tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preoperative computed tomography of the brain in non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
Authors: P Kormas, J R Bradshaw, K Jeyasingham
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Computed tomography of the brain is the most accurate diagnostic investigation for detecting intracranial tumours. A prospective study was undertaken to try to maximise the cost effectiveness of computed tomography of the brain in the preoperative evaluation of non-small cell lung cancer.All patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were free of neurological symptoms and were thought to be free of metastases from the results of routine investigations were subjected to computed tomography of the brain in the 12-24 hours immediately before surgery.Of 158 such patients, five showed positive evidence of metastases, confirmed on craniotomy and excision biopsy; one of these patients was found to have a non-metastatic tumour (false positive). Five patients with a negative scan who underwent lung resection returned within 12 months with neurological defects and positive findings on further computed tomography (false negative). The predominant cell type in patients with positive and false negative scans was adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma (7/10); the majority had nodal state N2.Computed tomography of the brain should be carried out if mediastinal disease is suspected or confirmed in non-small cell lung cancer before proceeding to surgery.
Aberrant miRNA expression in brain tumors: a subject attracting an increasing amount of attention
Authors: C. David James
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are short strands of ribonucleotides that function to attenuate gene expression via base-pairing with complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences; this usually results in the repression ofcorrespondingproteinexpression,eitherbypromoting mRNAdegradationorbyinterferingwithmRNAtranslation.Thehumangenomeencodesover1000miRNAs,the expression of which target mRNAs transcribed from at least 60% of all genes. Therefore, the expression of most of our genes is influenced by the cellular expression of miRNAs. The existence of miRNAs was first reported in 1993 (1), several years after the initial use of recombinant plasmids to express exogenous anti-sense RNAs for suppressing cellular gene expression (2), which is based largely on the same principle as cellular miRNAs. Thus, the anti-sense approach used by scientists for suppressing gene expression had always been part of the cell’s repertoire for regulating its own gene expression. Describing the molecular mechanisms by which exogenous and endogenous RNAs suppress gene expression, referred to as RNA interference (RNAi) and initially described in 1998 (3), proved worthy of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Medicine (4).
Cardiac Troponin I but Not Cardiac Troponin T Induces Severe Autoimmune Inflammation in the Myocardium
Authors: Stefan Göser, Martin Andrassy, Sebastian J. Buss, Florian Leuschner, Christian H. Volz, Renate Öttl;, Stefan Zittrich;, Natascha Blaudeck, Stefan E. Hardt, Gabriele Pfitzer, Noel R. Rose, Hugo A. Katus, Ziya Kaya
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Cardiac troponins in blood are the most preferred markers of myocardial damage. The fact that they are normally not found in the circulation provides a high level of clinical sensitivity and specificity even when cardiac lesions are small. After myocardial injury, the troponins enter the circulation, where they can be used for diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes. Thus, the cardiac troponins are paramount for disease classification and risk stratification. However, little is known about the long-term effects of the released troponins on cardiac function.In this study we prepared recombinant murine cardiac troponin I (mc-TnI) and murine cardiac troponin T and used them to immunize mice. We report that A/J mice immunized with mc-TnI developed severe inflammation of the myocardium with increased expression of inflammatory chemokines RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MIP-2, T-cell activation gene 3, and eotaxin and chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5. The inflammation was followed by cardiomegaly, fibrosis, reduced fractional shortening, and 30% mortality over 270 days. In contrast, mice immunized with murine cardiac troponin T or with the control buffer showed little or no inflammation and no death. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mice preimmunized with mc-TnI before left anterior descending coronary artery ligation showed greater infarct size, more fibrosis, higher inflammation score, and reduced fractional shortening.Overall, our results show for the first time that provocation of an autoimmune response to mc-TnI induces severe inflammation in the myocardium followed by fibrosis and heart failure with increased mortality in mice.
THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT WITH AN EEG TEMPORAL LOBE FOCUS
Authors: DAROLD A. TREFFERT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

