tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A randomised trial of NBI for adenoma detection in high risk groups: flat adenomas, bowel preparation and endoscopist sub-group analysis
Authors: J. E. East, N. Suzuki, A. Ignjatovic, P. Bassett, N. Palmer, T. Guenther, B. P. Saunders
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Narrow band imaging (NBI) has been investigated as a technique to improve adenoma detection; however most randomised studies have shown no differences from white light examination (WLE). We recently reported no significant difference in adenoma detection rate for our trial of NBI for detection in high risk patients (n=214; 73% NBI vs 66% WLE, p=0.26)1; however patients were not evenly matched by gender in NBI and WLE groups. We therefore undertook a multivariate analysis to account for this and investigate other subgroups <h3>Methods</h3> The primary outcome measure, patients with at least one adenoma detected, was reanalysed after adjustment for demographic and clinical variables including all of: age, gender, indication (3+ adenomas, cancer follow up, +ve FOBT), family history of colorectal cancer, bowel preparation (good or adequate), endoscopist (three operators), and withdrawal time, using logistic regression. Count outcomes (polyp numbers by type) were analysed by Poisson regression. An interaction was noted with both endoscopist and bowel preparation, which were analysed as subgroups <h3>Results</h3> Following multivariate analysis there was no significant difference for the primary outcome measure between WLE and NBI arms, p=0.30, OR (adjusted) 1.46 (95% CI 0.72 to 2.96). No difference was seen for total number of adenomas, total polyps, advanced adenomas or non-adenomatous polyps; however the mean (SD) number of flat adenomas was higher in NBI arm 0.4 (0.9) versus 0.2 (0.4), adjusted comparison ratio 2.58 (1.42–4.68), p=0.002. One of three endoscopists performed significantly better with NBI (table 1). In patients with good bowel prep NBI significantly outperformed WLE for numbers of adenomas detected, but there was no difference with adequate bowel prep (table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Overall, after adjustment, NBI did not improve adenoma detection; however detection of flat adenomas appears improved. One of three endoscopists performed better with NBI than white light, and NBI was more effective in patients with good bowel preparation. Under optimal conditions, NBI may assist some endoscopists to optimise detection particularly of flat adenomas. Aggregated results of randomised controlled trials may obscure situations where advanced imaging techniques could provide benefit. <h3>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier</h3> NCT00279357.
C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Kristine H. Allin, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Jeppe Zacho, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Stig E. Bojesen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

Elevated plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, are associated with an increased risk of cancer, but it is unclear whether this association is causal. We examined whether four common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP gene that are associated with altered plasma CRP levels are causally associated with an increased risk of cancer. The study population included participants in a prospective study (n = 10 215) and a cross-sectional study (n = 36 403) of the adult general population in Denmark, all of whom were genotyped for the CRP SNPs. The association between plasma CRP levels measured by a high-sensitivity turbidimetry assay and the risk of cancer was examined for 8224 participants in the prospective study. The hazard ratio of cancer for a doubling of the plasma CRP level was 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03 to 1.14). The nine most common genotype combinations of the four CRP SNPs were associated with up to a 72% increase (95% CI = 58% to 87%) in CRP levels but not with an increased risk of cancer. The estimated causal odds ratio for cancer associated with a genetically induced doubling in CRP level was 0.94 (95% CI = 0.81 to 1.08). This finding suggests that elevated CRP levels do not cause cancer.
