tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary rendezvous with primary sphincteroplasty for stone extraction from an “inverse pitcher” papilla
Authors: Jayapal Ramesh, Juan Gutiérrez, Charles Wilcox
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 55-year-old Caucasian woman with common bile ductal calculus was referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after a failed procedure at another facility. Endoscopy revealed a hooded, elongated, inverse pitcher-type diverticulum with an invisible ampulla. The "trunk" of this diverticulum was at least 5 cm long ([Fig. 1]). Multiple attempts by two experienced endoscopists to identify and cannulate the ampulla were futile. Therefore, a linear array echoendocope was advanced into the duodenum, and a 9-mm bile duct with 8-mm calculus was identified. The duct was punctured with a 19-G flexible needle (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA). After contrast injection, a 0.025-inch guidewire (Visiglide, Olympus, Melville, New York, USA) was placed in the bile duct and slowly advanced through the ampulla ([Fig. 2]) [1]. Following withdrawal of the echoendoscope, the guidewire was left in situ and a duodenoscope was advanced. The duodenal portion of the guidewire was removed through the biopsy channel of the duodenoscope while the biliary end of the guidewire was advanced slowly by an assistant. A biliary brush catheter (Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, USA) was passed over the guidewire after removal of the metal brush. Contrast injection confirmed placement of the catheter tip inferior to the bile duct puncture site. Another 0.025-inch guidewire (Visiglide) was advanced through the other channel of the catheter and placed into the intrahepatic bile duct followed by removal of the rendezvous guidewire. A biliary sphincterotomy could not be carried out as the ampulla was not visible. Therefore, a primary balloon sphincteroplasty with an 8-mm balloon enabled removal of the calculus with an extraction balloon. A 10-Fr, 15-cm plastic biliary stent was then placed to protect against bile leak ([Video 1]). The patient was observed overnight and discharged without complications.
AB0420 Prevalence, risk factors and control of diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: E. Walewska, P. Gluszko, R. Rupinski, J. Istrati
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The high- grade systemic inflammation, reduced physical activity, chronic use of glucocorticosteroids (GS) and potentially other factors predispose patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to higher risk of diabetes (DM). <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the prevalence of DM in patients with RA treated in the Institute of Rheumatology in Warsaw and to determine the risk factors for diabetes like age, gender, disease activity, duration of RA, serum 25(OH)D-deficiency and use of GS. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was performed in the group of 352 RA patients (300 F, 52 M, age 57,2±14SD, a mean duration of RA was 10,62±10SD years). Clinical records were obtained and laboratory measurements were performed in the Institute of Rheumatology in Warsaw, Poland in years 2008 -2011. <h3>Results</h3> In the studied group we detected 48 (13,63%) patients with diabetes: 76% with type 2 DM, 9,5% with type 1 DM and in 14% patients with DM we found associacion with GS treatment. DM type 2 was diagnosed at 4,52±4 years after diagnosis of RA and greater incidence was found in men. In the studied group, DM type 1 precedes RA for about 12,13±5 years. In 65% of RA DM patients we detected characteristic features of pseudoscleroderma and 45% patients suffered from adhesive capsulitis of shoulder. We did not find any association with the incidence of DM and vitamin D deficiency. Higher levels (&gt;7%) of glycatedhaemoglobin (HbA1c) indicated difficulties in proper control of DM in 55% of RA DM patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The prevalence of DM in RA patients is higher (2x) as compared with an averege incidence of DM in the adult population in Poland (6,5%). Based of our data we suggest regular screening for DM among patients with RA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
P169 Rates Of Recovery Of Oxygen Consumption And Heart Rate After Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Predict Survival In Patients With Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: S. Thomson, A. Peacock, M. Johnson
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Several cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables have been shown to predict prognosis in pulmonary hypertension (PH).<sup>1</sup> Recently published data suggests that novel variables such as oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), i.e. the relationship between VO<sub>2 </sub>and log-transformed ventilation<sup>2</sup> and heart rate recovery (HRR), the rate of decline of heart rate at one minute after an incremental CPET, have been shown to predict survival in a cohort of PH patients. We aimed to study the prognostic significance of the rate of recovery of VO<sub>2 </sub>after incremental CPET alongside HRR and OUES in a large cohort of patients with precapillary PH. We hypothesised that a slower VO<sub>2 </sub>recovery would be associated with poorer survival and that we could confirm that lower HRR and OUES are significantly associated with a worse outcome. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective analysis was undertaken of data from108 incident patients who underwent CPET at the time of diagnosis of Group I or IV PH. Univariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were undertaken to assess the prognostic significance of the variables considered and the results are shown in Table 1. <h3>Results</h3> [Table 1] <h3>Conclusions</h3> The degree of VO<sub>2 </sub>recovery at 120 seconds after incremental CPET is predictive of survival in this relatively large group of patients with precapillary PH. We have also confirmed the findings seen in another centre of a significant influence of heart rate recovery and OUES on survival. Further work should focus on whether these variables provide additional prognostic information over their more traditionally studied counterparts. <h3>References</h3> Johnson MJ, Thomson SD. The role of exercise testing in the modern management of pulmonary arterial hypertension Diseases 2014;2(2):120–47 Ramos, <i>et al</i>. Exercise oxygen uptake efficiency slope independently predicts poor outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension. <i>Eur Respir J</i> 2014;43(5):1510–12
Liver Transplantation for the Treatment of Small Hepatocellular Carcinomas in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Enrico Regalia, Roberto Doci, Salvatore Andreola, Andrea Pulvirenti, Federico Bozzetti, Fabrizio Montalto, Mario Ammatuna, Alberto Morabito, Leandro Gennari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The role of orthotopic liver transplantation in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is controversial, and determining which patients are likely to have a good outcome after liver transplantation is difficult.
