tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postal surveys in general practice
Authors: N. Summerton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

sources outside the systematic review, such as relevant cohort studies.' Senn's concerns arise from what he calls the principle of "label invariance."We agree that many analyses of data from clinical trials are unaffected by which group is called the treated group and which the control group.The distinction does, however, need to be made in analyses of underlying risk, when this term usually refers to the risk in the placebo, control, standard, or reference treatment group.In a withdrawal trial the "standard treatment" group would comprise those patients receiving the active treatment, because then the question of interest is whether the effect of withdrawing this treatment is the same for patients who are at different levels of risk while they are receiving it.In a trial comparing two active treatments, A and B, the definition of underlying risk would depend on the precise question being addressed, which might be the effect of changing from A to B given the risk associated with A or, alternatively, the effect of changing from B to A given the risk associated with B.
Olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells possess immunoregulatory function and suppress autoimmune arthritis
Authors: Ke Rui, Zhijiang Zhang, Jie Tian, Xiang Lin, Xiaohui Wang, Jie Ma, Xinyi Tang, Huaxi Xu, Liwei Lu, Shengjun Wang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
Abstract 18419: Evolution of a Regional STEMI Reperfusion Model: More and Earlier Reperfusion but No Improvement in Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Christopher B Fordyce, Krishnan Ramanathan, Julie E Park, Richard A Vandegriend, John A Cairns, Michele Perry, Min Gao, Graham C Wong
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Guidelines strongly recommend that regional systems of STEMI care include the assessment and continuous quality improvement of emergency medical services and hospital-based activities. Hypothesis: Within a mixed reperfusion model of STEMI care, the introduction of individual care components will improve reperfusion times and clinical outcomes. Methods: All patients with confirmed STEMI presenting within the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority from June 2007 to September 2013 were included (n = 2041). Primary analysis was performed by care component phase: Phase 1, regionalization of the STEMI program (n = 278, June 2007 to May 2008); Phase 2, introduction of pre-hospital ECGs (n = 979, May 2008 to May 2011); and Phase 3, implementation of an inter-facility transfer protocol for primary PCI (pPCI) (n = 784, May 2011 to September 2013). Secondary analysis compared PCI capable vs. PCI non-capable hospitals. Results: Clinical characteristics were similar across phases. Median first medical contac...
Genetic and Metabolic Signals during Acute Enteric Bacterial Infection Alter the Microbiota and Drive Progression to Chronic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Karishma Kamdar, Samira Khakpour, Jingyu Chen, Vanessa Leone, Jennifer Brulc, Thomas Mangatu, Dionysios A. Antonopoulos, Eugene B. Chang, Stacy A. Kahn, Barbara S. Kirschner, Glenn Young, R. William DePaolo
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2016)
Ki67 tumor expression in breast cancer post-menopausal patients following calcitriol supplementation
Authors: E. C. Lyra, M. H. Katayama, R. A. Basso, P. E. Assis, M. Brentani, E. M. Alves, J. Guidugli Neto, C. Milani, J. S. Goes, M. A. Folgueira
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

14612 Background: Breast cancer patients present lower 1,25(OH)2D3 or 25(OH)D3 serum levels than unaffected women. Although breast cancer cell lines are growth inhibited by to vitamin D supra-physiological concentrations, there is much uncertainty about the anti- proliferative effect of physiological concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, in human beings. Vitamin D supplementation to post-menopausal women may be indicated to reduce bone loss. Methods: We have evaluated tumor dimension, proliferation rate (Ki67 expression), 1,25(OH)2D3 serum concentration, before and after a one month calcitriol supplementation (dose to prevent osteoporosis) to post-menopausal patients. Twenty one patients with clinical stage II disease, signed the informed consent and took part in the study from Jan- Nov 2007. Median age was 56 years (50–66), all tumors were grade 2/3, ER was detected in 11/18 and HER2 in 8/18 tumors; two tumors were triple negative. The first 10 (group-GI) and the next 11 patients (group-GII) received calcitriol 0.25 and 0.50mg/day PO, respectively. Results: One third of the patients presented 25(OH)D3 insufficiency (7–20 ng/mL) and no patients presented 1,25(OH)2D3 serum concentration below the reference level (15.9 pg/mL). No differences in 1,25(OH)2D3 serum concentration (GI: 63.05±20.44 pg/mL vs 56.20±25.16, p=0.16; GII: 69.77±39.02 vs 49.33±21.01, p=0.22, paired t test) and tumor dimension evaluated by ultrasonography (GI: 27.67 ±.9.92 mm vs 26.70±8.15, p=0.57; GII: 30.82±8.21 vs 30.00±11.96, p=0,76) were detected before and after calcitriol supplementation, in both groups. There was a trend towards a reduction in Ki67 expression in GI (10.0±6.6% vs 4.5±4.7, p=0.06, paired t test) and a significant reduction in GII (9.13±1.27% vs 4.59±1.42, p=0.02). Two patients with triple negative tumors had major reductions of Ki67 expression following calcitriol supplementation (6.6–11 to 0.6–2%). Conclusions: In a small group of post-menopausal patients, a short period of calcitriol supplementation may reduce Ki67 expression in breast cancer specimens, suggesting that physiological doses of the active form of vitamin D may have antiproliferative effects in these patients. Supported by FAPESP No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Creating Safe Harbors for Quality Measurement Innovation and Improvement
