tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Importance of baseline cotinine plasma values in smoking cessation: results from a double-blind study with nicotine patch
Authors: P Paoletti, E Fornai, F Maggiorelli, R Puntoni, G Viegi, L Carrozzi, A Corlando, G Gustavsson, U Sawe, C Giuntini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Nicotine replacement by transdermal patches is more effective than placebo in smoking cessation, but has a low success rate after one year (9-18%). We tested whether this was attributed to insufficient nicotine replacement. We conducted a randomized trial to investigate the effect on outcome of different doses of transdermal nicotine replacement after stratification according to baseline plasma cotinine values. Two hundred and ninety seven adult smokers were enrolled. Those with baseline cotinine < or = 250 ng.ml-1 (low cotinine) were randomly assigned to placebo (LC-P) or to 15 mg 16 h nicotine patches (LC-15), and those with baseline cotinine > 250 ng.mL-1 (high cotinine) were randomly assigned to 15 mg (HC-15) or 25 mg (HC-25) 16 h nicotine patches. Plasma nicotine and cotinine values, expired carbon monoxide and withdrawal symptoms were measured at scheduled intervals during treatment. Smokers in the LC-15 group had a significantly higher success rate than placebo (28 vs 9%). Smokers with high baseline cotinine had lower success rates, and a high dose of nicotine did not increase success rate (HC-25 9% vs HC-15 11%). Subjects in the HC-15 group had the lowest percentage of nicotine replacement and a higher prevalence of withdrawal symptoms than the HC-25 group. Replacement was similar in groups LC-15 and HC-25, but the success rate was significantly lower in HC-25 group, despite similar levels of withdrawal symptoms. We conclude that a higher success rate was obtained after one year in smokers with low baseline plasma cotinine values. Determination of plasma cotinine values may be, thus, helpful in identifying smokers who could benefit from transdermal nicotine replacement.
The Treatment of Shock Associated with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: GEORGE C. GRIFFITH, W. B. WALLACE, BURT COCHRAN, W. E. NERLICH, W. G. FRASHER
Journal: Circulation (1954)

As a background to the problem of shock associated with acute myocardial infarction, a review of 816 recent consecutive and proved cases has been made. One hundred and sixty-one cases met the arbitrary criteria for the definition of shock. Therefore, shock was found to have occurred in 20 per cent of the patients with myocardial infarction. The mortality was 81 per cent (128 patients died). In the present study, 134 patients with acute myocardial infarction in shock were treated. All of these patients were first treated by strictly routine measures, including digitalis when indicated. Sixty of the 134 patients were relieved by prompt routine therapy given within a three-hour period of time. The remaining 74 patients were treated by (1) retrograde arterial infusion, (2) the newer sympathomimetic drugs such as methoxamine, isopropylnorepinephrine and norepinephrine and (3) other agents such as cholinesterase and cortisone. An evaluation of these methods was made and the over-all mortality of shock as associated with myocardial infarction was reduced from 81 per cent to 48 per cent.
Antibodies against human herpesvirus 8 in subjects with non-venereal dermatological conditions
Authors: C. Masini, D.D. Abeni, M.S. Cattaruzza, M. Capuano, C. Pedicelli, F. Cerimele, P. Pasquini, D. Cerimele, G. Fadda, P. Cattani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Background Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is considered as the infectious cofactor involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Its seroprevalence and modes of transmission in the general population are still undetermined. Objectives We aimed to estimate the prevalence of HHV8 infection in a population at low risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Methods We conducted a seroepidemiological survey on randomly selected individuals attending the dermatology department of a teaching hospital in Rome. Of 257 patients, 248 had their blood analysed for anti‐HHV8 antibodies and 201 completed a standardized interview. Serological analysis was performed by an immunofluorescence assay able to detect antilytic antibodies. Results We found an overall seroprevalence of 15·7% (95% confidence interval, CI 11·4–20·9%), similar in men and women (15·1% vs. 16·3%) and higher at older ages. Seropositivity was not related to sexual habits, while it was significantly associated with a history of hepatitis (seroprevalence 34·6%, adjusted odds ratio, OR 4·08, 95% CI 1·52–11·00) and with a diagnosis of non‐melanoma skin cancer (42·9%, OR 4·20, 95% CI 1·26–14·02) or atypical naevi (35·3%, OR 6·21, 95% CI 1·85–20·86). Conclusions Our data suggest that a non‐sexual mode of transmission of HHV8 infection is plausible in an Italian population at low risk for sexually transmitted diseases and that other factors, besides differences in prevalence of HHV8 infection, may be involved in the epidemiology of classical KS. The unexpectedly high seropositivity rates in subjects with non‐melanoma skin cancer and atypical naevi should be viewed with caution and require confirmation.