P223 NIV....A Kiss of Life
Authors: F Rauf, I Qureshi, A Ali
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can be a lifesaving intervention and this is recommended treatment for acute hypercapnoeic respiratory failure. However it is thought to be a distressing intervention by some patients &amp; families. We performed a survey of patient’s perception of acute ward based NIV and its effect on their symptoms. <h3>Method</h3> With a brief questionnaire we enquired patients how they felt when NIV was commenced and positive or negative effects of NIV on various symptoms. 20 consecutive patients who were admitted for acute NIV from February to April 2012 were included. A record was also made about the place where NIV was initially instituted. <h3>Findings</h3> 75% patients received NIV for COPD exacerbations. 65% patients were NIV naive. 90% of patients recalled initiation of NIV. 55% of treatments were started in emergency department (ED). 63% of ED patients and 77% of ward patients recalled that they were explained about the treatment before starting. 90% patients recognised NIV as a lifesaving intervention and 90% wanted to receive this again if needed acutely and 65% would accept domiciliary NIV if offered. 85% reported improvement in breathing, 40% felt reduction in tiredness &amp; headaches and 5% felt improvement in exercise tolerance. However 5% patients felt that NIV has actually worsened their breathing, another 5% felt that there was no improvement in symptoms at all. The commonest negative feelings were claustrophobia (45%) followed by fatigue (40%), sleeplessness (35%), inability to breathe (30%) &amp; feeling panicked (25%). Some interesting comments were, “Like being given a kiss of life” “Lifesaving piece of equipment which is not a comfort ride but it is necessary” “I know this is horrible but I shall always say go for it mate”. Interpretation: Almost all patients will feel distressing symptoms including agitation and claustrophobia in the beginning of treatment but these feelings settle very quickly and majority of them feel improvement in their key respiratory symptoms. Contrary to common perception majority will be happy to have treatment again. Patients felt that a detailed explanation and counselling before starting NIV improves compliance and successful outcome from NIV.
Abstract 1406: A new ovarian cancer metastasis model using multicellular spheroids generated from human ovarian cancers tissues
Authors: Guigin Sun, Fanliang Meng, Mei Zhong, Yanhong Yu, Weiwei Shan, Matthew Anderson, Molly A. Brewer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective Most research aimed at dissecting the mechanism by which epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) metastasizes has focused on the ability of individual cells to attach and create tumor implants. However, multicellular aggregates known as spheroids are frequently found in ovarian cancer ascites and these aggregates are increasingly thought to play an important role in metastasis not only for ovarian cancer but also other solid tumors where similar phenomena have been observed. We investigated characteristics of spheroids compared to cells grown in monolayer to further characterize these spheroids. Methods IRB approval was obtained for collection of human tissue. Fresh specimens of ovarian cancer were minced, enzymatically digested, rinsed and incubated either in DMEM to generate monolayer cultures or Mammosphere media to generate spheroids. Tumorigenicity was assessed by inoculating individual spheroids or an equal number of dissociated cells into the peritoneal cavity of SCID mice. Gene expression was examined using Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Results We found that cells from most ovarian cancers do generate spheroids and most of the spheroids generated are able to reliably induce peritoneal implants in SCID mice. At a molecular level, the spheroids were enriched for expression of specific markers including CD133, CD44, NANOG and OCT4, associated with populations of cancer initiating cells (CICs) as well as other stem cell markers. MiR-26b, characteristic of CICs, was significantly up regulated in spheroids compared to monolayer cells. Spheroids from CD133 positive cells induced ovarian and abdominal tumors in SCID mice, however, CD44 spheroids only generated localized tumor, suggesting that CD133 is important in metastasis of ovarian cancer. Conclusion Our results indicate that populations of cells from human EOC are capable of spontaneously generating multicellular aggregates that resemble the spheroids found in ovarian cancer ascites de novo. These spheroids are enriched for expression of markers including CD133, CD44, NANOG and OCT4, suggesting that spheroid formation enhances stem cell-like markers. CD133 might also serve as a necessary marker for metastasis of ovarian cancer. The increased expression of miR-26b in spheroids compared to monolayer culture is a novel finding that needs further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1406. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1406
Evaluation and Management of Traumatic Lacerations
Authors: Adam J. Singer, Judd E. Hollander, James V. Quinn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Each year in the United States, more than 12 million traumatic wounds are treated in emergency departments.1 When nonemergency or elective incisions are included, approximately 90 million skin-suturing procedures are performed each year.2 Traumatic lacerations occur most often in young men, typically on the face, scalp, and hands.3 More than 50 percent of all lacerations are caused by blunt injury that produces shear forces, and most others by sharp objects, such as metal, glass, and wood.3,4 Only a minority of wounds are caused by mammalian or nonmammalian bites.3 The ultimate goals of wound management are to avoid infection and . . .
