tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Petechial Eruption on Fingers
Authors: Daniel Zaghi, Daniel Witheiler, Alan M. Menter
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Is Eligibility for a Chemotherapy Protocol a Good Prognostic Factor for Invasive Bladder Cancer After Radical Cystectomy?
Authors: Stephan Madersbacher, George N. Thalmann, Johannes C. Fritsch, Urs E. Studer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To assess whether eligibility to an adjuvant chemotherapy protocol in itself represents a good prognostic factor after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.Between April 1984 and May 1989, our institution entered 35 patients with invasive bladder cancer into the Swiss Group for Clinical and Epidemiological Cancer Research (SAKK) study 09/84. They were randomly assigned to either observation or three postoperative courses of cisplatin monotherapy after cystectomy. This study had a negative result. The outcome of these 35 patients (protocol group) was compared with an age- and tumor-stage-matched cohort (matched group; n = 35) who also underwent cystectomy during the same period, but were not entered into the SAKK study, as well as the remaining 57 patients treated during the study period for the same indication (remaining group).Median overall survival decreased from 76.3 months in the protocol group to 52.1 months in the matched group and to 20.3 months in the remaining group. The respective times of median recurrence-free survival were 67.2, 16.0, and 9.4 months. Tumor progression occurred in 46% of the protocol group compared with 69% in the matched group and 65% in the remaining group (P < .05). Cancer-related death was noted in 40% of the protocol group, 57% in the matched group, and 56% in the remaining group.These data suggest that being willing and fit enough for a chemotherapy protocol is a good prognostic factor for invasive bladder cancer. This eligibility bias emphasizes the need for prospective, randomized trials, and indicates that single-group studies using historical or matched controls have to be interpreted with caution.
Influence of Right Ventricular Filling Pressure on Left Ventricular Pressure and Dimension
Authors: CHARLES E. BEMIS, JUAN R. SERUR, DAVID BORKENHAGEN, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK, CHARLES W. URSCHEL
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

The effects of alterations in the diastolic filling pressure of the right ventricle on left ventricular (LV) geometry and filling pressure were studied in six isolated, supported canine hearts. This experimental preparation permitted graded increments in right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic pressure while LV cardiac output, heart rate, and mean aortic pressure were held constant. Endocardial radiopaque markers were placed in the ventricular septum, the anterior wall, the posterior wall, and the free wall in a plane perpendicular to the aortoapical axis. LV end-diastolic dimensions were recorded by x-ray cinematography at 60 frames/sec. The effects of varied RV end-diastolic pressure (0-16 mm Hg) on LV end-diastolic pressure and dimensions were studied at several LV cardiac outputs (780-2880 ml/min) and at several initial LV end-diastolic pressures (1-18 mm Hg). Increments of 5 mm Hg in RV end-diastolic pressure increased LV end-diastolic pressure 2.3 mm Hg. The septum-to-free wall distance decreased by 4.5% from the control distance, but the anterior-to-posterior dimension increased by 4.4%.Thus, LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic dimensions were significantly related to RV end-diastolic pressure; LV end-diastolic geometry was increasingly distorted at elevated RV end-diastolic pressure. These data suggest that the high RV filling pressures that characterize certain diseases can secondarily alter LV filling pressures and geometry.
Obesity as a susceptibility factor to indoor particulate matter health effects in COPD
Authors: Meredith C. McCormack, Andrew J. Belli, Deepak A. Kaji, Elizabeth C. Matsui, Emily P. Brigham, Roger D. Peng, Cortlandt Sellers, D'Ann L. Williams, Gregory B. Diette, Patrick N. Breysse, Nadia N. Hansel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Our goal was to investigate whether obesity increases susceptibility to the adverse effects of indoor particulate matter on respiratory morbidity among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participants with COPD were studied at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg·m −2 . At each time point, indoor air was sampled for 5–7 days and particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic size ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 2.5–10 μm (PM2.5–10) was measured. Respiratory symptoms, health status, rescue medication use, exacerbations, blood biomarkers and exhaled nitric oxide were assessed simultaneously. Of the 84 participants enrolled, 56% were obese and all were former smokers with moderate-to-severe COPD. Obese participants tended to have less severe disease as assessed by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease stage and fewer pack-years of smoking. There was evidence that obesity modified the effects of indoor PM on COPD respiratory outcomes. Increases in PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 were associated with greater increases in nocturnal symptoms, dyspnoea and rescue medication use among obese versus non-obese participants. The impact of indoor PM on exacerbations, respiratory status and wheeze also tended to be greater among obese versus non-obese participants, as were differences in airway and systemic inflammatory responses to indoor PM. We found evidence that obesity was associated with exaggerated responses to indoor fine and coarse PM exposure among individuals with COPD.
