tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Should doctors charge doctors for medical services?
Authors: N. Pollitt
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>OBJECTIVE:</h3> To determine the relation between maternal Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in newborns. <h3>METHODS:</h3> This hospital-based case-control study was carried out in Dezyani Teaching Hospital, Gorgan, Northern Iran from April 2007 to March 2009. Thirty-five mothers with NTD-affected newborns, and 53 mothers with healthy newborns were considered the cases and controls. A peripheral blood sample was obtained from all subjects, and H. pylori infections were tested by H. pylori serum antibody. The serum folic acid, vitamin B12, ferritin, and homocysteine concentrations were measured by laboratory tests. Data were analyzed using odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Forty-three percent of cases, and 26% of controls were positive for H. pylori IgG antibody, and this difference was not significant. The H. pylori seropositivity non significantly increased the risk of NTD-affected pregnancies (OR: 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84-5.17, p=0.11). Serum vitamin B12 deficiency was detected in 17% of cases and 13% of controls, and folic acid deficiency in 17% of cases and 13% of controls (p=0.61). The H. pylori seropositivity was non significantly associated with low serum folate (OR 1.93 CI: 0.58-6.4, p=0.34) and ferritin (OR 1.24; CI: 0.42-3.60, p=0.68). <h3>CONCLUSION:</h3> Maternal H. pylori infection can increase the risk of occurrence of NTDs in newborns.
Withdrawn: Effect of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors on the anti-tumor activity of poly-s-nitrosated human serum albumin
Authors: Mayumi Ikeda, Yu Ishima, Ryo Kinoshita, Hiroshi Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Ikeda, Masaki Otagiri, Toru Maruyama
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
Modification and Implementation of NCCN Guidelines™ on Lymphomas in the Middle East and North Africa Region
Authors: Ali Bazarbachi, Hamdy A. Azim, Hussain Alizadeh, Mahmoud Aljurf, Ibrahim Barista, Naeem A. Chaudhri, Zahira Fahed, Omar A. Fahmy, Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh, Mohamed H. Khalaf, Sami Khatib, Aghiad Kutoubi, Semra Paydas, Hanadi Rafii Elayoubi, Ghazi Zaatari, Hamdy M. Zawam, Andrew D. Zelenetz
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, cancer has many epidemiologic and clinical features that are different from those in the rest of the world. Additionally, the region has a relatively young population and large disparities in the availability of resources at diagnostic and treatment levels. A critical need exists for regional guidelines on cancer care, including those for lymphoid malignancies. A panel of lymphoma experts from MENA reviewed the 2009 version of the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) on Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma and suggested modifications for the region that were discussed with the United States NCCN Lymphoma Panels. This article presents the consensus recommendations.
Different spatial distributions of brain metastases from lung cancer by histological subtype and mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Koji Takano, Manabu Kinoshita, Masatoshi Takagaki, Mio Sakai, Souichirou Tateishi, Takamune Achiha, Ryuichi Hirayama, Kazumi Nishino, Junji Uchida, Toru Kumagai, Jiro Okami, Atsushi Kawaguchi, Naoya Hashimoto, Katsuyuki Nakanishi, Fumio Imamura, Masahiko Higashiyama, Toshiki Yoshimine
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the genetic backgrounds of lung cancers could affect the spatial distribution of brain metastases.CT or MR images of 200 patients with a total of 1033 treatment-naive brain metastases from lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed (23 by CT and 177 by MRI). All images were standardized to the human brain MRI atlas provided by the Montreal Neurological Institute 152 database. Locations, depths from the brain surface, and sizes of the lesions after image standardization were analyzed.The posterior fossa, the anatomic "watershed areas," and the gray-white matter junction were confirmed to be more commonly affected by lung cancer brain metastases, and brain metastases with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) L858R mutation occurred more often in the caudate, cerebellum, and temporal lobe than those with exon 19 deletion of EGFR. Median depths of the lesions from the brain surface were 13.7 mm (range, 8.6-21.9) for exon 19 deleted EGFR, 11.5 mm (6.6-16.8) for L858R mutated, and 15.0 mm (10.0-20.7) for wild-type EGFR. Lesions with L858R mutated EGFR were located significantly closer to the brain surface than lesions with exon 19 deleted or wild-type EGFR (P = .0032 and P < .0001, respectively). Furthermore, brain metastases of adenocarcinoma lung cancer patients with a history of chemotherapy but not molecular targeted therapy were located significantly deeper from the brain surface (P = .0002).This analysis is the first to reveal the relationship between EGFR mutation status and the spatial distribution of brain metastases of lung cancer.
Direct evidence that thromboxane mimetic U44069 preferentially constricts the afferent arteriole.
Authors: K Hayashi, R Loutzenhiser, M Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

