tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A 6-month prospective study of injury in Gaelic football
Authors: F Wilson, S Caffrey, E King, K Casey, C Gissane
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To describe the injury incidence in Gaelic football.A total of 83 players from three counties were interviewed monthly about their injury experience, during the 6 months of the playing season.The injury rate was 13.5/1000 h exposure to Gaelic football (95% CI, 10.9 to 16.6). There were nearly twice as many injuries during matches (64.4%, 95% CI, 54.1 to 73.6) as in training (35.6%, 95% CI, 26.4 to 49.5). The ankle was found to be the most commonly injured site (13.3%, 95% CI, 7.8 to 21.9). The musculotendinous unit accounted for nearly 1/3 of all injuries (31.1%). The tackle accounted for 27.8% of the injuries sustained (tackler 10%, 95% CI, 5.4 to 17.9; player being tackled 17.9%, 95% CI, 11.2 to 26.9). Of total match injuries, 56.9% (95% CI, 46.1 to 67.1) were experienced in the second half as opposed to 39.7% (95% CI, 29.8 to 50.5) in the first half.Gaelic footballers are under considerable risk of injury. Greater efforts must be made to reduce this risk so that players miss less time from sport due to injury. Risk factors for injury in Gaelic football must now be investigated so that specific interventions may be established to reduce them.
Angiotensin-II type 1 receptor polymorphism is associated with an increased vasoreactivity to angiotensin II in human arteries
Authors: P.P. van Gool, A.A. Voors, M. Oosterga, Y.M. Pinto, H. Buikema, J.H. Kingman, H.J.G.M. Crijns, W.H. van Gilst
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Relationship between cytochrome 3A activity, inflammatory status and the risk of docetaxel-induced febrile neutropenia: a prospective study
Authors: J. Alexandre, E. Rey, V. Girre, S. Grabar, A. Tran, V. Montheil, F. Rabillon, V. Dieras, V. Jullien, P. Hérait, G. Pons, J.-M. Treluyer, F. Goldwasser
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Nasal application of a gel formulation of N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamic acid (NAAGA) compared with placebo and disodium cromoglycate in the symptomatic treatment of pollinosis
Authors: M. A. Althaus, W. J. Pichler
Journal: Allergy (1994)

