tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Secretory IgA: immune defence pattern in ankylosing spondylitis and klebsiella.
Authors: M Calguneri, L Swinburne, R Shinebaum, E M Cooke, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Saliva secretory IgA (sIgA), secretory component (SC); serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), complement (C3, C4), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were performed in 32 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 29 normal controls. They were investigated for carriage in the faeces of Klebsiella spp. on 3 occasions over the previous months. Throat swabs and urine were cultured at the same time as immunological estimations were done. 24-hour urine sIgA specimens were studied in 13 patients and 12 normal controls. Significantly raised mean values of saliva sIgA and serum IgG, IgA, C3, and C4 were found in patients with raised values of serum ESR and CRP levels when correlated with controls. Raised values of sIgA in saliva, which is an important factor of the local immune defence mechanism of mucosal surfaces, suggests the presence of an antigenic stimulus from the gastrointestinal system in ankylosing spondylitis during activity of disease.
Health damage from alcohol misuse has been underplayed in government strategy, say MPs
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The government’s focus on antisocial behaviour and public order when dealing with alcohol misuse risks overshadowing the importance of the damage to health from excessive drinking, claim MPs in a new report.

In its response to the government’s alcohol strategy, the parliamentary select committee on health calls for clearer and more precise objectives in tackling alcohol misuse than are currently given by the government.1

The committee’s report analyses the government’s alcohol strategy, published in March by the Home Office, which set out plans to introduce a minimum unit price for alcohol and to work with the drinks industry to provide clearer information on alcohol units and calorie content.2

Although the Health Committee welcomed much of the strategy, serious flaws remain, according to the committee. “We believe that the health impact of …
What is the cumulative effect of long-term, low-dose isotretinoin on the development of DISH?
Authors: T.C. Ling, G. Parkin, J. Islam, D.C. Seukeran, W.J. Cunliffe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article What is the cumulative effect of long‐term, low‐dose isotretinoin on the development of DISH? Get access T.C. Ling, T.C. Ling Department of Dermatology and *Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Correspondence: Dr T.C.Ling, Department of Dermatology, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley BB10 2PQ, U.K.E‐mail: ling@dermatology.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Parkin, G. Parkin Department of Dermatology and *Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Correspondence: Dr T.C.Ling, Department of Dermatology, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley BB10 2PQ, U.K.E‐mail: ling@dermatology.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Islam, J. Islam Department of Dermatology and *Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Correspondence: Dr T.C.Ling, Department of Dermatology, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley BB10 2PQ, U.K.E‐mail: ling@dermatology.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.C. Seukeran, D.C. Seukeran Department of Dermatology and *Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Correspondence: Dr T.C.Ling, Department of Dermatology, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley BB10 2PQ, U.K.E‐mail: ling@dermatology.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. Cunliffe W.J. Cunliffe Department of Dermatology and *Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Correspondence: Dr T.C.Ling, Department of Dermatology, Burnley General Hospital, Burnley BB10 2PQ, U.K.E‐mail: ling@dermatology.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 3, 1 March 2001, Pages 630–632, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04103.x Published: 01 March 2001
Pulmonary haemorrhage, pulmonary infarction, and the lupus anticoagulant.
Authors: H S Howe, M L Boey, K Y Fong, P H Feng
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus developed pulmonary haemorrhage and pulmonary infarction as rare initial manifestations of her disease. The latter was associated with the presence of the circulating lupus anticoagulant. She recovered with pulse doses of methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis. Anticoagulants were not administered.
A T Cell Receptor–specific Blockade of Positive Selection
Authors: Kristin K. Baldwin, Philip A. Reay, Lawren Wu, Andrew Farr, Mark M. Davis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

