tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Folate Receptor-Targeting Gold Nanoclusters as Fluorescence Enzyme Mimetic Nanoprobes for Tumor Molecular Colocalization Diagnosis
Authors: Dehong Hu, Zonghai Sheng, Shengtao Fang, Yanan Wang, Duyang Gao, Pengfei Zhang, Ping Gong, Yifan Ma, Lintao Cai
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

Nanoprobes with enzyme-like properties attracted a growing interest in early screening and diagnosis of cancer.To achieve high accuracy and specificity of tumor detection, the design and preparation of enzyme mimetic nanoprobes with high enzyme activity, tumor targeting and excellent luminescence property is highly desirable.Herein, we described a novel kind of fluorescence enzyme mimetic nanoprobe based on folate receptor-targeting Au nanoclusters.The nanoprobes exhibited excellent stability, low cytotoxicity, high fluorescence and enzyme activity.We demonstrated that the nanoprobes could be used for tumor tissues fluorescence/visualizing detection.For the same tumor tissue slice, the nanoprobes peroxidase staining and fluorescent staining were obtained simultaneously, and the results were mutually complementary.Therefore, the fluorescence enzyme mimetic nanoprobes could provide a molecular colocalization diagnosis strategy, efficiently avoid false-positive and false-negative results, and further improve the accuracy and specificity of cancer diagnoses.By examining different clinical samples, we demonstrated that the nanoprobes could distinguish efficiently cancerous cells from normal cells, and exhibit a clinical potential for cancer diagnosis.
Effects of inhaled lignocaine and adrenaline on capsaicin-induced cough in humans.
Authors: L Hansson, B Midgren, J A Karlsson
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--There is evidence to suggest, particularly from studies in animals, that the products of pulmonary endocrine cells, especially gastrin releasing peptide, may have a role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in the lung. This study was carried out to examine the morphology, number, distribution, and content of pulmonary endocrine cells in tissue from 49 patients with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS--Twenty patients with interstitial pneumonitis, 17 with early fibrosis, and 12 with frank honeycombing were studied, together with five age matched controls without pulmonary disease. Endocrine cells were immunolabeled by the avidin-biotin complex method for two general markers (protein gene product 9.5 and neuron specific enolase) and a range of normal and aberrant secretory products. RESULTS--In the early stages, characterised by vigorous pneumonitis, endocrine cells were normal in appearance and distribution but very few in number. They contained only those secretory products normally found in such cells in health; inappropriate substances were not seen. By the time of early fibrosis endocrine cells were even fewer. None were identifiable in the lungs affected by honeycombing, despite the fact that all contained intact, well preserved epithelium. CONCLUSIONS--It seems unlikely that the products of pulmonary endocrine cells can have any role in the pathogenesis of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis in man, the diminution in their number with advancing fibrosis probably reflecting their loss simply as a consequence of generalised epithelial damage.
