tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sarcomas at Sites of Subcutaneously Implanted Bakelite Disks in Rats
Authors: Floyd C. Turner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1941)

Journal Article Sarcomas at Sites of Subcutaneously Implanted Bakelite Disks in Rats Get access Floyd C. Turner Floyd C. Turner senior surgeon National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 2, Issue 1, August 1941, Pages 81–83, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/2.1.81 Published: 01 August 1941
Povacoat affecting solid-state polymorphic changes of indomethacin after co-evaporation from different types of solvents via conventional and microwave drying techniques
Authors: Shan-Yang Lin, Hong-Liang Lin, Ying-Ting Chi, Ru-Ying Hung, Yu-Ting Huang, Chi-Yu Kao, Wei-Hsien Hsieh
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

The effect of Povacoat on the solid state characteristics and polymorphic transformation of γ-form of indomethacin (γ-IMC) after solvent co-evaporation via two drying methods was investigated by thermoanalytical and FTIR spectroscopic studies. The types of solvents (water, ethanol, and water:ethanol (1:9 ~ 2:8, v/v)), weight ratios of Povacoat:IMC (4:1 ~ 4:10, w/w), and drying methods (air-drying and microwave-drying) were selected as variables in this study. A physical mixture of Povacoat and γ-IMC was also carried out by neat grinding process. The results indicate that there was no interaction between Povacoat and γ-IMC or no polymorphic change of γ-IMC after the neat co-grinding process. Since Povacoat was only soluble in water or <30% ethanol aqueous solution but γ-IMC was only soluble in organic solvents, different solvents and drying methods might significantly influence the solid-state characteristics of IMC formed in the presence of Povacoat. It was found that the amorphous IMC was formed in the Povacoat/IMC evaporates after dissolving both Povacoat and γ-IMC in water:ethanol (mixed ratio=1:9 and 2:8, v/v) and co-evaporation via microwave-drying, whereas the α-IMC was formed in the Povacoat/IMC evaporates via the air-drying method. In addition, the predominate α-IMC formation was only found in all the Povacoat/IMC evaporates with different weight ratios prepared by previously dissolving in water:ethanol (1:9, v/v) and co-evaporation via air-drying, but the amorphous IMC formation after co-evaporation via microwave-drying was obtained except the 4:10 (w/w) weight ratio. The thermal effect of microwave irradiation and the presence of Povacoat might be responsible for the amorphous IMC formation in the Povacoat/IMC evaporates.
Role of Arginine Vasopressin in Regulation of Systemic Arterial Pressure
Authors: N F Rossi, R W Schrier
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1986)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Cognitive and physical symptoms of concussive injury in children: a detailed longitudinal recovery study
Authors: Louise Crowe, Alex Collie, Stephen Hearps, Julian Dooley, Helen Clausen, David Maddocks, Paul McCrory, Gavin Davis, Vicki Anderson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Recovery from concussion sustained in childhood and adolescence is poorly understood. We explored patterns of recovery for neurocognition and postconcussive symptoms following concussion in children and adolescents.Using a prospective, longitudinal design, we collected baseline data on 728 children and adolescents aged 10-17 years. 10 participants sustained a concussive injury (n=10) in the 12 months following baseline testing and they were reviewed at day 5, 10 and 30 postconcussion. Assessments included the CogSport for Kids computerised test battery to evaluate neurocognitive function and self-report, and parent measures of postconcussive symptoms. At day 30, parents also completed measures rating their child's quality of life and executive functions.Children and adolescents displayed a gradual reduction in postconcussive symptoms over the 30 days following injury. At day 5, 87% of participants were reporting physical and cognitive symptoms, with a generalised reduction in all symptoms by day 10 (40% of participants). On the computerised measure, reaction time was slower after concussion, but returned to baseline levels by day 30. At day 30, 10% of participants demonstrated ongoing postconcussive symptoms. Number of previous concussions was related to speed of symptom resolution.At 5 days postconcussion, the majority of children and adolescents experienced debilitating postconcussive symptoms. However, by 30 days postinjury, 90% demonstrated recovery to normal for both neurocognition and postconcussive symptoms.
Precursors of Hypertensive Heart Phenotype Develop in Healthy Adults
Authors: Antonio de Marvao, Timothy J.W. Dawes, Wenzhe Shi, Giuliana Durighel, Daniel Rueckert, Stuart A. Cook, Declan P. O’Regan
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)

