tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of plasma triiodothyronine sulfate in rats treated with propylthiouracil.
Authors: M Rutgers, F Bonthuis, W W de Herder, T J Visser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Triiodothyronine sulfate (T3S) is rapidly deiodinated by the propylthiouracil (PTU)-sensitive type I deiodinase. Here we examined the effects of PTU on plasma T3S levels in rats after intravenous administration of radiolabeled T3 or T3S. Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to quantify conjugated and nonconjugated iodothyronines, and iodide was measured as the TCA-soluble radioactivity. In control rats, radioiodide was the main metabolite of both T3 and T3S. Plasma T3S was cleared more rapidly than plasma T3 despite increased binding to plasma proteins. PTU reduced plasma iodide levels by 66 and 78% after T3 and T3S, respectively, and decreased plasma clearance of T3S by 81%. However, PTU had no effect on plasma T3 clearance but increased plasma T3S from injected T3 4.2 times. Biliary excretion of injected T3S was less than 20% in normal rats, in contrast to 70% within 4 h in PTU-treated rats. In conclusion, T3S is an important intermediate in the in vivo metabolism of T3 in rats and accumulates in plasma if type I deiodination is inhibited.
Early jaundice after open-heart surgery
Authors: E. Lockey, N. McIntyre, D. N. Ross, E. Brookes, M. F. Sturridge
Journal: Thorax (1967)

Two hundred and thirty-two patients subjected to open-heart surgery have been analysed regarding early post-operative jaundice. The overall incidence of jaundice was 13%, being 55% where the mitral valve and 5% where the aortic valve was predominantly involved. Only one out of 59 patients in whom a congenital lesion was repaired became jaundiced. Hyperbilirubinaemia without jaundice was common. The biochemical pattern of the jaundice was singularly constant, the most striking feature being the rise in serum bilirubin level. The highest value occurred between the second and tenth post-operative days. At total levels less than about 4 mg./100 ml. the unconjugated fraction usually equalled or exceeded the conjugated. The alkaline phosphatase was normal in the first post-operative week but was sometimes slightly raised in the second, when the bilirubin levels were usually falling. The S.G.P.T. was normal or very slightly raised. Bilirubinuria was present. Centrilobular congestion with no evidence of extrahepatic biliary obstruction was found at post-mortem examination, and liver biopsy in three very severely jaundiced patients revealed only intrahepatic cholestasis. Pre-operative evidence of liver dysfunction was found in 13 patients who subsequently became jaundiced. Twelve had lesions predominantly affecting the mitral valve. Haemolysis, heart failure, and infection probably all played a part, and the effect of operation <i>per se</i> on liver function has been discussed. Drugs and viral hepatitis do not seem implicated in our patients. Maintenance of lower venous pressures in the post-operative period and the use of less blood reduced both the incidence and severity of jaundice.
Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography criteria to diagnose autoimmune pancreatitis: an international multicentre study
Authors: A. Sugumar, M. J. Levy, T. Kamisawa, G. J M Webster, M.-H. Kim, F. Enders, Z. Amin, T. H. Baron, M. H. Chapman, N. I. Church, J. E. Clain, N. Egawa, G. J. Johnson, K. Okazaki, R. K. Pearson, S. P. Pereira, B. T. Petersen, S. Read, R. P. Sah, N. S. Sandanayake, N. Takahashi, M. D. Topazian, K. Uchida, S. S. Vege, S. T. Chari
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Characteristic pancreatic duct changes on endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) have been described in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). The performance characteristics of ERP to diagnose AIP were determined. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was done in two phases. In phase I, 21 physicians from four centres in Asia, Europe and the USA, unaware of the clinical data or diagnoses, reviewed 40 preselected ERPs of patients with AIP (n=20), chronic pancreatitis (n=10) and pancreatic cancer (n=10). Physicians noted the presence or absence of key pancreatographic features and ranked the diagnostic possibilities. For phase II, a teaching module was created based on features found most useful in the diagnosis of AIP by the four best performing physicians in phase I. After a washout period of 3 months, all physicians reviewed the teaching module and reanalysed the same set of ERPs, unaware of their performance in phase I. <h3>Results</h3> In phase I the sensitivity, specificity and interobserver agreement of ERP alone to diagnose AIP were 44, 92 and 0.23, respectively. The four key features of AIP identified in phase I were (i) long (&gt;1/3 the length of the pancreatic duct) stricture; (ii) lack of upstream dilatation from the stricture (&lt;5 mm); (iii) multiple strictures; and (iv) side branches arising from a strictured segment. In phase II the sensitivity (71%) of ERP significantly improved (p&lt;0.05) without a significant decline in specificity (83%) (p&gt;0.05); the interobserver agreement was fair (0.40). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The ability to diagnose AIP based on ERP features alone is limited but can be improved with knowledge of some key features.
SKUP<sup>3</sup>: a major step forward in sleep surgery research
Authors: Eric J Kezirian
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Positive airway pressure is recognised as the first-line treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in many countries because of its low risks and high efficacy. Unfortunately, between 30% and 40% of OSA patients cannot tolerate positive airway pressure1 ,2 and may consider other options, including surgery. The most common surgical treatment is isolated palate surgery (often one of the available uvulopalatopharyngoplasty techniques, with tonsillectomy for patients with palatine tonsils). Palate surgery has demonstrated improvements in measures of sleep-disordered breathing severity, such as the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI),3 and has been associated with clinical benefits, such as improved quality of life,4 reduction in cardiovascular events5 and decreased mortality6 in cohort studies. However, the role of palate surgery (really, all surgery) remains controversial, because surgical outcomes can vary widely.

