tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Developmentally regulated expression of CD3 components independent of clonotypic T cell antigen receptor complexes on immature thymocytes.
Authors: D L Wiest, K P Kearse, E W Shores, A Singer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

CD3 signal transducing proteins are thought to be expressed on the surface of T cells only as part of clonotypic T cell receptor (TCR) complexes. Contrary to this paradigm, the present study describes surface expression of CD3 proteins independently of clonotypic TCR complexes, but only on immature thymocytes. Such novel clonotype-independent CD3 (CIC) complexes are composed primarily of CD3 gamma epsilon and secondarily of CD3 delta epsilon heterodimers that are independent of one another and are expressed on the cell surface in association with an unknown 90-100 kD protein termed CD3-associated protein (CD3AP). CIC complexes are expressed in normal mice on early thymocytes through the CD4+CD8+ stage of development, but not on mature peripheral T cells. Furthermore, CIC complexes are expressed by both TCR- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) thymocytes and thymoma cell lines, in the absence of any clonotypic chains. The isolation and biochemical characterization of surface CIC complexes provides a structural basis for the signaling effects of anti-CD3 epsilon antibody treatment in early thymocyte development.
THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF COMBINATION FORMS OF VIRUS
Authors: George K. Hirst, Tamar Gotlieb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Double infection of the allantoic sac with Melbourne and WSN viruses induced the formation of a combination virus, which had some of the antigenic properties of both parents and which maintained itself through serial passage in the chorioallantoic sac. In the course of prolonged passage in the egg, three varieties of combination virus were found. The first (X1) occurred in ten passages and was characterized as follows: X1 was produced in and could be successfully passed from those chick embryos that had received very large inocula of virus. The X1 hemagglutinin was efficiently inhibited by both M and W antisera. Each passage fluid, containing X1 as the predominant strain, also contained large amounts of the parent forms M and W. It is very likely that X1 reverted to parent types of virus at a high rate. The second variety (X2) arose from the passage series of X1 and was carried for approximately 20 passages without definite alteration in its character. It differed from X1 in that it had the ability to appear as the predominant form occasionally in embryos that had received a limiting infective dilution of virus. Because of this, it seems probable that X2 reverted to parent types at a slower rate than X1. Like X1, this virus was never obtained in pure form and suspensions in which it predominated contained large amounts of M and W, especially the former. Good evidence was obtained that X2 reverted to M and W virus while multiplying in the chorioallantoic sac. X3 was derived from passage of X2 virus after 32 transfers and can be characterized in several ways: (a) X3 yielded the only X3 fluids on passage in eggs. This was in striking contrast to X2 which could not be passed without giving rise to some fluids in which M and W predominated, (b) The X3 hemagglutinin was weakly inhibited by all but the highest concentrations of M serum, but was strongly inhibited by W serum. X2 was readily inhibited by relatively small amounts of both sera. (c) X3 virus, after several passages at limiting dilutions, was neutralized to a highly significant degree by specific M and W sera. This is not necessarily an essential difference from the behavior of X2 since technical difficulties (large amounts of M and W in X2 fluids) may have prevented the demonstration of equally striking double neutralization of this virus, (d) After five limiting dilution passages, the X3 virus retained the characteristics listed under (a) to (c). It is felt that the foregoing facts justify the conclusion that X3 is a stable virus which combines some of the specific antigens of two parent types.
