tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Video analysis of injuries and incidents in Norwegian professional football
Authors: T E Andersen, A Tenga, L Engebretsen, R Bahr
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

This study describes the characteristics of injuries and high risk situations in the Norwegian professional football league during one competitive season using Football Incident Analysis (FIA), a video based method.Videotapes and injury information were collected prospectively for 174 of 182 (96%) regular league matches during the 2000 season. Incidents where the match was interrupted due to an assumed injury were analysed using FIA to examine the characteristics of the playing situation causing the incident. Club medical staff prospectively recorded all acute injuries on a specific injury questionnaire. Each incident identified on the videotapes was cross referenced with the injury report.During the 174 matches, 425 incidents were recorded and 121 acute injuries were reported. Of these 121 injuries, 52 (43%) were identified on video including all head injuries, 58% of knee injuries, 56% of ankle injuries, and 29% of thigh injuries. Strikers were more susceptible to injury than other players and although most of the incidents and injuries resulted from duels, no single classic injury situation typical for football injuries or incidents could be recognised. However, in most cases the exposed player seemed to be unaware of the opponent challenging him for ball possession.This study shows that in spite of a thorough video analysis less than half of the injuries are identified on video. It is difficult to identify typical patterns in the playing events leading to incidents and injuries, but players seemed to be unaware of the opponent challenging them for ball possession.
Obesity and colorectal cancer
Authors: Mark Hull, Jesper Lagergren
Journal: Gut (2013)

Bardou et al are to be congratulated on producing an excellent and comprehensive review of the existing literature on the link between excess body weight and colorectal neoplasia. The authors included the current literature on the effect of bariatric surgery on subsequent cancer risk and rightly pointed out that the previous small studies have lacked sufficient statistical power to determine accurately whether colorectal cancer (CRC) risk or mortality is impacted by bariatric surgery.1 However, Bardou et al conclude their Abstract by posing a provocative question regarding a possible role for bariatric surgery in the reduction of CRC risk, with the tacit …
Comparison of the survival and tolerability of radioembolization in elderly vs. younger patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rita Golfieri, Josè Ignacio Bilbao, Livio Carpanese, Roberto Cianni, Daniele Gasparini, Samer Ezziddin, Philipp Marius Paprottka, Francesco Fiore, Alberta Cappelli, Macarena Rodriguez, Giuseppe Maria Ettorre, Adelchi Saltarelli, Onelio Geatti, Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar, Alexander R. Haug, Francesco Izzo, Emanuela Giampalma, Bruno Sangro, Giuseppe Pizzi, Ermanno Notarianni, Alessandro Vit, Kai Wilhelm, Tobias F. Jakobs, Secondo Lastoria
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Lewis phenotype, secretor status, and coeliac disease.
Authors: W Dickey, J D Wylie, J S Collins, K G Porter, R G Watson, J C McLoughlin
Journal: Gut (1994)

Patients who cannot secrete ABO and Lewis blood group antigens into body fluids, an ability controlled by a single gene on chromosome 19, are known to be at increased risk of certain autoimmune diseases associated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) markers. This study investigated the possibility of an association with coeliac disease using red cell Lewis (Le) blood group phenotype to infer secretor status. Among 73 patients with coeliac disease who had Le a or b antigen, 48% were non-secretors (Le a + b-) compared with 27% of 137 blood donors (p = 0.004: odds ratio 2.49, 95% confidence intervals 1.37 to 4.51) and 26% of 62 medical and nursing staff controls (p = 0.014: odds ratio 2.65, 95% confidence intervals 1.27 to 5.50). Clinical characteristics did not differ between secretors and non-secretors with coeliac disease. Thus, the non-secretor state is significantly associated with coeliac disease, suggesting that genes on chromosome 19 may directly or indirectly participate in conferring susceptibility.
Unitary sodium channels in isolated cardiac myocytes of rabbit.
Authors: A O Grant, C F Starmer, H C Strauss
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Transmembrane ionic movements are thought to occur through special membrane areas or channels. Until recently, it has not been possible to study the properties of individual ionic channels, directly. We have used the extracellular patch clamp technique to resolve unitary sodium channels in enzyme-dissociated rabbit ventricular myocytes. Depolarizing voltage clamp steps elicited rectangular inward current fluctuations representing open-closed transition of the channels. Probability of channel opening increased with depolarization. Single channel current amplitude ranged from 0.6 to 1.9 pA. Channel open time increased with depolarization. Sodium channels could be distinguished from calcium channels by their insensitivity to cadmium and inactivation voltage range. First-event latency histograms suggest multiple-closed states. The patch clamp technique can be readily applied to the study of sodium channels in adult cardiac myocytes.
Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses
Authors: Jan Stam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses affects mainly young adults and children. This potentially disabling or fatal condition is usually not diagnosed until a week after the onset of symptoms. This review article describes the clinical presentations of the disorder such as those that occur after a head injury or lumbar puncture. Therapeutic options include anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and measures to control intracranial hypertension.
Anti-inflammatory lactobacilli: strain specificity
Authors: Claude Matuchansky
Journal: Gut (2011)

Interictal spikes in models of focal seizures and epilepsies are sustained by the synchronous activation of glutamatergic and GABAergic networks. The nature of population spikes associated with seizure initiation (pre-ictal spikes; PSs) is still undetermined. We analyzed the networks involved in the generation of both interictal and PSs in acute models of limbic cortex ictogenesis induced by pharmacological manipulations. Simultaneous extracellular and intracellular recordings from both principal cells and interneurons were performed in the medial entorhinal cortex of the <i>in vitro</i> isolated guinea pig brain during focal interictal and ictal discharges induced in the limbic network by intracortical and brief arterial infusions of either bicuculline methiodide (BMI) or 4-aminopyridine (4AP). Local application of BMI in the entorhinal cortex did not induce seizure-like events (SLEs), but did generate periodic interictal spikes sensitive to the glutamatergic non-NMDA receptor antagonist DNQX. Unlike local applications, arterial perfusion of either BMI or 4AP induced focal limbic SLEs. PSs just ahead of SLE were associated with hyperpolarizing potentials coupled with a complete blockade of firing in principal cells and burst discharges in putative interneurons. Interictal population spikes recorded from principal neurons between two SLEs correlated with a depolarizing potential. We demonstrate in two models of acute limbic SLE that PS events are different from interictal spikes and are sustained by synchronous activation of inhibitory networks. Our findings support a prominent role of synchronous network inhibition in the initiation of a focal seizure.
A5.4 Anti Carbamylated Protein Antibodies (Anti-CarP) Are Present in Arthralgia Patients and Predict the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jing Shi, Lotte A van de Stadt, EW Nivine Levarht, Tom WJ Huizinga, René EM Toes, Leendert A Trouw, Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background/Objective</h3> Recently, we discovered a new auto- antibody system in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): anti carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-CarP). These antibodies have additional prognostic value in predicting joint destruction when compared to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). However, it is not yet known whether anti-CarP antibodies are present before the diagnosis of RA and whether they have predictive value for the development of RA. Therefore we studied whether anti-CarP antibodies are present in arthralgia patients and whether their presence associates with the development of RA. <h3>Methods</h3> Sera of 340 arthralgia patients without clinical signs of arthritis and 32 healthy controls were measured for the presence of anti-CarP IgG antibodies. One hundred eleven arthralgia patients (33%) were IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) positive/anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (aCCP2) negative and 229 (67%) were aCCP2 positive. Patients were followed for the development of RA (2010 criteria). The median follow up time was 36 months. Cox regression analysis was performed to compare the risk of developing RA between Anti-CarP positive and negative arthralgia patients in follow up time. <h3>Results</h3> The arthralgia cohort consisted of 340 IgM-RF and/or aCCP positive patients. Anti-CarP antibodies were present in sera of 113 (39%) of the tested patients. A total of 120 patients developed RA after a median (IQR) of 12 (6–24) months. The presence of anti-CarP antibodies was associated with the development of RA in the whole arthralgia cohort even after correction for RF and aCCP2 status (HR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.06–2.29; p = 0.023), as well as in the aCCP2 positive subgroup (OR: 2.231; 95%CI: 1.31–3.79; p = 0.003). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Anti-CarP antibodies were present in arthralgia patients and their presence predicted the development of RA independent of aCCP2 antibodies. <h3>Disclosure</h3> These studies were financially supported by Janssen Biologics BV, (Johnson &amp; Johnson).
