tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prescribing safety features of general practice computer systems: evaluation using simulated test cases
Authors: Bernard Fernando, Boki S P Savelyich, Anthony J Avery, Aziz Sheikh, Mike Bainbridge, Pete Horsfield, Sheila Teasdale
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Responses of computer systems tested for prescribing scenariosTest Prescribing scenario tested Alert produced?System A System B System C System D 1 Aspirin prescribed for child of 8 years No No No No 2 Methotrexate prescribed in pregnancy No Yes No No 3 Penicillin prescribed in patient with penicillin allergy No Yes Yes Yes 4 Oxytetracycline prescribed in a patient with renal impairment No Yes No No 5 Enalapril prescribed in patient with renal impairment No No No No 6 Microgynon 30 (combined contraceptive pill) prescribed in patient with history of deep vein thrombosis No No No No 7 Oxytetracycline prescribed in patient with serum creatinine of 160 mol/l No No No No 8 Propranolol prescribed in patient with history of heart failure No No No No 9 Sumatriptan prescribed in patient with history of coronary heart disease No No No No 10 Naproxen prescribed in patient with history of peptic ulcer disease
Similar Outcomes among Black and White Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: Karen Yeates, Natasha Wiebe, John Gill, Camelia Sima, Douglas Schaubel, David Holland, Brenda Hemmelgarn, Marcello Tonelli
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Black renal transplant recipients experience shorter graft survival than white recipients, but no published data describe the graft outcomes among black Canadian recipients. Here, we analyzed data from the Canadian national renal replacement therapy registry, which included 20,243 incident dialysis patients (3% black, 97% white), 5036 of whom received a renal transplant during the study period. Black patients were significantly less likely to receive a renal transplant (deceased and living-donor combined) when compared with white patients (hazard ratio 0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.69; P < 0.0001). Among patients who underwent a renal transplant, there was no significant difference in the likelihood of graft failure between black and white patients, even after adjustment for comorbidities and socioeconomic status; black patients, however, had significantly lower posttransplantation mortality compared with white patients (hazard ratio 0.49; 95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.88; P = 0.02). In conclusion, graft outcomes between black and white Canadian renal transplant patients are similar. Because this differs from the experience reported from the United States, further direct comparisons between the two populations is warranted.
SOME PRACTICAL POINTS IN MEDICAL RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: N. B. Harman
Journal: BMJ (1919)

£348.The small 8 lh.p.Peugeot will be fitted with electric liglhting and sold at £346 for the chassis and £461 for a touring body in France.NOTABLE MASS ASSEMBLY PROPOSITION.Undoubtedly tlhe most notable novelty yet announced on the part of Frencll makers, however, is the Citroen four-cylinder post-war velhicle, with a bore measurement of 65 mm.and a pistdn travel of 100 mm., giving an engine of 1327 c.cm. capacity, to sell, witlh standard bodies, at from £290 to £350.Thle scale of output is planned at 36,500 vellicles a year, which is the record for any European programme yet conceived.The proposition originates witlh the Andre Citroen Company, miakels of tlle well known Citroen double helical, or herring-bone, type of bevel and crown wlheel-drive geal.The car is expected to scale about 11 cwt.complete, while it is claimed that the petrol consumption will be about forty miles to the gallon.Accessibility lhas beenl had in mind, in that part of the low cost of production is to be aclieved *by the quickness witlh wlliclh tlle parts may be dismantled and assembled, so that the user is no less the gainer than the producer.Obviously, irterchangeability is aiImed at, since that is tlle only possible way of aclhieving what is atyled mass production.The gearbox provides tlhree speeds forward and a reverse, the imiaximi uin speed of the vehicle being estimated at forty miles an lhouir.Five detachable wheels, equiippEd witlh Michelin tvres, are being supplied as standard, the track of the car being about 8 in.narrower thain the average Britislh one.
