tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Slc35d3 gene, encoding an orphan nucleotide sugar transporter, regulates platelet-dense granules
Authors: Sreenivasulu Chintala, Jian Tan, Rashi Gautam, Michael E. Rusiniak, Xiaoli Guo, Wei Li, William A. Gahl, Marjan Huizing, Richard A. Spritz, Saunie Hutton, Edward K. Novak, Richard T. Swank
Journal: Blood (2006)
Common Etiological Factors of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Therese Ljung, Qi Chen, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik Larsson
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

The prevention of suicidal behavior is one of the most important tasks for mental health clinicians. Although a few studies have indicated an increased risk of suicidal behavior among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the development of more effective ways of identifying and modifying the risk is hampered by our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms for this association.To explore whether attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and suicidal behavior share genetic and environmental risk factors.Matched cohort design across different levels of family relatedness recorded from January 1, 1987, to December 31, 2009. We identified 51 707 patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (through patient and prescribed drug registers) in Sweden and their relatives by linking longitudinal population-based registers. Control participants were matched 1:5 on sex and birth year.Any record of suicide attempt or completed suicide defined by discharge diagnoses of the International Classification of Diseases.Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (probands) had increased risks of attempted and completed suicide, even after adjusting for comorbid psychiatric disorders (odds ratio [OR] = 3.62 [95% CI, 3.29-3.98] and 5.91 [95% CI, 2.45-14.27], respectively). The highest familial risk was observed among first-degree relatives (attempted suicide: OR = 2.42 [95% CI, 2.36-2.49] among parents of probands with ADHD and OR = 2.28 [95% CI, 2.17-2.40] among full siblings of probands with ADHD; completed suicide: OR = 2.24 [95% CI, 2.06-2.43] and OR = 2.23 [1.83-2.73], respectively), whereas the risk was considerably lower among more genetically distant relatives (attempted suicide: OR = 1.59 [95% CI, 1.47-1.73] among maternal half siblings, OR = 1.57 [95% CI, 1.45-1.70] among paternal half siblings, and OR = 1.39 [95% CI, 1.35-1.43] among cousins; completed suicide: OR = 1.51 [95% CI, 1.08-2.10], OR = 2.02 [95% CI, 1.47-2.79], and OR = 1.51 [95% CI, 1.36-1.67], respectively). These familial aggregation patterns remained similar across sex, after excluding relatives with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and probands with suicidal behavior, and after excluding probands and relatives with severe comorbid disorders.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with an increased risk of both attempted and completed suicide. The pattern of familial risks across different levels of relatedness suggests that shared genetic factors are important for this association. This is an important first step toward identifying the underlying mechanisms for the risk of suicidal behavior in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and suggests that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their family members are important targets for suicide prevention and treatment.
Worldwide Interest in Global Access to Drugs
Authors: H. David Banta
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
mTOR Complex Component Rictor Interacts with PKCζ and Regulates Cancer Cell Metastasis
Authors: Fei Zhang, Xiaofang Zhang, Menghui Li, Peng Chen, Bin Zhang, Hua Guo, Wenfeng Cao, Xiying Wei, Xuchen Cao, Xishan Hao, Ning Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGF) mediates breast cancer cell chemotaxis and metastasis through mechanisms that involve the growth-regulatory mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex mTORC2, but the mechanisms involved remain obscure. Here, we report that the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC2 component protein Rictor is a critical mediator of metastasis in breast cancer cells. In patients with ductal carcinoma, Rictor expression was associated with increased lymph node metastasis. EGF induced translocation and colocalization of Rictor with protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ), a pivotal molecule in chemotaxis signaling. Further, Rictor coimmunoprecipitated with PKCζ in the absence of the mTORC2 complex. Small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of Rictor inhibited EGF-induced PKCζ phosphorylation and translocation along with phosphorylation of the key F-actin binding protein cofilin. In parallel, Rictor knockdown reduced cellular chemotactic capacity and ablated pulmonary metastasis in a xenograft mouse model of breast cancer. Our findings identify Rictor as an important mediator of chemotaxis and metastasis in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9360–70. ©2010 AACR.
HERMES criteria for accreditation of European Training Centres: overcoming challenges of accreditation
Authors: R. Loddenkemper, T. Severin, S. Mitchell, P. Palange
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Accreditation has been defined as a process whereby a professional association or nongovernmental agency grants recognition to a school or healthcare institution for demonstrated ability to meet predetermined criteria for established standards 1

Accreditation within the medical arena is longstanding throughout history. In 1910, the Joint Commission was established with the primary mission of continuously improving healthcare for the public by evaluating healthcare organisations and inspiring them to excel in providing safe and effective treatment of the highest quality and value. In the past 100 years, accreditation has extended to medical education and more specifically the implementation of standards in the training of medical specialists. This article focuses on the accreditation of training centres in adult respiratory medicine.

