tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of cerebral palsy with Apgar score in low and normal birthweight infants: population based cohort study
Authors: K. K. Lie, E.-K. Groholt, A. Eskild
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objectives </b>To assess the association of Apgar score 5 minutes after birth with cerebral palsy in both normal weight and low birthweight children, and also the association with the cerebral palsy subdiagnoses of quadriplegia, diplegia, and hemiplegia. <b>Design </b>Population based cohort study. <b>Setting </b>The Medical Birth Registry of Norway was used to identify all babies born between 1986 and 1995. These data were linked to the Norwegian Registry of Cerebral Palsy in Children born 1986-95, which was established on the basis of discharge diagnoses at all paediatric departments in Norway. <b>Population </b>All singletons without malformations born in Norway during 1986-95 and who survived the first year of life (n=543 064). <b>Main outcome measure</b> Cerebral palsy diagnosed before the age of 5 years. <b>Results </b>988 children (1.8 in 1000) were diagnosed with cerebral palsy before the age of 5 years. In total, 11% (39/369) of the children with Apgar score of less than 3 at birth were diagnosed with cerebral palsy, compared with only 0.1% (162/179 515) of the children with Apgar score of 10 (odds ratio (OR) 53, 95% CI 35 to 80 after adjustment for birth weight). In children with a birth weight of 2500 g or more, those with an Apgar score of less than 4 were much more likely to have cerebral palsy than those who had an Apgar score of more than 8 (OR 125, 95% confidence interval 91 to 170). The corresponding OR in children weighing less than 1500 g was 5 (95% CI 2 to 9). Among children with Apgar score of less than 4, 10-17% in all birthweight groups developed cerebral palsy. Low Apgar score was strongly associated with each of the three subgroups of spastic cerebral palsy, although the association was strongest for quadriplegia (adjusted OR 137 for Apgar score &lt;4 <i>v</i> Apgar score &gt;8, 95% CI 77 to 244). <b>Conclusions </b>Low Apgar score was strongly associated with cerebral palsy. This association was high in children with normal birth weight and modest in children with low birth weight. The strength of the association differed between subgroups of spastic cerebral palsy. Given that Apgar score is a measure of vitality shortly after birth, our findings suggest that the causes of cerebral palsy are closely linked to factors that reduce infant vitality.
Viral respiratory tract infection and exacerbations of asthma in adult patients.
Authors: R Beasley, E D Coleman, Y Hermon, P E Holst, T V O'Donnell, M Tobias
Journal: Thorax (1988)

The role of viral respiratory tract infections in acute exacerbations of asthma was studied prospectively in 31 patients with atopic asthma aged 15-56 years. Patients recorded symptom scores for asthma and peak expiratory flow rate daily for 11 months. In addition, they reported for detailed clinical, functional, and virological study every four weeks and as soon as possible after the onset of worsening asthma or symptoms suggesting a respiratory tract infection. Thirty viral identifications were made, of which 18 (60%) were associated with an exacerbation of asthma. Viral respiratory tract infection was identified in 18 (10%) of the 178 exacerbations of asthma, and in 10 (36%) of the 28 severe exacerbations. The frequency of viral identifications in 16 non-asthmatic, control subjects during the same period was similar. It is concluded that viral respiratory tract infections may cause or be associated with exacerbations of asthma in adults, and that they are an important factor in severe exacerbations.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update 2014
Authors: Gary H. Lyman, Kari Bohlke, Alok A. Khorana, Nicole M. Kuderer, Agnes Y. Lee, Juan Ignacio Arcelus, Edward P. Balaban, Jeffrey M. Clarke, Christopher R. Flowers, Charles W. Francis, Leigh E. Gates, Ajay K. Kakkar, Nigel S. Key, Mark N. Levine, Howard A. Liebman, Margaret A. Tempero, Sandra L. Wong, Mark R. Somerfield, Anna Falanga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

