tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary components that regulate serum somatomedin-C concentrations in humans.
Authors: W L Isley, L E Underwood, D R Clemmons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Dietary components responsible for the regulation of somatomedin-C in humans were assessed in five adult volunteers of normal weight who were fasted for 5 d on three occasions, then refed three diets of differing composition. The serum somatomedin-C decreased from a mean prefasting value of 1.85 +/- 0.39 U/ml (+/- 1 SD) to 0.67 +/- 0.16 U/ml at the end of fasting (P less than 0.005). After refeeding for 5 d with a normal diet, the mean serum somatomedin-C increased to 1.26 +/- 0.20 U/ml. A protein-deficient (32% of control), isocaloric diet resulted in a significantly smaller increase, to a mean value of 0.90 +/- 0.24 U/ml (P less than 0.05). A diet deficient in both protein and energy led to a further fall 0.31 +/- 0.06 U/ml. The changes in somatomedin-C during fasting and refeeding correlated significantly with mean daily nitrogen balance (r = 0.90). We conclude that both protein and energy intake are regulators of serum somatomedin-C concentrations in adult humans, and energy intake may be of greater importance. The correlation between changes in somatomedin-C and nitrogen balance suggests that the former are directly related to changes in protein synthesis and may be helpful in assessing the response to nutritional therapy.
Low-Level Radioactive Waste From U.S. Biomedical and Academic Institutions: Policies, Strategies, and Solutions
Authors: A Wilkerson, R C Klein, E Party, E L Gershey
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1989)

what the waste is but rather with the public's perception of it. In the public's view, radioactivity is most often associated with destructive processes, e.g. nuclear weapons. Unlike the US experience with defense waste, only one, insignificant exposure to the public has resulted from LLRW. This exposure had no health consequences. While the public may be more accepting of waste derived from medical procedures, it has failed to recognize that the continuation of nuclear medicine and research depcnds upon solutions for
PROGNOSTIC MARKER ANALYSIS IN PEDIATRIC POSTERIOR FOSSA EPENDYMOMAS
Authors: R. E. McLendon, E. Lipp, S. Gururangan, H. Fuchs, D. Zagzag, J. Herndon, P. Healy
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: NELL2 expression has been shown to identify patients with posterior fossa ependymomas (PFEp) that exhibit prolonged survivals. We analyzed expression NELL2; KI-67; Tenascin C; CD34; VEGF; and CA IX as well as vascular density against post-operative survival (Progression Free and Overall Survival; PFS, OS) in 31 patients under the age of 22 years. METHODS: PFEp from patients aged 22 years or less were studied. H&E sections were reviewed for grade and vascular status and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to determine NELL2; KI-67; Tenascin C; CD34; VEGF; and CA IX status. RESULTS: 3 WHO Grade I, 19 Grade II and 9 Grade III PFEp were studied. Median follow-up time was 9.0 years; median survival was 6.1 years. NELL2 status correlated with PFS (Log Rank P-Value: 0.0220) and exhibited a strong trend towards prolonged OS (Log rank p = 0.0555). Peri-necrotic CAIX localization correlated with PFS (Log rank = 0.0041) and OS (Log rank p = 0.0010) All patients with a CA IX ≤ 5% total area localization were alive at last follow-up. Perinecrotic CAIX staining was also associated with CD34 density (p = .0057) though not with VEGF expression score. MIB-1 labeling index (LI) correlated with OS (p = 0.0185) and PFS (p = 0.0049). MIB-1 LI and perinecrotic CA IX individually correlated with PFS. The effect of perinecrotic CA IX remained when grade was added to a Cox model predicting PFS. There was a significant difference in the distributions of perinecrotic CA IX as stratified by NELL2 expression (Wilcoxon p = 0.0225) with NELL2 negative tumors exhibiting much stronger CA IX expression. CONCLUSIONS: Immunodetection of NELL2 expression was confirmed as a predictive biomarker for PFS in these tumors. This effect is related to the absence of necrosis, low vascular proliferation, low MIB-1 proliferation index, and the absence of CA IX expression. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Pediatrics.
