tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Life Satisfaction and Suicide: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen, Risto Honkanen, Heimo Viinamäki, Kauko Heikkilä, Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

The authors investigated whether self-reported life satisfaction predicted suicide over a period of 20 years (1976-1995) in adults unselected for mental health status.A nationwide sample of adults aged 18-64 years (N=29,173) from the Finnish Twin Cohort responded to a health questionnaire that included a life satisfaction scale (score range=4-20, with higher scores indicating greater dissatisfaction) that covered four items: interest in life, happiness, general ease of living, and feeling of loneliness. "Dissatisfied" subjects (life satisfaction score=12-20) were compared to "satisfied" subjects (score=4-6). Mortality data were derived from the national registry and analyzed with Cox regression.Dissatisfaction at baseline (life satisfaction score=12-20) was associated with a higher risk of suicide throughout the 20-year follow-up period (age-adjusted hazard ratio=3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.83-4.98). The association was somewhat stronger in the first decade (hazard ratio=4.46, 95% CI=1.95-10.20) than in the second (hazard ratio=2.34, 95% CI=1.24-4.45). A dose-response relationship was also found. Men with the highest degrees of dissatisfaction (life satisfaction score=19-20) were 24.85 times as prone to commit suicide as satisfied men during the first 10 years of the follow-up period. Throughout the entire follow-up, life dissatisfaction still predicted suicide after adjusting for age, sex, baseline health status, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and physical activity (hazard ratio=1.74, 95% CI=1.02-2.97). Subjects who reported dissatisfaction at baseline and again 6 years later showed a high suicide risk (hazard ratio=6.84, 95% CI=1.99-23.50) compared to those who repeatedly reported satisfaction.Life dissatisfaction has a long-term effect on the risk of suicide, and this seems to be partly mediated through poor health behavior. Life satisfaction seems to be a composite health indicator.
Phase II trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) in relapsed diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma
Authors: M. Crump, B. Coiffier, E.D. Jacobsen, L. Sun, J.L. Ricker, H. Xie, S.R. Frankel, S.S. Randolph, B.D. Cheson
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
Epirubicin and cyclophosphamide versus epirubicin and docetaxel as first-line therapy for women with metastatic breast cancer: final results of a randomised phase III trial
Authors: J.-U. Blohmer, P. Schmid, J. Hilfrich, K. Friese, A. Kleine-Tebbe, H. Koelbl, H. Sommer, G. Morack, M.B. Wischnewsky, W. Lichtenegger, S. Kuemmel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Outbreak of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) at a New York City School
Authors: Justin Lessler, Nicholas G. Reich, Derek A.T. Cummings
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In April 2009, an outbreak of novel swine-origin influenza A (2009 H1N1 influenza) occurred at a high school in Queens, New York. We describe the outbreak and characterize the clinical and epidemiologic aspects of this novel virus.The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene characterized the outbreak through laboratory confirmation of the presence of the 2009 H1N1 virus in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens and through information obtained from an online survey. Detailed information on exposure and the onset of symptoms was used to estimate the incubation period, generation time, and within-school reproductive number associated with 2009 H1N1 influenza, with the use of established techniques.From April 24 through May 8, infection with the 2009 H1N1 virus was confirmed in 124 high-school students and employees. In responses to the online questionnaire, more than 800 students and employees (35% of student respondents and 10% of employee respondents) reported having an influenza-like illness during this period. No persons with confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza or with influenza-like illness had severe symptoms. A linkage with travel to Mexico was identified. The estimated median incubation period for confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza was 1.4 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 to 1.8), with symptoms developing in 95% of cases by 2.2 days (95% CI, 1.7 to 2.6). The estimated median generation time was 2.7 days (95% CI, 2.0 to 3.5). We estimate that the within-school reproductive number was 3.3.The findings from this investigation suggest that 2009 H1N1 influenza in the high school was widespread but did not cause severe illness. The reasons for the rapid and extensive spread of influenza-like illnesses are unknown. The natural history and transmission of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus appear to be similar to those of previously observed circulating pandemic and interpandemic influenza viruses.
