tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer Surgery Among American Indians
Authors: Abraham Markin, Elizabeth B. Habermann, Yanrong Zhu, Anasooya Abraham, Jasjit S. Ahluwalia, Selwyn M. Vickers, Waddah B. Al-Refaie
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Importance: American Indians (AIs) have the poorest cancer survival rates of any US ethnic group.Late diagnosis, poor access to specialty care, and delays in therapy likely contribute to excess mortality.Surgery plays a central role in therapy for solid organ cancer.Objective: To determine whether operative outcomes also contribute to poor long-term survival among AI patients with cancer.Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study comparing patient-and hospital-level factors and shortterm operative outcomes for AI and non-Hispanic white patients.Survey-weighted multivariate analyses assessed the effect of AI ethnicity on hospital location, inhospital mortality, and prolonged length of stay.Setting: A 20% stratified sample of all US community hospitals.Patients: Patients undergoing oncologic resection for 1 of 20 malignant neoplasms in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2009.Main Outcome Measure: In-hospital mortality, length of stay, and hospital location (rural vs urban).Results: Of 740 878 patients who met our inclusion criteria, 3048 were AIs.The AI patients were younger, more likely to undergo cancer surgery at rural hospitals, and more likely to be admitted for nonelective procedures and had more comorbidities than non-Hispanic white patients of similar ages (all, P Ͻ .05).The AI patients had comparable inpatient mortality and length of stay. Conclusions and Relevance:This investigation is the largest study of surgical outcomes among AIs to date and the first to focus on cancer surgery.This relatively young cohort does not experience poor outcomes after oncologic resection.Future research should uncover other factors in the continuum of cancer care that may contribute to the poor long-term survival of AI patients with cancer, including delivery of perioperative therapies.
Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Transmission by Immunization
Authors: H S Margolis, P J Coleman, R E Brown, E E Mast, S H Sheingold, J A Arevalo
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the outcome of immunization strategies to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —A decision model was used to determine the incremental effects of the following hepatitis B immunization strategies in a birth cohort receiving immunization services in the public sector: (1) prevention of perinatal HBV infection, (2) routine infant vaccination, or (3) routine adolescent vaccination. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Over the lifetime of the cohort, the reduction in infections and medical and work-loss costs of HBV-related liver disease were determined for each strategy and compared with the outcome without immunization. <h3>Results.</h3> —Prevention of perinatal infection and routine infant vaccination would lower the 4.8% lifetime risk of HBV infection by at least 68%, compared with a 45% reduction for adolescent vaccination. From a societal perspective, each strategy was found to be cost saving, but was not cost saving with respect to direct medical costs. The estimated cost per year of life saved was $164 to prevent perinatal HBV infection, $1522 for infant vaccination, and $3730 for adolescent vaccination. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Routine vaccination of infants in successive birth cohorts to prevent HBV transmission is cost-effective over a wide range of assumptions. While economically less attractive than infant vaccination, adolescent vaccination could serve to protect those children who were not vaccinated as infants. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1201-1208)
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with the use of temozolomide
Authors: D. Koschel, S. Handzhiev, V. Leucht, O. Holotiuk, A. Fisseler-Eckhoff, G. Höffken
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The aim of the present study was to investigate a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with the use of temozolomide in the treatment of gliosarcoma. A 54-yr-old female developed dyspnoea, cough and hypoxia after surgical resection for gliosarcoma and adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy with temozolomide. A high-resolution computed tomography scan of the thorax showed a bilateral ground-glass pattern. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsies was performed. Bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated significant lymphocytic alveolitis and transbronchial lung biopsies revealed lymphocytic infiltration with foamy macrophages, consistent with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. There was no evidence of other causes, including infections. After withdrawing temozolomide and initiating prednisolone therapy, the patient had no further pulmonary symptoms. To the present authors’ knowledge, this is the first definitively described case of temozolomide-associated hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Body Mass and Glucocorticoid Response in Asthma
Authors: E. Rand Sutherland, Elena Goleva, Matthew Strand, David A. Beuther, Donald Y. M. Leung
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Obesity may alter glucocorticoid response in asthma.To evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) and glucocorticoid response in subjects with and without asthma.Nonsmoking adult subjects underwent characterization of lung function, BMI, and spirometric response to prednisone. Dexamethasone (DEX, 10(-6) M)-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) and baseline tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bronchoalveolar lavage cells. The relationship between BMI and expression of MKP-1 and TNF-alpha was analyzed.A total of 45 nonsmoking adults, 33 with asthma (mean [SD] FEV(1)% of 70.7 [9.8]%) and 12 without asthma were enrolled. DEX-induced PBMC MKP-1 expression was reduced in overweight/obese versus lean patients with asthma, with mean (+/- SEM) fold-induction of 3.11 (+/-0.46) versus 5.27 (+/-0.66), respectively (P = 0.01). In patients with asthma, regression analysis revealed a -0.16 (+/-0.08)-fold decrease in DEX-induced MKP-1 per unit BMI increase (P = 0.04). PBMC TNF-alpha expression increased as BMI increased in subjects with asthma, with a 0.27 unit increase in log (TNF-alpha [ng/ml]) per unit BMI increase (P = 0.01). The ratio of PBMC log (TNF-alpha):DEX-induced MKP-1 also increased as BMI increased in patients with asthma (+0.09 +/- 0.02; P = 0.004). In bronchoalveolar lavage cells, DEX-induced MKP-1 expression was also reduced in overweight/obese versus lean patients with asthma (1.36 +/- 0.09-fold vs. 1.76 +/- 0.15-fold induction; P = 0.05). Similar findings were not observed in control subjects without asthma.Elevated BMI is associated with blunted in vitro response to dexamethasone in overweight and obese patients with asthma.
