tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of patency capsule in patients with established Crohn’s disease
Authors: Artur Nemeth, Uri Kopylov, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Gabriele Wurm Johansson, Henrik Thorlacius, Devendra Amre, Rami Eliakim, Ernest Seidman, Ervin Toth
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims</b>: Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is invaluable in the diagnosis of small-bowel pathology. Capsule retention is a major concern in patients with Crohn's disease. The patency capsule was designed to evaluate small-bowel patency before VCE. However, the actual benefit of the patency capsule test in Crohn's disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of patency capsule use on the risk of video capsule retention in patients with established Crohn's disease. <b>Patients and methods:</b> This was a retrospective, multicenter study of patients with established Crohn's disease who underwent VCE for clinical need. The utilization strategy for the patency capsule was classified as selective (only in patients with obstructive symptoms, history of intestinal obstruction or surgery, or per treating physician's request) or nonselective (all patients with Crohn's disease). The main outcome was video capsule retention in the entire cohort and within each utilization strategy. <b>Results:</b> A total of 406 patients who were referred for VCE were included in the study. VCE was performed in 132 /406 patients (32.5 %) without a prior patency capsule test. The patency capsule test was performed in 274 /406 patients (67.5 %) and was negative in 193 patients. Overall, VCE was performed in 343 patients and was retained in the small bowel in 8 (2.3 %). In this cohort, the risk of video capsule retention in the small bowel was 1.5 % without use of a prior patency capsule and 2.1 % after a negative patency test (<i>P</i> = 0.9). A total of 18 patients underwent VCE after a positive patency capsule test, with a retention rate of 11.1 % (<i>P</i> = 0.01). Patency capsule administration strategy (selective vs. nonselective) was not associated with the risk of video capsule retention. <b>Conclusions:</b> Capsule retention is a rare event in patients with established Crohn's disease undergoing VCE. The risk of video capsule retention was not reduced by the nonselective use of the patency capsule. Furthermore, VCE after a positive patency capsule test in patients with Crohn's disease was associated with a high risk of video capsule retention.
Molecular evidence for the rapid propagation of mouse t haplotypes from a single, recent, ancestral chromosome.
Authors: L M Silver, M Hammer, H Fox, J Garrels, M Bucan, B Herrmann, A M Frischauf, H Lehrach, H Winking, F Figueroa
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

Mouse t haplotypes are variant forms of chromosome 17 that exist at high frequencies in worldwide populations of two species of commensal mice. To determine both the relationship of t haplotypes to each other and the species within which they exist, 35 representative t haplotypes were analyzed by means of 10 independent molecular probes, including five DNA clones and five polypeptide spots identified by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. All of the tested haplotypes were found to share restriction fragments and polypeptide spots that are absent in mice carrying wild-type forms of chromosome 17. This observation provides the first direct evidence that all of the known t haplotypes are descendents of a single ancestral chromosome. The absence of variation among t haplotypes could mean that this ancestral chromosome existed relatively recently, in which case it would be necessary to postulate introgressions of t haplotypes across species lines to explain their presence in both Mus domesticus and M. musculus. Alternatively, it is possible that the ancestral chromosome existed prior to the split between M. domesticus and M. musculus and that, by chance, our probes fail to detect polymorphisms that exist among the t haplotypes. A further result of our analysis is the characterization of a partial t haplotype in a wild population of Israeli mice.
Improved quality of life with megestrol acetate in patients with endocrine-insensitive advanced cancer: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: E. Beller, M. Tattersall, T. Lumley, J. Levi, D. Dalley, I. Olver, J. Page, E. Abdi, C. Wynne, M. Friedlander, D. Boadle, H. Wheeler, S. Margrie, R.J. Simes
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Single-Cell Network Profiliing (SCNP) Signatures Independently Predict Response to Induction Therapy In Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Authors: Alessandra Cesano, Santosh Putta, Urte Gayko, James Hackett, David B. Rosen, Larry Cripe, Zhuoxin Sun, Hajime Uno, Mark R. Litzow, Martin S. Tallman, Elisabeth Paietta
Journal: Blood (2010)
Respiratory consequences of fluid replacement with autologous blood or colloid solution after acute haemorrhage in rats
Authors: Ferenc Petak, Dorottya Czovek, Camille Doras, Gergely Fodor, Sam Bayat, Walid Habre, Barna Babik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Acute haemorrhage and blood replacement modulate airway resistance (Bayat, S. et al. J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:458-64). We aimed at: i) developing a blood loss/replacement model without inducing severe hypovolemia and ii) comparing the respiratory mechanical consequences of blood replacement with colloid or autologous blood. Anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats were bled in two steps until losing 10% of their total blood volume (TBV). 5% of the sequestered blood was then replaced with either the animals’ own heparinized blood (n=7) or colloid (6% HES, n=5). Removal/replacement of 5% of TBV was then repeated 4 times (Figure, top). Arterial haematocrit levels (Hct) were evaluated. Airway resistance (Raw), constant-phase tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) were assessed by forced oscillations at each step. Only colloid replacement decreased Hct (30.1±1[SE]% vs. 20.4±2%, p=0.02). Blood removal decreased Raw and increased G and H (p  We conclude that readministration of autologous blood does not reverse the haemorrhage-induced bronchodilation that can be either due to the relaxation potential of heparin and/or presence of bronchoactive mediators in the sequestered blood.  Grant support: TAMOP 4.2.4.A/2-11-1-2012-0001, OTKA K81179.
Lung Defense Mechanisms
Authors: M. Newhouse, J. Sanchis, J. Bienenstock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

