tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2397: The Presence of ST-Segment Elevation in Lead aVR in Cardiogenic Shock is a Predictor of Mortality
Authors: Carolyn M Taylor, Eve D Aymong, Judith S Hochman, Krishnan Ramanathan
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: The electrocardiogram (ECG) can offer important prognostic information in patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In patients with ST elevation AMI, ST elevation ...
5-year results of accelerated partial breast irradiation using sole interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy versus whole-breast irradiation with boost after breast-conserving surgery for low-risk invasive and in-situ carcinoma of the female breast: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Vratislav Strnad, Oliver J Ott, Guido Hildebrandt, Daniela Kauer-Dorner, Hellen Knauerhase, Tibor Major, Jaroslaw Lyczek, Jose Luis Guinot, Jürgen Dunst, Cristina Gutierrez Miguelez, Pavel Slampa, Michael Allgäuer, Kristina Lössl, Bülent Polat, György Kovács, Arnt-René Fischedick, Thomas G Wendt, Rainer Fietkau, Marion Hindemith, Alexandra Resch, Anna Kulik, Leo Arribas, Peter Niehoff, Fernando Guedea, Annika Schlamann, Richard Pötter, Christine Gall, Martina Malzer, Wolfgang Uter, Csaba Polgár
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Trial of Continuous or Interrupted Chest Compressions during CPR
Authors: Graham Nichol, Brian Leroux, Henry Wang, Clifton W. Callaway, George Sopko, Myron Weisfeldt, Ian Stiell, Laurie J. Morrison, Tom P. Aufderheide, Sheldon Cheskes, Jim Christenson, Peter Kudenchuk, Christian Vaillancourt, Thomas D. Rea, Ahamed H. Idris, Riccardo Colella, Marshal Isaacs, Ron Straight, Shannon Stephens, Joe Richardson, Joe Condle, Robert H. Schmicker, Debra Egan, Susanne May, Joseph P. Ornato
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the interruption of manual chest compressions for rescue breathing reduces blood flow and possibly survival. We assessed whether outcomes after continuous compressions with positive-pressure ventilation differed from those after compressions that were interrupted for ventilations at a ratio of 30 compressions to two ventilations.This cluster-randomized trial with crossover included 114 emergency medical service (EMS) agencies. Adults with non-trauma-related cardiac arrest who were treated by EMS providers received continuous chest compressions (intervention group) or interrupted chest compressions (control group). The primary outcome was the rate of survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included the modified Rankin scale score (on a scale from 0 to 6, with a score of ≤3 indicating favorable neurologic function). CPR process was measured to assess compliance.Of 23,711 patients included in the primary analysis, 12,653 were assigned to the intervention group and 11,058 to the control group. A total of 1129 of 12,613 patients with available data (9.0%) in the intervention group and 1072 of 11,035 with available data (9.7%) in the control group survived until discharge (difference, -0.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.5 to 0.1; P=0.07); 7.0% of the patients in the intervention group and 7.7% of those in the control group survived with favorable neurologic function at discharge (difference, -0.6 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.4 to 0.1, P=0.09). Hospital-free survival was significantly shorter in the intervention group than in the control group (mean difference, -0.2 days; 95% CI, -0.3 to -0.1; P=0.004).In patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, continuous chest compressions during CPR performed by EMS providers did not result in significantly higher rates of survival or favorable neurologic function than did interrupted chest compressions. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ROC CCC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01372748.).
Serum Triiodoth Ronine in Man
Authors: R D Utiger
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1974)

Triiodothyronine (T 3) was first recognized as a secretory product of tht: thyroid gland over 20 years ago (I). Following its isolation and synthesis. it soon became evident that T 3 was the most potent of the calorigenic thyroactive hormones. having some 3-4 times the potency of thyroxine (T.) in terms of its ability to restore to normal the metabolic activity of patients with hypothyroidism (2. 3). In the thyroid gland . T 3 is synthesized by coupling of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine. both already in peptide linkage in thyroglobulin. in the follicular lumen. Coupling of two diiodotyrosine residues results in T. formation. The exact chemical mechanism of these coupling reactions is not known though recent in vitro evidence suggests that they are enhanced by the thyroid peroxidase enzyme system (4). When iodide availability is adequate. thyroglobulin contains considerably more T. than T3, the ratio of T 4 to T 3 being approximately 10-20: 1 (5, 6). Thyroid tissue also contains a thyroxint: deiodinast:, a product of whose action is T 3 (7 , 8). The contribution, if any, of this pathway to thyroidal T3 secretion is unknown. Only recently recognized is the important finding that a substantial portion of the circulating T 3 is produced from T. outside the thyroid gland, that is, from the extrathyroidal monodeiodina­ tion of T 4 (9-12). Understanding of the role ofT3 in the maintenance of the euthyroid state and the production of various states of thyroid hormone excess or insufficiency has greatly increased in recent years. This has occurred primarily as a result of the development of simple and reliable methods for measurement of serum To concentrations. The rapid advances in the methodology ofT 3 assay have led to wide availability of serum T 3 assays, and T 3 measurements have been shown to have important diagnostic value in certain clinical situations. This review will briefly describe some of the methodologic problems of T 3 measurement and the results of studies of serum T 3 conct:ntrations and production in various clinical states.
A little gap junctional uncoupling too much
Authors: J DEGROOT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