Authors: Elizabeth A. McGlynn, Eve A. Kerr
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Pathways: AXL, a Membrane Receptor Mediator of Resistance to Therapy
Authors: Maurizio Scaltriti, Moshe Elkabets, José Baselga
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract AXL is a tyrosine kinase membrane receptor that signals via PI3K, MAPK, and protein kinase C (PKC), among other pathways. AXL has oncogenic potential and interacts with other membrane receptors, depending on their relative abundance and availability. The increased expression of AXL in cancer is often the result of pharmacologic selective pressure to a number of chemotherapies and targeted therapies and acts as a mechanism of acquired drug resistance. This resistance phenotype, frequently accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, can be reversed by AXL inhibition. In tumors with high levels of EGFR, including lung, head and neck, and triple-negative breast cancer, AXL dimerizes with this receptor and initiates signaling that circumvents the antitumor effects of anti-EGFR therapies. Likewise, AXL overexpression and dimerization with EGFR can overcome PI3K inhibition by activating the phospholipase C-γ-PKC cascade that, in turn, sustains mTORC1 activity. The causative role of AXL in inducing drug resistance is underscored by the fact that the suppression of AXL restores sensitivity to these agents. Hence, these observations indicate that AXL is selectively expressed in tumor cells refractory to therapy and that cotargeting AXL in this setting would potentially overcome drug resistance. The use of AXL inhibitors should be considered in the clinic. Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1313–7. ©2016 AACR.
Vascular endothelial growth factor is of high prognostic value in node-negative breast carcinoma.
Authors: B Linderholm, B Tavelin, K Grankvist, R Henriksson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

PURPOSE The prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein, known to stimulate endothelial growth and angiogenesis, was evaluated in node-negative breast carcinoma (NNBC) and compared with established prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 525 consecutive patients with primary invasive NNBC (T1-2N0M0; tumor, node, metastasis stage), of whom 500 patients did not receive any systemic therapy, the cytosolic levels of VEGF165 were measured by using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median follow-up was 46 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS VEGF level was significantly inversely correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) positivity but positively associated with tumor size and histologic grade. Patients with VEGF levels above the median value (2.40 pg/microg of DNA) showed a significantly shorter survival time (P=.0012) than patients with levels less than the median value, also when analyzed as a continuous variable (P=.0277). Tumor size, grade, and ER expression were all statistically significant for overall survival in univariate analyses (P=.0069, P=.014, and P &lt; .001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that VEGF level was the strongest predictor of overall survival (P=.0199). Histologic grade was also an independent predictor of survival (P=.0477). Among the 381 patients with ER-positive tumors, a group in general considered to have a good prognosis, we found a significant reduction in survival for those with levels of VEGF greater than the median value (P=.0009). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the level of VEGF165 protein is an independent, strong prognostic factor for survival in patients with NNBC, especially in the subgroup of patients with ER positivity. Thus, cytosolic VEGF165 might be useful to select patients for adjuvant systemic therapy.
Surveillance of HIV/AIDS in Europe: update at end 2000.
Authors: F F Hamers, J Alix, C Semaille, H Pilkington, A M Downs
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

In the Western area of Europe, AIDS incidence decreased by 12% in 2000 compared to 1999 (22 cases per million population). In the Eastern area, the incidence of notified cases remained low, but newly diagnosed cases are still rising. In the Centre, the rates of AIDS cases and HIV infections remain low. EuroHIV (European Centre for the Epidemiological of AIDS) coordinates the surveillance of AIDS in the WHO European Region since 1984 and of newly diagnosed HIV infection since 1999. The main findings of the latest update at end 2000 are presented here. To take into account the diversity of the epidemiological situation in the region, countries have been grouped into three geographic areas: the West (the 15 countries of the European Union plus Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, Israel, Malta) the East (the 15 Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union) and the Centre (the remaining countries of the region).
