tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute giardiasis: historic cohort study
Authors: Knut-Arne Wensaas, Nina Langeland, Kurt Hanevik, Kristine Mørch, Geir Egil Eide, Guri Rortveit
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> <i>Giardia lamblia</i> is a common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, but there is limited knowledge about the long-term complications. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the relative risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute giardiasis. <h3>Design</h3> Controlled historic cohort study with 3 years9 follow-up. Data collected by mailed questionnaire. <h3>Setting</h3> Waterborne outbreak of giardiasis in the city of Bergen, Norway. <h3>Participants</h3> 817 patients exposed to <i>Giardia lamblia</i> infection verified by detection of cysts in stool samples and 1128 matched controls. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> IBS and chronic fatigue. <h3>Results</h3> The prevalence of IBS in the exposed group was 46.1%, compared with 14.0% in the control group, and the adjusted RR=3.4 (95% CI 2.9 to 3.8). Chronic fatigue was reported by 46.1% of the exposed group and 12.0% of the controls, the adjusted RR was 4.0 (95% CI 3.5 to 4.5). IBS and chronic fatigue were associated and the RR for the exposed group of having a combination of the two outcomes was 6.8 (95% CI 5.3 to 8.5). The RR was also increased for having just one of the two syndromes, 1.8 for IBS (95% CI 1.4 to 2.3) and 2.2 for chronic fatigue (95% CI 1.7 to 2.8). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Infection with <i>Giardia lamblia</i> in a non-endemic area was associated with a high prevalence of IBS and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute illness, and the risk was significantly higher than in the control group. This shows that the potential consequences of giardiasis are more serious than previously known. Further studies are needed, especially in areas where giardiasis is endemic.
Sweat gland bioelectrics differ in cystic fibrosis: a new concept for potential diagnosis and assessment of CFTR function in cystic fibrosis
Authors: T Gonska, W Ip, D Turner, W S Han, J Rose, P Durie, P Quinton
Journal: Thorax (2009)

<h3>Background:</h3> For nearly 50 years the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) has depended on measurements of sweat chloride concentration. While the validity of this test is universally accepted, increasing diagnostic challenges and the search for adequate biomarker assays to support curative-orientated clinical drug trials have created a new demand for accurate, reliable and more practical CF tests. A novel concept is proposed that may provide a more efficient real-time method for assessing CFTR function in vivo. <h3>Methods:</h3> Cholinergic and β-adrenergic agonists were iontophoresed to stimulate sweating. The bioelectric potential from stimulated sweat glands (SPD) was measured in vivo using a standard ECG electrode applied to the skin surface. SPD and sweat chloride concentrations were compared in cohorts predicted to express a range of CFTR function as presented by healthy controls (HC), heterozygotes (Hz), pancreatic sufficient (CFPS) and pancreatic insufficient patients with CF (CFPI). <h3>Results:</h3> The median SPD was hyperpolarised in patients with CF compared with control subjects (−47.4 mV vs −14.5 mV, p&lt;0.001). In distinguishing between control and CF subjects, SPD (area under receiver operator curve (AUC) = 0.997) was similar to sweat chloride concentration (AUC = 0.986). Sequential cholinergic/β-adrenergic sweat stimulation dramatically depolarised the SPD in patients with CF (p&lt;0.001) but had no effect in control subjects (p = 0.6) or on the sweat chloride concentration in either group (p&gt;0.5). Furthermore, the positive SPD response was larger in CFPI than in CFPS subjects (p = 0.04). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> These results support the concept that skin surface voltages arising from stimulated sweat glands can be exploited to assess expressed CFTR function in vivo and may prove to be a useful diagnostic tool.
