tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcome at 8 Years After Breast-Conserving Surgery and Radiation Therapy for Invasive Breast Cancer: Influence of Margin Status and Systemic Therapy on Local Recurrence
Authors: Catherine C. Park, Michihide Mitsumori, Asa Nixon, Abram Recht, James Connolly, Rebecca Gelman, Barbara Silver, Stella Hetelekidis, Anthony Abner, Jay R. Harris, Stuart J. Schnitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

To examine the relationship between pathologic margin status and outcome at 8 years after breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy.The study population comprised 533 patients with International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage I or II breast cancer who had assessable margins, who received at least 60 Gy to the primary tumor bed, and who had more than 8 years of potential follow-up. Each margin was scored (according to the presence of invasive or in situ disease that touched the inked surgical margin) as one of the following: negative, close, focally positive, or extensively positive. Outcome at 8 years was calculated using crude rates of first site of failure. A polychotomous logistic regression analysis was performed. Median follow-up time was 127 months.At 8 years, patients with close margins and those with negative margins both had a rate of local recurrence (LR) of 7%. Patients with extensively positive margins had an LR rate of 27%, whereas patients with focally positive margins had an intermediate rate of LR of 14%. In the polychotomous logistic regression model, margin status and the use of systemic therapy were the only two variables that had significant effects on the risk ratio of LR to remaining alive and free of disease. Among the 45 patients with focally positive margins who received systemic therapy, the crude LR rate was 7% at 8 years (95% confidence interval, 1% to 20%).Pathologic margin status and the use of adjuvant systemic therapy are the most important factors associated with LR among patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy.
Modulation of ION Channels in Neurons and Other Cells
Authors: I B Levitan
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1988)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Pulmonary thromboembolism in childhood leukemia: 8-years' experience in a pediatric hematology center.
Authors: C Uderzo, P Faccini, A Rovelli, M Arosio, P F Marchi, A Riva, G Marraro, A Balduzzi, G Masera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

To assess the occurrence and possible causes of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in children with hematologic malignancies evaluated in a single pediatric hematology center.Four hundred fifty-two patients admitted for leukemia in different stages of disease were evaluated whenever they presented with PTE-related acute respiratory failure (ARF). Diagnosis was based on a perfusional lung scan and a digital pulmonary angiography in most cases. When necessary, patients with ARF were transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) for cardiorespiratory monitoring and support. Thrombolytic treatment was usually performed with urokinase at a loading dose of 2,000 to 4,560 IU/kg as single bolus followed by 2,000 to 4,530 IU/kg/h for 12 to 42 hours. Before thrombolytic therapy was discontinued, heparin was started at a daily dose of 100 to 500 IU/kg as a continuous infusion and continued for 6 to 26 days.Twelve of 452 children developed 17 PTE episodes, which were resolved completely after appropriate therapy in 15 cases. Univariate analysis showed a statistical correlation between PTE and the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (P < .001). No major bleeding was observed after thrombolytic treatment.Our findings indicate that PTE is not an extremely rare event in children with leukemia and should be ruled out when sudden tachypnea develops in patients with risk factors such as previous tumor lysis, central venous catheter (CVC) malfunction, coagulation abnormalities, and drug-induced pulmonary toxicity. Complete resolution of PTE may be obtained in a high proportion of cases with early diagnosis and proper treatment.
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in People With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: John B. Buse, Henry N. Ginsberg, George L. Bakris, Nathaniel G. Clark, Fernando Costa, Robert Eckel, Vivian Fonseca, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Scott Grundy, Richard W. Nesto, Michael P. Pignone, Jorge Plutzky, Daniel Porte, Rita Redberg, Kimberly F. Stitzel, Neil J. Stone
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) have each published guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention: the ADA has issued separate recommendations for each of the cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes, and the AHA has shaped primary and secondary guidelines that extend to patients with diabetes. This statement will attempt to harmonize the recommendations of both organizations where possible but will recognize areas in which AHA and ADA recommendations differ.