Skin conductance conditioning with dyshidrotic eczema patients
Authors: R.M. MILLER, R.W. COGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Skin conductance conditioning with dyshidrotic eczema patients Get access R.M. MILLER, R.M. MILLER Veterans Administration Wadsworth Medical Center, Los Angeles, California and Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles Dr Robert M. Miller, Dermatology Service (691/211), V.A. Wadsworth Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90073, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.W. COGER R.W. COGER Pain Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California and Veterans Administration Brentwood Medical Center, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 101, Issue 4, 1 October 1979, Pages 435–440, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb00022.x Published: 01 October 1979
Timing of adjuvant chemotherapy and tamoxifen in women with breast cancer: findings from two consecutive trials of Gruppo Oncologico Nord-Ovest–Mammella Intergruppo (GONO-MIG) Group
Authors: L. Del Mastro, B. Dozin, E. Aitini, T. Catzeddu, E. Baldini, A. Contu, A. Durando, S. Danese, G. Cavazzini, G. Canavese, P. Bruzzi, P. Pronzato, M. Venturini
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Culturally Appropriate Storytelling to Improve Blood Pressure
Authors: Thomas K. Houston, Jeroan J. Allison, Marc Sussman, Wendy Horn, Cheryl L. Holt, John Trobaugh, Maribel Salas, Maria Pisu, Yendelela L. Cuffee, Damien Larkin, Sharina D. Person, Bruce Barton, Catarina I. Kiefe, Sandral Hullett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a supplement. Background: Storytelling is emerging as a powerful tool for health promotion in vulnerable populations. However, these interventions remain largely untested in rigorous studies. Objective: To test an interactive storytelling intervention involving DVDs. Design: Randomized, controlled trial in which comparison patients received an attention control DVD. Separate random assignments were performed for patients with controlled or uncontrolled hypertension. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00875225) Setting: An inner-city safety-net clinic in the southern United States. Patients: 230 African Americans with hypertension. Intervention: 3 DVDs that contained patient stories. Storytellers were drawn from the patient population. Measurements: The outcomes were differential change in blood pressure for patients in the intervention versus the comparison group at baseline, 3 months, and 6 to 9 months. Results: 299 African American patients were randomly assigned between December 2007 and May 2008 and 76.9% were retained throughout the study. Most patients (71.4%) were women, and the mean age was 53.7 years. Baseline mean systolic and diastolic pressures were similar in both groups. Among patients with baseline uncontrolled hypertension, reduction favored the intervention group at 3 months for both systolic (11.21 mm Hg [95% CI, 2.51 to 19.9 mm Hg]; P = 0.012) and diastolic (6.43 mm Hg [CI, 1.49 to 11.45 mm Hg]; P = 0.012) blood pressures. Patients with baseline controlled hypertension did not significantly differ over time between study groups. Blood pressure subsequently increased for both groups, but between-group differences remained relatively constant. Limitation: This was a single-site study with 23% loss to follow-up and only 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion: The storytelling intervention produced substantial and significant improvements in blood pressure for patients with baseline uncontrolled hypertension. Primary Funding Source: Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change, a national program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Iκb Kinase α Is Essential for Mature B Cell Development and Function
Authors: Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Kiyoshi Takeda, Tohru Tsujimura, Taro Kawai, Fumiko Nomura, Nobuyuki Terada, Shizuo Akira
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

IκB kinase (IKK) α and β phosphorylate IκB proteins and activate the transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Although both are highly homologous kinases, gene targeting experiments revealed their differential roles in vivo. IKKα is involved in skin and limb morphogenesis, whereas IKKβ is essential for cytokine signaling. To elucidate in vivo roles of IKKα in hematopoietic cells, we have generated bone marrow chimeras by transferring control and IKKα-deficient fetal liver cells. The mature B cell population was decreased in IKKα−/− chimeras. IKKα−/− chimeras also exhibited a decrease of serum immunoglobulin basal level and impaired antigen-specific immune responses. Histologically, they also manifested marked disruption of germinal center formation and splenic microarchitectures that depend on mature B cells. IKKα−/− B cells not only showed impairment of survival and mitogenic responses in vitro, accompanied by decreased, although inducible, NF-κB activity, but also increased turnover rate in vivo. In addition, transgene expression of bcl-2 could only partially rescue impaired B cell development in IKKα−/− chimeras. Taken together, these results demonstrate that IKKα is critically involved in the prevention of cell death and functional development of mature B cells.
