tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to protein P in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: L S Teh, A E Bedwell, D A Isenberg, C Gordon, P Emery, P J Charles, M Harper, N Amos, B D Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A synthetic peptide was used to develop an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to the ribosomal proteins P0, P1, and P2. Significantly increased levels of IgG antibodies to protein P were found in 16% (18/116) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus but slightly increased levels were detected in 2% (2/98) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and one normal control subject. No association was observed between the presence of IgG antibodies to protein P and either lupus psychosis or depression. Sequential studies in individual patients failed to show an association between antibody levels and the development of psychosis.
STREPTOCOCCAL NUCLEASES
Authors: Lewis W. Wannamaker, Barbara Hayes, Walid Yasmineh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Preparations of streptococcal DNAse D with high specific activity and free of other streptococcal nucleases have been obtained by zone electrophoresis and column chromatography. Antisera prepared by injecting rabbits with such preparations specifically neutralize the activity of this enzyme. As with DNAse B, preparations of DNAse D regularly exhibit ribonuclease activity. For both B and D enzymes, the order of substrate preference is thymus DNA, yeast RNA, bacterial RNA; but the specific activity of the D enzyme is higher than that of the B enzyme with respect to thymus DNA and lower with respect to bacterial RNA. Both the deoxyribonuclease and the ribonuclease activities exhibited by preparations of both enzymes are inhibited by bacterial RNA, but approximately 100-fold greater concentrations of bacterial RNA are required to achieve inhibition of the deoxyribonuclease activity of the D enzyme equivalent to the inhibition of the B enzyme. The deoxyribonuclease activity of the D enzyme is also inhibited by yeast RNA, but even larger amounts are required. These observations indicate that the D enzyme is immunologically distinct from the other streptococcal nucleases and that it differs quantitatively from the B enzyme with respect to relative specific activities on different substrates and behavior in the presence of the bacterial ribonucleic acid inhibitor.
Interracial Practice in the Midst of Change
Authors: VIOLA W. BERNARD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author discusses changes in race relations in the United States during the last 20 years and ways they have affected psychiatry and psychoanalysis. Of particular importance are: emergence of new black consciousness and surfacing of anti-white anger and white professional responses to them; ways of correcting persisting institutional racism, which has led to racial imbalance and limited interchange among black and white professionals; and the need for self-searching among white professionals.
Junior versus Senior Physicians for Informing Families of Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Delphine Moreau, Dany Goldgran-Toledano, Corinne Alberti, Mercé Jourdain, Christophe Adrie, Djilali Annane, Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Laurent Papazian, Philippe Quinio, Frédéric Pochard, Élie Azoulay
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

To compare the effectiveness of information delivered to family members of critically ill patients by junior and senior physicians, we performed a prospective randomized multicenter trial in 11 French intensive care units. Patients (n = 220) were allocated at random to having their family members receive information by only junior or only senior physicians throughout the intensive care unit stay; there were 92 and 93 evaluable cases in the junior and senior groups, respectively, with no significant differences in baseline characteristics. Between Days 3 and 5, one family representative per patient was evaluated for comprehension of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in the patient; satisfaction with information and care; and presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. No significant differences were found between the two groups for any of these three criteria. Family members informed by a junior physician were more likely to feel they had not been given enough information time (additional time wanted: 3 [0-6.5] vs. 0 [0-5] minutes, p = 0.01) and to have sought additional explanations from their usual doctor (48.9 vs. 34.4%, p = 0.004). Specialty residents, if given opportunities for acquiring experience, can become proficient in communicating with families and share this task with senior physicians.