NI-09 * HIGH RESOLUTION THREE-DIMENSIONAL HISTOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF GLIOMA SPHEROIDS AND APPLICATION IN RESEARCH
Authors: A. Bruning-Richardson, N. Roberts, D. Crellin, D. Treanor, S. Short
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastomas are highly malignant tumours characterized by an invasive phenotype, which limits response to standard treatment including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Targeting the migratory properties of glioma cells may offer an alternative means to improve disease management. We recently developed a 96 well-based in vitro collagen invasion assay to study the effect of anti-migratory drugs on glioma spheroids generated from patient derived and established cell lines. One limitation of this 3D technique is the quantitative assessment of drug activity as data is subjected to 2D analysis. Here we explored the feasibility of analysing spheroids and migratory cells using 3D image reconstruction. METHODS: Glioma spheroids (U87) were allowed to migrate into a collagen matrix over 72h and prepared for immunohistochemistry. Paraffin embedded spheroids were serially sectioned at 5 µM. A total of 50 slides per spheroid were stained using H&E for reconstruction of the whole spheroid and surrounding migratory rim. Slides were scanned with Aperio AT scanner at 20x magnification, and custom image registration software was used to generate and view 3D volumes. This software uses a novel method for slice-to-slice image registration using automatic registration algorithms custom designed for virtual slides and histopathology images RESULTS: By visualizing the fixed spheroids in 3D, we determined the number, morphology and distance traversed by migratory cells. We also ascertained differences between core and migrating cell morphology, number of cells and voxel sizes. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of generating 3D histological reconstruction of glioma spheroids and migratory cells encased in collagen including whole slide scanning, image serving, registration and visualization in one procedure. Analysis of the glioma spheroids and the migratory cells allowed the quantitative analysis of research-relevant parameters. This technology can be used to analyse migratory behavior of glioma cells and drug activity in a 3D setting.
A2.24 Plasma cell derived monoclonal anti-citrulline antibodies from ra synovial fluid are multireactive
Authors: J Steen, P Sahlström, W Ndlovu, V Odowd, L Israelsson, L Mathsson Alm, S Rapecki, M Hansson, K Amara, L Klareskog, D Lightwood, V Malmström
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Human recombinant monoclonal antibodies have previously been generated at our laboratory from isolated patient-derived memory B cells to assess the repertoire and specificity of human anti-citrulline antibodies. The aim of the current study was to access joint-derived antibody secreting plasma cells and explore the proportion of citrulline reactivity, the immunoglobulin mutation patterns and antigen reactivity patterns. Clearly these antibodies can be utilised as tools and can help dissect the contribution antibodies make towards disease manifestations. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Spontaneously IgG antibody-secreting cells (referred to as plasma cells) from synovial fluid of the inflamed joints of RA patients were isolated by a fluorescent foci method. The cells were identified and selected utilising a micromanipulator-equipped microscope. Recombinant monoclonal antibodies were generated from the isolated cells by amplification of the heavy and light chain variable antibody regions and were subsequently cloned into expression vectors. The monoclonal antibodies were screened for citrulline-reactivity by in-house ELISA or by a multiplex peptide array of RA associated antigens. <h3>Results</h3> We generated 375 IgG sequences and 101 recombinant antibodies from both ACPA+ (n = 3) and ACPA- (n = 1) patients. Four of the antibodies from ACPA+ synovial fluid displayed strong reactivity towards a citrullinated RA antigen peptide, but not to the cognate native peptide. The antibodies were multireactive to a diverse backbone with only the citrulline residue as common denominator, however with different reactivity patterns. The majority of the anti-citrulline clones are from the VH4 gene family. We found clonality within the plasma cells (including within the anti-citrulline antibodies), but also between different B cell populations. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Only a minority of the local plasma cells in the synovial fluid were autoreactive as measured by citrulline reactivity. However, the citrulline reactive plasma cells in the inflamed joint of RA patients where shown to be multireactive to several different citrulline peptides, with unique reactivity patterns. Further studies are needed to distinguish whether these plasma cells have differentiated locally in the joint. Still, it is tempting to speculate that the antibody characteristics that lead to multireactivity are driven by interaction towards several modified antigens, as has been suggested in the setting of influenza.