Standardisation of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung
Authors: N. MacIntyre, R. O. Crapo, G. Viegi, D. C. Johnson, C. P. M. van der Grinten, V. Brusasco, F. Burgos, R. Casaburi, A. Coates, P. Enright, P. Gustafsson, J. Hankinson, R. Jensen, R. McKay, M. R. Miller, D. Navajas, O. F. Pedersen, R. Pellegrino, J. Wanger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)
A candidate gene study of capecitabine-related toxicity in colorectal cancer identifies new toxicity variants at<i>DPYD</i>and a putative role for<i>ENOSF1</i>rather than<i>TYMS</i>
Authors: Dan Rosmarin, Claire Palles, Alistair Pagnamenta, Kulvinder Kaur, Guillermo Pita, Miguel Martin, Enric Domingo, Angela Jones, Kimberley Howarth, Luke Freeman-Mills, Elaine Johnstone, Haitao Wang, Sharon Love, Claire Scudder, Patrick Julier, Ceres Fernández-Rozadilla, Clara Ruiz-Ponte, Angel Carracedo, Sergi Castellvi-Bel, Antoni Castells, Anna Gonzalez-Neira, Jenny Taylor, Rachel Kerr, David Kerr, Ian Tomlinson
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> Capecitabine is an oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pro-drug commonly used to treat colorectal carcinoma and other tumours. About 35% of patients experience dose-limiting toxicity. The few proven genetic biomarkers of 5-FU toxicity are rare variants and polymorphisms, respectively, at candidate loci dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (<i>DPYD</i>) and thymidylate synthase (<i>TYMS</i>). <h3>Design</h3> We investigated 1456 polymorphisms and rare coding variants near 25 candidate 5-FU pathway genes in 968 UK patients from the QUASAR2 clinical trial. <h3>Results</h3> We identified the first common <i>DPYD</i> polymorphisms to be consistently associated with capecitabine toxicity, rs12132152 (toxicity allele frequency (TAF)=0.031, OR=3.83, p=4.31×10<sup>−6</sup>) and rs12022243 (TAF=0.196, OR=1.69, p=2.55×10<sup>−5</sup>). rs12132152 was particularly strongly associated with hand-foot syndrome (OR=6.1, p=3.6×10<sup>−8</sup>). The rs12132152 and rs12022243 associations were independent of each other and of previously reported <i>DPYD</i> toxicity variants<i>.</i> Next-generation sequencing additionally identified rare <i>DPYD</i> variant p.Ala551Thr in one patient with severe toxicity. Using functional predictions and published data, we assigned p.Ala551Thr as causal for toxicity. We found that polymorphism rs2612091, which lies within an intron of <i>ENOSF1,</i> was also associated with capecitabine toxicity (TAF=0.532, OR=1.59, p=5.28×10<sup>−6</sup>). <i>ENSOF1</i> is adjacent to <i>TYMS</i> and there is a poorly characterised regulatory interaction between the two genes/proteins. Unexpectedly, rs2612091 fully explained the previously reported associations between capecitabine toxicity and the supposedly functional <i>TYMS</i> variants, 5′VNTR 2R/3R and 3′UTR 6 bp ins-del. rs2612091 genotypes were, moreover, consistently associated with <i>ENOSF1</i> mRNA levels, but not with <i>TYMS</i> expression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> <i>DPYD</i> harbours rare and common capecitabine toxicity variants. The toxicity polymorphism in the <i>TYMS</i> region may actually act through <i>ENOSF1</i>.
