tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver mortality attributable to chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Denmark and Scotland—Using spontaneous resolvers as the benchmark comparator
Authors: Hamish Innes, Sharon J. Hutchinson, Niels Obel, Peer B. Christensen, Esther J. Aspinall, David Goldberg, Henrik Krarup, Scott A. McDonald, Allan McLeod, Amanda Weir, Lars H. Omland
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Liver mortality among individuals with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection is common, but the relative contribution of CHC per se versus adverse health behaviors is uncertain. We explored data on spontaneous resolvers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a benchmark group to uncover the independent contribution of CHC on liver mortality. Using national HCV diagnosis and mortality registers from Denmark and Scotland, we calculated the liver mortality rate (LMR) for persons diagnosed with CHC infection (LMR chronic ) and spontaneously resolved infection (LMR resolved ), according to subgroups defined by age, sex, and drug use. Through these mortality rates, we determined subgroup‐specific attributable fractions (AFs), defined as (LMR chronic ‐ LMR resolved )/LMR chronic , and then calculated the total attributable fraction (TAF) as a weighted average of these AFs. Thus, the TAF represents the overall fraction (where 0.00 = not attributable at all ; and 1.00 = entirely attributable ) of liver mortality attributable to CHC in the diagnosed population. Our cohort comprised 7,005 and 21,729 persons diagnosed with HCV antibodies in Denmark and Scotland, respectively. Mean follow‐up duration was 6.3‐6.9 years. The TAF increased stepwise with age. It was lowest for death occurring at &lt;45 years of age (0.21 in Denmark; 0.26 in Scotland), higher for death occurring at 45‐59 years (0.69 in Denmark; 0.69 in Scotland), and highest for death at 60+years (0.92 in Denmark; 0.75 in Scotland). Overall, the TAF was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55‐0.78) in Denmark and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.44‐0.66) in Scotland. Conclusions : In Denmark and Scotland, the majority of liver death in the CHC‐diagnosed population can be attributed to CHC—nevertheless, an appreciable fraction cannot , cautioning that liver mortality in this population is a compound problem that can be reduced, but not solved, through antiviral therapy alone. (H epatology 2016;63:1506‐1516)
The late effects of germ cell tumor chemotherapy: more data are needed.
Authors: G J Bosl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.9.1375 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 1325538 The late effects of germ cell tumor chemotherapy: more data are needed. G J BoslxG J BoslSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1992.10.9.1375 PDF "The late effects of germ cell tumor chemotherapy: more data are needed.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10(9), pp. 1375–1376© 1992 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Comparison of psychologic outcome in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia versus sibling controls: a cooperative Children's Cancer Group and National Institutes of Health study.
Authors: L K Zeltzer, E Chen, R Weiss, M D Guo, L L Robison, A T Meadows, J L Mills, H S Nicholson, J Byrne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

PURPOSE To determine psychologic outcome, with the focus on emotional or mood state, of young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) compared with sibling controls and to identify vulnerable subgroups at highest risk for negative mood. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult survivors (n = 580), aged &gt; or = 18 years, who were treated before age 20 years on Children's Cancer Group (CCG) protocols for ALL and 396 sibling controls were administered a structured telephone interview and the Profile of Moods State (POMS), a standardized measure of affective state. RESULTS Survivors had higher total mood scores (which indicates greater negative mood) than sibling controls (P&lt;.01) and reported more tension (P&lt; .01), depression (P&lt;.01), anger (P&lt;.01), and confusion (P&lt;.01), but not more fatigue or less vigor. Female, minority, and unemployed survivors reported the highest total mood disturbance. Overall, survivors were more likely to be unemployed (P&lt;.05) or working less than half-time (P&lt;.01) compared with controls. CONCLUSION This large, sibling-controlled, multisite study of young adult survivors of childhood ALL treated on CCG protocols after 1970 found significant increased negative mood in survivors, not accounted for by reported energy level differences, which suggests that these emotional effects are not likely the result of current illness. Survivors are less likely to be fully employed. Female, minority, and unemployed survivors are at greatest risk for emotional sequelae, a finding that indicates the need for targeted, preventive intervention.
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells correlate to stage in patients with invasive breast cancer
Authors: R. Naik, D. Jin, E. Chuang, E. Gold, E. Tousimis, P. Christos, T. De Dalmas, D. Donovan, S. Rafii, L. Vahdat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

