tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self-Reported Experiences of Discrimination and Health: Scientific Advances, Ongoing Controversies, and Emerging Issues
Authors: Tené T. Lewis, Courtney D. Cogburn, David R. Williams
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2015)

Over the past two decades, research examining the impact of self-reported experiences of discrimination on mental and physical health has increased dramatically. Studies have found consistent associations between exposure to discrimination and a wide range of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-diagnosed mental disorders as well as objective physical health outcomes. Associations are seen in cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies and persist even after adjustment for confounding variables, including personality characteristics and other threats to validity. However, controversies remain, particularly around the best approach to measuring experiences of discrimination, the significance of racial/ethnic discrimination versus overall mistreatment, the need to account for "intersectionalities," and the importance of comprehensive assessments. These issues are discussed in detail, along with emerging areas of emphasis including cyber discrimination, anticipatory stress or vigilance around discrimination, and interventions with potential to reduce the negative effects of discrimination on health. We also discuss priorities for future research and implications for interventions and policy.
Cytokeratin intermediate filaments of rat hepatocytes: Different cytoskeletal domains and their three-dimensional structure
Authors: Yoshinori Katsuma, Normand Marceau, Masaharu Ohta, Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

A new method of visualizing the three-dimensional architecture of the cytokeratin filaments of the intact rat hepatocyte in situ has been achieved. Frozen sections of liver cut 10 μm thick were serially extracted to remove all elements of the cells except the intermediate filaments. Parallel sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies to the two main cytokeratins found in bile duct and liver cells. Immunofluorescent antibody and immunogold electron microscopy techniques were used to identify the proteins morphologically. Several new observations resulted from these studies. The pericanalicular sheath of intermediate filaments was visualized using steropairs as an uninterrupted branching tubular structure composed of cytokeratins located in the cell cortex of adjacent hepatocytes. Intermediate filaments in the cell cortex formed a distinct sheet of matted filaments which enveloped the entire hepatocyte. The cortical intermediate filaments were in continuity with the pericanalicular sheath and the filaments located within the cytoplasm. The intermediate filaments are attached to the centrioles and appeared to tent the nuclear lamina-pore complex at points of contact. Monoclonal antibodies to rat liver intermediate filament cytokeratins (CK49 and CK55) each stained intermediate filaments located in the cell cortex, within the cytoplasm and at the nucleus. By immunogold staining, some of the intermediate filament filaments were shown to contain both cytokeratins. Filaments which did not stain were thought to be either actin at the cell periphery or nuclear lamins around the nucleus. It is concluded that the cytokeratins form a specialized framework for the cell cortex, canaliculus, centrioles and the nucleus of hepatocytes. The filaments run continuously throughout the cytoplasm without terminating.
Glycemic Effects of Moderate Alcohol Intake Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Iris Shai, Julio Wainstein, Ilana Harman-Boehm, Itamar Raz, Drora Fraser, Assaf Rudich, Meir J. Stampfer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

In a randomized controlled trial, we assessed the effect of daily moderate alcohol intake on glycemic control in the fasting and postprandial states in patients with type 2 diabetes who previously had abstained from alcohol.We randomly assigned 109 patients (41-74 years old) with established type 2 diabetes who abstained from alcohol to receive 150 ml wine (13 g alcohol) or nonalcoholic diet beer (control) each day during a 3-month multicenter trial. The beverages were consumed during dinner. Diet and alcohol consumption were monitored.During the intervention, 17% of participants (12% from the alcohol group) dropped out, leaving 91 who completed the trial. Within the alcohol group, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased from 139.6 +/- 41 to 118.0 +/- 32.5 mg/dl after 3 months compared with 136.7 +/- 15.4 to 138.6 +/- 27.8 mg/dl in the control subjects (P(v) = 0.015). However, alcohol consumption had no effect on 2-h postprandial glucose levels (difference of 18.5 mg/dl in the control group vs. 17.7 mg/dl in the alcohol group, P(v) = 0.97). Patients in the alcohol group with higher baseline A1C levels had greater reductions in FPG (age-adjusted correlation -0.57, P(v) < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, or aspartate aminotransferase, and no notable adverse effects were reported. Participants in the alcohol group reported an improvement in the ability to fall asleep (P(v) < 0.001).Among patients with type 2 diabetes who had previously abstained from alcohol, initiation of moderate daily alcohol consumption reduced FPG but not postprandial glucose. Patients with higher A1C may benefit more from the favorable glycemic effect of alcohol. Further intervention studies are needed to confirm the long-term effect of moderate alcohol intake.
