tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Psychotropic Medications Among HIV-Infected Patients in the United States
Authors: Benedetto Vitiello, M Audrey Burnam, Eric G Bing, Robin Beckman, Martin F Shapiro
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the prevalence and pattern of use of psychotropic medications by HIV-positive patients receiving medical care in the United States and the search for possible predictors of use. METHOD: The HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study database was analyzed. From the estimated 231,400 HIV-positive patients in medical care in the contiguous United States, a probability sample of 2,864 adults who had paid at least one visit to their medical provider in early 1996 was selected. A representative group of 1,561 received the long form of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and a questionnaire on psychotropic medications used during the previous 6 months; 1,489 patients (95.4%) completed the assessments. RESULTS: An estimated 27.2% of HIV-positive patients took psychotropic medications in 1996. Antidepressants were the most commonly prescribed drug class (20.9% of patients), followed by anxiolytics (16.7%), antipsychotics (4.7%), and psychostimulants (3.0%). Among patients with major depression or dysthymia, 43.2% reported receiving antidepressants, and 34.3% reported receiving anxiolytics. Psychiatric comorbidity was associated with greater use of psychotropics. Use of psychotropics in general, and antidepressants in particular, was significantly lower among African Americans than whites or Hispanics. Among patients with mood disorders, 61.0% of whites, 51.4% of African Americans, and 66.7% of Hispanics reported use of antidepressant medications or some type of psychosocial intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotropics were commonly used by HIV-positive patients in medical care. About half of the patients suffering from depressive disorders did not receive antidepressants. Psychotropic drug use was lower among African Americans than other ethnic groups.
Lassa fever: epidemiology, clinical features, and social consequences
Authors: J K. Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Lassa fever is endemic in west Africa, where it probably kills several thousand people each year.With access to the region improving, the opportunity, and the need, to improve our understanding of this disease are increasing Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever transmitted by rats.It has been known since the 1950s, but the virus was not identified until 1969, when two missionary nurses died from it in the town of Lassa in Nigeria.Found predominantly in west Africa, 1 it has the potential to cause tens of thousands of deaths.Even after recovery, the virus remains in body fluids, including semen. 1 The years of civil unrest in Sierra Leone (1991-2002) halted the investigation (through international collaboration) of Lassa fever at a specialist unit in Kenema.Increasing international travel and the possibility of use of the Lassa virus as a biological weapon escalate the potential for harm beyond the local level.Access to the country is improving, so renewed efforts to understand it are feasible.
Studying copy number variations (CNVs) using a nanofluidic platform
Authors: Ramesh Ramakrishnan, Jian Qin, Bob Jones
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

A57 

Copy number variation (CNV) is an important polymorphism found in the human genome and has been studied extensively recently because of its close association with drug metabolism, cancer, immune diseases, and neurological disorders. The most prevalent approach to CNV analysis utilizes SNP-based microarrays and comparative genomic hybridization platforms and is subject to low sensitivities and resolutions. Other existing technologies such as real time PCR systems are limited because of their inability to reliably distinguish less than a two-fold difference in copy number of a particular gene.    We have performed CNV studies using a new nanofluidics platform: the Digital Array. A digital array has 12 sample input ports and each sample gets partitioned into 765 reaction chambers in each of the 12 panels. The ability of the digital array to quantitate DNA samples is based on the fact that single DNA molecules are randomly distributed in the chambers. In order to ensure that apparent difference in gene copy numbers in different samples are real, and not distorted by differences in sample amounts, we normalize the specific signals with that of a single-copy reference gene.    Our data show that the digital array has the ability to distinguish less than two-fold differences in gene copy number with great accuracy, and can reliably differentiate between 1, 2, 3 and 4 copies of genes in different samples. This approach has been used to measure copy number variations in the CYP2D6 in human DNA samples. The results were confirmed using a Long Range PCR technique. We observe similar levels of copy number variation using the DPYD gene. We have also developed a technique to measure the copy number of a gene when multiple copies of the gene are closely linked on the same chromosome using a preamplification protocol.    The digital array provides an accurate and reliable technique to study CNVs, with a greater sensitivity than standard real time PCR.
Report proposes better ways of measuring NHS output
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2004)

New ways of measuring the productivity of the NHS are being considered. An ongoing review by a leading economist into refining the methods used to measure government output has welcomed reforms made in health but has added that more needs to be done.