1. A group of hospitalized psychiatric patients with an EEG temporal lobe focus without classic psychomotor epilepsy was compared on clinical variables to a control group matched for age, sex and diagnosis. In addition, comparisons were made to a known epileptic group and a random psychiatric group. 2. Aggressive symptomatology in the form of combative behavior and rage episodes, and paroxysmal symptoms in the form of black-outs and hallucinations characterized the temporal lobe groups while a thought disorder in the form of delusions or other more classic psychiatric symptomatology characterized the control groups, in spite of matched diagnosis. Likewise the temporal lobe focus group resembled more clearly the known epileptic group than it did either the control group or the random psychiatric group. 3. It is concluded that this EEG abnormality, even in the absence of overt epilepsy, has clinical psychiatric significance. It should be looked for in patients whose clinical picture has the features that tend to be correlated with this abnormality (Tables 3 and 4) and when present should be given proper diagnostic and therapeutic regard. 4. The data support, in a controlled study, the experimental and clinical observations of others in linking particular types of psychiatric symptoms to temporal lobe (and its rhinencephalic connections) dysfunction.
Developmental extinction of major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression in plasmocytes is mediated by silencing of the transactivator gene CIITA.
Authors: P Silacci, A Mottet, V Steimle, W Reith, B Mach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Constitutive major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene expression is tightly restricted to antigen presenting cells and is under developmental control. Cells of the B cell lineage acquire the capacity to express MHC class II genes early during ontogeny and lose this property during terminal differentiation into plasma cells. Cell fusion experiments have suggested that the extinction of MHC class II expression in plasma cells is due to a dominant repression, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. CIITA was recently identified as an MHC class II transactivator that is essential for MHC class II expression in B lymphocytes. We show here that inactivation of MHC class II genes in plasmocytes is associated with silencing of the CIITA gene. Moreover, experimentally induced expression of CIITA in plasmocytes leads to reexpression of MHC class II molecules to the same level as that observed on B lymphocytes. We therefore conclude that the loss of MHC class II expression observed upon terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasmocytes results from silencing of the transactivator gene CIITA.
Neural Evidence for Enhanced Error Detection in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Pearl H. Chiu, Patricia J. Deldin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Anomalies in error processing have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of major depressive disorder. In particular, depressed individuals exhibit heightened sensitivity to error-related information and negative environmental cues, along with reduced responsivity to positive reinforcers. The authors examined the neural activation associated with error processing in individuals diagnosed with and without major depression and the sensitivity of these processes to modulation by monetary task contingencies. Method: The error-related negativity and error-related positivity components of the event-related potential were used to characterize error monitoring in individuals with major depressive disorder and the degree to which these processes are sensitive to modulation by monetary reinforcement. Nondepressed comparison subjects (N=17) and depressed individuals (N=18) performed a flanker task under two external motivation conditions (i.e., monetary reward for correct responses and monetary loss for incorrect responses) and a nonmonetary condition. After each response, accuracy feedback was provided. The error-related negativity component assessed the degree of anomaly in initial error detection, and the error positivity component indexed recognition of errors. Results: Across all conditions, the depressed participants exhibited greater amplitude of the error-related negativity component, relative to the comparison subjects, and equivalent error positivity amplitude. In addition, the two groups showed differential modulation by task incentives in both components. Conclusions: These data implicate exaggerated early error-detection processes in the etiology and maintenance of major depressive disorder. Such processes may then recruit excessive neural and cognitive resources that manifest as symptoms of depression.
Validation of Lysyl Oxidase As a Prognostic Marker for Metastasis and Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trial 90-03
Authors: Quynh-Thu Le, Jonathan Harris, Anthony M. Magliocco, Christina S. Kong, Roman Diaz, Brian Shin, Hongbin Cao, Andy Trotti, Janine T. Erler, Christine H. Chung, Adam Dicker, Thomas F. Pajak, Amato J. Giaccia, K. Kian Ang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

