tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of positive and negative words in scientific PubMed abstracts between 1974 and 2014: retrospective analysis
Authors: Christiaan H Vinkers, Joeri K Tijdink, Willem M Otte
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b>&nbsp;To investigate whether language used in science abstracts can skew towards the use of strikingly positive and negative words over time. <b>Design</b>&nbsp;Retrospective analysis of all scientific abstracts in PubMed between 1974 and 2014. <b>Methods</b>&nbsp;The yearly frequencies of positive, negative, and neutral words (25 preselected words in each category), plus 100 randomly selected words were normalised for the total number of abstracts. Subanalyses included pattern quantification of individual words, specificity for selected high impact journals, and comparison between author affiliations within or outside countries with English as the official majority language. Frequency patterns were compared with 4% of all books ever printed and digitised by use of Google Books Ngram Viewer. <b>Main outcome measures</b>&nbsp;Frequencies of positive and negative words in abstracts compared with frequencies of words with a neutral and random connotation, expressed as relative change since 1980. <b>Results</b>&nbsp;The absolute frequency of positive words increased from 2.0% (1974-80) to 17.5% (2014), a relative increase of 880% over four decades. All 25 individual positive words contributed to the increase, particularly the words “robust,” “novel,” “innovative,” and “unprecedented,” which increased in relative frequency up to 15 000%. Comparable but less pronounced results were obtained when restricting the analysis to selected journals with high impact factors. Authors affiliated to an institute in a non-English speaking country used significantly more positive words. Negative word frequencies increased from 1.3% (1974-80) to 3.2% (2014), a relative increase of 257%. Over the same time period, no apparent increase was found in neutral or random word use, or in the frequency of positive word use in published books. <b>Conclusions</b>&nbsp;Our lexicographic analysis indicates that scientific abstracts are currently written with more positive and negative words, and provides an insight into the evolution of scientific writing. Apparently scientists look on the bright side of research results. But whether this perception fits reality should be questioned.
Abstract 17285: Frequent Consumption of Meals Prepared at Home and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among American Men and Women
Authors: Geng Zong, David M Eisenberg, Frank B Hu, Qi Sun
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The frequency of eating meals prepared at home (MPAH) decreased among Americans over the last 50 years. Eating out has been associated with poor diet quality and weight gain in adolescents and adult. Few studies have examined MPAH frequency in relation to diabetes risk. Hypothesis: Having MPAH is associated with lower risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Methods: We followed 57,994 women in the Nurses’ Health Study and 41,679 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 to 2012. Participants were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. Weekly frequencies of consuming MPAH were collected at baseline, and summed up as overall MPAH. Results: Participants with more MPAH had higher intake of whole grains, total and low-fat dairy products, fruits, and vegetables, and lower sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) at baseline. However, MPAH turned to be associated with more red meat and low coffee intakes. MPAH was moderately associated with less weight gain during follow-up. Compared to those with 0-6 overall MPAH/week, women with 11-14 MPAH/week had 0.45±0.08kg less weight gain over 8 years, whereas men had 0.41±0.07 kg less weight gain (P&lt;0.001) for the same comparison. During 2.3 million person-years of follow-up, 8959 T2D cases were identified and confirmed in both cohorts. After multivariate adjustment of demographic and lifestyle factors, pooled hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of T2D were 0.96 (0.90, 1.01), 0.96 (0.87, 1.06), 0.88 (0.83, 0.94) for participants who had 7-8, 9-10, and 11-14 MPAH/week (P for trend&lt;0.001), comparing with those eating 0-6 MPAH/week. Each additional MPAH for lunch was associated with 2% lower risk of T2D, whereas the corresponding value was 4% for dinner (P&lt;0.001 for both). These findings were attenuated when BMI or SSB were further adjusted: the hazard ratio comparing participants with 11-14 MPAH/week to those with 0-6 MPAH/week were 0.95 (0.90, 1.01; P for trend=0.13) with adjusting of BMI, and 0.94 (0.89, 1.00; P for trend=0.09) with adjustment of SSB. Conclusions: These findings suggest that eating more MPAH is associated with a lower risk of T2D overtime, and this relationship may be partly ascribed to less weight gain and lower SSB intake by those who prepare their own meals at home more often.
