tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Statin use is associated with reduced mortality in COPD
Authors: V. Søyseth, P. H. Brekke, P. Smith, T. Omland
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Statins reduce mortality and morbidity in IHD. It has been hypothesised that statin treatment is associated with reduced long-term mortality in patients with COPD. Using a retrospective cohort design, 854 consecutive patients (mean age 70.8 yrs; 51.5% female) with a diagnosis of COPD exacerbation were included in the study at discharge from a Norwegian teaching hospital. Median follow-up was 1.9 yrs, during which 333 patients died. The crude mortality rate per 1,000 person-yrs was 110 in patients treated with statins, and 191 in patients not treated with statins. After adjustment for sex, age, smoking, pulmonary function and comorbidities, the hazard ratio (HR) for statin users versus statin nonusers was 0.57 (95% confidence interval 0.38–0.87). When subdividing statin users and statin nonusers into groups according to concomitant treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) the following HRs were found: 0.75 (0.58–0.98) for ICS only; 0.69 (0.36–1.3) for statins only; and 0.39 (0.22–0.67) for the combined treatment with statin and ICS compared with no such treatment. Treatment with statins was associated with improved survival after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, while inhaled corticosteroids appeared to increase the survival benefit associated with statin use.
Understanding variations in survival for colorectal cancer in Europe: a EUROCARE high resolution study
Authors: G Gatta
Journal: Gut (2000)

BACKGROUND Marked differences in population based survival across Europe were found for colorectal cancers diagnosed in 1985–1989. AIMS To understand the reasons for these differences in survival in a new analysis of colorectal cancers diagnosed between 1988 and 1991. SUBJECTS A total of 2720 patients with adenocarcinoma of the large bowel from 11 European cancer registries (CRs). METHODS We obtained information on stage at diagnosis, diagnostic determinants, and surgical treatment (not routinely collected by CRs) and analysed the data in relation to three year observed survival, calculating relative risks (RRs) of death and adjusting for age, sex, site, stage, and determinants of stage. RESULTS Three year observed survival rates ranged from 25% (Cracow) to 59% (Modena), and were low in the Thames area (UK) (38%). Survival rates between registries for "resected" patients varied less than those for all patients. When age, sex, and site were considered, RRs ranged from 0.7 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.6–0.9) (Modena) to 2.3 (95% CI 1.9–2.9) (Cracow). After further adjustment by stage, between registry RR variation was between 0.8 (95% CI 0.6–0.9) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.5-2.2). Inter-registry RR differences were slightly reduced when the determinants of stage (number of nodes examined and liver imaging) were included in the model. The reduction was marked for the UK registries. CONCLUSIONS The wide differences across Europe in colorectal cancer survival depend to a large extent on differences in stage at diagnosis. There are wide variations in diagnostic and surgical practices. There was a twofold range in the risk of death from colorectal cancer even after adjustment for surgery and disease stage. * CRs : cancer registries RR : relative risk
Identification of CCR8: A Human Monocyte and Thymus Receptor for the CC Chemokine I-309
Authors: H. Lee Tiffany, Laura L. Lautens, Ji-Liang Gao, James Pease, Massimo Locati, Christophe Combadiere, William Modi, Tom I. Bonner, Philip M. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

The human CC chemokine I-309 is a potent monocyte chemoattractant and inhibits apoptosis in thymic cell lines. Here, we identify a specific human I-309 receptor, and name it CCR8 according to an accepted nomenclature system. The receptor has seven predicted transmembrane domains, is expressed constitutively in monocytes and thymus, and is encoded by a previously reported gene of previously unknown function named, alternatively, CY6, TER1, and CKR-L1. After transfection with the CY6 open reading frame, a mouse pre-B cell line exhibited calcium flux and chemotaxis in response to I-309 (EC50 = 2 nM for each), whereas 20 other chemokines were inactive. Signaling was sensitive to pertussis toxin, suggesting coupling to a Gi-type G protein. These properties parallel those of endogenous I-309 receptors expressed in an HL-60 clone 15 cell line model. The apparent monogamous relationship between I-309 and CCR8 is unusual among known CC chemokines and known CC chemokine receptors. CCR8 may regulate monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell line apoptosis.
