tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Soft Tissues: Trauma and Sports Injuries
Authors: W N Dodds
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed G R McLarchie, C M E Lennox Butterworth Heinemann, (Pounda Sterling)45, pp 485 ISBN 0-7506-0170-1

Soft tissue trauma is often neglected, yet many of us spend our time in out-patient clinics dealing with conditions affecting these tissues. As long ago as 1940 Reginald Watson-Jones was quoted as saying, “It is worse to sprain an ankle than to break it,” because soft tissue injuries are often ignored, with consequent morbidity.

Damage to soft tissue may be the same whether incurred during sporting activities or from non-sporting trauma, and The Soft Tissues usefully groups the pathology and management …
Abstract 4099: F-box protein 10, an NF-κB-dependent anti-apoptotic protein, regulates TRAIL-induced apoptosis through modulating c-Fos/c-FLIP pathway
Authors: Rongbin Ge, Zongwei Wang, Qing Zeng, Xiaoyin Xu, Aria Olumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) holds great promise as a potential anti-cancer agent, but some tumors develop resistance to TRAIL. AP-1 family member, c-Fos, is an important modulator of apoptosis. Although F-box protein 10 (FBXL10) has been implicated to regulate an AP-1 family protein, significance and mechanism of FBXL10 in apoptosis has not been investigated. Methods: In this study, different types of TRAIL-sensitive cells (A498, PC3, MBA-MD-231) and TRAIL-resistant cells (LNCaP, PC3TR) were used, and a quantitative analysis of apoptosis was performed by using MTS and caspase-3, PARP activity assay and flow cytometry assay of annexin V- and propidium iodide-stained cells. RNAi, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), EMSA, hydrodynamic-based transfection, oligonucleotide decoy technologies were performed to analyze the molecular interaction between FBXL10, c-Fos and NF-κB. The anti-apoptotic role of FBXL10 in vivo was analyzed by Lexatumumab (an agonistic human monoclonal antibody against TRAIL-R2) intravenous injection into mice carrying xenograft prostate cancers. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: We found that FBXL10 was suppressed and c-Fos was upregulated in TRAIL sensitive cancer cells and xenografts after treatment with TRAIL. However, in TRAIL resistant cancer cells and xenografts, FBXL10 and c-Fos were not affected. Expression of FBXL11, a FBXL10 homologous protein and c-Jun, was not affected by TRAIL. Silencing of FBXL10 sensitized resistant cells to TRAIL. Conversely, over-expression of FBXL10 repressed TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To behave as an anti-apoptotic molecule, we found that FBXL10 directly binds and represses c-Fos promoter in vitro and in vivo. In addition, FBXL10 regulates c-FLIP, another anti−apoptotic molecule, by a c-Fos dependent pathway. We also found that expression of FBXL10 is NF-κB – dependent, and TRAIL or proteasome inhibitors down-regulate FBXL10 via inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Using ChIP, EMSA assays and oligonucleotide decoy technologies, we found that NF-κB -p65 directly binds the FBXL10 promoter in vivo and in vitro, and promotes expression of FBXL10. Conclusions: Differentiating molecular mechanisms between TRAIL sensitive and TRAIL resistant cancer cells will improve the efficacy of apoptotic therapies for cancer patients. In this study, we demonstrate a novel functional role for FBXL10 as an anti-apoptotic molecule, and describe a new apoptotic mediated pathway that involves NF-κB/FBXL10/c-Fos/c-FLIP. Therefore, silencing FBXL10 can help overcome resistant cancer cells for pro-apoptotic therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4099. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4099
Esophagoscopy in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Max G. Carter, Norman Zamcheck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE prompt diagnosis of the cause of bleeding in patients with hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract is difficult. Patients bleeding from esophageal varices must be distinguished from those bleeding from other lesions because prognosis as well as therapy depends on the cause of bleeding. Furthermore, a decision for emergency surgery requires early diagnosis. This paper illustrates the value of esophagoscopy in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.MethodDuring a ten-month period members of the Thoracic Surgery Service of the Boston City Hospital performed esophagoscopy on 14 patients with severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Nine of these 14 patients were examined . . .
