tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dose–Response Relationship Between Physical Activity and Risk of Heart Failure
Authors: Ambarish Pandey, Sushil Garg, Monica Khunger, Douglas Darden, Colby Ayers, Dharam J. Kumbhani, Helen G. Mayo, James A. de Lemos, Jarett D. Berry
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Prior studies have reported an inverse association between physical activity (PA) and risk of heart failure (HF). However, a comprehensive assessment of the quantitative dose-response association between PA and HF risk has not been reported previously.Prospective cohort studies with participants >18 years of age that reported association of baseline PA levels and incident HF were included. Categorical dose-response relationships between PA and HF risk were assessed with random-effects models. Generalized least-squares regression models were used to assess the quantitative relationship between PA (metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/wk) and HF risk across studies reporting quantitative PA estimates. Twelve prospective cohort studies with 20 203 HF events among 370 460 participants (53.5% women; median follow-up, 13 years) were included. The highest levels of PA were associated with significantly reduced risk of HF (pooled hazard ratio for highest versus lowest PA, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.73). Compared with participants reporting no leisure-time PA, those who engaged in guideline-recommended minimum levels of PA (500 MET-min/wk; 2008 US federal guidelines) had modest reductions in HF risk (pooled hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.92). In contrast, a substantial risk reduction was observed among individuals who engaged in PA at twice (hazard ratio for 1000 MET-min/wk, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.86) and 4 times (hazard ratio for 2000 MET-min/wk, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.73) the minimum guideline-recommended levels.There is an inverse dose-response relationship between PA and HF risk. Doses of PA in excess of the guideline-recommended minimum PA levels may be required for more substantial reductions in HF risk.
CD10−MUM1+ follicular lymphoma lacks BCL2 gene translocation and shows characteristic biologic and clinical features
Authors: Kennosuke Karube, Ying Guo, Junji Suzumiya, Yasuo Sugita, Yuko Nomura, Kohei Yamamoto, Kei Shimizu, Shirou Yoshida, Hideki Komatani, Morishige Takeshita, Masahiro Kikuchi, Naoya Nakamura, Osamu Takasu, Fumiko Arakawa, Hiroyuki Tagawa, Masao Seto, Koichi Ohshima
Journal: Blood (2006)
Effect of Theophylline on Induced Sputum Inflammatory Indices and Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Sarah V. Culpitt, Carmen de Matos, Richard E. Russell, Louise E. Donnelly, Duncan F. Rogers, Peter J. Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a neutrophilic airway inflammation that can be demonstrated by examination of induced sputum. Theophylline has antiinflammatory effects in asthma, and in the present study we investigated whether a similar effect occurs in COPD patients treated with low doses of theophylline. Twenty-five patients with COPD were treated with theophylline (plasma level of 9–11 mg/L) for 4 weeks in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind crossover study. Theophylline was well tolerated. Induced sputum inflammatory cells, neutrophils, interleukin-8, myeloperoxidase, and lactoferrin were all significantly reduced by about 22% by theophylline. Neutrophils from subjects treated with theophylline showed reduced chemotaxis to N-formyl-met-leu-phe (∼ 28%) and interleukin-8 (∼ 60%). Neutrophils from a healthy donor showed reduced chemotaxis (∼ 30%) to induced sputum samples obtained during theophylline treatment. These results suggest that theophylline has antiinflammatory properties that may be useful in the long-term treatment of COPD.
