tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary changes in congenital heart disease with Down's syndrome: their significance as a cause of postoperative respiratory failure.
Authors: S Yamaki, T Horiuchi, T Takahashi
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Biopsy or necropsy specimens of lung from 28 patients with congenital heart disease and Down's syndrome were studied to establish the cause of the postoperative respiratory failure often seen in such cases. Changes in lungs seen after operation included interstitial emphysema and overdistension of peripheral air spaces, associated with hypoplastic alveoli and deficient elastic fibres in the alveolar wall. In specimens taken before operation alveolar hypoplasia was common but interstitial emphysema or overdistension of lower airways was found only rarely. Findings suggest that alveolar hypoplasia is characteristic of Down's syndrome and that distension of peripheral air spaces or interstitial emphysema was due to artificial inflation of the lung during surgery. The severity of the lesions correlated significantly with the duration of artificial respiration and with the severity of the respiratory failure. Hypoplastic lung tissue in patients with Down's syndrome appears to be more susceptible to mechanical stress, and this is likely to be the cause of postoperative respiratory failure.
Mannan binding lectin as an adjunct to risk assessment for myocardial infarction in individuals with enhanced risk
Authors: Saedis Saevarsdottir, Oskar Orn Oskarsson, Thor Aspelund, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Thora Vikingsdottir, Vilmundur Gudnason, Helgi Valdimarsson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Inflammation can predispose to myocardial infarction (MI), and mannan binding lectin (MBL) promotes phagocytic clearance of inflammatory agents, but the predictive value of MBL levels for MI is not known. MBL was analyzed in subgroups of the population-based Reykjavik study, a cohort of 19,381 participants recruited from 1967. MBL levels were very stable over time (self correlation: 0.86). In a cross-sectional group from the original cohort (n = 987), high MBL (>1,000 microg/L) was associated with a greatly lowered odds ratio for MI (0.64, P < 0.001). To verify this finding, a nested case control sample (n = 1,309) was randomly selected from the cohort. High MBL at recruitment was also associated with decreased MI risk in this follow-up group, but to a lesser extent and not significant for the whole group, smokers, or hypertensive individuals. However, high MBL was as in the cross-sectional group, associated with greatly decreased MI risk in diabetic (P = 0.02) or hypercholesterolemic individuals (P = 0.004). This also applied to raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.007). Diabetic patients with high MBL did not have a higher MI risk than nondiabetic individuals. Our findings indicate that high MBL may predict decreased likelihood of MI, particularly in diabetics, and are consistent with the possibility that MBL may promote clearance of atherogenic agents.
R-CHOEP-14 improves overall survival in young high-risk patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma compared with R-CHOP-14. A population-based investigation from the Danish Lymphoma Group
Authors: A.O. Gang, C. Strøm, M. Pedersen, F. d’Amore, L.M. Pedersen, A. Bukh, B.B. Pedersen, M.B. Moeller, L.S. Mortensen, O.V. Gadeberg, S. Ingeberg, T. Mourits-Andersen, S. Pulczynski, P.d. Nully Brown
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Depletion of synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis by an anti-Fc RI-calicheamicin immunoconjugate
Authors: J A G van Roon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Monocytes/macrophages have an important and versatile role in joint inflammation and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).To determine the efficiency of monocyte/macrophage elimination by a new drug conjugated antibody (CD64-calicheamicin (CD64-CaMi)) directed to the high affinity receptor for IgG (FcgammaRI).Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with RA were cultured in the presence of CD64-CaMi. Cell death of monocytes/macrophages was measured by analysis of phenotypic changes (light scatter patterns, CD14 expression, and FcgammaRI expression) and nuclear DNA fragmentation. The selectivity of CD64-CaMi was checked by using FcgammaRI deficient and FcgammaRI transfected cell lines. In addition, the indirect effect of CD64-CaMi-induced macrophage cell death on arthritogenic T(h1) cell activity was determined.Inflammatory macrophages from RA synovial fluid, expressing increased FcgammaRI levels, were efficiently killed by CD64-CaMi through induction of DNA fragmentation. CD64-CaMi-induced cell death of monocytes/macrophages from peripheral blood of patients with RA proved less efficient. Induction of synovial macrophage death by CD64-CaMi was accompanied by efficient inhibition of proinflammatory T(h1) cytokine production.Together, the presented data suggest that elimination of macrophages through a new FcgammaRI directed CD64-CaMi is feasible. Because monocytes from peripheral blood are also eliminated by this immunoconjugate, additional experimental studies should validate its potential for local (intra-articular) application in the treatment of RA.
Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Associated With Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Domenico A. Restivo, Rosario Marchese-Ragona, Giuseppe Lauria, Sebastiano Squatrito, Damiano Gullo, Riccardo Vigneri
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

No specific treatment for oropharyngeal dysphagia related to diabetic neuropathy has been described to date. Chemical myotomy of the cricopharyngeus (CP) muscle by botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) has been effective in reducing or abolishing dysphagia associated with upper esophageal sphincter (UES) hyperactivity of different etiologies. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of BoNT/A injections into the CP muscle in diabetic patients with severe oropharyngeal dysphagia associated with diabetic autonomic and/or somatic peripheral neuropathy.Twelve type 2 diabetic patients with severe dysphagia for both solid and liquid foods associated with autonomic and/or peripheral somatic neuropathy were investigated. Swallowing function was evaluated by clinical examination, videofluoroscopy, and simultaneous needle electromyography (EMG) of the CP and pharyngeal inferior constrictor (IC) muscles. Clinical evaluation using a four-level dysphagia severity score was performed every other day for the 1st week and thereafter every other week until week 24. Videofluoroscopy and EMG follow-up were carried out at week 1, 4, 12, 16, 18, and 24 after BoNT/A injection. BoNT/A was injected percutaneously into the CP muscle under EMG control.BoNT/A induced the complete recovery of dysphagia in 10 patients and had a significant (P = 0.0001, ANOVA) improvement in 2 patients within 4 +/- 1.1 days (range 3-7). Clinical improvement was confirmed by videofluoroscopy and EMG.Our findings suggest a potential benefit from BoNT/A treatment in dysphagia associated with diabetic neuropathy. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this observation.
Comparison of HIV- and EIAV-Based Vectors on Their Efficiency in Transducing Murine and Human Hematopoietic Repopulating Cells
Authors: Elena K. Siapati, Brian W. Bigger, James Miskin, Daniel Chipchase, Kathryn L. Parsley, Kyriacos Mitrophanous, Mike Themis, Adrian J. Thrasher, Dominique Bonnet
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The use of lentiviral vectors for gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells has raised considerable interest as these vectors can permanently integrate their genome into quiescent cells. Vectors based on alternative lentiviruses would theoretically be safer than HIV-1-based vectors and could also be used in HIV-positive patients, minimizing the risk of generating replication-competent virus. Here we report the use of third-generation equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV)- and HIV-1-based vectors with minimal viral sequences and absence of accessory proteins. We have compared their efficiency in transducing mouse and human hematopoietic stem cells both in vitro and in vivo to that of a previously documented second-generation HIV-1 vector. The third-generation EIAV- and HIV-based vectors gave comparable levels of transduction and transgene expression in both mouse and human NOD/SCID repopulating cells but were less efficient than the second-generation HIV-1 vector in human HSCs. For the EIAV vector this is possibly a reflection of the lower protein expression levels achieved in human cells, as vector copy number analysis revealed that this vector exhibited a trend to integrate equally efficiently compared to the third-generation HIV-1 vector in both mouse and human HSCs. Interestingly, the presence or absence of Tat in viral preparations did not influence the transduction efficiency of HIV-1 vectors in human HSCs.
Preoperative Nomogram Predicting the 10-Year Probability of Prostate Cancer Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Andrew J. Stephenson, Peter T. Scardino, James A. Eastham, Fernando J. Bianco, Zohar A. Dotan, Paul A. Fearn, Michael W. Kattan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

An existing preoperative nomogram predicts the probability of prostate cancer recurrence, defined by prostate-specific antigen (PSA), at 5 years after radical prostatectomy based on clinical stage, serum PSA, and biopsy Gleason grade. In an updated and enhanced nomogram, we have extended the predictions to 10 years, added the prognostic information of systematic biopsy results, and enabled the predictions to be adjusted for the year of surgery. Cox regression analysis was used to model the clinical information for 1978 patients treated by two high-volume surgeons from our institution. The nomogram was externally validated on an independent cohort of 1545 patients with a concordance index of 0.79 and was well calibrated with respect to observed outcome. The inclusion of the number of positive and negative biopsy cores enhanced the predictive accuracy of the model. Thus, a new preoperative nomogram provides robust predictions of prostate cancer recurrence up to 10 years after radical prostatectomy.
