tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Existence of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitroso-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-propylurea Target Cells in the Thymus of F344 Rats in Thymic Lymphomagenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Ogiu, H Fukami
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

There are two hypotheses for location of first transformation of cells of T-cell lineage into preneoplastic cells from studies of leukemogenesis in mice; one is the bone marrow and another is the thymus. N-Nitroso-N-propylurea [(NPU) CAS: 816-57-9] induces high incidence of thymic lymphoma in F344 rats. In the present experiments, the location of NPU-target cells was examined in F344 rats. In the first experiment, bone marrow cells from NPU-treated male rats were inoculated into sublethally irradiated female rats. However, neither thymic nor other types of leukemias were induced in these rats. In the following experiment, thymectomized male rats received grafts sc with normal thymuses of age-matched female F344 rats. Continuous administration of NPU to the rats successfully induced 9 thymic lymphomas in the grafted thymuses. In 8 thymic lymphomas analyzed, 6 consisted of donor cells and the other 2 consisted of recipient cells. The present results from these 2 experiments strongly suggested that NPU-induced rat thymic lymphomas originate from intrathymic cells but not from bone marrow cells. In other words, target cells of leukemogenic activity of the chemical carcinogen NPU probably exist in the thymus of F344 rats.
Prediction of cyclosporine area under the curve using a three-point sampling strategy after Neoral administration.
Authors: F Gaspari, M F Anedda, O Signorini, G Remuzzi, N Perico
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Accurate monitoring of cyclosporine (CsA) dosage is still a problem, because measurement of the area under the curve (AUC)--the most appropriate indicator of exposure to CsA--requires a number of blood samples to be taken over 12 h, which makes monitoring difficult in day-to-day clinical practice. This study investigated whether a limited sampling strategy in human kidney transplantation reflected the actual AUC better in patients given Neoral than in those being treated with Sandimmune. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of CsA blood levels recorded after Neoral administration to 20 renal transplant patients showed the best results in AUC prediction with three sampling points (1.5, 8, 11 h after Neoral dosing; r = 0.992 with an associated error in AUC prediction ranging from -8.0 to 8.8%). Because blood sampling at 8 and 11 h is not feasible in routine clinical practice, sample points from 0 to 3 h after Neoral dosing, i.e., up to the time of maximum mean blood CsA concentration plus 2 SD, were considered. The best results were obtained with a three-point strategy (0, 1, and 3 h after Neoral dosing; error in prediction: -9.0 to 7.2%), which gave an excellent correlation between measured and predicted AUC (r = 0.989). A similar analysis after Sandimmune given to the same patients always resulted in poor AUC prediction with a wide associated error. These findings indicate that with Neoral, but not Sandimmune, a limited strategy of three-point sampling taken early after dosing allows an excellent and perfectly reliable prediction of the actual AUC.
A retrospective safety and efficacy analysis of combination therapy using Gliadel wafers plus external beam radiation therapy with concurrent temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme patients
Authors: E. Pan, S. B. Mitchell, J. S. Tsai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

12510 Background: Safety and efficacy of malignant glioma treatment with carmustine-containing biodegradable implants (Gliadel® Wafers) followed by conventional radiotherapy (RT) and treatment with RT and concomitant temozolomide have both been well established. Multimodal therapy combining Gliadel® Wafers, RT, and temozolomide has recently demonstrated significant improvements in clinical outcomes of newly-diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. However, Gliadel® Wafer implantation in newly-diagnosed GBM patients is limited by the suspected risk of toxicities associated with multimodal therapy. Thus, the safety of multimodal therapy with Gliadel® Wafers, RT, and temozolomide needs to be determined. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of 21 Florida Hospital Neuro- Oncology Center patients who were newly diagnosed with GBM from January 2003 to December 2005 and initially received multimodal therapy. All systemic and local toxicities were graded according to CTC AE v.3.0. Results were compared to historical data. Results: Our study population did not differ significantly from prior study populations with regard to patient demographics. 4 of 21 (19%) patients had grade 3 toxicities, which may have been related to multimodal therapy. None of the 21 patients had grade 4 toxicities. Median time to progression from initial surgery was 12.8 months (range 2–24 months). Median overall survival was 17 months (95% CI of 15–25 months). Conclusion: The addition of Gliadel® Wafers to concurrent RT and temozolomide did not result in a notable increase in grade 3 and 4 toxicities but did produce clinical outcomes comparable with those found in prior studies. The small sample size does not allow for definitive conclusions regarding efficacy. However, the addition of Gliadel® Wafers to concurrent RT and temozolomide appears to be safe in newly-diagnosed GBM patients. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Stemming the Tanning Bed Epidemic: Time for Action
