tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advancing probiotic research in humans in the United States: Challenges and strategies
Authors: Mary Ellen Sanders, Andi L. Shane, Daniel J. Merenstein
Journal: Gut Microbes (2016)

This is a summary from a workshop convened as part of the 13(th) annual meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics. A group of 24 stakeholders, including clinical experts, researchers, federal government officials, funding agencies, lawyers and industry experts met to review the challenges of the current regulatory approach to human research on probiotics in the USA and to discuss ways to move research forward. There was agreement that some of the current regulatory requirements imposed on probiotic research in the United States hindered research progress and increased cost without improving study subject safety. Many situations were outlined by clinical investigators demonstrating the impact of regulatory delays on research progress. Additionally, research is compromised when study designs and outcomes require manipulation so as to invoke less burdensome regulatory requirements. These responses by investigators to regulatory requirements have placed United States' researchers at a disadvantage. The public ultimately suffer when research to clarify the role of these products on health is stalled. Workshop participants concurred that regulatory oversight should balance study subject vulnerability with documented safety for the intended use for the probiotic strain, and that human research on foods and supplements should not be be regulated as drug research. Challenges and potential improvement strategies are discussed.
Sensing Conductive Hydrogels for Rapid Detection of Cytokines in Blood
Authors: Dong‐Sik Shin, Zimple Matharu, Jungmok You, Christian Siltanen, Tam Vu, Vijay Krishna Raghunathan, Gulnaz Stybayeva, Ashley E. Hill, Alexander Revzin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Conducting polymer hydrogel is fabricated atop gold or ITO electrodes and is functionalized with monoclonal antibodies. Binding of interferon-γ molecules causes redox properties of conductive hydrogel to change in a concentration-dependent fashion without the need for washing or sample handling steps. This conductive hydrogel remains functional in a fouling media such as whole blood. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Should 2016 Criteria for Macrophage Activation Syndrome be applied in children with Kawasaki disease, as well as with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Authors: Seung-Beom Han, Soo-Young Lee, Dae-Chul Jeong, Jin-Han Kang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Should 2016 Criteria for Macrophage Activation Syndrome be applied in children with Kawasaki disease, as well as with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis?We read with deep interest the paper by Ravelli et al, 1 who developed new criteria for the classification of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (So-JIA).The hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) diagnostic guidelines 2 have been successfully used in the management of primary HLH, but there have been several limitations to their use in secondary HLH or MAS complicating systemic inflammatory disorders including So-JIA. 3 4 In practice, the new criteria will be a useful tool for resolving problems in diagnostic or therapeutic approaches to these diseases.However, we are interested in whether the application of these criteria is limited to rheumatic diseases or can be extended to other causes of secondary HLH or MAS, such as Kawasaki disease (KD) and systemic infectious diseases in children.KD is included on the list of important causes of MAS in childhood. 5MAS in children with KD has led to similar challenges in early recognition, prompt treatment and distinction between KD and MAS. 5 6 This highlights the fact that MAS is a heterogeneous syndrome complex encompassing a broad spectrum of clinical features.Compared with the HLH diagnostic guidelines, the new diagnostic criteria will be highly sensitive and specific in children with KD, as well as those with So-JIA.Accordingly, we suggest that these new criteria should be used for MAS in children with KD and should be extended to any other systemic inflammatory disorders causing secondary HLH or MAS.Given the large degree of overlap between So-JIA and MAS, active So-JIA and MAS may be considered a single entity within a spectrum of severity. 4We cautiously presumed the possibility of similar relationships between refractory KD and MAS.The authors noted in their summary the importance of application of the new criteria through clinical studies.We plan to apply the new criteria for MAS in children with KD refractory to a second infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin in order to determine the relationship between refractory KD and MAS.
Combined Effects of GSTM1 Null Allele and APOL1 Renal Risk Alleles in CKD Progression in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Trial
Authors: Gabor Bodonyi-Kovacs, Jennie Z. Ma, Jamison Chang, Michael S. Lipkowitz, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Cheryl Ann Winkler, Thu H. Le
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Apolipoprotein L-1 ( APOL1 ) high–risk alleles and the glutathione- S -transferase- μ 1 ( GSTM1 ) null allele have been shown separately to associate with CKD progression in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) trial participants. Here, we determined combined effects of GSTM1 null and APOL1 high–risk alleles on clinical outcomes in 682 AASK participants who were classified into four groups by GSTM1 null or active genotype and APOL1 high– or low–risk genotype. We assessed survival differences among these groups by log-rank test and Cox regression adjusted for important clinical variables for time to GFR event (change in GFR of 50% or 25-ml/min per 1.73 m 2 decline), incident ESRD, death, or composite outcomes. The groups differed significantly in event-free survival for incident ESRD and composite outcomes ( P ≤0.001 by log-rank test). Compared with the reference GSTM1 active/ APOL1 low–risk group, other groups had these hazard ratios for the composite outcome of incident ESRD and change in GFR: GSTM1 active/ APOL1 high–risk hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 5.90 ( P =0.15); GSTM1 null/ APOL1 low–risk hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 3.88 ( P =0.03); and GSTM1 null/ APOL1 high–risk hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.51 to 5.96 ( P =0.002). In conclusion, GSTM1 null and APOL1 high–risk alleles deleteriously affect CKD progression among blacks with hypertension, and subjects with both GSTM1 null and APOL1 high–risk genotypes had highest risk of adverse renal outcomes. Larger cohorts are needed to fully explore interactions of GSTM1 and APOL1 genotypes in other subgroups.
