tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The acceptability and usefulness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people living with psoriasis: a qualitative study
Authors: B.A. Fordham, P. Nelson, C.E.M. Griffiths, C. Bundy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: This work was conducted as part of a Medical Research Council funded studentship at the University of Manchester. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Many people with psoriasis believe that their condition is exacerbated by stress.1 Living with chronic plaque psoriasis is associated with elevated levels of stress,2 and decreased quality of life.3 4 Rather than challenging cognitions, mindfulness‐based interventions aim to reduce physiological arousal and psychological distress by developing a nonjudgemental awareness of the present moment and fostering an acceptance of the demands of daily life. It is proposed that mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) could help people with psoriasis to uncouple emotional reactions from cognitive or physical triggers that may maintain elevated levels of distress. MBCT could also encourage people with psoriasis to use acceptance‐based coping strategies.5 6 A pilot study examining MBCT in the management of psoriasis found that the intervention significantly reduced psoriasis severity and impairment of quality of life but did not change stress or distress (anxiety/depression) levels.7 We investigated the experiences of people with psoriasis who had taken part in the 8‐week pilot MBCT intervention programme.
Neutrophil activation and periodontal tissue injury
Authors: Jens Martin Herrmann, Jörg Meyle
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

Abstract Neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes ( PMNL ) track, engage and eliminate foreign entities, including bacteria, fungi and subcellular particles. PMNL are the major host‐cell line involved in the acute response during the early stages of infections, including those in the oral cavity. Rather short lived, they are among the fastest moving cells in the human body and travel great distances only to be immolated after encountering and neutralizing antigens. Although their role as the first line of host defense is well established, their role in chronic granulomatous inflammations, diseases and infections remains poorly understood, and many questions on the activation, motility, bactericidity and termination of PMNL in these conditions remain unanswered. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PMNL activation and signaling events. Recent evidence indicates the presence of collateral tissue damage caused by poorly regulated PMNL pursuits of periodontal bacteria. Imbalances between the antigenic challenge and the primary host response may augment periodontal tissue breakdown. Thereafter, orchestrated regulation of the resolution of inflammation fails in the presence of a pathogenic periodontal biofilm.
Getting new drugs to market: how individuals could do this without leaving their desks
Authors: Joe Collier
Journal: BMJ (2006)

was treated with the kernel of the atun tree, these kernels were described nearly 400 years ago as a treatment for symptoms that are treated today with modern antibiotics.The current literature has no descriptions of the use of the atun tree to treat any disease similar to dysentery. 6By searching historical texts on herbal medicine, therefore, we have identified a potential new drug with antibacterial properties and have recovered lost knowledge of traditional medicine.We thank Timothy Motley, Old Dominion University, USA for suggesting Independent Samoa as the location for the botanical expedition and Robin Patel, Mayo Clinic, USA for providing the bacterial samples.
Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollutants (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) on the Development of Brain White Matter, Cognition, and Behavior in Later Childhood
Authors: Bradley S. Peterson, Virginia A. Rauh, Ravi Bansal, Xuejun Hao, Zachary Toth, Giancarlo Nati, Kirwan Walsh, Rachel L. Miller, Franchesca Arias, David Semanek, Frederica Perera
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous and neurotoxic environmental contaminants. Prenatal PAH exposure is associated with subsequent cognitive and behavioral disturbances in childhood.
The Synthetic Triterpenoid 2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic Acid Induces Caspase-Dependent and -Independent Apoptosis in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Marina Konopleva, Twee Tsao, Zeev Estrov, Ruey-min Lee, Rui-Yu Wang, C. Ellen Jackson, Teresa McQueen, Giuseppe Monaco, Mark Munsell, John Belmont, Hagop Kantarjian, Michael B. Sporn, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), resistance to chemotherapy is associated with defects in both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Novel agents that activate endogenous apoptosis-inducing mechanisms directly may be potentially useful to overcome chemoresistance in AML. We examined the mechanisms of apoptosis induction by the novel synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) in AML cells. CDDO-induced apoptosis was associated with the loss of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, caspases activation, the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor to the nucleus, and DNA fragmentation in AML cells. Apoptosis was equally evident in cells deficient in caspase-9 or caspase-8 after exposure to CDDO, suggesting caspase-independent cell death. The use of small interfering RNA to reduce the expression of apoptosis-inducing factor partially inhibited CDDO-induced apoptosis in AML cells. Cells overexpressing Bcl-2 were markedly resistant to CDDO-induced apoptosis. Moreover, CDDO promoted the release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria, suggesting that CDDO targets the mitochondria directly to trigger the intrinsic pathway of cell death in intact cells. Together, these results suggest that CDDO functions by activating the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and initiates caspase-dependent and independent cell death. The direct modulation of mitochondrial-mediated, caspase-independent apoptosis by CDDO may be advantageous for overcoming chemoresistance in AML.