Safety and Pharmacokinetic Effects of TNP-470, an Angiogenesis Inhibitor, Combined With Paclitaxel in Patients With Solid Tumors: Evidence for Activity in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Roy S. Herbst, Timothy L. Madden, Hai T. Tran, George R. Blumenschein, Christina A. Meyers, Lee F. Seabrooke, Fadlo R. Khuri, Vinay K. Puduvalli, Victoria Allgood, Herbert A. Fritsche, Leslie Hinton, Robert A. Newman, Elizabeth A. Crane, Frank V. Fossella, Margaret Dordal, Thomas Goodin, Waun Ki Hong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Preclinical studies suggested that the antiangiogenic agent TNP-470 was synergistic with cytotoxic therapy. TNP-470 was administered with paclitaxel to adults with solid tumors to define the safety and optimal dose of the combination regimen and to assess pharmacokinetic interactions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients were enrolled chronologically onto one of two treatment arms. Arm A involved a fixed TNP-470 dose with escalating doses of paclitaxel, and Arm B involved a fixed paclitaxel dose with escalating doses of TNP-470. Paclitaxel and TNP-470 pharmacokinetics were evaluated along with toxicity. RESULTS: The combination of TNP-470 administered at 60 mg/m 2 three times per week and paclitaxel 225 mg/m 2 administered over 3 hours every 3 weeks was defined as both the maximum-tolerated dose and the optimal dose. Myelosuppression was similar to that expected with paclitaxel alone. Mild to moderate neurocognitive impairment was observed; however, the majority of changes were subclinical and reversible as determined by prestudy and poststudy neuropsychiatric test results. A clinically insignificant decrease of paclitaxel clearance was observed for the combination. Median survival for all patients was 14.1 months. Partial responses were reported in eight (25%) of 32 patients and in six (38%) of 16 patients with NSCLC, 60% of whom had received prior chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The combination of TNP-470 and paclitaxel, each at full single-agent dose, seems well tolerated, with minimal pharmacokinetic interaction between the two agents. Further studies of TNP-470 with chemotherapy regimens are warranted in NSCLC and other solid tumors.
IL-33 Induces Cytokine Production By Lineage-Committed Myeloid Progenitors and Positively Regulates Eosinophil Hematopoiesis in IL-5-Dependent Manner
Authors: Hirofumi Tsuzuki, Yojiro Arinobu, Kohta Miyawaki, Shun-ichiro Ota, Ayako Takaki, Naoko Ueki, Yuri Ota, Siamak Jabbarzadeh Tabrizi, Takanori Teshima, Mitsuteru Akahoshi, Hiroaki Niiro, Hiroshi Tsukamoto, Takahiko Horiuchi, Koichi Akashi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Effect of parenteral amino acid supplementation on short-term and long-term outcomes in severe alcoholic hepatitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Esteban Mezey, Joan Caballería, Mack C. Mitchell, Albert Parés, Franklin H. Herlong, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The effect of parenteral amino acid administration on nutritional state, liver function and mortality was assessed in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Twenty-eight patients received 2 l/day of a solution of dextrose (65 gm/L) and amino acids (25.8 gm/L) for 1 mo, whereas 26 received only the dextrose solution. All patients were allowed to eat a standard hospital diet. During the month in the hospital, there were six deaths in the treatment group and five deaths in the control group. Nitrogen balance improved in the treated group, but not in the control group. Creatinine-height index, triceps skin fold measurement and levels of serum albumin and prealbumin increased similarly in both groups. Serum retinol binding protein increased more in the treatment group than it did in the control group, and transferrin was increased only in the treatment group. Serum bilirubin, type III amino-terminal procollagen peptide and aminopyrine clearance improved more in the treatment group than in the control group, whereas serum AST and prothrombin time improved in the treatment group but not in the control group. Cumulative 2-yr survival rates from the day of entry into the study were 42% and 38% in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Patients who survived 2 yr and patients in the treatment group who died during the 2-yr follow-up had continued improvement in serum retinol binding protein, transferrin, bilirubin and prothrombin time. These parameters were unchanged in patients in the control group who died during follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertensive Brainstem Encephalopathy