See article by Pollard et al. [15] (pages 381–392) in this issue. 

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the setting of acute myocardial ischemia and infarction remains an enormous burden for society, with ∼300,000 deaths each year in the United States alone [1,2]. The chance of surviving an event of ischemia-induced VF is inversely proportional to the time elapsing until defibrillation is applied [3]. Therefore, automatic external defibrillators are now more and more being introduced in public areas. However, the vast majority of cases of sudden death occur at home [4].

Therefore, despite the numerous number of studies published in recent decades, there is still a need for better understanding of the mechanism of ischemia-induced arrhythmias. The information that is available to date concerns predominantly the mechanism of arrhythmogenesis in the first 10 to 15 min of coronary occlusion (for review see Janse and Wit [5]). However, Kaplinsky et al. reported in 1979 that premature ventricular beats, ventricular tachycardias and VF occur in two distinct phases in dogs subjected to coronary occlusion [6]. They named these immediate and delayed arrhythmias, respectively [6]. These phases of arrhythmias, now often referred to as 1A and 1B [7], are present in many species subjected to myocardial ischemia, including pig, rat and sheep although the distribution of arrhythmic event might differ in individual animals [8].

The main interest of the presence of the bimodal distribution of arrhythmias lies in the conjecture that the two early phases have different electrophysiological mechanisms. The first, 1A phase starts ∼2 … 

* Tel.: +31-20-566-3266; fax: +31-20-697-5458 j.r.degroot{at}amc.uva.nl
Serum levels of the soluble form of CD30 molecule as a tumor marker in CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.
Authors: G Nadali, F Vinante, H Stein, G Todeschini, C Tecchio, L Morosato, M Chilosi, F Menestrina, M C Kinney, J P Greer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

To determine serum levels of the soluble form of CD30 molecule (sCD30) in patients with Ki-1/CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), and to evaluate its correlation with clinical features at presentation and its possible role as a tumor marker to monitor response to treatment and subsequent follow-up.sCD30 serum levels were measured with an improved commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit in 24 patients with CD30+ ALCL at diagnosis and in 13 after treatment.Increased values (> 20 U/mL) at diagnosis were observed in 23 of 24 cases (median, 842.5 U/mL; range, 16 to 37,250) as compared with controls (P < .0001). These values were greater than those of 60 stage-matched cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) (P < .0001). The highest median value was observed in patients with T-cell-type ALCL (1,690 U/mL), with a significant overall difference as compared with B- and null-cell types (P = .004). Phenotype maintained its significance when results were corrected for other parameters, such as age, sex, and stage (P = .03). sCD30 values returned to the normal range in complete remission (CR), but remained increased in one patient who only partially responded to treatment. Subsequent increases of sCD30 levels were recorded in four of four patients after relapse.sCD30 appears to be a new biologic serum tumor marker of possible use in the clinical setting of CD30+ ALCL.
Putative Peptide Neurotransmitters
Authors: M Otsuka, T Takahashi
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1977)

The purpose of this review is to examine the present status of peptides as putative neurotransmitters. Special emphasis is placed on the evaluation of evidence for or against the transmitter role of peptides, particularly in mammalian CNS, according to the well-established criteria for transmitter identification (I, 2). The field of peptide transmitters is a new and rapidly developing one, and therefore, we can derive from the available results only tentative views as to whether or not certain peptides are likely to be transmitters. Although a number of peptides are known to influence various neural activities such as behavior and sleep (3-5), this review deals only with the peptides of known structures for which there is certain or definite neurochemical as well as electrophysiological evidence implicating their transmitter functions. The notion that certain nerve cells secrete pep tides from their axon terminals has been well known in the field of endocrinology since the early 1 950s (6). Bargmann et al (7) proposed the term peptidergic neuron for hypothalamic neurosecretory cells, and suggested that these neurons not only release peptide hormones into the blood stream but also form peptidergic synapses on endocrine epithelial cells. Re­ cent discovery of the powerful effects of physalaemin (8) and vasopressin on central neuronal activities (9) in 1971 sparked interest in the possibility that certain peptides may serve as neurotransmitters in mammalian CNS (10). This was timely because the recent progress in peptide chemistry was ready to promote the subsequent development of the field of peptide neuropharmacology. A considerable amount of data has accumulated that suggests the transmitter role of certain peptides. Particu­ larly good evidence has been obtained for two peptides, substance P and proctolin, which are described below in detail.
Psychotic illness in ethnic groups
Authors: J.-P. Selten
Journal: BMJ (1995)