<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 and the Hemolytic–Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Thomas G. Boyce, David L. Swerdlow, Patricia M. Griffin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In the decade since its initial description in the Journal, 1 Escherichia coli O157:H7 has emerged as a major cause of both sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrhea in North America. The first report described outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness that were associated with the consumption of undercooked ground beef from a chain of fast-food restaurants. At the time, little was known about the pathophysiology, epidemiology, or clinical sequelae of infection with E. coli O157:H7. Since that report, several studies have shown that infection with E. coli O157:H7 is responsible for most cases of the hemolytic–uremic syndrome, which is a major cause . . .
Phenomenology of adolescent and adult mania in hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: S L McElroy, S M Strakowski, S A West, P E Keck, B J McConville
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Although available data suggest that bipolar disorder most commonly begins in adolescence, it has often been underrecognized and misdiagnosed in this age group. The authors hypothesized that this might in part be because adolescent mania is phenomenologically different from adult mania. To test this hypothesis, they compared a cohort of adolescents hospitalized for acute mania with a group of hospitalized acutely manic adults.The authors compared symptomatic differences between 40 adolescent (ages 12-18 years) and 88 adult (ages 19-45 years) bipolar patients hospitalized for acute mania. They also compared the two groups with respect to demographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity, family history, and short-term outcome.Compared with adults, adolescent patients displayed a significantly higher rate of mixed bipolar disorder and a significantly lower rate of psychotic features (by DSM-III-R criteria), as well as higher ratings for many depressive symptoms (including suicidality and depressed mood) and lower ratings for thought disorder and delusions. Adolescents also displayed a significantly lower rate of substance abuse and significantly higher rates of familial mood disorder and drug abuse or dependence.Significant differences were found in the phenomenology of adolescent and adult mania in this study. The reasons for these differences are not known. Possible explanations include artifact due to methodological limitations and differences between adolescents and adults in familial loading for mood or substance use disorders or in developmental or maturational stage.
Induction Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Will History Repeat Itself?
Authors: Athanassios Argiris
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2005)

Locally advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer remains a therapeutic challenge for multidisciplinary teams. Despite high objective response rates, induction chemotherapy has not resulted in tangible benefit in multiple randomized trials. In recent years, as most evidence solidified the role of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation as either primary or postoperative therapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer, induction chemotherapy fell out of scope and practice. The failure of older randomized trials to show a survival benefit from induction chemotherapy can be attributed to several factors. It is possible that the predominance of locoregional failure did not allow any added benefit from better systemic control to translate into a survival advantage. Alternatively, seemingly active chemotherapy regimens may have been suboptimal. Nevertheless, recent developments have altered our perception of head and neck cancer and its treatment. Locoregional control has dramatically improved with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Of note is that none of the previously conducted randomized trials of induction chemotherapy used concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the control arm. Moreover, we witnessed the development of better combination regimens that improved efficacy in the induction setting. The previously standard cisplatin/5-fluoruracil (5-FU) combination is being replaced by the triple combination of taxane/cisplatin/5-FU. Randomized trials showed that increased activity with the triplet regimen resulted in improved long-term disease control and survival. Finally, cetuximab, an active epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, is entering clinical practice and is expected to change the standard of therapy. With the emergence of more efficacious systemic therapies, the role of induction therapy warrants reevaluation. A number of randomized trials are planned or currently ongoing to investigate concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without induction. These trials are anticipated to redefine the role of induction chemotherapy for head and neck cancer.
