tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic exercise enhances endothelium-mediated dilation of epicardial coronary artery in conscious dogs.
Authors: J Wang, M S Wolin, T H Hintze
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Whether endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)/nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the dilation of the left circumflex coronary artery during acute exercise and whether endothelium-mediated dilation of this artery is altered after chronic exercise training have not been determined previously. Nine dogs were chronically instrumented for measurements of systemic hemodynamics, left circumflex coronary artery diameter, and blood flow. Acute treadmill exercise (10.9 km/h) caused dilation of the circumflex coronary artery by 4.33 +/- 0.84% and an increase in coronary blood flow by 32 +/- 5.2 mL/min. After the administration of intravenous nitro-L-arginine, the dilation of the circumflex coronary artery was converted to vasoconstriction (-4.13 +/- 1.58%), whereas the increase in coronary blood flow was not altered (24 +/- 3.6 mL/min). Chronic exercise training (2 hours each day at a speed of 10.9 km/h for 7 days) enhanced acetylcholine-induced dilation and reactive dilation (following release of a brief coronary artery occlusion) of the large coronary artery (P &lt; .05), whereas the coronary blood flow responses were not changed. These enhanced acetylcholine-induced and reactive dilations of the circumflex coronary artery were due to a greater release of EDRF/NO since they were eliminated by nitro-L-arginine. Thus, in the circumflex coronary artery, EDRF/NO-dependent dilation was enhanced after 7 days of exercise training. This may represent the mechanism responsible for the perception that chronic exercise induces cardiovascular "well being."
Protected bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: B. Barreiro, J. Dorca, F. Manresa, I. Catalá, L. Esteban, R. Verdaguer, F. Gudiol
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of protected bronchoalveolar lavage (PBAL) in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and to determine the effect of antibiotic therapy on its microbiological and cytological results. We prospectively studied 102 episodes of suspected VAP in 93 patients. Subsequent follow-up confirmed VAP in 35 of the 102 (34%) cases. In 55 of the 102 (55%) VAP was ruled out, and the diagnosis remained undetermined in 12 of the 102 (12%) episodes. In the VAP group, 30 of the 35 (86%) PBAL (&gt; or = 10(4) colony-forming units (cfu)-mL-1) cultures were positive. In the non-VAP group, 5 of the 55 (9%) PBAL cultures were positive. A Giemsa stain of PBAL samples was performed in 32 of the 35 cases of VAP. Intracellular organisms (ICO) were found in 24 of the 32 (75%) cases. Seven of the other eight cases without evidence of ICO were already on antibiotics. In the non-VAP group, ICO were present in only 1 out of 55 (2%) cases. The mean ICO was significantly higher in the group who had not received antibiotics when compared with those patients previously treated for less than 48 h (p &lt; or = 0.01) and those treated for more than 48 h (p = 0.009). The sensitivity of protected bronchoalveolar lavage quantitative cultures was 87% and the specificity 91%. The sensitivity of cytological analysis for intracellular organisms was 75% and the specificity 98%. According to our results, if the patient is already on antibiotics, the direct examination of protected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is less reliable, although still helpful.
Beyond sudden death in the athlete: how to identify family members at risk
Authors: Giovanni Quarta, Pier Lambiase, Perry Elliott
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Sudden death in young athletes is always a catastrophic event which focuses medical and public attention on the prevention of similar tragedies in other sporting participants. In this review article, we discuss the importance of evaluation of family members, who, by virtue of the familial nature of many of the diseases that cause sudden cardiac death, are potentially at risk of a similar outcome. We show that a systematic approach to the clinical evaluation of relatives of sudden death victims has a high yield in the identification of other affected family members and may prevent further catastrophic events in the same family.
