tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Haematopoietic malignancies in rheumatoid arthritis: lymphoma risk and characteristics after exposure to tumour necrosis factor antagonists
Authors: J Askling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of malignant lymphomas, and maybe also of leukaemia and multiple myeloma. The effect of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists on lymphoma risk and characteristics is unclear. <b>Objective:</b> To assess expected rates and relative risks of haematopoietic malignancies, especially those associated with TNF antagonists, in large population based cohorts of patients with RA. <b>Methods:</b> A population based cohort study was performed of patients with RA (one prevalent cohort (n = 53 067), one incident cohort (n = 3703), and one TNF antagonist treated cohort 1999 through 2003 (n = 4160)), who were linked with the Swedish Cancer Register. Additionally, the lymphoma specimens for the 12 lymphomas occurring in patients with RA exposed to TNF antagonists in Sweden 1999 through 2004 were reviewed. <b>Results:</b> Study of almost 500 observed haematopoietic malignancies showed that prevalent and incident patients with RA were at increased risk of lymphoma (SIR = 1.9 and 2.0, respectively) and leukaemia (SIR = 2.1 and 2.2, respectively) but not of myeloma. Patients with RA treated with TNF antagonists had a tripled lymphoma risk (SIR = 2.9) compared with the general population. After adjustment for sex, age, and disease duration, the lymphoma risk after exposure to TNF antagonists was no higher than in the other RA cohorts. Lymphomas associated with TNF antagonists had characteristics similar to those of other RA lymphomas. <b>Conclusion:</b> Overall, patients with RA are at equally increased risks for lymphomas and leukaemias. Patients with RA treated with TNF antagonists did not have higher lymphoma risks than other patients with RA. Prolonged observation is needed to determine the long term effects of TNF antagonists on lymphoma risk.
Liver enzymes and risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Results of the Firenze Bagno a Ripoli (FIBAR) study
Authors: Matteo Monami, Gianluca Bardini, Caterina Lamanna, Laura Pala, Barbara Cresci, Paolo Francesconi, Eva Buiatti, Carlo M. Rotella, Edoardo Mannucci
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Risk compensation, motivation, injuries, and biomechanics in competitive sport
Authors: A S McIntosh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The two-thirds of patients with epilepsy who become seizure-free have a quality of life (QOL) similar to the general population. The major treatment challenge is patients with refractory epilepsy. Whereas neurologists typically focus on seizure reduction in the treatment of these patients, results of studies relating seizure frequency to QOL are conflicting. As depression is associated with reduced QOL in epilepsy and antiepileptic medications (AEDs) can cause depression, it is important to determine the relative roles of depression and seizure frequency in QOL in refractory epilepsy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Prospective evaluation was conducted of patients with refractory epilepsy being admitted to an inpatient video-EEG monitoring unit. The impact of clinical variables (age, sex, marital status, seizure frequency, duration and type of seizure disorder, seizure localization, number of AEDs, depression) on QOL was analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Depression was a powerful predictor of QOL (n = 122, β = −35.8, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). No other variable predicted QOL. Depression was common (54%), severe (19% with suicidal thoughts), underdiagnosed (37%), and largely untreated (17% on antidepressants). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Treatment of depression may be inadequately prioritized in the management of intractable epilepsy.
Chromosomal Analysis of Tumors Derived From Mouse Cells After Neoplastic Conversion &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; in Various Serum-Supplemented Media&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ram Parshad, Katherine K. Sanford
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

In a previous study, cells from two different pools of C3Hf mouse embryo cells were cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with different types of serum. The type of serum supplement influenced the chromosomal characteristics of the cells and also the time of their neoplastic conversion. In testing the cells for evidence of neoplastic conversion, we implanted a large inoculum of cells into syngeneic hosts. Of the implanted cells, only a portion might have been neoplastic. To define more clearly the chromosomal characteristics of the neoplastic components of the cell populations in vitro and to look for any common patterns of chromosomal constitution in the tumors, we examined the chromosomal characteristics of 14 tumors arising from the cell implants. A wide and sometimes characteristic distribution of chromosome numbers occurred in the tumor cells similar to that observed in each subline in vitro. These observations strongly suggest that most of the karyotypically diverse cells in culture were neoplastic and capable of continued progressive growth in vivo. No common pattern of chromosomal constitution in the different tumors could be detected. The occurrence of long acrocentrics and other asymmetric chromosomes in the tumor cells and their scarcity in the cells in vitro indicate that chromosomes of the tumor cells underwent more numerous breakages and that these occurred at random along their lengths rather than at or near the centromere, as observed in the cells in vitro.
