tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Newell and Shanks' approach to psychology is a dead end
Authors: Ap Dijksterhuis, Ad van Knippenberg, Rob W. Holland, Harm Veling
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Newell &amp; Shanks (N&amp;S) criticize theories on decision making that include unconscious processes. To the extent that their own perspective becomes apparent, however, it is dated, implausible, and at odds with the major developments of the past decades. Their conclusions are, at least for research areas we feel entitled to evaluate, based on a biased sampling of the literature.
P56 High incidence of tuberculosis in patients with chronic kidney disease in a tertiary referral unit
Authors: P. Palchaudhuri, A. Riding, P. Begum, M. Ostermann, H. Milburn
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Introduction Patients with chonic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) due to immunosuppression from renal failure. There is little information on incidence of TB in CKD patients in countries such as the UK with a low background rate of TB. The incidence of TB is 14.9/100 000 population in UK and 43/100 000 population in London.[1][1] Our aim was to establish this incidence in our CKD patients. Methods We identified 40 patients with CKD at a single large renal unit in London who developed TB from 1994 to 2010. Data collected included site of TB, treatment received for CKD (pre-dialysis, peritoneal dialysis (PD), haemodialysis or transplant) and outcome. Incidence of TB was calculated from total number of TB patients and total number of CKD patients in each CKD treatment group from 1994–2010. Results Sites of TB were: 21 pulmonary, six lymph node (cervical, mediastinal and aortic lymph nodes), five disseminated/miliary, six spinal, one renal, one skin and three of unknown sites. Only three patients had a past medical history of TB. Three PD patients had TB of whom two had peritoneal TB. 18/40 CKD/TB patients were pre-dialysis, 3/40 had PD, 15/40 were on haemodialysis, 4/40 had a transplant. The incidence of TB was 398/100 000 in patients on PD, 1267/100 000 in patients on haemodialysis and 298/100 000 in renal transplant recipients. No total pre-dialysis patient numbers were available. 17/40 patients were further immunosuppressed by either HIV (five cases) or drugs (12 patients) such as prednisolone, cyclosporine, tacrolimus or mycophenolate mofetil. Most of the latter had either functioning or non-functioning transplants. All patients were cured except for one who died of an unrelated cause. Conclusions Patients with CKD are at increased risk of developing TB compared with the general UK population. Peritoneal TB is more common in patients on PD whereas pulmonary TB is seen more often in other CKD groups followed by lymph node TB. More than two fifth of the CKD/TB patients had further immunosuppression in the form of drugs or HIV infection, thus further increasing their risk of developing TB. [1]: #ref-1
OP07 * THE IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF DECORIN - A NOVEL AGENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME
Authors: L. J. Hill, H. Botfield, M. K. Hossain-Ibrahim, A. Logan, G. S. Cruickshank
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Current treatments for Glioblastoma (GBM) are inadequate and immunotherapeutics may provide better outcomes for patients. Human recombinant Decorin is a glycoprotein that modulates inflammation & GBM growth by inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. As Decorin is found in human tissue rich in fibrillar collagen (e.g. skin, heart, bone lung & liver) it is a potentially safe drug to be trialled in humans. METHOD: The local immune and microglial response to intracerebral injections of Decorin was investigated. Rats (n = 6 for each group) received either an injection of PBS (control) or 5¼l 5mg/ml Decorin and were sacrificed at 30min, 3 & 24 hrs or after continuous infusion of either PBS (control) or Decorin for 7 days. CSF samples were taken and analysed by ELISA and Luminex for presence of Decorin and change in inflammatory markers. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to investigate the effects of Decorin on microglia using OX42. RESULTS: There was no inflammatory reaction or cavity formation in brain. Decorin supressed the microglial response after direct injections into the brain compared to PBS control. At 30 mins, low levels of decorin were detected (with ELISA) in CSF and serum but none was detected at 3hrs and 24hrs after injection. CONCLUSION: Decorin showed no dose limiting toxicity, whilst maintaining its immunomodulatory effects in brain. These findings show a safe pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile.