Use of the Diabetes Risk Score for Opportunistic Screening of Undiagnosed Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Monica Franciosi, Giorgia De Berardis, Maria C.E. Rossi, Michele Sacco, Maurizio Belfiglio, Fabio Pellegrini, Gianni Tognoni, Miriam Valentini, Antonio Nicolucci
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate an opportunistic screening strategy addressed to individuals with one or more cardiovascular risk factor, based on the Diabetes Risk Score (DRS) as the initial instrument, for the identification of individuals with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The DRS, a simple self-administered questionnaire, was completed by individuals identified by general practitioners and presenting with one or more cardiovascular risk factor. All patients underwent a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The optimal DRS cutoff was calculated by applying the receiver-operating characteristic curve. RESULTS—Overall, 1,377 individuals aged between 55 and 75 years received an OGTT and completed the DRS. Mean DRS values showed a marked variation according to glucose metabolism categories, as follows: 8.7 ± 3.0 in normoglycemic individuals, 9.5 ± 3.1 in individuals with impaired fasting glucose, 9.9 ± 3.3 in individuals with IGT, and 12.0 ± 3.5 in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The receiver-operating characteristic curve showed that, with a cutoff of 9, the sensitivity of DRS in detecting individuals with glucose abnormalities (type 2 diabetes or IGT) was 77% and the specificity 45%. The use of the DRS as an initial screening instrument, followed by the measurement of fasting blood glucose in individuals with a score ≥9 and by the OGTT in individuals with a fasting blood glucose between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/l, would lead to the identification of 83% of the case subjects with type 2 diabetes and 57% of the case subjects with IGT, at a cost of an OGTT in 38% of the sample and a fasting blood glucose in 64%. CONCLUSIONS—The DRS can represent a valid inexpensive instrument for opportunistic screening and a useful alternative to indiscriminate fasting blood glucose measurement, not readily available in general practice.
Are patients with primary biliary cirrhosis hypermetabolic? a comparison between patients before and after liver transplantation and controls
Authors: Hilary J. Green, Peter N. Bramley, Monty S. Losowsky
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Wasting is common in end-stage primary biliary cirrhosis and causes concern in patients facing liver transplantation. We have quantified resting metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis in seven patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, in seven patients after liver transplantation who had previously been diagnosed as having primary biliary cirrhosis and in seven controls. Resting metabolic rate was elevated in the primary biliary cirrhosis group (4.44 +/- 0.81 kJ/hr/kg body wt; mean +/- S.D.) compared with the post-liver-transplantation group (3.39 +/- 0.40 kJ/hr/kg body wt) (p less than 0.005) and compared with control subjects (3.65 +/- 0.23 kJ/hr/kg body wt) (p less than 0.01). A highly significant relationship was found between the severity of liver disease in the primary biliary cirrhosis group, as assessed by Child-Pugh score, and the resting metabolic rate group (r = 0.93; p less than 0.005). After a liquid meal (41 kJ/kg body wt), the metabolic rate increased, with similar peak changes from baseline occurring in all three groups. However, the rise persisted significantly longer in the primary biliary cirrhosis patients, and thus the integrated mean postprandial energy expenditure over the 4-hr postprandial observation period was greater in the primary biliary cirrhosis group than in the other two groups (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical, molecular, and cellular immunologic findings in patients with SP110-associated veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Simon T. Cliffe, Donald B. Bloch, Santi Suryani, Erik-Jan Kamsteeg, Danielle T. Avery, Umaimainthan Palendira, Joseph A. Church, Brynn K. Wainstein, Antonino Trizzino, Gérard Lefranc, Carlo Akatcherian, André Megarbané, Christian Gilissen, Despina Moshous, Janine Reichenbach, Siraj Misbah, Uli Salzer, Mario Abinun, Peck Y. Ong, Polina Stepensky, Ezia Ruga, John B. Ziegler, Melanie Wong, Stuart G. Tangye, Robert Lindeman, Michael F. Buckley, Tony Roscioli
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Liver biopsy: "blind" or under ultrasound control Reply
Authors: I M MURRAY-LYON
Journal: Gut (2001)

Editor,—We wish to comment on the paper by Shah et al ((1999) Gut 45:628–9; [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]) and subsequent correspondence ((2000) Gut 47:455–455.[OpenUrl][5][CrossRef][6][PubMed][7][Web of Science][8]) from Aspinall. The case for the superior safety of ultrasound guided liver biopsy has not yet been proved and the British Society of Gastroenterology Guidelines (1999) do not advocate this as routine best practice. Perforation of the gall bladder is a very rare complication (eight times in 68 276 biopsies in the series reported by Piccinino and colleagues1) and one of us has seen the records of a case in which the gall bladder was punctured at liver biopsy done under real time ultrasound guidance. No technique is entirely … R Playford. r.playford{at}ic.ac.uk [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bhepatology%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BHepatol%26rft.aulast%253DPiccinino%26rft.auinit1%253DF.%26rft.volume%253D2%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D165%26rft.epage%253D173%26rft.atitle%253DComplications%2Bfollowing%2Bpercutaneous%2Bliver%2Bbiopsy.