p38 MAP kinase is a therapeutic target for hepatic encephalopathy in rats with portacaval shunts
Authors: A. Agusti, O. Cauli, R. Rodrigo, M. Llansola, V. Hernandez-Rabaza, V. Felipo
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> Inflammation plays a role in neurological alterations in patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Animal models of HE show neuroinflammation. Treatment with ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), reduces neuroinflammation and restores cognitive and motor function in rats with HE due to portacaval shunts (PCS). This suggests that reducing neuroinflammation would improve neurological status in patients with minimal or clinical HE. NSAID induce kidney damage in patients with cirrhosis and PCS rats and are not suitable for clinical use. It is therefore necessary to look for procedures to eliminate neuroinflammation without inducing secondary effects in the kidney. Inhibition of p38 MAPK is being tested as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases and reduces microglial activation. This study aimed to assess whether inhibiting p38 with SB239063 reduces neuroinflammation and improves cognitive and motor function in PCS rats without affecting the kidney. <h3>Results</h3> p38 activity is increased in the brains of PCS rats and treatment with SB239063 reduces microglial activation, as well as inflammatory markers in brain (prostaglandin E2, cyclooxygenase activity, iNOS, IL-1β, TNFα) and blood (prostaglandin E2 and TNFα). PCS rats showed increased ammonia and glutamine in the brain, which was not affected by SB239063. PCS rats showed reduced ability to learn a Y-maze conditional discrimination task, reduced motor activity and impaired motor coordination, as assessed in the rotarod. Treatment with SB239063 completely restored learning ability, motor activity and coordination in PCS rats. SB239063 did not affect creatinine or sodium levels in serum, indicating that it does not induce kidney damage. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings suggest that reducing neuroinflammation by using inhibitors of p38 would improve the neurological status in HE without inducing secondary effects in the kidney.
Prevalence and Severity Of Wheezing In The First Year Of Life Among Infants With Low Birth Weight
Authors: Nathalia Barroso, Leila Borges, Gustavo Wandalsen, Elaine Prestes, Herberto J. Chong Neto, Nelson A. Rosario, Ana Carolina Dela Bianca, Carolina Aranda, Decio Medeiros, Emanuel Sarinho, Lillian Sanchez.Lacerda. Moraes, Javier Mallol, Dirceu Sole
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Long-term treatment of acromegaly with pegvisomant, a growth hormone receptor antagonist
Authors: Aart Jan van der Lely, R Kent Hutson, Peter J Trainer, G Michael Besser, Ariel L Barkan, Laurence Katznelson, Anne Klibanski, Vivien Herman-Bonert, Shlomo Melmed, Mary Lee Vance, Pamela U Freda, Paul M Stewart, Keith E Friend, David R Clemmons, Gudmundur Johannsson, Stavros Stavrou, David M Cook, Lawrence S Phillips, Christian J Strasburger, Suzanne Hacker, Kenneth A Zib, Robert J Davis, John A Scarlett, Michael O Thorner
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Association of Rapid Mood Switching With Panic Disorder and Familial Panic Risk in Familial Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Dean F MacKinnon, Peter P Zandi, Elliot S Gershon, John I Nurnberger, J Raymond DePaulo
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Comorbid bipolar and panic disorders aggregate in families. A phenotypic trait shared by both disorders is the sudden shift in affect observed in panic attacks and some rapid cycling states. The authors investigated whether comorbidity of bipolar disorder and panic disorder is associated with rapid mood switching in families with a high rate of bipolar disorder.Six hundred six subjects with bipolar disorder from the NIMH Bipolar Disorder Genetics Initiative were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze rapid mood switching as a function of panic disorder diagnosis, sex, and familial risk for panic.Familial panic and the diagnosis of panic disorder in an individual subject increased the odds for rapid mood switching. The familial effect persisted when individuals with panic disorder were excluded from the analysis.Panic and rapid mood switching occurring together in familial bipolar disorder may define a useful subphenotype for future studies.
