tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in children with moderate-to-severe eczema: a comparative cohort study
Authors: S. Darné, S.N. Leech, A.E.M. Taylor
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

There is only retrospective evidence for the efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) in children with eczema.To measure the difference in means for objective scores [Six Area Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis score (SASSAD), percentage surface area] and quality-of-life scores, between patients treated with NB-UVB and unexposed cohorts at the end of treatment, and 3 and 6 months post-treatment.Twenty-nine children aged 3-16 years for whom NB-UVB was indicated, were scored prospectively using SASSAD and percentage surface area involvement at baseline, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 3 and 6 months post-NB-UVB. Their scores were compared with those of unexposed children (n = 26) for whom NB-UVB phototherapy was indicated and offered, but who chose not to undertake treatment.There was a 61% reduction in mean SASSAD score in the NB-UVB cohort compared with an increase of 6% in the unexposed cohort. Mean SASSAD score for the NB-UVB cohort at the end of treatment was 11.6 vs. 24.8 for the unexposed; difference in means -13.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) -18.7 to -7.7, P < 0.0001]. Mean surface area involvement at the end of treatment was 11% for the NB-UVB cohort vs. 36% for the unexposed cohort; difference in means -25% (95% CI -34% to -16%, P < 0.0001). Subjective and quality-of-life scores showed significant difference between cohorts at the end of treatment (P < 0.05). Objective scores remained significantly lower than in the unexposed cohort 3 and 6 months after treatment.NB-UVB is clinically effective and improves quality of life in children with moderate-to-severe eczema. The effect is maintained for 6 months after treatment.
No evidence for a role of the <i>catechol-O-methyltransferase</i> pain sensitivity haplotypes in chronic widespread pain
Authors: Barbara I Nicholl, Kate L Holliday, Gary J Macfarlane, Wendy Thomson, Kelly A Davies, Terence W O'Neill, Gyorgy Bartfai, Steven Boonen, Felipe Casanueva, Joseph D Finn, Gianni Forti, Aleksander Giwercman, Ilpo T Huhtaniemi, Krzysztof Kula, Margus Punab, Alan J Silman, Dirk Vanderschueren, Frederick C W Wu, John McBeth
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) 'pain sensitivity' haplotypes and chronic widespread pain (CWP) in two distinct cohorts.Cases of CWP and controls free of pain were selected from two population-based studies: the Epidemiology of Functional Disorders study (EPIFUND) (UK) and the European Male Ageing Study (European). The number of cases and controls were 164 and 172, and 204 and 935, respectively. Identical American College of Rheumatology criteria were used in both studies to ascertain CWP status. The EPIFUND study had three time points and cases were classified as subjects with CWP at two or three time points and controls as those free of pain at all three time points. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP): rs6269, rs4633, rs4818 and rs4680 (V158M) were genotyped using Sequenom technology. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared and haplotype analysis was conducted using PLINK software.No differences in allele or genotype frequencies for any of the four SNP were observed between cases and controls for either cohort. Haplotype analysis also showed no difference in the frequency of haplotypes between cases and controls.There was no evidence of association between the COMT 'pain sensitivity' haplotypes and CWP in two population-based cohorts.
Expression of adhesion molecules in pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp disease)
Authors: P. DRILLENBURG, C.M. BRONKHORST, A.C. WAL, L.A. NOORDUYN, R. HOEKZEMA, S.T. PALS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Cell adhesion molecules play a critical role in lymphocyte migration and homing. They convey tissue-specific homing properties to lymphocyte subsets and regulate the positioning of these subsets in the body. In a patient with pagetoid reticulosis, a rare form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma characterized by extreme epitheliotropism, we examined the expression of adhesion molecules. The neoplastic T lymphocytes showed a strong expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, a skin-homing receptor which interacts with E-selectin on skin endothelium. alpha E beta 7 an adhesion molecule interacting with E-cadherin on epithelial cells, was also expressed on tumour cells. These findings suggest that adhesion molecules are responsible for the unique growth pattern in pagetoid reticulosis, and for the clinical behaviour of the disorder.
