tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Integrated Electroanatomic Mapping With Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Images for Real-Time Guided Ablations
Authors: Jun Dong, Hugh Calkins, Stephen B. Solomon, Shenghan Lai, Darshan Dalal, Al Lardo, Erez Brem, Assaf Preiss, Ronald D. Berger, Henry Halperin, Timm Dickfeld
Journal: Circulation (2006)

New ablation strategies for atrial fibrillation or nonidiopathic ventricular tachycardia are increasingly based on anatomic consideration and require the placement of ablation lesions at the correct anatomic locations. This study sought to evaluate the accuracy of the first clinically available image integration system for catheter ablation on 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images in real time.After midline sternotomy, 2.3-mm CT fiducial markers were attached to the epicardial surface of each cardiac chamber in 9 mongrel dogs. Detailed 3D cardiac anatomy was reconstructed from contrast-enhanced, high-resolution CT images and registered to the electroanatomic maps of each cardiac chamber. To assess accuracy, targeted ablations were performed at each of the fiducial markers guided only by the reconstructed 3D images. At autopsy, the position error was 1.9+/-0.9 mm for the right atrium, 2.7+/-1.2 mm for the right ventricle, 1.8+/-1.0 mm for the left atrium, and 2.3+/-1.1 mm for the left ventricle. To evaluate the system's guidance of more complex clinical ablation strategies, ablations of the cavotricuspid isthmus (n=4), fossa ovalis (n=4), and pulmonary veins (n=6) were performed, which resulted in position errors of 1.8+/-1.5, 2.2+/-1.3, and 2.1+/-1.2 mm, respectively. Retrospective analysis revealed that a combination of landmark registration and the target chamber surface registration resulted in <3 mm accuracy in all 4 cardiac chambers.Image integration with high-resolution 3D CT allows accurate placement of anatomically guided ablation lesions and can facilitate complex ablation strategies. This may provide significant advantages for anatomically based procedures such as ablation of atrial fibrillation and nonidiopathic ventricular tachycardia.
SPREAD OF HEPATITIS IN DIALYSIS UNITS
Authors: B. Moore, R.Y. Cartwright, P.G. Bisson, Jean Tratt, D.A.J. Tyrrell, F.A. Dark, G.J. Harper, J.G.P. Hutchison, M.J. Robertson, T.H. Flewett, D.M. Jones, BarbaraM. Tobin, G.R. Harlow
Journal: The Lancet (1974)
Failed Tubule Recovery, AKI-CKD Transition, and Kidney Disease Progression
Authors: Manjeri A. Venkatachalam, Joel M. Weinberg, Wilhelm Kriz, Anil K. Bidani
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

The transition of AKI to CKD has major clinical significance. As reviewed here, recent studies show that a subpopulation of dedifferentiated, proliferating tubules recovering from AKI undergo pathologic growth arrest, fail to redifferentiate, and become atrophic. These abnormal tubules exhibit persistent, unregulated, and progressively increasing profibrotic signaling along multiple pathways. Paracrine products derived therefrom perturb normal interactions between peritubular capillary endothelium and pericyte-like fibroblasts, leading to myofibroblast transformation, proliferation, and fibrosis as well as capillary disintegration and rarefaction. Although signals from injured endothelium and inflammatory/immune cells also contribute, tubule injury alone is sufficient to produce the interstitial pathology required for fibrosis. Localized hypoxia produced by microvascular pathology may also prevent tubule recovery. However, fibrosis is not intrinsically progressive, and microvascular pathology develops strictly around damaged tubules; thus, additional deterioration of kidney structure after the transition of AKI to CKD requires new acute injury or other mechanisms of progression. Indeed, experiments using an acute-on-chronic injury model suggest that additional loss of parenchyma caused by failed repair of AKI in kidneys with prior renal mass reduction triggers hemodynamically mediated processes that damage glomeruli to cause progression. Continued investigation of these pathologic mechanisms should reveal options for preventing renal disease progression after AKI.
