tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase III trial (Prevention of Early Menopause Study [POEMS]-SWOG S0230) of LHRH analog during chemotherapy (CT) to reduce ovarian failure in early-stage, hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: An international Intergroup trial of SWOG, IBCSG, ECOG, and CALGB (Alliance).
Authors: Halle C. F. Moore, Joseph M. Unger, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Frances M. Boyle, Erika Hitre, David James Porter, Prudence A. Francis, Lori M. Minasian, Richard D. Gelber, Lori J. Goldstein, Henry Leonidas Gomez, Carlos Vallejos, Ann H. Partridge, Shaker R. Dakhil, Silvana Martino, William E. Barlow, Carol J. Fabian, Frank L. Meyskens, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Kathy S. Albain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

LBA505 Background: Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common toxicity of CT. Risk depends on type and amount of CT, age, and perhaps ovarian cycling at the time of CT. POEMS is a SWOG-coordinated phase III randomized study to evaluate whether LHRH analog administration with CT for early-stage breast cancer (BC) would reduce POF. Methods: Premenopausal patients (PT) age &lt;50 with stage I-IIIA ER/PR-negative BC to be treated with CT were randomized to receive standard cyclophosphamide-containing CT with or without monthly goserelin (GN) 3.6 mg SQ starting 1 week prior to the first CT dose. The primary endpoint is 2-year POF, defined as amenorrhea for the prior 6 months and post-menopausal FSH. Other endpoints include pregnancies and survival. Endpoints were analyzed in multivariable regression adjusting for stratification factors (age and CT regimen). Results: Between 2/04 and 5/11, 257 PT enrolled. Among 218 evaluable PT, 62% had complete primary endpoint data. Dropouts (n=83) were mostly due to deaths (n=14) or lack of FSH data. There was no strong evidence of informative missing data by arm according to stratification factors (p&gt;.05). POF rates were 22% in the standard arm and 8% in the GN arm (OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.10-0.87, p=.03 [unadjusted analysis]; OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.11-1.14, p=0.08 [adjusted logistic regression analysis]). In a sensitivity analysis defining 2-year POF more liberally as either amenorrhea or elevated FSH, 45% in the standard arm and 20% in the GN arm had POF (OR=0.29, 95% CI: 0.12-0.70, p=.006). There were 13 pregnancies in the standard arm and 22 in the GN arm (OR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.00-4.92, p=.05). DFS and OS were better in the GN arm (Cox regression, including stage: HR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.24-0.97, p=.04; HR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.18-1.00, p=.05, respectively). Conclusions: LHRH analog administration with CT was associated with less POF and more pregnancies. In an exploratory analysis, GN use in premenopausal ER-negative BC was associated with improved DFS and OS. Clinical trial information: NCT00068601.
Human Tissue Polypeptide Antigen in Breast Cancer
Authors: T Nemoto, R Constantine, T M Chu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were simultaneously measured in 108 patients with breast cancer, in 40 healthy women, and in 26 women with benign breast disease. TPA levels were elevated (0.09 μg/ml or higher) in 53% of 19 patients with primary breast cancer, and CEA levels were elevated (2.5 ng/ml) in 21%. Among 67 patients with metastatic breast cancer, TPA and CEA levels were increased in 70% and 61%, respectively. TPA was positive in 13% and CEA in 8% of the healthy women. CEA levels were not elevated in patients with benign breast disease, but levels of TPA were elevated in 27% of those studied. Elevation of TPA levels was more frequent in patients with visceral metastasis having higher values of the test results. Among 22 women with breast cancer who had no apparent cancer recurrence, TPA levels were elevated in 12 and CEA levels in 6. In another group of 39 patients with metastatic breast cancer who received palliative therapy, a limited correlation was noted between the clinical course of the disease and changes in TPA and CEA values measured in linear fashion. Thus TPA appeared to be equal to CEA as a tumor marker in most areas analyzed.
