tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with the choice of taxane monotherapy or combination in the management of advanced breast cancer: Results of an international observational study.
Authors: C. Camci, E. Firoiu, M. Gumus, F. Hurtado de Mendoza, M. A. Chavez-Zamudio, N. Davidson, M. Brychta, M. Donadio, V. Soldatenkova, K. A. Benhadji
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1132 Background: Taxanes are the cornerstone of first-line treatment in advanced breast cancer, which can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. This study was designed to evaluate the factors associated with the choice of either strategy. Methods: This is a prospective noninterventional study to determine factors associated with the choice of taxane therapy. Eligible patients (pts) were women with advanced breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines unless contra-indicated. Pts were classified into two cohorts according to their scheduled first-line therapy: taxane monotherapy (TM) or in combination (TC). Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between treatment cohorts and a set of factors collected at baseline. Results: Between 11/05 and 12/08 a total of 493 pts entered the study. 465 pts were eligible for analysis and were prescribed first-line chemotherapy. Pts characteristics are summarized in the Table. Docetaxel was prescribed in 66% of patients. Main taxane combinations used were with antimetabolites: 39% gemcitabine and 24% capecitabine. Prognostic factors analyzed were: age, disease-free interval (DFI), presence of visceral metastasis, performance status (PS), hormone receptor (HR) status, menopausal status, disease stage, disease-related symptoms, and HER2 status. Only HER2 positive status has been identified as a potential factor for the choice of TC (p<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that combination treatment is prescribed more frequently than TM in the routine practice. HER2 positive status is the only factor potentially associated with the choice of treatment. TM (N > 163) TC (N > 300) Median age, years 52.5 53.0 Postmenopausal pts, % 72.5 73.8 ECOG PS, % 0-1 86.9 88.5 2-3 13.1 11.5 Median DFI, months 32.5 32.0 Disease stage, % Locally recurrent 10.0 11.1 Metastatic 90.0 88.9 HR status, % + 59.4 51.5 - 26.3 32.8 Unknown 14.4 15.7 HER2 status, % + 6.9 30.5 - 69.4 43.3 Unknown 23.8 26.2 Visceral metastasis, % 59.4 57.7 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Lilly
Promoting health in prisons
Authors: O. Williams, J. Cassidy, S Rossiter
Journal: BMJ (1997)

CONSORT statement on the reporting standards of clinical trials Recommendations are inappropriate for trial reportsEditor-In his editorial on the CONSORT statement Douglas G Altman states that since "only randomised trials have the potential directly to affect patient care ... it is ... reasonable to require higher standards for papers reporting randomised trials than those describing other types of study." 1 But although randomised trials are usually the preferred approach for the unbiased evaluation of treatments, non-randomised observational studies also influence treatment.Because the correct interpretation of observational studies is much more difficult, largely due to uncontrollable biases, their description and analysis call for at least as much care as do randomised trials.Sometimes, of course, randomised comparisons are unnecessary-for example, to determine the value of fetoprotein screening for neural tube defects.CONSORT is the product of deliberations conducted almost entirely through North American journals. 2Journal editors and statisticians are well represented among those involved, but clinicians and others with experience in actually conducting trials less so.Experience of the procedures recommended seems to be limited and not wholly positive.The authors of one trial report who had been persuaded to rewrite it 3 in the structured format expressed mixed feelings: the paper was rendered less readable with "ideas that are logically linked together (such as point estimates with 95% confidence intervals) torn asunder." 4 Inflexibility and a lengthier manuscript were other reported disadvantages.The editor stated that a journal "should change the way it structures articles only when there is good agreement on the new format in the communities we serve" 4 ; this includes writers and readers of trial reports as well as editors.Feedback from the test case 3 or from other commentators does not seem to have materially altered the final version of CONSORT.By announcing its decision, less than a fortnight after publication of CONSORT, the BMJ pre-empted input from many with experience of planning, conducting, and reporting trials.Few will dispute the need for improvements in the reporting of all studies with implications for patient care, whatever their design.But without appropriate consultation, the BMJ seems to have made its decision on CONSORT prematurely.The requirement that randomised trials report the numbers of patients excluded is generally pointless, 5 and making authors indicate where a large number of checklist items are dealt with would be unduly prescriptive.The CONSORT recommendations should not be imposed unilaterally.Others with experience of trial conduct should be consulted on the nature of any guidelines for the reporting of randomised trials and, more importantly, of observational studies of treatments.