Mental states during dreaming and daydreaming: Some methodological loopholes
Authors: Peter Chapman, Geoffrey Underwood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Relatively poor memory for dreams is important evidence for Hobson et al.'s model of conscious states. We describe the time-gap experience as evidence that everyday memory for waking states may not be as good as they assume. As well as being surprisingly sparse, everyday memories may themselves be systematically distorted in the same manner that Revonsuo attributes uniquely to dreams. [Hobson et al.; Revonsuo]
Viral RNA and DNA Trigger Common Antiviral Responses in Mesangial Cells
Authors: Ramanjaneyulu Allam, Julia Lichtnekert, Anton G. Moll, Anela Taubitz, Volker Vielhauer, Hans-Joachim Anders
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Extrarenal viral infections commonly trigger glomerulonephritis, usually in association with immune complex disease. The Ig component of immune complexes can activate glomerular cell Fc receptors, but whether complexed viral nucleic acids contribute to glomerular inflammation remains unknown. Because of the types of Toll-like receptors (Tlrs) expressed by glomerular mesangial cells, we hypothesized that viral single-stranded RNA and DNA would activate mesangial cells via Tlr-independent pathways and trigger overlapping antiviral immune responses. Consistent with this hypothesis, 5′-triphosphate RNA (3P-RNA) and non-CpG DNA activated murine primary glomerular mesangial cells to secrete Cxcl10 and Il-6 even in cells derived from mice deficient in the Tlr adaptor proteins Myd88 and Trif. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 3P-RNA and non-CpG-DNA triggered almost identical gene expression programs, especially the proinflammatory cytokine Il-6, several chemokines, and genes related to type I IFN. We observed similar findings in glomerular preparations after injecting 3P-RNA and non-CpG-DNA <i>in vivo</i>. These effects depended on the formation of complexes with cationic lipids, which enhanced nucleic acid uptake into the cytosol of mesangial cells. Small interfering RNA studies revealed that 3P-RNA recognition involves Rig-1, whereas non-CpG-DNA did not require Rig-1 or Dai to activate glomerular mesangial cells. We conclude that 3P-RNA and double-stranded DNA trigger a common, TLR-independent, antiviral response in glomerular mesangial cells, which may promote glomerulonephritis in the setting of viral infection.
Risk of Merkel Cell Carcinoma After Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: C. A. Clarke, H. A. Robbins, Z. Tatalovich, C. F. Lynch, K. S. Pawlish, J. L. Finch, B. Y. Hernandez, J. F. Fraumeni, M. M. Madeleine, E. A. Engels
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Background:Solid organ transplant recipients have elevated risks of virus-related cancers, in part because of long-term immunosuppression. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer recently found to have a viral origin, but little is known regarding the occurrence of MCC after transplant.
Pubertal Timing and Growth Influences Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adult Males and Females
Authors: Elisabeth Widén, Karri Silventoinen, Ulla Sovio, Samuli Ripatti, Diana L. Cousminer, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Jaana Laitinen, Anneli Pouta, Jaakko Kaprio, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Leena Peltonen, Aarno Palotie
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Early pubertal onset in females is associated with increased risk for adult obesity and cardiovascular disease, but whether this relationship is independent of preceding childhood growth events is unclear. Furthermore, the association between male puberty and adult disease remains unknown. To clarify the link between puberty and adult health, we evaluated the relationship between pubertal timing and risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in both males and females from a large, prospective, and randomly ascertained birth cohort from Northern Finland.Pubertal timing was estimated based on pubertal height growth in 5,058 subjects (2,417 males and 2,641 females), and the relationship between puberty and body weight, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and blood pressure at age 31 years was evaluated with linear regression modeling.Earlier pubertal timing associated with higher adult BMI, fasting insulin, diastolic blood pressure, and decreased HDL cholesterol in both sexes (P < 0.002) and with higher total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in males. The association with BMI and diastolic blood pressure remained statistically significant in both sexes, as did the association with insulin levels and HDL cholesterol concentrations in males after adjusting for covariates reflecting both fetal and childhood growth including childhood BMI.We demonstrate independent association between earlier pubertal timing and adult metabolic syndrome-related derangements both in males and females. The connection emphasizes that the mechanisms advancing puberty may also contribute to adult metabolic disorders.