Prognostic significance for metastasis of Ki-67 and mitotic rate in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: P. A. Gimotty, P. Van Belle, D. E. Elder, K. Montone, T. Murry, R. Elenitsas, M. E. Ming, S. Hotz, J. D. Botbyl, D. Guerry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7516 Background: As malignancy is a disorder of cellular growth control, the assessment of cell proliferation rates in tumors has intuitive appeal as a prognostic marker. One such biomarker is Ki-67, a cell cycle dependent protein. Recent reports related to its role as a prognostic factor have been contradictory. Methods: This study includes 610 patients with primary melanomas who had no evidence of metastasis at diagnosis, who were followed for at least 10 years, and for whom paraffin blocks were available. Using immunohistochemistry, Ki-67 expression was quantified as the percentage of melanoma cells binding the monoclonal antibody mib-1 in a dermal “hot spot” of the primary lesion. Mitotic rate was quantified by routine histologic methods. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were obtained from the logistic regression analyses. A tree-based analysis (including 9 prognostic factors in addition to mitotic rate and Ki-67 expression) was used to identify risk groups. Results: The 10-year metastasis rate was 20.3% where 66% of the patients had thin (< 1.00 mm) invasive melanomas. Both mitotic rate (adjusted OR=1.07, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) =1.02 to 1.13) and Ki-67 expression (OR=1.33, CI=1.08 to 1.63) were significantly associated with ten-year metastasis rates, either independently or controlling for nine other validated prognostic factors. The final classification tree included mitotic rate, Ki-67 expression, thickness and anatomic site. Five risk groups were defined (see table below). Conclusions: Ki-67 is an independent prognostic factor for 10-year metastasis. It can be used to identify a subset of patients with lesions that have low mitotic rates who are at elevated risk for metastasis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Step training improves reaction time, gait and balance and reduces falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yoshiro Okubo, Daniel Schoene, Stephen R Lord
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Objective To examine the effects of stepping interventions on fall risk factors and fall incidence in older people. Data source Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, CENTRAL) and reference lists of included articles from inception to March 2015. Study selection Randomised (RCT) or clinical controlled trials (CCT) of volitional and reactive stepping interventions that included older (minimum age 60) people providing data on falls or fall risk factors. Results Meta-analyses of seven RCTs (n=660) showed that the stepping interventions significantly reduced the rate of falls (rate ratio=0.48, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.65, p&lt;0.0001, I 2 =0%) and the proportion of fallers (risk ratio=0.51, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.68, p&lt;0.0001, I 2 =0%). Subgroup analyses stratified by reactive and volitional stepping interventions revealed a similar efficacy for rate of falls and proportion of fallers. A meta-analysis of two RCTs (n=62) showed that stepping interventions significantly reduced laboratory-induced falls, and meta-analysis findings of up to five RCTs and CCTs (n=36–416) revealed that stepping interventions significantly improved simple and choice stepping reaction time, single leg stance, timed up and go performance (p&lt;0.05), but not measures of strength. Conclusions The findings indicate that both reactive and volitional stepping interventions reduce falls among older adults by approximately 50%. This clinically significant reduction may be due to improvements in reaction time, gait, balance and balance recovery but not in strength. Further high-quality studies aimed at maximising the effectiveness and feasibility of stepping interventions are required. Systematic reviews registration number CRD42015017357.
Cancer pain or "total" cancer pain?
Authors: A Khojasteh, J Chambers, S Khojasteh, M Keeney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.6.1198 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8501506 Cancer pain or "total" cancer pain? A KhojastehxA KhojastehSearch for articles by this author , J ChambersxJ ChambersSearch for articles by this author , S KhojastehxS KhojastehSearch for articles by this author , M KeeneyxM KeeneySearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.6.1198 PDF "Cancer pain or "total" cancer pain?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11(6), p. 1198© 1993 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Abstract 12401: Dendritic Cell Depletion Reduces Ischemic Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Yi Zhang, Junxi Wu, Hanrui Zhang, Mozow Zuidema, Cuihua Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Dendritic cells (DCs), which bridge the innate and adaptive immune response, are an important component in the pathogenesis of hepatic and renal ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury, however, the effe...
Grapefruit-derived Nanovectors Delivering Therapeutic miR17 Through an Intranasal Route Inhibit Brain Tumor Progression
Authors: Xiaoying Zhuang, Yun Teng, Abhilash Samykutty, Jingyao Mu, Zhongbin Deng, Lifeng Zhang, Pengxiao Cao, Yuan Rong, Jun Yan, Donald Miller, Huang-Ge Zhang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