Reply from Authors re: Homayoun Zargar, Riccardo Autorino, Oktay Akca, Jihad H. Kaouk. Anatomic Complexity of Renal Masses and Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy: Do We Have an Answer? Eur Urol 2014;66:894–6
Authors: Scott Leslie, Inderbir Gill, Andre Luis de Castro Abreu, Jie Cai, Mihir Desai
Journal: European Urology (2014)
A Quality-Adjusted Time Without Symptoms or Toxicity (Q-TWiST) Analysis of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy for Resectable Rectal Cancer
Authors: R. D. Gelber, A. Goldhirsch, B. F. Cole, H. S. Wieand, G. Schroeder, J. E. Krook
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

Background:Combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy after surgery, compared with postsurgical radiation therapy alone, has been shown to improve disease-free survival and overall survival significantly among patients with poor-prognosis (i.e., advanced stage disease or metastasis to regional lymph nodes) resectable rectal cancer. However, the combined therapy is associated with more toxic effects, raising the question of whether the benefits of the treatment justify its quality-of-life costs for the individual patient.
Resistance of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells Is Reversed by Coculturing NK-like T Cells with Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Tumor-Derived RNA and CA 19-9
Authors: Carsten Ziske, Angela Märten, Björn Schöttker, Peter Buttgereit, Frank Schakowski, Markus Gorschlüter, Alexander von Rücker, Christian Scheffold, Nelson Chao, Tilman Sauerbruch, Ingo G.H. Schmidt-Wolf
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Immunization with defined tumor antigens is limited to the small number of cancers in which specific tumor antigens have been defined but insufficient tumor material is available to produce an antitumor vaccine. In this study, we investigated whether pulsing dendritic cells (DC) using a liposomal transfer technique with a pancreatic tumor cell line-derived RNA can effectively activate NK-like T cells and tumor immunity. Pulsed DC were cocultured with NK-like T cells, i.e., CD3+CD56+ cells, as immunologic effector cells. Target cells resistant to NK-like T-cell-mediated lysis were used. Total tumor-derived RNA transfected into DC was found to completely reverse tumor cell resistance. Total tumor RNA transfection (30 μg) was found to be superior to poly(A)+ RNA transfection (5 μg) in inducing NK-like T lymphocytes. Interestingly, additional pulsing of DC with the CA 19-9 peptide in a CA 19-9-positive cell line further increased the sensitivity of pancreas carcinoma cells to NK-like T cells. Treatment of tumor RNA with RNase completely blocked the effect of RNA-transfected DC on NK-like T cells, suggesting that intact tumor-derived RNA is needed for reversal of tumor cell resistance. In conclusion, coculture of NK-like T cells with DC transfected with pancreatic tumor cell line-derived RNA reverses pancreatic tumor cell resistance by directly triggering NK-like T lymphocytes.
Adjuvant Therapy for Stage III Colon Cancer: Economics Returns to Research and Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment
Authors: M. L. Brown, S. G. Nayfield, L. M. Shibley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

In 1989, the National Cancer Institute issued a clinical announcement advising physicians of the benefits of combined levamisole and fluorouracil as an adjuvant treatment for patients with stage III colon cancer.We have estimated the cost-effectiveness of the combined treatment and estimated the social return on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) research investment that led to this innovative cancer treatment.A computer simulation model, CAN*TROL, was used to estimate costs and benefits for a population cross-section receiving the adjuvant treatment. A method similar to "Q-TWiST" was used to assess the impact of quality-of-life adjustments.For a typical base-line case, the calculated cost-effectiveness is a very favorable $2094 per year of life saved. Using a variety of less favorable assumptions, cost-effectiveness is still less than $5000 per year of life saved, again a favorable value. Quality-of-life adjustments have a negligible effect on the cost-effectiveness outcome. The net present value of the return to the NIH research investment is estimated to be $1.66 billion.Under a wide range of reasonable assumptions, adjuvant therapy for stage III colon cancer appears to be a very cost-effective procedure. The investment in the research that resulted in this therapy promises to yield a high return.
