tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Critical role of protein glycosylation in T cell immunity/autoimmunity
Authors: T G Szabo, R Palotai, P Antal, I Tokatly, L Tothfalusi, O Lund, G Nagy, A Falus, E I Buzas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Glycosylation is the most frequent posttranslational protein modifi cation and N-glycosylation is the most abundant form of glycosylation in humans.Many of the known autoantigens, including those found in hyaline cartilage, are heavily glycosylated.There is a relative backlog in the understanding of glycoimmunology (compared with antiprotein immunology) which might be explained, at least partially, by the substantial technical diffi culties of carbohydrate synthesis and sequencing.Until glycopeptides are available on a large scale for cellular immunology studies, our present combined in silico approach may enable us to gain the fi rst biological system insight into the largely unknown role of antigen glycosylation in T cell immunity and autoimmunity.The present analysis was made possible by currently available on July 17,
Effect of 14 weeks of resistance training on lipid profile and body fat percentage in premenopausal women.
Authors: B Prabhakaran, E A Dowling, J D Branch, D P Swain, B C Leutholtz
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of a supervised, intensive (85% of one repetition maximum (1-RM)) 14 week resistance training programme on lipid profile and body fat percentage in healthy, sedentary, premenopausal women. SUBJECTS: Twenty four women (mean (SD) age 27 (7) years) took part in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a non-exercising control group or a resistance exercise training group. The resistance exercise training group took part in supervised 45-50 minute resistance training sessions (85% of 1-RM), three days a week on non-consecutive days for 14 weeks. The control group did not take part in any structured physical activity. RESULTS: Two way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed significant (p &lt; 0.05) increases in strength (1-RM) in the exercising group. There were significant (p &lt; 0.05) decreases in total cholesterol (mean (SE) 4.68 (0.31) v 4.26 (0.23) mmol/1 (180 (12) v 164 (9) mg/dl)), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (2.99 (0.29) v 2.57 (0.21) mmol/l (115 (11) v 99 (8) mg/dl), the total to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (4.2 (0.42) v 3.6 (0.42)), and body fat percentage (27.9 (2.09) v 26.5 (2.15)), as well as a strong trend towards a significant decrease in the LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio (p = 0.057) in the resistance exercise training group compared with their baseline values. No differences were seen in triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. No changes were found in any of the measured variables in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that resistance training has a favourable effect on lipid profile and body fat percentage in healthy, sedentary, premenopausal women.
Significance of Urinary Full-Length and Ectodomain Forms of Megalin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shinya Ogasawara, Michihiro Hosojima, Ryohei Kaseda, Hideyuki Kabasawa, Keiko Yamamoto-Kabasawa, Hiroyuki Kurosawa, Hiroyoshi Sato, Noriaki Iino, Tetsuro Takeda, Yoshiki Suzuki, Ichiei Narita, Kunihiro Yamagata, Yasuhiko Tomino, Fumitake Gejyo, Yoshiaki Hirayama, Sakari Sekine, Akihiko Saito
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Megalin, an endocytic receptor in proximal tubule cells, is involved in the mechanisms of albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy (DN). To develop efficient novel biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of DN, we investigated urinary megalin excretion in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems were established with monoclonal antibodies against the NH2 (amino [A]-megalin assay) and COOH (C-megalin assay) termini of megalin to analyze urinary forms of megalin in 68 patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS The A-megalin assay mainly detected a megalin ectodomain form in the soluble urinary fraction, whereas the C-megalin assay identified a full-length form in both soluble and insoluble fractions. Urinary C-megalin levels were significantly high in patients with normoalbuminuria, were elevated in line with increased albuminuria, and showed a better association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (&amp;lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2) than did urinary albumin. In contrast, urinary A-megalin levels were increased in patients with normo- and microalbuminuria but not in those with macroalbuminuria. Urinary C-megalin levels were also positively associated