tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic Marrow Transplantation in the Treatment of Preleukemia
Authors: FREDERICK R. APPELBAUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Ten patients with preleukemia and life-threatening pancytopenia were treated with marrow transplantation. In all ten cases allogeneic marrow was successfully engrafted. In three patients prepared for transplantation with cyclophosphamide alone, the abnormal cell clone either persisted or reemerged within 6 months of transplantation. The other seven patients were treated with cyclophosphamide plus total body irradiation before transplantation and six of the seven are alive and well without evidence of disease from 7 to 25 months after transplantation. These results suggest that cyclophosphamide alone before marrow transplantation is incapable of eradicating the abnormal clone. Cyclophosphamide combined with total body irradiation appears more effective, although more time is needed for full evaluation of results. This experience also emphasizes the importance of performing chromosome studies before transplantation for pancytopenic states in order to identify cases of preleukemia.
Enhancement of Learning and Memory by Elevating Brain Magnesium
Authors: Inna Slutsky, Nashat Abumaria, Long-Jun Wu, Chao Huang, Ling Zhang, Bo Li, Xiang Zhao, Arvind Govindarajan, Ming-Gao Zhao, Min Zhuo, Susumu Tonegawa, Guosong Liu
Journal: Neuron (2010)
EASL Recognition Awardee 2012
Authors: Massimo Pinzani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Scott L. Friedman, Fishberg Professor of Medicine, and Chief of the Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, USA, received the EASL International Recognition Award during the 2012 International Liver Congress in Barcelona and I was honored to introduce the Award in front of the massive audience of the plenary session. The preparation of the presentation for the Award to Scott Friedman gave me the opportunity to elaborate on the meaning of the word ‘‘recognition’’, i.e. credit, acknowledgement, appreciation, respect. Indeed, any of these words reflects the gratitude of the Hepatology community for the contribution of Scott Friedman to the great progress of the scientific knowledge in this area of medicine and the advancements in clinical practice. Scott L. Friedman is a 1979 graduate of Mount Sinai School of Medicine. After graduation, he became a Medical Resident at the Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, then a Gastroenterology Fellow at UCSF before taking a faculty position there, which he held for 10 years. During a 1995–96 sabbatical from UCSF, he was a Fulbright Scholar and Visiting Professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, in the laboratory of Dr. Moshe Oren. In 1997, Scott returned to the Mount Sinai School of Medicine where he held the position of Fishberg Professor of Medicine. Since 2001, he is Chief of the Division of Liver Diseases. In 2003, Scott was awarded the Hans Popper International Liver Research Prize, recognizing his pioneering work into mechanisms and treatments of hepatic fibrosis. He has authored over 300 scientific articles, and he has served as mentor to over 50 students, physicians, and postdoctoral trainees. As President of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases in 2009, Scott oversaw several major new initiatives that accelerated the growth of this organization. Liver fibrosis is the area where Scott has provided a fundamental contribute with his pioneering research in the 1980s and with the following almost 30 years of research activity always at the top level. His work has spawned an entire field that is now realizing its translational and therapeutic potential, with
Glucagon induces the plasma membrane insertion of functional aquaporin-8 water channels in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: S Gradilone
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Although glucagon is known to stimulate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated hepatocyte bile secretion, the precise mechanisms accounting for this choleretic effect are unknown. We recently reported that hepatocytes express the water channel aquaporin-8 (AQP8), which is located primarily in intracellular vesicles, and its relocalization to plasma membranes can be induced with dibutyryl cAMP. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that glucagon induces the trafficking of AQP8 to the hepatocyte plasma membrane and thus increases membrane water permeability. Immunoblotting analysis in subcellular fractions from isolated rat hepatocytes indicated that glucagon caused a significant, dose-dependent increase in the amount of AQP8 in plasma membranes (e.g., 102% with 1 micromol/L glucagon) and a simultaneous decrease in intracellular membranes (e.g., 38% with 1 micromol/L glucagon). Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in cultured hepatocytes confirmed the glucagon-induced redistribution of AQP8 from intracellular vesicles to plasma membrane. Polarized hepatocyte couplets showed that this redistribution was specifically to the canalicular domain. Glucagon also significantly increased hepatocyte membrane water permeability by about 70%, which was inhibited by the water channel blocker dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The inhibitors of protein kinase A, H-89, and PKI, as well as the microtubule blocker colchicine, prevented the glucagon effect on both AQP8 redistribution to hepatocyte surface and cell membrane water permeability. In conclusion, our data suggest that glucagon induces the protein kinase A and microtubule-dependent translocation of AQP8 water channels to the hepatocyte canalicular plasma membrane, which in turn leads to an increase in membrane water permeability. These findings provide evidence supporting the molecular mechanisms of glucagon-induced hepatocyte bile secretion.
POLYMORPHONUCLEAR INVASION OF WOUNDED CORNEAS
Authors: Virginia Weimar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Polymorphonuclear invasion of the wounded rat cornea is quantitatively described. The inflammatory cells enter the wounded tissue during the 5th postoperative hour. They steadily increase in number until they reach a maximum between 24 and 36 hours and return to normal by about the 6th day. Six hour wounds are used to evaluate the influence of topically applied drugs on the polymorphonuclear infiltration of the wounded area. Sodium salicylate is an effective inhibitor of polymorphonuclear invasion when it is used during the 2nd postoperative hour, but it is without effect when it is applied after this time. Soybean trypsin inhibitor prevents the invasion of polymorphonuclear cells when it is administered during the 2nd hour only, or the 3rd and 4th hours together, or the 5th and 6th hours together. The results indicate that activation of a proteolytic enzyme (or enzymes) in the injured corneal tissue is an essential step leading to polymorphonuclear invasion. During the first 2 postoperative hours the anti-inflammatory effects of both drugs are nearly identical and may reflect an inhibition of the same proteolytic reaction or some different but closely related reactions.
Portsea Island Union Hospital
Authors: F. Page
Journal: BMJ (1866)