Soluble HLA class I molecules induce natural killer cell apoptosis through the engagement of CD8: evidence for a negative regulation exerted by members of the inhibitory receptor superfamily
Authors: Grazia Maria Spaggiari, Paola Contini, Roberta Carosio, Marica Arvigo, Massimo Ghio, Daniela Oddone, Alessandra Dondero, Maria Raffaella Zocchi, Francesco Puppo, Francesco Indiveri, Alessandro Poggi
Journal: Blood (2002)
Effects of phosphodiester and phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on cell lines which overexpress c-myc: Implications for the treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: S.A. Williams, E.R. Gillan, E. Knoppel, J.S. Buzby, Y. Suen, M.S. Cairo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Progression of lupus nephritis during treatment with mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: K Ahmadi-Simab
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Lupus nephritis (LN) determines the prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The standard treatment for the proliferative forms (focal and diffuse proliferative LN, WHO classes III and IV) is intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide in combination with oral prednisone (Austin scheme).1,2 Recently mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown to be as effective as standard pulse cyclophosphamide for the induction of remission in proliferative LN (n = 21 in each treatment group). Side effects of MMF were fewer than with pulse cyclophosphamide.3 We …
Purification of hepatocyte couplets by centrifugal elutriation
Authors: Joanne C. Wilton, Delyth E. Williams, Alastair J. Strain, Rosemary A. Parslow, Kevin J. Chipman, Roger Coleman
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

An initial preparation of rat hepatocytes containing approximately 30% couplets was enriched by centrifugal elutriation. Of the couplets loaded onto the elutriator, 87% were eluted at medium flow rates of 60 to 80 ml/min at a rotor speed of 1,100 rpm; cells eluted in this range maintained a viability of more than 95%. Peak fractions were enriched in couplets to 84.5% +/- 2.5%. After elutriation, couplets retained the ability to secrete fluorescent cholephiles into sealed canalicular vacuoles. The preparation can now be used in hepatobiliary and hepatotoxicity studies not possible with preparations in which they are minor components.
Cannabis and the lung
Authors: P. Lange
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Cannabis smoking constitutes a substantial hazard to the lung

Cannabis (or marijuana) is not only the most widely used illegal drug in the western world but, after tobacco, also the most commonly smoked substance. In the UK almost 50% of young adults have tried to smoke cannabis at some time.1 Among people aged 16–30 years of age there is a substantial number of frequent users, in some populations in the range of about 5%. The active substance responsible for the psychostimulating effect of cannabis is delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). However, as with tobacco smoke, cannabis smoke consists of a large mixture of compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, cyanide, benzene and many others.

Cannabis is prepared from the hemp plant which—especially in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century—was grown for industrial purposes in order to produce fibres, but it has gradually been replaced by other coarse-fibre plants. Archaeological findings show that cannabis was used in many ancient cultures in spiritual and religious contexts as a psychostimulating and trance-inducing drug. Later, in the 19th century, it was promoted for its medical properties including pain-relieving, antiemetic and anticonvulsant effects. Yet, after the invention of aspirin and other more effective drugs, the use of …
Graphene as Cancer Theranostic Tool: Progress and Future Challenges
Authors: Marco Orecchioni, Roberto Cabizza, Alberto Bianco, Lucia Gemma Delogu
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Nowadays cancer remains one of the main causes of death in the world.Current diagnostic techniques need to be improved to provide earlier diagnosis and treatment.Traditional therapy approaches to cancer are limited by lack of specificity and systemic toxicity.In this scenario nanomaterials could be good allies to give more specific cancer treatment effectively reducing undesired side effects and giving at the same time accurate diagnosis and successful therapy.In this context, thanks to its unique physical and chemical properties, graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene (rGO) have recently attracted tremendous interest in biomedicine including cancer therapy.Herein we analyzed all studies presented in literature related to cancer fight using graphene and graphene-based conjugates.In this context, we aimed at the full picture of the state of the art providing new inputs for future strategies in the cancer theranostic by using of graphene.We found an impressive increasing interest in the material for cancer therapy and/or diagnosis.The majority of the works (73%) have been carried out on drug and gene delivery applications, following by photothermal therapy (32%), imaging (31%) and photodynamic therapy (10%).A 27% of the studies focused on theranostic applications.Part of the works here discussed contribute to the growth of the theranostic field covering the use of imaging (i.e.ultrasonography, positron electron tomography, and fluorescent imaging) combined to one or more therapeutic modalities.We found that the use of graphene in cancer theranostics is still in an early but rapidly growing stage of investigation.Any technology based on nanomaterials can significantly enhance their possibility to became the real revolution in medicine if combines diagnosis and therapy at the same time.We performed a comprehensive summary of the latest progress of graphene cancer fight and highlighted the future challenges and the innovative possible theranostic applications.
