tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A CFTR Potentiator in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and the<i>G551D</i>Mutation
Authors: Bonnie W. Ramsey, Jane Davies, N. Gerard McElvaney, Elizabeth Tullis, Scott C. Bell, Pavel Dřevínek, Matthias Griese, Edward F. McKone, Claire E. Wainwright, Michael W. Konstan, Richard Moss, Felix Ratjen, Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus, Steven M. Rowe, Qunming Dong, Sally Rodriguez, Karl Yen, Claudia Ordoñez, J. Stuart Elborn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Increasing the activity of defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis.
Level of physical activity, body composition and abdominal resistance of women with familial partial lipodystrophy of the Dunnigan type
Authors: L Z Monteiro, F A Pereira, M C Freitas-Foss, R M Montengro, A I A Medeiros, M C Foss
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Familial partial lipodystrophy of the Dunnigan type (FPLD) is characterised by a progressive reduction of adipose issue in the extremities and in the trunk and by an accumulation of fat in the head, neck and visceral adipose tissue, and is associated with diabetes, dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular diseases. The aim was to assess the level of physical activity, body composition (BC) and abdominal resistance in women with FPLD. Eighteen women with FPLD and 18 control women (CG) were evaluated in terms of anthropometric variables (weight, height, body mass index (BMI)). BC was evaluated by dual-energy x -ray absorptiometry (Hologic 4500W). A questionnaire divided into four parts was used for the assessment of habitual physical activity level (HPAL): occupational physical activities (OPA), physical exercise (PE) and locomotion and leisure activities (LLA), which are part of the evaluation of physical activity in the last 12 months (ET). Resistance was determined by the 1 min abdominal test. The characteristics of women with FPLD were: age=36±13 years, weight=64.7±14.1 kg, height=1.61±0.07 m, BMI=24.8±4.2 kg/m 2 vs CG age=35.6±13 years, weight=63.9±12.4 kg, height=1.62±0.07 m, BMI=24.4±4.8 kg/m 2 . Regarding HPAL, women with FPLD presented: OPA=2.96±0.61, PE=1.92±0.48, LLA=2.50±0.59, ET=7.33±1.18 vs CG OPA=2.75±0.60, PE=2.14±0.56, LLA=2.47±0.66, ET=7.38±1.16. As expected, % fat (FPLD=23.5±9.5% vs CG=36.0±6.1% p&lt;0.05) and lean mass (FPLD=42.5 kg vs CG=35.8 kg p&lt;0.05) differed between groups. In the abdominal test, women with FPLD presented reduced abdominal resistance (FPLD=14 repetitions vs CG=26 repetitions) (p=0.01). HPAL was low in both groups and abdominal resistance was lower in the FPLD group. A low level of muscle strength may contribute to the onset of diseases that cause limitations of daily activities and a reduced quality of life.
Inhibition of the Cardiomyocyte-Specific Kinase TNNI3K Limits Oxidative Stress, Injury, and Adverse Remodeling in the Ischemic Heart
Authors: Ronald J. Vagnozzi, Gregory J. Gatto, Lara S. Kallander, Nicholas E. Hoffman, Karthik Mallilankaraman, Victoria L. T. Ballard, Brian G. Lawhorn, Patrick Stoy, Joanne Philp, Alan P. Graves, Yoshiro Naito, John J. Lepore, Erhe Gao, Muniswamy Madesh, Thomas Force
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Blocking the activity of a cardiomyocyte-specific protein kinase with a small-molecule inhibitor reduces oxidative stress, myocyte death, and adverse remodeling in the ischemic heart.
Response to water stress in castor (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes under in vitro conditions
Authors: T. Radhamani, R. Ushakumari, R. Amudha, K. Anjani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the response of 45 castor genotypes to drought stress. Five water stress levels were used. The experiment was laid out by complete randomized design with two replications. Ten seeds of each accession were sown in sterilized sand medium and the Poly Ethylene Glycol solution was given to medium. On the tenth day, the observations were recorded. Seedling length, root length and germination percentage were observed. The highest tolerance for germination was shown by RG 2474. The values of shoot length were higher in RG 2474. The maximum root length was seen in RG 2326 and RG 3013.