Rituximab as second-line treatment for adult immune thrombocytopenia (the RITP trial): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Waleed Ghanima, Abderrahim Khelif, Anders Waage, Marc Michel, Geir E Tjønnfjord, Neila Ben Romdhan, Johannes Kahrs, Bernadette Darne, Pål Andrè Holme
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
STUDIES ON PLANT HYPERTENSINASE
Authors: Frank Gollan, Evelyn Richardson, Harry Goldblatt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

Many plants contain an enzyme similar in most biological properties to the hypertensinase obtained from blood and some animal tissues, notably kidney and intestinal mucosa. Wheat bran is a rich source of the plant hypertensinase, and from it a potent, non-toxic preparation was made by the use of isoelectric and ammonium sulfate precipitation as the means of purification. Hypertensinase derived from bran and administered intramuscularly was not absorbed, or was absorbed only very slowly, into the blood plasma. Repeated intramuscular injection of large quantities of plant hypertensinase did not reduce the blood pressure of dogs with experimental renal hypertension. The intravenous injection of large quantities of plant hypertensinase into dogs resulted in an immediate increase in the content of hypertensinase in the plasma. Dogs with a high hypertensinase level in the plasma failed to react, or reacted much less markedly to the intravenous injection of amounts of renin or hypertensin which had previously proved effective. The slow intravenous injection of plant hypertensinase into a dog with experimental renal hypertension reduced the blood pressure to the normal level for the period during which the concentration of plant hypertensinase in the blood was considerably elevated. After the return of the hypertensinase of the plasma to normal, the blood pressure rose again to its previously high level. Inactivated plant hypertensinase did not increase the hypertensinase content of the plasma, did not interfere with the action of renin and hypertensin, and did not reduce the high blood pressure of dogs with experimental renal hypertension. In a dog with an increased level of plasma hypertensinase, the pressor substance hypertensin could still be detected in the systemic blood immediately after the intravenous injection of renin in an amount to which the animal responded with only a slight rise in blood pressure.
Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus
Authors: D. Bresters, H.W. Reesink, C.L. van der Poel, D. Bresters, H.W. Reesink, H.T.M. Cuypers, P.N. Lelie, E.P. Mauser-Bunschoten, G. Roosendaal, H.M. van den Berg, R.A.F.M. Chamuleau, P.L.M. Jansen, C.J. Weegink
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
Increasing Colon Cancer Screening in Primary Care Among African Americans
Authors: R. E. Myers, R. Sifri, C. Daskalakis, M. DiCarlo, P. R. Geethakumari, J. Cocroft, C. Minnick, N. Brisbon, S. W. Vernon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

The study aimed to determine the effect of preference-based tailored navigation on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening adherence and related outcomes among African Americans (AAs). We conducted a randomized controlled trial that included 764 AA patients who were age 50 to 75 years, were eligible for CRC screening, and had received care through primary care practices in Philadelphia. Consented patients completed a baseline telephone survey and were randomized to either a Standard Intervention (SI) group (n = 380) or a Tailored Navigation Intervention (TNI) group (n = 384). The SI group received a mailed stool blood test kit plus colonoscopy instructions, and a reminder. The TNI group received tailored navigation (a mailed stool blood test kit or colonoscopy instructions based on preference, plus telephone navigation) and a reminder. A six-month survey and a 12-month medical records review were completed to assess screening adherence, change in overall screening preference, and perceptions about screening. Multivariable analyses were performed to assess intervention impact on outcomes. At six months, adherence in the TNI group was statistically significantly higher than in the SI group (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.5 to 2.9). Positive change in overall screening preference was also statistically significantly greater in the TNI group compared with the SI group (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.3). There were no statistically significant differences in perceptions about screening between the study groups. Tailored navigation in primary care is a promising approach for increasing CRC screening among AAs. Research is needed to determine how to maximize intervention effects and to test intervention impact on race-related disparities in mortality and survival.
Volatile Anesthetics and AKI
Authors: Kyota Fukazawa, H. Thomas Lee
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

AKI is a major clinical problem with extremely high mortality and morbidity. Kidney hypoxia or ischemia-reperfusion injury inevitably occurs during surgery involving renal or aortic vascular occlusion and is one of the leading causes of perioperative AKI. Despite the growing incidence and tremendous clinical and financial burden of AKI, there is currently no effective therapy for this condition. The pathophysiology of AKI is orchestrated by renal tubular and endothelial cell necrosis and apoptosis, leukocyte infiltration, and the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Effective management strategies require multimodal inhibition of these injury processes. Despite the past theoretical concerns about the nephrotoxic effects of several clinically utilized volatile anesthetics, recent studies suggest that modern halogenated volatile anesthetics induce potent anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, and antiapoptotic effects that protect against ischemic AKI. Therefore, the renal protective properties of volatile anesthetics may provide clinically useful therapeutic intervention to treat and/or prevent perioperative AKI. In this review, we outline the history of volatile anesthetics and their effect on kidney function, briefly review the studies on volatile anesthetic-induced renal protection, and summarize the basic cellular mechanisms of volatile anesthetic-mediated protection against ischemic AKI.
