tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Volumetric MRI Study of the Cerebellum and Vermis in Schizophrenia: Clinical and Cognitive Correlates
Authors: James J. Levitt, Robert W. McCarley, Paul G. Nestor, Creola Petrescu, Robert Donnino, Yoshio Hirayasu, Ron Kikinis, Ferenc A. Jolesz, Martha E. Shenton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Recent evidence suggests that the cerebellum may play a role in higher cognitive functions and, therefore, may play an important role in schizophrenia.The authors used magnetic resonance imaging to measure cerebellum and vermis volume in 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 normal comparison subjects.They found that 1) vermis volume was greater in patients with schizophrenia than in normal subjects, 2) greater vermis white matter volume in the patients with schizophrenia significantly correlated with severity of positive symptoms and thought disorder and with impairment in verbal logical memory, and 3) patients with schizophrenia showed a trend for more cerebellar hemispheric volume asymmetry (left greater than right).These data suggest that an abnormality in the vermis may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Protective Effects of Parental Monitoring of Children’s Media Use
Authors: Douglas A. Gentile, Rachel A. Reimer, Amy I. Nathanson, David A. Walsh, Joey C. Eisenmann
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Children spend more time with electronic media than they do in any other activity, aside from sleep. Many of the negative effects that stem from media exposure may be reduced by parental monitoring of children's media use; however, there lacks a clear understanding of the mechanisms and extent of these protective effects.To determine the prospective effects of parental monitoring of children's media on physical, social, and academic outcomes.Prospective cohort design. Data were collected by in-home and in-school surveys in 2 communities in Iowa and Minnesota, where 1323 third- (n = 430), fourth- (n = 446), and fifth- (n = 423) grade students participated. A primary caregiver and teachers also provided data about the student.Participants in the current study were recruited to participate in a social ecological model-based obesity prevention program.Body mass index, average weekly sleep, school performance, prosocial behavior, and aggressive behavior. RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed that parental monitoring of children's media influences children's sleep, school performance, and prosocial and aggressive behaviors and that these effects are mediated through total screen time and exposure to media violence.Parental monitoring of media has protective effects on a wide variety of academic, social, and physical child outcomes. Pediatricians and physicians are uniquely positioned to provide scientifically based recommendations to families; encouraging parents to monitor children's media carefully can have a wide range of health benefits for children.
Kinetic analysis of lead metabolism in healthy humans.
Authors: M B Rabinowitz, G W Wetherill, J D Kopple
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The steady state kinetics of lead metabolism were studied in five healthy men with stable isotope tracers. Subjects lived in a metabolic unit and ate constant low lead diets. Their intake was supplemented each day with 79--204 mug of enriched lead-204 as nitrate which was ingested with meals for 1--124 days. The concentration and isotopic composition of lead was determined serially in blood, urine, feces, and diet and less commonly in hair, nails, sweat, bone, and alimentary tract secretions by isotopic dilution, mass spectrometric analysis. The data suggest a three compartmental model for lead metabolism. The first compartment encompasses blood and is 1.5--2.2 times larger than the blood mass. It contains approximately 1.7--2.0 mg of lead and has a mean life of 35 days. This pool is in direct communication with ingested lead, urinary lead, and pools two and three. The second compartment is largely composed of soft tissue, contains about 0.3--0.9 mg of lead, and has a mean life of approximately 40 days. This pool gives rise to lead in hair, nails, sweat, and salivary, gastric, pancreatic, and biliary secretions. Pool three resides primarily in the skeleton, contains the vast quantity of body lead, and has a very slow mean life. Bones appear to differ in their rates of lead turnover. Within the relatively small changes in blood lead observed in the present study, the transfer coefficients between the pools remained constant.