Tony Atkinson, warden of Nuffield College, Oxford University, made the warning this week as he issued a progress report on his review for the Office for National …
Sorafenib combined with transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a large-scale multicenter study of 222 patients
Authors: Y. Zhao, W.J. Wang, S. Guan, H.L. Li, R.C. Xu, J.B. Wu, J.S. Liu, H.P. Li, W. Bai, Z.X. Yin, D.M. Fan, Z.L. Zhang, G.H. Han
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)

Data on the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are lacking.
The CKK Domain (DUF1781) Binds Microtubules and Defines the CAMSAP/ssp4 Family of Animal Proteins
Authors: A. J. Baines, P. A. Bignone, M. D.A. King, A. M. Maggs, P. M. Bennett, J. C. Pinder, G. W. Phillips
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

We describe a structural domain common to proteins related to human calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein1 (CAMSAP1). Analysis of the sequence of CAMSAP1 identified a domain near the C-terminus common to CAMSAP1 and two other mammalian proteins KIAA1078 and KIAA1543, which we term a CKK domain. This domain was also present in invertebrate CAMSAP1 homologues and was found in all available eumetazoan genomes (including cnidaria), but not in the placozoan Trichoplax adherens, nor in any nonmetazoan organism. Analysis of codon alignments by the sitewise likelihood ratio method gave evidence for strong purifying selection on all codons of mammalian CKK domains, potentially indicating conserved function. Interestingly, the Drosophila homologue of the CAMSAP family is encoded by the ssp4 gene, which is required for normal formation of mitotic spindles. To investigate function of the CKK domain, human CAMSAP1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and fragments including the CKK domain were expressed in HeLa cells. Both whole CAMSAP1 and the CKK domain showed localization coincident with microtubules. In vitro, both whole CAMSAP1-glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and CKK-GST bound to microtubules. Immunofluorescence using anti-CAMSAP1 antibodies on cerebellar granule neurons revealed a microtubule pattern. Overexpression of the CKK domain in PC12 cells blocked production of neurites, a process that requires microtubule function. We conclude that the CKK domain binds microtubules and represents a domain that evolved with the metazoa.
The vagus, the bile, and gallstones.
Authors: I A Bouchier
Journal: Gut (1970)

The age of an elite athlete is getting younger by the day. For some sports such as gymnastics, getting into an elite level at a very early age has always been emphasised. Today, many other sports seem to endorse this concept as well. Singapore hosted two significant inaugural youth sports events at an elite level, Asian Youth Games 2009 (AYG 2009) and Youth Olympic Games 2010 (YOG2010). Around 7000 international elite athletes participated in these two events. The challenges and lessons learnt in providing performance psychology services to elite youth athletes of Singapore representing AYG 2009 and YOG 2010 will be discussed.
Celastrol, a Triterpene Extracted from the Chinese “Thunder of God Vine,” Is a Potent Proteasome Inhibitor and Suppresses Human Prostate Cancer Growth in Nude Mice
Authors: Huanjie Yang, Di Chen, Qiuzhi Cindy Cui, Xiao Yuan, Q. Ping Dou
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Interest in the use of traditional medicines for cancer prevention and treatment is increasing. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies suggest the potential use of proteasome inhibitors as novel anticancer drugs. Celastrol, an active compound extracted from the root bark of the Chinese medicine “Thunder of God Vine” (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F.), was used for years as a natural remedy for inflammatory conditions. Although Celastrol has been shown to induce leukemia cell apoptosis, the molecular target involved has not been identified. Furthermore, whether Celastrol has antitumor activity in vivo has never been conclusively shown. Here, we report, for the first time, that Celastrol potently and preferentially inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome (IC50 = 2.5 μmol/L) and human prostate cancer cellular 26S proteasome (at 1-5 μmol/L). Inhibition of the proteasome activity by Celastrol in PC-3 (androgen receptor- or AR-negative) or LNCaP (AR-positive) cells results in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and three natural proteasome substrates (IκB-α, Bax, and p27), accompanied by suppression of AR protein expression (in LNCaP cells) and induction of apoptosis. Treatment of PC-3 tumor–bearing nude mice with Celastrol (1-3 mg/kg/d, i.p., 1-31 days) resulted in significant inhibition (65-93%) of the tumor growth. Multiple assays using the animal tumor tissue samples from both early and end time points showed in vivo inhibition of the proteasomal activity and induction of apoptosis after Celastrol treatment. Our results show that Celastrol is a natural proteasome inhibitor that has a great potential for cancer prevention and treatment. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4758-65)
Computational Methods for Evaluating Phylogenetic Models of Coding Sequence Evolution with Dependence between Codons
Authors: N. Rodrigue, C. L. Kleinman, H. Philippe, N. Lartillot
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

