tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Classification of lung cancer: first experiences with the new TNM classification (4th edition)
Authors: H Bulzebruck, P Drings, K Kayser, V Schulz, S Tuengerthal, I Vogt-Moykopf
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1991)

In January 1987, the 4th edition of the TNM classification for malignant lung tumours by the International Union Cancer (UICC) came into effect. Thus, for the first time, a uniform worldwide staging system for lung cancer became available. In order to validate the new TNM definitions for lung cancer the data of 3,000 patients were analysed prospectively. Several items were examined: 1) the agreement between clinically (TNM) and pathologically (pTNM) confirmed classification; 2) the value of the various diagnostic techniques estimating the pathologically confirmed classification; 3) the influence of the TNM definitions on separating distinct prognostic groups. With regard to the primary tumour (T), clinical and pathological classifications were identical in 64%; for lymph node involvement (N) the agreement was 48%; for distant metastases it was 90% and for the stages it was 55%. As for the primary tumour (T) the accuracy of radiography (59%) was nearly identical to computed tomography (58%). Both techniques were less precise in determining the extent of lymph node involvement (computed tomography 50%, radiography 43%, correct assessments). The statistically significant differences in prognosis for the various T-, N- and M-categories as well as for the stages could be confirmed. By the new 1987 TNM definitions (4th edition) for lung cancer international conformity became feasible as well as practical, and the improvement in its prognostic relevance provided, therefore, a more reliable basis for establishing guidelines for individual oncological concepts of therapy.
Cost-effective therapy remission assessment in lymphoma patients using 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose–positron emission tomography/computed tomography: is an end of treatment exam necessary in all patients?
Authors: K. Strobel, N.G. Schaefer, C. Renner, P. Veit-Haibach, D. Husarik, A.Y. Koma, T.F. Hany
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Hospital Treatment of Borderline Patients
Authors: GERALD ADLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Staff members handling hospitalized borderline patients are challenged to offer them a new kind of experience rather than reconfirming the projections they are so expert in eliciting from people. The author describes an approach to treatment of these patients in which the staff attempts to handle its own retaliatory fury toward these patients because of their provocative behavior and is able to set limits in a nonpunitive way.
Autocrine hemokinin-1 functions as an endogenous adjuvant for IgE-mediated mast cell inflammatory responses
Authors: Tina L. Sumpter, Chin H. Ho, Anna R. Pleet, Olga A. Tkacheva, William J. Shufesky, Darling M. Rojas-Canales, Adrian E. Morelli, Adriana T. Larregina
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Response to Comment on: Wolpert et al. Dietary Fat Acutely Increases Glucose Concentrations and Insulin Requirements in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Carbohydrate-Based Bolus Dose Calculation and Intensive Diabetes Management. Diabetes Care 2013;36:810–816
Authors: Howard A. Wolpert
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We appreciate the comment of Wolever (1) regarding our study (2) and that we performed a much more detailed, well-controlled, and sophisticated study. We also appreciate the comment regarding the details about the composition of the test meals in the study. Thus, to allow comparison of our results with others in the literature, we provide …
Intravenous injection of apoptotic leukocytes enhances bone marrow engraftment across major histocompatibility barriers
Authors: Marcelo de Carvalho Bittencourt, Sylvain Perruche, Emmanuel Contassot, Stéphanie Fresnay, Marie-Hélène Baron, Régis Angonin, François Aubin, Patrick Hervé, Pierre Tiberghien, Philippe Saas
Journal: Blood (2001)
Immunolocalization and expression of functional and nonfunctional cell-to-cell channels from wild-type and mutant rat heart connexin43 cDNA.