British Medical JournaL misery of expression, averred his belief " that it was all caused by bad practices."It appeared that he had enjoyed good sight until the age of 17, when his eyes began gradually to fail.He had been addicted to onanism from early boyhood.He could now with difficulty make out letters of No. 16 at two inches.He was a pale cachectic man.I have learnt from his friends that since he was at Moorfields he has become quite blind, and that he is now in an asylum.
Antibody response of C3H in equilibrium (CKB X CWB)F1 tetraparental mice to poly-L(Tyr,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala-poly-L-Lys immunization.
Authors: K B Bechtol, H O McDevitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

To test whether the antigen-specific stimulation of low responder-genotype B cells in tetraparental mice is due to a histoincompatibility reaction (allogeneic effect) against these B cells, tetraparental mice were constructed (a) between an Ir-1A low responder to the antigen poly-L(Tyr,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-L-Lys. [(T,G)-A--L] and an Ir-1A F1 high responder and (b) between two histoincompatible Ir-lA low responders. In the first case the F1 high responder embryo shares the whole of the H-2 complex, including Ir, with the low responder embryo.
Importance of Communication Between Producers and Consumers of Publicly Available Experimental Data
Authors: L. A. Liotta, M. Lowenthal, A. Mehta, T. P. Conrads, T. D. Veenstra, D. A. Fishman, E. F. Petricoin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