Inhibition of Human Tumor Cell-Associated Fibrinolysis by Vascular Bovine Smooth Muscle Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W E Laug
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Fibrinolysis induced by human tumor cells producing either urokinase (u-PA) or tissue-type plasminogen activators (t-PA) was inhibited by growth in vitro of the tumor cells together with aortic bovine smooth muscle cells (SMC). Both types of plasminogen activators secreted by the tumor cells were partially or completely neutralized in such cocultivation experiments. The fibrinolysis inhibitory activities were found in living SMC, homogenates of the cells, and medium conditioned by the SMC. Incubation of medium conditioned by the SMC with media conditioned by the tumor cells followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and regular fibrin zymography resulted in sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant inhibition of fibrinolysis. Gel electrophoretic analysis of medium conditioned by SMC followed by reverse fibrin autography revealed the presence of a single zone of lysis inhibition that corresponded to a relative molecular weight of 51,500 +/- 1,700. These results demonstrate that SMC produce and secrete a powerful inhibitor of u-PA- and t-PA-induced fibrinolysis, which may alter the invasive and degradative potential of tumor cells.
Ribosomal RNA sequence phylogeny is not congruent with ascospore morphology among species in Ceratocystis sensu stricto.
Authors: B D Wingfield, W S Grant, J F Wolfaardt, M J Wingfield
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1994)

The genus Ceratocystis sensu stricto includes important fungal pathogens of woody and herbaceous plants. This genus is distinguished from species in Ceratocystis sensu lato by the presence of Chalara anamorphs. Ascospore shape has been used extensively in delineating Ceratocystis taxa, which show a large variety of ascospore shapes. Sequence analysis of one region of he 18S ribosomal RNA subunit and two regions of the 28S ribosomal RNA subunit showed that there was a majority of multiple substitutions at nucleotide sites and that there was a low transition/transversion ratio, T = 0.72. Both of these results suggest that these are well established, old species. Ascospore morphology, for the most part, was not congruent with the molecular phylogeny, and the use of morphological characters may be misleading in the taxonomy of these species.
Effect of <i>TP53 Arg72Pro</i> and <i>MDM2 SNP309</i> Polymorphisms on the Risk of High-Grade Osteosarcoma Development and Survival
Authors: Giuseppe Toffoli, Paola Biason, Antonio Russo, Elena De Mattia, Erika Cecchin, Claudia Maria Hattinger, Michela Pasello, Marco Alberghini, Cristina Ferrari, Katia Scotlandi, Piero Picci, Massimo Serra
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: The germ-line polymorphisms TP53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 T&amp;gt;G are risk factors for tumor development and affect response to chemotherapy and survival in several cancers, but their prognostic and predictive value in patients with high-grade osteosarcomas is not yet defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the TP53 Arg72Pro and the MDM2 SNP309 on the risk of osteosarcoma development and survival. Experimental Design: The relative risk to develop osteosarcomas and the overall survival associated to TP53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 polymorphisms were investigated in 201 patients. Correlations with event-free survival (EFS) were analyzed in a homogeneous subgroup of 130 patients with high-grade osteosarcomas of the limbs, nonmetastatic at diagnosis, which underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that the MDM2 polymorphism T309G was associated with an increased risk of developing osteosarcomas [GG versus TT; odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.15-3.78]. A case/control gender approach evidenced a significant increased risk only for female osteosarcoma patients (GG versus TT; odds ratio, 4.26; 95% CI, 1.61-11.25). Subjects carrying the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism were found to have a significantly increased death risk (Pro/Pro versus Arg/Arg; hazard ratio, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.28-6.66). In the subgroup of 130 high-grade osteosarcomas, the TP53 Arg72Pro was an independent marker of EFS (Pro/Pro versus Arg/Arg; hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.17-6.11). Conclusion: The study provides evidence supporting the association of MDM2 SNP309 with high-grade osteosarcoma risk in females and shows that TP53 Arg72Pro has a prognostic value for overall survival and EFS in osteosarcoma patients.
