tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological treatment of psoriatic arthritis: a systematic literature research for the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Andreas Kerschbaumer, Josef S Smolen, Maxime Dougados, Maarten de Wit, Jette Primdahl, Iain McInnes, Désirée van der Heijde, Xenofon Baraliakos, Louise Falzon, Laure Gossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Objective To perform an update of a review of the efficacy and safety of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods This is a systematic literature research of 2015–2018 publications on all DMARDs in patients with PsA, searching Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Efficacy was assessed in randomised controlled trials. For safety, cohort studies, case–control studies and long-term extensions (LTEs) were analysed. Results 56 publications (efficacy: n=33; safety n=23) were analysed. The articles were on tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (n=6; golimumab, etanercept and biosimilars), interleukin (IL)-17A inhibitors (n=10; ixekizumab, secukinumab), IL-23-p19 inhibitors (n=2; guselkumab, risankizumab), clazakizumab (IL-6 inhibitor), abatacept (CD80/86 inhibitor) and ABT-122 (anti-TNF/IL-17A), respectively. One study compared ustekinumab (IL-12/23i) with TNF inhibitor therapy in patients with entheseal disease. Three articles investigated DMARD tapering. Trials on targeted synthetic DMARDs investigated apremilast (phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor) and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi; tofacitinib, filgotinib). Biosimilar comparison with bio-originator showed non-inferiority. Safety was evaluated in 13 LTEs, 9 cohort studies and 1 case–control study investigating malignancies, infections, infusion reactions, multiple sclerosis and major cardiovascular events, as well as efficacy and safety of vaccination. No new safety signals were identified; however, warnings on the risk of venous thromboembolic events including pulmonary embolism when using JAKi were issued by regulators based on other studies. Conclusion Many drugs in PsA are available and have demonstrated efficacy against placebo. Efficacy varies across PsA manifestations. Safety must also be taken into account. This review informed the development of the European League Against Rheumatism 2019 updated PsA management recommendations.
Note
Authors: W. S Foulds, A. C Maccuish
Journal: BMJ (1995)

skills are maximised through experience and that cost efficiency is increased.The cost of identifying each true case of retinopathy needing treatment has been shown to fall as throughput increases.3Patients are recalled to the screening clinics through use of a computerised appointment system and a centralised register.Diabetes care requires several health care processes, as well as screening of the eyes, to be performed regularly in a large number of people.The Clinical Standards Advisory Group has recommended that, for this to be organised efficiently and completely, health districts should develop and maintain registers of all people with diabetes in the locality to span the boundaries of the provision of primary and secondary care.4
Determining the Feasibility of Spinal Cord Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Chronic Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Douglas P. Zipes, Petr Neuzil, Heinz Theres, David Caraway, Douglas L. Mann, Clas Mannheimer, Peter Van Buren, Cecilia Linde, Bengt Linderoth, Fred Kueffer, Scott A. Sarazin, Michael J.L. DeJongste
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)
Liver impaction technique to prevent shearing of the guidewire during endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Daisuke Masuda, Toshihisa Takeuchi, Shinya Fukunishi, Kazuhide Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

During endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HG) [1] [2], the intrahepatic bile duct is small in diameter (usually 2 – 5 mm), with various angles or curves between it and the common bile duct. If the guidewire is advanced into a peripheral bile duct ([Fig. 1]), the guidewire must be retracted and advanced again. However, shearing of the guidewire may occur when it is pulled into the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) needle ([Fig. 2]). If this adverse event arises, we use the "liver impaction technique." First, the guidewire is pushed adequately into the peripheral bile duct, and the FNA needle is pulled back into the hepatic parenchyma ([Fig. 3]). Because the tip of the FNA needle is then within the hepatic parenchyma, shearing becomes less likely ([Fig. 4]).
Republicans across US take aim at Planned Parenthood
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The growing furor over undercover videos that purported to show employees of Planned Parenthood clinics in the United States trading in fetal tissue from abortions is threatening a shutdown of the federal government. The government may be unable to pay some workers this fall if conservative Republican legislators in Washington, DC, carry out their threat to reject any federal spending bill that continues funding the organization.

