tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The new genetics: Psychological responses to genetic testing
Authors: T. M Marteau, R. T Croyle
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the second of four articles discussing the broader implications of advances in genetics

Predicting disease on the basis of biological markers, such as serum cholesterol concentration or blood pressure, is not new; the ability to predict disease using DNA is. As the scope for genetic testing extends beyond testing for single gene disorders to testing large sections of the population for genes associated with common disorders it is important to consider what effect this will have on individuals and on society as a whole. Research into the psychological impact of genetic testing in Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer has shown that an individual's decision to undergo testing and his or her response on receiving the results are influenced by many factors. This article discusses the nature of these factors and the implication they have for the introduction of widespread genetic screening.

#### Summary points

As genetic screening becomes widespread, its psychological impact on individuals, their families, and society as a whole needs to be assessed

The psychological impact of predictive genetic testing for Huntington's disease, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer, when offered with expert counselling before and after testing, depends more on pretest expectations, mood, and social support than the results of the test itself

Distress associated with screening may be reduced by careful assessment before and after testing, counselling, and support

Research is needed to determine the most effective and practical counselling strategies for the increasingly large number of people who will be offered genetic tests for treatable conditions

The psychological impact of screening for biological markers associated with increased risk of disease has been well researched.1 Extrapolating from these findings to predict the impact of population based genetic screening of asymptomatic individuals is difficult, though—partly because the predictive value of genetic tests for some …
Proteinuria: Diagnostic Principles and Procedures
Authors: J. GARY ABUELO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Proteinuria has been thought of as the first sign of serious renal disease. However, in some patients proteinuria may last for years without other evidence of kidney damage, and in other patients it may only be an insignificant and transient laboratory finding. The nature and severity of renal involvement in a particular patient are often suggested by the clinical picture, and the pattern and amount of proteinuria. The physician should use this information in evaluating the severity of the patient's disease. An approach for such evaluations is offered by briefly reviewing the causes and prognosis of the various types of proteinuria and by suggesting steps to take in treating patients with increased protein excretion.
Brief Communication: Characteristics of Spontaneous Cases of Tuberculosis Associated with Infliximab
Authors: Angela Raval, Gita Akhavan-Toyserkani, Allen Brinker, Mark Avigan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

A warning for tuberculosis was added to the approved labeling for infliximab in October 2001.To describe adverse event reports of tuberculosis during infliximab therapy after labeling changes.Case series.Spontaneous adverse event reports maintained in the Adverse Event Reporting System database in the United States.130 patients with infliximab-associated tuberculosis.Clinical and laboratory data.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration received 130 domestic, spontaneous reports of tuberculosis in patients treated with infliximab between 1 November 2001 and 30 May 2006, including 59 (45%) with extrapulmonary disease. The most commonly reported risk factors included concomitant immunosuppressant use (n = 89), history of latent or active tuberculosis (n = 33), and being born into or having spent extensive time in an area where tuberculosis is endemic (n = 25). In the subset of 67 cases with documented initiation of infliximab therapy after the drug labeling change, 34 patients with a negative tuberculin skin test result before initiation of infliximab therapy developed tuberculosis after receiving infliximab.Conclusions from spontaneous case reports may not be generalizable to the entire infliximab-receiving population.Clinicians should be vigilant in screening and monitoring for tuberculosis in patients receiving infliximab.
A multicentre randomised trial comparing octreotide and injection sclerotherapy in the management and outcome of acute variceal haemorrhage
Authors: S A Jenkins, R Shields, M Davies, E Elias, A J Turnbull, M F Bassendine, O F W James, J P Iredale, S K Vyas, M J P Arthur, A N Kingsnorth, R Sutton
Journal: Gut (1997)

