tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrent stroke and multi-infarct dementia in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with antiphospholipid antibodies.
Authors: R A Asherson, D Mercey, G Phillips, N Sheehan, A E Gharavi, E N Harris, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Four patients with recurrent stroke and multi-infarct dementia are presented in whom the dementia was progressive and severe. Three of the patients developed the dementia during the course of an illness which was punctuated by repeated episodes of cerebral infarction demonstrated by computed tomographic (CT) scans. The fourth patient presented with an illness dominated by progressive and deteriorating higher mental functions, which culminated in a major stroke 18 months later. Three patients fulfilled the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus, the fourth had a 'lupus-like' disease. All had livedo reticularis, severe migraines, and also demonstrated antibodies to phospholipids. All four patients suffered deep vein thromboses.
The dark truth about vitamin D licensing: food or drug?
Authors: N. Hill, K. Meeran
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The false reassurance of a “protective” tablet of vitamin D suggested by Welsh and Sattar is made worse by the availability of licensed preparations.1 Doctors should prescribe vitamin D only when there is evidence of benefit. Until recently, the only preparations of vitamin D available included large amounts of calcium or were manufactured as nutritional supplements. Recently, the Medicines and Healthcare …
Relationship of the Functional Refractory Period to Conduction in the Atrioventricular Node
Authors: GREGORY R. FERRIER, PETER E. DRESEL
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

The functional refractory period of atrioventricular (AV) transmission has been accepted as a measure of AV nodal refractoriness and has been assumed to be determined solely by conduction of interpolated extrasystoles through the AV node when it is partially refractory. In the present study, we found an important effect of the conduction time of the regular beats by measuring AV nodal conduction times of atrial extrasystoles from the His bundle of isolated, blood-perfused dog hearts. We separated three independent components that determine AV nodal conductivity: (1) a "basal conduction time" measured with a "postmature" extrasystole at low heart rates (&lt;120 /min), (2) a rate-dependent increment in conduction time (previously called "fatigue") that affects both normal and premature cycles equally and (3) an exponential change in conduction time that depends entirely on the immediately preceding interval and, therefore, is not further affected by heart rate. The functional refractory period is one point defining this continuous exponential function. We showed that an important cause of the decrease in the functional refractory period that occurs when heart rate is increased is the change in the conduction time of the regular beats.
Peroneus longus stretch reflex amplitude increases after ankle brace application
Authors: M L Cordova, C D Ingersoll
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

The use of external ankle support is widespread throughout sports medicine. However, the application of ankle bracing to a healthy ankle over a long period has been scrutinised because of possible neuromuscular adaptations resulting in diminished dynamic support offered by the peroneus longus.To investigate the immediate and chronic effects of ankle brace application on the amplitude of peroneus longus stretch reflex.Twenty physically active college students (mean (SD) age 23.6 (1.7) years, height 168.7 (8.4) cm, and mass 69.9 (12.0) kg) who had been free from lower extremity pathology for the 12 months preceding the study served as subjects. None had been involved in a strength training or conditioning programme in the six months preceding the study. A 3 x 3 x 2 (test condition x treatment condition x time) design with repeated measures on the first and third factor was used. The peroneus longus stretch reflex (% of maximum amplitude) during sudden foot inversion was evaluated under three ankle brace conditions (control, lace up, and semi-rigid) before and after eight weeks of ankle brace use.A 3 x 3 x 2 repeated measures analysis of variance showed that peroneus longus stretch reflex amplitude increased immediately after application of a lace up brace (67.1 (4.4)) compared with the semi-rigid (57.9 (4.3)) and control (59.0 (5.2)) conditions (p<0.05). Peroneus longus stretch reflex also increased after eight weeks of use of the semi-rigid brace compared with the lace up and control conditions (p<0.05).Initial application of a lace up style ankle brace and chronic use of a semi-rigid brace facilitates the amplitude of the peroneus longus stretch reflex. It appears that initial and long term ankle brace use does not diminish the magnitude of this stretch reflex in the healthy ankle.
