tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sexual Practices, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and the Incidence of Anal Cancer
Authors: J R Daling, N S Weiss, T G Hislop, C Maden, R J Coates, K J Sherman, R L Ashley, M Beagrie, J A Ryan, L Corey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

To elucidate the risk factors for anal cancer, we interviewed and obtained blood specimens from 148 persons with anal cancer and from 166 controls with colon cancer in whom these diseases were diagnosed during 1978-1985. We found that in men, a history of receptive anal intercourse (related to homosexual behavior) was strongly associated with the occurrence of anal cancer (relative risk, 33.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.0 to 272.1). Anal intercourse was only weakly associated with the risk of anal cancer in women (relative risk, 1.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 4.2). Among the subjects with squamous-cell anal cancer, 47.1 percent of homosexual men, 28.6 percent of heterosexual men, and 28.3 percent of women gave a history of genital warts, as compared with only 1 to 2 percent of controls and no patients with transitional-cell anal cancer. In patients without a history of warts, anal cancer was associated with a history of gonorrhea in heterosexual men (relative risk, 17.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.0 to 149.4) and with seropositivity for herpes simplex type 2 (relative risk, 4.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.9 to 8.8) and Chlamydia trachomatis (relative risk, 2.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 4.8) in women. Current cigarette smoking was a substantial risk factor in both women (relative risk, 7.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.5 to 17.2) and men (relative risk, 9.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.3 to 38.5). We conclude that homosexual behavior in men is a risk factor for anal cancer, and that squamous-cell anal cancer is also associated with a history of genital warts, an association suggesting that papillomavirus infection is a cause of anal cancer. Certain other genital infections and cigarette smoking are also associated with anal cancer.
Abstract 3329: Human prolactin increased chemosensitivity of breast cancer stem cells in MCF-7 and primary breast tumors from HER2/neu transgenic mice
Authors: Eric Lee, Jang-pyo Park, Wen Y. Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background. Tumors are organized in a cellular hierarchy, in which cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the only cells that have the ability of self-renewal and differentiation. CSCs generally are in quiescent state and resistant to chemotherapy, which is one of the reasons that using conventional chemotherapeutics often leads to enrichment in CSCs. It is known that adult stem cells (ASCs) and CSCs share many common features. In adult mammary tissue, one of the distinctive features is its ability to go through multiple proliferation and involution cycles during pregnancy, suggesting that ASCs in this organ are readily responsive to female hormone regulations. One such hormone that plays a crucial role in this process is human prolactin (hPRL), which is required for mammary lobuloalveolar formation, terminal differentiation, and for synthesis of milk components. In this study, we hypothesize that simultaneous administration of hPRL with chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin (Dox) will increase the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic drugs towards CSCs through the induction of CSCs proliferation/differentiation by hPRL. Methods. MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and primary mouse breast cancer cells isolated from MMTV-neu transgenic mice were used in this study. Tumorsphere formation assay and ALDH activity measured by flow cytometry were used to measure the functional response of the CSCs after co-treatment of hPRL and Dox. Results. (1) hPRL treatment increased tumorspheres formation in both MCF-7 (1.3-fold ± 0.24, p&amp;lt;0.05) and primary mouse breast cancer cells (2.3-fold ± 0.34, p&amp;lt;0.001). (2) Dox treatment (25ng/ml) increased ALDH+ cell population (7.74-fold ± 0.42, p&amp;lt;0.001), despite the fact that there is no significant change in total tumorspheres number (3) Combination of hPRL and Dox treatment decreased 50% of tumorspheres formation compared that of Dox treatment alone. Conclusion. Our preliminary results suggest that hPRL is able to improve Dox's efficacy towards CSCs. Further studies are needed to validate the results. This novel therapeutic approach may open doors for designing new strategy for breast cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3329.