Investigations of Pharmacologic Properties of the Renal CLC-K1 Chloride Channel Co-expressed with Barttin by the Use of 2-(p-Chlorophenoxy)Propionic Acid Derivatives and Other Structurally Unrelated Chloride Channels Blockers
Authors: Antonella Liantonio, Michael Pusch, Alessandra Picollo, Patrizia Guida, Annamaria De Luca, Sabata Pierno, Giuseppe Fracchiolla, Fulvio Loiodice, Paolo Tortorella, Diana Conte Camerino
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

ABSTRACT. CLC-K chloride channels are expressed in the kidney, where they play a pivotal role in the mechanisms of urine concentration and Na+ reabsorption. The identification of barttin as an essential β-subunit of CLC-K channels allowed performance of a pharmacologic characterization of wild-type CLC-K1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. To this end, a series of 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (CPP) derivatives were screened using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. Several chemical modifications regarding the phenoxy group of the side chain (elimination of the oxygen atom or of methylenic groups, substitutions of the chlorine atom) did not alter the drug blocking activity, with five different derivatives showing a similar potency. Among these, a derivative of CPP carrying a benzyl group on the chiral center in the place of the methyl group represented the minimal structure for blocking CLC-K1. It inhibited the channel from the extracellular side with an affinity in the 150 μM range. The blocking potency of this compound is fourfold increased by lowering the extracellular chloride concentration, suggesting that the drug interacts with the channel pore. Concomitantly, the effect of some "classical" Cl− channel blockers (9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, 2-(phenylamino)benzoic acid, iminodibenzoic acid, niflumic acid, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid, 4,4′-diisothiocyanato-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt, and 4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanato-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt) was screened. 4,4′-Diisothiocyanato-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt was the only one capable of blocking CLC-K1 with a potency similar to the CPP derivative, although in an irreversible manner. The newly identified substances provide a useful tool to investigate the biophysical and physiologic role of these renal channels and a starting point for the development of therapeutic drugs with diuretic action. E-mail: [email protected]
Imatinib for Newly Diagnosed Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Incidence of Sustained Responses in an Intention-to-Treat Analysis
Authors: Hugues de Lavallade, Jane F. Apperley, Jamshid S. Khorashad, Dragana Milojkovic, Alistair G. Reid, Marco Bua, Richard Szydlo, Eduardo Olavarria, Jaspal Kaeda, John M. Goldman, David Marin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Imatinib is remarkably effective in treating newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP). To date, most of the available data come from a single multicenter study in which some of the patients were censored for diverse reasons. Here, we report our experience in treating patients at a single institution in a setting where all events were recorded. Patients and Methods A total of 204 consecutive adult patients with newly diagnosed CML in CP received imatinib from June 2000 until August 2006. Response (hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular), progression-free survival (PFS) and survival were evaluated. Results At 5 years, cumulative incidences of complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR) were 82.7% and 50.1%, respectively. Estimated overall survival and PFS were 83.2% and 82.7%, respectively. By 5 years, 25% of patients had discontinued imatinib treatment because of an unsatisfactory response and/or toxicity. The 5-year probability of remaining in major cytogenetic response while still receiving imatinib was 62.7%. Patients achieving a CCyR at 1 year had a better PFS and overall survival than those failing to reach CCyR, but achieving a MMR conferred no further advantage. The identification of a kinase domain mutation was the only factor predicting for loss of CCyR. Conclusion Imatinib is highly effective in most patients with CML-CP; patients who respond are likely to live substantially longer than those treated with earlier therapies. Achieving CCyR correlated with PFS and overall survival, but achieving MMR had no further predictive value. However, approximately one third of patients still need better therapy.