Few studies have compared vasoactive drugs with endoscopic sclerotherapy in the control of acute variceal haemorrhage. Octreotide is widely used for this purpose, but its value remains undetermined.To compare octreotide with endoscopic sclerotherapy for acute variceal haemorrhage.Consecutive patients with acute variceal haemorrhage.Patients were randomised at endoscopy to receive either a 48 hour intravenous infusion of 50 pg/h octreotide (n = 73), or emergency sclerotherapy (n = 77).Overall control of bleeding and mortality was not significantly different between octreotide (85%, 62 patients) and sclerotherapy (82%, 63 patients) over the 48 hour trial period (relative risk of rebleeding 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 1.82), irrespective of Child's grading or active bleeding at endoscopy. One major complication was observed in the sclerotherapy group (aspiration) and two in the octreotide group (pulmonary oedema, severe paralytic ileus). During 60 days of follow up there was an overall trend towards an increased mortality in the octreotide group which was not statistically significant (relative risk of dying at 60 days 1.91, 95% CI 0.97 to 3.78, p = 0.06).The results of this study indicate that intravenous octreotide is as effective as injection sclerotherapy in the control of acute variceal bleeding, but further controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the safety of this treatment.
Free-floating right atrial thrombus with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: X Hou, W Liu, Z Zhang, Z Li
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Free-floating right atrial thrombus with acute pulmonary embolism A 70-year-old man had an episode of dyspnoea followed by syncope 2 months after a stroke.Deep venous thrombosis was found in his right lower extremity by venous Doppler ultrasound.Transoesophageal echocardiography revealed a 33638 mm highly mobile mass floating in his right atrium with no attachment to any atrium structure (fig 1A).The right heart chambers were dilated with mild tricuspid valve regurgitation and a systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 54 mm Hg.Cine magnetic resonance imaging showed a lowsignal free-floating mass within the right atrium and a large thrombus in the right main pulmonary artery in the same view (fig 1B).No perfusion to the left lower lobe was observed in the perfusion view (fig 1C).Emergency thromboembolectomy was performed.The diagnosis of thrombus was confirmed by histological examination.Two years later an echocardiogram showed a normal heart structure and function.This case illustrates well the potential life-threatening nature of free-floating right atrial thrombus, and suggests that prompt intervention is merited whenever these lesions are detected.However, the management strategy remains controversial. 1 2 Although thrombolysis is advocated first, surgical thromboembolectomy remains the classic treatment, particularly for cases in whom thrombolysis is contraindicated or if thrombolysis is ineffective.Anticoagulation with heparin is more an antithrombotic than a lytic therapy.It is inappropriate as the sole treatment of an impending pulmonary embolism.
A large intrathoracic parathyroid adenoma.
Authors: P Daggett, I D Johnston, D Lowe
Journal: Thorax (1976)

A large intra- thoracic parathyroid adenoma.A case is described in which an unusually large para- thyroid adenoma was visible on the plain chest radiograph taken during the investigation of hypercalcaemia.This was diagnosed preoperatively and a scheme is suggested whereby such a diagnosis can now readily be made.The differential diagnosis is discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Parenting, not religion, makes us into moral agents
Authors: Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The universal early experience of all humans, which means being totally dependent on caretakers who attempt to inculcate impulse control, should be considered as the psychological framework for the creation of significant supernatural agents. The same early experiences put us at the center of a moral universe, but there is no necessary connection between the two processes. We do not need disgruntled ancestors to make us behave; disgruntled parents will do.
Multislice spiral computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with stable angina pectoris
Authors: Nico R Mollet, Filippo Cademartiri, Koen Nieman, Francesco Saia, Pedro A Lemos, Eugene P McFadden, Peter M.T Pattynama, Patrick W Serruys, Gabriel P Krestin, Pim J de Feyter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial comparing two intra-articular hyaluronic acid preparations differing by their molecular weight in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Francis Berenbaum, Joachim Grifka, Sara Cazzaniga, Massimo D'Amato, Giampaolo Giacovelli, Xavier Chevalier, Francois Rannou, Lucio C Rovati, Emmanuel Maheu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To compare the effects of an intermediate molecular weight (MW) intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) with a low MW product on knee osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with symptomatic knee OA were enrolled inarandomised, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial with the possibility to shift to superiority. Patients were randomised to GO-ON(MW 800–1500 kD, 25 mg/2.5 ml) or Hyalgan(MW 500–730 kD, 20 mg/2 ml) injected at 3-weekly intervals. The primary outcome was 6-month change in the WOMAC pain subscale (0–100 mm). Sample size was calculated on a non-inferiority margin of 9 mm, lower than the minimum perceptible clinical improvement. Secondary endpoints included OARSI-OMERACT responder rates <h3>Results</h3> The intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) populations consisted of 217 and 209 patients and 171 and 172 patients in the GO-ON and Hyalgan groups, respectively. ITT WOMAC pain of 47.5±1.0(SE) and 48.8±1.0 mm decreased by 22.9±1.4 mm with GO-ON and 18.4±1.5 mm with Hyalgan after 6 months. The primary analysis was conducted in the PP population followed by the ITT population.Mean (95% CI) differences in WOMAC pain change were 5.2 (0.9 to 9.6)mm and 4.5 (0.5 to 8.5)mm, respectively,favouring GO-ON, satisfying the claim for non-inferiority (lower limit&gt;−9 mm) and for statistical superiority (95% CI all&gt;0, p=0.021). Ahigher proportion of OARSI/OMERACT responders was observed with GO-ONthan with Hyalgan (73.3% vs58.4%, p=0.001). Both preparations were well tolerated. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Treatment with 3-weekly injections of intermediate MW HA may be superior to low MW HA on knee OA symptoms over 6 months, with similar safety.
Immunoglobulin treatment reduces atherosclerosis in apo E knockout mice.
Authors: A Nicoletti, S Kaveri, G Caligiuri, J Bariéty, G K Hansson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Atherosclerosis is associated with immune activation. T cells and macrophages infiltrate atherosclerotic plaques and disease progression is associated with formation of autoantibodies to oxidized lipoproteins. In the apo E knockout mouse, a genetic model of cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis, congenital deficiency of macrophages, lymphocytes, or interferon-gamma receptors result in reduced lesion formation. We have now evaluated whether immune modulation in the adult animal affects disease development. Injections of 7-wk-old male apo E knockout mice with polyclonal immunoglobulin preparations (ivIg) during a 5-d period reduced fatty streak formation over a 2-mo period on cholesterol diet by 35%. Fibrofatty lesions induced by diet treatment for 4 mo were reduced by 50% in mice receiving ivIg after 2 mo on the diet. ivIg treatment also reduced IgM antibodies to oxidized LDL and led to inactivation of spleen and lymph node T cells. These data indicate that ivIg inhibits atherosclerosis, that it is effective both during the fatty streak and plaque phases, and that it may act by modulating T cell activity and/or antibody production. Therefore, immunomodulation may be an effective way to prevent and/or treat atherosclerosis.
Understanding the impact of physical activity in COPD outcomes: moving forward
Authors: Richard ZuWallack, Cristóbal Esteban
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