Antihypertensive Agents for Primary Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Giovanni F.M. Strippoli, Maria Craig, Francesco P. Schena, Jonathan C. Craig
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative effects of antihypertensive agents in patients with diabetes and normoalbuminuria. Randomized, controlled trials that compared any antihypertensive agent with placebo or another agent in hypertensive or normotensive patients with diabetes and normoalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate <30 mg/d) were identified on Medline, in Embase, on the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, in conference proceedings, and by contacting investigators. Two authors independently extracted data on renal outcomes and other patient-relevant outcomes (e.g., mortality, serious cardiovascular events) and assessed quality of trials. Analysis was by a random-effects model, and results were expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sixteen trials (7603 patients) were identified, six of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) versus placebo, six of ACEi versus calcium antagonists, one of ACEi versus calcium antagonists or combined ACEi and calcium antagonist, and three of ACEi versus other agents. Compared with placebo, ACEi significantly reduced the development of microalbuminuria (six trials, 3840 patients; RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.84) but not doubling of creatinine (three trials, 2683 patients; RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.24 to 2.71) or all-cause mortality (four trials, 3284 patients; RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.64 to 1.03). Compared with calcium antagonists, ACEi significantly reduced progression to microalbuminuria (four trials, 1210 patients; RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.84). A significant reduction in the risk for developing microalbuminuria in normoalbuminuric patients with diabetes has been demonstrated for ACEi only. It seems that the effect of ACEi is independent of baseline BP, renal function, and type of diabetes, but data are too sparse to be confident that these are not important effect modifiers, and an individual patient data meta-analysis is required.
Health Risks Associated With Cigar Smoking
Authors: F Baker, S R Ainsworth, J T Dye, C Crammer, M J Thun, D Hoffmann, J L Repace, J E Henningfield, J Slade, J Pinney, T Shanks, D M Burns, G N Connolly, D R Shopland
Journal: JAMA (2000)

This article summarizes principal findings from a conference convened by the American Cancer Society in June 1998 to examine the health risks of cigar smoking. State-of-the-science reports were presented and 120 attendees (representing government and private agencies, academia, health educators, and tobacco control experts) participated in panels and summary development discussions. The following conclusions were reached by consensus: (1) rates of cigar smoking are rising among both adults and adolescents; (2) smoking cigars instead of cigarettes does not reduce the risk of nicotine addiction; (3) as the number of cigars smoked and the amount of smoke inhaled increases, the risk of death related to cigar smoking approaches that of cigarette smoking; (4) cigar smoke contains higher concentrations of toxic and carcinogenic compounds than cigarettes and is a major source of fine-particle and carbon monoxide indoor air pollution; and (5) cigar smoking is known to cause cancers of the lung and upper aerodigestive tract.
