tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Syngeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Comparison With Allogeneic and Autologous Transplantation—The Lymphoma Working Committee of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Philip J. Bierman, John W. Sweetenham, Fausto R. Loberiza, Goli Taghipour, Hillard M. Lazarus, J. Douglas Rizzo, Norbert Schmitz, Koen van Besien, Julie M. Vose, Mary Horowitz, Anthony Goldstone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To compare results of syngeneic, allogeneic, and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).The databases of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR) and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation were used to identify 89 NHL patients who received syngeneic transplants. These patients were compared with NHL patients identified from the IBMTR and the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry who received allogeneic (T-cell depleted and T-cell replete) and autologous (purged and unpurged) transplants.No significant differences in relapse rates were observed when results of allogeneic transplantation were compared with syngeneic transplantation for any histology. T-cell depletion of allografts was not associated with a higher relapse risk, but was associated with improved overall survival for patients with low-grade and intermediate-grade histology. Patients who received unpurged autografts for low-grade NHL had a five-fold (P =.008) greater risk of relapse than recipients of syngeneic transplants, and recipients of unpurged autografts had a two-fold (P =.0009) greater relapse risk than patients who received purged autografts. Among low-grade NHL patients, the use of purging was associated with significantly better disease-free survival (P =.003) and overall survival (P =.04) when compared with patients who received unpurged autografts.These analyses failed to find evidence of a graft-versus-lymphoma effect, but do provide indirect evidence to support the hypothesis that tumor contamination may contribute to lymphoma relapse, and that purging may be beneficial for patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for low-grade NHL.
Asthma in a Vietnamese refugee population.
Authors: A L Ries, M A Picchi, L H Nguyen, R J Moser, C A Molgaard, S I Wasserman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Asians and Pacific Islanders comprise a large and growing minority group in the United States, yet data on health status specific to these populations are scant. We conducted an epidemiologic study of asthma in a Vietnamese refugee population to estimate prevalence, evaluate risk factors, and better understand treatments of asthma among Vietnamese individuals. One hundred twenty-four asthma cases were identified from a population of 2,536 new Vietnamese refugees in San Diego (prevalence = 49 per 1,000; 4.9%). Two nonasthmatic control groups of Vietnamese refugees, matched for age and gender with the asthma cases, were recruited for a case-control study, using a questionnaire administered in Vietnamese. Vietnamese asthmatic individuals used both Western and non-Western therapies. Most subjects used traditional health practices, such as coining, cupping, and oil inhalation. As compared with current-refugee controls, the asthmatic subjects used significantly more bleeding (OR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.06 to 10.80) and herbal ingestion (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.19). As compared with former-refugee controls, the asthmatic subjects used significantly more oil inhalation (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.45 to 4.85), bleeding (OR: 8.64, 95% CI: 1.02 to 73.70), and herbal ingestion (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.67). The presentation and recognition of asthma among the Vietnamese subjects were similar to those in other populations. This information may be helpful in designing culture-specific health-education programs.
