tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum from Hemodialysis Patients Inhibits Basal and Cytokine-Stimulated Tissue Factor Expression in Vitro
Authors: PAOLA MADERNA, PATRICK COLEMAN, CATHERINE GODSON, YVONNE M. O'MEARA, HUGH R. BRADY
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. Hemorrhagic complications are common among hemodialysis (HD) patients. The mechanisms by which HD perturbs the coagulation cascade are still being defined. This study evaluated the influence of HD serum on cellular expression of tissue factor (TF), a procoagulant membrane-associated protein that is a pivotal regulator of blood coagulation. Serum was collected immediately before dialysis and 15, 30, and 180 min into HD using polysulfone membranes. Serum was then assessed for its ability to influence basal and cytokine-stimulated TF activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and ECV304 cells. Predialysis serum did not influence basal levels of TF activity. HD was associated with the appearance of a serum factor that suppressed basal TF activity (TF units/μg protein: predialysis serum 8.2 ± 0.9; 180-min dialysis serum 4.9 ± 0.6; P < 0.05) and TF activity induced by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) (TF units/μg protein: TNFα alone 15.9 ± 0.7; TNFα + 180-min dialysis serum 5.9 ± 0.9; P < 0.01). This response was not mimicked by heparin, suggesting production of an endogenous inhibitor of TF activity during HD. Dialysis was associated with a striking increase in circulating levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), a physiologic inhibitor of the TF/VIIa complex. The lack of temporal correlation between TFPI levels and suppression of TF activity, however, suggested the presence of additional TFPI independent pathway(s) for modulation of TF activity. Dialysis-related suppression of TF expression may contribute to hemorrhagic complications in HD patients.
Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) in Ohio: Using Algorithms to Standardize Follow-up Limits the Number of False Positive Results
Authors: Rebecca Scherzer, Kimberly A. Risma, Peter Mustillo, Ram Chandrasekar, Sharon Linard, Sherman Alter, Jack J.H. Bleesing, Alexandra H. Filipovich, Leigh A. Kerns, Rebecca A. Marsh, Velma Paschall, Nancy Wasserbauer, Rosemary Hage
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Strategies to Prevent Suicide
Authors: Kerry L. Knox, Eric D. Caine
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Moderately severe chronic airflow obstruction. Can corticosteroids slow down obstruction?
Authors: DS Postma, I Peters, EJ Steenhuis, HJ Sluiter
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