Soluble CD44 in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Prognostic and clinical value
Authors: A. F. Gharib, S. A. Eltarhony, W. H. Elsawy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e19539 Background: CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed by a large variety of tissues. In addition to their expression on the cell membrane, CD44 proteins are also released from cells, and soluble CD44 proteins are detectable in the normal human circulation. The observation that several human tumors show an overexpression of CD44 and the presence of soluble CD44 in the circulation makes CD44 a potential serum marker for tumor detection. In this prospective study, we investigated the prognostic and clinical value of s-CD44 in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Methods: s-CD44 concentration was measured in the sera of 64 patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas treated with standard CHOP by using chemiluminescence-enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results: Circulating serum CD44 (s-CD44) levels have been found to change in parallel with response to therapy, but little is known about the predictive or prognostic significance of s-CD44. The median pretreatment s-CD44 level was 510 ng/mL(range, 90 to 2,120 ng/mL). Only 10 (31%) of the 32 patients with an International Prognostic Index (IPI) score 0 or 1 had s-CD44 concentration higher than the median level, whereas 11 (52%) of 21 patients with an IPI score ≥2 had a concentration higher than the median before initiation of treatment (P &lt; .0001). Patients with lower than the median s-CD44 achieved more often a complete response to therapy (P = .0002) and had better survival (P = .007) than those with higher s-CD44 levels. However, in a multivariate analysis, only the IPI score had independent prognostic value (P &lt; .001). Conclusions: Our results showed that a high s-CD44 level before treatment is associated with a high IPI score, poor response to treatment, and unfavorable prognosis in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 15115: Autoimmune Allosteric Basis for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Hongliang Li, Xichun Yu, Alexandria Benbrook, D. C Liles, David C Kem
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: We have demonstrated that patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) have an exaggerated orthostatic tachycardia associated with the concurrence of functional autoantibodies (AA...
Abstract A45: Understanding the roles of extracellular matrix proteins in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis
Authors: Chenxi Tian, Daniel Olund, David Tuveson, Richard O. Hynes
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death, and is characterized by accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM). Although the ECM of tumors, such as PDAC, has long been known to have major effects on behavior of both tumor and stromal cells, including invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy, the detailed composition of the ECM in PDAC tumor progression and metastasis are not understood. To study the involvement of ECM proteins in PDAC primary tumor growth and the tissue-specific metastasis program, I modified the comprehensive ECM proteomic approach by Mass Spectrometry (MS) recently developed in our lab to profile the ECM changes during PDAC progression in both the LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R127H/+; Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mouse models of PDAC and human patient samples. We will compare ECM profiles from normal pancreas, pancreatitis, early and late pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) stages, and PDAC. Initial MS identified between 100 and 140 ECM proteins in samples representing each stage. The combination of mouse models and human samples will allow me to uncover critical ECM changes during PDAC progression and metastasis and, furthermore, to investigate and understand the functional consequences of such changes. The ongoing studies will characterize the ECM of PDAC in detail and provide novel insights into diagnosis, prognosis and treatments of this very difficult disease. Citation Format: Chenxi Tian, Daniel Olund, David Tuveson, Richard O. Hynes. Understanding the roles of extracellular matrix proteins in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A45.
A phase II study of docetaxel followed by vinorelbine and doxorubicin in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: A. C. Youssef
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e11542 Background: Neoadjuvant treatment has become a standard of care for inoperable breast cancer patients. Docetaxel combination regimens have shown significant activity in this setting. We evaluated a sequential regimen of docetaxel followed by combination vinorelbine-doxorubicin as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. Primary objective is the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Secondary objectives are the clinical response rate, the resectability rate and the safety profile. Methods: This is a prospective, open-label, phase II study. Patients with locally advanced breast cancer (T3+ or T4 M0) and no prior chemotherapy were eligible. All patients received 3 cycles of docetaxel 100 mg/m 2 on d1 every 3 weeks. Patients with clinical complete response (CR) had breast cancer surgery. The remaining patients received 3 cycles of vinorelbine-doxorubicin (vinorelbine 25 mg/m 2 on d1 and d8 plus doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 on d1) q3w followed by surgery if responding to treatment. Response assessment was by RECIST. Toxicity was evaluated according to NCI-CTC AE, version 