Evidence for a Gram-positive, Eubacterial Root of the Tree of Life
Authors: R. G. Skophammer, J. A. Servin, C. W. Herbold, J. A. Lake
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Directed indels, insertions, and deletions within paralogous genes, have the potential to root the tree of life. Here we apply a newly developed rooting algorithm, top-down rooting, to indels found in informational and operational gene sets, introduce new computational tools for indel analyses, and present evidence (P < .01) that the root of the tree of life is not present in its traditional location, between the Eubacteria and the Archaebacteria. Using indels contained in the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase/uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase gene pair and in the ribosomal protein S12/beta prime subunit of the RNA polymerase gene pair, we exclude the root from within the clade consisting of the Firmicutes plus the Archaebacteria and their most recent common ancestor. These results, plus previous directed indel studies excluding the root from the eukaryotes, restrict the root to just four possible sites. One potential root is on the branch leading to the double-membrane prokaryotes, another is on the branch leading to the Actinobacteria, another is within the Actinobacteria, and the fourth is on the branch leading to the Firmicutes–Archaea clade. These results imply (1) that the cenancestral population was not hyperthermophilic, but moderate thermophily cannot be excluded for the root on the branch leading to the Firmicutes–Archaea clade, (2) that the cenancestral population was surrounded by ester lipids and a peptidoglycan layer, and (3) that parts of the mevalonate synthesis pathway were present in the population ancestral to the Bacilli and the Archaebacteria, including geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase, an enzyme thought to be partially responsible for the unique sn-1 stereochemistry of the archaeal glycerol phosphate backbone.
An evaluation of antioxidant effects on recovery from postischemic acute renal failure.
Authors: R A Zager, S M Fuerstenberg, P H Baehr, D Myerson, B Torok-Storb
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and hydroxyl radical (.OH) formation are widely proposed mediators of renal reperfusion injury, potentially altering the severity of, and recovery from, postischemic acute renal failure. The goal of this study was to ascertain whether combination XO inhibitor (oxypurinol) and .OH scavenger (Na benzoate) therapy, given at the time of renal ischemia, alters the extent of: (1) tubular necrosis and filtration failure; (2) DNA fragmentation/apoptosis (assessed in situ by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase reactivity); (3) early tubular regenerative responses (proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression; (3H)thymidine incorporation); and (4) the rate and/or degree of functional and morphologic repair. The effects of XO inhibition, .OH scavengers, and "catalytic" iron (FeSO4) on human proximal tubular cell proliferation in vitro were also assessed with a newly established cell line (HK-2). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 35 min of bilateral renal arterial occlusion with or without oxypurinol/benzoate therapy. These agents did not alter the extent of tubular necrosis or filtration failure, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression or thymidine incorporation, or the rate/extent of renal functional/morphologic repair. DNA fragmentation did not precede tubular necrosis, and it was unaffected by antioxidant therapy. By 5 days postischemia, both treatment groups demonstrated regenerating epithelial fronds that protruded into the lumina. These structures contained terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-reactive, but morphologically intact, cells, suggesting the presence of apoptosis. Oxypurinol and .OH scavengers (benzoate; dimethylthiourea) suppressed in vitro tubular cell proliferation; conversely, catalytic Fe had a growth-stimulatory effect. These results suggest that: (1) XO inhibition/.OH scavenger therapy has no discernible net effect on postischemic acute renal failure; (2) DNA fragmentation does not precede tubular necrosis, suggesting that it is not a primary mediator of ischemic cell death; and (3) antioxidants can be antiproliferative for human tubular cells, possibly mitigating their potential beneficial effects.
