tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cough, confusion and flaccid paralysis in a 46-year old man with left apical consolidation and ring-enhancing lesions on cerebral imaging
Authors: M G Jones, S De Mel, N J Cortes, R J Kurukulaaratchy, K M A O'Reilly
Journal: Thorax (2009)

A 46-year-old man was admitted with confusion and lower limb weakness that had developed over 2 weeks. A history of chronic productive cough was noted. Significantly, 4 years previously he had been investigated for cough and left apical lung consolidation. No evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found at the time and this was not investigated further. The only other relevant history was of heavy ethanol intake and self-neglect.

The patient was febrile (38.6°C), confused and unwell. He had evidence of finger clubbing, poor oral hygiene and signs of consolidation in the left lung. Early bilateral papilloedema and a flaccid paralysis in the lower limbs were noted. Admission investigations identified a raised white cell count of …
ON THE EXPULSION OF BILE BY THE GALL BLADDER; AND A RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SPHINCTER ACTIVITY
Authors: Philip D. McMaster, Robert Elman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

After feeding a dog, forceful contractions of the gall bladder occur that are sufficient in strength to expel part of the contents of the viscus against a considerable pressure resistance. The pressure within the gall bladder of a healthy, unanesthetized dog fasted 24 to 48 hours is usually about equal to a column of bile 100 mm. high. After a few swallows of food there is a rapid increase in the pressure to more than 200 mm. with a gradual fall in it again, and repeated similar rises and falls occur thereafter. The gall bladder contractions responsible for these alterations are accompanied by a lessening in the resistance to the passage of bile to the intestine, a resistance which is maintained by the muscles at the lower end of the common duct. There would appear to be a reciprocal response on the part of the two structures to the one stimulus. The maximum pressure developing within the temporarily obstructed biliary tract in an animal with the gall bladder excluded about equals that of a column of bile slightly more than 300 mm. in height. The taking of food acts as a stimulus on the rate of bile secretion, but does not alter the maximum secretion pressure. When the gall bladder is connected with the duct system, obstruction does not lead until after some hours to the development of a pressure of more than 100 to 150 mm. within the biliary tract,-that is to say the pressure does not rise above the normal. Its failure to rise further is referable to the activity of the gall bladder to store and concentrate the bile as secreted. The physiological and clinical significance of these findings is discussed.
The Tissue Matrix: Cell Dynamics and Hormone Action*
Authors: ROBERT H. GETZENBERG, KENNETH J. PIENTA, DONALD S. COFFEY
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1990)

THE SPECIFIC response of individual tissues to a single steroid receptor cannot be explained simply by DNA sequence alone. For example, in the same animal a given steroid receptor is capable of interacting with the nucleus of two different cell types, resulting in unique gene expressions despite the presence of a similar genome. Historically, these differences in response to a single type of steroid receptor within target tissues in the same animal have been suggested to occur through different alterations in chromatin structure. However, the molecular mechanisms of this tissue specificity remain unexplained. It is possible that in different cell types the specific three-dimensional organization of the genome and cell skeletal elements interplay may vary to accomplish the hormonal regulation of specific gene expression. It is the purpose of this review to address the potential role of cell structure as a central component of hormone action.
National BTS bronchiectasis audit 2012: is the quality standard being adhered to in adult secondary care?
Authors: Adam T Hill, Chris Routh, Sally Welham
Journal: Thorax (2013)

A significant step towards improving care of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis was the creation of the British Thoracic Society (BTS) national guidelines and the quality standard. A BTS bronchiectasis audit was conducted between 1 October and 30 November 2012, in adult patients with bronchiectasis attending secondary care, against the BTS quality standard. Ninety-eight institutions took part, submitting a total of 3147 patient records. The audit highlighted the variable adoption of the quality standard. It will allow the host institutions to benchmark against UK figures and drive quality improvement programmes to promote the quality standard and improve patient care.
Natural Polyclonality of Spontaneous AKR Leukemia and Its Consequences for So-Called Specific Immunotherapy2
Authors: L. Olsson, P. Ebbesen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Young female AKR mice made leukemic by iv inoculation of 103 spontaneous AKR thymoma cells were treated with repeated injections of irradiated cells from the same tumor. Treatment began 1 day after injection of the viable cells. The cytotoxicity of sera and lymphoid cells from healthy mice immunized with lymphoma cells from either treated or non treated mice with leukemia grafts revealed that the tumor cells could be subdivided into four distinct antigenic types. One type (clone A) accounted for about 97% of the lymphoma cells in each mouse with spontaneous leukemia, whereas the remaining 3% were subdivided into three other distinct antigenic types (clones B, C, and D). Lymphoma cells from treated mice with grafted leukemia were never clone A type but either clone B, C, or D type. Repeated sc injections of 107 irradiated cells from spontaneous AKR thymomas induced from 15 to 34% cure in mice with grafts of leukemia cells. Treatment with only clone A induced about 32% cure, whereas treatment with clone B, C, or D had no beneficial effect. Treatment with 107 cells each of clone A plus clone B gave 33% cure; clone A pius clone B plus clone C, 45%; and all four clones cured 92% of the mice with leukemia grafts. The efficiency of immunotherapy may be influenced by the natural clonality of the tumor to be treated.
HYPOHAPTOGLOBINAEMIA AS AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL INDICATOR FOR MALARIA
Authors: A. Rougemont, M. Bouvier, L. Perrin, S. Yerly, E. Brenner, I. Srivastava, O. Dumbo, G. Soula, B. Tamoura, A. Dolo, B. Kodio, P. Ranque
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Relationship between sensitivity to carbon dioxide and clinical features in patients with chronic airways obstruction
Authors: D. J. Lane, J. B. L. Howell
Journal: Thorax (1970)