The application of mass spectrometry to discover new cancer biomarkers is in its infancy. Many of these new markers are low-abundance proteins that exist as fragments associated with carrier proteins. Although reproducibility is key to the use of mass spectrometry for ion fingerprint analysis, the scientific community has yet to establish a common platform or standardized operating procedures that are necessary for intra- and inter-laboratory comparison. In an effort to assist others who are perfecting mass spectrometry platforms for profiling, ongoing experimental data were posted for public consumption. An unintended consequence of unrestricted access to experimental data is the risk of inappropriate conclusions drawn and publicly disseminated that could have been avoided by communication between the producers and consumers of the data. Such disputes, however, should not divert us from the validation of this promising new approach.
Serum Proteomic Patterns for Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Emanuel F Petricoin, David K Ornstein, Cloud P Paweletz, Ali Ardekani, Paul S Hackett, Ben A Hitt, Alfredo Velassco, Christian Trucco, Laura Wiegand, Kamillah Wood, Charles B Simone, Peter J Levine, W Marston Linehan, Michael R Emmert-Buck, Seth M Steinberg, Elise C Kohn, Lance A Liotta
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Pathologic states within the prostate may be reflected by changes in serum proteomic patterns. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed serum proteomic mass spectra with a bioinformatics tool to reveal the most fit pattern that discriminated the training set of sera of men with a histopathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer (serum prostate-specific antigen [PSA] > or =4 ng/mL) from those men without prostate cancer (serum PSA level <1 ng/mL). Mass spectra of blinded sera (N = 266) from a test set derived from men with prostate cancer or men without prostate cancer were matched against the discriminating pattern revealed by the training set. A predicted diagnosis of benign disease or cancer was rendered based on similarity to the discriminating pattern discovered from the training set. The proteomic pattern correctly predicted 36 (95%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 82% to 99%) of 38 patients with prostate cancer, while 177 (78%, 95% CI = 72% to 83%) of 228 patients were correctly classified as having benign conditions. For men with marginally elevated PSA levels (4-10 ng/mL; n = 137), the specificity was 71%. If validated in future series, serum proteomic pattern diagnostics may be of value in deciding whether to perform a biopsy on a man with an elevated PSA level.
Disorders of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Absorption and Transport
Authors: C R Kapadia, R M Donaldson
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1985)

Highly specialized mechanisms are required for transporting cobalamin (vitamin B12) into and out of mammalian cells. This review describes the key role of the cobalamin-binding proteins in meeting the stringent requirements for transport of this essential nutrient. Also summarized are the various defects capable of impairing intestinal absorption and transcellular transport of cobalamin. Elucidation of these defects proved crucial for our current understanding of normal cobalamin transport mechanisms.
The Pathophysiology of Pleural Effusions
Authors: Steven A. Sahn
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1990)

Two features of human parietal pleura explain its role in the formation and removal of pleural liquid and protein in the normal state: the proximity of the microvessels to the pleural surface and the presence of stomata situated between mesothelial cells. For pleural fluid to accumulate in disease, there must be increased production from increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic or pleural pressure, increased microvascular permeability, or peritoneal-pleural movement. The rate of formation must overwhelm lymphatic clearance, which may be decreased by hydrostatic forces or blocked by malignant infiltration.
Endogenous Opioids: Biology and Function
Authors: Huda Akil, Stanley J. Watson, Elizabeth Young, Michael E. Lewis, Henry Khachaturian, J. Michael Walker
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1984)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Cancer Genomics: Diversity and Disparity Across Ethnicity and Geography
Authors: Daniel S.W. Tan, Tony S.K. Mok, Timothy R. Rebbeck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Ethnic and geographic differences in cancer incidence, prognosis, and treatment outcomes can be attributed to diversity in the inherited (germline) and somatic genome. Although international large-scale sequencing efforts are beginning to unravel the genomic underpinnings of cancer traits, much remains to be known about the underlying mechanisms and determinants of genomic diversity. Carcinogenesis is a dynamic, complex phenomenon representing the interplay between genetic and environmental factors that results in divergent phenotypes across ethnicities and geography. For example, compared with whites, there is a higher incidence of prostate cancer among Africans and African Americans, and the disease is generally more aggressive and fatal. Genome-wide association studies have identified germline susceptibility loci that may account for differences between the African and non-African patients, but the lack of availability of appropriate cohorts for replication studies and the incomplete understanding of genomic architecture across populations pose major limitations. We further discuss the transformative potential of routine diagnostic evaluation for actionable somatic alterations, using lung cancer as an example, highlighting implications of population disparities, current hurdles in implementation, and the far-reaching potential of clinical genomics in enhancing cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. As we enter the era of precision cancer medicine, a concerted multinational effort is key to addressing population and genomic diversity as well as overcoming barriers and geographical disparities in research and health care delivery.
Leukocytes and Ischemia-Induced Myocardial Injury
Authors: B R Lucchesi, K M Mullane
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1986)

