tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of precautionary statements on the purchasing practices of Canadians directly and indirectly affected by food allergies
Authors: Moshe Ben-Shoshan, Shashank Sheth, Daniel Harrington, Lianne Soller, Joe Fragapane, Lawrence Joseph, Yvan St Pierre, Sebastien La Vieille, Susan Elliott, Susan Waserman, Reza Alizadehfar, Laurie Harada, Mary Allen, Marilyn H. Allen, Ann E. Clarke
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Endoscopic Gastric Surgery.
Authors: R C MASON
Journal: Gut (2001)

index and I personally do not like the idea of paginating in sections and chapters.With a book of this length it is surely easier to simply number the pages.However, these are minor complaints and on the whole I would recommend this book to anyone interested in liver disease and particularly to trainees in gastroenterology, hepatology, or hepatobiliary surgery who will come back to this book again and again.
Calf muscle wasting after tibial shaft fracture: Figure 1
Authors: M Khalid, A Brannigan, T Burke
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Objectives: To study the long term effect of tibial shaft fractures treated by immobilisation in a long leg cast on the calf muscle bulk. Methods: Computed tomography scans were performed at fixed points on the lower legs of 23 non-professional athletes who sustained closed tibial fractures 16 years previously. Length of immobilisation was determined from the hospital records. All the fractures were treated non-operatively. The cross sectional area of the various leg compartments was measured and compared with the non-injured leg. Results: There was a significant reduction in cross sectional area of the posterior compartment (p&lt;0.001, Student’s t test). No such difference was seen in the anterolateral compartment. Conclusion: Tibial fractures treated non-operatively are associated with significant long term calf muscle wasting.
Microarray analysis reveals that TP53- and ATM-mutant B-CLLs share a defect in activating proapoptotic responses after DNA damage but are distinguished by major differences in activating prosurvival responses
Authors: Tatjana Stankovic, Mike Hubank, Debbie Cronin, Grant S. Stewart, Danielle Fletcher, Colin R. Bignell, Azra J. Alvi, Belinda Austen, Victoria J. Weston, Christopher Fegan, Philip J. Byrd, Paul A. H. Moss, A. Malcolm R. Taylor
Journal: Blood (2003)
The Adaptive Immunologic Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer: A Novel Perspective
Authors: Jérôme Galon, Wolf-Herman Fridman, Franck Pagès
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies, often presenting with a poor prognosis. To date, the anatomic extent of disease has been by far the most important prognostic factor. Recently, we obtained evidence that the type, density, and location of immune cells in colorectal cancer could provide a prognostic factor superior and independent to that of criteria related to the anatomic extent of the tumor. Here, we discuss the meaning and potential implications of this novel finding.
Progesterone as a Bone-Trophic Hormone
Authors: J. C. PRIOR
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1990)

FULLER Albright's observation that women developed osteoporosis after, but rarely before the menopause, led him to assert that osteoporosis was caused by hormonal changes around the time of the climacteric (1). Although his first clinical trial tested progesterone and testosterone, as well as estrogen treatment, Albright believed that it was estrogen deficiency that resulted in decreased bone formation and caused osteoporosis, “a condition in which the osteoblasts were primarily deficient in laying down osteoid tissue” (2). Kinetic and histomorphometric data suggest that bone formation and resorption are closely linked (3, 4). Increased resorption, which occurs after the menopause, will not cause a net loss of bone if formation is equally increased. Studies of bone histology suggest that bone formation in postmenopausal women is not increased but is inappropriately “normal” or low (5, 6). Estrogen treatment is associated with decreased resorption and with no change or a slight decrease in formation (5, 7). The long term net response to estrogen therapy appears to be decreased remodeling and the creation of a relatively inactive bone mass (5–7). Despite Albright's assumption that estrogen deficiency caused decreased bone formation, it is now clear that estrogen's predominant effect is to decrease bone resorption.
Brain Regional α-[<sup>11</sup>C]Methyl-<scp>l</scp>-Tryptophan Trapping in Impulsive Subjects With Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: M Leyton, H Okazawa, M Diksic, J Paris, P Rosa, S Mzengeza, S N Young, P Blier, C Benkelfat
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Neurotransmission of serotonin (or 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is thought to be disturbed in patients exhibiting impulsive behaviors. However, until recently it has not been possible to test this hypothesis in the brains of living humans. METHOD: Unidirectional trapping of the 5-HT precursor analog α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan (α-[11C]MTrp) has been proposed as an index of 5-HT synthesis capacity. The authors measured brain regional α-[11C]MTrp trapping with positron emission tomography in medication-free subjects with borderline personality disorder (N=13) and a healthy comparison group (N=11). Impulsivity was assessed by using a laboratory measure of behavioral disinhibition, go/no-go commission errors. RESULTS: Compared to healthy men, the men with borderline personality disorder had significantly lower α-[11C]MTrp trapping in corticostriatal sites, including the medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and corpus striatum. In the women with borderline personality disorder, significantly lower α-[11C]MTrp trapping was seen in fewer regions, but in both men and women, negative correlations with impulsivity scores were identified in the medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, temporal gyrus, and striatum. CONCLUSIONS: Low 5-HT synthesis capacity in corticostriatal pathways may contribute to the development of impulsive behaviors in persons with borderline personality disorder.
Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms in German and US patients are not associated with occurrence or severity of acute pancreatitis
Authors: A. Guenther, A. Aghdassi, V. Muddana, B. Rau, H.-U. Schulz, J. Mayerle, M. Kraft, D. C. Whitcomb, M. M. Lerch, F. U. Weiss
Journal: Gut (2010)