Predictors of poor mental and physical health status among patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: The Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS)
Authors: Joseph A. Boscarino, Mei Lu, Anne C. Moorman, Stuart C. Gordon, Loralee B. Rupp, Philip R. Spradling, Eyasu H. Teshale, Mark A. Schmidt, Vinutha Vijayadeva, Scott D. Holmberg
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Our objective was to assess the extent and risk factors for depression and poor physical health among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We surveyed HCV‐infected patients seen at four large healthcare systems participating in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS). Survey data included demographics, depression and physical health measures, substance use history, current social support, recent stressor exposures, and, from the electronic medical record, treatment history, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores. There were 4,781 respondents, who were a mean of 56.7 years old, 71% White, and 57% male. Altogether, 51.4% reported past injection drug use, 33.9% were current smokers, and 17.7% had abused alcohol in the previous year. Additionally, 47.4% had been previously treated for HCV and 14.8% had a 12‐week sustained viral response (SVR) following HCV therapy. Overall, 29.7% of patients met criteria for current depression and 24.6% were in poor physical health. In multivariate analyses, significant predictors of depression and poor health included: male gender (versus female, odds ratios [ORs], 0.70 and 0.81), Black race (versus white, ORs, 0.60 and 0.61), having education less than high school (versus college, ORs, 1.81 and 1.54), being employed (versus not, ORs, 0.36 and 0.25), having high life stressors (versus low, ORs, 2.44 and 1.64), having low social support (versus high, ORs = 2.78 and 1.40), and having high Charlson scores (versus none, ORs = 1.58 and 2.12). Achieving a 12‐week SVR was found to be protective for depression. Conclusion : This large survey of U.S. HCV patients indicates the extent of adverse health behaviors and mental and physical comorbidities among these patients. (H epatology 2015;61:802–811)
Rectus sheath haematoma: a rare presentation of non-contact strenuous exercises
Authors: Hemant Sharma, Narayan Singh Shekhawat, Sudhir Bhandari, Breda Memon, Muhammed Ashraf Memon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Rectus sheath haematoma (RSH) is a well-documented but uncommon clinical condition. It is usually a self-limiting condition but can present as a life-threatening emergency. RSH after non-contact vigorous exercise is unknown. Two such cases secondary to yoga and laughter therapy sessions, respectively, are reported. One of them required surgical intervention, whereas the other was successfully treated conservatively.
Core guidelines for the discharge home of the child on long term assisted ventilation in the United Kingdom
Authors: E. Jardine, C. Wallis
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Paediatric home ventilation is a feasible option and can be successful in a wide range of conditions and ages. Advances in ventilator technology and an ethos of optimism for home care has increased the possibilities for discharging chronically ventilated children from intensive care units and acute medical beds. With careful planning the process can succeed, but difficulties often thwart the responsible team, especially when attempting discharge for the first time. These core guidelines aim to assist a smooth, swift and successful transfer. They were developed by a working party of interested professionals spanning a wide range of health care disciplines and represent a synthesis of views accumulated from the experiences of individual teams throughout the UK. Three case scenarios provide further illustrative detail and guidance.
Subtractive assembly for comparative metagenomics, and its application to type 2 diabetes metagenomes
Authors: Mingjie Wang, Thomas G. Doak, Yuzhen Ye
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

Comparative metagenomics remains challenging due to the size and complexity of metagenomic datasets. Here we introduce subtractive assembly, a de novo assembly approach for comparative metagenomics that directly assembles only the differential reads that distinguish between two groups of metagenomes. Using simulated datasets, we show it improves both the efficiency of the assembly and the assembly quality of the differential genomes and genes. Further, its application to type 2 diabetes (T2D) metagenomic datasets reveals clear signatures of the T2D gut microbiome, revealing new phylogenetic and functional features of the gut microbial communities associated with T2D.
