tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response to: ‘Obesity and comorbidity are independently associated with a failure to achieve remission in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis’ by Ellerby<i>et al</i>
Authors: Maria E C Sandberg, Camilla Bengtsson, Henrik Källberg, Annmarie Wesley, Lars Klareskog, Lars Alfredsson, Saedis Saevarsdottir
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Response to: 'Obesity and comorbidity are independently associated with a failure to achieve remission in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis' by Ellerby et alWe thank Ellerby et al 1 for their interest in our manuscript addressing the effect of obesity on the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and for sharing their own data.We are happy to see Ellerby and colleagues' findings in the later phase of RA to be in accordance with our own findings in early RA, 2 and to confirm findings by Ajeganova et al 3 who have shown a similar effect of obesity in patients with longstanding RA.We are, as Ellerby and colleagues are, also very interested in the underlying biological mechanism for these findings.Further, we look forward to upcoming initiatives to clinically study whether this link between obesity and decreased chance of good response and remission can be countered by a voluntary weight decrease during the disease course.
Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010
Authors: C. Hooper, Y. C. G. Lee, N. Maskell
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Pleural effusions are a common medical problem with more than 50 recognised causes including disease local to the pleura or underlying lung, systemic conditions, organ dysfunction and drugs.1

Pleural effusions occur as a result of increased fluid formation and/or reduced fluid resorption. The precise pathophysiology of fluid accumulation varies according to underlying aetiologies. As the differential diagnosis for a unilateral pleural effusion is wide, a systematic approach to investigation is necessary. The aim is to establish a diagnosis swiftly while minimising unnecessary invasive investigations and facilitating treatment, avoiding the need for repeated therapeutic aspirations when possible.

Since the 2003 guideline, several clinically relevant studies have been published, allowing new recommendations regarding image guidance of pleural procedures with clear benefits to patient comfort and safety, optimum pleural fluid sampling and processing and the particular value of thoracoscopic pleural biopsies. This guideline also includes a review of recent evidence for the use of new biomarkers including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), mesothelin and surrogate markers of tuberculous pleuritis.

The history and physical examination of a patient with a pleural effusion may guide the clinician as to whether the effusion is a transudate or an exudate. This critical distinction narrows the differential diagnosis and directs further investigation.

Clinical assessment alone is often capable of identifying transudative effusions. Therefore, in an appropriate clinical setting such as left ventricular failure with a confirmatory chest x-ray, such effusions do not need to be sampled unless there are atypical features or they fail to respond to treatment.

Approximately 75% of patients with pulmonary embolism and …
Comparing normal saline versus diluted heparin to lock non-valved totally implantable venous access devices in cancer patients: a randomised, non-inferiority, open trial
Authors: G.A. Goossens, M. Jérôme, C. Janssens, W.E. Peetermans, S. Fieuws, P. Moons, J. Verschakelen, K. Peerlinck, M. Jacquemin, M. Stas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Increased sphincter of Oddi basal pressure in patients affected by gall stone disease: a role for biliary stasis and colicky pain?
Authors: M Cicala
Journal: Gut (2001)

Even if the motor activity of the gall bladder and sphincter of Oddi (SO) are integrated, it is not known if the presence of stones in the gall bladder affects SO function. The aim of the study was to compare SO motor activity in patients with and without gall stones.In a series of 155 patients consecutively submitted to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and SO manometry for suspected biliary or pancreatic disease, 23 gall stone patients had recurrent episodes of biliary or pancreatic pain (colicky group); 52 patients had non-biliary/pancreatic-type abdominal pain/discomfort, and of these, 15 had gall stones (non-colicky group), 25 were free of stones (controls), and 12 had undergone cholecystectomy.SO basal pressure in gall stone patients in the colicky or non-colicky group was significantly higher than in controls (p<0.001). SO basal pressure recorded in postcholecystectomy patients did not differ from controls. SO phasic activity did not differ between the patient groups. SO dysfunction was detected in more than 40% of gall stone patients irrespective of associated biliary/pancreatic pain but in none of the control subjects (p<0.001).Gall stones are frequently associated with increased SO tone which may obstruct bile flow thus acting to facilitate gall bladder stasis, and may play a role as a cofactor in biliary/pancreatic pain.
Hereditary tumour syndromes featuring basal cell carcinomas
Authors: L.J.M.T. Parren, J. Frank
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Hereditary tumour syndromes featuring basal cell carcinomas Get access L.J.M.T. Parren, L.J.M.T. Parren Department of Dermatology and GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Frank J. Frank Department of Dermatology and GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands Jorge Frank. E‐mail: j.frank@mumc.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 165, Issue 1, 1 July 2011, Pages 30–34, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10334.x Published: 01 July 2011
P2Y13 receptor is critical for reverse cholesterol transport
Authors: Aurélie C. Fabre, Camille Malaval, Abduelhakem Ben Addi, Céline Verdier, Véronique Pons, Nizar Serhan, Laeticia Lichtenstein, Guillaume Combes, Thierry Huby, François Briand, Xavier Collet, Niels Nijstad, Uwe J.F. Tietge, Bernard Robaye, Bertrand Perret, Jean-Marie Boeynaems, Laurent O. Martinez
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