Post-transplant hyperlipidemia
Authors: Z A Massy, B L Kasiske
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Hyperlipidemia is common after renal transplantation. In recent years, much progress has been made in understanding the causes and treatment of lipid abnormalities in renal transplant patients. Recently, short-term studies have shown that newer antilipemic agents appear to be safe and effective in treating hyperlipidemia in this population. Despite the absence of large, controlled clinical trials examining the effect of lipid-lowering strategies on cardiovascular disease and chronic renal allograft rejection, therapy appears to be warranted in renal transplant patients with an atherogenic lipid profile and multiple risk factors.
Effects of orally inhaled budesonide in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: L Greiff, M Andersson, C Svensson, M Linden, P Wollmer, R Brattsand, CG Persson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

It has previously been demonstrated that topical nasal treatment with glucocorticosteroids has significant effects on the bronchial airways. Less is known about effects on nasal disease by topical bronchial treatment with these drugs. The present study examined effects on nasal allergic disease of inhaled budesonide (avoiding nasal deposition of the drug). Patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, but without asthma, were thus given inhalations of budesonide (600 microg b.i.d.) or placebo. The aim of the design was to allow the study of eosinophilic airway disease in a part of the airway other than the directly treated locus. Moderate to high birch pollen levels were recorded during the study season, and nasal symptoms were significantly increased in both treatment groups, although they were milder in patients receiving budesonide than in the placebo group (p&lt;0.05). Nasal brush eosinophils and nasal lavage fluid levels of eosinophil cationic protein as well as blood eosinophils were increased during the season (p&lt;0.05), but these increases were prevented by the inhaled budesonide. Nasal lavage fluid levels of alpha2-macroglobulin were particularly elevated in the placebo group but did not differ between patients receiving placebo and budesonide. Budesonide prevented the seasonal development of increased bronchoconstrictor responses to methacholine challenge (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, budesonide reduced the seasonal eosinophilia both in the circulation and in the nose along with an attenuation of seasonal nasal symptoms. Hence, at a daily dose of 600 microg b.i.d., known to cause no, or minimal, adverse effects, inhaled budesonide produces clinically significant anti-inflammatory effects in the entire airways, including the nasal mucosa, which is not exposed topically to the drug. We suggest that nasal and systemic anti-eosinophil actions are produced at commonly employed dose levels of orally inhaled budesonide.
Hereditary C1q deficiency and secondary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: E P A H Hoppenreijs
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Twenty-four patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic node dissection for cervical carcinoma were randomized in a pilot study to compare continuous postoperative drainage by urethral and suprapubic catheters. There were no statistically significant differences in either the duration of continuous catheter drainage before the return of spontaneous voiding or the incidence of urinary tract infection in the two groups. Power calculations reveal that 628 patients require to be entered into each arm of a future study in order to be able to detect the former difference should it exist (α = 0.05, β = 0.2, difference = 16% of one s.d.) and 41 in the latter (α = 0.05, β = 0.2, 92.9% urethral group had UTI, 70% suprapubic group had UTI). We conclude that differences in these objective measures of catheter efficacy and morbidity between the groups, if they exist, are clinically irrelevant. On this basis we suggest that individual gynaecological oncologists should continue to use whichever method of catheter drainage best suits their clinical practice.</b>
Activation of the Amiloride-Sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channel by the Serine Protease mCAP1 Expressed in a Mouse Cortical Collecting Duct Cell Line
Authors: GRÉGOIRE VUAGNIAUX, VÉRONIQUE VALLET, NICOLE FOWLER JAEGER, CORINNE PFISTER, MARCELLE BENS, NICOLETTE FARMAN, NATHALIE COURTOIS-COUTRY, ALAIN VANDEWALLE, BERNARD C. ROSSIER, EDITH HUMMLER
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. This study examines whether serine proteases can activate the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (ENaC) in mammalian kidney epithelial cells. The transepithelial sodium transport assessed by amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current appears to be sensitive to aprotinin, a protease inhibitor in a mouse cortical collecting duct cell line (mpkCCD c14 ). This result indicated that serine proteases may be implicated in the regulation of ENaC-mediated sodium transport. Using degenerated oligonucleotides to a previously isolated serine protease from Xenopus , xCAP1 (channel activating protease), a novel full-length serine protease (mCAP1), has been isolated and characterized. RNA analysis showed a broad pattern of expression in tissues (kidney, lung, colon, and salivary glands) expressing ENaC. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments also showed that mCAP1 was abundantly expressed in proximal tubule cells and was also expressed in intact and cultured collecting duct cells. Coexpression of the Xenopus , rat, or human α-, β-, and γ-ENaC subunits in Xenopus oocytes also showed that mCAP1 induces a significant increase in ENaC-mediated current accompanied by a decrease of channel molecules at the cell surface. It is proposed that this novel mouse channel activating protease may act as a regulator of ENaC within the kidney.