Monitoring the effect of gene silencing by RNA interference in human CD34+ cells injected into newborn RAG2-/- γc-/- mice: functional inactivation of p53 in developing T cells
Authors: Ramon Gimeno, Kees Weijer, Arie Voordouw, Christel H. Uittenbogaart, Nicolas Legrand, Nuno L. Alves, Erwin Wijnands, Bianca Blom, Hergen Spits
Journal: Blood (2004)
Comparison of gemcitabine and carboplatin versus cisplatin and etoposide for patients with poor-prognosis small cell lung cancer
Authors: S M Lee, L E James, W Qian, S Spiro, T Eisen, N H Gower, D R Ferry, D Gilligan, P G Harper, J Prendiville, M Hocking, R M Rudd
Journal: Thorax (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> The combination of cisplatin and etoposide (PE) has been a standard treatment for patients with poor-prognosis small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This non-inferiority design trial aimed to determine whether the combination of gemcitabine and carboplatin (GC) results in similar survival but is less toxic with better quality of life. <h3>Methods:</h3> Previously untreated patients with SCLC with extensive disease or limited stage with poor prognostic factors were randomly assigned to six 3-weekly cycles of GC or PE. <h3>Results:</h3> 241 patients (121 GC, 120 PE) were recruited, of which 216 (90%) had died. There was no difference in overall survival (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.32). Median survival with GC and PE was 8.0 and 8.1 months, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 5.9 months with GC and 6.3 months with PE. Grade 3 or 4 myelosuppressions were more frequent with GC (anaemia: 14% GC vs 2% PE; leucopenia: 32% GC vs 13% PE; thrombocytopenia: 22% GC vs 4% PE), but these were not associated with increased hospital admissions, infections or fatalities. Grade 2–3 alopecia (68% PE vs 17% GC) and nausea (43% PE vs 26% GC) were more frequent with PE. Patients given GC received more chemotherapy as outpatients (89% GC vs 66% PE of treatment cycles). In QoL questionnaires, more patients receiving PE reported being upset by hair loss (p = 0.004) and impaired cognitive functioning (p = 0.04). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> GC is as effective as PE in terms of overall survival and progression-free survival and has a toxicity profile more acceptable to patients. <h3>Trial registration number:</h3> ISRCTN 39679215
A Palpable Erythematous Cord Over the Trunk in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus—Quiz Case
Authors: Henry K Wong, Benjamin H Kaffenberger, Matthew Zirwas
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Early Detection of Toxicity and Adjustment of Ongoing Clinical Trials: The History and Performance of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group’s Real-Time Toxicity Monitoring Program
Authors: Richard M. Goldberg, Daniel J. Sargent, Roscoe F. Morton, Michelle R. Mahoney, James E. Krook, Michael J. O’Connell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

ABSTRACT: Prospective clinical trials are the gold standard for evidence-based methodology used to support changes in the practice of medicine. Clinical researchers, regulatory agencies, payers, and the public embrace the conduct of phase I, II, and III clinical trials as integral to improving patient care. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) funds a number of cooperative oncology groups to conduct such clinical trials in the United States. In order to protect enrolling patients, the NCI requires expedited reporting to allow rapid identification of severe side effects on NCI-sponsored clinical trials. However, chemotherapy drugs frequently cause predictable side effects, the rapid reporting of which would potentially overwhelm the system. This article describes the development and documents the performance of a real-time toxicity reporting system implemented by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. The goal of this system is to supplement the currently required NCI adverse event monitoring procedures and to permit study teams to identify the need to modify ongoing clinical trials. The system has proven its value in the monitoring of phase II and III trials, including trial N9741, a three-arm, phase III, advanced colorectal cancer chemotherapy study exploring combinations of irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and fluorouracil. We believe the methods described present opportunities for improving patient safety in clinical research.
Dynamic expression of small non-coding RNAs, including novel microRNAs and piRNAs/21U-RNAs, during Caenorhabditis elegans development
Authors: Masaomi Kato, Alexandre de Lencastre, Zachary Pincus, Frank J Slack
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), serve an important role in controlling gene expression during development and disease. However, little detailed information exists concerning the relative expression patterns of small RNAs during development of animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans.We performed a deep analysis of small RNA expression in C. elegans using recent advances in sequencing technology, and found that a significant number of known miRNAs showed major changes in expression during development and between males and hermaphrodites. Additionally, we identified 66 novel miRNA candidates, about 35% of which showed transcripts from their 'star sequence', suggesting that they are bona fide miRNAs. Also, hundreds of novel Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)/21U-RNAs with dynamic expression during development, together with many longer transcripts encompassing 21U-RNA sequences, were detected in our libraries.Our analysis reveals extensive regulation of non-coding small RNAs during development of hermaphrodites and between different genders of C. elegans, and suggests that these RNAs, including novel miRNA candidates, are involved in developmental processes. These findings should lead to a better understanding of the biological roles of small RNAs in C. elegans development.
