tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The influence of active and former smoking on the amount and quality of sleep in an obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) population versus habitual snorers
Authors: Oana-Claudia Deleanu, Diana Pocora, Ruxandra Ulmeanu, Stefan Mihaicuta, Florin-Dumitru Mihaltan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Purpose: Data regarding smoking-OSA relationship and sleep quality are inconsistent; studies are small, without adjustment for confounders (comorbidities, dependencies). Is known that acute withdrawal of nicotine causes sleep alteration, without dose-effect relationship.  Objective: We analyzed effects of smoking and smoking status on sleep in 2 groups (OSA and habitual snorers) comparable regarding comorbidities and dependencies.  Results: We analyzed 71 OSA patients (18% women,82% men) successfully CPAP titrated (other pathologies excluded): 25(35%)nonsmokers, 19(27%) active smokers (YP=21.5±20.7,Fagerstrom=3.5±2.1), 27(38%) exsmokers (YP=25.9±18.8); mean values: age=54.3±13 years, Epworth=8.2±5.4,total sleep time=5.6±2h, arousal index=29.7±23.7/h, AHI=38.1±35.6/h. We compared OSA active smokers with control group of 11 active smokers snorers (2 women, 9 men, age=41.1±11.7 years, Epworth=4.09±3.6, YP=23.2±22.5, Fagerstrom =4.6±2.3, total sleep time=4.7±2.3h, arousal index=15.8±11.6/h). OSA smokers sleep quality is affected vs non-smokers (more arousals, p=0.02).There was no difference in total sleep time, efficiency, sleep latency, sleep stages or OSA severity (except worse nocturnal hypoxemia in active smokers: r= -0.49,p=0.03); no differences between active smokers/exsmokers, nor between OSA patients and snorers. YP index correlates with arousal index, but doesn9t correlate with nicotine dependence.  Conclusion: Smoking intensity and sleep quality (arousal index)correlated, unrelated to nicotine dependence. Studies are needed to prospectively assess effects of smoking on sleep and OSA using a non-snoring smokers control group.
Enhanced vagal activity and normal arginine vasopressin response in carotid sinus syndrome: implications for a central abnormality in carotid sinus hypersensitivity
Authors: R. A. KENNY, C. C LYON, A. M INGRAM, J BAYLISS, S. L LIGHTMAN, R. SUTTON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

The relation between arginine vasopressin and vagal activity in carotid sinus syndrome was studied in 10 patients and 17 age matched controls using head up tilt as a stimulus. Of the controls, seven had unexplained syncope and 10 were healthy elderly subjects with no previous history of syncope. Subjects were studied supine for 45 min and thereafter during 120 min head up tilt to 40 degrees. Phasic arterial pressure and heart rate were monitored throughout. Serum was sampled at frequent intervals to measure arginine vasopressin, noradrenaline, and adrenaline concentrations. Seventy per cent of carotid sinus patients had vasovagal syncope at (mean(SD)) 25(4) min after tilt compared with 43% of subjects with unexplained syncope and one healthy elderly control. The maximum (mean(SD)) fall in systolic blood pressure and heart rate was 70(20) mmHg and 20(7) beats.min-1 (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01 respectively). Arginine vasopressin, noradrenaline, and adrenaline concentrations rose significantly in syncopal subjects (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01, and p less than 0.05 respectively). Changes in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and hormone concentrations were similar for patients with carotid sinus syndrome and control subjects. For those who completed the tilt period without the development of symptoms, systolic blood pressure and arginine vasopressin and adrenaline concentrations were unchanged, whereas noradrenaline concentrations and heart rate rose significantly. Vasovagal activity is thus appreciably increased in carotid sinus syndrome. Furthermore, the afferent limb of the carotid sinus reflex appears to be intact in patients with carotid sinus syndrome since the pattern of arginine vasopressin release was not different from controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Exhaled nitric oxide, susceptibility and new-onset asthma in the Children's Health Study
Authors: T.M. Bastain, T. Islam, K.T. Berhane, R.S. McConnell, E.B. Rappaport, M.T. Salam, W.S. Linn, E.L. Avol, Y. Zhang, F.D. Gilliland
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

A substantial body of evidence suggests an aetiological role of inflammation, and oxidative and nitrosative stress in asthma pathogenesis. Exhaled nitric oxide fraction ( F eNO ) may provide a noninvasive marker of oxidative and nitrosative stress, and aspects of airway inflammation. We examined whether children with elevated F eNO are at increased risk for new-onset asthma. We prospectively followed 2,206 asthma-free children (age 7–10 yrs) who participated in the Children’s Health Study. We measured F eNO and followed these children for 3 yrs to ascertain incident asthma cases. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to examine the association between F eNO and new-onset asthma. We found that F eNO was associated with increased risk of new-onset asthma. Children in the highest F eNO quartile had more than a two-fold increased risk of new-onset asthma compared to those with the lowest quartile (hazard ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.5). This effect did not vary with the child’s history of respiratory allergic symptoms. However, the effect of elevated F eNO on new-onset asthma was most apparent among those without a parental history of asthma. Our results indicate that children with elevated F eNO are at increased risk for new-onset asthma, especially if they have no parental history of asthma.