3.0. Results: Out of 90 recruited patients, 50 were evaluable at the time of this analysis. Twenty-three patients (46%) had clinical CR after 3 cycles of docetaxel and underwent breast surgery. Of the remaining 27 patients (54%) who received 3 cycles of vinorelbine-doxorubicin, 10 achieved a clinical CR. Conservative surgery was performed in 44 patients (88%), and 4 had a radical mastectomy. A pCR was seen in 19 patients (38%) and a pPR in 29 patients (58%) for a 96% pathological response rate. The most common grade 2 and 3 toxicities, during docetaxel treatment were nausea and vomiting (32%/34%), neutropenia (36%/50%) and alopecia (48%/68% grade 1 and 2). The most common grade 2 and 3 toxicities during vinorelbine-doxorubicin were respectively, neuropathy (41%/52%), nausea and vomiting (63%/74%), constipation (11%/29%) and alopecia (44%/74% grade 1 and 2). Conclusions: Preliminary results show the efficacy of sequential docetaxel followed by vinorelbine-doxorubicin in inoperable breast cancer patients, with a higher rate of conservative surgery and a manageable toxicity profile. Long term follow-up is needed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
William R. Baird
Authors: J Arlen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Several months ago a N.E.J.M. article (281:546 1969) told of a Massachusetts court decision involving William Baird a devoted man who has spent a great part of his life working for birth control and abortion reform.  A few days ago Mr.  Baird began serving his 3 month prison term for the distribution of several birth control devices at a lecture on the subject.  His jailing illustrates societys readiness to punish those who care about its citizens most those who care about people more than institutions.  I hope all those familiar with Mr.  Bairds case will take all possible steps to hasten his release from prison.(FULL TEXT)
Incidence and Predictive Factors for Recovery of Ovarian Function in Amenorrheic Women in Their 40s Treated With Letrozole
Authors: Lea K. Krekow, Beth A. Hellerstedt, Rufus P. Collea, Steven Papish, Shrinivas M. Diggikar, Regina Resta, Svetislava J. Vukelja, Frankie Ann Holmes, Praveen K. Reddy, Lina Asmar, Yunfei Wang, Patricia S. Fox, Susan R. Peck, Joyce O’Shaughnessy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose This prospective study assessed the impact of 2 years of aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy on the incidence of ovarian function recovery (OFR) in women age 40 to 49 with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer who were premenopausal at diagnosis and who underwent chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea during adjuvant treatment. Patients and Methods Women age 40 to 49 with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer who had ceased menstruating with adjuvant cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy, had postmenopausal serum estradiol (E2), and had received tamoxifen for ≥ 1 year were treated with letrozole (2.5 mg) daily for ≥ 2 years. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and E2 were measured at baseline and over 2 years. A general linear model was used to assess serial FSH by OFR. Logistic regression was used to assess baseline predictors and OFR. Results The study enrolled 177 women (145 women age 45 to 49 years and 32 women age 40 to 44 years). Of 173 evaluable patients, 67 (39%; 95% CI, 31% to 46%) regained ovarian function; 11 of these patients (6%; 95% CI, 3% to 10%) resumed menses, and 56 of these patients (32%; 95% CI, 25% to 39%) developed premenopausal E2 without menses. Among AI-naïve patients, serial FSH significantly increased over time (P &lt; .001), did not vary significantly by OFR status (P = .55), but showed mild evidence of a decrease after month 12 for those who resumed menses (P = .0989). Age less than 45 years and inhibin B were significant multivariable baseline predictors of OFR. Conclusion These results emphasize the challenge in determining definitive menopause in women with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. The risk of OFR during treatment with AIs in amenorrheic women in their 40s is high, and AI therapy should be avoided in these patients.
Condom Use Among Male Injecting-Drug Users—New York City, 1987-1990
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of perioperative blood transfusion on oncologic outcomes in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Authors: Aditya Bagrodia, Samuel D. Kaffenberger, Michael J Vacchio, Katie S Murray, Andrew G. Winer, Eugene K. Cha, Alexander Sankin, Guido Dalbagni, Jonathan A. Coleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

358 Background: Patients treated for urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated with radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection have worse clinical outcomes if they receive perioperative blood transfusion. We evaluated the impact of perioperative blood transfusion on oncologic outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective review of 405 patients treated with RNU for UTUC. Clinicopathologic characteristics were recorded. Hospital charts were reviewed to determine if patients received perioperative blood transfusion. Characteristics were compared between groups based on transfusion status using Chi-square analyses. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis addressed cancer-specific mortality (CSM). Results: Median age was 71.4 years (IQR 63.7-76.5) and the majority of patients were male (64%). Median follow up was 43.4 months (IQR 16.7-86.6). CSM occurred in 26.2% of patients. Perioperative transfusion was associated with higher rates of invasive T stage (&gt;/=T2), (62% vs. 47%, p=0.019) and lymph node positive disease (23% vs. 10.3%, p=0.029). Three year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 80% for the entire cohort. DSS was significantly shorter (p=0.003) for patients receiving transfusion (66.3%, 95% CI 53.7%-76.3%) than those who did not (83.3%, 95% CI 78.3%-87.3%). Transfusion was an independent predictor of CSM on multivariable analysis including gender, grade, invasive T stage, nodal status, and transfusion (Table 1). Conclusions: Perioperative blood transfusion may be associated with adverse pathologic and oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing RNU for UTUC. [Table: see text]
