstein, Teresita Bellido, Paula Roberson, A. Michael Parfitt, Stavros C. Manolagas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The mass of regenerating tissues, such as bone, is critically dependent on the number of executive cells, which in turn is determined by the rate of replication of progenitors and the life-span of mature cells, reflecting the timing of death by apoptosis. Bone mass can be increased by intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration, but the mechanism of this phenomenon has remained unknown. We report that daily PTH injections in mice with either normal bone mass or osteopenia due to defective osteoblastogenesis increased bone formation without affecting the generation of new osteoblasts. Instead, PTH increased the life-span of mature osteoblasts by preventing their apoptosis — the fate of the majority of these cells under normal conditions. The antiapoptotic effect of PTH was sufficient to account for the increase in bone mass, and was confirmed in vitro using rodent and human osteoblasts and osteocytes. This evidence provides proof of the basic principle that the work performed by a cell population can be increased by suppression of apoptosis. Moreover, it suggests novel pharmacotherapeutic strategies for osteoporosis and, perhaps, other pathologic conditions in which tissue mass diminution has compromised functional integrity.
Diesel exhaust in asthmatics modulates leukotriene E4 and airflow through epigenetic changes
Authors: Nathan Rabinovitch, Amrit Singh, Rui Wei Jiang, Sze Wing Wong, Scott Tebbutt, Christopher Carlsten
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Rationale/Objectives : Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) is associated with acute health effects in asthmatics but underlying mechanisms have not been clearly delineated.   Methods/Measurements : Randomized crossover, double-blind experiment; 13 partici-pants exposed on 2 different days to filtered air (FA) or DE (300 μg PM 2.5 /m 3 ). Forced expiratory volume in 1–second (FEV 1 ) and urine for leukotriene E4 (uLTE 4 ) were collected at baseline and 6 and 30 hours post-baseline. Blood was sampled at baseline and 6 hours post-baseline and profiled for 734 microRNAs using the Nanostring platform.   Results:  An increase in LTE 4  (from 0h to 6h) was associated with a decline in FEV 1  over the same timeframe upon exposure to FA (p=0.01) but not DE (p=0.55). Exposure interacts (p=0.007) upon the relationship between LTE 4  and FEV 1 . From the 101 miRNAs that were above background, 27 miRNAs target genes in the cysteinyl leukotriene pathway. The association between the change in FEV 1  and the change in miR-128 and miR-342-3p levels each varied by exposure (interaction p 4  and the change in miR-340 and miR-142-5p each varied by exposure (interaction p   Conclusion:  DEP exposure in asthmatics alters urinary cysteinyl leukotriene (CYSLT; e.g. LTE 4 ) and airflow by modulating changes in specific miRNA. The miRNA implicated in this study (miR 128, 342-3p, 340, and 142-5p) are associated with important leukotriene pathway genes, e.g. ALOX5, P2RY2 and CYSLT receptor 2, OXGR1 and P2RY13 respectively. DE exposure appears to modulate leukotriene levels and airflow through changes in microRNA.  Funding: WorkSafeBC, CIHR, BC Lung Association, AllerGen NCE.
A Treatment Algorithm for the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: An Update
Authors: Emmet B. Keeffe, Douglas T. Dieterich, Steven–Huy B. Han, Ira M. Jacobson, Paul Martin, Eugene R. Schiff, Hillel Tobias, Teresa L. Wright
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) aggregate in Alzheimer’s disease due to autosomal dominant genetic mutations and trisomy 21
Authors: Chadwick M Hales, Nicholas T Seyfried, Eric B Dammer, Duc Duong, Hong Yi, Marla Gearing, Juan C Troncoso, Elliott J Mufson, Madhav Thambisetty, Allan I Levey, James J Lah
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2014)

We recently identified U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) tangle-like aggregates and RNA splicing abnormalities in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). However little is known about snRNP biology in early onset AD due to autosomal dominant genetic mutations or trisomy 21 in Down syndrome. Therefore we investigated snRNP biochemical and pathologic features in these disorders. We performed quantitative proteomics and immunohistochemistry in postmortem brain from genetic AD cases. Electron microscopy was used to characterize ultrastructural features of pathologic aggregates. U1-70k and other snRNPs were biochemically enriched in the insoluble fraction of human brain from subjects with presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations. Aggregates of U1 snRNP-immunoreactivity formed cytoplasmic tangle-like structures in cortex of AD subjects with PS1 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations as well as trisomy 21. Ultrastructural analysis with electron microscopy in an APP mutation case demonstrated snRNP immunogold labeling of paired helical filaments (PHF). These studies identify U1 snRNP pathologic changes in brain of early onset genetic forms of AD. Since dominant genetic mutations and trisomy 21 result in dysfunctional amyloid processing, the findings suggest that aberrant β-amyloid processing may influence U1 snRNP aggregate formation.
The Role of Cancer Research in Noncommunicable Disease Control
Authors: C. P. Wild
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

Noncommunicable diseases were estimated to claim more than 36 million lives worldwide in 2008. Major contributors to this burden were cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. The United Nations General Assembly held a high-level meeting on noncommunicable diseases in September 2011 for heads of states and governments, conscious of the projected increases in disease incidence, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This meeting followed the Special Session on HIV/AIDS in 2001, the only other high-level meeting to discuss a health topic and orient the global political agenda toward a growing threat to human development. Proposed strategies for control of noncommunicable diseases focused mainly on the shared risk factors of tobacco, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet. However, for cancer, a broader response is required. Notably, the heterogeneity of cancer with respect to its geographical distribution, etiology, and pathology all demand a more nuanced, regional, or even local approach. Preparations for the meeting elicited enormous attention from governments and nongovernmental organizations, but the engagement of the research community was less evident. This commentary calls for the involvement of the cancer research community in response to the further action detailed in the United Nations Political Declaration emanating from the meeting, identifies a number of cancer-specific priorities, including vaccination against hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, cervical cancer screening, and early detection of breast cancer, and suggests areas where cancer research can provide the evidence base for cancer control, notably in improving the quality and coverage of cancer registration, elucidating cancer etiology, and evaluating interventions, including their implementation in low-resource health-care settings. Finally, the need for global cooperation in developing a research agenda for low- and middle-income countries is highlighted.
Outgrown asthma does not mean no airways inflammation
Authors: T.J. Warke, P.S. Fitch, V. Brown, R. Taylor, J.D.M. Lyons, M. Ennis, M.D. Shields
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Although some asthmatic children seem to recover from their asthma, 30–80% develop asthma again in later life. The underlying risk factors are unknown. The hypothesis for this study was that children with apparently outgrown asthma would have underlying airway inflammation. Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on normal children (n=35) and children who had wheezed previously (n=35). Eosinophils were raised in the lavage fluid of atopic children who had apparently outgrown asthma (median (interquartile range) 0.36 (0.05–0.74) compared to controls 0.10 (0–0.18), p=0.002). There was no relationship between length of remission and degree of airways eosinophilia. Thus, there is persistent airways inflammation in some children with outgrown asthma and this may be a risk factor for future relapse.