tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carbon ion radiotherapy for malignant melanoma of female genital organs
Authors: H. Kiyohara, S. Kato, T. Ohno, Y. Ohkubo, T. Tamaki, T. Kamada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e16548 Background: Malignant melanoma of the female genital organs is a very rare tumor and resistant to conventional photon radiotherapy. We report six cases of female genital malignant melanoma those were well controlled locally by carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). Methods: Between November 2004 and October 2008, six patients with unresectable female genital malignant melanoma were treated with CIRT. Age of the patients ranged from 55 to 80 years (median; 69 years). Four patients had previously untreated locally invasive tumors and other two had locally recurrent tumors after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. The tumor located in the vagina (4 patients), both the cervix and the vagina (1 patient), or both the vagina and the vulva (1 patient). Two patients had inguinal lymph node metastasis and two had distant metastases at CIRT. All patients received a total dose of 57.6 gray equivalent (GyE) in 16 fractions over 4 weeks of CIRT. Three patients received chemotherapy using dacarbazine, ACNU, and vincristine after CIRT. Results: The follow-up durations after CIRT were from 9 to 20 months (median; 13 months). No patient developed severe acute toxicity during CIRT. No late toxicity of greater Grade 2 was experienced, while Grade 1 proctitis was observed in a patient. All tumors completely responded to CIRT. No patient developed in-field recurrence. The four patients without distant metastasis were alive with no evidence of disease for 9–20 months after CIRT. The two patients with distant metastases died from metastatic disease 13 and 18 months after CIRT, respectively. Conclusions: CIRT achieved favorable local tumor control without developing severe acute and late toxicity in the treatment of unresectable malignant melanoma of the female genital organs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cellular drug resistance profiles in childhood acute myeloid leukemia : Differences between FAB types and comparison with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Christian M. Zwaan, Gert-Jan L. Kaspers, Rob Pieters, Nicole L. Ramakers-Van Woerden, Monique L. den Boer, Renate Wünsche, Maria M. A. Rottier, Karel Hählen, Elizabeth R. van Wering, Gritta E. Janka-Schaub, Ursula Creutzig, Anjo J. P. Veerman
Journal: Blood (2000)
Lysis of Fresh Human Tumor Cells by Autologous Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Pleural Effusion Lymphocytes Activated by OK432&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A Uchida, M Micksche
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBL) and from pleural effusions (PEL) of cancer patients were tested for cytotoxicity against tumor cells freshly isolated from carcinomatous pleural effusion of the same patient. Significant lysis of autologous tumor cells was recorded for 4 of 28 PBL samples and for 5 of 28 PEL cases when investigated in a 4-hour 51Cr release assay. In vitro treatment of lymphocytes for 20 hours with the streptococcal preparation OK432 resulted in an induction or augmentation of cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells in 21 of 28 PBL and PEL specimens. OK432-induced cytotoxicity required active cell metabolism, RNA and protein syntheses, but not DNA synthesis of lymphocytes. Supernatants of OK432-stimulated lymphocytes, and interferon and interleukin 2 failed to induce autologous tumor killing. Nylon wool-nonadherent lymphocytes were involved in both spontaneous and OK432-induced lysis of fresh autologous tumor cells. OK432-activated lymphocytes from normal donors and cancer patients caused lysis of fresh allogeneic tumor cells and also K562 cells.