SAT0420 Prognostic factors for non-success in patients with sciatica and disc herniation
Authors: A.J. Haugen, J.I. Brox, L. Grøvle, A. Keller, B. Natvig, D. Soldal, M. Grotle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Few studies have investigated prognostic factors for patients with sciatica, especially for patients treated without surgery [1]. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with non-success after 1 and 2 years of follow-up. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was a prospective observational study from four hospitals in Norway including 466 patients with sciatica and lumbar disc herniation. Potential prognostic factors were sociodemographic characteristics, back pain history, kinesiophobia, emotional distress, pain, comorbid subjective health complaints and clinical examination findings. Study participation did not alter treatment considerations for the patients in the clinics. Patients reported on the questionnaires if surgery of the disc herniation had been performed. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate factors associated with non-success, defined as Maine–Seattle Back Questionnaire score of ≥5 (0–12) [2]. <h3>Results</h3> At 1 and 2 year follow-ups, the rates of non-success were 44% and 39%, respectively. Approximately 1/3 of the patients were treated surgically. In the final multivariate model, non-success at 1 year was significantly associated with being male (OR1.7 [95% CI; 1.1-2.7]), smoker (2.1 [1.3-3.3]), more back pain (1.0 [1.01-1.02]), more comorbid subjective health complaints (1.1 [1.0-1.2]), reduced tendon reflex (1.6 [1.01-1.02]), and not treated surgically (3.0 [1.8-5.0]). Further, factors significantly associated with non-success at 2 years were duration of back problems &gt;1 year (1.9 [1.1-3.3]), duration of sciatica &gt;3 months (2.3 [1.4-3.8]), more comorbid subjective health complaints (1.1 [1.0-1.1]) and kinesiophobia (1.04 [1.00-1.08]). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The absence of surgical treatment during the observation period was associated with non-success at the 1-year follow-up, but not at the 2-year follow-up. Prognosis of sciatica was only weakly associated with sciatica-specific clinical findings, and more strongly associated with pain, comorbid subjective health complaints and kinesiophobia. <h3>References</h3> Ashworth J, Konstantinou K, Dunn KM. Prognostic Factors in Non-Surgically Treated Sciatica: A Systematic Review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011;12:208. Haugen AJ, Grovle L, Brox JI, Natvig B, Keller A, Soldal D, Grotle M. Estimates of success in patients with sciatica due to lumbar disc herniation depend upon outcome measure. Eur Spine J 2011;20:1669-1675. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
P5-20-06: Survival in Women with Breast Cancer Who Used or Did Not Use Scalp Cooling in the Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Setting.
Authors: J Lemieux, L Perron, L Provencher, J Brisson, C Amireault, C Blanchette, E Maunsell
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Scalp cooling can prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Success varies according to the type of chemotherapy. A controversy exists regarding the use of scalp cooling because of the lack of safety data. No data are available regarding the impact on survival. Purpose: To compare overall survival in women who used or did not use scalp cooling in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting. Method: The survival of women treated in a specialized breast cancer centre (the Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschěnes-Fabia) in Quebec City who all used scalp cooling was compared to that of a population-based random sample of women treated in other regions of the province of Quebec (Canada) where scalp cooling is not available. Cox proportional hazard models were used. Results: Overall, survival was comparable (and possibly better although not at a conventionally statistically significant level: HR = 0.80, 95 % CI: 0.63−1.01, p=0.06) among the 553 women who used scalp cooling compared to the 817 who did not. An interaction was found between scalp cooling and treatment in the adjuvant vs. neoadjuvant setting (p-interaction=0.015). In the adjuvant setting (n=485 scalp cooling and 740 no scalp cooling), the crude HR (in favour of scalp cooling) was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.50−0.87, p=0.003). In the neoadjuvant setting (n=68 scalp cooling and 77 no scalp cooling), the HR was 1.40 (95% CI: 0.84−2.33, p=0.2). No interaction was found with stage. Conclusion: This is the first study to compare survival of women who used scalp cooling to that of women who did not. Scalp cooling to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia had no negative effect on survival in women with breast cancer who used it. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-20-06.
P875 FIRST CASE REPORT OF A PATIENT WITH FIBROSING CHOLESTATIC HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION TREATED WITH SOFOSBUVIR AND SIMEPREVIR
Authors: M. Lang, S. Polywka, J. Kluwe, L. Fischer, S. Jordan, M. Lütgehetmann, B. Nashan, A.W. Lohse, M. Sterneck
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Endoscopic Ultrasonography Detects Cholelithiasis in Patients with Biliary Colic and Negative Transabdominal Ultrasonography
Authors: Q Xie
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for detecting gallstones in patients with biliary colic and negative transabdominal ultrasonography (TUS).