with plasma inorganic phosphate and negatively with hemoglobin levels in those showing no features of bleeding and not taking vitamin D analogs, phosphate binders, or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. CONCLUSIONS Urinary full-length megalin excretion as measured by the C-megalin assay is well associated with reduced eGFR and linked to the severity of DN, phosphate dysregulation, and anemia, whereas urinary excretion of megalin ectodomain as measured by the A-megalin assay may be associated with distinctive mechanisms of earlier DN in type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of Esophageal Pressure with Pulse Transit Time as a Measure of Respiratory Effort for Scoring Obstructive Nonapneic Respiratory Events
Authors: JÉRÔME ARGOD, JEAN-LOUIS PÉPIN, ROBIN P. SMITH, PATRICK LÉVY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONCONCLUSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Unfavourable consequences of chronic cardiac HIF-1α stabilization
Authors: Marion Hölscher, Katrin Schäfer, Sabine Krull, Katja Farhat, Amke Hesse, Monique Silter, Yun Lin, Bernd J. Pichler, Patricia Thistlethwaite, Ali El-Armouche, Lars. S. Maier, Dörthe M. Katschinski, Anke Zieseniss
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the master modulator of hypoxic gene expression. The effects of chronically stabilized cardiac HIF-1α and its role in the diseased heart are not precisely known. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to elucidate consequences of HIF-1α stabilization in the heart; (ii) to analyse long-term effects of HIF-1α stabilization with ageing and the ability of the HIF-1α overexpressing hearts to respond to increased mechanical load; and (iii) to analyse HIF-1α protein levels in failing heart samples. In a cardiac-specific HIF-1α transgenic mouse model, constitutive expression of HIF-1α leads to changes in capillary area and shifts the cardiac metabolism towards glycolysis with a net increase in glucose uptake. Furthermore, Ca2+ handling is altered, with increased Ca2+ transients and faster intracellular [Ca2+] decline. These changes are associated with decreased expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a but elevated phosphorylation of phospholamban. HIF-1α transgenic mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction exhibited profound cardiac decompensation. Moreover, cardiomyopathy was also seen in ageing transgenic mice. In parallel, we found an increased stabilization of HIF-1α in heart samples of patients with end-stage heart failure. Changes induced with transgenic cardiac HIF-1α possibly mediate beneficial effects in the short term; however, with increased mechanical load and ageing they become detrimental for cardiac function. Together with the finding of increased HIF-1α protein levels in samples from human patients with cardiomyopathy, these data indicate that chronic HIF-1α stabilization drives autonomous pathways that add to disease progression.
Green tea consumption and gastric cancer in Japanese: a pooled analysis of six cohort studies
Authors: M Inoue, S Sasazuki, K Wakai, T Suzuki, K Matsuo, T Shimazu, I Tsuji, K Tanaka, T Mizoue, C Nagata, A Tamakoshi, N Sawada, S Tsugane
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Background:</h3> Previous experimental studies have suggested many possible anti-cancer mechanisms for green tea, but epidemiological evidence for the effect of green tea consumption on gastric cancer risk is conflicting. <h3>Objective:</h3> To examine the association between green tea consumption and gastric cancer. <h3>Methods:</h3> We analysed original data from six cohort studies that measured green tea consumption using validated questionnaires at baseline. Hazard ratios (HRs) in the individual studies were calculated, with adjustment for a common set of variables, and combined using a random-effects model. <h3>Results:</h3> During 2 285 968 person-years of follow-up for a total of 219 080 subjects, 3577 cases of gastric cancer were identified. Compared with those drinking &lt;1 cup/day, no significant risk reduction for gastric cancer was observed with increased green tea consumption in men, even in stratified analyses by smoking status and subsite. In women, however, a significantly decreased risk was observed for those with consumption of ⩾5 cups/day (multivariate-adjusted pooled HR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.65 to 0.96). This decrease was also significant for the distal subsite (HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.96). In contrast, a lack of association for proximal gastric cancer was consistently seen in both men and women. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Green tea may decrease the risk of distal gastric cancer in women.