	 

	Key words: Castor, genotypes, water stress, in vitro conditions.
Nasal Immunization with Peanut Antigen and The Cationic Peptide Adjuvant Mastoparan 7 Induces Serum Humoral Immunity That Protects Peanut Allergic Mice Against Systemic Anaphylaxis
Authors: B.T. Johnson, M. Kulis, S.N. Abraham, A.W. Burks, H.F. Staats
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Prediction of clinical non-response to methotrexate treatment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Maja Bulatović, Marloes W Heijstek, E H Pieter Van Dijkhuizen, Nico M Wulffraat, Saskia M F Pluijm, Robert de Jonge
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Objectives Methotrexate (MTX) is a cheap and efficacious drug in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment. If JIA patients are unresponsive to MTX, early and effective combination treatment with biologicals is required to prevent joint damage. The authors developed a prediction model to identify JIA patients not responding to MTX. <h3>Methods</h3> In a cohort of 183 JIA patients, clinical variables and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the mechanism of action of MTX were determined at the start of MTX treatment. These variables were used to construct a prediction model for non-response to MTX treatment during the first year of treatment. Non-response to MTX was defined according the American College of Rheumatology paediatric 70 criteria. The prediction model was validated in a cohort of 104 JIA patients. <h3>Results</h3> The prediction model included: erythrocyte sedimentation rate and SNPs in genes coding for methionine synthase reductase, multidrug resistance 1 (MDR-1/ABCB1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP-1/ABCC1) and proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.81). In the validation cohort, the AUC was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.77). The prediction model was transformed into a total risk score (range 0–11). At a cut-off of ≥3, sensitivity was 78%, specificity 49%, positive predictive value was 83% and negative predictive value 41%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The prediction model that we developed and validated combines clinical and genetic variables to identify JIA patients not responding to MTX treatment. This model could assist clinicians in making individualised treatment decisions.
Breaking down haem attenuates acute pancreatitis: a new treatment option?
Authors: J. Mayerle, M. Sendler, M. M. Lerch
Journal: Gut (2011)

The premature intracellular activation of digestive proteases can result in autodigestion of the pancreas and has long been regarded as the initial and a rate-limiting step in the development of acute pancreatitis.1 Recent evidence suggests, however, that inflammatory cells infiltrating the pancreas—rather than the extent of initial protease activation—determines the ultimate severity of acute pancreatitis.2 3 All attempts to target the inflammatory response of acute pancreatitis therapeutically have unfortunately been unsuccessful. One reason for this failure may lie in the type of inflammatory cells that were targeted.4

Macrophages orchestrate both the initiation and the resolution of inflammation and would therefore be an interesting therapeutic target for modulating the inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis. Selective depletion of the proinflammatory M1 macrophages has been found to reduce the severity in acute pancreatitis.5

Nature has provided a potent protective strategy to counter an overwhelming inflammatory response. Haemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible isoform of the initial and rate-controlling enzyme used in the degradation of haem into iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin. The latter is subsequently converted to bilirubin.6 HO-1 is expressed in various inflammatory cells including macrophages and has recently gained considerable attention for exerting …
Names of Asian women and babies
Authors: E d. H Lobo
Journal: BMJ (1976)