Determinants of Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
Authors: RAIDA I. HARIK-KHAN, ROBERT A. WISE, JAMES L. FOZARD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

A variety of methods for subject selection and test procedures have been used for the determination of normal values and reference equations for maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). In the cross-sectional study described here, we made MIP measurements on 668 men and women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), using a standardized electronic procedure. Results were combined with spirometric and anthropometric measurements. After subjecting them to rigorous health screening, we analyzed a well-defined, healthy subgroup of 139 men and 128 women with a wide age range (20 to 90 yr), using multiple linear regression, for the purpose of determining the effect of age, other correlates, normal values, and gender-specific reference equations for MIP. The gender effect was strong, with the average MIP values of the men being about 30% higher than those of the women (101 cm H2O and 72 cm H2O, respectively). The reference equation for men is: MIP ± standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 126 − 1.028 × age + 0.343 × weight (kg) ± (22.4); and for women: MIP ± SEE = 171 − 0.694 × age + 0.861 × weight (kg) − 0.743 × height (cm) ± (18.5). These equations may be used for the assessment of inspiratory muscle strength.
Functional Genetic Approach Identifies MET, HER3, IGF1R, INSR Pathways as Determinants of Lapatinib Unresponsiveness in HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhe Zhang, Jiping Wang, Dongmei Ji, Chenchen Wang, Rujiao Liu, Zheng Wu, Lian Liu, Dan Zhu, Jinjia Chang, Ruixuan Geng, Lei Xiong, Qiangyi Fang, Jin Li
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy is currently considered as the standard treatment for HER2-positive (HER2+) advanced gastric cancer. However, as seen in recent clinical trials, most of HER2+ gastric cancer are actually unresponsive to HER2-targeted agents, including lapatinib. The aim of this study is to identify the responsible receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) potentially conferring lapatinib unresponsiveness in HER2+ gastric cancer and elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this RTKs-induced resistance.A functional RNAi screen targeting human RTKs and related growth factors was used to identify candidate RTKs conferring lapatinib unresponsiveness in HER2+ gastric cancer cells. Independent siRNAs transfection and corresponding ligands supplement were performed to validate the effects of candidate RTKs on lapatinib sensitivity. Cross-talks of pathways involved were analyzed via Western blot analysis. Cell apoptosis and cell motility were detected using FACS system and Transwell assay. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze protein expression in clinical samples.MET, HER3, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1R, and INSR were identified to mediate lapatinib unresponsiveness in HER2+ gastric cancer cells. Activation of these bypass RTKs attenuated lapatinib-induced apoptosis and suppression of cell motility, mechanistically because of restimulating the shared downstream AKT or ERK signaling, as well as restimulating WNT signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process. Patients' specimens revealed that these unresponsiveness-conferring RTKs were particularly enriched in the majority of patients with HER2+ gastric cancer.MET, HER3, IGF1R, and INSR pathways activation represent novel mechanism underlying lapatinib unresponsiveness in HER2+ gastric cancer. Combination strategy may be recommended in treating patients with HER2+ gastric cancer with these pathways activation.