Blood eosinophils and inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-2 agonist efficacy in COPD
Authors: Ian D Pavord, Sally Lettis, Nicholas Locantore, Steve Pascoe, Paul W Jones, Jadwiga A Wedzicha, Neil C Barnes
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> We performed a review of studies of fluticasone propionate (FP)/salmeterol (SAL) (combination inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA)) in patients with COPD, which measured baseline (pretreatment) blood eosinophil levels, to test whether blood eosinophil levels ≥2% were associated with a greater reduction in exacerbation rates with ICS therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> Three studies of ≥1-year duration met the inclusion criteria. Moderate and severe exacerbation rates were analysed according to baseline blood eosinophil levels (&lt;2% vs ≥2%). At baseline, 57–75% of patients had ≥2% blood eosinophils. Changes in FEV<sub>1</sub> and St George9s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores were compared by eosinophil level. <h3>Results</h3> For patients with ≥2% eosinophils, FP/SAL was associated with significant reductions in exacerbation rates versus tiotropium (INSPIRE: n=719, rate ratio (RR)=0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.92, p=0.006) and versus placebo (TRISTAN: n=1049, RR=0.63, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.79, p&lt;0.001). No significant difference was seen in the &lt;2% eosinophil subgroup in either study (INSPIRE: n=550, RR=1.18, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.51, p=0.186; TRISTAN: n=354, RR=0.99, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.47, p=0.957, respectively). In SCO30002 (n=373), no significant effects were observed (FP or FP/SAL vs placebo). No relationship was observed in any study between eosinophil subgroup and treatment effect on FEV<sub>1</sub> and SGRQ. <h3>Discussion</h3> Baseline blood eosinophil levels may represent an informative marker for exacerbation reduction with ICS/LABA in patients with COPD and a history of moderate/severe exacerbations.
Psychological Predisposition to Life-Threatening Arrhythmias
Authors: P Reich
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1985)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Incidence of Oral Candidiasis Among Patients with Asthma Receiving Fluticasone Propionate / Salmeterol Dry Powder Inhaler Versus Beclomethasone Dipropionate Hydrofluoroakane: Large-Scale Retrospective Claims Analysis
Authors: Stephen P. Peters, Michael Benninger, Cheryl S. Hankin, Zhaohui Wang, Amy Bronstone, Philip Buck, Mark S. Lepore
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Abstract 9111: The ATP-binding Cassette Transporter BCRP1/ABCG2 Plays a Pivotal Role in Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction via Modulation of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Survival and Function
Authors: Yasutomi Higashikuni, Julie Sainz, Kazuto Nakamura, Minoru Takaoka, Soichiro Enomoto, Hiroshi Iwata, Makoto Sahara, Kimie Tanaka, Ryozo Nagai, Masataka Sata
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  The ATP-binding cassette transporter BCRP1/ABCG2 has been shown to be expressed in various normal organs including the heart, and has been suggested to regulate several tissue defense mechanisms via modulation of survival and function of BCRP1/ABCG2-expressing cells besides active efflux of toxins. However, its physiological significance in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI) remains unknown.   Methods and Results:  Immunohistochemistry showed that BCRP1/ABCG2 was mainly expressed in endothelial cells of microvessels in the heart. MI was induced in 8- to 12-week-old wild-type (WT) and Bcrp1/Abcg2 knock-out (KO) mice by ligating the left anterior descending artery. In the absence of MI, cardiac function and morphology did not differ between WT and KO mice. At 28 days after MI, survival rate was significantly lower in KO mice than in WT mice mainly due to cardiac rupture (28.3%, n=60, versus 74.5%, n=51, p   Conclusions:  BCRP1/ABCG2 plays a pivotal role in cardiac repair after MI via modulation of microvascular endothelial cell survival and function. BCRP1/ABCG2 might be of interest for a therapeutic target to improve post-MI outcomes.
