tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine for painful knee osteoarthritis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial versus celecoxib
Authors: Marc C Hochberg, Johanne Martel-Pelletier, Jordi Monfort, Ingrid Möller, Juan Ramón Castillo, Nigel Arden, Francis Berenbaum, Francisco J Blanco, Philip G Conaghan, Gema Doménech, Yves Henrotin, Thomas Pap, Pascal Richette, Allen Sawitzke, Patrick du Souich, Jean-Pierre Pelletier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To compare the efficacy and safety of chondroitin sulfate plus glucosamine hydrochloride (CS+GH) versus celecoxib in patients with knee osteoarthritis and severe pain. <h3>Methods</h3> Double-blind Multicentre Osteoarthritis interVEntion trial with SYSADOA (MOVES) conducted in France, Germany, Poland and Spain evaluating treatment with CS+GH versus celecoxib in 606 patients with Kellgren and Lawrence grades 2–3 knee osteoarthritis and moderate-to-severe pain (Western Ontario and McMaster osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) score ≥301; 0–500 scale). Patients were randomised to receive 400 mg CS plus 500 mg GH three times a day or 200 mg celecoxib every day for 6 months. The primary outcome was the mean decrease in WOMAC pain from baseline to 6 months. Secondary outcomes included WOMAC function and stiffness, visual analogue scale for pain, presence of joint swelling/effusion, rescue medication consumption, Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OMERACT-OARSI) criteria and EuroQoL-5D. <h3>Results</h3> The adjusted mean change (95% CI) in WOMAC pain was −185.7 (−200.3 to −171.1) (50.1% decrease) with CS+GH and −186.8 (−201.7 to −171.9) (50.2% decrease) with celecoxib, meeting the non-inferiority margin of −40: −1.11 (−22.0 to 19.8; p=0.92). All sensitivity analyses were consistent with that result. At 6 months, 79.7% of patients in the combination group and 79.2% in the celecoxib group fulfilled OMERACT-OARSI criteria. Both groups elicited a reduction &gt;50% in the presence of joint swelling; a similar reduction was seen for effusion. No differences were observed for the other secondary outcomes. Adverse events were low and similarly distributed between groups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> CS+GH has comparable efficacy to celecoxib in reducing pain, stiffness, functional limitation and joint swelling/effusion after 6 months in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis, with a good safety profile. <h3>Trial registration number:</h3> NCT01425853.
Fetal outcomes after rituximab exposure in women with autoimmune vasculitis
Authors: William F Pendergraft, Martina M McGrath, Andrew P Murphy, Patrick Murphy, Karen A Laliberte, Michael F Greene, John L Niles
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Rituximab is an approved B-lymphocyte depleting agent for induction of remission in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis.1 ,2 Unlike cyclophosphamide, rituximab is not known to interfere with fertility and appears to be a safe and effective alternative. Pregnancy outcomes after maternal exposure to rituximab have been described,3 primarily in women with lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, but little is known about the impact of rituximab exposure on fetal outcomes, and more specifically, fetal B-lymphocyte populations among women with vasculitis. We performed a retrospective analysis of women with vasculitis who received rituximab in our centre and who achieved pregnancy, and their resultant offspring.

While receiving rituximab, women were counselled extensively to avoid pregnancy. Urine levels of human chorionic gonadotropin were measured and negative before each dose. …
Age-Related EBV-Associated B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders Constitute a Distinct Clinicopathologic Group: A Study of 96 Patients
Authors: Takashi Oyama, Kazuhito Yamamoto, Naoko Asano, Aya Oshiro, Ritsuro Suzuki, Yoshitoyo Kagami, Yasuo Morishima, Kengo Takeuchi, Toshiyuki Izumo, Shigeo Mori, Koichi Ohshima, Junji Suzumiya, Naoya Nakamura, Masafumi Abe, Koichi Ichimura, Yumiko Sato, Tadashi Yoshino, Tomoki Naoe, Yoshie Shimoyama, Yoshikazu Kamiya, Tomohiro Kinoshita, Shigeo Nakamura
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