Solitary Fatty Infiltration Within the Left Ventricle Detected by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Patient Presenting With Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Otavio R. Coelho-Filho, Mahadevan Rajaram, Michael Jerosh-Herold, Shuaib Abdullah, David Carballo, Luciana Feitosa, Sanjeev Francis, Roy John, Ron Blankstein, Raymond Y. Kwong
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Smooth Muscle Cell Changes During Flow-Related Remodeling of Rat Mesenteric Resistance Arteries
Authors: C. L. Buus, F. Pourageaud, G. E. Fazzi, G. Janssen, M. J. Mulvany, J. G.R. De Mey
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

To obtain information on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of flow-induced arterial remodeling, we analyzed the morphology and smooth muscle cell (SMC) characteristics in rat mesenteric resistance arteries after interventions that decreased and increased flow. Juvenile male Wistar Kyoto rats were subjected to surgery that, compared with control arteries, provided arteries with chronic low flow and chronic high flow. Low flow resulted in a decreased passive lumen diameter, hypotrophy of the artery wall, and both loss and decreased size of SMCs. Time course studies, with intervention length ranging from 2 to 32 days of altered blood flow, showed that the narrowing of the lumen diameter in low-flow arteries appeared within 2 days and that an early dedifferentiation of SMC phenotype was indicated by markedly reduced levels of desmin mRNA. High flow resulted in an increased passive lumen diameter and in hypertrophy of the artery wall. The hypertrophy resulted from SMC proliferation because SMC number, measured by the 3D-dissector technique, was increased and immunohistochemical assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen also showed an increase. The widening of high-flow arteries required 16 days to become established, at which time desmin mRNA was reduced. This time was also required to establish changed wall mass in both low-flow and high-flow arteries. Apoptotic cells detected by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining were mainly located in the medial layer, and evaluation of DNA fragmentation indicated that increased apoptosis occurred in both low flow and high flow. This study shows for the first time direct evidence that reduced and elevated blood flow in resistance arteries produce, respectively, decrease and increase in SMC number, with dedifferentiation of the SMCs in both cases.
Targeting histone deacetylase in cancer therapy
Authors: Hsiang‐Yu Lin, Chang‐Shi Chen, Shuan‐Pei Lin, Jing‐Ru Weng, Ching‐Shih Chen
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2006)

Abstract Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is recognized as one of the promising targets for cancer treatment as many HDAC inhibitors have entered clinical trials for both solid and liquid tumors. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effects of HDAC inhibitors remain elusive. Although they have been shown to regulate the transcription of a defined set of genes through chromatin remodeling, increasing evidence suggests that modifications of the epigenetic histone code may not be the primary mechanism for HDAC inhibitor‐mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells. While histones still represent a primary target for the physiological function of HDACs, the antitumor effect of HDAC inhibitors might also be attributed to transcription‐independent mechanisms by modulating the acetylation status of a series of nonhistone targets. Also noteworthy is the effect of HDAC inhibitors on Akt downregulation through the alteration of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complex formation. To provide an overview of the use of HDAC inhibitors in cancer treatment, this review addresses the following subjects: (1) the physiological relevance of HDAC‐mediated acetylation of histone and nonhistone substrates, (2) the chemical biology of HDACs and development of a novel class of HDAC inhibitors, and (3) the protein acetylation‐independent effect of HDAC inhibitors on the activation status of signaling kinases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 26, No. 4, 397–413, 2006
Arm span-height relationships in patients referred for spirometry.
Authors: J M Parker, T A Dillard, Y Y Phillips
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Arm span has been proposed as a surrogate for standing height in the prediction of lung volumes in patients with thoracic deformities or who are unable to stand. The relationship between arm span and height has previously been reported as either a fixed ratio unaffected by age or as a regression equation in which the ratio varies as a function of age. We studied the relationship between standing height, arm span, race, sex, and age in 202 patients (ages 20 to 88 yrs) referred for screening spirometry. Multiple linear regression analysis found arm span, race, sex, and age to be predictive of standing height (r2 = 0.8659, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that age was a significant factor among males of either race, but not among females of either race. Fixed arm span to height ratios were also calculated for each group and may be used to estimate standing height with reasonable accuracy except at extremes of stature.