Latex allergy: the sum quantity of four major allergens shows the allergenic potential of medical gloves
Authors: T. Palosuo, H. Reinikka‐Railo, H. Kautiainen, H. Alenius, N. Kalkkinen, M. Kulomaa, T. Reunala, K. Turjanmaa
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Assessment of allergenic potential of medical devices made of natural rubber latex (NRL) requires the measurement of concentrations of specific allergenic proteins or polypeptides eluting from rubber. Methods: Four NRL allergens (Hev b 1, 3, 5, and 6.02) were quantified in all medical glove brands marketed in Finland in 1999, 2001, and 2003 ( n = 208) by a capture enzyme immunoassay. The results were compared with those obtained from previous nationwide market surveys, using a skin prick test‐validated human IgE‐based ELISA‐inhibition method. Results: A high overall correlation ( r = 0.87, 95% CI 0.83–0.90) emerged between the sum values of the four allergens(μg/g glove) and IgE‐ELISA inhibition (allergen units, AU/ml, 1 : 5 diluted glove extract). The sum of four allergens when set at 0.15 μg/g discriminated ‘low allergenic’ (&lt;10 AU/ml) from ‘moderate‐ to high‐allergenic’ (≥10 AU/ml) gloves at a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.85–0.98) and specificity of 0.90 (95% CI 0.83–0.94). When the sum was below the detection limit (0.03 μg/g) all gloves belonged to the previously defined low‐allergen category. Conclusions: By comparing the sum concentration of four selected NRL allergens with results obtained in human IgE‐ELISA inhibition, it was possible set a cut‐off level (0.15 μg/g) below which virtually all gloves contain low or insignificant amounts of allergens, and can be considered as low allergenic. At different cut‐off‐points, one could calculate the likelihood of a given glove to belong to the previously defined low, moderate or high allergen categories.
Pulmonary Matrix Metalloproteinase Excess in Hospital-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Christine M. Hartog, Johanna A. Wermelt, Carsten O. Sommerfeld, Wolfgang Eichler, Klaus Dalhoff, Joerg Braun
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

In hospital-acquired pneumonia, extracellular matrix destruction is common and may be caused by excessive activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Thirty patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia and 16 control subjects were studied. We evaluated the concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in mini-bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (mini-BALF) and blood using zymography and specific immunoassays. In patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia concentrations of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in mini-BALF were increased 10-fold, whereas their specific inhibitor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was not concomitantly increased. In 80% of patients with pneumonia, but in none of the control subjects, the active form of MMP-9 was detected by zymography. Zymography furthermore showed the banding pattern of neutrophil-derived MMP-9, indicating that neutrophils were the main source of MMP-9. Comparison of neutrophils from blood and mini-BALF showed higher basal release of MMPs by pulmonary neutrophils. Stimulation analysis indicated that pulmonary neutrophils were already maximally activated. In patients with detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, concentrations of MMPs were fivefold increased compared with patients with negative cultures. Furthermore, MMP-levels were related to clinical severity. These are the first data suggesting that neutrophil-derived MMPs are increased in hospital-acquired pneumonia in association to the detection of causative microorganisms and clinical severity.