To provide current recommendations about the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer.PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical practice guidelines from November 2012 through July 2014. An update committee reviewed the identified abstracts.Of the 53 publications identified and reviewed, none prompted a change in the 2013 recommendations.Most hospitalized patients with active cancer require thromboprophylaxis throughout hospitalization. Routine thromboprophylaxis is not recommended for patients with cancer in the outpatient setting. It may be considered for selected high-risk patients. Patients with multiple myeloma receiving antiangiogenesis agents with chemotherapy and/or dexamethasone should receive prophylaxis with either low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or low-dose aspirin. Patients undergoing major surgery should receive prophylaxis starting before surgery and continuing for at least 7 to 10 days. Extending prophylaxis up to 4 weeks should be considered in those undergoing major abdominal or pelvic surgery with high-risk features. LMWH is recommended for the initial 5 to 10 days of treatment for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism as well as for long-term secondary prophylaxis (at least 6 months). Use of novel oral anticoagulants is not currently recommended for patients with malignancy and VTE because of limited data in patients with cancer. Anticoagulation should not be used to extend survival of patients with cancer in the absence of other indications. Patients with cancer should be periodically assessed for VTE risk. Oncology professionals should educate patients about the signs and symptoms of VTE.
Is There Glucose Production Outside of the Liver and Kidney?
Authors: Stephen F. Previs, Daniel Z. Brunengraber, Henri Brunengraber
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2009)

This review analyzes the evidence presented to support the role of organs other than the liver and kidney to release substantial amounts of glucose into the mammalian blood circulation. The evidence includes (a) the identification of gluconeogenic enzyme activities in various organs, especially the small intestine, (b) levels of mRNA for the same enzymes, and (c) measurements of gluconeogenic flux in the small intestine. The latter would be the definite proof of extrahepatic, extrarenal glucose production. We critically evaluate the radioactive and stable isotopic techniques used to measure intestinal gluconeogenesis. We also simulate the impact of unavoidable measurement errors on apparent rates of intestinal gluconeogenesis. We conclude that there is so far no credible evidence to support the concept that glucose can be produced by the intestine or by muscle.
MicroRNA: basic mechanisms and transcriptional regulatory networks for cell fate determination
Authors: F. Fazi, C. Nervi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Characterization of regulatory mechanisms affecting microRNA (miRNA) expression and activity is providing novel clues for the identification of genes and complex regulatory circuits that determine cell and tissue specificity. Here, we review the molecular events leading to miRNA biogenesis and activity, focusing above all on endogenous and epigenetic transcriptional networks involving miRNA in early development, cellular lineage specification/differentiation of nervous, skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues and in haematopoiesis, as the de-regulation of such networks may be relevant to disease pathogenesis.
A Psychiatric Emergency Service and Some Treatment Concepts
Authors: WARREN B. MILLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The author describes the operations of a psychiatric emergency service in a university hospital during a six-month period. He discusses the importance of the social environment in both the development and the therapeutic resolution of a psychiatric emergency. Five cases are discussed which exemplify the work that the emergency psychiatrist can do with the patient and his ecological group during the emergency stage of contact.