Anti-PLA2R antibodies measured by ELISA predict long-term outcome in a prevalent population of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Durga Kanigicherla, Jennet Gummadova, Edward A. McKenzie, Stephen A. Roberts, Shelley Harris, Milind Nikam, Kay Poulton, Lorna McWilliam, Colin D. Short, Michael Venning, Paul E. Brenchley
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE MYELOMA PROTEINS
Authors: R. J. Slater, S. M. Ward, H. G. Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

An immunological study of 21 myeloma sera was carried out to determine their relationship to components of normal gamma-globulin and to each other. Ten proteins were separated for detailed characterization. Every one of the myeloma proteins studied was immunologically different, indicating individual specificity. The gamma-type myeloma proteins were all related to normal gamma-globulin or a fraction thereof, and although each was distinct from the others, all were related. The beta-type myeloma proteins likewise were related to one another, though individually specific. Evidence was found favoring the view that some of the gamma-type myeloma proteins are related to the beta-type myeloma proteins although most of them were completely unrelated. Likewise the results indicated a definite but distant relationship between the beta-myeloma proteins and normal gamma-globulin. Certain of the beta-myeloma proteins were more closely related to a fraction of normal serum of similar electrophoretic mobility. It is suggested that most multiple myeloma proteins fall into two groups or families of cross-reacting abnormal proteins, one closely related to normal gamma-globulin, the other distantly related to gamma-globulin with marked individual specificities.
Two Unusual Sites of Colon Cancer Metastases and a Rare Thyroid Lymphoma
Authors: Mark De Ridder, Alexandra B.L. Sermeus, Jan Van de Steene, Guy A. Storme
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.15.3572 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11481365 Two Unusual Sites of Colon Cancer Metastases and a Rare Thyroid Lymphoma Case 1. Metastatic Colon Cancer to a Multinodular Goiter Mark De RidderxMark De RidderSearch for articles by this author , Alexandra B.L. SermeusxAlexandra B.L. SermeusSearch for articles by this author , Jan Van de SteenexJan Van de SteeneSearch for articles by this author , Guy A. StormexGuy A. StormeSearch for articles by this author Show More Academic Hospital of the Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.15.3572 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Expression of Receptors for Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LH-RH) in Prostate Cancers following Therapy with LH-RH Agonists
Authors: Stephen V. Liu, Andrew V. Schally, Debra Hawes, Shigang Xiong, Laden Fazli, Martin Gleave, Jie Cai, Susan Groshen, Frank Brands, Juergen Engel, Jacek Pinski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: In addition to their expression on pituitary cells, receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) are found on most prostate cancer cells. These tumoral LH-RH receptors mediate the direct cytotoxic effects of LH-RH analogs and are potential therapeutic targets. Although pituitary LH-RH receptors are downregulated following prolonged exposure to LH-RH agonists, there is no evidence that tumoral receptors behave in a similar manner. To better characterize expression of tumoral LH-RH receptors, specimens of prostate cancer from various cohorts of patients were analyzed. Experimental Design: Surgical specimens were obtained from untreated patients with prostate cancer and from patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with bilateral orchiectomy. To address the possibility of receptor downregulation, two additional cohorts of patients who had been previously treated with LH-RH agonists were included. One group received neoadjuvant therapy prior to prostatectomy, and the other group was treated for metastatic disease with LH-RH agonists and, at progression, required palliative resection of the prostate. Lymph node metastases from previously untreated patients were subjected to similar analysis. Results: Expression of LH-RH receptors was found in most specimens. The relative expression of LH-RH receptor mRNA in untreated patients was greater in patients whose tumor had received a Gleason score &amp;lt;8. Conclusions: LH-RH receptor expression persisted despite prolonged exposure to LH-RH agonists. These findings support the concept of targeting cytotoxic LH-RH analogs to prostatic LH-RH receptors, using these receptors to gain entry into cancer cells to deliver a hybridized cytotoxic moiety for the treatment of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 16(18); 4675–80. ©2010 AACR.