A gel formulation of the antiallergic compound N‐acetyl‐aspartyl glutamic acid (NAAGA) (Rhinaaxia® (R)) has been evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, three‐arm, parallel‐group comparison with placebo gel (P) and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in outpatients suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis (pollinosis). Nose and eye symptoms were assessed daily by the patients on visual analog scales (VAS), and medical examinations were held after 1 week and at the end of the 4‐week treatment. The use of rescue medications (H,‐antagonist (terfenadine) and soothing eye‐drops (Spersallerg®) was recorded as a main assessment indicator of efficacy. For the efficacy analysis, only the periods with relevant pollen concentrations (≥ 50 grains/m 3 ) were considered. The study extended over the two pollen seasons 1989 and 1990. Of 230 included patients, 190 were suitable for efficacy analysis (R = 63, P = 64, DSCG = 63). The VAS data did not reveal a difference between the treatment groups for nasal symptoms, whereas the use of terfenadine tablets was significantly lower in the Rhinaaxia group than in either the placebo ( P = 0.0001) or DSCG group ( P = 0.03). The eye symptoms were significantly less severe in the Rhinaaxia group than in both placebo ( P = 0.0001) and DSCG ( P &lt;0.01) groups. In addition, the use of rescue medication was significantly higher in the placebo than in the Rhinaaxia treatment group ( P = 0.0001). The incidence of local untoward effects (itching/burning sensation in the nose) was slightly higher in the Rhinaaxia group, while the overall tolerability assessment was similarly good in all three treatment groups. Rhinaaxia gel given three times daily was shown to achieve a satisfactory symptom relief in everyday treatment with a significantly lower need to resort to rescue medication than with placebo and to have a therapeutic effect like DSCG nasal spray given four times daily.
<i>KIT</i> and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Tyrosine Kinase Gene Mutations and <i>KIT</i> Amplifications in Human Solid Tumors
Authors: Harri Sihto, Maarit Sarlomo-Rikala, Olli Tynninen, Minna Tanner, Leif C. Andersson, Kaarle Franssila, Nina N. Nupponen, Heikki Joensuu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Mutated KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRalpha) tyrosine kinases are the principal targets for imatinib mesylate in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The frequency of activating KIT and PDGFRA gene mutations in most other histologic types of human cancer is not known.KIT exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 and PDGFRA exons 11 and 17 of 334 human cancers were screened for mutations using sensitive denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). In addition, all KIT exons from 9 to 21 of 115 tumors were screened. Thirty-two histologic tumor types were examined. Samples with abnormal findings in DHLPC were sequenced. Immunostaining for the KIT protein (CD117) was performed in 322 (96.4%) of the 334 cases.Of the 3,039 exons screened, only 17 had mutation. All 17 cases with either mutated KIT (n = 15) or PDGFRA (n = 2) were histologically GIST tumors, whereas none of the other histologic types of cancer (n = 316) harbored KIT or PDGFRA mutation. KIT immunostaining was rarely positive except in GISTs (18 of 18), small-cell lung cancer (10 of 30; 33%), and testicular teratocarcinoma (four of 17; 24%). Wild-type KIT gene amplification or chromosome 4 aneuploidy was common (seven of 12) in non-GIST tumors with strong KIT protein expression when studied with fluorescence in situ hybridization.Despite frequent KIT protein expression in some tumor types, KIT and PDGFRA gene mutations are uncommon in most human cancers. Cancer KIT expression is frequently associated with multiple copies of the wild-type KIT gene.
Tofacitinib versus etanercept or placebo in moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis: a phase 3 randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: Hervé Bachelez, Peter C M van de Kerkhof, Robert Strohal, Alexey Kubanov, Fernando Valenzuela, Joo-Heung Lee, Vladimir Yakusevich, Sergio Chimenti, Jocelyne Papacharalambous, James Proulx, Pankaj Gupta, Huaming Tan, Margaret Tawadrous, Hernan Valdez, Robert Wolk
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
The presence and sequence of endotracheal tube colonization in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation
Authors: C Feldman, M Kassel, J Cantrell, S Kaka, R Morar, A Goolam Mahomed, JI Philips
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Endotracheal tube colonization in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation was investigated. In the first part of this prospective study, the airway access tube was examined for the presence of secretions, airway obstruction and bacterial colonization, in cases undergoing extubation or tube change. In the second part of the study, the sequence of oropharyngeal, gastric, respiratory tract and endotracheal tube colonization was investigated by sequential swabbing at each site twice daily for 5 days in consecutive noninfected patients. In the first part, it was noted that all airway access tubes of cases undergoing extubation had secretions lining the interior of the distal third of the tube which were shown on scanning electron microscopy to be a biofilm. Gram-negative micro-organisms were isolated from these secretions in all but three cases. In the second part, it was noted that the sequence of colonization in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation was the oropharynx (36 h), the stomach (3660 h), the lower respiratory tract (60-84 h), and thereafter the endotracheal tube (60-96 h). Nosocomial pneumonia occurred in 13 patients and in eight cases identical organisms were noted in lower respiratory tract secretions and in secretions lining the interior of the endotracheal tube. The endotracheal tube of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation becomes colonized rapidly with micro-organisms commonly associated with nosocomial pneumonia, and which may represent a persistent source of organisms causing such infections.
Combination of bosentan with epoprostenol in pulmonary arterial hypertension: BREATHE-2
Authors: M. Humbert, R.J. Barst, I.M. Robbins, R.N. Channick, N. Galiè, A. Boonstra, L.J. Rubin, E.M. Horn, A. Manes, G. Simonneau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

The efficacy and safety of combining bosentan, an orally active dual endothelin receptor antagonist and epoprostenol, a continuously infused prostaglandin, in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was investigated. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study, 33 patients with PAH started epoprostenol treatment (2 ng·kg −1 min −1 starting dose, up to 14±2 ng·kg −1 min −1 at week 16) and were randomised for 16 weeks in a 2:1 ratio to bosentan (62.5 mg b.i.d for 4 weeks then 125 mg b.i.d ) or placebo. Haemodynamics, exercise capacity and functional class improved in both groups at week 16. In the combination treatment group, there was a trend for a greater (although nonsignificant) improvement in all measured haemodynamic parameters. There were four withdrawals in the bosentan/epoprostenol group (two deaths due to cardiopulmonary failure, one clinical worsening, and one adverse event) and one withdrawal in the placebo/epoprostenol group (adverse event). This study showed a trend but no statistical significance towards haemodynamics or clinical improvement due to the combination of bosentan and epoprostenol therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Several cases of early and late major complications were reported. Additional information is needed to evaluate the risk/benefit ratio of combined bosentan-epoprostenol therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Ventricular Fusion Beats
Authors: HENRY J. L. MARRIOTT, NEIL L. SCHWARTZ, HAROLD H. BIX
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Relatively precise criteria are proposed for the recognition of ventricular fusion beats. Apart from the obvious and widely accepted criteria involving contour, duration, and time of appearance, other less obvious characteristics have been adduced: (1) the P-S time of the fusion beat must always be considerably longer than the P-R interval of the component sinoatrial beat; (2) the P-R interval of the fusion beat is generally not more than 0.06 second shorter than the sinoatrial P-R; (3) the terminal vector of the fusion beat is always different from that of the sinoatrial beat, while the initial vector may or may not differ. Exceptions to these criteria are seen in the presence of bundle-branch block, during periods of inconstant atrioveutricular conduction times, and presumably in the presence of diffuse intraventricular conduction delays. The shortcomings of conventional diagrams for depicting the mechanisms of arrhythmias are noted, and a plea is made for the use of more accurate symbols in their construction. Fusion beats are not an indispensable criterion for the diagnosis of ventricular parasystole.
C-Reactive Protein Decreases Prostacyclin Release From Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Senthil Kumar Venugopal, Sridevi Devaraj, Ishwarlal Jialal
Journal: Circulation (2003)

