tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Cooked Meat Meal on Serum Creatinine and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Diabetes-Related Kidney Disease
Authors: Sunil Nair, Sarah V. O’Brien, Katharine Hayden, Bhavna Pandya, Paulo J.G. Lisboa, Kevin J. Hardy, John P.H. Wilding
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Fasting is not routinely recommended for renal function tests, despite the known effects of cooked meat on creatinine. We therefore studied variation in creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after a standardized cooked meat meal in 80 subjects: healthy volunteers and diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1 and 2, 3a, 3b, and 4 (n = 16/group).The interventions were a standardized cooked meat and a nonmeat meal, each providing ∼54 g protein, together with 250 mL water, on separate days. Fasting and postprandial blood samples at 1, 2, and 4 h were drawn for creatinine measurement using a kinetic alkaline picrate assay on an Olympus AU640 analyzer. The modified four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation traceable to isotope dilution mass spectrometry creatinine was used to calculate eGFR.Consumption of a standardized cooked meat meal significantly increased serum creatinine and resulted in significant fall in eGFR in all stages of CKD studied; 6 of 16 CKD 3a patients were misclassified as CKD 3b. This effect of cooked meat on serum creatinine disappears after 12 h of fasting in all study participants.Creatine in meat is converted to creatinine on cooking, which is absorbed, causing significant increases in serum creatinine. This could impact management, as threshold for commencing and withdrawing certain medications and expensive investigations is defined by eGFR. eGFR calculated using fasting serum creatinine would be a better reflection of kidney function in these patients.
Intravaginal immunization with HPV vectors induces tissue-resident CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Nicolas Çuburu, Barney S. Graham, Christopher B. Buck, Rhonda C. Kines, Yuk-Ying S. Pang, Patricia M. Day, Douglas R. Lowy, John T. Schiller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The induction of persistent intraepithelial CD8+ T cell responses may be key to the development of vaccines against mucosally transmitted pathogens, particularly for sexually transmitted diseases. Here we investigated CD8+ T cell responses in the female mouse cervicovaginal mucosa after intravaginal immunization with human papillomavirus vectors (HPV pseudoviruses) that transiently expressed a model antigen, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) M/M2, in cervicovaginal keratinocytes. An HPV intravaginal prime/boost with different HPV serotypes induced 10-fold more cervicovaginal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells than priming alone. Antigen-specific T cell numbers decreased only 2-fold after 6 months. Most genital antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were intra- or subepithelial, expressed αE-integrin CD103, produced IFN-γ and TNF-α, and displayed in vivo cytotoxicity. Using a sphingosine-1-phosphate analog (FTY720), we found that the primed CD8+ T cells proliferated in the cervicovaginal mucosa upon HPV intravaginal boost. Intravaginal HPV prime/boost reduced cervicovaginal viral titers 1,000-fold after intravaginal challenge with vaccinia virus expressing the CD8 epitope M2. In contrast, intramuscular prime/boost with an adenovirus type 5 vector induced a higher level of systemic CD8+ T cells but failed to induce intraepithelial CD103+CD8+ T cells or protect against recombinant vaccinia vaginal challenge. Thus, HPV vectors are attractive gene-delivery platforms for inducing durable intraepithelial cervicovaginal CD8+ T cell responses by promoting local proliferation and retention of primed antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
Impact of renal cadaveric transplantation on survival in end-stage renal failure
Authors: P Schnuelle, D Lorenz, M Trede, F J Van Der Woude
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Despite a superior quality of life and a favorable cost effectiveness, it has not been well established thus far whether renal cadaveric transplantation contributes to superior survival probability of end-stage renal disease patients in Europe, because the mortality rate on dialysis is lower compared with the United States. This analysis was undertaken to compare the mortality of wait-listed patients and transplant recipients during long-term follow-up, including the possibility of a retransplant in a single-center study. The study cohort included 309 consecutive patients, ages 17 to 72 yr, being registered on the waiting list of the Renal Transplantation Center of Mannheim since the initiation of the transplantation program on June 3, 1989. Follow-up was terminated on September 30, 1997, with a mean of 4.15 yr. A total of 144 renal cadaveric transplants (four retransplants) was performed during the follow-up period. A Cox regression model considering the time-dependent exposure to the different therapy modalities was applied for statistical analysis. Patients being removed from the waiting list or coming back to dialysis after transplantation were censored at time of withdrawal or graft failure. Transplantation resulted in a lower hazard ratio, which was 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.15 to 0.87) when the hazard of the wait-listed group was taken as 1.00. The underlying incidence rate of death was 0.026 per patient-year (0.032 on dialysis versus 0.016 with functioning graft). Performing the evaluation on an intention-to-treat basis without censoring the lower risk of the transplanted group was still pronounced according to a hazard ratio of 0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.89). Thus, patients receiving a renal cadaveric transplantation have a substantial survival advantage over corresponding end-stage renal disease patients on the waiting list even in the setting of a single transplantation center where mortality on regular dialysis therapy was comparatively low.