Cytokines Involved in the Systemic Inflammatory Response Induced by Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollutants (PM<sub>10</sub>)
Authors: STEPHAN F. van EEDEN, WAN C. TAN, TATSUSHI SUWA, HIROSHI MUKAE, TAKESHI TERASHIMA, TAKESHI FUJII, DIWEN QUI, RENAUD VINCENT, JAMES C. HOGG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Elevated levels of ambient particulate matter (PM10) have been associated with increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. We previously showed that the deposition of particles in the lung induces a systemic inflammatory response that includes stimulation of the bone marrow. This marrow response is related to mediators released by alveolar macrophages (AM) and in this study we measured cytokines produced by human AM exposed to ambient particles of different composition and size. Identified cytokines were also measured in the circulation of healthy young subjects exposed to air pollutants during the 1997 Southeast Asian forest fires. Human AM were incubated with particle suspensions of residual oil fly ash (ROFA), ambient urban particles (EHC 93), inert carbon particles, and latex particles of different sizes (0.1, 1, and 10 μ m) and concentrations for 24 h. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ) increases in a dose-dependent manner when AM were exposed to EHC 93 particles (p < 0.02). The TNF response of AM exposed to different sizes of latex particles was similar. The latex (158 ± 31%), inert carbon (179 ± 32%), and ROFA (216 ± 34%) particles all show a similar maximum TNF response (percent change from baseline) whereas EHC 93 (1,020 ± 212%, p < 0.05) showed a greater maximum response that was similar to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1 μ g/ml (812 ± 320%). Macrophages incubated with an optimal dose of EHC 93 particles (0.1 mg/ml) also produce a broad spectrum of other proinflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.01), IL-1 β (p < 0.05), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α (MIP-1 α ) (p < 0.05), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (p < 0.01) with no difference in concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (p = NS). Circulating levels of IL-1 β , IL-6, and GM-CSF were elevated in subjects exposed to high levels of PM10 during an episode of acute air pollution. These results show that a range of different particles stimulate AM to produce proinflammatory cytokines and these cytokines are also present in the blood of subjects during an episode of acute atmospheric air pollution. We postulate that these cytokines induced a systemic response that has an important role in the pathogenesis of the cardiopulmonary adverse health effects associated with atmospheric pollution.Keywords: air pollution; interleukin-6; granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; cytokines
Integrative Urinary Peptidomics in Renal Transplantation Identifies Biomarkers for Acute Rejection
Authors: Xuefeng B. Ling, Tara K. Sigdel, Kenneth Lau, Lihua Ying, Irwin Lau, James Schilling, Minnie M. Sarwal
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Noninvasive methods to diagnose rejection of renal allografts are unavailable. Mass spectrometry followed by multiple-reaction monitoring provides a unique approach to identify disease-specific urine peptide biomarkers. Here, we performed urine peptidomic analysis of 70 unique samples from 50 renal transplant patients and 20 controls (<i>n</i> = 20), identifying a specific panel of 40 peptides for acute rejection (AR). Peptide sequencing revealed suggestive mechanisms of graft injury with roles for proteolytic degradation of uromodulin (UMOD) and several collagens, including COL1A2 and COL3A1. The 40-peptide panel discriminated AR in training (<i>n</i> = 46) and test (<i>n</i> = 24) sets (area under ROC curve &gt;0.96). Integrative analysis of transcriptional signals from paired renal transplant biopsies, matched with the urine samples, revealed coordinated transcriptional changes for the corresponding genes in addition to dysregulation of extracellular matrix proteins in AR (MMP-7, SERPING1, and TIMP1). Quantitative PCR on an independent set of 34 transplant biopsies with and without AR validated coordinated changes in expression for the corresponding genes in rejection tissue. A six-gene biomarker panel (COL1A2, COL3A1, UMOD, MMP-7, SERPING1, TIMP1) classified AR with high specificity and sensitivity (area under ROC curve = 0.98). These data suggest that changes in collagen remodeling characterize AR and that detection of the corresponding proteolytic degradation products in urine provides a noninvasive diagnostic approach.