Ciliary neurotropic factor, interleukin 11, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M are growth factors for human myeloma cell lines using the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130.
Authors: X G Zhang, J J Gu, Z Y Lu, K Yasukawa, G D Yancopoulos, K Turner, M Shoyab, T Taga, T Kishimoto, R Bataille
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a major growth factor for tumor plasma cells involved in human multiple myeloma (MM). In particular, human myeloma cell lines (HMCL), whose growth is completely dependent on addition of exogenous IL-6, can be obtained reproducibly from every patient with terminal disease. Four cytokines, ciliary neurotropic factor (CNTF), IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and oncostatin M (OM), use the same transducer chain (signal transducer gp130) as IL-6 and share numerous biological activities with this IL. We found that these four cytokines stimulated proliferation and supported the long-term growth of two out of four IL-6-dependent HMCL obtained in our laboratory. Half-maximal proliferation was obtained with cytokine concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 ng/ml for IL-11, LIF, and OM. CNTF worked at high concentrations only (90 ng/ml), but addition of soluble CNTF receptor increased sensitivity to CNTF 30-fold. The growth-promoting effect of these four cytokines was abrogated by anti-gp130 antibodies, contrary to results for anti-IL-6 receptor or anti-IL-6 antibodies. No detectable changes in the morphology and phenotype were found when myeloma cells were cultured with one of these four cytokines instead of IL-6. Concordant with their IL-6-dependent growth, the four HMCL expressed membrane IL-6R and gp130 detected by FACS analysis. LIF-binding chain gene (LIFR) was expressed only in the two HMCL responsive to LIF and OM.
A CASE OF KERATODERMIA BLENNORRHAGICA.
Authors: E. arthur smith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1925)

Journal Article A CASE OF KERATODERMIA BLENNORRHAGICA. Get access E. arthur Smith E. arthur Smith Specialist in Venereal Diseases, Federated Malay States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 37, Issue 5, 1 May 1925, Page 234, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1925.tb09951.x Published: 01 May 1925
Antiinflammatory Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator–activated Receptor γ in Human Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Kazuhiro Asada, Shigekazu Sasaki, Takafumi Suda, Kingo Chida, Hirotoshi Nakamura
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPARgamma, which is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, plays a major regulatory role in glucose metabolism and adipogenesis. Interestingly, recent studies have demonstrated PPARgamma expression in monocytes/macrophages and its antiinflammatory activities. However, it is unclear whether alveolar macrophages (AMs) express functional PPARgamma. The present study was conducted to investigate the expression of PPARgamma by AMs and to elucidate its functional role. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, we demonstrated the strong expression of PPARs messenger RNA and protein in freshly isolated human AMs. Ligands of PPARgamma, 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)prostaglandin J2, and troglitazone significantly decreased LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by AMs. These ligands markedly upregulated the expression of CD36, a scavenger receptor that mediates the phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils. Indeed, ligand-treated AMs ingested a significantly higher number of apoptotic neutrophils than untreated AMs. These data indicate that PPARgamma expressed by AMs play an antiinflammatory role through inhibiting cytokine production and increasing their CD36 expression together with the enhanced phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, which is an essential process for the resolution of inflammation. This suggests the potential therapeutic application of PPARgamma ligands in inflammatory disorders of the lung.
