tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung function in woodsmoke-exposed Guatemalan children following a chimney stove intervention
Authors: Amy P Heinzerling, Michael J Guarnieri, Jennifer K Mann, Janet V Diaz, Lisa M Thompson, Anaite Diaz, Nigel G Bruce, Kirk R Smith, John R Balmes
Journal: Thorax (2016)

Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel combustion is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, with considerable impact from respiratory infections in children. The impact of HAP on lung function is unknown.The Childhood Exposure to Respirable Particulate Matter (CRECER) prospective cohort study followed Guatemalan children who participated in the Randomised Exposure Study of Pollution Indoors and Respiratory Effects (RESPIRE) trial of a chimney stove intervention to determine the effect of early childhood HAP exposure on growth of lung function.RESPIRE households with pregnant women or infant children were randomised to receive a chimney stove at the beginning or at the end of the 18-month trial. During CRECER, a subset of these children, as well as children from households with newly installed stoves, were followed with spirometry beginning at age 5. Biomass smoke exposure was measured using personal carbon monoxide tubes. Two-stage regression models were employed to analyse associations with lung function growth.Longitudinal peak expiratory flow (PEF) and FEV1 data were available for 443 and 437 children, respectively, aged 5-8 (mean follow-up 1.3 years). Decreases in PEF growth of 173 mL/min/year (95% CI -341 to -7) and FEV1 of 44 mL/year (95% CI -91 to 4) were observed with stove installation at 18 months compared with stove installation at birth in analyses adjusted for multiple covariates. No statistically significant associations were observed between personal HAP exposure and lung function.A significant decrease in PEF growth and a large non-significant decrease in FEV1 growth were observed with later stove installation. Additional studies including longer follow-up and cleaner stoves or fuels are needed.
Assessing Cardiac Metabolism
Authors: Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Martin E. Young, Gary D. Lopaschuk, E. Dale Abel, Henri Brunengraber, Victor Darley-Usmar, Christine Des Rosiers, Robert Gerszten, Jan F. Glatz, Julian L. Griffin, Robert J. Gropler, Hermann-Georg Holzhuetter, Jorge R. Kizer, E. Douglas Lewandowski, Craig R. Malloy, Stefan Neubauer, Linda R. Peterson, Michael A. Portman, Fabio A. Recchia, Jennifer E. Van Eyk, Thomas J. Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

In a complex system of interrelated reactions, the heart converts chemical energy to mechanical energy. Energy transfer is achieved through coordinated activation of enzymes, ion channels, and contractile elements, as well as structural and membrane proteins. The heart's needs for energy are difficult to overestimate. At a time when the cardiovascular research community is discovering a plethora of new molecular methods to assess cardiac metabolism, the methods remain scattered in the literature. The present statement on "Assessing Cardiac Metabolism" seeks to provide a collective and curated resource on methods and models used to investigate established and emerging aspects of cardiac metabolism. Some of those methods are refinements of classic biochemical tools, whereas most others are recent additions from the powerful tools of molecular biology. The aim of this statement is to be useful to many and to do justice to a dynamic field of great complexity.
Type 1 Diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale, M. Belén Roldán-Martín
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