In a former study in patients with severe chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) ranging from 350-910 ml), we concluded that daily oral corticosteroids might slow down the progression of disease. The results of the present long-term (14-20 yr) study on 139 non-allergic patients with less severe CAO (FEV1 greater than or equal to 1200 ml, FEV1 as a percentage of vital capacity (FEV1%VC) 40-55%) confirm and extend our former observations. Four patterns of the course of FEV1 and inspiratory vital capacity (VC) in time were recognized: 1) linear decrease; 2) no change; 3) initial increase, followed by decrease; 4) initial decrease, followed by increase. Groups 1 and 3 had a higher functional residual capacity as a percentage of total lung capacity (FRC%TLC) as compared to group 2 and 4; the work of breathing was lower in group 2 than in the other three groups. Otherwise the initial 82 parameters, including the degree of reversibility of airflow obstruction and smoking habits were comparable in the four groups. The four patterns of FEV1 showed a strong association with the long-term use of prednisolone. When oral prednisolone was instituted or increased to a dose of at least 10 mg/day continuously, FEV1 either remained constant, decreased more slowly or even increased over many years of follow-up. When the oral dose was diminished to below 10 mg/day, FEV1 decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Asian and Pacific Islander U.S. Youth
Authors: Lenna L. Liu, Joyce P. Yi, Jennifer Beyer, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Lawrence M. Dolan, Dana M. Dabelea, Jean M. Lawrence, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, Santica M. Marcovina, Beth E. Waitzfelder, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Given limited reports on diabetes among U.S. Asian and Pacific Islander youth, we describe the clinical characteristics, incidence, and prevalence of diabetes among Asian, Pacific Islander, and mixed Asian-Pacific Islander youth.Data were collected from 245 Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islander participants in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, a population-based study of diabetes in youth (aged <20 years). Additionally, we estimated the incidence and prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes for Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islander youth combined.Most participants with type 2 diabetes were obese (range Asian 71% to Pacific Islander 100%) with mean BMI >33 kg/m(2). In those with type 1 diabetes, Pacific Islanders were more likely to be obese, with a mean BMI of 26 vs. 20 kg/m(2) for Asian and Asian-Pacific Islander youth (P < 0.0001). The incidence of type 1 diabetes for youth aged 0-9 years was 6.4 per 100,000 person-years and 7.4 per 100,000 person-years for youth aged 10-19 years. The incidence of type 2 diabetes was 12.1 per 100,000 person-years for youth aged 10-19 years.While Asian and Asian-Pacific Islanders with type 1 and type 2 diabetes had lower mean BMIs than Pacific Islanders, all Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islanders with type 2 diabetes had mean BMIs above adult ethnicity-specific definitions of obesity. While the majority of Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islander youth had type 1 diabetes, older Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islander youth (aged 10-19 years) have an incidence of type 2 diabetes almost double that of type 1 diabetes. Public health efforts to prevent type 2 diabetes and obesity in Asian, Pacific Islander, and Asian-Pacific Islander adolescents are needed.
Exposure of U.S. workers to environmental tobacco smoke.
Authors: S K Hammond
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The concentrations of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to which workers are exposed have been measured, using nicotine or other tracers, in diverse workplaces. Policies restricting workplace smoking to a few designated areas have been shown to reduce concentrations of ETS, although the effectiveness of such policies varies among work sites. Policies that ban smoking in the workplace are the most effective and generally lower all nicotine concentrations to less than 1 microg/m3; by contrast, mean concentrations measured in workplaces that allow smoking generally range from 2 to 6 microg/m3 in offices, from 3 to 8 microg/m3 in restaurants, and from 1 to 6 microg/m3 in the workplaces of blue-collar workers. Mean nicotine concentrations from 1 to 3 microg/m3 have been measured in the homes of smokers. Furthermore, workplace concentrations are highly variable, and some concentrations are more than 10 times higher than the average home levels, which have been established to cause lung cancer, heart disease, and other adverse health effects. For the approximately 30% of workers exposed to ETS in the workplace but not in the home, workplace exposure is the principal source of ETS. Among those with home exposures, exposures at work may exceed those resulting from home. We conclude that a significant number of U.S. workers are exposed to hazardous levels of ETS.
Colchicine allows prolonged survival of highly reactive renal allograft in the rat.
Authors: D Ostermann, N Perico, O Imberti, C Barbui, M Bontempelli, G Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Colchicine, with its immunosuppressive properties, has been used with beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases. Whether colchicine, by virtue of the above properties, could attenuate the process of kidney allograft rejection in the rat is investigated in this report. Untreated Lewis rats (N = 6) given an incompatible kidney allograft from Brown-Norway rats rejected the graft within 12 days. Colchicine at a daily ip dose of 40 (N = 6) or 10 (N = 4) micrograms/kg promoted long-term survival (> 170 days) of major histocompatibility complex-incompatible kidney grafts. Animals (N = 4) given 4 micrograms of colchicine per kilogram had a graft failure within 10 days. Experiments have also been performed to evaluate the effect of colchicine withdrawal at different time intervals from transplantation on subsequent allograft survival. Colchicine (40 micrograms/kg per day ip) was given for 12, 6, or 1 mo or for 15 days to an additional four groups of six animals each without any other immunosuppressants. The withdrawal of colchicine did confer long-term inhibition of the immune system in animals treated for at least 1 mo, as documented by a graft survival of more than 80 days. By contrast, those animals who discontinued colchicine after only 15 days of treatment had graft rejection within the next 8 days. Mixed lymphocyte culture experiments showed a significant (P < 0.01) reduction of the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes taken from all groups of animals 30 days after colchicine withdrawal when challenged with Brown-Norway lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pulmonary cytomegalovirus infections following renal transplantation
Authors: Ventsislava Pencheva, Daniela Petrova, Ognian Georgiev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are the most important causes of mortality among kidney transplant patients. The pulmonary localisation is one of the most common manifestations of these infections.  The aim of the study is to determine the risk factors for CMV pneumonia and its clinical outcome in patients after renal transplantation.  Thirty kidney recipients with clinical, laboratory and radiological data for infiltrative pulmonary inflammation are included in the recent prospective study. After etiological diagnosis the active CMV infection is established in 10 cases (33.3%). There was no significant correlation between CMV pneumonia and the period of dialysis before transplantation, and/or time of development of pneumonia after surgical procedure. The infection did not depend on the kind of immunosuppressive therapy and the severity of hypoxemia in the time of hospitalization (p>0.05). On the fifth day there were statistical differences in the blood oxygen level between the group with pulmonary CMV-infection and the group with infection due to the other microbiological agents (p = 0.028). CMV-pneumonia is with longer hospital stay than other etiology (8.75 days vs. 12.20 days, p = 0.049). Pulmonary CMV infection increased the risk of developing of acute respiratory distress syndrome (p=0.002) and fatal outcome.  Early diagnosis and active treatment of pulmonary infections caused by Cytomegalovirus reduce the incidence of complications and mortality in the group of patients after kidney transplantation.
Diagnosis and initial management of acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: S. Swain, C. Turner, P. Tyrrell, A. Rudd
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In England, stroke is estimated to cost the economy about £7bn (€8.8bn; $13.9bn) a year. This total comprises direct costs to the National Health Service of about £2.8bn, cost of informal care of £2.4bn, and cost because of lost productivity and disability of £1.8bn.1 In the United Kingdom, the national sentinel stroke audits2 3 have shown that over the past 10 years increasing numbers of patients are being treated in stroke units, evidence based practice is increasing, and reductions in mortality and length of hospital stay have decreased. One of the main aims of the guidance issued by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) is to ensure that the specialist treatment and expertise recommended are available to all patients in England and Wales. This article summarises key recommendations in the NICE guideline for the diagnosis and initial management of acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack.4 

NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the guideline development group’s opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets.

### Rapid symptom recognition and diagnosis

#### Outside hospital

For people with sudden onset of neurological symptoms, use a validated tool such as the face, arm, speech test (FAST)5 to screen for a diagnosis of stroke or transient ischaemic attack.[ Based on moderate quality cohort studies and on the opinion of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) ]

#### In hospital

For people who are admitted to an accident and emergency department with a suspected stroke or transient ischaemic attack, establish the diagnosis rapidly using a validated tool such as ROSIER (Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room).6 [ Based on moderate quality cohort studies and on the GDG’s opinion ]

### Brain imaging for suspected transient ischaemic attack

For people who have had a suspected …
Epidemiology and Etiology of Cardiomyopathy in Africa
Authors: Karen Sliwa, Albertino Damasceno, Bongani M. Mayosi
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Cardiomyopathy, an often irreversible form of heart muscle disease that is associated with a dismal outcome, is endemic in Africa. The primary objective of this review was to summarize the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology and etiology of cardiomyopathy in people living in Africa and to identify new avenues for research.We searched MEDLINE (January 1, 1966, through February 12, 2005) and reference lists of articles for relevant references. Unlike other parts of the world in which cardiomyopathy is rare, dilated cardiomyopathy is a major cause of heart failure throughout Africa. Similarly, peripartum cardiomyopathy is ubiquitous on the continent, with an incidence ranging from 1 in 100 to 1 in 1000 deliveries. There is an apparent marked regional variation in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy and peripartum cardiomyopathy, underlining the heterogeneity of causative factors in these conditions. By contrast, endomyocardial fibrosis is restricted to the tropical regions of East, Central, and West Africa. Although the pathogenesis of endomyocardial fibrosis is not fully understood, it seems that the conditioning factors are geography and diet, the triggering factor may be an as yet unidentified infective agent, and the perpetuating factor is eosinophilia. Although epidemiological studies are lacking, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy seem to have characteristics similar to those of other populations elsewhere in the world.There is a need for large-scale epidemiological studies of the incidence, prevalence, determinants, and outcome of cardiomyopathy in Africa to inform strategies for the treatment and prevention of heart muscle disease on the continent.
Lung mechanics and their relationship to lung volumes in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: I Bradvik, P Wollmer, B Simonsson, U Albrechtsson, K Lyttkens, B Jonson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

