tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Perforation of the Oesophagus: Review of the Literature and Report of Three New Cases
Authors: N. R. Barrett
Journal: Thorax (1946)

OBSERVED BY BOERHAAVE (The original occupies seventy closely printed pages) The subject of this accident was Baron de Wassenaer, a man over fifty years of age, and of powerful frame, whose appearance betokened perfect health.In his youth he had frequently suffered from "angina," and for many years during the winter he had been subject to gout, attributed by himself to overeating and want of exercise.After a full meal he always felt a sensation of great weight at the pit of the stomach, and to relieve this he was in the habit of taking ipecacuanha in a copious infusion of blessed-thistle (carcuus or cnicus benedictus.This hei b was once much used as a febrifuge and tonic, and as a mild diaphoretic.The infusion is said to induce vomiting or rather to assist the action of emetics, but probably it has much the same effect as warm water), though he sometimes used the latter beverage alone.At the time of the accident which caused his death, Baron de Wassenaer was atoning by low diet for an excess at table committed three days before, and a glance at his last meal-an early dinner-may give some idea of the character and amount of his food when he was not stinting his appetite.It has long been supposed that the Baron was a gross feeder, but after a careful perusal of the case, so eminent an authority as Prof. von Ziemssen does not think this opinion warranted by the facts.An examination of the follow- ing list, which does not represent the bill of fare, but only that portion of it which was on August 19
Clinical Evaluation of Dendritic Cell Vaccination for Patients with Recurrent Glioma: Results of a Clinical Phase I/II Trial
Authors: Ryuya Yamanaka, Junpei Homma, Naoki Yajima, Naoto Tsuchiya, Masakazu Sano, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Seiichi Yoshida, Takashi Abe, Miwako Narita, Masuhiro Takahashi, Ryuichi Tanaka
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the safety and the immunologic and clinical responses of dendritic cell therapy for patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Experimental Design: Twenty-four patients with recurrent malignant glioma (6 grade 3 and 18 grade 4 patients) were evaluated in a phase I/II clinical study of dendritic cell therapy. All patients were resistant to the standard maximum therapy. The patient's peripheral blood dendritic cells were generated with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, plus interleukin 4 with or without OK-432, and pulsed with an autologous tumor lysate. Dendritic cells were injected intradermally, or both intratumorally and intradermally every 3 weeks. Results: The protocols were well tolerated with only local redness and swelling at the injection site in several cases. Clinical responses were as follows: 1 patient with partial response, 3 patients with minor response, 10 patients with stable disease, and 10 patients with progressive disease. The patients whose dendritic cells were matured with OK-432 had longer survival times than the dendritic cells from patients without OK-432 maturation. The patients with both intratumoral and intradermal administrations had a longer survival time than the patients with intradermal administration only. Increased ELISPOT and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses after vaccination could provide good laboratory markers to predict the clinical outcome of patients receiving dendritic cell vaccination. The overall survival of patients with grade 4 glioma was 480 days, which was significantly better than that in the control group. Conclusions: This study showed the safety and clinical response of autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell therapy for patients with malignant glioma. Dendritic cell therapy is recommended for further clinical studies in malignant glioma patients.
The influence of malnutrition on pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD
Authors: Sarah Jones, Samantha Kon, Jane Canavan, Claire Nolan, Melissa Ng, Amy Clark, William Man
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  Malnutrition impacts on exercise performance and health related quality of life (HRQOL) in COPD. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is the cornerstone of management; however there are concerns that PR may exacerbate catabolic processes in malnutrition.   Aims  To determine the influence of malnutrition (measured by the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool:MUST) on PR completion and response rates. To assess whether PR causes loss of weight or muscle mass in malnourished patients.   Methods  Completion rates were recorded in 1173 stable COPD patients referred to PR, stratified according to risk of malnutrition (MUST:0=low risk;>1=medium to high risk). Anthropometry, COPD Assessment Test (CAT), four metre-gait speed (4MGS), five-repetition sit-to-stand (5STS) and incremental shuttle walk (ISW) were measured pre and post an 8-week outpatient PR programme and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare change with PR between groups.   Results  PR completion rates were reduced in those with increased risk of malnutrition (MUST 0:completion 76.6% versus MUST>1:completion 64.6%,p=0.005). Table 1 summarises response to PR stratified to MUST score. There were small but significant increases in weight and fat free mass (FFM) with PR in MUST>1.   Conclusion  Those at increased risk of malnutrition have worse completion rates than those with low risk, but physical performance and HRQoL measures improve similarly. PR does not exacerbate catabolic process in patients with COPD at increased risk of malnutrition.