The thromboxane A2 (TXA2) mimetic U44069 has been demonstrated to reduce the GFR and filtration fraction of the normal isolated perfused rat kidney markedly, suggesting a predominant constriction of preglomerular vessels. To assess this possibility directly, effects of U44069 on the renal microvessels of the isolated perfused hydronephrotic kidney were examined. At 10(-6) mol/L, U44069 elicited a 27 +/- 2% decrease in afferent arteriolar (AA) diameter (from 18.8 +/- 0.3 to 13.7 +/- 0.3 micron, P < 0.001). In contrast, efferent arteriolar (EA) diameter decreased by only 9 +/- 1% (from 16.4 +/- 0.5 to 15.0 +/- 0.5 micron, P < 0.001). These effects on both AA and EA were completely reversed by the TXA2 receptor antagonist SQ29548. The calcium antagonist diltiazem reversed U44069-induced AA constriction by 83 +/- 5%. The U44069-induced EA constriction was insensitive to the vasodilator action of diltiazem at concentrations from 10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L, but at 10(-5) mol/L, diltiazem increased the EA diameter significantly, albeit modestly. Nifedipine also reversed the U44069-induced AA constriction (81 +/- 7%), but failed to inhibit the EA constriction at concentrations from 10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/L. These findings constitute the first direct evidence that a TXA2 agonist preferentially constricts the afferent arteriole. Furthermore, the ability of both the calcium antagonist and SQ29548 to reverse the renal microvascular actions of TXA2 agonists suggests a potential utility of these agents in ameliorating TXA2-induced renal hemodynamic abnormalities.
Correction: CD8+ T Cells Regulate Bone Tumor Burden Independent of Osteoclast Resorption
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

In this article (Cancer Res 2011;71:4799–808), which was published in the July 15,2011, issue of Cancer Research (1), the author listing was incomplete. Speciﬁcally,the listing was missing an institution. In addition, a funding source and grantnumber were missing from the Acknowledgments section.The correct author listing and missing acknowledgments are provided. Theauthors regret these errors.Kaihua Zhang
Les légionnelloses déclarées en France en 2001
Authors: C Campese, B Decludt
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

En 2001, 807 cas de legionnellose ont ete declares a l'Institut de veille sanitaire. L'incidence de la maladie etait de 1,35 cas pour 100 000 habitants, comparee a une incidence moyenne de 0,6 cas pour 100 000 en Europe. L'âge median des patients etait de 59 ans [16-97 ans], le groupe des plus de 80 ans etant le plus touche. Le sexe ratio H/F etait de 3,1. L'evolution de la maladie etait connue pour 69% des cas (558/807), avec un taux de letalite de 19,9% (111 deces/558). Parmi les facteurs favorisants retrouves chez 558 cas, on retrouve, entre autres, un cancer ou une hemopathie (11%), un traitement immunosuppresseur (12%), un diabete (10%), le tabagisme (40%). En 2001, 13% (105/807) des cas avaient sejourne dans un hopital ou une clinique pendant la periode d’incubation compares a 20% en 2000, et 11% des cas etaient lies a un voyage.
Bichat clinical guidelines for bioterrorist agents
Authors: P Bossi, F van Loock, A Tegnell, G Gouvras
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