Authors: Alan C Geller, Sophie J Balk, David E Fisher
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

2][3][4] Contrary to misconceptions that tanning beds are only used for special occasions, more than 40% of those who use tanning beds do so more than 10 times per year. 2-4Furthermore, the past 2 years have been marked by well-respected studies with large sample sizes strongly linking tanning beds to melanoma and other skin cancers. 1,5,6Fueled by the proliferation of tanning salons in the United States, which now seem to outnumber Starbucks or McDonalds, and a very low per-use cost, nearly 40% of girls aged 16 and 17 years have used tanning beds in the past year, and more than 1 million people tan in tanning salons each day in the United States.In response, coordinated efforts led by skin cancer patient advocates and physicians have resulted in restrictions in many states and a first-time ban in the United States on the use of tanning beds for children younger than 18 years in California and Vermont.Many other parts of the world now ban tanning beds for youth, and Brazil and part of Australia (New South Wales) have population-wide bans.We are now in the incipient stage of a public health campaign akin to the one that reduced smoking in teens, and the parallel components are striking.Advocates work to enact statewide legislation, public health experts and industry testify at FDA hearings, media attention has heightened, and federal tax policies to disincentivize use have been instituted.
Accurate Detection Of Renal Involvement In Pediatric Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia By Utilizing 3D-Reconstruction Models Of Enhanced CT and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Toshihiro Fujiki, Raita Araki, Shintaro Mase, Rie Kuroda, Yasuhiro Ikawa, Hideaki Maeba, Akihiro Yachie, Ryosei Nishimura
Journal: Blood (2013)
Chemosensitivity of lymphocytes from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia to chlorambucil, fludarabine, and camptothecin analogs
Authors: R Silber, B Degar, D Costin, EW Newcomb, M Mani, CR Rosenberg, L Morse, JC Drygas, ZN Canellakis, M Potmesil
Journal: Blood (1994)
PWE-195 The enhanced recovery programme does not influence adjuvant chemotherapy rates following major pancreatic and liver resection surgery
Authors: A Chan, S Kotecha, Z Ali, S Lapsia, A Krige, H Coleman, D Chang, A Kausar, C Harris, D Subar
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The Enhanced Recovery Programme (ERP) has been shown to improve postoperative complications and reduce hospital stay in patients undergoing major HPB surgical oncological resections.<sup>1</sup>The ERP should allow more patient autonomy in their care and extend beyond the current hospital admission. The benefits of the ERP following hospital discharge are unclear, particularly with regards to adjuvant chemotherapy completion rates. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective study was designed looking at the effect of the ERP on adjuvant chemotherapy rates following major pancreatic and liver resections. Patients deemed suitable for curative oncological resection surgery were included in the study. Neo-adjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens were decided as per the multidisciplinary team decision. Patients in the ERP group who didn’t complete the ERP protocol were analysed in the EPR group on an intention-to-treat basis. <h3>Results</h3> Between 2005 and 2013, 222 patients (100 liver resections and 122 pancreatic resections; median age 66 years, 1.4:1 male:female ratio) were identified and included in the study, with 142 patients (64.0%) following the ERP protocol. Two-thirds of patients in the ERP group successfully completed the ERP protocol. The ERP did not influence the time to chemotherapy (p = 0.14 pancreas group; p = 0.23 liver group) or successful completion of at least 6 cycles of chemotherapy (0.42 pancreas group; p = 0.06 liver group). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The ERP has been shown to benefit patients in the immediate postoperative period, with a shorter hospital stay. The results of this study suggest that the benefit of the ERP following hospital discharge is limited and, in particular, does not affect the uptake or successful completion of adjuvant chemotherapy. The effect of the ERP on long-term outcome and cancer-specific survival is, however, still unclear. The ERP following major resection should be further developed to include a stronger community and primary care component to help facilitate care after discharge. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> . Jones C, Kelliher L, Dickinson M, <i>et al</i>. Randomized clinical trial on enhanced recovery versus standard care following open liver resection. Br J Surg. 2013July;100(8):1015–1024.
