tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-086 Outcome of Patients with Alcohol Liver Disease Admitted to Intensive Care in a Tertiary Referral Centre – Single Centre Experience: Abstract PTU-086 Table 1
Authors: A Staicu, P Jackson, S Everett
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hospital admissions with decompensated chronic alcoholic liver disease (ALD) have been increasing, leading to increased pressure on intensive care unit (ICU) services. We aimed to determine the outcome and prognostic factors for patients with ALD requiring admission to ICU. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a retrospective study over a five year period (January 2006 – December 2010) of ICU admissions with ALD to St James’ Hospital Leeds, either known or at first presentation. We reviewed in detail case notes and the laboratory database based on a pre-established proforma. ICU and hospital mortality were recorded along with outcome in diagnostic and organ support subgroups. <h3>Results</h3> 29 patients with ALD admitted to ICU were included, median age 46 yrs, 79% males. 82.7% (24/29) were Child Pugh Score C. Mean ITU stay was 5.2 days. Overall ICU and hospital mortality was 51.7% (15/29) and 65.5% (19/29) respectively. 20 (69%) were previously known ALD and 9 (31%) were at first presentation. ICU and in hospital mortality in first presentation ALD group was 67% (6/9) and 89% (8/9) compared with 45% (9/20) and 55% (11/20) respectively for previously known ALD. The reasons for admission to ICU were variceal bleeding (59%), sepsis (17%) and 37% other (encephalopathy, other causes of bleeding, seizures, renal support). ICU and in hospital mortality in the variceal bleeding subgroup was 47% and 58% respectively compared to 100% ICU and hospital mortality for sepsis. Patients with multiorgan failure had the worst prognosis. Organ failure was predefined based on level of support required on admission to ITU. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Mortality remains high in ALD patients admitted to ICU. In this study, acute variceal bleeding and single or dual organ support were associated with better survival outcomes compared with other presentations and outcomes were not better in patients presenting for the first time with ALD compared to recurrent admissions. Escalation therapy to ICU for patients with sepsis or requiring multiple organ support may be futile. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>References</h3> J. Mackle, D. G. Swann and B. Cook, One year outcome of intensive care patients with decompensated alcoholic liver disease, British Journal of Anaesthesia 97 (4): 496–8 (2006) P Jackson, D Gleeson, Alcohol Liver Disease, Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain (2010) 10 (3): 66–71 S. J. Thomson, C. Moran, M. L. Cowan, S. Musa, R. Beale, D. Treacher, M. Hamilton, R. M. Grounds, T. M. Rahman Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients with Cirrhosis Admitted to Intensive Care: An Important Perspective from the Non-transplant
A simple, practical model for reducing alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Steven D. Sosler, Bernard J. Jilly, Catherine Saporito, Mabel Koshy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) form immune alloantibodies more frequently than other transfused populations because red cells (RBCs) from white donors (with a higher incidence of certain Rh, Duffy, Kell, and Kidd blood group antigens) are transfused to black patients often lacking these antigens. We propose a model to reduce alloimmunization in patients with SCD by providing them with blood from only black random donors. Rationale is shown by examining calculations based on the phenotype E–, C–, Fy(a–), K–, and Jk(b–). There is a 7% probability that this phenotype belongs to a white donor, while there is a 93% probability that this phenotype belongs to a black donor. The probability of selecting blood from a black donor identical with the above phenotype for black recipients from an all black population and from a typical urban blood inventory population (90% white, 10% black) is 1/4 and 1/33, respectively. Therefore, an 8‐fold greater chance of selecting antigen non‐identical blood occurs if blood is obtained from a typical urban donor population as compared to a black population. Based on these calculations, alloimmunization can be reduced prospectively in patients with SCD by meeting their transfusion requirements with blood selected from random black blood donors.