Book Review Hematology: Landmark Papers of the Twentieth Century Edited by Marshall A. Lichtman, Jerry L. Spivak, Laurence A. Boxer, Sanford J. Shattil, and Edward S. Henderson. 1065 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2000. $149.95. 0-12-448510-3
Authors: Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)
Conformity of bacterial growth in sputum and contamination free endobronchial samples in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: H Gilljam, A S Malmborg, B Strandvik
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The use of sputum cultures to guide the antimicrobial treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis has been questioned. Bacterial growth and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 33 culture pairs from sputum and contamination free endobronchial swabs from 14 patients with cystic fibrosis were compared. As expected, Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the mucoid and non-mucoid type, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae were the organisms most frequently found. Absolute or good agreement was found in 73% of the culture pairs. The accuracy of the sputum cultures improved with the duration of antimicrobial treatment. The extra information gained from the endobronchial culture did not change the antimicrobial strategy from that based on the sputum culture alone. It is concluded that sputum cultures provide accurate information about the bacterial colonisation of the lower respiratory tract in patients with cystic fibrosis and therefore can be trusted both at onset of treatment and during the entire treatment period.
Suboptimal asthma control: prevalence, detection and consequences in general practice
Authors: K. R. Chapman, L. P. Boulet, R. M. Rea, E. Franssen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Telephone surveys describing suboptimal asthma control may be biased by low response rates. In order to obtain an unbiased assessment of asthma control and assess its impact in primary care, primary care physicians used a 1-page control questionnaire in 50 consecutive asthma patients. Of the 10,428 patients assessed by 354 physicians, 59% were uncontrolled, 19% well-controlled and 23% totally controlled. Physicians overestimated control, regarding only 42% of patients as uncontrolled. Physicians were more likely to report plans to alter the regimens of uncontrolled patients than controlled patients (1.29 versus 0.20 medication changes per patient) doing so in a fashion consistent with guideline recommendations. Of the uncontrolled patients, 59% required one or more urgent care or specialist visits versus 26 and 15% of well-controlled or totally controlled patients, respectively. Patients were more likely to report short-term symptom control when they had not required urgent or specialist care (odds ratio 5.68; 95% confidence interval 4.91–6.58). The majority of asthma patients treated in general practice are uncontrolled. Lack of control can be recognised by physicians who are likely to consider appropriate changes to therapy. A lack of short-term symptom control of asthma is associated with excess healthcare utilisation.
Timing of onset of cognitive decline: results from Whitehall II prospective cohort study
Authors: A. Singh-Manoux, M. Kivimaki, M. M. Glymour, A. Elbaz, C. Berr, K. P. Ebmeier, J. E. Ferrie, A. Dugravot
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To estimate 10 year decline in cognitive function from longitudinal data in a middle aged cohort and to examine whether age cohorts can be compared with cross sectional data to infer the effect of age on cognitive decline. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. At study inception in 1985-8, there were 10 308 participants, representing a recruitment rate of 73%. <b>Setting</b> Civil service departments in London, United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 5198 men and 2192 women, aged 45-70 at the beginning of cognitive testing in 1997-9. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Tests of memory, reasoning, vocabulary, and phonemic and semantic fluency, assessed three times over 10 years. <b>Results</b> All cognitive scores, except vocabulary, declined in all five age categories (age 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, and 65-70 at baseline), with evidence of faster decline in older people. In men, the 10 year decline, shown as change/range of test×100, in reasoning was −3.6% (95% confidence interval −4.1% to −3.0%) in those aged 45-49 at baseline and −9.6% (−10.6% to −8.6%) in those aged 65-70. In women, the corresponding decline was −3.6% (−4.6% to −2.7%) and −7.4% (−9.1% to −5.7%). Comparisons of longitudinal and cross sectional effects of age suggest that the latter overestimate decline in women because of cohort differences in education. For example, in women aged 45-49 the longitudinal analysis showed reasoning to have declined by −3.6% (−4.5% to −2.8%) but the cross sectional effects suggested a decline of −11.4% (−14.0% to −8.9%). <b>Conclusions</b> Cognitive decline is already evident in middle age (age 45-49).