Gene transfer experiment in humans meets with scant approval
Authors: R. S. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

When Martin J. Cline, MD, of the UCLA School of Medicine announced his recent trial of gene transfer in humans outside the United States, some thought it might be the opening of a new era in the treatment of genetic diseases. But this first attempt to use genetic engineering methods to treat patients directly has aroused the criticism of the community of scientists who are most involved in recombinant DNA research. Although most of the critics say they hope that therapy of this kind will eventually work, they believe that this attempt had no reasonable probability of success. Both clinicians and basic scientists in the fields of recombinant DNA research and hematology are concerned that Cline was brash and used poor scientific judgment in attempting such an experiment at this time. In the meantime, Cline has resigned as chief of the Division of Hematology-Oncology at the medical school while UCLA's
Prevalence of Joint Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women Taking Aromatase Inhibitors for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Katherine D. Crew, Heather Greenlee, Jillian Capodice, George Raptis, Lois Brafman, Deborah Fuentes, Alex Sierra, Dawn L. Hershman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) improve survival in postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer, but can cause joint pain and stiffness. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for AI-related joint symptoms.We performed a cross-sectional survey of consecutive postmenopausal women receiving adjuvant AI therapy for early-stage hormone-sensitive breast cancer at an urban academic breast oncology clinic. Patients completed a 25-item self-administered questionnaire assessing the presence of joint symptoms that started or worsened after initiating AIs. Multivariate regression was used to compare those with AI-related arthralgia with those who did not report symptoms, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors.Of 200 patients who completed the survey, 94 (47%) reported having AI-related joint pain and 88 (44%) reported AI-related joint stiffness. In multiple logistic regression analysis, being overweight (body mass index of 25 to 30 kg/m(2)) and prior tamoxifen therapy were inversely associated with AI-related joint symptoms. Patients who received taxane chemotherapy were more than four times more likely than other patients to have AI-related joint pain and stiffness (odds ratio [OR] = 4.08, 95% CI, 1.58 to 10.57 and OR = 4.76; 95% CI, 1.84 to 12.28, respectively).Our study suggests that AI-related joint symptoms are more prevalent than what has been described previously in clinical trials. The success of AI therapy depends on patients' ability to adhere to treatment recommendations; therefore, additional studies of interventions that may alleviate these symptoms are needed.
A PROBLEM IN SEX PATHOLOGY
Authors: VERNON W. GRANT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

1.Attention is called to the phenomenon of sexual fetishisms as one in which the problem of deviated sexual aim is defined, in its stimulus aspect, with exceptional sharpness. 2. A case history is presented illustrating (a) onset in childhood; (b) highly specialized character of the fetish; (c) extraordinary strength of the impulse; (d) evidence of an "amorous" component in the response to the fetish. 3. In the setting of this case and a number of others, some contemporary theory is examined with regard to its adequacy for certain features of the data on fetishisms, with special reference to the principle of conditioning. The psychoanalytic interpretation is briefly discussed, also Binet's observation on near-normal varieties of fetishism.
Losartan in Marfan Syndrome—Beyond Blood Pressure Lowering
Authors: J.P. Habashi, D.P. Judge, T.M. Holm, R.D Cohn, B. Loeys, T.K. Cooper, L. Myers, E.C. Klein, G. Liu, C. Calvi, M. Podowski, E.R. Neptune, M.K. Halushka, D. Bedja, K. Gabrielson, D.B. Rifkin, L. Carta, F. Ramirez, D.L. Huso, H.C. Dietz
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Marfan syndrome is a disease resulting from a mutation of the gene coding for fibrillin-1 ([1][1]), a protein that forms fibrils in the extracellular matrix, thus depleting elastic tissue of a key building block. As a result, the ascending aorta of these patients weakens and enlarges progressively,
Prognostic Value of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity as Index of Arterial Stiffness in the General Population
Authors: Tine Willum Hansen, Jan A. Staessen, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Susanne Rasmussen, Lutgarde Thijs, Hans Ibsen, Jørgen Jeppesen
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Few population studies addressed the prognostic significance of aortic pulse wave velocity (APWV) above and beyond other cardiovascular risk factors.We studied a sex- and age-stratified random sample of 1678 Danes aged 40 to 70 years. We used Cox regression to investigate the prognostic value of APWV, office pulse pressure (PP), and 24-hour ambulatory PP while adjusting for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and other covariates. Over a median follow-up of 9.4 years, the incidence of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular end points, cardiovascular mortality, and fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease amounted to 154, 62, and 101 cases, respectively. We adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, MAP measured in the office (conventional PP and APWV) or by ambulatory monitoring (24-hour PP), smoking, and alcohol intake. With these adjustments, APWV maintained its prognostic significance in relation to each end point (P<0.05), whereas office and 24-hour PP lost their predictive value (P>0.19), except for office PP in relation to coronary heart disease (P=0.02). For each 1-SD increment in APWV (3.4 m/s), the risk of an event increased by 16% to 20%. In sensitivity analyses, APWV still predicted all cardiovascular events after standardization to a heart rate of 60 beats per minute, after adjustment for 24-hour MAP instead of office MAP, and/or after additional adjustment for the ratio of total to HDL serum cholesterol and diabetes mellitus at baseline.In a general Danish population, APWV predicted a composite of cardiovascular outcomes above and beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including 24-hour MAP.