Single-agent tenofovir versus combination emtricitabine plus tenofovir for pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 acquisition: an update of data from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Authors: Jared M Baeten, Deborah Donnell, Nelly R Mugo, Patrick Ndase, Katherine K Thomas, James D Campbell, Jonathan Wangisi, Jordan W Tappero, Elizabeth A Bukusi, Craig R Cohen, Elly Katabira, Allan Ronald, Elioda Tumwesigye, Edwin Were, Kenneth H Fife, James Kiarie, Carey Farquhar, Grace John-Stewart, Lara Kidoguchi, Robert W Coombs, Craig Hendrix, Mark A Marzinke, Lisa Frenkel, Jessica E Haberer, David Bangsberg, Connie Celum
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
Cognitive Outcome After Pediatric Stem-Cell Transplantation: Impact of Age and Total-Body Irradiation
Authors: Victoria W. Willard, Wing Leung, Qinlei Huang, Hui Zhang, Sean Phipps
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

To examine the influence of age and conditioning with total-body irradiation (TBI) on the trajectory of cognitive functioning after treatment with pediatric hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (SCT).Pediatric patients who were scheduled to undergo a SCT were eligible for the study, with 315 patients completing a baseline assessment. Of these, 183 patients (58.1%) were alive at 1 year after SCT and completed additional assessments at 1, 3, and 5 years after SCT. Half of the long-term sample (52.1%) received TBI during conditioning. Cognitive functioning was assessed via age-appropriate standardized measures.At baseline, there were no differences in intelligence quotient (IQ) based on age. At 5 years after SCT, the youngest patients (< 3 years old at baseline) who received TBI demonstrated a significantly lower IQ than those who did not receive TBI (P = .05). Longitudinal analyses (piecewise linear mixed-effects models with a knot at 1 year after SCT) revealed a significant impact of age and TBI over time. The youngest patients evidenced declines in cognitive functioning during the first year; however, patients who did not receive TBI largely recovered their functioning in subsequent years. In contrast, young patients who received TBI failed to recover the losses experienced during the first year after SCT, demonstrating stability in their functioning, but at a lower level.Our findings clarify the relationship between TBI and age on cognitive outcomes in pediatric SCT survivors. Young patients who receive TBI may benefit from early intervention efforts to minimize cognitive losses during the first year after SCT and to maximize potential recovery.
Molecular epidemiological analysis suggests cross-infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is rare in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Anthony De Soyza, Audrey Perry, Amanda J. Hall, Syba S. Sunny, Kathy E. Walton, Nazim Mustafa, Jane Turton, Dervla T. Kenna, Craig Winstanley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

In both cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFBr) chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is adversely prognostic [1, 2]. In CF, epidemic infections with specific clones of P. aeruginosa are associated with further adverse outcomes [3, 4]. This cross-infection risk has led to segregation of patients [5]. There are few data on P. aeruginosa cross-infection in NCFBr. As a result, segregation in NCFBr has not been addressed in guidelines [6].

Our aim was to undertake a cross-infection study in NCFBr. This was undertaken in an adult bronchiectasis service in the north-east of England (UK) that is separated from the regional CF unit (sited 2 miles (3 km) away). The service was initiated in 2007 with a weekly specialist clinic without a Pseudomonas -specific clinic. When NCFBr patients are hospitalised, there is a preference for cubicle-based (single-patient room) management, but when cubicles are unavailable, patients are managed in six-bed bays. All patients had computed tomographic confirmation and had predominantly idiopathic or post-infectious bronchiectasis with CF excluded following current guidelines [6]. The study had ethical permission and Caldicott approval (Newcastle and North Tyneside National Research Ethics Service Committee).