and his Addison's disease might have been induced therefore by sarcoidosis rather than by "idiopathic" adrenal failure.If so, his wife could have contracted one or other of these diseases herself subclinically.The prolonged cellular immunity generated by sarcoidosis might have cven triggered off her mammary carcinoma.! Was raised immunity then responsible for the other malignancies in this family?A few tuberculous parents have had children who later developed sarcoidosis.The son in this family was found much later to have the coeliac syndrome.Was this also caused by the sarcoid agent?'The answers to these questions are still unknown because not enough facts are yet available.But it is unlikely in the meantime that natural selection will eliminate the sarcoid agent.
Closing the Loop: Another Step Forward
Authors: Ruth S. Weinstock
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To achieve normoglycemia in people with diabetes, the complex hormonal and neuronal influences that regulate glucose homeostasis must be understood and addressed. In addition to insulin deficiency, abnormalities include dysregulation in the secretion and/or action of glucagon, incretins, and other counterregulatory hormones. Efforts to restore normal metabolism in diabetes with insulin therapy alone have been suboptimal, with hypoglycemia being a major problem. Pancreatic transplantation is restricted by the availability of the human pancreas and the risks of immunosuppressive therapy. The implantation of normal islets has met with limited success. The alternative approach, the creation of an artificial pancreas, is now a major area of active investigation.

An automated mechanical glucose-responsive sensor-guided insulin infusion system has been a long-term goal. Although significant challenges remain, with improvements in pump therapy and sensor technologies, considerable progress has been made over the past 5 decades. Feasibility studies using delivery of intraperitoneal insulin with implanted pumps and guided by subcutaneous glucose sensors have been successfully conducted in a small number of patients (1). Since insulin is secreted into the portal circulation, this approach has the advantage of more physiological insulin delivery and reduced peripheral hyperinsulinemia. Few studies have administered insulin via intraportal or intraperitoneal routes because they require invasive procedures, and there are concerns about complications such as infections.

Subcutaneous insulin pump therapy with real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), an “open-loop” system, is now used in selected individuals for the management of type 1 diabetes. In appropriate people, improved glycemic control and reduction (but not elimination) of hypoglycemia can be realized with the use of these …
Effectiveness of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: Brooke Winner, Jeffrey F. Peipert, Qiuhong Zhao, Christina Buckel, Tessa Madden, Jenifer E. Allsworth, Gina M. Secura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The rate of unintended pregnancy in the United States is much higher than in other developed nations. Approximately half of unintended pregnancies are due to contraceptive failure, largely owing to inconsistent or incorrect use.
The Use of In Vitro Brain Slices for Multidisciplinary Studies of Synaptic Function
Authors: Gary Lynch, Peter Schubert
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1980)

The use of cell and tissue culture is well established and, particularly in the hands of biochemists, has contributed considerably to present knowl­ edge of cell function at the single cell level. A complementary technique, which permits the study of the mechanisms of intercellular interactions, appears to be the in vitro brain slice (Yamamoto & McIlwain 1966). These tissue slices are transferred into the artificial environment as intact function­ ing units in which the complicated hardware, the interconnections be-
Increased antigen and bacterial uptake in follicle associated epithelium induced by chronic psychological stress in rats
Authors: A K Velin
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Chronic stress affects the course of inflammatory bowel disease and experimental colitis, and may also initiate intestinal inflammation in rats. <b>Aim:</b> To investigate the effects of stress on the M cell containing follicle associated epithelium, specialised in antigen uptake. <b>Subjects and methods:</b> Wistar rats were submitted to acute water avoidance stress for one hour or chronic water avoidance stress for 1 hour/day for 10 consecutive days. Permeability to <sup>51</sup>Cr-edta, horseradish peroxidase, and chemically killed <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 was studied in both villus and follicle associated epithelium in Ussing chambers. Segments were further examined by light, electron, and confocal microscopy. <b>Results:</b> Acute stress increased horseradish peroxidase flux in villus as well as in follicle associated epithelium. Chronic stress further increased permeability to horseradish peroxidase in villus and follicle associated epithelium, in the latter by almost fourfold. Moreover, chronic stress induced over 30 times increased <i>E coli</i> passage in follicle associated epithelium whereas there was no significant increase in villus epithelium. Bacterial uptake was confirmed by confocal microscopy showing fluorescent bacteria penetrating and passing through the epithelial surface. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results show that the barrier function of follicle associated epithelium can be modulated, and that chronic stress enhances the uptake of luminal antigens and bacteria via the follicle associated epithelium. This can increase antigen exposure in Peyer’s patches thereby having implications in the initiation of proinflammatory immune responses within the intestinal mucosa.
Identification of novel missense<i>CTRC</i>variants in Japanese patients with chronic pancreatitis: Table 1
Authors: Atsushi Masamune, Eriko Nakano, Kiyoshi Kume, Yoichi Kakuta, Hiroyuki Ariga, Tooru Shimosegawa
Journal: Gut (2012)