Clinical Predictors for Germline Mutations in Head and Neck Paraganglioma Patients: Cost Reduction Strategy in Genetic Diagnostic Process as Fall-Out
Authors: Hartmut P.H. Neumann, Zoran Erlic, Carsten C. Boedeker, Lisa A. Rybicki, Mercedes Robledo, Mario Hermsen, Francesca Schiavi, Maurizio Falcioni, Pingling Kwok, Catherine Bauters, Karen Lampe, Markus Fischer, Emily Edelman, Diana E. Benn, Bruce G. Robinson, Stefanie Wiegand, Gerd Rasp, Boris A. Stuck, Michael M. Hoffmann, Maren Sullivan, Maria A. Sevilla, Marjan M. Weiss, Mariola Peczkowska, Agata Kubaszek, Pascal Pigny, Robyn L. Ward, Diana Learoyd, Michael Croxson, Dmitry Zabolotny, Svetlana Yaremchuk, Wolfgang Draf, Mihaela Muresan, Robert R. Lorenz, Stephan Knipping, Michael Strohm, Gerhard Dyckhoff, Christoph Matthias, Nicole Reisch, Simon F. Preuss, Dirk Eβer, Martin A. Walter, Holger Kaftan, Timo Stöver, Christian Fottner, Harald Gorgulla, Mahdi Malekpour, Masoud Motasaddi Zarandy, Jörg Schipper, Christoph Brase, Alexander Glien, Matthias Kühnemund, Sven Koscielny, Peter Schwerdtfeger, Matti Välimäki, Witold Szyfter, Ulrich Finckh, Klaus Zerres, Alberto Cascon, Giuseppe Opocher, Gerd J. Ridder, Andrzej Januszewicz, Carlos Suarez, Charis Eng
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Multiple genes and their variants that lend susceptibility to many diseases will play a major role in clinical routine. Genetics-based cost reduction strategies in diagnostic processes are important in the setting of multiple susceptibility genes for a single disease. Head and neck paraganglioma (HNP) is caused by germline mutations of at least three succinate dehydrogenase subunit genes (SDHx). Mutation analysis for all 3 costs approximately US$2,700 per patient. Genetic classification is essential for downstream management of the patient and preemptive management of family members. Utilizing HNP as a model, we wanted to determine predictors to prioritize the most heritable clinical presentations and which gene to begin testing in HNP presentations, to reduce costs of genetic screening. Patients were tested for SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD intragenic mutations and large deletions. Clinical parameters were analyzed as potential predictors for finding germline mutations. Cost reduction was calculated between prioritized gene testing compared with that for all genes. Of 598 patients, 30.6% had SDHx germline mutations: 34.4% in SDHB, 14.2% SDHC, and 51.4% SDHD. Predictors for an SDHx mutation are family history [odds ratio (OR), 37.9], previous pheochromocytoma (OR, 10.9), multiple HNP (OR, 10.6), age <or=40 years (OR, 4.0), and male gender (OR, 3.5). By screening only preselected cases and a stepwise approach, 60% cost reduction can be achieved, with 91.8% sensitivity and 94.5% negative predictive value. Our data give evidence that clinical parameters can predict for mutation and help prioritize gene testing to reduce costs in HNP. Such strategy is cost-saving in the practice of genetics-based personalized health care.
Reperfusion Damage to the Bile Canaliculi in Transplanted Human Liver
Authors: J C Cutrin, D Cantino, F Biasi, E Chiarpotto, M Salizzoni, E Andorno, G Massano, G Lanfranco, M Rizzetto, A Boveris, G Poli
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

In 19 patients who have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), the trend and degree of cholestasis was statistically monitored in terms of plasma levels of l–gamma–glutamyl transferase (GGT) and total bilirubin. In addition, the ultrastructure of the bile canaliculus was examined during the entire OLT procedure, i.e., during explantation, cold ischemia, and after 60 to 90 minutes of organ reperfusion. Cholestasis was evident from the second day after surgery, with a peak after approximately 10 to 16 days. Defined, small changes in the functional state of actin filaments were noted in the bile canalicular area after prolonged ischemia. But the morphological status of the bile canaliculi changed dramatically after reperfusion. In fact, the mean area and perimeter of the canaliculi had increased significantly, and there was a marked loss in the number of bile microvilli per unit of canalicular area. The bile canaliculus appears to be one of the liver structures most susceptible to ischemia– reperfusion damage. A series of biochemical changes occurring during ischemia and after reoxygenation of the transplanted liver, especially, would provide a reason for the observed early morphological damage of the bile canaliculus, which, in turn, would explain the cholestasis of these patients in the first posttransplantation period.
Gene Expression: Protein Interaction Systems Network Modeling Identifies Transformation-Associated Molecules and Pathways in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sharmila A. Bapat, Anagha Krishnan, Avinash D. Ghanate, Anjali P. Kusumbe, Rajkumar S. Kalra
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Multiple, dissimilar genetic defects in cancers of the same origin contribute to heterogeneity in tumor phenotypes and therapeutic responses of patients, yet the associated molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show at the systems level that serous ovarian carcinoma is marked by the activation of interconnected modules associated with a specific gene set that was derived from three independent tumor-specific gene expression data sets. Network prediction algorithms combined with preestablished protein interaction networks and known functionalities affirmed the importance of genes associated with ovarian cancer as predictive biomarkers, besides “discovering” novel ones purely on the basis of interconnectivity, whose precise involvement remains to be investigated. Copy number alterations and aberrant epigenetic regulation were identified and validated as significant influences on gene expression. More importantly, three functional modules centering on c-Myc activation, altered retinoblastoma signaling, and p53/cell cycle/DNA damage repair pathways have been identified for their involvement in transformation-associated events. Further studies will assign significance to and aid the design of a panel of specific markers predictive of individual- and tumor-specific pathways. In the parlance of this emerging field, such networks of gene-hub interactions may define personalized therapeutic decisions. Cancer Res; 70(12); 4809–19. ©2010 AACR.