In recent years, molecular evolutionary models formulated as site-interdependent Markovian codon substitution processes have been proposed as means of mechanistically accounting for selective features over long-range evolutionary scales. Under such models, site interdependencies are reflected in the use of a simplified protein tertiary structure representation and predefined statistical potential, which, along with mutational parameters, mediate nonsynonymous rates of substitution; rates of synonymous events are solely mediated by mutational parameters. Although theoretically attractive, the models are computationally challenging, and the methods used to manipulate them still do not allow for quantitative model evaluations in a multiple-sequence context. Here, we describe Markov chain Monte Carlo computational methodologies for sampling parameters from their posterior distribution under site-interdependent codon substitution models within a phylogenetic context and allowing for Bayesian model assessment and ranking. Specifically, the techniques we expound here can form the basis of posterior predictive checking under these models and can be embedded within thermodynamic integration algorithms for computing Bayes factors. We illustrate the methods using two data sets and find that although current forms of site-interdependent models of codon substitution provide an improved fit, they are outperformed by the extended site-independent versions. Altogether, the methodologies described here should enable a quantified contrasting of alternative ways of modeling structural constraints, or other site-interdependent criteria, and establish if such formulations can match (or supplant) site-independent model extensions.
Mini symposium on pathogenesis of endometriosis and treatment of endometriosis-associated subfertility Introduction: the endometriosis enigma
Authors: A Bergqvist, T D'Hooghe
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2002)