ISOLATION OF ANTIGEN-BINDING CELLS FROM UNPRIMED MICE
Authors: Michael H. Julius, Leonard A. Herzenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Cells binding DNP groups conjugated to fluoresceinated mouse gamma globulin ((F)DNP-MGG) were isolated from spleens of unprimed mice using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). The isolated cells were specifically enriched at least 100-fold for anti-DNP precursor activity in an adoptive transfer assay as compared to unfractionated spleen. The fraction depleted of binding cells, although depleted of anti-DNP precursor activity, responded as well as unfractionated spleen when assayed for anticarrier (keyhole limpet hemocyanin [KLH]) precursor activity. High avidity binding cells were stained using low concentrations of (F)DNP-MGG. Medium and low avidity binding cells were stained using high concentrations of (F)DNP-MGG in the presence of free hapten which selectively blocked staining of the high avidity binding cells. Cells were supplemented with an excess of carrier-primed (KLH), nylon-purified splenic T cells and transferred to irradiated recipients. DNP-KLH was given at transfer and 5 days later. The anti-DNP plaque-forming cell (DNP-PFC) response and the avidities of the DNP-PFC in the irradiated recipients were measured by hapten inhibition of direct PFC plaque formation 12 days after transfer. At this time, very few indirect PFC were found. There was a positive correlation between the avidity of the DNP-binding cells and the avidity of the anti-DNP antibody secreted by their progeny. High avidity DNP-binding cells gave rise to predominantly high avidity anti-DNP-PFC. Medium and low avidity binding cells gave rise to medium and low avidity DNP-PFC.
The Sas3p and Gcn5p histone acetyltransferases are recruited to similar genes
Authors: Lorena E Rosaleny, Ana B Ruiz-García, José García-Martínez, José E Pérez-Ortín, Vicente Tordera
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Specific histone modifications can perform several cellular functions, for example, as signals to recruit trans-acting factors and as modulators of chromatin structure. Acetylation of Lys14 of histone H3 is the main target of many histone acetyltransferases in vitro and may play a central role in the stability of the nucleosome. This study is focused on the genome-wide binding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone acetyltransferases that are specific for Lys14 of histone H3. We have used a variation of the genome-wide location analysis method, based on a macroarray platform, to identify binding sites of yeast histone acetyltransferase catalytic subunits and to correlate their positions with acetylation of Lys14 of histone H3. Our results revealed that the histone acetyltransferases Sas3p and Gcn5p are recruited to a pool of intensely transcribed genes and that there is considerable overlap between the two cohorts of Sas3p and Gcn5p bound gene pools. We also demonstrate a positive correlation between binding sites of both proteins and the acetylation state of Lys14 of histone H3. Finally, a positive correlation between the decrease of H3 Lys14 acetylation in a GCN5 deleted strain and the Gcn5p genome occupancy is shown. Our data support a model in which both Gcn5p and Sas3p act as general activators of an overlapping pool of intensely transcribed genes. Since both proteins preferentially acetylate Lys14 of histone H3, our data support the hypothesis that acetylation of this specific residue facilitates the action of the transcriptional apparatus.
Leptin reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in patients with severe lipodystrophy
Authors: Kitt Falk Petersen, Elif Arioglu Oral, Sylvie Dufour, Douglas Befroy, Charlotte Ariyan, Chunli Yu, Gary W. Cline, Alex M. DePaoli, Simeon I. Taylor, Phillip Gorden, Gerald I. Shulman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Lipodystrophy is a rare disorder that is characterized by selective loss of subcutaneous and visceral fat and is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hepatomegaly, and disordered glucose metabolism. It has recently been shown that chronic leptin treatment ameliorates these abnormalities. Here we show that chronic leptin treatment improves insulin-stimulated hepatic and peripheral glucose metabolism in severely insulin-resistant lipodystrophic patients. This improvement in insulin action was associated with a marked reduction in hepatic and muscle triglyceride content. These data suggest that leptin may represent an important new therapy to reverse the severe hepatic and muscle insulin resistance and associated hepatic steatosis in patients with lipodystrophy.
Clinical analysis of gouty patients with normouricaemia at diagnosis
Authors: Y-B Park
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Gouty attacks usually occur in patients with hyperuricaemia, but patients with gout who have normouricaemia are believed to be in the minority.1,2 This is a common conception about gout because monosodium urate crystals are formed at blood concentrations of uric acid over 420 μmol/l at a body temperature of 37°C.3 Recently, two studies showed that the incidence of gouty attacks in normouricaemia was as high as 39–43%,4,5 which is much higher than our traditional view.1–3 However, few data on normouricaemia in gout have been reported so far.6–8 The prevalence of patients with gout who have normouricaemia at diagnosis has not yet been determined, and even their clinical characteristics and laboratory findings have not been reported.