In the early 1970s Maroko, Braunwald, and others demonstrated the im­ portance of myocardial oxygen supply and demand as a major determinant of the extent of myocardial injury 0-3). A variety of agents that reduced myocar­ dial oxygen demand, B-adrenoceptor antagonists and calcium channel blockers for example, were shown to be beneficial in animal models of myocardial ischemia. The time for clinical testing of agents that improve myocardial oxygenation was said to have come (4). A decade later, however, the limited clinical results have been far from exciting. This approach to reducing isch­ emia-induced myocardial injury suffers from three major problems. Implicit in the concept of salvaging ischemic myocardium by altering myocardial oxygen supply and demand is the assumption that myocardial tissue injury results solely from an inability of the coronary vasculature to deliver necessary oxygen and nutrients to maintain myocyte viability. However, we believe that other pathophysiologic processes contribute to irreversible myocar­ dial damage. It is also assumed that the restoration of coronary blood flow to the ischemic myocardium would, of itself, prevent the development of irreversible damage. However, reperfusion of jeopardized myocardium may lead to cellular pro­ cesses that extend the area of cell necrosis beyond that which could be attributed
Phase II trial of cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent uterine sarcomas: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
Authors: J T Thigpen, J A Blessing, J Beecham, H Homesley, E Yordan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Ninety-six assessable patients with advanced or recurrent uterine sarcomas, who were no longer controllable with surgery and radiotherapy, and who had not received prior chemotherapy were treated with cisplatin 50 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. Of 63 cases with mixed mesodermal tumors, five complete responses (CRs; 8%) and seven partial responses (PRs; 11%) were observed (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.3% to 30.9%). Of 33 patients with leiomyosarcoma, one PR (3%) was observed (95% CI, .1% to 15.8%). Adverse effects included leukopenia (23%), nausea and vomiting (73%), and mild azotemia (42%). No patients experienced life-threatening toxicity. Cisplatin has definite activity when given at the dose and schedule that we tested for patients with mixed mesodermal sarcomas who have not received prior chemotherapy, but has little activity in patients with leiomyosarcoma.
Abstract 14538: Urinary NGAL Predicts Worsening Renal Function in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in Both Preserved and Impaired Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: Matthias Dupont, Kevin Shresta, Singh Dhssraj, Adiveh Awad, Mario Scarcipino, Cynthia Kovach, Anjli P Maroo, Wilson W Tang
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a plasma or urinary biomarker that reflects renal tubular injury. It has shown predictive properties for acute kidney injury in di...
Does Lithium Block the Effects of Amphetamine? A Report of Three Cases
Authors: ABRAHAM FLEMENBAUM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The author presents three case reports supporting the hypothesis that lithium therapy inhibits the effect of amphetamine. He suggests that the pharmacologic mechanisms of action of lithium and amphetamine are directly opposite and that lithium could be prophylactic for cases of amphetamine abuse; he suggests further research to evaluate this hypothesis.
Nonexposure endoscopic full-thickness resection with two flexible endoscopes equipped with a suturing device: ex vivo study
Authors: Hirohito Mori, Hideki Kobara, Noriko Nishiyama, Shintaro Fujihara, Nobuya Kobayashi, Maki Ayaki, Tsutomu Masaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Although laparoscopic inverted endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) has the advantage of nonexposure of the peritoneal cavity to gastric juice and tumor, like nonexposed wall inversion surgery (NEWS) [1] or the combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches to neoplasia with a nonexposure technique (CLEAN-NET) [2], five ports are necessary to make hand-sewn sutures laparoscopically. We have developed a nonexposure EFTR technique that, with the use of a flexible endoscopic suturing device ([Video 1]), requires only one port and full-thickness suture.
Vitamin E: Antioxidant Activity, Biokinetics, and Bioavailability
Authors: G W Burton, M G Traber
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1990)