THE HOMOSEXUAL AS A PERSONALITY TYPE
Authors: HERBERT GREENSPAN, JOHN D. CAMPBELL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

According to our conception of homosexuality, it is a relative condition, just as dextrocardia and blondness are relative. Consequently, in describing a peculiar personality deviation, to be known as the homosexual personality, we are cognizant of degrees of this condition, just as there are degrees of the psychopathic personality and schizoid personality. We are describing here, however, the typical homosexual personality, which we feel is a distinct entity and entitled to an independent position in the nomenclature. Any critic may respond, for instance, that he is acquainted with a confirmed homosexual who differs in some outstanding respects from the type we have described. Our reply is that we likewise have seen such cases, but we have also observed psychopaths and schizoid personalities who did not exactly fit the mold of the typical case. There is a wide range even in the normal, and certainly the same holds true for the personality type in question. It must be remembered that the term homosexual, unfortunately, has a loose, expansive application and has been used to designate the true homosexual herein described, the latent homosexual, the repressed homosexual and the sexual pervert. Hence, various authors attribute qualities to the homosexual that are inconsistent and the result is a crazy-quilt portrayal of what is essentially a well-defined subject. We, therefore, conclude that homosexualism is not an acquired vice but a biological anomaly. The homosexual personality, like the boy with a Froelich's syndrome who is the victim of endocrine imbalance, is neither the result of bad environment nor an undue mother attachment. The true homosexual possesses certain identifying and consistent traits which clearly differentiate him from other personalities with which he has been classified. Both the psychiatric and social status of the invert is becoming increasingly more clear with the advancement of clinical psychiatry, and it is encouraging to note that society is being weaned away from the fallacy that homosexualism is a crime. We are gradually coming to the realization that the homosexual suffers from a regrettable sexual anomaly, but otherwise is a normal, productive individual, who is neither a burden nor a detriment to society. We hope that the recognition of the true nature of his problem will lead to a more rational and practical therapeutic approach, and that a more humane, understanding attitude will result.
Affordable Health Care for All Americans
Authors: Barack Obama
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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A follow-up study in 28 patients treated with infliximab for severe recalcitrant psoriasis: evidence for efficacy and high incidence of biological autoimmunity
Authors: N. Poulalhon, E. Begon, C. Lebbé, F. Lioté, M. Lahfa, D. Bengoufa, P. Morel, L. Dubertret, H. Bachelez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Infliximab, an antitumour necrosis factor-alpha chimeric monoclonal antibody, is effective for the treatment of severe psoriasis. While the induction of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and antidouble-stranded-DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA-ab) is frequently observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn disease receiving infliximab, the incidence of induced biological and clinical autoimmunity remains unknown in the context of psoriasis.To investigate biological and clinical signs of autoimmunity in 28 patients receiving infliximab for severe, recalcitrant forms of psoriasis, and the clinical response to treatment.Twenty-eight patients, 15 men and 13 women (median age 39.4 years) with psoriasis refractory to three or more systemic treatments were included. Twenty presented with plaque-type psoriasis [median Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score 25.9; range 7.2-48], five with psoriatic erythroderma (median PASI score 54; range 48-72) and three with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). Psoriatic arthritis was present in 13 patients (46.4%). Infliximab 5 mg kg(-1) was given at week (W) 0, W2, W6 and every 8 weeks thereafter. Clinical data were assessed at baseline and before each infusion. Detection of ANA and of IgM and IgG anti-dsDNA-ab were performed at baseline and at W22 by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.The mean number of infliximab infusions was 5.5 (range 2-15). Among patients with plaque-type and erythrodermic psoriasis, 17 of 25 (68%) and three of five reached a PASI improvement of 75% or more, respectively, while rapid improvement of clinical and biological signs was observed in all three patients with GPP. The prevalence of positive detection of ANA raised from 12% at baseline to 72% at W22 (P = 0.0001), an increase which was also observed for IgM anti-dsDNA-ab (68% vs. 0%, P < 0.0001), while no significant change was observed for the IgG isotype (16% vs. 0%, P = 0.125). Three patients developed nonerosive polyarthritis, without any other criteria for systemic lupus.The incidence of biological autoimmunity is high in patients with refractory psoriasis receiving infliximab. The concomitant onset of polyarthritis in three cases raises the need to investigate the incidence of autoimmune manifestations in psoriatic patients receiving infliximab in further large-scale studies.
Neonatal IgA and IgE levels among infants with paternal heredity for atopic disease
Authors: G. Lilja, C. G. M. Magnusson, E. Kusoffsky, S. G. O. Johansson, H. Öman
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Serum IgA and IgE levels were studied in the postnatal period in 21 infants having a paternal heredity of atopic disease. Three different sampling techniques were used, aspirated cord blood (CB), gravity‐collected cord blood, and capillary collected blood at 4–5 days of age. Significant differences among the three sampling techniques were recorded for IgA ( P &lt;0.01), but not for IgE. The IgA levels decreased from birth to 4–5 days of age in 90% (19/21) of the infants ( P &lt;0.01). The corresponding decrease in IgE levels was 20%. This postnatal difference in the frequency of decreasing/increasing IgA and IgE levels was significant ( P &lt;0.05). An analysis of CB IgA to detect maternal contamination of CB was found to be of questionable value, since only 50% (2/4) of the cases with an elevated CB‐IgA level could be considered contaminated. The results of this study further emphasize that aspiration of CB and capillary collection of blood at 4–5 days of age are the best sampling techniques to avoid contamination. The general finding that paternal heredity had no significant influence on infant IgE contrasts with the strong influence of maternal heredity. Further studies will show whether the explanation lies in genetic or transplacental factors, or in both kinds of factors.