TCTAP C-036 Combinative Application of Different Methods for Heavily Calcified Coronary Lesion in Trans-Radial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Rotational Atherectomy, Buddy-Wire Cutting, and ‘Child-in-Mother’ Technique
Authors: Guang-Won Seo, Dong-Kie Kim, Pilsang Song, Ki-Hun Kim, Doo Il Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 1260: Generation of human T cells directed against an agonist epitope of a transcription factor involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Authors: Jo A. Tucker, Diane J. Poole, Claudia Palena, Caroline Jochems, Jeffrey Schlom, Kwong Y. Tsang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: The T-box family transcription factor Brachyury is overexpressed in a variety of human carcinomas, including lung, breast, colon, ovarian and prostate. Brachyury has been shown to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, a critical step in the path to metastasis. An HLA-A2 epitope of Brachyury has been shown to expand human T cells that are capable of lysing Brachyury-expressing tumor cells in an HLA-dependent manner. This study sought to define an agonist of this epitope in order to increase T cell activation and tumor lysis. Experimental Design: A novel agonist epitope of Brachyury was generated by residue substitution of the native epitope. Characterization of this epitope as an agonist included; comparison of HLA binding affinity and stability, interferon γ production by epitope-specific T cell lines, as well as Brachyury-and HLA-specific lysis of tumor cells. The presence of Brachyury-specific T cells that would recognize the agonist peptide, within the circulating PBMC of cancer patients, was determined by ELISPOT. Results: The agonist epitope was shown to bind HLA-A2 with higher affinity and stability than the native. T cell lines generated from both the native and agonist epitopes produced higher levels of interferon γ in response to stimulation with the agonist epitope. The agonist-specific T cell line was able to lyse a variety of Brachyury-expressing tumor cells more efficiently than the T cell line generated with the native epitope, and specificity of lysis was confirmed by cold-target inhibition and HLA-A2 blocking. Tetramer staining revealed Brachyury agonist-specific T cells in the PBMC of a prostate cancer patient after in vitro stimulation with the agonist peptide. PBMC from colon and ovarian cancer patients reacted to the agonist peptide in an interferon γ ELISPOT assay. Conclusions: An agonist epitope for Brachyury has been identified, which increased T cell activation and function as compared to the native epitope. T cells that react to the agonist peptide were detected in patients with carcinomas known to express high levels of Brachyury. This study supports the use of Brachyury as a cancer vaccine strategy, including the Brachyury agonist epitope. Citation Format: Jo A. Tucker, Diane J. Poole, Claudia Palena, Caroline Jochems, Jeffrey Schlom, Kwong Y. Tsang. Generation of human T cells directed against an agonist epitope of a transcription factor involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1260. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1260
ANGIOPOIETIN-2 MEDIATES ABNORMAL ANGIOGENESIS AND NON-SURGICAL BLEEDING IN PATIENTS WITH CONTINUOUS-FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES
Authors: Corey Tabit, Gene Kim, Savitri Fedson, Gabriel Sayer, Mitchell Coplan, Valluvan Jeevanandam, Nir Uriel, James Liao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
S6 Long term lung function outcomes in children born with abdominal wall defects
Authors: S Rajalingam, Q Mok, J Curry, None Eaton, E Fettes, J Kirkby, P Aurora
