tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Expected Life-Years Saved From Successful Prevention of End-Stage Renal Disease in Elderly Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Deng-Chi Yang, Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee, Chih-Cheng Hsu, Yu-Yin Chang, Ming-Cheng Wang, Wei-Hung Lin, Chia-Ming Chang, Jung-Der Wang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Because of the increasing incidence and prevalence of diabetes as a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the aging population, we estimated the expected life-years (LYs) saved from successful prevention of ESRD in elderly patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified all incidences of ESRD in the individuals &amp;gt;65 years of age who were receiving maintenance hemodialysis (N = 24,243) from the registry files of catastrophic illnesses in Taiwan from 1 July 1997 to 31 December 2005. We then retrospectively searched the database to determine whether there had been a diagnosis of diabetes in these cases. After the exclusion of individuals with malignancy (n = 3,423), we extrapolated the survival rates through the end of 2006 using the Monte Carlo method. Using the data of preventable ESRD cases due to diabetes and expected years of life lost (EYLL) in each age stratum, we further estimated the expected LYs saved from successful prevention of ESRD in elderly patients with diabetes. RESULTS The estimated average EYLL was 10.6–5.8 and 12.3–7.3 years for diabetic males and females, respectively, aged 65–79 years. In total, 5,430.1 LYs and 10,177 LYs could be saved by the successful prevention of ESRD in male and female elderly patients with diabetes, respectively, in a single year. CONCLUSIONS The LYs saved by successful prevention of ESRD in elderly patients with diabetes in a single year are substantial and deserve special attention, especially in elderly females.
Effects of selective COX-2 inhibitor and<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>eradication on precancerous gastric lesions
Authors: Benjamin C Y Wong, Lian Zhang, Jun-ling Ma, Kai-feng Pan, Ji-you Li, Lin Shen, Wei-dong Liu, Guo-shuang Feng, Xiao-dong Zhang, Jie Li, Ai-ping Lu, Harry H X Xia, Shiukum Lam, Wei-cheng You
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and overexpression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) are associated with gastric cancer and its precursors. To evaluate the effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor alone and combined with <i>H pylori</i> eradication on the evolution of precancerous gastric lesions, a randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Linqu County, Shandong Province, China. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 1024 participants aged 35–64 years with <i>H pylori</i> infection and advanced gastric lesions were randomly assigned in a factorial design to two interventions or placebo: anti-<i>H pylori</i> treatment for 7 days, and a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) for 24 months. The effects of the interventions were evaluated by the regression or progression of advanced gastric lesions. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 1024 participants who received anti-<i>H pylori</i> treatment or placebo, 919 completed a subsequent 24-month treatment with celecoxib or placebo. The <i>H pylori</i> eradication rate by per-protocol analysis was 78.2%. Compared with placebo, the proportions of regression of gastric lesions significantly increased in the celecoxib treatment (52.8% vs 41.2%) and anti-<i>H pylori</i> treatment (59.3% vs 41.2%) group, and OR by per-protocol analysis was 1.72 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.76) for celecoxib and 2.19 (95% CI 1.32 to 3.64) for <i>H pylori</i> eradication. No statistically significant effect was found for <i>H pylori</i> eradication followed by celecoxib on the regression of advanced gastric lesions (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.40). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This population-based intervention trial revealed that celecoxib treatment or <i>H pylori</i> eradication alone had beneficial effects on the regression of advanced gastric lesions. No favourable effects were seen for <i>H pylori</i> eradication followed by celecoxib treatment. <h3>Trial registration</h3> HARECCTR0500053 in accordance with WHO ICTRP requirements.
Microarray-based gene expression profiles in multiple tissues of the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Qingyou Xia, Daojun Cheng, Jun Duan, Genhong Wang, Tingcai Cheng, Xingfu Zha, Chun Liu, Ping Zhao, Fangyin Dai, Ze Zhang, Ningjia He, Liang Zhang, Zhonghuai Xiang
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

We designed and constructed a genome-wide microarray with 22,987 70-mer oligonucleotides covering the presently known and predicted genes in the silkworm genome, and surveyed the gene expression in multiple silkworm tissues on day 3 of the fifth instar. Clusters of tissue-prevalent and tissue-specific genes and genes that are differentially expressed in different tissues were identified, and they reflect well major tissue-specific functions on the molecular level. The data presented in this study provide a new resource for annotating the silkworm genome.