Fondaparinux or Enoxaparin for the Initial Treatment of Symptomatic Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Harry R. Büller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: The current standard initial therapies for deep venous thrombosis are low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin. In a dose-ranging study of patients with symptomatic deep venous thrombosis, fondaparinux had efficacy and a safety profile similar to those of low-molecular-weight heparin (dalteparin). Objective: To evaluate whether fondaparinux has efficacy and safety similar to those of enoxaparin in patients with deep venous thrombosis. Design: Randomized, double-blind study. Setting: 154 centers worldwide. Patients: 2205 patients with acute symptomatic deep venous thrombosis. Intervention: Fondaparinux, 7.5 mg (5.0 mg in patients weighing <50 kg and 10.0 mg in patients weighing >100 kg) subcutaneously once daily, or enoxaparin, 1 mg/kg of body weight, subcutaneously twice daily for at least 5 days and until vitamin K antagonists induced an international normalized ratio greater than 2.0. Measurements: The primary efficacy outcome was the 3-month incidence of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolic complications. The main safety outcomes were major bleeding during initial treatment and death. An independent, blinded committee adjudicated all outcomes. Results: 43 (3.9%) of 1098 patients randomly assigned to fondaparinux had recurrent thromboembolic events compared with 45 (4.1%) of 1107 patients randomly assigned to enoxaparin (absolute difference, −0.15 percentage point [95% CI, −1.8 to 1.5 percentage points]). Major bleeding occurred in 1.1% of patients receiving fondaparinux and 1.2% of patients receiving enoxaparin. Mortality rates were 3.8% and 3.0%, respectively. Limitations: Follow-up was incomplete in 0.4% of fondaparinux-treated patients and 1.0% of enoxaparin-treated patients. Conclusions: Once-daily subcutaneous fondaparinux was at least as effective (not inferior) and safe as twice-daily, body weight–adjusted enoxaparin in the initial treatment of patients with symptomatic deep venous thrombosis. *For a list of the members of The Matisse Investigators, see the Appendix.
Biomarkers of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: Damian T. McManus, Andreea Olaru, Stephen J. Meltzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The rising incidence and poor prognosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the Western world have intensified research efforts into earlier methods of detection of this disease and its relationship to Barrett’s esophagus. The progression of Barrett’s esophagus to adenocarcinoma has been the focus of particular scrutiny, and a number of potential tissue and serum-based disease biomarkers have emerged. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma are outlined. Tissue biomarkers allowing risk stratification of Barrett’s are reviewed as well as strategies currently being used to discover novel biomarkers that will facilitate the early detection of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Finally, the uses of biomarkers as predictive tests for targeted treatments and as surrogate endpoints in chemoprevention trials are considered.
A CASE OF PSEUDOMEMBIUNOUS INTERTRIGO
Authors: ALICE CARLETON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1943)

Journal Article A CASE OF PSEUDOMEMBIUNOUS INTERTRIGO Get access ALICE CARLETON ALICE CARLETON Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 55, Issue 6, 1 June 1943, Pages 154–158, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1943.tb10768.x Published: 01 June 1943
Comparison of different techniques to measure body composition in moderately active adolescents.
Authors: A De Lorenzo, I Bertini, N Candeloro, L Iacopino, A Andreoli, M D Van Loan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

To evaluate the differences in the estimate of body fat percentage (%FM) and the amount (kg) of fat free mass (FFM) by different methods in 26 moderately active adolescents very similar in age, body fatness, and training status.Mean (SD) age was 16.7 (0.9) years, height was 177.0 (5.1) cm, and weight 68.0 (5.2) kg. %FM was assessed using dual-energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) and two skinfold prediction equations: that of Slaughter et al (%FM Sla) and that of Deurenberg et al (%FM Deu). In the same way, FFM was measured using DXA and different impedance equations: those of Suprasongsin et al (FFM Sup), Schaefer et al (FFM Sch), Houtkooper et al (FFM Hou), and Deurenberg et al (FFM Deu). To determine the interchangeability of the different methods of measuring %FM and FFM, one way analysis of variance, standard error (SE), and coefficient of variation (CV%) ((SD/mean) x 100) were used.On average, no significant statistical differences were observed between the values determined for %FM: DXA value, 11.7 (5.4%); %FM Sla, 10.9 (4.0)%; %FM Deu, 11.5 (2.3)%. On the other hand, SE and CV% between each pair of the three methods used showed very large variability. With regard to the measurement or prediction of FFM, the mean value measured by DXA was significantly higher than that predicted by the equation of Sch (+7.2 kg, p < 0.001), Deu (+3.2 kg, p < 0.001), and Hou (+2.6 kg, p < 0.001), whereas it was lower than that predicted by the equation of Sup (-1.6 kg, p < 0.05). The Hou and Deu values were the only two that, on average, did not differ in a statistically significant way, although they showed the highest CV%.In our sample of moderately active adolescents the estimated values for %FM and FFM appear to be highly dependent on method.