[483] PRESENCE OF BIOPSY-PROVEN HISTOLOGIC DAMAGE (NECROINFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS) IS COMMON EVEN WHEN ALT IS LESS THAN 2 × ULN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB)
Authors: N. Terrault, R. Kim, S. Schalm, S.G. Lim, G. Papatheodoridis, A. Alberti, M.F. Yuen, Z. Goodman, J. Vaughan, R. Wilber, B. Kreter
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Real-Time Telemedicine Support on Glycemic Control in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes (ISRCTN 46889446)
Authors: Andrew J. Farmer, Oliver J. Gibson, Christina Dudley, Kathryn Bryden, Paul M. Hayton, Lionel Tarassenko, Andrew Neil
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To determine whether a system of telemedicine support can improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A 9-month randomized trial compared glucose self-monitoring real-time result transmission and feedback of results for the previous 24 h in the control group with real-time graphical phone-based feedback for the previous 2 weeks together with nurse-initiated support using a web-based graphical analysis of glucose self-monitoring results in the intervention group. All patients aged 18–30 years with HbA1c (A1C) levels of 8–11% were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS—A total of 93 patients (55 men) with mean diabetes duration (means ± SD) 12.1 ± 6.7 years were recruited from a young adult clinic. In total, the intervention and control groups transmitted 29,765 and 21,400 results, respectively. The corresponding median blood glucose levels were 8.9 mmol/l (interquartile range 5.4–13.5) and 10.3 mmol/l (6.5–14.4) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). There was a reduction in A1C in the intervention group after 9 months from 9.2 ± 1.1 to 8.6 ± 1.4% (difference 0.6% [95% CI 0.3–1.0]) and a reduction in A1C in the control group from 9.3 ± 1.5 to 8.9 ± 1.4% (difference 0.4% [0.03–0.7]). This difference in change in A1C between groups was not statistically significant (0.2% [−0.2 to 0.7, P = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS—Real-time telemedicine transmission and feedback of information about blood glucose results with nurse support is feasible and acceptable to patients, but to significantly improve glycemic control, access to real-time decision support for medication dosing and changes in diet and exercise may be required.
Gender disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Andra L. Blomkalns, Anita Y. Chen, Judith S. Hochman, Eric D. Peterson, Kelly Trynosky, Deborah B. Diercks, Gerard X. Brogan, William E. Boden, Matthew T. Roe, E. Magnus Ohman, W. Brian Gibler, L. Kristin Newby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Novel Urinary Protein Biomarkers Predicting the Development of Microalbuminuria and Renal Function Decline in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Daniela Schlatzer, David M. Maahs, Mark R. Chance, Jean-Eudes Dazard, Xiaolin Li, Fred Hazlett, Marian Rewers, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To define a panel of novel protein biomarkers of renal disease.Adults with type 1 diabetes in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study who were initially free of renal complications (n = 465) were followed for development of micro- or macroalbuminuria (MA) and early renal function decline (ERFD, annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥3.3%). The label-free proteomic discovery phase was conducted in 13 patients who progressed to MA by the 6-year visit and 11 control subjects, and four proteins (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, α-1 acid glycoprotein, clusterin, and progranulin) identified in the discovery phase were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 74 subjects: group A, normal renal function (n = 35); group B, ERFD without MA (n = 15); group C, MA without ERFD (n = 16); and group D, both ERFD and MA (n = 8).In the label-free analysis, a model of progression to MA was built using 252 peptides, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 84.7 ± 5.3%. In the validation study, ordinal logistic regression was used to predict development of ERFD, MA, or both. A panel including Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.3-6.2, P = 0.008), progranulin (1.9, 0.8-4.5, P = 0.16), clusterin (0.6, 0.3-1.1, P = 0.09), and α-1 acid glycoprotein (1.6, 0.7-3.7, P = 0.27) improved the AUC from 0.841 to 0.889.A panel of four novel protein biomarkers predicted early renal damage in type 1 diabetes. These findings require further validation in other populations for prediction of renal complications and treatment monitoring.
