tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a Web-Based Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Subthreshold Depression: Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Claudia Buntrock, David Ebert, Dirk Lehr, Heleen Riper, Filip Smit, Pim Cuijpers, Matthias Berking
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2015)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Research on the effectiveness of treatments for subthreshold depression (sD) is still scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a web-based guided self-help intervention (GET.ON Mood Enhancer) in the treatment of sD. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Participants with sD (n = 406) recruited from the general population via a large health insurance company were randomly allocated to a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention or to enhanced care-as-usual. The primary outcome was the reduction in depressive symptom severity as measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale at post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Participants in the intervention group showed a significantly greater pre-post reduction in depressive symptom severity (d = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.86-1.27) compared to the control condition (d = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10-0.49). The corresponding between-group effect size was d = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.49-0.89). At 6-month follow-up the effect was reduced to d = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.09-0.48) but was still statistically significant (F&lt;sub&gt;1, 403&lt;/sub&gt; = 9.240, p = 0.003). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This study lends support to the idea that problem solving coupled with behavioural activation is an effective treatment for sD. In addition, the delivery of this intervention over the Internet might be a promising strategy for the dissemination of psychological interventions for sD on a large scale.
Intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction in patients attending for diagnostic gastroscopy
Authors: N J Trudgill, S K Suvarna, K C Kapur, S A Riley
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia is increasing rapidly. Barrett’s oesophagus is the major risk factor. Intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction in the absence of Barrett’s oesophagus is common but its relation to adenocarcinoma and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is unclear. Aims —To study the prevalence and clinical, endoscopic, and histological associations of intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction. Methods —Biopsy specimens were taken from 120 randomly selected patients undergoing routine diagnostic endoscopy. Eight biopsy specimens, taken from above and below the squamocolumnar junction, gastric fundus, and gastric antrum, were stained with haematoxylin/eosin, alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff, and Gimenez, and graded independently by one pathologist. Results —Intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction was found in 21 patients (18%). Metaplasia was associated with increasing age (p&lt;0.01) and antral intestinal metaplasia (p=0.04). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age was the only independent predictor (p&lt;0.01). There was no association with symptomatic, endoscopic, or histological markers of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Conclusions —Intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction is a common finding. It is associated with increasing age but not gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Spontaneous intramural oesophageal dissection.
Authors: G Lamont, S Elliott, D L Morris
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Spontaneous intramural dissection oftheoesphagus isa rare condition. Inthis report wedescribe apatient withthis lesion whowasmanagedsuccessfully without operation. Aswellasdemonstrating thecharacteristic radiographic andendoscopic features, ourcasesuggests that theingestionofsolid unmasticated foodmaybeanimportant aetiological feature that hasnotbeenemphasised inpreviouspublications. Casereport A 70 yearoldedentulous womanpresented asan emergency, complaining ofacuteonsetofsevereand worsening retrosternal pain. Atlunchtime onthat dayshe hadeaten quickly apiece oflamb. Shefelt thefoodstick at thelevel ofhermanubrium andwithin afewminutes developed chest painradiating fromthemanubrium tothe epigastrium. Shethenvomited-initially clear fluid, followedbybright redbloodinincreasing quantities. Swallowing wasnoticed toexacerbate thepain. Finally the offending piece oflambwasvomited. On examination thetrachea wastender tomovement, butthere wasnosurgical emphysema. Chestradiography andauscultation ofthechest showednoabnormality. Abdominal examination also showed nothing abnormal. A barium swallow donetwohours after admission showed a double barrelled appearance (figure). Endoscopy, performed thesameevening, showedamucosal tearposteriorly 15cm fromthealveolar margin, andfromthis lesion there wasabluish column that extended downtothe oesophagogastric junction andlooked rather like asingle longoesophageal varix. Administration ofintravenous fluids andparenteral broadspectrum antibiotics wasstarted andthepatient was allowednothing by mouth.After48 hoursthe odynophagia hassubsided andatseven days, after arepeat barium swallow, oral fluids werecommenced, followed by return toanormal diet. Thepatient left hospital after 10 days andatreview onemonthlater wassymptom free, with nodysphagia orodynophagia.