Authors: B Dunham, S Liu, S Taffet, E Trabka-Janik, M Delmar, R Petryshyn, S Zheng, R Perzova, M L Vallano
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The carboxyl terminal cytoplasmic domain of distinct gap junction proteins may play an important role in assembly of functional channels as well as differential responsiveness to pH, voltage, and intracellular second messengers. Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis in a paired Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system was used to examine the expression of mRNAs encoding wild-type and carboxyl terminal mutant connexin43 (Cx43) proteins. Oocytes were stripped, injected with mRNA or distilled water (dH2O), preincubated for 16-20 hours, and then paired for 5-10 hours; this process was followed by electrophysiological recording using the dual voltage-clamp technique. Initial experiments compared the relative junctional conductances (Gjs) in oocyte pairs expressing Cx43 (382 amino acid residues) and two truncated mutants lacking most or a portion of the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminal. The shortest mutant (M241) contained 240 amino acid residues and was devoid of all phosphorylatable serine residues in the cytoplasmic tail; its length approximated the length of liver connexin26. The longest mutant (M257) tested contained 256 amino acid residues, including two serine residues. Oocyte pairs expressing M241 yielded a Gj similar to that of oocytes injected with dH2O, whereas M257 yielded a Gj similar to that of oocytes injected with Cx43. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that Cx43, M257, and M241 proteins were readily detectable in oocytes injected with their respective mRNAs, indicating that the lack of Gj observed with the M241 mRNA was not due to reduced translation. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that wild-type and both truncated mutants were localized to the area of cell-to-cell contact between the paired oocytes, indicating that protein targeting to the membrane was not inhibited in oocytes injected with M241 mRNA. Oocyte pairs expressing mutants in which serine residues were replaced with nonphosphorylatable amino acids (serine codon No. 255 AGC was converted to GCC, alanine, designated as M255S----A, and serine codon No. 244 AGC was converted to GGC, glycine, designated as M244S----G) showed Gjs similar to M257, indicating that these serine residues and, by inference, their phosphorylation state are not critical for expression of functional channels. The importance of the length of the carboxyl terminus was assessed by comparing the Gjs in a series of mutants that were intermediate in length between M257 and M241. Gradual shortening of the carboxyl terminus produced a gradual reduction of Gj relative to M257. However, simple deletion of amino acid residues 241-257 from the wild-type Cx43 did not affect Gj relative to M257.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effects of Load Manipulations, Heart Rate, and Contractility on Left Ventricular Apical Rotation
Authors: Carol A. Gibbons Kroeker, John V. Tyberg, Rafael Beyar
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Left ventricular twist or torsion has been defined as the counterclockwise rotation of the ventricular apex with respect to the base during systole. We have recently shown that since base rotation is minimal, measurement of apex rotation reflects the dynamics of left ventricular (LV) twist. Since the mechanisms by which load and contractility affect twist are controversial, we aimed to determine the relation between apex rotation and volume, contractility, and heart rate under conditions in which dimensions and pressures were accurately measured. Methods and Results Using our optical device coupled to the LV apex, apex rotation was recorded simultaneously with LV pressure, ECG, LV segment length, and minor-axis diameters (sonomicrometry) in 12 open-chest dogs. Using vena caval occlusion and volume loading, a linear end-diastolic (ED) relation between apex rotation and LV area index was obtained (slope, 0.61±0.06°/percent change; intercept, −60.1±6.2°; n=10) that differed from the end-systolic (ES) relation (slope, 1.36±0.27°/percent change; intercept, −132.5±24.9°; P &lt;.005). With changes in contractility, afterload, or heart rate, for both ED and ES the apex rotation–volume points fell within the range of the relations established by changing preload, suggesting that volume is the major determinant of twist. Vena caval occlusion (preload and afterload decrease) caused an increase in amplitude of apex rotation, with maximal apex rotation occurring earlier in ejection. In contrast, acute volume loading (predominant preload increase) caused a small decrease in the amplitude of apex rotation, and twist relaxation was delayed into the isovolumic relaxation period. Likewise, with single-beat aortic occlusion (increased afterload), there was a slight decrease in the amplitude of apex rotation, and maximal apex rotation was delayed into the isovolumic relaxation period. Paired pacing (increased contractility) increased the total amplitude of apex rotation by 42% and caused a delay in untwisting until the end of the isovolumic relaxation period. An increase in heart rate over 150 beats per minute resulted in a significant decrease in the amplitude of apex rotation with a similar delay of twist relaxation into the isovolumic relaxation period. Conclusions The effects of load, contractility, and heart rate manipulations on LV twist as measured throughout the cardiac cycle by the optical apex rotation method are manifested by changes in both the amplitude and dynamics of torsion. LV twist at ED and ES is primarily a function of volume; this relation appears to be unaltered by heart rate, afterload, and contractility. Whereas decreased load caused early untwisting, increases in preload, afterload, heart rate, and contractility caused a consistent pattern of delay in twist relaxation.