Phase I study of paclitaxel in combination with sorafenib and bevacizumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
Authors: B. Schultheis, H. Neumann, R. Roy, G. Kummer, D. Strumberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e13079 Background: High levels of VEGF protein correlate with a poor prognosis translating into poor OS of cancer patients. Bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel significantly prolongs PFS and increases the objective RR in patients with breast cancer. Serum levels of VEGF increase, in a dose-dependent manner, with all oral TKIs inhibiting VEGFR-2; this reflects a potential escape mechanism of the tumor, consequently overcoming antiangiogenic TKI activity. Combination of sorafenib plus bevacizumab has impressive clinical activity in patients with mRCC, potentially due to overcoming such escape mechanisms. Methods: Titration of the minimal effective (MED) or maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of bevacizumab in combination with regular dosed weekly paclitaxel (90 mg/m2 d1,8,15 q4wks) and continuous oral sorafenib (200 mg bid), that is sufficient to suppress the increase of VEGF levels. A total of 3-6 pts have been or will be treated per dose level with 0 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg and 5 mg bevacizumab q2wks, respectively. Blood levels of VEGF are assessed at baseline, and 8 h post-dose of first sorafenib on days 1 and 15 before the initial dose of bevacizumab, and thereafter before every bevacizumab infusion. Results: Currently 12 pts with various solid tumors were enrolled with bevacizumab doses of 0 mg (n=4), 1 mg (n=6), and 2 mg (n=2). Drug-related adverse events (AEs) observed so far were predominantly hand-foot- syndrome (HFS) (6 pts; CTC 3: 3pts), rash (CTC3: 1pt), stomatitis (3 pts; CTC3: 1 pt), PNP (2 pts; CTC3: 1 pt), diarrhea (CTC 3: 2 pts), granulocytopenia (CTC4: 1 pt), hoarseness (2 pts; CTC3: 1 pt). Treatment-related AEs leading to dose reduction, interruption or discontinuation were HFS (2 pts) and PNP (1 pt). So far, toxicities were not related to the dose of bevacizumab. Currently 9 pts are evaluable for response according to RECIST (ongoing SD: 8 pts, PD: 1 pt). Preliminary VEGF-data support the biological activity of the treatment. Conclusions: The combination of paclitaxel with sorafenib and bevacizumab is potentially highly efficacious, but toxicities might require special precautions. MED or MTD of bevacizumab in this combination have not been reached yet. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Erratum to: Clinical metagenomic identification of Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis and assembly of the draft genome: the continuing case for reference genome sequencing
Authors: Alexander L. Greninger, Kevin Messacar, Thelma Dunnebacke, Samia N. Naccache, Scot Federman, Jerome Bouquet, David Mirsky, Yosuke Nomura, Shigeo Yagi, Carol Glaser, Michael Vollmer, Craig A. Press, Bette K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, Samuel R. Dominguez, Charles Y. Chiu
Journal: Genome Medicine (2016)

Author details Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco 94107 CA, USA. UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco 91407 CA, USA. Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA. California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA. Kaiser Permanente Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA. John Muir Hospital, Walnut Creek, CA, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco 94107 CA, USA.
Abstract MP08: Evaluating the Influence of Bloomberg Era Policy on New York City Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Rates
Authors: Paulina Ong, Gina Lovasi, Ryan Demmer
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Since 2002, under the Bloomberg administration, New York City (NYC) has aggressively pursued and implemented a broad set of public health policies to reduce chronic disease. Limited research exists evaluating secular trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality against the backdrop of these policy initiatives. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that CVD mortality trends declined more rapidly during the years 2002-2011 compared with the previous decade. Methods: Using individual death certificates of NYC residents during 1990-2011, all-cause mortality rates were calculated in addition to the following cause-specific mortality rates: any CVD, atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD), coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, ischemic stroke. Mortality rates were age and sex standardized to the NYC year 2000 population. Joinpoint regression identified years in which mortality trends changed after excluding 116,285 deaths (10% of all deaths) occurring in 9 NYC hospitals (due to their participation in a cause of death reporting quality improvement training in 2009, sponsored by NYC Department of Health &amp; Mental Hygiene (DOHMH)). Results: 1,149,217 deaths occurred to NYC residents from 1990-2011, 566,181 among women and 583,036 among men. The annual percent change (APC) in all-cause mortality rates for women and men were -2.6% and -7.1% between 1994 and 1998, while rates were approximately -2.5% for both sexes from 1998-2011. CVD accounted 49.5% and 37.5% of deaths among women and men, respectively in 1990; in 2011 these proportions were 40.4% and 35.3%. Age standardized CVD mortality rates (per 100,000) for women and men were 391.0 and 357.8 in 1990 vs. 197.2 and 166.2 in 2011. Overall CVD mortality rates increased in women and men by 1.7% and 0.05% from 1990-1993 and began to decline in 1993 with APCs of -3.8% and -4.0% during 1993-2011. In contrast, the decline in atherosclerotic CVD mortality accelerated during 2002-2011 (APC=-4.7%) vs. 1990-2002 (APC=-2.4%) among men. Among women, atherosclerotic CVD rates began to decline more rapidly in 1993 (APC=-3.2%) and again in 2006 (APC=-6.6%) vs. 1990-1993 (APC=1.9%). Similar trends were evident for CAD mortality. Ischemic stroke mortality rates declined steadily from 1990-2011 in both sexes and there was no evidence of change in these trends. Results were generally consistent when all hospitals were included with the exception of rates for overall CVD mortality, which began to show more rapid decline in 2009 - immediately following DOHMH cause-of-death training efforts. Conclusion: Overall, CVD mortality rates in NYC did not accelerate during the 2002-2011 period after accounting for changes in cause of death reporting. However, atherosclerotic CVD rates did appear to change in slope (shift to declining more rapidly) during this period, with possible differences in timing between men and women.