We have recently reported EBV+ B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) occurring predominantly in elderly patients, which shared features of EBV+ B-cell neoplasms arising in the immunologically deteriorated patients despite no predisposing immunodeficiency and were named as senile or age-related EBV+ B-cell LPDs. To further characterize this disease, age-related EBV+ B-cell LPDs were compared with EBV-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL).Among 1,792 large B-cell LPD cases, 96 EBV+ cases with available clinical data set were enrolled for the present study. For the control group, 107 patients aged over 40 years with EBV-negative DLBCL were selected. We compared clinicopathologic data between two groups and determined prognostic factors by univariate and multivariate analysis.Patients with age-related EBV+ B-cell LPDs showed a higher age distribution and aggressive clinical features or parameters than EBV-negative DLBCLs: 44% with performance status >1, 58% with serum lactate dehydrogenase level higher than normal, 49% with B symptoms, and higher involvement of skin and lung. Overall survival was thus significantly inferior in age-related EBV+ group than in DLBCLs. Univariate and multivariate analyses further identified two factors, B symptoms and age older than 70 years, independently predictive for survival. A prognostic model using these two variables well defined three risk groups: low risk (no adverse factors), intermediate risk (one factor), and high risk (two factors).These findings suggest that age-related EBV+ B-cell LPDs constitute a distinct group, and innovative therapeutic strategies such as EBV-targeted T-cell therapy should be developed for this uncommon disease.
56 private organisations were granted access to NHS patient data last year
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Around a third of the organisations that gained access to NHS patient data last year were from the private sector, a new register has shown.

The Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) published a register1 of approved data releases on 4 April, describing it as part of a drive towards greater transparency and building public trust.

The register …
Co-delivery of doxorubicin and RNA using pH-sensitive poly (β-amino ester) nanoparticles for reversal of multidrug resistance of breast cancer
Authors: Shan Tang, Qi Yin, Zhiwen Zhang, Wangwen Gu, Lingli Chen, Haijun Yu, Yongzhuo Huang, Xianzhi Chen, Minghua Xu, Yaping Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Bladder Cancer Outcome and Subtype Classification by Gene Expression
Authors: Ekaterini Blaveri, Jeff P. Simko, James E. Korkola, Jeremy L. Brewer, Frederick Baehner, Kshama Mehta, Sandy DeVries, Theresa Koppie, Sunanda Pejavar, Peter Carroll, Frederic M. Waldman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Models of bladder tumor progression have suggested that genetic alterations may determine both phenotype and clinical course. We have applied expression microarray analysis to a divergent set of bladder tumors to further elucidate the course of disease progression and to classify tumors into more homogeneous and clinically relevant subgroups. cDNA microarrays containing 10,368 human gene elements were used to characterize the global gene expression patterns in 80 bladder tumors, 9 bladder cancer cell lines, and 3 normal bladder samples. Robust statistical approaches accounting for the multiple testing problem were used to identify differentially expressed genes. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering successfully separated the samples into two subgroups containing superficial (pTa and pT1) versus muscle-invasive (pT2-pT4) tumors. Supervised classification had a 90.5% success rate separating superficial from muscle-invasive tumors based on a limited subset of genes. Tumors could also be classified into transitional versus squamous subtypes (89% success rate) and good versus bad prognosis (78% success rate). The performance of our stage classifiers was confirmed in silico using data from an independent tumor set. Validation of differential expression was done using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays for cathepsin E, cyclin A2, and parathyroid hormone–related protein. Genes driving the separation between tumor subsets may prove to be important biomarkers for bladder cancer development and progression and eventually candidates for therapeutic targeting.
INDUCTION OF T LYMPHOCYTES FROM PRECURSOR CELLS IN VITRO BY A PRODUCT OF THE THYMUS
Authors: K. Komuro, E. A. Boyse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

