tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A sarcomeric protein tongue-twister: post-translation, citrullination/deimination and elimination of arginine residues
Authors: R. John Solaro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

This editorial refers to ‘Citrullination of myofilament proteins in heart failure’ by J. Fert-Bober et al. , doi:10.1093/cvr/cvv185. 

There is now appreciation in the research community that post-translational modification (PTM) at the level of cardiac sarcomeres is a significant element in the control of cardiac contractility down-stream of Ca-signaling.1,2 These modifications are critical in the tuning of the heart beat to impositions of altered heart rate, pre-load, afterload, and metabolic demands. The constellation of cardiac sarcomeric PTMs that occur are related to the maintenance of a homeostatic state, and as with other regulatory mechanisms, when the PTMs do not synchronize with demands on cardiac function a progressive disorder may occur. With the emergence of remarkably sophisticated aches employing mass spectrometry,3,4 there has been a deeper understanding of the diversity and potential significance of PTMs of sarcomeric proteins beyond their well-characterized state of phosphorylation and oxidation. The list includes a multitude of potential modifications, and a newly discovered modification has been reported by Fert-Bober et al. 5 This novel finding indicates that a number of critical cardiac sarcomeric proteins from control human hearts and from hearts with ischaemic disease and dilated cardiomyopathy undergo deimination or citrullination in which an Arg residue is replaced with a citrulline, resulting in an irreversible loss of a negative charge and an increase in hydrophobicity. As recently reviewed by Fert-Bober and Sokolove,6 this reaction is under the control of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD), a Ca2+-regulated enzyme with poorly understood substrate specificity. There are a number of isoforms of PAD, several of which are expressed in myocardium. However, Fert-Bober et al. 5 report that the PAD2 is …
Virus-Like Particles in Phytohemagglutinin-Stimulated Lymphocyte Cultures With Reference to Bovine Lymphosarcoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Janice M. Miller, Lyle D. Miller, Carl Olson, Kenneth G. Gillette
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte cultures of 75 cattle were examined by electron microscopy. Virus-like particles were observed in cultures from 5 of 9 cattle with lymphosarcoma. Particles of the same type were also in cultures from 15 of 24 cattle in a multiple-case herd, 15 of 26 cattle that had been inoculated with lymphosarcoma materials, and 2 of 16 aged cows from herds with no history of lymphosarcoma. The virus-like particles were primarily extracellular and characterized by an electron-dense nucleoid 60–90 mμ in diameter that was centrally located inside a limiting membrane. The diameter of complete particles was 90–120 mμ. Some particles had an intermediate membrane in close apposition to the nucleoid. Structures resembling budding particles were rare. The morphology and size of the particles were similar to those of the mature form of C-type viruses which are regarded as the cause of leukemia in other species.
Molecular Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Are We Now?
Authors: M Kudo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2015)