Sensitivity of handheld reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: A series of 344 histologically proven lesions
Authors: Elisa Cinotti, Cécile Jaffelin, Victoria Charriere, Pierre Bajard, Bruno Labeille, Alexander Witkowski, Frédéric Cambazard, Jean-Luc Perrot
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Influence Of Race and Ethnicity On The Collection Of G-CSF Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells From Unrelated Donors, a Center For International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Analysis
Authors: Jack W. Hsu, John R. Wingard, Brent R. Logan, Pintip Chitphakdithai, Bronwen E. Shaw, Steven C. Goldstein, Paul V. O’Donnell, Dennis L. Confer
Journal: Blood (2013)
A Phase II study of the efficacy and safety of rontalizumab (rhuMAb interferon-α) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (ROSE)
Authors: Kenneth C Kalunian, Joan T Merrill, Romeo Maciuca, Jacqueline M McBride, Michael J Townsend, Xiaohui Wei, John C Davis, William P Kennedy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To examine the safety and efficacy of rontalizumab, a humanised IgG1 anti-interferon α (anti-IFN-α) monoclonal antibody, in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with active SLE were randomised (2:1) to 750 mg intravenous rontalizumab every 4 weeks or placebo (Part 1), and 300 mg subcutaneous rontalizumab every 2 weeks or placebo (Part 2). <h3>Background</h3> Hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids were allowed. Patients taking immunosuppressants at baseline were required per protocol to discontinue. Efficacy end points included reduction in disease activity by British Isles Lupus Disease Activity Group (BILAG)-2004 (primary), and SLE response index (SRI, secondary) at Week 24. Efficacy was also examined by an exploratory measure of IFN-regulated gene expression (interferon signature metric, ISM). <h3>Results</h3> Patients (n=238) received rontalizumab (n=159) or placebo (n=79). At baseline, the mean Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment version of the SLE Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) score in all cohorts was ∼10, and 75.6% of patients had a high ISM (ISM-High). Efficacy response rates by BILAG and SRI were similar between rontalizumab and placebo groups. However, in the exploratory subgroup of ISM-Low patients, SRI response was higher and steroid use was lower in the rontalizumab-treated patients. There was also a reduction in SELENA-SLEDAI flare index rates (HR 0.61, 0.46 to 0.81, p=0.004) in this subgroup. Adverse events were similar between placebo and rontalizumab groups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The primary and secondary end points of this trial were not met in all patients or in patients with high ISM scores. In an exploratory analysis, rontalizumab treatment was associated with improvements in disease activity, reduced flares and decreased steroid use in patients with SLE with low ISM scores. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT00962832.
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using Ultrasound Contrast Agents
Authors: Flordeliza S. Villanueva
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)

Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) have been in the echocardiographic “toolbox” for many years. Two such agents (Definity [Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, Massachusetts] and Optison [GE Healthcare, Princeton, New Jersey]) are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and
Cardiorespiratory fitness, pulmonary function and activity level in lung cancer patients undergoing VATS vs thoracotomy
Authors: Silje Rustad, Henrik Aamodt, Fredrik Borchsenius, Ole Henning Skjønsberg, Elisabeth Edvardsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is gaining popularity as a technique for performing lobectomy in lung cancer patients, showing lesser pain, shorter hospital stay and lower blood loss compared to patients undergoing traditional thoracotomy.   Aim:  To compare the change between pre- and post-operative pulmonary function, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2max ) and physical activity level in lung cancer patients undergoing VATS and thoracotomy.   Methods  :  37 patients (male =13), age 35 - 80 with non-small lung cancer underwent either VATS (n=10) or thoracotomy. Measurement of pulmonary function and VO 2max  was performed before and four to six weeks after surgery. In addition, physical activity was measured six weeks after surgery with ActiGraph accelerometer for seven consecutive days.   Results:  There were no differences between the groups before surgery regarding gender, pulmonary function and VO 2max . The average number of segments removed by VATS was 4.4 and thoracotomy 3.8. VATS patients had a significant lower reduction in FVC (9 %, P=0.05), MVV (16 %, P 2max  (17 %, P 1  (P=0.06) and DLco (P=0.75). The variation in activity level was large, ranging from 1027 to 13964 steps per day, but there was no difference between the groups (P=0.65).   Conclusion  :  Patients undergoing VATS appear to preserve the vital capacity, ventilatory capacity and VO 2max  better than patients undergoing thoracotomy. The number of patients is, however, too small to draw firm conclusions, and should therefore be interpreted with caution.