Chemical Determination of Methylnitrosourea and Ethylnitrosourea in Stomach Contents of Rats, After Intubation of the Alkylureas Plus Sodium Nitrite 2
Authors: Sidney S. Mirvish, Cecilia Chu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

A method was described for determining >0.2 mg amounts of methylnitrosourea (MNU) or ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in rat stomach contents or powdered rat food. The method involved hexane extraction, ether extraction from a methanol-water mixture, a second ether extraction after removal of the methanol, thin-layer chromatography, and determination of the nitrosoureas by ultraviolet absorption. Starved rats were given 21.5 mg methylurea or 25.5 mg ethylurea plus 10 mg NaNO2 by stomach tube. After 45–80 minutes the stomach contents showed a mean yield from nitrite of 27% for MNU and 8.7% for ENU (7 rats each). Intubation of sodium bicarbonate before the methylurea and nitrite were given neutralized the stomach contents and prevented MNU formation. MNU was stable when incubated with gastric juice for 1 hour at 37° C. Thirty minutes after intubation of 5 mg MNU or ENU, 27–29% of the nitrosoureas were recovered from the stomach. This is the first demonstration by chemical analysis of nitrosourea formation in the stomach. Estimates based on the nitrosation kinetics indicated that the nitrosoureas could reasonably be formed by an acid-catalyzed chemical reaction.
Role of Interferon in the Protective Effect of the Double-Stranded Polyribonucleotide Against Murine Tumors Induced by Moloney Sarcoma Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Erik De Clercq, Pierre De Somer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Tumor growth in NMRI mice infected neonatally with the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV) was effectively inhibited by the synthetic double-stranded polyribonucleotide (poly rl:rC). This protective effect was obtained with repeated doses of poly rl:rC injected on alternate days from 1 day to 11 days after virus inoculation, as well as with a single dose of poly rl:rC injected 12 hours before virus inoculation. The antitumor effect of a single injection of poly rl:rC 12 hours before virus challenge could be duplicated by exogenous interferon administered in amounts closely mimicking the interferon blood levels obtained endogenously with poly rl:rC. This indicates that the whole antitumor effect of a single dose of poly rl:rC, injected 12 hours before M-MSV infection, is due to interferon production.
Violations of Human Rights: Torture and the Medical Profession
Authors: Alfred Gellhorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

At an Amnesty International medical seminar in Athens, Greece, March 10 and 11, 1978, 130 physicians, dentists, nurses, medical social workers and lawyers heard 27 short reports covering the following topics: careful medical and psychologic examinations of victims of torture; research on the subsurface effects of refined torture technics such as electric shock, and the extensive activities of physician groups in Europe and Greece in writing letters to authorities in countries where workers in the health professions have disappeared, presumably into state prisons. Also covered were the legal measures to compensate torture victims when a dictatorship returns to democracy as . . .
DNA-DNA hybridization evidence of the rapid rate of muroid rodent DNA evolution.