Adenosine plasma concentration in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Alain Y. Saadjian, Franck Paganelli, Martine L. Reynaud Gaubert, Samuel Levy, Régis P. Guieu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: In this study, we sought to appreciate the role of adenosine in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone, especially in the case of clinical pulmonary hypertension, by investigating the relationship between endogenous plasma adenosine levels and pulmonary artery vasoconstriction. Methods: Adenosine plasma concentrations, were measured simultaneously in the distal right pulmonary artery and in the femoral artery, both at steady state (room air) and during pure oxygen inhalation. Three clinical situations were considered: (1) normal hemodynamics [7 control subjects, mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP)=18.5±1 mm Hg], (2) moderate pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), (8 patients, MPAP=31±3 mm Hg), (3) severe primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), (8 patients, MPAP=70±5 mm Hg). Results: In every instance, adenosine evaluated by HPLC was higher in the pulmonary than in the systemic circulation. For room air, adenosine plasma concentrations were significantly lower in COPD (0.49±0.16 μmol l−1) and PPH patients (0.45±0.14 μmol l−1) than in controls (1.26±0.12 μmol l−1). During O2 administration, adenosine plasma concentrations all decreased but more so in COPD and PPH patients. The significant correlations between adenosine plasma concentrations and both pulmonary vascular resistance and PvO2, in controls, were not found in COPD or PPH patients. Conclusion: The adenosine plasma concentrations in the pulmonary circulation of PPH and COPD patients are low, and may contribute to pulmonary artery hypertension.
Fetal Sex and Maternal Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Impact of Having a Boy
Authors: Ravi Retnakaran, Caroline K. Kramer, Chang Ye, Simone Kew, Anthony J. Hanley, Philip W. Connelly, Mathew Sermer, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Retrospective analyses of perinatal databases have raised the intriguing possibility of an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women carrying a male fetus, but it has been unclear if this was a spurious association. We thus sought to evaluate the relationship between fetal sex and maternal glucose metabolism in a well-characterized cohort of women reflecting the full spectrum of gestational glucose tolerance from normal to mildly abnormal to GDM.A total of 1,074 pregnant women underwent metabolic characterization, including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), at mean 29.5 weeks' gestation. The prevalence of GDM, its pathophysiologic determinants (β-cell function and insulin sensitivity/resistance), and its clinical risk factors were compared between women carrying a female fetus (n = 534) and those carrying a male fetus (n = 540).Women carrying a male fetus had lower mean adjusted β-cell function (insulinogenic index divided by HOMA of insulin resistance: 9.4 vs. 10.5, P = 0.007) and higher mean adjusted blood glucose at 30 min (P = 0.025), 1 h (P = 0.004), and 2 h (P = 0.02) during the OGTT, as compared with those carrying a female fetus. Furthermore, women carrying a male fetus had higher odds of developing GDM (odds ratio 1.39 [95% CI 1.01-1.90]). Indeed, male fetus further increased the relative risk of GDM conferred by the classic risk factors of maternal age >35 years and nonwhite ethnicity by 47 and 51%, respectively.Male fetus is associated with poorer β-cell function, higher postprandial glycemia, and an increased risk of GDM in the mother. Thus, fetal sex potentially may influence maternal glucose metabolism in pregnancy.
Increased microvascular blood content is an early event in colon carcinogenesis
Authors: R K Wali, H K Roy, Y L Kim, Y Liu, J L Koetsier, D P Kunte, M J Goldberg, V Turzhitsky, V Backman
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Increased premalignant epithelial microvascular blood content is a common theme in neoplastic transformation; however, demonstration of this phenomenon in colon carcinogenesis has been stymied by methodological limitations. Our group has recently developed a novel optics technology, four dimensional elastic light scattering fingerprinting (4D-ELF), which allows examination of the colonic mucosal architecture with unprecedented accuracy. In this study, we utilised 4D-ELF to probe the preneoplastic colonic microvasculature. <b>Methods:</b> Colonic mucosal blood content was assessed by 4D-ELF at serial preneoplastic time points from azoxymethane (AOM) treated Fisher 344 rats and age matched control animals. We also examined the pretumorigenic intestinal mucosa of the MIN mouse, and compared with wild-type mice. Finally, in a pilot study, we examined superficial blood content from the endoscopically normal mid transverse colon in 37 patients undergoing screening colonoscopy. <b>Results:</b> In the AOM treated rat model, augmentation of superficial mucosal and total mucosal/superficial submucosal blood supply preceded the appearance of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and temporally and spatially correlated with future ACF occurrence. These findings were replicated in MIN mice. The 4D-ELF based results were corroborated with immunoblot analysis for haemoglobin on mucosal scrapings from AOM treated rats. Moreover, 4D-ELF analysis of normal human colonic mucosa indicated that there was a threefold increase in superficial blood in patients who harboured advanced adenomas. <b>Conclusion:</b> We report, for the first time, that blood content is increased in the colonic microvasculature at the earliest stages of colon carcinogenesis. These findings may provide novel insights into early biological events in colorectal carcinogenesis and have potential applicability for screening.