T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission
Authors: JW Young, EB Papadopoulos, I Cunningham, H Castro-Malaspina, N Flomenberg, MH Carabasi, SC Gulati, JA Brochstein, G Heller, P Black
Journal: Blood (1992)
ISIS-3 - A RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF STREPTOKINASE VS TISSUE PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR VS ANISTREPLASE AND OF ASPIRIN PLUS HEPARIN VS ASPIRIN ALONE AMONG 41,299 CASES OF SUSPECTED ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
Authors: D Hunt, J Varigos, F Dienstl, P Lechleitner, G Debacker, M Kornitzer, J Cairns, A Turpie, P Fritzhansen, K Skagen, R Kala, J Heikkila, J Boissel, A Leizorovicz, R Schroder, K Kothe, N Karatzas, J Horgan, D Ocallaghan, G Tognoni, M Franzosi, A Maggioni, A Cohen, R Koster, H White, S Macmahon, J Kjekshus, A Reikvam, L Ceremuzynski, E Paolasso, R Diaz, V Valentin, L Wilhelmsen, L Lundkvist, T Moccetti, R Malacrida, M Genoni, R Collins, P Sleight, R Peto, S Parish, R Doll, P Armitage, S Cederholmwilliams, M Conway, P Dove, M Flather, J Marshall, L Youngman, D Julian, D Chamberlain, C Warlow, P Sandercock, K Fox, C Hennekens, S Goldhaber, G Timmis, S Yusuf, P Meier
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Abstract #2330: Activation of stress-mediated signaling in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells
Authors: Raj Kumar, Srinivas Koduru, Sowmyalakshmi Srinivasan, Chendil Damodaran
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

One of the causal genetic events of more advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) development is an enhanced expression of growth factor receptors and associated ligands. These genetic modifications lead to an epigenetic mechanism where a feedback autocrine loop between membrane receptor and ligand (such as EGFR and TGF\#945;) results in constitutive activation of MAPK-kinase-mediated mitogenic signaling in AIPC. We rationalized that inhibiting these epigenetic events could be useful in controlling advanced AIPC growth. Recently, we reported, psoralidin, a natural compound which inhibits AIPC growth in cell culture and xenograft models (Kumar  et al ., Cancer Prevention Research 2009) and in this study, we determine whether inhibition of stress mediated signaling by psoralidin is the reason for the inhibition of tumor growth in animal models. Our results suggest that EGF-induced EGFR activates ERK1/2, MAPK mediated signaling, which resulted in cell proliferation and survival in AIPC cells. However, treatment of psoralidin inhibited EGF-mediated signaling pathway (phosphorylated EGFR, shc, Raf and MEKs) in AIPC cells. Interestingly, psoralidin down regulated Elk1 activation without altering the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2, in AIPC cells. On the other hand, activation of JNK-signaling resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in AIPC cells. Oral administration of psoralidin (50mg/kg) in prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice from 9 to 28 weeks of age resulted in a significant reduction (75%, P    Citation Information:  In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2330.