High-risk melanoma patients: can unnecessary naevi biopsies be avoided?
Authors: C. Carrera
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article High‐risk melanoma patients: can unnecessary naevi biopsies be avoided? Get access C. Carrera C. Carrera Department of Dermatology Hospital Clínic Barcelona University of Barcelona Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 2, 1 February 2015, Pages 313–315, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13527 Published: 01 February 2015
Inactivation of <i>Patched1</i> in Murine Chondrocytes Causes Spinal Fusion Without Inflammation
Authors: Kai Dittmann, Manuela Wuelling, Anja Uhmann, Christian Dullin, Heidi Hahn, Stefan Schweyer, Andrea Vortkamp, Jürgen Wienands
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

During development of the vertebrate skeleton, chondrocytes form a cartilage template that is gradually replaced by bone. Hormones of the Hedgehog (HH) family have been implicated in the ossification process, but their exact relationship to normal or pathogenic bone formation is unclear. This study was undertaken to establish a genetic tool that allows the discrete inactivation of genes in spinal chondrocytes, and to investigate in vivo how chondrocyte-specific ablation of the inhibitory HH receptor Patched 1 (Ptch1) affects skeleton integrity.A Cre-deleter mouse strain, mb1-Cre, for selective gene recombination in spinal chondrocytes was identified by in situ hybridization and histologic analysis. The mb1-Cre(+/-) animals were crossed with mice that harbor a loxP-flanked Ptch1 gene (Ptch1(flox/flox) ) to abrogate the inhibition of the HH signaling pathway in chondrocytes. The skeletal integrity of F1 mice was characterized by high-resolution flat-panel-based volume computed tomography and histologic staining procedures.During the first weeks after birth, all mb1-Cre(+/-) /Ptch1(flox/flox) mice developed progressive spinal fusion with malformation of the vertebrae. This phenotype was caused by aberrant chondrocyte proliferation in the intervertebral discs that blocked endochondral ossification. Importantly, the disease pattern occurred in an inflammation-independent manner.Our findings indicate that chronic activation of the HH signal pathway in spinal chondrocytes can trigger an ankylosing spine morphology without immune cell contributions. Hence, the destruction of cartilage and loss of axial joint integrity can result from chondrocyte-intrinsic defects of monogenic origin.
Methotrexate treatment in patients with adult onset Still's disease---retrospective study of 13 Japanese cases
Authors: T. Fujii, M. Akizuki, H. Kameda, M. Matsumura, M. Hirakata, T. Yoshida, T. Shinozawa, T. Mimori
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To evaluate methotrexate treatment in patients with active adult onset Still's disease (AOSD). <h3>METHODS</h3> Methotrexate was initially given as a single weekly oral dose of 5 mg and adjusted individually afterwards in 13 patients with active AOSD. Symptoms and laboratory findings were investigated. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Signs of AOSD activity disappeared (remission) in eight patients between 3 and 16 weeks after starting methotrexate. In these patients, significant improvements in C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood count, and serum ferritin were observed at 8, 12, 14, and 16 weeks after starting methotrexate, respectively. In six of these eight patients, steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could be reduced or discontinued. In four patients methotrexate was not effective despite 12 or 16 weeks of treatment, and one patient discontinued treatment after 2 weeks because of severe nausea. Five patients suffered from adverse reactions, including acute interstitial pneumonia (one patient) and liver toxicity (two patients). Five out of eight patients successfully treated with methotrexate were HLA-DR4 positive (four homozygotes), and all the unsuccessfully treated patients were DR2 positive. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Methotrexate is useful for controlling disease activity in AOSD, not only for refractory patients but also for patients who have never taken steroids or for those with steroid associated toxicity. However, serious adverse reactions can occur, as with rheumatoid arthritis. It is important to determine the critical factors, such as the immunogenetic background, that are associated with response to methotrexate treatment.