The deliberate release of anthrax in the United States shortly after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 brought about a radical change in people's perception of the risk of bioterrorism. These bioterrorist events, unlike others before, had a worldwide impact not only in respect of security and public health but also in other sectors. Governments and international entities with responsibilities related to maintenance of peace, security, safety and health protection reviewed urgently their political, economic, diplomatic, military and legal means to face up to such attacks and embarked upon major efforts to increase their preparedness.
Sex differences in psychiatrists' practice patterns and incomes
Authors: T H Dial, P E Grimes, E Leibenluft, H A Pincus
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Using data from the APA's 1988-1989 Professional Activities Survey, the authors compared male and female psychiatrists on demographic characteristics, training, practice patterns, and income.In keeping with previous studies' findings, female respondents on the average were younger than male respondents and more likely to have taken a residency or fellowship in child or adolescent psychiatry, worked fewer hours per week, allocated their working hours differently among types of activities, saw fewer patients per week, and worked in somewhat different settings. Multiple regression analysis showed that women had significantly lower mean net annual income than men after the effects of those predictors were statistically controlled.Differences in age, training, hours worked in specific settings, and numbers of patients do not completely account for the gender gap in psychiatrists' annual incomes.
Olympic weightlifting training improves vertical jump height in sportspeople: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Daniel Hackett, Tim Davies, Najeebullah Soomro, Mark Halaki
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Purpose This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of Olympic weightlifting (OW) on vertical jump (VJ) height compared to a control condition, traditional resistance training and plyometric training. Methods Five electronic databases were searched using terms related to OW and VJ. Studies needed to include at least one OW exercise, an intervention lasting ≥6 weeks; a comparison group of control, traditional resistance training or plyometric training; and to have measured VJ height. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Downs and Black Checklist. Random and fixed effects meta-analyses were performed to pool the results of the included studies and generate a weighted mean effect size (ES). Results Six studies (seven articles) were included in the meta-analyses and described a total of 232 participants (175 athletes and 57 physical education students) with resistance training experience, aged 19.5±2.2 years. Three studies compared OW versus control; four studies compared OW versus traditional resistance training; and three studies compared OW versus plyometric training. Meta-analyses indicated OW improved VJ height by 7.7% (95% CI 3.4 to 5.4 cm) compared to control (ES=0.62, p=0.03) and by 5.1% (95% CI 2.2 to 3.0 cm) compared to traditional resistance training (ES=0.64 p=0.00004). Change in VJ height was not different for OW versus plyometric training. Conclusions OW is an effective training method to improve VJ height. The similar effects observed for OW and plyometric training on VJ height suggests that either of these methods would be beneficial when devising training programmes to improve VJ height.
Literature and Medicine:
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Offering an authoritative and timely account of the relationship between literature and medicine in the eighteenth century and Romantic period, a time when most diseases had no cure, this collection provides a valuable overview of how two dynamic fields influenced and shaped one another. Covering a period in which both medicine and literature underwent frequent and sometimes radical change, the volume examines the complex mutual construction of these two fields via various perspectives: disability, gender, race, rank, sexuality, the global and colonial, politics, ethics, and the visual. Diseases, fashionable and otherwise, such as Defoe's representation of the plague, feature strongly, as authors argue for the role literary genres play in affecting people's experience of physical and mental illness (and health) across the volume. Along with its sister publication, Literature and Medicine in the Nineteenth Century, this volume offers a major critical overview of the study of literature and medicine.
Hepatoblastoma in an Infant after Contraceptive Intake during Pregnancy
Authors: J Otten, R Smets, R De Jager, A Gerard, R Maurus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

