tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of the tracheal phonography in chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma diagnosis
Authors: Yuri Kulakov, Tatiana Khairzamanova, Mikhail Kiniakin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Obstructive lung diseases are the most common chronic diseases of bronchopulmonary system. According to epidemiological markers were identified more than 11 million people with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) in Russian Federation, and most common cause of population disability. In recent years, have been increasing the rates of asthma. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of tracheal phonography of forced expiration in the obstructive lung diseases diagnosis. This acoustical method is based on registration of forced expiratory noises which recording from laryngotracheal area. There were examined 59 patients with obstructive lung diseases at the age 46-58 years. It was diagnosed that 24 patients had bronchial asthma and 35 one had COPD. We compared spirography rates and duration of the noise detected by tracheal phonography of forced expiration. All patients had lengthening of the acoustic value of 1.5-5 times the calculated norm. According to the correlation analysis was obtained statistically-valid correlation between the acoustic value and FVC (r = -0,64, p<0,05), FEV1 (r = -0,46, p <0,05) and FEV1/FVC (r = -0,11, p <0,05). The result of our research is allowing us to recommend the acoustic method for chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma diagnosis.
Radiation and Human Health.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The growing controversy over low-level radiation risks stems from challenges to the assumptions that had been made about dose rate, linear theory, and total-body exposure. The debate has focused on whether there is a risk threshold or whether linearity overstates low-level risks, both theories being consistent with the available data. The generally accepted consensus on the risks of cancer and genetic effects are examined for several occupational groups and compared with recent studies which use different methodologies and reach conflicting conclusions. The weaknesses of the more recent studies are noted and the conclusion is reached that adherence to the earlier assumptions is probably the conservative position. Since the relationship of exposure to small doses of carcinogenic agents to cancer is a weak link and difficult to verify statistically, the prognosis is poor for resolving the question of linearity. It is important that the costs of reducing the risks be carefully balanced with the available evidence.
Impact of overall treatment time during concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC: An RTOG secondary analysis
Authors: R. S. Swann, M. Machtay, R. Komaki, W. T. Sause, C. J. Langer, R. W. Byhardt, W. J. Curran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7061 Background/Purpose: To determine if overall treatment time is associated with outcomes after definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Methods: Data were analyzed from three prospective Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trials (RTOG 91–06, 92–04, and 94–10) in which immediate concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin-based) was the primary therapy for good-performance status Stage III (and selected inoperable Stage II) NSCLC. Protocol-specified radiotherapy was 63–69.6 Gy over approximately 6.5 weeks. Treatment time was analyzed as a continuous variable (in days) in a multivariate model that also incorporated histology, performance status, gender, age, stage, radiotherapy fractionation, and radiotherapy dose. Endpoints studied were overall survival, progression free survival (PFS), local-regional control and toxicity. Results: A total of 474 patients were analyzed. Median followup for surviving patients was 6.1 years. The multivariate model showed that prolonged treatment time was highly significantly associated with worsening overall survival (p=0.01) and PFS (p=0.02). The hazard ratio was 1.02 (95% confidence interval 1.00–1.03), reflecting an estimated 2% increase in the risk of death for each day of prolonged treatment. Histology and performance status were also significant prognosticators in this model (p=0.02 and p=0.03 for survival, respectively). A total of 87 patients (18%) had a treatment time that was prolonged ≥ 5 days beyond protocol specification; these patients had a median survival of 14.8 months, versus 19.5 months for other patients (p=0.15 by log rank). Although detailed data on the causes of treatment interruptions were not available, prolonged treatment time was strongly associated with high grade acute esophagitis (p<0.0001). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis demonstrates a negative association between prolonged overall treatment time and survival in patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation, supporting radiobiologic models. Further study of novel radiation-chemotherapy dose/fractionation regimens is warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Dexrazoxane for protection against cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines in children.