Molecular Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma:Where Are We Now?Seven years have passed since sorafenib was approved as a systemic chemotherapeutic agent that improves survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Despite numerous studies over subsequent years aimed at developing novel molecular targeted agents, no new drugs have produced positive results to date.Because of the difficulties faced in developing novel agents, the patients selected for drug development trials have shifted from those with similar hepatic functions and tumor stages, as in conventional trials, to those with homogeneous biological characteristics based on biomarkers.In addition, a promising new strategy in the development of treatments for HCC is the emerging field of immuno-oncology.However, to reduce medical costs, it is necessary to take a broad perspective to drug development by, for example, incorporating new concepts such as a master protocol system.
The prediction of dangerous behavior in emergency civil committment
Authors: E S Rofman, C Askinazi, E Fant
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors compared the records of 59 psychiatric patients involutarily committed to a Veterans Administration hospital on an emergency basis with those of a control group of 59 psychiatric patients with respect to the number of assaults noted during the first 45 days of hospitalization. The committed group had a .41 probability and the control group a .08 probability of committing an assault. The difference between the two groups was mainly accounted for by assaults that occurred during the first 10 days of hospitalization. The occurrence of an actual act of battery before admission did not predict assault in the hospital to a greater degree than did a verbal threat. The authors conclude that short-term clinical predictions of dangerousness predict assaultiveness in the hospital to a significant degree.
Angiogenetic and apoptotic process in the airways of symptomatic smokers with and without a contralateral non small cell lung cancer
Authors: C. Calabrese, P. Somma, C. Guarino, I. Pedicelli, N. Corcione, C. Turino, P. Micheli, L. Varriale, S. A. Marsico, Alessandro Vatrella
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)
Abrupt Onset of Ulcerative Papules and Nodules on the Face and Genitals
Authors: Lauren Chantel Payne, Keith Michael Egan, Nasir Aziz
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Soundings: Premedical science
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This information came over the internet some years ago. It purports to be the answers given by students in science exams around the world. It came with the comment that “it is truly astonishing what weird science our young scholars can create under the pressure of time and grades.” I was unable to trace the author, but as the work deserves wider dissemination, I present here the answers of most interest to a medical audience.



General: “The body consists of three parts—the brainium, the borax, and the abominable cavity. The brainium contains the brain; the borax, the heart and lungs; and the abominable cavity, the bowls, of which there are five—a, e, i, o, and u.”


Respiration: “When you breathe, you inspire. When you do not breathe, you expire.” “Respiration consists of two acts: first inspiration, then expectoration.”


Cardiovascular: “The three kinds of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and caterpillars.”


Gastrointestinal: “The alimentary canal is located in the northern part of Alabama.”


Dentistry: “A permanent set of teeth consists of eight canines, eight cuspids, two molars, and eight cuspidors.”


Orthopaedics: “The skeleton is what is left after the insides have been taken out and the outsides have been taken off. The purpose of the skeleton is something to hitch meat on.”


Reproductive medicine: “Artificial insemination is when the farmer does it to the cow instead of the bull.” “To prevent contraception, wear a condominium.” “Many women believe that an alcoholic binge will have no effects on the unborn fetus, but that is a large misconception.”


Haematology: “Before giving a blood transfusion, find out if the blood is affirmative or negative.”


Eyes and nose: “To remove dust from the eye: pull the eye down over the nose.” “For nosebleeds, put the nose lower than the body until the heart stops.” “For a cold: use an agoniser to spray the nose until it drops in your throat.”


