tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Autism in a US Metropolitan Area
Authors: Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, Catherine Rice, Tanya Karapurkar, Nancy Doernberg, Coleen Boyle, Catherine Murphy
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Concern has been raised about possible increases in the prevalence of autism. However, few population-based studies have been conducted in the United States.To determine the prevalence of autism among children in a major US metropolitan area and to describe characteristics of the study population.Study of the prevalence of autism among children aged 3 to 10 years in the 5 counties of metropolitan Atlanta, Ga, in 1996. Cases were identified through screening and abstracting records at multiple medical and educational sources, with case status determined by expert review.Autism prevalence by demographic factors, levels of cognitive functioning, previous autism diagnoses, special education eligibility categories, and sources of identification.A total of 987 children displayed behaviors consistent with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, or Asperger disorder. The prevalence for autism was 3.4 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2-3.6) (male-female ratio, 4:1). Overall, the prevalence was comparable for black and white children (black, 3.4 per 1000 [95% CI, 3.0-3.7] and white, 3.4 per 1000 [95% CI, 3.2-3.7]). Sixty-eight percent of children with IQ or developmental test results (N = 880) had cognitive impairment. As severity of cognitive impairment increased from mild to profound, the male-female ratio decreased from 4.4 to 1.3. Forty percent of children with autism were identified only at educational sources. Schools were the most important source for information on black children, children of younger mothers, and children of mothers with less than 12 years of education.The rate of autism found in this study was higher than the rates from studies conducted in the United States during the 1980s and early 1990s, but it was consistent with those of more recent studies.
Suppression of IgE antibody production in SJL mice. I. Nonspecific suppressor T cells.
Authors: N Watanabe, S Kojima, Z Ovary
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

High titer and persistent antihapten IgE production in SJL mice can be obtained using appropriate immunization and radiation. Nonirradiated mice rapidly terminate this antihapten IgE production. Radiation was not necessary to prolong antihapten IgE production in other strains of mice. Termination can be obtained even in irradiated SJL mice by transferring normal SJL spleen cells. That the suppressor cells are T cells is shown by using thymocytes or cells treated with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement. No appreciable suppressive effect by normal spleen cells could be demonstrated on IgG1 production in SJL mice. The characteristic of low and transient IgE antibody response in SJL mice is inherited as a recessive trait controlled by a single Mendelian autosomal gene and is not linked to the H-2-gene complex. This characteristic does not depend on the infectivity of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, the effect of anticarrier antibody, or the recognition of antigen.
Effect of preterm birth on later FEV<sub>1</sub>: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sarah J Kotecha, Martin O Edwards, W John Watkins, A John Henderson, Shantini Paranjothy, Frank D Dunstan, Sailesh Kotecha
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Increasing evidence suggests that preterm birth affects later lung function. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine whether percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%FEV<sub>1</sub>) is lower in later life in preterm-born subjects, with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), compared with term-born controls. <h3>Methods</h3> Studies reporting %FEV<sub>1</sub>, with or without a term-born control group, in later life for preterm-born subjects (&lt;37 weeks gestation) were extracted from eight databases. Data were analysed using Review Manager and STATA. The quality of the studies was assessed. <h3>Results</h3> From 8839 titles, 1124 full articles were screened and 59 were included: 28 studied preterm-born children without BPD, 24 with BPD<sub>28</sub> (supplemental oxygen dependency at 28 days), 15 with BPD<sub>36</sub> (supplemental oxygen dependency 36 weeks postmenstrual age) and 34 born preterm. For the preterm-born group without BPD and for the BPD<sub>28</sub> and BPD<sub>36</sub> groups the mean differences (and 95% CIs) for %FEV<sub>1</sub> compared with term-born controls were −7.2% (−8.7% to −5.6%), −16.2% (−19.9% to −12.4%) and −18.9% (−21.1% to −16.7%), respectively. Pooling all data on preterm-born subjects whether or not there was a control group gave a pooled %FEV<sub>1</sub> estimate of 91.0% (88.8% to 93.1%) for the preterm-born cohort without BPD, 83.7% (80.2% to 87.2%) for BPD<sub>28</sub> and 79.1% (76.9% to 81.3%) for BPD<sub>36</sub>. Interestingly, %FEV<sub>1</sub> for BPD<sub>28</sub> has improved over the years. <h3>Conclusions</h3> %FEV<sub>1</sub> is decreased in preterm-born survivors, even those who do not develop BPD. %FEV<sub>1</sub> of survivors of BPD<sub>28</sub> has improved over recent years. Long-term respiratory follow-up of preterm-born survivors is required as they may be at risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Changes in muscle temperature induced by 434 MHz microwave hyperthermia