In addition to being a risk marker for cardiovascular disease, much recent data suggest that C-reactive protein (CRP) promotes atherogenesis. Decreased endothelial NO and prostacyclin (PGI2) contribute to a proatherogenic and prothrombotic state. We have shown that CRP decreases endothelial NO synthase expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). PGI2 is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of CRP on PGI2 release from HAECs and human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs).HAECs and HCAECs were incubated with human CRP (0 to 50 microg/mL for 24 hours). The release of PGF-1alpha, a stable product of PGI2, was also assayed in the absence and presence of a potent agonist, A23187. CRP significantly decreased PGF-1alpha release from HAECs under basal (48% decrease, P<0.001; n=5) and stimulated (26% decrease, P<0.01; n=5) conditions. CRP had no effect on PGI2 synthase (PGIS) mass. By increasing both superoxide and inducible NO synthase, CRP resulted in increased nitration of PGIS by peroxynitrite. The increased nitration and decreased activity of PGIS by CRP was reversed with peroxynitrite scavengers.Thus, CRP decreases PGI2 release from HAECs by inactivating PGIS via nitration, additionally contributing to its atherogenicity.
Activation of GPR30 attenuates diastolic dysfunction and left ventricle remodelling in oophorectomized mRen2.Lewis rats
Authors: Hao Wang, Jewell A. Jessup, Marina S. Lin, Clarissa Chagas, Sarah H. Lindsey, Leanne Groban
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

AimsGPR30 is a novel oestrogen receptor expressed in various tissues, including the heart.We determined the role of GPR30 in the maintenance of left ventricular (LV) structure and diastolic function after the surgical loss of ovarian hormones in the female mRen2.Lewis rat, a model emulating the cardiac phenotype of the post-menopausal woman. Methods and resultsBilateral oophorectomy (OVX) or sham surgery was performed in study rats; the selective GPR30 agonist, G-1 (50 mg/kg/day), or vehicle was given subcutaneously to OVX rats from 13 -15 weeks of age.Similar to the cardiac phenotype of sham rats, G-1 preserved diastolic function and structure relative to vehicle-treated OVX littermates independent of changes in blood pressure.G-1 limited the OVX-induced increase in LV filling pressure, LV mass, wall thickness, interstitial collagen deposition, atrial natriuretic factor and brain natriuretic peptide mRNA levels, and cardiac NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression.In vitro studies showed that G-1 inhibited angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, evidenced by reductions in cell size, protein content per cell, and atrial natriuretic factor mRNA levels.The GPR30 antagonist, G15, inhibited the protective effects of both oestradiol and G-1 on this hypertrophy. ConclusionThese data show that the GPR30 agonist G-1 mitigates the adverse effects of oestrogen loss on LV remodelling and the development of diastolic dysfunction in the study rats.This expands our knowledge of the sex-specific mechanisms underlying diastolic dysfunction and provides a potential therapeutic target for reducing the progression of this cardiovascular disease process in post-menopausal women.
Dominant Negative ATM Mutations in Breast Cancer Families
Authors: G. Chenevix-Trench
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: The ATM gene encoding a putative protein kinase is mutated in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), an autosomal recessive disorder with a predisposition for cancer. Studies of A-T families suggest that female heterozygotes have an increased risk of breast cancer compared with noncarriers. However, neither linkage analyses nor mutation studies have provided supporting evidence for a role of ATM in breast cancer predisposition. Nevertheless, two recurrent ATM mutations, T7271G and IVS10–6T→G, reportedly increase the risk of breast cancer. We examined these two ATM mutations in a population-based, case–control series of breast cancer families and multiple-case breast cancer families. Methods: Five hundred twenty-five or 262 case patients with breast cancer and 381 or 68 control subjects, respectively, were genotyped for the T7271G and IVS10–6T→G ATM mutations, as were index patients from 76 non-BRCA1/2 multiple-case breast cancer families. Linkage and penetrance were analyzed. ATM protein expression and kinase activity were analyzed in lymphoblastoid cell lines from mutation carriers. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: In case and control subjects unselected for family history of breast cancer, one case patient had the T7271G mutation, and none had the IVS10–6T→G mutation. In three multiple-case families, one of these two mutations segregated with breast cancer. The estimated average penetrance of the mutations was 60% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 32% to 90%) to age 70 years, equivalent to a 15.7-fold (95% CI = 6.4-fold to 38.0-fold) increased relative risk compared with that of the general population. Expression and activity analyses of ATM in heterozygous cell lines indicated that both mutations are dominant negative. Conclusion: At least two ATM mutations are associated with a sufficiently high risk of breast cancer to be found in multiple-case breast cancer families. Full mutation analysis of the ATM gene in such families could help clarify the role of ATM in breast cancer susceptibility.
HIVgp120 activates autoreactive CD4-specific T cell responses by unveiling of hidden CD4 peptides during processing.
Authors: S Salemi, A P Caporossi, L Boffa, M G Longobardi, V Barnaba
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