Role of miR-195 in Aortic Aneurysmal Disease
Authors: Anna Zampetaki, Rizwan Attia, Ursula Mayr, Renata S.M. Gomes, Alkystis Phinikaridou, Xiaoke Yin, Sarah R. Langley, Peter Willeit, Ruifang Lu, Bruce Fanshawe, Marika Fava, Javier Barallobre-Barreiro, Chris Molenaar, Po-Wah So, Abeera Abbas, Marjan Jahangiri, Matthew Waltham, Rene Botnar, Alberto Smith, Manuel Mayr
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Abdominal aortic aneurysms constitute a degenerative process in the aortic wall. Both the miR-29 and miR-15 families have been implicated in regulating the vascular extracellular matrix.Our aim was to assess the effect of the miR-15 family on aortic aneurysm development.Among the miR-15 family members, miR-195 was differentially expressed in aortas of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice on angiotensin II infusion. Proteomics analysis of the secretome of murine aortic smooth muscle cells, after miR-195 manipulation, revealed that miR-195 targets a cadre of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, and proteins associated with elastic microfibrils, albeit miR-29b showed a stronger effect, particularly in regulating collagens. Systemic and local administration of cholesterol-conjugated antagomiRs revealed better inhibition of miR-195 compared with miR-29b in the uninjured aorta. However, in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice receiving angiotensin II, silencing of miR-29b, but not miR-195, led to an attenuation of aortic dilation. Higher aortic elastin expression was accompanied by an increase of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in mice treated with antagomiR-195. In human plasma, an inverse correlation of miR-195 was observed with the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysms and aortic diameter.We provide the first evidence that miR-195 may contribute to the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysmal disease. Although inhibition of miR-29b proved more effective in preventing aneurysm formation in a preclinical model, miR-195 represents a potent regulator of the aortic extracellular matrix. Notably, plasma levels of miR-195 were reduced in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms suggesting that microRNAs might serve as a noninvasive biomarker of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
The Pathology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: James C. Hogg, Wim Timens
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2008)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lung characterized by poorly reversible airflow limitation. It is not a unique disease entity but rather a complex of conditions which include emphysema, chronic bronchitis and, sometimes, asthma. Moreover, COPD is a progressive disease often associated with exacerbations. Cigarette smoking, which is the most important risk factor for the development of COPD, induces pathological changes involving lung parenchyma, peripheral airways and central airways. Since lung parenchyma and peripheral airways are the sites responsible for airflow limitation and central airways are the main site of mucus hypersecretion, pathological changes in these compartments may be relevant in the development of COPD.
Base rates, stereotypes, and judgmental accuracy
Authors: David C. Funder
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The base rate literature has an opposite twin in the social psychological literature on stereotypes, which concludes that people use their preexisting beliefs about probabilistic category attributes too much, rather than not enough. This ironic discrepancy arises because beliefs about category attributes enhance accuracy when the beliefs are accurate and diminish accuracy when they are not. To determine the accuracy of base rate/stereotype beliefs requires research that addresses specific content.
High-Mobility Group Box 1 Activates Integrin-Dependent Homing of Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Emmanouil Chavakis, Andreas Hain, Maria Vinci, Guillaume Carmona, Marco E. Bianchi, Peter Vajkoczy, Andreas M. Zeiher, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited to ischemic regions and improve neovascularization. Integrins contribute to EPC homing. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that is released extracellularly on cell necrosis and tissue damage, eliciting a proinflammatory response and stimulating tissue repair. In the present study, we investigated the effects of HMGB1 on EPC homing. EPCs express the HMGB1 receptors RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) and TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2). EPC migration was stimulated by HMGB1 in a RAGE-dependent manner. In addition, the HMGB1-induced migration of EPCs on fibronectin and fibrinogen was significantly inhibited by antibodies against β 1 and β 2 integrins, respectively. Short-term prestimulation of EPCs with HMGB1 also increased EPC adhesion to endothelial cell monolayers, and this effect was blocked by antibodies to β 2 integrins or RAGE. HMGB1 increased EPC adhesion to the immobilized integrin ligands intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and fibronectin in a RAGE-dependent manner. Strikingly, HMGB1 rapidly increased integrin affinity and induced integrin polarization. Using intravital microscopy in a tumor model of neovascularization, prestimulation of EPCs with HMGB1 enhanced the initial in vivo adhesion of EPCs to microvessels and the recruitment of EPCs in the tumor tissue. In addition, prestimulation of EPCs with HMGB1 increased the homing of EPCs to ischemic muscles. In conclusion, these data represent a link between HMGB1 and integrin functions of EPCs and demonstrate that HMGB1 stimulates EPC homing to ischemic tissues. These results may provide a platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to improve EPC homing.