616 Background: Tumor growth and metastasis is dependent on neo-angiogenesis. Both pre-existing and circulating vascular cells have been shown to contribute to the assembly of tumor neo-vessels in specific tumors. Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow constitutes a crucial step in the formation of de novo blood vessels, and levels of peripheral blood EPCs have been shown to be increased in certain malignant states. However, the role of circulating EPCs in breast cancer is largely unknown. Methods: We recruited twenty-five patients with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer (BC) at Weill Cornell Breast Center to participate in a pilot study investigating the correlation of circulating EPCs to extent of disease and initiation of chemotherapy. For each patient, a baseline sample was drawn before systemic treatment, and for seventeen of those patients, a second sample was taken after the first round of chemotherapy. Levels of peripheral blood EPCs, as defined by co-expression of CD133 and VEGFR2, were quantified by flow cytometry. Results: BC patients with stage III &amp; IV disease had statistically higher levels of circulating EPCs than did patients with stage I &amp; II disease (median=165,000 EPCs/5×10 6 MNCs vs. median=6,920 EPCs/5x10 6 MNCs, respectively, p &lt; 0.0001 by Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In addition, in late-stage patients, levels of EPCs demonstrated a statistically significant drop after initiation of chemotherapy (median=162,500 EPCs/5x10 6 MNCs [pre] vs. median=117,500 EPCs/5x10 6 MNCs [post], p = 0.01 by Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Conclusion: These results suggest that circulating EPCs may serve as a potential tumor biomarker in breast cancer and that EPCs may represent a plausible target for future therapeutic intervention. Supported in part by the Mentored Medical Student in Clinical Research Program (General Clinical Research Center/National Institutes of Health Grant M01RR00047), Madeline &amp; Stephen Anbinder Clinical Scholar Award, and Anne Moore Breast Cancer Research Fund No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Incidence, Timing, and Predictors of Valve Hemodynamic Deterioration After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Maria Del Trigo, Antonio J. Muñoz-Garcia, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Luis Nombela-Franco, Asim N. Cheema, Enrique Gutierrez, Vicenç Serra, Joelle Kefer, Ignacio J. Amat-Santos, Luis M. Benitez, Jumana Mewa, Pilar Jiménez-Quevedo, Sami Alnasser, Bruno Garcia del Blanco, Antonio Dager, Omar Abdul-Jawad Altisent, Rishi Puri, Francisco Campelo-Parada, Abdellaziz Dahou, Jean-Michel Paradis, Eric Dumont, Philippe Pibarot, Josep Rodés-Cabau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Association of HER2 655 ile→Val polymorphism with pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab in breast cancer.
Authors: A. M. Astorga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1543 Background: Recently, the HER2 655 Ile→Val polymorphism was associated with presence of more aggressive breast tumors and with cardiac toxicity when patients were treated with trastuzumab. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HER2 polymorphism in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and in healthy Mexican population as well as its association with pathological response. Methods: HER2 polymorphism in both 113 patients with LABC and 107 healthy Mexicans was genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism-based assay. Patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 4 cycles of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide followed by 4 cycles of paclitaxel and, if HER2 overexpression (H2OE), trastuzumab. Disease-free survival and overall survival were analyzed with Kaplan- Meier survival curves and log-rank test. Results: The frequencies of HER2 polymorphism in healthy Mexicans were 20.6% and in patients with LABC 25% (p = 0.3). Of the 113 patients, 54.9% overexpressed HER2 and hence received trastuzumab. The HER2 polymorphism was associated with high tumoral grade or SBR (p = 0.0221). Patients with the polymorphism had less pathological response (p = 0.029). Moreover, those with H20E and the polymorphism exhibited less pathological response (p = 0.009). Residual tumor and stage III disease are associated with less overall survival (p = 0.0001; p = 0.025, respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that the HER2 polymorphism may be associated with less pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and poor survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Efficacy and safety of the ALK inhibitor alectinib in <i>ALK</i>+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who have failed prior crizotinib: An open-label, single-arm, global phase 2 study (NP28673).
Authors: Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Jin Seok Ahn, Luigi De Petris, Ramaswamy Govindan, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Brett Gordon Maxwell Hughes, Hervé Lena, Denis Moro-Sibilot, Alessandra Bearz, Santiago Viteri Ramirez, Tarek Mekhail, Alexander I. Spira, Ali Hassan Zeaiter, Walter Bordogna, Bogdana Balas, Sophie Golding, Peter N. Morcos, Dong-Wan Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