Health and socioeconomic impact of work-related asthma
Authors: O. Vandenplas, K. Toren, P.D. Blanc
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

There is accumulating evidence that the workplace environment contributes significantly to the general burden of asthma. The purpose of this review is to explore the respiratory health and socioeconomic consequences of work-related asthma by addressing a series of controversial issues: 1) what is the natural history of occupational asthma and in what ways does ongoing exposure to the causal agent impact clinical outcomes?; 2) how does the natural history of irritant-induced asthma differ in its health outcomes from immunologically-mediated occupational asthma?; 3) do working conditions have a significant impact on asthma regardless of the aetiology of the disease?; 4) what is the scope of work disability from work-related-asthma in social and economic terms?; 5) what is the clinician's role in reducing the respiratory health consequences of work-related asthma? 6) to what extent do existing compensation and other social insurance schemes successfully address occupational asthma and work-aggravated asthma?
Effects of Losartan on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Patients With Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yuichi J. Shimada, Jonathan J. Passeri, Aaron L. Baggish, Caitlin O'Callaghan, Patricia A. Lowry, Gia Yannekis, Suhny Abbara, Brian B. Ghoshhajra, Richard D. Rothman, Carolyn Y. Ho, James L. Januzzi, Christine E. Seidman, Michael A. Fifer
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Enrichment of sequencing targets from the human genome by solution hybridization
Authors: Ryan Tewhey, Masakazu Nakano, Xiaoyun Wang, Carlos Pabón-Peña, Barbara Novak, Angelica Giuffre, Eric Lin, Scott Happe, Doug N Roberts, Emily M LeProust, Eric J Topol, Olivier Harismendy, Kelly A Frazer
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Abstract To exploit fully the potential of current sequencing technologies for population-based studies, one must enrich for loci from the human genome. Here we evaluate the hybridization-based approach by using oligonucleotide capture probes in solution to enrich for approximately 3.9 Mb of sequence target. We demonstrate that the tiling probe frequency is important for generating sequence data with high uniform coverage of targets. We obtained 93% sensitivity to detect SNPs, with a calling accuracy greater than 99%.
Oncogenic Function of SCCRO5/DCUN1D5 Requires Its Neddylation E3 Activity and Nuclear Localization
Authors: Claire C. Bommeljé, Víola B. Weeda, Guochang Huang, Kushyup Shah, Sarina Bains, Elizabeth Buss, Manish Shaha, Mithat Gönen, Ronald Ghossein, Suresh Y. Ramanathan, Bhuvanesh Singh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

To determine mechanisms by which SCCRO5 (aka DCUN1D5) promotes oncogenesis.SCCRO5 mRNA and protein expression were assessed in 203 randomly selected primary cancer tissue samples, matched histologically normal tissues, and cell lines by use of real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. SCCRO5 overexpression was correlated with survival. The effect of SCCRO5 knockdown on viability was assessed in selected cancer cell lines. Structure-function studies were performed to determine the SCCRO5 residues required for binding to the neddylation components, for neddylation-promoting activity, and for transformation.In oral and lung squamous cell carcinomas, SCCRO5 mRNA levels corresponded with protein levels and overexpression correlated with decreased disease-specific survival. Knockdown of SCCRO5 by RNAi resulted in a selective decrease in the viability of cancer cells with high endogenous levels, suggesting the presence of oncogene addiction. SCCRO5 promoted cullin neddylation while maintaining conserved reaction processivity paradigms involved in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein conjugation, establishing it as a component of the neddylation E3. Neddylation activities in vitro required the potentiating of neddylation (PONY) domain but not the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) domain. In contrast, both the NLS domain and the PONY domain were required for transformation of NIH-3T3 cells.Our data suggest that SCCRO5 has oncogenic potential that requires its function as a component of the neddylation E3. Neddylation activity and nuclear localization of SCCRO5 are important for its in vivo function.