The foundation of the EU directive 75/362/ECC in 1975 produced guidelines for medical training institutions across Europe which was believed would open access to the job market for European specialists in respiratory medicine while also producing documentation for training institutions to follow in order to achieve high-quality education. The implementation of such standards has by no means mirrored the reality of medical training of respiratory specialists in Europe today. Stark differences exist in the training duration, the sitting of exit examinations and accreditation of training centres 2. Consequently, despite such regulations, mobility across Europe continues to be a challenge for some doctors. Considering the unsystematic process of respiratory medicine training across Europe, there is most certainly scope to improve quality in patient care and to fortify adult respiratory medicine.

HERMES (Harmonising education in respiratory medicine for European specialists), is an initiative which responded to Europe's need to regulate education in respiratory medicine and ensure raising quality in adult respiratory care. A specialist Task Force representing 13 countries in Europe has worked prolifically since 2005 to support this educational mission for reform. …
Singular Case of Placenta Praevia: Immense Accumulation of Hydatids in the Uterus: Absence of F tus
Authors: R. W. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1857)

tibia-four fractures, three consoliclatedl.,, fibula-two fractures.second metatarsal bone-one fracture.Left scapnula-one fracture.,, clavicle-one fracture. ,,humerus-three fractures, two consolidated.ulna-two fractures, one consolidated. ,,fifth metatarsal bone-one fracture.,, femur-four consolidated fractures. ,,tibia-five fractures, four consolidated.fibula-two fractures.The union of the fractures is mentioned where it was found.A fourth example, related with less attention to detail, is
Hemofiltration and Hemodiafiltration Reduce Intradialytic Hypotension in ESRD
Authors: Francesco Locatelli, Paolo Altieri, Simeone Andrulli, Piergiorgio Bolasco, Giovanna Sau, Luciano A. Pedrini, Carlo Basile, Salvatore David, Mariano Feriani, Giovanni Montagna, Biagio Raffaele Di Iorio, Bruno Memoli, Raffaella Cravero, Giovanni Battaglia, Carmine Zoccali
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Symptomatic intradialytic hypotension is a common complication of hemodialysis (HD). The application of convective therapies to the outpatient setting may improve outcomes, including intradialytic hypotension. In this multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled study, we randomly assigned 146 long-term dialysis patients to HD (n = 70), online predilution hemofiltration (HF; n = 36), or online predilution hemodiafiltration (HDF; n = 40). The primary end point was the frequency of intradialytic symptomatic hypotension (ISH). Compared with the run-in period, the frequency of sessions with ISH during the evaluation period increased for HD (7.1 to 7.9%) and decreased for both HF (9.8 to 8.0%) and HDF (10.6 to 5.2%) (P < 0.001). Mean predialysis systolic BP increased by 4.2 mmHg among those who were assigned to HDF compared with decreases of 0.6 and 1.8 mmHg among those who were assigned to HD and HF, respectively (P = 0.038). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated significant risk reductions in ISH for both HF (odds ratio 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.92) and HDF (odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.63). There was a trend toward higher dropout for those who were assigned to HF (P = 0.107). In conclusion, compared with conventional HD, convective therapies (HDF and HF) reduce ISH in long-term dialysis patients.
The Internship Imbalance in Professional Psychology: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Robert L. Hatcher
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2013)

The internship is an essential part of doctoral training in professional psychology. Most students access internships through the annual match sponsored by the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC). For two decades the match has seen an increasing shortfall of internship positions relative to applicants, exceeding 650 unmatched clinical students as of 2013. Efforts to solve this problem have not met appreciable success. This review discusses the structure of the internship placement process, including and beyond the APPIC match, and identifies the reasons for the failed efforts, which lie principally in the varied standards for an acceptable internship among doctoral programs. Efforts to establish a common standard and the need for a governance structure to enforce whatever standard is agreed upon are discussed. Projections for the future of the placement process and the imbalance are sketched, and links to other issues in the field are briefly reviewed.
Establishment of a Cisplatin-Resistant Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Y Kikuchi, M Miyauchi, I Kizawa, K Oomori, K Kato
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