THU0313 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies (ANCA) Positivity as a Red Flag of Severe Disease in Lupus Nephritis.
Authors: L. Messuti, E. Gremese, L. Petricca, M. R. Gigante, G. Marino, M. Nowik, G. Ferraccioli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The presence of vasculitis is a well-documented finding in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but it is not yet clear if antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) play a pathogenetic role or if their positivity is only an epiphenomenon of ANA positivity. Several studies examined this relationship but there are differences in the results and conclusions, although an association with the renal involvement was described (1). <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the prevalence of ANCA positivity in a SLE cohort, its association with clinical characteristics and the possible clinical implications of ANCA detection. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively evaluated the presence of p- and c-ANCA in a cohort of 223 SLE patients (86.5% female, mean age 42.0±14.5, mean follow-up 5.3±3.6 years) in relationship with clinical manifestations, in particular lupus nephritis. Serum ANCA was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and positivity was considered as values &gt; 2 standard deviation (SD). <h3>Results</h3> 40 out of 223 SLE patients (17.9%) were identified as ANCA-positive (ANCA+). 11/40 (27.5%) ANCA+ patients had a lupus nephritis, 9/40 had a neurological involvement, while the remaining patients had a minor organ involvement, articular, cutaneous, serositic and/or haematologic. No difference was observed in the prevalence of ANCA positivity between patients with lupus nephritis (11/76, 14.5%) and patients with no renal involvement (29/147, 19.7%, p=ns). Six out of the 11 SLE nephritis ANCA+ patients (54.5%) had a p-ANCA specificity, 2 (18.2%) had a c-ANCA specificity and 3 (27.3%) were both p- and c-ANCA positive. Analyzing the 76 patients with renal involvement, we observed that 5/11 patients (45.5%) with ANCA+ lupus nephritis developed chronic renal failure in the follow-up compared to 11/65 (16.9%) with ANCA negative (ANCA-) lupus nephritis (p=0.03). Moreover, 3/11 (27.3%) ANCA+ lupus nephritis developed an end stage renal disease requiring chronic haemodialytic treatment, compared to 3/65 patients (4.6%) with ANCA- lupus nephritis (p=0.03). The median age was 44 years in ANCA+ and 39 in ANCA- SLE nephritis subjects (p=0.02). The ANCA became negative during the follow-up after steroid treatment in all patients. No differences were observed between ANCA+ and ANCA- SLE patients with no renal involvement. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Data suggest that the positivity of ANCA do not associate with a more severe disease, but it seems to associate with a worse prognosis of a specific organ involvement. ANCA become negative in the course of the disease, therefore they should be evaluated at the disease onset as predictors of renal damage. <h3>References</h3> Sen D, Lupus 2003: 12(9):651-8. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
PMO-082 Outcomes after “through the peg” placement of jejunal extensions
Authors: M C Donnelly, R McKay, D Barber, A W McKinlay, J S Leeds
Journal: Gut (2012)

Introduction Percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG-J) placement by conventional techniques is technically demanding, time consuming and its use is often limited by jejunal tube dysfunction. We aim to describe our outcomes using a “through the PEG” technique of jejunal extension placement. Methods PEG-J placement in our unit is based upon the technique described by Berger et al in 1996. Briefly, a 28Fr PEG tube is inserted and an ultrathin endoscope (4.5 mm) is passed through the PEG tube into the stomach and deep into the small bowel. A guidewire is passed down the endoscope and the endoscope withdrawn leaving the guidewire in place. A 12Fr jejunal extension is passed over the guidewire and inserted fully until seated in the PEG tube. A retrospective review of all PEG-J procedures covering the period 2006–2010 was carried out. Patient demographics, procedure type and indication, sedation requirements and complication rates were recorded. Average tube patency was calculated for each patient (in days) and reason for tube replacement was recorded. Results Over the study period, 121 procedures were carried out in 17 patients (mean age 59.6 years; 70.6% (n=12) males). Initial placement was successful in 120/121 (99.2%) procedures with a procedure related complication rate of 1/121 (0.8%> bleeding). Indications for PEG-J placement were recurrent aspiration (n=6), stroke (n=2), neurodegenerative disorder (n=2), gastroparesis (n=2), post-operative (n=1), oesophageal tear (n=1), drainage (n=1) and not documented (n=2). 102/121 (84.3%) procedures were for replacement of the jejunal extension tube alone. 73/102 (71.2%) had no indication for tube replacement recorded. The most common causes of jejunal tube dysfunction were kinking (n=12), occlusion (n=8) tube breakage (n=3), tube leakage (n=3) and other (n=3). The mean number of procedures per patient was 7.1 and the mean tube patency was 123.6 days. 90/121 (74.4%) of procedures were performed without conscious sedation. 13/102 (12.7%) jejunal replacements were performed under sedation vs 18/19 (94.7%) gastrostomy plus jejunal extension placements (p<0.001). Conclusion “Through the PEG” placement of the jejunal extension is a safe and well tolerated procedure in what is often a difficult group of patients. Our technique confers high success rates of initial placement and low complication rates, with acceptable tube patency. Sedation is only occasionally required for those undergoing replacement of the jejunal extension. Competing interests None declared.