Meanwhile, legislators and governors in Republican dominated states have launched a slew of investigations and bills targeting the women’s health organization.

President Barack Obama has promised to veto any spending bill that removes Planned Parenthood’s $500m (£325m; €445m) in federal funding. The Republican leadership in Congress has declared its intention to defund the organization but is seeking to avoid a politically damaging showdown over the upcoming budget.

“The goal here is not to shut down the government. The goal is to stop these horrific practices of organizations selling baby parts,” said House speaker John Boehner. But the speaker faces a potential revolt within his own party, as 40 conservative Republicans signed a letter refusing to pass any spending bill that funds Planned Parenthood.

Eight heavily edited …
Comparison of low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide with oral mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of lupus nephritis
Authors: Manish Rathi, Ajay Goyal, Ajay Jaryal, Aman Sharma, Pramod K. Gupta, Raja Ramachandran, Vivek Kumar, Harbir S. Kohli, Vinay Sakhuja, Vivekanand Jha, Krishan L. Gupta
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
A MYC-Driven Change in Mitochondrial Dynamics Limits YAP/TAZ Function in Mammary Epithelial Cells and Breast Cancer
Authors: Björn von Eyss, Laura A. Jaenicke, Roderik M. Kortlever, Nadine Royla, Katrin E. Wiese, Sebastian Letschert, Leigh-Anne McDuffus, Markus Sauer, Andreas Rosenwald, Gerard I. Evan, Stefan Kempa, Martin Eilers
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Managing Hypertension in Patients with CKD
Authors: Glenn M. Chertow, Srinivasan Beddhu, Julia B. Lewis, Robert D. Toto, Alfred K. Cheung
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

In this manuscript, nephrologist-investigators from one of five Clinical Center Networks of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) provide background information and context on the intensity of anti-hypertensive therapy in conjunction with the release of detailed results from SPRINT's primary analysis. The authors highlight published evidence on the safety and efficacy of differing intensities of anti-hypertensive therapy in mild to moderate CKD, where SPRINT will help to inform practice, as well as where gaps in evidence will remain. The authors also challenge the nephrology community to renew its attention and efforts on hypertension clinical care and research.
Impact Of The Achievement Of a Complete Cytogenetic Response (CCyR) On Outcome In Patients (pts) With Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Treated With Hypomethylating Agents (HMA)
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Hagop M Kantarjian, Wei Qiao, Paolo Strati, Navira F Khan, Jorge E. Cortes, Daniela Hoehn, Jianhua Hu, Susan Obrien, Jeffrey Bryan, Hillary Prescott, Courtney D. DiNardo, Naval Daver, Tapan M. Kadia, Guillermo Garcia-Manero
Journal: Blood (2013)
A monocyte and interferon based cell therapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer
Authors: Daniel Green, Chase Johnson, Kathryn Zoon
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Ovarian cancer is the number one cause of death due to gynecological malignancies, and the fifth leading cause of death in cancer in women. While surgical debulking and chemotherapy cause an initial remission in disease, approximately 75% of patients will relapse. The relapse is
Focus: Washington US medicine marches slowly toward UK solution
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Medical systems in the United States and United Kingdom are increasingly mirroring one another–that is, they look alike but in opposite ways. In the UK medicine is a public endeavour that more and more uses private sector schemes. In the US it is a private endeavor that increasingly is being shaped by public policy.

At the top of the US medical agenda this year is Medicare (public insurance for all the elderly) and Medicaid (public insurance for the poorest, especially children). Both programmes are growing much faster than inflation, and Medicare is expected to be broke by 2001.