Association of inducible nitric oxide synthase with asthma severity, total serum immunoglobulin E and blood eosinophil levels
Authors: J. Batra, T. Pratap Singh, U. Mabalirajan, A. Sinha, R. Prasad, B. Ghosh
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Nitric oxide is released by immune, epithelial and endothelial cells, and plays an important part in the pathophysiology of asthma.To investigate the association of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) gene repeat polymorphisms with asthma.230 families with asthma (842 individuals) were recruited to identify and establish the genetic association of iNOS repeats with asthma and associated phenotypes. Serum nitric oxide levels in selected individuals were measured and correlated with specific genotypes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age and sex.A total of four repeats-a (CCTTT)n promoter repeat, a novel intron 2 (GT)n repeat (BV680047), an intron 4 (GT)n repeat (AFM311ZB1) and an intron 5 (CA)n repeat (D17S1878)-were identified and genotyped. A significant transmission distortion to the probands with asthma was seen for allele 3 of the AFM311ZB1 gene (p = 0.006). This allele was also found to be significantly associated with percentage blood eosinophils (p < 0.001) and asthma severity (p = 0.04). Moreover, it was functionally correlated with high serum nitric oxide levels (p = 0.006). Similarly, the promoter repeat was found to be associated with serum total immunoglobulin (Ig)E (p = 0.028). Individuals carrying allele 4 of this repeat have high serum IgE (p < 0.001) and nitric oxide levels (p = 0.03).This is the first study to identify the repeat polymorphisms in the iNOS gene that are associated with severity of asthma and eosinophils. The functional relevance of the associated alleles with serum nitric oxide levels was also shown. Therefore, these results could be valuable in elucidating the role of nitric oxide in asthma pathogenesis.
Low-Dose Metoprolol CR/XL and Fluvastatin Slow Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Authors: B. Hedblad, J. Wikstrand, L. Janzon, H. Wedel, G. Berglund
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Statins reduce cardiovascular events and progression of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). β-Blockers are also known to reduce cardiovascular events, but less is known about their effects on carotid IMT. Methods and Results —We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center trial to compare the effects of low-dose metoprolol CR/XL (25 mg once daily) and fluvastatin (40 mg once daily) on the progression of carotid IMT during 36 months of treatment in 793 subjects who had carotid plaque but no symptoms of carotid artery disease. Changes in mean IMT in the common carotid artery and maximal IMT in the bulb were the main outcome variables. Death and cardiovascular events were monitored. Progression of IMT max in the carotid bulb at both 18 and 36 months was reduced by metoprolol CR/XL (−0.058 mm/y; 95% CI, −0.094 to −0.023; P =0.004; and −0.023 mm/y; 95% CI, −0.044 to −0.003; P =0.014, respectively). Incidence of cardiovascular events tended to be lower in metoprolol CR/XL–treated patients (5 versus 13 patients, P =0.055). Rate of IMT mean progression in the common carotid at 36 months was reduced by fluvastatin (−0.009 mm/y; 95% CI, −0.015 to −0.003; P =0.002). Women in the fluvastatin group had increased frequency of transiently high liver enzymes. Conclusions —This is the first randomized trial to show that a β-blocker can reduce the rate of progression of carotid IMT in clinically healthy, symptom-free subjects with carotid plaque. This suggests that β-blockers may have a favorable effect on atherosclerosis development.