A respiratory gas exchange simulator for routine calibration in metabolic studies
Authors: A Huszczuk, BJ Whipp, K Wasserman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

We have developed a method for simulating respiratory gas exchange for on-line calibration of metabolic measurement systems. It utilizes a pump which intakes a mixture of atmospheric air and a known flow of precision-analysed calibration gas (21% CO2, 79% N2). It expels the resulting mixture with flow wave form and profiles of gas concentration which closely resemble those of normal expiration. Control of the calibration mixture's inflow allows the investigator to set any desired metabolic rate regardless of the minute ventilatory rate. This separation of metabolic from ventilatory rates provides a stringent test of the computational performance of the respiratory gas exchange measurement systems. The apparatus can reproduce any range of respiratory and metabolic performance (currently ranging from 0.2-5 l.min-1 O2 uptake and CO2 output) with accuracy +/- 2%.
Sudden Death in a Patient Without Heart Failure After a Single Infusion of 200 mg Infliximab: Does TNF-α Have Protective Effects on the Failing Heart, or Does Infliximab Have Direct Harmful Cardiovascular Effects?
Authors: Franco de’ Clari, I. Salani, E. Safwan, A. Giannacco
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Sudden Death in a Patient Without Heart Failure After a Single Infusion of 200 mg Infliximab: Does TNF-␣ Have Protective Effects on the Failing Heart, or Does Infliximab Have Direct Harmful Cardiovascular Effects?To the Editor:A phase II study to assess the side effects of Remicade (infliximab) in patients with cardiac insufficiency NYHA III-IV revealed 7 deaths due to worsening of cardiac insufficiency among 150 patients who had received 3 infusions of Remicade of either 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg.The pharmaceutical company warned doctors not to give Remicade to patients with heart insufficiency of the class NYHA III-IV. Case ReportWe report a case of sudden death 18 hours after a single infusion of Remicade in a patient without heart insufficiency.The patient, a 64-year-old man with classical rheumatoid arthritis refractory to antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive treatment (he had received hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, leflunomide, deflazacort, oral corticosteroids, and AINS) accepted to try infliximab, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting the biological activity of tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF-␣).The patient complained of pain in the joints and shoulders, morning stiffness, fatigue, and depression.He had a bicameral pacemaker implanted in 1994 for bradycardia but had neither anamnestic clues nor clinical symptoms or signs of heart insufficiency and/or angina pectoris.The ECG was morphologically normal with sinus rhythm and frequent intervention of the pacemaker.The C reactive protein was 200 mg/L, sedimentation rate 90 mm/h, and interleukin (IL)-8 152.1 pg/mL.TNF-␣ before infusion was normal (2.41 pg/mL NϽ6.3).The infusion of Remicade (dosage: 3.17 mg/kg in 250 mL NaCl 0.9%) was started at 10:00 AM and ended at 1:00 PM.During the evening after the infusion, the patient felt very well; for the first time since the beginning of his disease, he was free of pain.Thus, he wanted to go home on the same evening and celebrate the "miracle."All vital signs and parameters were normal.The night nurse attendant spoke with the patient at 6:30 AM of the following morning, and he told her that he had slept very well.At 7:25 AM, he was found dead, lying on his right side, without any signs of abnormal movements, loss of urine, foam at the mouth or nostrils, or discoloration of the skin.There was still no rigor mortis and the skin temperature was diminished but warm indicating that the death had occurred between 6:30 AM and 7:00 AM.The autopsy excluded an organic cause of death (no myocardial infarction, no heart insufficiency, no pulmonary or cerebral edema, no rupture of an aneurysm, no pulmonary embolism, and no internal bleeding).