Exercise is beneficial for patients with Alzheimer's disease: a call for action
Authors: Alejandro Lucia, Jonatan R Ruiz
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurological disorder associated with ageing and has a global prevalence of 6% in people older than 65 years.1 It is also the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 50%–60% of all cases.2 The increase in life expectancy of the world population is expected to translate into many more cases of dementia—it is estimated that 1 in 85 persons worldwide will be affected by AD in 2050.1 Clearly, AD is a major public health problem.

To examine whether physical activity (PA) may influence the risk of AD requires a brief review of pathogenesis. Risk factors for the disease include advanced age, family history of dementia, low educational accomplishment and presence of the e4 isoform of the apolipoprotein E (apoE).3 ApoE e4 has been associated with all the AD-related biochemical disturbances such as β-amyloid deposition, tangle formation, oxidative stress, lipid homeostasis deregulation, synaptic plasticity loss and cholinergic dysfunction.3 Individuals who are homozygotes for the APOE e4 genotype have up to 15 times higher risk of developing AD compared with non-carriers.4 Further, the median age at AD onset is reduced from 84 years in non-e4 carriers to 68 years in e4 homozygotes.5 The presence of APOE e4 acts in synergy with several lifestyle factors (fat and alcohol intake, smoking and also physical inactivity) to increase the risk for AD.6

How does PA influence the biochemical disturbances described above?7/sup> In AD mouse models, 5 months of aerobic exercise delayed β-amyloid accumulation and enhanced the rate of learning.9 PA augmented brain plasticity10 by facilitating regenerative, …
Gastric emptying of a solid meal is accelerated by the removal of dietary fibre naturally present in food.
Authors: L Benini, G Castellani, F Brighenti, K W Heaton, M T Brentegani, M C Casiraghi, C Sembenini, N Pellegrini, A Fioretta, G Minniti
Journal: Gut (1995)

Exogenous fibre added to liquid meals delays gastric emptying. Its effect on solid meals is uncertain, and nothing is known of the effect on gastric emptying of fibre naturally present in food. This study therefore looked at gastric emptying of two different solid meals in eight healthy subjects and their blood glucose responses. The meals were exactly equivalent except for the total dietary fibre content (high fibre 20 g, low fibre 4 g of dietary fibre per 1000 kcal) and supplied 870 kcal (700 kcal women), 47% of which was from carbohydrates, 36% from fats, and 17% from proteins. Ultrasonography was used to measure antral diameters before the meal (basal), immediately after it (time 0), and at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 minutes. In addition, subjects filled in a questionnaire on their feelings of hunger, epigastric fullness, and satiety before the meal and at hourly intervals after it. Basal and maximal postprandial antral sections were similar for the two meals (basal section: 283.9 (29.5) v 340.9 (44.7) mm2 for the low and the high fibre meal, NS; maximal postprandial section: 1726 (101.9) v 1593 (120.4) mm2, NS). Total gastric emptying time was significantly reduced by fibre removal (186.0 (15.6) v 231.7 (17.3) minutes after the low and the high fibre meal, p &lt; 0.05). Blood glucose was higher after the low fibre meal, and the area under the glycaemic curve significantly greater (226 (23.1) v 160 (20.0) mmol/min/dl-1, p &lt; 0.05). No difference was found in satiety or fullness feelings, but hunger returned more rapidly after the low fibre meal. In conclusion, fibre naturally present in food delays gastric emptying of a solid meal, reduces the glycaemic response, and delays the return of hunger.
Principles of molecular rheumatology.
Authors: T W J HUIZINGA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Principles of molecular rheumatology. Ed G C Tsokos. (Pp545; $145) Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press, 2000. ISBN 0-89603-773-8.