In a recent paper published in Gut Sharif and co-workers have investigated the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its co-receptor CD14 in experimental pancreatitis. Using genetically modified strains of mice in which TLR4 or CD14 had been deleted the authors found significantly less pancreatic injury and systemic inflammation in the milder, caerulein-induced pancreatitis as well as the more severe L-arginine-induced variety.1 Toll-like receptors belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors that mediate innate immune recognition and inflammatory responses. They are activated by products of microbial metabolism and for TLR4 the best established ligand is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of Gram-negative bacteria. Surprisingly, the beneficial effect of TLR4 or CD14 deletion on pancreatitis was completely independent of either the presence of LPS, or the translocation of bacteria.1 If TLR4 were to have a …
Identification of a novel cellular target and a co-factor for norovirus infection – B cells &amp; commensal bacteria
Authors: Stephanie M Karst
Journal: Gut Microbes (2015)

Human noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide but research on these important enteric pathogens has long been restricted by their uncultivability. Extensive efforts to infect intestinal epithelial cells with murine and human noroviruses in vitro have been thus far unsuccessful while murine noroviruses efficiently and lytically infect innate immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. We have recently discovered that murine and human noroviruses infect B cells in vitro. The nature of B cell infection was distinct from innate immune cell infection in that mature B cells were infected noncytopathically in contrast to the lytic infection of macrophages and dendritic cells. Human norovirus infection of B cells was facilitated by commensal bacteria expressing an appropriate histo-blood group antigen. Importantly, we used the mouse model of norovirus infection to confirm that Peyer's patch B cells are infected, and that commensal bacteria stimulate infection, in vivo.
A CASE OF CEREBELLAR TUMOUR
Authors: R. T. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1920)

CEREBELLAR TUMOUR.Tmw m 59} pushing on the catheter from the nasal end.In an average adult the catheter should be.passed for, a distance of about 30 cm. from the ala of the nose, or about 5 cm.further than the distance from the teeth required in the oral route.Catheterization is -greatly facilitated by the relaxation obtained by a really deep anaesthesia and by the use of a large size laryngoscope.4. Six pieces. of ordinary rubber tubing (sizes 22, 24, 6, 28, 3fZand 32 French-catheter gauge, walls 2 mm.thick) are smeared with sterile vasline, and, starting with the smallest, rapidly passed one after the other through the opposite naris.This manceuvre gradually dilates the nasal passage, and enables a tube large enough to provide a sufficient return-airway in most oases to be used.The length of tubing to pass may be roughly
Fistulization of rheumatoid joints. Spectrum of identifiable syndromes.
Authors: R F Shapiro, D Resnick, J J Castles, R D D'Ambrosia, P R Lipscomb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

Eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis developed cutaneous fistulae adjacent to affected joints. Rheumatoid factor was positive in eight patients; subcutaneous nodules were noted in seven. Two patients had features of rheumatoid vasculitis. A spectrum of syndrome characterized by cutaneous fistulae was observed. Three patients showed classical fistulous rheumatism. Four patients developed septic arthritis which subsequently fistulized; in two, infection was associated with total joint replacement. One patient showed a cutaneous sinus accompanying a large calf cyst. A variety of diagnoses must be considered when cutaneous fistulae appear near joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Lung cancer in a nonsmoking underground uranium miner.
Authors: K B Mulloy, D S James, K Mohs, M Kornfeld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Working in mines is associated with acute and chronic occupational disorders. Most of the uranium mining in the United States took place in the Four Corners region of the Southwest (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah) and on Native American lands. Although the uranium industry collapsed in the late 1980s, the industry employed several thousand individuals who continue to be at increased risk for developing lung cancers. We present the case of a 72-year-old Navajo male who worked for 17 years as an underground uranium miner and who developed lung cancer 22 years after leaving the industry. His total occupational exposure to radon progeny was estimated at 506 working level months. The miner was a life-long nonsmoker and had no other significant occupational or environmental exposures. On the chest X-ray taken at admission into the hospital, a right lower lung zone infiltrate was detected. The patient was treated for community-acquired pneumonia and developed respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Respiratory failure worsened and the patient died 19 days after presenting. On autopsy, a 2.5 cm squamous cell carcinoma of the right lung arising from the lower lobe bronchus, a right broncho-esophageal fistula, and a right lower lung abscess were found. Malignant respiratory disease in uranium miners may be from several occupational exposures; for example, radon decay products, silica, and possibly diesel exhaust are respiratory carcinogens that were commonly encountered. In response to a growing number of affected uranium miners, the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1990 to make partial restitution to individuals harmed by radiation exposure resulting from underground uranium mining and above-ground nuclear tests in Nevada.
Surveillance for lower airway pathogens in mechanically ventilated patients by metabolomic analysis of exhaled breath: a case-control study
Authors: S. J. Fowler, M. Basanta-Sanchez, Y. Xu, R. Goodacre, P. M. Dark
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Healthcare associated infections, including ventilator associated pneumonia, are difficult to diagnose and treat, and are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and cost. We aimed to demonstrate proof of concept that breath volatile profiles were associated with the presence of clinically relevant pathogens in the lower respiratory tract. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with sterile brain injury requiring intubation and ventilation on the intensive care unit were eligible for inclusion. Serial clinical and breath data were obtained three times a week, from admission up to a maximum of 10 days. Bronchial lavage for semiquantitative culture was collected immediately prior to breath sampling. Breath samples were collected in triplicate for off-line analysis by thermal-desorption/gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Breath data were recorded as retention time/mass ion pairs, and analysed (pathogen present vs absent) by ANOVA-mean centre principal component analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Samples were collected from 46 patients (mean (SD) age 49 (19) years; 27 male). The dominant factors affecting breath sample analysis were the individual breath profile and duration of intubation. When these were taken into account, clear separation was seen between breath profiles at each time point by the presence/absence of pathogens. Loadings plots identified consistent metabolite peaks contributing to this separation at each time point. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Breath volatile analysis is able to classify breath profiles of patients with and without significant pathogen load in the lower respiratory tract. If validated in independent cohorts, these findings could lead to development of rapid non-invasive point-of-care surveillance systems and diagnostics for lower respiratory tract infection in the intensive care unit.
The FDA Report on Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Walter J. Stark, David M. Worthen, Jack T. Holladay, Patricia E. Bath, Mary E. Jacobs, George C. Murray, Eleanor T. McGhee, Max W. Talbott, Melvin D. Shipp, Nancy E. Thomas, Roger W. Barnes, Daniel W.C. Brown, Jorge N. Buxton, Robert D. Reinecke, Chang-Sheng Lao, Scarlett Fisher
Journal: Ophthalmology (1983)
The Prognostic and Therapeutic Relevance of p27kip1 in Ewing’s Family Tumors
Authors: Tomoya Matsunobu, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Fumihiko Nakatani, Riku Sakimura, Masuo Hanada, Xu Li, Yoshinao Oda, Ichiro Naruse, Hideki Hoshino, Masazumi Tsuneyoshi, Hiromasa Miura, Yukihide Iwamoto
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Ewing’s family tumors (EFTs) display the characteristic fusion gene EWS-Fli1. We have reported EWS-Fli1 may promote the cell cycle progression accompanied by the suppression of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 in EFT cells. Here, we describe the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of p27 in EFTs. Experimental Design: We examined tumor samples taken from 21 patients with primary EFTs for the expression of p27 protein immunohistochemically and evaluated its correlation with clinical outcome. We also investigated the usefulness of p27 as a therapeutic strategy in vitro and in vivo using p27 expression adenovirus. Finally, we examined the process of EWS-Fli1-mediated reduction of p27 expression. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis showed that a low expression level of p27 protein was related to poor event-free survival in an univariate analysis and that the expression level of p27 correlated more significantly with patient survival than several clinical factors in a multivariate survival analysis. Overexpression of p27 with the adenoviral vector remarkably inhibited the cell growth in all EFT cells tested and further induced apoptosis in the wild-type p53 EFT cells. In vivo studies demonstrated a reduction in tumor growth of EFT xenograft in nude mice treated with the intratumoral injection of p27-expressing adenovirus. EWS-Fli1 did not significantly affect the p27 promoter activity and p27 mRNA levels. However, the challenge of the proteasome inhibitor caused accumulation of p27 protein in EFT cells. These data strongly suggest EWS-Fli1 might attenuate p27 protein level via activation of the proteasome-mediated degradation pathway. Conclusions: Our findings provide the first evidence of the prognostic relevance of p27 expression in EFTs. We propose p27 as a novel and powerful therapeutic factor for the molecular target therapy of EFTs.
A CASE OF TUBERCULOUS LYMPHANGITIS
Authors: JOHN CAHILL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1895)