Individualized Estimation of the Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Randomized Trial
Authors: Andrew Vickers, Caroline Bennette, Gunnar Steineck, Hans-Olov Adami, Jan-Erik Johansson, Anna Bill-Axelson, Juni Palmgren, Hans Garmo, Lars Holmberg
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus reuteri on visceral pain induced by colorectal distension in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: T Kamiya
Journal: Gut (2005)

Probiotic bacteria are being investigated as possible treatments for many intestinal disorders. The present study aimed to explore the effects of live, heat killed, or gamma irradiated Lactobacillus reuteri on cardio-autonomic response and single fibre unit discharge in dorsal root ganglia to colorectal distension in healthy Sprague-Dawley rats housed under conventional conditions. The effects of this treatment on somatic pain were also examined.
Polyarteritis nodosa complicated by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: S YAMASAKI
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

A 56 year old woman was diagnosed with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) in June 1998 based on the presence of fibrinoid necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells into medium and small sized arteries on a skin biopsy specimen. She presented with erythema on her arms and legs, with fever and body weight loss. Tender masses were palpable on her right abdomen. Small erythematous lesions and livedo reticularis were seen on the arms and legs.

Laboratory investigation on admission disclosed anaemia (haemoglobin 73 g/l) and leucocytosis (22.5×109/l) consisting mainly of neutrophils (85%). Creatinine clearance was 39 ml/min. Serological examination showed raised levels of C reactive protein (88.6 mg/l). Serological tests for syphilis, hepatitis B virus antigen, and antibody for hepatitis C virus were negative. …
Potency of Ragweed Extracts
Authors: R. R. Townley, D. R. Ownby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to the news items covering our presentation at the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology (1982;247:2203), there are several points that we believe need clarification. The major inaccuracy concerns the statement that the simple variable of refrigeration correlated with the potency of extracts studied. This was not the case. While others<sup>1-3</sup>have demonstrated a loss of extract potency that depends on storage time and temperature, we were unable to find such a correlation. The fact that we were unable to demonstrate such a correlation may be because of the relatively small number of extracts studied or the multiple variables involved. Although we did show a substantial degree of variability in skin test reactivity and antigen-E (AgE) content, we believe that some explanation of the methods needs to be given. The potency of the skin tests was determined using our adaptation of a method proposed
Time-Limited Trials of Intensive Care for Critically Ill Patients With Cancer
Authors: Mark G. Shrime, Bart S. Ferket, Daniel J. Scott, Joon Lee, Diana Barragan-Bradford, Tom Pollard, Yaseen M. Arabi, Hasan M. Al-Dorzi, Rebecca M. Baron, M. G. Myriam Hunink, Leo A. Celi, Peggy S. Lai
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

IMPORTANCE Time-limited trials of intensive care are commonly used in patients perceived to have a poor prognosis.The optimal duration of such trials is unknown.Factors such as a cancer diagnosis are associated with clinician pessimism and may affect the decision to limit care independent of a patient's severity of illness.OBJECTIVE To identify the optimal duration of intensive care for short-term mortality in critically ill patients with cancer.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Decision analysis using a state-transition microsimulation model was performed to simulate the hospital course of patients with poor-prognosis primary tumors, metastatic disease, or hematologic malignant neoplasms admitted to medical and surgical intensive care units.Transition probabilities were derived from 920 participants stratified by sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores to identify severity of illness.The model was validated in 3 independent cohorts with 349, 158, and 117 participants from quaternary care academic hospitals.Monte Carlo microsimulation was performed, followed by probabilistic sensitivity analysis.Outcomes were assessed in the overall cohort and in solid tumors alone. INTERVENTIONS Time-unlimited vs time-limited trials of intensive care.