Authors: S E Lipshultz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.2.328 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8636739 Dexrazoxane for protection against cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines in children. S E LipshultzxS E LipshultzSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.2.328 First Page PDF © 1996 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Comparing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in group 1 and group 4 pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Susana Hoette, Nicolas Creuze, Dominique Musset, Xavier Jais, Laurent Savale, Delphine Natali, Sven Gunther, Olivier Sitbon, Gerald Simonneau, Marc Humbert, Denis Chemla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background and aim:  Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, group 1) and chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH, group 4) have different pathophysiology. Our study tested the hypothesis that PAH and CTEPH display different characteristics on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).   Methods:  46 patients (mean age 54±15 yrs; 22F) entered the study, namely 23 PAH and 23 CTEPH matched for age and sex. They underwent right heart catheterization and cine and phase-contrast CMR (1.5 T scanner, Siemens) with electrocardiographic gating (delay ±48h).   Results:  PAH and CTEPH had similar body surface area (1.7±0.2 vs 1.8±0.2 m 2 ) and similar invasive hemodynamics, including mean pulmonary arterial pressure (48±14 vs 47±11 mmHg), pulmonary vascular resistance (9±4 vs 10±4 wu) and right atrial pressure (7±4 vs 7±5 mmHg) (each p = ns). PAH and CTEPH had similar ventricular morphology and function, especially RV ejection fraction (30±13 vs 30±15%), RV end-diastolic area (34±8 vs 32±9 cm 2 ), left ventricular end-diastolic area (26±5 vs 26±7 cm 2 ) and area ratio (1.3±0.3 vs 1.3±0.4) (each p = ns). Pulmonary artery data were similar, namely pulmonary artery trunk diameter (33±4 vs 33±4 mm), pulmonary artery pulsatility (15±8 vs 18±14%), mean pulmonary flow (4.5±1.8 vs 4.1±1.3 L/min), mean flow velocity (9±4 vs 9±3 cm/sec), acceleration time (94±15 vs 101±14 msec) and ejection time (317±34 vs 315±52 msec) (each p = ns).   Conclusion:  Age- and sex-matched PAH and CTEPH patients displayed similar values of the classical CMR indices. Although these results need to be confirmed on larger samples, it is suggested that the main CMR data may be interpreted without the need to take into account the PAH vs CTEPH etiology.
Abstract 11100: Effect of Different Oxygen Concentrations on Post Resuscitation Myocardial Oxidative Stress and Myocardial Function in a Rat Model of CPR
Authors: Shen Zhao, Jie Qian, Jiangang Wang, Ping Gong, Zhengfei Yang, Neil Duggal, Jena Cahoon, Xiaobo Wu, Caijing Lin, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Lipid peroxidation induced by oxygen free radicals plays a prominent role in myocardial injury after global ischemia. The present study investigated whether ventilation with lower concentration of inspired oxygen would decrease the severity of myocardial lipid peroxidation and post resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Methods: Ventricular fibrillation was induced and untreated for 8 mins in 46 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Defibrillation was attempted after 8 mins of CPR. The animals were randomized into 3 groups: mechanical ventilation with 100% O2, 50% O2 or 21% O2 during CPR and one hr following return of spontaneous circulation. Normoxic ventilation was maintained thereafter. The level of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) in myocardium was evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood gases, post resuscitation myocardial function and the duration of survival were monitored in all animals. Results: Compared with the 100% and 21% groups, the 50% group showed a lower 8-iso-PGF2α level at 4 hrs post resuscitation (Table). Significantly greater oxygen extraction rate, lower lactate, better myocardial ejection fraction and myocardial performance index were observed in the 50% group (Table). A significantly shorter duration of survival was observed in the 21% group when compared with the other two groups (Table). There was a trend in the 50% group towards an increased duration of survival when compared with the 100% group. Conclusions: In a rat cardiac arrest model, ventilation with 50% inspired oxygen during early post-ischemic reperfusion contributed to a decreased lipid peroxidation, a better oxygenation, myocardial function and duration of survival.
Safety analysis of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in patients with relapsed or refractory low grade, follicular or transformed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma based on age at time of therapy
Authors: E. Braun, D. Katz, P. Venugopal, M. Larson, J. Shammo, H. Fung, S. Gregory
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e19529 Background: Radioimmunotherapy is a therapeutic option for relapsed or refractory indolent, follicular and transformed non Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Although prolongued myelotoxicity has been described with use of iodine I 131 tositumomab (TOSI) and yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (IBRI), analysis of toxicity according to patients’ age at therapy still lacks. Methods: Utilizing the Rush University Medical Center database 61 subjects who received RIT between November/2003 and June/2008, either with TOSI or IBRI were divided in 2 groups according to age at time of therapy. Group 1 included patients between 33 and 60 (51.8±6.5) years of age (N=29) and group 2 included patients 61 years old or older (70.1±7.8) (N=32). Parameters compared between groups were: Time to nadir of lowest absolute neutrophil count (ANC), time to recovery ANC above 1000/mcL, time to nadir of lowest hemoglobin levels, time to recovery to hemoglobin levels above 8g/dL, time to lowest platelet count and time to