Authors: Noriko Ichinoseki-Sekine, Hisashi Naito, Norio Saga, Yuji Ogura, Minoru Shiraishi, Arrigo Giombini, Valentina Giovannini, Shizuo Katamoto
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Objective: To investigate the changes in temperature of human muscle during microwave hyperthermia. Methods: Skin surface and muscle temperatures were measured in 11 healthy adult men (mean (SD) age 24.3 (2.2) years; height 174.2 (6.1) cm; weight 70.0 (5.3) kg) during a 30 min exposure of the thigh to 434 MHz microwave hyperthermia. Skin temperature was maintained at the pilot temperature of 40°C, and the temperature of the water in the bolus was 38°C. The peak power output was set at 60 W and controlled automatically to maintain the pilot temperature. The temperature was measured in the vastus lateralis muscle at an average muscle depth of 2.0 (0.2) cm, using a 23 G Teflon-shielded thermocouple. Biopsy specimens were obtained for light microscopy from three subjects. A muscle-equivalent phantom was used to evaluate the vertical heating pattern. Results: Both skin and muscle temperatures increased from baseline, and muscle temperature was higher than skin temperature (skin temperature 39.2 (0.5)°C, temperature rise 5.0 (1.5)°C; muscle temperature 43.7 (0.8)°C, temperature rise 8.9 (1.4)°C). At the end of the hyperthermia treatment, muscle temperature decreased to 39.8 (0.9)°C, but was still 4.8 (1.5)°C higher than the baseline. No signs of muscle damage were observed on the basis of the blood creatine kinase activity and histological sections. Conclusions: The results show that the 434 MHz microwave hyperthermia treatment increased and maintained muscle temperature locally by 6.3–11.4°C without muscle damage. These findings suggest that the microwave hyperthermia system provides effective and safe treatment.
The Opisthokonta and the Ecdysozoa May Not Be Clades: Stronger Support for the Grouping of Plant and Animal than for Animal and Fungi and Stronger Support for the Coelomata than Ecdysozoa
Authors: Gayle K. Philip, Christopher J. Creevey, James O. McInerney
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

In considering the best possible solutions for answering phylogenetic questions from genomic sequences, we have chosen a strategy that we suggest is superior to others that have gone previously. We have ignored multigene families and instead have used single-gene families. This minimizes the inadvertent analysis of paralogs. We have employed strict data controls and have reasoned that if a protein is not capable of recovering the uncontroversial parts of a phylogenetic tree, then why should we use it for the more controversial parts? We have sliced and diced the data in as many ways as possible in order to uncover the signals in that data. Using this strategy, we have tested two controversial hypotheses concerning eukaryotic phylogenetic relationships: the placement of arthropoda and nematodes and the relationships of animals, plants, and fungi. We have constructed phylogenetic trees from 780 single-gene families from 10 completed genomes and amalgamated these into a single supertree. We have also carried out a total evidence analysis on the only universally distributed protein families that can accurately reconstruct the uncontroversial parts of the phylogenetic tree: a total of five families. In doing so, we ignore the majority of single-gene families that are universally distributed as they do not have the appropriate signals to recover the uncontroversial parts of the tree. We have also ignored every protein that has ever been used previously to address this issue, simply because none of them meet our strict criteria. Using these data controls, site stripping, and multiple analyses, 24 out of 26 analyses strongly support the grouping of vertebrates with arthropods (Coelomata hypothesis) and plants with animals. In the other two analyses, the data were ambivalent. The latter finding overturns an 11-year theory of Eukaryotic evolution; the first confirms what has already been said by others. In the light of this new tree, we reanalyze the evolution of intron gain and loss in the rpL14 gene and find that it is much more compatible with the hypothesis presented here than with the Opisthokonta hypothesis.