Ectopic Tooth in the Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Lluís Nisa, Roland Giger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 15-year-old boy was referred for evaluation of recurrent episodes of maxillary and dental pain accompanied by a purulent oral discharge. Examination revealed purulent material draining from a small opening in the gum next to the upper right maxillary first molar.
Similar Nucleotide Excision Repair Capacity in Melanocytes and Melanoma Cells
Authors: Shobhan Gaddameedhi, Michael G. Kemp, Joyce T. Reardon, Janiel M. Shields, Stephanie L. Smith-Roe, William K. Kaufmann, Aziz Sancar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Sunlight UV exposure produces DNA photoproducts in skin that are repaired solely by nucleotide excision repair in humans. A significant fraction of melanomas are thought to result from UV-induced DNA damage that escapes repair; however, little evidence is available about the functional capacity of normal human melanocytes, malignant melanoma cells, and metastatic melanoma cells to repair UV-induced photoproducts in DNA. In this study, we measured nucleotide excision repair in both normal melanocytes and a panel of melanoma cell lines. Our results show that in 11 of 12 melanoma cell lines tested, UV photoproduct repair occurred as efficiently as in primary melanocytes. Importantly, repair capacity was not affected by mutation in the N-RAS or B-RAF oncogenes, nor was a difference observed between a highly metastatic melanoma cell line (A375SM) or its parental line (A375P). Lastly, we found that although p53 status contributed to photoproduct removal efficiency, its role did not seem to be mediated by enhanced expression or activity of DNA binding protein DDB2. We concluded that melanoma cells retain capacity for nucleotide excision repair, the loss of which probably does not commonly contribute to melanoma progression.
The management of ingrowing toenails
Authors: D. H. Park, D. Singh
Journal: BMJ (2012)

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#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline (PubMed), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Cochrane central register of controlled trials, and CINAHL using the search terms “ingrowing toenails”, “ingrown toenails”, and “onychocryptosis”. We identified additional literature from the references of identified papers. In addition, we consulted standard orthopaedic textbooks on the subject and reviewed the main references quoted.

Ingrowing toenails are a common condition that causes pain and disability in the foot. The condition occurs when the nail plate traumatises the nail fold, giving rise to pain, inflammation, or infection (or a combination thereof). It commonly occurs in the great toe but can also affect the lesser toes. Patients with ingrowing toenails are usually male, between the ages of 15 and 40 years; they are often encountered in general practice, with an estimated 10 000 new cases presenting in the United Kingdom each year.1 The condition is managed by a wide variety of healthcare professionals including general practitioners, podiatrists, dermatologists, general surgeons, and orthopaedic surgeons. The surgical treatments for ingrowing toenails include procedures on the nail plate, the nail bed (germinal matrix), and the surrounding soft tissues. Historically, a recurrence rate of 13-50% has been reported after surgical treatment,2 although more recent papers have reported recurrence rates of less than 5%, particularly with the use of wedge resection of the nail and phenol ablation …
Endotoxin-neutralizing properties of the 25 kD N-terminal fragment and a newly isolated 30 kD C-terminal fragment of the 55-60 kD bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein of human neutrophils.