Authors: Raymond C.S. Seet, Erle C.H. Lim
Journal: Circulation (2007)

A 34-year-old man, previously in good health with no past history of hypertension, presented with a 2-day history of bitemporal headaches and a sudden onset of left-sided weakness 4 days after ingesting traditional Chinese medications for nonspecific abdominal pain.He was afebrile, drowsy, disoriented, and dysarthric, with a blood pressure of 270/170 mm Hg.Clinical examination revealed mild left facial weakness and strength of Medical Research Council grade 4/5 in the left upper and lower limbs.Deep tendon reflexes were brisk, and he demonstrated bilateral extensor plantar responses.Fundoscopy revealed grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy changes (Figure 1).ECG was consistent with left ventricular hypertrophy.Treatment with intravenous glyceryl trinitrate was commenced to achieve normotension.Blood tests suggested rhabdomyolysis with 127 mol/L (42-112) creatinine, 11231 U/L (30 -350) of creatine kinase, Ͼ1000 ng/mL (16 -96) of serum myoglobin, and 31.4U/L (Ͻ7.6) of aldolase.Computed tomography of the brain showed lowattenuation abnormalities in the brain stem and white matter of both cerebral hemispheres, consistent with edema (Figure 2).Likewise, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence of the magnetic resonance brain image revealed asymmetrical hyperintensities within the brain stem, dentate nuclei, inferior cerebellar peduncles, and white matter of the cerebrum (Figure 2).Diffusion-weighted imaging was normal, indicating the absence of infarction.There was no enhancement with the administration of gadolinium contrast.Twenty-four hour urinary total protein was 3.45 g/d (normal, Ͻ0.30), and creatinine clearance was measured at 49 mL/min (75-135).Ultrasound and Doppler studies of the kidney were unremarkable.Urinary metanerphrine, normetanephrine, and vanillyl mandelic acid were within normal ranges, excluding phaeochromocytoma as a cause of the patient's malignant hypertension.Toxicological and microbiological studies of the blood and urine to investigate the cause of rhabdomyolysis were negative.With judicious fluid management, creatine kinase and myoglobin normalized 5 days later.The patient's neurological deficits and magnetic resonance imaging changes also normalized with achievement of normal blood pressure.He was discharged 10 days later, with residual hyperreflexia in the limbs, but no neurological deficits.
All your base: a fast and accurate probabilistic approach to base calling
Authors: Tim Massingham, Nick Goldman
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Abstract The accuracy of base calls produced by Illumina sequencers is adversely affected by several processes, with laser cross-talk and cluster phasing being prominent. We introduce an explicit statistical model of the sequencing process that generalizes current models of phasing and cross-talk and forms the basis of a base calling method which improves on the best existing base callers, especially when comparing the number of error-free reads. The novel algorithms implemented in All Your Base (AYB) are comparable in speed to other competitive base-calling methods, do not require training data and are designed to be robust to gross errors, producing sensible results where other techniques struggle. AYB is available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/goldman-srv/AYB/
New US “abortion non-discrimination act” faces legal challenges
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The state of California and the National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Association are challenging the “abortion non-discrimination amendment” that a Congressman has attached to a federal funding bill.

The amendment allows doctors, hospitals, and insurance companies to refuse to provide, pay for, or give referrals for abortions—without penalty. It conflicts with an existing law, called Title X, that requires many health providers to inform pregnant women of all options, including abortion.

If a state tries to enforce state laws safeguarding a woman's right to abortion information and services, it might lose billions of dollars in federal funding.