Intimate Partner Violence and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Authors: Susan M. Mason, Rosalind J. Wright, Eileen N. Hibert, Donna Spiegelman, Hee-Jin Jun, Frank B. Hu, Janet W. Rich-Edwards
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We sought to estimate the association between intimate partner violence, a prevalent psychosocial stressor, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in women.In 2001, 68,376 Nurses' Health Study II participants answered questions on physical, sexual, and psychological intimate partner violence in adulthood (age ≥18 years) and reported the years in which any abuse occurred. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the associations between intimate partner violence exposures and incidence of type 2 diabetes from 2001 to 2007. We also estimated effects of duration and time since intimate partner violence on type 2 diabetes incidence.Of 68,376 respondents, 64,732 met inclusion criteria at the 2001 baseline; of these, 23% reported lifetime physical intimate partner violence, 11% reported lifetime sexual intimate partner violence, and 8% reported moderate and <2% reported severe psychological intimate partner violence. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes, adjusted for potential confounders, were 1.18 (1.00-1.39) and 1.08 (0.86-1.35) for more than one lifetime episode of physical and sexual intimate partner violence, respectively, and 1.78 (1.21-2.61) for severe psychological abuse. Addition of updated BMI and other diabetes risk factors reduced the physical intimate partner violence HR to 1.12 (0.94-1.33) and the psychological intimate partner violence HR to 1.61 (1.09-2.38).Physical intimate partner violence is modestly associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes in this population. Severe psychological violence may substantially increase type 2 diabetes risk.
Reversible myocardial dysfunction in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Ivan Laurent, Mehran Monchi, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Luc-Marie Joly, Christian Spaulding, B.énédicte Bourgeois, Alain Cariou, Alain Rozenberg, Pierre Carli, Simon Weber, Jean-François Dhainaut
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Statins prevent pulsatile stretch-induced proliferation of human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells via inhibition of Rho/Rho-kinase pathway
Authors: T KOZAI, M ETO, Z YANG, H SHIMOKAWA, T LUSCHER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Pulsatile forces regulate vascular remodeling and trigger vascular diseases such as saphenous vein graft disease. The saphenous vein is exposed to high pressure and pulsatility only after implantation. Statins have been proved to reduce the incidence of vein graft failure. Thus, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of pulsatile stretch-induced saphenous vein smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and potential beneficial effects of statins.Human saphenous vein SMCs were subjected to cyclic stretch (60 cycles/min) in Flex I plates. Cerivastatin and simvastatin significantly prevented stretch-induced increase in SMC proliferation. Stretch induced the membrane accumulation of Rho A and Rho kinase inhibitors (Y-27632 and hydroxyfasudil) and dominant negative Rho A mutant significantly prevented stretch-induced SMC proliferation. In addition, stretch increased the levels of both p44/42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and Akt phosphorylation. MAP kinase kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibitor U0126, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002), and dominant negative Akt mutant significantly prevented stretch-induced SMC proliferation. Cerivastatin significantly prevented stretch-induced membrane accumulation of Rho A. On the other hand, stretch-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 MAP kinase and Akt was not prevented by cerivastatin. Mevalonate restored the preventive effect of cerivasatain on stretch-induced Rho A membrane accumulation. Stretch induced hyperphosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb), which was prevented by cerivastatin and the Rho kinase inhibitors.Statins prevent stretch-induced saphenous vein SMC proliferation via inhibition of the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway. This may explain the beneficial effects of this class of drug, especially for patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Low-dose thalidomide and donor lymphocyte infusion as adoptive immunotherapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Nicolaus Kröger, Avichai Shimoni, Maria Zagrivnaja, Francis Ayuk, Michael Lioznov, Heike Schieder, Helmut Renges, Boris Fehse, Tatjana Zabelina, Arnon Nagler, Axel R. Zander