During the past decade enormous progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of the rheumatic diseases at the molecular level. This textbook is timely because its …
IL-17/Th17 mediated synovial inflammation is IL-22 independent
Authors: Jan Piet van Hamburg, Odilia B J Corneth, Sandra M J Paulissen, Nadine Davelaar, Patrick S Asmawidjaja, Adriana M C Mus, Erik Lubberts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Interleukin (IL)-17A and Th17 cells are critically involved in T cell-mediated synovial inflammation. Besides IL-17A, Th17 cells produce IL-22. Recently, Th22 cells were discovered, which produce IL-22 in the absence of IL-17. However, it remains unclear whether IL-22 and Th22 cells contribute to T cell-mediated synovial inflammation. Therefore, we examined the potential of IL-22 and Th22 cells to induce synovial inflammation and whether IL-22 is required for T cell-mediated experimental arthritis.Peripheral and synovial Th17 and Th22 cells were identified and sorted from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Co-culture experiments of these primary T cell populations with RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) were performed. The in vivo IL-22 contribution to synovial inflammation was investigated by inducing T cell-mediated arthritis in IL-22 deficient mice and wild-type mice.Peripheral Th17 and Th22 cell populations were increased in patients with RA and present in RA synovial fluid. In T cell-RASF co-cultures, IL-22 in the presence of IL-17A had limited effects on IL-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3 production. Furthermore, primary peripheral blood and synovial Th17 cells were more potent in the induction of these factors by RASF compared with Th22 cells. In line with this, similar synovial inflammation and disease severity was found between IL-22 deficient and wild-type mice in T cell-mediated experimental arthritis.These findings show that IL-17A/Th17 cell-mediated synovial inflammation is independent of IL-22 and Th22 cells. This implies that targeting IL-17A/Th17 cells, rather than IL-22/Th22 cells, should be the focus for treatment of T cell-mediated synovial inflammation.
Terbinafine hydrochloride oral granules versus oral griseofulvin suspension in children with tinea capitis: Results of two randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter, international, controlled trials∗
Authors: Boni E. Elewski, Hector W. Cáceres, Liberation DeLeon, Saleh El Shimy, Judy A. Hunter, Nicolay Korotkiy, Ingrid Johnson Rachesky, Victoria Sanchez-Bal, Gail Todd, LindaAnn Wraith, Bin Cai, Amir Tavakkol, Rajesh Bakshi, Judit Nyirady, Sheila Fallon Friedlander
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2008)
Identification of cyanobacterial non-coding RNAs by comparative genome analysis.
Authors: Ilka M Axmann, Philip Kensche, Jörg Vogel, Stefan Kohl, Hanspeter Herzel, Wolfgang R Hess
Journal: Genome biology (2005)

Abstract Background Whole genome sequencing of marine cyanobacteria has revealed an unprecedented degree of genomic variation and streamlining. With a size of 1.66 megabase-pairs, Prochlorococcus sp. MED4 has the most compact of these genomes and it is enigmatic how the few identified regulatory proteins efficiently sustain the lifestyle of an ecologically successful marine microorganism. Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) control a plethora of processes in eukaryotes as well as in bacteria; however, systematic searches for ncRNAs are still lacking for most eubacterial phyla outside the enterobacteria. Results Based on a computational prediction we show the presence of several ncRNAs (cyanobacterial functional RNA or Yfr) in several different cyanobacteria of the Prochlorococcus-Synechococcus lineage. Some ncRNA genes are present only in two or three of the four strains investigated, whereas the RNAs Yfr2 through Yfr5 are structurally highly related and are encoded by a rapidly evolving gene family as their genes exist in different copy numbers and at different sites in the four investigated genomes. One ncRNA, Yfr7, is present in at least seven other cyanobacteria. In addition, control elements for several ribosomal operons were predicted as well as riboswitches for thiamine pyrophosphate and cobalamin. Conclusion This is the first genome-wide and systematic screen for ncRNAs in cyanobacteria. Several ncRNAs were both computationally predicted and their presence was biochemically verified. These RNAs may have regulatory functions and each shows a distinct phylogenetic distribution. Our approach can be applied to any group of microorganisms for which more than one total genome sequence is available for comparative analysis.
