tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hedgehog signaling: modulation of cancer properies and tumor mircroenvironment
Authors: Ann Hanna, Lalita A. Shevde
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2016)

Cancer poses a serious health problem in society and is increasingly surpassing cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Current therapeutic strategies for cancer are extreme and harsh to patients and often have limited success; the danger of cancer is intensified as it metastasizes to secondary locations such as lung, bone, and liver, posing a dire threat to patient treatment and survival. Hedgehog signaling is an important pathway for normal development. Initially identified in Drosophila, the vertebrate and mammalian equivalent of the pathway has been studied extensively for its role in cancer development and progression. As this pathway regulates key target genes involved in development, its action also allows for the modulation of the microenvironment to prepare a tumor-suitable niche by manipulating tumor cell growth, differentiation, and immune regulation, thus creating an enabling environment for progression and metastasis. In this review, we will summarize recent scientific discoveries reporting the impact of the Hedgehog signaling pathway on the tumor initiation process and metastatic cascade, shedding light on the ability of the tumor to take over a mechanism crucially intended for development and normal function.
Medical Schools in the United States, 2011-2012
Authors: Barbara Barzansky, Sylvia I Etzel
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Randomized Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase Ii Trial of Nintedanib Versus Placebo in Advanced Ovarian Cancer (Oc) Patients Treated with Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy (Nacx) and Interval Debulking Surgery (Ids):The Chiva Trial from Gineco
Authors: G. Ferron, A. Lesoin, I.L. Ray-Coquard, F. Joly Lobbedez, G. De Rauglaudre, J. Meunier, N. Pecuchet, A. Lortholary, M. Kaminsky-Forrett, E. Malaurie, S. Hamizi, D. Berton-Rigaud, C. Louvet, J. Alexandre, E. Pujade-Lauraine
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia/Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma, Version 2.2013
Authors: Kenneth C. Anderson, Melissa Alsina, William Bensinger, J. Sybil Biermann, Adam D. Cohen, Steven Devine, Benjamin Djulbegovic, Edward A. Faber, Christine Gasparetto, Francisco Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Carol Ann Huff, Adetola Kassim, Amrita Y. Krishnan, Bruno C. Medeiros, Ruby Meredith, Noopur Raje, Jeffrey Schriber, Seema Singhal, George Somlo, Keith Stockerl-Goldstein, Steven P. Treon, Guido Tricot, Donna M. Weber, Joachim Yahalom, Furhan Yunus, Rashmi Kumar, Dorothy A. Shead
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight the important updates/changes specific to the management of Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia/Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma. These include the addition of regimens containing novel agents as primary and salvage therapy options, inclusion of the updated summary of response categories and criteria from the sixth international workshop on Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia, and a section on management of peripheral neuropathy in the accompanying discussion.
Indication and Timing of Thyroid Surgery for Patients with Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Cancer Syndromes
Authors: Jennifer B. Ogilvie, Electron Kebebew
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Hereditary medullary thyroid cancer syndromes comprise familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC) and multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A and 2B. Hereditary medullary thyroid cancers have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and are caused by activating germline point mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. Evaluation of the onset, extent, and progression of hereditary medullary thyroid cancer associated with specific RET mutations has enabled clinicians to treat patients based on the level of risk associated with their specific mutation. Children identified by RET screening to be at risk for the development of medullary thyroid cancer can be treated with prophylactic thyroidectomy before developing the disease. This review covers the diagnosis, evaluation, timing of surgical management, and optimal follow-up of patients with hereditary medullary thyroid cancer syndromes.
Carcinogen-Induced Changes in Tracheal Epithelium Cultured in Serum-Free, Chemically Defined Medium 2
Authors: Bernard P. Lane, Sandra L. Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Carcinogen-Induced Changes in Tracheal Epithelium Cultured in Serum-Free, Chemically Defined Medium Get access Bernard P. Lane, M.D., Bernard P. Lane, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sandra L. Miller, M.A. Sandra L. Miller, M.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 5, May 1976, Pages 991–996, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.5.991 Published: 01 May 1976 Article history Received: 30 June 1975 Accepted: 18 November 1975 Published: 01 May 1976
Reply
Authors: Marco Barbanti, Corrado Tamburino, Paola D’Errigo, Marco Ranucci, Francesco Onorati, Remo Daniel Covello, Francesco Santini, Stefano Rosato, Gennaro Santoro, Danilo Fusco, Claudio Grossi, Fulvia Seccareccia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Identification of the novel Kawasaki 2014 GII.17 human norovirus strain in Italy, 2015
Authors: Maria Cristina Medici, Fabio Tummolo, Adriana Calderaro, Maria Chironna, Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco, Simona De Grazia, Maria Cristina Arcangeletti, Flora De Conto, Carlo Chezzi, Vito Martella
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Surveillance of noroviruses in Italy identified the novel GII.17 human norovirus strain, Kawasaki 2014, in February 2015. This novel strain emerged as a major cause of gastroenteritis in Asia during 2014/15, replacing the pandemic GII.4 norovirus strain Sydney 2012, but being reported only sporadically elsewhere. This novel strain is undergoing fast diversification and continuous monitoring is important to understand the evolution of noroviruses and to implement the future strategies on norovirus vaccines.
Influence of preoperative MRI on the surgical management of patients with operable breast cancer
Authors: M. W. Braun, M. Pölcher, S. Schrading, O. Zivanovic, T. Kowalski, U. Flucke, C. Leutner, T. Park - Simon, C. Rudlowski, W. Kuhn, C. K. Christiane Kuhl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