T cells are made tolerant only to those self-peptides that are presented in sufficient amounts by antigen-presenting cells. They ignore cryptic self-determinants, such as either those not generated by processing machinery or generated in insufficient amounts. It is anticipated that mechanisms that either change antigen processing or increase the yield of previously "invisible" peptides may be capable of inducing T cell priming and, if they are self-maintained, may sustain autoimmune diseases. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time a mechanism by which the gp120 human immunodeficiency virus-I, by downregulating plasma membrane CD4 and increasing its processing, unveils hidden CD4 epitopes, inducing an autoimmune-specific T cell response.
Extended Analyses of the Association Between Serum Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Diabetes
Authors: Duk-Hee Lee, In-Kyu Lee, Michael Steffes, David R. Jacobs
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We recently reported on serum concentrations of six persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and prevalence of diabetes in a random U.S. sample (1). Most previous epidemiological studies were restricted from studying several POPs given cost and serum amounts needed. Focus on selected POPs may be appropriate in occupational or accidental high exposure, but, in the general population with only background POP exposure, there is a need to study the concentrations of many interrelated POPs.

Our initial approach to risk characterization was to calculate a summary to accumulate risk of exposure across six POPs (1). Even though the summary of six POPs was strongly associated with diabetes, individual POPs had substantial differences in strength of association (1). Thus, it is also of interest to estimate risk within subclasses of POPs that have similar physical and chemical properties. All POPs measured in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) can be divided into five subclasses: polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), nondioxin-like PCBs, and organochlorine (OC) pesticides. Such specificity about diabetogenicity of POP subclasses would be especially important from the viewpoints of both toxicology and regulation. Therefore, in this article we report on the diabetes associations of 19 POPs within five POP subclasses, each detected among at least 60% of study subjects, i.e., in a manner …
Interim evaluation of the effect of a new scrum law on neck and back injuries in rugby union
Authors: S Gianotti, P A Hume, W G Hopkins, J Harawira, R Truman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

In January 2007 the International Rugby Board implemented a new law for scrum engagement aimed at improving player welfare by reducing impact force and scrum collapses. In New Zealand the new law was included in RugbySmart, an annual compulsory workshop for coaches and referees.To determine the effect of the new law on scrum-related moderate to serious neck and back injury claims in 2007.Claims filed with the Accident Compensation Corporation (the provider of no-fault injury compensation and rehabilitation in New Zealand) were combined with numbers of registered players to estimate moderate to serious scrum-related claims for players who take part in scrums (forwards). Poisson linear regression was used to compare the observed claims per 100 000 forwards for 2007 with the rate predicted from data for 2002-6.The observed and predicted claims per 100 000 forwards were 52 and 76, respectively (rate ratio 0.69; 90% CI 0.42 to 1.12). The likelihoods of substantial benefit (rate ratio <0.90) and harm (rate ratio >1.1) attributable to the scrum law were 82% and 5%, respectively.The decline in scrum-related injury claims is consistent with a beneficial effect of the new scrum law in the first year of its implementation. Another year of monitoring should provide more evidence for the efficacy of the new law.
Preventing Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: A. Eugene Washington
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Effective strategies for preventing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are crucial to protect women from adverse reproductive consequences and to avoid substantial economic losses. To identify current PID prevention options and assess their efficacy, we conducted a literature search and examined relevant data in published reports. We organized our review by level of participation (ie, individuals, providers, and communities) and prevention (ie, primary, secondary, and tertiary). For individuals, several prevention strategies related to personal protection appear promising, but few have been appropriately evaluated. For providers of health care, five prevention measures are recommended, including such primary prevention activities as counseling and patient education in addition to the usual diagnosis and treatment. Specific evidence supporting the efficacy of these provider practices, however, is limited. For communities, maintaining comprehensive sexually transmitted disease control strategies to prevent lower genital tract chlamydial and gonococcal infection is most important in reducing both symptomatic and asymptomatic PID. We provide specific recommendations for preventing PID and outline research needs. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2574-2580)