We read with great interest the article by Paliwal et al 1 reporting the identification of novel missense variants in the chymotrypsin C ( CTRC ) gene in patients with tropical pancreatitis and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (CP) in India. Because there might be geographical differences in the genetics of pancreatitis, we conducted screening of the CTRC gene in Japanese patients with CP. All the eight exons in the CTRC gene were directly sequenced in 506 patients with CP (244 alcoholic, 206 idiopathic, 35 hereditary and 21 familial) and 274 healthy controls as previously described.1 This study was approved by the ethics committee of Tohoku University School of Medicine (article #2012-1-158). We identified five missense variants in patients with CP and one in controls (table 1 …
Epidemiology, Etiology, and Impact of Traveler's Diarrhea in Jamaica
Authors: Robert Steffen
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextTraveler's diarrhea (TD) can incapacitate travelers. Characteristics of TD could be helpful in identifying individuals who might benefit from a vaccine against TD.ObjectiveTo determine epidemiology, etiology, and impact of TD in Jamaica.DesignTwo-armed, cross-sectional survey conducted between March 1996 and May 1997.SettingSangster International Airport and 10 hotels in Montego Bay area, Jamaica.SubjectsTo investigate epidemiology and impact, 30,369 short-term visitors completed a questionnaire just before boarding their homebound aircrafts. To investigate etiology, 322 patients (hotel guests) with TD provided stool samples.Main Outcome MeasuresAttack and incidence rates of reported diarrhea and of classically defined TD (≥3 unformed stool samples in 24 hours and ≥1 accompanying symptom), incapacity, risk factors, and etiology.ResultsThe attack rate for diarrhea was 23.6% overall, with 11.7% having classically defined TD. For a mean duration of stay of 4 to 7 days, the incidence rate was 20.9% (all TD) and 10.0% (classic TD). Among airport respondents, the incapacity lasted a mean of 11.6 hours. Less than 3% of all travelers avoided potentially high-risk food and beverages. The most frequently detected pathogens were enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Rotavirus, and Salmonella species.ConclusionsA realistic plan for reducing TD is needed. Preventive measures such as the improvement of hygienic conditions at the destination, and/or the development of vaccines against the most frequent pathogens associated with TD may contribute toward achieving this goal.
Elder Abuse and Self-neglect
Authors: Laura Mosqueda, XinQi Dong
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Elder mistreatment encompasses a range of behaviors including emotional, financial, physical, and sexual abuse, neglect by other individuals, and self-neglect. This article discusses the range of elder mistreatment in community-living older adults, associated factors, and consequences. Although self-neglect is not considered a type of abuse in many research definitions, it is the most commonly reported form of elder mistreatment and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The case on which this article is based describes a 70-year-old woman who neglects herself and dies despite multiple contacts with the medical community. Despite significant gaps in research, enough is known to guide clinical practice. This article presents the practical approaches a health care professional can take when a reasonable suspicion of elder mistreatment arises. Public health and interdisciplinary team approaches are needed to manage what is becoming an increasing problem as the number of older adults around the world increases.
Why the desperation?
Authors: G L. Moseley
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<i>Background:</i> Current medication treatments for onychomycosis have less than full cure-rate efficacy and have the potential for adverse side effects. Vicks VapoRub (The Proctor &amp; Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH) has been advocated in the lay literature as an effective treatment for onychomycosis. This pilot study tested Vicks VapoRub as a safe, cost-effective alternative for treating toenail onychomycosis. <i>Methods:</i> Eighteen participants were recruited to use Vicks VapoRub as treatment for onychomycosis. Participants were followed at intervals of 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks; digital photographs were obtained during initial and follow-up visits. Primary outcome measures were mycological cure at 48 weeks and clinical cure through subjective assessment of appearance and quantifiable change in the area of affected nail by digital photography analysis. Patient satisfaction was a secondary outcome, measured using a single-item questionnaire scored by a 5-point Likert scale. <i>Results:</i> Fifteen of the 18 participants (83%) showed a positive treatment effect; 5 (27.8%) had a mycological and clinical cure at 48 weeks; 10 (55.6%) had partial clearance, and 3 (16.7%) showed no change. All 18 participants rated their satisfaction with the nail appearance at the end of the study as “satisfied” (n = 9) or “very satisfied” (n = 9). <i>Conclusions:</i> Vicks VapoRub seems to have a positive clinical effect in the treatment onychomycosis.
Fibrosing colonopathy in an adult owing to over use of pancreatic enzyme supplements
Authors: D S Bansi
Journal: Gut (2000)