To investigate the influence of endogenous peptides on the developmental processes that occur during thymocyte selection, we have used monoclonal antibodies that preferentially recognize the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule I-Ek when it is bound to the moth cytochrome c peptide (88–103). One of these antibodies (G35) specifically blocks the positive selection of transgenic thymocytes expressing a T cell receptor that is reactive to this peptide– MHC complex. Furthermore, G35 does not block the differentiation of transgenic T cells bearing receptors for a different I-Ek–peptide complex. This antibody recognizes a subset of endogenous I-Ek–peptide complexes found on a significant fraction of thymic antigen-presenting cells, including cortical and medullary epithelial cells. The sensitivity of G35 to minor alterations in peptide sequence suggests that the thymic peptide–MHC complexes that mediate the positive selection of a particular class II MHC–restricted thymocyte are structurally related to the complexes that can activate it in the periphery.
Impaired Testicular Function in Patients With Carcinoma-In-Situ of the Testis
Authors: Peter Meidahl Petersen, Aleksander Giwercman, Steen W. Hansen, Jørgen G. Berthelsen, Gedske Daugaard, Mikael Rørth, Niels E. Skakkebæk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: To elucidate the biologic association between germ cell neoplasia and testicular dysfunction, through investigation of Leydig cell function and semen quality in men with carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) of the testis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined two groups of men, unilaterally orchidectomized for testicular cancer. Biopsy of the contralateral testis had showed CIS in a group of 24 patients and no evidence of CIS in the other group of 30 patients. Semen quality and serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were compared in these two groups of men after orchidectomy but before further treatment for testicular cancer. RESULTS: Significantly higher LH levels (median, 8.1 IU/L v 4.8 IU/L; P &lt; .001) and generally lower testosterone levels (median, 12.5 nmol/L v 15.5 nmol/L; P = .13) were found in the CIS group. The proportion of patients with Leydig cell dysfunction was higher in the group of patients with CIS (11 of 24) than in the group of patients without (two of 30) (P = .01). Sperm concentration and total sperm count were significantly lower (P &lt; .001) in patients with CIS (median, 0.03 × 10 6 /mL and 0.10 × 10 6 , respectively) than in patients without (median, 9.1 × 10 6 /mL and 32 × 10 6 , respectively), whereas the levels of FSH were significantly higher (P &lt; .001) in the former group of men (median, 19.6 IU/L v 9.0 IU/L). CONCLUSION: Not only spermatogenesis but also Leydig cell function is impaired in testes with CIS. This impairment could be due to common factors in the pathogenesis of germ cell neoplasm and testicular dysfunction. Alternatively, CIS cells may have a negative impact on Leydig cell function.
Analysis of the Yield of Phase II Combination Therapy Trials in Medical Oncology
Authors: Michael L. Maitland, Christine Hudoba, Kelly L. Snider, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Phase II clinical studies screen for treatment regimens that improve patient care, but screening combination regimens is especially challenging. We hypothesized that recognized flaws of single-arm trials could be magnified in combination treatment studies, leading to many reported positive phase II trials but with a low fraction resulting in practice-changing phase III trials.We searched medline and identified 363 combination chemotherapy clinical trials published in 2001 and 2002. Studies were rated as positive, negative, or inconclusive based on a standardized review of abstract and text. The Web of Science Index (Thomson Reuters, NY, NY) was searched for all articles published between January 2003 and October 2007 that cited at least one of these 363 published trials.Of 363 published phase II combination chemotherapy trials, 262 (72%) were declared to be positive. Among 3,760 unique subsequent citing papers, 20 reported randomized phase III trials of the same combination in the same disease as the source paper, and 10 of these resulted in improved standards of care. Estimating from these data, the likelihood that a published, positive phase II combination chemotherapy trial will result in a subsequent trial showing an improvement in standard of care within five years was 0.038 (95% confidence interval, 0.016-0.064).The contributory value of combination chemotherapy phase II trials done by 2001-2002 standards is low despite the participation of more than 16,000 subjects. Future phase II studies of combination regimens require better methods to screen for treatments most likely to improve standards of care.
Keeping in Trim: Nailed Doc Docks Nails
Authors: Bala V. Manyam
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently, I had an elderly patient in the hospital whose toenails had been neglected and uncut for a long period of time. Because I noticed this and because the patient asked me to, I requested that the nurses take care of this. I was informed that nurses no longer cut toenails! There is no podiatrist on the hospital staff. As an orthopedic consult was pending I hoped one of the residents would undertake the nail trimming when examining her deformed foot. Alas! Since the patient chose not to have surgery on her foot, the nails remained uncut. At this stage I accepted the concept that in a hospitalized patient, trimming of the toenails is part of primary patient care and I borrowed a nail trimmer from the nursing staff (who were delighted to loan it to me) and promptly attended to it, to everyone's delight.
A 93 year old man with the PRSS1 R122H mutation, low SPINK1 expression, and no pancreatitis: insights into phenotypic non-penetrance
Authors: A Khalid
Journal: Gut (2005)

The cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) R122H mutation causes autosomal dominant hereditary pancreatitis (HP) with multiple attacks of acute pancreatitis, but the penetrance, frequency, and severity of attacks are highly variable. HP twins study suggests that modifier genes influence severity but not penetrance.To investigate potential trypsin associated factors in subjects with the PRSS1 R122H mutation and phenotypic non-penetrance.Two subjects from HP families (including a 93 year old subject with PRSS1 R122H without pancreatitis), one with chronic pancreatitis and one with a normal pancreas, were studied. Relative expression of: (a) the PRSS1 R122 and H122 alleles; and (b) the PRSS1 and SPINK1 genes in pancreatitis were determined using complementary methods.PRSS1 wild-type (R122) and mutant (H122) allele expression was equivalent in multiple (> 3) samples from the phenotypically affected and non-penetrant subjects with R122H genotypes using allele specific quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and intron spanning nested RT-PCR followed by cDNA sequencing. Compared with PRSS1 mRNA levels, SPINK1 mRNA levels were low in normal appearing tissue but markedly increased in samples with chronic inflammation, independent of PRSS1 genotype.Attacks of acute pancreatitis in HP subjects appear to be independent of the relative expression of the mutant PRSS1 H122 allele or SPINK1 gene expression. The marked increase in SPINK1 gene expression with inflammation is consistent with its regulation as an acute phase protein.
Immunohistological studies of the kidney in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis using antisera to IgG, C3, fibrin, and human renal glomeruli.
Authors: D G Scott, N R Rowell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

<h3>Background</h3> With the recent publication of a large clinical trial on the use of a lower dose of intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), the concept of using a different dose has been debated. We intend to review the literature on using a lower dose of IV tPA and gain a better understanding of the impact of different IV doses on the treatment of patients with AIS. <h3>Methods</h3> A comprehensive literature search of the related topics in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and MEDLINE was carried out. Key words used include low dose IV tPA, thrombolysis, Alteplace and tPA for AIS. Findings were tabulated according to the size of the cohort studied, outcome, adverse event and level of evidence. The results of all studies using lower doses were analysed for efficacy and adverse events. <h3>Results</h3> From 1992 to 2016, there were 23 trials that included 10 950 patients published on the use of lower doses of IV tPA for AIS. Doses ranged from 0.5, 0.6, 0.75 to 0.85 mg/kg. Most were observational, retrospective and registry studies. One was a prospective open-label randomised controlled trial. 13 trials combined lower doses of IV tPA with a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor or thrombectomy. Patients treated with lower doses of IV tPA showed a trend of lower rate of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage and mortality at 3 months but slightly more disability. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Lower doses of IV tPA showed less haemorrhagic events but were not more effective compared with the standard dose. The optimal low dose of IV tPA remains unclear. Patients with AIS with a high risk of developing sypmtomatic intracranial haemorrhage might benefit from lower dose IV tPA, such as 0.6 mg/kg.
High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Stem-Cell Support As Adjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer: Overview of 15 Randomized Trials
Authors: Donald A. Berry, Naoto T. Ueno, Marcella M. Johnson, Xiudong Lei, Jean Caputo, Sjoerd Rodenhuis, William P. Peters, Robert C. Leonard, William E. Barlow, Martin S. Tallman, Jonas Bergh, Ulrike A. Nitz, Alessandro M. Gianni, Russell L. Basser, Axel R. Zander, R. Charles Coombes, Henri Roché, Yutaka Tokuda, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, John P. Crown, Paolo Pedrazzoli, Marco Bregni, Taner Demirer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHST) for high-risk primary breast cancer has not been shown to prolong survival. Individual trials have had limited power to show overall benefit or benefits within subsets.We assembled individual patient data from 15 randomized trials that compared HDC versus control therapy without stem-cell support. Prospectively defined primary end points were relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). We compared the effect of HDC versus control by using log-rank tests and proportional hazards regression, and we adjusted for clinically relevant covariates. Subset analyses were by age, number of positive lymph nodes, tumor size, histology, hormone receptor (HmR) status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status.Of 6,210 total patients (n = 3,118, HDC; n = 3,092 control), the median age was 46 years; 69% were premenopausal, 29% were postmenopausal, and 2% were unknown menopausal status; 49.5% were HmR positive; 33.5% were HmR negative, and 17% were unknown HmR status. The median follow-up was 6 years. After analysis was adjusted for covariates, HDC was found to prolong relapse-free survival (RFS; hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.93; P < .001) but not overall survival (OS; HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.02; P = .13). For OS, no covariates had statistically significant interactions with treatment effect, and no subsets evinced a significant effect of HDC. Younger patients had a significantly better RFS on HDC than did older patients.Adjuvant HDC with AHST prolonged RFS in high-risk primary breast cancer compared with control, but this did not translate into a significant OS benefit. Whether HDC benefits patients in the context of targeted therapies is unknown.
Metallosis of the skin mimicking malignant skin tumour
Authors: M. Akimoto, H. Hara, H. Suzuki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Metallosis of the skin mimicking malignant skin tumour Get access M. Akimoto, M. Akimoto Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30‐1 Oyaguchi‐kamimachi, Itabashi‐ku, Tokyo 173‐0032, Japan Mari Akimoto. E‐mail: marimo@med.nihon‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Hara, H. Hara Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30‐1 Oyaguchi‐kamimachi, Itabashi‐ku, Tokyo 173‐0032, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Suzuki H. Suzuki Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30‐1 Oyaguchi‐kamimachi, Itabashi‐ku, Tokyo 173‐0032, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 3, 1 September 2003, Page 653, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05387.x Published: 01 September 2003 Article history Accepted: 01 January 2003 Published: 01 September 2003
Occult connective tissue diseases mimicking idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Authors: G. E. Tzelepis, S. P. Toya, H. M. Moutsopoulos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

In patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), the diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is usually made after excluding, among other conditions, connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Although in most patients with a CTD and respiratory symptoms, the systemic nature of the disease is obvious, the ILD-related manifestations in CTDs may often dominate the clinical picture or precede systemic findings and thus mimic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. With the exception of systemic lupus erythematosus, all CTDs may imitate chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. In this setting, clues to an underlying CTD may be entirely absent or include subtle findings from various systems, including skin, vascular and musculoskeletal system or internal organs. Since nonspecific interstitial pneumonia is a relatively frequent histological pattern in CTDs, biopsy reports of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia should also prompt a search for an underlying CTD. Ultimately, diagnosis of a CTD requires confirmation with immunological testing; interpretation of the various laboratory tests should always be carried out in conjunction with clinical findings. The present article reviews specific clinical aspects of connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease that may help differentiate it from idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, especially when interstitial lung disease is the predominant or sole manifestation of an occult connective tissue disease.
The influence of combined intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and hyperosomotic mannitol on regional myocardial blood flow in ischemic myocardium in the dog.
Authors: J T Watson, D E Fixler, M R Platt, B B Nall, G K Jett, J T Willerson
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

We investigated the combined effectiveness of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and hyperosmotic mannitol (25%) on regional myocardial blood flow during acute coronary insufficiency. Cardiac output and paced heart rate were held constant in chloralose-anesthetized dogs during right heart bypass. Acute coronary insufficiency was produced by ligation of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Regional myocardial blood flow was measured using radioactive microspheres. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, mean aortic pressure, maximum left ventricular dp/dt, and hematocrit were unchanged by combined mannitol infusion and balloon pumping. Studies of combined treatment with balloon pumping and mannitol immediately after the second of two 13-minute consecutive reversible ligations of the LAD demonstrated that (1) collateral coronary blood flow increased 46% (P less than 0.02) in ischemic myocardium compared with mannitol infusion along during the first LAD ligation, and (2) collateral coronary blood flow increased 27% (P less than 0.05) in ischemic myocardium compared with balloon pumping along during the first LAD ligation. Studies in which combined treatment was delayed until 20 minutes after LAD ligation demonstrated that collateral coronary blood flow was elevated by 33% (P les than 0.05) in ischemic myocardium compared to control studies in which balloon pumping alone had no effect. The results suggest that the increase in collateral coronary blood flow was in part a result of an increased transmural pressure gradient produced by balloon diastolic augmentation and the ability of mannitol to reduce coronary vascular resistance in ischemic myocardium.
Stromal cell lines from mouse aorta-gonads-mesonephros subregions are potent supporters of hematopoietic stem cell activity
Authors: Robert A. J. Oostendorp, Kirsty N. Harvey, Nuray Kusadasi, Marella F. T. R. de Bruijn, Chris Saris, Rob E. Ploemacher, Alexander L. Medvinsky, Elaine A. Dzierzak
Journal: Blood (2002)