BACKGROUND A few small studies have reported increased prevalences of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and symptoms of androgen excess in women with type 1 diabetes. PURPOSE We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating androgen excess symptoms and PCOS in women with type 1 diabetes. DATA SOURCES The Entrez-PubMed and Scopus electronic databases were used. STUDY SELECTION We selected studies addressing androgen excess signs, symptoms, and disorders in girls, adolescents, and adult women with type 1 diabetes. DATA EXTRACTION The main outcome measures were prevalences of PCOS, hyperandrogenemia, hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). DATA SYNTHESIS Nine primary studies involving 475 adolescent or adult women with type 1 diabetes were included. The prevalences of PCOS and associated traits in women with type 1 diabetes were 24% (95% CI 15–34) for PCOS, 25% (95% CI 17–33) for hyperandrogenemia, 25% (95% CI 16–36) for hirsutism, 24% (95% CI 17–32) for menstrual dysfunction, and 33% (95% CI 24–44) for PCOM. These figures are considerably higher than those reported earlier in the general population without diabetes. LIMITATIONS The data collected in the original studies were heterogeneous in age, race, ethnicity, and criteria used for the diagnosis of PCOS; yet, we used a quality-effects model in the meta-analyses to overcome this limitation. CONCLUSIONS PCOS and its related traits are frequent findings in women with type 1 diabetes. PCOS may contribute to the subfertility of these women by a mechanism that does not directly depend on glycemic/metabolic control among other negative consequences for their health. Hence, screening for PCOS and androgen excess should be included in current guidelines for the management of type 1 diabetes in women.
Antitumor Effect, Cardiotoxicity, and Nephrotoxicity of Doxorubicin in the IgM Solid Immunocytoma-Bearing LOU/M/WSL Rat
Authors: Q G van Hoesel, P A Steerenberg, J G Vos, F C Hillen, J A Dormans
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Antitumor activity, cardiotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin were studied in LOU/M/WSL inbred rats each bearing a transplantable solid IgM immunocytoma. Animals with a tumor (diameter, 15.8±3.3 mm) were treated with iv injections of doxorubicin on 5 consecutive days, followed by 1 weekly injection for 7 weeks (dose range, 0.015-4.0 mg/kg body wt). Tumor regression was observed with 0.5 mg doxorubicin/kg. Complete disappearance of the tumor was induced with 1.0 mg doxorubicin/kg. Histologic evidence of cardiotoxicity scored as grade III was only observed at a dose of 1.0 mg doxorubicin/kg. Light microscopic evidence of renal damage was seen above a dose of 0.5 mg doxorubicin/kg, which resulted in albuminuria and very low serum albumin levels. In the group that received 1.0 mg doxorubicin/kg, the serum albumin level decreased from 33.6±4.1 to 1.5±0.5 g/liter. Ascites and hydrothorax were observed simultaneously. The same experiments were performed with non-tumor-bearing rats, in which no major differences were observed. In conclusion, antitumor activity, cardiotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity were studied simultaneously in the same LOU/M/WSL rat. Albuminuria due to renal damage led to extremely low serum albumin levels, so ascites and hydrothorax were not necessarily a consequence of the observed cardiomyopathy.
Radioactivity and Lung Cancer; A Critical Review of Lung Cancer in the Miners of Schneeberg and Joachimsthal
Authors: Lorenz, Egon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1944)

Journal Article Radioactivity and Lung Cancer; A Critical Review of Lung Cancer in the Miners of Schneeberg and Joachimsthal Get access Egon Lorenz Egon Lorenz senior biophysicist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 5, Issue 1, August 1944, Pages 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/5.1.1 Published: 01 August 1944
Pre-operative selection criteria for operability in recurrent ovarian cancer. A study of the AGO Organkommission Ovar and the AGO Ovarian Cancer Study Group (AGO-OVAR)
Authors: P. Harter, G. P. Breitbach, B. Tanner, J. Sehouli, V. Heilmann, H. J. Lueck, W. Kuhn, P. Wimberger, O. Ortmann, A. Du Bois
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5004
Does attitude toward psychosis relate to outcome?
Authors: T H McGlashan, W T Carpenter
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

In a previous follow-up of recovered schizophrenic patients, it was found that a positive, integrating attitude toward illness correlated with good outcome. In similar research at NIH, the authors of this study obtained partial replication of these findings. Specifically, the less negative patients were about their illness and future, the better their outcome. A very positive attitude was not associated with good outcome. Hence, the absence of a negative attitude appears critical. The authors failed to find a relationship between integration or isolation of the psychotic experience and outcome, which suggests the incidence of this (unconscious) psychological coping style from a conscious attitude and opinion about illness and the future.
A woman with abdominal distension and pain
Authors: Joseph Dalby Sinnott, David C Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A 40 year old woman presented to the surgical assessment unit with a 12 hour history of abdominal distension and tenderness. She had not opened her bowels or passed wind since her symptoms started. An abdominal radiograph was requested—what does it show (fig 1)?