Believing is seeing in schizophrenia: The role of top-down processing
Authors: Duje Tadin, Peiyan Wong, Michael W. Mebane, Michael J. Berkowitz, Hollister Trott, Sohee Park
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

The etiology of visual hallucinations is largely undetermined in schizophrenia. Collerton et al.'s PAD model partly concurs with what we know about neurocognition in schizophrenia, but we need to specify the types of perceptual and attentional abnormalities that are implicated in recurrent complex visual hallucinations (RCVH). Available data suggest that abnormal attentional control and top-down processing play a larger role than the ventral stream deficits.
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Children's Health
Authors: Rebecca J. Scharf, Mark D. DeBoer
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2015)

Temporal trends in the epidemic of childhood obesity have been paralleled by increases in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during childhood. Consumption has increased dramatically over the past several decades in all age ranges, with some moderation over the past 10 years. Evidence from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and interventional studies supports links between SSB consumption in childhood and unhealthy weight gain, as well as other untoward health outcomes. These data have stimulated public health efforts to curtail consumption as a means of improving childhood weight status and related health outcomes. Reducing ready access to SSBs, changing the message environment to which children are exposed, and replacing SSBs with healthier beverages have had moderate success in decreasing SSB consumption and curbing unhealthy weight gain.
A randomised trial in malignant mesothelioma (M) of early (E) versus delayed (D) chemotherapy in symptomatically stable patients: the MED trial
Authors: M.E.R. O'Brien, D. Watkins, C. Ryan, K. Priest, C. Corbishley, A. Norton, S. Ashley, N. Rowell, R. Sayer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
GENIS: gene expression of sodium iodide symporter for noninvasive imaging of gene therapy vectors and quantification of gene expression in vivo
Authors: Kenneth N Barton, Donald Tyson, Hans Stricker, Young S Lew, Gregory Heisey, Sweaty Koul, Alberto de la Zerda, Fang-Fang Yin, Hui Yan, Tavarekere N Nagaraja, Kelly Ann Randall, Guk Kim Jin, Joseph D Fenstermacher, Sissy Jhiang, Jae Ho Kim, Svend O Freytag, Stephen L Brown
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

With the goal of optimizing adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy for prostate cancer, we have developed a method based on the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) that allows for noninvasive monitoring of adenoviral vectors and quantification of gene expression magnitude and volume within the prostate. A replication-competent adenovirus (Ad5-yCD/mutTKSR39rep-hNIS) coexpressing a therapeutic yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD)/mutant herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (mutTKSR39) fusion gene and the hNIS gene was developed. Ad5-yCD/mutTKSR39rep-hNIS and a replication-defective hNIS adenovirus (rAd-CMV-FLhNIS) were injected into contralateral lobes of the dog prostate and hNIS activity was monitored in live animals following administration of Na99mTcO4 using gamma camera scintigraphy. Despite the close proximity of the urinary bladder, 99mTcO4− uptake was readily detected in the prostate using viral dose levels (1010 to 1012 viral particles) that have been safely administered to humans. Due to its rapid clearance and short physical half-life (6 h), it was possible to obtain daily measurements of 99mTcO4− uptake in vivo, allowing for dynamic monitoring of reporter gene expression within the prostate as well as biodistribution throughout the body. High-resolution autoradiography of prostate sections coupled with 3D reconstruction of gene expression demonstrated that the magnitude and volume of gene expression could be quantified with submillimeter resolution. Implementation of the GENIS (gene expression of Na/I symporter) technology in the clinic will facilitate optimization of future human gene therapy trials.