Women's Interest in Gene Expression Analysis for Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk
Authors: Suzanne C. O'Neill, Noel T. Brewer, Sarah E. Lillie, Edward F. Morrill, E. Claire Dees, Lisa A. Carey, Barbara K. Rimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Genomic and other technologies are improving the accuracy with which clinicians can estimate risk for recurrence (RFR) of breast cancer and make judgments about potential benefits of chemotherapy. Little is known of how patients will respond to genomic RFR testing or interact with their physicians to make informed decisions regarding treatment. We assessed interest in genomic RFR testing and patient preferences for incorporating results into treatment decision making.One hundred thirty-nine women previously treated for early-stage breast cancer completed surveys that presented hypothetical scenarios reflecting different test outcomes and potential decisions. We assessed women's attitudes toward RFR testing, how results would affect their choices about adjuvant treatment, and potential concerns about and perceived benefits of testing.The majority of participants said they would "definitely" want to be tested (76%), receive their results (87%), and discuss these results with their physicians. They were willing to pay, on average, $997 for testing. Those who expressed more concerns about testing were less interested in testing and in incorporating results into treatment decision making. Participants were more likely to want chemotherapy when presented with high-risk results and would worry more about those results. They were least likely to trust and most likely to express potential anticipated regret in response to intermediate RFR results.Participants expressed strong interest in testing. Although these decisions were sensitive to RFR, participants' complex reactions to intermediate RFR suggest care is needed when communicating such results.
The use of Bisacodyl suppositories in preparation for sigmoidoscopy
Authors: I. L. Evans
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS An excellent view can often be obtained without any preparation, but if faeces obscure the view the immediate use of a rectal suppository may enable a complete sigmoidoscopic examination to be made.The sigmoidoscope has been an essential adjunct to digital and radiological examination of the lower bowel since Bardenheuer first invented the instrument in 1863 (Norbury, 1949).Sigmoidoscopy permits the diagnosis and treatment of many disorders of the bowel, while it is equally valuable for excluding organic lesions in patients with psychological disturbances.In particular almost 80 %
Differential Transplantability of Tumor-Associated Stromal Cells
Authors: Dan G. Duda, Dai Fukumura, Lance L. Munn, Michael F. Booth, Edward B. Brown, Peigen Huang, Brian Seed, Rakesh K. Jain
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract At the time of transplantation, tumor fragments contain “passenger” cells: endothelial cells and other stromal cells from the original host. Here, we investigated the fate of genetically labeled endothelial and nonendothelial stromal cells after transplantation in syngeneic mice. We report that angiogenic stroma associated with tumor or adipose tissue persists when transplanted, remains functional, and governs the initial neovascularization of grafted tissue fragments for more than 4 weeks after implantation. Surprisingly, the passenger endothelial cells survive longer than other stromal cells, which are replaced by host-activated fibroblasts after 3 weeks. The transplantability of tumor stroma suggests that the angiogenic potential of a tumor xenograft, which determines its viability, depends on the presence of passenger endothelial cells and other stromal cells within the xenograft. These studies of tumor tissue transplantation provide a platform for exploring the role of epithelial–stromal interactions in studies of tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance.
TOPICAL RETINOIC ACID IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: R. D. G. PEACHEY, B. L. CONNOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article TOPICAL RETINOIC ACID IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS Get access R. D. G. PEACHEY, R. D. G. PEACHEY St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. L. CONNOR B. L. CONNOR St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 5, 1 November 1971, Pages 462–466, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14054.x Published: 01 November 1971 Article history Accepted: 04 June 1971 Published: 01 November 1971
CD8+ T cell recognition of an endogenously processed epitope is regulated primarily by residues within the epitope.