β-Spectrin Promissão: A Translation Initiation Codon Mutation of the β-Spectrin Gene (ATG → GTG) Associated With Hereditary Spherocytosis and Spectrin Deficiency in a Brazilian Family
Authors: Daniela S. Bassères, Dilmara L. Vicentim, Fernando F. Costa, Sara T.O. Saad, Hani Hassoun
Journal: Blood (1998)
Prognostic Significance of Apoptotic Index in Completely Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fumihiro Tanaka, Yozo Kawano, Mio Li, Tetsuya Takata, Ryo Miyahara, Kazuhiro Yanagihara, Yohsuke Ohtake, Tatsuo Fukuse, Hiromi Wada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

To evaluate the significance of apoptotic index (AI) as a prognostic factor after surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).A total of 236 patients who underwent surgery for previously untreated pathologic stage I to IIIa NSCLC between 1985 and 1990 were reviewed. AI was defined as the number of apoptotic cells, detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling, per 1,000 tumor cells. Proliferative index (PI) and aberrant p53 expression were also evaluated immunohistochemically.The 5-year survival rate for the lowest-AI group (AI < 5.0) was 74.7%; those for the lower-AI group (5.0 < or = AI < 11.0) and the higher-AI group (11.0 < or = AI < 25.0) were 51.6% and 57.8%, respectively. These survival rates were significantly lower than that of the lowest-AI group (P =.021 and P =.043, respectively). The highest-AI group (25.0 < or = AI), however, showed the most favorable prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 83.2%. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a moderate AI (5.0 < or = AI < 11.0 or 11.0 < or = AI < 25.0) was a significant factor to predict poor prognosis. The PIs for the lowest-, the lower-, the higher-, and the highest-AI groups were 32.3%, 48.0%, 54.3%, and 50.7%, respectively. The lowest-AI group showed a favorable prognosis because of its low PI, whereas the lower- and the higher-AI groups had a poor prognosis caused by increased cancer-cell proliferation. The highest-AI group showed the most favorable prognosis because apoptotic cell death overcame cell proliferation. No significant correlation was observed between AI and aberrant p53 expression.AI proved to be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC.
Immortalization of human esophageal epithelial cells by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)
Authors: Annie Cheung, Pak Yan Cheung, Wen Deng, Sai Wah Tsao
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

4268   Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving accumulation of numerous cellular abnormalities over a lengthy time-frame. One of the major steps is to achieve unlimited replicative potential (immortalization). The proliferative life-span of normal somatic cells is limited by an intrinsic mechanism associated with progressive shortening of telomeres during cell propagation, which induces the cells to undergo replicative senescence. We have established an immortal human esophageal epithelial cell line, NE2-hTERT, by ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase (a holoenzyme responsible for the maintenance of telomere length). During the immortalization process, the percentage of senescence associated β-galactosidase positive cells was monitored and was found to decrease with increasing passages as the cells escaped senescence and became immortalized. So far, the cell line has undergone over 100 population doublings. The NE2-hTERT cell line retained epithelial morphology and expressed cytokeratins typical for esophageal epithelium. It also had a near-diploid clonal karyotype. Analysis of expression profiles of cell cycle regulatory proteins in this cell line at different passages showed loss of p16, down-regulation of p53, as well as elevated p21 and p27 expressions during immortalization. Treatment with the demethylating agent, 5-aza-deoxycytidine, restored the p16 expression, which indicated that the spontaneous loss of p16 during immortalization was due to promoter methylation. Upregulation of both p53 and p21 in response to irradiation and mitomycin C treatment indicated that the cell line had intact DNA damage response. The altered p21 and p27 expressions  might reflect a feedback mechanism to maintain certain ‘normality’ in cell-cycle regulation in these cells. Immortalized cell lines, especially ones with minimal genetic alterations, are invaluable models for studying the molecular basis of carcinogenesis. We observed that late passage NE2-hTERT cells showed increased tumorigenic potential in being able to form tightly-packed colonies in soft agar. This increased anchorage-independency suggests that the cell line may be just one step away from neoplastic transformation and is therefore particularly useful for studying genes associated with tumorigenic transformation of esophageal epithelial cells. [This study was supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, Project No. HKU 7385/03M and HKU 7556/06M, and the HKU URC Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research, Project No. 200411159061]