Authors: C E Ooi, J Weiss, M E Doerfler, P Elsbach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is a potent cytotoxin, specific for Gram-negative bacteria, that also inhibits endotoxin activity by neutralizing isolated bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We have previously shown that an isolated 25 kD N-terminal fragment of human BPI carries all the antibacterial activities of the parent 55-60 kD molecule. In this study we have compared the LPS-neutralizing activities of human holo-BPI, the N-terminal fragment and a 30 kD C-terminal fragment that we have now isolated. We show that the N-terminal fragment also has LPS-neutralizing activity as detected by inhibition (up to 95%) of (a) activation by LPS of procoagulant proteases in Limulus amebocyte lysates, (b) LPS "priming" of PMN, and (c) LPS-mediated production of tumor necrosis factor in whole human blood. Holo-BPI and the 25 kD fragment have similar neutralizing potency (in nanomolar range) in all assays toward "smooth" LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4 and O55:B5 (possessing long chain polysaccharide or O-antigen), and "deep rough" LPS from Salmonella minnesota Re595 mutant (possessing no O-antigen). The C-terminal fragment of BPI is devoid of antibacterial activity when tested against BPI-sensitive E. coli J5, but does have endotoxin-neutralizing activity. This activity is weak relative to holo-BPI and the 25 kD N-terminal fragment in the Limulus and PMN-priming assay, but is comparable for inhibition of TNF production in whole blood. We conclude that the principal determinants for LPS recognition and neutralization, like those for antibacterial action, reside in the N-terminal half of the BPI molecule, but that sites within the C-terminal half can also contribute to BPI-LPS interaction once LPS is detached from the bacterial envelope.
Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on birthweight and gestational duration in Nepal: double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: David Osrin, Anjana Vaidya, Yagya Shrestha, Ram Bahadur Baniya, Dharma S Manandhar, Ramesh K Adhikari, Suzanne Filteau, Andrew Tomkins, Anthony M de L Costello
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
Front-Line Transplantation Program With Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone Combination As Induction and Consolidation Followed by Lenalidomide Maintenance in Patients With Multiple Myeloma: A Phase II Study by the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome
Authors: Murielle Roussel, Valérie Lauwers-Cances, Nelly Robillard, Cyrille Hulin, Xavier Leleu, Lotfi Benboubker, Gérald Marit, Philippe Moreau, Brigitte Pegourie, Denis Caillot, Christophe Fruchart, Anne-Marie Stoppa, Catherine Gentil, Soraya Wuilleme, Anne Huynh, Benjamin Hebraud, Jill Corre, Marie-Lorraine Chretien, Thierry Facon, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Michel Attal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose The three-drug combination of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) has shown significant efficacy in multiple myeloma (MM). The Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM) decided to evaluate RVD induction and consolidation therapies in a sequential intensive strategy for previously untreated transplantation-eligible patients with MM. Patients and Methods In this phase II study, 31 symptomatic patients age &lt; 65 years were enrolled to receive three RVD induction cycles followed by cyclophosphamide harvest and transplantation. Patients subsequently received two RVD consolidation cycles and 1-year lenalidomide maintenance. Results Very good partial response rate or better at the completion of induction, transplantation, and consolidation therapy was 58%, 70%, and 87%, respectively. Maintenance upgraded responses in 27% of patients. Overall, 58% of patients achieved complete response, and 68% were minimal residual disease (MRD) negative by flow cytometry. The most common toxicities with RVD were neurologic and hematologic, including grade 1 to 2 sensory neuropathy (55%), grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (35%), and thrombocytopenia (13%). Two basal cell carcinomas in the same patient and one case of breast cancer were observed. There was no treatment-related mortality. With a median follow-up of 39 months, estimated 3-year progression-free and overall survival were 77% and 100%, respectively. None of the patients who achieved MRD negativity relapsed. Conclusion The transplantation program with RVD induction and consolidation followed by lenalidomide maintenance produced high-quality responses and showed favorable tolerability in patients with newly diagnosed MM. Overall, 68% of patients achieved MRD negativity; none of these patients relapsed. This program is being evaluated in the ongoing IFM/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 2009 phase III study.