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the different clinical features exhibited by patients with chronic airways obstruction and their responsiveness to carbon dioxide. In 19 patients pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry, lung volumes and arterial blood gases. Measurements of responsiveness to carbon dioxide were made and compared with responses obtained in five normal subjects. Assessed in terms of inspiratory mechanical work performed rather than ventilation achieved, it was shown that there was a highly significant positive correlation between work rate response and the level of dyspnoea, so that patients with poor response experienced little dyspnoea despite severe airways obstruction. Significant negative correlations were found between work rate response and the presence of oedema, polycythaemia and a raised resting arterial CO<sub>2</sub> tension, and a positive correlation was found with radiographic evidence of emphysema. A reduced work rate response to CO<sub>2</sub> was taken to signify diminished central sensitivity to carbon dioxide. The cause of the reduced sensitivity was not elucidated, but it was concluded that several of the clinical features associated with chronic airways obstruction were related to loss of CO<sub>2</sub> sensitivity.
Hemodynamic and Gas Exchange Effects of Sildenafil in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Isabel Blanco, Elena Gimeno, Phillip A Munoz, Sandra Pizarro, Concepción Gistau, Robert Rodriguez-Roisin, Josep Roca, Joan Albert Barberà
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, could be useful for treating pulmonary hypertension (PH) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, vasodilators may inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and impair gas exchange in this condition.Objectives: To assess the acute hemodynamic and gas exchange effects of sildenafil in patients with COPD-associated PH.Methods: We conducted a randomized, dose comparison trial in 20 patients with COPD-associated PH. Eleven patients were assigned to 20 mg, and 9 patients to 40 mg, of sildenafil. Pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange, including ventilation–perfusion () relationships, were assessed at rest and during constant-work rate exercise, before and 1 hour after sildenafil administration.Measurements and Main Results: Both sildenafil doses reduced the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) at rest and during exercise, without differences between them. Overall, PAP decreased −6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [95% CI], −7 to −4) at rest and −11 mm Hg (95% CI, −14 to −8) during exercise. After sildenafil, PaO2 decreased −6 mm Hg (95% CI, −8 to –4) at rest because of increased perfusion in units with low ratio, without differences between doses. No change in PaO2 (95% CI, −3 to 0.2 mm Hg) or relationships occurred during exercise after sildenafil. Changes induced by sildenafil in PaO2 and distributions at rest correlated with their respective values at baseline.Conclusions: In patients with COPD-associated PH, sildenafil improves pulmonary hemodynamics at rest and during exercise. This effect is accompanied by the inhibition of hypoxic vasoconstriction, which impairs arterial oxygenation at rest. The use of sildenafil in COPD should be done cautiously and under close monitoring of blood gases.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00491803).
Chromosome 5q Loss in Colorectal Flat Adenomas
Authors: Quirinus J.M. Voorham, Beatriz Carvalho, Angela J. Spiertz, Nicole C.T. van Grieken, Sandra Mongera, Eveline J.A. Rondagh, Mark A. van de Wiel, Ekaterina S. Jordanova, Bauke Ylstra, Martin Kliment, Heike Grabsch, Bjorn J. Rembacken, Tomio Arai, Adriaan P. de Bruïne, Silvia Sanduleanu, Philip Quirke, Chris J.J. Mulder, Manon van Engeland, Gerrit A. Meijer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Flat adenomas are a subgroup of colorectal adenomas that have been associated with a more aggressive clinical behavior compared with their polypoid counterparts. Here, we aimed to compare one of the molecular changes most explicitly associated with adenoma to carcinoma progression, that is, chromosomal instability, between flat and polypoid colorectal adenomas. Experimental Design: Consecutive series of 83 flat and 35 polypoid adenomas were analyzed for DNA copy number changes using a high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization platform, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, and for mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Immunohistochemical stainings for CD3, CD8, and FoxP3 expression were carried out. Results: Patterns of DNA copy number changes