This study used high-resolution 3-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance to define the anatomical and functional left ventricular (LV) properties associated with increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a drug-naïve cohort.LV hypertrophy and remodeling occur in response to hemodynamic stress but little is known about how these phenotypic changes are initiated in the general population.In this study, 1,258 volunteers (54% women, mean age 40.6 ± 12.8 years) without self-reported cardiovascular disease underwent 3-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance combined with computational modeling. The relationship between SBP and wall thickness (WT), relative WT, end-systolic wall stress (WS), and fractional wall thickening were analyzed using 3-dimensional regression models adjusted for body surface area, sex, race, age, and multiple testing. Significantly associated points in the LV model (p < 0.05) were identified and the relationship with SBP reported as mean β coefficients.There was a continuous relationship between SBP and asymmetric concentric hypertrophic adaptation of the septum and anterior wall that was associated with normalization of wall stress. In the lateral wall an increase in wall stress with rising SBP was not balanced by a commensurate hypertrophic relationship. In normotensives, SBP was positively associated with WT (β = 0.09) and relative WT (β = 0.07) in the septal and anterior walls, and this regional hypertrophic relationship was progressively stronger among pre-hypertensives (β = 0.10) and hypertensives (β = 0.30).These findings show that the precursors of the hypertensive heart phenotype can be traced to healthy normotensive adults and that an independent and continuous relationship exists between adverse LV remodeling and SBP in a low-risk population. These adaptations show distinct regional variations with concentric hypertrophy of the septum and eccentric hypertrophy of the lateral wall, which challenge conventional classifications of LV remodeling.
Effective interventions and strategies for improving early child development
Authors: Bernadette Daelmans, Maureen M Black, Joan Lombardi, Jane Lucas, Linda Richter, Karlee Silver, Pia Britto, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Rafael Perez-Escamilla, Harriet MacMillan, Tarun Dua, Raschida R Bouhouch, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Gary L Darmstadt, Nirmala Rao
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Investing in early child development is a smart and essential strategy for building human capital, reducing inequities, and promoting sustainable development, argue <b>Bernadette Daelmans and colleagues</b>
Quality of anticoagulation and outcome of bleeding in cirrhosis
Authors: Xingshun Qi, Valerio De Stefano, Xiaozhong Guo
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: We read with great interest the Spanish multicenter study comparing the outcomes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) between patients with cirrhosis with and without anticoagulation therapy.1 Anticoagulation did not significantly impact the 5‐day treatment failure or 6‐week mortality in the whole cohort. However, the quality of anticoagulation was lacking. The international normalized ratio was above the therapeutic range in 35% of patients with UGIB receiving vitamin K antagonist, but the outcomes of UGIB were not separately reported for patients with international normalized ratios within or above the therapeutic range. Indeed, little attention has been paid to this issue in other studies. In a retrospective study, the international normalized ratio was within the therapeutic range in two‐thirds of bleeding events, but the data in the subgroup of patients with liver cirrhosis were not reported.2 A prospective study demonstrated that liver cirrhosis was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding, but the quality of anticoagulation in patients with cirrhosis and bleeding events was unavailable.3 Atrial fibrillation was the most common reason for anticoagulation (46%, 24/52).1 Notably, anticoagulation control was closely associated with the mortality of patients with atrial fibrillation. In the SPORTIFF III trial, the poor anticoagulation control group had a significantly higher annual mortality than the moderate and good anticoagulation control groups (4.2% versus 1.84%, P < 0.01; and versus 1.69%, P < 0.01).4 In another study, the poor anticoagulation control group had a significantly higher cumulative risk of major adverse cardiovascular events than the moderate and good anticoagulation control groups (P < 0.001, by log‐rank test).5 More notably, the quality of anticoagulation is poor in about one‐third of the general population with atrial fibrillation.4 If patients had a concomitant diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and a risk of variceal bleeding, the proportion of those with poor anticoagulation control would be increased. Additionally, as shown in Cerini et al.'s Tables 3 and 4,1 the subgroup analysis of patients treated with anticoagulation for cardiovascular diseases demonstrated that anticoagulation significantly increased the 6‐week mortality.1 Thus, the quality of anticoagulation, which is evaluated according to the time in the therapeutic range, should be taken into account to clarify how anticoagulation impacts the outcomes of UGIB in liver cirrhosis.
Increased Valency of Conserved-mosaic Vaccines Enhances the Breadth and Depth of Epitope Recognition
Authors: Sultan Abdul-Jawad, Beatrice Ondondo, Andy van Hateren, Andrew Gardner, Tim Elliott, Bette Korber, Tomáš Hanke
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