Pulmonary sarcoidosis was studied with respect to lung mechanical properties and to the influence of these on lung volumes. Sixty-six patients, with histological support for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, and radiological signs of pulmonary involvement, i.e., stage II or III, were studied. The static pressure/volume (P/V) curves showed that the static elastic recoil pressure (PelL) tended to be increased at a given percentage of predicted total lung capacity (TLC). Reduction of static lung compliance (CstL) was a typical finding. At maximal inspiration PelL was abnormally low in 20 subjects, including in the main those with recent onset of the disease and older patients. The possibility of a greater inflammatory activity at the site of mechanical receptors in the lungs and airways of these patients is proposed. Pulmonary resistance, measured at a given PelL, was usually increased signifying bronchial involvement. TLC, residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) were lower in current smokers and ex-smokers than in lifelong nonsmokers. This may be due to synergistic effects of the inflammatory processes caused by smoking and sarcoidosis. A reduced vital capacity (VC) mainly reflected a low CstL but also obstruction with increased RV. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) reflected lung stiffness and obstruction equally. Lung mechanics revealed functional abnormalities which were not obvious from the standard tests, particularly in patients with respiratory symptoms.
Tracheobronchial malacia and stenosis in children in intensive care: bronchograms help to predict oucome
Authors: R. J Burden, F. Shann, W. Butt, M. Ditchfield
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Severe tracheobronchial malacia and stenosis are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children in intensive care, but little is known about how best to diagnose these conditions or determine their prognosis.The records of all 62 children in whom one or both of these conditions had been diagnosed by contrast cinetracheobronchography in our intensive care unit in the period 1986-95 were studied.Seventy four per cent of the 62 children had congenital heart disease; none was a preterm baby with airways disease associated with prolonged ventilation. Fifteen of the children had airway stenosis without malacia; three died because of the stenosis and two died from other causes. Twenty eight of the 47 children with malacia died; only eight children survived without developmental or respiratory handicap. All children needing ventilation for malacia for longer than 14 consecutive days died if their bronchogram showed moderate or severe malacia of either main bronchus (15 cases), or malacia of any severity of both bronchi (three additional cases); all children needing ventilation for malacia for longer than 21 consecutive days died if their bronchogram showed malacia of any severity of the trachea or a main bronchus (three additional cases). These findings were strongly associated with a fatal outcome (p<0.00005); they were present in 21 children (all of whom died) and absent in 26 (of whom seven died, six from non-respiratory causes). They had a positive predictive value for death of 100%, but the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval was 83.9% so up to 16% of patients meeting the criteria might survive.In this series the findings on contrast cinetracheobronchography combined with the duration of ventilation provided a useful guide to the prognosis of children with tracheobronchomalacia. The information provided by bronchoscopy was less useful.
Dominant-Negative <i>ALK2</i> Allele Associates With Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Kelly A. Smith, Irene C. Joziasse, Sonja Chocron, Maarten van Dinther, Victor Guryev, Manon C. Verhoeven, Holger Rehmann, Jasper J. van der Smagt, Pieter A. Doevendans, Edwin Cuppen, Barbara J. Mulder, Peter ten Dijke, Jeroen Bakkers
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Serious congenital heart defects occur as a result of improper atrioventricular septum (AVS) development during embryogenesis. Despite extensive knowledge of the genetic control of AVS development, few genetic lesions have been identified that are responsible for AVS-associated congenital heart defects. Methods and Results— We sequenced 32 genes known to be important in AVS development in patients with AVS defects and identified 11 novel coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are predicted to impair protein function. We focused on variants identified in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor, ALK2 , and subjected 2 identified variants to functional analysis. The coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms R307L and L343P are heterozygous missense substitutions and were each identified in single individuals. The L343P allele had impaired functional activity as measured by in vitro kinase and bone morphogenetic protein-specific transcriptional response assays and dominant-interfering activity in vivo. In vivo analysis of zebrafish embryos injected with ALK2 L343P RNA revealed improper atrioventricular canal formation. Conclusion— These data identify the dominant-negative allele ALK2 L343P in a patient with AVS defects.
ProBDNF and its receptors are upregulated in glioma and inhibit the growth of glioma cells in vitro
Authors: J. Xiong, L. Zhou, M. Yang, Y. Lim, Y.-h. Zhu, D.-l. Fu, Z.-w. Li, J.-h. Zhong, Z.-c. Xiao, X.-F. Zhou
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

High-grade glioma is incurable, with a short survival time and poor prognosis. The increased expression of p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR) is a characteristic of high-grade glioma, but the potential significance of increased p75NTR in this tumor is not fully understood. Since p75NTR is the receptor for the precursor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF), it is suggested that proBDNF may have an impact on glioma. In this study we investigated the expression of proBDNF and its receptors p75NTR and sortilin in 52 cases of human glioma and 13 cases of controls by immunochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blot methods. Using C6 glioma cells as a model, we investigated the roles of proBDNF on C6 glioma cell differentiation, growth, apoptosis, and migration in vitro. We found that the expression levels of proBDNF, p75NTR, and sortilin were significantly increased in high-grade glioma and were positively correlated with the malignancy of the tumor. We also observed that tumors expressed proBDNF, p75NTR, and sortilin in the same cells with different subcellular distributions, suggesting an autocrine or paracrine loop. The ratio of proBDNF to mature BDNF was decreased in high-grade glioma tissues and was negatively correlated with tumor grade. Using C6 glioma cells as a model, we found that proBDNF increased apoptosis and differentiation and decreased cell growth and migration in vitro via p75NTR. Our data indicate that proBDNF and its receptors are upregulated in high-grade glioma and might play an inhibitory effect on glioma.
Children in accident and emergency departments
Authors: M A Mason
Journal: BMJ (1985)

currently being operated on have retractile testes, but if this is not the case there must have been a substantial increase in the incidence of undescended testis over the past 20 years.There are no data available with which to resolve this ques- tion.One way to settle the issue would be to repeat Scorer's original studies.We are collaborating with the departments of obstetrics and gynaecology, surgery, and paediatrics at the John Radcliffe Hospital to do such a study.We have so far examined a cohort of more than 2500 newborn boys and the results of the first year of the study will be available in about six months.