Online Diabetes Self-Management Program
Authors: Kate Lorig, Philip L. Ritter, Diana D. Laurent, Kathryn Plant, Maurice Green, Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan, Siobhan Case
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that people with type 2 diabetes in an online diabetes self-management program, compared with usual-care control subjects, would 1) demonstrate reduced A1C at 6 and 18 months, 2) have fewer symptoms, 3) demonstrate increased exercise, and 4) have improved self-efficacy and patient activation. In addition, participants randomized to listserve reinforcement would have better 18-month outcomes than participants receiving no reinforcement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 761 participants were randomized to 1) the program, 2) the program with e-mail reinforcement, or 3) were usual-care control subjects (no treatment). This sample included 110 American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). Analyses of covariance models were used at the 6- and 18-month follow-up to compare groups. RESULTS At 6 months, A1C, patient activation, and self-efficacy were improved for program participants compared with usual care control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.05). There were no changes in other health or behavioral indicators. The AI/AN program participants demonstrated improvements in health distress and activity limitation compared with usual-care control subjects. The subgroup with initial A1C &amp;gt;7% demonstrated stronger improvement in A1C (P = 0.01). At 18 months, self-efficacy and patient activation were improved for program participants. A1C was not measured. Reinforcement showed no improvement. CONCLUSIONS An online diabetes self-management program is acceptable for people with type 2 diabetes. Although the results were mixed they suggest 1) that the program may have beneficial effects in reducing A1C, 2) AI/AN populations can be engaged in and benefit from online interventions, and 3) our follow-up reinforcement appeared to have no value.
Silencing of microRNA families by seed-targeting tiny LNAs
Authors: Susanna Obad, Camila O dos Santos, Andreas Petri, Markus Heidenblad, Oliver Broom, Cristian Ruse, Cexiong Fu, Morten Lindow, Jan Stenvang, Ellen Marie Straarup, Henrik Frydenlund Hansen, Troels Koch, Darryl Pappin, Gregory J Hannon, Sakari Kauppinen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Antibody-specific immunoregulation and the immunodeficiency of aging.
Authors: N R Klinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Experiments were carried out to assess the role of naturally acquired antibody-specific immunoregulation in the immunodeficiency of aged individuals. It was found that greater than 50% of the primary dinitrophenyl-specific BALB/c B cells did not respond in carrier-primed 2-yr-old BALB/c adoptive hosts as compared with similarly primed younger recipients. Similar suppression was observed in carrier-primed younger BALB/c mice that had received 4 x 10(7) spleen cells from 2-yr-old BALB/c mice, as opposed to those that had received 4 x 10(7) spleen cells from younger mice. This diminution in responsiveness was noted only for syngeneic BALB/c B cells because B cells of strains differing from BALB/c in the heavy chain allotype-idiotype locus were not suppressed. These findings indicate that old, but not young, mice had developed the capacity to suppress primary B cells bearing receptors expressing much of the syngeneic antibody repertoire. This suppression may play an important causative role in the relatively poor humoral immune responsiveness of aged individuals.
Laboratory monitoring of new anticoagulants
Authors: Donna D. Castellone, Elizabeth M. Van Cott
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Maintaining a balance between bleeding and clotting has always been a challenge in treating coagulation disorders. A perturbation in that balance can be associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. As a result, anticoagulant monitoring is extremely important, and inappropriate testing may lead to complications. There are now a variety of new anticoagulant drugs in clinical use including several direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as argatroban, bivalirudin, and hirudin, as well as a Factor Xa inhibitor, fondaparinux. There are pitfalls associated with some of the currently used laboratory monitoring tests, and newer alternative laboratory monitoring tests have been investigated (Walenga and Hoppensteadt, Semin Thromb Hemost 2004;30:683-695). In addition, laboratory testing can assist with transitioning patients from DTI to warfarin therapy.