Occurrence of a tetrodotoxin-sensitive calcium current in rat ventricular myocytes after long-term myocardial infarction
Authors: J ALVAREZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

To determine the characteristics of a TTX-sensitive Ca(2+) current that occurred only following remodelling after myocardial infarction in Wistar rat.Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we studied ionic inward current in myocytes isolated from four different ventricular regions of control Wistar rat hearts, or from hearts 4 to 6 months after ligation of the left coronary artery. Inward current characteristics were also analysed in Xenopus laevis oocytes that heterologously expressed the human sodium channel alpha-subunit Nav1.5. The effects of oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide or tert-butyl-hydroxyperoxide as well as those of PKA-dependent phosphorylation, which partly mimic the pathological conditions, were investigated on control cardiomyocytes and Nav1.5-expressing oocytes.In Na-free solution, a low-threshold, tetrodotoxin-sensitive inward current was found in 20 out of 78 cells isolated from 16 post-myocardial infarcted (PMI) cardiomyocytes but not in cardiomyocytes from young and sham rat hearts. This current exhibited kinetics and pharmacological properties similar to the I(Ca(TTX)) current previously reported. I(Ca(TTX))-like current was critically dependent on extracellular Na(+) and was reduced by micromolar Na(+) concentrations. Neither in normal rat cardiomyocytes nor in Nav1.5-expressing oocytes could a I(Ca(TTX))-like current be elicited in Na(+)-free extracellular solution, even after oxidative stress or PKA-dependent phosphorylation.Our data suggest that I(Ca(TTX))-like current in PMI myocytes does not arise from classical Na(+) channels modified by oxidative stress or PKA phosphorylation and most probably represents a different Na(+) channel type re-expressed in some cells after remodelling.
Myeloid lineage–restricted somatic mosaicism of NLRP3 mutations in patients with variant Schnitzler syndrome
Authors: Heleen D. de Koning, Mariëlle E. van Gijn, Monique Stoffels, Johanna Jongekrijg, Patrick L.J.M. Zeeuwen, Martin G. Elferink, Isaac J. Nijman, Patrick A.M. Jansen, Kornelia Neveling, Jos W.M. van der Meer, Joost Schalkwijk, Anna Simon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA
Authors: Catherine Alix-Panabières, Heidi Schwarzenbach, Klaus Pantel
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2011)

Solid tumors derived from epithelial tissues (carcinomas) are responsible for 90% of all new cancers in Europe, and the main four tumor entities are breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancer. Present tumor staging is mainly based on local tumor extension, metastatic lymph node involvement, and evidence of overt distant metastasis obtained by imaging technologies. However, these staging procedures are not sensitive enough to detect early tumor cell dissemination as a key event in tumor progression. Many teams have therefore focused on the development of sensitive assays that allow the specific detection of single tumor cells or small amounts of cell-free tumor DNA in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. These methods allow the detection and characterization of early metastatic spread and will provide unique insights into the biology of metastatic progression of human tumors, including the effects of therapeutic interventions.
Activation of D <sub>3</sub> Dopamine Receptor Decreases Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Expression in Rat Renal Proximal Tubule Cells
Authors: Chunyu Zeng, Yan Liu, Zheng Wang, Duofen He, Lan Huang, Peiying Yu, Shaopeng Zheng, John E. Jones, Laureano D. Asico, Ulrich Hopfer, Gilbert M. Eisner, Robin A. Felder, Pedro A. Jose
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

The dopaminergic and renin angiotensin systems interact to regulate blood pressure. Disruption of the D(3) dopamine receptor gene in mice produces renin-dependent hypertension. In rats, D(2)-like receptors reduce angiotensin II binding sites in renal proximal tubules (RPTs). Because the major D(2)-like receptor in RPTs is the D(3) receptor, we examined whether D(3) receptors regulate angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptors in rat RPT cells. The effect of D(3) receptors on AT(1) receptors was studied in vitro and in vivo. The D(3) receptor agonist PD128907 decreased AT(1) receptor protein and mRNA in WKY RPT cells and increased it in SHR cells. PD128907 increased D(3) receptors in WKY cells but had no effect in SHR cells. D(3)/AT(1) receptors colocalized in RPT cells; D(3) receptor stimulation decreased the percent amount of D(3) receptors that coimmunoprecipitated with AT(1) receptors to a greater extent in WKY than in SHR cells. However, D(3) receptor stimulation did not change the percent amount of AT(1) receptors that coimmunoprecipitated with D(3) receptors in WKY cells and markedly decreased the coimmunoprecipitation in SHR cells. The D(3) receptor also regulated the AT(1) receptor in vivo because AT(1) receptor expression was increased in kidneys of D(3) receptor-null mice compared with wild type littermates. D(3) receptors may regulate AT(1) receptor function by direct interaction with and regulation of AT(1) receptor expression. One mechanism of hypertension may be related to increased renal expression of AT(1) receptors due decreased D(3) receptor regulation.