We designed this study to determine the …
US guided true cut needle biopsy of the pleura
Authors: Rossen Petkov, Yordanka Yamakova, Emilia Petkova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Aim:  To examine the diagnostic value and the complication rate of the ultrasound guided true cut needle biopsy (US-TCNB) in patients with suspected pleural malignancies with /without presence of pleural effusion.   Material and methods:  In a prospective study (2006-2012) we observed 135 patients (83 males and 52 females) age x = 56.1 ± SD 12.5, with pleural lesions (PL) over 5 mm (x = 25 mm +/-SD 26 mm). After US visualization of the lesions we performed under local anesthesia US-TCNB (12-18G). The biopsy specimens were examined with light microscopy. Immunohistological analysis was carried out when needed. The final diagnosis of benign or malignant disease was established with histologic results of surgical interventions (VATS, thoracotomy) or follow-up findings.   Results:  US-TCNB of accessible for US visualization pleural lesions provides a biopsy specimen for correct histologic diagnosis in 129 or 95.6 % of patients. Sensitivity (Se) of US-TCNB in malignant pleural diseases (n = 85) is 93 %, specificity (Sp) of 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 89%. By patients with benign pleural lesions (n = 50) Se of the method is 98%, Sp 93%, PPV 89% and NPV 99%. We did not have complications.   Conclusion:  US–TCNB is an effective and safe method for histological verification of accessible for US visualization pleural lesions.
A common variant associated with prostate cancer in European and African populations
Authors: Laufey T Amundadottir, Patrick Sulem, Julius Gudmundsson, Agnar Helgason, Adam Baker, Bjarni A Agnarsson, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Kristrun R Benediktsdottir, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Jesus Sainz, Margret Jakobsdottir, Jelena Kostic, Droplaug N Magnusdottir, Shyamali Ghosh, Kari Agnarsson, Birgitta Birgisdottir, Louise Le Roux, Adalheidur Olafsdottir, Thorarinn Blondal, Margret Andresdottir, Olafia Svandis Gretarsdottir, Jon T Bergthorsson, Daniel Gudbjartsson, Arnaldur Gylfason, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Andrei Manolescu, Kristleifur Kristjansson, Gudmundur Geirsson, Helgi Isaksson, Julie Douglas, Jan-Erik Johansson, Katarina Bälter, Fredrik Wiklund, James E Montie, Xiaoying Yu, Brian K Suarez, Carole Ober, Kathleen A Cooney, Henrik Gronberg, William J Catalona, Gudmundur V Einarsson, Rosa B Barkardottir, Jeffrey R Gulcher, Augustine Kong, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Roflumilast Fully Prevents Emphysema in Mice Chronically Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Piero A. Martorana, Rolf Beume, Monica Lucattelli, Lutz Wollin, Giuseppe Lungarella
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

There is a need for new agents capable of suppressing the inflammatory response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.This study evaluated the effects of roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor on acute lung inflammation and chronic lung changes in models of cigarette exposure in mice.Roflumilast was given orally either at 1 mg/kg (R1) or at 5 mg/kg (R5). In the acute model (five cigarettes for 20 minutes), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) changes were investigated at 4 and 24 hours. In the chronic model (three cigarettes/day for 7 months), morphometric and biochemical parameters were assessed at 7 months.Acute exposure caused a fivefold increase in BALF neutrophils. Both doses of roflumilast partially prevented (by 30%) this increase. In addition, after smoke exposure, R1 increased BALF interleukin-10 by 79% and R5 by 129%. Chronic smoke exposure caused a 1.8-fold increase in lung macrophage density, emphysema, an increase of the mean linear intercept (+21%), a decrease of the internal surface area (-13%), and a drop (-13%) in lung desmosine content. R1 did not have any effect, whereas R5 prevented the increase in lung macrophage density by 70% and fully prevented the other changes. In addition, in the smoke-exposure group, 63% of the mice showed goblet cell metaplasia, and neither of the doses of roflumilast had any effect.This study shows for the first time that a PDE4 inhibitor partially ameliorates lung inflammation and fully prevents parenchymal destruction induced by cigarette smoke.