THE accompanying drawing illustrates a form of skin affection which is seldom seen upon so extensive a scale, and under such circumstances as in the present case.The drawing represents the left foot and leg of A. H., a woman of 52 years of age.The patient is a single woman, and states that, with the exception of the malady now under discussion, she has always enjoyed very good health, has never within her recollection suffered from any previous illness, and has led an active and hard-working life.Of her family she reports that her father and mother were both very healthy people, both lived to beyond eighty years of age, and both died of " old age," as she supposes.Her brothers and sisters are all healthy and active people.The patient is a straightforward and intelligent person, and she gives a very clear and distinct account of the onset and progress of her present disease.She states that about twelve years ago she first became aware of a small, rough and tender spot at the point of the left heel, i.e., at that part of the heel which rests upon the bed when the patient is lying flat upon her back with the legs extended.She describes this part of the skin as having been occupied by a '' corn " of about the size of a sixpence.For a long time this corn did not increase in size, and VOL.VII.B
Preferential Binding of βS Globin Chains Associated with Stroma in Sickle Cell Disorders
Authors: Arthur Bank, Gregory Mears, Robert Weiss, Joyce V. O'Donnell, Clayton Natta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Sickle cell anemia (SS) is associated with abnormalities of the red cell membrane and decreased red cell deformability. The present study assesses globin chain binding to stroma in SS, sickle cell trait (AS), and nonsickling (AA) cells. The results indicate that there is preferential binding of newly synthesized beta(S) globin to red cell stroma in SS cells and preferential binding of beta(S) to stroma compared to beta(A) in AS cells. These studies show that beta(S) globin binding to stroma accompanies the membrane abnormalities in SS and AS patients.
Cyclic AMP Signaling as a Mediator of Vasculogenic Mimicry in Aggressive Human Melanoma Cells <i>In vitro</i>
Authors: Jean-Claude Lissitzky, Danielle Parriaux, Elodie Ristorcelli, Alain Vérine, Dominique Lombardo, Patrick Verrando
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Aggressive melanoma cells can engage in a process termed vasculogenic mimicry (VM) that reflects the ability of tumor cells to express a multipotent, stem cell-like phenotype. Melanoma cell plasticity contributes to the lack of efficient therapeutic strategies targeting metastatic tumors. This study reveals cyclic AMP as a mediator of VM in vitro. In uveal and cutaneous metastatic aggressive human melanoma cells, an increase in cyclic AMP by forskolin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, or G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands such as adrenaline and vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibited VM to different extents. Although chemical modulators of protein kinase A (PKA) had no effect, a specific pharmacologic activator of Exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP (Epac) impaired VM. Ras-associated protein-1 (Rap1) activation assays revealed that cyclic AMP-elevating agents induce a PKA-independent activation of Epac/Rap1. Pharmacologic inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity abolished VM. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was PKA-independently inhibited by forskolin but not inhibited by Epac/Rap1 signaling, PKA modulation, or GPCR ligands. Furthermore, the forskolin also inhibited phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated activation of protein kinase Akt, as monitored by Ser473 phosphorylation. The pharmacologic activation of Epac and GPCR ligands slightly stimulated Akt, a likely concomitant process of VM modulation. Collectively, these data show that forskolin strongly inhibits VM through PKA-independent activation of Epac/Rap1, PKA-, and Epac-independent inactivation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of PI3K/Akt. The data also show that VM inhibition by GPCR ligands involves mainly the Epac/Rap1-activated signal. Thus cyclic AMP inhibits VM through multiple signaling pathways.
Early Loss of Peritubular Capillaries after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Floortje M.E.G. Steegh, Marielle A.C.J. Gelens, Fred H.M. Nieman, Johannes P. van Hooff, Jack P.M. Cleutjens, Robert Jan van Suylen, Mat J.A.P. Daemen, Ernst L.W. van Heurn, Maarten H.L. Christiaans, Carine J. Peutz-Kootstra
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

Inflammation, interstitial fibrosis (IF), and tubular atrophy (TA) precede chronic transplant dysfunction, which is a major cause of renal allograft loss. There is an association between IF/TA and loss of peritubular capillaries (PTCs) in advanced renal disease, but whether PTC loss occurs in an early stage of chronic transplant dysfunction is unknown. Here, we studied PTC number, IF/TA, inflammation, and renal function in 48 patients who underwent protocol biopsies. Compared with before transplantation, there was a statistically significant loss of PTCs by 3 months after transplantation. Fewer PTCs in the 3-month biopsy correlated with high IF/TA and inflammation scores and predicted lower renal function at 1 year. Predictors of PTC loss during the first 3 months after transplantation included donor type, rejection, donor age, and the number of PTCs at the time of implantation. In conclusion, PTC loss occurs during the first 3 months after renal transplantation, associates with increased IF and TA, and predicts reduced renal function.