Abstract IA03: DICER1: From ontogenesis to oncogenesis
Authors: William D. Foulkes, Mona Wu, Leanne De Kock, Leora Witkowski, Nelly Sabbaghian, Evan Weber, Nancy Hamel, John R. Priest
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The DICER1 syndrome, also known as the pleuropulmonary blastoma familial tumor dysplasia syndrome (PPB-FTDS) (OMIM #601200), is a recently described entity comprising a number of rare to ultra-rare tumors arising mainly in childhood or adolescence. The most frequent and characteristic disorders are pleuropulmonary blastoma, cystic nephroma and ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. Some aspects of the syndrome were identified in the 1970s and 1990s, but discovery in 2009 by Hill et al of heterozygous disease-associated germ-line DICER1 mutations in affected kindred brought the syndrome into focus. Several studies since 2009 have extended the phenotypes to include more common conditions such as multinodular goiter and Wilms tumor, as well as much rarer entities such as cervical embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pineoblastoma and pituitary blastoma. The critical molecular defect appears to be impairment of DICER1's RNase III endonuclease function, which normally would cleave precursor microRNAs to their final mature length. These microRNAs function by targeted silencing and/or degradation of specific messenger RNAs. DICER1 may be considered an unusual type of tumor suppressor gene, in that the first inherited “hit” usually cripples one allele completely, whereas a second somatic “hit” is nearly always limited to the RNase III domains (and is in fact often even more focused on the metal-binding domains of RNase IIIb). These second hits are most commonly a single base substitution leading to an amino acid change, which functionally impairs the protein without overall protein loss. In this presentation I will summarize the current knowledge on the role of DICER1 mutations in cancer and will describe the edges of the known associated phenotypes. Citation Format: William D. Foulkes, Mona Wu, Leanne De Kock, Leora Witkowski, Nelly Sabbaghian, Evan Weber, Nancy Hamel, John R. Priest. DICER1: From ontogenesis to oncogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Susceptibility and Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes; Jan 29-Feb 1, 2014; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(23 Suppl):Abstract nr IA03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CANSUSC14-IA03
The Changing Rate of Major Depression
Authors: Myrna M. Weissman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To estimate temporal trends in the rates of major depression cross-nationally.Nine epidemiologic surveys and three family studies.Approximately 39,000 subjects in population-based samples from nine epidemiologic surveys, and 4000 relatives from three family studies that were conducted independently but using similar methodology in the 1980s in North America, Puerto Rico, Western Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and the Pacific Rim.Age at first onset of major depression by birth cohort and time period.There was an increase in the cumulative lifetime rates of major depression with each successively younger birth cohort at all sites with the exception of the Hispanic samples, in whom the rates in the older cohort (1915 through 1935) were approximately equal to those of the younger cohorts. However, results of fitting statistical models that separate period and cohort effects showed an overall increase in the rates of major depression over time over all countries, although the magnitude of the increase varied by country. The average relative risk of major depression between a particular cohort and the cohort born immediately before varied between 2.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 3.7) in Florence, Italy, and 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 1.4) in Christchurch, New Zealand. Short-term fluctuations in the rates of major depression during specific time periods and in specific cohorts also varied by country.Cross-nationally, the more recent birth cohorts are at increased risk for major depression. There are, however, variations in the long- and short-term trends for major depression by country, which suggests that the rates in these countries may have been affected by differing historical, social, economic, or biological environmental events. The linking of demographic, epidemiologic, economic, and social indices by country to these changes may clarify environmental conditions that influence the rates of major depression.
The Ovarian Androgen Producing Cells: A Review of Structure/Function Relationships<sup>1</sup>,<sup>2</sup>
Authors: GREGORY F. ERICKSON, DENNIS A. MAGOFFIN, CHERYL A. DYER, CHRIS HOFEDITZ
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1985)

UNDERSTANDING the nature of the primary events leading to ovarian androgen production is one of the major goals of reproductive research. The physiological importance of this research is emphasized by the fact that ovarian androgens are obligatory precursors for estrogen biosynthesis (1, 2) and they induce follicle atresia (3, 4). Obviously, any disturbance in ovarian androgen metabolism will profoundly affect the reproductive state of the female. Indeed, many kinds of reproductive abnormalities in women are caused by disturbances of ovarian androgens (5–7), and therefore, knowledge and understanding of androgen processes in the ovary are important to human welfare. Over the past several years, a series of studies in our laboratory has provided important new information about the underlying controlling mechanisms governing ovarian androgen biosynthesis. The most important event that led to these new observations was the development of a primary cell culture model in which the processes of hormone dependent differentiation of ovarian interstitial cells can be studied in serum-free defined medium (8, 9). This article reviews some of the findings and their implications for understanding ovarian function. We will first introduce the subject of ovarian interstitial cells and discuss a few problems of developmental interest. We will then discuss what the concepts and principles of the interstitial cells are, how they came about, and how they provide knowledge applicable to ovarian physiology and pathophysiology.