Tailoring BRCAPRO to Asian-Americans
Authors: Sining Chen, Amanda L. Blackford, Giovanni Parmigiani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

same regimens. 8,9 The way to minimize risks from treatment is to treat at the earliest stages of disease.We agree that it is difficult to summarize adequately the findings of a study from a media press release or news article.This is not a novel concept in reporting the findings of a study, and we hope no clinician gathers evidence for practice from reading only the headline of a layman's press article.We believe that it is the responsibility of clinicians to advise patients on all clinical studies, because even randomized studies do not often match individual patient needs and scenarios.The investigators hope that this study encourages such discussions between the patient and physicians.In summary, as more American women live longer and as the means of treating their comorbid conditions continue to improve, how to screen and manage elderly women for breast cancer will become an even more pressing problem.It is clear that more data are needed in these areas.Ideally, such data would be obtained through randomized controlled trials and would address not only mortality but local control and quality of life.Until such questions are answered, controversy will abound, and clinicians and patients will need to consider all facets of the debate in making appropriate individualized decisions.
A Simple Risk Index and Thrombolytic Treatment Response in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bruce Ovbiagele, Mathew J. Reeves, Mojdeh Nasiri, S. Claiborne Johnston, Philip M. Bath, Gustavo Saposnik
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> The Stroke Prognostication using Age and the NIH Stroke Scale index, created by combining age in years plus a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale score of 100 or higher (and hereafter referred to as the SPAN-100 index), is a simple risk score for estimating clinical outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The association between this index and response to intravenous thrombolysis for AIS has not been properly evaluated. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the relationship between SPAN-100 index status and outcome following treatment with intravenous thrombolysis for AIS. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Using the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA) database, an international repository of clinical trials data, we assessed the SPAN-100 index among 7093 patients with AIS who participated in 4 clinical trials from 2000 to 2006. The SPAN-100 index is considered positive if the sum of the age and the NIH Stroke Scale (a 15-item neurological examination scale with scores ranging from 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating more severe strokes) score is greater than or equal to 100. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent association between SPAN-100 index status and 90-day outcomes. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was a composite of severe disability or death measured 90 days after stroke, and the secondary outcomes were death alone and a composite of no disability/modest disability. <h3>Results</h3> Of 7093 patients, 743 (10.5%) were SPAN-100 positive, and 2731 (38.5%) received intravenous thrombolysis. Compared with SPAN-100–negative patients, SPAN-100–positive patients were more likely to experience a catastrophic outcome (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 9.03 [95% CI, 6.68-12.21]) or death alone (AOR, 5.03 [95% CI, 4.06-6.23]) and less likely to experience a favorable outcome (AOR, 0.08 [95% CI, 0.06-0.13]). However, there was an interaction between SPAN-100 index status and thrombolysis treatment (<i>P</i> &lt; .001) revealing a reduction in the likelihood of severe disability/death with thrombolytic treatment for SPAN-100–positive (AOR, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.29-0.71]) but not SPAN-100–negative patients (AOR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.85-1.07]). Similar interactions between SPAN-100 index status and thrombolysis treatment were observed for the 2 secondary outcomes. <h3>Conclusion and Relevance</h3> Compared with the SPAN-100–negative patients with AIS, the SPAN-100–positive patients with AIS seem to have poorer 3-month outcomes but may derive greater benefit when treated with intravenous thrombolysis. The SPAN-100–positive patients are often excluded from AIS clinical trials but should probably not be denied thrombolysis treatment on the basis of such a profile alone.
THE EFFECT OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN ON THE METABOLISM OF H<scp>E</scp>L<scp>A</scp> CELLS
Authors: Norman Strauss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

The effect of toxin on the incorporation of uridine and thymidine into nucleic acids was investigated. P(32) orthophosphate incorporation into the nucleoside phosphate fraction was also investigated. No early effect of toxin on nucleic acid synthesis was evident and only a slight effect of toxin on nucleoside phosphate formation was found prior to 1.5 hours after toxin addition. Both these processes, however, were found to be sensitive to dinitrophenol. These results are interpreted as indicating that toxin does not act by a general uncoupling of oxidation from phosphorylation. Other possible mechanisms of toxin action are proposed.
P56 Treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis: where are the guidelines for monitoring?