613 Background: To evaluate the impact of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast on the clinical management of patients with operable breast cancer (BC). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 160 patients with operable breast cancer (stages Tis, through T4), who were treated from 2002 through 2004. All patients underwent a full mammographic assessment, high frequency breast ultrasound, and breast MRI. The impact of preoperative MRI was evaluated for each patient with regard to changes in the therapeutic procedure. Patient and tumor characteristics were analysed to identify possible patient subgroups that predominantly benefit from preoperative MRI. Results: Preoperative MRI affected the clinical management in 44 of 160 patients (27.5%). In 30 cases (18.75%) additional in-situ or invasive cancers or a more widespread tumor extent were diagnosed correctly which went undetected by clinical palpation, mammography, and breast ultrasound. In 14 cases (8.75%) additional, surgical procedures were performed based on suspicious MRI findings with benign pathology. Age, menopausal status, breast density, tumor characteristics (type, tumor size, grading), ER-, PR- and HER2- receptor features did not significantly differ between patients in which breast MRI affected the clinical management and patients that experienced no additional information from MRI. Conclusions: Preoperative breast MRI changes surgical management in a considerable amount of patients with operable breast cancer. MRI detects additional invasive carcinoma and proves to be a meaningful supplement to the conventional work-up in the clinical management of breast cancer. This benefit is independent from patients and tumor characteristics. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Clinical Characteristics of Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease in a Tertiary Care Patient Cohort
Authors: Whitney W. Stevens, Anju T. Peters, Leslie C. Grammer, Kathryn E. Hulse, Atsushi Kato, Bruce Tan, Stephanie S. Smith, David B. Conley, Robert C. Kern, Pedro C. Avila, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
From bench to bedside a comprehensive review of pancreatic cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Paul R. Kunk, Todd W. Bauer, Craig L. Slingluff, Osama E. Rahma
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2016)

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been increasing while its 5-year survival rate has not changed in decades. In the era of personalized medicine, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality in a variety of malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. This review will discuss the unique pancreatic tumor microenvironment, including the cells and receptors that transform the pancreas from its normal architecture into a complex mix of suppressor immune cells and dense extracellular matrix that allows for the unrestricted growth of cancer cells. Next, we will highlight the recently completed immunotherapy clinical trials in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we will explore the on-going immunotherapy clinical trials and future directions of this engaging and changing field.
Abstract 363: Toll-Like Receptor 3 Activation Promotes Efficient Nuclear Reprogramming and Endothelial Differentiation
Authors: Nazish Sayed, Jieun Lee, Arwen Hunter, Kin Fai Au, Wing Wong, Edward Mocarski, Renee Reijo Pera, John P Cooke
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Introduction: Stem cell therapy for vascular regeneration has been investigated using embryonic stem cells. We recently generated endothelial cells (ECs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and investigated their potential to promote the perfusion of ischemic tissue in a murine model of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, to utilize iPSCs therapeutically, the cells should be generated via non-integrating approaches to avoid integration of foreign DNA into the genome. Objective: The present study highlights underlying mechanisms of reprogramming and investigates the role of novel pathways in enhancing nuclear reprogramming for potential clinical application. Results: Since the initial discovery, different non-integrating approaches have been developed to generate iPSCs. One such approach is to deliver the pluripotent factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc) as cell-permeant proteins (CPPs). However, human cells have not been reprogrammed using purified CPPs. In seeking to develop this approach, we discovered a striking difference in the pattern of gene expression induced by viral versus protein-based delivery of the reprogramming factors. This suggested that a signaling pathway required for efficient nuclear reprogramming was activated by the retroviral, but not CPP approach. In both gain- and loss-of function studies, we find that activation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays a role in the efficient reprogramming of human cells using viral approaches. Stimulation of TLR3 causes rapid changes in the expression of epigenetic modifiers, with chromatin remodeling and changes in gene expression that favors induction of pluripotency. Importantly, knowing that this pathway is critical, we were able to generate human iPSCs using CPPs by adding a TLR3 agonist (Poly IC) to the reprogramming protocol. Conclusion: Recognition of the role of innate immunity signaling in reprogramming may advance the therapeutic application of iPSCs. We intend to develop an efficient protein-based system to generate EC and determine their therapeutic potential in animal models of PAD. Furthermore, we have discovered an important signaling pathway in reprogramming, which may have implications in cancer biology and regenerative medicine.
Platelet Inhibition With Ticagrelor 60 mg Versus 90 mg Twice Daily in the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Trial
Authors: Robert F. Storey, Dominick J. Angiolillo, Marc P. Bonaca, Mark R. Thomas, Heather M. Judge, Fabiana Rollini, Francesco Franchi, Arif J. Ahsan, Deepak L. Bhatt, Julia F. Kuder, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Marc Cohen, Rangasamy Muthusamy, Eugene Braunwald, Marc S. Sabatine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)