The Biology of Metastasis to a Sanctuary Site
Authors: Diane Palmieri, Ann F. Chambers, Brunhilde Felding-Habermann, Suyun Huang, Patricia S. Steeg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Metastasis to the brain is prevalent in solid tumors and lymphomas, and is associated with shortened survival. The brain is regarded as a sanctuary site for metastatic tumor cells where they exist partially protected from drugs by the blood-tumor barrier. Model systems for brain metastasis have been developed and are now yielding mechanistic insights into the roles of angiogenesis, energy metabolism, the Her-2 and Stat3 signaling pathways, and dormancy. Specific, new approaches to combat brain metastatic disease are needed.
Retaining nurses in the NHS
Authors: S. J Lewis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Concerns of clinicians and patients need to be addressed firstEditor-Chantler and Johnson suggested that patients should receive copies of letters and summaries. 1We have researched this subject in our practice since 1998. 2 Our experience of copying referral letters received such a positive response from patients that we have been doing this routinely for the past year and a half.In a recent postal survey of 300 patients who had received copies of letters, 229 replied (response rate 76%), 220 (97%) of them saying that they would like to receive copies in future.Most of the respondents (184, 80%) believed that this should become routine NHS policy and should receive priority funding.Few concerns were raised about understanding the letters, and patients did not report increased anxiety; rather, they were reassured that their problem was being dealt with and they could understand why they were being referred.Copying letters has not notably increased workload for doctors in our practice in terms of extra consulting time with patients, but financial costs are incurred in additional administrative time, stationery, and postage.We therefore broadly agree with Chantler and Johnson's argument that this is a policy that, if adequately funded, should be implemented forthwith.We have, however, also just completed a series of interviews with a random sample of local general practitioners, all of whom raised some important concerns.They worry about how to write letters that are both comprehensible for patients and informative for professional colleagues, and how to avoid anxiety in patients when writing about tentative but potentially serious differential diagnoses.
Effect of oral 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on calcium and phosphate malabsorption in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: K Farrington, O Epstein, Z Varghese, S P Newman, J F Moorhead, S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1979)

Changes in calcium and phosphate absorption in response to treatment with small doses of oral 1,25 (OH)2D3 were studied in 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis by means of a combined radio-isotope technique. There was a marked improvement in the fractional rates of absorption of calcium (P less than 0.01) and phosphate (0.05 P less than 0.1) after treatment. This implies than there is no end organ unresponsiveness to the action of active Vitamin D metabolites at the intestinal level in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Relationships between bronchial obstruction and differential NO parameters after methacholine challenge testing
Authors: Liubov Barbinova, Preisser Alexandra, Xaver Baur
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The aim of the study was to investigate whether methacholine-induced changes of FEV 1 /FVC on the one hand, and of the alveolar NO concentration (C alv ) and the NO flux from the bronchial wall (J aw ) on the other hand, are associated.   Patients and methods:  65 patients (all non-smokers) with work-related symptoms underwent a methacholine challenge test. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (NSBHR) was defined as a decrease of FEV 1  of 20% induced by ≤ 0.3 mg of methacholine. Measurements of FeNO were performed at five flow rates. C alv  and J aw  were calculated.   Results:  There was a positive association between lung function changes after methacholine challenge and J aw  decrease with a stronger J aw  decrease in the NSBHR group: ΔJ aw : -0.73±0.27 vs.-0.25±0.07 nL/s, p=0.1. Contrary to this, C alv  increased in the NSBHR group (n=22) and decreased in the group without NSBHR (n=43) (ΔC alv :0.3±0.1 vs.- 0.2±0.07 ppb; p 1 /FVC and of C alv  in the NSBHR group (r sp = - 0.65, p   Conclusions:  The increase of C alv  in the NSBHR group is related to the degree of bronchial obstruction and evidently due to mixing alveolar and bronchial NO. The stronger airways obstruction (ΔFEV 1 /FVC), the more NO of bronchial source does not reach the alveoli and is exhaled delate during the alveolar phase. Our results confirm the thesis of Hogman et al. (2002), who interpreted elevated C alv  of COPD as a poor ventilation-perfusion matching. Correspondently, elevated C alv  can be considered not only as a marker of alveolar inflammation but also as an indicator of peripheral airways obstruction.