Eve Gartner, senior staff attorney at Planned …
Combined analysis of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase protein expression and promoter methylation provides optimized prognostication of glioblastoma outcome
Authors: Shadi Lalezari, Arthur P. Chou, Anh Tran, Orestes E. Solis, Negar Khanlou, Weidong Chen, Sichen Li, Jose A. Carrillo, Reshmi Chowdhury, Julia Selfridge, Desiree E. Sanchez, Ryan W. Wilson, Mira Zurayk, Jonathan Lalezari, Jerry J. Lou, Laurel Ormiston, Karen Ancheta, Robert Hanna, Paul Miller, David Piccioni, Benjamin M. Ellingson, Colin Buchanan, Paul S. Mischel, Phioanh L. Nghiemphu, Richard Green, He-Jing Wang, Whitney B. Pope, Linda M. Liau, Robert M. Elashoff, Timothy F. Cloughesy, William H. Yong, Albert Lai
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Promoter methylation of the DNA repair gene, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), is associated with improved treatment outcome for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) treated with standard chemoradiation. To determine the prognostic significance of MGMT protein expression as assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and its relationship with methylation, we analyzed MGMT expression and promoter methylation with survival in a retrospective patient cohort. We identified 418 patients with newly diagnosed GBM at University of California Los Angeles Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles, nearly all of whom received chemoradiation, and determined MGMT expression by IHC, and MGMT promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing (BiSEQ) of 24 neighboring CpG sites. With use of the median percentage of cells staining by IHC as the threshold, patients with <30% staining had progression-free survival (PFS) of 10.9 months and overall survival (OS) of 20.5 months, compared with PFS of 7.8 months (P < .0001) and OS of 16.7 months (P < .0001) among patients with ≥30% staining. Inter- and intrareader correlation of IHC staining was high. Promoter methylation status by MSP was correlated with IHC staining. However, low IHC staining was frequently observed in the absence of promoter methylation. Increased methylation density determined by BiSEQ correlated with both decreased IHC staining and increased survival, providing a practical semiquantitative alternative to MSP. On the basis of multivariate analysis validated by bootstrap analysis, patients with tandem promoter methylation and low expression demonstrated improved OS and PFS, compared with the other combinations. Optimal assessment of MGMT status as a prognostic biomarker for patients with newly diagnosed GBM treated with chemoradiation requires determination of both promoter methylation and IHC protein expression.
I. THE PERMEABILITY OF THE WALL OF THE LYMPHATIC CAPILLARY
Authors: Stephen Hudack, Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

A technique has been developed for the demonstration of lymphatic capillaries in the ear of the mouse by means of vital dyes and for tests of their permeability under normal and pathological conditions. The lymphatics become visible as closed channels from which the dyes escape secondarily into the tissue. Some of them, cross-connections, with extremely narrow lumen, would seem ordinarily not to be utilized. There is active flow along the lymphatics of the mouse ear under ordinary circumstances. The movement of dye was always toward the main collecting system. The valves of the lymphatics as well as fluid flow prevented distal spread. There was in addition slow migration, apparently interstitial in character, but in the same general direction, of dots of color produced by the local injection of dye. The normal permeability of the lymphatics was studied with dyes of graded diffusibility. Their walls proved readily permeable for those highly diffusible pigments that the blood capillaries let through easily, but retained those that the latter retained. Finely particulate matter (India ink, "Hydrokollag"), they did not let pass. No gradient of permeability was observed to exist along them such as exists along the blood capillaries of certain organs. The observed phenomena of lymphatic permeability, like those of the permeability of the blood capillaries, can be explained on the assumption that the lymphatic wall behaves like a semipermeable membrane.
Evolution of Endogenous Retrovirus-like Elements of the Woolly Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and its Relatives
Authors: Alex D. Greenwood, Fred Lee, Cristian Capelli, Robert DeSalle, Alexei Tikhonov, Preston A. Marx, Ross D. E. MacPhee
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Endogenous retrovirus-like elements characterizable by a leucine tRNA primer (ERV-Ls) are reiterated genomic sequences known to be widespread in mammals, including humans. They may have arisen from an ancestral foamy virus-like element by successful germ line infection followed by copy number expansion. However, among mammals, only primates and rodents have thus far exhibited high copy number amplification and sequence diversification. Conventionally, empirical studies of proviral amplification and diversification have been limited to extant species, but taxa having good Quaternary fossil records could potentially be investigated using the techniques of "ancient" DNA research. To examine evolutionary parameters of ERV-Ls across both time and taxa, we characterized this proviral class in the extinct woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and living elephants, as well as extant members of the larger clade to which they belong (Uranotheria, a group containing proboscideans, sirenians, hyraxes, and their extinct relatives). Ungulates and carnivores previously analyzed demonstrated low copy numbers of ERV-L sequences, and thus it was expected that uranotheres should as well. Here, we show that all uranothere taxa exhibit unexpectedly numerous and diverse ERV-L sequence complements, indicating active expansion within this group of lineages. Selection is the most parsimonious explanation for observed differences in ERV-L distribution and frequency, with relative success being reflected in the persistence of certain elements over a variety of sampled time depths (as can be observed by comparing sequences from fossil and extant elephantid samples).