Treating rheumatic diseases in pregnancy: dos and don'ts
Authors: M D Lockshin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

This paper presents a critical appraisal of the current evidence and recommendations regarding the use of pharmaceuticals and biologicals in pregnancy. Clinical experience is often at variance with published recommendations as studies have not taken into account the differences in physiology in the various stages of gestation and between animal and human pregnancies. Physicians should bear in mind that pregnancy causes disruption in several organ systems; the effects of an intervention may depend on the stage of gestation; and some effects of interventions in pregnancy may not manifest until adulthood.
MicroRNA-29 in Aortic Dilation: Implications for Aneurysm Formation
Authors: Reinier A. Boon, Timon Seeger, Susanne Heydt, Ariane Fischer, Eduard Hergenreider, Anton J.G. Horrevoets, Manlio Vinciguerra, Nadia Rosenthal, Sergio Sciacca, Michele Pilato, Paula van Heijningen, Jeroen Essers, Ralf P. Brandes, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Rationale: Aging represents a major risk factor for coronary artery disease and aortic aneurysm formation. MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as key regulators of biological processes, but their role in age-associated vascular pathologies is unknown. Objective: We aim to identify miRs in the vasculature that are regulated by age and play a role in age-induced vascular pathologies. Methods and Results: Expression profiling of aortic tissue of young versus old mice identified several age-associated miRs. Among the significantly regulated miRs, the increased expression of miR-29 family members was associated with a profound downregulation of numerous extracellular matrix (ECM) components in aortas of aged mice, suggesting that this miR family contributes to ECM loss, thereby sensitizing the aorta for aneurysm formation. Indeed, miR-29 expression was significantly induced in 2 experimental models for aortic dilation: angiotensin II-treated aged mice and genetically induced aneurysms in Fibulin-4 R/R mice. More importantly, miR-29b levels were profoundly increased in biopsies of human thoracic aneurysms, obtained from patients with either bicuspid ( n =79) or tricuspid aortic valves ( n =30). Finally, LNA-modified antisense oligonucleotide-mediated silencing of miR-29 induced ECM expression and inhibited angiotensin II-induced dilation of the aorta in mice. Conclusion: In conclusion, miR-29-mediated downregulation of ECM proteins may sensitize the aorta to the formation of aneurysms in advanced age. Inhibition of miR-29 in vivo abrogates aortic dilation in mice, suggesting that miR-29 may represent a novel molecular target to augment matrix synthesis and maintain vascular wall structural integrity.
EFFECT OF DIABETES AND INSULIN ON THE MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF THE RENAL TUBULES TO REABSORB GLUCOSE 1
Authors: Saul J. Farber, Eugene Y. Berger, David P. Earle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

Glycosuria occurs whenever the amount of glu- cose filtered by the glomeruli exceeds the reab- sorptive capacity of the tubules.The glycosuria of diabetes, therefore, is dependent not only on the degree of hyperglycemia but also on the concur- rent glucose reabsorptive capacity.A number of observers have noted that diabetic patients sometimes may have little or no glyco- suria in spite of hyperglycemia (1,2).Mirsky and Nelson (2) have attributed this phenomenon to decreased glomerular filtration rate, especially among elderly patients, or to an increase in the glucose reabsorptive capacity of the tubules.Glucose reabsorption depends on an active trans- port system which is undoubtedly enzymatic in na-
Fasting Glucose Levels in Predicting 1-Year All-Cause Mortality in Patients Who Do Not Have Diabetes and Are on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Dan-Tzu Lin-Tan, Ja-Liang Lin, Li-Hua Wang, Li-Mei Wang, Lan-Mei Huang, Lily Liu, Jeng-Yi Huang, Yen-Lin Huang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Chronic inflammation and malnutrition relate to increased risks for cardiovascular death. This study compared fasting glucose levels (FGL) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) with malnutrition and inflammation in nondiabetic maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients to investigate the adverse affects and risks for mortality. In total, 693 MHD patients were enrolled in this study and followed up for 1 yr. Geographic, hematologic, biochemical, and dialysis-related data were collected. According to 1997 and 2003 definitions, all patients were classified into three groups: Diabetic, nondiabetic with IFG, and nondiabetic with normal FGL. More diabetic and nondiabetic with IFG group patients were malnourished (chi(2) = 24.55, P < 0.0001) and had inflammatory changes (chi(2) = 9.32, P = 0.0095) than those with normal FGL. The IFG group had higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and ferritin and lower serum albumin, creatinine levels, and normalized protein catabolic rate than the normal FGL group. Age and parameters of nutrition and inflammation were associated with FGL. Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that FGL were negatively associated with serum albumin (P = 0.0026) and positively correlated with Log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0.0004) in nondiabetic MHD patients. In addition, after 1 yr of follow-up, Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that, after adjustment for other significant related factors, FGL (relative risk 1.049; 95% confidence interval 1.007 to 1.093; P = 0.0232) or presence of IFG (relative risk 3.798; 95% confidence interval 1.168 to 12.344; P = 0.0265) was a significant risk factor for 1-yr all-cause mortality of these patients. On the basis of these findings, basal FGL or presence of IFG, a preventive and treatable status, plays an important role in inflammation, malnutrition, and short-term mortality of nondiabetic MHD patients.