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES 30-day all-cause mortality and mean survival duration. RESULTSThe SOFA scores at ICU admission were significantly associated with mortality.A 3-, 8-, or 15-day trial of intensive care resulted in decreased mean 30-day survival vs aggressive care in all but the sickest patients (SOFA score, 5-9: 48.4% [95% CI, 48.0%-48.8%],60.6% [95% CI, 60.2%-61.1%],and 66.8% [95% CI, 66.4%-67.2%],respectively, vs 74.6% [95% CI, 74.3%-75.0%]with time-unlimited aggressive care; SOFA score, 10-14: 36.2% [95% CI, 35.8%-36.6%],44.1% [95% CI, 43.6%-44.5%],and 46.1% [95% CI, 45.6%-46.5%],respectively, vs 48.4% [95% CI, 48.0%-48.8%]with aggressive care; SOFA score, Ն15: 5.8% [95% CI, 5.6%-6.0%],8.1% [95% CI, 7.9%-8.3%],and 8.3% [95% CI, 8.1%-8.6%],respectively, vs 8.8% [95% CI, 8.5%-9.0%]with aggressive care).However, the clinical magnitude of these differences was variable.Trial durations of 8 days in the sickest patients offered mean survival duration that was no more than 1 day different from time-unlimited care, whereas trial durations of 10 to 12 days were required in healthier patients.For the subset of patients with solid tumors, trial durations of 1 to 4 days offered mean survival that was not statistically significantly different from time-unlimited care.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Trials of ICU care lasting 1 to 4 days may be sufficient in patients with poor-prognosis solid tumors, whereas patients with hematologic malignant neoplasms or less severe illness seem to benefit from longer trials of intensive care.
Novel Method for Benchmarking Recruitment of African American Cancer Patients to Clinical Therapeutic Trials
Authors: Keith H. Morgenlander, Sharon B. Winters, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Linda B. Robertson, Dwight E. Heron, Ronald B. Herberman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has historically evaluated the participation of underserved minorities within University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI) clinical trials in relation to the proportion of African Americans in the general population of the UPCI primary service area of Allegheny County (12%). This standard seemed to be unrealistically high as a result of a younger age distribution of African Americans within the county.
Weil Syndrome
Authors: Thiago Cardoso Vale, Gustavo Camargos de Toledo Santos, Saulo Fernandes Saturnino, Adao Soares Antunes Neto, Frederico Figueiredo Amâncio, Marluce Aparecida Assuncao Oliveira, Breno Franco Silveira Fernandes, Rodrigo Santiago Gomez, Marcus Vinícius Andrade, Antonio Lucio Teixeira
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
T cell cytokine profiles in childhood asthma
Authors: V Brown
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<b>Background:</b> An imbalance of T cell subsets in asthma with a predominance of Th2 type cells has been proposed. The aim of this study was simultaneously to detect surface markers and intracellular production of cytokines in T cells from the airways of children with and without asthma. <b>Methods:</b> Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained by wedging a suction catheter into the distal airway immediately before elective surgery. Cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristrate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin and intracytoplasmic cytokine retention was achieved using monensin. The cells were stained with the relevant antibodies and analysed by flow cytometry. <b>Results:</b> No statistical difference was observed between children with atopic asthma, atopic non-asthmatic subjects, and normal controls in the percentage of CD3+ cells producing interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-4. Interferon (IFN)γ+ T cells were, however, present in a much higher percentage than either IL-2 or IL-4 positive cells. The percentage of IFNγ+ T cells was significantly increased in subjects with atopic asthma (median 71.3%, interquartile range (IQR) 65.1–82.2, n=13) compared with both atopic non-asthmatic subjects (51.9%, IQR 37.2–70.3, n=12), p&lt;0.05 and normal controls (58.1%, IQR 36.1–66.1, n=23), p&lt;0.01. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings indicate that IFNγ producing T cells are more abundant in the airways of children with atopic asthma than in atopic non-asthmatic subjects and controls. The proinflammatory activities of IFNγ may play an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma and may suggest that asthma is not simply a Th2 driven response.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Plus Amitriptyline for Chronic Migraine in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Scott W Powers, Susmita M Kashikar-Zuck, Janelle R Allen, Susan L LeCates, Shalonda K Slater, Marium Zafar, Marielle A Kabbouche, Hope L O'Brien, Chad E Shenk, Joseph R Rausch, Andrew D Hershey
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Early, safe, effective, and durable evidence-based interventions for children and adolescents with chronic migraine do not exist.
