tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening mammography in old women saves lives: A simulation model
Authors: E. Barrajon, A. Lopez, E. Adrover
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10561 Background: Screening mammography has shown to decrease breast cancer specific death rate by 20–25% and has been recommended in women aged 40 and above, nevertheless, some country service screen programs stop screening in women older than 69, even though the sensitivity and specificity of screening mammography is highest in older women, especially those older than 80 years. The size of the older population is growing exponentially and old women have the highest incidence of breast cancer; one third of breast cancer diagnosis and half the deaths of breast cancer in USA occurred in women aged 70 and above in the year 2000. The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of mammographic screening in women aged 70 and above on breast cancer mortality. Methods: US Census, SEER, CISNET, CDC, HMD, ULTD databases were searched to obtain population data and rates of incidence and mortality of breast cancer by age. In addition, mammography screening bibliography from randomized clinical trials, meta-analysis, and service health programs publications were reviewed to estimate the impact of screening mammography on results for different strata. Analytical and simulation methods were applied for modeling the data with the aid of Mathematica to calculate breast cancer reduction rate. Results: A reduction in breast cancer mortality was observed with a magnitude proportional to age, even after taking into account competing risks of death by other causes in the aging population. Simulation of different scenarios revealed a decrease in breast cancer mortality in the range of 5 to15% for women younger than 50 years, 15 to 25% in the group of women aged 50 to 69, and 25 to 35% in women older than 69. Factors such as population life expectancy, breast cancer incidence, attrition rate in screening or cross-over, overall specificity of mammographic detection, interval of screening, impact the estimations, explaining in part some of the negative results of prevention trials. Conclusions: Reduction of breast cancer mortality by mammographic screening is proportional to age. Women aged 70 and above benefit more from mammographic screening than younger women. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Maternal mortality in India
Authors: R. Kale
Journal: BMJ (1996)

James Owen Drifes article criticizes Indian doctors for being indifferent to Indias high maternal mortality rates.  His evidence is a Delhi conference: the most attended session was on in-vitro fertilization; at the session on training primary care workers the only doctors who left without listening were expensively dressed Indian women doctors.  Drife ignores the economic realities of the situation:  that in India primary care doctors often cannot afford to attend such conferences and that the doctors who do attend usually work in tertiary care and can not afford to pay for sessions not in their fields.  Despite Drifes implication that maternal mortality has not changed in India since 1935 Indias maternal mortality rate has fallen.  If it has fallen more slowly than in Britain India is a poorer country and maternal mortality is a socioeconomic problem.  Drifes article was patronizing and ill-informed.
Brief Communication: Detection of Mason-Pfizer Virus Infection With Human KC Cells Carrying Rous Virus Genome2
Authors: Mumtaz Ahmed, Wlo Korol, Jen Yeh, George Schidlovsky, Sami A. Mayyasi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Human KC cells carrying the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genome formed massive syncytia when cocultivated with cells infected by the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV). Syncytia were also induced when a concentrated M-PMV preparation was added directly to the KC cells. Syncytia were not observed when 118 MG cells (parent KC cells free of RSV) or XC cells were cocultivated with M-PMV-infected cells. The KC test was as sensitive as viral polymerase or immunofluorescence tests for detection of M-PMV infections. Syncytia induced by cellfree M-PMV disappeared on serial passage of the KC culture, and a chronic M-PMV infection was established. This culture then lost its capacity to form syncytia when superinfected with M-PMV or cocultivated with M-PMV infected cells.