%2BA%2Bmulticentre%2Bretrospective%2Bstudy%2Bon%2B68%252C276%2Bbiopsies.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0168-8278%252886%252980075-7%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F3958472%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0168-8278(86)80075-7&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=3958472&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F49%2F1%2F157.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1986A705300003&link_type=ISI [5]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DHepatology%2B%2528Baltimore%252C%2BMd.%2529%26rft.stitle%253DHepatology%26rft.aulast%253DLindor%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%26rft.volume%253D23%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D1079%26rft.epage%253D1083%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Brole%2Bof%2Bultrasonography%2Band%2Bautomatic-needle%2Bbiopsy%2Bin%2Boutpatient%2Bpercutaneous%2Bliver%2Bbiopsy%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1002%252Fhep.510230522%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8621137%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [6]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/hep.510230522&link_type=DOI [7]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=8621137&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F49%2F1%2F157.atom [8]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1996UJ44300022&link_type=ISI
Myelodysplastic syndromes standardized response criteria: further definition
Authors: Bruce D. Cheson, John M. Bennett, Hagop Kantarjian, Charles A. Schiffer, Stephen D. Nimer, Bob Löwenberg, Richard M. Stone, Moshe Mittelman, Guillermo F. Sanz, Pierre W. Wijermans, Peter L. Greenberg
Journal: Blood (2001)
Novel G-protein-coupled receptor-like proteins in the plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea
Authors: Resham D Kulkarni, Michael R Thon, Huaqin Pan, Ralph A Dean
Journal: Genome biology (2005)

Abstract Background The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the largest protein families in human and other animal genomes, but no more than 10 GPCRs have been characterized in fungi. Do fungi contain only this handful or are there more receptors to be discovered? We asked this question using the recently sequenced genome of the fungal plant pathogen Magnaporthe grisea . Results Proteins with significant similarity to fungus-specific and other eukaryotic GPCRs were identified in M. grisea . These included homologs of known fungal GPCRs, the cAMP receptors from Dictyostelium , and a steroid receptor mPR. We also identified a novel class of receptors typified by PTH11, a cell-surface integral membrane protein required for pathogenicity. PTH11 has seven transmembrane regions and an amino-terminal extracellular cysteine-rich EGF-like domain (CFEM domain), a characteristic also seen in human GPCRs. Sixty-one PTH11-related proteins were identified in M. grisea that shared a common domain with homologs in Neurospora crassa and other fungi belonging to this subphylum of the Ascomycota (the Pezizomycotina). None was detected in other fungal groups (Basidiomycota or other Ascomycota subphyla, including yeasts) or any other eukaryote. The subclass of PTH11 containing the CFEM domain is highly represented in M. grisea . Conclusion In M. grisea we identified homologs of known GPCRs and a novel class of GPCR-like receptors specific to filamentous ascomycetes. A member of this new class, PTH11, is required for pathogenesis, thus suggesting roles in pathogenicity for other members. The identified classes constitute the largest number of GPCR-like proteins reported in fungi to date.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Th17 Signature of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Eric Gracey, YuChen Yao, Blerta Green, Zoya Qaiyum, Yuriy Baglaenko, Aifeng Lin, Ammepa Anton, Renise Ayearst, Paul Yip, Robert D. Inman
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

To identify an immunologic basis for the male sex bias in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Cohorts of male and female patients with AS and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were selected, and the levels of serum cytokines (interferon-γ [IFNγ], tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-17A [IL-17A], and IL-6) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the frequencies of Th1 and Th17 cells were assessed by flow cytometry, and whole blood gene expression was analyzed using both microarray and NanoString approaches.The frequency of IL-17A and Th17 cells, both of which are key factors in the inflammatory Th17 axis, was elevated in male patients with AS but not in female patients with AS. In contrast, AS-associated alterations in the Th1 axis, such as the frequency of IFNγ and Th1 cells in serum, were independent of a patient's sex. Results of microarray analysis supported an altered Th17 axis in male patients, with a specific increase in IL17RA. In addition, male and female patients with AS displayed shared gene expression patterns, while male patients with AS had additional alterations in gene expression that were not seen in female patients with AS. The differential sex-related immune profiles were independent of HLA-B27 status, clinical disease activity (as measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), or treatment (with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or biologic agents), implicating intrinsic sexual dimorphism in AS.The results of this study demonstrate distinct sexual dimorphism in the activation status of the immune system in patients with AS, particularly in the Th17 axis. This dimorphism could underlie sex-related differences in the clinical features of AS and could provide a rationale for sex-specific treatment of AS.