DNA copy number aberrations in endobronchial lesions: a validated predictor for cancer
Authors: Robert A A van Boerdonk, Johannes M A Daniels, Peter J F Snijders, Katrien Grünberg, Erik Thunnissen, Mark A van de Wiel, Bauke Ylstra, Pieter E Postmus, Chris J L M Meijer, Gerrit A Meijer, Egbert F Smit, Thomas G Sutedja, Daniëlle A M Heideman
Journal: Thorax (2013)

We recently identified a DNA copy number aberration (CNA)-based classifier, including changes at 3p26.3-p11.1, 3q26.2-29, and 6p25.3-24.3, as a risk predictor for cancer in individuals presenting with endobronchial squamous metaplasia. The current study was set out to validate the prediction accuracy of this classifier in an independent series of endobronchial squamous metaplastic and dysplastic lesions. The study included 36 high-risk subjects who had endobronchial lesions of various histological grades that were identified and biopsied by autofluorescence bronchoscopy and were subjected to arrayCGH in a nested case–control design. Of the 36 patients, 12 had a carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma at the same site at follow-up (median 11 months, range 4–24), while 24 controls remained cancer free (78 months, range 21–142). The previously defined CNA-based classifier demonstrated 92% (95% CI 77% to 98%) accuracy for cancer (in situ) prediction. All nine subjects with CNA-based classifier-positive endobronchial lesions at baseline experienced cancer outcome, whereas all 24 controls and 3 cases were classified as being low risk. In conclusion, CNAs prove to be a highly accurate biomarker for assessing the progression risk of endobronchial squamous metaplastic and dysplastic lesions. This classifier could assist in selecting subjects with endobronchial lesions who might benefit from more aggressive therapeutic intervention or surveillance.
DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Activity Is Not Required for Immunoglobulin Class Switching
Authors: Gayle C. Bosma, Jiyoon Kim, Teresa Urich, Donna M. Fath, Maria G. Cotticelli, Norman R. Ruetsch, Marko Z. Radic, Melvin J. Bosma
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Class switch recombination (CSR), similar to V(D)J recombination, is thought to involve DNA double strand breaks and repair by the nonhomologous end–joining pathway. A key component of this pathway is DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), consisting of a catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and a DNA-binding heterodimer (Ku70/80). To test whether DNA-PKcs activity is essential for CSR, we examined whether IgM+ B cells from scid mice with site-directed H and L chain transgenes were able to undergo CSR. Although B cells from these mice were shown to lack DNA-PKcs activity, they were able to switch from IgM to IgG or IgA with close to the same efficiency as B cells from control transgenic and nontransgenic scid/+ mice, heterozygous for the scid mutation. We conclude that CSR, unlike V(D)J recombination, can readily occur in the absence of DNA-PKcs activity. We suggest nonhomologous end joining may not be the (primary or only) mechanism used to repair DNA breaks during CSR.
The emergence of Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis in Birmingham, U.K.
Authors: J.G. LEEMING, T.S.J. ELLIOTT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

The anthropophilic fungus Trichophyton tonsurans is a cause of tinea capitis in children. Since the 1950s the organism has spread from Central to North America. A similar recent emergence of T. tonsurans has not been reported previously in the U.K. T. tonsurans was found to have become the predominant cause of tinea capitis in Birmingham, U.K., accounting for 72% of infections investigated in 1993. The symptoms and signs of the infection were variable and accurate diagnosis may be initially difficult. It is, thus, important to be aware of the emergence of T. tonsurans in the U.K., so that an early diagnosis can be made to facilitate appropriate treatment and to prevent spread of infection to close contacts.
The essentiality of insulin and the role of glucagon in regulating glucose utilization and production during strenuous exercise in dogs.