The Role of Muscle Insulin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: François R. Jornayvaz, Varman T. Samuel, Gerald I. Shulman
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2010)

The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, and is associated with other comorbidities such as a proinflammatory state and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Its prevalence is high, especially among developed countries, and mainly reflects overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle. Moreover, the developing countries are not spared, as obesity and its related problems such as the metabolic syndrome are increasing quickly. We review the potential primary role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome, showing that in lean, young, insulin-resistant individuals, impaired muscle glucose transport and glycogen synthesis redirect energy derived from carbohydrate into hepatic de novo lipogenesis, promoting the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia and NAFLD. The demonstration of a link between skeletal muscle insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome offers opportunities in targeting early defects in muscle insulin action in order to counteract the development of the disease and its related complications.
Prevention and Treatment of Seasonal Influenza
Authors: W. Paul Glezen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Fever developed in a previously healthy 15-year-old girl, with a peak temperature of 102°F (38.9°C) and mild upper respiratory congestion. Oseltamivir therapy was initiated, but the fever persisted, and she began to vomit. She was taken to an emergency room, where she was found to be hypotensive. Despite intensive resuscitative efforts, she died 12 hours later. A viral culture confirmed influenza A (H1N1) infection.
Carbon monoxide of vascular origin attenuates the sensitivity of renal arterial vessels to vasoconstrictors
Authors: Jun-Ichi Kaide, Fan Zhang, Yuan Wei, Houli Jiang, Changhua Yu, WenHui Wang, Michael Balazy, Nader G. Abraham, Alberto Nasjletti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Rat renal interlobar arteries express heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2) and manufacture carbon monoxide (CO), which is released into the headspace gas. CO release falls to 30% and 54% of control, respectively, after inhibition of HO activity with chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP) or of HO-2 expression with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (HO-2 AS-ODN). Patch-clamp studies revealed that CrMP decreases the open probability of a tetraethylammonium-sensitive (TEA-sensitive) 105 pS K channel in interlobar artery smooth muscle cells, and that this effect of CrMP is reversed by CO. Assessment of phenylephrine-induced tension development revealed reduction of the EC50 in vessels treated with HO-2 AS-ODN, CrMP, or TEA. Exogenous CO greatly minimized the sensitizing effect on agonist-induced contractions of agents that decrease vascular CO production, but not the sensitizing effect of K channel blockade with TEA. Collectively, these data suggest that vascular CO serves as an inhibitory modulator of vascular reactivity to vasoconstrictors via a mechanism that involves a TEA-sensitive K channel.
Factors determining bone mineral density loss in chronic hepatitis B patients: is tenofovir disoproxil fumarate the main culprit?
Authors: U. S. Gill, S. Al-Shamma, K. Burke, V. Ross, R. Marley, P. Kooner, G. R. Foster, P. T. F. Kennedy
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bone Mineral Density (BMD) loss has been reported in chronic liver disease. In Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) patients, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) is recommended as a first line therapy, in accordance with EASL guidelines. Concerns regarding the long-term safety of TDF have been raised, in particular changes in BMD in HIV patients, but limited data exist on similar changes in HBV treated patients. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of TDF on BMD in an ethnically diverse HBV infected population undergoing long-term treatment with this agent. <h3>Methods</h3> In a single centre, CHB patients treated with TDF for a minimum 12 months were prospectively offered a dual x-ray absorptiometry scan. BMD loss was defined by WHO criteria; T-score &lt;−2.5 (osteoporosis) and between −1 and −2.5 (osteopenia). 83 consecutive patients were included (64 males), median age 45 (range 26–64). A control group, 27 patients with CHB (19 males), median age 32 (range 20–61), with no TDF exposure were also examined. Data on ethnicity, BMI, gender, fibrosis stage, comorbidities and drug history were recorded in all subjects. <h3>Results</h3> BMD loss was present in 45% of the treatment group (osteopenia 84%, osteoporosis 16%) and in 48% of the control group (osteopenia 85%, osteoporosis 15%). There was no difference in BMD loss when comparing both groups (p=0.45). In the ethnically diverse population studied, there was increased BMD loss in the non-White population (48%, treated group; 50%, controls) compared with the white population (33%, treated group; 40%, controls). By univariate analysis age, gender, fibrosis stage, comorbidities were all significant (p=&lt;0.05, all variables), but particularly ethnicity (p=0.009). At multivariate analysis only ethnicity, BMI and male gender met statistical significance (p&lt;0.015, &lt;0.017 and &lt;0.018 respectively), but not TDF. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This results demonstrate the prevalence of reduced BMD in CHB patients of diverse ethnicity, independent of TDF treatment. This cross-sectional study does not exclude the potential for BMD loss with TDF and further longitudinal studies are required to determine its effect on bone over time. Other factors also contribute to BMD loss, namely ethnicity and BMI, and should be given due consideration when selecting a treatment option.