The abdominal radiograph shows a caecal volvulus.

### Discussion

Caecal volvulus is much less common …
A phase II study with a daily regimen of the oral mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma which has progressed on tyrosine kinase inhibition therapy
Authors: J. Jac, R. J. Amato, S. Giessinger, S. Saxena, J. P. Willis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5113 Background: Everolimus, an oral mTOR inhibitor, affects tumor growth by blocking growth factor stimulation, arresting cell cycle progression, and inhibiting angiogenesis. mTOR inhibitors and agents with primarily antiangiogenic activity have shown efficacy in renal cell cancer (RCC). Reported at ASCO 2007, everolimus has promising anti-tumor activity in patients with MRCC demonstrated by 32% partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD) for >6 months in 38% of patients. This phase II study assessed the efficacy of daily oral dosing with everolimus in MRCC patients who have failed no more than 2 prior therapies one of which was a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib or sunitinib). Methods: Patients had confirmed predominantly clear cell RCC, progressive measurable metastatic disease, adequate organ/marrow function, good performance status and no active CNS involvement. Everolimus was given (10 mg daily, p.o.) without an interruption (28-day cycle), with dose modifications for toxicity per NCI-CTC, version 3.0. Patients were evaluated every 2 cycles (8 weeks) using RECIST. Results: Among the first 22 enrolled patients, 22 were treated and evaluable for safety, 19 for response after withdrawal of 2 patients following the first 4 weeks of therapy, and 1 too early. Patients were mostly male (68%) with a median age 57 years, 100% Zubrod Performance Status 0–1. PR were seen in 3(16%) and SD for ≥ 3 months in 14 (74%). Median PFS was 5.5+ months (1–12+ months), median OS was 8+ months (1–14+). The most common treatment related adverse events were Grade 1/2: hypertriglyceridemia (73%), hyperglycemia (59%). hypercholesterolemia (64%), stomatitis (45%), rash (32%), nausea (27%), and diarrhea (18%); Grade 3/4 adverse events included pneumonitis (27%). Conclusions: Everolimus shows encouraging anti-tumor activity against MRCC patients who have had prior exposure to sorafenib or sunitinib as indicated by the tumor responses and progression free survival. Anti-tumor activity and toxicity will be presented in addition an update of the ASCO 2007 data. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis
International Comparability and Reproducibility in Histologic Subclassification of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: P. Correa, G. T. O'Conor, C. W. Berard, L. M. Axtell, M. H. Myers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article International Comparability and Reproducibility in Histologic Subclassification of Hodgkin's Disease Get access P. Correa, P. Correa Biometry Branch, and Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. T. O'Conor, G. T. O'Conor Biometry Branch, and Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. W. Berard, C. W. Berard Biometry Branch, and Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. M. Axtell, L. M. Axtell Biometry Branch, and Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. H. Myers M. H. Myers Biometry Branch, and Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 6, June 1973, Pages 1429–1435, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.6.1429 Published: 01 June 1973 Article history Received: 26 October 1972 Accepted: 08 December 1972 Published: 01 June 1973
Final Results of a Phase 1B of Omp-59R5 (Anti-Notch2/3/Stem Cell Antibody) in Combination with Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine (Nab-P + Gem) in Patients (Pts) with Untreated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (Mpc): Alpine Study
Authors: J. Bendell, A.L. Cohn, L. Smith, J.H. Strickler, W.L. Gluck, W.G. Schmidt, A. Kapoun, L. Xu, D. Hill, L. Zhou, J. Dupont, E.M. O'Reilly
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
PTH-231 Pathways of epithelial leakage and zinc malabsorption in environmental enteropathy imaged by confocal endomicroscopy