A4.13 Osteoporosis in patients with carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: S Barreira, D Carmona-Fernandes, A Castro, P Santos, A Nicolau Fernandes, L M Pedro, H Canhão, J E Fonseca, M J Santos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Individuals with cardiovascular (CV) disease have a higher risk of fragility fractures and individuals with low bone mineral density (BMD) have more CV events and higher mortality. In spite of sharing many risk factors, OP and atherosclerosis are thought to have common pathophysiological pathways. Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, vitamin D, and homocysteine are among the putative mechanisms linking the two diseases. Our main objectives were to determine if BMD in patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis is different from the expected taking into account gender, age, and OP risk factors. Secondarily, we evaluated the association between atherosclerosis and BMD regardless of common risk factors and determined the relationship between homocysteine and 25OHD levels and BMD. <h3>Methods</h3> A clinical protocol for OP and CV risk factors evaluation, blood sample collection, Doppler ultrasound and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were performed in a group of 73 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Uni and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate the association between the two diseases, adjusting to relevant confounders and covariates whenever needed. <h3>Results</h3> The sample has 49 (67.1%) males, the average age is 69.6 ± 9.1 years. Carotid stenosis percentage is in average 85.2 ± 9.0% and BMD is 0.883 ± 0.148 g/cm<sup>2</sup>. The average t-score is -1.32 ± 1.23, which is significantly lower than one standard deviation (p = 0.039). 19.2% of patients have osteoporosis and 43.8% have osteopenia. BMD was not different from the expected for gender and age. 60.6% of patients have 25OHD deficiency, 31.8% have 25OHD insufficiency and 7.6% have normal values of 25OHD. Patients with lower BMD than normal did not differ from patients with normal BMD in any CV variable evaluated. There is no correlation between BMD and carotid stenosis percentage, homocysteine, or 25OHD. Homocysteine levels are statistically significantly associated with osteoporosis diagnosis (OR 1.159; 95% CI 1.001-1.343; p = 0.049), in a logistic regression adjusted for gender and age. Furthermore, homocysteine correlates with the 10-year probability of CV disease death. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with severe carotid stenosis are significantly in the stage of osteopenia, but they don’t have a lower BMD than the expected taking into account gender and age. Homocysteine can be a marker for both cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Although there is no significant correlation between stenosis percentage and BMD and vitamin D levels, the relationship between these variables tends to be negative.
Anaerobic killing of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa by acidified nitrite derivatives under cystic fibrosis airway conditions
Authors: S. S. Yoon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Mucoid, mucA mutant Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and are refractory to phagocytosis and antibiotics. Here we show that mucoid bacteria perish during anaerobic exposure to 15 mM nitrite (NO2–) at pH 6.5, which mimics CF airway mucus. Killing required a pH lower than 7, implicating formation of nitrous acid (HNO2) and NO, that adds NO equivalents to cellular molecules. Eighty-seven percent of CF isolates possessed mucA mutations and were killed by HNO2 (3-log reduction in 4 days). Furthermore, antibiotic-resistant strains determined were also equally sensitive to HNO2. More importantly, HNO2 killed mucoid bacteria (a) in anaerobic biofilms; (b) in vitro in ultrasupernatants of airway secretions derived from explanted CF patient lungs; and (c) in mouse lungs in vivo in a pH-dependent fashion, with no organisms remaining after daily exposure to HNO2 for 16 days. HNO2 at these levels of acidity and NO2– also had no adverse effects on cultured human airway epithelia in vitro. In summary, selective killing by HNO2 may provide novel insights into the important clinical goal of eradicating mucoid P. aeruginosa from the CF airways.