A cisplatin-resistant cell line was established by use of KF-1 cells derived from human serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. This resistant cell line, designated "KFr," was capable of proliferating in the presence of 1.0 micrograms cisplatin/ml. It had doubling times of 24.8 and 27.2 hours in the presence of 0.5 and 1.0 micrograms cisplatin/ml, respectively. The KFr cells had lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities about fourfold higher than those of the parent KF-1 cells. Analysis of the isozymes of the KFr cells revealed that they had a faint LDH-3 band in addition to LDH-4, the only stained band in the parent KF-1 cells. The morphologic characteristics of the KFr cells were an enlarged nucleus and prominent nucleoli, unlike the nucleus and nucleoli of the parent KF-1 cells. The degree of resistance to cisplatin of the KFr cells was about twenty-fold higher than that of the KF-1 cells, with regard to the concentrations of cisplatin required for 50% inhibition of cell proliferation. However, when 5 microM calmodulin antagonists [N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide or N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide] were added in the presence of concentrations of cisplatin that hardly inhibited cell proliferation, the KFr cell proliferation was markedly inhibited. These results suggest that cisplatin resistance can be overcome by calmodulin antagonists.
Prospective Estimation of Recombination Signal Efficiency and Identification of Functional Cryptic Signals in the Genome by Statistical Modeling
Authors: Lindsay G. Cowell, Marco Davila, Kaiyong Yang, Thomas B. Kepler, Garnett Kelsoe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

The recombination signals (RS) that guide V(D)J recombination are phylogenetically conserved but retain a surprising degree of sequence variability, especially in the nonamer and spacer. To characterize RS variability, we computed the position-wise information, a measure correlated with sequence conservation, for each nucleotide position in an RS alignment and demonstrate that most position-wise information is present in the RS heptamers and nonamers. We have previously demonstrated significant correlations between RS positions and here show that statistical models of the correlation structure that underlies RS variability efficiently identify physiologic and cryptic RS and accurately predict the recombination efficiencies of natural and synthetic RS. In scans of mouse and human genomes, these models identify a highly conserved family of repetitive DNA as an unexpected source of frequent, cryptic RS that rearrange both in extrachromosomal substrates and in their genomic context.
Fungal Infections Associated with Contaminated Methylprednisolone Injections
Authors: Rachel M. Smith, Melissa K. Schaefer, Marion A. Kainer, Matthew Wise, Jennie Finks, Joan Duwve, Elizabeth Fontaine, Alvina Chu, Barbara Carothers, Amy Reilly, Jay Fiedler, Andrew D. Wiese, Christine Feaster, Lex Gibson, Stephanie Griese, Anne Purfield, Angela A. Cleveland, Kaitlin Benedict, Julie R. Harris, Mary E. Brandt, Dianna Blau, John Jernigan, J. Todd Weber, Benjamin J. Park
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Fungal infections are rare complications of injections for treatment of chronic pain. In September 2012, we initiated an investigation into fungal infections associated with injections of preservative-free methylprednisolone acetate that was purchased from a single compounding pharmacy.Three lots of methylprednisolone acetate were recalled by the pharmacy; examination of unopened vials later revealed fungus. Notification of all persons potentially exposed to implicated methylprednisolone acetate was conducted by federal, state, and local public health officials and by staff at clinical facilities that administered the drug. We collected clinical data on standardized case-report forms, and we tested for the presence of fungi in isolates and specimens by examining cultures and performing polymerase-chain-reaction assays and histopathological and immunohistochemical testing.By October 19, 2012, more than 99% of 13,534 potentially exposed persons had been contacted. As of July 1, 2013, there were 749 reported cases of infection in 20 states, with 61 deaths (8%). Laboratory evidence of Exserohilum rostratum was present in specimens from 153 case patients (20%). Additional data were available for 728 case patients (97%); 229 of these patients (31%) had meningitis with no other documented infection. Case patients had received a median of 1 injection (range, 1 to 6) of implicated methylprednisolone acetate. The median age of the patients was 64 years (range, 15 to 97), and the median incubation period (the number of days from the last injection to the date of the first diagnosis) was 47 days (range, 0 to 249); 40 patients (5%) had a stroke.Analysis of data from a large, multistate outbreak of fungal infections showed substantial morbidity and mortality. The infections were associated with injection of a contaminated glucocorticoid medication from a single compounding pharmacy. Rapid public health actions included prompt recall of the implicated product, notification of exposed persons, and early outreach to clinicians.
Alpha-enolase promotes cell glycolysis, growth, migration, and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer through FAK-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Qiao-Fen Fu, Yan Liu, Yue Fan, Sheng-Ni Hua, Hong-Ying Qu, Su-Wei Dong, Rui-Lei Li, Meng-Yang Zhao, Yan Zhen, Xiao-Li Yu, Yi-Yu Chen, Rong-Cheng Luo, Rong Li, Li-Bo Li, Xiao-Jie Deng, Wei-Yi Fang, Zhen Liu, Xin Song
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