Intra–Lymph Node Prime-Boost Vaccination against Melan A and Tyrosinase for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: Results of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial
Authors: Antoni Ribas, Jeffrey S. Weber, Bartosz Chmielowski, Begonya Comin-Anduix, David Lu, Michael Douek, Nagesh Ragavendra, Steve Raman, Elizabeth Seja, Darlene Rosario, Sabrina Miles, David C. Diamond, Zhiyong Qiu, Mihail Obrocea, Adrian Bot
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The goal of this study was to test the safety and activity of a therapeutic vaccine, MKC1106-MT, in patients with metastatic melanoma. Experimental Design: MKC1106-MT comprises a plasmid (pMEL-TYR) and two peptides (E-MEL and E-TYR), corresponding to Melan A and tyrosinase, administered by intra–lymph node injection in a prime-boost sequence. All 18 patients were HLA-A*0201 positive and received a fixed priming dose of plasmid and a low or a high peptide dose. Enumeration of antigen-specific T cells was done prior to and throughout the treatment. Patients who did not exhibit disease progression remained on study and could receive up to eight cycles of treatment. Results: The MKC1106-MT regimen was well tolerated and resulted in an overall immune response rate of 50%. The treatment showed disease control, defined as stable disease that lasted for 8 weeks or more in 6 of 18 (33%) of the patients: 14% and 46% in the low and high peptide dose, respectively. Interestingly, four patients, all with tumor burden largely confined to lymph nodes and Melan A–specific T cells at baseline, showed durable disease control associated with radiologic evidence of tumor regression. There was no noticeable correlation between the expansion of antigen-specific T cells in blood and the clinical outcome; yet, there was evidence of active tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in two regressing lesions. Conclusions: MKC1106-MT showed immunogenicity and evidence of disease control in a defined patient population. These findings support further development of this investigational agent and the concept of therapeutic vaccination in metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2987–96. ©2011 AACR.
Studies on Auditory Thresholds in Normal Man and in Patients with Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency: The Role of Adrenal Cortical Steroids*
Authors: Robert I. Henkin, Robert E. McGlone, Robert Daly, Frederic C. Bartter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Auditory thresholds for sinusoidal tones were determined in eight patients with adrenal cortical insufficiency (four with Addison's disease and four with panhypopituitarism) and compared to those in normal volunteers. In adrenal cortical insufficiency (ACI) the auditory detection sensitivity is significantly more acute than that of normal subjects over most of the frequency range, but especially in the region of greatest hearing sensitivity of normal subjects, 1,000 to 2,000 cycles per second (cps). Treatment of the patients with deoxycorticosterone acetate decreased serum potassium concentration and produced gains in body weight but did not alter auditory detection thresholds. Treatment with prednisolone or with maintenance doses of carbohydrateactive steroids returned the auditory detection threshold to normal in every patient tested.The mechanism by which carbohydrate-active steroids affect the sensitivity of the nervous system to sound is not known. However, since the senses of taste, smell, and hearing are all affected in similar fashion by their removal and replacement, there appears to be a generalized increase in sensitivity to all sensory stimuli in patients with ACI not receiving steroids. These hormones may play a significant role in maintaining the level of responsiveness of the sensory system to incoming stimuli.
Reticulo-cortical activity and behavior: A critique of the arousal theory and a new synthesis
Authors: C.H. Vanderwolf, T.E. Robinson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1981)

Abstract It is traditionally believed that cerebral activation (the presence of low voltage fast electrical activity in the neocortex and rhythmical slow activity in the hippocampus) is correlated with arousal, while deactivation (the presence of large amplitude irregular slow waves or spindles in both the neocortex and the hippocampus) is correlated with sleep or coma. However, since there are many exceptions, these generalizations have only limited validity. Activated patterns occur in normal sleep (active or paradoxical sleep) and during states of anesthesia and coma. Deactivated patterns occur, at times, during normal waking, or during behavior in awake animals treated with atropinic drugs. Also, the fact that patterns characteristic of sleep, arousal, and waking behavior continue in decorticate animals indicates that reticulo-cortical mechanisms are not essential for these aspects of behavior. These puzzles have been largely resolved by recent research indicating that there are two different kinds of input from the reticular activating system to the hippocampus and neocortex. One input is probably cholinergic; it may play a role in stimulus control of behavior. The second input is noncholinergic and appears to be related to motor activity; movement-related input to the neocortex may be dependent on a trace amine. Reticulo-cortical systems are not related to arousal in the traditional sense, but may play a role in the control of adaptive behavior by influencing the activity of the cerebral cortex, which in turn exerts control over subcortical circuits that co-ordinate muscle activity to produce behavior.