A 12 year follow up study in the general population on prognostic factors of cartilage loss in osteoarthritis of the knee.
Authors: J S Schouten, F A van den Ouweland, H A Valkenburg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The natural history and prognostic factors of cartilage loss in osteoarthritis of the knee were studied in subjects from a general population survey on rheumatic diseases in 1975-8. Baseline data were collected by questionnaire, physical examination, and weightbearing anteroposterior knee radiographs. Follow up of the subjects aged 46-68 years with radiological osteoarthritis grade 2-4 (Kellgren) took place in 1988-9. Cartilage loss was assessed by two observers who scored the change in joint space width between two radiographs. Thirty four per cent had cartilage loss. Prognostic factors and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals) were: body mass index OR = 11.1 (3.3 to 37.3) fourth v first quartile; body weight OR = 7.9 (2.6 to 24.0) third v first tertile; age OR = 3.8 (1.1 to 13.4) &gt; 60 v &lt; or = 49 years; Heberden9s nodes OR = 6.0 (1.5 to 23.1); clinical diagnosis of generalised osteoarthritis OR = 3.3 (1.3 to 8.3); and previous bow legs or knock knees OR = 5.1 (1.1 to 23.1). The relation of age with cartilage loss was also confounded by the presence of Heberden9s nodes or a diagnosis of generalised osteoarthritis. There was no statistically significant relation for gender, meniscectomy, injury, uric acid concentration, chondrocalcinosis, smoking, and occupation related factors, except possibly standing.
Medical services for children
Authors: L. Light
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Radiologists' advice about breast lumps EDITOR,-I write to correct the headline in the news section about the warning on unnecessary x ray examinations.'The advice regarding women with breast lumps is for any age, not just women under 50.It is not new but has been included in the second edition of our booklet of advice for referring clinicians, which is new.2There is no new joint report from the college and the National Radio- logical Protection Board on this topic.The college did, however, issue such a report in 19903: this endorsed the recommendation of the Forrest report on breast screening that it should be reserved for women aged 50-64.4
Doctors question government collaboration with alcohol and food industry
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Leading doctors have questioned the government’s plans to collaborate with the food and drinks industry as part of efforts to improve public health.

During a BMA organised debate on health inequalities on 28 October, England’s health secretary, Andrew Lansley, was questioned over a comment about “collaborative working” with the drink and food industry.

A question was posed by an audience member about the “vested” interests of the private sector, specifically the alcohol and food industry, when it took part in discussions with the government and clinicians over how to improve public health and whether there was a conflict of interests.

Mr Lansley said, “A couple of years ago the Nuffield Council on Bioethics produced what I found was a very helpful illustration of what they described as a ladder or hierarchy of interventions. At the bottom of it was to do nothing, but it went up with starting to impact on behaviour change, influencing choices, default choices, intervention, and possibly introducing a full ban on something.