The biggest roadblock in development of effective vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the virus genetic diversity. For T-cell vaccine, this can be tackled by focusing the vaccine-elicited T-cells on the highly functionally conserved regions of HIV-1 proteins, mutations in which typically cause a replicative fitness loss, and by computing multivalent mosaic proteins, which maximize the coverage of potential 9-mer T-cell epitopes of the input viral sequences. Our first conserved region vaccines HIVconsv employed clade alternating consensus sequences and showed promise in the initial clinical trials in terms of magnitude and breadth of elicited CD8+ T-cells. Here, monitoring T-cells restricted by HLA-A*02:01 in transgenic mice, we assessed whether or not the tHIVconsv design (HIVconsv with a tissue plasminogen activator leader sequence) benefits from combining with a complementing conserved mosaic immunogen tHIVcmo, and compared the bivalent immunization to that with trivalent conserved mosaic vaccines. A hierarchy of tHIVconsv ≤ tHIVconsv+tHIVcmo < tCmo1+tCmo2+tCmo3 vaccinations for induction of CD8+ T-cell responses was observed in terms of recognition of tested peptide variants. Thus, our HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitope data concur with previously published mouse and macaque observations and suggest that even conserved region vaccines benefit from oligovalent mosaic design. The biggest roadblock in development of effective vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the virus genetic diversity. For T-cell vaccine, this can be tackled by focusing the vaccine-elicited T-cells on the highly functionally conserved regions of HIV-1 proteins, mutations in which typically cause a replicative fitness loss, and by computing multivalent mosaic proteins, which maximize the coverage of potential 9-mer T-cell epitopes of the input viral sequences. Our first conserved region vaccines HIVconsv employed clade alternating consensus sequences and showed promise in the initial clinical trials in terms of magnitude and breadth of elicited CD8+ T-cells. Here, monitoring T-cells restricted by HLA-A*02:01 in transgenic mice, we assessed whether or not the tHIVconsv design (HIVconsv with a tissue plasminogen activator leader sequence) benefits from combining with a complementing conserved mosaic immunogen tHIVcmo, and compared the bivalent immunization to that with trivalent conserved mosaic vaccines. A hierarchy of tHIVconsv ≤ tHIVconsv+tHIVcmo < tCmo1+tCmo2+tCmo3 vaccinations for induction of CD8+ T-cell responses was observed in terms of recognition of tested peptide variants. Thus, our HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitope data concur with previously published mouse and macaque observations and suggest that even conserved region vaccines benefit from oligovalent mosaic design.
Climate science: frequently asked questions
Authors: Flora Whitmarsh, Brian Hoskins, David McCoy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Flora Whitmarsh , Brian Hoskins, and David McCoy respond to some of the most common questions about the validity of human induced climate change