Clinical trial resources on the Internet must be designed to reach underrepresented minorities
Authors: J. J. Wilson, R. Mick, S. J. Wei, M. Hampshire, J. M. Metz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6114 Background: Internet based clinical trial information services are being developed to increase recruitment to studies. However, there are limited data that evaluate their ability to reach elderly and underrepresented minority populations. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of an established clinical trials registry to reach these populations based on expected Internet utilization. Methods: This study compares general Internet users to patients who enrolled to an Internet based colorectal cancer clinical trials registry established by OncoLink (http://www.oncolink.org) and the National Colorectal Cancer Research Alliance (NCCRA). Observed rates of demographic groupings were compared to those established for general Internet users. Results: 2437 patients from the continental United States used the Internet to register for the OncoLink/NCCRA database. The highest registration rates were from the Mid-Atlantic, Industrial Midwest, and Southeast. The lowest rates of representation were from the Upper Midwest, Pacific Northwest, and Mountain States. When database-registered patients were compared to general Internet users, there was a significant overrepresentation of women and patients over 55 years old (see table). However, there was a significant underrepresentation of African Americans and Hispanics. Other minority groups were well represented in the database. Conclusions: Many cancer patients are willing to use the Internet to register to clinical trials databases. However, even taking into account the selection bias of Internet accessibility, there are still widely disparate demographics between general Internet users and those registering for clinical trials, particularly for participation of African Americans and Hispanics. Internet-based educational and recruitment services for clinical trials must be designed to reach these underrepresented minorities to avoid selection biases in future clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sarcoidosis in Identical Twins
Authors: N. S. Plummer, W. St. C. Symmers, H. I. Winner
Journal: BMJ (1957)

The identical twins whose histories are recorded in this paper were found to have sarcoidosis.While under observation because of sarcoidosis one of them developed torulosis (cryptococcal infection).The presenting manifestation of this infection was osteitis of one scapula, and as this resolved there was at first some hope that the infection might run a benign course- recovery from localized torulosis has been recorded several times (see Gendel et al., 1950); eventually, how- ever, the patient died of cryptococcal meningitis. CASE REPORTSThe twins were born in 1921.They had no brothers or sisters.Their father died of asthma and pneumonia at the age of 36, their mother of coronary thrombosis when 62. Except during the war, and from 1948 to 1952, the twins lived together in Kent.Both served in North Africa during the war, and the first twin also spent some time in India. First Twin-Sarcoidosis Complicated by TorulosisThis man, who was employed in an estate agency, married in 1946.In January, 1952, his wife had a small haemo- ptysis: radiography showed small, partly calcified lesions in the apical part of each-lung; tubercle bacilli were found in films of one specimen of sputum, and once subsequently in gastric washings.She was treated conservatively in a sanatorium, made a good recovery, and remains in good health.A radiograph of her husband's chest in February, 1952, showed some mottling of both lung fields.He was advised to come into hospital for investigation; as he had no svmptoms he delayed doing so until January, 1954.First Admission (January 7 to February 13, 1954) The only clinical abnormalities were two small, soft, mobile lymph nodes in the right supraclavicular fossa and one in the right axilla, very large but clean tonsils, and a nodule, about 0.5 cm. in diameter, in the skin over the fifth left costochondral junction.The scar of an inguinal herniorrhaphy, which had been performed in childhood.was healthy.Investigations.-Chest radiograph (Special Plate, Fig. 1): extensive infiltration in lungs, predominantly in middle and lower zones; no obvious hilar enlargement.Mantoux reaction negative (0.2 ml. of 1:10 old tuberculin).Serum albumin 5.5 g., globulin 3.7 g. per 100 ml.Hb 14.9 g. *These patients were mentioned briefly by Littman and Zimmerman (1956) on p. 37 of their monograph on torulosis.
The role of <scp>ORMDL</scp> proteins, guardians of cellular sphingolipids, in asthma
Authors: T. Paulenda, P. Draber
Journal: Allergy (2016)

A family of widely expressed ORM-like (ORMDL) proteins has been recently linked to asthma in genomewide association studies in humans and extensively explored in in vivo studies in mice. ORMDL proteins are key regulators of serine palmitoyltransferase, an enzyme catalyzing the initial step of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipids play prominent roles in cell signaling and response to stress, and they affect the mechanistic properties of cellular membranes. Deregulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis and their recycling has been proven to support and even cause several diseases including allergy, inflammation, and asthma. ORMDL3, the most extensively studied member of the ORMDL family, has been shown to be important for endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by regulating the unfolded protein response and calcium response. In immune cells, ORMDL3 is involved in migration and in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, changes in the expression level of ORMDL3 are important in allergen-induced asthma pathologies. This review focuses on functional aspects of the ORMDL family proteins, which may serve as new therapeutic targets for the treatment of asthma and some other life-threatening diseases.