Phase II Study of Sorafenib in Combination With Docetaxel and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Metastatic or Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: ECOG 5203
Authors: Weijing Sun, Mark Powell, Peter J. O'Dwyer, Paul Catalano, Rafat H. Ansari, Al B. Benson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose The combination of sorafenib with chemotherapy is well-tolerated and is associated with encouraging response rates in several malignances. Both docetaxel and cisplatin are active in gastric cancer. A phase II study was conducted to determine the efficacy and toxicity of combined sorafenib, docetaxel, and cisplatin in patients with metastatic or advanced adenocarcinoma of stomach or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Patients and Methods Forty-four chemotherapy-naïve patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1, of whom 80% had metastatic disease and two thirds had poorly differentiated gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma, were enrolled. The treatment regimen was sorafenib 400 mg orally twice a day for 21 days, docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 intravenously on day 1, and cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 intravenously on day 1, repeated every 21 days. The primary end point was response rate to the combination. Toxicity, overall survival, and progression-free survival were assessed as secondary end points. Results Eighteen of the 44 eligible and treated patients showed partial responses (41%; 90% CI, 28% to 54%). The median progression-free survival was 5.8 months (90% CI, 5.4 to 7.4 months). The median overall survival was 13.6 months (90% CI, 8.6 to 16.1 month). The major toxicity of this regimen was neutropenia, which reached grade 3 to 4 in 64% of patients. One patient experienced hemorrhage at the tumor site. Conclusion The combination of sorafenib, docetaxel, and cisplatin has an encouraging efficacy profile with tolerable toxicity. Additional studies of sorafenib with chemotherapy are warranted in gastric cancer.
Molecular characterisation of a dominant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone in a Mexican hospital (1999–2003)
Authors: G. Echániz-Aviles, M.E. Velázquez-Meza, M. Aires-de-Sousa, R. Morfín-Otero, E. Rodríguez-Noriega, N. Carnalla-Barajas, S. Esparza-Ahumada, H. de Lencastre
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2005)
Autocrine and Paracrine Chemokine Receptor 7 Activation in Head and Neck Cancer: Implications for Therapy
Authors: J. Wang, R. R. Seethala, Q. Zhang, W. Gooding, C. van Waes, H. Hasegawa, R. L. Ferris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

BackgroundThe chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) mediates survival and invasiveness of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) to regional lymph nodes. Constitutive prosurvival signaling by the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt pathway has been observed in SCCHN cells independent of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling.