Lack of tolerance to the protective effect of montelukast in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children
Authors: F. M. de Benedictis, M. M. del Giudice, N. Forenza, F. Decimo, D. de Benedictis, A. Capristo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The effect over time of regular treatment with montelukast (MNT) in inhibiting exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) has never been evaluated in children. The aim of the present study was to examine the preventive effect of MNT against EIB in children at different time-points over a 4-week treatment period. Thirty-two asthmatic children (aged 6–12 yrs) were enrolled in a double-blinded, randomised, parallel group design to receive a 4-week treatment with MNT (5 mg chewable tablets administered once daily in the evening) or placebo. Exercise challenge was performed at baseline and after 3, 7 and 28 days of treatment, 20–24 h after dosing. MNT was significantly more protective than placebo against EIB at each time. The mean percentage drop of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) was 24.6, 13.6, 12.0 and 11.6 for MNT, and 24.4, 22.4, 21.8 and 21.0 for placebo, at baseline and after 3, 7 and 28 days, respectively. For each drug, no significant difference in the percentage drop of FEV 1 was found between different days. Regular treatment with montelukast provided significant protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children over a 4-week period with no tolerance to the bronchoprotective effect.
The EvA study: aims and strategy
Authors: Loems Ziegler-Heitbrock, Marion Frankenberger, Irene Heimbeck, Dorothe Burggraf, Matthias Wjst, Karl Häussinger, Chris Brightling, Sumit Gupta, David Parr, Deepak Subramanian, Dave Singh, Umme Kolsum, Piera Boschetto, Alfredo Potena, Dorota Gorecka, Adam Nowinski, Imre Barta, Balazs Döme, Janos Strausz, Timm Greulich, Claus Vogelmeier, Robert Bals, Jens M. Hohlfeld, Tobias Welte, Per Venge, Ivo Gut, Anne Boland, Robert Olaso, Jörg Hager, Pieter Hiemstra, Klaus F. Rabe, Martina Unmüßig, Joachim Müller-Quernheim, Antje Prasse
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The EvA study is a European Union-funded project under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), which aims at defining new markers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its subtypes. The acronym is derived from emphysema versus airway disease, indicating that the project targets these two main phenotypes of the disease. The EvA study is based on the concept that emphysema and airway disease are governed by different pathophysiological processes, are driven by different genes and have differential gene expression in the lung. To define these genes, patients and non-COPD controls are recruited for clinical examination, lung function analysis and computed tomography (CT) of the lung. CT scans are used to define the phenotypes based on lung density and airway wall thickness. This is followed by bronchoscopy in order to obtain samples from the airways and the alveoli. These tissue samples, along with blood samples, are then subjected to genome-wide expression and association analysis and markers linked to the phenotypes are identified. The population of the EvA study is different from other COPD study populations, since patients with current oral glucocorticoids, antibiotics and exacerbations or current smokers are excluded, such that the signals detected in the molecular analysis are due to the distinct inflammatory process of emphysema and airway disease in COPD.
Film: Bowling for Columbine
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A film by Michael Moore UK release date: 15 November ——————— Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> In this darkly humorous feature-length documentary, campaigning journalist and filmmaker Michael Moore sets out to ask why Americans kill each other at a far higher rate than citizens of other Western democracies. The figures he gives are staggering: in a year in which Germany had 381 fatal shootings, France 255, Canada 165, and Britain 68, the United States recorded more than 11 000. This total is far higher than could be accounted for by the difference in population. So what is it about the States that makes … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
FUEL FOR MEDICAL MEN'S MOTOR CARS: POSITION OF PETROL SUBSTITUTES
Authors: H. M. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1914)

The body of the cathedrale," he conltinues, '"was pre- served from utter ruin by the Earl of Hulntly, and il 1607 repaired and covered with slate at the charge of the parisl."The little of the iintePior th7at hiad beeni spared was destroyed by the Covenanters in tlle Civil War.The following description of tllh m-lanniier in -which the