56 isolates were selected for analysis. Six were chosen from CF patients as laboratory controls. 50 were NCFBr isolates collected between 2008 and 2011 from …
Assessment of Coronary Heart Disease Morbidity and Mortality After Radiation Therapy for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Katherine A. Vallis, Melania Pintilie, Nelson Chong, Eric Holowaty, Pamela S. Douglas, Peter Kirkbride, Andreas Wielgosz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To assess the risk of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and radiation therapy (RT) for left-sided breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A hospital-based retrospective cohort linkage study of all breast cancer patients registered at the Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH), Toronto, Canada, between 1982 and 1988 who were treated with postlumpectomy RT was performed. Available identifiers for the study cohort were linked to two province-wide health files: the Canadian Institute for Health Information Hospitalization File and the Ontario Mortality Database. Admissions to hospital for MI and deaths attributable to MI were identified. The relevant original health records were abstracted to verify the diagnosis of MI according to diagnostic criteria used in the World Health Organization multinational monitoring of trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease (MONICA) project. We compared incidence of MI in the study cohort with the general population and incidence of MI after therapy for left- versus right-sided breast cancer. RESULTS: A cohort of 2,128 patients was identified. The median length of follow-up was 10.2 years. The incidence of MI in the study cohort was comparable to that in an age-matched general population of women in Ontario. There were 70 coronary events among 56 patients after breast irradiation. According to MONICA criteria, 53 and six events were characterized as definite and possible MIs, respectively. Eleven events did not satisfy MONICA criteria for MI. Twenty-six patients treated for left-sided and 23 patients treated for right-sided breast cancer experienced at least one definite or possible MI (log-rank test, P = .66). There were eight fatal MIs among the left-sided group and six among the right-sided group. There was no excess of other cardiac diseases among patients who received left-sided radiotherapy compared to the right-sided group. CONCLUSION: We have found no evidence for excess morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease among women treated with RT to the left breast after BCS at 10.2 years of follow-up. Longer follow-up is required to confirm that excess cardiac disease has been completely avoided.
Both carboxy-terminus NES motif and mutated tryptophan(s) are crucial for aberrant nuclear export of nucleophosmin leukemic mutants in NPMc+ AML
Authors: Brunangelo Falini, Niccolò Bolli, Jing Shan, Maria Paola Martelli, Arcangelo Liso, Alessandra Pucciarini, Barbara Bigerna, Laura Pasqualucci, Roberta Mannucci, Roberto Rosati, Paolo Gorello, Daniela Diverio, Giovanni Roti, Enrico Tiacci, Giovanni Cazzaniga, Andrea Biondi, Suzanne Schnittger, Torsten Haferlach, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Massimo F. Martelli, Wei Gu, Cristina Mecucci, Ildo Nicoletti
Journal: Blood (2006)
CARCINOMA IN SITU
Authors: J. Ernest Ayre
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:—  Since the introduction of cytodiagnosis, carcinoma in situ has become recognized as a neoplasm of surprising frequency. Since the lesion is often found in cervical tissues that appear normal, one of the significant problems has been to secure  confirmation of these lesions following initial detection with cytology. The absence of a target lesion for  has indicated the need for a ring biopsy if histological study is to be accurate. Considerable mystery surrounds this so-called embryo cancer, since numerous reports have appeared in the literature indicating apparent spontaneous regression, especially during or following pregnancy.  In an effort to secure a comprehensive expression of authoritative medical opinion concerning its character, the Dade County Cancer Institute recently prepared a questionnaire on carcinoma in situ that was mailed to leading authorities in the fields of gynecology, pathology, and cytology. Replies were received from members of the American Gynecological Society,
Ultrastructural examination of broncho-alveolar lavage for diagnosis of pulmonary histiocytosis X: Preliminary report on 4 cases.