Multidisciplinary Meeting on Male Breast Cancer: Summary and Research Recommendations
Authors: Larissa A. Korde, Jo Anne Zujewski, Leah Kamin, Sharon Giordano, Susan Domchek, William F. Anderson, John M.S. Bartlett, Karen Gelmon, Zeina Nahleh, Jonas Bergh, Bruno Cutuli, Giancarlo Pruneri, Worta McCaskill-Stevens, Julie Gralow, Gabriel Hortobagyi, Fatima Cardoso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Male breast cancer is a rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses worldwide. Most data on male breast cancer comes from small single-institution studies, and because of the paucity of data, the optimal treatment for male breast cancer is not known. This article summarizes a multidisciplinary international meeting on male breast cancer, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health Office of Rare Diseases and the National Cancer Institute Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis. The meeting included representatives from the fields of epidemiology, genetics, pathology and molecular biology, health services research, and clinical oncology and the advocacy community, with a comprehensive review of the data. Presentations focused on highlighting differences and similarities between breast cancer in males and females. To enhance our understanding of male breast cancer, international consortia are necessary. Therefore, the Breast International Group and North American Breast Cancer Group have joined efforts to develop an International Male Breast Cancer Program and to pool epidemiologic data, clinical information, and tumor specimens. This international collaboration will also facilitate the future planning of clinical trials that can address essential questions in the treatment of male breast cancer.
Prothrombin index slope is an early prognostic marker in patients with severe acute liver diseases: Figure 1
Authors: Bertrand Nalpas, Claire Francoz, Philippe Ichaï, Laure Jamot, Jamila Faivre, Sara Lemoinne, Didier Samuel, François Durand, Jacques Bernuau, Christian Bréchot, Paul Amouyal, Gilles Amouyal
Journal: Gut (2011)
Male Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Comparison With Female Breast Cancer
Authors: William F. Anderson, Ismail Jatoi, Julia Tse, Philip S. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Because of its rarity, male breast cancer is often compared with female breast cancer.To compare and contrast male and female breast cancers, we obtained case and population data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for breast cancers diagnosed from 1973 through 2005. Standard descriptive epidemiology was supplemented with age-period-cohort models and breast cancer survival analyses.Of all breast cancers, men with breast cancer make up less than 1%. Male compared with female breast cancers occurred later in life with higher stage, lower grade, and more estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Recent breast cancer incidence and mortality rates declined over time for men and women, but these trends were greater for women than for men. Comparing patients diagnosed from 1996 through 2005 versus 1976 through 1985, and adjusting for age, stage, and grade, cause-specific hazard rates for breast cancer death declined by 28% among men (P = .03) and by 42% among women (P approximately 0).There were three intriguing results. Age-specific incidence patterns showed that the biology of male breast cancer resembled that of late-onset female breast cancer. Similar breast cancer incidence trends among men and women suggested that there are common breast cancer risk factors that affect both sexes, especially estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Finally, breast cancer mortality and survival rates have improved significantly over time for both male and female breast cancer, but progress for men has lagged behind that for women.
Comparison of estimates and calculations of risk of coronary heart disease by doctors and nurses using different calculation tools in general practice: cross sectional study
Authors: R J McManus
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To assess the effect of using different risk calculation tools on how general practitioners and practice nurses evaluate the risk of coronary heart disease with clinical data routinely available in patients' records.Subjective estimates of the risk of coronary heart disease and results of four different methods of calculation of risk were compared with each other and a reference standard that had been calculated with the Framingham equation; calculations were based on a sample of patients' records, randomly selected from groups at risk of coronary heart disease.General practices in central England.18 general practitioners and 18 practice nurses.Agreement of results of risk estimation and risk calculation with reference calculation; agreement of general practitioners with practice nurses; sensitivity and specificity of the different methods of risk calculation to detect patients at high or low risk of coronary heart disease.Only a minority of patients' records contained all of the risk factors required for the formal calculation of the risk of coronary heart disease (concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were present in only 21%). Agreement of risk calculations with the reference standard was moderate (kappa=0.33-0.65 for practice nurses and 0.33 to 0.65 for general practitioners, depending on calculation tool), showing a trend for underestimation of risk. Moderate agreement was seen between the risks calculated by general practitioners and practice nurses for the same patients (kappa=0.47 to 0.58). The British charts gave the most sensitive results for risk of coronary heart disease (practice nurses 79%, general practitioners 80%), and it also gave the most specific results for practice nurses (100%), whereas the Sheffield table was the most specific method for general practitioners (89%).Routine calculation of the risk of coronary heart disease in primary care is hampered by poor availability of data on risk factors. General practitioners and practice nurses are able to evaluate the risk of coronary heart disease with only moderate accuracy. Data about risk factors need to be collected systematically, to allow the use of the most appropriate calculation tools.