Association of suicide attempts with acne and treatment with isotretinoin: retrospective Swedish cohort study
Authors: A. Sundstrom, L. Alfredsson, G. Sjolin-Forsberg, B. Gerden, U. Bergman, J. Jokinen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the risk of attempted suicide before, during, and after treatment with isotretinoin for severe acne. <b>Design</b> Retrospective cohort study linking a named patient register of isotretinoin users (1980-9) to hospital discharge and cause of death registers (1980-2001). <b>Setting</b> Sweden, 1980-2001. <b>Population</b> 5756 patients aged 15 to 49 years prescribed isotretinoin for severe acne observed for 17 197 person years before, 2905 person years during, and 87 120 person years after treatment. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Standardised incidence ratio (observed number divided by expected number of suicide attempts standardised by sex, age, and calendar year), calculated up to three years before, during, and up to 15 years after end of treatment. <b>Results</b> 128 patients were admitted to hospital for attempted suicide. During the year before treatment, the standardised incidence ratio for attempted suicide was raised: 1.57 (95% confidence interval 0.86 to 2.63) for all (including repeat) attempts and 1.36 (0.65 to 2.50) counting only first attempts. The standardised incidence ratio during and up to six months after treatment was 1.78 (1.04 to 2.85) for all attempts and 1.93 (1.08 to 3.18) for first attempts. Three years after treatment stopped, the observed number of attempts was close to the expected number and remained so during the 15 years of follow-up: standardised incidence ratio 1.04 (0.74 to 1.43) for all attempts and 0.97 (0.64 to 1.40) for first attempts. Twelve (38%) of 32 patients who made their first suicide attempt before treatment made a new attempt or committed suicide thereafter. In contrast, 10 (71%) of the 14 who made their first suicide attempt within six months after treatment stopped made a new attempt or committed suicide during follow-up (two sample test of proportions, P=0.034). The number needed to harm was 2300 new six month treatments per year for one additional first suicide attempt to occur and 5000 per year for one additional repeat attempt. <b>Conclusions</b> An increased risk of attempted suicide was apparent up to six months after the end of treatment with isotretinoin, which motivates a close monitoring of patients for suicidal behaviour for up to a year after treatment has ended. However, the risk of attempted suicide was already rising before treatment, so an additional risk due to the isotretinoin treatment cannot be established. As patients with a history of suicide attempts before treatment made new attempts to a lesser extent than did patients who started such behaviour in connection with treatment, patients with severe acne should not automatically have isotretinoin treatment withheld because of a history of attempted suicide.
Cancer and Leukemia Group B Cancer Control and Health Outcomes Committee: Origins and Accomplishments
Authors: Electra D. Paskett, Deborah Schrag, Alice Kornblith, Elizabeth B. Lamont, Jane C. Weeks, James R. Marshall, Charles Shapiro, Jimmie Holland
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) has conducted protocols in cancer prevention and control, psycho-oncology, and health services for many years. Significant findings from the studies have emerged and have helped shape the practice of medicine and the direction of future research in these areas. This article describes the origins of the Cancer Control and Health Outcomes Committee within CALGB and briefly describes significant findings and future work. The success CALGB has had with psycho-oncology and health services research has paved the way for other cooperative groups to develop these modalities. Cancer control research is growing and continues to gather momentum. This type of research is integral to providing quality care to patients and healthy populations.