Molecular Basis for Angiotensin II-Induced Increase of Chloride/Bicarbonate Exchange in the Myocardium
Authors: Bernardo V. Alvarez, Jocelyne Fujinaga, Joseph R. Casey
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Plasma membrane anion exchangers (AEs) regulate myocardial intracellular pH (pH(i)) by Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange. Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates protein kinase C (PKC) and increases anion exchange activity in the myocardium. Elevated anion exchange activity has been proposed to contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Our Northern blots showed that adult rat heart expresses AE1, AE2, AE3fl, and AE3c. Activity of each AE isoform was individually measured by following changes of pH(i), associated with bicarbonate transport, in transfected HEK293 cells. Exposure to the PKC activator, PMA (150 nmol/L), increased the transport activity of only the AE3fl isoform by 50+/-11% (P<0.05, n=6), consistent with the increase observed in intact myocardium. Cotransfection of HEK293 cells with AE3fl and AT1(a)-Ang II receptors conferred sensitivity of anion transport to Ang II (500 nmol/L), increasing the transport activity by 39+/-3% (P<0.05, n=4). PKC inhibition by chelerythrine (10 micromol/L) blocked the PMA effect. To identify the PKC-responsive site, 7 consensus PKC phosphorylation sites of AE3fl were individually mutated to alanine. Mutation of serine 67 of AE3 prevented the PMA-induced increase of anion transport activity. Inhibition of MEK1/2 by PD98059 (50 micromol/L) did not affect the response of AE3fl to Ang II, indicating that PKC directly phosphorylates AE3fl. We conclude that following Ang II stimulation of cells, PKCepsilon phosphorylates serine 67 of the AE3 cytoplasmic domain, inducing the Ang II-induced increase in anion transport observed in the hypertrophic myocardium.
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas unspecified presenting in the skin: analysis of prognostic factors in a group of 82 patients
Authors: Marcel W. Bekkenk, Maarten H. Vermeer, Patty M. Jansen, Ariënne M. W. van Marion, Marijke R. Canninga-van Dijk, Philip M. Kluin, Marie-Louise Geerts, Chris J. L. M. Meijer, Rein Willemze
Journal: Blood (2003)
Outcome of Elderly Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Athanassios Argiris, Yi Li, Barbara A. Murphy, Corey J. Langer, Arlene A. Forastiere
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Purpose To evaluate the outcome of elderly patients with head and neck cancer undergoing palliative chemotherapy. Patients and Methods We analyzed combined data from two mature phase III randomized trials conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG; trial E1393, which compared cisplatin plus paclitaxel at two dose levels, and trial E1395, which compared cisplatin plus fluorouracil to cisplatin plus paclitaxel) to evaluate the toxicity, objective response rates, and survival of patients 70 years or older versus their younger counterparts. All patients had previously untreated recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and ECOG performance status 0 or 1. Results Fifty-three elderly patients were enrolled from a total of 399 eligible participants (13%). Elderly patients had similar objective response rates (28% v 33%) and median time to progression (5.25 v 4.8 months) compared with younger patients. The median survival was 5.3 v 8 months (Wilcoxon P = .06; log-rank P = .17) and the 1-year survival 26% v 33% for elderly and younger patients, respectively. Elderly patients had a significantly higher incidence of severe nephrotoxicity, diarrhea, and thrombocytopenia. A higher rate of toxic deaths was noted in the elderly but did not reach statistical significance (13% v 8%; P = .29). Conclusion Elderly patients were underrepresented in these studies. Fit elderly patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer sustained increased toxicities with cisplatin-based doublets but had comparable survival outcomes compared with younger patients. Strategies to ameliorate toxicities should be pursued in the elderly.