Journal: Blood (2004)
Expression of lymphocyte-endothelial receptor-ligand pairs, alpha 4beta 7/MAdCAM-1 and OX40/OX40 ligand in the colon and jejunum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: H S Souza, C C S Elia, J Spencer, T T MacDonald
Journal: Gut (1999)

The interaction between leucocytes and vascular endothelial cells is essential for leucocyte migration into inflammatory sites.To study the local expression of the pairs of complementary molecules, alpha4beta7/mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM-1) and OX40/OX40 ligand in the lamina propria of the colon and jejunum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Ten patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), nine with active Crohn's disease (CD), and seven irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) controls were submitted to endoscopic and peroral jejunal biopsies. Specimens were immunostained by indirect alkaline phosphatase using antibodies against CD3, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1, alpha4beta7, MAdCAM-1, and OX40. An OX40-mouse-IgG fusion protein was used to detect OX40 ligand on frozen sections. Immunohistological analysis was carried out by optical microscopy using a computer assisted image analyser.Colonic lamina propria of patients with CD and UC showed increased density of CD3+, alpha4beta7+, and OX40+ cells compared with IBS controls. ICAM-1, MAdCAM-1, and OX40 ligand positive vessels were also increased compared with IBS controls. No significant difference was found in the density of any of these cells in the jejunal mucosa of patients compared with IBS controls.The expression of MAdCAM-1 and OX40 ligand on gut endothelial and OX40+ cells is increased in sites of mucosal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. No evidence was found for increased lamina propria T cells or increased vascular adhesion molecule expression in the proximal intestine of patients with distal inflammatory bowel disease.
One wrong does not justify another: Accepting dual processes by fallacy of false alternatives
Authors: Gideon Keren, Iris van Rooij, Yaacov Schul
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Barbey &amp; Sloman (B&amp;S) advocate a dual-process (two-system) approach by comparing it with an alternative perspective (ecological rationality), claiming that the latter is unwarranted. Rejecting this alternative approach cannot serve as sufficient evidence for the viability of the former.
FIBRINOGEN PRECIPITATION BY STREPTOCOCCAL M PROTEIN
Authors: Fred S. Kantor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Evidence confirming the identity of fibrinogen-precipitating factor and streptococcal M protein is provided by the demonstration of bactericidal, mouse protective, and long chain-producing antibodies in the sera of rabbits immunized with washed M-fibrinogen precipitates. Two precipitin lines were observed in immunoelectrophoresis of human plasma vs. rabbit anti-M-fibrinogen antiserum; no precipitin reactions were observed between human serum and rabbit anti-M-fibrinogen antiserum. The reaction between M protein and fibrinogen was stoichiometric; a constant equimolar ratio of reactants was observed in precipitates formed with a wide range of M protein concentrations.
Age at First Viral Infection Determines the Pattern of T Cell–mediated Disease during Reinfection in Adulthood
Authors: Fiona J. Culley, Joanne Pollott, Peter J.M. Openshaw
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Infants experiencing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis have an increased frequency of wheeze and asthma in later childhood. Since most severe RSV infections occur between the 8th and 24th postnatal week, we examined whether age at first infection determines the balance of cytokine production and lung pathology during subsequent rechallenge. Primary RSV infection in newborn mice followed the same viral kinetics as in adults but was associated with reduced and delayed IFN-γ responses. To study rechallenge, mice were infected at 1 day or 1, 4, or 8 weeks of age and reinfected at 12 weeks. Neonatal priming produced more severe weight loss and increased inflammatory cell recruitment (including T helper 2 cells and eosinophils) during reinfection, whereas delayed priming led to enhanced interferon γ production and less severe disease during reinfection. These results show the crucial importance of age at first infection in determining the outcome of reinfection and suggest that the environment of the neonatal lung is a major determinant of cytokine production and disease patterns in later life. Thus, simply delaying RSV infection beyond infancy might reduce subsequent respiratory morbidity in later childhood.