absolute difference between the rates is almost similar in both cases.Our main comment, however, relates to Frisoni and colleagues' concluding comments.Although we agree that prospective studies are needed, we do not agree that the epidemiological relevance of e4 in determining Alzheimer's disease may be lower than suggested by others.This is certainly plausible.Although we have no extensive clinical data on Alzheimer's disease available in our cohort, the proportion of men with the disease in our population based sample of elderly men was probably very low.Since despite this low propor- tion e4 predicts cognitive decline, the role of e4 in dementia and disorders related to dementia in general might instead be larger than expected.
Cognitive Biases in Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Jeffrey M. Cohen, Susan Burgin
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
M. tuberculosis T Cell Epitope Analysis Reveals Paucity of Antigenic Variation and Identifies Rare Variable TB Antigens
Authors: Mireia Coscolla, Richard Copin, Jayne Sutherland, Florian Gehre, Bouke de Jong, Olumuiya Owolabi, Georgetta Mbayo, Federica Giardina, Joel D. Ernst, Sebastien Gagneux
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2015)
Acute effects of salmon calcitonin in multiple myeloma: a valuable method for serial evaluation of osteoclastic lesions and disease activity--a prospective study of 125 patients.
Authors: R Bataille, C Legendre, J Sany
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Hypocalcemia induced by salmon calcitonin (SCT) was evaluated in 125 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and compared with 20 normal individuals (NCs) and 20 individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). It is now well documented that the maximum hypocalcemia (M delta CA) induced in man by SCT is related to the prevailing rate of osteoclastic resorption. In patients with MGUS, the level of M delta CA was normal. Conversely, the M delta CA was significantly abnormal in patients with MM (P less than .0001 for differences between NC/MGUS patients) and was correlated with (1) initial calcium levels (P less than .001), (2) the extent of lytic bone lesions (LBLs) (P less than .01), and (3) the myeloma cell mass (P less than .001) plus disease activity. The M delta CA was found to be of predictive value for new LBLs with or without hypercalcemia and to have dramatic influence on the survival of patients with MM. We conclude that the SCT-induced hypocalcemia test is of significant importance in the evaluation of the instantaneous rate of bone resorption and in the prognosis of patients with MM.
Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elizabeth Hughes, Shaan Bassi, Simon Gilbody, Martin Bland, Fabiola Martin
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2015)