Dietary Protein Intake and the Progressive Nature of Kidney Disease:
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Barry M. Brenner, Timothy W. Meyer, Thomas H. Hostetter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

IT is now more than 30 years since Addis suggested that protein intake be restricted in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.1 His aim was not to reduce uremic symptoms but rather to prevent an increase in the "workload" of surviving nephrons of diseased kidneys in order to minimize further loss of renal function. With the development and increasingly widespread availability of dialysis and transplantation in the past three decades, relatively little attention has been paid to the influence of diet on the progression of renal disease, despite general awareness that renal disease typically follows an inexorably progressive course. In this . . .
Effect of omeprazole--a gastric proton pump inhibitor--on pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion in man.
Authors: T Lind, C Cederberg, G Ekenved, U Haglund, L Olbe
Journal: Gut (1983)

The effect of oral omeprazole on pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in 11 healthy subjects. Doses of 20-80 mg produced dose dependent inhibition of acid secretion, with total suppression at the highest dose. Omeprazole was absorbed and eliminated from plasma rapidly and the inhibitory effect was related to the area under the plasma concentration time curve. The duration of action was long and single doses of 20 and 40 mg reduced acid secretion significantly for one and three days, respectively. Omeprazole in a dose of 15 mg given once daily for five days, suppressed acid secretion continuously, the inhibitory effect stabilising after three days at a predose inhibition of about 30% and a postdose inhibition of about 80%.
Inhibition of the immunosuppressive activity of resident pulmonary alveolar macrophages by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Authors: N Bilyk, P G Holt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Resident pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) play an important role in the maintenance of immunological homeostasis in the lung via downmodulation of local T cell responses in the steady state. The present study demonstrates that this pathway for T cell suppression is reversible via granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Thus, freshly isolated PAM strongly inhibit mitogen-induced T cell proliferation, and pretreatment of the PAM with cytokine-rich lung-conditioned medium (LCM) generated by exposure of lung to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) abrogated this suppressive activity. LCM from lungs of normal and athymic nude mice exhibited identical activity. Moreover, the PAM-modulating activity of LCM was inhibited by blocking antibody specific for GM-CSF, and the activity of LCM could be reproduced by recombinant GM-CSF. This suggests that secretion of GM-CSF by mesenchymal cells and/or macrophages under stimulation from agents such as LPS provides a potential mechanism for upregulation of local T cell responsiveness during acute inflammation. In addition, experiments with a range of cytokines indicated that interleukin 4, transforming growth factor beta 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) exhibited weaker (but significant) modulatory effects on PAM, and (in the case of TNF-alpha) amplified the effects of GM-CSF.
QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION OF IN VIVO DRUG CLEARANCE AND DRUG INTERACTIONS FROM IN VITRO DATA ON METABOLISM, TOGETHER WITH BINDING AND TRANSPORT
Authors: K. Ito, T. Iwatsubo, S. Kanamitsu, Y. Nakajima, Y. Sugiyama
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1998)

▪ Abstract It is of great importance to predict in vivo pharmacokinetics in humans based on in vitro data. We summarize recent findings of the quantitative prediction of the hepatic metabolic clearance from in vitro studies using human liver microsomes, hepatocytes, or P450 isozyme recombinant systems. Furthermore, we propose a method to predict pharmacokinetic alterations caused by drug-drug interactions that is based on in vitro metabolic inhibition studies using human liver microsomes or human enzyme expression systems. Although we attempt to avoid the false negative prediction, the inhibitory effect was underestimated in some cases, indicating the possible contribution of the active transport into hepatocytes and/or interactions at the processes other than the hepatic metabolism, such as the metabolism and transport processes during gastrointestinal absorption.