Multicentric Oncologic Outcomes of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Localized Prostate Cancer in 803 Patients
Authors: Sebastien Crouzet, Xavier Rebillard, Daniel Chevallier, Pascal Rischmann, Gilles Pasticier, Gregory Garcia, Olivier Rouviere, Jean-Yves Chapelon, Albert Gelet
Journal: European Urology (2010)
FDA Approval Summary: Ramucirumab for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Sandra J. Casak, Ibilola Fashoyin-Aje, Steven J. Lemery, Lillian Zhang, Runyan Jin, Hongshan Li, Liang Zhao, Hong Zhao, Hui Zhang, Huanyu Chen, Kun He, Michele Dougherty, Rachel Novak, Sarah Kennett, Sachia Khasar, Whitney Helms, Patricia Keegan, Richard Pazdur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The FDA approved ramucirumab (CYRAMZA; Eli Lilly and Company) for previously treated patients with advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma initially as monotherapy (April 21, 2014) and subsequently as combination therapy with paclitaxel (November 5, 2014). In the monotherapy trial, 355 patients in the indicated population were randomly allocated (2:1) to receive ramucirumab or placebo, 8 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. In the combination trial, 665 patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive ramucirumab or placebo, 8 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks, in combination with paclitaxel, 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles. Overall survival (OS) was increased in patients who received ramucirumab in both the monotherapy [HR, 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60–0.998; log rank P = 0.047] and combination trials (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.96; P = 0.017). The most common adverse reactions were hypertension and diarrhea in the monotherapy trial and fatigue, neutropenia, diarrhea, and epistaxis in the combination trial. Because of concerns about the robustness of the monotherapy trial results, FDA approved the original application after receiving the results of the combination trial confirming the OS effect. Based on exploratory exposure–response analyses, there is residual uncertainty regarding the optimal dose of ramucirumab. Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3372–6. ©2015 AACR.
Negative feedback on the effects of stem cell factor on hematopoiesis is partly mediated through neutral endopeptidase activity on substance P: a combined functional and proteomic study
Authors: Deval D. Joshi, Anju Dang, Prem Yadav, Jing Qian, Persis S. Bandari, Kunhua Chen, Robert Donnelly, Tammy Castro, Pedro Gascon, Ali Haider, Pranela Rameshwar
Journal: Blood (2001)
Acute Kidney Injury Associates with Increased Long-Term Mortality
Authors: Jean-Philippe Lafrance, Donald R. Miller
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) associates with higher in-hospital mortality, but whether it also associates with increased long-term mortality is unknown, particularly after accounting for residual kidney function after hospital discharge. We retrospectively analyzed data from US veteran patients who survived at least 90 d after discharge from a hospitalization. We identified AKI events not requiring dialysis from laboratory data and classified them according to the ratio of the highest creatinine during the hospitalization to the lowest creatinine measured between 90 d before hospitalization and the date of discharge. We estimated mortality risks using multivariable Cox regression models adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, medication use, primary diagnosis of admission, length of stay, mechanical ventilation, and postdischarge estimated GFR (residual kidney function). Among the 864,933 hospitalized patients in the study cohort, we identified 82,711 hospitalizations of patients with AKI. In the study population of patients who survived at least 90 d after discharge, 17.4% died during follow-up (AKI 29.8%, without AKI 16.1%). The adjusted mortality risk associated with AKI was 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39 to 1.43) and increased with increasing AKI stage: 1.36 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.38), 1.46 (95% CI 1.42 to 1.50), and 1.59 (95% CI 1.54 to 1.65; P < 0.001 for trend). In conclusion, AKI that does not require dialysis associates with increased long-term mortality risk, independent of residual kidney function, for patients who survive 90 d after discharge. Long-term mortality risk is highest among the most severe cases of AKI.