Although people with serious mental illnesses have a high risk of contracting blood-borne viral infections, sexual health has largely been neglected by researchers and policy makers involved in mental health. Failure to address this shortcoming could increase morbidity and mortality as a result of undetected and untreated infection. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of blood-borne viral infection in people with serious mental illness.We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and DARE for studies of the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in people with serious mental illness, published between Jan 1, 1980, and Jan 1, 2015. We group prevalence data by region and by virus and estimated pooled prevalence. We did a sensitivity analysis of the effect of study quality on prevalence.After removal of duplicates, we found 373 abstracts, 91 of which met our eligibility criteria. The prevalences of blood-borne viral infections in people with serious mental illness were higher than in the general population in places with low prevalence of blood-borne viruses, such as the USA and Europe, and on par with the general population in regions with high prevalence of blood-borne viruses (Africa for HIV and southeast Asia for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus). Pooled prevalence of HIV in people with serious mental illness in the USA was 6·0% (95% CI 4·3-8·3). Sensitivity analysis showed that quality scores did not significantly affect prevalence.People with serious mental illness are at risk of blood-borne viral infections. However, because of methodological limitations of the studies the prevalence might be overestimated. Serious mental illness is unlikely to be a sole risk factor and risk of blood-borne viral infection is probably multifactorial and associated with low socioeconomic status, drug and alcohol misuse, ethnic origin, and sex. Health providers should routinely discuss sexual health and risks for blood-borne viruses (including risks related to drug misuse) with people who have serious mental illness, as well as offering testing and treatment for those at risk.Wellcome Trust.
First-Line Chemotherapy With Local Treatment Can Prevent External-Beam Irradiation and Enucleation in Low-Stage Intraocular Retinoblastoma
Authors: M. Nenadov Beck, A. Balmer, C. Dessing, A. Pica, F. Munier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy (CT) in preventing external-beam radiotherapy (EBR) and/or enucleation in patients with retinoblastoma (Rbl). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with newly diagnosed unilateral or bilateral Rbl received CT associated with local treatment (LT). Two to five courses of etoposide and carboplatin were administered at 3- to 4-week intervals, depending on tumor response, and were completed each time by LT. RESULTS: Tumor response was observed in all eyes. Twenty-one of 24 patients showed a complete response (CR) that persisted at a median follow-up (FU) of 31 months (range, 4 to 41 months). Among the three patients who relapsed, two were lost to FU and one died of progressive disease. CR was achieved by CT and LT alone in 15 (71.4%) of 21 patients with less advanced disease (groups I to III). Six other patients with advanced disease (groups IV and V) experienced treatment failure and needed salvage treatment by EBR and/or enucleation. The difference between the two patient groups with regard to disease stage was statistically significant (P &lt; .0001). EBR could be avoided in 13 (68.4%) of 19 patients, who presented with groups I to III (15 eyes) and group V (one eye) disease, whereas enucleation could be avoided in only two (40%) of five. CONCLUSION: CT combined with intensive LT is effective in patients with groups I to III Rbl, permitting the avoidance of EBR in the majority of these young children and, thus, reducing the risk of long-term sequelae. This is in contrast with the disappointing results for patients with groups IV and V Rbl, in whom EBR and/or enucleation was needed.
Therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy using a subcutaneous implanted pump.
Authors: K V Shepard, B Levin, R C Karl, J Faintuch, R A DuBrow, M Hagle, R M Cooper, J Beschorner, D Stablein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Sixty-two patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma involving the liver were treated by hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy using an implantable infusion pump. The 53 patients with metastases confined to the liver had a median survival (MS) of 17 months and an objective response rate of 32%. Four patients (8%) demonstrated a complete response (CR), with normal abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan results and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, and 13 patients (25%) demonstrated a partial response (PR), with at least a 50% decrease in the liver lesions by CT scan and at least a 50% decrease in CEA levels. Thirty patients (57%) had stable disease (S), and six patients (11%) had no response (NR). Nine patients with extrahepatic tumor plus hepatic metastases had an MS of only 4.9 months. None of these patients had an objective response, and only four patients had S. Quality of response was clearly associated with longevity. Forty patients treated with floxuridine (FUDR) and mitomycin (M) (F + M) showed a 20% objective response rate, while the 13 patients treated with FUDR and dichloromethotrexate (DCMTX) (F + D) attained a 69% objective response rate. Although F + D treatment appears to be superior, there may have been selection biases that make such an observation only preliminary. Twenty-six (49%) of the 53 patients developed hepatitis during infusion chemotherapy, which resolved after temporary cessation of the chemotherapy. Of the 17 patients with CR or PR, 12 patients (71%) had hepatitis, whereas only 14 (39%) of the 36 patients with S or NR had hepatitis. Eleven patients had evidence of peptic ulceration by endoscopic examination during the infusion chemotherapy. All the ulcers healed after chemotherapy was discontinued.
Not all that moves is tardive dyskinesia
Authors: V Khot, R J Wyatt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

Because tardive dyskinesia and spontaneous dyskinesia appear the same, it is difficult to determine whether an individual patient's abnormal movements are induced by medication or have developed spontaneously. Therefore, estimates of the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia that are based on observations not adjusted for spontaneous dyskinesia are inflated. In addition, age is thought to be an important risk factor in the development of both tardive and spontaneous dyskinesias. The authors estimate the prevalence of both disorders for specific age groups.The authors reviewed nine reports on dyskinesia prevalence that included history of neuroleptic treatment and related prevalence to age. A rating of 2 or more on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale or an equivalent score on another scale was considered an indication of dyskinesia. If the subject had taken neuroleptics for more than 3 months, the movement disorder was classified as neuroleptic-associated dyskinesia; other dyskinesias were considered spontaneous. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was defined as the rate of neuroleptic-associated dyskinesia minus the rate of spontaneous dyskinesia.The true rate of tardive dyskinesia was below 20% for all age groups except 70-79 years. The correlation between the rate of neuroleptic-associated dyskinesia and the rate of spontaneous dyskinesia was low.After age 40 the prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia is sufficiently high to conclude that many patients with diagnoses of tardive dyskinesia have abnormal movements attributable to causes other than neuroleptics.