The lack of access to the brain is a major obstacle for central nervous system drug development. In this study, we demonstrate the capability of a grapefruit-derived nanovector (GNV) to carry miR17 for therapeutic treatment of mouse brain tumor. We show that GNVs coated with folic acid (FA-GNVs) are enhanced for targeting the GNVs to a folate receptor-positive GL-26 brain tumor. Additionally, FA-GNV-coated polyethylenimine (FA-pGNVs) not only enhance the capacity to carry RNA, but the toxicity of the polyethylenimine is eliminated by the GNVs. Intranasal administration of miR17 carried by FA-pGNVs led to rapid delivery of miR17 to the brain that was selectively taken up by GL-26 tumor cells. Mice treated intranasally with FA-pGNV/miR17 had delayed brain tumor growth. Our results demonstrate that this strategy may provide a noninvasive therapeutic approach for treating brain-related disease through intranasal delivery.
Heart Failure Causes Cholinergic Transdifferentiation of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerves via Gp130-Mediated Cytokines
Authors: Hideaki Kanazawa
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Abstract #3089 Hideaki Kanazawa, Satoshi Ogawa, Keiichi Fukuda, Keio Univ Sch of Med, Tokyo, Japan Hideaki Kanazawa, 2009 Finalist and Presenting Author
[68Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT for Imaging of Chemokine Receptor 4 Expression After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Constantin Lapa, Theresa Reiter, Rudolf A. Werner, Georg Ertl, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Andreas K. Buck, Wolfgang R. Bauer, Ken Herrmann
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
Abstract 9793: Systematic Rhythm Analysis of Automated External Defibrillators Reveals a High Proportion of Shockable Rhythm
Authors: Marco B Hansen, Freddy K Lippert, Lars S Rasmussen, Anne M Nielsen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: There is little information about systematic downloading and rhythm analyses of data retrieved from Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) that have been deployed by untrained laypersons during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that a higher proportion of shockable rhythm would be detected with AEDs when compared to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) rhythm analyses.

Methods: In a 20-month study, we collected data on OHCAs in the Capital Region of Denmark (population 1.7 million) where an AED was deployed prior to EMS arrival. The AEDs were brought to the emergency medical dispatch centre for data downloading and rhythm analysis. EMS rhythm analyses were obtained from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Register between 2001 and 2010. A sample of 120 cardiac arrests would allow us to detect a difference in shockable rhythms between initial EMS and AED rhythm analyses from 25% to 50% with a statistical power of at least 80% at the 5% significance level.

Results: A total of 121 AEDs were deployed, of which 91 cases were OHCA with presumed cardiac origin. The prevalence of initial shockable rhythm was 55.0% (95% CI [44.7-64.8%]). This was significantly greater than the corresponding proportion recorded by the EMS (27.6%, 95% CI [27.0-28.3%], p<0.0001). Shockable arrests were significantly more likely to be witnessed (92% vs. 34%, p<0.0001), occur during exercise (28% vs. 2%, p=0.001) and have a higher bystander CPR rate (98% vs. 65%, p=0.04) (Table 1). More patients with initial shockable rhythm achieved return of spontaneous circulation upon hospital arrival (88% vs. 7%, p<0.0001) and had higher 30-day survival rate (72% vs. 5%, p<0.0001). There was no difference in EMS response time between shockable and non-shockable arrests (median, 5.7 min vs. 6.7 min, p=0.22).