After The BMJ published an article on the science of anthropogenic climate change,1 it received questions about various aspects of climate science. Here we answer some of those questions. Like the original article, we draw on the findings of the fifth report of the UN commissioned Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).2 The main body of the report is written by working scientists, drawing on the findings of thousands of peer reviewed scientific studies, and is the most comprehensive analysis of climate science available. Last year, the Royal Society and the US National Academy of Sciences also published a report, Climate Change: Evidence and Causes , which summarises the status of climate change science.3

Sea ice is not to be confused with the land based Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, both of which are shrinking, as expected with rising temperatures. There has also been an overall global decline in mountain glaciers, permafrost, and snow cover, which is consistent with anthropogenic climate change. Whereas the extent of Arctic sea ice has decreased by 0.73-1.07 million km2 per decade since 1979, Antarctic sea ice has increased by 0.13-0.20 million km2 per decade.2

The anomaly in the Antarctic is due to its geography. Unlike in the Arctic, where the extent of sea ice is constrained by the North American and Eurasian land masses, Antarctic sea ice forms in the open ocean with less land constraining its formation. Antarctic sea ice is also thinner and mostly melts each summer, whereas Arctic sea ice survives longer (although the amount of sea ice lasting more than two years has declined rapidly since 1979). Changing patterns of …
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhe Hui Hoo, Moira K B Whyte
Journal: Thorax (2011)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease that carries a poor prognosis and for which there are no effective therapies. Although the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, combined with evidence of recurrent injury to the alveolar epithelium, are well-described there is a pressing need to understand these processes better at a molecular level and thus to identify potential therapeutic targets in this intractable disease. This review considers some recent advances published in <i>Thorax</i> and elsewhere that have improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, using data both from human cells and tissue and from animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. The studies particularly address the fate of the alveolar epithelial cell and mechanisms of fibrogenesis, and identify mechanistic pathways shared with co-existing conditions such as lung cancer and pulmonary hypertension. The concepts of physiological biomarkers of disease progression and prognosis are also discussed.
Dopamine Cell Replacement: Parkinson's Disease
Authors: D M Yurek, J R Sladek
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1990)

Significant progress in neural transplantation has been observed over the last several decades. As a neuroanatomical tool, neural transplantation studies are able to examine the mechanisms involved in the development and integration of neurons into the complex neural circuitries of the brain. Today, embryonic neural tissue can be successfully transplanted as solid tissue chunks or as dissociated cell suspensions. Within the parenchyma of the brain, transplanted embryonic neurons develop mature morphology and do not appear to invoke an immunological response by the lost immune system. Not only do these neurons exhibit robust development but there is also evidence that transplanted neurons restore some degree of function to neurologically damaged circuitry; however, the extent of reintegration into the host neural circuitry still remains unclear. Moreover, the long-term survival and functioning of transplanted nerve cells also remains an unanswered question. Advances in the emerging field of genetic engineering may eventually lead to genetically modified neurons that are capable of synthesizing neurotrophic factors or missing neurotransmitters and restoring function in brain-damaged areas. The use of neural transplantation to replace damaged nerve cells in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, is promising based on our current knowledge. However, our basic scientific knowledge of neural transplants is incomplete and warrants a prudent approach toward application of neural transplantation techniques in clinical research.
Follow-up of pathological gamblers after treatment
Authors: Julian I. Taber, Richard A. McCormick, Angel M. Russo, Bonnie J. Adkins, Luis F. Ramirez
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Pathological gamblers entering a comprehensive treatment program were thoroughly assessed before treatment and 6 months after completion of treatment. The reports of gamblers and collateral informants were highly consistent. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 57 of the 66 patients entering treatment. Total abstinence was reported by 56% (N = 32) of the patients located for follow-up, and significant improvement on a wide range of measures was documented. The authors feel that the results demonstrate that pathological gambling is a treatable mental disorder.
Distinct Profiles for Mitochondrial t-RNAs and Small Nucleolar RNAs in Locally Invasive and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lai Xu, Joseph Ziegelbauer, Rong Wang, Wells W. Wu, Rong-Fong Shen, Hartmut Juhl, Yaqin Zhang, Amy Rosenberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