Peripheral neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX) or capecitabine (XELOX): a prospective evaluation of 150 colorectal cancer patients
Authors: A.A. Argyriou, R. Velasco, C. Briani, G. Cavaletti, J. Bruna, P. Alberti, M. Cacciavillani, S. Lonardi, C. Santos, D. Cortinovis, M. Cazzaniga, H.P. Kalofonos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Coronary Blood Flow Measurements in the Presence of Arterial Obstruction
Authors: MAUREEN A. HARMAN, ANGEL MARKOV, PATRICK H. LEHAN, HENRY A. OLDEWURTEL, TIMOTHY J. REGAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

As an approach to delivery of inert gas to the myocardium in the presence of coronary artery obstruction, Kr 85 in saline was injected into a catheter in the coronary venous system of intact anesthetized dogs. Isotope delivered at the level of the great cardiac vein was selectively localized in the region of myocardium subserved by the vein and the left anterior descending artery. Similarly, injection at the coronary sinus level was attended by localization of isotope to the area perfused by the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Precordial counting of isotope delivered in this retrograde manner yielded coronary blood flow values that closely corresponded to those derived from coronary arterial injection. Coronary thrombus formation in either of the major left coronary branches was reflected in substantial flow reductions when isotope was delivered via the artery distal to the thrombus. A similar flow decrement was observed when the gas was delivered via the corresponding venous site, while normal blood flow levels were derived from the nonischemic area. Application of the method to detection of coronary arterial obstruction in man is discussed.
Exclusive CX3CR1 dependence of kidney DCs impacts glomerulonephritis progression
Authors: Katharina Hochheiser, Christoph Heuser, Torsten A. Krause, Simon Teteris, Anissa Ilias, Christina Weisheit, Florian Hoss, André P. Tittel, Percy A. Knolle, Ulf Panzer, Daniel R. Engel, Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Christian Kurts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

DCs and macrophages both express the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. Here we demonstrate that its ligand, CX3CL1, is highly expressed in the murine kidney and intestine. CX3CR1 deficiency markedly reduced DC numbers in the healthy and inflamed kidney cortex, and to a lesser degree in the kidney medulla and intestine, but not in other organs. CX3CR1 also promoted influx of DC precursors in crescentic glomerulonephritis, a DC-dependent aggressive type of nephritis. Disease severity was strongly attenuated in CX3CR1-deficient mice. Primarily CX3CR1-dependent DCs in the kidney cortex processed antigen for the intrarenal stimulation of T helper cells, a function important for glomerulonephritis progression. In contrast, medullary DCs played a specialized role in inducing innate immunity against bacterial pyelonephritis by recruiting neutrophils through rapid chemokine production. CX3CR1 deficiency had little effect on the immune defense against pyelonephritis, as medullary DCs were less CX3CR1 dependent than cortical DCs and because recruited neutrophils produced chemokines to compensate for the DC paucity. These findings demonstrate that cortical and medullary DCs play specialized roles in their respective kidney compartments. We identify CX3CR1 as a potential therapeutic target in glomerulonephritis that may involve fewer adverse side effects, such as impaired anti-infectious defense or compromised DC functions in other organs.