The PEGASUS-TIMI 54 (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin–Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 54) trial studied 2 doses of ticagrelor, 90 mg twice a day (bid) and 60 mg bid, for long-term prevention of ischemic events in patients with prior myocardial infarction. Both doses similarly reduced the rate of ischemic events versus placebo. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ticagrelor 60 mg bid have not been studied. In this study, the authors sought to study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for ticagrelor 60 mg compared with 90 mg bid. A total of 180 patients who received >4 weeks of study medication had blood sampling in the morning pre-maintenance dose and again 2 h post-dose. All patients received aspirin. Plasma levels of ticagrelor and its active metabolite AR-C124910XX were determined. P2Y12 inhibition was assessed by the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay (Accumetrics, Inc., San Diego, California) (P2Y12 reaction units [PRU]), light transmittance aggregometry (adenosine diphosphate 5 and 20 μmol/l and arachidonic acid), and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation assays. VerifyNow Aspirin assays and serum thromboxane B2 measurements were performed. Mean pre- and post-dose plasma levels of ticagrelor were 35% and 38% lower, respectively, with 60 mg versus 90 mg. Both doses achieved high levels of platelet inhibition pre- and post-dose, with numerically slightly more variability with 60 mg: mean (SD) pre-dose PRU values were 59 ± 63 and 47 ± 43 for ticagrelor 60 and 90 mg, respectively (p = 0.34). High platelet reactivity, determined as PRU >208, was rare with the 60-mg pre-dose and was absent post-dose. Platelet reactivity pre- and post-dose, as measured by light transmittance aggregometry or vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein assays, was numerically but not significantly lower with 90 mg than with 60 mg. Aspirin response was not affected by either dose. Ticagrelor 60 mg bid achieved high levels of peak and trough platelet inhibition in nearly all patients, similar to that with 90 mg bid, helping to explain the efficacy of the lower ticagrelor dose in PEGASUS-TIMI 54.
Do biofilms confer a pro-carcinogenic state?
Authors: Christine M. Dejea, Cynthia L. Sears
Journal: Gut Microbes (2016)

It is now widely recognized that a range of human diseases, including obesity, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, is strongly linked to the microbiota. For decades, the microbiota has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Our recent work reveals that the organization of the mucosal microbiota into biofilms marks a subset of human colon cancer. Further, biofilm-positive colon mucosa in the colon cancer host yields an infrequently detected polyamine metabolite, N(1), N(12)-diacetylspermine, that deserves further study to determine its utility as a marker for colon neoplasia.
Hypothyroidism and Cardiac Complications In Thalassemia Major Patients
Authors: Maria Rita Gamberini, Antonella Meloni, Giuseppe Rossi, Giuseppina Secchi, Alfonso D'Ambrosio, Silvia Macchi, Stefano Pulini, Lucia De Franceschi, Antonino Vallone, Massimo Lombardi, Alessia Pepe
Journal: Blood (2013)
Sirolimus is effective in relapsed/refractory autoimmune cytopenias: results of a prospective multi-institutional trial
Authors: Karen L. Bride, Tiffaney Vincent, Kim Smith-Whitley, Michele P. Lambert, Jack J. Bleesing, Alix E. Seif, Catherine S. Manno, James Casper, Stephan A. Grupp, David T. Teachey
Journal: Blood (2015)
Neck Pain, Stiffness, and Periorbital Edema in a Man With Diabetes
Authors: Soumya Chatterjee
Journal: JAMA (2016)