From observational studies, it is now clear that physical inactivity is linked with poor outcome in COPD http://ow.ly/AJ7mFArguably, three outcome categories are of greatest importance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, their families and their caregivers: health-related quality of life (including symptom burden); hospitalisations and other forms of healthcare utilisation; and, of course, mortality.Lower levels of baseline physical activity are not only prevalent in patients with COPD [1, 2], they are associated a negative impact in each of these three outcome categories [3][4][5].
Atopy, the barrier, urine and genital lichen sclerosus: reply from the authors
Authors: K. Becker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Atopy, the barrier, urine and genital lichen sclerosus: reply from the authors Get access K. Becker K. Becker Paediatric Surgery Clinic Bonn Prinz‐Albert‐Str. 26 53113 Bonn Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 4, 1 October 2013, Pages 953–954, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12554 Published: 01 October 2013
Use of the one-legged hyperextension test and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of active spondylolysis
Authors: L Masci, J Pike, F Malara, B Phillips, K Bennell, P Brukner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Background: Active spondylolysis is an acquired lesion in the pars interarticularis and is a common cause of low back pain in the young athlete. Objectives: To evaluate whether the one-legged hyperextension test can assist in the clinical detection of active spondylolysis and to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is equivalent to the clinical gold standard of bone scintigraphy and computed tomography in the radiological diagnosis of this condition. Methods: A prospective cohort design was used. Young active subjects with low back pain were recruited. Outcome measures included clinical assessment (one-legged hyperextension test) and radiological investigations including bone scintigraphy (with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)) and MRI. Computed tomography was performed if bone scintigraphy was positive. Results: Seventy one subjects were recruited. Fifty pars interarticulares in 39 subjects (55%) had evidence of active spondylolysis as defined by bone scintigraphy (with SPECT). Of these, 19 pars interarticulares in 14 subjects showed a fracture on computed tomography. The one-legged hyperextension test was neither sensitive nor specific for the detection of active spondylolysis. MRI revealed bone stress in 40 of the 50 pars interarticulares in which it was detected by bone scintigraphy (with SPECT), indicating reduced sensitivity in detecting bone stress compared with bone scintigraphy (p = 0.001). Conversely, MRI revealed 18 of the 19 pars interarticularis fractures detected by computed tomography, indicating concordance between imaging modalities (p = 0.345). There was a significant difference between MRI and the combination of bone scintigraphy (with SPECT)/computed tomography in the radiological visualisation of active spondylolysis (p = 0.002). Conclusions: These results suggest that there is a high rate of active spondylolysis in active athletes with low back pain. The one-legged hyperextension test is not useful in detecting active spondylolysis and should not be relied on to exclude the diagnosis. MRI is inferior to bone scintigraphy (with SPECT)/computed tomography. Bone scintigraphy (with SPECT) should remain the first-line investigation of active athletes with low back pain followed by limited computed tomography if bone scintigraphy is positive.
An internally and externally validated prognostic score for metastatic breast cancer: analysis of 2269 patients
Authors: A.C. Regierer, R. Wolters, M.-P. Ufen, A. Weigel, I. Novopashenny, C.H. Köhne, H. Samonigg, J. Eucker, K. Possinger, M.B. Wischnewsky
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Abstract 13150: Role of Cardiac Stromal Cells in the pathogenesis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Elena Sommariva, Silvia Brambilla, Corrado Carbucicchio, Antonio Dello Russo, Michela Casella, Gianluca Pontone, Viviana Meraviglia, Alessandra Rossini, Maurizio C Capogrossi, Giulio Pompilio, Claudio Tondo
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic disorder due to mutations in desmosomal genes, characterized by progressive adipose and fibrous replacement of the myocardium, arrhythmias and sudden death. At present it is still unclear which cell type is responsible for the fibro-fatty replacement and which molecular mechanisms lead to these structural changes. Cardiac Stromal Cells (CStC) are the most abundant cell population in the heart. We were among the first to characterize their propensity to differentiate into several cell types, including adipocytes. Aim: Aim of the study was to investigate whether CStC present functional alteration associated to ARVC phenotype Results: CStC can be obtained from right ventricle endomyocardial biopsies of ARVC and NON-ARVC patients, are easily expanded, and show a panel of surface antigens typical of mesenchymal cells. We found that CStC express desmosomal genes, mutated in ARVC patients. CStC from ARVC patients show lower expressio...
Lipid Profile, Glucose Homeostasis, Blood Pressure, and Obesity-Anthropometric Markers in Macrosomic Offspring of Nondiabetic Mothers
Authors: Eleni N. Evagelidou, Dimitrios N. Kiortsis, Eleni T. Bairaktari, Vasileios I. Giapros, Vasileios K. Cholevas, Christos S. Tzallas, Styliani K. Andronikou
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