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Although survival following surgical repair of abdominal wall defect is now good, there are very few data regarding long-term lung function (LF) outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe LF at school-age for a post-surgery population from a single large centre. <h3>Methods</h3> All children having surgical repair of exomphalos or gastroschisis between 1/1/1998 30/6/2007 at our institution were identified, and those aged greater than 6 years were recalled for LF testing. Children born with major associated cardiac, genetic or laryngeal conditions were excluded from the study. All children underwent resting oximetry, body plethysmography, forced spirometry and carbon monoxide transfer test. Clinical and demographic data was also collected. Results were converted to z-scores to adjust for height, sex, age and ethnicity. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed with t-tests. <h3>Results</h3> 86 children were approached and LF data were obtained in 31 (12 Exomphalos;19 Gastroschisis) children aged ≥ 6 years. 22 children were male; the mean age at testing was 9.9 years (range: 6.4 14.4). When analysed as a group these children had significantly reduced forced expiratory volumes in 1s, FEV<sub>1</sub> ( -0.52 z-scores [95%CI -1.01,-0.04] p = 0.036), FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC (-0.88 [-1.21, -0.56] p &lt; 0.000), lung transfer factor, TL<sub>CO</sub>(-0.76 [-1.05,-0.47] p &lt; 0.000), TL<sub>CO</sub>/VA (-1.77 [-2.08,-1.46] p &lt; 0.000), functional residual capacity, FRC (-0.45 [-0.70, -0.19] p = 0.001), residual volume, RV (-0.36 [-0.61,-0.12] p = 0.006) and significantly increased alveolar volume, VA (0.95 [0.37, 1.53] p = 0.002). Forced vital capacity, FVC was normal (-0.01 [-0.54, 0.51] p = 0.96) When analysed as subgroups, children post exomphalos repair had significantly lower LF than those post gastroschisis repair, with a mean difference (95% CI of difference [Exomphalos Gastroschisis] ) in FEV<sub>1</sub> of -1.52 z-scores (-2.35, -0.68; p = 0.001); FVC -1.54 (-2.47, -0.62; p = 0.002); TLC -0.91 (-1.78, -0.04; p = 0.041). No significant group differences were found in the remaining lung function outcomes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the largest study to report lung function at school-age in children post abdominal wall surgery. We demonstrate that these children have significantly reduced lung function; and when analysed by subgroup, that those with a history of exomphalos repair have significantly greater defect than those with a history of gastroschisis repair.
AI-12 * ID2/KDR DRIVES FORMATION OF PRO-MALIGNANT MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS IN GLIOMA
Authors: Y. Huang, P. Rajappa, J. Bromberg, D. Lyden, J. Greenfield
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Evidence accumulated in the past decade supports a crucial role for bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) in the surrounding tumor microenvironment as critical components regulating primary tumor growth and malignant transformation. Multiple types of BMDCs, including macrophages, T-regs, and neutrophils, contribute to immuno-suppression, and pro-angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment. In our study, we demonstrated a sub-population of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peripheral blood in both mice model and glioma patients, which express KDR. The number of KDR+ MDSCs is positively correlated with pathological/histological grades of tumors. The Grade III and GBM patients have more KDR+ MDSCs than low-grade patients. In the cohort of patients diagnosed as grade II astrocytoma, the patients, who have higher number of KDR+ MDSCs, have less progression free survival. The functional role of KDR+ MDSCs has been studied with Rosa26-cre/KDRfl/fl mice (KDR-KO). The bone marrow cells from KDR-KO mice were transplanted into RCAS-tva/PDGF-BB mice at early stage (week 2). Knocking out KDR in bone marrow derived cells led to the delay of progression of low-grade tumor, which was driven by PDGF-BB. The median survival of tumor bearing mice was significantly increased. Moreover, we isolated KDR+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow of tumor bearing mice, and identified that the TGF-b signaling and inhibitor of DNA binding protein-2 (ID2) served as upstream mediators for KDR+ MDSCs during development of gliomas. With ID2 knockout mice, we recapitulated the phenotype of KDR-bone marrow knockout in tumor bearing mice. Further in vitro and in vivo assays showed the TGF- b/ID2/KDR signaling axis played an important role in driving differentiation of hematopoietic cells towards pro-angiogenic and pro-tumoral direction. ID2 and KDR in MDSCs promote angiogenesis and malignant transformation of glioma.