Identification of differentially expressed proteins in human malignant pleural effusions
Authors: W-Y. Hsieh, M-W. Chen, H-T. Ho, T-M. You, Y-T. Lu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

A high protein concentration in a pleural effusion makes it more likely to be a malignant than a transudative effusion. However, the variability in protein composition between these two forms of pleural effusion is not well understood. In order to compare their protein compositions, the proteomic profiles of 14 malignant and 13 transudative pleural effusions were studied using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein spots with differential expression were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Targeted proteins were further examined by ELISA and Western immunoassay in all samples. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed seven spots whose expression was reduced in malignant pleural effusions. Four of the abnormal spots were identified as fibrinogen gamma-chain precursor, two as fibrinogen beta-chain precursor and one as pigment epithelium-derived factor. ELISA and Western immunoassay showed that pigment epithelium-derived factor levels were significantly lower in malignant than in transudative pleural effusions. It has been demonstrated that proteomic technologies may help in the elucidation of variable expression of proteins with particular functions. By applying these technologies, the level of pigment epithelium-derived factor, a potent anti-angiogenic factor, was found to be significantly lower in malignant than in transudative pleural effusions. This finding allows for further exploration regarding how underexpression of pigment epithelium-derived factor may relate to the pathogenesis of malignant pleural effusions.
Angiotensin II and Serum Differentially Regulate Expression of Cyclins, Activity of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, and Phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma Gene Product in Neonatal Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Junichi Sadoshima, Hiroki Aoki, Seigo Izumo
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

The hypertrophic response in cardiac myocytes and the mitogenic response in other cell types share various early cellular responses. However, how the subsequent cell growth response, such as cell cycle machinery, is regulated in cardiac hypertrophy is not understood. Using cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, we examined the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II), a hypertrophic stimulus, on mRNA and protein expression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks), activity of cdks, and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (pRb). The effect of FCS, a stimulus that was previously reported to initiate both protein and DNA synthesis in cardiac myocytes, was also examined for comparison. Ang II activated cdk4 and caused phosphorylation of pRb, peaking at 12 hours, but subsequently downregulated cyclin D1, D3, and A expression and cdk2 activity. FCS increased the expression of G1-S cyclins, caused activation of cdk4, cdk2, and cdc2, and strongly phosphorylated pRb but failed to significantly stimulate DNA synthesis in neonatal cardiac myocytes. These results suggest that Ang II transiently activates but subsequently downregulates cell cycle regulators. Induction of G1 and G1-S cyclins and activation of cdks by FCS are not sufficient to drive cardiac myocytes into S phase. The functional role of pRb phosphorylation by Ang II and serum stimulation and, by inference, the subsequent liberation of E2F in terminally differentiated myocytes remain to be elucidated.
Noninvasive Detection of <i>EGFR</i> T790M in Gefitinib or Erlotinib Resistant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yanan Kuang, Andrew Rogers, Beow Y. Yeap, Lilin Wang, Mike Makrigiorgos, Kristi Vetrand, Sara Thiede, Robert J. Distel, Pasi A. Jänne
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Tumors from 50% of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients that develop resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib will contain a secondary EGFR T790M mutation. As most patients do not undergo repeated tumor biopsies we evaluated whether EGFR T790M could be detected using plasma DNA.DNA from plasma of 54 patients with known clinical response to gefitinib or erlotinib was extracted and used to detect both EGFR-activating and EGFR T790M mutations. Forty-three (80%) of patients had tumor EGFR sequencing (EGFR mutant/wild type: 30/13) and seven patients also had EGFR T790M gefitinib/erlotinib-resistant tumors. EGFR mutations were detected using two methods, the Scorpion Amplification Refractory Mutation System and the WAVE/Surveyor, combined with whole genome amplification.Both EGFR-activating and EGFR T790M were identified in 70% of patients with known tumor EGFR-activating (21 of 30) or T790M (5 of 7) mutations. EGFR T790M was identified from plasma DNA in 54% (15 of 28) of patients with prior clinical response to gefitinib/erlotinib, 29% (4 of 14) with prior stable disease, and in 0% (0 of 12) that had primary progressive disease or were untreated with gefitinib/erlotinib.EGFR T790M can be detected using plasma DNA from gefitinib- or erlotinib-resistant patients. This noninvasive method may aid in monitoring drug resistance and in directing the course of subsequent therapy.