Atrophy and hypertrophy signalling in the diaphragm of patients with COPD
Authors: D. Testelmans, T. Crul, K. Maes, A. Agten, M. Crombach, M. Decramer, G. Gayan-Ramirez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

We investigated whether atrophy and hypertrophy signalling were altered in the diaphragm of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We studied diaphragm fibre dimensions and proportion, expression of markers of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathways, muscle regulatory factors and myostatin in diaphragm biopsies from 19 patients with severe COPD and 13 patients without COPD. Type I proportion was significantly increased in the diaphragm of COPD patients while type II proportion was decreased. The cross-sectional area of all fibre types was reduced in the COPD patients. In addition, MAFbx mRNA was higher in the diaphragm of COPD patients while Nedd4 mRNA decreased. Cytoplasmatic levels of inhibitor protein IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta were decreased in the COPD patients as was NF-kappaB p50 DNA-binding activity. MyoD mRNA and its nuclear protein content were decreased in the diaphragm of COPD patients and myogenin mRNA and protein levels remained unchanged. Myostatin mRNA was decreased but its protein levels in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fraction were significantly increased in the COPD patients. These data show that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the NF-kappaB pathway and myostatin protein were up-regulated in the diaphragm of COPD patients while MyoD expression was reduced. These alterations may contribute to diaphragm remodeling in COPD.
Progressive increase in the functional G cell mass with age in atrophic gastritis
Authors: M. G. Korman, J. Hansky, R. G. Strickland
Journal: Gut (1973)

Patients with atrophic gastritis but normal antral mucosa and achlorhydria were divided into three groups according to age—under 40, 40 to 70, and over 70 years. Serum gastrin, both basal and following a standard protein meal, was estimated in all patients by radioimmunoassay. There was a significant correlation between the magnitude of the gastrin response and age, the older the patient the greater the response. These results suggest that with increasing duration of gastritis and continued stimulation of a normal antrum in the absence of inhibition by acid, the functional G (gastrin) cell mass increases. However the possibility exists that each cell may secrete more gastrin in response to the same stimulus with age. This may be resolved by counting the number of G cells in the stomachs of subjects with atrophic gastritis and different ages.
Doxorubicin and the Alkylating Anthracycline 3'-Deamino-3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl) doxorubicin: Comparative In Vitro Potency Against Leukemia and Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: R. A. Beckman, P. J. McFall, B. I. Sikic, S. D. Smith
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

The new anthracycline analogue 3'-deamino-3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl) doxorubicin (MRA-CN) is an intensely potent compound that has been shown to be 100-1,000 times more potent than doxorubicin (DOX) in vivo and in vitro. In addition, MRA-CN has been non-cross-resistant with DOX in DOX-selected models of multidrug resistance. We now report the effect of MRA-CN (and DOX) on leukemia cell lines established from patients with common, T-cell, and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, as well as with monoblastic leukemia. The effect of MRA-CN on the leukemia cells was compared to its toxicity on normal myeloid progenitors (therapeutic ratio) and to the effect of DOX on the leukemia and normal cells. MRA-CN was found to be 100 times more potent than DOX against normal myeloid progenitors--colony-forming units, granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)--and 40-240 times more potent than DOX against leukemia cell lines. In addition, the therapeutic ratio was uniformly greater than 1, indicating that each leukemia cell line tested was more sensitive than CFU-GM to MRA-CN in vitro. There was a lack of correlation between MRA-CN and DOX at a drug concentration at which the colony formation is inhibited by 50% in the leukemia cell lines (correlation coefficient = 0.38), which supported the previous reports of non-cross-resistance between these two agents. The favorable therapeutic ratio, the non-cross-resistance with DOX, and the previously described lack of cardiac toxicity all make MRA-CN an attractive candidate for clinical trials in patients with acute leukemia.