Authors: P Kelly, E Besa, J Lees, T Banda, K Zyambo, M Muchimba, A Watson, J Louis-Auguste
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Environmental enteropathy (EE) is associated with growth failure in children in low income countries, malabsorption, and impaired responses to oral vaccines. EE is characterised by morphological changes (villous blunting), increased permeation of macromolecules, microbial translocation, and impaired absorption. We set out to image the leakiness of the enteropathic small intestine using confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) of the duodenum following fluorescein injection, and correlate this with other markers of structure, absorption and microbial translocation. <h3>Method</h3> Fifty adults were recruited from a poor community in Lusaka where we have previously established that EE is ubiquitous, and then underwent CLE on the day after permeability (lactulose 5g, rhamnose 1g) and net zinc absorption from a 25mg test dose were measured. Between 35 and 225 CLE images per procedure were quantified for a range of cellular abnormalities and fluorescein leakage. Duodenal biopsies were assessed morphometrically and claudin-4 expression quantified. Of the 50 participants, one had pyloric stenosis and in 8 the image quality was sub-standard, so full data are available from 41 (14 men, mean age 32 y, 11 HIV seropositive). Watson scores were 1 in 4 people, 2 in 6, and 3 in 31, which contrasts markedly with published control data in healthy German adults in which nearly all were grade 1 (<i>P &lt; 0</i>.0001). <h3>Results</h3> Leakage of fluorescein into the duodenal lumen was inevitably present when visible cell defects or microerosions were present, and was inversely associated with net absorption of zinc (r = -0.39; <i>P = 0</i>.04). Direct markers of microbial translocation (LPS and LPS binding protein) were correlated (in HIV seropositives only) with gastric pH (r = 0.72; <i>P = 0</i>.01) and with a serum marker of epithelial damage, fatty acid binding protein (FABP, r = −0.62; <i>P = 0</i>.04). FABP was strongly correlated with leakage, especially in HIV infection (r = −0.69; <i>P = 0</i>.007). Leakage was also inversely correlated with the intensity of expression of claudin-4 along the basolateral surface of the enterocyte (r = −0.49; <i>P = 0</i>.01). In multiple linear regression, LPS was strongly correlated with cell shedding and GLP-2 in serum. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data indicate that the damaged epithelium of EE leads to leakage of circulating molecules into the gut, and may explain at least one measure of absorptive defect. Pathways of translocation maybe more complex, with some translocation that cannot be explained by cell disruption. Translocation pathways are not well reflected by lactulose permeation. A clearer understanding of mechanisms will be important to reducing translocation in the enteropathic gut. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
DNA Cross-Linker–Induced G2/M Arrest in Group C Fanconi Anemia Lymphoblasts Reflects Normal Checkpoint Function
Authors: Michael C. Heinrich, Maureen E. Hoatlin, Amy J. Zigler, Kirsten V. Silvey, Antony C. Bakke, Winifred W. Keeble, Yu Zhi, Carol A. Reifsteck, Markus Grompe, Michael G. Brown, R. Ellen Magenis, Susan B. Olson, Grover C. Bagby
Journal: Blood (1998)
Abstract 15060: Pentraxin 3 Expression in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Hisashi Sawada, Yoshiro Naito, Makiko Oboshi, Toshihiro Iwasaku, Daisuke Morisawa, Yoshitaka Okuhara, Akiyo Eguchi, Shinichi Hirotani, Toshiaki Mano, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common degenerative vascular disease among elderly subjects. However, the exact cause of AAA is largely unknown. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an inflammatory protein produced at inflammation sites in response to inflammatory signals, and PTX3 has an anti-inflammatory function in atherosclerotic lesion. Although inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AAA, it has not been investigated whether PTX3 is involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of AAA. The aim of this study is to examine PTX3 expression in human AAA tissues.