AB0136 Clinical Aspects and Pathogenicity of Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Glucose-6-Phospate Isomerase Peptide (CCG) Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: N. Umeda, I. Matsumoto, A. Inoue, Y. Tanaka, C. Takai, Y. Kurashima, Y. Kondo, H. Tsuboi, H. Ogishima, T. Suzuki, T. Sumida
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (Abs) (ACPA) have been reported as a hallmark of diagnosis and disease progression in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although several ACPA targeting citrullinated fibrinogen, collagen type II, alpha-enolase and vimentin have been confirmed, their pathogenic roles are still elusive. The Abs against glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) provoke spontaneous arthritis in K/BxN models. We previously demonstrated that anti-cyclic citrullinated GPI peptide (CCG) Abs were specifically upregulated in patients with RA and were linked to disease activity. However, the reason has not been clarified so far. <h3>Objectives</h3> To elucidate the pathogenicity of anti-CCG Abs in patients with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> 1) Anti-CCG-2, -4, -7 and citrullinated alpha-enolase-1 peptide (CEP-1) Abs were measured by ELISA in RA patients treated with infliximab (n=46) or tocilizumab (n=45). The levels of Abs were compared before and after six month treatment. Disease activity was evaluated by the disease activity score (DAS)-28 CRP. 2) The expression of citrullinated proteins were examined by immunochemical staining using anti-modified citrulline (AMC) Abs, which were kindly provided from Dr. Maruyama (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology), in RA and OA synoviums. 3) Anti-CCG-7 and CEP-1 Abs were purified from RA serum using peptide-affinity column. The deposition of anti-CCG-7 and CEP-1 Abs was examined by immunofluorescence staining in RA and OA synoviums. <h3>Results</h3> 1) Treatment with infliximab significantly reduced the levels of anti-CCG-2 and -7 Abs (P&lt;0.001, P&lt;0.01, respectively). Treatment with tocilizumab significantly reduced the levels of anti-CCG-4 and -7 Abs (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01, respectively), but not of anti-CEP-1 Abs. In each group, the mean value of the DAS-28 CRP decreased significantly after the treatment. 2) Citrullinated protein was specifically detected by anti-AMC Abs in the surface layer of RA synovium. 3) Affinity purified anti-CCG-7 and CEP-1 Abs were specifically deposited in their cytoplasm of RA synovium. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Treatment with infliximab or tocilizumab downregulates anti-CCG-2, -4 and -7 Abs, and this effect seems to be linked to disease activity. Anti-CCG Abs could be considered as markers for disease activity in patients with RA. Our results suggested that several ACPA recognized citrullinated protein in the surface layer of RA synovium. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2649
Comparison of EUS, CT and MRI in staging of rectal cancer
Authors: Hsuan Huang Pei
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the potential imaging modality to accurately evaluate local invasion and perirectal lymph nodes in rectal cancer. However, overstaging of early lesions and limitations such as operator and experience dependency, tolerance of patient, and limited range of depth of the transducer may affect the accuracy of EUS. The aim of this study was to assess the correlations of staging between EUS, CT and MRI before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CCRT) and the accuracy of these images in staging rectal cancer.