Open Enrollment Increased by About 1 Million People Over Last Year
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Majority of never-smokers with airflow limitation do not have asthma: the Copenhagen General Population Study
Authors: Yunus Çolak, Shoaib Afzal, Børge G Nordestgaard, Peter Lange
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> A substantial proportion of individuals with airflow limitation are never-smokers. However, whether never-smokers with airflow limitation have undiagnosed asthma is unknown. We hypothesised that the majority of never-smokers with respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation but without known asthma have undiagnosed asthma by comparing characteristics and prognosis in never-smokers with airflow limitation and asthma (NS+AFL+A) with never-smokers with airflow limitation but without asthma (NS+AFL−A). <h3>Methods</h3> Among 94 079 participants aged 20–100 years from the general population, 39 102 (42%) were never-smokers. In this group, 13 719 (35%) reported to have respiratory symptoms of whom 1610 (12%) had airflow limitation. We investigated characteristics and risk of complications (asthma or COPD exacerbations, pneumonias and all-cause mortality) and comorbidities (lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis and PE) during 4.5 years median follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> NS+AFL−A compared with NS+AFL+A reported less allergy and respiratory symptoms, and had higher FEV<sub>1</sub> and lower levels of eosinophils and IgE in peripheral blood. NS+AFL+A had increased risk of asthma and COPD exacerbations, but not of pneumonias; adjusted HRs in NS+AFL+A compared with NS+AFL−A were 16 (95% CI 3.7 to 73) for asthma exacerbations and 15 (2.8 to 80) for COPD exacerbations. Still, NS+AFL−A had increased risk of COPD exacerbations and pneumonias, but not of asthma exacerbations; adjusted HRs in NS+AFL−A compared with never-smokers without airflow limitation or asthma (NS−AFL−A) were 7.7 (2.8 to 21) for COPD exacerbations and 1.7 (1.3 to 2.3) for pneumonias. Risk of comorbidities or all-cause mortality was not increased in NS+AFL−A or NS+AFL+A compared with NS−AFL−A. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Majority of NS+AFL−A do not seem to have undiagnosed asthma and may instead have airflow limitation caused by other risk factors.
Precision Medicine for Advanced Pancreas Cancer: Early Lessons Learned from Negotiating the Pitfalls of a Molecular Therapeutics Trial in a Poor Prognosis Cancer
Authors: L. Chantrill, A. Johns, C. Watson, S. Mead, A. Gill, N. Pavlakis, P. Grimison, G.R. Asghari, B. Li, A. Chou, S. Simpson, M. Martyn-Smith, A. Nagrial, V. Chin, L. Sebastian, S. Yip, K. Sjoquist, S. Grimmond, R.J. Simes, A. Biankin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Increasing burden of community-acquired pneumonia leading to hospitalisation, 1998–2014
Authors: T Phuong Quan, Nicola J Fawcett, John M Wrightson, John Finney, David Wyllie, Katie Jeffery, Nicola Jones, Brian Shine, Lorraine Clarke, Derrick Crook, A Sarah Walker, Timothy E A Peto
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in many countries but few recent large-scale studies have examined trends in its incidence. <h3>Methods</h3> Incidence of CAP leading to hospitalisation in one UK region (Oxfordshire) was calculated over calendar time using routinely collected diagnostic codes, and modelled using piecewise-linear Poisson regression. Further models considered other related diagnoses, typical administrative outcomes, and blood and microbiology test results at admission to determine whether CAP trends could be explained by changes in case-mix, coding practices or admission procedures. <h3>Results</h3> CAP increased by 4.2%/year (95% CI 3.6 to 4.8) from 1998 to 2008, and subsequently much faster at 8.8%/year (95% CI 7.8 to 9.7) from 2009 to 2014. Pneumonia-related conditions also increased significantly over this period. Length of stay and 30-day mortality decreased slightly in later years, but the proportions with abnormal neutrophils, urea and C reactive protein (CRP) did not change (p&gt;0.2). The proportion with severely abnormal CRP (&gt;100 mg/L) decreased slightly in later years. Trends were similar in all age groups. <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> was the most common causative organism found; however other organisms, particularly <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, increased in incidence over the study period (p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Hospitalisations for CAP have been increasing rapidly in Oxfordshire, particularly since 2008. There is little evidence that this is due only to changes in pneumonia coding, an ageing population or patients with substantially less severe disease being admitted more frequently. Healthcare planning to address potential further increases in admissions and consequent antibiotic prescribing should be a priority.