Phase II prospective study with sorafenib in advanced soft tissue sarcomas after anthracycline-based therapy
Authors: A. Santoro, A. Comandone, U. Basso, H. Soto Parra, R. De Sanctis, E. Stroppa, I. Marcon, L. Giordano, F.R. Lutman, A. Boglione, A. Bertuzzi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the severity of virus-induced asthma in children
Authors: AJ Chauhan, Hazel M Inskip, Catherine H Linaker, Sandra Smith, Jacqueline Schreiber, Sebastian L Johnston, Stephen T Holgate
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

A link between exposure to the air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and respiratory disease has been suggested. Viral infections are the major cause of asthma exacerbations. We aimed to assess whether there is a relation between NO2 exposure and the severity of asthma exacerbations caused by proven respiratory viral infections in children.
Greater glycosaminoglycan content in human patellar tendon biopsies is associated with more pain and a lower VISA score
Authors: Mohamed Attia, Alexander Scott, Gilles Carpentier, Øystein Lian, Toin Van Kuppevelt, Camille Gossard, Dulce Papy-Garcia, Marie-Claude Tassoni, Isabelle Martelly
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background People with patellar tendinopathy experience chronic pain and activity limitation, but a pertinent biochemical marker correlated with these clinical features has not been identified. The Victoria Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) questionnaire is a condition-specific patient-rated outcome measure. Since the quantity of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) increases with advancing tendon pathology, we hypothesised that there would be a correlation between the quantity of GAGs in the patellar tendon and the VISA score. Methods Tissue biopsies from athletes with chronic patellar tendinopathy (confirmed by clinical examination and MRI) were recruited (n=7), as well as controls with no history of knee pain (n=4). The quantity of sulphated GAGs in the human patellar tendons was determined with a dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) assay; this method was first validated with rat tendon tissue. The extent and distribution of GAG species and proteoglycans (decorin, versican and aggrecan) in the human tendon biopsies were examined using immunohistochemistry. Results Greater sulphated GAG content of the patellar tendon was correlated with the greater tendon dysfunction (R 2 =0.798). The quantity of aggrecan in the tendon, a chondroitin sulphate-rich proteoglycan, also increased with advancing tendon pathology. Conclusions Increased GAGs in the pathological human patellar tendon are related to a worse clinical status. These findings indicate that the VISA score reflects the extent of tendon tissue pathology.
Pellagra associated with amyloidosis secondary to multiple myeloma
Authors: A. Itami, I. Ando, A. Kukita, K. Nagai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Pellagra associated with amyloidosis secondary to multiple myeloma Get access A. Itami, A. Itami Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Ando, I. Ando Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Kukita, A. Kukita Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Nagai K. Nagai Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 5, 1 November 1997, Pages 829–830, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01133.x Published: 01 November 1997
Relation of cardiac surface QRST distributions to ventricular fibrillation threshold in dogs.