Peristent Remodeling and Neointimal Suppression 2 Years After Polymer-Based, Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Jiro Aoki, Antonio Colombo, Dariusz Dudek, Adrian P. Banning, Janusz Drzewiecki, Krzysztof Zmudka, Francois Schiele, Mary E. Russell, Joerg Koglin, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term vascular responses as long as 2 years after implantation of polymer-based, paclitaxel-eluting stents in contrast to uncoated stents.TAXUS II is a randomized, double-blind trial comparing slow-release (SR) and moderate-release (MR) TAXUS stents with bare-metal control stents (BMSs). One hundred sixty-one event-free patients (SR, 43; MR, 41; and BMS, 77) underwent serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis after the procedure and at 6 months and 2 years. At 2 years, neointimal responses continued to be significantly suppressed in the SR and MR groups when compared with the BMS group (BMS, 1.49+/-1.12 mm2; SR, 0.94+/-0.76 mm2 [P=0.004]; and MR, 1.06+/-0.90 mm2 [P=0.02]). Between 6 months and 2 years, the BMS group showed compaction of the neointima (Delta, -0.22+/-1.05 mm2 [P=0.08]). In contrast, both the SR and MR groups exhibited an increase (Delta SR, 0.30+/-0.76 mm2 (P=0.01); MR, 0.41+/-0.94 mm2 [P=0.009]). Between 6 months and 2 years, the initial increase in plaque outside the stent regressed in the BMS and SR groups to levels comparable to those after the procedure, whereas expansive remodeling partially regressed in the MR group (Delta between after the procedure and 2 years BMS, -0.34+/-1.28 mm2 [P=0.05]; SR, -0.02+/-1.40 mm2 [P=0.93]; MR, 0.32+/-1.56 mm2 [P=0.27]).The 2-year follow-up demonstrates that neointimal suppression was dose independent and that this effect was still sustained at 2 years. However, the increase in area outside the stent seen at 6 months regressed to different extents in a dose-dependent manner at 2 years.
Carcinoma and DNA aneuploidy in Crohn's colitis--a histological and flow cytometric study.
Authors: R Lofberg, O Brostrom, P Karlen, A Ost, B Tribukait
Journal: Gut (1991)

Twenty four patients with longstanding colonic Crohn9s disease were examined prospectively with colonoscopy and multiple biopsy sampling in order to detect histological dysplasia or abnormal aneuploid DNA content, or both. Biopsy specimens were taken from 10 predetermined locations in the colon and rectum. No patient had definite dysplasia but three displayed DNA aneuploidy (12.5%), and one of these subsequently developed a carcinoma (Dukes9 C at operation) in the ascending colon. No concomitant dysplasia was detected but the carcinoma as well as other parts of the mucosa were DNA aneuploid. It is concluded that dysplasia is rare in patients with Crohn9s colitis, but findings of DNA aneuploidy warrant vigilance in follow up as this may indicate impending carcinoma. Further prospective studies are needed before the predictive value of DNA aneuploidy can be determined and before general recommendations of colonoscopic surveillance, as in longstanding ulcerative colitis, can be made.
The national colonoscopy audit: a nationwide assessment of the quality and safety of colonoscopy in the UK
Authors: Daniel R Gavin, Roland M Valori, John T Anderson, Mark T Donnelly, J Graham Williams, Edwin T Swarbrick
Journal: Gut (2012)

To perform a comprehensive audit of all colonoscopy undertaken in the UK over a 2-week period.Multi-centre survey. All adult (≥16 years of age) colonoscopies that took place in participating National Health Service hospitals between 28 February 2011 and 11 March 2011 were included.Data on 20,085 colonoscopies and 2681 colonoscopists were collected from 302 units. A validation exercise indicated that data were collected on over 94% of all procedures performed nationally. The unadjusted caecal intubation rate (CIR) was 92.3%. When adjusted for impassable strictures and poor bowel preparation the CIR was 95.8%. The polyp detection rate was 32.1%. The polyp detection rate for larger polyps (≥10 mm diameter) was 11.7%. 92.3% of resected polyps were retrieved. 90.2% of procedures achieved acceptable levels of patient comfort. A total of eight perforations and 52 significant haemorrhages were reported. Eight patients underwent surgery as a consequence of a complication.This is the first national audit of colonoscopy that has successfully captured the majority of adult colonoscopies performed across an entire nation during a defined time period. The data confirm that there has been a significant improvement in the performance of colonoscopy in the UK since the last study reported seven years ago (CIR 76.9%) and that performance is above the required national standards.