differed between the two phenotypes, with significantly more frequent loss of 5q14.3 and 5q15-q31.1 in flat adenomas, whereas losses of 1p36.32-p35.3, 10q25.3, 17p12, and chromosome 18 were more frequent in polypoid adenomas (false discovery rate &amp;lt; 0.2). MSI was observed in one flat adenoma. As the 5q15-q31.1 region harbors the APC locus, APC mutation status was investigated, showing significantly less mutations in flat adenomas (P = 0.04). An initial exploration of a possible association of 5q loss with inflammation indicated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were more abundant in the stroma of flat adenomas compared with that of polypoid adenomas. Conclusion: Flat and polypoid adenomas have partially distinct chromosomal profiles, consistent with differences in the biology underlying these phenotypes. Alterations more specific to flat adenomas, in particular 5q loss, may be associated with inflammation. Clin Cancer Res; 18(17); 4560–9. ©2012 AACR.
Flat and depressed colorectal tumours in a southern Swedish population: a prospective chromoendoscopic and histopathological study
Authors: S Tsuda
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background:</b> Flat and depressed colorectal tumours are common in Japan but are very rare or non-existent in Western countries. <b>Aims:</b> To study the occurrence of flat colorectal tumours in a southern Swedish population. <b>Methods:</b> In this prospective study, 371 consecutive European patients were examined by high resolution video colonoscopy combined with chromoendoscopy. The nature of the lesions was determined by histopathological examination. <b>Results:</b> A total of 973 tumours were found; 907 (93.2%) were protruding and 66 (6.8%) were flat or depressed. Of the flat/depressed tumours, five (7.7%) were early adenocarcinomas infiltrating the submucosa. Eleven carcinomas (1.2%) were found among protruding tumours. High grade dysplasia was observed in 18% (n=11) of flat/depressed adenomas in contrast with 7.3% (n=65) of protruding adenomas, and occurred in smaller flat/depressed tumours compared with protruding ones (mean diameter 8 mm <i>v</i> 23 mm, respectively). Furthermore, high grade dysplasia was significantly more common in flat elevated tumours with central depression or in depressed adenomas (35.7%; 5/14) than in flat elevated adenomas (12.8%; 6/47). <b>Conclusion:</b> Flat and depressed tumours exist in a Western population. Future studies should address whether or not chromoendoscopy with video colonoscopy is necessary in the search for flat colorectal neoplasms.
Ornithine Decarboxylase in Cardiac Hypertrophy in the Rat
Authors: S. MATSUSHITA, R. K. SOGANI, M. S. RABEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Ornithine decarboxylase, a possible rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of polyamines, was assayed in hearts of normal rats, sham-operated rats, and rats subjected to aortic constriction. In the hearts of rats with constricted aortas, significantly increased enzyme activity compared with that in the hearts of sham-operated rats was observed 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours and 3, 5, and 10 days after operation, and two peaks in activity occurred--one at 4 hours and the other at 5-10 days. Increased ornithine decarboxylase activity was one of the earliest changes associated with cardiac hypertrophy. The changes in enzyme activity correlated well with the subsequent hypertrophy in the hearts of rats with aortic constriction and with the regression in the hearts of sham-operated rats, suggesting a role for polyamines in the regulation of cardiac growth. The early increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in hearts of rats with aortic constriction was inhibited by actinomycin D, 8-azaguanine, and cycloheximide, indicating that RNA and protein synthesis are involved in the process. Actinomycin D given 30 minutes after operation or even at the time of aortic constriction failed to inhibit the increase in the enzyme activity, suggesting that the transcription required for the increase occurs early after operation. Cycloheximide given 1 hour before the rats were killed markedly decreased the enzyme activity, and the estimated half-life of cardiac ornithine decarboxylase was comparable to that of the reported short-lived liver ornithine decarboxylase. The study suggests that the synthesis of ornithine decarboxylase is influenced at the stage of transcription by mechanical stress on the myocardium and that polyamines might have a regulatory role in cardiac hypertrophy and regression.
Injection of Perchloride of Iron in Post Partum Haemorrhage Resulting in Recovery
Authors: H. E. Trestrail
Journal: BMJ (1875)