Cyclin A Immunocytology as a Risk Stratification Tool for Barrett's Esophagus Surveillance
Authors: Pierre Lao-Sirieix, Laurence Lovat, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's esophagus (BE) by histopathologic biopsy assessment is suboptimal. A proliferation marker, minichromosome maintenance protein 2, has potential as a biomarker but lacks specificity. We hypothesized that cyclin A, which detects a proportion of proliferating cells, would be more specific. Because cytologic sampling has clinical advantages, we also evaluated the efficacy of cyclin A in endoscopic brushing samples.A cross-sectional cyclin A immunostaining study was done in 77 patients attending for BE surveillance and 17 patients undergoing evaluation of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The control tissues were as follows: 30 squamous esophagus, 20 gastric antrum, and 13 duodenum. A nested case-control study was done within the same surveillance cohort (16 progressors compared with 32 matched controls) to determine the relative risk for progression. Immunocytology was done for endoscopic brushings collected prospectively from 75 BE +/- dysplasia and 33 esophageal adenocarcinomas.Surface expression of cyclin A in BE samples correlated with the degree of dysplasia (P = 0.016). In the case-control cohort, patients with biopsies expressing cyclin A at the surface were more likely to progress to adenocarcinoma than those who did not (odds ratio, 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-30.7). The sensitivity and specificity of cyclin A expression in brushings for the detection of high-grade dysplasia and cancer patients were 97.8% and 58.7%, respectively. The associated negative predictive value was 97.4%.Cyclin A immunopositivity correlates with cancer risk. Application of this marker to endoscopic brushings could be used as a first step to identify BE patients with the highest risk of progression.
Psoriasis treatment: traditional therapy
Authors: M Lebwohl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Even before the recent development of biological agents, a long list of effective treatments has been available for patients with psoriasis. Topical therapies such as corticosteroids, vitamin D analogues, and retinoids are used for localised disease. Phototherapy including broadband ultraviolet B (UVB), narrowband UVB, PUVA, and climatotherapy are effective for more extensive disease. Systemic therapies such as methotrexate, retinoids, and ciclosporin are effective for patients with refractory or extensive cutaneous disease.
XAGE-1 Expression in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Antibody Response in Patients
Authors: Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Yuji Noguchi, Akiko Uenaka, Shuichiro Sato, Hideo Okumura, Motoyuki Tanaka, Michihide Shimono, Ali Mohamed Ali Eldib, Toshiro Ono, Nobuya Ohara, Tadashi Yoshino, Kazuki Yamashita, Tsukasa Tsunoda, Motoi Aoe, Nobuyoshi Shimizu, Eiichi Nakayama
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: XAGE-1 was originally identified by the search for PAGE/GAGE-related genes using expressed sequence tag database and was shown to exhibit characteristics of cancer/testis-like antigens. Four transcript variants XAGE-1a, XAGE-1b, XAGE-1c, and XAGE-1d have been identified thus far. We recently identified XAGE-1b as a dominant antigen recognized by sera from lung adenocarcinoma patients. We here investigated the mRNA expression of four XAGE-1 variants and XAGE-1 protein expression in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Humoral immune response to XAGE-1b was also evaluated in patients. Experimental Design: Forty-nine NSCLC specimens were analyzed for the expression of four XAGE-1 transcript variants by conventional 30-cycle and real-time reverse transcription-PCR and XAGE-1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Sera from 74 patients were analyzed for XAGE-1b antibody production by ELISA and Western blot. Results: XAGE-1b and XAGE-1d mRNA were detected in 15 and 6 of 49 lung cancer specimens, respectively. No XAGE-1a or XAGE-1c mRNA expression was observed. XAGE-1b mRNA expression was observed in 14 of 31 (45%) adenocarcinoma and 1 of 18 (6%) lung cancer with other histologic types. Immunohistochemical analysis using a XAGE-1 monoclonal antibody showed that 14 of 15 XAGE-1b mRNA-positive and 3 of 34 XAGE-1b mRNA-negative specimens expressed XAGE-1 protein. Seropositivity was observed in 5 of 56 patients with adenocarcinoma, whereas none of 18 patients with other histologic types produced XAGE-1b antibody. Conclusion: XAGE-1b is highly and strongly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and immunogenic in patients, suggesting that XAGE-1b is a promising antigen for immunotherapy against lung adenocarcinoma.