Youth athletic development: aiming high while keeping it healthy, balanced and fun!
Authors: M Mountjoy, MF Bergeron
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Intimate partner violence is a serious problem worldwide and has long been identified as a significant health endangering factor. This study aimed to investigate the associations of intimate partner violence with alcohol abuse and mental health problems among persons with children. <h3>Methods</h3> We used population-based cross-sectional data from self-administered questionnaires collected in 2012–2013. The sample was randomly selected from the National Population Register in Finland for the Regional Health and Well-being Survey (ATH) (N = 65 000, response rate 53%). Respondents with children under the age of 18 were selected to this study (n = 6290). Associations between intimate partner violence and socio-economic factors, depression, alcohol use, and suicidal intention were analysed using logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> Among those living with children 10.8% of men and 11.2% of women reported experiences of intimate partner violence. Experiences of violence were most prevalent in the age group of less than forty years, among those who were married or cohabited (81%) compared to single parent, and who had basic education or secondary vocational level training compared to polytechnic or higher level training. In the univariate analysis factors which were statistically significantly associated with the experience of violence were cohabited (OR 1.0), having suicidal intentions (OR = 3.24) and reporting melancholic feelings or depression during last 12 months (OR = 2.48). Those with polytechnic or higher level education had slightly smaller odds for experiencing violence than those having basic education or less secondary level education. Alcohol consumption was not associated with experience of violence in this sample. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This national survey shows the necessity to recognise intimate partner violence and its associations to alcohol use, low mood, depression and suicidal intentions. These associations should be addressed when developing health and social services and health promotion.
Ex Vivo Cultured Megakaryocytes Express Functional Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Receptors and Are Capable of Adenovirus-Mediated Transgene Expression
Authors: Nauder Faraday, Jeffrey J. Rade, David C. Johns, Gopal Khetawat, Stephen J. Noga, John F. DiPersio, Ying Jin, Janet L. Nichol, Jeff S. Haug, Paul F. Bray
Journal: Blood (1999)
Euthanasia and the care of cancer patients.
Authors: W B Patterson, E J Emanuel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.7.1516 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7517444 Euthanasia and the care of cancer patients. W B PattersonxW B PattersonSearch for articles by this author , E J EmanuelxE J EmanuelSearch for articles by this author Show More Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.7.1516 First Page PDF © 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Neuraminidase Inhibitors and Influenza Infection
Authors: Michael Osthoff, Stefan Erb
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Population attributable fraction: names, types and issues with incorrect interpretation of relative risks
Authors: Belen Zapata-Diomedi, Jan J Barendregt, J Lennert Veerman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

The development of the original population attributable fraction (PAF) dates back to 19531 and it has been widely used, misused and miscalled since then. We discuss two main issues here: use of appropriate terminology and calculations of the PAF, and of the potential impact fraction (PIF). The PAF is the proportion of cases for an outcome of interest that can be attributed to a given risk factor among the entire population.2 Despite this clear description, it is not rare to find studies that call it population attributable risk (PAR). PAR is the difference in the rate or risk of disease for the population compared to the unexposed.![Formula][1]</img> 1 ![Formula][2]</img> 2 PAR is only one of the other names being used; as noted previously,3 ,4 there is great vagueness in the use of terminology. Other common names used are 'population attributable risk percent', 'excess fraction', 'etiological fraction' and 'attributable fraction'. … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/graphic-2.gif
Online Reviews of Physicians
Authors: Xiulu Ruan, Greg J. Bordelon, Alan David Kaye
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
SPECT study of regional cerebral perfusion in neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic patients who responded or did not respond to clozapine
Authors: V Molina Rodríguez, R Montz Andreé, M J Pérez Castejón, E Capdevila García, J L Carreras Delgado, F J Rubia Vila
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The purpose of this study was to find predictive criteria for response to clozapine.Single photon emission computed tomography studies of cerebral perfusion were done in 24 treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients while they were taking typical neuroleptics and again after they had been treated with clozapine for 6 months. Perfusion ratios of the subjects categorized as responders or nonresponders to clozapine and of the subjects in the two treatment conditions were compared. The ratios with significant between-group differences were compared to those from a normal database.Before clozapine, while taking neuroleptics, subjects who became responders to clozapine showed higher thalamic, left basal ganglia, and right prefrontal perfusion. Nonresponders to clozapine had lower prefrontal perfusion and responders had higher subcortical perfusion than subjects in the normal database. The subcortical perfusion of the responders decreased when they received clozapine.The study of cerebral perfusion may contribute to the prediction of response to clozapine.
Predictive Biomarkers for PD-1 Axis Therapies: The Hidden Treasure or a Call for Research
Authors: Kurt A. Schalper, Edward Kaftan, Roy S. Herbst
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Blockade of the PD-1 axis has emerged as an effective anticancer immunotherapy against various tumor types. Diverse studies have identified biomarkers associated with response to these therapies. However, the clinical use of such tests is limited by their variable performance and restricted understanding of their biologic significance. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2102-4. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Ock et al., p. 2261.