First aid: “For fainting: rub the person’s chest or, if a lady, rub her arm above the head instead. Or put the head between the knees of the nearest doctor.” “For asphyxiation: apply artificial respiration until the patient is dead.” “For drowning: climb on top of the person and move up and down to make artificial perspiration.” “For dog bite: put the dog away for several days. If he has not recovered, then kill it.” [continued]
Survival from locally invasive or widespread neuroblastoma without cytotoxic therapy.
Authors: B H Kushner, N K Cheung, M P LaQuaglia, P F Ambros, I M Ambros, M A Bonilla, W L Gerald, M Ladanyi, F Gilbert, N S Rosenfield, S D Yeh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that cytotoxic therapy is not needed at diagnosis to assure the survival of most patients with non-stage 4 neuroblastoma. METHODS Patients with non-stage 4 disease received no cytotoxic therapy in the absence of N-myc amplification. The International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) was used. RESULTS Of 84 consecutive patients with previously untreated, newly diagnosed neuroblastoma, 31 (37%) had non-stage 4 disease. All 31 patients initially received no cytotoxic therapy because none of them had N-myc amplification. Nine stage 1 patients are relapse-free. This report focuses on the 22 patients with locally invasive or distant disease: two stage 2A with gross residual tumor postsurgery, 11 stage 2B with ipsilateral or midline lymph node involvement, four stage 3, and five stage 4S. Eight of the 22 patients were older than 1 year. Postsurgery, 13 patients had visible residual disease, and two others had markedly increased urinary catecholamine levels for more than 1 year. Recurrent or enlarging tumors regressed spontaneously (n = 2) or were excised 5 to 39 months after diagnosis (n = 4). One of the latter had chromosome 1p deletions (common in poor-risk neuroblastoma) that were not detected in the patient's original tumor resected 23 months earlier--findings consistent with clonal evolution or multifocal disease. The patient received chemotherapy. All 22 patients are alive 24 to 98 months (median, 64) from diagnosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that non-stage 4 patients without N-myc amplification can be spared cytotoxic therapy because (1) residual postsurgical or recurrent biologically favorable neuroblastoma rarely evolves into lethal stage 4 disease; and (2) neuroblastoma in lymph nodes has no prognostic significance. These findings are remarkable because no other cancer includes subtypes that are curable without therapy to ablate residual disease.
A critical appraisal of current approaches to treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)based on a review by an international panel of investigators and a survey of AASLD membership
Authors: Rp Perrillo, R Gish, M Peters, E Keeffe, P Alto, A. Alberti, M Buti-Ferret, Wge Cooksley, Mw Fried, S Hadziyannis, Yf Liaw, Nv Naoumov, Er Schiff, Cl Thio, Nc Tsai, Sw Schlam
Journal: Hepatology (2005)
Vitamin D interacts with Esr1 and Igf1 to regulate molecular pathways relevant to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Véréna Landel, Pascal Millet, Kévin Baranger, Béatrice Loriod, François Féron
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2016)