Cardiac Action of Vasoactive Polypeptides in the Rat
Authors: MICHAEL GROSS, DROGO MONTAGUE, RAMON ROSAS, DAVID F. BOHR
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

Intravenous injection of bradykinin in ganglionically blocked rats has a predominantly pressor effect, instead of the depressor effect it is known to have in unblocked rats. Intra-arterial injection of bradykinin (0.01 to 0.02 µg) either before or after blockade produced a decrease of pressure in the hind limb perfused at a constant rate with autogenous blood. The response of the vascular bed was directly proportional to the perfusion pressure, but at a given pressure no difference was seen between blocked and unblocked animals. At the IV infusion rates used (12.5 and 25 µg/kg/min), bradykinin produced a large increase of CO. Because this action remains after autonomic blockade, it seems probable that its mechanism of action is largely independent of the carotid baroreceptor system. Bradykinin caused a slight increase in heart rate and a marked increase in stroke volume, apparently by a direct effect on the heart. In the blocked animal the vasodilator effect of bradykinin is less than its cardiac stimulating action and the resulting effect is an elevation of arterial pressure. Angiotensin in the rat has twofold action: a constrictor effect on the arterioles, and a stimulating effect on the heart. The vasoconstrictor effect is direct, unmodified by denervation or by sympathetic blockade. In the intact rat the cardiac action is masked by the activation of the baroreceptor mechanism which overrides the direct cardiac action and causes a decrease in CO. After autonomic blockade the cardiac action of angiotensin becomes apparent and an increase of CO is seen, while changes in TPR remain similar to those of unblocked animals. Since the CO effect cannot be explained by changes in HR and CVP, it appears that angiotensin has a positive isotropic action. In blocked, reserpinized animals angiotensin infusion causes no significant change in CO. These results suggest that catecholamines account for at least part of the cardiac activity of angiotensin.
International Consensus Conference on Atopic Dermatitis II (ICCAD II): Chairman's Introduction and Overview
Authors: C. Ellis, T. Luger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article International Consensus Conference on Atopic Dermatitis II (ICCAD II): Chairman's Introduction and Overview Get access C. Ellis, C. Ellis Dr C. Ellis, Department of of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA E‐mail: cellis@med.umich.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Luger T. Luger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue s63, 1 May 2003, Pages 1–2, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.148.s63.2.x Published: 01 May 2003
Efficacy response of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate in asthma is proportional to dose and is improved by formulation with a new propellant☆☆☆★
Authors: William W. Busse, Shari Brazinsky, Kraig Jacobson, William Stricker, Kathryn Schmitt, Jennifer Vanden Burgt, David Donnell, Sujata Hannon, Gene L. Colice
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Acute Renal Failure after Nonmyeloablative Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Chirag R. Parikh, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Rainer F. Storb, Karl G. Blume, Firoozeh Sahebi, David G. Maloney, Michael B. Maris, Yago Nieto, Charles L. Edelstein, Robert W. Schrier, Peter McSweeney
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

ABSTRACT. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common life-threatening complication after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Nonmyeloablative HCT aims to eradicate the malignancy with graft-versus-tumor effect, rather than with high doses of chemoradiotherapy. It may be anticipated that a lower risk of ARF exists in nonmyeloablative HCT as a result of the milder preconditioning regimen. However, the patients who receive the nonmyeloablative HCT are older individuals who are not eligible for the more toxic allogeneic myeloablative procedure. The goal of this study was to evaluate ARF in a large group of patients who received nonmyeloablative HCT. This cohort study enrolled patients who were undergoing nonmyeloablative HCT at four major centers from 1998 to 2001. Conditioning therapy involved total body irradiation 2 Gy ± fludarabine 30 mg/m2. Posttransplantation immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine or tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. ARF was classified into four grades, similar to previous studies in the literature. Collectively, 253 patients were recruited into this study. ARF (>50% decrease in GFR) occurred in 40.4% of patients over a 3-mo period, with 4.4% of patients requiring dialysis. The overall mortality in the study population was 34% at 1 yr. The mortality increased with worsening grade of ARF. The combined need for dialysis and artificial ventilation was associated with a mortality exceeding 80%. Although the number of patients who develop ARF is significant, the risk of developing ARF that requires dialysis after nonmyeloablative HCT is infrequent despite the older age of the patients. The data are also suggestive that ARF may contribute to mortality after nonmyeloablative HCT.
Incidence and risk factors of central nervous system recurrence in aggressive lymphoma—a survey of 1693 patients treated in protocols of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL)
Authors: V. Boehme, S. Zeynalova, M. Kloess, M. Loeffler, U. Kaiser, M. Pfreundschuh, N. Schmitz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)