A major atheroprotective functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) is to promote “reverse cholesterol transport” (RCT). In this process, HDLs mediate the efflux and transport of cholesterol from peripheral cells and its subsequent transport to the liver for further metabolism and biliary excretion. We have previously demonstrated in cultured hepatocytes that P2Y13 (purinergic receptor P2Y, G protein–coupled, 13) activation is essential for HDL uptake but the potential of P2Y13 as a target to promote RCT has not been documented. Here, we show that P2Y13-deficient mice exhibited a decrease in hepatic HDL cholesterol uptake, hepatic cholesterol content, and biliary cholesterol output, although their plasma HDL and other lipid levels were normal. These changes translated into a substantial decrease in the rate of macrophage-to-feces RCT. Therefore, hallmark features of RCT are impaired in P2Y13-deficient mice. Furthermore, cangrelor, a partial agonist of P2Y13, stimulated hepatic HDL uptake and biliary lipid secretions in normal mice and in mice with a targeted deletion of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in liver (hypomSR-BI–knockoutliver) but had no effect in P2Y13 knockout mice, which indicate that P2Y13-mediated HDL uptake pathway is independent of SR-BI–mediated HDL selective cholesteryl ester uptake. Conclusion: These results establish P2Y13 as an attractive novel target for modulating RCT and support the emerging view that steady-state plasma HDL levels do not necessarily reflect the capacity of HDL to promote RCT. (Hepatology 2010)
Oxidative stress induces anti-hepatitis C virus status via the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase
Authors: Masahiko Yano, Masanori Ikeda, Ken-ichi Abe, Yoshinari Kawai, Misao Kuroki, Kyoko Mori, Hiromichi Dansako, Yasuo Ariumi, Shougo Ohkoshi, Yutaka Aoyagi, Nobuyuki Kato
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Recently, we reported that β-carotene, vitamin D 2 , and linoleic acid inhibited hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication in hepatoma cells. Interestingly, in the course of the study, we found that the antioxidant vitamin E negated the anti-HCV activities of these nutrients. These results suggest that the oxidative stress caused by the three nutrients is involved in their anti-HCV activities. However, the molecular mechanism by which oxidative stress induces anti-HCV status remains unknown. Oxidative stress is also known to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Therefore, we hypothesized that oxidative stress induces anti-HCV status via the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK)–ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In this study, we found that the MEK1/2-specific inhibitor U0126 abolished the anti-HCV activities of the three nutrients in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, U0126 significantly attenuated the anti-HCV activities of polyunsaturated fatty acids, interferon-γ, and cyclosporine A, but not statins. We further demonstrated that, with the exception of the statins, all of these anti-HCV nutrients and reagents actually induced activation of the MEK–ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which was inhibited or reduced by treatment not only with U0126 but also with vitamin E. We also demonstrated that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by cyclosporine A was attenuated with N -acetylcysteine treatment and led to the negation of inhibition of HCV RNA replication. We propose that a cellular process that follows ERK1/2 phosphorylation and is specific to oxidative stimulation might lead to down-regulation of HCV RNA replication. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the involvement of the MEK–ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the anti-HCV status induced by oxidative stress in a broad range of anti-HCV reagents. This intracellular modulation is expected to be a therapeutic target for the suppression of HCV RNA replication. (Hepatology 2009.)
High-Dose Novel Ebola Vaccine Immunogenic and Safe
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Validity of a decision tree for predicting active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Authors: A El-Solh, J Mylotte, S Sherif, J Serghani, B J Grant
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The recent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis in health care facilities has increased concern over its transmission in health care facilities. Isolation has been recommended for all patients suspected to have tuberculosis even though the feasibility and the cost of this recommendation can be substantial. We have developed a classification tree using clinical and radiographic data from 277 isolation episodes in patients admitted between August 1992 and March 1994 who required isolation for suspicion of tuberculosis. The classification tree was developed with a sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100% by binary recursive partitioning to predict those patients who are unlikely to require isolation. The predictor variables were upper zone disease on chest radiograph, a history of fever, weight loss, and CD4 count. The tree was validated in a separate cohort of 286 isolation episodes between April 1994 and December 1995. In this validation cohort, no erroneous prediction was made of not isolating a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The classification tree had a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 92.5 to 100%), a specificity of 48.1% (95% CI: 43.8 to 52.4%), and a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 98.5 to 100%). We estimate that the use of the tree could have reduced the number of patients requiring isolation by more than 40% without increasing the risk of cross infection.
Enhanced myocyte contractility and Ca2+ handling in a calcineurin transgenic model of heart failure
Authors: G Chu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Impaired myocyte Ca2+ handling is a common characteristic of failing hearts and increases in calcineurin activity, a Ca2+-sensitive phosphatase, have been implicated in heart failure phenotype. Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of an active form of calcineurin display depressed function, hypertrophy and heart failure. We examined whether defects in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling properties contribute to the impaired cardiac function in calcineurin transgenic mice. Methods: The levels of SR Ca2+ handling proteins, SR Ca2+ transport function and cardiomyocyte mechanics, as well as Ca2+ kinetics were examined in mice overexpressing a constitutively active form of calcineurin. Results: Transgenic expression of activated calcineurin catalytic subunit resulted in significant protein increases (66%) in SERCA2 and decreases (35%) in phospholamban, as well as enhanced (∼80%) phospholamban phosphorylation. These alterations in the SR Ca2+-transport proteins resulted in increased Vmax and Ca2+-affinity of SERCA2. The myofibrillar Mg-ATPase activity was also significantly increased at pCa>6.0. The enhanced SR Ca2+ handling and Mg-ATPase activity reflected significant elevation in myocyte contractile parameters (3-fold), Ca2+ transient amplitude (1.5-fold) and the rate of Ca2+ signal decay (2-fold). In contrast, in vivo cardiac function assessed by echocardiography, indicated severely depressed contractility in calcineurin hearts. The apparent disparity in contractile properties between the cellular and multicellular preparations may be partially due to tissue remodeling, including interstitial fibrosis and a marked reduction (45%), dephosphorylation (81%) and redistribution of the gap junctional protein connexin-43, which could compromise intercellular communication. Conclusion: Despite enhanced SR Ca2+ handling and contractility in myocytes, pathological remodeling and defects in intercellular coupling may underlie contractile dysfunction of the calcineurin hearts.
Impaired Endothelial Function in Preadolescent Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ghufran S. Babar, Hanaa Zidan, Michael E. Widlansky, Emon Das, Raymond G. Hoffmann, Marwan Daoud, Ramin Alemzadeh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