Febrile neutropenia during acute myeloid leukemia therapy: Single institution experience from a developing country
Authors: A. Gupta, M. Singh, H. Singh, L. Kumar, A. Sharma, S. Bakhshi, V. Raina, S. Thulkar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e18000 Background: Febrile neutropenia poses a major challenge during treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Methods: Episodes of febrile neutropenia in 104 consecutive patients of AML admitted to the medical oncology ward between May 2001 and December 2006 were studied. There were 62 males and 42 females, median age 28 years (2–61 years). Results: 402 febrile episodes including 363 episodes of febrile neutropenia (180 in induction, 183 in consolidation) and 39 non-neutropenic episodes (18 in induction, 21 in consolidation) occurred. Clinical, microbiological and radiological foci could be detected in 51.1%, 22.2 %, and 31.1% episodes of febrile neutropenia during induction and 31.1%, 19.1% and 12.7% episodes during consolidation. Rates of documented infections during induction and consolidation were 74% and 52%. Respiratory (39.2%) and ear, nose, and throat ( 23.9%) were the commonest clinical sites during induction. Respiratory (21%) and central line infections (19.2%) were commonest during consolidation. Gram negative infections predominated (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae: major isolates). 32.5% of microbiologically proven infections during induction and 14.2% during consolidation were polymicrobial. Bronchopneumonia was the commonest radiological focus. There were 60 episodes of fungal infections (47 in induction, 13 in consolidation). There were: 1 definite: mucormycosis, 3 probable (1 case each: Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis in blood, 1 chronic disseminated hepatosplenic candidiasis), and 56 possible infections. Halo sign was seen in 18, sinusitis with bone erosion in 7. Infections accounted for 85% of the 20 deaths (induction: 18). Fungal infections and bronchopneumonia were major causes of mortality (p = 0.001). 3/4 enterococcal bacteremias were associated with mortality (p = 0.001). 6 cases of tuberculosis (5 pneumonias with necrotic mediastinal nodes, 1 Pott's spine) and 3 cases of malaria (1 cerebral malaria) were also detected. Conclusions: Induction was associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Prompt and proper institution of antibiotics and antifungals besides considering alternative diagnosis peculiar to the region (e.g. tuberculosis, malaria) may aid in better management. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Functional Segregation of Cortical Regions Underlying Speech Timing and Articulation
Authors: Michael A. Long, Kalman A. Katlowitz, Mario A. Svirsky, Rachel C. Clary, Tara McAllister Byun, Najib Majaj, Hiroyuki Oya, Matthew A. Howard, Jeremy D.W. Greenlee
Journal: Neuron (2016)
Effects of Oxyphenbutazone (Tandearil) on Plasma Seromucoids: I. In Experimental Inflammation
Authors: R BARCELO, P RIOPEL, L P LEGRESLEY
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Some metabolic aspects of seromucoids in inflammation were elucidated by the use of oxyphenbutazone (OPB), a potent anti-inflammatory drug whose mode of action is fundamentally different from that of corticosteroids. Inflammation was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 3 ml. of 1% formaldehyde. This resulted in an immediate and remarkable increase in the plasma seromucoid level, which persisted for 23 days. The subcutaneous injection of OPB (100 mg./kg.), six hours after formal-dehyde treatment, significantly lowered plasma seromucoids. The decrease was more pronounced when the same dosage of OPB was administered 24 hours before formal-dehyde injection. However, no effects were detected with single or repeated injections of OPB in a dosage of 50 mg./kg. Furthermore, the plasma seromucoid levels of normal rats were uninfluenced by OPB. From these results, it was postulated that some mediating or stimulating factor was released at the site of injury that was responsible for the increased synthesis of seromucoids and that was inhibited by OPB. The lowering effect of OPB was in contrast to the action of ACTH and cortisone, which latter do not alter the increased plasma level of seromucoids. These results further confirm that plasma seromucoid regulation is independent of the pituitary-adrenal mechanism.
Acute dissection of the thoracic aorta
Authors: N J Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1995)

in haematology or oncology or in bone marrow transplantation centres.Thus, although the specifics of bone marrow transplantation are crucial for transplant physicians, they are unlikely to be of interest, or importance, to non-specialists.With regard to Simon A J Rule and colleagues' final comment, although Aberdeen is a small transplant centre our experience in marrow transplantation is not limited to this single institution.
Fludarabine: An active agent in the treatment of previously-treated and untreated low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: P L Zinzani, F Lauria, D Rondelli, D Benfenati, D Raspadori, M Bocchia, M Bendandi, A Gozzetti, F Zaja, R Fanin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1993)
TS-1 and docetaxel followed by 5-FU/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (FEC) as preoperative treatment in women with stage II/III breast cancer: A phase II study.
Authors: Tetsu Hayashida, Hiromitsu Jinno, Maiko Takahashi, Yuko Kitagawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

124 Background: The sequential combination of anthracycline and docetaxel (TXT) is one of the standard regimen in the preoperative setting, however, the adverse events of TXT such as febrile neutropenia, fatigue, edema is not low at all. Several reports showed a synergistic effect of combination chemotherapy with 5-FU and TXT through down-regulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidine synthetase (TS). (Suto et al., Oncol Rep 2006) Okazaki et al. reported the trial of pre-operative combination chemotherapy of TS-1 (80mg/m 2 ) and TXT (40mg/m 2 ) with 13% of pCR rates (HER2-negative), and less adverse events. This study's purpose was to determine the efficacy of TS-1 and TXT followed by FEC in preoperative setting. Methods: This was a single-arm, clinical study evaluating the patients with stage II/III and HER2 negative breast cancer received 4 cycles of TS-1 (TS-1 80 mg/m 2 on days 1-14 and docetaxel 40 mg/m 2 on day 1 every 3 weeks), followed by 4 cycles of FEC (fluorouracil 500 mg/m 2 , epirubicin 100 mg/m 2 , cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m 2 on day 1 every 3 weeks). The primary end point was the pCR rate. The secondary end points were the clinical response rate, adverse drug reactions. The sample size of this study (55 patients) was calculated based on pCR rate obtained in previous studies of the sequential combination of anthracycline and TXT in preoperative setting (HER2-negative). Results: From November 2009 to April 2010, 55 patients were enrolled and 50 patients were assessable for clinical and pathologic responses. The overall response rate (caliper) was 82.0%. The pCR rate was 12.0% (6/50). The breast-conserving rate in patients whose tumor size was larger than 3 cm was 53.3%. PgR status was significantly correlated with pCR. (p=0.024) Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in one patient (2.0%) at the first cycle. The most common grade 3/4 non-hematologic adverse event was hand-foot syndrome, observed in 12 patients (24.5%). One patient (2.0%) showed grade 4 diarrhea. Conclusions: These results indicate that the sequential combination of TS-1 and docetaxel followed by FEC is a well-tolerated, effective neoadjuvant treatment for stage II/III breast cancer.