During tumor formation and expansion, increasing glucose metabolism is necessary for unrestricted growth of tumor cells. Expression of key glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (ENO1) is controversial and its modulatory mechanisms are still unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).The expression of ENO1 was examined in NSCLC and non-cancerous lung tissues, NSCLC cell lines, and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell (HBE) by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot, respectively. The effects and modulatory mechanisms of ENO1 on cell glycolysis, growth, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice were also analyzed.ENO1 expression was increased in NSCLC tissues in comparison to non-cancerous lung tissues. Similarly, NSCLC cell lines A549 and SPCA-1 also express higher ENO1 than HBE cell line in both mRNA and protein levels. Overexpressed ENO1 significantly elevated NSCLC cell glycolysis, proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo by regulating the expression of glycolysis, cell cycle, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes. Conversely, ENO1 knockdown reversed these effects. More importantly, our further study revealed that stably upregulated ENO1 activated FAK/PI3K/AKT and its downstream signals to regulate the glycolysis, cell cycle, and EMT-associated genes.This study showed that ENO1 is responsible for NSCLC proliferation and metastasis; thus, ENO1 might serve as a potential molecular therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
Defective insulin secretion and increased susceptibility to experimental diabetes are induced by reduced Akt activity in pancreatic islet β cells
Authors: Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi, Szabolcs Fatrai, James D. Johnson, Mitsuru Ohsugi, Kenichi Otani, Zhiqiang Han, Kenneth S. Polonsky, M. Alan Permutt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The insulin and IGF signaling pathways are critical for development and maintenance of pancreatic β cell mass and function. The serine-threonine kinase Akt is one of several mediators regulated by these pathways. We have studied the role of Akt in pancreatic β cell physiology by generating transgenic mice expressing a kinase-dead mutant of this enzyme in β cells. Reduction of Akt activity in transgenic animals resulted in impaired glucose tolerance due to defective insulin secretion. The mechanisms involved in dysregulation of secretion in these mice lie at the level of insulin exocytosis and are not the result of abnormalities in glucose signaling or function of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Therefore, transgenic mice showed increased susceptibility to developing glucose intolerance and diabetes following fat feeding. These observations suggest that Akt plays a novel and important role in the regulation of distal components of the secretory pathway and that this enzyme represents a therapeutic target for improvement of β cell function in diabetes.
Differential heat shock protein overexpression and its clinical relevance in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: V B Dhillon, S McCallum, P Norton, B M Twomey, F Erkeller-Yuksel, P Lydyard, D A Isenberg, D S Latchman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To determine which heat shock proteins (hsps) are overexpressed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to examine the relevance of these findings to clinical disease activity. METHODS--Hsp levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with SLE and normal controls were measured. Levels were analysed with respect to detailed clinical activity scores. Other hsps were also quantified in 30-50% of these samples. RESULTS--There was significant increase of the 90 kilodalton heat shock protein (hsp90) in patients with SLE and active neuropsychiatric (p &lt; 0.005) and cardiorespiratory (p &lt; 0.01) disease. There was also significant increase of the inducible 72 kilodalton member (hsp72), but not the constitutive 73 kilodalton member (hsp73) of the hsp70 family, and no increase of the 60 kilodalton hsp (hsp60) was seen in patients compared with controls. There was no association of hsp72 with disease activity, and no correlation between hsp90 and hsp72 levels was seen in individual patients. CONCLUSION--There may a specific role for hsp90 in distinct, clinically active subsets of patients with SLE.