Association of <i>Interleukin-28B</i> Genotype and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Yuji Hodo, Masao Honda, Akihiro Tanaka, Yoshimoto Nomura, Kuniaki Arai, Taro Yamashita, Yoshio Sakai, Tatsuya Yamashita, Eishiro Mizukoshi, Akito Sakai, Motoko Sasaki, Yasuni Nakanuma, Mitsuhiko Moriyama, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the interleukin-28B (IL-28B) locus have recently been shown to be associated with antiviral treatment efficacy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). However, such an association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unkno3 we investigated the association between the IL-28B genotype and the biology and clinical outcome of patients with HCC receiving curative treatment.Genotyping of 183 patients with HCC with CHC who were treated with hepatic resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was carried out, and the results were analyzed to determine the association between the IL-28B genotype (rs8099917) and clinical outcome. Gene expression profiles of 20 patients with HCC and another series of 91 patients with CHC were analyzed using microarray analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses were also conducted.The TT, TG, and GG proportions of the rs8099917 genotype were 67.8% (124 of 183), 30.6% (56 of 183), and 1.6% (3 of 183), respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the IL-28B TT genotype was significantly associated with HCC recurrence (P = 0.007; HR, 2.674; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.63). Microarray analysis showed high expression levels of IFN-stimulated genes in background liver samples and immune-related genes in tumor tissues of the IL-28B TG/GG genotype. Histologic findings showed that more lymphocytes infiltrated into tumor tissues in the TG/GG genotype.The IL-28B genotype is associated with HCC recurrence, gene expression, and histologic findings in patients with CHC.
Glutathione S-transferase M1 modulates allergen-induced NF-κB activation in asthmatic airway epithelium
Authors: V. V. Polosukhin, I. V. Polosukhin, A. Hoskins, W. Han, R. Abdolrasulnia, T. S. Blackwell, R. Dworski
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Background Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) is a phase II enzyme and regulator of inflammatory signaling in airway epithelial cells. We have found upregulation of neutrophilic airway inflammation in atopic asthmatics expressing GSTM1 gene (GSTM1+) compared to GSTM1null asthmatics. We hypothesized that GSTM1 modulates NF-κB activation in bronchial epithelium in atopic asthmatics. We determined regulation of allergen-induced NF-κB activation in bronchial epithelium by GSTM1 in human atopic asthmatics in vivo. Methods Endobronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected from 13 GSTM1+ and 12 GSTM1null human atopic asthmatics at baseline and 24 h after segmental allergen challenge. A quantitative analysis of NF-κB activation in airway epithelium was accomplished using a polyclonal antibody against the phosphorylated p65 component of NF-κB. Elastase-positive neutrophils in the bronchial wall were quantified. Results Postallergen neutrophilia in airway subepithelium and epithelial lining fluid was greater in GSTM1+ compared to GSTM1null asthmatics. Airway eosinophilia was similar in GSTM1+ and GSTM1null asthmatics. Allergen-provoked NF-κB induction in bronchial epithelium was significantly greater in GSTM1+ compared to GSTM1null asthmatics. Activation of NF-κB activation in airway epithelial cells correlated with interleukin-8 concentrations and absolute neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in GSTM1+ but not GSTM1null asthmatics. Conclusions Allergen-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in GSTM1+ asthmatics is associated with NF-κB activation in airway epithelial cells in vivo. These novel data provide a potential mechanism of the genomic link between GSTM1 polymorphism and airway neutrophilia in atopic asthma.