Suicide Risk in Men with Prostate-Specific Antigen–Detected Early Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study from PCBaSe Sweden
Authors: Anna Bill-Axelson, Hans Garmo, Mats Lambe, Ola Bratt, Jan Adolfsson, Ullakarin Nyberg, Gunnar Steineck, Pär Stattin
Journal: European Urology (2009)
IL-18 and Urinary NGAL Predict Dialysis and Graft Recovery after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Isaac E. Hall, Sri G. Yarlagadda, Steven G. Coca, Zhu Wang, Mona Doshi, Prasad Devarajan, Won K. Han, Richard J. Marcus, Chirag R. Parikh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Current methods for predicting graft recovery after kidney transplantation are not reliable. We performed a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study of deceased-donor kidney transplant patients to evaluate urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), IL-18, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as biomarkers for predicting dialysis within 1 wk of transplant and subsequent graft recovery. We collected serial urine samples for 3 d after transplant and analyzed levels of these putative biomarkers. We classified graft recovery as delayed graft function (DGF), slow graft function (SGF), or immediate graft function (IGF). Of the 91 patients in the cohort, 34 had DGF, 33 had SGF, and 24 had IGF. Median NGAL and IL-18 levels, but not KIM-1 levels, were statistically different among these three groups at all time points. ROC curve analysis suggested that the abilities of NGAL or IL-18 to predict dialysis within 1 wk were moderately accurate when measured on the first postoperative day, whereas the fall in serum creatinine (Scr) was not predictive. In multivariate analysis, elevated levels of NGAL or IL-18 predicted the need for dialysis after adjusting for recipient and donor age, cold ischemia time, urine output, and Scr. NGAL and IL-18 quantiles also predicted graft recovery up to 3 mo later. In summary, urinary NGAL and IL-18 are early, noninvasive, accurate predictors of both the need for dialysis within the first week of kidney transplantation and 3-mo recovery of graft function.
Pentostatin in Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Javier Bolaños-Meade, David A. Jacobsohn, Jeffrey Margolis, Adam Ogden, M. Guillaume Wientjes, John C. Byrd, David M. Lucas, Viki Anders, Michele Phelps, Michael R. Grever, Georgia B. Vogelsang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In steroid-refractory aGVHD, mortality is very high. Pentostatin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, induces lymphocyte apoptosis and may be useful in the treatment of this condition.We have conducted a phase I dose escalation study of pentostatin in patients with steroid-refractory aGVHD. Twenty-three patients were enrolled. Starting dose was 1 mg/m2/d by intravenous injection for 3 days.The maximum tolerated dose was found to be 1.5 mg/m2/d. Late infections at the 2-mg/m2/d dose level were believed to be dose limiting toxicities. Lymphopenia was universal, but the neutrophil count was generally not affected. Fevers associated with neutropenia were not observed. Otherwise, the drug was well tolerated, with only modest elevations of liver function tests and thrombocytopenia, each being observed in a single patient. Twenty-two patients were assessable for response, including 14 complete responses (63%) and three partial responses (13%). Median survival after therapy for the group was 85 days (range, 5 to 1,258 days).The suggested intravenous dose for a phase II study will be 1.5 mg/m2/d for 3 days. Pentostatin has activity in patients with steroid-refractory aGVHD that is worth exploring in future trials.