Authors: J. L. Keal, H. Khachi, E. Hanzaree, V. L. C. White
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Complex treatment strategies are necessary to tackle multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are well documented but currently there are very few guidelines for drug monitoring aimed specifically at the durations of treatment used in MDR-TB.1 <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively reviewed all MDR-TB patients seen at our Trust over the last 5 years to determine which ADRs were most common and how they are assessed. We examined epidemiological factors (age, sex, ethnicity, and duration in UK), drug regimens, duration of treatment, treatment completion, ADR monitoring, and ADRs reported. All patients had baseline blood tests, visual acuity and Ishihara plates. <h3>Results</h3> 18 patients were reviewed (12 male) with a mean age of 34.4 (range 10–80) years. One was HIV positive. Thirteen had lived in the UK for &lt;10 years (2&gt;10 years). Three were born in the UK (1 white ethnicity). Treatment regimens included a combination of 4–5 drugs selected from first line oral agents (pyrazinamide or ethambutol), 2<sup>nd</sup> line oral bacteriostatics (PAS, prothionamide, cycloserine), a fluoroquinolone (moxifloxacin or ofloxacin), drugs which have an unclear role, (clarithromycin) and an aminoglycoside used during the first intensive phase. Planned duration of treatment for all patients was 24 months. Nine completed 2 years, two completed &gt; 2 years, six are on-going and one died. Reported ADRs included nausea and vomiting (38.9%), visual impairment (38.9%), hearing loss (27.8%), tinnitus (27.8%), hypothyroidism (16.7%), arthralgia (16.7%), hepatic impairment (11.1%), renal impairment (5.6%) and also fatigue, headache, rash, pruritis and dizziness. ADRs were detected through a combination of self-reporting of symptoms and direct questioning. Appropriate blood tests and drug levels were taken regularly but not following a recognised protocol. <h3>Conclusions</h3> MDR-TB treatment regimens use toxic drugs over long periods. We support the development of a series of systematic evidence-based protocols for assessing ADRs and organisation of monitoring tests in MDR-TB patients which can be used by both physicians and specialist nurses. This should include baseline screening, regular blood tests, audiometry and visual testing as well as drug level monitoring.
Correlation of seasonal variation of 25-hydroxycalciferol with UV radiation dose
Authors: P. C. BEADLE, J. L. BURTON, J. F. LEACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Plasma 25-hydroxycalciferol levels were measured in ten normal subjects at approximately 6-weekly intervals for 1 year. The mean annual level was 18.4 ng/ml with a seasonal variation from 14 to 26 ng/ml. These values correlated well with serial estimates of personal UV radiation dose previously measured by polysulphone film badges.
Glibenclamide enhances but pinacidil reduces attenuation in sympathetic responsiveness after acute coronary artery occlusion.
Authors: M Ito, H P Pride, D P Zipes
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

To investigate the role of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in modulating the efferent autonomic response following acute myocardial ischemia/infarction, we examined the effects of a blocker (glibenclamide) and an opener (pinacidil) of ATP-sensitive K+ channels on the time course and extent of the attenuation in efferent cardiac sympathetic responsiveness in anesthetized dogs. We measured the effective refractory periods (ERPs) at nonischemic sites basal and apical to the area of myocardial ischemia/infarction in the baseline state and during bilateral stimulation of the ansae subclaviae before and after each drug administration and 5, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after latex injection of a diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Animals received either vehicle (n = 12), glibenclamide (0.3 mg.kg-1, n = 10), pinacidil (0.15 mg.kg-1 + 0.2 mg.kg-1 infusion, n = 10), or a combination of these two drugs (n = 9) intravenously. In another group of dogs receiving just pinacidil (n = 10), an intra-aortic balloon was inflated distal to the renal arteries to prevent pinacidil-induced hypotension. Another group of dogs received either high-dose glibenclamide (0.3 mg.kg-1 + 0.15 mg.kg-1, n = 4), low-dose glibenclamide (0.06 mg.kg-1, n = 4), medium-dose pinacidil (0.03 mg.kg-1 + 0.04 mg.kg-1 infusion, n = 4), or low-dose pinacidil (0.0075 mg.kg-1 + 0.01 mg.kg-1 infusion, n = 4). In all dogs, basal sites exhibited no attenuation of sympathetically induced shortening of the ERP throughout the period of acute myocardial ischemia/infarction. Cumulative attenuation in sympathetic responsiveness (shortening of ERP &lt; or = 2 milliseconds induced by bilateral stimulation of the ansae subclaviae) at nonischemic test sites apical to the area of ischemia/infarction during a 