An Atlas of Subgross Pathology of the Human Breast With Special Reference to Possible Precancerous Lesions&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S. R. Wellings, Hanne M Jensen, R. G. Marcum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

An Atlas of Subgross Pathology of the Human Breast With Special Reference to Possible Precancerous Lesions Get access S. R. Wellings, S. R. Wellings Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. M. Jensen, H. M. Jensen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. G. Marcum R. G. Marcum Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 55, Issue 2, August 1975, Pages 231–273, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.2.231 Published: 01 August 1975 Article history Received: 28 January 1974 Revision received: 08 July 1974 Accepted: 30 March 1975 Published: 01 August 1975
Fractalkine and CX3CR1 Mediate a Novel Mechanism of Leukocyte Capture, Firm Adhesion, and Activation under Physiologic Flow
Authors: Alan M. Fong, Lisa A. Robinson, Douglas A. Steeber, Thomas F. Tedder, Osamu Yoshie, Toshio Imai, Dhavalkumar D. Patel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Leukocyte migration into sites of inflammation involves multiple molecular interactions between leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells, mediating sequential leukocyte capture, rolling, and firm adhesion. In this study, we tested the role of molecular interactions between fractalkine (FKN), a transmembrane mucin-chemokine hybrid molecule expressed on activated endothelium, and its receptor (CX3CR1) in leukocyte capture, firm adhesion, and activation under physiologic flow conditions. Immobilized FKN fusion proteins captured resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells at physiologic wall shear stresses and induced firm adhesion of resting monocytes, resting and interleukin (IL)-2-activated CD8(+) T lymphocytes and IL-2-activated NK cells. FKN also induced cell shape change in firmly adherent monocytes and IL-2-activated lymphocytes. CX3CR1-transfected K562 cells, but not control K562 cells, firmly adhered to FKN-expressing ECV-304 cells (ECV-FKN) and tumor necrosis factor alpha-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This firm adhesion was not inhibited by pertussis toxin, EDTA/EGTA, or antiintegrin antibodies, indicating that the firm adhesion was integrin independent. In summary, FKN mediated the rapid capture, integrin-independent firm adhesion, and activation of circulating leukocytes under flow. Thus, FKN and CX3CR1 mediate a novel pathway for leukocyte trafficking.
Different inflammatory phenotypes in adults and children with acute asthma
Authors: F. Wang, X.Y. He, K.J. Baines, L.P. Gunawardhana, J.L. Simpson, F. Li, P.G. Gibson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Inflammatory phenotypes are recognised in stable adult asthma, but are less well established in childhood and acute asthma. Additionally, Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection as a cause of noneosinophilic asthma is controversial. This study examined the prevalence of inflammatory phenotypes and the presence of current C. pneumoniae infection in adults and children with stable and acute asthma. Adults with stable (n=29) or acute (n=22) asthma, healthy adults (n=11), children with stable (n=49) or acute (n=28) asthma, and healthy children (n=9) underwent clinical assessment and sputum induction. Sputum was assessed for inflammatory cells, and DNA was extracted from sputum cell suspensions and supernatants for C. pneumoniae detection using real-time PCR. The asthma phenotype was predominantly eosinophilic in children with acute asthma (50%) but neutrophilic in adults with acute asthma (82%). Paucigranulocytic asthma was the most common phenotype in both adults and children with stable asthma. C. pneumoniae was not detected in 99% of samples. The pattern of inflammatory phenotypes differs between adults and children, with eosinophilic inflammation being more prevalent in both acute and stable childhood asthma, and neutrophilic inflammation being the dominant pattern of acute asthma in adults. The aetiology of neutrophilic asthma is unknown and is not explained by the presence of current active C. pneumoniae infection.
An Investigation of the Cause of Low Variability on the Fourth Chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Martin Carr, Judith R. Soloway, Thelma E. Robinson, John F. Y. Brookfield
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster lacks meiotic recombination. There is also a lack of nucleotide variation on the chromosome. This lack of variation could have been caused by a recent selective sweep, by background selection, or by a combination of these two forces. It should be possible to differentiate between the two mechanisms by studying the frequencies of polymorphic sites on the chromosome: a selective sweep should have resulted in low-frequency polymorphisms, whereas higher frequency polymorphisms would indicate the action of background selection. We have analyzed retrotransposable element insertions on the fourth chromosome in 11 strains of D. melanogaster. The polymorphisms found have a range of frequencies, with the presence of some insertions with high frequencies suggesting that the lack of variation is the result of background selection. We summarize the data using two statistics: the number of sites shared by more than one of the sample of 11 chromosomes (internal sites) and the mean number of transposable element differences in presence or absence between the sampled chromosomes. Simulations indicate that a selective sweep occurring more than 15,000 (0.03N) generations ago cannot be ruled out from the number of internal sites, although the number of differences between the chromosomes suggests either background selection or a sweep occurring more than 60,000 (0.12N) generations ago. Our results show no homoplasies and are thus consistent with no recombination occurring on the chromosome. The difficulties of distinguishing between the models using polymorphism data are discussed.