Long-Term Results for Children With High-Risk Neuroblastoma Treated on a Randomized Trial of Myeloablative Therapy Followed by 13-<i>cis</i>-Retinoic Acid: A Children's Oncology Group Study
Authors: Katherine K. Matthay, C. Patrick Reynolds, Robert C. Seeger, Hiroyuki Shimada, E. Stanton Adkins, Daphne Haas-Kogan, Robert B. Gerbing, Wendy B. London, Judith G. Villablanca
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

PURPOSE We assessed the long-term outcome of patients enrolled on CCG-3891, a high-risk neuroblastoma study in which patients were randomly assigned to undergo autologous purged bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) or to receive chemotherapy, and subsequent treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid (cis-RA). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received the same induction chemotherapy, with random assignment (N = 379) to consolidation with myeloablative chemotherapy, total-body irradiation, and ABMT versus three cycles of intensive chemotherapy. Patients who completed consolidation without disease progression were randomly assigned to receive no further therapy or cis-RA for 6 months. Results The event-free survival (EFS) for patients randomly assigned to ABMT was significantly higher than those randomly assigned to chemotherapy; the 5-year EFS (mean +/- SE) was 30% +/- 4% versus 19% +/- 3%, respectively (P = .04). The 5-year EFS (42% +/- 5% v 31% +/- 5%) from the time of second random assignment was higher for cis-RA than for no further therapy, though it was not significant. Overall survival (OS) was significantly higher for each random assignment by a test of the log(-log(.)) transformation of the survival estimates at 5 years (P < .01). The 5-year OS from the second random assignment of patients who underwent both random assignments and who were assigned to ABMT/cis-RA was 59% +/- 8%; for ABMT/no cis-RA, it was 41% +/- 8% [corrected]; for continuing chemotherapy/cis-RA, it was 38% +/- 7%; and for chemotherapy/no cis-RA, it was 36% +/- 7%.Myeloablative therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell rescue result in significantly better 5-year EFS than nonmyeloablative chemo therapy; neither myeloablative therapy with [corrected] autologous hematopoietic cell rescue nor cis-RA given after consolidation therapy significantly improved OS.
In Vivo Characterization of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque by Use of Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Ik-Kyung Jang, Guillermo J. Tearney, Briain MacNeill, Masamichi Takano, Fabian Moselewski, Nicusor Iftima, Milen Shishkov, Stuart Houser, H. Thomas Aretz, Elkan F. Halpern, Brett E. Bouma
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— The current understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease is based largely on postmortem studies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution (≈10 μm), catheter-based imaging modality capable of investigating detailed coronary plaque morphology in vivo. Methods and Results— Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were enrolled and categorized according to their clinical presentation: recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute coronary syndromes (ACS) constituting non-ST-segment elevation AMI and unstable angina, or stable angina pectoris (SAP). OCT imaging was performed with a 3.2F catheter. Two observers independently analyzed the images using the previously validated criteria for plaque characterization. Of 69 patients enrolled, 57 patients (20 with AMI, 20 with ACS, and 17 with SAP) had analyzable images. In the AMI, ACS, and SAP groups, lipid-rich plaque (defined by lipid occupying ≥2 quadrants of the cross-sectional area) was observed in 90%, 75%, and 59%, respectively ( P =0.09). The median value of the minimum thickness of the fibrous cap was 47.0, 53.8, and 102.6 μm, respectively ( P =0.034). The frequency of thin-cap fibroatheroma (defined by lipid-rich plaque with cap thickness ≤65 μm) was 72% in the AMI group, 50% in the ACS group, and 20% in the SAP group ( P =0.012). No procedure-related complications occurred. Conclusions— OCT is a safe and effective modality for characterizing coronary atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Thin-cap fibroatheroma was more frequently observed in patients with AMI or ACS than SAP. This is the first study to compare detailed in vivo plaque morphology in patients with different clinical presentations.
Drug Screening for ALS Using Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Naohiro Egawa, Shiho Kitaoka, Kayoko Tsukita, Motoko Naitoh, Kazutoshi Takahashi, Takuya Yamamoto, Fumihiko Adachi, Takayuki Kondo, Keisuke Okita, Isao Asaka, Takashi Aoi, Akira Watanabe, Yasuhiro Yamada, Asuka Morizane, Jun Takahashi, Takashi Ayaki, Hidefumi Ito, Katsuhiro Yoshikawa, Satoko Yamawaki, Shigehiko Suzuki, Dai Watanabe, Hiroyuki Hioki, Takeshi Kaneko, Kouki Makioka, Koichi Okamoto, Hiroshi Takuma, Akira Tamaoka, Kazuko Hasegawa, Takashi Nonaka, Masato Hasegawa, Akihiro Kawata, Minoru Yoshida, Tatsutoshi Nakahata, Ryosuke Takahashi, Maria C. N. Marchetto, Fred H. Gage, Shinya Yamanaka, Haruhisa Inoue
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Anacardic acid attenuates mutant TDP-43–associated abnormalities in motor neurons derived from ALS patient–specific induced pluripotent stem cells.