One of the most important functions of the lung, aside from its role in gas exchange and metabolism, is the provision of an essential biologic barrier between man and his environment.1 Of fundamental importance is the way in which the airways and lung parenchyma prevent entry of and neutralize or remove injurious agents, tasks performed so efficiently that the lung is normally sterile from the first bronchial division to terminal lung units.Aerodynamic FiltrationInhaled particles may be deposited in the respiratory tract as a result of impaction, sedimentation, Brownian motion,2 turbulent diffusion3 and, to a . . .
Clinical course of untreated cerebral cavernous malformations: a meta-analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Margaret A Horne, Kelly D Flemming, I-Chang Su, Christian Stapf, Jin Pyeong Jeon, Da Li, Susanne S Maxwell, Philip White, Teresa J Christianson, Ronit Agid, Won-Sang Cho, Chang Wan Oh, Zhen Wu, Jun-Ting Zhang, Jeong Eun Kim, Karel ter Brugge, Robert Willinsky, Robert D Brown, Gordon D Murray, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2015)

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) can cause symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), but the estimated risks are imprecise and predictors remain uncertain. We aimed to obtain precise estimates and predictors of the risk of ICH during untreated follow-up in an individual patient data meta-analysis.
Pathogenetic mechanisms involved in viral-induced exacerbations of COPD
Authors: A Singanayagam
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Viruses have been shown to be important causes of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Evidence suggests that innate immune responses play a key role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed individuals. However, the precise immune pathways and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns that trigger these responses have not been …
WITHDRAWN: Antiurolithiatic activity of Alternanthera tenella Colla in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats
Authors: Sahithi Adepu, Raviraj Anand Devkar, Shilpee Chaudhary, Manganahalli Manjunath Setty
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Liver ChIP-seq analysis in FGF19-treated mice reveals SHP as a global transcriptional partner of SREBP-2
Authors: Young-Chae Kim, Sangwon Byun, Yang Zhang, Sunmi Seok, Byron Kemper, Jian Ma, Jongsook Kim Kemper
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

Fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19) is an intestinal hormone that mediates postprandial metabolic responses in the liver. The unusual orphan nuclear receptor, small heterodimer partner (SHP), acts as a co-repressor for many transcriptional factors and has been implicated in diverse biological pathways including FGF19-mediated repression of bile acid synthesis. To explore global functions of SHP in mediating FGF19 action, we identify genome-wide SHP binding sites in hepatic chromatin in mice treated with vehicle or FGF19 by ChIP-seq analysis. The overall pattern of SHP binding sites between these two groups is similar, but SHP binding is enhanced at the sites by addition of FGF19. SHP binding is detected preferentially in promoter regions that are enriched in motifs for unexpected non-nuclear receptors. We observe global co-localization of SHP sites with published sites for SREBP-2, a master transcriptional activator of cholesterol biosynthesis. FGF19 increases functional interaction between endogenous SHP and SREBP-2 and inhibits SREBP-2 target genes, and these effects were blunted in SHP-knockout mice. Furthermore, FGF19-induced phosphorylation of SHP at Thr-55 is shown to be important for its functional interaction with SREBP-2 and reduction of liver/serum cholesterol levels. This study reveals SHP as a global transcriptional partner of SREBP-2 in regulation of sterol biosynthetic gene networks and provides a potential mechanism for cholesterol-lowering action of FGF19.
Neighborhoods and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jeannie B. Concha, Briana Mezuk
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The ARBITER 6-HALTS Trial (Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol 6–HDL and LDL Treatment Strategies in Atherosclerosis)
Authors: Todd C. Villines, Eric J. Stanek, Patrick J. Devine, Mark Turco, Michael Miller, Neil J. Weissman, Len Griffen, Allen J. Taylor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Inhaled nitric oxide for acute chest syndrome in adult sickle cell patients: a randomized controlled study
Authors: B. Maitre, M. Djibre, S. Katsahian, A. Habibi, K. Stankovic Stojanovic, M. Khellaf, I. Bourgeon, F. Lionnet, A. Charles-Nelson, L. Brochard, F. Lemaire, F. Galacteros, C. Brun-Buisson, M. Fartoukh, A. Mekontso Dessap
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Pancreatic Cancer Metabolism: Breaking It Down to Build It Back Up
Authors: Rushika M. Perera, Nabeel Bardeesy
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