8008 Background: The ALK inhibitor crizotinib is approved for patients (pts) with ALK-rearranged (ALK+) NSCLC, but most pts progress within a year and CNS progression is common. The NP28673 study (NCT01801111) investigated the efficacy and safety of alectinib, a highly selective, CNS-active ALK inhibitor, in ALK+ NSCLC pts who had progressed on crizotinib. Methods: Eligible pts ( ≥ 18 yrs; locally advanced or metastatic ALK+ NSCLC [by FDA-approved FISH test]; failed on/intolerant to crizotinib) received alectinib 600mg p.o. BID until progression, death or withdrawal. Crizotinib was the only prior ALK inhibitor permitted. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by independent review committee (IRC) using RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints included ORR by investigator; duration of response (DOR); CNS ORR and DOR; progression-free survival (PFS); disease control rate (DCR), CNS progression rate, overall survival, and safety. Results: 138 pts from 16 countries were enrolled by the 18 Aug 2014 cut-off. Median age 52 yrs; 80% had prior chemo; 60% had baseline CNS mets (60/83 treated). Median follow-up was 30 wks. In the response-evaluable population assessed by IRC (122 pts with measurable disease at baseline), ORR was 49.2% (95% CI 40.0–58.4; all PRs); DCR was 79.5% (95% CI 71.3–86.3). For patients with prior chemo and crizotinib (n = 96), ORR was 43.8% (95% CI 33.6–54.3); DCR was 78.1% (95% CI 68.5–85.9). For patients with baseline measurable CNS disease (n = 34), IRC-assessed CNS ORR was 55.9% (95% CI 37.9–72.8), including five CRs. Updated ORR, DOR and PFS data will be presented. Overall, 27.5% of pts had grade 3–5 adverse events (AEs), most commonly dyspnea (3.6%) and pulmonary embolism (2.2%); low rates of dose interruptions (19.6%), reductions (8.7%), and withdrawals (8.0%) due to AEs were seen. Conclusions: Alectinib was well tolerated and achieved a robust treatment response, including excellent intracranial activity, in ALK+ NSCLC pts who had progressed on crizotinib; most had also failed prior chemo and had CNS mets. A phase 3 trial of first-line alectinib vs crizotinib and an expanded access program are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01801111.
The Rise of Consumer Health Wearables: Promises and Barriers
Authors: Lukasz Piwek, David A. Ellis, Sally Andrews, Adam Joinson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Will consumer wearable technology ever be adopted or accepted by the medical community?Patients and practitioners regularly use digital technology (e.g., thermometers and glucose monitors) to identify and discuss symptoms.In addition, a third of general practitioners in the United Kingdom report that patients arrive with suggestions for treatment based on online search results [1].However, consumer health wearables are predicted to become the next "Dr Google."One in six (15%) consumers in the United States currently uses wearable technology, including smartwatches or fitness bands.While 19 million fitness devices are likely to be sold this year, that number is predicted to grow to 110 million in 2018 [2].As the line between consumer health wearables and medical devices begins to blur, it is now possible for a single wearable device to monitor a range of medical risk factors (Fig 1).Potentially, these devices could give patients direct access to personal analytics that can contribute to their health, facilitate preventive care, and aid in the management of ongoing illness.However, how this new wearable technology might best serve medicine remains unclear. Do Wearables Affect Behaviour? Healthy IndividualsAt present, wearables are more likely to be purchased by individuals who already lead a healthy lifestyle and want to quantify their progress [2].The majority of wearable manufacturers (e.g., Fitbit, Jawbone, and Nike) stress the potential of their devices to become an "all-inone" platform for improving physical performance and positive habit formation.Wearable Summary Points• Consumer wearables can provide patients with personalized health data, which could assist with self-diagnosis and behaviour change interventions.• There are a number of concerns about the safety, reliability, and security of using consumer wearables in health care.• Practitioners and researchers should consider how these technological advances may impact health care in the 21st century.
A need for new imaging modality to detect inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis?
Authors: Ida K Haugen, Hilde B Hammer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Optical spectral transmission (OST) and fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) represent new imaging modalities for assessment of inflammation in systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases and osteoarthritis (OA).1–3

We know that inflammation is the primary pathogenic event in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leading to joint damage and pain, if not treated. Hence, to optimise medical treatment in patients with RA, it is important to correctly assess the presence of inflammation. In OA, which was originally considered as a non-inflammatory disease, multiple studies have shown that inflammation is frequently present, both in early and later stages of the disease.4 ,5 Inflammation in osteoarthritic joints is often associated with pain and predicts future structural progression.5–10 Due to the limited number of clinical trials in OA, we have little knowledge whether reducing inflammation in OA leads to less structural progression in these patients.11

Sensitive and specific imaging modalities are important for assessment of inflammation, as clinical examination is hampered by low sensitivity and fair reliability. Both in research and clinical rheumatologic practice, inflammation in tendons and joints can be visualised using MRI and ultrasound. In RA, MRI and ultrasound are well established imaging modalities used in observational studies and clinical trials. The amount of research using MRI and ultrasound in hand OA is more limited, and further research is needed before the methods can be recommended as outcome measures in clinical trials.12