Authors: Y S Hahn, C S Hahn, V L Braciale, T J Braciale, C M Rice
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize short antigenic peptides associated with cell surface class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This association presumably occurs between newly synthesized class I MHC molecules and peptide fragments in a pre-Golgi compartment. Little is known about the factors that regulate the formation of these antigenic peptide fragments within the cell. To examine the role of residues within a core epitope and in the flanking sequences for the generation and presentation of the newly synthesized peptide fragment recognized by CD8+ CTL, we have mutagenized the coding sequence for the CTL epitope spanning residues 202-221 in the influenza A/Japan/57 hemagglutinin (HA). In this study over 60 substitution mutations in the epitope were tested for their effects on target cell sensitization using a cytoplasmic viral expression system. The HA202-221 site contains two overlapping subsites defined by CTL clones 11-1 and 40-2. Mutations in HA residues 204-213 or residues 210-219 often abolished target cell lysis by CTL clones 11-1 and 40-2, respectively. Although residues outside the core epitope did not usually affect the ability to be lysed by CTL clones, substitution of a Gly residue for Val-214 abolished lysis by clone 11-1. These data suggest that residues within a site that affect MHC binding and T cell receptor recognition appear to play the predominant role in dictating the formation of the antigenic complex recognized by CD8+ CTL, and therefore the antigenicity of the protein antigen presented to CD8+ T cells. Most alterations in residues flanking the endogenously expressed epitope do not appreciably affect the generation and recognition of the site.
Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ali S Omrani, Mustafa M Saad, Kamran Baig, Abdelkarim Bahloul, Mohammed Abdul-Matin, Amal Y Alaidaroos, Ghaleb A Almakhlafi, Mohammed M Albarrak, Ziad A Memish, Ali M Albarrak
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is associated with high mortality and has no approved antiviral therapy. We aimed to compare ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a treatment for patients with severe MERS-CoV infection with a supportive therapy only.In this retrospective cohort study, we included adults (aged ≥16 years) with laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection and pneumonia needing ventilation support, diagnosed between Oct 23, 2012, and May 1, 2014, at the Prince Sultan Military Medical City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). All patients received appropriate supportive care and regular clinical and laboratory monitoring, but patients diagnosed after Sept 16, 2013, were also given oral ribavirin (dose based on calculated creatinine clearance, for 8-10 days) and subcutaneous pegylated interferon alfa-2a (180 μg per week for 2 weeks). The primary endpoint was 14-day and 28-day survival from the date of MERS-CoV infection diagnosis. We used χ(2) and Fischer's exact test to analyse categorical variables and the t test to analyse continuous variables.We analysed 20 patients who received ribavirin and interferon (treatment group; initiated a median of 3 days [range 0-8] after diagnosis) and 24 who did not (comparator group). Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar between groups, apart from baseline absolute neutrophil count, which was significantly lower in the comparator group (5·88 × 10(9)/L [SD 3·95] vs 9·88 × 10(9)/L [6·63]; p=0·023). 14 (70%) of 20 patients in the treatment group had survived after 14 days, compared with seven (29%) of 24 in the comparator group (p=0·004). After 28 days, six (30%) of 20 and four (17%) of 24, respectively, had survived (p=0·54). Adverse effects were similar between groups, apart from reduction in haemoglobin, which was significantly greater in the treatment group than in the comparator group (4·32 g/L [SD 2·47] vs 2·14 g/L [1·90]; p=0·002).In patients with severe MERS-CoV infection, ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a therapy is associated with significantly improved survival at 14 days, but not at 28 days. Further assessment in appropriately designed randomised trials is recommended.None.
Worldwide distribution of human papillomavirus types in cytologically normal women in the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV prevalence surveys: a pooled analysis
Authors: GM Clifford, S Gallus, R Herrero, N Muñoz, PJF Snijders, S Vaccarella, PTH Anh, C Ferreccio, NT Hieu, E Matos, M Molano, R Rajkumar, G Ronco, S de Sanjosé, HR Shin, S Sukvirach, JO Thomas, S Tunsakul, CJLM Meijer, S Franceschi
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
Cytotoxicity of a cell-reactive immunotoxin containing ricin A chain is potentiated by an anti-immunotoxin containing ricin B chain.