Yin and yang, or peas in a pod? Individual-sport versus team-sport athletes and altitude training
Authors: Robert J Aughey, Martin Buchheit, Laura A Garvican-Lewis, Gregory D Roach, Charli Sargent, François Billaut, Matthew C Varley, Pitre C Bourdon, Christopher J Gore
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

The question of whether altitude training can enhance subsequent sea-level performance has been well investigated over many decades. However, research on this topic has focused on athletes from individual or endurance sports, with scant number of studies on team-sport athletes. Questions that need to be answered include whether this type of training may enhance team-sport athlete performance, when success in team-sport is often more based on technical and tactical ability rather than physical capacity per se. This review will contrast and compare athletes from two sports representative of endurance (cycling) and team-sports (soccer). Specifically, we draw on the respective competition schedules, physiological capacities, activity profiles and energetics of each sport to compare the similarities between athletes from these sports and discuss the relative merits of altitude training for these athletes. The application of conventional live-high, train-high; live-high, train-low; and intermittent hypoxic training for team-sport athletes in the context of the above will be presented. When the above points are considered, we will conclude that dependent on resources and training objectives, altitude training can be seen as an attractive proposition to enhance the physical performance of team-sport athletes without the need for an obvious increase in training load.
Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial of an Epidermal Growth Factor Vaccine in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Elia Neninger Vinageras, Ana de la Torre, Marta Osorio Rodríguez, Mauricio Catalá Ferrer, Idania Bravo, Mario Mendoza del Pino, Daniel Abreu Abreu, Soraida Acosta Brooks, Rolando Rives, Concepción del Castillo Carrillo, Marta González Dueñas, Carmen Viada, Beatriz García Verdecia, Tania Crombet Ramos, Gisela González Marinello, Agustín Lage Dávila
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

We show the result of a randomized phase II clinical trial with an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-based cancer vaccine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, evaluating immunogenicity, safety, and effect on survival.Eighty patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC after finishing first-line chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive best supportive care or EGF vaccinations.Vaccination was safe. Adverse events were observed in less than 25% of cases and were grade 1 or 2 according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria. Good anti-EGF antibody response (GAR) was obtained in 51.3% of vaccinated patients and in none of the control group. Serum EGF concentration showed a major decrease in 64.3% of vaccinated patients. GAR patients survived significantly more than those with poor antibody response (PAR). Also, patients whose serum EGF dropped below 168 pg/mL survived significantly more than the rest. There was a trend to an increased survival for vaccinated patients compared with controls. The survival advantage for vaccinated patients compared with controls was statistically significant in the subgroup of patients with age younger than 60 years.Vaccination with EGF was safe and provoked an increase in anti-EGF antibody titers and a decrease in serum EGF. There was a direct correlation between antibody response and survival. There was a direct correlation between decrease in serum EGF and survival. In patients younger than 60 years, vaccination was associated with increased survival.
Endogenous Versus Tumor-Specific Host Response to Breast Carcinoma: A Study of Stromal Response in Synchronous Breast Primaries and Biopsy Site Changes
Authors: Julie M. Wu, Andrew H. Beck, Lisa L. Pate, Daniela Witten, Shirley X. Zhu, Kelli D. Montgomery, Kimberly H. Allison, Matt van de Rijn, Robert B. West
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: We recently described two types of stromal response in breast cancer derived from gene expression studies of tenosynovial giant cell tumors and fibromatosis. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the basis of this stromal response—whether they are elicited by individual tumors or whether they represent an endogenous host reaction produced by the patient. Experimental Design: Stromal signatures from patients with synchronous dual primaries were analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray (n = 26 pairs) to evaluate the similarity of stromal responses in different tumors within the same patient. We also characterized the extent to which the stromal signatures were conserved between stromal response to injury compared to the stromal response to carcinoma using gene expression profiling and tissue microarray immunohistochemistry. Results: The two stromal response signatures showed divergent associations in synchronous primaries: the DTF fibroblast response is more likely to be similar in a patient with multiple breast primaries (permutation analysis P = 0.0027), whereas CSF1 macrophage response shows no significant concordance in separate tumors within a given patient. The DTF fibroblast signature showed more concordance across normal, cancer, and biopsy site samples from within a patient, than across normal, cancer, and biopsy site samples from a random group of patients, whereas the CSF1 macrophage response did not. Conclusions: The results suggest that the DTF fibroblast response is host-specific, whereas the CSF1 response may be tumor-elicited. Our findings provide further insight into stromal response and may facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies to target particular stromal subtypes. Clin Cancer Res; 17(3); 437–46. ©2010 AACR.