The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology(ESHRE) supports the activities of several Special Interest Groups(SIGs) in various areas of reproductive medicine, includingandrology, embryology, reproductive surgery, early pregnancy,psychology and ethics. The SIG on Endometriosis andEndometrium, founded in 1999, is one of the ‘youngest’ESHRE SIGs and is devoted to stimulating scientiﬁc and clinicalstudies on endometriosis and endometrium. From the beginning,one of the major tasks for this SIG has been to organize aPostgraduate Course at the ESHRE Annual Meetings. So far,three courses have taken place (Bologna, 2000 and Lausanne,2001) or are being planned (Vienna, 2002). This minisymposiumon endometriosis contains three papers that were presented at theﬁrst postgraduate course in Bologna, organized by the authors ofthis article and entitled, ‘New developments in the pathogenesisof endometriosis and in the treatment of endometriosis-associatedsubfertility’. The three papers were submitted and accepted afterthe normal peer review process. Since they cover most of thelectures given at the course, they will be brieﬂy introduced anddiscussed.
Drug-Eluting Stents in Preclinical Studies
Authors: Robert S. Schwartz, Elazer R. Edelman, Andrew Carter, Nicolas Chronos, Campbell Rogers, Keith A. Robinson, Ron Waksman, Judah Weinberger, Robert L. Wilensky, Donald N. Jensen, Bram D. Zuckerman, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2002)
The publication rate of abstracts presented at the British Association of Dermatologists Annual Meeting
Authors: C.J. Morgan, A.J. Cooper, J.P. Dyer, P.S. Friedmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Presentation at national medical speciality meetings provides a valuable forum for the communication and dissemination of current research and practice. However, full diffusion of new information presented at meetings is best achieved when the results are published in a peer‐reviewed journal. In the U.K., the British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) Annual Meeting is the largest national dermatology meeting and is attended by dermatologists from both the U.K and overseas. The aim of our study was to determine the publication rates and time to publication of abstracts presented at the 2001 BAD Annual Meeting in Cardiff, and to identify those journals that subsequently published the papers. All abstracts accepted for presentation at the 2001 BAD Annual Meeting were identified from the Supplement accompanying the July 2001 issue of the British Journal of Dermatology. All of the abstracts from the Plenary Session, Registrars' Forum, Clinicopathological Cases and Bristol Cup Posters were included. Abstracts from the speciality meetings were excluded. Using the PubMed database, an initial search was conducted using the first author's name and key words from the abstract title in order to identify the appropriate publication. If no corresponding paper was found then there followed a search of each of the subsequent authors. The authors of those abstracts for which a publication could not be identified were contacted by e‐mail (using the BAD Members' Handbook to obtain e‐mail addresses), to verify that the work had not been published and to enquire whether or not there were plans to submit the study for publication. Data was analysed using standard statistical software (Graphpad Prism and Excel).
Psychotherapy, Psychological Treatments and the Addictions
Authors: S. Darke
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Griffiths Edwards, Christopher Dare Cambridge University Press, £21.95, pp 268 ISBN 0 521 55675 9