Loss of circulating CD27+ memory B cells and CCR4+ T cells occurring in association with elevated EBV loads in XLP patients surviving primary EBV infection
Authors: Alejandro Malbran, Liliana Belmonte, Beatriz Ruibal-Ares, Patricia Baré, Ivana Massud, Cecilia Parodi, Marta Felippo, Richard Hodinka, Kathleen Haines, Kim E. Nichols, María M. de Bracco
Journal: Blood (2003)
Airway Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia in Asthma
Authors: Alan L. James, John G. Elliot, Robyn L. Jones, Mark L. Carroll, Thais Mauad, Tony R. Bai, Michael J. Abramson, Karen O. McKay, Francis H. Green
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Increased thickness of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer in asthma may result from hyperplasia or hypertrophy of muscle cells or increased extracellular matrix (ECM).To relate ASM hypertrophy, ASM hyperplasia, and deposition of ECM to the severity and duration of asthma.Airways from control subjects (n = 51) and from cases of nonfatal (n = 49) and fatal (n = 55) asthma were examined postmortem. Mean ASM cell volume (V(C)), the number of ASM cells per length of airway (N(L)), and the volume fraction of extracellular matrix (f(ECM)) within the ASM layer were estimated. Comparisons between subject groups were made on the basis of general linear regression models.Mean V(C) was increased in the large airways of cases of nonfatal asthma (P = 0.015) and fatal asthma (P < 0.001) compared with control subjects. N(L) was similar in nonfatal cases and control subjects but increased in large (P < 0.001), medium (P < 0.001), and small (P = 0.034) airways of cases of fatal asthma compared with control subjects and with nonfatal cases (large and medium airways, P ≤ 0.003). The f(ECM) was similar in cases of asthma and control subjects. Duration of asthma was associated with a small increase in N(L).Hypertrophy of ASM cells occurs in the large airways in both nonfatal and fatal cases of asthma, but hyperplasia of ASM cells is present in the large and small airways in fatal asthma cases only. Both are associated with an absolute increase in ECM. Duration of asthma has little or no effect on ASM hypertrophy or hyperplasia or f(ECM).
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 Promotes Liver Metastasis by Induction of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling
Authors: Charlotte Kopitz, Michael Gerg, Obul Reddy Bandapalli, Dilek Ister, Caroline J. Pennington, Stephanie Hauser, Christin Flechsig, Hans-Willi Krell, Dalibor Antolovic, Keith Brew, Hideaki Nagase, Manfred Stangl, Claus W. Hann von Weyhern, Björn L.D.M. Brücher, Karsten Brand, Lisa M. Coussens, Dylan R. Edwards, Achim Krüger
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Balanced expression of proteases and their inhibitors is one prerequisite of tissue homeostasis. Metastatic spread of tumor cells through the organism depends on proteolytic activity and is the death determinant for cancer patients. Paradoxically, increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), a natural inhibitor of several endometalloproteinases, including matrix metalloproteinases and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-10 (ADAM-10), in cancer patients is negatively correlated with their survival, although TIMP-1 itself inhibits invasion of some tumor cells. Here, we show that elevated stromal expression of TIMP-1 promotes liver metastasis in two independent tumor models by inducing the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling pathway and expression of several metastasis-associated genes, including HGF and HGF-activating proteases, in the liver. We also found in an in vitro assay that suppression of ADAM-10 is in principle able to prevent shedding of cMet, which may be one explanation for the increase of cell-associated HGF receptor cMet in livers with elevated TIMP-1. Similar TIMP-1–associated changes in gene expression were detected in livers of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The newly identified role of TIMP-1 to create a prometastatic niche may also explain the TIMP-1 paradoxon. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8615–23]
Adjuvant Procarbazine, Lomustine, and Vincristine Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma: Long-Term Follow-Up of EORTC Brain Tumor Group Study 26951
Authors: Martin J. van den Bent, Alba A. Brandes, Martin J.B. Taphoorn, Johan M. Kros, Mathilde C.M. Kouwenhoven, Jean-Yves Delattre, Hans J.J.A. Bernsen, Marc Frenay, Cees C. Tijssen, Wolfgang Grisold, László Sipos, Roelien H. Enting, Pim J. French, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Charles J. Vecht, Anouk Allgeier, Denis Lacombe, Thierry Gorlia, Khê Hoang-Xuan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Anaplastic oligodendroglioma are chemotherapy-sensitive tumors. We now present the long-term follow-up findings of a randomized phase III study on the addition of six cycles of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy to radiotherapy (RT).Adult patients with newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors were randomly assigned to either 59.4 Gy of RT or the same RT followed by six cycles of adjuvant PCV. An exploratory analysis of the correlation between 1p/19q status and survival was part of the study. Retrospectively, the methylation status of the methyl-guanine methyl transferase gene promoter and the mutational status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene were determined. The primary end points were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival based on intent-to-treat analysis.A total of 368 patients were enrolled. With a median follow-up of 140 months, OS in the RT/PCV arm was significantly longer (42.3 v 30.6 months in the RT arm, hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.95). In the 80 patients with a 1p/19q codeletion, OS was increased, with a trend toward more benefit from adjuvant PCV (OS not reached in the RT/PCV group v 112 months in the RT group; HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.31 to 1.03). IDH mutational status was also of prognostic significance.The addition of six cycles of PCV after 59.4 Gy of RT increases both OS and PFS in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors. 1p/19q-codeleted tumors derive more benefit from adjuvant PCV compared with non-1p/19q-deleted tumors.