ECDC publishes 2013 surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption in Europe
Authors: K Weist, L Diaz Högberg
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Preview this article: ECDC publishes 2013 surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption in Europe, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/19/46/art20962-en-1.gif
Abstract 1626: Honokiol inhibits IL-8 production and exerts anti-tumor effects in colon cancer cells: therapeutic and preventive implications
Authors: Sumit Arora, Sanjeev K. Srivastava, Arun Bhardwaj, Ajay P. Singh, Gary A. Piazza, Laurie B. Owen, Seema Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a member of CXC subfamily of chemokines, plays important roles in inflammation and cancer. The biological action of IL-8 is mediated through binding to its receptors, CXCR1 (IL-8RA) and CXCR2 (IL-8RB), which are members of the seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor family. Overexpression of IL-8 has been detected in many human tumors, including colon cancer, and it is a major component of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Functional studies have shown that IL-8 acts as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor, and promotes growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance in colon cancer, implying that it could serve as a preventive and therapeutic target. In this study, we examined the effect of honokiol, a biologically active biphenolic compound isolated from the oriental medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis/grandiflora, on two colon cancer cells lines, SW620 and HCT116. Both the cell lines are highly tumorigenic and metastatic, and express high levels of IL-8. Our data demonstrated that honokiol inhibited the expression of IL-8 in both colon cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. IL-8 downregulation by honokiol was also correlated with decreased activation of its transcriptional regulator NF-κB. Honokiol treatment enhanced cytoplasmic accumulation of NF-κB with a concomitant decrease in the nuclear fraction and reduced transcriptional activity of NF-κB-responsive promoter. This was associated with decreased phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IαB-α) leading to its stabilization and enhanced cytoplasmic levels. In addition, honokiol exerted growth inhibitory effects by inducing apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Altogether, these findings suggest that honokiol could serve as a novel preventive and therapeutic agent in colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1626. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1626
P584PPARg and natriuretic peptides (NP) pathways are altered in adipose tissue from heart failure patients/ mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) as a tool to study cardiovascular metabolic disorders in vitro: Table 1
Authors: A Revittser, O Pivovarova, N Rudovich, AFH Pfeiffer, E Shlyakhto, R Dmitrieva
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background and aim: heart failure (HF) is associated with an increase of systemic and myocardial insulin resistance, decrease of metabolism of fatty acids (FA) and a shift toward glucose for ATP generation. The defects in FA oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction and/or chronic activation of NP system are proposed as the possible triggers of development of metabolic disorder in HF; however the exact mechanisms of these disorders are largely unknown. Our goal was to investigate the alterations in PPAR and NP pathways in adipose tissue from heart failure patients using cellular in vitro models. Methods: in vitro adipodenic differentiation of previously characterized adipose (AD) and bone marrow (BM) derived MMSC from healthy donors (HD; n=4) and HF patients (n=4) was done. The stimulation of adipogenesis performed as widely described. Gene expression was measured by Q-PCR at days 0, 4, 8 and 11 after stimulation. Results: expression of genes responsible for energy metabolism, glucose utilization, and NP pathway during differentiation of MMSC from AD of HF and HD is demonstrated in Table 1. Dynamics of expression of these genes during differentiation of BMMSC were very similar. Conclusion: Our data indicate that in HF both, PPAR- and NP- dependent pathways as well as glucose utilization are altered in adipose of different origin. Results are in a good accordance with data from clinical and animal studies demonstrating that fetal gene program is reactivated in failing heart. We have proved here that adipose culture system from cardiovascular patients is a relatively easy available model to study mechanisms of cardiovascular metabolic disorders in vitro, and a good tool to test how adipose tissue responds at molecular levels to different physiological and pharmacological interventions. *p<0,05 vs control; *p<0,05 vs control; (**)p<0,05 vs HD *p<0,05 vs control; *p<0,05 vs control; (**)p<0,05 vs HD
A Randomized Trial Comparing Skin Antiseptic Agents at Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Methodius G. Tuuli, Jingxia Liu, Molly J. Stout, Shannon Martin, Alison G. Cahill, Anthony O. Odibo, Graham A. Colditz, George A. Macones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Preoperative skin antisepsis has the potential to decrease the risk of surgical-site infection. However, evidence is limited to guide the choice of antiseptic agent at cesarean delivery, which is the most common major surgical procedure among women in the United States.