THE ROLE OF RHYTHMIC PATTERNS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: REGINALD S. LOURIE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

Rhythmic motor patterns are presented as a normal phenomenon in the infant, appearing to serve the purpose of satisfying an in stinctual need and facilitating motor and ego growth and development. Clinically, in the course of the child's use of such motor patterns, secondary values are often found to become prominent, and the repetitive movements then seem to serve other needs in addition to their organizing and mobilizing effects. Such secondary uses take the form of expression of pleasure, expression and relief of tension and anxiety, and provision of a form of compensatory satisfaction. In childhood schizophrenia they seem to represent also a regressive phenomenon. Such secondary values and uses of the stereotyped motor activity may cause the persistence of such patterns past the infantile period. Investigations into the nature and sources of the rhythmic movements reveal that auditory, kinesthetic, tactile, and visual stimuli are their important components and that the auditory component is probably the most significant one in the head banger. The rate of the rhythmic movements seems to have a definite relationship to one of the time beats in the body, with usually the heart or breathing rate acting as the pacemaker. The neurophysiological basis and the uses of the rhythmic movement are considered. Observations are offered as to the handling and treatment of such patterns where they have acquired psychopathological or nuisance value. Speculations are offered as to the possible use of rhythmic motor activities in therapy.
Accelerated Atherosclerosis by Placement of a Perivascular Cuff and a Cholesterol-Rich Diet in ApoE*3Leiden Transgenic Mice
Authors: J. H. P. Lardenoye, D. J. M. Delsing, M. R. de Vries, M. M. L. Deckers, H. M. G. Princen, L. M. Havekes, V. W. M. van Hinsbergh, J. H. van Bockel, P. H. A. Quax
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury is usually studied in animal models with healthy, normocholesterolemic animals. Here, we assess the effect of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia on the induction of intimal hyperplasia in ApoE*3Leiden mice. A nonconstrictive polyethylene cuff was placed around the femoral artery of ApoE3*Leiden mice fed a highly cholesterol-rich diet, a mildly cholesterol-rich diet, or a chow diet for 4 weeks. Diets were continued after cuff placement until euthanization. At several time points (1 to 14 days), mice were euthanized and the intimal hyperplasia in the cuffed arteries was analyzed. In mice fed a chow diet, a 2- to 4-cell-layer–thick intima, predominantly consisting of α smooth muscle cell actin–positive cells, was observed after 14 days. A mildly cholesterol-rich diet (mean plasma-cholesterol level, 10.5 mmol/L) resulted in a 2.7-fold increase of total intimal area, and a highly cholesterol-rich diet (mean plasma cholesterol level 28.6 mmol/L), in a 7.8-fold increase. In the high-cholesterol group, the intima consisted predominantly of lipid-loaded foam cells and α smooth muscle cell actin–positive cells. Foam cell accumulation could be observed by as early as 3 days, resulting in a near-total occlusion of the lumen after 14 days. Hypercholesterolemia resulted in a rapid, cholesterol-dependent induction of foam cell–rich intimal hyperplasia in cuffed femoral arteries of ApoE*3Leiden mice. In conclusion, the present data show that the combination of a local (cuff placement) and a systemic (hypercholesterolemic) risk factor of atherosclerosis results in a rapid induction (within 14 days) of atherosclerotic-like lesions in ApoE*3Leiden mice.
<i>Man in Armour Holding a Pike</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pain as an old friend.
Authors: F D Hart
Journal: BMJ (1979)

to expedite the delivery in only 16 60,, of the trial group compared with 29)0 of the control group.The fetal condition in the epidural series was improved, with 16 1",, having a pH of less than 7 25 compared with 34-3",, of the controls.The improved fetal condition in the second stage was also reflected by the difference in the Apgar scores.We proposed that this improvement in the epidural series resulted from the abolition of the bearing- down reflex, which caused a reduction in maternal expulsive efforts and a consequent improvement in the uteroplacental flow.We have been especially concerned about the well-known premature maternal expulsive efforts that occur in multigravida breech deliveries before full dilatation of the cervix.This is well illustrated in one of our eight patients who did not receive epidural analgesia (no anaesthetist available).This patient, a multigravida, started to bear down before full cervical dilatation, resulting in a traumatic delivery of the after-coming head through an incompletely dilated cervix.The baby died after 24 hours and was found to have an intracranial haemorrhage as a result of bilateral tentorial tears.We believe that a vaginal breech delivery is best achieved with a well-relaxed and cooperative patient with good analgesia, which is superior with an epidural.In addition, we did not see the precipitous spontaneous breech delivery that can often occur in grand multiparity.In conclusion, we agree with Crawford's review and would strongly recommend epidural analgesia in the manage- ment of all vaginal breech deliveries.We have shown that breech extraction is not increased, and the fetal condition, as shown by pH in the second stage of labour and Apgar scores, is greatly improved.