Respiratory effects of occupational exposures in a milk powder factory
Authors: P. Sripaiboonkij, W. Phanprasit, M. S. Jaakkola
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Ingestion of milk powder is a known cause of allergies in children, but the risks to respiratory health from exposure to inhaled milk powder have not been studied previously. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of occupational exposures in a milk powder factory on respiratory symptoms and lung function. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 milk powder factory workers (response rate 77%) and 76 office workers (73%) from four factories in Thailand. All participants answered a questionnaire and performed spirometry. Measurements of concentrations of dust were used to give additional information on exposures. Mean respirable dust concentrations in the factory were 0.02–2.18 mg·m<sup>−3</sup>. The risk of breathlessness and nasal symptoms were significantly increased in production and packing staff. The risk of skin symptoms was significantly increased in those adding vitamin mixture to milk powder. Factory workers showed significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second measured as percentage of predicted value. The present study provides new evidence that workers exposed to milk powder by inhalation are at an increased risk of nasal symptoms, wheezing and breathlessness, and exhibit reduced spirometric lung function, even at relatively low air concentrations of milk dust.
Analysis of Philadelphia chromosome-negative BCR-ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia by hypermetaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: D. Seong, H.M. Kantarjian, M. Albitar, R. Arlinghaus, J. Xu, M. Talpaz, M.B. Rios, J. Qiang Guo, S. O'Brien, M. Siciliano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)
IL-33 is overexpressed in the inflamed arteries of patients with giant cell arteritis
Authors: Francesco Ciccia, Riccardo Alessandro, Aroldo Rizzo, Stefania Raimondo, AnnaRita Giardina, Francesca Raiata, Luigi Boiardi, Alberto Cavazza, Giuliana Guggino, Giacomo De Leo, Carlo Salvarani, Giovanni Triolo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To study the expression of interleukin (IL)-33 and to evaluate its relationship with macrophage polarisation in artery biopsy specimens from patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). <h3>Methods</h3> IL-33, ST2, p-STAT-6 and perivascular IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (p-IRAK1) tissue distribution was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and CD163 were also used by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the M1 and M2 polarisation, respectively. Quantitative gene expression analysis of IL-33, T-helper (Th)2-related transcription factor STAT6, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-25) and interferon (IFN)-γ was performed in artery biopsy samples obtained from 20 patients with GCA and 15 controls. Five additional patients who had received prednisone when the temporal artery biopsy was performed were also enrolled. <h3>Results</h3> IFN-γ and IL-33 were significantly overexpressed in the inflamed arteries of GCA patients. IL-33 overexpression was not accompanied by a concomitant increase of Th2 cytokines. Neovessels scattered through the inflammatory infiltrates were the main sites of IL-33 expression. The expression of IL-33 receptor ST2 and of p-IRAK1 was also increased in GCA patients. Arteries from glucocorticoid-treated patients had a lower expression of IL-33. IL-33 was accompanied by the expression of p-STAT6 and a clear M2 macrophages polarisation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A role for IL-33 in the inflammation of GCA patients is supported by these findings.
Uncommon chronic cough caused by tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica
Authors: Ying-Chun Chien, Hao-Chien Wang, Yeun-Chung Chang, Yen-Fu Chen
Journal: Thorax (2012)

A 61-year-old non-smoking man, presented at our clinic with a 5-year history of chronic dry cough. He had undergone medication with antitussive agents for several years, but the drugs showed little therapeutic response. Chest radiographs did not show any apparent pulmonary parenchymal lesion, except for mildly higher density and irregularity over the tracheal border (figure 1A,B). CT scans showed diffuse submucosal calcified nodules protruding …