As a result, patients in both programmes are being pushed strongly toward managed …
Changes in the incidence, prevalence and mortality of bronchiectasis in the UK from 2004 to 2013: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Jennifer K. Quint, Elizabeth R.C. Millett, Miland Joshi, Vidya Navaratnam, Sara L. Thomas, John R. Hurst, Liam Smeeth, Jeremy S. Brown
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

There is a paucity of data on incidence, prevalence and mortality associated with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink for participants registered between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013, we determined incidence, prevalence and mortality associated with bronchiectasis in the UK and investigated changes over time.The incidence and point prevalence of bronchiectasis increased yearly during the study period. Across all age groups, the incidence in women increased from 21.2 per 100 000 person-years in 2004 to 35.2 per 100 000 person-years in 2013 and in men from 18.2 per 100 000 person-years in 2004 to 26.9 per 100 000 person-years in 2013. The point prevalence in women increased from 350.5 per 100 000 in 2004 to 566.1 per 100 000 in 2013 and in men from 301.2 per 100 000 in 2004 to 485.5 per 100 000 in 2013. Comparing morality rates in women and men with bronchiectasis in England and Wales (n=11 862) with mortality rates in the general population from Office of National Statistics data showed that in women the age-adjusted mortality rate for the bronchiectasis population was 1437.7 per 100 000 and for the general population 635.9 per 100 000 (comparative mortality figure of 2.26). In men, the age-adjusted mortality rate for the bronchiectasis population was 1914.6 per 100 000 and for the general population 895.2 per 100 000 (comparative mortality figure of 2.14).Bronchiectasis is surprisingly common and is increasing in incidence and prevalence in the UK, particularly in older age groups. Bronchiectasis is associated with a markedly increased mortality.
Predictive Simulation Based Design and Validation Of Repurposed Novel Therapeutics With Multi-Target Mechanisms For Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Nicole A Doudican, Shireen Vali, Shweta Kapoor, Anay Talawdekar, Zeba Sultana, Aftab Alam, Taher Abbasi, Amitabha Mazumder
Journal: Blood (2013)
140O Results from the large, open-label phase 3b CONSIGN study of regorafenib in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)
Authors: E. Van Cutsem, F. Ciardiello, J.-F. Seitz, R.D. Hofheinz, U. Verma, R. Garcia-Carbonero, A. Grothey, A. Miriyala, J. Kalmus, J. Shapiro, A. Falcone, A. Zaniboni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Clarifying the management of Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: D. P. Mawer, M. H. Wilcox
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Spector and Knight highlight the potential role of faecal transplantation in the management of Clostridium difficile infection.1 We agree that prolonged follow-up data are needed, given the unknown long term adverse consequences, but we wish to clarify come of their statements.