wvas here, unless, indeed, it aided in causing his inaptitude for exertion.Finally, there was no aphasia.Speech was low and mumbling, he was disinclined to converse, his replies were usually nearly mono yllabic; but, when urged, he could, and often would, speak more fully to the point, and used his limited vocabulary without hesitation or mis- take.The use of language was partly restricted by his mental condition; the impairment of articulation was merely of a paretic nature, and the essential characters of aphasia proper were absent.
In This Issue
Authors: Ellen Leibenluft, Brendan A Rich, Deborah T Vinton, Eric E Nelson, Stephen J Fromm, Lisa H Berghorst, Paramjit Joshi, Adelaide Robb, Russell J Schachar, Daniel P Dickstein, Erin B McClure, Daniel S Pine
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Deficits in motor inhibition may contribute to impulsivity and irritability in children with bipolar disorder. Studies of the neural circuitry engaged during failed motor inhibition in pediatric bipolar disorder may increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of the illness. The authors tested the hypothesis that children with bipolar disorder and comparison subjects would differ in ventral prefrontal cortex, striatal, and anterior cingulate activation during unsuccessful motor inhibition. They also compared activation in medicated versus unmedicated children with bipolar disorder and in children with bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus those with bipolar disorder without ADHD.The authors conducted an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study comparing neural activation in children with bipolar disorder and healthy comparison subjects while they performed a motor inhibition task. The study group included 26 children with bipolar disorder (13 unmedicated and 15 with ADHD) and 17 comparison subjects matched by age, gender, and IQ.On failed inhibitory trials, comparison subjects showed greater bilateral striatal and right ventral prefrontal cortex activation than did patients. These deficits were present in unmedicated patients, but the role of ADHD in mediating them was unclear.In relation to comparison subjects, children with bipolar disorder may have deficits in their ability to engage striatal structures and the right ventral prefrontal cortex during unsuccessful inhibition. Further research should ascertain the contribution of ADHD to these deficits and the role that such deficits may play in the emotional and behavioral dysregulation characteristic of bipolar disorder.
Cardiometabolic Aspects of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Harpal S. Randeva, Bee K. Tan, Martin O. Weickert, Konstantinos Lois, John E. Nestler, Naveed Sattar, Hendrik Lehnert
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2012)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder amongst women of reproductive age and is associated with various metabolic perturbations, in addition to chronic anovulation and factors related to androgen excess. In general, women live longer than men and develop cardiovascular disease at an older age. However, women with PCOS, as compared with age- and body mass index-matched women without the syndrome, appear to have a higher risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and an increased prothrombotic state, possibly resulting in a higher rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, subclinical atherosclerosis, vascular dysfunction, and finally cardiovascular disease and mortality. Further alterations in PCOS include an increased prevalence of sleep apnea, as well as various changes in the secretion and/or function of adipokines, adipose tissue-derived proinflammatory factors and gut hormones, all of them with direct or indirect influences on the complex signaling network that regulates metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and energy homeostasis. Reviews on the cardiometabolic aspects of PCOS are rare, and our knowledge from recent studies is expanding rapidly. Therefore, it is the aim of the present review to discuss and to summarize the current knowledge, focusing on the alterations of cardiometabolic factors in women with PCOS. Further insight into this network of factors may facilitate finding therapeutic targets that should ameliorate not only ovarian dysfunction but also the various cardiometabolic alterations related to the syndrome.
Acidic and neutral sialidase in the erythrocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes: an answer to comments by Richard et al
Authors: Bruno Venerando, Amelia Fiorilli, Gianluigi Croci, Cristina Tringali, Giancarlo Goi, Laura Mazzanti, Giovanna Curatola, Giovanni Segalini, Luca Massaccesi, Adriana Lombardo, Guido Tettamanti
Journal: Blood (2003)
Digoxin Does Not Accelerate Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Thomas W Gardner, Ronald Klein, Scot E Moss, Frederick L Ferris, Nancy A Remaley
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that digoxin, an inhibitor of Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity, accelerates the progression of diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared the incidence and risk of retinopathy in 120 digoxin-taking vs. 867 non-digoxin-taking diabetic participants in the Wisconsin Epidemiologie Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR) and in 117 digoxin-taking vs. 1,883 non-digoxin-taking diabetic subjects in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). In both studies, retinopathy was detected by grading stereoscopic color photographs using the modified Airlie House classification scheme, and a two-step difference in baseline retinopathy grade was considered significant. RESULTS After controlling for other risk factors, we found no statistically significant association with either 4-year incidence of retinopathy (WESDR) or progression of retinopathy (WESDR and ETDRS) in patients taking digoxin at baseline compared with those not taking digoxin. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that digoxin therapy does not adversely affect the course of diabetic retinopathy.