Brachytherapy after external beam radiotherapy and limited surgery preserves bladders for patients with solitary pT1–pT3 bladder tumors
Authors: C.C.E. Koning,, L.E.C.M. Blank, C. Koedooder, R.M. van Os, M. van de Kar, E. Jansen, J.J. Battermann, M. Beijert, C. Gernaat, K.A.M. van Herpen, C. Hoekstra, S. Horenblas, J.J. Jobsen, A.D.G. Krol, M.L.M. Lybeert, I.E.W. van Onna, R.C.M. Pelger, P. Poortmans, F.J. Pos, E. van der Steen-Banasik, A. Slot, A. Visser, B.R. Pieters
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
AVEREL: A Randomized Phase III Trial Evaluating Bevacizumab in Combination With Docetaxel and Trastuzumab As First-Line Therapy for HER2-Positive Locally Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Luca Gianni, Gilles H. Romieu, Michail Lichinitser, Sergio V. Serrano, Mauro Mansutti, Xavier Pivot, Paola Mariani, Fabrice Andre, Arlene Chan, Oleg Lipatov, Stephen Chan, Andrew Wardley, Richard Greil, Nicola Moore, Sylvie Prot, Celine Pallaud, Vladimir Semiglazov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

PURPOSE The AVEREL trial [A Study of Avastin (Bevacizumab) in Combination With Herceptin (Trastuzumab)/Docetaxel in Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer] evaluated first-line bevacizumab-containing therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (LR/MBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with measurable/evaluable HER2-positive LR/MBC who had not received trastuzumab or chemotherapy for LR/MBC were stratified by prior adjuvant trastuzumab, prior (neo)adjuvant taxane, hormone receptor status, and measurable disease and were randomly assigned to receive docetaxel 100 mg/m(2) plus trastuzumab 8 mg/kg loading dose followed by 6 mg/kg either with bevacizumab 15 mg/kg or without bevacizumab, all administered every 3 weeks. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Additional end points included overall survival, response rate (RR), safety, quality of life, and translational research. Results Baseline characteristics of the 424 patients were balanced between treatment arms. Most patients had visceral metastases, 43% had a disease-free interval less than 12 months, and 85% had measurable disease. Median follow-up was 26 months. The hazard ratio for investigator-assessed PFS was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.02; P = .0775; median PFS, 13.7 v 16.5 months in the non-bevacizumab and bevacizumab arms, respectively; PFS events in 72%). The Independent Review Committee-assessed PFS hazard ratio was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.94; P = .0162; median PFS, 13.9 v 16.8 months, respectively; PFS events in 53%). The RR was 70% versus 74%, respectively (P = .3492). Grade ≥ 3 febrile neutropenia and hypertension were more common with bevacizumab-containing therapy. High baseline plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) concentrations were associated with greater bevacizumab benefit (not statistically significant). CONCLUSION Combining bevacizumab with docetaxel and trastuzumab did not significantly improve investigator-assessed PFS. The potential predictive value of plasma VEGF-A is consistent with findings in HER2-negative LR/MBC, warranting prospective evaluation.
Breast-Conserving Treatment With or Without Radiotherapy in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: 15-Year Recurrence Rates and Outcome After a Recurrence, From the EORTC 10853 Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: Mila Donker, Saskia Litière, Gustavo Werutsky, Jean-Pierre Julien, Ian S. Fentiman, Roberto Agresti, Philippe Rouanet, Christine Tunon de Lara, Harry Bartelink, Nicole Duez, Emiel J.T. Rutgers, Nina Bijker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after a local excision (LE) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) aims at reduction of the incidence of a local recurrence (LR). We analyzed the long-term risk on developing LR and its impact on survival after local treatment for DCIS. Patients and Methods Between 1986 and 1996, 1,010 women with complete LE of DCIS less than 5 cm were randomly assigned to no further treatment (LE group, n = 503) or RT (LE+RT group, n = 507). The median follow-up time was 15.8 years. Results Radiotherapy reduced the risk of any LR by 48% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.68; P &lt; .001). The 15-year LR-free rate was 69% in the LE group, which was increased to 82% in the LE+RT group. The 15-year invasive LR-free rate was 84% in the LE group and 90% in the LE+RT group (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.87). The differences in LR in both arms did not lead to differences in breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS; HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.91) or overall survival (OS; HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.44). Patients with invasive LR had a significantly worse BCSS (HR, 17.66; 95% CI, 8.86 to 35.18) and OS (HR, 5.17; 95% CI, 3.09 to 8.66) compared with those who did not experience recurrence. A lower overall salvage mastectomy rate after LR was observed in the LE+RT group than in the LE group (13% v 19%, respectively). Conclusion At 15 years, almost one in three nonirradiated women developed an LR after LE for DCIS. RT reduced this risk by a factor of 2. Although women who developed an invasive recurrence had worse survival, the long-term prognosis was good and independent of the given treatment.