Addition of salmeterol versus doubling the dose of fluticasone propionate in patients with mild to moderate asthma
Authors: J A van Noord, A J M Schreurs, S J M Mol, P G H Mulder
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The objective of this multicentre, randomised, double blind, parallel group study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the addition of salmeterol with that of doubling the dose of fluticasone propionate in asthmatic patients not controlled by a low or intermediate dose of inhaled corticosteroids. <h3>METHODS</h3> After a four week run in period of treatment with fluticasone propionate (100 μg twice daily if pre-trial dose was 400–600 μg inhaled corticosteroids or 250 μg twice daily if pre-trial dose was 800–1200 μg inhaled corticosteroids), 274 patients were randomised to treatment for 12 weeks with either salmeterol 50 μg twice daily plus the run in dose of fluticasone propionate or twice the run in dose of fluticasone propionate (200 or 500 μg twice daily). Outcome measures were daily records of peak expiratory flow (PEF), symptom scores, and clinic lung function. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The improvements in both the morning and evening PEF were better in the salmeterol than in the fluticasone propionate group, the mean increase in morning PEF being 19 l/min higher (95% CI 11.0 to 26.1) and in evening PEF being 16 l/min (95% CI 18.4 to 24.0) higher in the salmeterol group. The increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) was 0.09 l greater in the salmeterol group than in the fluticasone propionate group after four weeks of treatment (95% CI 0.01 to 0.18), but not after 12 weeks. Both regimens showed an increase in symptom free days and a reduction in the need for rescue salbutamol both during the day and the night, but these improvements were greater in the salmeterol group. There were no significant differences between the groups in adverse effects or in the number of rescue courses of oral corticosteroids. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> In this group of patients still symptomatic despite 100 or 250 μg fluticasone propionate twice daily, the addition of salmeterol caused a greater improvement in lung function and symptom control than doubling the dose of fluticasone propionate.
TOF-SIMS analysis of exhaled particles from patients with asthma and healthy controls
Authors: A-C. Almstrand, M. Josefson, A. Bredberg, J. Lausmaa, P. Sjövall, P. Larsson, A-C. Olin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Particles in exhaled air (PEx) may reflect the composition of respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF); thus, there is a need to assess their potential as sources of biomarkers for respiratory diseases. In the present study, we compared PEx from patients with asthma and controls using time-of-flight–secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and multivariate analysis. Particles were collected using an instrument developed in-house. 15 nonsmoking subjects with physician-diagnosed asthma and 11 nonsmoking healthy controls performed 10 consecutive forced exhalations into the instrument. Particle concentrations were recorded and samples of particles collected on silicon plates were analysed by TOF-SIMS. Subjects with asthma exhaled significantly lower numbers of particles than controls (p=0.03) and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated phospholipids was significantly lower in samples from subjects with asthma (0.25 versus 0.35; p=0.036). Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis models showed good separation between both positive and negative spectra. Molecular ions from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, and protein fragments were found to discriminate the groups. We conclude that analysis of PEx is a promising method to examine the composition of RTLF. In the present explorative study, we could discriminate between subjects with asthma and healthy controls based on TOF-SIMS spectra from PEx.
Contact leukomelanosis induced by the leaves of Piper betle L. (Piperaceae): A clinical and histopathologic survey
Authors: Yuan-Li Liao, Yuh-Chiau Chiang, Tsen-Fang Tsai, Ren-Fung Lee, Yuh-Chang Chan, Cheng-Hsiang Hsiao
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)
Challenges in pulmonary fibrosis {middle dot} 1: Use of high resolution CT scanning of the lung for the evaluation of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Authors: M. B Gotway, M. M Freemer, T. E King
Journal: Thorax (2007)

High resolution CT (HRCT) scanning has contributed significantly to the evaluation of patients with interstitial lung disease and is particularly useful in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The characteristic radiographic features of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias on HRCT scans have been increasingly analysed and are now fairly well described. Based on current data, HRCT scanning can provide a confident, highly specific diagnosis of IPF in many patients with diffuse lung disease. This article reviews an organised approach to HRCT scanning and identifies the features that allow an accurate diagnosis of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias to be made. The role of surgical lung biopsy is discussed in the diagnosis of cases when a definite HRCT diagnosis cannot be made.