Preoperative assessment of cancer in the elderly (PACE): Interim analysis
Authors: R. A. Audisio, H. Ramesh, D. P. Pope, R. Gennari, G. Corsini, M. Maffezzini, H. J. Hoekstra, D. Mobarak, K. Sunouchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

8028 Background: Surgery is the treatment of choice for solid tumours independent of age. Oncogeriatric subsetting is rapidly expanding. Current practice of offering suboptimal treatment for cancer in oncogeriatric population due to fear of increased postoperative mortality/morbidity has no sound evidence. There is an urgent need for a reliable instrument capable of assessing individualised operative risk. Methods: PACE incorporates Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), Physiological & Operative Severity Score for enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM), Portsmouth modification (P-POSSUM), and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA). Patients ≥70 undergoing moderate, major and major+ elective cancer surgery, with minimum Mini Mental Score (MMS) ≥18, and able to consent. Elderly cancer patients are assessed by brief interview (20min) incorporating MMS, Satarino’s Modified Index of co-morbidities, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) and Performance Status (PS) to assess physical/psychological wellbeing. POSSUM, P-POSSUM and ASA assess operative/anaesthetic risk. Correlation is done with pathological data and 30days morbidity/mortality. Statistical analysis utilises multiple logistic regression. Results: Five recruiting hospitals (UK, Netherlands, Italy and Japan) enrolled 215 patients (median age 76 years; 70–100) treated for breast (66%), gastro-intestinal (17%), uro-genital (13%), H&N (4%) and 1 ovarian. 29.7% patients developed postoperative complications. No statistical difference was noted between complication and no complication group with regard to MMS, BFI, GDS. ASA did not predict surgical complications. However, number of co-morbidities, PS, ADL and IADL were significantly associated with 30-day morbidity. Conclusions: Three measurers of physiological reserve have been identified: PS, ADL, and IADL are useful in predicting postoperative outcomes, allowing preoperative patients selection. Further participation from other centres is welcome. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase 1b Trial of Biweekly Intravenous Pexa-Vec (JX-594), an Oncolytic and Immunotherapeutic Vaccinia Virus in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Se Hoon Park, Caroline J Breitbach, Jeeyun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang, Anne Moon, Jae-Hee Mun, Erica M Sommermann, Liliana Maruri Avidal, Rick Patt, Adina Pelusio, James Burke, Tae-Ho Hwang, David Kirn, Young Suk Park
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Fifteen patients with treatment-refractory colorectal cancer were enrolled on a phase 1b study of Pexa-Vec (pexastimogene devacirepvec; JX-594), an oncolytic and immunotherapeutic vaccinia designed to selectively replicate in cancer cells. Pexa-Vec was administered intravenously every 14 days, at dose levels of 1 × 10(6), 1 × 10(7), or 3 × 10(7) plaque-forming units (pfu)/kg. The primary endpoint was to determine the maximum tolerated dose. Secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics as well as antitumor activity. Patients were heavily pretreated (mean 4.5 lines of therapy). All patients received at least two Pexa-Vec doses (median = 4; range = 2-4). No dose-limiting toxicities were reported, and the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The most common adverse events were grade 1/2 flu-like symptoms, generally lasting <24 hours. During the first and last cycles, genome pharmacokinetics were unchanged. Infectious pfu could be detected in plasma up to 2 hours after cycle 1 and up to 30 minutes after cycle 4 (when antivaccinia antibody titers are known to have peaked). Ten patients (67%) had radiographically stable disease. Given the acceptable safety profile of multiple intravenous Pexa-Vec infusions in patients with treatment-refractory colorectal cancer, further trials evaluating efficacy of intravenous Pexa-Vec, as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, is warranted in this patient population.
LO3 : Safety and efficacy of the combination daclatasvir-sofosbuvir in HCV genotype 1-mono-infected patients from the french observational cohort ANRS CO22 hepather*
Authors: S. Pol, M. Bourliere, S. Lucier, V. De Ledinghen, F. Zoulim, C. Dorival-Mouly, S. Métivier, D. Larrey, A. Tran, C. Hezode, J.-P. Bronowicki, D. Samuel, P. Marcellin, J.-P. Zarski, A. Minello, L. Alric, J.-C. Trinchet, P. Nahon, D. Guyader, O. Chazouillères, G. Riachi, V. Loustaud-Ratti, X. Causse, P. Mathurin, I. Hubert-Fouchard, I. Rosa, Y. Benhamou, J. Gournay, J.-J. Raabe, F. Raffi, V. Petrov-Sanchez, A. Diallo, H. Fontaine, F. Carrat
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Theranostical nanosystem‐mediated identification of an oncogene and highly effective therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yu Guo, Jing Wang, Lu Zhang, Shunli Shen, Ruomi Guo, Yang Yang, Wenjie Chen, Yiru Wang, Guihua Chen, Xintao Shuai