“We know that tobacco control is quite high up that ladder due to the necessity of doing so because the less intrusive measures have not delivered the objectives we are looking for. In other areas, such as the consumption …
Collagen polymorphism in idiopathic chronic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: J M Seyer, E T Hutcheson, A H Kang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Collagens in normal human lung and in idiopathic chronic fibrosis were investigated in terms of their covalent structure and compared for possible alterations in the diseased state. Collagens were solubilized by limited digestion with pepsin under nondenaturing conditions, and after purification they, were fractionated into types I and III. Carboxymethylcellulose and agarose chromatography of both types I and III collagens, and amino acid and carbohydrate analyses of the resulting alpha-chains indicated that the alpha 1 (I), alpha 2, and alpha 1 (III) chains of normal human lung were identical with the human skin alpha-chains in all respects examined except that the normal lung chains contained higher levels of hydroxylysine. Examination of collagens obtained from the diseased lung revealed that the content of hydroxylysine of the alpha 1 (I) and the alpha 1 (III) chains appeared to be diminished as compared to the normal lung chains. The values, expressed as residues per 1,000 residues, are 7.1 and 8.3 for the alpha 1 (I) and the alpha 1 (III) chains, respectively, as compared to 10.0 and 11.1 for the alpha-chains from the normal tissue. The chromatographic properties and amino acid and carbohydrate composition of the alpha-chains from the diseased tissue were otherwise indistinguishable from those of normal lung. In addition, isolation and characterization of the CNBr peptides of alpha 1 (I), alpha 2 and alpha 1 (III) from the diseased lung revealed no significant differences from the CNBr peptides from other human tissues reported previously. Normal and diseased lungs were also digested with CNBr, and the resultant alpha 1 (I) and alpha 1 (III) peptides were separated chromatographically. The relative quantities of these peptides indicate that type III collagen constitutes 33% of the total collagen in normal human lung, with the remainder being type I, whereas in idiopathic chronic pulmonary fibrosis, the relative content of type III collagen is markedly diminished, ranging from 12 to 24% in different patients. These results indicate that an alteration in tissue collagen polymorphism as well as subtle variations in the collagen structure accompany the fibrotic process in the diseased state, and suggest that these alterations may have possible pathogenetic implications.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: A Critical Review of the New Diagnostic Class
Authors: Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Ryan J. Jacoby
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2015)

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders includes a new class of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) that includes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and a handful of other putatively related conditions. Although this new category promises to raise awareness of underrecognized and understudied problems, its empirical validity and practical utility are questionable. This article reviews the phenomenology of OCD and then presents a critical analysis of the arguments underlying the new OCRD class. This analysis leads to a rejection of the OCRD classification on both scientific and logical grounds. The article closes with a discussion of the treatment implications of the OCRDs approach.
Human follicular stem cells: their presence in plucked hair and follicular cell culture
Authors: C.G. Gho, J.E.f. Braun, C.M.L.J. Tilli, H.A.M. Neumann, F.C.S. Ramaekers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background and objectives A considerable portion of the hair follicle remains attached to plucked hair and can be used for follicle cell culture. In this study we have phenotyped these cells in an attempt to identify the stem cell fraction. Reports in the literature have indicated that this cell population may be positive for cytokeratin (CK) 19. Because stem cells in general need to be protected from apoptosis, the presence of the apoptosis-suppressing Bcl-2 protein, together with the absence of the apoptosis-promoting Bax and the CK profile may be used as an indicator of the stem cell population in the hair follicle, and in cultures of hair follicle cells. Methods Hair follicles from skin biopsies and plucked hair were derived from the scalps of healthy volunteers. Follicular cells were cultured from the plucked hairs. These hair follicles, plucked hairs and cultured cells were examined for their CK profiles, which are indicative of the type of cell (basal/stem cells) and for their status with respect to the proliferation marker Ki-67, Bax and Bcl-2. Results We found coexpression for CK19 and Bcl-2, but not Bax in two distinct areas, localized in the upper and lower third of the follicle from both skin biopsies and plucked hairs, while proliferation markers were negative in these areas. CK19 and Bcl-2 were also coexpressed in combination in a fraction of the follicular cell culture. The skin basal cell marker CK14 could be found throughout the outer root sheath of the hair follicle from both skin biopsies and plucked hairs, as well as in the follicular cell culture. Conclusions Thus, CK19/Bcl-2-positive and Bax-negative cells can be obtained from cells derived from plucked hair and are retained in cultures made from these cells. If this phenotype represents follicular stem cells, our finding endorses the assumption that stem cells are located in the bulge area of the hair follicle, as we did not find them in or near the dermal papilla.