Firstly, Spector and Knight quote a recurrence rate of 25% after initial mild infection but recurrence …
Police Killings and Police Deaths Are Public Health Data and Can Be Counted
Authors: Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, Pamela D. Waterman, Mathew V. Kiang, Justin Feldman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Nancy Krieger and colleagues argue that law-enforcement-related deaths in the United States should be treated as notifiable conditions, which would allow public health departments to report these data in real-time.
Association Between MC-2 Peptide and Hepatic Perfusion and Liver Injury Following Resuscitated Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Paul J. Matheson, Rafael Fernandez-Botran, Jason W. Smith, Samuel A. Matheson, Cynthia D. Downard, Craig J. McClain, Richard N. Garrison
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Hemorrhagic shock (HS) due to trauma remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, despite continuing progression of advanced life support and treatment. Trauma is the third most common cause of death worldwide and is the leading cause of death in the 1- to 44-year-old age group. Hemorrhagic shock often progresses to multiple organ failure despite conventional resuscitation (CR) that restores central hemodynamics. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether MC-2 would bind glycosaminoglycans to decrease proinflammatory cytokines’ influence in the liver, minimize organ edema, prevent liver injury, and improve hepatic perfusion. MC-2, a synthetic octapeptide derived from the heparin-binding domain of murine interferon gamma (IFN-γ), binds glycosaminoglycans to modulate serum and interstitial cytokine levels and activity. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A controlled laboratory study of 3y male Sprague-Dawley rats that were randomized to 4 groups of 8 each: sham, sham+MC-2 (50 mg/kg), HS/CR, or HS/CR+MC-2 (HS = 40% of baseline mean arterial pressure for 60 minutes; CR = return of shed blood and 2 volumes of saline). The study began in March, 2013. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Effective hepatic blood flow (EHBF) by galactose clearance, wet-dry weights, cytokines, histopathology, complete metabolic panel, and complete blood cell count were performed at 4 hours after CR. <h3>Results</h3> MC-2 partially reversed the HS/CR–induced hepatic hypoperfusion at 3 and 4 hours postresuscitation compared with HS/CR alone. Effective hepatic blood flow decreased during the HS period from __mL/min/100g and _mL/min/100g at baseline to __mL/min/100g and __mL/min/100g for the HS/CR and HS/CR+MC-2 groups, respectively (P &lt;.05). Effective hepatic blood flow remained constant in the sham groups throughout the experimental protocol. Organ edema was increased in the ileum and liver in the HS/CR vs sham group, and MC-2 decreased edema in the ileum vs the HS/CR group. MC-2 in HS also decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase, zonula occludens-1, and interleukin-1β compared with HS/CR alone. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> MC-2 was associated with decreased liver injury, enhanced effective hepatic blood flow, decreased cytokines, and prevention of edema formation in the ileum when administered with CR following HS. These data suggest that the MC-2 peptide could be a potential therapeutic approach to target cytokine and chemokine interactions, which might limit multiple organ failure and decrease mortality in hemorrhagic shock.
PacBio Sequencing and its Applications
Authors: Anthony Rhoads, Kin Fai Au
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2015)

Abstract Single-molecule, real-time sequencing developed by Pacific BioSciences offers longer read lengths than the second-generation sequencing (SGS) technologies, making it well-suited for unsolved problems in genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics research. The highly-contiguous de novo assemblies using PacBio sequencing can close gaps in current reference assemblies and characterize structural variation (SV) in personal genomes. With longer reads, we can sequence through extended repetitive regions and detect mutations, many of which are associated with diseases. Moreover, PacBio transcriptome sequencing is advantageous for the identification of gene isoforms and facilitates reliable discoveries of novel genes and novel isoforms of annotated genes, due to its ability to sequence full-length transcripts or fragments with significant lengths. Additionally, PacBio’s sequencing technique provides information that is useful for the direct detection of base modifications, such as methylation. In addition to using PacBio sequencing alone, many hybrid sequencing strategies have been developed to make use of more accurate short reads in conjunction with PacBio long reads. In general, hybrid sequencing strategies are more affordable and scalable especially for small-size laboratories than using PacBio Sequencing alone. The advent of PacBio sequencing has made available much information that could not be obtained via SGS alone.
Fucoidan protects hepatocytes from apoptosis and inhibits invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by up-regulating p42/44 MAPK-dependent NDRG-1/CAP43
Authors: Yuri Cho, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Jeong-ju Yoo, Minjong Lee, Dong Hyeon Lee, Eun Ju Cho, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Su Jong Yu, Yoon Jun Kim, Chung Yong Kim
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Fucoidan is a traditional Chinese medicine suggested to possess anti-tumor effects. In this study the anti-metastatic effects of fucoidan were investigated in vitro in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (Huh-7 and SNU-761) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and in vivo using a distant liver metastasis model involving injection of MH134 cells into spleen via the portal vein. Its ability to protect hepatocytes against bile acid (BA)-induced apoptosis was investigated in primary hepatocytes. Fucoidan was found to suppress the invasion of HCC cells through up-regulation of p42/44 MAPK-dependent NDRG-1/CAP43 and partly, under normoxic conditions, through up-regulation of p42/44 MAPK-dependent VMP-1 expression. It also significantly decreased liver metastasis in vivo. As regards its hepatoprotective effect, fucoidan decreased BA-induced hepatocyte apoptosis as shown by the attenuation of caspase-8, and -7 cleavages and suppression of the mobilization of caspase-8 and Fas associated death domain (FADD) into the death-inducing signaling complex. In summary, fucoidan displays inhibitory effects on proliferation of HCC cells and protective effects on hepatocytes. The results suggest fucoidan is a potent suppressor of tumor invasion with hepatoprotective effects.
P-270 Regorafenib for metastatic colorectal cancer in community setting: a multicenter retrospective analysis in Hong Kong
Authors: K.O. Lam, K.C. Lee, V.H.F. Lee, H.C.K. Sze, J.W.Y. Chiu, R. Leung, T. Yau
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits
Authors: Brendan Bulik-Sullivan, Hilary K Finucane, Verneri Anttila, Alexander Gusev, Felix R Day, Po-Ru Loh, Laramie Duncan, John R B Perry, Nick Patterson, Elise B Robinson, Mark J Daly, Alkes L Price, Benjamin M Neale
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Infections related to Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii ): a 3-year prospective observational study on 50 cases
Authors: L. Lotte, R. Lotte, M. Durand, N. Degand, D. Ambrosetti, J.-F. Michiels, J. Amiel, V. Cattoir, R. Ruimy
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Lineage-Specific and Differentiation-Stage-Specific Gene Expression in Normal and Leukaemic Human Myeloid Cells
Authors: G D Birnie, Jennifer H Burns, Peter Clark, A M Warnock
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