Conclusions: In conclusion, AEDs used by laypersons revealed a higher proportion of shockable rhythms compared to the EMS rhythm analyses.

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A phase II trial of combination of capecitabine, oxaliplatin with bevacizumab in treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Preliminary safety analysis
Authors: M. R. Hewitt, W. Sun, D. G. Haller, K. Mykulowycz, C. M. Tuite, M. A. Rosen, M. C. Soulen, M. Caparro, B. J. Giantonio, K. M. Olthoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14098 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related death, with increasing incidence in USA. Most patients with HCC are unsuitable for surgery. There is no generally accepted ‘standard’ chemotherapy regimen for HCC because of the heterogeneity of disease and poor liver function in many patients. Continuous efforts have been made for investigating effective and tolerable therapy for patients with advanced HCC. This phase II study evaluates the feasibility and efficacy of the combination of bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine in patients with advanced/metastatic HCC. Methods: Patients with unresectable/untransplantable or metastatic HCC who have adequate bone marrow, liver and renal function (ANC ≥ 1,500/mm 3 , platelets ≥ 75,000/mm 3 , serum creatinine ≤ 2.0 mg/dl, total bilirubin ≤ 3.0 mg/dl, transaminases ≤ 5 upper limit of normal, and INR ≤ 1.5) are treated with the combination: intravenous bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) and oxaliplatin (130 mg/m 2 over 2 hours) are administered on day 1 of each 21- day cycle. Capecitabine (825 mg/m 2 , twice a day) is given days 1 to 14. Results: To date, 17 patients (male/female: 14/3) with median age of 57 (range 27–76) have been treated. The mean number of treatment cycles is six. After 12 cycles of therapy, one patient was withdrawn from the treatment because of side effect; the other is continuing his 13 th cycle of treatment. Six patients developed Gr. 2/3 oxaliplatin-related peripheral neuropathy and 4 patients had capecitabine-related Gr. 2/3 hand-foot syndrome. One patient had gastrointestinal perforation and sepsis right after his first administration of bevacizumab and oxaliplatin. There has been no treatment -related bleeding or arterial ischemia event noticed. Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest that the combination of bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine is encouraging and tolerable in treatment of patients with advanced HCC. [Table: see text]
A prospective study of the impact of the 21-gene recurrence score assay on treatment decisions in N-, ER+ early stage breast cancer patients
Authors: N. Ben-Baruch, A. Hammerman, S. Klang, N. Liebermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

11008 Background: The Oncotype DX™ Recurrence Score (RS) assay predicts distant recurrence risk and benefit of chemotherapy (CT) in N-, ER+ breast cancer patients (pts). In February 2006, Clalit Health Services in Israel (CHS) was the first public health insurer to reimburse the assay outside the USA. Methods: CHS requires a pre-authorization form with data on biological parameters and specification of treatment (R x ) recommendation (1) before knowledge of RS and (2) the R x planned according to each of 3 possible RS risk levels. For the first 200 reimbursed assays, we compared: (1) the R x offered without RS knowledge, (2) the R x the patient actually received after RS, and (3) the planned R x stated on the form to be given according to the RS. Results: 200 pts. Median age: 57 yrs (34–81). RS: Low risk (RS&lt;18), 37.5%; Intermediate (int) risk (RS 18–30), 44.5%; High risk (RS≥31), 18%. In 20 pts, R x recommendations before RS were not specified. Before the RS, CT was offered in 106/180 (59%) and hormonal therapy (HT) in 74/180 (41%). In 71/180 pts (39%) the actual R x changed from the recommendation before RS - CT to HT in 62 pts (low risk: 37, int risk: 21, high risk: 4) and HT to CT in 9 pts (int risk: 4, high risk: 5). Suggested therapy by RS was not specified in 19 pts. In 30/181 (17%) actual R x differed from planned - CT to HT in 20 pts (int risk: 17, high risk: 3) and HT to CT in 10 pts (low risk: 4, int risk: 6). Conclusions: RS changed the treatment decision in a significant proportion of pts (39%), mostly from CT to HT. In 58% of pts originally offered CT, knowledge of RS changed the R x to HT. 12% of pts originally offered HT were treated with CT. R x decisions in intermediate RS are sometimes not obvious. In 26% of intermediate RS, final R x differed from original plan; in these cases, patients’ preferences might have had a major impact on decision making. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The role of family caregiver in the head and neck cancer: Psychological distress and quality of life evaluation.
Authors: Mario Airoldi, Massimiliano Garzaro, Luca Raimondo, Claudia Bartoli, Simona Carnio, Gianluca Fora, Carlo Giordano, Giancarlo Pecorari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