recovery to platelet count above 100,000/mcL. Incidence o myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was also compared between groups. Groups characteristics such as sex, type of RIT, presence of disease in bone marrow, FLIPI/IPI and use of G-CSF were noted. Results: There was no significant statistical difference between groups in time (number of days) to achieve nadir of ANC (group 1 85.3±208; group 2 50.3±19.9), nadir of hemoglobin levels (group 1 106±60.6; group 2 84±57.0) and time to nadir of platelet level (group 1 53.5±70.7; group 2 41.8±9.6). There was no statistical significant difference between groups in duration of cytopenias, except for time for platelet recovery which was significant longer in group 2 using the Pearson Correlation analysis. (p=0.008). (Days for platelets recovery to levels above 100,000/mcL group 1 29.4±27.7; group 2 108.8 ±207.3). One patient in group 1 and three patients on group 2 were diagnosed with MDS but were also treated with different chemotherapy regimens. Conclusions: RIT should be considered a safe therapeutic modality in patients with refractory or relapsed indolent, follicular, NHL, transformed and Mantle Cell lymphoma regardless of age. [Table: see text]
Correlation of expression of pro-apoptotic proteins bax and bak with lymph node metastasis in colonic adenocarcinoma
Authors: R. A. Tracy, S. T. Chuang, J. Kim, D. Coppola
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15042 Background: Colon cancer has been associated with disturbances in the regulation of apoptosis. Down regulation of Bax and Bak, members of the Bcl-2 family, are associated with tumor metastasis. Here we investigate how these two pro-apoptotic markers correlate with lymph node (LN) metastasis in colonic adenocarcinoma (CA). Methods: Paraffin-embedded sections from 100 cases of CA were constructed in tissue microarrays and subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the ABC method and antibodies for Bax and Bak. The IHC score is the product of intensity and percentage of positively stained cells, and ranged between 0 and 9. The total scores were divided into categories of “2 or less” and “3 or more.” These were than correlated with LN metastasis. Results: For Bax, 88 tumors were available while Bak was present in 100 tumors. In scoring Bax, 67 tumors had a score of ≤2 and 21 had a score of ≥3. Within the ≤2 category, 23 of 67 (34%) tumors had no LN metastases while 15 of 21 (71%) in the ≥3 category had no metastasis (p= 0.0029). For Bak staining, 23 had a score of ≤2 and 77 had a score of ≥3. Five of 23 (22%) tumors with a score ≤2 had no metastases and 35 of 77 (46%) with score ≥3 had no metastases (p= 0.0427). The LOGISTIC Procedure was used to show that a patient with a ≥3 Bax score has a 4.78 times odds ratio (95% C.I.: 1.64- 13.98) of having no metastases while a patient with a ≥3 Bak score has a 3 times odds ratio (95% C.I.: 1.01- 8.90) of having no metastases. Conclusions: We show correlation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak with decreased lymph node metastasis in CA. The findings suggest a role for these markers in predicting stage and patient survival in colonic adenocarcinoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PTU-103 Characterisation of the immune profile in chronic hepatitis b patients following nucleos(t)ide discontinuation by cytof mass cytometry
Authors: L Rivino, M Van Den Berg, US Gill, N Le Bert, S Koh, NK Hansi, E Newell, GR Foster, A Bertoletti, Ptf Kennedy
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Identifying chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients in whom nucleos (t)ide analogues (NUCs) can be safely discontinued with sustained immune control is a major unmet need of current treatment strategies. Predicting the onset of biochemical relapse or hepatic flares (HF) following NUC discontinuation is currently not possible. Through the utilisation of cytometry time of flight (CyTOF), a novel mass cytometry technology, in conjunction with traditional flow cytometry tools, the aim of this study was to establish an immune profile associated with the onset of HF upon withdrawal of NUC therapy. <h3>Method</h3> Cytokine and chemokine serum levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, CXCL-8, CXCL-10) were measured longitudinally using Luminex in chronic HBV patients who developed HF (n = 6) and in those who did not (n = 2) upon the discontinuation of NUCs. HBV-specific T cell responses were assessed after <i><i>in vitro</i></i>expansion of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells with overlapping HBV peptide pools. An in-depth longitudinal analysis of the expression of 35 markers involved in the activation, differentiation, exhaustion and anti-viral effector function of T and NK cells was performed by CyTOF mass cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> The analysis of HBV-specific T cells using overlapping HBV peptides, shows that in patients with biochemical relapse after therapy withdrawal, there was no detection of functional antigen-specific T cells at all time points. The onset of HFs was, however, associated with a significant increase in the serum levels of CXCL-10 and IL-10. In contrast, a chronic HBV patient that controlled viral relapse without experiencing HF displayed functional circulating HBV-specific T cells. Preliminary analyses by CyTOF also revealed significant differences in terms of the frequency and functionality of the bulk of the T and NK cell populations both longitudinally (during and after discontinuation of therapy), as well as amongst patients characterised by relapse or immune control. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Consistent with previous studies, HFs are associated with an increase in the serum levels of CXCL10 and IL-10 while HBV-specific T cells remain undetectable in the periphery. The absence of circulating virus-specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells during HFs suggests that hepatic inflammation after NUC withdrawal in chronic HBV patients is induced independent of virus-specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells. CyTOF technology represents a major advance, allowing us to investigate multiple parameters, providing a unique insight into potential biomarkers associated with sustained immune control of HBV. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Gene expression data analytics with interlaboratory validation for identifying anatomical sites of origin of metastatic carcinomas