One example of each of two approaches to the isolation of molecular hybridization probes and their use for the comparative investigation of gene expression and its control during differentiation of normal and leukaemic leukocytes is described. RNA preparations from the peripheral blood leukocytes of human leukaemias of various types were assayed for the relative adundance of the mRNA homologous with a cellular oncogene, c-myc. All types of leukaemia except chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) showed varying levels of myc-related RNA; the highest concentrations occurred in cell populations in which blast cells predominated. In contrast, a recombinant plasmid (pCG14), isolated from a cDNA recombinant plasmid library that represented polyadenylated RNAs from the peripheral blood leukocytes of a chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), hybridized with an mRNA whose occurrence is diagnostic of CGL leukocytes. This mRNA was also found in normal bone marrow cells; in both bone marrow and in CGL leukocytes, pCG14-homologous RNA occurs only in cells around the myelocyte stage in differentiation. It is suggested that these probes, and others for mRNAs whose occurrence is specific to a particular cell lineage and/or stage in differentiation, detect a new series of potential diagnostic markers. These might usefully supplement existing ones to provide a more detailed, objective subclassification of the leukaemias which could have important implications for diagnosis and therapy.
Don’t just soldier on—read this
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We recently learnt that health professionals, among others, do work that is the least replaceable by computers and robots (doi:10.1136/bmj.h6250). This is something Jeremy Hunt may be pondering with regret as talks continue on the junior doctors’ and consultant contracts. It may also partly explain why doctors don’t take sick leave when they’re ill.

Data show that doctors are much less likely than other healthcare workers to take time off sick. As Kathy Oxtoby reports, this could be because doctors are less prone to being ill, …
At What Cost?
Authors: Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Consultants spend more time with each patient than in the past
Authors: H. Irvine, P. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Dosage ofangiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorsEDrrOR,-A L Clark and A J S Coats highlight the common problem of suboptimal doses of angio- tensin converting enzyme inhibitors being pre- scribed for patients with impaired left ventricular function.'Their paper, however, contains an important error, and when this is corrected the situation is seen to be even worse than they state.Clark and Coats suggest that the optimum dose of captopril to reduce mortality is 25 mg twice daily.This is not the case.The study they cite in support of this dose did not show a significant reduction in mortality.The dose of captopril most clearly shown to reduce mortality is 50 mg three times daily, and most studies of heart failure show- ing an improvement in symptoms and exercise tolerance with captopril have used doses at least as large as this.23