Patch Clamp Studies of Lymphocyte Activation
Authors: P Gardner
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1990)

In both T- and B-lymphocyte activation, antigen receptor or mitogen stimulation results in phosphoinositide turnover, generation of InsP3 and diacylglycerol, and a sustained rise in intracellular Ca2+, from both intracellular Ca2+ stores release and enhanced transmembrane Ca2+ influx. There is also an associated K+ efflux and membrane hyperpolarization. Patch clamp studies in T and B cells have revealed the presence of several types of ion channels that apparently contribute to the ion fluxes and to the membrane potential changes associated with lymphocyte activation. Three types of T-cell channels are described in this review. First, patch clamp studies have revealed the presence of a nonvoltage-gated, Ca2+ permeable channel, the probability of whose opening increases upon exposure of the T cell to activating ligands. Enhanced opening probability appears to be mediated by the second messenger InsP3, implying that InsP3 is responsible for both intracellular Ca2+ stores release and enhanced transmembrane Ca2+ influx. Thus, the control of [Ca2+]i remains coupled to TCR/CD3 function. The Ca2+ permeable channel also undergoes a Ca2(+)-dependent inactivation process in an autoregulatory fashion. In addition, voltage-gated K+ channels, which closely resemble the delayed rectifier K+ channel of nerve and muscle, can be classified into three subtypes, according to their voltage dependence of activation, inactivation kinetics, and pharmacological sensitivity. The expression of the three K+ channel subtypes varies with the cell's developmental state and functional class. The voltage-activated K+ channel is postulated to have a role in mitogenesis, based on studies that demonstrate an increase in K+ channel amplitude in the 24-48 hr following mitogen stimulation, and on studies that demonstrate that K+ channel blockers inhibit mitogenesis in a dose-dependent manner with the same potency sequence for ion channel block. The precise functional role of the voltage-activated K+ channel remains to be determined. Finally, a Ca2(+)-activated K+ channel in T cells has recently been described. This channel presumably underlies the K+ efflux and membrane hyperpolarization that accompany the mitogen-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Three channel types that may contribute to activation have also been described in B lymphocytes. In murine myeloma and hybridoma cells, a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel similar to Ca2+ channels in nerve, heart, and muscle is present. It is unclear whether or not this type of Ca2+ channel is present in straight B-cell lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Vitamin B12 decreases, but does not normalize, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in end-stage renal disease: A link with glycine metabolism and possible explanation of hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease
Authors: Matthew Eric Hyndman, Braden J. Manns, Floyd F. Snyder, Peter J. Bridge, Nairne W. Scott-Douglas, Ernest Fung, Howard G. Parsons
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
Instantaneous Dimensional Changes of the Left Ventricle in Dogs
Authors: EDWARD W. HAWTHORNE
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The cardiac cycle in dogs starts with an isovolumic period in which there is shortening of the base-to-apex length with an increase in cross-sectional area. Total shortening is about one-fourth of that in open-chest dogs. Minimal changes in base-to-apex length occur during the ejection phase, and there is a typical pattern of decrease in cross-sectional area. During isovolumic relaxation, the left ventricular base-to-apex length increases. Rapid filling is characterized by a sudden increase in cross-sectional area and is followed by a diastasis of varying lengths. Atrial systole is associated with a sudden significant increase in cross-sectional area and a decrease in base-to-apex length. The magnitude of change in cross-sectional area about the left ventricle during ejection may be used as an index of stroke volume. Our studies suggest that the ventricle contracts in an "eccentric manner," and relaxes in a "concentric fashion." Simultaneous monitoring of the instantaneous changes in cross-sectional area and circumference about the middle of the left ventricle may be used as an index of its efficiency of contraction in awake, intact dogs.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma, Scotland, 1979-89
Authors: R MacKie, T.C Aitchison, J.A.A Hunter, K Mclaren, J.F Smyth, M.A Cornbleet, D Hole, R Rankin, D.H Jones, K Blessing, A.T Evans, A.W Hutcheon, D.S Soutar, A.C.H Watson