Authors: J. Moraleda, N. Grove, Q. Tran, J. Doan, J. Hull, L. Nguyen, A. Pattin, G. Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9625 Background: Determining the anatomical site of origin is fundamental for the optimal treatment of patients with cancer. Currently there are no definitive, cost-effective analytical methods to identify the site of origin in carcinoma when the primary is unknown or uncertain. This study was undertaken to demonstrate that when applied to microarray gene expression data, PathWork Informatics' analytical models convert gene expression profiles into actionable reports that identify the site of origin for tumors of unknown or uncertain origin. Methods: Published data from a variety of sources was used. The data comprised output files from microarray (Affymetrix U95a or U133) processing of 499 frozen tumor tissue samples. Each specimen was from a primary or metastatic lesion from one of ten known sites (prostate, breast, colorectum, lung, liver, gastroesophagus, pancreas, ovary, kidney, and bladder/ureter). All data was analyzed by the PathWork Informatics software system. Results: Results show that the analytical system is highly sensitive and specific. Of the 10 tests that comprise the system (1 per site of origin), 9 demonstrated 100% specificity; and 5 demonstrated greater than 80% sensitivity, while all demonstrated greater than 65% sensitivity. Conclusions: This novel analytic system can identify the site of origin in a high percentage of tumors, allowing for highly predictive, laboratory-independent classification of microarray data, with high potential clinical utility. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Paying attention to the safety and efficacy of fish oil in treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Shu-Guang Gao, Chao Zeng, Jie Wei, Yi-Lun Wang, Guang-Hua Lei
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

We read with deep interest the article by Hill et al 1 who examined whether high-dose fish oil was superior to low-dose supplementation for symptomatic and structural outcomes in knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study suggested that The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and function scores were improved in high-dose and low-dose fish oil groups compared with baseline, and high-dose groups had no additional benefit for people with symptomatic knee OA compared with low-dose groups. We really appreciate the work that has been done by the authors, but there are some worthwhile issues that need to be explored.

Since this study might encourage supplementation of fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) in many patients with knee OA, we think, first, safety issues should be the object of particular scrutiny. Recent review …
Reduced risk of pancreatic cancer associated with asthma and nasal allergies
Authors: Paulina Gomez-Rubio, Jan-Paul Zock, Marta Rava, Mirari Marquez, Linda Sharp, Manuel Hidalgo, Alfredo Carrato, Lucas Ilzarbe, Christoph Michalski, Xavier Molero, Antoni Farré, José Perea, William Greenhalf, Michael O'Rorke, Adonina Tardón, Thomas Gress, Victor Barberà, Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic, Enrique Domínguez-Muñoz, Luís Muñoz-Bellvís, Cristina Alvarez-Urturi, Joaquim Balcells, Luis Barneo, Eithne Costello, Carmen Guillén-Ponce, Jörg Kleeff, Bo Kong, Rita Lawlor, Matthias Löhr, Josefina Mora, Lim Murray, Damian O'Driscoll, Pablo Peláez, Ignasi Poves, Aldo Scarpa, Francisco X Real, Núria Malats
Journal: Gut (2015)

Studies indicate an inverse association between ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) and nasal allergies. However, controversial findings are reported for the association with asthma. Understanding PDAC risk factors will help us to implement appropriate strategies to prevent, treat and diagnose this cancer. This study assessed and characterised the association between PDAC and asthma and corroborated existing reports regarding the association between allergies and PDAC risk.Information about asthma and allergies was collated from 1297 PDAC cases and 1024 controls included in the PanGenEU case-control study. Associations between PDAC and atopic diseases were studied using multilevel logistic regression analysis. Meta-analyses of association studies on these diseases and PDAC risk were performed applying random-effects model.Asthma was associated with lower risk of PDAC (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.88), particularly long-standing asthma (>=17 years, OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.65). Meta-analysis of 10 case-control studies sustained our results (metaOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.89). Nasal allergies and related symptoms were associated with lower risk of PDAC (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.83 and OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.77, respectively). These results were supported by a meta-analysis of nasal allergy studies (metaOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5 to 0.72). Skin allergies were not associated with PDAC risk.This study shows a consistent inverse association between PDAC and asthma and nasal allergies, supporting the notion that atopic diseases are associated with reduced cancer risk. These results point to the involvement of immune and/or inflammatory factors that may either foster or restrain pancreas carcinogenesis warranting further research to understand the molecular mechanisms driving this association.