A 61-year-old man with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hypothyroidism presented with neck pain and stiffness and woody induration extending from the nape of his neck. Examination of his heart, lungs, abdomen, and lower extremities was normal, as was serum albumin level. What would you do next?
Fictional depiction of suicide in television films and imitation effects
Authors: A L Berman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Studies of imitative suicide by viewers of fictional depictions of suicide in television films have produced contradictory findings. Using a nationwide sample of cases of suicide, the author found no evidence for increased numbers of suicides after broadcast of three films. However, some support was found for an imitation effect specific to the depiction of a suicide method in one of these films (p less than 0.05). To the extent that fictional presentations of suicide may serve as stimuli for imitative behavior, the effect appears to depend on a complex interaction among characteristics of the stimulus, the observer of that stimulus, and conditions of time and geography.
Effects of an Epoxide Hydrase Inhibitor on In Vitro Binding of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons to DNA and on Skin Carcinogenesis2
Authors: Kurt Bürki, T. A. Stoming, Edward Bresnick
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Effects of an Epoxide Hydrase Inhibitor on In Vitro Binding of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons to DNA and on Skin Carcinogenesis Get access Kurt Bürki, Kurt Bürki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. A. Stoming, T. A. Stoming Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward Bresnick Edward Bresnick 3Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Ga. 30902. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 3, March 1974, Pages 785–788, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.3.785 Published: 01 March 1974 Article history Received: 02 August 1973 Accepted: 23 October 1973 Published: 01 March 1974
Cervical pessary does not prevent preterm births, study shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Inserting a silicon pessary around the cervix does not reduce the risk of early preterm delivery in singleton pregnancies in women with a short cervix at 20 to 24 weeks’ gestation, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows.1

Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal and infant deaths, and cerebral palsy is 10 times more common in children born …
Abstract O.24: Gut Microflora Influences Pathology in the Kawasaki Disease Vasculitis Mouse Model
Authors: Daiko Wakita, Yosuke Kurashima, Yoshihiro Takasato, Youngho Lee, Kenichi Shimada, Shuang Chen, Timothy R Crother, Michael C Fishbein, Thomas J Lehman, Hiroshi Kiyono, Moshe Arditi
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the US. We have demonstrated the critical role of innate immune responses via IL-1R/MyD88 signaling in the Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE)-induced KD mouse model. The diversity and composition of microflora (both bacterial and fungal) have been associated with the regulation and alterations of immune responses and various pathologies. However, the role of gut microbiota in immunopathology of KD has not been investigated. Objective: To evaluate the role of gut microflora in development of coronary arteritis, and vascular abnormalities in KD mouse model. Methods and Results: We investigated the role of gut microflora in the LCWE-induced KD mouse model, using Specific-Pathogen Free (SPF) and Germ Free (GF) mice (C57BL/6). GF mice showed a significant decrease of KD lesions, including coronary arteritis compared with SPF mice. The development of LCWE-induced AAA, which we recently discovered in this mouse model, was also markedly diminished in GF mice. In addition to GF mice, we also investigated the specific role of commensal fungi, and determined whether altered fungal burden in this KD mouse model contributes to disease severity. To deplete fungi in the gut microflora, we exposed pregnant SPF mice and their offspring to fluconazole (antifungal) in their drinking water for 5 wks and induced KD. The fluconazole treated mice had significantly reduced coronary arteritis, and AAA compared to controls. Since Dectin-1 has emerged as a key receptor that recognizes β-1,3-glucans found in the cell wall of nearly all fungi, we next induced KD in Dectin-1 deficient mice. Dectin-1 deficient mice also had significantly reduced KD lesions such as coronary arteritis compared with WT mice. Conclusions: We demonstrate here that gut microflora play a critical role in the development of KD vasculitis in LCWE-induced mouse model. Our results suggest that fungi in the intestinal microbiota may specifically control the induction and severity of KD vasculitis, which may be mediated by Dectin-1. These findings provide a new perspective on the potential role of the microbiome in KD pathogenesis and may offer new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for KD patients.