Browaldh and colleagues present the largest randomised trial comparing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and tonsillectomy to observation alone for the treatment of moderate to severe OSA. With subjects who were primarily men, and had failed positive airway pressure and mandibular repositioning devices, …
Combination Therapies With Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hannele Yki-Järvinen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) demonstrated that intensive glucose control with insulin or sulfonylureas markedly reduces the risk of microvascular complications (1). For myocardial infarction, the reduction in risk (16% for a 0.9% decrease in HbA1c) was of borderline significance but corresponded closely to epidemiological predictions (14% decrease for a 1% drop in HbA1c) (2). These data demonstrated that neither insulin nor sulfonylureas, despite causing hyperinsulinemia and weight gain, have adverse effects on cardiovascular outcome. Glycemic control deteriorated continuously, however, even in intensively treated patients in the UKPDS (1).

In the UKPDS, the worsening of glycemic control has been attributed to the natural course of type 2 diabetes and lack of efficacy of current antihyperglycemic therapies (1). Insulin therapy consisted of a single injection of ultralente or isophane insulin. If the daily dose exceeded 14 U, regular insulin was added and home-glucose monitoring was encouraged (1). Combination therapy regimens with insulin and oral agents were not used. We now know that 14 U of long-acting insulin is insufficient to control fasting glycemia in most type 2 diabetic patients (3). Since 1977, when the UKPDS was started, several studies have tried to define the optimal insulin treatment regimen for type 2 diabetic patients. These studies are the focus of this review and include studies comparing insulin alone to combination therapy with insulin and sulfonylureas (subject to meta-analyses in 1991 and 1992) (4,5) and more recent trials using metformin, glitazones, or acarbose in insulin combination therapy regimens. They do not contain data on cardiovascular end points but only on surrogate markers of risk of micro- and macrovascular complications, mostly data on glycemia, body weight, insulin doses, lipids, and in a few studies, also accurate data on the frequency of hypoglycemias.

According to a Medline search (1966–2000), …
Randomised, multicentre phase II study assessing two doses of docetaxel (75 or 100 mg/m2) as second-line monotherapy fornon-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: E. Quoix, B. Lebeau, A. Depierre, A. Ducolone, D. Moro-Sibilot, B. Milleron, J.L. Breton, E. Lemarie, J.L. Pujol, J.M. Brechot, G. Zalcman, D. Debieuvre, F. Vaylet, A. Vergnenegre, P. Clouet
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Finnish intensive care units: the FINNRESUSCI study
Authors: Jukka Vaahersalo, Pamela Hiltunen, Marjaana Tiainen, Tuomas Oksanen, Kirsi-Maija Kaukonen, Jouni Kurola, Esko Ruokonen, Jyrki Tenhunen, Tero Ala-Kokko, Vesa Lund, Matti Reinikainen, Outi Kiviniemi, Tom Silfvast, Markku Kuisma, Tero Varpula, Ville Pettilä
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Responding to the Global HIV/AIDS Crisis
Authors: Fitzhugh Mullan
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aligning Leadership Across Systems and Organizations to Develop a Strategic Climate for Evidence-Based Practice Implementation
Authors: Gregory A. Aarons, Mark G. Ehrhart, Lauren R. Farahnak, Marisa Sklar
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2014)