Assessment of Global Incidence and Mortality of Hospital-treated Sepsis. Current Estimates and Limitations
Authors: Carolin Fleischmann, André Scherag, Neill K. J. Adhikari, Christiane S. Hartog, Thomas Tsaganos, Peter Schlattmann, Derek C. Angus, Konrad Reinhart
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Reducing the global burden of sepsis, a recognized global health challenge, requires comprehensive data on the incidence and mortality on a global scale.Objectives: To estimate the worldwide incidence and mortality of sepsis and identify knowledge gaps based on available evidence from observational studies.Methods: We systematically searched 15 international citation databases for population-level estimates of sepsis incidence rates and fatality in adult populations using consensus criteria and published in the last 36 years.Measurements and Main Results: The search yielded 1,553 reports from 1979 to 2015, of which 45 met our criteria. A total of 27 studies from seven high-income countries provided data for metaanalysis. For these countries, the population incidence rate was 288 (95% confidence interval [CI], 215–386; τ = 0.55) for hospital-treated sepsis cases and 148 (95% CI, 98–226; τ = 0.99) for hospital-treated severe sepsis cases per 100,000 person-years. Restricted to the last decade, the incidence rate was 437 (95% CI, 334–571; τ = 0.38) for sepsis and 270 (95% CI, 176–412; τ = 0.60) for severe sepsis cases per 100,000 person-years. Hospital mortality was 17% for sepsis and 26% for severe sepsis during this period. There were no population-level sepsis incidence estimates from lower-income countries, which limits the prediction of global cases and deaths. However, a tentative extrapolation from high-income country data suggests global estimates of 31.5 million sepsis and 19.4 million severe sepsis cases, with potentially 5.3 million deaths annually.Conclusions: Population-level epidemiologic data for sepsis are scarce and nonexistent for low- and middle-income countries. Our analyses underline the urgent need to implement global strategies to measure sepsis morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Molecular Variants of KCNQ Channels Expressed in Murine Portal Vein Myocytes
Authors: Susumu Ohya, Gerard P. Sergeant, Iain A. Greenwood, Burton Horowitz
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

We have analyzed the expression of KCNQ genes in murine portal vein myocytes and determined that of the 5 known KCNQ channels, only KCNQ1 was expressed. In addition to the full-length KCNQ1 transcript, a novel spliced form (termed KCNQ1b) was detected that had a 63 amino acid truncation at the C-terminus. KCNQ1b was not detected in heart or brain but represented approximately half the KCNQ1 transcripts expressed in PV. Antibodies specific for KCNQ1a stained cell membranes from portal vein myocytes and HEK cells expressing the channel. However, because the antibodies were generated against an epitope in the deleted, C-terminal portion of the protein, these antibodies did not stain HEK cells expressing KCNQ1b. In murine portal vein myocytes, in the presence of 5 mmol/L 4-aminopyridine, an outwardly rectifying K + current was recorded that was sensitive to linopirdine, a specific blocker of KCNQ channels. Currents produced by the heterologous expression of KCNQ1a or KCNQ1b were inhibited by similar concentrations of linopirdine, and linopirdine prolonged the time-course of the action potential in isolated portal vein myocytes. Our data suggest that these two KCNQ1 splice forms are expressed in murine portal vein and contribute to the delayed rectifier current in these myocytes.
Medicare Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Have a High Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and a High Rate of Progression to End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: William M. McClellan, Robert D. Langston, Rodney Presley
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

ABSTRACT. The risk of progression to ESRD among individuals with cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not well defined. The purpose of this study was to describe the risk of ESRD among patients with cardiovascular disease. Charts were abstracted for randomly selected hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of either congestive heart failure (CHF) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The prevalence of CKD, based on the estimated modified diet in renal disease GFR of <60 ml/min per m2, was 60.4% of CHF patients and 51.7% of AMI patients. When compared with patients without CKD, the 30-d readmission rate was higher for CHF patients with CKD (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 2.44) and for AMI patients with CKD (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.70). CHF patients (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.30) and AMI patients (OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.98 to 4.84) with CKD were more likely to die during the year after discharge from the hospital. ESRD after discharge occurred in nine of 517 patients with AMI and 24 of 640 patients with CHF. CKD increased the risk of ESRD among CHF patients (OR, 34.5; 95% CI, 4.23 to 279.43) and AMI patients (0 and 3% for those without and with CKD, respectively). At discharge, 18% of AMI patients and 21% of CHF patients with CKD were discharged with a diagnosis of renal disease. CKD is highly prevalent among patients with cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes, including progression to ESRD. This study suggests that opportunities may exist to improve the detection of CKD in these patients who are hospitalized with cardiovascular disease.