In recent studies an association between the use of contraceptive steroids and the development of benign liver adenomas has been suggested.  To our knowledge nothing has been reported about a possible tumorigenic effect to the fetus if the mother inadvertently continues to use oral contraceptives into pregnancy.  We observed a 7-month-old male infant with an inoperable hepatoblastoma of the mixed type.  Parents and grandparents were in good health.  Among the great grandparents 3 had died of cancer: of a hypernephroma of a tumor of the colon and of a liver cancer (possibly a hepatoma).  At the time of conception the mother used 18-methyl-norethisterone (Norgestrel Wyeth) and continued to take the drug during the first 3 months of pregnancy at a dose of 30 mcg daily.  This synthetic progestative steroid is used on a continuous schedule at a very low dose.  We wonder whether the intake of this contraceptive had any role in the origin of the infants hepatoblastoma.  The frequency of prolonged inadvertent use of oral contraceptives during pregnancy is unknown.  Epidemiologic surveys on untoward effects of oral contraceptives should follow up children exposed to synthetic steriods during their fetal life.  Hepatoblastoma is a very rare tumor.  If a link with fetal exposure to synthetic steriods really exists epidemiologic studies should disclose it rather easily.  (FULL TEXT)
Tumors Of The Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: I Penn
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1988)

Immunocompromised patients are prone to develop certain malignancies, particularly involving cells of the immune system itself (1-3). In this chapter we describe the various neoplasms, note the differences between these and similar cancers in the general population, emphasize similar tumor patterns in different types of immunodeficiency, and discuss possible etiologic factors.
General practitioners' separate out of hours contract
Authors: A Fraser-Moodie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

corticosteroid treatment.2'Unfortunately, limited data to support this practice have been published.One study, however, showed no significant changes in lumbar spine density in women taking oestrogen and prednisolone compared with those taking oestrogen replacement without corticosteroids,4 and another showed hormone replacement therapy to be effective in preserving bone mass in post- menopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis taking low dose corticosteroids.5We suggest that, while more information is awaited, the likely benefit of this form of prophylaxis should be considered in these patients.
Establishment and Validation of Prognostic Nomograms for Endemic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lin-Quan Tang, Chao-Feng Li, Jing Li, Wen-Hui Chen, Qiu-Yan Chen, Lian-Xiong Yuan, Xiao-Ping Lai, Yun He, Yun-Xiu-Xiu Xu, Dong-Peng Hu, Shi-Hua Wen, Yu-Tuan Peng, Lu Zhang, Shan-Shan Guo, Li-Ting Liu, Ling Guo, Yi-Shan Wu, Dong-Hua Luo, Pei-Yu Huang, Hao-Yuan Mo, Yan-Qun Xiang, Rui Sun, Ming-Yuan Chen, Yi-Jun Hua, Xing Lv, Lin Wang, Chong Zhao, Ka-Jia Cao, Chao-Nan Qian, Xiang Guo, Yi-Xin Zeng, Hai-Qiang Mai, Mu-Sheng Zeng
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

This study aimed to establish an effective prognostic nomogram with or without plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBV DNA) for nondisseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The nomogram was based on a retrospective study of 4630 patients who underwent radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from 2007 to 2009. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by a concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve and were compared with EBV DNA and the current staging system. The results were validated using bootstrap resampling and a prospective cohort study on 1819 patients consecutively enrolled from 2011 to 2012 at the same institution. All statistical tests were two-sided. Independent factors derived from multivariable analysis of the primary cohort to predict recurrence were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), T stage, N stage, plasma EBV DNA, pretreatment high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hemoglobin level (HGB), which were all assembled into the nomogram with (nomogram B) or without EBV DNA (nomogram A). The calibration curve for the probability of recurrence showed that the nomogram-based predictions were in good agreement with actual observations. The C-index of nomogram B for predicting recurrence was 0.728 (P < .001), which was statistically higher than the C-index values for nomogram A (0.690), EBV DNA (0.680), and the current staging system (0.609). The C-index of nomogram B (0.730) and nomogram A (0.681) remained higher for predicting recurrence among patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (P < .001). The results were confirmed in the validation cohort. The proposed nomogram with or without plasma EBV DNA resulted in more accurate prognostic prediction for NPC patients.
Proton-Pump Inhibitors Are Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Risk Independent of Clopidogrel Use
Authors: Mette Charlot, Ole Ahlehoff, Mette Lykke Norgaard, Casper H. Jørgensen, Rikke Sørensen, Steen Z. Abildstrøm, Peter Riis Hansen, Jan Kyst Madsen, Lars Køber, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar Gislason
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Based on administrative data from all hospitals in Denmark, this observational study examined the risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes related to concomitant use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs...
Contrasting Patterns of Geographic Variation Shown by mtDNA and Karyotype Organization in Two Subspecies of Caledia captiva (Orthoptera)
Authors: Adam Marchant, David Shaw
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1993)