Enhanced at puberty 1 (EAP1) is a new transcriptional regulator of the female neuroendocrine reproductive axis
Authors: Sabine Heger, Claudio Mastronardi, Gregory A. Dissen, Alejandro Lomniczi, Ricardo Cabrera, Christian L. Roth, Heike Jung, Francesco Galimi, Wolfgang Sippell, Sergio R. Ojeda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The initiation of mammalian puberty and the maintenance of female reproductive cycles are events controlled by hypothalamic neurons that secrete the decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH secretion is, in turn, controlled by changes in neuronal and glial inputs to GnRH-producing neurons. The hierarchical control of the process is unknown, but it requires coordinated regulation of these cell-cell interactions. Here we report the functional characterization of a gene (termed enhanced at puberty 1 [EAP1]) that appears to act as an upstream transcriptional regulator of neuronal networks controlling female reproductive function. EAP1 expression increased selectively at puberty in both the nonhuman primate and rodent hypothalamus. EAP1 encoded a nuclear protein expressed in neurons involved in the inhibitory and facilitatory control of reproduction. EAP1 transactivated genes required for reproductive function, such as GNRH1, and repressed inhibitory genes, such as preproenkephalin. It contained a RING finger domain of the C3HC4 subclass required for this dual transcriptional activity. Inhibition of EAP1 expression, targeted to the rodent hypothalamus via lentivirus-mediated delivery of EAP1 siRNAs, delayed puberty, disrupted estrous cyclicity, and resulted in ovarian abnormalities. These results suggest that EAP1 is a transcriptional regulator that, acting within the neuroendocrine brain, contributes to controlling female reproductive function.
Integrating Optogenetic and Pharmacological Approaches to Study Neural Circuit Function: Current Applications and Future Directions
Authors: Garret D. Stuber, Alex O. Mason
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2013)

Optogenetic strategies to control genetically distinct populations of neurons with light have been rapidly evolving and widely adopted by the neuroscience community as one of the most important tool sets to study neural circuit function. Although optogenetics have already reshaped neuroscience by allowing for more precise control of circuit function compared with traditional techniques, current limitations of these approaches should be considered. Here, we discuss several strategies that combine optogenetic and contemporary pharmacological techniques to further increase the specificity of neural circuit manipulation. We also discuss recent advances that allow for the selective modulation of cellular function and gene expression with light. In addition, we outline a novel application of optogenetic circuit analysis for causally addressing the role of pathway-specific neural activity in mediating alterations in postsynaptic transcriptional processing in genetically defined neurons. By determining how optogenetic activation of specific neural circuits causally contributes to alterations in gene expression in a high-throughput fashion, novel biologic targets for future pharmacological intervention may be uncovered. Lastly, extending this experimental pipeline to selectively target pharmacotherapies to genetically defined neuronal populations or circuits will not only provide more selective control of neural circuits, but also may lead to the development of neural circuit specific pharmacological therapeutics.
Early Growth Response-1 Promotes Atherogenesis
Authors: Evis Harja, Loredana G. Bucciarelli, Yan Lu, David M. Stern, Yu Shan Zou, Ann Marie Schmidt, Shi-Fang Yan
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) regulates expression of proinflammatory and procoagulant genes in acute cell stress. Experimental evidence suggested that Egr-1 transcripts were upregulated in human atherosclerotic plaques versus adjacent unaffected tissue. To test the impact of Egr-1 in chronic vascular stress, we examined its role in a murine model of atherosclerosis. Real-time PCR analysis of aortae retrieved from apoE −/− mice demonstrated increased Egr-1 transcripts in an age-dependent manner, compared with aortae retrieved from C57BL/6 control animals. Therefore, homozygous Egr-1 −/− mice were bred into the apoE −/− background. Homozygous double-knockout mice (Egr-1 −/− /apoE −/− ) in the C57BL/6 background were maintained on normal chow diet. At age 14 and 24 weeks, atherosclerotic lesion area and complexity at the aortic root were strikingly decreased in mice deficient in both Egr-1 and apoE compared with mice deficient in apoE alone. In parallel, transcripts for genes regulating the inflammatory/prothrombotic response were diminished in Egr-1 −/− /apoE −/− aortae versus apoE −/− . In vitro, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), a key factor inciting atherogenic mechanisms in the vasculature, upregulated Egr-1 expression in monocytes via the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway. We conclude that Egr-1 broadly regulates expression of molecules critically linked to atherogenesis and lesion progression.
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema by Alloxan
Authors: DOMINGO M. AVIADO, CARL F. SCHMIDT
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Alloxan causes pulmonary edema in anesthetized dogs by a local action in the lungs. Measurements of blood pressures, flow, vascular resistance and blood volume of intact and perfused lungs suggest that the initiation of edema is due to capillary congestion brought about by constriction of Pulmonary veins.