tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Online Reviews of Physicians
Authors: Dane Hill, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Biosynthesis and Regulation of Immunoglobulins
Authors: Randolph Wall, Michael Kuehl
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1983)

Immunoglobulin gene expression exhibits a number of intriguing regulatory features. Immunoglobulin genes undergo dynamic DNA rearrangements and somatic mutations. The expression of immunoglobulin genes exhibits allelic exclusion and isotypic exclusion. The developmental regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression during B cell differentiation is character­ ized by (a) the differential onset of heavy and light chain production, (b) great changes in the level of expression, and (c) transition from the insertion of immunoglobulin as antigen receptors in the lymphocyte membrane to its active secretion. Darnell (40, 41) and Brown (27) have recently reviewed the variety of transcriptional, post-transcriptional (e.g. RNA processing), and transla­ tional mechanisms employed in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expres­ sion. This review summarizes recent progress towards understanding the molecular mechanisms in immunoglobulin gene expression and regulation in the context of the developments in other eukaryotic genes. The complex array of lymphoid cell and lymphokine factor interactions that affect im­ munoglobulin gene expression are not considered here.
Effects of Ergothioneine, Cysteine, and Glutathione on Nitrosation of Secondary Amines Under Physiologic Conditions
Authors: Naomichi Kunisaki, Makoto Hayashi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The effects of ergothioneine, cysteine, and glutathione, which are naturally occurring sulfhydryl compounds, on the aerobic and anaerobic nitrosation of dimethylamine were studied at pH 2.0-7.0 and at 37 degrees C. Under aerobic conditions, ergothioneine increased the formation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) at all pH values tested, cysteine and glutathione had the same effect at pH 4.0-6.0, and cysteine formed DMN at pH 7.0. However, as compared to controls cysteine showed no increased effect in an O2 atmosphere at pH 6.0. The effects of sulfhydryl compounds on anaerobic nitrosation were more significant (p < 0.001) than on aerobic nitrosation, probably because these sulfhydryl compounds, except ergothioneine, are easily oxidized. Ergothioneine increased aerobic nitrosation almost as strongly as anaerobic nitrosation. The effects of sulfhydryl compounds, especially ergothioneine, on nitrosation at physiologic pH and temperature might be significant in the in vivo formation of N-nitrosamines in the hemorrhage or ulcerous gastrointestinal tract or injured organs.
Sleep Problems in Children with Developmental Disorders
Authors: Luci Wiggs
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

In 1905 Clement Dukes, a school doctor, made the following observation about the effects of sleep loss upon the children in his care1:


`...younger pupils are allotted the same number of hours as the seniors for sleep. What this means to the children is lowered vitality, apathy, bloodlessness, diminished growth of the body and brain. It renders the child an easy prey to disease [and] causes slight fainting attacks resembling these cases of epilepsy...'


Although the tone of his remarks may seem over-dramatic it is now well recognized that impaired sleep quantity or quality can have profound effects on daytime mood, behaviour, cognition, general performance and physiology2. When sleep disturbance is present in children it impacts not only upon the child's daytime functioning but also on that of the parents and the family at large; associations between childhood sleep problems and maternal stress, depression, poor marital relationships and even child abuse have been reported3,4.

The negative associations with childhood sleep problems are of particular concern in view of the high prevalence of sleep difficulties. Figures of about 25% of preschool children5, 43% of school-age prepubescent children6 and 33% of adolescents7 are given, and these are likely to be understimates. The reported rates of sleep disorders in children with developmental disorders are even higher. Rates vary depending upon the criteria used to define a `sleep problem' but examples reported are 49-89% of children with autistic spectrum disorders8, 25-50% of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)9 and 34-86% of children with intellectual disabilities10.

The sleep problems of children with developmental disorders deserve particular attention not least because of their prevalence but also because of their persistence and severity, the additional stress that they place upon carers, the contribution that sleep disturbance might be making to daytime difficulties with behaviour and cognition and the parents' ability to cope with them and, fortunately, the improvements in child and parent functioning that can follow successful treatment11.
Nonnutritive Sweeteners: Current Use and Health Perspectives
Authors: Christopher Gardner, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Samuel S. Gidding, Lyn M. Steffen, Rachel K. Johnson, Diane Reader, Alice H. Lichtenstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled “Dietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Health” (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 U.S. Dietary Guidelines (2). For this reason, the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake. The present statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association addresses the potential role of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) in helping Americans to adhere to this recommendation in the context of current usage and health perspectives.