There has been a growing impetus to bridge the gap between basic science discovery, development of evidence-based practices (EBPs), and the availability and delivery of EBPs in order to improve the public health impact of such practices. To capitalize on factors that support implementation and sustainment of EBPs, it is important to consider that health care is delivered within the outer context of public health systems and the inner context of health care organizations and work groups. Leaders play a key role in determining the nature of system and organizational contexts. This article addresses the role of leadership and actions that leaders can take at and across levels in developing a strategic climate for EBP implementation within the outer (i.e., system) and inner (i.e., organization, work group) contexts of health care. Within the framework of Edgar Schein's “climate embedding mechanisms,” we describe strategies that leaders at the system, organization, and work group levels can consider and apply to develop strategic climates that support the implementation and sustainment of EBP in health care and allied health care settings.
The Influence of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction on the Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Valentina Kutyifa, Axel Kloppe, Wojciech Zareba, Scott D. Solomon, Scott McNitt, Slava Polonsky, Alon Barsheshet, Bela Merkely, Bernd Lemke, Vivien Klaudia Nagy, Arthur J. Moss, Ilan Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Rebound airway obstruction and responsiveness after cessation of terbutaline: effects of budesonide.
Authors: J W de Jong, T W van der Mark, G H Koëter, D S Postma
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Regular monotherapy with inhaled beta 2-agonists may lead to a temporary increase of airway obstruction and increase of airway responsiveness after cessation of treatment. We investigated whether anti-inflammatory therapy may affect these rebound phenomena. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we assessed lung function (FEV1) and airway responsiveness (PC20 methacholine [PC20]) during and after cessation of 2 wk of regular treatment with placebo and low-dose (250 micrograms) and high-dose (1,000 micrograms) inhaled terbutaline three times daily. Patients with mild allergic asthma (means [+/- SD] age of 28.2 +/- 6.6 yr, mean FEV1% of 91.9 +/- 14.6%, and geometric mean PC20 of 0.25 mg/ml) were studied. One group (n = 16) was randomized to budesonide treatment, 400 micrograms three times daily; the other group (n = 14) to placebo. PC20 and FEV1 were measured 10, 14, 34, and 82 h after the last terbutaline or placebo inhalation. A different method of statistical analysis was used, in that measurements performed at 10, 14, and 34 h were expressed relative to 82 h values in each period as an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value. FEV1 did not significantly change during placebo and budesonide treatment. Mean PC20 and morning and evening peak expiratory flow were significantly higher during budesonide treatment (p < 0.01). PC20 did not significantly change after cessation of terbutaline treatment in both placebo and budesonide treatment groups. AUC-FEV1 values after cessation of treatment with both doses of terbutaline were significantly different from the 82 h values (p < 0.05). The decrease in FEV1 was significantly greater after the last terbutaline and placebo inhalation in the placebo group compared with the budesonide treatment group (p = 0.02). We conclude that cessation of regular treatment after 2 wk with both low-dose and high-dose inhaled terbutaline does not result in a significant rebound airway responsiveness in patients with mild asthma. However, the results suggest a small rebound bronchoconstriction that does not occur when asthmatic patients are also treated with budesonide.
Statistics for the<i>European Respiratory Journal</i>
Authors: S. Chinn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