Return to sport after open and microdiscectomy surgery versus conservative treatment for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Michael P Reiman, Jonathan Sylvain, Janice K Loudon, Adam Goode
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background Lumbar disc herniation has a prevalence of up to 58% in the athletic population. Lumbar discectomy is a common surgical procedure to alleviate pain and disability in athletes. We systematically reviewed the current clinical evidence regarding athlete return to sport (RTS) following lumbar discectomy compared to conservative treatment. Methods A computer-assisted literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PEDro, OVID and PubMed databases (from inception to August 2015) was utilised using keywords related to lumbar disc herniation and surgery. The design of this systematic review was developed using the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA ). Methodological quality of individual studies was assessed using the Downs and Black scale (0–16 points). Results The search strategy revealed 14 articles. Downs and Black quality scores were generally low with no articles in this review earning a high-quality rating, only 5 articles earning a moderate quality rating and 9 of the 14 articles earning a low-quality rating. The pooled RTS for surgical intervention of all included studies was 81% (95% CI 76% to 86%) with significant heterogeneity (I 2 =63.4%, p&lt;0.001) although pooled estimates report only 59% RTS at same level. Pooled analysis showed no difference in RTS rate between surgical (84% (95% CI 77% to 90%)) and conservative intervention (76% (95% CI 56% to 92%); p=0.33). Conclusions Studies comparing surgical versus conservative treatment found no significant difference between groups regarding RTS. Not all athletes that RTS return at the level of participation they performed at prior to surgery. Owing to the heterogeneity and low methodological quality of included studies, rates of RTS cannot be accurately determined.
Combined modality treatment with primary CHOP chemotherapy followed by locoregional irradiation in stage I or II histologically aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Authors: C Tondini, M Zanini, F Lombardi, C Bengala, A Rocca, R Giardini, R Buzzoni, P Valagussa, G Bonadonna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE A single-center, prospective, nonrandomized trial was conducted to evaluate therapeutic results of a short-term program of chemotherapy followed by locoregional radiotherapy in stage I or II intermediate/aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1985 to 1990, 183 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of NHL (Working Formulation [WF] E through J excluding Burkitt's type), Ann Arbor stage I or II, and no more than three sites of disease involvement were treated with four cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy (six cycles in partial responders). Radiation therapy to initial sites of disease involvement (40 to 44 Gy) and to proximal uninvolved nodal region (36 Gy) was delivered shortly after completion of the chemotherapy program. RESULTS The complete remission (CR) rate was 98% at the end of combined therapy. Diagnostic excision of all measurable disease was performed in 33% of patients. In the remaining patients, 87% achieved CR with chemotherapy and 11% with radiation therapy, while three patients failed to achieve CR. After a median follow-up of 51 months, 26 patients have relapsed and 25 have died. The 5-year relapse-free and total survival rates were 83%. Aside from age older than 60 years, no other factor such as histology, stage, extranodal disease, bulky lymphoma, or abnormal lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) could predict for treatment outcome. There was a trend toward higher relapse rate for patients achieving CR at the time of radiation therapy (31%) as opposed to patients achieving CR with chemotherapy (15%) or with initial surgery (10%). Treatment was well tolerated and no deaths due to acute toxicity were observed. CONCLUSION For patients who present with limited-stage, aggressive NHL, a short course of CHOP chemotherapy followed by locoregional irradiation is safe, highly effective, and curative for most. Therefore, at the present time this approach can be regarded as standard therapy for these patients.
Transmission of Signals from the T Lymphocyte Antigen Receptor to the Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation and Immune Function: The Missing Link
Authors: K S Ullman, J P Northrop, C L Verweij, G R Crabtree
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1990)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Startle, Categorical Response, and Attention in Acoustic Behavior of Insects
Authors: R R Hoy
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1989)

There are three categories of auditory behavior  are often considered to be the province of psychophysicists and neurobiologists who study higher mammals, including humans, for which behavioral analogs might be expected to be found in insects. These behaviors are (a) categorical pcrception, (b) acoustic startle, and (c) selective attention. Categorical perception can be defined as the behavioral segmentation of a stimulus  varies continuously along some physical parameter. For example, in the case of sound, sharp behavioral (or perceptual) boundaries  define distinctly different behavioral acts can be drawn along the dimension of spectral frequency. Acoustic startle can be defined as a short-latency, characteristic sequence of muscle contractions, elicited by the sudden onset of a sound, especially one  is loud, unexpected, and potentially threatening. Selective attention has been defined as that process by which an organism chooses to deal more effectively with one type of sensory stimulus at the expense of other stimuli (Robinson & Petersen 1986). J present evidence  with appropriate amendments of definition to take into account surplus meaning (cognitive implications) in the original con­ cepts as applied to humans, categorical perception, acoustic startle, and selective attention can be studied in such creatures of modest behavioral means as crickets, moths, praying mantises, and green lacewings.