By definition, NNS, otherwise referred to as very low-calorie sweeteners, artificial sweeteners, noncaloric sweeteners, and intense sweeteners, have a higher intensity of sweetness per gram than caloric sweeteners such as sucrose, corn syrups, and fruit juice concentrates. As a caloric sweetener replacement, they are added in smaller quantities; hence, they provide no or few calories. In our current food supply, NNS are widely used in thousands of beverages and other food products such as diet soft drinks, yogurts, desserts, and gum. Food manufacturers often use a blend of NNS or use a blend of sugar and NNS to improve the flavor acceptability of NNS. In developing this scientific statement, the writing group reviewed issues pertaining to NNS in the context of data on consumer attitudes, consumption patterns, appetite, hunger and energy intake, body weight, and components of cardiometabolic syndrome. The objective was to review the literature to determine whether there were adequate data to provide guidance for the use of NNS.

The focus of the statement is on the 6 NNS that are described in Table 1. Aspartame, acesulfame-K, neotame, saccharin, and sucralose are regulated as food additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and therefore had to be approved as safe before being marketed. Regarding stevia, …
A phase 1b clinical trial of the CD40-activating antibody CP-870,893 in combination with cisplatin and pemetrexed in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: A.K. Nowak, A.M. Cook, A.M. McDonnell, M.J. Millward, J. Creaney, R.J. Francis, A. Hasani, A. Segal, A.W. Musk, B.A. Turlach, M.J. McCoy, B.W.S. Robinson, R.A. Lake
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Repeated high-dose chemotherapy followed by purged autologous bone marrow transplantation as consolidation therapy in metastatic neuroblastoma.
Authors: O Hartmann, E Benhamou, F Beaujean, C Kalifa, O Lejars, C Patte, C Behard, F Flamant, A Thyss, A Deville
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Among 62 children over 1 year of age at diagnosis, who were treated for stage IV neuroblastoma, 33 entered complete remission (CR) or good partial remission (GPR) after conventional therapy and received high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with in vitro purged autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) as consolidation therapy. The HDC was a combination of carmustine (BCNU), teniposide (VM-26), and melphalan. Thirty-three patients received one course of this regimen, and 18 received two courses. At present, 16 of the 33 grafted patients are alive in continuous CR, with a median follow-up of 28 months. Toxicity of this regimen was tolerable, principally marked by bone marrow depression and gastrointestinal (GI) tract complications. Four complication-related deaths were observed. Relapse post-ABMT occurred most often in the bone marrow. Under this treatment, actuarial disease-free survival is improved compared with that observed under conventional therapy.
Antiarrhythmic Actions of Lidocaine
Authors: D C Harrison, K A Collinsworth
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1974)

anesthesiologist s for this purpose. In 1963, lidocaine's electro physiologic and clini­ cal effects were studied in postoperative cardiac surgery patients, with the conclu­ sion that it was effective in abolishing ventricular arrhythmias when given intravenously, and that it produced less circulatory depression than procainamide when given intravenously to this group of patients (2). With the development of coronary care units, the frequency of ventricular ar­ rhythmias in the early post infarction period was recognized. Lidocaine was then introduced for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia, and the concept docu­ mented that frequent ventricular premature beats often heralded more serious ven­ tricular tachycardia and fibrillation (3-5). Thus, lidocaine was administered continuously to patients with premonitory dysrhythmias, with the idea of prevent­ ing more serious abnormalities. This concept has not been fully verified, but in a controlled study, Morgenson (5) showed a lower incidence of arrhythmias and death
Nutrition in Renal Failure
Authors: Mackenzie Walser
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1983)