A simplified tool for predicting mortality in ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: M P Wise
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score is a validated tool for predicting mortality in critical care. However, the APACHE II score requires recording and input of multiple variables, which is time consuming and may lead to erroneous predictions if data …
Quantitative lung T cell responses aid the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: K Dheda, R N van Zyl-Smit, R Meldau, S Meldau, G Symons, H Khalfey, N Govender, V Rosu, L A Sechi, A Maredza, P Semple, A Whitelaw, H Wainwright, M Badri, R Dawson, E D Bateman, A Zumla
Journal: Thorax (2009)

<h3>Background:</h3> The diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is problematic. There are limited data on the profile of alveolar TB antigen-specific T cells, and their utility for the rapid immunodiagnosis of pulmonary TB is unclear. <h3>Methods:</h3> Antigen-specific interferon γ (IFNγ) responses to the RD-1 antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 (T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON-TB-Gold-In-Tube), heparin-binding haemagglutinin and purified protein derivative were evaluated, using alveolar lavage cells, in 91 consecutively recruited South African patients suspected of having TB. <h3>Results:</h3> Of 85 evaluable patients (29% HIV+), 24, 11, 48 and 2 had definite TB, probable TB, non-TB and an uncertain diagnosis, respectively. Between 34% (T-SPOT.TB) and 41% (QuantiFERON-TB-Gold-In-Tube) of all test results were inconclusive. Failure of the positive control was significantly higher with the QuantiFERON-TB-Gold-In-Tube than with T-SPOT.TB (85% vs 46% of inconclusive results; p = 0.001). Using staphylococcal enterotoxin B, compared with phytohaemagglutinin, substantially reduced failure of the positive control (25% to 3%; p = 0.02). In evaluable samples, when the definite and non-TB groups were used for outcome analysis, the percentage sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for T-SPOT.TB (⩾20 spots/million alveolar mononuclear cells) and QuantiFERON-TB-Gold-In-Tube (0.35 IU/ml) were 89, 94, 89 and 94% (n = 55) and 55, 86, 77 and 69% (n = 46), respectively. Rapid diagnosis of TB was achieved more frequently with T-SPOT.TB than with smear microscopy (14/24 (58%) vs. 7/24 (29%) of definite TB cases; p = 0.02). Heparin-binding haemagluttinin and purified protein derivative alveolar lymphocyte IFNγ responses had poor performance outcomes. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Provided evaluable results are obtained, the RD-1, but not the heparin-binding haemagglutinin or purified protein derivative, alveolar lymphocyte IFNγ ELISPOT response is a useful rapid immunodiagnostic test for TB. However, test utility in high-burden settings may be limited by the high proportion of inconclusive results.
Advances in Critical Care Hepatology
Authors: Jorge Marrero, Fernando J. Martinez, Robert Hyzy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Liver disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Cirrhotic patients admitted to the medical ICU have increased mortality (40 to 90%) and a poor prognosis (1). This article addresses specific management issues for conditions the intensivist is often called on to treat, including fulminant hepatic failure, complications of chronic liver disease such as ascites and hepatorenal syndrome, and sepsis-induced liver dysfunction.