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Imatinib in Patients in the Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group of the EORTC
Authors: Nielka van Erp, Hans Gelderblom, Martine van Glabbeke, Allan Van Oosterom, Jaap Verweij, Henk-Jan Guchelaar, Maria Debiec-Rychter, Bin Peng, Jean-Yves Blay, Ian Judson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Smoking is a potent inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and may affect the pharmacokinetics of CYP1A2 metabolized drugs. The effect of smoking on the pharmacokinetics of imatinib, which is metabolized by CYP3A4 and partly by CYP1A2, is unknown. We studied the effect of smoking on imatinib pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy. Experimental Design: Imatinib pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy was analyzed in 45 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) or soft-tissue sarcoma included in two European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group trials, including 15 smokers and 30 nonsmokers. Apparent oral clearance, distribution volume, elimination half-life, and dose-standardized area under the concentration curve (AUC) were assessed in 34 patients using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling. Results: Mean ± SD pharmacokinetic variables in smokers (n = 9) versus nonsmokers (n = 25) groups were 9.6 ± 5.5 versus 9.2 ± 4.6 L/h (apparent oral clearance), 216.5 ± 114.3 versus 207.0 ± 116.9 L (distribution volume), 16.1 ± 6.0 versus 16.5 ± 6.0 h (elimination half-life), and 133.6 ± 71.0 versus 142.3 ± 84.0 ng h/mL mg area under the concentration curve; P &amp;gt; 0.05. Smokers experienced more grade 2/3 anemia (P = 0.010) and fatigue (P = 0.011) and those with GIST had a significantly shorter overall survival (P = 0.037) and time to progression (P = 0.052). Conclusions: This retrospective study suggests that the pharmacokinetics of imatinib is not affected by smoking. However, smokers have an increased risk of anemia and fatigue. Smokers with GIST have a shorter overall survival and time to progression.
Sequence Variation in Mature MicroRNA-499 Confers Unfavorable Prognosis of Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Fuman Qiu, Lei Yang, Xiaoxuan Ling, Rongrong Yang, Xiaorong Yang, Lisha Zhang, Wenxiang Fang, Chenli Xie, Dongsheng Huang, Yifeng Zhou, Jiachun Lu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: This study was implemented to investigate the associations between SNP in mature microRNA (miRNA) sequence and lung cancer prognosis and to verify the function of those SNP. Experimental Design: Eight SNPs (rs3746444T&amp;gt;C in hsa-mir-499, rs4919510C&amp;gt;G in hsa-mir-608, rs13299349G&amp;gt;A in hsa-mir-3152, rs12220909G&amp;gt;C in hsa-mir-4293, rs2168518G&amp;gt;A in hsa-mir-4513, rs8078913T&amp;gt;C in hsa-mir-4520a, rs11237828T&amp;gt;C in hsa-mir-5579, and rs9295535T&amp;gt;C in hsa-mir-5689) were analyzed in a southern Chinese population with 576 patients with lung cancer, and the significant results were validated in two additional cohorts of 346 and 368 patients, respectively. A series of experiments were performed to evaluate the relevancies of those potentially functional SNPs. Results: We found that the microRNA-499 rs3746444T&amp;gt;C polymorphism exhibited a consistently poor prognosis for patients with lung cancer in the discovery set [HR, 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.49; P = 0.028], in the validation set I (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.01–1.71; P = 0.048) and in the validation set II (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12–1.86; P = 0.004). The adverse effect of CT/CC variants was more remarkable in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Further functional assays demonstrated that the rs3746444C variant allele influences the expression of several cancer-related genes and affects lung cancer cells' proliferation and tumor growth in vivo and in vitro via the cisplatinum resistance. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the rs3746444T&amp;gt;C polymorphism in mature miR-499 sequence could contribute to poor prognosis by modulating cancer-related genes' expression and thus involve tumorigenesis and anti-chemotherapy, which may be a useful biomarker to predict lung cancer patients' prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1602–13. ©2015 AACR.