Dyspnoea: a prognostic marker for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: D. Aggarwal, P.R. Mohapatra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:

Nishiyama et al. 1 have nicely evaluated the role of dyspnoea in daily life as an independent prognostic marker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, a few patient- and disease-related confounding factors should be kept in mind while evaluating this distressing symptom.

IPF is characterised by episodes of rapid deterioration secondary to acute exacerbations or infections …
Stimulation of the collagen α1(I) endogenous gene and transgene in carbon tetrachloride–induced hepatic fibrosis
Authors: David A. Brenner, Linda Veloz, Rudolf Jaenisch, Joseph M. Alcorn
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Cirrhosis is characterized by a marked increase in the deposition of type I collagen and in the expression of the type I collagen genes alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I). Although alpha 1(I) gene regulation has been extensively studied in cultured cells, these results may not be applicable to hepatic fibrogenesis in vivo. Therefore the regulation of the alpha 1(I) endogenous gene and an alpha 1(I) transgene was studied in a transgenic mouse model that has a single copy of a human alpha 1(I) gene segment containing the structural gene and 1.6 Kb of 5' DNA and 20 Kb of 3' DNA. To initiate hepatic fibrogenesis, we treated mice with the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride, either in a single dose or in biweekly doses for a period of 3 to 8 wk. Subsequently, hepatic alpha 1(I) messenger RNA levels were determined by a species-specific RNase protection assay. Carbon tetrachloride injections coordinately increased the messenger RNA levels of the alpha 1(I) endogenous gene and the transgene, both immediately and after 8 wk. These experiments demonstrate that this alpha 1(I) transgene fragment contains information sufficient for appropriate basal and carbon tetrachloride-stimulated hepatic expression. They further demonstrate that sufficient homology exists between the human and mouse regulatory elements for the recognition of human cis-acting elements by mouse trans-acting factors. Thus transgenic mice provide a unique model in which to characterize the collagen alpha 1(I) regulatory elements that are required in vivo for pathophysiological responses.
Karl Sussman, MD
Authors: Boris Draznin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Karl Sussman, MD, a former President of the American Diabetes Association, passed away on 28 October 2005, while traveling through small colonial towns of Central Mexico.

Karl was born in Baltimore on 29 May 1929 to the family of a young cardiologist. Later, when elder Dr. Sussman joined the military, the family moved frequently, and Karl attended high schools in Maryland, Virginia, Florida, and Panama (the Canal Zone). Following his early interest in pre-Columbian art and culture, Karl spent two summers as an exchange student in Morelia, Mexico. In 1947 he enrolled into Johns Hopkins University, aiming at a future career as a Foreign Service …
HLA Class II Polymorphism in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: YOLANDE ARON, BARBARA S. POLLA, THIERRY BIENVENU, JOSETTE DALL'AVA, DANIEL DUSSER, DOMINIQUE HUBERT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Evolution of lung damage is highly variable in cystic fibrosis (CF) even in patients with the same cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations. The analysis of genetic factors other than CFTR may help our understanding of genotype–phenotype relationships in CF. As human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II polymorphism has been associated with a number of diseases including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, asthma, and allergy, we investigated the possibility that HLA polymorphism contributes to CF-associated pulmonary inflammation. Among the 98 adult CF patients tested, the genotypic frequencies of DR4 and DR7 alleles (serologic group DR53) and DR7/ DQA*0201 haplotype were higher than in 39 selected control subjects without atopy (p ⩽ 10− 6, relative risk [RR] = 22, and p ⩽ 5.10− 4, RR = 27, respectively) and in a random population. No significant difference of these allelic distributions was found according to the CFTR genotype. In the CF patients, the DR7 allele was significantly associated with an increase in total IgE and with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization (100% of DR7 versus 83% of non-DR7 patients being colonized, p < 0.05). Our results suggest that genetic factors known to modulate the immune response might contribute to chronic infection with Pseudomonas, increased total IgE, and pulmonary outcome in CF.