Angiogenesis and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors as predictive factors of recurrence in meningiomas: A long-term prospective study
Authors: D. Saavedra, P. Guevara-Salazar, E. Escobar-Arriaga, A. Martinez-Rumayor, D. Rembao, A. Calderon, J. Sotelo, O. Arrieta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e13013 Background: Meningioma is a bening tumor, with a high rate of recurrence after surgery (80%); the most important relapse predictive factor is the extent of surgical resection; other potentially predictive factors have been studied with poor results. Angiogenesis has an important role in growth and spread of neoplasic cells; previous studies have shown a high incidence of cyclin E (CE), estrogen, and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) in meningiomas. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of clinical-pathological factors (CPF), vascular density index (VDI), cell proliferation index (CPI), CE, ER, and PR tissue expression in meningioma recurrence of patients submitted to surgical resection. Methods: From January 1995 to December 2000, we enrolled 42 patients with histopathological diagnosis of meningioma and treated only with surgical resection. Tumor VDI, CPI, CE, ER, and PR tissue expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in patients with or without recurrence. CPF, VDI, CPI, and expression of CE, ER, and PR were associated with recurrence. Results: Complete surgical resection was achieved in 32.5% of patients. Minimal follow-up was 6 years. Recurrence of meningioma was found in 17 patients (40%). Mean time of recurrence was 32 + 8 months. Tissue expression was positive for CE, ER, and PR in 90.9%, 27.6%, and in 64% of patients, respectively. VDI was &gt;8 (40X in 10 fields) in 52.6% of patients and CPI was &gt;600 (40X in 10 fields) in 54.2% of patients. Significant recurrence-associated factors were extent of resection (RR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.7–2.9, p = 0.03) and VDI &gt;8 (RR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.003–2.9, p = 0.001). CPI, CE, ER, and PR expressions were not statistically significant (p = 0.83, p = 0.16, p = 0.46, and p = 0.74, respectively). Conclusions: Patients with partially resected meningioma and high VDI have an increased recurrence risk and could benefit of additional therapeutic measures. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Post-Chemoradiation Surgical Pathology Stage Can Customize the Surveillance Strategy in Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Takashi Taketa, Kazuki Sudo, Arlene M. Correa, Roopma Wadhwa, Hironori Shiozaki, Elena Elimova, Maria-Claudia Campagna, Mariela A. Blum, Heath D. Skinner, Ritsuko U. Komaki, Jeffrey H. Lee, Manoop S. Bhutani, Brian R. Weston, David C. Rice, Stephen G. Swisher, Dipen M. Maru, Wayne L. Hofstetter, Jaffer A. Ajani
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Current algorithms for surveillance of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) after chemoradiation and surgery (trimodality therapy [TMT]) remain empiric. The authors hypothesized that the frequency, type, and timing of relapses after TMT would be highly associated with surgical pathology stage (SPS), and therefore SPS could be used to individualize the surveillance strategy. Between 2000 and 2010, 518 patients with EAC were identified who underwent TMT at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and were frequently surveyed. Frequency, type, and timing of the first relapse (locoregional and/or distant) were tabulated according to SPS. Standard statistical approaches were used. The median follow-up time after esophageal surgery was 55.4 months (range, 1.0-149.2 months). Disease relapse occurred in 215 patients (41.5%). Higher SPS was associated with a higher rate of relapse (0/I vs II/III, P≤.001; 0/I vs II, P=.002; SPS 0/I vs III, P≤.001; and SPS II vs III, P=.005) and with shorter time to relapse (P<.001). Irrespective of the SPS, approximately 95% of all relapses occurred within 36 months of surgery. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were shorter for patients with a higher SPS than those with a lower SPS (0/I vs II/III, P≤.001; 0/I vs II, P≤.001; 0/I vs III, P≤.001; and II vs III, P=.014). The compelling data show an excellent association between SPS and frequency/type/timing of relapses after TMT in patients with EAC. Thus, the surveillance strategy can potentially be customized based on SPS. These data can inform a future evidence-based surveillance strategy that can be efficient and cost-effective.
Seeking the driver in tumours with apparent normal molecular profile on comparative genomic hybridization and targeted gene panel sequencing: what is the added value of whole exome sequencing?
Authors: S. Postel-Vinay, Y. Boursin, C. Massard, A. Hollebecque, E. Ileana, M. Chiron, J. Jung, J.S. Lee, Z. Balogh, J. Adam, P. Vielh, E. Angevin, L. Lacroix, J.-C. Soria
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Abstract #78: The inverse association between dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and cervical cancer risk among Japanese women.