Authors: I Kubota, R L Lux, M J Burgess, J A Abildskov
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The relation between ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) and cardiac surface QRST area distributions was studied in eight pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Unipolar epicardial electrograms were recorded from 64 sites evenly distributed on the right and left ventricles. Localized areas of short repolarization properties were produced by directing five intensities of light onto the surface of the anterior right ventricle through apertures of three sizes. VFT, measured at the center of the lesion, decreased during warming and had a high negative correlation to the change (warming-control) in QRST area (delta QRST1) in the electrogram recorded from the center of the lesion. This correlation was independent of lesion size. For the six experiments, the correlation coefficients for 400-, 800-, and 1,600-mm2 lesions averaged -0.95, -0.94, and -0.96, respectively. The correlation between VFT and delta QRST1 without regard to lesion size averaged -0.88. VFT also had a negative correlation to root mean square (RMS)delta QRST because of warming. RMS delta QRST was calculated from the change in QRST areas (warming-control) in all 64 electrograms. The correlation between VFT and RMS delta QRST was dependent on lesion size. For all experiments, the correlation between VFT and RMS delta QRST averaged -0.97, -0.93, and -0.93 for 400-, 800-, and 1,600-mm2 lesions, respectively. The correlation between VFT and RMS delta QRST without regard to lesion size, however, was considerably lower, -0.59. The results of this study provide the first direct evidence that VFT is correlated with cardiac surface QRST area distributions.
Amifostine, cisplatin, and vinblastine in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a report of high response rates and prolonged survival.
Authors: J H Schiller, B Storer, J Berlin, J Wittenkeller, M Larson, L Pharo, M Larson, W Berry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE Based on preclinical and clinical studies that suggested amifostine may potentiate the effects of cytotoxic drugs, we conducted a phase II trial of amifostine, cisplatin, and vinblastine (ACV) in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with metastatic NSCLC received amifostine (740 or 910 mg/m2) before 120 mg/m2 of cisplatin on day 1, plus weekly 5 mg/m2 of vinblastine without amifostine. Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks. Patients were required to have good performance status, no prior chemotherapy or biologic therapy, adequate organ function, and measurable disease. RESULTS Sixteen of 25 assessable patients had an objective response documented by computed tomographic (CT) scan (64%; 95% confidence interval, 45% to 85%). With a median duration of follow-up of 19.2 months, the estimated median survival is 17 months and 1-year survival is 64% (+/- 10%). Toxicities included grades 3 and 4 neutropenia (8% and 92%, respectively) and nausea and vomiting (32% and 4%, respectively). Reversible grade 3 nephrotoxicity occurred in 12% of patients, although only one of 13 patients (7%) who received &gt; or = four cycles of therapy had &gt; or = 40% reduction in creatinine clearance. Grade 3 neuropathy was observed in seven patients at cumulative cisplatin doses that ranged from 324 to 660 mg/m2; grade 3 ototoxicity occurred in three patients at cumulative cisplatin doses that ranged from 390 to 450 mg/m2. Four patients (16%) required early stopping of an amifostine infusion due to hypotension. CONCLUSION ACV appears to be a highly active regimen in metastatic NSCLC. Acute toxicities were generally reversible and the data suggest that amifostine may protect against long-term renal insufficiency from cumulative doses of cisplatin. Although the sample size of this trial is small, the results are significantly encouraging to warrant confirmation in randomized multiinstitutional trials.