Regulatory MiR‐148a‐ACVR1/BMP circuit defines a cancer stem cell‐like aggressive subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lian Li, Yuexin Liu, Yan Guo, Ben Liu, Yanrui Zhao, Pei Li, Fengju Song, Hong Zheng, Jingpu Yu, Tianqiang Song, Ruifang Niu, Qiang Li, Xin Wei Wang, Wei Zhang, Kexin Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and the third most common cancer in Asia. HCC has heterogeneous etiologic and molecular profiles and a varied response to therapeutics. The high recurrence rate and curtailed survival in this cancer are attributed to its resistance to therapy. The ultimate goal is to develop a more effective personalized therapeutic strategy for HCC, but the first step is to develop a system for classifying the disease on the basis of molecular biomarkers. To that end, we performed mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling in 100 HCC tissues. Clustering analysis of informative genes identified two robust subtypes, which were validated by an independent dataset. The subtype characterized by a cancer stem cell-like signature was clinically aggressive and associated with poor survival. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in this subtype showed that miR-148a was expressed at a significantly lower level in these tumors than in the other subtype. MiR-148a has been shown to directly suppress the expression of activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1), a key receptor in the signaling pathway of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which regulate many stem cell markers as well as the clinically important cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). Increased expression of ACVR1 and its downstream genes EPCAM, CD24, CD90, and IL-8 was associated with shorter survival in a larger cohort of 227 HCC cases. Introduction of miR-148a resulted in suppressed tumor phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo.
Generation of Interferon α–Producing Predendritic Cell (Pre-Dc)2 from Human Cd34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Bianca Blom, Stephen Ho, Svetlana Antonenko, Yong-Jun Liu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Upon viral stimulation, the natural interferon (IFN)-α/β–producing cells (IPCs; also known as pre-dendritic cells (DCs 2) in human blood and peripheral lymphoid tissues rapidly produce huge amounts of IFN-α/β. After performing this innate antiviral immune response, IPCs can differentiate into DCs and strongly stimulate T cell–mediated adaptive immune responses. Using four-color immunofluorescence flow cytometry, we have mapped the developmental pathway of pre-DC2/IPCs from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells in human fetal liver, bone marrow, and cord blood. At least four developmental stages were identified, including CD34++CD45RA− early progenitor cells, CD34++CD45RA+ late progenitor cells, CD34+CD45RA++CD4+interleukin (IL)-3Rα++ pro-DC2, and CD34−CD45RA++ CD4+IL-3Rα++ pre-DC2/IPCs. Pro-DC2s have already acquired the capacity to produce large amounts of IFN-α/β upon viral stimulation and to differentiate into DCs in culture with IL-3 and CD40 ligand. CD34++CD45RA− early progenitor cells did not have the capacity to produce large amounts of IFN-α/β in response to viral stimulation; however, they can be induced to undergo proliferation and differentiation into IPCs/pre-DC2 in culture with FLT3 ligand.