The Pancreatic Beta Cell
Authors: Paul E. Lacy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE beta cells of the islands of Langerhans have a dominant role in the regulation of normal carbohydrate metabolism. These cells serve as depots of insulin reserve stored within their cytoplasm in the form of beta granules, and in the normal subject, insulin is released immediately after elevation of the level of blood glucose. In the diabetic subject it is probable that the beta cells play an important and dominant part in the etiology or pathogenesis of this disease. The possible mechanisms of their action in diabetes mellitus may be the result of one or more of the following: diminished . . .
Abstract 2480: Low dose radiation- and thiol-induced effects on micronuclei formation following fractionated irradiation
Authors: Jeffrey S. Murley, Richard C. Miller, Kenneth L. Baker, Tyler S. Murley, Kristin L. Miller, Joseph T. Sullivan, Hamid Wardak, David J. Grdina
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Exposure of cells to low doses of ionizing radiation (≤ 10 cGy) or amifostine induces pro-survival pathways that result in protection against the damaging effects of high dose ionizing radiation exposure. We have identified one such signaling pathway whose molecular mechanism involves the elevation of active manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) levels in the cell. SOD2 is a mitochondrial matrix protein that serves as the primary mitochondrial defense against superoxide formation. Treatment of RKO36 human colon carcinoma cells with 40 μM WR1065 or 10 cGy x-rays causes a significant increase in SOD2 activity that peaks 24 h after exposure. This increase in SOD2 activity is completely eliminated in cells subsequently exposed to 2 Gy. Following the dismutation of O2−, SOD2 is rapidly converted back into active enzyme in the case where enzyme and substrate concentrations are approximately equal. However, when substrate concentration is much greater than enzyme concentration, as is the case following exposure to 2 Gy radiation, the conversion from inactive to active enzyme occurs with much slower kinetics, taking minutes rather than seconds to occur. The protective effect of the thiol- and radiation-induced elevation in active SOD2 was examined using the endpoint of micronuclei formation as a measure of chromosomal damage. Exposure of RKO36 cells to 4 Gy results in a significant increase in the mean number of micronuclei observed. The frequency of micronuclei formation is significantly reduced when cells are treated with 40 μM WR1065 or exposed to 10 cGy 24 h prior to being irradiated with 4 Gy. No protective response is observed in cells exposed to 40 μM WR1065 30 min, 1 h or 3 h prior to two 2 Gy fractionated radiation doses separated by 24 h, or in cells exposed to 10 cGy 30 min, 3 h or 6 h before the first of two 2 Gy fractions. Treatment of cells with 40 μM WR1065 30 min, 1 h or 3 h after the first of the two 2 Gy fractions, or with 10 cGy 30 min, 3 h or 6 h after the first 2 Gy fraction also did not protect cells against the formation of micronuclei relative to cells exposed to the 2 Gy fractions alone. This work was supported by NIH/NCI grant R01 CA132998 and DOE Low Dose Program/Project Grant DE-SC0001271 (D.J.G). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2480. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2480