Long-course oxaliplatin-based preoperative chemoradiation versus 5 × 5 Gy and consolidation chemotherapy for cT4 or fixed cT3 rectal cancer: results of a randomized phase III study
Authors: K. Bujko, L. Wyrwicz, A. Rutkowski, M. Malinowska, L. Pietrzak, J. Kryński, W. Michalski, J. Olędzki, J. Kuśnierz, L. Zając, M. Bednarczyk, M. Szczepkowski, W. Tarnowski, E. Kosakowska, J. Zwoliński, M. Winiarek, K. Wiśniowska, M. Partycki, K. Bęczkowska, W. Polkowski, R. Styliński, R. Wierzbicki, P. Bury, M. Jankiewicz, K. Paprota, M. Lewicka, B. Ciseł, M. Skórzewska, J. Mielko, M. Bębenek, A. Maciejczyk, B. Kapturkiewicz, A. Dybko, Ł. Hajac, A. Wojnar, T. Leśniak, J. Zygulska, D. Jantner, E. Chudyba, W. Zegarski, M. Las-Jankowska, M. Jankowski, L. Kołodziejski, A. Radkowski, U. Żelazowska-Omiotek, B. Czeremszyńska, L. Kępka, J. Kolb-Sielecki, Z. Toczko, Z. Fedorowicz, A. Dziki, A. Danek, G. Nawrocki, R. Sopyło, W. Markiewicz, P. Kędzierawski, J. Wydmański, J. Albiński, R. Banaś, E. Chmielowska, W. Bal, J. Baszczyk-Mnich, M. Bialas, T. Borowiec, M. Bujko, A. Cencelewicz, K. Chomik, M. Chwaliński, I. Ciepela, D. Dupla, A. Florek, A. Górnicki, K. Jeziorski, W. Józwicki, J. Kobiela, M. Koda, P. Kołodziej, P. Kruszewski, M. Kryj, G. Kuciel-Lisiecka, R. Kwiatkowski, A. Lachowski, P. Liszka-Dalecki, A. Majewski, W. Majewski, T. Majsak, D. Maka, M. Malka, A. Mazurkiewicz, J. Morawiec, E. Nogal, M. Olejniczak, D. Olkowski, K. Ostrowska-Cichocka, M. Pietruszka, G. Piotrkowski, M. Plewicka, D. Porzuczek-Zuziak, J. Reszke, A. Rychter, J. Sadowski, A. Salata, K. Serkies, E. Srutek, B. Szóstak, T. Tuziak, D. Tyralik, J. Skoczylas, E. Wachua, P. Wandzel, B. Winkler-Spytkowska, P. Wojtasik, K. Wroński, M. Zemal, I. Zygulski
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Studies on Human Erythrocyte Nucleotide Metabolism. II. Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia, High Red Cell ATP, and Ribosephosphate Pyrophosphokinase (RPK, E.C. 2.7.6.1) Deficiency
Authors: William N. Valentine, Helen M. Anderson, Donald E. Paglia, Ernst R. Jaffé, Patricia N. Konrad, Susan R. Harris, Klaus K. Kürschner
Journal: Blood (1972)
Chronotropic Incompetence Does Not Limit Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Haqeel A. Jamil, John Gierula, Maria F. Paton, Roo Byrom, Judith E. Lowry, Richard M. Cubbon, David A. Cairns, Mark T. Kearney, Klaus K. Witte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
MULTIPLE DEFECTS OF THE HAIR SHAFT IN NETHERTON'S DISEASE.