Authors: F M Catzeflis, F H Sheldon, J E Ahlquist, C G Sibley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

Single-copy nuclear DNAs (scnDNAs) of eight species of arvicoline and six species of murine rodents were compared using DNA-DNA hybridization. The branching pattern derived from the DNA comparisons is congruent with the fossil evidence and supported by comparative biochemical, chromosomal, and morphological studies. The recently improved fossil record for these lineages provides seven approximate divergence dates, which were used to calibrate the DNA-hybridization data. The average rate of scnDNA divergence was estimated as 2.5%/Myr. This is approximately 10 times the rate in the hominoid primates. These results agree with previous reports of accelerated DNA evolution in muroid rodents and extend the DNA-DNA hybridization data set of Brownell.
The dexamethasone suppression test in suicidal patients with unipolar depression
Authors: S D Targum, L Rosen, A E Capodanno
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Of 49 newly hospitalized patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for primary unipolar depression and were given the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), significantly more patients admitted for suicide attempts than nonsuicidal patients had abnormal DSTs. All five patients who made subsequent suicide attempts (one completed) within 6 months after admission had had abnormal DSTs. These findings suggest that the tendency of endogenously depressed patients to attempt suicide is exacerbated by an underlying neurobiological disorder reflected by limbic-hypothalamic dysregulation and that depressed suicidal patients with abnormal DSTs represent a high-risk group for recurrence of suicidal behavior.
Increase in Poisoning Deaths Caused by Non-Illicit Drugs—Utah, 1991-2003
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Deaths caused by drug poisoning of unintentional and undetermined intent are an increasing problem in Utah and elsewhere in the United States. To characterize the trend in drug-poisoning deaths in Utah, CDC and the Utah Department of Health analyzed medical examiner (ME) data for 1991-1998 and 1999-2003. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that, during 1991-2003, the number of Utah residents dying from all drug poisoning increased nearly fivefold, from 79 deaths in 1991 (rate: 4.4 per 100,000 population) to 391 deaths in 2003 (rate: 16.6). This increase has been largely the result of the tripling of the rate (from 1.5 during 1991-1998 to 4.4 during 1999-2003) in poisoning deaths of unintentional or undetermined intent caused by non-illicit drugs (i.e., medications that can be legally prescribed). Further study is needed to understand these trends and to develop strategies to prevent deaths of unintentional or undetermined intent from non-illicit drug poisoning.
Selection Criteria and Current Issues in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Toshimi Kaido
Journal: Liver Cancer (2016)

Liver transplantation (LT) is an ideal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because it not only resects HCCs but it also replaces the underlying damaged liver with normal tissue. However, the selection criteria are still a matter of debate. After the introduction of the Milan criteria, some expanded criteria focusing on tumor size and number have been proposed. In addition, new expanded criteria considering tumor biology have been proposed using tumor markers and &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. This review summarizes the selection criteria in LT for HCC and introduces current issues focusing on the treatment for hepatitis C virus infection and the significance of sarcopenia in this field.
Credibility, credulity, and redistribution
Authors: Hugo A Viciana, Claude Loverdo, Antoni Gomila
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract After raising some doubts for cultural group selection as an explanation of prosocial religiosity, we propose an alternative that views it as a “greenbeard effect.” We combine the dynamic constraints on the evolution of greenbeard effects with Iannaccone's (1994) account of strict sects. Our model shows that certain social conditions may foster credulity and prosociality.
Bioterrorism: Crime and opportunity
Authors: D Byrne
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

The unprecedented and tragic terrorist attacks in the United States (US) have sent shock waves through national administrations that have grown accustomed to fighting expenditure wars in the health area and had relegated public health vigilance and emergency preparedness to the back burner. It was obvious from the immediate reaction to the horrors and menaces of the autumn of 2001 that, insofar as health and safety is concerned, governments continued to measure success by the degree of quietness, remoteness and uneventful normality that is achieved by those entrusted with the responsibility to protect health. The paradox of health and safety is that you are winning when you hear nothing: any publicity is bound to be bad publicity.