Dissolving the elusiveness of altruism
Authors: Wim J. van der Steen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Rachlin provides an impressive integrative view of altruism and selfishness that helps us correct older views. He presents a highly general theory, even though he is aware of context-dependence of key notions, including altruism. The context-dependence should extend much farther than Rachlin allows it to go. We had better replace theoretical notions of altruism and selfishness by common sense.
Chlamydia pneumoniae: crossing the barriers?
Authors: F. Blasi, S. Centanni, L. Allegra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Chlamydia pneumoniae has been recognised as a cause of respiratory tract infections and implicated as a potential risk factor or causative agent in different extrapulmonary diseases including atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease 1–3. Being an obligate intracellular bacterium, C. pneumoniae has been detected in circulating monocytes and can activate inflammatory processes in epithelial, endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro 4.

In the present issue of the European Respiratory Journal ( ERJ ), Gieffers et al. 5 report an animal model showing that intratracheal infection with C. pneumoniae is followed by systemic dissemination of the infection mediated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The authors, on the basis of both the animal model and in vitro study results, hypothesise a “cellular model” for C. pneumoniae dissemination. Infection of the lung is characterised by an early phase dominated by granulocytes, and a late phase dominated by alveolar macrophages. Alveolar macrophages, infected by granulocytes, would migrate through the mucosal barrier, using lymphatic tissue, and gain access to the systemic circulation as PBMCs reaching the spleen and the vasculature. The conclusions are mostly inferred on the basis of cell morphology in the absence of definitive determination of infected cell types in extra-pulmonary tissues. Nonetheless, the proposed “cellular model” hypothesis is intriguing and undoubtedly consistent with other recently published studies.

Wark et al. 6 analysed the relationship between airway inflammation and serological response to C. pneumoniae in acute severe asthma. At presentation with acute asthma, the sputum total cell count was increased in C. pneumoniae antibody responders compared to nonresponders, and C. pneumoniae responders had significantly more sputum neutrophils compared to nonresponders. Moazed et al. 7 demonstrated that monocytes may act as vectors and systemically disseminate C. pneumoniae , and …
Drug resistance beyond extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Giovanni Battista Migliori, Giovanni Sotgiu, Neel R. Gandhi, Dennis Falzon, Kathryn DeRiemer, Rosella Centis, Maria-Graciela Hollm-Delgado, Domingo Palmero, Carlos Pérez-Guzmán, Mario H. Vargas, Lia D'Ambrosio, Antonio Spanevello, Melissa Bauer, Edward D. Chan, H. Simon Schaaf, Salmaan Keshavjee, Timothy H. Holtz, Dick Menzies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The broadest pattern of tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance for which a consensus definition exists is extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB. It is not known if additional drug resistance portends worsened patient outcomes. This study compares treatment outcomes of XDR-TB patients with and without additional resistance in order to explore the need for a new definition. Individual patient data on XDR-TB outcomes were included in a meta-analysis comparing outcomes between XDR alone and three nonmutually exclusive XDR-TB patient groups: XDR plus resistance to all the second-line injectables (sli) and capreomycin and kanamycin/amikacin (XDR+2sli) XDR plus resistance to second-line injectables and to more than one group 4 drug, i.e. ethionamide/protionamide, cycloserine/terizidone or para-aminosalicylic acid (XDR+sliG4) and XDR+sliG4 plus resistance to ethambutol and/or pyrazinamide (XDR+sliG4EZ). Of 405 XDR-TB cases, 301 were XDR alone, 68 XDR+2sli, 48 XDR+sliG4 and 42 XDR+sliG4EZ. In multivariate analysis, the odds of cure were significantly lower in XDR+2sli (adjusted OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8) compared to XDR alone, while odds of failure and death were higher in all XDR patients with additional resistance (adjusted OR 2.6-2.8). Patients with additional resistance beyond XDR-TB showed poorer outcomes. Limitations in availability, accuracy and reproducibility of current drug susceptibility testing methods preclude the adoption of a useful definition beyond the one currently used for XDR-TB.