Authors: F Basset, P Soler, M C Jaurand, J Bignon
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Fibreoptic broncho-alveolar lavage was used in four patients; the diagnosis of histiocytosis X had been established by lung biopsy in three and was suggested on clinical grounds in the remaining patient. Characteristic cells with an ultrastructural cytoplasmic marker (X body) were found in the washes of all four patients. In the patient without biopsy confirmation, the findings in the broncho-aleolar washes supplied the corroborating evidence for the diagnosis. From this preliminary study the technique seems able to provide a diagnosis in pulmonary histiocytosis X without the need for an open lung biopsy.
Lessons from the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Trials
Authors: Robert G. Hart, Jonathan L. Halperin, Lesly A. Pearce, David C. Anderson, Richard A. Kronmal, Ruth McBride, Elaine Nasco, David G. Sherman, Robert L. Talbert, John R. Marler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Atrial fibrillation predisposes to left atrial thrombus formation and carries a sixfold increased risk for stroke. Antithrombotic therapies are the mainstay for stroke prevention. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Strokesponsored Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF) studies assessed the value of warfarin, aspirin, and their combination for preventing stroke in six multicenter trials involving 3950 participants. This review presents the major results and implications, which offer unique perspectives on antithrombotic therapies for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Warfarin and aspirin reduce stroke. Anticoagulation substantially benefits high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation, while many younger patients with atrial fibrillation have a low stroke rate when given aspirin. Pathogenetic and transesophageal echocardiographic correlations shed light on mechanisms by which antithrombotic agents prevent stroke. Warfarin inhibits formation of atrial appendage thrombi and markedly reduces cardioembolic strokes, while aspirin primarily prevents smaller, noncardioembolic strokes. The SPAF III stroke risk stratification scheme has been validated for identifying patients with high versus moderate versus low risk for stroke. Women with atrial fibrillation benefit from anticoagulation significantly more than men do. Many elderly patients with recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation have high rates of stroke. Antithrombotic prophylaxis should be individualized on the basis of the estimated risk for stroke during aspirin therapy and the risk for bleeding during anticoagulation. Overall, nearly one third of patients with atrial fibrillation are low risk and should be treated with aspirin, and about one third are high risk and should receive warfarin if it can be given safely. For patients at moderate risk for stroke, patient preferences and access to reliable anticoagulation monitoring are particularly relevant. For members of the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators, see the Appendix.
Stimulation of Cl- secretion by the mucoactive drug S-carboxymethylcysteine-lysine salt in the isolated rabbit trachea
Authors: B Colombo, P Turconi, L Daffonchio, G Fedele, C Omini, D Cremaschi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Ion transport by the airway epithelium contributes to the regulation of the quantity and composition of respiratory tract fluid, thereby affecting mucociliary clearance. We have investigated the effect of the mucoactive drug S-carboxymethylcysteine-lysine salt (S-CMC-Lys) on the transepithelial bioelectric properties of isolated rabbit trachea. Transepithelial potential difference (Vms), short-circuit current (Isc) and resistance (R) were measured in the isolated rabbit trachea mounted between flux half-chambers, in the presence and in the absence of S-CMC-Lys (100 microM), added to the mucosal or submucosal chamber. In some experiments, tissues were also exposed to ion channel-inhibitors, in order to evaluate the contribution of Na+ and Cl- active transport to Isc. The excised rabbit trachea expressed transepithelial bioelectric properties based on an active ion transport supported by the Na(+)-K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, since ouabain (500 microM) completely abolished the transepithelial potential difference. In control preparations, Vms and Isc declined significantly during 300 min recording, whereas R remained constant. The Isc decline was essentially attributable to a decrease in Cl- transport. Bumetanide (100 microM) almost completely abolished the Isc fraction related to Cl- transport. Treatment of the tissues with S-CMC-Lys reduced the progressive fall in Isc, with the most clear-cut and significant effect observed for the mucosal treatment. In parallel, S-CMC-Lys significantly lowered R, without affecting Vms. Either mucosal or submucosal exposure to S-CMC-Lys significantly increased Cl- secretion to normal values, whilst Na+ absorption was not modified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)