Authors: M Vranic, R Kawamori, S Pek, N Kovacevic, G A Wrenshall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

In order to elucidate the role of insulin and glucagon during strenuous exercise (100 m/min, slope 10-12 degrees), we have determined the rates of production (Ra), utilization (Rd), and metabolic clearance (M) of glucose in normal dogs before pancreatectomy and 2 wk after total pancreatectomy (a) when they were being maintained on constant intraportal basal insulin infusion, (245 muU/kg-min) and (b) when insulin supply had been withheld before and during exercise. Such an intense exercise induced in normal dogs a prompt decrease in mean immunoreactive serum insulin (IRI) from 20 +/- 3 to 11 +/- 2 muU/ml. In depancreatized insulin-infused dogs serum IRI during rest and exercise was between 14 +/- 1 and 12 +/- 2 muU/ml. In the third group, after cessation of insulin infusion, IRI decreased by 76% (from 17 +/- 5 to 4 +/- 1) and did not decrease futher during exercise. During exercise, serum immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) increased threefold in normal dogs. In depancreatized dogs serum IRG was the same as in normal resting dogs (indicating a nonpancreatic source of the hormone) but it did not increase during exercise. In normal dogs exercise induced proportional increases in Ra, Rd, and M (threefold) and normoglycemia was maintained. Changes in glucose turnover in depancreatized insulin-infused dogs were similar to those seen in normal dogs suggesting that a decrease in insulin secretion and a rise in IRG are not essential to prevent hypoglycemia in diabetic dogs. With the cessation of insulin infusion in resting depancreatized dogs, Ra increased, M decreased, and hyperglycemia ensued. During exercise, Ra continued to rise, but M did not increase significantly.(a) Regulation of glucose production by liver during exercise is multifactorial. A decrease in IRI and an increase in IRG are not the only factors which can promote delivery of glucose to the peripheral tissues. The insulin glucagon molar ratio was found not to be an essential metabolic functional unit in regulating glucose metabolism during exercise. (b) It is hypothesized that increases in blood flow and capillary surface area can lead to an increase in the amount of insulin delivered to the muscle even when serum levels of IRI are reduced during exercies. It is suggested that small, but adequate amounts of insulin (as found in normal and depancreatized insulin-infused dogs) are essential in regulating glucose uptake in the working muscle. (c) Since totally depancreatized dogs had normal serum levels of IRG (originating presumably from the gastrointestinal tract), the question of essentiality of basal glucagon activity in glucose homeostasis during exercise could not be resolved by these experiments. It appears, however, that regulation of secretion of nonpancreatic glucagon differs from that of pancreatic glucagon.
Kras Mutation Status in Colombian Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Analysis of 1104 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Lopez Panqueva Rocio, Torres Carvajal Maria de la Merced, Barrera Luis, Alvarez Johana, Cañon Diana, Ospina Natalia, Vasquez Liliana, Andrade Rafael
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Different bronchodilating effect of salmeterol and formoterol in an adult asthmatic
Authors: CS Ulrik, A Kok-Jensen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

New long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists, salmeterol and formoterol, have recently been marketed for treatment of asthma, but studies comparing the clinical efficacy of the two drugs have not been published. We report on an asthmatic patient who had a striking difference in bronchodilating effect of the two drugs, formoterol being more effective than salmeterol both in immediate response and during long-term treatment. Although, both formoterol and salmeterol are highly selective for the beta 2-adrenoceptors (comparable to salbutamol and terbutaline), differences in their chemical structure suggest differences in their mechanisms of action or receptor specificity. The clinical implication of our observation appears to be that a less favourable response in an individual patient to one of the long-acting beta 2-agonists should not preclude a trial with another. Future studies comparing the clinical efficacy of formoterol and salmeterol should probably also address the question of responders and nonresponders to these drugs; and furthermore, seek to explore a possible relationship to inherited variance in beta 2-receptors.
Developing COPD: a 25 year follow up study of the general population
Authors: A Lokke, P Lange, H Scharling, P Fabricius, J Vestbo
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Smokers are more prone to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than non-smokers, but this finding comes from studies spanning 10 years or less. The aim of this study was to determine the 25 year absolute risk of developing COPD in men and women from the general population.As part of the Copenhagen City Heart Study, 8045 men and women aged 30-60 years with normal lung function at baseline were followed for 25 years. Lung function measurements were collected and mortality from COPD during the 25 year observation period was analysed.The percentage of men with normal lung function ranged from 96% of never smokers to 59% of continuous smokers; for women the proportions were 91% and 69%, respectively. The 25 year incidence of moderate and severe COPD was 20.7% and 3.6%, respectively, with no apparent difference between men and women. Smoking cessation, especially early in the follow up period, decreased the risk of developing COPD substantially compared with continuous smoking. During the follow up period there were 2912 deaths, 109 of which were from COPD. 92% of the COPD deaths occurred in subjects who were current smokers at the beginning of the follow up period.The absolute risk of developing COPD among continuous smokers is at least 25%, which is larger than was previously estimated.
