tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long interspersed L1 repeats in rabbit DNA are homologous to L1 repeats of rodents and primates in an open-reading-frame region.
Authors: G W Demers, K Brech, R C Hardison
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1986)

Determination of the DNA sequence of a cluster of repetitive elements located 3' to the rabbit beta-1 globin gene shows that previously identified B, E, and D repeats are linked to form a long repeat. The B and E regions are homologous to the L1 long interspersed repeats of primates and rodents. Thus L1 repeats are widely dispersed in several different mammalian orders. The sequence similarity among L1 repeats from three species is limited to a long segment that contains extensive open reading frames. This conserved region is followed by a highly divergent segment that corresponds to a 3' untranslated region. The conservation of sequences in the open-reading-frame region coupled with the divergence of the untranslated region supports the hypothesis that the L1 repeats are derived from transcripts of a functional gene that encodes a protein.
Past sexual victimization by females of male patients in an adolescent medicine clinic population
Authors: R L Johnson, D Shrier
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

In an adolescent medicine clinic with more than 1,000 patients during 1982-1984, 11 male adolescents reported a history of sexual molestation by females. This molestation had commonly involved acquaintances and was unlikely to have been accompanied by threats of violence or physical coercion. One-fourth of the victims of both male and female molesters described themselves as sexually dysfunctional, and eight of the victims of male molesters identified themselves as homosexual. Both groups experienced the molestation as highly traumatic.
Interchromosomal exchange of genetic information between gene arrangements on the third chromosome of Drosophila pseudoobscura.
Authors: A Popadić, D Popadić, W W Anderson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

During the last 60 years, the inversion polymorphism on the third chromosome of Drosophila pseudoobscura has become a case study of the evolution of linked blocks of genes, isolated from each other by the suppression of recombination in heterozygotes for different inversions. Due to its location within inverted regions in most gene arrangements, the amylase (Amy) gene region can be used to elucidate the molecular pattern of evolution in these inversions. We studied this region in the Tree Line phylad of gene arrangements, with regard to both restriction site polymorphisms (RSP) and nucleotide sequences. The analysis of restriction maps, encompassing 26 kb, corroborates the cytogenetic phylogeny established on the basis of inversion breakpoints. However, we found that the 2.7 kb of nucleotide sequences of the AmyI gene are identical in both Estes Park and Hidalgo arrangements, despite the fact that these inversions arose independently from Tree Line. These contrasting results suggest that a homogenizing force, most likely gene conversion, is able to bring about localized exchanges between otherwise isolated gene arrangements.
Effectiveness of Short Message Service Text-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention Among University Students
Authors: Ulrika Müssener, Marcus Bendtsen, Nadine Karlsson, Ian R. White, Jim McCambridge, Preben Bendtsen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Smoking is globally the most important preventable cause of ill health and death. Mobile telephone interventions and, in particular, short message service (SMS) text messaging, have the potential to overcome access barriers to traditional health services, not least among young people. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the effectiveness of a text-based smoking cessation intervention among young people. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A single-blind, 2-arm, randomized clinical trial (Nicotine Exit [NEXit]) was conducted from October 23, 2014, to April 17, 2015; data analysis was performed from April 23, 2014, to May 22, 2015. Participants included daily or weekly smokers willing to set a quit date within 1 month of enrollment. The study used email to invite all college and university students throughout Sweden to participate. <h3>Interventions</h3> The NEXit core program is initiated with a 1- to 4-week motivational phase during which participants can choose to set a stop date. The intervention group then received 157 text messages based on components of effective smoking cessation interventions for 12 weeks. The control group received 1 text every 2 weeks thanking them for participating in the study, with delayed access to the intervention. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcomes were self-reported prolonged abstinence (not having smoked &gt;5 cigarettes over the past 8 weeks) and 4-week point prevalence of complete smoking cessation shortly after the completion of the intervention (approximately 4 months after the quit date). <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1590 participants, mainly between 21 and 30 years of age, were randomized into the study; 827 (573 [69.3%] women) were allocated to the intervention group and 763 (522 [68.4%] women) were included in the control group. Primary outcome data were available for 783 (94.7%) of the intervention group and 719 (94.2%) of the control group. At baseline, participants were smoking a median (range) of 63 (1-238) and 70 (2-280) cigarettes per week, respectively. Eight-week prolonged abstinence was reported by 203 participants (25.9%) in the intervention group and 105 (14.6%) in the control group; 4-week point prevalence of complete cessation was reported by 161 (20.6%) and 102 (14.2%) participants, respectively, a mean (SD) of 3.9 (0.37) months after the quit date. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for these findings were 2.05 (1.57-2.67) and 1.56 (1.19-2.05), respectively. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> With the limitation of assessing only the short-term effect of the intervention, the effects observed in this trial are comparable with those for traditional smoking cessation interventions. The simple NEXit intervention has the potential to improve the uptake of effective smoking cessation interventions. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> isrctn.org Identifier:ISRCTN75766527
EZN-2968, a novel hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) antagonist: Results of a phase I, pharmacokinetic (PK), dose-escalation study of daily administration in patients (pts) with advanced malignancies
Authors: A. Patnaik, E. G. Chiorean, A. Tolcher, K. Papadopoulos, M. Beeram, D. Kee, M. Waddell, E. Gilles, A. Buchbinder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

2564 Background: HIF-1 is a transcription factor that regulates expression of many key genes, notably those switching cell metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis and inducing neovascularization in response to hypoxia. Increased HIF-1α levels are associated with poor prognosis in several neoplasms. EZN-2968 is a potent locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide suppressing HIF-1α mRNA translation in vitro (IC50 ∼1–5 nM). Methods: This study was designed to determine the safety, tolerability, PK, maximum tolerated dose, recommended dose, and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity of EZN-2968. Pts with advanced malignancies were treated with EZN-2968 administered as a daily 2-hr IV infusion x 5 days every 4 weeks using a 3+3 dose-escalating design. Dose escalation was based on toxicities observed during Cycle 1. Results: 19 pts (11 men; median age = 60 y [47–79 y]) were treated with EZN-2968 doses of 0.5 (3 pts), 0.8 (3 pts), 1.2 (3 pts), 1.8 (4 pts), 2.7 (3 pts), and 4.1 (3 pts) mg/kg/day. Tumor types included colorectal cancer (7 pts); renal cancer (4 pts); soft-tissue sarcoma (STS; 2 pts); angiosarcoma (1 pt); melanoma (1 pt); and breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers (1 pt each). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. The most common adverse events (Aes) were vomiting (32%); fatigue (26%); and anemia, diarrhea, nausea, and tumor pain (each 21%). Most Aes were Grade 1 or 2. Plasma PK for Day 1 is tabulated below. Stable disease was observed for 1 pt with angiosarcoma (28 wks) and 1 pt with renal cancer (12 wks). Conclusions: EZN-2968 was well tolerated in previously treated pts with advanced malignancies. PK data do not show accumulation of EZN-2968. Dose escalation is ongoing; final results will be presented at the meeting. Durable stable disease has been observed. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Incidental appendectomy? Microscopy tells another story: A retrospective cohort study in patients presenting acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain
Authors: Dario Tartaglia, Andrea Bertolucci, Christian Galatioto, Matteo Palmeri, Gregorio Di franco, Rita Fantacci, Niccolò Furbetta, Massimo Chiarugi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2016)

Optimal management of macroscopically normal appendix encountered during laparoscopy for acute abdominal pain is still unclear. 164 acute abdominal pain cases in which laparoscopy showed a normal appendix were reviewed. No other intra-peritoneal acute disease was present in 50 patients (Group 1) whereas a miscellanea of intra-peritoneal conditions was identified in the other 114 (Group 2). All the patients underwent appendectomy with specimen examination. Following incidental appendectomy significant microscopical changes were seen in 125 specimens (76%). Among these, inflammation was found in 122 and neuroendocrine tumors in 3. Appendices harbored pathological changes in n = 45 patients (90%) of Group 1 and in n = 34 patients (70%) of Group 2 patients (p < 0.05). Morbidity for incidental appendectomy was 2%. This study supports an appendectomy in patients who are undergoing laparoscopy for acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain even when the appendix appears normal on visual inspection.