Oral Excretion of Herpesvirus saimiri In Captive Squirrel Monkeys and Incidence of Infection in Feral Squirrel Monkeys2
Authors: Lawrence A. Falk, Stephen Nigida, Friedrich Deinhardt, Robert W. Cooper, Jorge I. Hernandez-Camacho
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) was isolated from peripheral lymphocytes of 16 of 20 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) recently imported from the region of Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia. Sera of all 20 animals (including juveniles as young as 1½ years of age) had antibodies to HVS. A group of 10 female squirrel monkeys, captive for more than 1 year and also shown to be HVS carriers, were examined over 5 months for oral excretion of HVS. Virus was consistently isolated from oropharyngeal secretions of 9 monkeys. Filtration studies showed that at least some HVS present in the oropharyngeal secretions was cell free.
Prevalence and odds of S<i>taphylococcus aureus</i>carriage in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: J.E.E. Totté, W.T. van der Feltz, M. Hennekam, A. van Belkum, E.J. van Zuuren, S.G.M.A. Pasmans
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly implicated as a possible causal factor in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the reported prevalence rates of skin and nasal colonization in the literature vary widely. This study evaluates the prevalence and odds of skin and nasal colonization with S. aureus in patients with AD. A systematic literature search was conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) for colonization in patients vs. controls and the prevalence of colonization in patients were pooled using the random‐effects model. Overall, 95 observational studies were included, of which 30 had a control group. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality, with the majority of studies being of fair to poor quality. Patients with AD were more likely to be colonized with S. aureus than healthy controls [OR 19·74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10·88–35·81]. Differences were smaller in nonlesional skin (OR 7·77, 95% CI 3·82–15·82) and in the nose (OR 4·50, 95% CI 3·00–6·75). The pooled prevalence of S. aureus colonization among patients was 70% for lesional skin, 39% for nonlesional skin and 62% for the nose. In lesional skin, meta‐regression showed that the prevalence of colonization increased with disease severity. Study heterogeneity should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results. These results demonstrate the importance of colonization with S. aureus in AD. Further evaluation of the mechanisms by which S. aureus influences inflammation is required in addition to the development of targeted strategies to decrease skin and nasal S. aureus load.
Liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin plus paclitaxel and trastuzumab as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable and locally advanced breast cancer.
Authors: D. Rossi, B. Pistilli, D. Morale, A. Baldelli, V. Casadei, G. Benedetti, S. Luzi Fedeli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e11069 Background: Schedules with anthracyclines and taxanes are one of the best options for primary chemotherapy. The addition of trastuzumab showed an impressive percentage of pathological complete responses in Buzdar trial (66.7%). Recently, liposome- encapsulated doxorubicin (Myocet) has been widely used in advanced breast cancer with high response rates (92% in Cortes study). The aim of our study was to assess clinical and pathological responses with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin plus paclitaxel (and trastuzumab in pts with Her2 overexpression). Methods: 30 patients entered the study: 8 locally advanced and 22 operable. Median age was 57 years (range: 31-73). 23 pts without Her-2 3+ expression (or FISH not amplified) were treated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 every three weeks for 3 courses and weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 (Taxol) for 8 courses. 7 pts with Her-2 3+ expression or FISH amplified were treated with the same schedule plus trastuzumab (Herceptin) 4 mg/kg for the first administration and 2 mg/Kg for the following 7 weekly administrations. Results: Objective clinical responses were documented in 18 out of 24 evaluable pts (75%): 7 complete (29%), 7 partial (29%) and 4 minimal responses (17%). Pathological complete response was not documented in any pts. Clinical response in pts with HER-2 pverexpression treated with trastuzumab and chemotherapy was 100% (4 complete and 3 partial responses). Conservative surgery was performed in 8 out of 14 operable pts (57%) and mastectomy in 11 pts. Main toxicity was neutropenia: febrile in 3 pts (10%) and gr. 3-4 in 10 (34%). Other grade 3 toxicities were as follows: vomiting in 2 pts, asthenia in 1 pt. Conclusions: Paclitaxel and liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin was active in terms of clinical response and conservative surgery for pts with potentially operable and locally advanced breast cancer. Our study confirmed high activity of the combination with trastuzumab in pts with Her2 overexpression. However, these results in terms of clinical responses didn't turn into pathological responses. No significant financial relationships to disclose.