A product of mouse thymus induces cells found in the spleen and bone marrow of nu/nu mice (which lack a thymus), and in 14-day embryonic mouse liver, to differentiate in vitro into T lymphocytes (defined as cells bearing TL and Thy-1 antigens). Thus the in vitro T lymphocyte induction mechanism acts on a cell that is antecedent to any thymus-mediated process.
Fatal haemoptysis caused by a ruptured Rasmussen's aneurysm
Authors: S.-Y. Shih, I.-C. Tsai, Y.-T. Chang, Y.-T. Tsan, S.-Y. Hu
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Fatal haemoptysis caused by a ruptured Rasmussen's aneurysmA 47-year-old woman with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis presented to our institution with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest because of massive haemoptysis after severe coughing.On arrival, immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation with chest compression, endotracheal intubation and intravenous epinephrine 1 mg with an interval of 3 min for asystole was performed.Twelve minutes later she was defibrillated twice with 150 joules and intravenous epinephrine of 1 mg with an interval of 3 min for ventricular fibrillation was given.Return of spontaneous circulation with a blood pressure of 181/98 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 80 beats/min was achieved 4 min later.Fluid replacement, blood transfusion, tranexamic acid and pitressin were given for persistent gushing of fresh blood from the endotracheal tube.It was suspected that the bleeding originated from the pulmonary or bronchial vessels.Laboratory evaluation revealed a white blood cell count of 13 100/mm 3 with 43.2% segmented neutrophils and 50.4% lymphocytes, haemoglobin 8.5 g/dl and platelet counts of 134310 3 /mm 3 .Thoracic contrastenhanced 64-slice multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA) demonstrated a vascular lesion 29 mm in diameter originating from a branch of the pulmonary artery (PA) with contrast media extravasations indicating a ruptured Rasmussen's aneurysm (figures 1 and 2).Pulmonary angiography with embolisation was attempted and a thoracic surgeon was consulted.However, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defibrillation, fluid replacement, epinephrine and pitressin were prescribed for pulseless electrical activity and recurrent ventricular fibrillation.Four hours later the patient died after return of spontaneous circulation.Sputum culture 1 month later confirmed tuberculosis.Massive haemoptysis has a mortality rate of >50%.The prevalence of haemoptysis originating from the PA is <10%.Rasmussen's aneurysm has a prevalence of 5%. 1 MDCTA can demonstrate the PA and pseudoaneurysm of PA in the adjacent cavity. 1 2 The mortality rate for emergency surgery in unstable haemodynamic patients is high, so radiological endovascular embolisation of endovascular embolisation with coils is recommended first in these patients.
Observations on the Origin of Renin in Human Urine
Authors: EUGENIE R. LUMBERS, S. L. SKINNER
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Excretion of renin into urine was studied using specific assay methods in normal subjects and hospital patients. Urinary renin output and renal clearance of renin varied widely among normal subjects but remained similar over months in any one subject. Renin clearance was significantly less in normal males (range 12 to 893 ml/24 hours) than females (79 to 3,149 ml/24 hours), but no reason for this was established. In normal subjects renin excretion did not show a diurnal variation and was not directly dependent upon creatinine clearance, protein clearance, plasma renin levels, or sodium or water output. Fivefold elevations in plasma renin level induced by natriuretic therapy increased renin excretion twofold and caused renin clearance to fall to 43% of control without a change in creatinine clearance. Total protein excretion did not change with this elevation in plasma renin level. Excess renin excretion did not occur in patients with proteinuria unless plasma levels were grossly elevated. The findings suggest that renin is filtered and selectively reabsorbed. No diagnostic application is apparent.
Electronic Control Devices
Authors: Robert J. Myerburg, Kenneth W. Goodman, Thomas B.K. Ringe
Journal: Circulation (2012)