The study was to determine whether being the macrosomic offspring of a mother without detected glucose intolerance during pregnancy has an impact on lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure during childhood.Plasma total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol; triglycerides; apolipoprotein (Apo) A-1, -B, and -E; lipoprotein (a); fasting glucose and insulin; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index; blood pressure; BMI; and detailed anthropometry were evaluated in 85 children aged 3-10 years old, born appropriate for gestational age (AGA; n = 48) and large for gestational age (LGA; n = 37) of healthy mothers.At the time of the assessment, body weight, height, skinfold thickness, BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure did not differ between the LGA and AGA groups with the exception of head circumference (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in plasma total or LDL cholesterol; triglycerides; Apo A-1, -B, or -E; lipoprotein (a); Apo B-to-Apo A-1 ratio; or glucose levels between the groups. The LGA group had significantly higher HDL cholesterol levels (P < 0.01), fasting insulin levels (P < 0.01), and HOMA-IR index (P < 0.01) but lower values of the glucose-to-insulin ratio (P < 0.01) as compared with the AGA group.Children born LGA of mothers without confirmed impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy show higher insulin concentrations than AGAs.
Indicator Dilution in an Atrioventricular System with Competent or Incompetent Valves
Authors: JOSEPH A. McCLURE, WILLIAM W. LACY, PAUL LATIMER, ELLIOT V. NEWMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

A mathematical analysis of the pumping action of a two-chambered system has been used to develop formulas describing the changes with time in the mass and concentration of an indicator in either chamber of such a system analogous to the atrium and ventricle with either competent or incompetent valves. Such formulas show how the parameters of a system control the shape of an indicator-dilution curve. From these formulas expressions were developed which permit the analysis of the system from an indicator-dilution curve. The theory was then used to analyze dilution curves produced by a model of known parameters.
Strategies to Help Oncologists Deliver High-Quality Care
Authors: Ian Edwin Haines
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The "clarion call" by Ganz and Levit 1 applies to many Western health care systems.Urgent and comprehensive changes are clearly needed. 2 As a US-trained Australian medical oncologist, I offer answers to their key questions: Are Care and Treatment Patient Centered?Medical oncology training and practice in the United States and Australia have tended to be disease focused.Many patients do not have their treatment plan discussed at a multidisciplinary meeting.The popular current model of care is referral of newly diagnosed patients with cancer to an appropriate specialist who makes a treatment decision with the patient.It no longer appears adequate.Patients with cancer, particularly those with incurable cancer, need to be properly evaluated, educated, informed, and treated by a multidisciplinary team that should, where appropriate, include not only the surgeon, radiation oncologist, and medical oncologist, but also a member of the inpatient-domiciliary palliative care team, the pain team, specialist nurses and the psychooncology team.A set of realistic goals can then be devised with that patient that include variable weightings for prolongation of life (if realistically possible); maximizing quality of life; reducing the financial burden of treatment; dying at home, hospital, or hospice; and others.The sheet with diagnosis, current and past treatments and current negotiated goals of treatment can then become the key reference point in the patient's file.What proportion of patients with cancer currently have this information accessible?As the goals and the weightings for each goal change with each treatment outcome, the changes are documented.
A stream of cells migrating from the caudal telencephalon reveals a link between the amygdala and neocortex
Authors: Ryan Remedios, Dhananjay Huilgol, Bhaskar Saha, Padmanabhan Hari, Lahar Bhatnagar, Thomas Kowalczyk, Robert F Hevner, Yoko Suda, Shinichi Aizawa, Toshio Ohshima, Anastassia Stoykova, Shubha Tole
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2007)