3-hour period was greater in the glibenclamide group (26 of 44 sites, P = .008) and less in the pinacidil (2 of 44 sites, P = .002) and pinacidil-balloon (1 of 48 sites, P &lt; .001) groups compared with the vehicle group (14 of 46 sites). Glibenclamide abolished the protective effect of pinacidil so that 10 of 45 sites had &lt; 2-millisecond shortening during a 3-hour period in the glibenclamide + pinacidil group (P = .018 versus pinacidil group, P = .286 versus vehicle group). Such effects of glibenclamide and pinacidil on sympathetic attenuation were dose dependent. Maintaining the blood glucose level during glibenclamide administration did not affect the sympathetic attenuation after acute coronary artery occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Changes in haematological parameters and iron metabolism associated with a 1600 kilometre ultramarathon.
Authors: K E Fallon, G Sivyer, K Sivyer, A Dare
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate haematological variations and iron related changes in the serum of participants in a 1600 kilometre ultramarathon run. PARTICIPANTS: Seven male and two female participants in a 1600 km foot race. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from the participants before, after four and 11 days of running, and at the end of the event. Samples were analysed by standard methods for haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total red cell count, mean red cell volume, mean red cell haemoglobin, total white cell count and differential, platelets, reticulocytes, iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, percentage transferrin saturation, haptoglobin, and bilirubin and corrected for changes in plasma volume. RESULTS: The following variables decreased during the event (p &lt; 0.05): haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean red cell volume, percentage lymphocytes, percentage monocytes, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and percentage transferrin saturation. Increases (p &lt; 0.05) were found in plasma volume, total red cell count (day 4 only), total white cell count, percentage and absolute numbers of neutrophils and reticulocytes, absolute numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes (day 4 only), absolute numbers of eosinophils (day 11 and race end), absolute numbers of basophils (race end only), platelets, ferritin, haptoglobin, and bilirubin (day 4 only). CONCLUSION: Ultramarathon running is associated with a wide range of changes in haematological parameters, many of which are related to the normal acute phase response to injury. These should not be confused with indicators of disease.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: resistance rates to first and reserve antituberculosis drugs in the UK in 2008/9 and the role of rapid molecular tests for drug resistance
Authors: S. L. Mitchell, N. Seoudi, D. C. S. Hutchison, F. A. Drobniewski
Journal: Thorax (2010)

At the Health Protection Agency National Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory (HPA NMRL) between January 2008 and December 2009, we evaluated in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB; isolates resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid) the rate of resistance to other first-line drugs (ethambutol and pyrazinamide) and to reserve drugs and the role of rapid …
Identification of antigen-presenting dendritic cells in mouse aorta and cardiac valves
Authors: Jae-Hoon Choi, Yoonkyung Do, Cheolho Cheong, Hyein Koh, Silvia B. Boscardin, Yong-Seok Oh, Leonia Bozzacco, Christine Trumpfheller, Chae Gyu Park, Ralph M. Steinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Presumptive dendritic cells (DCs) bearing the CD11c integrin and other markers have previously been identified in normal mouse and human aorta. We used CD11c promoter–enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) transgenic mice to visualize aortic DCs and study their antigen-presenting capacity. Stellate EYFP+ cells were readily identified in the aorta and could be double labeled with antibodies to CD11c and antigen-presenting major histocompatability complex (MHC) II products. The DCs proved to be particularly abundant in the cardiac valves and aortic sinus. In all aortic locations, the CD11c+ cells localized to the subintimal space with occasional processes probing the vascular lumen. Aortic DCs expressed little CD40 but expressed low levels of CD1d, CD80, and CD86. In studies of antigen presentation, DCs selected on the basis of EYFP expression or binding of anti-CD11c antibody were as effective as DCs similarly selected from the spleen. In particular, the aortic DCs could cross-present two different protein antigens on MHC class I to CD8+ TCR transgenic T cells. In addition, after intravenous injection, aortic DCs could capture anti-CD11c antibody and cross-present ovalbumin to T cells. These results indicate that bona fide DCs are a constituent of the normal aorta and cardiac valves.