S6 Sensitivity and specificity of mobile digital chest radiography for the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis. A cohort study in high risk groups in London
Authors: R. W. Aldridge, A. Story, H. Stagg, M. Lipman, J. Knight, D. Taubman, K. Shaji, D. Quinn, J. Watson, I. Abubakar, A. Hayward
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Radiographic screening for pulmonary tuberculosis is used in high risk groups in many countries. There are no published reports of the sensitivity and specificity of this technique in an operational setting with high screening throughput. A Department of Health screening programme has used mobile digital chest radiography to identify pulmonary tuberculosis amongst homeless people, problem drug users and prisoners in London since April 2005. We aimed to use data from this programme and from national tuberculosis surveillance to establish the sensitivity and specificity of mobile digital X-ray screening for the identification of pulmonary tuberculosis. <h3>Methods</h3> Data collected on those screened for the period March 2005 to March 2010 were collated. Abnormal radiographs were classified as: 1) suspected active tuberculosis; 2) signs of old inactive tuberculosis; 3) other suspicious findings that warrant further investigation (eg, possible cancer); 4) abnormal but no further investigation required; 5) normal. Demographic data from those screened were matched to the national tuberculosis surveillance database using probabilistic algorithms. Duplicates within the screening database (ie, persons having been screened more than once) were removed using the same algorithms. To calculate sensitivity and specificity all those who were referred with suspected active tuberculosis were classified as 'screen positive' with all others classified as 'screen negative'. The gold standard comparator was a notification of pulmonary tuberculosis within the four months after screening. Non-pulmonary cases of tuberculosis were also excluded. <h3>Results</h3> 39 225 individuals were screened during the study period, 75% were male and the median age was 36 (IQR 27–45). 430 of those screened were referred with suspected active tuberculosis for further investigation. Matching of the screening data to surveillance data identified 44 screened individuals who were notified with pulmonary tuberculosis within 4 months of screening, 36 of these were screen positive. Based on these results, sensitivity was 82% (95% CI 67.3 to 91.8%) and specificity 99.3% (95% CI 99.1 to 99.3%) (see Abstract S6 Table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> High throughput mobile digital radiographic screening for pulmonary tuberculosis has high sensitivity and specificity in high risk groups and should be considered as a key tool for active case finding in these populations.
High-Linear Energy Transfer Irradiation Targeted to Skeletal Metastases by the α-Emitter 223Ra: Adjuvant or Alternative to Conventional Modalities?
Authors: Øyvind S. Bruland, Sten Nilsson, Darrell R. Fisher, Roy H. Larsen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The bone-seeking, α-particle-emitting radiopharmaceutical Alpharadin, 223RaCl2 (half-life = 11.4 days), is under clinical development as a novel treatment for skeletal metastases from breast and prostate cancer. This article summarizes the current status of preclinical and clinical research on 223RaCl2. Potential advantages of 223Ra to that of external beam irradiation and registered β-emitting bone seekers are discussed. Published data of 223Ra dosimetry in mice and a therapeutic study in a skeletal metastases model in nude rats have indicated significant therapeutic potential of bone-seeking α-emitters. This article provides short-term and long-term results from the first clinical single dosage trial. We also present data from a repeated dosage study of five consecutive injections of 50 kBq/kg body weight, once every 3rd week, or two injections of 125 kBq/kg body weight, 6 weeks apart. Furthermore, interim results are described for a randomized phase 2 trial involving 64 patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and painful skeletal metastases who received four monthly injections of 223Ra or saline as an adjuvant to external beam radiotherapy. Lastly, we present preliminary dose estimates for 223Ra in humans. Results indicate that repeated dosing is feasible and toxicity is low, and that opportunities are available for combined treatment strategies.
Remote Control of Neuronal Activity with a Light-Gated Glutamate Receptor
Authors: Stephanie Szobota, Pau Gorostiza, Filippo Del Bene, Claire Wyart, Doris L. Fortin, Kathleen D. Kolstad, Orapim Tulyathan, Matthew Volgraf, Rika Numano, Holly L. Aaron, Ethan K. Scott, Richard H. Kramer, John Flannery, Herwig Baier, Dirk Trauner, Ehud Y. Isacoff
Journal: Neuron (2007)
Plasticity beyond Cancer Cells and the “Immunosuppressive Switch”
Authors: Zvi Granot, Zvi G. Fridlender
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Tumor initiation, growth, and metastatic progression are complex processes that, in order to be successful, require extraordinary cellular plasticity. Accordingly, tumor cell plasticity and how it affects disease progression have been studied extensively. However, as our understanding of the tumor microenvironment deepens, we are confronted with the notion that functional plasticity in the context of cancer is not limited to tumor cells alone but is also commonly seen in normal stromal cells of the microenvironment, and specifically in immune cells. Here, we review the functional plasticity these cells exhibit in the context of cancer, highlighting the role of circulating and tumor-associated neutrophils. We further discuss how this plasticity supports or limits tumor progression, inducing an “immunosuppressive switch” to promote further tumor growth and development. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4441–5. ©2015 AACR.