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: The Hazards of Success
Authors: Joseph M. Connors
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.07.001 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12900526 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: The Hazards of Success Joseph M. ConnorsxJoseph M. ConnorsSearch for articles by this author Show More Chairman, Lymphoma Tumor Group, Clinical Professor, Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia and the British Columbia, Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.07.001 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Jundi-Shapur, bimaristans, and the rise of academic medical centres
Authors: A. C. Miller
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

IMPORTANCEThe academic medical centre plays a critical role in modern society and serves as the heart of our profession.Its origins have been inaccurately described by many western medical history texts as occurring in Europe during the middle ages or early renaissance period.It is important for us to know how our profession evolved from the shamanistic practices of yore to the powerful evidence-based medicine industry of today.This article explores how ancient near-and middle-easterners combined the medical traditions of Persians, Greeks, Indians, Zoroastrians, Jews and Nestorians into an innovative product that would give rise to academic medical centres, medical records, physician licensure, and numerous other medical and scientific advances.Furthermore, the route by which Europe inherited this knowledge is explored.As a profession that seeks truth and knowledge in the world, we must acknowledge the influence of non-westerners in the development of modern academic medicine.
Chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer
Authors: K. Østerlind
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Chemotherapy is the backbone in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and radiotherapy is an important adjunct in limited stage disease. The role of chest irradiation is now documented in three meta-analysis, based on the same body of data. Trials on timing, scheduling and fractionation could have followed a more stringent development line but altogether, the highest efficacy seems to be obtained with early, concurrent twice-daily chest irradiation. Patients in complete remission should have prophylactic cranial irradiation, which reduces the risk of brain metastases and of death from SCLC. Four series of chemotherapy seem to be sufficient in limited-stage disease while six is recommended in extensive disease. The combination of etoposide plus cis- or carboplatin is appropriate in both stages and addition of other agents has no clinically important impact on the survival. Use of haematological growth factors such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may enable higher doses or more frequent dosage. Three randomized trials on GM-CSF showed a negative outcome while G-CSF support may result in better survival rates, but a more cost-efficient policy must be found. High-dose chemotherapy plus haematological stem-cell support is still under investigation but disappointing long-term survival rates means there is not much optimism for this strategy. New strategies in general are requested in the treatment of extensive-stage disease and of elderly patients. Phase II trials suggest that good-risk patients with extensive disease should be treated aggressively, intermediate-risk patients more gently, and palliation must be the primary aim in the treatment of poor-risk patients. In elderly patients impressive survival rates are obtained with 3-4 series of chemotherapy and radiation delivered in 5-10 fractions. A number of new agents are active but more trials are required before each has found a place, if any, in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. To conclude, the randomized trial is still an important instrument in clinical oncology, and trials in small cell lung cancer must be large, which is why the cooperation of organizations and multicentres is urgent.
Identification of the prokaryotic ligand-gated ion channels and their implications for the mechanisms and origins of animal Cys-loop ion channels.
Authors: Asba Tasneem, Lakshminarayan M Iyer, Eric Jakobsson, L Aravind
Journal: Genome biology (2004)

Abstract Background Acetylcholine receptor type ligand-gated ion channels (ART-LGIC; also known as Cys-loop receptors) are a superfamily of proteins that include the receptors for major neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, serotonin, glycine, GABA, glutamate and histamine, and for Zn 2+ ions. They play a central role in fast synaptic signaling in animal nervous systems and so far have not been found outside of the Metazoa. Results Using sensitive sequence-profile searches we have identified homologs of ART-LGICs in several bacteria and a single archaeal genus, Methanosarcina . The homology between the animal receptors and the prokaryotic homologs spans the entire length of the former, including both the ligand-binding and channel-forming transmembrane domains. A sequence-structure analysis using the structure of Lymnaea stagnalis acetylcholine-binding protein and the newly detected prokaryotic versions indicates the presence of at least one aromatic residue in the ligand-binding boxes of almost all representatives of the superfamily. Investigation of the domain architectures of the bacterial forms shows that they may often show fusions with other small-molecule-binding domains, such as the periplasmic binding protein superfamily I (PBP-I), Cache and MCP-N domains. Some of the bacterial forms also occur in predicted operons with the genes of the PBP-II superfamily and the Cache domains. Analysis of phyletic patterns suggests that the ART-LGICs are currently absent in all other eukaryotic lineages except animals. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis and conserved sequence motifs also suggest that a subset of the bacterial forms is closer to the metazoan forms. Conclusions From the information from the bacterial forms we infer that cation-pi or hydrophobic interactions with the ligand are likely to be a pervasive feature of the entire superfamily, even though the individual residues involved in the process may vary. The conservation pattern in the channel-forming transmembrane domains also suggests similar channel-gating mechanisms in the prokaryotic versions. From the distribution of charged residues in the prokaryotic M2 transmembrane segments, we expect that there will be examples of both cation and anion selectivity within the prokaryotic members. Contextual connections suggest that the prokaryotic forms may function as chemotactic receptors for low molecular weight solutes. The phyletic patterns and phylogenetic relationships suggest the possibility that the metazoan receptors emerged through an early lateral transfer from a prokaryotic source, before the divergence of extant metazoan lineages.