Learning and Memory in Honeybees: From Behavior to Neural Substrates
Authors: R Menzel, U Muller
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1996)

Learning and memory in honeybees is analyzed on five levels, using a top-down approach. (a) Observatory learning is applied during navigation and dance communication. (b) Local cues at the feeding site are learned associatively. (c) Classical conditioning of the proboscis extension response to olfactory stimuli provides insight into behavioral, neural, and neuropharmacological mechanisms of associative learning. (d) At the neural level, the pathways coding the conditioned and the unconditioned stimulus are identified. The reinforcing function of the unconditioned stimulus is traced to a particular neuron. (e) At the cellular level, the cAMP pathway is found to be critically involved. Nitric oxide is an essential mediator for the transfer from short- to long-term memory.
Hexyl-5-aminolaevulinate 0·2% vs. methyl-5-aminolaevulinate 16% daylight photodynamic therapy for treatment of actinic keratoses: results of a randomized double-blinded pilot trial
Authors: N. Neittaanmäki-Perttu, M. Grönroos, T.T. Karppinen, T.T. Tani, E. Snellman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)
Effects of radiation on ovarian function in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group.
Authors: M R Hamre, L L Robison, M E Nesbit, H N Sather, A T Meadows, J A Ortega, G J D'Angio, G D Hammond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

The Childrens Cancer Study Group has assessed serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and pubertal development in 97 long-term female survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). All patients received identical induction and maintenance therapy with either 18 or 24 Gy of radiation therapy (RT) to one of the following fields: cranial, craniospinal, or craniospinal plus 12 Gy abdominal RT including the ovaries. Thirty-six percent (35 patients) were found to have above normal levels of FSH and/or LH. The percentages of elevated values for RT fields were 93% for craniospinal plus abdominal RT, 49% for craniospinal RT, and 9% for cranial RT (P less than .001). A dose-response relationship was observed between 18 Gy and 24 Gy in females receiving only craniospinal RT (P = .01). Craniospinal plus abdominal RT and abnormal FSH/LH levels were significantly associated with lack of pubertal development and delayed onset of menses. Duration of maintenance chemotherapy was not associated with abnormal gonadotropin levels or the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Additional follow-up of this cohort is needed to establish the ultimate pubertal development and fertility of these patients.
The High Stakes of Postoperative<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection
Authors: Paul K. Waltz, Brian S. Zuckerbraun
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Histamine as a Neuroregulator
Authors: G D Prell, J P Green
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1986)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Integrating with Neurons
Authors: D A Robinson
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1989)

says that y is the time integral of x. This mathematical operation occurs in the central nervous system and is the subject of this review. The review concentrates on the integrator of the vestibulo-ocular reflex as a prominent example, offers a model of how integration might be done by neurons, and speculates about the extent to which neural integrators occur elsewhere in motor control. Integration describes physical processes all around us: The volume of a fluid (blood) in a container (ventricle) is the integral of the inflow (venous return); the position of the shaft of a d.c. motor is the integral of the current applied to its armature. These examples, however, are just statements of physics. They are not examples of devices deliberately constructed by nature or technology to integrate a signal to achieve some desired end. Such devices are not very visible in our world. One exception is attached to the back of our houses, it measures the energy we use by integrating our power consumption, but most integrators hide in boxes that operate cranes, fly airplanes, orient satellites, and so on. In these examples, the integrators are usually located in negative feed­ back control systems. Their value there, to oversimplify, is that integrators have very large gains at low frequencies, making controllers very accurate