Therapeutic Targeting of ATP7B in Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Lingegowda S. Mangala, Vesna Zuzel, Rosemarie Schmandt, Erik S. Leshane, Jyotsna B. Halder, Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena, Whitney A. Spannuth, Takemi Tanaka, Mian M.K. Shahzad, Yvonne G. Lin, Alpa M. Nick, Christopher G. Danes, Jeong-Won Lee, Nicholas B. Jennings, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia, Judith K. Wolf, Robert L. Coleman, Zahid H. Siddik, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Svetlana Lutsenko, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Resistance to platinum chemotherapy remains a significant problem in ovarian carcinoma. Here, we examined the biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of targeting a critical platinum resistance gene, ATP7B, using both in vitro and in vivo models.Expression of ATP7A and ATP7B was examined in ovarian cancer cell lines by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis. ATP7A and ATP7B gene silencing was achieved with targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) and its effects on cell viability and DNA adduct formation were examined. For in vivo therapy experiments, siRNA was incorporated into the neutral nanoliposome 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC).ATP7A and ATP7B genes were expressed at higher levels in platinum-resistant cells compared with sensitive cells; however, only differences in ATP7B reached statistical significance. ATP7A gene silencing had no significant effect on the sensitivity of resistant cells to cisplatin, but ATP7B silencing resulted in 2.5-fold reduction of cisplatin IC(50) levels and increased DNA adduct formation in cisplatin-resistant cells (A2780-CP20 and RMG2). Cisplatin was found to bind to the NH(2)-terminal copper-binding domain of ATP7B, which might be a contributing factor to cisplatin resistance. For in vivo therapy experiments, ATP7B siRNA was incorporated into DOPC and was highly effective in reducing tumor growth in combination with cisplatin (70-88% reduction in both models compared with controls). This reduction in tumor growth was accompanied by reduced proliferation, increased tumor cell apoptosis, and reduced angiogenesis.These data provide a new understanding of cisplatin resistance in cancer cells and may have implications for therapeutic reversal of drug resistance.
Induction of Mouse Lung Adenomas by Amines or Ureas Plus Nitrite and by N-Nitroso Compounds: Effect of Ascorbate, Gallic Acid, Thiocyanate, and Caffeine2
Authors: Sidney S. Mirvish, Antonio Cardesa, Lawrence Wallcave, Philippe Shubik
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Induction of Mouse Lung Adenomas by Amines or Ureas Plus Nitrite and by N-Nitroso Compounds: Effect of Ascorbate, Gallic Acid, Thiocyanate, and Caffeine Get access Sidney S. Mirvish, Sidney S. Mirvish Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Antonio Cardesa, Antonio Cardesa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lawrence Wallcave, Lawrence Wallcave Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Philippe Shubik Philippe Shubik Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 55, Issue 3, September 1975, Pages 633–636, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.3.633 Published: 01 September 1975 Article history Received: 28 January 1975 Accepted: 21 May 1975 Published: 01 September 1975
CASE REPORT: Long-term Remission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus- associated Visceral Leishmaniasis after Initiation of Potent Combination Antiretroviral Treatment: Report of Two Cases
Authors: C.M. Mastroianni, G. d’Ettorre, G. Forcina, A. Corpolongo, S. Dell’Isola, M. Lichtner, C. D’Agostino, V. Trinchieri, P. Santopadre, V. Vullo
Journal: Journal of Infection (2000)
Sex hormone and atherosclerotic risk factor profiles are not determinants of coronary microvascular reserve in women with chest pain: pilot phase results from WISE
Authors: S.E. Reis, N. Reicheck, R. Holubkov, K.M. Detre, S. Kelsey, J.S. Lee, R.A. Kerensky, C.N.Bairey Merz, C.J. Pepine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)