To validate lysyl oxidase (LOX), a hypoxia-related protein, as a marker for metastasis in an independent head and neck cancer (HNC) patient group enrolled onto a prospective trial.We performed traditional immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) for LOX expression in 66 HNC patients from one institution. We also performed AQUA staining for LOX in 306 of 1,113 patients treated on a phase III trial comparing four radiation fractionation schedules in locally advanced HNC (RTOG 90-03). Pretreatment characteristics and outcome were similar between patients with and without LOX assessment. We correlated AQUA LOX expression with time to metastasis (TTM), time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS).LOX expression from both staining methods predicted for TTM in the first 66 patients. Multivariate analysis, controlling for significant parameters including nodal stage and performance status, revealed tumor LOX expression, as a continuous variable, was an independent predictor for TTM (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.33; P = .0001), TTP (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10; P = .0069), and OS (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.07; P = .0311) in RTOG 90-03 patients. This translates into a 259% increase in metastatic risk for a patient at the 75th percentile of LOX compared with one at the 25th percentile.AQUA LOX expression was strongly associated with increased metastasis, progression, and death in RTOG 90-03 patients. This study validates that LOX is a marker for metastasis and survival in HNC.
Observations on Vascular Sounds: The "Pistol-Shot" Sound and the Korotkoff Sound
Authors: RAMON L. LANGE, ROBERT P. CARLISLE, HANS H. HECHT
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The similarity between spontaneous "pistol-shot" sounds heard over large vessels and the Korotkoff sounds heard distal to a partially inflated blood pressure cuff suggests that a similar mechanism is responsible for their occurrence. Simultaneous records of intravascular pressures and of the sounds demonstrate that the sounds generally precede the major rise in intravascular pressure. These observations cannot be explained by the existing theories of sound production. A possible mechanism based on rapid changes in flow pattern is advanced.
Hyperfractionated Accelerated Chemoradiation With Concurrent Fluorouracil-Mitomycin Is More Effective Than Dose-Escalated Hyperfractionated Accelerated Radiation Therapy Alone in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: Final Results of the Radiotherapy Cooperative Clinical Trials Group of the German Cancer Society 95-06 Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Volker Budach, Martin Stuschke, Wilfried Budach, Michael Baumann, Dirk Geismar, Gerhard Grabenbauer, Ingrid Lammert, Klaus Jahnke, Georg Stueben, Thomas Herrmann, Michael Bamberg, Peter Wust, Wolfgang Hinkelbein, Klaus-Dieter Wernecke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To report the results and corresponding acute and late reactions of a prospective, randomized, clinical study in locally advanced head and neck cancer comparing concurrent fluorouracil (FU) and mitomycin (MMC) chemotherapy and hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy (C-HART; 70.6 Gy) to hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy alone (HART; 77.6 Gy).Three hundred eighty-four stage III (6%) and IV (94%) oropharyngeal (59.4%), hypopharyngeal (32.3%), and oral cavity (8.3%) cancer patients were randomly assigned to receive either 30 Gy (2 Gy every day) followed by 1.4 Gy bid to a total of 70.6 Gy concurrently with FU (600 mg/m(2), 120 hours continuous infusion) days 1 through 5 and MMC (10 mg/m(2)) on days 5 and 36 (C-HART) or 14 Gy (2 Gy every day) followed by 1.4 Gy bid to a total dose of 77.6 Gy (HART). The data were analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis.At 5 years, the locoregional control and overall survival rates were 49.9% and 28.6% for C-HART versus 37.4% and 23.7% for HART, respectively (P = .001 and P = .023, respectively). Progression-free and freedom from metastases rates were 29.3% and 51.9% for C-HART versus 26.6% and 54.7% for HART, respectively (P = .009 and P = .575, respectively). For C-HART, maximum acute reactions of mucositis, moist desquamation, and erythema were lower than with HART, whereas no differences in late reactions and overall rates of secondary neoplasms were observed.C-HART (70.6 Gy) is superior to dose-escalated HART (77.6 Gy) with comparable or less acute reactions and equivalent late reactions, indicating an improvement of the therapeutic ratio.
CLINICAL LECTURE ON THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY REMOVAL OF DOUBTFUL TUMOURS OF THE BREAST
Authors: J. C. Renton
Journal: BMJ (1903)

THE following five cases come under the category of doubtful tumours of the breast: CASE I.-A.B., aged 35, was recommended to me by Dr. Haldane eighteen years ago.She was suffering frcm a small swelling in the left breast which was hard and in the neighbourhood of the nipple, and I advised removal of the breast.This was done, the axillary glands being left untouched, and the Datient has remained quite well.The tumour was examined and found to be carcinoma.CASE ii.-R.H., aged 40, was sent to me eight years ago by Dr. Wylie, of Kilmarnock, complaining of a small lump in the right breast.I advised operation, and this was done along with the glands in the axilla.The tumour was examined and found to be carcinoma.She is still quite well.CASE III.-M.C., aged 43, came under my care at the Western Infirmary twenty-five years ago complaining of a hard rimp in the right breast.This was removed without the glands in the axilla.Fifteen years after- wards she returned complaining of a small lump in the other breast.This was removed along with the glands.In both cases the tumours
Synergistic effect of gefitinib and rofecoxib in mesothelioma cells
Authors: Daniela Stoppoloni, Claudia Canino, Irene Cardillo, Alessandra Verdina, Alfonso Baldi, Ada Sacchi, Rossella Galati
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor that is resistant to conventional modes of treatment with chemotherapy, surgery or radiation. Research into the molecular pathways involved in the development of MM should yield information that will guide therapeutic decisions. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are involved in the carcinogenesis of MM. Combination of COX-2 and EGFR inhibitors, therefore, could be an effective strategy for reducing cell growth in those lines expressing the two molecular markers.In order to verify the effect of COX-2 and EGFR inhibitors, five MM cell lines NCI-2452, MPP89, Ist-Mes-1, Ist-Mes-2 and MSTO-211 were characterized for COX-2 and EGFR and then treated with respective inhibitors (rofecoxib and gefitinib) alone and in combination. Only MPP89, Ist-Mes-1 and Ist-Mes-2 were sensitive to rofecoxib and showed growth-inhibition upon gefitinib treatment. The combination of two drugs demonstrated synergistic effects on cell killing only in Ist-Mes-2, the cell line that was more sensitive to gefitinib and rofecoxib alone. Down-regulation of COX-2, EGFR, p-EGFR and up-regulation of p21 and p27 were found in Ist-Mes-2, after treatment with single agents and in combination. In contrast, association of two drugs resulted in antagonistic effect in Ist-Mes-1 and MPP89. In these cell lines after rofecoxib exposition, only an evident reduction of p-AKT was observed. No change in p-AKT in Ist-Mes-1 and MPP89 was observed after treatment with gefitinib alone and in combination with rofecoxib.Gefitinib and rofecoxib exert cell type-specific effects that vary between different MM cells. Total EGFR expression and downstream signalling does not correlate with gefitinib sensitivity. These data suggest that the effect of gefitinib can be potentiated by rofecoxib in MM cell lines where AKT is not activated.
Cough receptor sensitivity and bronchial responsiveness in normal and asthmatic subjects
Authors: M Fujimura, S Sakamoto, Y Kamio, T Matsuda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