T he use of deadly force by law enforcement personnel is a hot-button issue in contemporary society.Their responsibility is to handle life-threatening situations while, as much as possible, avoiding fatalities or serious injuries of suspects, bystanders, or themselves.In these settings, the use of lethal weapons must be weighed against reactions to circumstances that do not pose an imminent threat of a fatal outcome.Moreover, use of intense physical restraint instead of lethal weapons in less ominous situations is not without risk either, in that fatal events due to asphyxia have occurred as an unintended consequence of this nonlethal control strategy.In addition, the decision whether deployment of a lethal weapon, as opposed to physical restraint, is the proper action in a specific confrontation often must be made quickly, leaving little time for assessing options.
Mechanical influence of cyclic stretch on vascular endothelial cells
Authors: P LACOLLEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

See article by Von Offenberg Sweeney et al.  [3]  (pages 625–634) in this issue .

Most of the biological phenomena acting on arterial vessels are non-linear. The biological response of cells to mechanical stimuli differs substantially depending on whether they are exposed to static or pulsatile stress [1]. Since the first work by Glagov and his group [2], the role of cyclic hemodynamic forces has been emphasized. In the present issue, Von Offenberg Sweeney et al. [3] have studied the role of cyclic strain on the endothelial matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and activity. They have also shown the importance of metalloproteinases within the frame of vascular remodeling and its consequences in clinical situations.

Endothelial cells (ECs) are mainly exposed to blood shear stress in the direction of blood flow but are also submitted to cyclical circumferential stretch that is tangential to the direction of blood flow. Pulsatile pressure is a major determinant of vessel stretch. Although the effects of cyclical mechanical stretch on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been widely studied [4], its effects on ECs have received less attention and are the main focus of the work of Von Offenberg Sweeney et al. [3].

The authors used a Flexercell Stress Unit (Flexercell, USA) that mimics the effects of cyclic strain on cultured SMCs or ECs. This method permits the measurement of cellular elongation in response to deformation of the elastomere base of the culture plates. Other studies have used long-term organ cultures for arterial segments, which permits the application of physiological … 

*Tel.: +33 1 44 07 90 38; fax: +33 1 44 07 90 40. Email address: lacolley{at}ccr.jussieu.fr
Cell surface 4-1BBL mediates sequential signaling pathways 'downstream' of TLR and is required for sustained TNF production in macrophages
Authors: Young Jun Kang, Sung Ouk Kim, Shigeki Shimada, Motoyuki Otsuka, Alim Seit-Nebi, Byoung S Kwon, Tania H Watts, Jiahuai Han
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
N<scp>UTRITIONAL</scp>I<scp>MPACT OF</scp>P<scp>RE- AND</scp>P<scp>ROBIOTICS AS</scp>P<scp>ROTECTIVE</scp>G<scp>ASTROINTESTINAL</scp>O<scp>RGANISMS</scp>
Authors: Jonathan E. Teitelbaum, W. Allan Walker
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2002)

▪ Abstract The health benefits of pre- and probiotics have been the subject of increased research interests. These food supplements have been demonstrated to alter the pre-existing intestinal flora so as to provide an advantage to the host. This review focuses on the scientific evidence both for and against their role in promoting health and treating disease. Specific attention is turned to their effects on immunomodulation, lipid metabolism, cancer prevention, diarrhea, Helicobacter pylori, necrotizing enterocolitis, allergy, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Investigate, study, explore, examine, enquire, seek
Authors: D MacAuley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