Dietary fibre, whole grains, and risk of colorectal cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: D. Aune, D. S. M. Chan, R. Lau, R. Vieira, D. C. Greenwood, E. Kampman, T. Norat
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the association between intake of dietary fibre and whole grains and risk of colorectal cancer. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. <b>Data sources</b> PubMed and several other databases up to December 2010 and the reference lists of studies included in the analysis as well as those listed in published meta-analyses. <b>Study selection</b> Prospective cohort and nested case-control studies of dietary fibre or whole grain intake and incidence of colorectal cancer. <b>Results</b> 25 prospective studies were included in the analysis. The summary relative risk of developing colorectal cancer for 10 g daily of total dietary fibre (16 studies) was 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.94, I<sup>2</sup>=0%), for fruit fibre (n=9) was 0.93 (0.82 to 1.05, I<sup>2</sup>=23%), for vegetable fibre (n=9) was 0.98 (0.91 to 1.06, I<sup>2</sup>=0%), for legume fibre (n=4) was 0.62 (0.27 to 1.42, I<sup>2</sup>=58%), and for cereal fibre (n=8) was 0.90 (0.83 to 0.97, I<sup>2</sup>=0%). The summary relative risk for an increment of three servings daily of whole grains (n=6) was 0.83 (0.78 to 0.89, I<sup>2</sup>=18%). <b>Conclusion</b> A high intake of dietary fibre, in particular cereal fibre and whole grains, was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Further studies should report more detailed results, including those for subtypes of fibre and be stratified by other risk factors to rule out residual confounding. Further assessment of the impact of measurement errors on the risk estimates is also warranted.
IN-VIVO RADIOTOXICITY OF DNA-INCORPORATED 125I COMPARED WITH THAT OF DENSELY IONISING ALPHA-PARTICLES
Authors: DandamudiV. Rao, RogerW. Howell, VenkateswaraR. Narra, GeorgeF. Govelitz, KandulaS.R. Sastry
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Molecular insight into the viral biology and clinical features of trichodysplasia spinulosa
Authors: J.H. Wu, H.P. Nguyen, P.L. Rady, S.K. Tyring
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a disfiguring skin disease that occurs most frequently in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies, and is thus frequently associated with organ transplantation. TS is characterized clinically by folliculocentric papular eruption, keratin spine formation and development of leonine face; and histologically by expansion of the inner root sheath epithelium and high expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67. Recent discovery of the TS-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) and emerging studies demonstrating the role of TSPyV tumour antigens in cell proliferation pathways have opened a new corridor for research on TS. In this brief review, we summarize the clinical and histological features of TS and evaluate the current options for therapy. Furthermore, we address the viral aetiology of the disease and explore the mechanisms by which TSPyV may influence TS development and progression. As reports of TS continue to rise, clinician recognition of TS, as well as accompanying research on its underlying pathogenesis and therapeutic options, is becoming increasingly important. It is our hope that heightened clinical suspicion for TS will increase rates of diagnosis and will galvanize both molecular and clinical interest in this disease.
Retreatment with bortezomib alone or in combination for patients with multiple myeloma following an initial response to bortezomib
Authors: Raman Sood, Harry Carloss, Robert Kerr, Jose Lopez, Martin Lee, Mark Druck, Ian B. Walters, Stephen J. Noga
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Abstract This clinical trial was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of bortezomib retreatment in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who had previously responded to bortezomib. Patients with progressive MM who had previously tolerated bortezomib as a single agent or in combination with other drugs, with a minimum of partial response (PR; ≥50% M‐protein reduction) for ≥4 months, who had not received intervening MM therapy, were retreated with bortezomib (days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21‐day cycle) with a starting dose being the dose at which the patient ended the initial treatment. Patients were allowed to receive bortezomib on retreatment in combination with dexamethasone, thalidomide, or doxorubicin. Thirty‐two patients received bortezomib retreatment (most with added dexamethasone). The median treatment‐free interval (last dose of initial bortezomib treatment to first dose of retreatment) was 9.9 (range 2.5–34.0) months. The median duration of retreatment was 2.8 (&lt;1–7.9) months; median total duration of bortezomib treatment was 6.7 (2.5–19.8) months. Based on the investigators' assessment of best response, the overall response rate (complete plus PR) was 50%. The median time from start of retreatment to progressive disease (PD) was 6.6 (95% confidence interval: 5.1–9.6) months. Thirteen patients (41%) experienced PN; bortezomib‐related SAEs were reported in four patients. Retreatment with bortezomib alone or in combination is effective and well tolerated in patients with MM who have responded to their initial bortezomib treatment. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subsquamous Extension of Intestinal Metaplasia Is Detected in 98% of Cases of Neoplastic Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: Mario Anders, Yasmin Lucks, Muhammad Abbas El-Masry, Alexander Quaas, Thomas Rösch, Guido Schachschal, Christina Bähr, Ulrich Gauger, Guido Sauter, Jakob R Izbicki, Andreas H Marx
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
India Ink Incorporated Multifunctional Phase-transition Nanodroplets for Photoacoustic/Ultrasound Dual-modality Imaging and Photoacoustic Effect Based Tumor Therapy
Authors: Jia Jian, Chengbo Liu, Yuping Gong, Lei Su, Bin Zhang, Zhigang Wang, Dong wang, Yu Zhou, Fenfen Xu, Pan Li, Yuanyi Zheng, Liang Song, Xiyuan Zhou
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

The in vivo applications of gas-core microbubbles have been limited by gas diffusion, rapid body clearance, and poor vascular permeability.To overcome these limitations, using a modified three-step emulsion process, we have developed a first-of-its-kind India ink incorporated optically-triggerable phase-transition perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (INDs) that can provide not only three types of contrast mechanisms-conventional/thermoelastic photoacoustic, phase-transition/ nonlinear photoacoustic, and ultrasound imaging contrasts, but also a new avenue for photoacoustic effect mediated tumor therapy.Upon pulsed laser illumination above a relatively low energy threshold, liquid-gas phase transition of the INDs has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, offering excellent contrasts for photoacoustic and ultrasound dual-modality imaging.With further increased laser energy, the nanodroplets have been shown to be capable of destructing cancer cells in vivo, presumably due to the photoacoustic effect induced shock-wave generation from the carbon particles of the incorporated India ink.The demonstrated results suggest that the developed multifunctional phase-transition nanodroplets have a great potential for many theranostic biomedical applications, including photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality molecular imaging and targeted, localized cancer therapy.
Dysregulated peripheral blood miRNAs in murine experimental and human childhood asthma
Authors: Nikola Schulz, Sabine Bartel, Francesca Alessandrini, Gaby Heilig, Oliver Eickelberg, Joachim Heinrich, Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The involvement of genetic and environmental factors in asthma is evident. As miRNAs can both respond to the environment and regulate complex signalling networks at the posttranscriptional level they may be implicated in the disease.  In previous work we have identified dysregulated pulmonary miRNAs in experimental asthma (ERS Barcelona 2010, abstract 6106). In the present study we were interested to see if selected lung miRNAs are also altered in murine peripheral blood and whether these changes are similar in peripheral blood of asthmatic children. MiRNAs were quantified by rt-qPCR in blood from ovalbumin sensitized and challenged Balb/c mice and controls. Ten year old children were selected based on the following criteria: current allergic asthma, absence of acute infections and ETS exposure. Age matched controls from the same cohort were included when they never had asthma and were free from acute infections. MiRNAs were quantified in bio-banked blood samples.  Out of 10 children with diagnosed asthma 6 had a record of atopic eczema at any time and 4 had had allergic rhinitis ever.  A set of 5 differentially regulated miRNAs (miRNA 17-5p, 21, 144, 181a, 451) in murine lung were chosen to be examined in blood samples. Murine blood and lung tissue miRNAs showed inverse expression patterns. Murine und paediatric blood samples showed the same trend of regulation compared to healthy controls. In this study we found opposite expression of selected miRNAs in lung tissue compared to blood of mice with an asthmatic phenotype. This expression pattern was similar in human blood samples of asthmatic children. These results call for further studies to explore blood miRNAs as potential biomarkers in asthma.