On the shoulders of (real) giants
Authors: I. D. Pavord, A. Bush
Journal: Thorax (2010)

It is a daunting task to take over the reins of Thorax , after the fantastically successful last years. Thorax is ranked second in the world among respiratory journals, with an impact factor of 7.069, and this is due mainly to the untiring efforts of the previous team, so ably headed by Wisia Wedzicha and Seb Johnston, building on the foundations laid by previous Editorial teams. It would be wrong not to acknowledge with respect and amazement the achievements to date. They have been the real giants on whose shoulders we stand (definitely not in the snide sense originally used by Newton). So we approach the next 5 years with some trepidation, but great excitement. Clearly we are not going to make radical changes; we want to continue to attract the best clinical work and basic science to the journal. We do believe there are areas on which we would like to focus to move the journal forward.

We want to facilitate the rapid publication of good clinical trials, the backbone of evidence-based medicine. We will offer peer review of the protocol when it has been registered on any approved site. If the protocol passes peer review, we will offer fast-track publication on completion …
CASE OF PYOPERICARDITIS: PYOPNEUMO-PERICARDIUM: PNEUMOCOCCUS PYAEMIA
Authors: W. K. Sibley
Journal: BMJ (1903)

IN the year 1883 Samuel West in describing a case of puru- lent pericarditis which had been successfully operated on, speaks of this condition as "one of the rarest of clinical rarities.""Batten, in the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (I90I), in giving an analysis of necropsies, writes of pyopericarditis, that "it is a disease seldom suspected, still more rarely diagnosed, and hardly ever treated, and yet it is one that is present in nearlY 3 per cent. of the deaths in the records of the Children's Hospital."In the Annals of Surgery, Philadelphia, for the year I900, C. B. Porter published an article entitled Suppurative Peri- carditis and its Surgical Treatment, with an Analysis of Fifty-one Cases reported in Literature.1-"1But among these 51 cases are included 2 (Nos.40 and 5s) which were simple serous effusions, and both of these recovered.In this paper he makes the following observations:" Of the total 51 cases of incision for pericarditis, 20 recovered and 3I died-a mortality for all cases of 60.5 per cent."Of the 14 cases in which acute pneumonia, either lobar, bronchial, or septic, was the cause of the pericarditis, only 4 recovered (Bohm,30 Lilienthal,"1 Porter,50,and Bjorkmann33).
Large artery function in patients with chronic heart failure. Studies of brachial artery diameter and hemodynamics.
Authors: J M Arnold, G E Marchiori, J R Imrie, G L Burton, P W Pflugfelder, W J Kostuk
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Although progressive chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with elevated systemic vascular resistance and increased impedance to ventricular outflow, the contribution of changes in large artery function has not been well documented in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 45 patients with a broad range of clinical severity of CHF and compared noninvasive measurements of brachial artery diameter, flow, and pulse wave velocity with 22 normal controls of similar age. In CHF, mean arterial pressure was lower than in controls (85 +/- 1 versus 93 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), as were brachial artery diameter (4.07 +/- 0.10 versus 4.53 +/- 0.09 mm, p less than 0.001), flow (40.9 +/- 4.1 versus 70.9 +/- 11.5 ml.min-1, p less than 0.02), compliance (1.29 +/- 0.12 versus 2.00 +/- 0.18 cm4.dyne-1.10(-7), p less than 0.002), and conductance (0.49 +/- 0.05 versus 0.76 +/- 0.13 units, p = 0.06). Limb vascular resistance (40.2 +/- 5.0 versus 20.5 +/- 3.1 units, p less than 0.001) and pulse wave velocity (10.6 +/- 0.5 versus 9.2 +/- 0.4 m.sec-1, p less than 0.03) were higher than in controls. Brachial artery diameter was progressively lower than in controls as severity of CHF increased (New York Heart Association class II, 4.47 +/- 0.23 mm, p = NS; class III, 4.05 +/- 0.10 mm, p less than 0.05; class IV, 3.71 +/- 0.28 mm, p less than 0.05). Similar changes were observed for arterial compliance (class II, 1.76 +/- 0.32 cm4.dyne-1.10(-7), p = NS; class III, 1.21 +/- 0.13 cm4.dyne-1.10(-7), p less than 0.05; class IV, 0.95 +/- 0.10 cm4.dyne-1.10(-7), p less than 0.05). While the lower arterial pressure and flow might be expected to passively reduce arterial diameter, this would be associated with a reduced pulse wave velocity and improved arterial compliance, yet the opposite was observed. Differences in large artery function were not likely caused by underlying atherosclerosis alone, because patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and patients with ischemic heart disease of the same sex, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, and exercise treadmill duration had similar changes in large artery function. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that alterations in brachial artery function are present in patients with moderate and severe CHF. The observed reduction in arterial compliance, if present diffusely throughout the arterial tree, could increase left ventricular end-systolic stress directly and through increased velocity of reflected pressure waves from the periphery.