Methods: Aortic tissue samples were collected from 77 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery (AAA: n=40, non-AAA: n=37). Non aneurysmal walls were extracted from ascending aortas of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic valve stenosis or aortic valve regurgitation at the time of establishment of cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients with significant diseases such as autoimmune diseases, infections, cancer, or renal failure were excluded. Serum PTX3 levels were examined by ELISA, and aortic PTX3 expression was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results: The proportion of male patients was higher in AAA group than non-AAA group (84 vs 38%, p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in medication between two groups. Serum PTX3 levels were not different between two groups (AAA vs non-AAA; 3.23 vs 2.62 ng/ml). On the other hand, aortic PTX3 expression was markedly increased in AAA tissues compared with non-AAA tissues. Histological analysis revealed that PTX3 was mainly expressed in thickened intima of AAA tissues. Interestingly, the extent of PTX3 positive area was negatively correlated with maximum aortic diameter (r=0.74, p<0.05).

Conclusions: PTX3 expression was markedly increased in AAA tissues. These results suggest that PTX3 is involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of AAA.
Abstract 12987: Retinal Arteriolar-Venular Ratio as a Marker of Cardiac Organ Damage in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Roberto Meazza, Claudia Scardino, Mattia Cattaneo, Enrico Gallazzi, Lucia Grosso Di Palma, Anna Villarini, Fabio Magrini
Journal: Circulation (2012)

INTRODUCTION- The early evaluation of target organ damage (TOD) in hypertensive patients is of primary importance and the study of retinal vessels can be helpful. HYPOTHESIS- The aim of our study w...
Patients' perspectives on community alternatives to hospitalization: a follow-up study
Authors: R L Okin, J A Dolnick, D T Pearsall
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Few studies of deinstitutionalized patients in the community have focused on the quality of the patients' lives. The authors interviewed 31 patients discharged from a state hospital to community residences and 10 patients who remained in the hospital. Patients were evaluated at three time intervals on eight outcome indexes. Eight months after the patients left the hospital they reported significant positive changes in the quality of their lives. None of the patients were rehospitalized during the study period.
P100 Intrahepatic and system cytokine profiles in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: possible mechanism of immuneparesis
Authors: H Antoniades, Q Anstee, M Bruce, R Mitry, M Hussain, G Auzinger, C Willars, J Wayel, D Concas, N Heaton, R Goldin, W Bernal, A Quaglia, M Thursz, J Wendon
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  Activation of systemic inflammatory responses in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (AALF) is associated with elevated levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Functional monocyte deactivation has been described and this is thought to contribute to increased susceptibility to sepsis and a higher mortality rate. Anti-inflammatory cytokines play a major part in the resolution of inflammatory responses and promote tissue repair processes but increase the risk of systemic infections. We hypothesise that the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines mirror the severity of hepatic necrosis and reflect attempts to resolve inflammation during AALF. It is the excessive production of these mediators that “spill-over” and increase the risk of systemic sepsis. We sought to delineate hepatic and systemic cytokine responses in experimental and human AALF, and, determine whether there is production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the liver which “spill-over” into the systemic circulatory compartment.  Aim  We sought to delineate hepatic and systemic inflammatory responses in experimental and human AALF, and, determine whether there is a “spill-over” of hepatic anti-inflammatory mediators into the systemic, circulatory, compartment.  Method  Median levels (pg/ml) of hepatic IL-1s, IL-4,-6,-10,-12,-17, IFN-Y, MCP-1, TNF-α, TGF-s1 were measured using proteome arrays in 10 human AALF explants and 8 normal control liver tissue samples.  Hepatic and serum levels of IL-1s, IL-4,-6,-10,-12,-17, MCP-1, TNF-α, TGF-s1 were measured in 200mg/kg i.p. APAP treated male C3H/HeH mice (n=5 severe necrosis, n=5 moderate necrosis) and 5 control mice.  Regional levels (portal vein (PV)), hepatic vein (HV), arterial (art)) of TNF-α, IL-10 were determined using ELISA in 3 AALF patients at time of liver transplantation.  Results  In human AALF, hepatic levels of IL-6 (115 vs 75; p=0.02), IL-10 (1.8 vs 0.6; p=0.03), TGF-s1 (3009 vs 1323; p  Conclusion  We demonstrate a hepatic inflammatory microenvironment favouring resolution of inflammation/tissue repair processes. In vivo hepatic production and systemic “spill-over” of the immunosupressive cytokines is observed and may account for functional monocyte deactivation and the marked predisposition to sepsis in AALF. The marked similarities in anti-inflammatory mediator profiles between human and murine models of AALF provide a rationale on which to base the studies examining evolution of disease and development of immunomodulatory strategies to ameliorate acute liver injury and promote tissue repair.