Pakistan mounts first mass antismoking campaign
Authors: Jocalyn Clark
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Pakistan has launched its first national antitobacco mass media campaign to focus on the harms to health of tobacco consumption. 

The campaign, implemented by the Ministry of Health with support from the non-profit World Lung Foundation, features a public service announcement called “Tobacco is hollowing you out,” which graphically shows tobacco causing damage to vital organs and tissue. The public service announcement is to be broadcast on national television during November, and …
Use of a panel of proteomic markers to improve the sensitivity of CA125 for detecting stage I epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: C. H. Clarke, E. T. Fung, C. Yip, C. Joy, D. Badgwell, K. R. Coombes, Z. Zhang, K. H. Lu, R. C. Bast
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5542 Background: Given the low prevalence of ovarian cancer, a successful strategy for early detection will require both high sensitivity (>90%) and specificity (99.6%) to achieve a positive predictive value of 10%. The requisite specificity might be attained through a two stage strategy that utilizes an abnormal value for serum marker(s) to prompt the performance of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in a limited number (2–5%) of women, reducing the specificity required for serum markers to 95–98%. Optimal sensitivity might be achieved by combining CA125 with other biomarkers. Methods: A training set from MDACC that included serum samples from patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (22 stage I and 19 stage II), 40 with benign disease and 99 healthy individuals, was analyzed using the CA125II immunoassay and SELDI-TOF-MS protocols to measure 7 proteins [transthyretin, Apo-A1, transferrin, hepcidin, ß2M, CTAP3, and ITIH4]. Using normalized peak intensity data, statistical models were fit by logistic regression, followed by stepwise optimization of factors retained in the models determined by optimizing the Akaike Information Criterion. A validation set from the GOG included 136 stage I ovarian cancers, 140 benign pelvic masses and 50 healthy controls from the GOG supplemented with 124 healthy controls from MDACC. Results: In the training set analysis, CA125 (>35 U/mL) alone distinguished stage I patients from healthy women with 68 % sensitivity, the 7 biomarkers exhibited 50% sensitivity and a combination of CA125 and the panel of 7 biomarkers achieved a sensitivity of 80% at 98% specificity. The combination separated patients with stage I-II ovarian cancer from benign and normal samples with 85% sensitivity. In the validation set, CA125 (>35U/ml) exhibited a sensitivity of 79% for stage I, whereas the marker panel + CA125 produced a sensitivity of 87% at 95% specificity (P= 0.015, McNemar's test). The combined panel also detected 38% of benign lesions, but these should be further distinguished during a second stage of screening with TVS. Conclusions: Combining a panel of 7 proteomic markers with CA125 could provide a first step in a sequential two-stage strategy with TVS for early detection of ovarian cancer. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Vermillion, Inc. Fujirebio Diagnostics Inc Vermillion, Inc. Fujirebio Diagnostics Inc, Vermillion, Inc. Fujirebio Diagnostics Inc
Abstract 12683: Combined Assessment of High-Sensitive Troponin I and N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels Improves the Prediction of Future Admission for Heart Failure in Outpatients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Junnichi Ishii, Hiroshi Takahashi, Midori Hasegawa, Ryuunosuke Okuyama, Hideki Kawai, Takashi Muramatsu, Hiroyuki Naruse, Sadako Motoyama, Shigeru Matsui, Hideo Izawa, Yukio Yuzawa, Yukio Ozaki
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a common consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it portends high risk for mortality. We prospectively investigated the predictive value of a combination of high-sensitive troponin I (hsTnI) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) for HF admission in outpatients with CKD. Methods: Baseline hsTnI and NT-proBNP levels were measured in 451 stable outpatients with CKD (estimated GFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) on not dialysis (mean age, 69.7 years). Using echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and E/e’ ratio were estimated. Among these patients, 41% had a history of cardiovascular disease, and 48% had a history of diabetes. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 924 days, there were 70 HF admissions. Patients who admitted for HF had higher hsTnI levels (22.4 vs. 10.5 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.0001), NT-proBNP levels (1726 vs. 310 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.0001), and E/e’ ratio (15.3 vs. 10.3, p &lt; 0.0001), and displayed lower values of EF (55 vs. 59%, p &lt; 0.0001) and estimated GFR (23.7 vs. 30.6 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , p = 0.009) than those who did not. Using multivariate Cox regression analysis including 11 clinical variables, increased hsTnI (relative risk, 1.98 per 10-fold increment, p = 0.02) and NT-proBNP (3.18 per 10-fold increment, p = 0.003) levels were shown to be independent predictors of HF admission. When patients were stratified into four groups according to NT-proBNP levels &gt; a median value of 397 pg/mL and/or hsTnI levels &gt; a median value of 11.6 pg/mL, HF admission rates were 3.1%, 7.5%, 11.8%, and 33.1%, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, when hsTnI and NT-proBNP levels were combined, the predictive values for HF admission were increased, as shown by the C-index, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI; Table 1). Conclusions: The combined assessment of hsTnI and NT-proBNP levels can improve the prediction of HF admission in outpatients with CKD.
Shope Papilloma Virus. II. A Comparison of Several Methods for Purification of the Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L. E. Beaty, M. E. Hodes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Four methods for preparation of Shope papilloma virus have been compared. These comprise: (1) alternate centrifugation at low and high speed after grinding with alundum and saline, (2) purification with a fluorocarbon after similar extraction, (3) extraction with the aid of 2-mercaptoethanol and purification by alternate low- and high-speed centrifugation, and (4) extraction with 2-mercaptoethanol followed immediately by centrifugation to equilibrium in CsCI. It is necessary to remove CsCI before chemical analysis, and this has been accomplished by chromatography on Sephadex G-75. After banding, the virus from preparation (4) appears homogeneous in the electron microscope. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contents of the preparations were (1) 7.8, (2) 8.3, (3) 8.0, and (4) 11.9 percent of total nucleoprotein. At equal inputs of DNA, there was no significant difference in infectivity of any of the preparations. Method (4) is simpler than the others and results in a higher yield of a homogeneous preparation.
First-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer with weekly abraxane (nab-paclitaxel: a 130 nm albumin-bound paclitaxel particle): A preliminary analysis of the phase II international oncology network ION-04–012 study
Authors: B. Mirtsching, T. Chidiac, T. Cosgriff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10707 Background: Abraxane (paclitaxel protein-bound particles) by intravenous weekly administration schedule has been demonstrated to be active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) refractory to prior taxane therapy. The purpose of this Phase II, open-label, non-randomized study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Abraxane administered weekly to patients with locally-advanced unresectable breast cancer (LABC) or MBC as first-line treatment. Methods: Patients ≥ 18 years with histologically confirmed LABC or MBC received Abraxane (125 mg/m 2 ) by 30 minute IV infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle. HER2-positive patients received concurrent Herceptin given weekly throughout therapy, 4 mg/kg on week 1, and 2 mg/kg on subsequent weeks. Results: From March 11, 2005 to January 4, 2006, 28 patients were enrolled and 27 received study medication (included in this preliminary analysis). Patient accrual continues. Patient characteristics included: gender (M/F) 0/27, median age 60.5 years (range 36–83), ECOG performance status (0–1) 13/14, and HER2 status (±/missing) 6/18/3. A total of 285 cycles have been administered (median 3 [range 1–8]) with a median dose of 125 mg/m 2 (range 0–130 mg/m 2 ) and 6 dose modifications have occurred due to toxicity. Eighteen patients are still on study. CTC hematologic toxicities were grade 3 leukopenia (3.7% of patients) and grade 3 neutropenia (7.4%). Grade 3 nonhematologic toxicities were gastritis (3.7%), peripheral sensory neuropathy (7.4%), arthralgia (3.7%), and bone pain (3.7%). No grade 4 nonhematologic toxicities occurred. Conclusions: Preliminary data show that Abraxane given weekly at 125 mg/m 2 (with or without Herceptin) for first-line treatment of MBC is well tolerated. Patient accrual continues in this study. Updated analysis of this study will be provided at the meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P351: White Rice Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Emily A Hu, Qi Sun, An Pan, Vasanti Malik