Dominant role of hepatitis B virus and cofactor role of aflatoxin in hepatocarcinogenesis in Qidong, China
Authors: Lihua Ming, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, Mitchell H. Gail, Peixin Lu, Curtis C. Harris, Nengjin Wang, Yongfu Shao, Zhiyuan Wu, Guoting Liu, Xiaohong Wang, Zongtang Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

We assessed the separate and combined effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and aflatoxin in causing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Qidong, China. A consecutive series of 181 pathologic-diagnosed HCC cases were studied for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBc, HBV X gene sequence, anti-HCV, the 249ser-p53 mutation, and chronic hepatitis pathology. Each of the 181 incident HCC cases had markers for HBV infection and hepatitis pathology; only 6 of 119 cases were coinfected with HCV. The 249ser-p53 mutation was found in 54% (97/181) of HCC cases and in all 7 cases with tissue for analysis from the hepatitis cohort but in none of 42 matched cases from Beijing. The estimated cumulative dose of aflatoxin B1 in these 7 cases ranged from 0.13 to 0.49 mg/kg. Follow-up data through 13.25 years on a cohort of 145 men with chronic HBV hepatitis showed that the relative risk from aflatoxin exposure was 3.5 (1.5-8.1). A similar relative risk was found using 249ser-p53 mutation as a marker for aflatoxin exposure. In conclusion, HBV hepatitis is ubiquitous in Qidong HCC cases, whereas HCV contributes little to its risk. The 249ser-p53 mutation appears to result from coexposure to aflatoxin and HBV infection. Even modest levels of aflatoxin exposure tripled the risk of HCC in HBV-infected men.
Relationship between fetal growth and the development of asthma and atopy in childhood
Authors: P. Leadbitter, N. Pearce, S. Cheng, M. R Sears, M D. Holdaway, E. M Flannery, G P. Herbison, R. Beasley
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> A study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between birth anthropometric measures and the subsequent development of asthma, airway hyperresponsiveness, and atopy in later childhood. <h3>METHODS</h3> A longitudinal study was performed on 734 subjects (71%) from a cohort of children born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972–73. The birth anthropometric measures were available from hospital records and the main outcome measures of reported asthma, skin prick tests, and methacholine hyperresponsiveness were measured at the age of 13 years, while the serum total IgE was measured at 11 years. <h3>RESULTS</h3> After adjustment for other factors, infants with a larger head circumference at birth tended to have higher serum total IgE at 11 years of age (p = 0.02) but IgE was not associated significantly with birth length or birth weight. The adjusted odds ratio for raised serum IgE (&gt;150 IU/ml) in infants with a head circumference of 37 cm or more was 3.4 (95% CI 1.4 to 7.9). In contrast, recent asthma symptoms were positively associated with birth length (p = 0.04) but not with head circumference. The adjusted odds ratio for asthma in the previous two years in infants with a birth length of 56 cm or more was 6.4 (95% CI 2.0 to 19.8). Infants with a birth weight of less than 3.0 kg had an odds ratio for reported asthma of 0.2 (95% CI 0.0–0.6). There were no significant associations of any of the birth parameters with skin prick positivity, reported hay fever, or eczema. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> These results suggest that increased fetal growth is related to an increased risk of asthma and atopy in childhood. The precision of the findings is limited by the small numbers in the extreme categories of each birth parameter, but the results are consistent with intrauterine programming of the developing respiratory and immune systems.
Long-term relapses after 12-month treatment for Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease
Authors: M Santin, J Dorca, F Alcaide, L Gonzalez, S Casas, M Lopez, M R Guerra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Long-lasting therapy for Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease with rifampin-containing multidrug regimens is needed to avoid relapses. The aim of the present study is to evaluate a short multidrug treatment regimen for M. kansasii lung disease. A retrospective observational study of 75 patients with M. kansasii lung disease was conducted in a teaching hospital from January 1990 to December 2005. In total, 75 (67.6%) out of 111 patients diagnosed with M. kansasii lung disease completed a 12-month multidrug treatment regimen, including rifampin, isoniazid and ethambutol, supplemented with streptomycin during the first 2–3 months. After a 41.5-month median follow-up, five (6.6%) patients relapsed. The relapse rate was 2.19 (95% confidence interval 0.71–5.12) per 100 person·yrs. Treatment compliance was considered to be appropriate in all five patients and no drug resistance developed in any case. In conclusion, a 12-month fixed-course treatment is effective in most cases of Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease, but may not be long enough for all patients.