Increasing evidence suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin D supplementation against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although studies have shown improvements in cognitive performance and decreases in markers of the pathology after chronic treatment, the mechanisms by which vitamin D acts on brain cells are multiple and remain to be thoroughly studied. We analyzed the molecular changes observed after 5 months of vitamin D3 supplementation in the brains of transgenic 5xFAD (Tg) mice, a recognized mouse model of AD, and their wild type (Wt) littermates. We first performed a kinematic behavioural examination at 4, 6 and 8 months of age (M4, M6 and M8) followed by a histologic assessment of AD markers. We then performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of mRNA regulation in the neocortex and hippocampus of 9 months old (M9) female mice.Transcriptomic analysis of the hippocampus and neocortex of both Wt and Tg mice at M9, following 5 months of vitamin D3 treatment, reveals a large panel of dysregulated pathways related to i) immune and inflammatory response, ii) neurotransmitter activity, iii) endothelial and vascular processes and iv) hormonal alterations. The differentially expressed genes are not all direct targets of the vitamin D-VDR pathway and it appears that vitamin D action engages in the crosstalk with estrogen and insulin signaling. The misexpression of the large number of genes observed in this study translates into improved learning and memory performance and a decrease in amyloid plaques and astrogliosis in Tg animals.This study underlies the multiplicity of action of this potent neurosteroid in an aging and AD-like brain. The classical and non-classical actions of vitamin D3 can act in an additive and possibly synergistic manner to induce neuroprotective activities in a context-specific way.
Cardiac Tumors of Mice
Authors: Cornelia Hoch-Ligeti
 3, Harold L. Stewart
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Of the 7 primary tumors of the mouse heart, accessed at the Registry of Experimental Cancers, 3 were mesenchymal cell sarcomas, 3 were hemangioendotheliomas, and 1 was a mesenchymoma. The mesenchymal cell sarcomas metastasized via the bloodstream to lungs, kidneys, and spleen. Five of the tumors arose in mice treated with ionizing radiation. Previously, only 3 primary cardiac tumors of mice have been reported. Tumors of the heart as part of multifocal neoplasms of a single histologic type were observed in 3 mice; 2 of these tumors were type B reticulum cell sarcomas, and 1 was a reticulum cell sarcoma not otherwise specified. Of the metastatic tumors of the heart, 12 were from alveologenic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or carcinosarcoma of the lung, 4 were from sarcoma of the subcutaneous soft tissue, and 1 each was from a subcutaneous transplant of a malignant schwannoma and from an alveologenic tumor of the lung.
Abstract P5-06-03: Effect of obesity on molecular characteristics of invasive breast tumors: Gene expression analysis of 405 tumors by BMI
Authors: RE Ellsworth, AL Toro, NS Costantino, CD Shriver, DL Ellsworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women and weight gain after diagnosis is associated with decreased survival and less favorable clinical characteristics such as greater tumor burden, higher grade, and poor prognosis, regardless of menopausal status. Despite the negative impact of obesity on clinical outcome, the molecular mechanisms by which excess adiposity influences breast cancer are not well-understood. Methods: Affymetrix U133 2.0 gene expression data was available for 405 primary breast tumors and 20 tumor-adjacent adipose tissues; RNA was isolated from tumor epithelia or adipose using laser microdissection. Patients were classified as lean (BMI&amp;lt;25), overweight (BMI 25-29.9) or obese (BMI&amp;gt;30). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA using Partek Genomics Suite version 6.6. Results: Obese patients were significantly more likely to be diagnosed &amp;gt;50 years and to be of African American ancestry compared to lean or overweight women, while pathological characteristics including tumor stage, size or grade, lymph node status and intrinsic subtype did not differ significantly between groups. Principal component analysis could not effectively cluster the tumors by weight and no genes were differentially expressed using a false discovery rate &amp;lt;0.05. Using a less stringent unadjusted P-value of &amp;lt;0.01, 329 genes were differentially expressed, however, this gene expression profile could not discriminate patient tumors by BMI. In contrast, BMI was effective in clustering tumor-adjacent adipose samples by BMI based on differential expression of 156 genes. Conclusions: Although tumor epithelial cells from obese women do not differ significantly from those of lean and/or overweight women at the gene expression level, tumor-adjacent adipose did differ by weight. These data demonstrate that less favorable outcomes in obese patients are not be attributable to the tumor itself but to influences from the microenvironment and suggest that decreasing breast adiposity may be an effective strategy to reducing risk and improving outcomes in obese women. Citation Format: Ellsworth RE, Toro AL, Costantino NS, Shriver CD, Ellsworth DL. Effect of obesity on molecular characteristics of invasive breast tumors: Gene expression analysis of 405 tumors by BMI. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-06-03.
Status of psychotropic drug blood level assays and other biochemical measurements in clinical practice
Authors: R J Baldessarini
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