To gain insight into factors involved in tumor progression and metastasis, we examined the role of noncoding RNAs in the biologic characteristics of colorectal carcinoma, in paired samples of tumor together with normal mucosa from the same colorectal carcinoma patient. The tumor and healthy tissue samples were collected and stored under stringent conditions, thereby minimizing warm ischemic time.We focused particularly on distinctions among high-stage tumors and tumors with known metastases, performing RNA-Seq analysis that quantifies transcript abundance and identifies novel transcripts.In comparing 35 colorectal carcinomas, including 9 metastatic tumors (metastases to lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels), with their matched healthy control mucosa, we found a distinct signature of mitochondrial transfer RNAs (MT-tRNA) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) for metastatic and high-stage colorectal carcinoma. We also found the following: (i) MT-TF (phenylalanine) and snord12B expression correlated with a substantial number of miRNAs and mRNAs in 14 colorectal carcinomas examined; (ii) an miRNA signature of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and a shift to glycolytic metabolism in 14 colorectal carcinomas, regardless of grade and stage; and (iii) heterogeneous MT-tRNA/snoRNA fingerprints for 35 pairs.These findings could potentially assist in more accurate and predictive staging of colorectal carcinoma, including identification of those colorectal carcinomas likely to metastasize.
Preventive Antibiotic Management in Surgery
Authors: J F Burke
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1973)

The general view of bacterial infection prevalent in medicine today is con­ cerned with the interaction of host and bacteria, rather than almost exclusively with bacteria as it was a few years ago following the introduction of antibiotic substances. This evolution, which promises to identify methods of infection pre­ vention, has found vigorous support in surgery because a primary problem in this discipline is the prevention of bacterial disease rather than the elimination of an established septic problem. Postsurgical infection has always been a limiting factor in the development of surgery, and it is not surprising that surgeons greetcd the advent of antibiotics 25 years ago with a vigor born of the expectation that the day of postoperative wound infection was over (1). In the period immediately following the introduction of penicillin and streptomycin, these antibiotics were used widely and indiscriminately in the hope that wound infection would be avoided. What effect this initial euphoria had on the efficiency with which aseptic technique or technical operative accuracy was carried out by surgeons is impor­ tant but not pertinent here. What is relevant to this discussion is the disillusion following the realization that the new technique did not produce the expected results. The pendulum then swung rapidly from the position where all surgical patients were indiscriminately given antibiotics to the point where, with equal lack of discrimination, no surgical patient was given an antibiotic in an attempt to prevent a postsurgical infection. Recent information stemming from experimental work and the renewed interest in the host and his ability to defend himself has given a more accurate view of the problems of preventing postsurgical infection, and within the past year the pendulum has again begun to swing (2). There is also reason to believe that this traverse will be generated by an increase in the sur­ geon's ability to prevent postoperative bacterial complications. That is, the changes in preoperative management are based on current biologic information concerning the development of infection as related to the hope that antibiotic substances would eliminate bacteria from tissue at any time, place, or circum­ stance. It is the purpose of this writing to examine the biologic problems encoun­ tered in preventing the development of a bacterial infection in the surgical wound as well as to outline a program of clinical management designed to take advantage of the information available.
Highly Sensitive Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Method to Detect Double BCR/ABL Fusion and Monitor Response to Therapy in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Gordon W. Dewald, William A. Wyatt, Amy L. Juneau, Richard O. Carlson, Alan R. Zinsmeister, Syed M. Jalal, Jack L. Spurbeck, Richard T. Silver
Journal: Blood (1998)