A woman, then in her late 20s, underwent a cholecystectomy in 1962 for gallstone disease and subsequent common bile duct stones were managed endoscopically. However, because of unrelenting pain, a pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was done in 1990 and in the following years the patient took large amounts of pancreatic enzyme supplements. She developed large bowel obstruction in 1997 and a right hemicolectomy was undertaken. Histology confirmed fibrosing colonopathy of the ascending colon and caecum. Her pancreatic enzyme dose was reduced and her subsequent course has been uncomplicated.
Cisplatin-Based Therapy for Elderly Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Implications of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 5592, a Randomized Trial
Authors: Corey J. Langer, Judith Manola, Patricia Bernardo, John W. Kugler, Philip Bonomi, David Cella, David H. Johnson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: Older patients, even if fit, are often considered incapable of tolerating platinum-based systemic therapy. We performed a retrospective analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 5592, a phase III randomized trial of platinum-based chemotherapy regimens for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and compared outcomes in enrollees 70 years of age and older with those in younger patients. Methods: ECOG carried out a randomized phase III trial of cisplatin plus either etoposide or paclitaxel in chemotherapy-naïve NSCLC patients with stages IIIB or IV disease. Toxic effects, response rates, and survival rates were compared between age groups. All P values were two-sided. Results: A total of 574 patients enrolled from August 1993 through December 1994 were evaluable. Eighty-six (15%) were 70 years old or older. Older patients had a higher incidence of cardiovascular (P = .009) and respiratory (P = .04) comorbidities and nonanalgesic medication use (P = .02). Leukopenia (P<.001) and neuropsychiatric toxicity (P = .002) were more common in elderly men than in younger men. Elderly women lost more weight than younger women (P = .006). Other toxic effects were similar in older and younger patients. The proportions with clinical partial or complete response (21.5% versus 23.3%; Fisher's exact test, P = .66), median time to progression (4.37 versus 4.30 months; log-rank test, P = .29), and survival distribution (log-rank test, P = .29; median survival, 9.05 versus 8.53 months; 1-year survival, 38% versus 29%; and 2-year survival, 14% versus 12%) were similar in patients younger than 70 years and 70 years old or older. Baseline quality-of-life and treatment-outcome indices were similar. Equivalent declines over time in functional well-being occurred in both groups. Conclusion: Response rate, toxicity, and survival in fit, elderly NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based treatment appear to be similar to those in younger patients, although patients 70 years old or older have more comorbidities and can expect more leukopenia and neuropsychiatric toxicity. Advanced age alone should not preclude appropriate NSCLC treatment.