Role of interleukin 1 in anti-immunoglobulin-induced B cell proliferation.
Authors: M Howard, S B Mizel, L Lachman, J Ansel, B Johnson, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

In this report we describe conditions for polyclonal activation of small numbers of highly purified mouse B lymphocytes. Three signals are required for induction of DNA synthesis by the particular subset of small B lymphocytes investigated: a signal delivered by antibodies specific for the IgM receptor expressed on the B cell membrane; a signal delivered by a T cell-derived factor (B cell growth factor [BCGF]); and a signal delivered by the macrophage-derived factor interleukin 1 (IL-1). The conclusion that IL-1 has B cell co-stimulator activity is based on the findings that highly purified preparations of mouse and human IL-1 have the capacity to cause proliferation in B cells treated with anti-IgM and BCGF. Such cultures show an absolute dependence on exogenously added IL-1 when 2-mercaptoethanol is omitted from the medium. BCGF and IL-1 each act in a non-antigen-specific, non-H-2-restricted, synergistic manner. Their requirement is not observed when B cells are cultured at high density, presumably reflecting accessory cell contamination and endogenous factor production under these conditions. The B cell activation induced by these three signals is restricted to proliferation without the production of antibody-forming cells.
Biological Variability of Dendritic Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Peripheral Blood of Normal Adults
Authors: Maleewan Kitcharoensakkul, Leonard B. Bacharier, Dana Burgdorf, Huiqing Yin-Declue, Jonathan S. Boomer, Brad Wilson, Kenneth Schectman, Mario Castro
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Clinical Pharmacology of Platelet, Monocyte, and Vascular Cyclooxygenase Inhibition by Naproxen and Low-Dose Aspirin in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Marta L. Capone, Stefania Tacconelli, Maria G. Sciulli, Marilena Grana, Emanuela Ricciotti, Pietro Minuz, Patrizia Di Gregorio, Gabriele Merciaro, Carlo Patrono, Paola Patrignani
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The current controversy on the potential cardioprotective effect of naproxen prompted us to evaluate the extent and duration of platelet, monocyte, and vascular cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition by naproxen compared with low-dose aspirin.We performed a crossover, open-label study of low-dose aspirin (100 mg/d) or naproxen (500 mg BID) administered to 9 healthy subjects for 6 days. The effects on thromboxane (TX) and prostacyclin biosynthesis were assessed up to 24 hours after oral dosing. Serum TXB2, plasma prostaglandin (PG) E2, and urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF(1alpha) were measured by previously validated radioimmunoassays. The administration of naproxen or aspirin caused a similar suppression of whole-blood TXB2 production, an index of platelet COX-1 activity ex vivo, by 94+/-3% and 99+/-0.3% (mean+/-SD), respectively, and of the urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-TXB2, an index of systemic biosynthesis of TXA2 in vivo, by 85+/-8% and 78+/-7%, respectively, that persisted throughout the dosing interval. Naproxen, in contrast to aspirin, significantly reduced systemic prostacyclin biosynthesis by 77+/-19%, consistent with differential inhibition of monocyte COX-2 activity measured ex vivo.The regular administration of naproxen 500 mg BID can mimic the antiplatelet COX-1 effect of low-dose aspirin. Naproxen, unlike aspirin, decreased prostacyclin biosynthesis in vivo.