Retention azotee. Besoins proteiques chez les malades en predialyse, chez les enfants et ches les dialyses. Utilisation d'aminoacides essentiels. alimentation enterale et parenterale. Anomalies de l'equilibre acidobasique et du metabolisme des elements mineraux
The Burden of Health Care Costs for Patients With Dementia in the Last 5 Years of Life
Authors: Amy S. Kelley, Kathleen McGarry, Rebecca Gorges, Jonathan S. Skinner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Common diseases, particularly dementia, have large social costs for the U.S. population. However, less is known about the end-of-life costs of specific diseases and the associated financial risk for individual households.To examine social costs and financial risks faced by Medicare beneficiaries 5 years before death.Retrospective cohort.The HRS (Health and Retirement Study).Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, aged 70 years or older, who died between 2005 and 2010 (n = 1702), stratified into 4 groups: persons with a high probability of dementia or those who died because of heart disease, cancer, or other causes.Total social costs and their components, including Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, out-of-pocket spending, and informal care, measured over the last 5 years of life; and out-of-pocket spending as a proportion of household wealth.Average total cost per decedent with dementia ($287 038) was significantly greater than that of those who died of heart disease ($175 136), cancer ($173 383), or other causes ($197 286) (P < 0.001). Although Medicare expenditures were similar across groups, average out-of-pocket spending for patients with dementia ($61 522) was 81% higher than that for patients without dementia ($34 068); a similar pattern held for informal care. Out-of-pocket spending for the dementia group (median, $36 919) represented 32% of wealth measured 5 years before death compared with 11% for the nondementia group (P < 0.001). This proportion was greater for black persons (84%), persons with less than a high school education (48%), and unmarried or widowed women (58%).Imputed Medicaid, private insurance, and informal care costs.Health care expenditures among persons with dementia were substantially larger than those for other diseases, and many of the expenses were uncovered (uninsured). This places a large financial burden on families, and these burdens are particularly pronounced among the demographic groups that are least prepared for financial risk.National Institute on Aging.
Mg(II)-Catechin nanoparticles delivering siRNA targeting EIF5A2 inhibit bladder cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhenhua Chen, Ting Yu, Bangfen Zhou, Jinhuan Wei, Yong Fang, Jun Lu, Ling Guo, Wei Chen, Zhi-Ping Liu, Junhang Luo
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Proximal Tubules Have the Capacity to Regulate Uptake of Albumin
Authors: Mark C. Wagner, Silvia B. Campos-Bilderback, Mahboob Chowdhury, Brittany Flores, Xianyin Lai, Jered Myslinski, Sweekar Pandit, Ruben M. Sandoval, Sarah E. Wean, Yuan Wei, Lisa M. Satlin, Roger C. Wiggins, Frank A. Witzmann, Bruce A. Molitoris
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Evidence from multiple studies supports the concept that both glomerular filtration and proximal tubule (PT) reclamation affect urinary albumin excretion rate. To better understand these roles of glomerular filtration and PT uptake, we investigated these processes in two distinct animal models. In a rat model of acute exogenous albumin overload, we quantified glomerular sieving coefficients (GSC) and PT uptake of Texas Red-labeled rat serum albumin using two-photon intravital microscopy. No change in GSC was observed, but a significant decrease in PT albumin uptake was quantified. In a second model, loss of endogenous albumin was induced in rats by podocyte-specific transgenic expression of diphtheria toxin receptor. In these albumin-deficient rats, exposure to diphtheria toxin induced an increase in albumin GSC and albumin filtration, resulting in increased exposure of the PTs to endogenous albumin. In this case, PT albumin reabsorption was markedly increased. Analysis of known albumin receptors and assessment of cortical protein expression in the albumin overload model, conducted to identify potential proteins and pathways affected by acute protein overload, revealed changes in the expression levels of calreticulin, disabled homolog 2, NRF2, angiopoietin-2, and proteins involved in ATP synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that a regulated PT cell albumin uptake system can respond rapidly to different physiologic conditions to minimize alterations in serum albumin level.
Ultrasound ablation enhances drug accumulation and survival in mammary carcinoma models
Authors: Andrew W. Wong, Brett Z. Fite, Yu Liu, Azadeh Kheirolomoom, Jai W. Seo, Katherine D. Watson, Lisa M. Mahakian, Sarah M. Tam, Hua Zhang, Josquin Foiret, Alexander D. Borowsky, Katherine W. Ferrara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) facilitates noninvasive image-guided conformal thermal therapy of cancer. Yet in many scenarios, the sensitive tissues surrounding the tumor constrain the margins of ablation; therefore, augmentation of MRgFUS with chemotherapy may be required to destroy remaining tumor. Here, we used 64Cu-PET-CT, MRI, autoradiography, and fluorescence imaging to track the kinetics of long-circulating liposomes in immunocompetent mammary carcinoma-bearing FVB/n and BALB/c mice. We observed a 5-fold and 50-fold enhancement of liposome and drug concentration, respectively, within MRgFUS thermal ablation-treated tumors along with dense accumulation within the surrounding tissue rim. Ultrasound-enhanced drug accumulation was rapid and durable and greatly increased total tumor drug exposure over time. In addition, we found that the small molecule gadoteridol accumulates around and within ablated tissue. We further demonstrated that dilated vasculature, loss of vascular integrity resulting in extravasation of blood cells, stromal inflammation, and loss of cell-cell adhesion and tissue architecture all contribute to the enhanced accumulation of the liposomes and small molecule probe. The locally enhanced liposome accumulation was preserved even after a multiweek protocol of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes and partial ablation. Finally, by supplementing ablation with concurrent liposomal drug therapy, a complete and durable response was obtained using protocols for which a sub-mm rim of tumor remained after ablation.
Mortality Associated With Irinotecan Plus Bolus Fluorouracil/Leucovorin: Summary Findings of an Independent Panel
Authors: Mace L. Rothenberg, Neal J. Meropol, Elizabeth A. Poplin, Eric Van Cutsem, Scott Wadler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: To review and assign attribution for the causes of early deaths on two National Cancer Institute-sponsored cooperative group studies involving irinotecan and bolus fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (IFL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The inpatient, outpatient, and research records of patients treated on Cancer and Leukemia Group B protocol C89803 and on North Center Cancer Treatment Group protocol N9741 were reviewed by a panel of five medical oncologists not directly involved with either study. Each death was categorized as treatment-induced, treatment-exacerbated, or treatment-unrelated. RESULTS: The records of 44 patients who experienced early deaths on C89803 (21 patients) or N9741 (23 patients) were reviewed. Patients treated with irinotecan plus bolus 5-FU/leucovorin had a three-fold higher rate of treatment-induced or treatment-exacerbated death than patients treated on the other arm(s) of the respective studies. For C89803, these rates were 2.5% (16 of 635) for IFL versus 0.8% (five of 628) for bolus weekly 5-FU and leucovorin. For N9741, these rates were 3.5% (10 of 289) for IFL, 1.1% (three of 277) for oxaliplatin plus bolus and infusional 5-FU and leucovorin, and 1.1% (three of 275) for oxaliplatin plus irinotecan. Multiple gastrointestinal toxicities that often occurred together were characterized into a gastrointestinal syndrome. Sudden, unexpected thromboembolic events were characterized as a vascular syndrome. The majority of deaths in both studies were attributable to one or both of these syndromes. CONCLUSION: Close clinical monitoring, early recognition of toxicities and toxicity syndromes, aggressive therapeutic intervention, and withholding therapy in the presence of unresolved drug-related toxicities is recommended for patients receiving IFL or other intensive chemotherapy regimens.
Care that Matters: Quality Measurement and Health Care
Authors: Barry G. Saver, Stephen A. Martin, Ronald N. Adler, Lucy M. Candib, Konstantinos E. Deligiannidis, Jeremy Golding, Daniel J. Mullin, Michele Roberts, Stefan Topolski
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Everyone aspires to quality health care.Defining "quality" seems straightforward, yet finding metrics to measure health care is difficult, a point recognized by Donabedian [1] almost half a century ago.While we often associate quality with price, Americans have the world's most expensive health care system, yet have disappointing patient outcomes [2].As a means to improve outcomes and control costs, payers in the United States, United Kingdom, and elsewhere are increasingly using metrics to rate providers and health care organizations as well as to structure payment. Summary Points• There is limited evidence that many "quality" measures-including those tied to incentives and those promoted by health insurers and governments-lead to improved health outcomes.• Despite the lack of evidence, these measures and comparative "quality ratings" are used increasingly.
T Regulatory Cells Gone Bad: An Oncogenic Immune Response against Enterotoxigenic <i>B. fragilis</i> Infection Leads to Colon Cancer
Authors: Thergiory Irrazabal, Alberto Martin
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Abstract Summary: T regulatory cells trigger an oncogenic immune response against enterotoxigenic B. fragilis infection. The implications of an overall shift in the colonic homeostasis are discussed. Cancer Discov; 5(10); 1021–3. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Geis and colleagues, p. 1098.
North West Thames Registry of Neurological Disease
Authors: S Haberman, R Capildeo, B Benjamin, F Clifford Rose
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