Social Adversity in Childhood and the Risk of Developing Psychosis: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Susanne Wicks, Anders Hjern, David Gunnell, Glyn Lewis, Christina Dalman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

There is conflicting evidence concerning the association of social childhood factors and subsequent psychosis. Previous studies have had inadequate designs. The aim of the present study was to describe a broad range of social factors during childhood and the risk of developing psychosis later in life in a national cohort.The study population consisted of all children born in Sweden in 1963-1983-2.1 million persons-in family households participating in the national census of 1970, 1980, 1985, or 1990. Hazard ratios were estimated for five different indicators of socioeconomic position (living in rented apartments, low socioeconomic status, single-parent households, unemployment, and households receiving social welfare benefits) from hospital admissions for schizophrenia and other psychoses during 1987-2002.Increased age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios for schizophrenia and other psychoses were found for all childhood socioeconomic indicators, ranking from lowest to highest hazard ratio: rented apartments, low socioeconomic status, single-parent households, unemployment, and households receiving social welfare benefits. Hazard ratios increased with an increasing number of adverse social factors present. Those with four measures of adversity had a 2.7-fold higher risk of schizophrenia than those with none.The results indicate that social adversity in childhood and fetal life is independently associated with the risk of developing schizophrenia and other psychoses later in life. The risks increased with an increasing number of exposures, suggesting a dose-response relationship.
THE PROMOTION OF UNIFORMITY IN THE REGISTRATION OF DISEASES IN HOSPITALS
Authors: R. F. Tobin
Journal: BMJ (1908)

OF DISEASES.IJUNE 0, t9cse hours, and sipce the establishment of a low temperatpre room, the bodies are in a much less septic condition.In oonclmlon, I would any that our desire should be to teach the student by a good object lesson the simplest way of safely caSTring out an awsptic operation, and that this is best done In a small theatre with the students close by.if the number of spectators Is large, then they must be aseparated into different theatres; in tact in America, large classes of any kind are being done away with altogether.
Microarray Analysis of Early Stage Serous Ovarian Cancers Shows Profiles Predictive of Favorable Outcome
Authors: Andrew Berchuck, Edwin S. Iversen, Jingqin Luo, Jennifer P. Clarke, Hisani Horne, Douglas A. Levine, Jeff Boyd, Miguel A. Alonso, Angeles Alvarez Secord, Marcus Q. Bernardini, Jason C. Barnett, Todd Boren, Susan K. Murphy, Holly K. Dressman, Jeffrey R. Marks, Johnathan M. Lancaster
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Although few women with advanced serous ovarian cancer are cured, detection of the disease at an early stage is associated with a much higher likelihood of survival. We previously used gene expression array analysis to distinguish subsets of advanced cancers based on disease outcome. In the present study, we report on gene expression of early-stage cancers and validate our prognostic model for advanced-stage cancers. Experimental Design: Frozen specimens from 39 stage I/II, 42 stage III/IV, and 20 low malignant potential cancers were obtained from four different sites. A linear discriminant model was used to predict survival based upon array data. Results: We validated the late-stage survival model and show that three of the most differentially expressed genes continue to be predictive of outcome. Most early-stage cancers (38 of 39 invasive, 15 of 20 low malignant potential) were classified as long-term survivors (median probabilities 0.97 and 0.86). MAL, the most differentially expressed gene, was further validated at the protein level and found to be an independent predictor of poor survival in an unselected group of advanced serous cancers (P = 0.0004). Conclusions: These data suggest that serous ovarian cancers detected at an early stage generally have a favorable underlying biology similar to advanced-stage cases that are long-term survivors. Conversely, most late-stage ovarian cancers seem to have a more virulent biology. This insight suggests that if screening approaches are to succeed it will be necessary to develop approaches that are able to detect these virulent cancers at an early stage.