Authors: D. V. STEVANOVI$CA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— Two patients are reported with ichthyosis linearis circumflexa as the cutaneous manifestation of a syndrome resembling Netherton's disease. There were multiple defects of the hair shaft, ranging from simple variation in calibre to trichorrhexis nodosa, bamboo hairs and cup and ball deformities of many types. The histological appearances of the follicles are described and the possible significance of an associated aminoaciduria is discussed.
Circulating desmosine levels do not predict emphysema progression but are associated with cardiovascular risk and mortality in COPD
Authors: Roberto A. Rabinovich, Bruce E. Miller, Karolina Wrobel, Kareshma Ranjit, Michelle C. Williams, Ellen Drost, Lisa D. Edwards, David A. Lomas, Stephen I. Rennard, Alvar Agustí, Ruth Tal-Singer, Jørgen Vestbo, Emiel F.M. Wouters, Michelle John, Edwin J.R. van Beek, John T Murchison, Charlotte E Bolton, William MacNee, Jeffrey T.J. Huang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Elastin degradation is a key feature of emphysema and may have a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Circulating desmosine is a specific biomarker of elastin degradation. We investigated the association between plasma desmosine (pDES) and emphysema severity/progression, coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and mortality. pDES was measured in 1177 COPD patients and 110 healthy control subjects from two independent cohorts. Emphysema was assessed on chest computed tomography scans. Aortic arterial stiffness was measured as the aortic–femoral pulse wave velocity. pDES was elevated in patients with cardiovascular disease (p&lt;0.005) and correlated with age (rho=0.39, p&lt;0.0005), CACS (rho=0.19, p&lt;0.0005) modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea score (rho=0.15, p&lt;0.0005), 6-min walking distance (rho=−0.17, p&lt;0.0005) and body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity index (rho=0.10, p&lt;0.01), but not with emphysema, emphysema progression or forced expiratory volume in 1 s decline. pDES predicted all-cause mortality independently of several confounding factors (p&lt;0.005). In an independent cohort of 186 patients with COPD and 110 control subjects, pDES levels were higher in COPD patients with cardiovascular disease and correlated with arterial stiffness (p&lt;0.05). In COPD, excess elastin degradation relates to cardiovascular comorbidities, atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, systemic inflammation and mortality, but not to emphysema or emphysema progression. pDES is a good biomarker of cardiovascular risk and mortality in COPD.
Mortality From Gastric Cancer and Other Causes After Medical or Surgical Treatment for Gastric Ulcer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Tomio Hirohata, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

This long-term, follow-up study was undertaken to determine whether patients with benign gastric ulcer have an increased risk of developing gastric cancer or other selected causes of death. Patients (1,928) with a diagnosis of benign gastric ulcer treated in 1 of 9 medical institutions in the Boston area during 1945–55 inclusive, were followed for 8–18 years until December 31, 1963. The follow-up was made primarily by search of Massachusetts death certificates. More direct follow-up of a 10% random sample indicated the degree of follow-up obtained by death certificate search to be satisfactory for this purpose. The mortality of the patients was compared with the expected mortality estimated from the mortality experience of the general population of comparable age and sex. Following the first year after entry into study, the patients had virtually the same mortality as that of the general population. A lower mortality from arteriosclerotic heart disease was noted. In the group treated medically (1,038 patients), an excess mortality was observed for liver cirrhosis and suicide. This group had no excess mortality from gastric cancer 5 years and more after entry into the study, which does not support a hypothesis of frequent malignant change of benign gastric ulcer. The group treated surgically (890 patients) showed no deviation from the normal expectancy of death from gastric cancer.