5546 Background: The family caregiver (FCG) has become a hot topic. This figure among head and neck cancer patients is still largely un-investigated; aim of our study was: 1) to describe in a more detailed way the role of FCG, 2) to evaluate quality of life (QoL) and psychological distress of FCGs and patients 3) to investigate relationships between FCG’s wellbeing and patient’s QoL and emotional pattern. Methods: Sixty couples of patients and their caregivers were enrolled in this observational cross-sectional study between April 2007 and May 2011 at 1st ENT Division, 2th Medical Oncology Division and 2th Radiotherapy Division of San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Turin. Inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of SCC, advanced stage (III-IV), completion of curative treatment and no evidence of disease at the enrolment. Psycho-oncological assessment was performed using: Distress Thermometer (DT), Stay-Trait Anxiety Inventory Manual in Y1 and Y2 form (STAI Y1-Y2), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MDRS), EORTC-QLQ-C30 and Head and Neck-35 module and Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC). Results: Patients: state and trait anxiety are 46,7% (STAI Y1 mean value 40,2±10,2; cut-off 40) and 36,7% (STAI Y2 mean value 36,7±8,2; cut off 40) respectively; self reported and clinician rated depression are 31,6% (BDI mean value 8,2±5,3; cut-off 9) and 48,3% (MDRS mean value 7,9±5,9; cut-off 6) respectively.CGs: state and trait anxiety are 50% (STAI Y1 mean value 42,5±9,9; cut-off 40) and 41,7% (STAI Y2 mean value 39,1±8,7; cut off 40) respectively; self reported and clinician rated depression are 28.3% (BDI mean value 7,3±4,7; cut-off 9) and 41.7% (MDRS mean value 7,6±5,8; cut-off 6) respectively.Data analysis underlined a positive association among emotional scales of patients and caregivers. Patients’ psychological aspects are negatively associated with caregivers’ QoL and vice versa. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression are often present in FCGs and cured HNC patients. Long term patient's QoL is the result of a frail balance between FCG and patiet emotional and psychological distress. A psychological support for FCG could improve patient well-being.
Substitution-rate variation among sites and the estimation of transition bias.
Authors: J Wakeley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1994)

Substitution-rate variation among sites and differences in the probabilities of change among the four nucleotides are conflated in DNA sequence comparisons. When variation in rate exists among sites but is ignored, biases in the rates of change among nucleotides are underestimated. This paper provides a quantification of this effect when the observed proportions of transitions, P, and transversions, Q, between two sequences are used to estimate transition bias. The utility of P/Q as an estimator is examined both with and without rate variation among sites. A gamma-distributed-rates model is used to illustrate the effect that variation among sites has on estimates of transition bias, but it is argued that the basic results should hold for any pattern of rate variation. Naive estimates of the extent of transition bias, those that ignore rate variation when it is present, can seriously underestimate its true value. The extent of this underestimation increases with the amount of rate variation among sites. An example using human mitochondrial DNA shows that a simple comparison of the proportions of transitions and transversions in recently diverged sequences underestimates the level of transition bias by approximately 15%. This does not depend on the use of P/Q to estimate transition bias; maximum-likelihood methods give similar results.