Effect of Intravenous Paracetamol on Postoperative Morphine Requirements in Neonates and Infants Undergoing Major Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Ilse Ceelie, Saskia N. de Wildt, Monique van Dijk, Margreeth M. J. van den Berg, Gerbrich E. van den Bosch, Hugo J. Duivenvoorden, Tom G. de Leeuw, Ron Mathôt, Catherijne A. J. Knibbe, Dick Tibboel
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Importance Continuous morphine infusion as standard postoperative analgesic therapy in young infants is associated with unwanted adverse effects such as respiratory depression.Objective To determine whether intravenous paracetamol (acetaminophen) would significantly (Ͼ30%) reduce morphine requirements in neonates and infants after major surgery.Design, Setting, and Patients Single-center, randomized, double-blind study conducted in a level 3 pediatric intensive care unit in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Patients were 71 neonates or infants younger than 1 year undergoing major thoracic (noncardiac) or abdominal surgery between March 2008 and July 2010, with follow-up of 48 hours.Interventions All patients received a loading dose of morphine 30 minutes before the end of surgery, followed by continuous morphine or intermittent intravenous paracetamol up to 48 hours postsurgery.Infants in both study groups received morphine (boluses and/or continuous infusion) as rescue medication on the guidance of the validated pain assessment instruments. Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome was cumulative morphine dose (study and rescue dose).Secondary outcomes were pain scores and morphine-related adverse effects. ResultsThe cumulative median morphine dose in the first 48 hours postoperatively was 121 (interquartile range, 99-264) g/kg in the paracetamol group (n=33) and 357 (interquartile range, 220-605) g/kg in the morphine group (n=38), PϽ.001, with a betweengroup difference that was 66% (95% CI, 34%-109%) lower in the paracetamol group.Pain scores and adverse effects were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion and RelevanceAmong infants undergoing major surgery, postoperative use of intermittent intravenous paracetamol compared with continuous morphine resulted in a lower cumulative morphine dose over 48 hours.
Respiratory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a prospective analysis of 60 patients
Authors: B Buyse, M Demedts, J Meekers, L Vandegaer, F Rochette, L Kerkhofs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

This study aimed to determine the relationship between pulmonary function, respiratory muscle function and neurological function in multiple sclerosis (MS). Sixty patients (27 males and 33 females) aged 27-75 yrs (mean +/- SD 48 +/- 12 yrs) were prospectively studied. The Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS; range 0-10) score was 6.5 +/- 1.5; and the different Functional Systems Scores (FSS; ranges 0-5 and 0-6) were: pyramidal 3.4 +/- 1.1; brain stem 1.9 +/- 1.2; mental 1.3 +/- 0.9; cerebellar 2.2 +/- 1.0; sphincter 1.8 +/- 1.5; visual 1.4 +/- 1.4; and sensory 2.0 +/- 1.5. Results of lung function tests were: vital capacity (VC) 80 +/- 23% of predicted; single-breath transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TL, CO, sb) 83 +/- 17% pred; maximal static expiratory mouth pressure (MEP) 30 +/- 16% pred; and maximal static inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP) 47 +/- 23% pred, indicating a marked respiratory muscle dysfunction, with a minor restrictive defect. In 70% of the patients, a transcutaneous oxygen saturation (Stc, O2) of less than 92% at night was found. Comparison of lung function and disability scores showed that the abnormalities in both tended to be correlated to each other, and that this was significant for EDSS versus lung volumes, for most FSS with VC, and also for some FSS with MEP and/or MIP. Duration of disease was significantly correlated with the EDSS, but not with the different FSS scores (with the exception of mental status) and not with lung function. Multiple sclerosis leads to lung function abnormalities attributable to respiratory pump dysfunction.