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objectives: To summarize evidence regarding the association between white rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and to quantify the potential dose-response relationship. Design: Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for articles published through July 2011 using keywords that included both rice intake and diabetes. We further searched references of included original studies. Study Selection: Prospective cohort studies that reported risk estimates of type 2 diabetes by white rice intake levels were selected for inclusion. Data Synthesis: Relative risks were pooled using a fixed-effects model. We also modeled the dose-response relationship utilizing data from all white rice intake categories in each study. Results: We identified 4 articles that included 7 distinct prospective cohort analyses for this study. A total of 13,284 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were ascertained among 352,384 participants with follow-up periods ranging from 4 to 22 years. The pooled relative risk (RR) for type 2 diabetes was 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.34) comparing the highest with the lowest category of white rice intake. In addition, the dose-response meta-analysis suggested a linear association between white rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: the RR (95% CI) was 1.10 (1.07, 1.14; P &lt;0.001) for each serving/d (∼158 grams for a serving of cooked rice) increased intake of white rice. Conclusion: Frequent consumption of white rice is associated with a moderately increased risk of type 2 diabetes. These findings support the recommendation that consumption of white rice should be reduced in place of healthier options such as brown rice and other whole grains to lower risk of diabetes.
Rapamycin for androgen-independent prostrate cancer (AIPC)
Authors: S. Sharef, J. Jac, M. Khan, R. J. Amato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14584 Background: Genetic alterations targeting the PTEN tumor-suppressive gene are among the most frequently noted mutations in human cancers. Prostate cancer has been reported as a PTEN-null cancer. Absence of functional PTEN in cancer cells leads to activation of downstream components of the P13K pathway, including the Akt and mTOR kinases. Drug targeting of these kinases might have significant therapeutic activity in PTEN-null cancers. Rapamycin has been reported to inhibit metastatic prostate tumor growth and angiogenesis in in vivo mouse models. This clinical trial is designed to assess the anti-tumor activity, toxicity and the clinical relationship between tissue and plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and tissue microarray for PTEN tumor-suppressive gene. Methods: Eligibility included: a minimum of 2 consecutive rises in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), with or without radiographic evidence of disease, castrate levels of serum testosterone (≤ 50 ug/l), anti-androgen withdrawal, no more than 2 prior therapeutic regimens, Zubrod performance status of ≤ 2 and adequate organ/marrow function. The initial dose of Rapamycin is 0.15 mg/kg followed by 0.04 mg/kg daily without interruption. Rapamycin levels are obtained every 28 days with a dose adjustment of 0.04 to 0.06 mg/kg in order to maintain a level between 6–10 ng/ml. Results: To date, 12 patients (pts) have been enrolled. 2 pts have demonstrated a definitive change in their PSA velocity, 1 pt &gt; 40% regression in their absolute PSA. 2 pts with measurable disease have demonstrated regression of &lt; 20%. Toxicity consisted of grade 1/2: fatigue, mucositis, elevated transaminases, diarrhea and rash. 1 pt continues to receive Rapamycin. Median duration of Rapamycin is 32.5 weeks (4–40+). Conclusion: Rapamycin has been well tolerated with signs of anti-tumor activity observed. Information regarding PSA response and time to progression in association with Rapamycin level will be presented. [Table: see text]
Abstract 16564: Sagittal and Coronal Motion of the Papillary Muscle Heads Associated With Functional Mitral Regurgitation: A Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Nobuyuki Kagiyama, Kikuko Obase, Akihiro Hayashida, Hiroyuki Okura, Masashi Komeda, Victor Mor-Avi, Roberto M Lang, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is associated with altered dynamics of the mitral valve apparatus. Accurate characterization of changes in papillary muscle (PM) motion may contrib...