Multiple senile lentigos of the face, a skin ageing pattern resulting from a life excess of intermittent sun exposure in dark-skinned caucasians: a case-control study
Authors: S. Monestier, C. Gaudy, J. Gouvernet, M.A. Richard, J.J. Grob
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Different patterns of skin ageing can be described depending on the predominant lesions, i.e. wrinkles, laxity, atrophy, senile lentigos (SLs), etc. They may correspond to different epidemiological contexts. Objectives To identify and assess the epidemiological factors for a skin ageing pattern characterized by a high density of SLs on the face, or 'lentigo ageing pattern' (LAP). Methods An age- and sex-matched case–control study was conducted in individuals aged between 60 and 80 years, comparing cases (n = 118) with a very high number of SLs on the face for their age, and controls (n = 118) with no or very few SLs for their age. The cases and controls were recruited in two hospitals. Results In univariate and multivariate analysis, LAP was associated with skin types III and IV, with frequent sunburns, and with the part of the lifetime cumulative sun exposure which was received during vacations. Conversely, there was no link with the occupational and everyday exposures and the total cumulative exposure. LAP was associated with multiple solar lentigos of the upper back. No relationship was found with postmenopausal hormonal therapy, number of naevi, or freckles. Conclusions Different epidemiological factors may account for the different skin ageing patterns. LAP seems to develop preferentially in dark-skinned caucasians who have repeatedly received intermittent and intense sun irradiations throughout their life, and have often developed solar lentigos on the upper back earlier in life, whereas the 'prominent wrinkling' pattern is known to affect light-skinned people and smokers with a life excess of continuous exposure.
Therapeutic Efficacy of DTI-015 using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging as an Early Surrogate Marker
Authors: Daniel E. Hall, Bradford A. Moffat, Jadranka Stojanovska, Timothy D. Johnson, Zhuolin Li, Daniel A. Hamstra, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Thomas L. Chenevert, Julie Carter, Dennis Pietronigro, Brian D. Ross
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract To investigate diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a quantitative surrogate marker for evaluating the therapy-induced cellular changes in an orthotopic experimental glioma model, tumors were treated with direct intratumoral administration of DTI-015, a solution of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in 100% EtOH. Intracerebral 9L tumors were induced in Fischer 344 rats, and three treatment groups were established: DTI-015, EtOH, and sham. Two groups of rats received intratumoral injection of either 67 mg/mL BCNU in EtOH or EtOH alone at 50% of the tumor volume up to a maximum of 30 μl under stereotactic guidance. Diffusion magnetic resonance images were acquired before treatment and after treatment at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours and then 3 times per week thereafter. Tumor cell viability was examined using multislice diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion weighted transverse magnetic resonance images and histogram plots of each tumor quantified over time. Control animals (EtOH- or sham-treated animals) showed mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) that remained essentially unchanged over the experimental time course. In contrast, rats treated with DTI-015 showed a significant increase in ADC relative to the pretreatment within 24 hours, which further increased over time, followed by a significant therapeutic response as evidenced by subsequent tumor volume shrinkage, development of a cystic region, and enhanced animal survival. Finally, not only were ADC measurements predictive of differences between treatment groups, but they also yielded spatial and temporal data regarding the efficacy of treatment within individual treated animals that could be used to guide subsequent therapy.