This review summarizes statistical methods likely to be needed by researchers. It is not a replacement for a statistics book, and almost no symbols or mathematics are used. It seeks to guide researchers to the appropriate methods and to make them aware of some common pitfalls. Sections deal with methods for quantitative outcomes, both basic and more advanced, and parallel methods for qualitative or categorical outcomes. Reference is made to papers using the more advanced methods in the European Respiratory Journal in order that their relevance may be appreciated. The paper seeks to improve the quality of papers submitted to the European Respiratory Journal , to reduce the revisions to papers required of authors, and to enable readers of the journal to gain more insight into the interpretation of results.
Genetic Variant of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Diabetes Influences Blood Pressure Response to Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Authors: Tadashi Konoshita, Norihiro Kato, Sébastien Fuchs, Shinichi Mizuno, Chikako Aoyama, Makoto Motomura, Yasukazu Makino, Shigeyuki Wakahara, Isao Inoki, Isamu Miyamori, Florence Pinet
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Recent studies have proven the favorable effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on cardiovascular and renal disorders. However, determinants of the response to ARBs remain unclear. We substantiated the hypothesis that genetic variants of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have significant impacts on the response to ARBs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects comprised 231 consecutively enrolled hypertensive individuals including 45 type 2 diabetic subjects. Five genetic variants of the RAS, i.e., renin (REN) C-5312T, ACE insertion/deletion, angiotensinogen M235T, angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor C3123A were assayed by PCR and restriction fragment-length polymorphism. A dose of 40–160 mg/day of valsartan was administered for 3 months as a monotherapy. RESULTS Changes in diastolic blood pressure significantly differed between genotypes of REN C-5312T: 10.7-mmHg reduction (from 95.9 ± 12.9 to 85.2 ± 11.4) in CC versus 7.0-mmHg reduction (from 94.7 ± 14.0 to 87.7 ± 12.6) in CT/TT (P = 0.02 for interactive effects of valsartan and genotype). Responder rates also differed between the genotypes: 72.8% in CC versus 58.0% in CT/TT (P = 0.03). Univariate analysis indicated a significant association of response to valsartan with blood pressure, diabetes, plasma aldosterone concentration, and CC homozygotes of REN C-5312T. Finally, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that systolic blood pressure, CC homozygotes of REN C-5312T, and diabetes were independent predictors for responders with odds ratios (95% CI) of 2.49 (1.41–4.42), 2.03 (1.10–3.74), and 0.48 (0.24–0.96), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study provides strong support that a genetic variant of REN C-5312T and diabetes contribute to the effects of ARBs and are independent predictors for responder. Thus, in treatment of hypertension with ARBs, a new possibility for personalized medicine has been shown.
Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Staging Metastatic Thymic Carcinoma
Authors: Hyo Jin Han, Seoung Ju Park, Kyung Hoon Min, So Ri Kim, Min Hee Lee, Chi Ryang Chung, Kyoung Hwa Choi, Yang Keun Rhee, Gong Yong Jin, Myung Ja Chung, Yong Chul Lee
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)
Enhanced Interleukin (IL)-13 Responses in Mice Lacking IL-13 Receptor α 2
Authors: Nancy Wood, Matthew J. Whitters, Bruce A. Jacobson, JoAnn Witek, Joseph P. Sypek, Marion Kasaian, Michael J. Eppihimer, Michelle Unger, Takashi Tanaka, Samuel J. Goldman, Mary Collins, Debra D. Donaldson, Michael J. Grusby
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Interleukin (IL)-13 has recently been shown to play important and unique roles in asthma, parasite immunity, and tumor recurrence. At least two distinct receptor components, IL-4 receptor (R)alpha and IL-13Ralpha1, mediate the diverse actions of IL-13. We have recently described an additional high affinity receptor for IL-13, IL-13Ralpha2, whose function in IL-13 signaling is unknown. To better appreciate the functional importance of IL-13Ralpha2, mice deficient in IL-13Ralpha2 were generated by gene targeting. Serum immunoglobulin E levels were increased in IL-13Ralpha2-/- mice despite the fact that serum IL-13 was absent and immune interferon gamma production increased compared with wild-type mice. IL-13Ralpha2-deficient mice display increased bone marrow macrophage progenitor frequency and decreased tissue macrophage nitric oxide and IL-12 production in response to lipopolysaccharide. These results are consistent with a phenotype of enhanced IL-13 responsiveness and demonstrate a role for endogenous IL-13 and IL-13Ralpha2 in regulating immune responses in wild-type mice.
Press: Cot death confusion: explaining the unexplainable
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Ever since solicitor Sally Clark was convicted in November 1999 of murdering two of her children, she has maintained her innocence. In the face of an initially hostile press, Clark's family stuck by her and insisted that the deaths of her two baby boys were cot deaths or instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Gradually their campaign gathered momentum (it now has its own website, http://wol.ra.phy.cam.ac.uk/sallyclark/), and even when Clark lost her appeal against her conviction, last October, it was clear that this case was not going to go away.

From the start, many people—including prominent doctors—had serious misgivings about the safety of the original verdict, particularly about one piece of evidence from a key prosecution witness, the paediatrician Professor Sir Roy Meadow. These concerns have ensured that the Clark case, and the debate over what we know and don't know about cot death, has remained a media issue.

In the past three months there have been several articles about Clark in which her transformation from media bete noire to media cause celebre, the victim of a major miscarriage of justice, can be seen to be complete. On 6 May the Sunday Telegraph ran a detailed article titled “Against the odds,” in which it argued that much of the medical evidence brought against Clark was flawed. She was found guilty by a 10:2 majority verdict of murdering her first child, Christopher, in 1996 when he was 11 weeks old, and, just over a year later, her …
The Ontogeny of Brown Adipose Tissue
Authors: Michael E. Symonds, Mark Pope, Helen Budge
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2015)

There are three different types of adipose tissue (AT)-brown, white, and beige-that differ with stage of development, species, and anatomical location. Of these, brown AT (BAT) is the least abundant but has the greatest potential impact on energy balance. BAT is capable of rapidly producing large amounts of heat through activation of the unique uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) located within the inner mitochondrial membrane. White AT is an endocrine organ and site of lipid storage, whereas beige AT is primarily white but contains some cells that possess UCP1. BAT first appears in the fetus around mid-gestation and is then gradually lost through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. We focus on the interrelationships between adipocyte classification, anatomical location, and impact of diet in early life together with the extent to which fat development differs between the major species examined. Ultimately, novel dietary interventions designed to reactivate BAT could be possible.