Perioral wrinkles are associated with female gender, aging, and smoking: Development of a gender-specific photonumeric scale
Authors: Anna L. Chien, Ji Qi, Nancy Cheng, Thy Thy Do, Missale Mesfin, Robert Egbers, Wenfei Xie, Conroy Chow, Heather Chubb, Dana Sachs, John Voorhees, Sewon Kang
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2016)
Oral chemotherapeutic agents in elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, a study from a developing country
Authors: S. Mukhopadhyay, P. Chitalkar, P. Gupta, U. Roy, A. Mukhopadhyay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7057 Background: Almost 60% of the patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are over the age of 60 years. Age is one of the strongest adverse prognostic factor for AML, both for induction remission and for survival. Studies have shown that elderly patients have reduced tolerance to aggressive chemotherapy especially the myelosupressive effects. Elderly patients with Leukemia who receive intensive treatment often die as a result of chemotherapy. Aggressive chemotherapy is also costly which the relatives in developing country are reluctant to spend for the elderly patients. The aim of our study was to see the outcome, tolerability and cost effectiveness of oral chemotherapeutic agents. Methods: We selected consecutive 100 patients more than 50 years of age in haemato oncology department of NCRI (Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute) during the period from Jan 2004 to Dec 2006. The mean age of the patients was 65 (range 50 –71) years. There was male preponderance. The inclusion criteria were performance status more than 60% (Kornofsky), Morphological, Cyto-Chemical and Immunophenotyping diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), normal liver (billirubine &lt; 2) and kidney function ( Creatinine &lt;2%). After the incent consent all patient were started oral chemotherapeutic agents 6 Mercptopurine (6MP) 75mg/m 2 . Etoposide 70mg/m 2 and Prednisolone 40mg/m 2 . All agents are given 3 weeks followed by 7 days gap every month and continued for 6 months. Bone Marrow was repeated after 3 rd &amp; 6 th course of chemotherapy. Results: Fifteen (15%) and thirtyeight patients (38%) had complete hematological response after 3 rd &amp; 6 th course of chemotherapy. Seven patients (7%) died because of grade III/IV Neutropenia. Median duration of Myelosupression was 18 days (2 to 48 days).12% required hospitalisation. With median follow up of 19 months (range 2–36 months) the disease free survival (DFS) and over all survival (OS) was 18 % and 32 % respectively. Conclusions: The combination of oral chemotherapeutic agents consisting of 6MP, Etoposide &amp; Prednisolone were well tolerated by elderly patients with good induction remission, low mortality and median survival. It was cheaper and well accepted by the patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever—Uganda, August 2000-January 2001
Journal: JAMA (2001)

An outbreak of an unusual febrile illness with occasional hemorrhage and significant mortality was reported to the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Kampala by the superintendent of St. Marys Hospital in Lacor and the District Director of Health Services in the Gulu District on October 8 2000.  A preliminary assessment conducted by the MoH found additional cases in Gulu District and in Gulu Hospital.  On October 15 suspicion of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) was confirmed when the National Institute of Virology in Johannesburg South Africa identified Ebola virus infection among specimens from patients including health care workers at St. Marys Hospital.  This report describes surveillance and control activities related to the EHF outbreak and presents preliminary clinical and epidemiologic findings.  The control activities were organized around surveillance and epidemiology clinical case management social education and mobilization and coordination and logistic support.  Moreover targeted prevention activities included follow-up of contacts of identified cases for 21 days; establishment of trained burial teams for all potential and confirmed EHF deaths; community education; cessation of traditional healing and burial practices; cessation of large public gatherings; and updates of hospital infection-control measures including isolation wards.  During the 4-month outbreak and response period approximately 5600 contacts in Gulu District were under surveillance for 21 days by approximately 150 trained volunteers.
Frameless hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery treatment to tumors within 2 mm of the optic apparatus.