AORTIC VALVULOPLASTY IN NEONATES WITH CRITICAL AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS: A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE OF 207 PATIENTS AFTER UP TO 20 YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Paolo Guccione, Ornella Milanesi, Sandra Giusti, Pierluigi Colonna, Adele Borghi, Roberto Formigari, Ugo Vairo, Giuseppe Santoro, Mario Carminati, Gabriele Vignati, Fulvio Gabarrini, Lucilla Ravà, Giacomo Pongiglione
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The inguinal release procedure for groin pain: initial experience in 73 sportsmen/women
Authors: C D Mann, C D Sutton, G Garcea, D M Lloyd
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

To assess the impact of the laparoscopic inguinal release procedure with mesh reinforcement on athletes with groin pain.Prospective cohort study.Private sector.Professional and amateur sportsmen/women undergoing the inguinal release for groin pain.Change in patient's symptoms, functional limitation and time to resuming sporting activity following surgery.73 sportsmen/women underwent laparoscopic inguinal release in the study period, 37 (51%) of whom were professionals. 95% were male with a median age of 30 years. Following operation, patients returned to light training at a median of 1 week, full training at 3 weeks (professionals-2 weeks) and playing competitively at 4 weeks (professionals-3 weeks). 74% considered themselves match-fit by 4 weeks (84% of professionals). Following surgery, there was a highly significant improvement in frequency of pain, severity of pain and functional limitation in both the whole cohort and professional group. 88% reported a return to full fitness at follow-up, with 73% reporting complete absence of symptoms. 97% of the cohort thought the operation had improved their symptoms.This study shows that the laparoscopic inguinal release procedure may be effective in the treatment of a subgroup of athletes with groin pain.
CTLA-4 CT60 polymorphism is not an independent genetic risk marker of rheumatoid arthritis in a Japanese population
Authors: S Tsukahara, T Iwamoto, K Ikari, E Inoue, T Tomatsu, M Hara, H Yamanaka, N Kamatani, S Momohara
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) molecule belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is a critical down-regulatory molecule expressed on T cells that inhibits T cell activation and maintains peripheral tolerance.1 Previous meta-analyses indicated that exon 1 +49G (rs231775) on CTLA-4 could be a possible genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).2 3 It causes a non-synonymous substitution in the CTLA-4 protein and has been suggested to influence inhibitory function of CTLA-4 by changing the cell surface expression.4 Recently, CT60 (rs3087243), another polymorphism on 3′ untranslated region, was identified as a disease causal variant for a variety of autoimmune diseases.5 The result was confirmed in a large-scale population of European descent with RA and in a Han Chinese population with RA. …
The Treatment of Esophageal Varices
Authors: J Terblanche, J E Krige, P C Bornman
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1992)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Vascular Catheters with a Nonleaching Poly-Sulfobetaine Surface Modification Reduce Thrombus Formation and Microbial Attachment
Authors: Roger S. Smith, Zheng Zhang, Michael Bouchard, Jun Li, Heather S. Lapp, Gregory R. Brotske, David L. Lucchino, Douglas Weaver, Laurence A. Roth, Arthur Coury, John Biggerstaff, Sivaprasad Sukavaneshvar, Robert Langer, Christopher Loose
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Poly-sulfobetaine surface modification on a vascular catheter inhibits microbial adherence and thrombosis.