A Large Cohort Study of Aspirin and Other Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Prostate Cancer Incidence
Authors: Eric J. Jacobs, Carmen Rodriguez, Alison M. Mondul, Cari J. Connell, S. Jane Henley, Eugenia E. Calle, Michael J. Thun
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has consistently been associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer. Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that the use of NSAIDs, particularly aspirin, may also be associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, but the evidence remains limited.We examined the association between NSAID use and prostate cancer incidence among 70 144 men in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Information on NSAID use was obtained from a questionnaire completed at study enrollment in 1992-1993 and was updated using follow-up questionnaires in 1997 and 1999. We calculated rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prostate cancer incidence associated with NSAID use, adjusting for age and potential prostate cancer risk factors.During follow-up from 1992-1993 through August 31, 2001, 4853 cases of incident prostate cancer were identified. Neither current aspirin use nor current use of NSAIDs (aspirin and other NSAIDs combined) was associated with prostate cancer risk, even at the highest usage level (60 or more pills per month). However, long-duration regular use (30 or more pills per month for 5 or more years) of NSAIDs was associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.94). Long-duration regular use of aspirin was also associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.99). The absolute rate of prostate cancer (standardized to the age distribution of study participants using 5-year age categories) was 1013 per 100,000 person-years among men who had never reported NSAID use, and 847 per 100,000 person-years among long duration regular NSAID users.These results support the hypothesis that long duration regular NSAID use is associated with modestly reduced risk of prostate cancer.
The Hypertensions of Diabetes
Authors: A Richard Christlieb
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Patients with diabetes mellitus may have any one of several forms of hypertension. These include essential hypertension, systolic hypertension of three varieties, the hypertension associated with diabetic nephropathy (“diabetic hypertension”), and the hypertension associated with neuropathy (supine hypertension with orthostatic hypotension). Because there are differences in the hypertensive mechanisms in each of these hypertensions, the use of antihypertensive medications should be tailored to the type of hypertension present. In this review, the rationale for treating hypertension in the diabetic will be discussed, the mechanisms of action and potential side effects of antihypertensive drugs peculiar to the diabetic will be outlined, and specific antihypertensive therapy programs based on the mechanisms involved in producing each of the hypertensions will be detailed.