Authors: Satoyo Hosono, Keitaro Matsuo, Hiroaki Kajiyama, Kaoru Hirose, Takeshi Suzuki, Takakazu Kawase, Isao Oze, Kumiko Kidokoro, Toru Nakanishi, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Fumitaka Kikkawa, Kazuo Tajima, Hideo Tanaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Role of dietary calcium and vitamin D consumption in the etiology of several types of cancer has been reported; however, its impact on cervical cancer has remained to be clarified. To examine the association between dietary calcium and vitamin D consumption and cervical cancer risk, we conducted a case-control study with 405 histologically diagnosed incident cervical cancer cases (333 invasive carcinoma and 72 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III[CIN3]) and 2,025 age and menopausal status matched non-cancer controls. We collected dietary information by semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Impact of estimated calcium and vitamin D intake and frequency of consumption for each food items on cervical cancer risk was evaluated by conditional logistic regression models, adjusted for age, smoking status, drinking status, gravidity, oral contraceptive usage, any vitamin supplement usage, and energy. We observed inverse association of frequencies of eight foods containing calcium or vitamin D with cervical cancer. Calcium consumption showed inverse association with cervical cancer. Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) of calcium intake, adjusted odds ratios for each of the three upper quartiles (Q2, Q3 and Q4) were 0.96 (95%CI: 0.72-1.27), 0.50 (0.36-0.71), and 0.78 (0.57-1.08), respectively ( P for trend = 0.013). Vitamin D also showed inverse association [Q2: 1.05 (95%CI: 0.78-1.41) Q3: 0.85 (0.62-1.16) and Q4: 0.61 (0.43-0.88); P for trend = 0.006]. This inverse association of calcium was clearer among invasive carcinoma than among CIN3 ( P for trend of invasive carcinoma= 0.004 and P for trend of CIN3= 0.512). In contrast, vitamin D showed the protective effect irrespective of the progression of disease ( P for trend of invasive carcinoma= 0.006 and P for trend of CIN3= 0.085). These associations were observed only among women who were never-smokers, never-drinkers and squamous cell carcinoma cases. In addition, inverse association with calcium was evident in women whose vitamin D intake was low ( P for trend of lower vitamin D intake= 0.075 and P for trend of higher intake= 0.663). However, this combined effect was not statistically significant (interaction P =0.304). In conclusion, we found inverse association between cervical cancer risk among Japanese women and dietary calcium and vitamin D intake. Interaction between vitamin D and calcium was not observed. Further investigation in other population is warranted, possibly adding precise information about infection status of human papillomavirus and dietary supplement use.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 78.
Abstract 773: Alectinib shows potent antitumor activity against both ALK- and RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancers
Authors: Tatsushi Kodama, Toshiyuki Tsukaguchi, Yasuko Satoh, Miyuki Yoshida, Yoshiaki Watanabe, Osamu Kondoh, Hiroshi Sakamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract We have shown that alectinib is a potent ALK inhibitor and is being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of ALK fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, RET and ROS1 fusion genes have been implicated as driver oncogenes in 1-2% of NSCLC and have been developed into promising molecular targets for antitumor agents. Here, we investigate the additional target indication of alectinib by testing its ability to inhibit the activity of RET and ROS1 kinases. In enzyme assay, alectinib showed kinase inhibitory activity against RET as wells as ALK but did not show against ROS1. Alectinib inhibited the growth of LC-2/ad cells harboring CCDC6-RET and Ba/F3 cells expressing KIF5B-RET by suppressing RET phosphorylation. Alectinib also showed antitumor activity in mouse models of RET fusion-positive tumors (LC-2/ad cells and Ba/F3 cells expressing KIF5B-RET) and of ALK fusion-positive tumors (NCI-H2228 cells harboring EML4-ALK). In addition, alectinib showed kinase inhibitory activity against RET gatekeeper mutations (RET V804L and V804M) and blocked KIF5B-RET gatekeeper mutation-driven cell growth. Our results suggest that alectinib is effective against RET fusion-positive tumors, as observed in ALK fusion-positive tumors. Thus, alectinib might be a therapeutic option for patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC. Citation Format: Tatsushi Kodama, Toshiyuki Tsukaguchi, Yasuko Satoh, Miyuki Yoshida, Yoshiaki Watanabe, Osamu Kondoh, Hiroshi Sakamoto. Alectinib shows potent antitumor activity against both ALK- and RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 773. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-773