Authors: E S Vitetta, R J Fulton, J W Uhr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

In vitro killing of the human Daudi cell line by either univalent [F(ab')] or divalent (IgG) forms of rabbit anti-human Ig (RAHIg) coupled to ricin A chain can be specifically potentiated by a "piggyback" treatment with ricin B chain coupled to goat anti-rabbit Ig (GARIg). When cells are treated with univalent immunotoxin (IT) [F(ab') RAHIg-A] and then cultured, IT can be detected on the cell surface for at least 5 h, since GARIg-B can still enhance killing at this time. These results provide a strategy for in vivo use of A chain- and B chain-containing IT.
Salivary gland swelling following naproxen therapy
Authors: A.C. KNULST, C.J.M. STENGS, H.BAART FAILLE, K. GRAAMANS, R.J. HENE, J.T. COLLET, C.A.F.M. BRUIJNZEEL-KOOMEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We report allergic sialadenitis as a novel side-effect of naproxen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Bilateral swelling of the major salivary glands and a rash occurred a few days after the patient had taken the drug. High-dose systemic corticosteroid therapy was required to control the disorder. Because the salivary gland swelling was not initially recognized as an adverse drug reaction, further doses of naproxen were given on two occasions, with similar results.
Endothelium-Mediated Relaxation of Porcine Collateral-Dependent Arterioles Is Improved by Exercise Training
Authors: Kawanza L. Griffin, Christopher R. Woodman, Elmer M. Price, M. Harold Laughlin, Janet L. Parker
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Endothelium-dependent modulation of coronary tone is impaired in the collateral-dependent coronary microcirculation. We used a porcine model of chronic coronary occlusion and collateral development to evaluate the hypothesis that exercise training enhances endothelium-mediated relaxation and increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) mRNA levels of collateral-dependent microvasculature.Adult female miniature swine were subjected to chronic, progressive ameroid occlusion of the proximal left circumflex coronary artery (LCx); after 2 months, animals were randomly exposed to 16-week exercise-training (EX group; treadmill running) or sedentary (SED group; cage confinement) protocols. After completion of EX or SED programs, coronary arterioles ( approximately 100 microm in diameter) were isolated from collateral-dependent LCx (distal to occlusion) and nonoccluded left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) regions of each heart. Arterioles were studied by in vitro videomicroscopy or frozen for ecNOS mRNA analysis (RT-PCR techniques). Relaxation to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator bradykinin was decreased (P<0.05) in arterioles isolated from collateral-dependent LCx versus nonoccluded LAD regions of SED animals. Bradykinin-mediated relaxation, however, was not different in LCx versus LAD arterioles isolated from EX animals. Nitroprusside-induced relaxation was unaffected by either chronic occlusion or exercise. Importantly, ecNOS mRNA expression was significantly decreased in arterioles isolated from LCx versus LAD regions of SED animals. After training, ecNOS mRNA expression was not different between LAD and LCx arterioles.These data indicate that exercise training enhances bradykinin-mediated relaxation of collateral-dependent LCx arterioles isolated after chronic coronary occlusion, most likely because of effects on ecNOS mRNA expression and increased production of NO.
Splenic regeneration following splenectomy and impact on sepsis: a clinical review
Authors: Manuel Riera, Simon Buczacki, Zulfiqar AJ Khan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

The spleen is a large lymphoid intra‐abdominal organ. It is involved in immunological response, removal of particulate matter and aged or defective blood cells from the circulation.1 Correlation between splenectomy, infection risk and overwhelming sepsis was first reported over 50 years ago.2 The incidence of post‐splenectomy sepsis has been investigated and at‐risk patients stratified. Lowest infection rates have been reported in traumatic splenectomy patients and the highest in those with haematological disorders.3 Given the overall significant risk of post‐splenectomy sepsis, all such patients receive prophylaxis irrespective of the surgical indication. Current guidelines include antibiotic prophylaxis, immunization against pneumococci, meningococci, haemophilus influenza and flu vaccine. Patients need urgent hospital admission if overcome by serious infection and carry health warnings.4 These necessary steps have an obvious impact on their lifestyle.