Do we need new imaging modalities for assessment of inflammation in rheumatology research and clinical practice in addition to those that are already available? MRI is hampered by the high cost related to the purchase, acquisition and reading, the limited availability in many centres and the contraindications related to acquisition and the contrast agent. Using extremity or portable MRI scanners the costs can be lowered and certain contraindications can …
<i>Nkisi Nkondi (Nail Figure)</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy of BCG Vaccination in Prevention of Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G W Comstock, I Martinez, V T Livesay
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

A double labeling method with two levels of tritiated thymidine was used to study 6 patients with seborrheic keratosis, 1 with a fibroepithelial tumor of Pinkus, and 1 with basal cell nevus syndrome manifesting three pits on the palm of the hand. The two latter types of lesions, known to be able to evolve into basal cell carcinoma, had an increased S-phase duration (18 hr for the basophilic cells of the tumor of Pinkus and 14.3 hr for the germ cells of the palmar pits) as compared with normal epidermis (10 hr). This situation was similar to that observed in basal cell carcinoma. However, the S phase was not lengthened in seborrheic keratosis(9.2±1.6), a benign tumor in which malignant transformation is extremely rare. S phase was also of normal duration in the benign eosinophilic septa of the tumor of Pinkus
Effects of Nicotinamide, Isonicotinamide, and Bleomycin on DNA Synthesis and Repair in Rat Hepatocytes and Hepatoma Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R Barra, V Randolph, M Sumas, K Lanighan, M A Lea
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Because inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase have been found to influence DNA synthesis in some systems, the possibility that nicotinamide or isonicotinamide might potentiate the effect of bleomycin on DNA replication and repair was examined. After a 30-minute incubation with bleomycin (200 micrograms/ml), tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd) incorporation into DNA was stimulated during a subsequent 30-minute incubation with hepatocytes of inbred BUF rats but was decreased in HTC cells of BUF rats. When unscheduled DNA synthesis was measured in the presence of 10 mM hydroxyurea, bleomycin (200 micrograms/ml) increased [3H]dThd incorporation in both cell types. A dose of 20 mM nicotinamide and isonicotinamide caused an approximately 50% inhibition of total [3H]dThd incorporation in HTC cells. Significant inhibitory effects of 20 mM nicotinamide and isonicotinamide on unscheduled DNA synthesis were observed after preincubation of hepatocytes and HTC cells with bleomycin. When the effects of bleomycin on DNA structure were assessed fluorometrically with ethidium bromide after mild alkaline incubation, nicotinamide and isonicotinamide did not significantly affect the damage revealed with bleomycin alone. When HTC cells were incubated for 48 hours with bleomycin (20 micrograms/ml), the increase in cell numbers was about 50% of that in control cultures. Nicotinamide and isonicotinamide also inhibited the proliferation of HTC cells, but the effects were not additive with the effect of bleomycin.
Beneficial effects of perioperative chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Minoru Kitago, Osamu Itano, Masahiro Shinoda, Hiroshi Yagi, Yuta Abe, Taizo Hibi, Yuko Kitagawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

448 Background: We retrospectively assessed the benefits of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)- and heparin-based portal infusion chemotherapy (PI) combined with systemic administration of mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (CDDP) for 4 weeks following surgery (PI4W). The goal was to determine if this treatment prevented liver metastasis and improved survival for patients with potentially curative resection of pancreatic cancer. Methods: 263 patients who underwent pancreatectomy from January 1985 to December 2013 were treated. Of these cases, 50 patients received portal infusion with 5-FU (250 mg/day) for 2 weeks (PI2W) following surgery (1985 `2001 Group A), while 94 patients received PI4W therapy (250 mg/day of 5-FU with 2,000 IU/day of heparin for 4 weeks, 4 mg MMC on days 6, 13, 20, 27, and 10 mg CDDP on days 7, 14, 21, 28)(2001 `2013 Group B). The remaining 119 patients (Ct) without adjuvant therapy during the perioperative period divided Group A (n=58) and Group B (n=61). Results: The cumulative overall survival rate in the PI2W was significantly higher than those in Ct of Group A. The cumulative overall survival rate in the PI4W also was significantly higher than those in Ct of Group B. Furthermore, in the PI4W group, the rate of liver metastasis is lower than Ct. Conclusions: PI therapy after surgery, especially PI4W, could become a promising adjuvant therapy in patients with potentially curative resection of pancreatic cancer. Clinical trial information: 000002976.