<h3>Purpose</h3> Cases of hepatitis C (HCV) reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for Fairbanks, AK, are strikingly low compared to the national average. This is, in part, due to a lack of identified cases. Fairbanks population has a very high incidence of IV drug use, a major risk factor for HCV transmission. The population also has a high incidence of tattooing (both homemade and commercial) that may present a transmission risk. Commercial tattoo artists were not required to be licensed before 2001. Testing rates have decreased in recent years. An attempt was made to increase awareness of HCV, risk, and available testing. <h3>Methods</h3> Community members (including public health nurse, local doctors, patients, and local tattoo artist) were interviewed to gain understanding of local hepatitis C risks and care. Research was completed using <i>PubMed</i>, CDC, State Epidemiology, and various hepatitis C Web sites. An informative flyer was created to share information on HCV as a potentially quiet but worsening disease. Risk factors were listed. Free testing at a public health clinic was advertised. The flyer was circulated at the local needle exchange program and in two local clinics. <h3>Summary</h3> Increased awareness of HCV, risk, and testing should increase the number of Fairbanks residents who identify their need to be tested. Since treatment may be able to stop the progression of liver disease due to HCV, testing may eventually lead to improved outcomes. Community interest and involvement in HCV prevention and treatment should also increase with the flyer.
Children get “weak” services in most NHS trusts
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The health services watchdog, the Healthcare Commission, has scored most NHS trusts in England as weak for elements of their children's services.Although the overall standard of services was "fair," the commission found outpatient care, day care, and emergency care were singled out as the areas of greatest concern.The lack of training in surgical and anaesthetist staff working on emergencies and elective surgery in children also gave cause for concern.The commission assessed 157 NHS trusts against standards set out in the National Service Framework for children and young people, which was launched in 2003 as part of its new system for assessing NHS performance-the annual health check.Key standards in the framework include the treatment of children in child specific and child friendly environments and the provision of sufficient numbers of appropriately trained staff.
Induction of intestinal lesions in nu/nu mice induced by transfer of lymphocytes from syngeneic mice infected with murine retrovirus
Authors: K Suzuki, T Narita, R Yui, K Ohtsuka, S Inada, T Kimura, Y Okada, M Makino, T Mizuochi, H Asakura, M Fujiwara
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —Murine leukemia virus, LP-BM5, induces severe immunodeficiency with abnormal lymphoproliferation in susceptible C57BL/6 mice. In a previous study, it was shown that a Sjögren’s syndrome-like systemic exocrinopathy is induced in the virus infected mice. Aims —To examine lymphocyte functions of the virus infected mice. Methods —Four-week old mice were inoculated with the virus and their spleen cells were transferred into syngeneic nu/nu mice. Their organs were examined by light and electron microscopy. Phenotypes of the colon infiltrating cells were examined by flow cytometry. Results —All nu/nu recipients had died by six weeks after cell transfer, showing runting disease like cachexia with diarrhoea and anal bleeding. Histopathological examination revealed that systemic exocrinopathy was adoptively transferable and that the colon became thickened due to mononuclear cell infiltration into the mucosal and submucosal layer with hyperplasia of intestinal epithelial cells. No virus particles were found in the colon. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that most of the infiltrating CD4+ T cells showed CD45RB low . No intestinal lesions were observed in the virus infected mice nor in nu/nu mice inoculated with normal lymphocytes. Conclusion —Lymphocytes of the virus infected mice induced colitis and hyperplasia of intestinal epithelial cells as well as systemic exocrinopathy in nu/nu mice. Our experimental system may give some insight into intestinal lesions associated with virus infection.
Schizophrenia: Treatment Targets Beyond Monoamine Systems
Authors: Hisham M. Ibrahim, Carol A. Tamminga
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2011)

We develop the proposal in this review that schizophrenia is a syndrome made up of component symptom complexes, each with distinctive clinical correlates, pathophysiology, and selective treatments. Psychosis is the necessary component of the syndrome; it has a young-adult onset and is sensitive to current antipsychotic drugs. Cognitive dysfunction often precedes psychosis onset, does not present an episodic course, and is poorly responsive to antipsychotic drugs. Treatments for cognition are being developed largely on the basis of animal pharmacology. Drugs for component symptom complexes will theoretically be coadministered to independent symptomatic end points. Animal models, some with genetic characteristics, can be more easily and directly developed to match an individual component than to match an illness definition as broad as schizophrenia.
Combined Longitudinal and Radial Dyssynchrony Predicts Ventricular Response After Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: John Gorcsan, Masaki Tanabe, Gabe B. Bleeker, Matthew S. Suffoletto, Nini C. Thomas, Samir Saba, Laurens F. Tops, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)