Introduction of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase to Normal Human Fibroblasts Enhances DNA Repair Capacity
Authors: Ki-Hyuk Shin, Mo K. Kang, Erica Dicterow, Ayako Kameta, Marcel A. Baluda, No-Hee Park
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: From numerous reports on proteins involved in DNA repair and telomere maintenance that physically associate with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), we inferred that hTERT/telomerase might play a role in DNA repair. We investigated this possibility in normal human oral fibroblasts (NHOF) with and without ectopic expression of hTERT/telomerase. Experimental Design: To study the effect of hTERT/telomerase on DNA repair, we examined the mutation frequency rate, host cell reactivation rate, nucleotide excision repair capacity, and DNA end-joining activity of NHOF and NHOF capable of expressing hTERT/telomerase (NHOF-T). NHOF-T was obtained by transfecting NHOF with hTERT plasmid. Results: Compared with parental NHOF and NHOF transfected with empty vector (NHOF-EV), we found that (a) the N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced mutation frequency of an exogenous shuttle vector was reduced in NHOF-T, (b) the host cell reactivation rate of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-damaged plasmids was significantly faster in NHOF-T; (c) the nucleotide excision repair of UV-damaged DNA in NHOF-T was faster, and (d) the DNA end-joining capacity in NHOF-T was enhanced. We also found that the above enhanced DNA repair activities in NHOF-T disappeared when the cells lost the capacity to express hTERT/telomerase. Conclusions: These results indicated that hTERT/telomerase enhances DNA repair activities in NHOF. We hypothesize that hTERT/telomerase accelerates DNA repair by recruiting DNA repair proteins to the damaged DNA sites.
Appropriate Use of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in a Veteran Population
Authors: David E. Winchester, Ryan Meral, Scott Ryals, Rebecca J. Beyth, Leslee J. Shaw
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

in Canada.Direct-to-consumer advertising may have helped escalate niacin use, specifically Niaspan in the United States, with its prominent "intervention-style" ads. 11 Our study is limited in that we did not have access to patient-level data to determine whether niacin prescribing was clinically appropriate.Our study only evaluated the prescription niacin market; niacin use likely exceeds our estimates since some niacin products can be purchased over the counter.In conclusion, our study shows that prescription niacin sales are substantial and growing, even in the absence of contemporary supportive trial evidence.The discordance between sales and evidence should be a focus of professional dialogue about the role of this medication in the medical armamentarium.
Cardiac Support Device Modifies Left Ventricular Geometry and Myocardial Structure After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Aaron S. Blom, Rupak Mukherjee, James J. Pilla, Abigail S. Lowry, William M. Yarbrough, Joseph T. Mingoia, Jennifer W. Hendrick, Robert E. Stroud, Julie E. McLean, John Affuso, Robert C. Gorman, Joseph H. Gorman, Michael A. Acker, Francis G. Spinale
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Whether mechanical restraint of the left ventricle (LV) can influence remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remains poorly understood. This study surgically placed a cardiac support device (CSD) over the entire LV and examined LV and myocyte geometry and function after MI. Methods and Results— Post-MI sheep (35 to 45 kg; MI size, 23±2%) were randomized to placement of the CorCap CSD (Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc) (MI+CSD; n=6) or remained untreated (MI only; n=5). Uninstrumented sheep (n=10) served as controls. At 3 months after MI, LV end-diastolic volume (by MRI) was increased in the MI only group compared with controls (98±8 versus 43±4 mL; P &lt;0.05). In the MI+CSD group, LV end-diastolic volume was lower than MI only values (56±7 mL; P &lt;0.05) but remained higher than controls ( P &lt;0.05). Isolated LV myocyte shortening velocity was reduced by 35% from control values ( P &lt;0.05) in both MI groups. LV myocyte β-adrenergic response was reduced with MI but normalized in the MI+CSD group. LV myocyte length increased in the MI group and was reduced in the MI+CSD group. Relative collagen content was increased and matrix metalloproteinase-9 was decreased within the MI border region of the CSD group. Conclusions— A CSD beneficially modified LV and myocyte remodeling after MI through both cellular and extracellular mechanisms. These findings provide evidence that nonpharmacological strategies can interrupt adverse LV remodeling after MI.