How do cancer cells escape tightly controlled regulatory circuits that link their proliferation to extracellular nutrient cues? An emerging theme in cancer biology is the hijacking of normal stress response mechanisms to enable growth even when nutrients are limiting. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the quintessential aggressive malignancy that thrives in nutrient-poor, hypoxic environments. PDAs overcome these limitations through appropriation of unorthodox strategies for fuel source acquisition and utilization. In addition, the interplay between evolving PDA and whole-body metabolism contributes to disease pathogenesis. Deciphering how these pathways function and integrate with one another can reveal novel angles of therapeutic attack.Alterations in tumor cell and systemic metabolism are central to the biology of pancreatic cancer. Further investigation of these processes will provide important insights into how these tumors develop and grow, and suggest new approaches for its detection, prevention, and treatment.
Interventions to Improve Adherence to Self-administered Medications for Chronic Diseases in the United States
Authors: Meera Viswanathan, Carol E. Golin, Christine D. Jones, Mahima Ashok, Susan J. Blalock, David L. Rosen, Priyanka Sista, Kathleen N. Lohr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

This review examined the comparative effectiveness of patient, provider, systems, and policy interventions to improve medication adherence for chronic conditions. It found evidence that reduced out...
C9orf72 BAC Transgenic Mice Display Typical Pathologic Features of ALS/FTD
Authors: Jacqueline G. O’Rourke, Laurent Bogdanik, A.K.M.G. Muhammad, Tania F. Gendron, Kevin J. Kim, Andrew Austin, Janet Cady, Elaine Y. Liu, Jonah Zarrow, Sharday Grant, Ritchie Ho, Shaughn Bell, Sharon Carmona, Megan Simpkinson, Deepti Lall, Kathryn Wu, Lillian Daughrity, Dennis W. Dickson, Matthew B. Harms, Leonard Petrucelli, Edward B. Lee, Cathleen M. Lutz, Robert H. Baloh
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Evolution of cytochrome P-450 proteins.
Authors: D R Nelson, H W Strobel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

Thirty-four cytochrome P-450 sequences from one bacterial and six vertebrate species have been aligned with the aid of a computer alignment algorithm. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the unweighted-pair-group and neighbor-joining methods. The two trees differed at only a single branch point near the base of the tree. The cytochrome P-450 superfamily of proteins clustered into eight families and contained 16 gene-duplication events. The first gene duplication occurred approximately 1,360 Myr before the present (Mybp) and gave rise to cytochrome P-450s found in two different cellular organelles, the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Both groups utilize cholesterol or its metabolites as substrates, implying that cholesterol existed greater than 1,360 Mybp. The fourth gene duplication (approximately 900 Mybp) gave rise to the drug-metabolizing P-450s. These proteins aid in the detoxification of foreign chemicals, as opposed to the metabolism of endogenous compounds. The importance of the capacity to metabolize drugs is reflected in 11 further gene duplications occurring in this lineage. The first occurred approximately 800 Mybp and gave rise to the two major P-450 families, the phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene families. An apparent increase in the rate of cytochrome P-450 evolution is noted between the bird-mammal divergence (300 Mybp) and the mammalian radiation (75 Mybp).
Cognition and Plasma Ratio of Clozapine to<i>N</i>-desmethylclozapine in Patients With Clozapine-Resistant Schizophrenia
Authors: Allen E. Thornton, Ric M. Procyshyn, Alasdair M. Barr, G. William MacEwan, William G. Honer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