Syntaxin 1A is expressed in airway epithelial cells, where it modulates CFTR Cl– currents
Authors: Anjaparavanda P. Naren, Anke Di, Estelle Cormet-Boyaka, Prosper N. Boyaka, Jerry R. McGhee, Weihong Zhou, Kimio Akagawa, Tomonori Fujiwara, Ulrich Thome, John F. Engelhardt, Deborah J. Nelson, Kevin L. Kirk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The CFTR Cl– channel controls salt and water transport across epithelial tissues. Previously, we showed that CFTR-mediated Cl– currents in the Xenopus oocyte expression system are inhibited by syntaxin 1A, a component of the membrane trafficking machinery. This negative modulation of CFTR function can be reversed by soluble syntaxin 1A peptides and by the syntaxin 1A binding protein, Munc-18. In the present study, we determined whether syntaxin 1A is expressed in native epithelial tissues that normally express CFTR and whether it modulates CFTR currents in these tissues. Using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, we observed syntaxin 1A in native gut and airway epithelial tissues and showed that epithelial cells from these tissues express syntaxin 1A at >10-fold molar excess over CFTR. Syntaxin 1A is seen near the apical cell surfaces of human bronchial airway epithelium. Reagents that disrupt the CFTR-syntaxin 1A interaction, including soluble syntaxin 1A cytosolic domain and recombinant Munc-18, augmented cAMP-dependent CFTR Cl– currents by more than 2- to 4-fold in mouse tracheal epithelial cells and cells derived from human nasal polyps, but these reagents did not affect CaMK II–activated Cl– currents in these cells.
Detection of a mediator derived from endotoxin-stimulated macrohpages that induces the acute phase serum amyloid A response in mice.
Authors: J D Sipe, S N Vogel, J L Ryan, K P McAdam, D L Rosenstreich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The mechanism by which LPS stimulates an acute phase serum amyloid A (SAA) response in C3H mice has been studied. A factor (SAA inducer) appears in the blood of C3H/HeN (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-sensitive) mice approximately 1 h after administration of LPS, which, when passively administered, can induce C3H/HeJ mice to produce SAA although they are resistant to the LPS itself. SAA inducer has been detected in the culture medium of LPS treated C3H/HeN macrophages but not spleen cells. Thus, two stages in the induction of the acute phase SAA response are now recognized: a latent period of 2-3 h during which the SAA concentration remains at baseline values and in which SAA inducer appears, and the period of synthesis of SAA which lasts for approoximately 24 h past induction. It is proposed that a macrophage response to LPS is responsible for production of the serum mediator which induces SAA synthesis.
EVALUATION OF THE "LONG CHAIN REACTION" AS A MEANS FOR DETECTING TYPE-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY TO GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI IN HUMAN SERA
Authors: Gene H. Stollerman, Alan C. Siegel, Eloise E. Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Certain strains of Group A streptococci showed striking increase in chain length when grown in liquid media to which was added human sera that contained antibody to M protein of homologous type. This "long chain reaction" was shown to be a highly specific and sensitive biological test for human type-specific antibody and correlated closely with the classical bactericidal test. Patients infected with Type 12 or Type 3 Group A streptococci showed the appearance of anti-M antibody in their sera by both methods at similar intervals during convalescence. Of 217 sera studied in these patients the two tests showed agreement in all but 11 specimens. Of 99 patients who were bled serially following Type 12 or Type 3 infections, and whose sera were tested by both methods, there was close agreement, the bactericidal test being only slightly more sensitive. The advantages and limitations of this new biological test for human type-specific immunity are discussed.