A feasibility study has been carried out to determine whether a population-based registry of neurological disease can be established using the Hospital (Inpatient) Activity Analysis (HAA) records for England and Wales. The study provides a valuable opportunity to use and test the HAA system. The neurological disease chosen was the Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome (GBS), because it would be expected that most patients would be admitted to hospital, and recurrent attacks or chronicity are rare. In this study it has been demonstrated that, for GBS, a neurological registry, based on HAA records, provided an excellent source of data to measure the incidence of the disease and potentially any change of incidence over time. The proportion of coding errors was found to be under 5%.
Prognostic value of programmed-death-1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) in testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Z. Cierna, M. Mego, V. Miskovska, K. Machalekova, M. Chovanec, D. Svetlovska, K. Hainova, K. Rejlekova, D. Macak, S. Spanik, D. Ondrus, K. Kajo, J. Mardiak, P. Babal
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
FINGER AGNOSIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Alfred Strauss, Heinz Werner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

A 16-year-old boy shows somatically a diffuse cerebral process. With a mental retardation of 5 years 9 months, a retardation in reading of 4 years 5 months and in arithmetic of 6 years 8 months, this boy has a definite defect in the finger schema. In addition, he shows a disability in the grasp of spatial relations. A comparative investigation, using other mentally deficient children with relatively either exceptionally high or low arithmetic achievement, gave evidence of a relation between deficiency in the finger schema and a retardation in the development of number concept.
DNA Analysis in Genetic Disorders
Authors: C A Francomano, H H Kazazian
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1986)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Visual Areas of the Mammalian Cerebral Cortex
Authors: D C Van Essen
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1979)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More