As stated by its editors, the aim of Psychotherapy, Psychological Treatments and the Addictions is to bridge the gap between practitioners of mainstream psychological treatment and those who specifically treat the problems associated with drug and alcohol dependence. This is an admirable aim, as such a gap unquestionably exists. That it continues to exist is in itself puzzling, given the close associations between substance dependence …
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum‐like skin lesions and angioid streaks in β‐thalassemia
Authors: Athanasios Aessopos, Panayotis Savvides, George Stamatelos, Thomas Tassiopoulos, Phaedon Kaklamanis, Phaedon Fessas, Loannis Rombos, Markisia Karagiorga
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract One hundred patients with homozygous or doubly heterozygous β‐thalassemia (62 with the major form and 38 with β‐thalassemia intermedia) were examined for signs of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Diagnostic skin lesions were found in 16 patients with either form of the basic disease. Twenty percent of all patients had angioid streaks (AS); both PXE skin lesions and AS were found in 10% of the patients; in all, 26% had either one or both of these manifestations. A positive correlation was found between the presence of one or both types of lesion and age of the patients ( P = 0.032); there were no differences as regards ferritin and hematocrit levels, number of transfused units, chelation therapy, and splenic status between patients with PXE/AS findings and those without. The pathogenesis of these connective tissue manifestations at such a high frequency in β‐thalassemia is not clear; the possibilities of it's being acquired or inherited are discussed, the former being considered to be the more economical interpretation. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SAR3419: An Anti-CD19-Maytansinoid Immunoconjugate for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies
Authors: Veronique Blanc, Anne Bousseau, Anne Caron, Chantal Carrez, Robert J. Lutz, John M. Lambert
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract SAR3419 is a novel anti-CD19 humanized monoclonal antibody conjugated to a maytansine derivate through a cleavable linker for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. SAR3419 combines the strengths of a high-potency tubulin inhibitor and the exquisite B-cell selectivity of an anti-CD19 antibody. The internalization and processing of SAR3419, following its binding at the surface of CD19-positive human lymphoma cell lines and xenograft models, release active metabolites that trigger cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, leading to cell death and tumor regression. SAR3419 has also been shown to be active in different lymphoma xenograft models, including aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, resulting in complete regressions and tumor-free survival. In these models, the activity of SAR3419 compared favorably with rituximab and lymphoma standard of care chemotherapy. Two phase I trials with 2 different schedules of SAR3419 as a single agent were conducted in refractory/relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Activity was reported in both schedules, in heavily pretreated patients of both follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtypes, with a notable lack of significant hematological toxicity, validating SAR3419 as an effective antibody-drug conjugate and opening opportunities in the future. Numerous B-cell–specific anti-CD19 biologics are available to treat B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and early phase I results obtained with SAR3419 suggest that it is a promising candidate for further development in this disease. In addition, thanks to the broad expression of CD19, SAR3419 may provide treatment options for B-cell leukemias that are often CD20-negative. Clin Cancer Res; 17(20); 6448–58. ©2011 AACR.
Abstract B6: PEGPH20 depletion of pericellular hyaluronan sensitizes high hyaluronan-producing tumor cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Netai C. Singha, Ping Jiang, Susan Zimmerman, Robert Connor, Gregory I. Frost, Zhongdong Huang, H. Michael Shepard
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been developed successfully as part of the anticancer armamentarium. However, even in cases where the target of the antibody is stably and abundantly expressed, efficacy often falls below expectations. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has previously been shown to contribute to resistance to MAb therapy because matrix-associated high interstitial fluid pressure inhibits efficient drug penetration (1). Hyaluronan is an important component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in about 25% of tumors, and 56% of breast cancers. This glycosaminoglycan is produced by malignant and stromal cells and acts to cross-link ECM proteins, contributing to the desmoplastic phenotype. Accumulation of HA has been associated with more aggressive malignancy (2).In this work, we show that &amp;gt;50% of p185HER2-overexpressing breast tumors have a high accumulation of HA (HA+3). We hypothesized that tumor cells which overexpress HA create a protective “turtle shell” when it cross-links other ECM proteins (e.g., versican), and this pericellular structure protects the HER2-overexpressing tumor cell from attack by antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). SKBR3 (overexpressing p185HER2) and MDA-MB-231 (expressing EGFR) breast tumor cells were transfected with hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), creating SKBR3/HAS2 (HA+3) and MDA-MB-231/HAS2 (HA+2), enabling these cells to form substantial pericellular matrices. NK-cell/trastuzumab/cetuximab-mediated ADCC is diminished in both of the HAS2-transfected cell types, suggesting that HA accumulation may contribute to tumor cell resistance to ADCC. Similarly, when these cells are treated in vitro with PEGPH20, a pegylated PH20 hyaluronidase (3), sensitivity to trastuzumab/cetuximab-mediated ADCC of the HAS2-overexpressing tumor cells is increased by up to 2-fold. These experiments show that the pericellular matrix coat (“turtle shell”) of high HA-producing tumor cells can inhibit the access of human immune cells to target cells, and that this effect can be reversed by depleting HA using PEGPH20. In vivo studies have shown that only PEGPH20, and not native PH20, has the bioavailability to induce antitumor activity in vivo. Models are currently in development to test whether PEGPH20 will enhance the activity of therapeutic MAbs in vivo.
A comparison of terbinafine (LamisilR) 1% cream given for one week with clotrimazole (CanestenR) 1% cream given for four weeks, in the treatment of tinea pedis
Authors: E.G.V. EVANS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article A comparison of terbinafine (Lamisil®) 1% cream given for one week with clotrimazole (Canesten®) 1% cream given for four weeks, in the treatment of tinea pedis Get access E.G.V. EVANS E.G.V. EVANS PHLS Mycology Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Dr E.G.V.Evans. PHLS Mycology Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology. University of Leeds and General Infirmary. Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue s43, 1 April 1994, Pages 12–14, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06086.x Published: 01 April 1994
Using non-invasive biomarkers to identify hepatic fibrosis in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study
Authors: Joanne R. Morling, Jonathan A. Fallowfield, Indra N. Guha, Lisa D. Nee, Stephen Glancy, Rachel M. Williamson, Christine M. Robertson, Mark W.J. Strachan, Jackie F. Price
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)