Antidesmocollin-1 antibody–positive, antidesmoglein antibody–negative pemphigus herpetiformis
Authors: Chiharu Tateishi, Daisuke Tsuruta, Takeshi Nakanishi, Shinji Uehara, Hiromi Kobayashi, Masamitsu Ishii, Takashi Hashimoto
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Pregnancy Incidence and Outcomes Among Women Receiving Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention
Authors: Nelly R. Mugo, Ting Hong, Connie Celum, Deborah Donnell, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Grace John-Stewart, Jonathan Wangisi, Edwin Were, Renee Heffron, Lynn T. Matthews, Susan Morrison, Kenneth Ngure, Jared M. Baeten
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), using tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and combination emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC+TDF), is efficacious for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. PrEP could reduce periconception HIV risk, but the effect on pregnancy outcomes is not well defined.To assess pregnancy incidence and outcomes among women using PrEP during the periconception period.Randomized trial among 1785 HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual couples (the Partners PrEP Study) in which the female partner was HIV uninfected that demonstrated that PrEP was efficacious for HIV prevention, conducted between July 2008 and June 2013 at 9 sites in Kenya and Uganda.Daily oral TDF (n = 598), combination FTC+TDF (n = 566), or placebo (n = 621) through July 2011, when PrEP demonstrated efficacy for HIV prevention. Thereafter, participants continued receiving active PrEP without placebo. Pregnancy testing occurred monthly and study medication was discontinued when pregnancy was detected.Pregnancy incidence, birth outcomes (live births, pregnancy loss, preterm birth, congenital anomalies), and infant growth.A total of 431 pregnancies occurred. Pregnancy incidence was 10.0 per 100 person-years among women assigned placebo, 11.9 among those assigned TDF (incidence difference, 1.9; 95% CI, -1.1 to 4.9 [P = .22 vs placebo]), and 8.8 among those assigned FTC+TDF (incidence difference, -1.3; 95% CI, -4.1 to 1.5 [P = .39 vs placebo]). Before discontinuation of the placebo treatment group in July 2011, the occurrence of pregnancy loss (96 of 288 pregnancies) was 42.5% for women receiving FTC+TDF compared with 32.3% for those receiving placebo (difference for FTC+TDF vs placebo, 10.2%; 95% CI, -5.3% to 25.7%; P = .16) and was 27.7% for those receiving TDF alone (difference vs placebo, -4.6%; 95% CI, -18.1% to 8.9%; P = .46). After July 2011, the frequency of pregnancy loss (52 of 143 pregnancies) was 37.5% for FTC+TDF and 36.7% for TDF alone (difference, 0.8%; 95% CI, -16.8% to 18.5%; P = .92). Occurrence of preterm birth, congenital anomalies, and growth throughout the first year of life did not differ significantly for infants born to women who received PrEP vs placebo.Among HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual African couples, differences in pregnancy incidence, birth outcomes, and infant growth were not statistically different for women receiving PrEP with TDF alone or combination FTC+TDF compared with placebo at conception. Given that PrEP was discontinued when pregnancy was detected and that CIs for the birth outcomes were wide, definitive statements about the safety of PrEP in the periconception period cannot be made. These results should be discussed with HIV-uninfected women receiving PrEP who are considering becoming pregnant.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00557245.
Tissue T and B cell infiltration of primary and metastatic cancer.
Authors: G Husby, P M Hoagland, R G Strickland, R C Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Immunofluorescent techniques were utilized to identify the types of infiltrating lymphocytes adjacent to human malignant tumors arising from a wide range of anatomic sites. 24 of 29 primary tumors and 5 of 8 metastatic lesions showed varying degrees of lymphocytic infiltration. T cells predominated in the infiltrates in primary tumors (mean 80%, range 50-100%) and this pattern was evident regardless of anatomic site or the presence or absence of metastatic spread. By contrast, B cells predominated at the margins of three of five tumor metastases. Mononuclear cells bearing the Fc receptor were not a prominent component of the infiltrates associated with either primary tumors or metastases, but tumor cell binding of fluoresceinated IgG aggregates was observed in 12 of 29 primary tumors. A significant reduction in peripheral blood T cell numbers occurred in a third of the patients studied. This decrease was not clearly related either to the extent of local tumor T cell infiltration or to the presence of disseminated disease. These preliminary findings provide a descriptive analysis of the local and systemic distributions of immunocompetent cells in cancer.