Article de synthese sur la vitamine E. Etude de son activite antioxydante sous la forme de α-tocopherol et de son role dans la peroxidation des lipides, sur les radicaux libres. Cinetique et mecanismes d'action dans les organes et les tissus; forme active. Pour mesurer l'absorption et le transport de la vitamine E, utilisation d'un isotope stable marque et analyse par chromatographie gazeuse et spectrometrie de masse. Mesure de sa biodisponibilite. Transport de la vitamine E et lipoproteine chez l'homme
Stage III follicular lymphoma: durable remissions with a combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy regimen.
Authors: P McLaughlin, L M Fuller, W S Velasquez, J J Butler, F B Hagemeister, J A Sullivan-Halley, D O Dixon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

From 1975 to 1982, 74 patients with stage III follicular lymphoma were treated with a combined modality protocol which included chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (CHOP-Bleo), and radiotherapy to involved regions. This program resulted in a complete remission (CR) rate of 81%, a 5-year survival of 75%, and 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) of 52% for all patients. Analysis of potential factors affecting treatment outcome revealed a significantly better CR rate for patients with small cleaved cell type (97%) than for patients with mixed (73%) or large-cell (57%) histologies. The 5-year survival was significantly better for patients with small cleaved (91%) and mixed (84%) cell types than for large cell (40%). In addition, bulky abdominal disease and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significant adverse prognostic factors for CR and for survival. Toxicity was moderate. No secondary leukemias have occurred. This combined modality regimen resulted in prolonged remission and potential cure for over half of patients who achieved CR, and is particularly encouraging for those with follicular small cleaved and mixed histologies.
Soft-tissue and bone sarcoma histopathology peer review: the frequency of disagreement in diagnosis and the need for second pathology opinions. The Southeastern Cancer Study Group experience.
Authors: C A Presant, W O Russell, R W Alexander, Y S Fu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Histopathologic peer review of specimens from 216 consecutive patients with soft-tissue or bone sarcomas on Southeastern Cancer Study Group protocols was performed by a panel of three pathologists. Subtype of sarcoma, degree of confidence in diagnosis, and grade were compared with agreement or disagreement in pathologic opinion from the primary member institution v the pathology review panel. The most common soft-tissue sarcoma was leiomyosarcoma, followed by malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, malignant schwannoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. There was total agreement between the primary pathologist and reviewer in 66% of cases. However, 12 cases (6%) were considered on review to not be sarcomas. In 27% of cases the subtype of sarcoma was felt to be incorrect by reviewers. Discordant diagnoses were more common when the confidence of the pathologist was less and when the tumor was of higher grade. There was no improvement in frequency of agreement in the second half of the study, despite educational workshops. We conclude that histologic peer review is important in sarcoma studies and is essential in many patients with presumed sarcomas.
Nature and Biological Activities of Degradation Products of Fibrinogen and Fibrin
Authors: H C Kwaan, G H Barlow
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1973)

The recognition of the importance of fibrinogen proteolysis in a wide variety of pathological conditions ranging from disseminated intravascular coagulation to local fibrin deposition in renal diseases has led to numerous studies of the nature of the fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). This review will deal pri­ marily with the biological and clinical aspects of the problem. Details of the chem­ ical and physical characterization may be obtained elsewhere (1-6).