The prognosis of incurable cachectic cancer patients on home parenteral nutrition: a multi-centre observational study with prospective follow-up of 414 patients
Authors: F. Bozzetti, L. Santarpia, L. Pironi, P. Thul, S. Klek, C. Gavazzi, M. Tinivella, F. Joly, C. Jonkers, J. Baxter, L. Gramlich, L. Chicharro, M. Staun, A. Van Gossum, S. Lo Vullo, L. Mariani
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Evaluation of several ultrasonography scoring systems for synovitis and comparison to clinical examination: results from a prospective multicentre study of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M. Dougados, S. Jousse-Joulin, F. Mistretta, M.-A. d'Agostino, M. Backhaus, J. Bentin, G. Chales, I. Chary-Valckenaere, P. Conaghan, F. Etchepare, P. Gaudin, W. Grassi, D. van der Heijde, J. Sellam, E. Naredo, M. Szkudlarek, R. Wakefield, A. Saraux
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate different global ultrasonographic (US) synovitis scoring systems as potential outcome measures of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials (OMERACT) filter. <h3>Methods</h3> To study selected global scoring systems, for the clinical, B mode and power Doppler techniques, the following joints were evaluated: 28 joints (28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28)), 20 joints (metacarpophalangeals (MCPs) + metatarsophalangeals (MTPs)) and 38 joints (28 joints + MTPs) using either a binary (yes/no) or a 0–3 grade. The study was a prospective, 4-month duration follow-up of 76 patients with RA requiring anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy (complete follow-up data: 66 patients). Intraobserver reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), construct validity was evaluated using the Cronbach α test and external validity was evaluated using level of correlation between scoring system and <i>C reactive protein</i> (CRP). Sensitivity to change was evaluated using the standardised response mean. Discriminating capacity was evaluated using the standardised mean differences in patients considered by the doctor as significantly improved or not at the end of the study. <h3>Results</h3> Different clinimetric properties of various US scoring systems were at least as good as the clinical scores with, for example, intraobserver reliability ranging from 0.61 to 0.97 versus from 0.53 to 0.82, construct validity ranging from 0.76 to 0.89 versus from 0.76 to 0.88, correlation with CRP ranging from 0.28 to 0.34 versus from 0.28 to 0.35 and sensitivity to change ranging from 0.60 to 1.21 versus from 0.96 to 1.36 for US versus clinical scoring systems, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study suggests that US evaluation of synovitis is an outcome measure at least as relevant as physical examination. Further studies are required in order to achieve optimal US scoring systems for monitoring patients with RA in clinical trials and in clinical practice.
Identification of Cockroach Allergen using Proteomic Analysis
Authors: L.K. Arruda, M.C.R. Barbosa, A.B.R. Santos, L.D. Santos, M.S. Palma, F. Ferreira-Briza, P. Briza, A. Erler, M.D. Chapman, A. Pomés
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
LC–MS/MS assay for pitavastatin in human plasma and subsequent application to a clinical study in healthy Chinese volunteers
Authors: Tengrui Yin, Qian Liu, Hui Zhao, Lirong Zhao, Hui Liu, Miao Li, Meilan Cui, Wengang Ren
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

A rapid, selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of pitavastatin in human plasma. Following a liquid–liquid extraction, both the analytes and internal standard telmisartan were separated on a Luna C18 column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile–methanol–1% formic acid in water (50:25:25, v/v/v). Mass spectrometric detection involved electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode followed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions at m/z 421.9 → 290.1 for pitavastatin and m/z 515.2 → 276.2 for the IS. The assay for pitavastatin showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.99) over the ranges 0.2–400 ng/ml, with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.2 ng/ml. Accuracy and precision for the assay were determined by calculating the intra- and inter-batch variation of quality control (QC) samples at three concentration levels, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 15% for both analytes. The mean extraction recovery of pitavastatin and IS were both above 70%. Matrix effect hasn't been found in this method. The method has been successfully applied to a clinic pharmacokinetic study of pitavastatin administered.