Quality of life after successful treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: 10-year follow-up of the EORTC–GELA H8 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Natacha Heutte, Henning H Flechtner, Nicolas Mounier, Wilhelmina AM Mellink, Jacobus H Meerwaldt, Houchingue Eghbali, Mars B van't Veer, Evert M Noordijk, Johanna C Kluin-Nelemans, Elzbieta Lampka, José Thomas, Pieternella J Lugtenburg, Luisa Viterbo, Patrice Carde, Anton Hagenbeek, Richard WM van der Maazen, Wilma GJM Smit, Pauline Brice, Marinus van Marwijk Kooy, Johanna W Baars, Philip Poortmans, Umberto Tirelli, Onno C Leeksma, Radka Tomšič, Pierre Feugier, Gilles Salles, Jean Gabarre, Marie José Kersten, Eric Van Den Neste, Geert-Jan M Creemers, Isabelle Gaillard, Paul Meijnders, Gérard Tertian, Oumédaly Reman, Hein P Muller, Jacques Troncy, Michel Blanc, Wilfried Schroyens, Paul J Voogt, Pierre Wijermans, Chantal Rieux, Christophe Fermé, Michel Henry-Amar
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2009)
Association Between Minor Elevations of Creatine Kinase-MB Level and Mortality in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Without ST-Segment Elevation
Authors: John H. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (2000)

HE CRITERIA USED TO DIAGnose myocardial infarction (MI) are important both clinically and in clinical trials.The most widely accepted diagnostic criteria for MI are those of the World Health Organization, first proposed almost 20 years ago.These criteria require presence of at least 2 of the following 3 elements to diagnose MI: (1) a history of ischemic-type chest discomfort, (2) evolutionary changes on serial electrocardiograms, and (3) a rise and fall in serum cardiac enzymes. 1 Today, the cornerstone of these diagnostic criteria is evaluation of serial cardiac markers.The most commonly used markers, both clinically and in clinical research, are creatine kinase (CK) and
A modified Delphi exercise to determine the extent of consensus with OMERACT outcome domains for studies of acute and chronic gout
Authors: W J Taylor, H R Schumacher, H S B Baraf, P Chapman, L Stamp, M Doherty, F McQueen, N Dalbeth, N Schlesinger, D E Furst, J V. Mellado, M A Becker, A Kavanaugh, W Louthrenoo, T Bardin, D Khanna, L S Simon, H Yamanaka, H K Choi, X Zeng, V Strand, R Grainger, D Clegg, J A Singh, C Diaz-Torne, M Boers, P Gow, V G Barskova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

To reach consensus with recommendations made by an OMERACT Special Interest Group (SIG).Rheumatologists and industry representatives interested in gout rated and clarified, in three iterations, the importance of domains proposed by the OMERACT SIG for use in acute and chronic gout intervention studies. Consensus was defined as a value of less than 1 of the UCLA/RAND disagreement index.There were 33 respondents (61% response rate); all agreed the initial items were necessary, except "total body urate pool". Additional domains were suggested and clarification sought for defining "joint inflammation" and "musculoskeletal function". Items that demonstrated no clear decision were re-rated in the final iteration. There were six highly rated items (rating 1-2) with four slightly lower rating items (rating 3) for acute gout; and 11 highly rated items with eight slightly lower ratings for chronic gout.Consensus is that the following domains be considered mandatory for acute gout studies: pain, joint swelling, joint tenderness, patient global, physician global, functional disability; and for chronic gout studies: serum urate, gout flares, tophus regression, health-related quality of life, functional disability, pain, patient global, physician global, work disability and joint inflammation. Several additional domains were considered discretionary.
Samuel (“Sam”) Chandrarajan Sanders
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant physician/honorary senior lecturer Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow (b 1932; q Colombo University, Sri Lanka, 1957; DMJ, FRCP), died from metastatic cancer on 1 April 2006.



Figure 1



Samuel (“Sam”) Chandrarajan Sanders was one of the first overseas doctors to be appointed consultant to a university hospital in Glasgow. He worked for the Sri Lankan government from 1957 to 1970 in several subspecialties. In 1970 he was awarded a scholarship in forensic medicine and clinical therapeutics, which he undertook between Glasgow, London, and Edinburgh. The civil unrest in Sri Lanka shaped his subsequent career. His first UK appointment was a six month post at Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, in geriatric medicine, which became his professional love. He was appointed consultant to Gartnavel General Hospital in 1976 until retirement in 1993 owing to a haemorrhagic stroke. He leaves a wife, Mangai (Irene); three children; and five grandchildren.