We examined whether airway cough receptor sensitivity correlates to nonspecific bronchial responsiveness. We measured cough threshold, the lowest concentration of inhaled tartaric acid eliciting five or more coughs, and the provocative concentration of methacholine producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20FEV1) in 38 normal and 11 asthmatic subjects. All subjects were nonsmokers. The geometric mean value of PC20FEV1 was 25.7 mg.ml-1 (GSEM1.29) and 0.63 mg.ml-1 (GSEM1.29) and the geometric mean value of the cough threshold was 115 mg.ml-1 (GSEM1.20) and 95.5 mg.ml-1 (GSEM1.35) in normal and asthmatic subjects, respectively. The PC20FEV1 was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in asthmatics than in normals but the cough threshold did not differ between them. No significant correlation was observed between the cough threshold and the PC20FEV1 in normal subjects or in asthmatics. These results indicate that cough sensitivity does not directly correlate to bronchial responsiveness in normal and asthmatic subjects.
A double-blind comparison of acitretin and etretinate in combination with bath PUVA in the treatment of extensive psoriasis
Authors: J. LAUHARANTA, J-M. GEIGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article A double‐blind comparison of acitretin and etretinate in combination with bath PUVA in the treatment of extensive psoriasis Get access J. LAUHARANTA, J. LAUHARANTA Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Switzerland Dr J. Lauharanta, Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Snellmaninkatu 14, SF‐00170 Helsinki, Finland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐M. GEIGER J‐M. GEIGER Department of Clinical Research, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche and Co. Ltd, Basle, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue 1, 1 July 1989, Pages 107–112, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01406.x Published: 01 July 1989
Fees for Temporary Residents
Authors: A. P. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1967)

and enter "digs" on a lodging allowance prior to commencing a course costing the taxpayer possibly anything up to £800-a sum which would cover the cost of hundreds of medical examinations.In cases such as this, the job which was given up is possibly no longer available on terminating the course prematurely.Only those applicants who are considered, by a panel, technically suitable for travelling require medical examination.
The efficacy of psychological interventions for infertile patients: a meta-analysis examining mental health and pregnancy rate
Authors: Katja Hämmerli, Hansjörg Znoj, Jürgen Barth
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2009)

BACKGROUNDPsychological interventions for infertile patients seek to improve mental health and increase pregnancy rates. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to examine if psychological interventions improve mental health and pregnancy rate among infertile patients. Thus, controlled studies were pooled investigating psychological interventions following the introduction of assisted reproductive treatments (ART).
Active Properties of Neocortical Pyramidal Neuron Dendrites
Authors: Guy Major, Matthew E. Larkum, Jackie Schiller
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2013)

Dendrites are the main recipients of synaptic inputs and are important sites that determine neurons' input-output functions. This review focuses on thin neocortical dendrites, which receive the vast majority of synaptic inputs in cortex but also have specialized electrogenic properties. We present a simplified working-model biophysical scheme of pyramidal neurons that attempts to capture the essence of their dendritic function, including the ability to behave under plausible conditions as dynamic computational subunits. We emphasize the electrogenic capabilities of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) because these transmitter-gated channels seem to provide the major nonlinear depolarizing drive in thin dendrites, even allowing full-blown NMDA spikes. We show how apparent discrepancies in experimental findings can be reconciled and discuss the current status of dendritic spikes in vivo; a dominant NMDAR contribution would indicate that the input-output relations of thin dendrites are dynamically set by network activity and cannot be fully predicted by purely reductionist approaches.