Rugby league injuries in New Zealand: a review of 8 years of Accident Compensation Corporation injury entitlement claims and costs
Authors: D A King, P A Hume, P Milburn, S Gianotti
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Aim: This paper provides an overview of the epidemiology of rugby league injuries and associated costs in New Zealand requiring medical treatment. Method: New Zealand national Accident Compensation Corporation injury data for the period 1999 to 2007 were searched for rugby league injury cases. Data were analysed by demographics, body region, nature/severity of injury, and medical procedure and costs. Results: A total of 5941 injury entitlement claims were recorded over the study period with a significant decrease observed in the injury rate between the 1999–2000 and 2002–2003 reporting years. The total cost of the injuries for the study period was $42 822 048 (equivalent to £15 916 072). The mean (SD) number of injury entitlement claims per year was 743 (271) and yearly cost was $5 352 760 (£1 989 880) ($2 485 535 (£923 994)). The knee was the most commonly reported injury site (225 per 1000 entitlement claims; $8 750 147 (£3 252 020)) and soft tissue injuries were the most common injury types (474 per 1000 entitlement claims; $17 324 214 (£6 438 599)). Accounting for only 1.8% of total injury entitlement claims, concussion/brain injuries accounted for 6.3% of injury entitlement costs and had the highest mean cost per claim ($25 347 (£9420)). The upper and lower arm recorded the highest mean injury site claim cost of $43 096 (£16 016) per claim. The 25–29 age group recorded 27.7% of total injury entitlement claims and 29.6% of total injury entitlement costs, which was slightly more than the 20–24 age group (27.3% claims; 24.7% costs). Nearly 15% of total moderate to serious injury entitlement claims and 20% of total costs were recorded from participants 35 years or older. Discussion: This study identified that the knee was the most common injury site and soft tissue injuries were the most common injury type requiring medical treatment, which is consistent with other international studies on rugby league epidemiology. This study also highlights that the rate of injury and the average age of injured rugby league players increased over time. The high cost of concussion/brain injuries is a cause for concern as it reflects the severity of the injuries. Conclusion: Injury prevention programmes for rugby league should focus on reducing the risk of concussion/brain injury and knee and soft tissue injury, and should target participants in the 20–30 years old age range. More longitudinal epidemiological studies with specific details on injury mechanisms and participation data are warranted to further identify the injury circumstances surrounding participation in rugby league activities.
The Effects of Relaxation on Glucose Tolerance in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes
Authors: Richard S Surwit, Mark N Feinglos
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Twelve patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were hospitalized on a clinical research ward under identical conditions. A 3-h glucose tolerance test and an intravenous insulin tolerance test were performed on each patient. Half of the patients werethen given 5 days of progressive relaxation training after which all patients were retested while treated patients practiced relaxation. Relaxation was found to significantly improve glucose tolerance without affecting insulin sensitivity or glucosestimulated insulinsecretory activity.
Four weeks’ corticosteroid inhalation does not augment maximal power output in endurance athletes
Authors: H Kuipers, G A C Van’t Hullenaar, B M Pluim, S E Overbeek, O De Hon, E J Van Breda, L C Van Loon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Objective: To assess possible ergogenic properties of corticosteroid administration. Design: A balanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was used. Participants: 28 well-trained cyclists and rowers. Intervention: 4 weeks’ daily inhalation of 800 μg budesonide or placebo. Main outcome measurements: The subjects performed three incremental cycle ergometer tests until exhaustion, before and after 2 and 4 weeks of placebo or budesonide administration, to measure maximal power output (W max ). Once a week they filled in a profile of mood state (POMS) questionnaire. Results: There was no significant difference in W max between the placebo (376 (SD 25) W) and the corticosteroid group (375 (36) W) during the preintervention test, and there were no significant changes in either group after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention. No effect of the intervention on mood state was found. Conclusion: 4 weeks of corticosteroid or placebo inhalation in healthy, well-trained athletes did not affect maximal power output or mood state. Hence no ergogenic properties of 4 weeks’ corticosteroid administration could be demonstrated, which corroborates previous studies of short-term corticosteroid administration.