Assays of drug levels in blood and of other biochemical characteristics of psychiatric patients are being proposed for clinical application, although their utility in practice remains uncertain. Exceptions are the assay of blood levels of anticonvulsants and of lithium ion. Assays of antidepressant drugs may be especially helpful in the evaluation of unexpected responses or in the avoidance of unwanted toxic effects and promise to permit more efficient predictions of individual requirements. Assays of platelet MAO activity or urinary MHPG excretion remain clinically less useful. Attempts to correlate blood levels of antipsychotic agents with clinical effects have been disappointing, although newer assay methods may prove more useful.
Characteristics of JMV Marek's Disease Tumor: A Nonproductively Infected Transplantable Cell Lacking in Rescuable Virus2
Authors: E. Ann Stephens, R. L. Witter, Lucy F. Lee, J. M. Sharma, K. Nazerian, B. M. Longenecker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Cells of the JMV Marek's disease (MD) tumor, originally produced by rapid serial passage of MD lymphoma cells in chickens, were characterized to determine whether they were of host or donor origin and to ascertain certain virus-host cell interrelationships. Differences noted in blood group B surface alloantigens between tumor cells and host lymphocytes indicated a probable nonhost origin (i.e., transplantability) of the tumor. JMV spleen tumors contained predominantly large lymphoblasts bearing MD tumor-associated surface antigen. DNA from JMV tumor cell suspensions hybridized significantly with MD virus cRNA, which indicated that JMV cells contained at least a portion of the MD virus genome. No MD virus was rescued from JMV tumors by techniques suitable for rescue of virus from MD lymphomas. The JMV tumor cells were also devoid of MD virus-specific antigens. These properties differed markedly from those of MD lymphoma cells and make the JMV tumor cell a unique, potentially valuable, tool for further study of oncogenic herpesvirus infection and tumor immunity in the chicken.
Assessment of the Rate of Adherence to International Guidelines for Androgen Deprivation Therapy with External-beam Radiation Therapy: A Population-based Study
Authors: Paolo Dell’Oglio, Hiba Abou-Haidar, Sami-Ramzi Leyh-Bannurah, Zhe Tian, Alessandro Larcher, Giorgio Gandaglia, Nicola Fossati, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Umberto Capitanio, Alberto Briganti, Francesco Montorsi, Markus Graefen, Fred Saad, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Inhibition Of The JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway As a Novel Therapy In CD8+ T-Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia
Authors: Michael J. Clemente, Bilori Bilori, Swapna Thota, Manuel G. Afable, Holleh D. Husseinzadeh, Alan E. Lichtin, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (2013)
Botulinum toxin: an endoscopic approach for treating fecal incontinence
Authors: Guillaume Gourcerol, Coralie Bénard, Chloé Melchior, Jean-Yves Touchais, Phillipe Ducrotte, Jean-François Menard, Valerie Bridoux, Anne-Marie Leroi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Fecal incontinence is a common, distressing condition with limited therapeutic options. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections have been proposed as a treatment for patients with fecal incontinence. This study aimed to determine the short-term clinical outcomes of BTX-A injections in patients with fecal incontinence of varying etiology.Twenty-six patients with fecal incontinence were enrolled, 17 with their native rectum and 9 with a neo-reservoir following a proctectomy for rectal cancer. BTX-A was endoscopically injected into the rectum/reservoir. Scores for severity (CCS) and quality of life (FIQL) were recorded at baseline and at the 3-month follow-up visit.The CCS was significantly lower after 3 months (median 15, range 4 - 20 vs. 8, range 1 - 19; P = 0.001). The quality of life improved in three of the four FIQL domains. The improvement was maintained in 11 of 12 patients who received more than one injection because of recurrent symptoms. There was no significant predictive factor for the success of BTX-A injections.This preliminary study demonstrated that rectal/reservoir injections are an effective short-term treatment for fecal incontinence.
Detection of Lung Cancer through Metabolic Changes Measured in Blood Plasma
Authors: Evelyne Louis, Peter Adriaensens, Wanda Guedens, Theophile Bigirumurame, Kurt Baeten, Karolien Vanhove, Kurt Vandeurzen, Karen Darquennes, Johan Vansteenkiste, Christophe Dooms, Ziv Shkedy, Liesbet Mesotten, Michiel Thomeer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Antitumor Effects of Antibody-Diphtheria Toxin Coniugates. II. Immunotherapy With Coniugates Directed Against Tumor Antigens Induced by Simian Virus 40&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F L Moolten, N J Capparell, S H Zajdel, S R Cooperband
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Hamster and rabbit antibodies against antigens on the surface of simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed hamster sarcoma or lymphoma cells were purified by immunoadsorption on SV40-transformed cells and conjugated to diphtheria toxin with glutaraldehyde. Treatment with a single dose of antibody-toxin conjugate partially protected hamsters concurrently challenged with 10(3) SV40-transformed sarcoma cells, as evidenced by a reduction in tumor incidence, an increase in tumor latency, and a prolongation of the life-spans of hamsters that developed tumors. Treatment of established sarcomas was ineffective, but repeated treatment with the conjugates induced complete regressions in 20-56% of hamsters bearing established transplants in the SV40-induced lymphoma.