Splenectomy used to be the only surgical option for trauma patients suffering splenic injuries. In the past two decades the concept of spleen conservation has been widely accepted in selected patients and positive outcomes are reported.5,6 However patients with severe parenchymal tears, active intraabdominal bleeding and complete splenic fragmentation will still require surgery and often will need a splenectomy.7 In this review we studied the role of splenosis and spleen autotransplantation in patients who suffer splenic trauma and their possible protective role on post‐splenectomy sepsis.
Drooping upper eyelids and polycystic kidney disease.
Authors: A Meyrier, P Simon
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Over the last 26 yr, 33 cases and/or families of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and a particular appearance of the eyes have been observed. ADPKD was unremarkable and in most cases had led to the usual slow development of end-stage renal failure. The facial feature concerned the upper eyelid, which drooped obliquely over the eyeball with a fold hiding the upper segment of the iris (blepharochalasis). The aspect was so typical that the diagnosis of ADPKD was suggested on first contact with new renal patients. All affected patients were white, of various origins, including French, Polish, Scandinavian, Italian, and Spanish. In retrospect, drooping eyelids had been present in the parents and/or grandparents who had died of renal failure, with or without an established diagnosis of ADPKD. In order to disclose the cosegregation of blepharochalasis with ADPKD, the screening of its prevalence in a well-circumscribed region with a catchment population of 410,000 was undertaken. The facial feature was found in 24 (32%) of 75 ADPKD families. Family transmission was confirmed in those kindreds, because at least two members suffered from ADPKD. Cosegregation was sought by analyzing family group photographs taken over several generations, the oldest member of which was born in 1973. All members with blepharochalasis had died of renal failure or are presently being followed up for ADPKD. A bibliographic search showed that the association of ocular and/or eyelid deformities and various inborn renal diseases is far from rare, suggesting a simultaneous event in the embryonic timetable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of manually assisted cough and mechanical insufflation on cough flow of normal subjects, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and patients with respiratory muscle weakness
Authors: P Sivasothy
Journal: Thorax (2001)

It has been suggested that cough effectiveness can be improved by assisted techniques. The effects of manually assisted cough and mechanical insufflation on cough flow physiology are reported in this study.The physiological actions and patient self-assessment of manually assisted cough and mechanical insufflation were investigated in 29 subjects (nine normal subjects, eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), four subjects with respiratory muscle weakness (RMW) with scoliosis, and eight subjects with RMW without scoliosis).The peak cough expiratory flow rate and cough expiratory volume were not improved by manually assisted cough and mechanical insufflation alone or in combination in normal subjects. The median increase in peak cough expiratory flow in subjects with RMW without scoliosis with manually assisted cough alone or in combination with mechanical insufflation of 84 l/min (95% confidence interval (CI) 19 to 122) and 144 l/min (95% CI 14 to 195), respectively, reflects improvement in the expulsive phase of coughing by these techniques. Manually assisted cough and mechanical insufflation in combination raised peak expiratory flow rate more than either technique alone in this group. The abnormal chest shape in scoliotic subjects and the fixed inspiratory pressure used made effective manually assisted cough and mechanical insufflation difficult in this group and no improvements were found. In patients with COPD manually assisted cough alone and in combination with mechanical insufflation decreased peak expiratory flow rate by 144 l/min (95% CI 25 to 259) and 135 l/min (95% CI 30 to 312), respectively.Manually assisted cough and mechanical insufflation should be considered to assist expectoration of secretions in patients with RMW without scoliosis but not in those with scoliosis.