Electron microscopy of desquamative interstitial pneumonia
Authors: J. R. Shortland, C. S. Darke, W. A. J. Crane
Journal: Thorax (1969)

The clinical, radiographical, and physiological picture of two patients suffering from desquamative interstitial pneumonia is described. The diagnosis was established by lung biopsy when the characteristic histological features were found on light microscopy. The dramatic response to adequate corticosteroid therapy is recorded, and attention is directed to the danger of serious relapse on early withdrawal of this treatment and the subsequent satisfactory response to a second course. Electron microscopical studies of the tissue from one patient add materially to the understanding of the clinical course and the nature of the tissue response. At the ultrastructural level the attenuated membranous (type 1) pneumonocytes which normally line the alveoli were replaced by granular (type 2) pneumonocytes. The desquamated intra-alveolar cells comprised two main groups. These were granular pneumonocytes, similar to those lining the alveoli, and smaller numbers of macrophages. The cytopathic effects of virus infection were not detected by light or electron microscopy.
Removal of plasma porphyrins with high-flux hemodialysis in porphyria cutanea tarda associated with end-stage renal disease.
Authors: R W Carson, E J Dunnigan, T D DuBose, D E Goeger, K E Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Plasma porphyrin levels are markedly increased in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) associated with end-stage renal disease. Conventional hemodialysis (CHD) with lower blood flow rates (less than 250 mL/min) and cuprophan or cellulose acetate membranes is ineffective in removing significant amounts of porphyrins in this condition. Changes in plasma porphyrin levels and porphyrin clearances during hemodialysis with higher blood flow rates and more-permeable, high-efficiency cellulose acetate and high-flux polysulfone dialyzers were evaluated in a chronic hemodialysis patient with PCT and markedly elevated plasma porphyrins. The polysulfone membrane achieved significantly better fractional porphyrin removal (P = 0.02) and porphyrin clearances (P less than 0.01) than did the high-efficiency cellulose acetate membrane. After conversion from maintenance CHD with a standard cellulose acetate dialyzer to a 4-wk period of high-flux hemodialysis (HFHD) with a polysulfone dialyzer, predialysis plasma porphyrins fell by 37%. After returning to CHD, plasma porphyrins returned to the higher prestudy levels. These observations suggest that HFHD with more permeable membranes and higher blood flow rates removes porphyrins more effectively than does CHD. HFHD may be a useful adjunct to other measures used in treating dialysis patients with PCT.
An unusual case of colitis
Authors: S Payne
Journal: Gut (2004)

Background and aims: The exact nature of the epithelial barrier defect in Crohn's disease remains to be elucidated.Previously we showed increased permeability to proteins in ileal Crohn's disease.Our aims were to study if this barrier defect (a) involves endocytotic uptake of antigens and (b) is related to low grade inflammation not detectable by histology.Methods: Macroscopically normal segments of distal ileum of Crohn's disease patients (n = 10) were subgrouped into non-inflamed (histologically unaffected) and slightly inflamed tissues and studied in Ussing chambers, with normal ileal specimens from colon cancer patients (n = 9) as controls.Endocytotic uptake into enterocytes of the protein antigen horseradish peroxidase was assessed by measuring the area of horseradish peroxidase containing endosomes in electron photomicrographs.Mucosal tumour necrosis factor a (TNF-a) mRNA was quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction.For comparison, the effects of low doses of TNF-a on endosomal uptake of horseradish peroxidase were studied in cultured T84 cells grown on filter supports.Results: The area of horseradish peroxidase containing endosomes was increased (p,0.001) in enterocytes of non-inflamed ileum of Crohn's disease (2.8 (0.7) mm 2 /300 mm 2 ) compared with control ileum (0.6 (0.06)).In non-inflamed mucosa, a significant association between endosomal uptake and mucosal expression of TNF-a mRNA (p = 0.03) was found.Low concentrations of TNF-a (0.25-1.0 ng/ml) enhanced the endosomal uptake of horseradish peroxidase in polarised T84 cells, without affecting transepithelial electrical resistance.Conclusions: Our findings suggest increased endosomal uptake of antigens in ileal Crohn's disease that may be mediated by TNF-a.These data highlight the transcellular route of antigen uptake in barrier dysfunction and implicate the interaction between epithelial cells and the innate immune system in the development of mucosal inflammation.