Authors: M. Ali, D. Stacy, B. Collett, S. Lindsey, A. Stroink, K. Kattner, E. Nardone, J. Seibly, L. Howard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e12549 Background: Conventional tx options for benign or malignant tumors w/in 2 mm of the optic apparatus include 25-28 conventional RT txs given over 5 wks, surgery to pull the tumor further than 2 mm from the optic apparatus followed by a 1 fx of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), 1 fx SRS alone, a clinical trial, or close observation. A retrospective study from Stanford University Medical Center has shown promise for effective treatment of perioptic lesions with hypofractionated SRS, showing high rates of tumor control and visual function retention. This prospective study is intended to build upon the Stanford study, increase the body of knowledge, and advance evidence-based tx options. Methods: The Rx dose: 25 Gy delivered in 5 sessions (5 Gy x 5 fx). The planning target volume (PTV) consists of the perioptic lesion with no margin. The plans are constructed so that 95% of the PTV receives ≥ 95% of the prescribed dose. The critical structures that are contoured in all cases are both eyes, brainstem, optic chiasm, and both optic nerves. Dose constrains that apply: 10 Gy to eyes, 20 Gy to brainstem, 25 Gy to optic chiasm, and 25 Gy to optic nerves. Variables to be analyzed: local tumor control rate and the acute adverse and delayed effects of this tx regimen on the optic apparatus. Results: Currently 6 pts (2 pts with adenomas and 4 with meningiomas have undergone hypofractionated frameless SRS using an image-guided 6 MV linear accelerator. All 6 pts received 25 Gy in 5 fx. The critical structure dose constrains were met per protocol. Mean fu: 7 mos. Mean LOS: 14 mos. There have been no Grade 3-5 adverse events. All 6 pts were clinically and radiologically stable at their 30 day fu post-SRS. Local control: 100%. No pts have experienced a decline in visual function. 1 pt had an unrelated dx of high-risk prostate cancer that unfortunately metastasized to his bone, liver and pancreas. This pt died 8.25 mos post SRS for an orbital meningioma. Conclusions: This data suggests that 5 fx SRS for control of perioptic tumor is a promising tx. This prospective study is ongoing. Centers should consider adding patients to this study Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Central Illinois Neuro Health Sciences
Perioperative prognostic value of dipyridamole echocardiography in vascular surgery: A large-scale multicenter study
Authors: R. Sicari, A. Ripoli, E. Picano, A. Djordjevic-Dikic, R. Di_Giovanbattista, G. Minardi, S. Matskeplishvili, S. Ambatiello, G. Pulignano, M. Accarino, A. Lusa, R.G. Del, R. Pedrinelli, Y. Buziashvili
Journal: Circulation (1999)
Immunotherapy with dendritic cells primed with an allogenic melanoma cell line in advanced metastatic melanoma
Authors: J. Nesselhut, D. Marx, R. Y. Chang, C. Matthes, D. Lorenzen, B. Hildenbrand, J. Peters, T. Nesselhut
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20026 Background: Metastatic melanoma is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis. The reported median overall survival times are less than 10 months. Here we show that immunotherapy with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) primed with an allogeneic cell line known to express a wide pattern of melanoma specific antigens can induce clinical responses in metastatic melanoma after failure of standard therapies. Methods: After isolating monocytes from peripheral blood of n=52 patients (n=27 with single metastatic organ, n=24 with more than one metastatic organ) MoDC were generated using standard protocols. The MoDC were primed on day 5 with tumor-lysate prepared from an allogeneic melanoma cell line and co-cultured with poly:IC and IFN-α. The MoDC were harvested on day 7 and administered to the patients, intradermally. Previously we showed that a high IL-12 and low IL-10 production by the MoDC was correlated to the clinical response. Culture conditions were tested for downregulation of IL-10 and simultaneous upregulation of IL-12 secretion by ELISPOT. Results: We were able to induce a clinical response in 42% (n=22) of the patients. The median survival after onset of DC-therapy was 7 months and after diagnosis of metastasis 17 months. At 12 months after diagnosis of metastasis, patients with brain metastases have the shortest median overall survival. The longest median overall survival is seen in patients with local or lymph node metastasis (29 months). Using culture conditions with sequential supplementation of a synthetic lipopeptide and a synthetic LPS, we are able to change an IL-12/IL-10 production profile < 1 to an IL12/IL-10 production file >1, which favours a TH-1 response. Conclusions: From our observations, immunotherapy with dendritic cells primed with an allogeneic cell line may prolong the overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. Treatment failure can be due to weak stimulation of CTL response due to a secretion of IL-10 dominating IL-12. We also demonstrated that certain danger signals can induce an upregulation of IL-12 and downregulation of IL-10 secretion in vitro and thus may improve the overall response and survival rates. No significant financial relationships to disclose.