We evaluated the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction as measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) in relationship to vascular inflammatory biomarkers in preadolescent children with type 1 diabetes.We studied 21 type 1 diabetic children (aged 8.3 ± 0.3 years with diabetes duration of 4.3 ± 0.4 years) and 15 group-matched healthy siblings (aged 7.6 ± 0.3 years). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, HbA(1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, homocysteine, and erythrocyte (red blood cell [RBC]) folate were evaluated in all subjects. Each subject underwent c-IMT and brachial artery FMD percentage (FMD%) measurements using high-resolution vascular ultrasound.Type 1 diabetic children had higher FPG (173.4 ± 7.9 mg/dL vs. 81.40 ± 1.7 mg/dL; P < 0.0001), HbA(1c) (8.0 ± 0.2% vs. 5.0 ± 0.1%; P < 0.0001), and hs-CRP (1.8 ± 0.3 vs. 0.70 ± 0.2; P = 0.017) than control children without significant differences in BMI, homocysteine, and fibrinogen levels; RBC folate content; and c-IMT between the groups. Children with type 1 diabetes had lower FMD% than control children (7.1 ± 0.8% vs. 9.8 ± 1.1%; P = 0.04), whereas c-IMT did not differ between groups.Preadolescent children with type 1 diabetes and mean diabetes duration of 4 years displayed evidence of low-intensity vascular inflammation and attenuated FMD measurements. These data suggest that endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation, known harbingers of future cardiovascular risk, are present even in preadolescent children.
Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase 9 Is Required for the Biogenesis of Oxidative Phosphorylation Complex I
Authors: Jessica Nouws, Leo Nijtmans, Sander M. Houten, Mariël van den Brand, Martijn Huynen, Hanka Venselaar, Saskia Hoefs, Jolein Gloerich, Jonathan Kronick, Timothy Hutchin, Peter Willems, Richard Rodenburg, Ronald Wanders, Lambert van den Heuvel, Jan Smeitink, Rutger O. Vogel
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Insulin Resistance in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Disease‐Related Indicators and Associations With the Presence and Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Jon T. Giles, Stamatina Danielides, Moyses Szklo, Wendy S. Post, Roger S. Blumenthal, Michelle Petri, Pamela J. Schreiner, Matthew Budoff, Robert Detrano, Joan M. Bathon
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective Systemic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) are linked, yet the determinants of IR and its impact on atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of IR in RA and non‐RA populations and investigate whether the associations of IR with measures of atherosclerosis differ between these groups. Methods IR was quantified using the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA‐IR), and was compared between RA patients and demographically matched non‐RA controls. Differences in the associations between the HOMA‐IR index and the Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, ultrasound‐determined intima‐media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), and focal plaque in the ICA/carotid bulb were compared according to RA status. Results Among the 195 RA patients and 198 controls studied, average HOMA‐IR levels were higher in the RA group by 31%, and were consistently higher in the RA group regardless of stratification by demographic or cardiometabolic risk factors. While the HOMA‐IR index was strongly and significantly associated with C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in the control group, the association was weaker in the RA group. Among RA patients, higher HOMA‐IR levels were associated with rheumatoid factor (RF) seropositivity in men and women, and prednisone use in women only. Before adjustment, higher HOMA‐IR levels were associated with all assessed measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in the control group only; associations were diminished and lost statistical significance after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Among the RA patients, neither baseline nor average HOMA‐IR levels were significantly associated with change in any of the atherosclerosis measures over an average of 3.2 years of followup. Conclusion Although IR was higher in RA patients than in non‐RA controls, higher levels may not independently impart additional risk of atherosclerosis.
Influence of Blood Pressure on Retinal Vascular Caliber in Young Children
Authors: Ling-Jun Li, Carol Yim-Lui Cheung, Yang Liu, Audrey Chia, Prabakaran Selvaraj, Xiao-Yu Lin, Yam-Meng Chan, Rohit Varma, Paul Mitchell, Tien-Yin Wong, Seang-Mei Saw
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Treatment of bile acid amidation defects with glycocholic acid
Authors: James E. Heubi, Kenneth D.R. Setchell, Pinky Jha, Donna Buckley, Wujuan Zhang, Philip Rosenthal, Carol Potter, Simon Horslen, David Suskind
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Bile acid amidation defects were predicted to present with fat/fat soluble vitamin malabsorption with minimal cholestasis. We identified and treated five patients (one male, four females) from four families with defective bile acid amidation due to a genetically confirmed deficiency in bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyl transferase (BAAT) with the conjugated bile acid, glycocholic acid (GCA). Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry analysis of urine and bile at baseline revealed predominantly unconjugated cholic acid and absence of the usual glycine and taurine conjugated primary bile acids. Treatment with 15 mg/kg GCA resulted in total duodenal bile acid concentrations of 23.3 ± 19.1 mmol/L (mean ± SD) and 63.5 ± 4.0% of the bile acids were secreted in bile in the conjugated form, of which GCA represented 59.6 ± 9.3% of the total biliary bile acids. Unconjugated cholic acid continued to be present in high concentrations in bile because of partial intestinal deconjugation of orally administered GCA. Serum total bile acid concentrations did not significantly differ between pretreatment and posttreatment samples and serum contained predominantly unconjugated cholic acid. These findings confirmed efficient intestinal absorption, hepatic extraction, and biliary secretion of the administered GCA. Oral tolerance tests for vitamin D2 (1,000 IU vitamin D2/kg) and tocopherol (100 IU/kg tocopherol acetate) demonstrated improvement in fat-soluble vitamin absorption after GCA treatment. Growth improved in 3/3 growth-delayed prepubertal patients.Oral glycocholic acid therapy is safe and effective in improving growth and fat-soluble vitamin absorption in children and adolescents with inborn errors of bile acid metabolism due to amidation defects.