Polymerase Chain Reaction to Detect Hepatitis B Virus DNA and RNA Sequences in Primary Liver Cancers from Patients Negative for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
Authors: P Paterlini, G Gerken, E Nakajima, S Terre, A D'Errico, W Grigioni, B Nalpas, D Franco, J Wands, M Kew
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Polymerase Chain Reaction to Detect Hepatitis B Virus DNA and RNA Sequences in Primary Liver Cancers from Patients Negative for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
Abstract 488: Reprogramming cancer cells into terminal differentiation via induced pluripotency
Authors: Igor Matushansky, Xi Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are defined as somatic cells that have been “reprogrammed” (using either the four transcriptional factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc or Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28) to exhibit embryonic stem cell-like pluripotent differentiation properties. The generation of iPSCs was a great achievement for the field of cell transplantation and tissue engineering. More recently multiple cancer cell lines (e.g., leukemic cells, melanoma cells &amp; gastric cancer cells) have been successfully reprogrammed to the iPSC-state, at least as defined by (1) expression of genes specific to undifferentiated embryonic stem cells; and (2) pluripotency as defined by embryoid body formation in vitro and early markers of commitment to various differentiation lineages. However, the question that remains unanswered is: can the cancer derived iPSCs complete maturation along a given lineage, be it the lineage from which it was derived (i.e., originally prematurely blocked) or an alternative lineage? If the former were demonstrated it would in essence answer the question of whether global changes in chromatin architecture or ‘epigenetics’ (which are believed to underlie the mechanism of nuclear iPSC reprogramming) can supersede the specific genetic changes (i.e., mutations) in DNA that resulted in the lineage specific differentiation block and subsequent tumorigenesis. To attempt to answer these questions we generated iPSC-cancer cells from sarcoma cell lines representing undifferentiated sarcomas, osteosarcoma cells, liposarcoma cells, and sarcomas of unknown lineage. While the original sarcoma cell lines could not be differentiated in vitro into mature connective tissue cells, their iPSC-counterparts readily differentiated into multiple mature connective tissue lineages. Furthermore, assessment of proliferation indicated that acquisition of the mature phenotype was concurrent with cessation of proliferation; and thus abrogation of tumorigenicity. We are currently (1) performing gene expression, miRNA, and global DNA promoter methylation profiling in order to assess the mechanism by which iPSC-based reprogramming of cancer cells over-rides the inherent genetic mutations in these cells and restores the capacity for terminal differentiation; and (2) extending our work to carcinomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 488. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-488
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF TUMOR SIZE IN PATIENTS WITH KNOWN PRIMARY COLORECTAL CANCER HAVING PET SCANS WITH F-18 FLUORO-DEOXY-GLUCOSE (FDG)
Authors: V. Cronin, P. Galantowicz, J. Gona, H. Nabi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Center for Positron Emission Tomography, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York.
PROBLEMAS CLÍNICOS TRAS LA COLECISTECTOMIA. PAPEL DE LA CPRE
Authors: MA Martinez Menendez, E Alexandre Hurle, I Canteli Mañana, C Monte Carreño, E Barbon Remis, MR Sanchez Sanchez
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introducción: La colangiopancreatografia retrograda endoscópica (CPRE) es una técnica introducida a finales de los 60 y cuyo papel ha variado desde el puramente diagnóstico (desplazado parcialmente por la colangioresonancia) hacia el terapéutico favorecido por el impulso de la cirugía laparoscópica y mínimamente invasiva. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es revisar el papel de la CPRE en las complicaciones precoces tras la colecistectomía, su incidencia y su eficacia en nuestro medio. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo en el que se revisan las CPRE realizadas en los últimos 10 años (enero de 2003-diciembre de 2012) y solicitadas por problemas clínicos durante el primer mes tras la colecistectomía. Resultados: De las 1025 CPRE realizadas en el periodo de estudio en 15 casos (1,5%) la indicación fue el drenaje biliar mantenido (12) o la ictericia postoperatoria (3). El diagnóstico endoscópico fue en 6 casos escapes simples a nivel del cístico que se resolvieron con esfinterotomia endoscópica (EE) asociada en algunos casos a colocación de prótesis plástica temporal; 4 coledocolitiasis residuales que se resolvieron con EE y extracción y en 5 casos estenosis yatrógena de la vía biliar extrahepática 4 de ellas completas. En el caso de la estenosis incompleta (Fig) se intentó dilatación y se colocaron sendas prótesis plásticas en los hepáticos lo que resolvió temporalmente el problema, pero la paciente terminó en hepaticoyeyunostomia al igual que los cuatro casos de estenosis completa. Conclusiones: La CPRE es, en nuestro centro, una buena técnica para resolver aquellos casos de fístula por escape a nivel del cístico y los conocidos como “cálculos olvidados”. En el caso de las estenosis de la vía biliar principal por sección o ligadura durante la cirugía la eficacia de esta técnica es muy baja. Aun así, en centros con experiencia, y combinada con ecoendoscopia, se está consiguiendo evitar la cirugía.