Integration Alone Does Not Reduce Health Care Disparities
Authors: Michael H. Kanter, Joanne E. Schottinger, Ronald Copeland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

integrated system they studied, an accompanying editorial 2 identifies it as Kaiser Permanente. The authors conclude that the differences in care processes and outcomes were likely the result of the integrated nature of the system, and the editorial emphasizes the advantages of integrated systems for coordinated care and its potential role in the reported outcomes. We do not disagree with the findings concerning colon cancer care at Kaiser Permanente. However, the data do not support the conclusion that the better outcomes resulted from the integrated nature of the Kaiser Permanente health system. The study compared a single integrated health system and multiple nonintegrated systems; any conclusions that improved outcomes and reduced racial disparities occurred as a result of health system integration are likely to be confounded by differences between Kaiser Permanente and other health systems that the study design does not account for. Forexample,thecurrentperformanceofKaiserPermanente’s HealthcareEffectivenessDataandInformationSet(HEDIS)iswell above that of other generally nonintegrated health plans. Yet, KaiserPermanentehasbeenintegratedsincethe1940s,anditsperformance has not always been as good as it currently is. Between 2005 and 2011, we implemented a transformative model of care called Complete Care, and Kaiser Permanente Southern California performance on 51 HEDIS measures improved by an average of 13.3%, compared with an average improvement of 5.5% in the national HEDIS 50th percentile. 3 Over the same time period, integration within Kaiser Permanente was unchanged, suggesting that other factors are responsible for care improvements. Therefore, the absence of disparities identified by Rhoads et al 1 mayreflectotherfactors,includingengagingcareteams,empowering health care providers to work at the full level of their training, and providing aggressive outreach and case management for individual patients. 4 For example, hundreds of thousands of fecal immunochemical test kits are mailed to members each year, and dedicated teams remind patients to return them. An outpatient safety net ensures that patients with abnormal results are seen by specialists without delay. 5
Achilles tendon ultrasonography may detect early features of psoriatic arthropathy in patients with cutaneous psoriasis
Authors: G. Pistone, M. La Vecchia, A. Pistone, M. R. Bongiorno
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Psoriatic arthropathy is a progressive and debilitating disease involving reduction of functional activity of the articulations with consequent deterioration of the patient's quality of life. The entheses represent the initial site of articular inflammation and the enthesis of the Achilles tendon is the first to be affected. In some patients with psoriasis, enthesitis may not be diagnosed because it is still asymptomatic.To evaluate whether ultrasonography allows early diagnosis in a larger population and to identify significant alterations of enthesitis beyond increased thickness of the Achilles tendon.The study was undertaken on 59 patients (16 women, 43 men), with chronic plaque psoriasis and 59 patients with other dermopathies. The patients underwent echographic evaluation of the Achilles heel using a Voluson imaging system. The severity of the psoriasis was evaluated by the Psoriasis Area Severity Index and the enthesitis by the Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesitis Scoring System (GUESS).The GUESS score was higher in those patients with psoriasis compared with patients with other dermopathies. Among psoriatic patients, 22% (13 of 59) presented tendon thickness over 5·29 mm and irregular tendon structure. Other abnormalities affected the tendon in 12 patients. In seven patients (12%) bursitis was also revealed.Our data confirm that ultrasonography is a sensitive technique which reveals enthesitis more frequently than clinical examination in patients affected by psoriasis. We suggest the use of ultrasonography of the Achilles tendon in early diagnosis of psoriatic arthropathy with the objective of preventing progression of the pathology.
A Multicenter Randomized Phase III Study of KRN125 (Pegfilgrastim) in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving TC Chemotherapy
Authors: Y. Rai, Y. Sagara, M. Kuranami, N. Masuda, T. Takano, T. Saeki, S. Nakamura, Y. Ito, Y. Tokuda, K. Tamura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Perceptions of parents on satisfaction with care in the pediatric intensive care unit: the EMPATHIC study
Authors: Jos M. Latour, Johannes B. van Goudoever, Hugo J. Duivenvoorden, Nicolette A. M. van Dam, Eugenie Dullaart, Marcel J. I. J. Albers, Carin W. M. Verlaat, Elise M. van Vught, Marc van Heerde, Jan A. Hazelzet
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)

To identify parental perceptions on pediatric intensive care-related satisfaction items within the framework of developing a Dutch pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) satisfaction instrument.Prospective cohort study in tertiary PICUs at seven university medical centers in The Netherlands.Parents of 1,042 children discharged from a PICU.A 78-item questionnaire was sent to 1,042 parents and completed by 559 (54%). Seventeen satisfaction items were rated with mean scores <8.0 (1, completely unimportant, to 10, very important) with standard deviations > or =1.65, and thus considered of limited value. The empirical structure of the items was in agreement with the theoretically formulated domains: Information, Care and Cure, Organization, Parental Participation, and Professional Attitude. The Cronbach's alpha of the domains ranged between 0.87 and 0.94.Parental perceptions on satisfaction with care measures were identified and prioritized. Reliabilities of the items and domains were of high level.