Systematic Review: Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaws
Authors: Sook-Bin Woo, John W. Hellstein, John R. Kalmar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Osteonecrosis of the jaws is a recently described adverse side effect of bisphosphonate therapy. Patients with multiple myeloma and metastatic carcinoma to the skeleton who are receiving intravenous, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are at greatest risk for osteonecrosis of the jaws; these patients represent 94% of published cases. The mandible is more commonly affected than the maxilla (2:1 ratio), and 60% of cases are preceded by a dental surgical procedure. Oversuppression of bone turnover is probably the primary mechanism for the development of this condition, although there may be contributing comorbid factors. All sites of potential jaw infection should be eliminated before bisphosphonate therapy is initiated in these patients to reduce the necessity of subsequent dentoalveolar surgery. Conservative débridement of necrotic bone, pain control, infection management, use of antimicrobial oral rinses, and withdrawal of bisphosphonates are preferable to aggressive surgical measures for treating this condition. The degree of risk for osteonecrosis in patients taking oral bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, for osteoporosis is uncertain and warrants careful monitoring.
Calcium Intake Increases Risk of Prostate Cancer among Singapore Chinese
Authors: Lesley M. Butler, Alvin S. Wong, Woon-Puay Koh, Renwei Wang, Jian-Min Yuan, Mimi C. Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Consumption of dairy products, the primary source of calcium in Western diets, has been found to be positively associated with prostate cancer. In an Asian diet, nondairy foods are the major contributors of calcium. Thus, a study of dietary calcium and prostate cancer in Asians can better inform on whether calcium, as opposed to other dairy components, is responsible for the dairy foods-prostate cancer association. We examined calcium intake and prostate cancer risk among 27,293 men in the Singapore Chinese Health Study that was established between 1993 and 1998. As of December 31, 2007, 298 incident prostate cancer cases had been diagnosed among the cohort members. Diet was assessed at baseline with a validated 165-item food-frequency questionnaire. It is hypothesized that there is greater net absorption of calcium in smaller individuals. Therefore, the calcium-prostate cancer association was also assessed in stratified analyses by median body mass index. Vegetables were the largest contributor of daily calcium intake in the study population. Overall, we observed a modest, statistically nonsignificant 25% increase in prostate cancer risk for the 4th (median = 659 mg/d) versus 1st (median = 211 mg/d) quartiles of calcium intake after adjustment for potential confounders. The association became considerably stronger and achieved statistical significance (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-3.34; P for trend = 0.01) for men with a below median body mass index (22.9 kg/m(2)). Dietary calcium might be a risk factor for prostate cancer even at relatively low intake.
Self-collection of vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer prevention (MARCH): a community-based randomised controlled trial
Authors: Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Attila Tibor Lorincz, Aurelio Cruz-Valdez, Jorge Salmerón, Patricia Uribe, Eduardo Velasco-Mondragón, Pilar Hernandez Nevarez, Rodrigo Diaz Acosta, Mauricio Hernández-Avila
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Flow-Metabolism Mismatch and Severe Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Edward O. McFalls, Herbert B. Ward
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Images of myocardial blood flow (MBF) with [ 13 N]ammonia are compared with [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) from base to apex in same transverse projections.In anterolateral wall, blood flow is decreased in same regions in which FDG uptake is increased.This pattern has been called a "flow-metabolism mismatch" and is diagnostic of viable but ischemic myocardium.