MitochondrialDNA variation is compared with variation of chromosome structure, in two subspecies of Culedia cuptiva (F.) (Orthoptera:Acrididae: Acridinae) .One subspecies is widespread, is conservative in chromosome structure, but has considerable geographic variation of mitochondrial DNA.In the other, mitochondrial DNA shows very little differentiation, but each chromosome shows concordant clines in the position of its centromere.We argue that data discussed here suggest the action of natural selection on the physical structure of chromosomes and karyotype organization.1.
An Evidence-Based Approach to the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Marco G. Patti
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is prevalent worldwide, particularly in developed countries. It is estimated that the prevalence of GERD in the United States is approximately 20% and that it is increasing because of the epidemic of obesity.To review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of GERD.A search of PubMed was conducted for the years spanning 1985 to 2015 and included the following terms: heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cough, aspiration, laryngitis, GERD, GORD, endoscopy, manometry, pH monitoring, proton pump inhibitors, open fundoplication, and laparoscopic fundoplication. Only articles in English were included.Lifestyle modifications, proton pump inhibitors, and laparoscopic fundoplication are proven treatment modalities for GERD. Endoscopic procedures have not been proven as effective. A Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the procedure of choice when GERD and morbid obesity coexist.Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a highly prevalent disease. Once the diagnosis has been established, the best results are obtained by a multidisciplinary team with the goal of individualizing treatment for patients.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma controls inflammation-induced myocardial depression via sequential cAMP and iNOS signalling
Authors: Bernadin Ndongson-Dongmo, Regine Heller, Dirk Hoyer, Michael Brodhun, Michael Bauer, Johannes Winning, Emilio Hirsch, Reinhard Wetzker, Peter Schlattmann, Reinhard Bauer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsSepsis-induced myocardial depression (SIMD), an early and frequent event of infection-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), is characterized by reduced contractility irrespective of enhanced adrenergic stimulation. Phosphoinositide-3 kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is known to prevent β-adrenergic overstimulation via its scaffold function by activating major cardiac phosphodiesterases and restricting cAMP levels. However, the role of PI3Kγ in SIRS-induced myocardial depression is unknown. This study is aimed at determining the specific role of lipid kinase-dependent and -independent functions of PI3Kγ in the pathogenesis of SIRS-induced myocardial depression.
Final Results of the Sakk 16/00 Trial: a Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation to Chemotherapy Alone in Stage Iiia/N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc)
Authors: M. Pless, R. Stupp, H. Ris, R.A. Stahel, W. Weder, S. Thierstein, A. Xyrafas, M. Früh, R. Cathomas, A. Zippelius, A.D. Roth, A. Ochsenbein, U.R. Meier, C. Mamot, D. Rauch, O. Gautschi, M. Gerard, D.C. Betticher, R.O. Mirimanoff, S. Peters
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Immunoscore® as a predictor of response to chemotherapy in stage II and stage III colon cancer
Authors: Bernhard Mlecnik, Anne Berger, Franck Pages, Jerome Galon
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts No biomarker has been validated so far to predict the need for adjuvant chemotherapy in Stage II colon cancer (CC), and current guidelines, e.g. NCCN, only rely on the identification of high-risk features such as MSI, pathological tumor characteristics or expected chemotherapy