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Myeloid-Specific Expression of Ron Receptor Kinase Promotes Prostate Tumor Growth
Authors: Devikala Gurusamy, Jerilyn K. Gray, Peterson Pathrose, Rishikesh M. Kulkarni, Fred D. Finkleman, Susan E. Waltz
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Ron receptor kinase (MST1R) is important in promoting epithelial tumorigenesis, but the potential contributions of its specific expression in stromal cells have not been examined. Herein, we show that the Ron receptor is expressed in mouse and human stromal cells of the prostate tumor microenvironment. To test the significance of stromal Ron expression, prostate cancer cells were orthotopically implanted into the prostates of either wild-type or Ron tyrosine kinase deficient (TK−/−; Mst1r−/−) hosts. In TK−/− hosts, prostate cancer cell growth was significantly reduced as compared with tumor growth in TK+/+ hosts. Prostate tumors in TK−/− hosts exhibited an increase in tumor cell apoptosis, macrophage infiltration and altered cytokine expression. Reciprocal bone marrow transplantation studies and myeloid cell–specific ablation of Ron showed that loss of Ron in myeloid cells is sufficient to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. Interestingly, depletion of CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, was able to restore prostate tumor growth in hosts devoid of myeloid-specific Ron expression. These studies show a critical role for the Ron receptor in the tumor microenvironment, whereby Ron loss in tumor-associated macrophages inhibits prostate cancer cell growth, at least in part, by derepressing the activity of CD8+ T cells. Cancer Res; 73(6); 1752–63. ©2012 AACR.
Sarcomas predominate in mice deficient for PrPc and p53
Authors: D. Michael, A. F. Okuducu, N. Holtkamp, T. Bamme, C. F. Jehn, C. Riemer, M. Baier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21039 Background: For cellular prion protein (PrPc) putative roles in many cellular processes including signalling, survival, adhesion, proliferation and differentation have been proposed. The hallmarks of cancer include some of these traits and in human tumors both increased and decreased levels of PrPc have been observed. However PrPc deficient mice show no increased rate of tumor formation. To characterize the possible role of PrPc in tumorigenesis we generated PrPc -/- /p53 -/- mice. Methods: Organ and tumor samples were surgically removed post mortem and processed for histological analysis. Time to death was defined as the latency between birth and spontaneous death or a terminal disease state as indicated by tumor burden and other symptoms of severe disease. Results: As reported previously lymphomas are the most frequent tumors in p53 -/- mice [5 out of 7 (71 %)]. In contrast, sarcomas predominate in PrPc -/- /p53 -/- mice [9 out of 21 (43 %)]. This was accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of lymphomas in PrPc -/- /p53 -/- mice [7 out of 21 (33 %)]. Conclusions: These results indicate for PrPc, in the context of p53 deficiency, a role in sarcoma tumorigenesis and the PrPc -/- /p53 -/- mice might provide a clinical relevant model for the study of sarcomas. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The complex interplay between three-dimensional egocentric and allocentric spatial representation
Authors: David M. Kaplan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Jeffery et al. characterize the egocentric/allocentric distinction as discrete. But paradoxically, much of the neural and behavioral evidence they adduce undermines a discrete distinction. More strikingly, their positive proposal – the bicoded map hypothesis – reflects a more complex interplay between egocentric and allocentric coding than they acknowledge. Properly interpreted, their proposal about three-dimensional spatial representation contributes to recent work on embodied cognition.
CD95 engagement induces disseminated endothelial cell apoptosis in vivo: immunopathologic implications
Authors: Anne Janin, Christophe Deschaumes, Marjan Daneshpouy, Jérôme Estaquier, Juliette Micic-Polianski, Premavathy Rajagopalan-Levasseur, Khadija Akarid, Nicolas Mounier, Eliane Gluckman, Gérard Socié, Jean Claude Ameisen
Journal: Blood (2002)
Impact Of Sex On Clinical Outcomes Of Mature B Cell Lymphoma In The Rituximab Era: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study
Authors: Hiroyuki Nakamura, Hirokazu Nagai, Tomoyuki Watanabe, Takahiro Yano, Naokuni Uike, Seiichi Okamura, Shuichi Hanada, Fumio Kawano, Kazutaka Sunami, Nobumasa Inoue, Shin-ichiro Yoshida, Takeshi Shimomura, Kiyoshi Kitano, Morio Sawamura, Keizo Horibe
Journal: Blood (2013)