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Because the primary surgical treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)—including hepatic resection and liver transplantation—often fail due to recurrence and metastasis, identifying early prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC is of great importance. This study shows that transducin β‐like protein 1–related protein (TBLR1) is a key HCC oncogene that plays important roles in HCC proliferation, antiapoptosis, and angiogenesis by regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. The folate‐targeted theranostic small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanomedicine Fa‐PEG ‐g‐ PEI‐SPION/ p siRNA‐TBLR1 effectively silences the TBLR1 gene in different human HCC cell lines in vitro and in human HCC samples in vivo , resulting in the simultaneous suppression of HCC cell proliferation, antiapoptosis, and angiogenesis. Because of its multi‐anticancer functions against HCC, intravenous injection of the folate‐targeted siRNA nanomedicine into nude mice bearing intrahepatic or subcutaneous xenografts of human HCC has a significant therapeutic effect. Tumor growth in those animals was almost completely inhibited by treatment with Fa‐PEG ‐g‐ PEI‐SPION/ p siRNA‐TBLR1. Moreover, the SPION‐encapsulated polyplexes possess high magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection sensitivity, which makes tumor‐targeted siRNA delivery easily trackable using the clinical MRI technique. Conclusion : The theranostic siRNA nanomedicine examined here possesses great theranostic potential for combined gene therapy and MRI diagnosis of HCC. (H epatology 2016;63:1240–1255)
Low Risk of Pulmonary Valve Implantation After a Policy of Transatrial Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot Delayed Beyond the Neonatal Period
Authors: Yves d'Udekem, John C. Galati, Glenda J. Rolley, Igor E. Konstantinov, Robert G. Weintraub, Leeanne Grigg, James M. Ramsay, Gavin R. Wheaton, Sarah Hope, Michael H. Cheung, Christian P. Brizard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Lung cancer—a fractal viewpoint
Authors: Frances E. Lennon, Gianguido C. Cianci, Nicole A. Cipriani, Thomas A. Hensing, Hannah J. Zhang, Chin-Tu Chen, Septimiu D. Murgu, Everett E. Vokes, Michael W. Vannier, Ravi Salgia
Journal: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (2015)
HFpEF, Diastolic Suction, and Exercise⁎⁎Editorials published in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Thierry C. Gillebert, Marc L. De Buyzere
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Transient ST-Segment Depression During Paroxysms of Atrial Fibrillation in Otherwise Normal Individuals
Authors: Aristides Androulakis, Konstantinos A. Aznaouridis, Constantina J. Aggeli, Georgios N. Roussakis, Andreas P. Michaelides, Athanasios N. Kartalis, Pavlos N. Stougiannos, Polychronis E. Dilaveris, Platon I. Misovoulos, Christodoulos I. Stefanadis, Ioannis E. Kallikazaros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Weight Change–Adjusted Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on Glucose Metabolism: 2- and 10-Year Results From the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Study
Authors: Kajsa Sjöholm, Elisabeth Sjöström, Lena M.S. Carlsson, Markku Peltonen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

It has been suggested that weight change-independent effects on fasting insulin and glucose levels are present after gastric bypass (GBP) but not after banding and vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG). We therefore evaluated weight change-adjusted effects of GBP, compared with restrictive surgical procedures, on long-term changes in fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study.Participants who completed the 2-year (n = 1,762) and/or the 10-year (n = 1,216) follow-up were divided into three weight change classes (weight loss >30%, 20-30%, or ≤20%), and by surgical method (banding, VBG, or GBP). Glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR changes were analyzed in relation to weight change over 2 and 10 years. Analyses were performed in the full cohort and also in subgroups based on baseline glucose status.Within weight change classes, reductions in glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR were similar in the three surgery groups both at 2 and at 10 years. Reductions in glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR increased with increasing weight loss, and changes were typically related to weight change within each surgery group. Moreover, the association between weight change and change in glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR did not differ between the surgery groups at 2 and 10 years. When patients were subdivided also by baseline glucose status, similar relationships between weight changes and changes in glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR were observed.Even though weight loss-independent effects are important for short-term diabetes remission, our results suggest that degree of weight loss is more important for long-term reductions in fasting insulin and glucose than choice of bariatric surgery procedure.
Optimization of glycemic control and restenosis prevention in diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Ran Kornowski, Shmuel Fuchs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)