The report of Tarek
Association between use of warfarin with common sulfonylureas and serious hypoglycemic events: retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: John A Romley, Cynthia Gong, Anupam B Jena, Dana P Goldman, Bradley Williams, Anne Peters
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Study question</b> Is warfarin use associated with an increased risk of serious hypoglycemic events among older people treated with the sulfonylureas glipizide and glimepiride? <b>Methods</b> This was a retrospective cohort analysis of pharmacy and medical claims from a 20% random sample of Medicare fee for service beneficiaries aged 65 years or older. It included 465 918 beneficiaries with diabetes who filled a prescription for glipizide or glimepiride between 2006 and 2011 (4 355 418 person quarters); 71 895 (15.4%) patients also filled a prescription for warfarin (416 479 person quarters with warfarin use). The main outcome measure was emergency department visit or hospital admission with a primary diagnosis of hypoglycemia in person quarters with concurrent fills of warfarin and glipizide/glimepiride compared with the rates in quarters with glipizide/glimepiride fills only, Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for individual characteristics. Secondary outcomes included fall related fracture and altered consciousness/mental status. <b>Summary answer and limitations</b> In quarters with glipizide/glimepiride use, hospital admissions or emergency department visits for hypoglycemia were more common in person quarters with concurrent warfarin use compared with quarters without warfarin use (294/416 479 <i>v</i> 1903/3 938 939; adjusted odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.42). The risk of hypoglycemia associated with concurrent use was higher among people using warfarin for the first time, as well as in those aged 65-74 years. Concurrent use of warfarin and glipizide/glimepiride was also associated with hospital admission or emergency department visit for fall related fractures (3919/416 479 <i>v</i> 20 759/3 938 939; adjusted odds ratio 1.47, 1.41 to 1.54) and altered consciousness/mental status (2490/416 479 <i>v</i> 14 414/3 938 939; adjusted odds ratio 1.22, 1.16 to 1.29). Unmeasured factors could be correlated with both warfarin use and serious hypoglycemic events, leading to confounding. The findings may not generalize beyond the elderly Medicare population. <b>What this study adds</b> A substantial positive association was seen between use of warfarin with glipizide/glimepiride and hospital admission/emergency department visits for hypoglycemia and related diagnoses, particularly in patients starting warfarin. The findings suggest the possibility of a significant drug interaction between these medications. <b>Funding, competing interests, data sharing</b> JAR and DPG receive support from the National Institute on Aging, the Commonwealth Fund, and the Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics at the University of Southern California. ABJ receives support from the NIH Office of the Director. No additional data are available.
Should patients reach certain knee function benchmarks before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? Does intense ‘prehabilitation’ before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction influence outcome and return to sports?
Authors: M Hägglund, M Waldén, R Thomeé
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains imperfect, as shown by mediocre return to sports results in recent systematic reviews.1 In the March 2015 issue, Grindem et al 2 asked whether intense preoperative rehabilitation could improve outcome after ACL reconstruction. They compared preoperative and 2-year postoperative patient-reported knee function in two different cohorts of patients undergoing primary unilateral ACL reconstruction. One cohort included patients who underwent rehabilitation at a sports medicine clinic, ‘rehabilitation cohort’, and the other cohort consisted of patients in the Norwegian national registry, representing ‘usual care’. Patients in both cohorts were considered similar with respect to sex, age, time to surgery, graft and prevalence of concomitant injuries.

In the rehabilitation cohort, patients underwent an intense 5-week preoperative rehabilitation programme, with the aim to regain at least 90% hamstring and quadriceps strength (as measured isokinetically in a seated position) and 90% hop performance, prior to surgery. ACL reconstruction was performed at one of seven different hospitals. The postoperative rehabilitation was …
PTU-230 Smoking and the risk of symptomatic diverticular disease: a swedish population based cohort study
Authors: DJ Humes, B Jarvholm, JF Ludvigsson
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Current studies reporting on the risk of smoking and development of symptomatic diverticular disease have reported conflicting results.<sup>1,2</sup>The aim of this study was to investigate the association between smoking and symptomatic diverticular disease. <h3>Method</h3> We used data from the Swedish Construction Workers Cohort (persons with a first examination in 1987–1993). These workers answered detailed questionnaires on smoking habits at the time of enrolment. We linked their data to the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register from 1987 to identify hospital admissions for symptomatic diverticular disease. Relative Risks (RRs) of symptomatic diverticular disease according to smoking status were estimated using Poisson regression and adjusted for age, body mass index and socioeconomic status. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 64640 men with a median age of 28.8 years. During follow-up 597 (0.9%) men were diagnosed with symptomatic diverticular disease. Heavy smokers (&gt;15 cigarettes a day) had a 1.8 fold increased risk of developing symptomatic diverticular disease compared to non-smokers (adjusted RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.43–2.23). There was evidence of a dose response relationship as moderate and ex-smokers had a 1.5 and 1.4 fold increased risk compared to non-smokers (adjusted RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14–1.93 and adjusted RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06–1.86). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Smoking is associated with symptomatic diverticular disease. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Aldoori WH, Giovannucci EL, Rimm EB, Wing AL, Trichopoulos DV, Willett WC. A prospective study of alcohol, smoking, caffeine, and the risk of symptomatic diverticular disease in men. Ann Epidemiol. 1995;5(3):221–8 Hjern F, Wolk A, Håkansson N. Smoking and the risk of diverticular disease in women. Br J Surg. 2011;98(7):997–1002