Mechanisms of Food Intake Repression in Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiency
Authors: Dorothy W. Gietzen, Shuzhen Hao, Tracy G. Anthony
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2007)

Animals reject diets that lead to indispensable amino acid (IAA) depletion or deficiency. This behavior is adaptive, as continued IAA depletion is incompatible with maintenance of protein synthesis and survival. Following rejection of the diet, animals begin foraging for a better IAA source and develop conditioned aversions to cues associated with the deficient diet. These responses require a sensory system to detect the IAA depletion and alert the appropriate neural circuitry for the behavior. The chemosensor for IAA deprivation is in the highly excitable anterior piriform cortex (APC) of the brain. Recently, the well-conserved general AA control non-derepressing system of yeast was discovered to be activated by IAA deprivation via uncharged tRNA in mammalian APC. This system provides the sensory limb of the mechanism for recognition of IAA depletion that leads to activation of the APC, diet rejection, and subsequent adaptive strategies.
Effects of Methylphenidate on Functional MRI Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent Contrast
Authors: Stephen M. Rao, Betty Jo Salmeron, Sally Durgerian, Judi A. Janowiak, Mariellen Fischer, Robert C. Risinger, Lisa L. Conant, Elliot A. Stein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The authors’ goal was to determine potential hemodynamic consequences of methylphenidate on functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast. METHOD: BOLD and perfusion changes were recorded from the motor cortex of six healthy subjects while they performed flexion-extension movements of the right index finger (finger tapping) at varying rates before and after oral methylphenidate administration. RESULTS: Functional MRI signals increased monotonically with faster movement rates. Subjects’ heart rates increased modestly after methylphenidate administration, but no changes in finger tapping performance or functional MRI signals were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Methylphenidate does not alter BOLD neural-hemodynamic coupling. Consequently, functional MRI can be used to map neural systems that subserve cognitive operations (e.g., attention and executive processes) in subjects taking methylphenidate.
Female Advantage in AMI Mortality Is Reversed in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the Skaraborg Project
Authors: Charlotte A. Larsson, Bo Gullberg, Juan Merlo, Lennart Rastam, Ulf Lindblad
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Two major risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are hypertension and type 2 diabetes (1). Men are also recognized as having a higher incidence of AMI than women (1); however, in subjects with type 2 diabetes, the female advantage is known to disappear. In fact, a Finnish study recently presented a significant interaction between female sex and type 2 diabetes in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) (2). The current study was therefore designed to explore further the potential interaction between sex and type 2 diabetes in the risk of AMI in patients treated within primary care. Since previous studies in patients with type 2 diabetes have shown that hypertension has stronger macrovascular implications than type 2 diabetes itself, the analyses also include hypertension (3, 4).

In the Skaraborg county in southwestern Sweden, including the small community of Skara, patients with hypertension and/or diabetes have been treated at special outpatient clinics within primary care since the 1970s (the Skaraborg Hypertension and Diabetes Project) (5). From 1992 to 1993, all 1,149 patients with hypertension and/or diabetes who completed an annual check-up at the hypertension and diabetes clinic in Skara were consecutively surveyed for cardiovascular risk factors (5–10). From 1993 to 1994, a population survey using the same protocol as the patient survey was conducted with a randomized sample from the population census register, stratified by …
Idiopathic pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: clinical and imaging characteristics
Authors: H.H. Wong, R.P. Chan, R. Klatt, M.E. Faughnan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) can cause stroke, brain abscess or life-threatening haemorrhage. Most PAVMs are associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of those with idiopathic PAVMs, which has not previously been described in the literature. Patients with idiopathic PAVMs were identified at our HHT centre. Retrospective review of charts and imaging were performed. 20 patients were identified with idiopathic PAVMs. The most common symptoms reported were dyspnoea and migraines (50 and 30% of patients, respectively). Previous complications of PAVMs included haemoptysis (20%), stroke (20%) and brain abscess (5%). A total of 28 focal PAVMs were identified. Most patients (80%) had a solitary PAVM. 13 out of 28 PAVMs (46%) were located in the lower lobes. Most were simple and fistulous rather than complex and plexiform. Transcatheter embolotherapy was performed in 17 patients and was successful in improving oxygenation in all cases. The clinical manifestations and complications of idiopathic PAVMs are similar to those associated with HHT. Idiopathic PAVMs are anatomically similar to HHT-related PAVMs except for a greater number of solitary PAVMs and a lack of lower lobe predominance. Transcatheter embolotherapy is a safe and effective method for treating idiopathic PAVMs.