Clinical and endoscopic predictors of cytological dysplasia or cancer in a prospective multicentre study of large sessile serrated adenomas/polyps
Authors: Nicholas G Burgess, Maria Pellise, Kavinderjit S Nanda, Luke F Hourigan, Simon A Zanati, Gregor J Brown, Rajvinder Singh, Stephen J Williams, Spiro C Raftopoulos, Donald Ormonde, Alan Moss, Karen Byth, Heok P'Ng, Duncan McLeod, Michael J Bourke
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> The serrated neoplasia pathway accounts for up to 30% of all sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs). Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) with cytological dysplasia (SSA/P-D) are a high-risk serrated CRC precursor with little existing data. We aimed to describe the clinical and endoscopic predictors of SSA/P-D and high grade dysplasia (HGD) or cancer. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective multicentre data of SSA/Ps ≥20 mm referred for treatment by endoscopic mucosal resection (September 2008–July 2013) were analysed. Imaging and lesion assessment was standardised. Histological findings were correlated with clinical and endoscopic findings. <h3>Results</h3> 268 SSA/Ps were found in 207/1546 patients (13.4%). SSA/P-D comprised 32.4% of SSA/Ps ≥20 mm. Cancer occurred in 3.9%. On multivariable analysis, SSA/P-D was associated with increasing age (OR=1.69 per decade; 95% CI (1.19 to 2.40), p0.004) and increasing lesion size (OR=1.90 per 10 mm; 95% CI (1.30 to 2.78), p0.001), an 'adenomatous' pit pattern (Kudo III, IV or V) (OR=3.98; 95% CI (1.94 to 8.15), p&lt;0.001) and any 0-Is component within a SSA/P (OR=3.10; 95% CI (1.19 to 8.12) p0.021). Conventional type dysplasia was more likely to exhibit an adenomatous pit pattern than serrated dysplasia. HGD or cancer was present in 7.2% and on multivariable analysis, was associated with increasing age (OR=2.0 per decade; 95% CI 1.13 to 3.56) p0.017) and any Paris 0-Is component (OR=10.2; 95% CI 3.18 to 32.4, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Simple assessment tools allow endoscopists to predict SSA/P-D or HGD/cancer in SSA/Ps ≥20 mm. Correct prediction is limited by failure to recognise SSA/P-D which may mimic conventional adenoma. Understanding the concept of SSA/P-D and the pitfalls of SSA/P assessment may improve detection, recognition and resection and potentially reduce interval cancer. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT01368289.
INTERACTION OF CHOLERA TOXIN AND TOXIN DERIVATIVES WITH LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: J. Holmgren, L. Lindholm, I. Lönnroth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

The interaction of cholera toxin and a number of toxin derivatives, containing different proportions of light and heavy toxin-composing subunits (L and H), with mouse lymphocytes was studied. Experiments with [(125)I]toxin showed that a single cell can rapidly, within minutes, bind up to 40,000 molecules of toxin, the association constant was estimated to 7 +/- 4 x 10(8) liters/mol, and binding was found to be very similar at 37 degrees C and 5 degrees C. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that the toxin attachment is located on the cell surface, and that purified L subunit but not H subunit binds to the cells. A natural cholera toxoid, built up by aggregated L subunits, showed almost identical binding properties as toxin to the cells. Pure G(M1) ganglioside, the proposed membrane receptor structure for toxin, prevented entirely the cellular binding of both toxin and toxoid. Cholera toxin in concentrations down to approximately 5 x 10(-11) mol/liter (corresponding to 10 bound molecules/cell) inhibited thymus cells from being stimulated to DNA synthesis by concanavalin A (con A), and spleen cells from such stimulation by phytohemagglutinin. The G(M1) ganglioside but not a series of other pure structurally related gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids neutralized this toxin activity. Toxin derivatives which, in similarity with toxin, possessed H as well as L subunits but in other proportions, were potent inhibitors of con A-induced thymocyte stimulation, whereas the natural toxoid (aggregated L subunits), purified toxin L subunit and purified toxin H subunit were up to 300-fold less active on a weight basis. The capacity of cholera proteins to inhibit con A-induced thymocyte stimulation correlated well with their activity in the rabbit intradermal toxicity assay. The inhibitory action of cholera toxin on con A-induced thymocyte stimulation did not depend on decreased cell viability from the toxin treatment, nor was it caused by a reaction between toxin and con A. [(125)I]con A bound equally well to the cells when toxin was present as when it was absent, which proves that the toxin did not compete for cellular con A receptors. Nor did the toxin seem to disturb the general mobility of membrane receptors or their ability to accumulate in caps. It is concluded that the L type of subunit confers rapid and firm binding of cholera toxin to lymphocyte membranes, probably to G(M1) ganglioside receptors. For biologic activity the additional presence of H subunit is important. One manifestation of toxin action on lymphocytes is inhibition of lectin-induced DNA synthesis; probably this effect relates to the ability of cholera toxin to raise the levels of intracellular cyclic 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate.