tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complications of Femoral and Subclavian Venous Catheterization in Critically Ill Patients&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Jacques Merrer
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextWhether venous catheterization at the femoral site is associated with an increased risk of complications compared with that at the subclavian site is debated.ObjectiveTo compare mechanical, infectious, and thrombotic complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization.Design and SettingConcealed, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted between December 1997 and July 2000 at 8 intensive care units (ICUs) in France.PatientsTwo hundred eighty-nine adult patients receiving a first central venous catheter.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to undergo central venous catheterization at the femoral site (n = 145) or subclavian site (n = 144).Main Outcome MeasuresRate and severity of mechanical, infectious, and thrombotic complications, compared by catheterization site in 289, 270, and 223 patients, respectively.ResultsFemoral catheterization was associated with a higher incidence rate of overall infectious complications (19.8% vs 4.5%; P&lt;.001; incidence density of 20 vs 3.7 per 1000 catheter-days) and of major infectious complications (clinical sepsis with or without bloodstream infection, 4.4% vs 1.5%; P = .07; incidence density of 4.5 vs 1.2 per 1000 catheter-days), as well as of overall thrombotic complications (21.5% vs 1.9%; P&lt;.001) and complete thrombosis of the vessel (6% vs 0%; P = .01); rates of overall and major mechanical complications were similar between the 2 groups (17.3% vs 18.8 %; P = .74 and 1.4% vs 2.8%; P = .44, respectively). Risk factors for mechanical complications were duration of insertion (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.08 per additional minute; P&lt;.001); insertion in 2 of the centers (OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 1.81-11.23; P = .001); and insertion during the night (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.04-4.08; P = .03). The only factor associated with infectious complications was femoral catheterization (hazard ratio [HR], 4.83; 95% CI, 1.96-11.93; P&lt;.001); antibiotic administration via the catheter decreased risk of infectious complications (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18-0.93; P = .03). Femoral catheterization was the only risk factor for thrombotic complications (OR, 14.42; 95% CI, 3.33-62.57; P&lt;.001).ConclusionFemoral venous catheterization is associated with a greater risk of infectious and thrombotic complications than subclavian catheterization in ICU patients.
Heme Iron From Diet as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lu Qi, Rob M. van Dam, Kathryn Rexrode, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes-related metabolic abnormality may aggravate the adverse effects of iron overload on cardiovascular health. However, little is known about whether iron consumption affects coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We prospectively assessed the associations of long-term intakes of dietary iron and red meat with CHD risk among 6,161 women who reported a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS—During 54,455 person-years of follow-up from 1980 through 2000, we documented 550 incident cases of CHD. After adjustment for age and BMI, high intakes of both heme iron and red meat were associated with a significantly increased risk of fatal CHD (P for trend = 0.003 and 0.018), coronary revascularization (P for trend = 0.02 and 0.06), and total CHD (P for trend = 0.0009 and 0.007). Women with the highest intake of heme iron had 50% (6–94%) increased risk of total CHD compared with those with the lowest intake. Further adjustment for other lifestyle and dietary factors did not appreciably change the associations. The positive association between heme iron and red meat intakes and CHD was more evident among postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS—Our data indicate that higher consumption of heme iron and red meat may increase CHD risk among women with type 2 diabetes.
Coverage and error models of protein-protein interaction data by directed graph analysis
Authors: Tony Chiang, Denise Scholtens, Deepayan Sarkar, Robert Gentleman, Wolfgang Huber
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Using a directed graph model for bait to prey systems and a multinomial error model, we assessed the error statistics in all published large-scale datasets for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterized them by three traits: the set of tested interactions, artifacts that lead to false-positive or false-negative observations, and estimates of the stochastic error rates that affect the data. These traits provide a prerequisite for the estimation of the protein interactome and its modules.
Sports related injuries in Scottish adolescents aged 11-15
Authors: J M Williams, P Wright, C E Currie, T F Beattie
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

OBJECTIVES: To measure the age and sex distribution of self reported sports and leisure injuries in a 12 month retrospective recall period among a representative national sample of Scottish adolescents, and to examine the characteristics (gender, age, handedness, and level of sports participation) of sports related injuries in relation to injuries sustained during other activities. DESIGN/SETTING: Self completion questionnaire survey administered in schools during April-June 1994. SUBJECTS: 4710 pupils aged 11, 13, and 15 years drawn from a representative sample of 270 classes with returns from 224 classes (83% completion rate). RESULTS: 42.1% of the sample reported a medically attended injury. These were significantly more frequent among boys but there were no significant age differences in overall frequency of injury. Sport related injuries accounted for 32.2% of all medically attended injuries. As with all injuries, frequency was greater in boys than girls at all ages, and there are differences in the pattern of lesions in sports and nonsports injuries. Lower limb injuries were more frequent than upper limb injury in sports (57.6 v 23.9%), whereas there were no differences in non-sports injuries (31.5 v 31.3%). Age and handedness differences in sports injury rates were also identified. High sports participation was significantly associated with a higher risk of injury in general and sports related injury in particular. CONCLUSION: Age, gender, handedness, and level of sports participation have been shown to be implicated in differential risk of sports related injury. Reducing sports injury among adolescents should be a priority, but research into the injury profiles of different sports is needed before detailed injury prevention strategies can be developed.
Human megakaryocytes. I. Characterization of the membrane and cytoplasmic components of isolated marrow megakaryocytes.
Authors: E M Rabellino, R L Nachman, N Williams, R J Winchester, G D Ross
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Human marrow megakaryocytes have been isolated with high purity and yield by processing marrow cells sequentially through density centrifugation and velocity sedimentation. Analysis of the isolated cells for various platelet-associated components by immunofluorescence demonstrated that fibrinogen, plasma factor VIII antigen (factor VIII:AGN) platelet myosin, platelet glycoproteins I and III are present on the membrane and in the cytoplasm of over 90% of marrow megakaryocytes. Parallel studies of human and mouse megakaryocytes and platelets for IgG receptor (FcR), complement receptor type one (CR1) (C3b receptor), complement receptor type two (CR2) (C3d receptor), and Ia antigen by fluorescence and (or) rosette formation methods were performed. FcR were present on most human megakaryocytes and platelets. The Ia antigen was detected on a proportion (10-15%) of human megakaryocytes but it was undetectable on human platelets. CR1 was found on 20-40% of mouse megakaryocytes and also on a proportion of mouse platelets. These differentiation markers may be of use in monitoring megakaryocyte maturation.
Leveraging State Cancer Registries to Measure and Improve the Quality of Cancer Care: A Potential Strategy for California and Beyond
Authors: R. A. Hiatt, C. G. Tai, D. W. Blayney, D. Deapen, M. Hogarth, K. W. Kizer, J. Lipscomb, J. Malin, S. K. Phillips, J. Santa, D. Schrag
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Despite recent increased attention to healthcare performance and the burden of disease from cancer, measures of quality of cancer care are not readily available. In 2013, the California HealthCare Foundation convened an expert workgroup to explore the potential for leveraging data in the California Cancer Registry (CCR), one of the world's largest population-based cancer registries, for measuring and improving the quality of cancer care. The workgroup assessed current registry operations, the value to be gained by linking CCR data with health insurance claims or encounter data and clinical data contained in health system electronic health records, and potential barriers to these linkages. The workgroup concluded that: 1) The CCR mandate should be expanded to include use of its data for quality of cancer care measurement and public reporting; and 2) a system should be developed to support linkage of registry data with both claims data and provider electronic health record data.
Immunomodulatory Gene Therapy With Interleukin 12 and 4-1BB Ligand: Long- Term Remission of Liver Metastases in a Mouse Model
Authors: O. Martinet
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

The success of immunomodulatory cancer therapy is frequently hampered by the transient nature of the antitumor immune response. We have shown previously in a mouse model that interleukin 12 (IL-12) generates a strong natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antitumor response and reduces liver metastases induced by a colon carcinoma cell line. However, only a small percentage of the treated animals developed the cytotoxic T-lymphocytic response required for a long-term systemic antitumor immunity. 4-1BB is a co-stimulatory molecule expressed on the surface of activated T cells. Interaction of 4-1BB with its natural ligand (4-1BBL) has been shown to amplify T-cell (especially CD8+)-mediated immunity. In this study, we investigated the effects of adenovirus-mediated gene therapy delivering both IL-12 and 4-1BBL genes on mice with hepatic metastases induced by colon cancer cells.Syngeneic BALB/c mice received intrahepatic injection of poorly immunogenic MCA26 colon cancer cells. Various combinations of replication-defective adenoviruses expressing IL-12 and 4-1BBL genes were injected into the established liver tumors. Changes in tumor size and animal survival were then monitored. All statistical tests were two-sided.The long-term survival rate of mice treated with the combination of IL-12 and 4-1BBL was significantly improved over that of animals in the control group (P =.0001). In vivo depletion of NK cells or CD8+ T cells completely abolished the long-term survival advantage of the IL-12 plus 4-1BBL-treated animals (P<.002). Moreover, the systemic immunity induced by this combination treatment protected these animals against a subcutaneous challenge with parental MCA26 cells.Adenovirus-mediated transfer of IL-12 and 4-1BBL genes directly into liver tumors resulted in tumor regression that required both NK and CD8+ T cells and generated a potent, long-lasting antitumor immunity.
Host-cell sensors for Plasmodium activate innate immunity against liver-stage infection
Authors: Peter Liehl, Vanessa Zuzarte-Luís, Jennie Chan, Thomas Zillinger, Fernanda Baptista, Daniel Carapau, Madlen Konert, Kirsten K Hanson, Céline Carret, Caroline Lassnig, Mathias Müller, Ulrich Kalinke, Mohsan Saeed, Angelo Ferreira Chora, Douglas T Golenbock, Birgit Strobl, Miguel Prudêncio, Luis P Coelho, Stefan H Kappe, Giulio Superti-Furga, Andreas Pichlmair, Ana M Vigário, Charles M Rice, Katherine A Fitzgerald, Winfried Barchet, Maria M Mota
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
India is declared free of maternal and neonatal tetanus
Authors: S. Cousins
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Purpose</h3> This study aimed to understand the joint standard of blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure in elderly patients &gt;60 years of age with type 2 diabetes in the Beijing Yongding Road Community. <h3>Methods</h3> One hundred ninety-two elderly patients &gt;60 years of age who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in Yongding Road Community served as the investigation subjects, underwent standard management, and the dynamic changes in blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure were monitored for 48 months. <h3>Results</h3> At the end of the observation period, the standard rates of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose were 72.55% and 80.00%, respectively, which were increased compared with 55.73% and 56.08% at baseline (<i>P</i>&lt;0.01). The standard rate of HbA1c was 59.81%, which was increased compared with 53.44% at baseline (<i>P</i>&gt;0.05). The standard rates of TG and LDL-C were 76.71% and 60.38%, respectively, which were increased compared with 54.69% and 34.74% at baseline, and the standard rate of HDL-C was 13.64%, which was decreased compared with 40.10% at baseline (<i>P</i>&lt;0.01). The standard rate of BP was 58.33%, which was increased compared with 38.54% at baseline (<i>P</i>&lt;0.01). The optimal control rate of blood glucose for 48 months (the standard times of the total measurement times in 48 months ≥75%) was higher; the fasting blood glucose was 52.17%, the 2-h postprandial blood glucose was 60.22%, and the HbA1c was 46.45%. The optimal control rate of blood lipids was lower; LDL-C was 17.49% and HDL-C was 13.59%. The optimal control rate of BP was 9.13%. At the end of the observation period, the levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose were decreased by 0.7 mmol/L and 1.48 mmol/L, respectively, compared with the baseline (<i>P</i>&lt;0.01). The level of HbA1c was decreased by 0.18% compared with the baseline (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05). The levels of LDL-C and HDL-C were decreased by 0.4 mmol/L and 0.23 mmol/L, respectively, compared with the baseline (<i>P</i>&lt;0.01). The levels of SBP and DBP were decreased by 4 mmHg compared with the baseline (<i>P</i>&lt;0.01). At the end of the observation period, the joint standard rate of the three indices of HbA1c, LDL-C, and BP was 24.72%, which was increased compared with 6.25% at baseline (<i>P</i>&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Standardized management of elderly patients with diabetes in the Community can improve the joint standard rate of blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. The optimal control rate and joint standard rate are the important indices for evaluating the quality of diabetes management.
Pierre Adolphe Piorry (1794-1879): pioneer of percussion and pleximetry.
Authors: A Sakula
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Piorry was born in Poitiers on 31 December 1794. As a medical student he served in the Napoleonic war in Spain. His teachers in medicine included Corvisart, Bayle, Broussais, and Magendie; he qualified in 1816 with an MD thesis: "On the danger of reading medical text books by the laity"! Laënnec9s invention of the stethoscope (1816) and De l9 Auscultation Médiate (1819) inspired Piorry to make an analogous contribution to the technique of percussion (which had been originally described by Auenbrugger in his Inventum Novum in 1761 and translated from the Latin into French by Corvisart in 1808). This led to Piorry9s invention in 1826 of the pleximeter (le plessimétre) to help outline the internal organs (l9organographisme), which he described inDe la Percussion Médiate (1828). Piorry became renowned as a professor of medicine in many of the great Parisian hospitals (Charité, Pitié, and Hôtel Dieux). In 1832 he was appointed to L9Hospice de la Salpétrière, where he held a famous course of clinical lectures. He wrote prolificly on many aspects of medicine and published more than twenty books. He was, in addition, a poet of some distinction, and wrote a remarkable long poem Dieu, L9Ame et la Nature (1853). Piorry held his neologisms-for example, toxin, toxaemia, septicaemia, etc.-are still in use. This, together with the mixed reception that his advocacy of pleximetry received from his medical contemporaries, made him a controversial figure. He died on 29 May 1879.
STUDIES ON PNEUMOCOCCUS GROWTH INHIBITION
Authors: Shutai T. Woo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

Employing a method, described in an earlier publication, for testing the pneumococcidal activity of serum-leucocyte mixtures, a study has been made of the pneumococcus-destroying properties of the blood of a relatively susceptible animal, the rabbit, for pneumococci of low virulence for the species. It was found that rabbit serum-leucocyte mixtures possessed the power to kill avirulent pneumococci in relatively large numbers but failed to inhibit the growth of virulent organisms even in minute quantities. The results of numerous experiments in which all three types of pneumococci were employed indicated that the ability of a strain of pneumococcus to grow in rabbit blood is dependent on its virulence for the rabbit. The extreme susceptibility of the very young rabbit to strains of pneumococcus of low virulence for the full grown animal, was found to be associated with an absence of pneumococcidal properties in the blood of the young rabbit. These findings suggest that the relatively susceptible animals possess the same type of defense mechanism against pneumococcus infection as do the highly pneumococcus-resistant species.
Improving the quality of palliative care for ambulatory patients with lung cancer
Authors: Christian von Plessen, Aslak Aslaksen
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Problem</b> Most patients with advanced lung cancer currently receive much of their health care, including chemotherapy, as outpatients. Patients have to deal with the complex and time consuming logistics of ambulatory cancer care. At the same time, members of staff often waste considerable time and energy in organisational aspects of care that could be better used in direct interaction with patients. <b>Design</b> Quality improvement study using direct observation and run and flow charts, and focus group meetings with patients and families regarding perceptions of the clinic and with staff regarding satisfaction with working conditions. <b>Setting</b> Thoracic oncology outpatient clinic at a Norwegian university hospital where patients receive chemotherapy and complementary palliative care. <b>Key measures for improvement</b> Waiting time and time wasted during consultations; calmer working situation at the clinic; satisfaction among patients. <b>Strategies for change</b> Rescheduled patients9 appointments, automated retrieval of blood test results, systematic reporting in patients9 files, design of an information leaflet, and refurnishing of the waiting area at the clinic. <b>Effects of change</b> Interventions resulted in increased satisfaction for patients and staff, reduced waiting time, and reduced variability of waiting time. <b>Lessons learnt</b> Direct observation, focus groups, questionnaires on patients9 satisfaction, and measurement of process time were useful in systematically improving care in this outpatient clinic. The description of this experience can serve as an example for the improvement of a microsystem, particularly in other settings with similar problems.
Gene-expression profiles and transcriptional regulatory pathways that underlie the identity and diversity of mouse tissue macrophages
Authors: Emmanuel L Gautier, Tal Shay, Jennifer Miller, Melanie Greter, Claudia Jakubzick, Stoyan Ivanov, Julie Helft, Andrew Chow, Kutlu G Elpek, Simon Gordonov, Amin R Mazloom, Avi Ma'ayan, Wei-Jen Chua, Ted H Hansen, Shannon J Turley, Miriam Merad, Gwendalyn J Randolph
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Mechanism of T-cell help in the immune response to soluble protein antigens. I. Evidence for in situ generation and action of T-cell-replacing factor during the anamnestic response to dinitrophenyl keyhole limpet hemocyanin in vitro.
Authors: A Schimpl, E Wecker, T Hünig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The involvement of a nonantigen-specific T-helper factor in the anamnestic immune response to dinitrophenyl keyhole limpet hemocyanin is demonstrated employing cultures of unseparated spleen cell populations. In such cultures of primed and boosted spleen cells, a good IgG anti-DNP response could be obtained if the hapten was presented on a heterologous carrier, provided that the homologous carrier was added simultaneously. T-cell depletion and reconstitution experiments show that such a factor, presumably identical with T-cell-replacing factor is produced by primed helper cells upon rechallenge and helps primed B cells, stimulated by soluble heterologous carrier hapten conjugates, to become IgG-secreting cells.
Of babies and bathwater, and rabbits and rabbit holes: A plea for conflict prevention, not conflict promotion
Authors: Miles Hewstone, Hermann Swart, Gordon Hodson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Dixon et al. overlook the fact that contact predicts not only favorable out-group attitudes/evaluations, but also cognitions, affect, and behavior. The weight of evidence supporting the benefits of intergroup contact cautions against throwing the (contact) baby out with the bathwater. The goal to “ignite struggles” in pursuit of social equality, we argue, incautiously risks hurling us down the proverbial rabbit hole.
Atopic disease and serum immunoglobulin-E
Authors: HENRY E. JONES, JOYCE C. INOUYE, JOSEPH L. McGERITY, CHARLES W. LEWIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Fifty-seven subjects, forty-three with various combinations of atopic disease and fourteen non-atopic controls, were studied using a battery of immediate skin test allergens and a radio-immunoassay for serum Immunoglobulin-E (IgE). The geometric mean serum IgE level (units/ml) was 50 in strictly nonatopic controls, 170 in atopic respiratory disease (ARD) patients, 320 in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients and 772 in those patients with both AD-ARD. The marked elevation of the serum IgE in the latter group was not associated with respiratory disease activity and not closely correlated with extent of the dermatitis, but may relate to patients with both AD-ARD being 'highly atopic'. Overall, there was no correlation between the serum IgE level and the frequency of positive skin tests. Compared to ARD patients, the serum of AD patients contained more IgE, yet they reacted significantly less frequently to common extrinsic allergens.
Appropriate and inappropriate neuroendocrine products in pulmonary tumourlets.
Authors: J Gosney, A R Green, W Taylor
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Pulmonary tumourlets are focal aggregates of neuroendocrine cells that occur in the periphery of the lung and may be associated with chronic inflammation and scarring. Six such lesions were seen in five lungs from a series of 35 pairs of lungs studied at necropsy. All were immunoreactive for neurone-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5, and a range of neuroendocrine products. Of the peptides found in neuroendocrine cells in normal human lungs, gastrin releasing peptide was present in all tumourlets and calcitonin in all but one; none contained leucineenkephalin. Of a series of peptide and protein hormones not present in the neuroendocrine cells of healthy human lungs, growth hormone was present in all six tumourlets and adrenocorticotrophin in two. Identical patterns of peptide expression were displayed by neuroendocrine cells in the airway associated with the tumourlets in two cases. Such cells were increased in number and abnormally clustered. Aberrant expression of peptides might accompany the morphological changes in the pulmonary neuroendocrine cells seen in diseased lungs, their florid focal proliferation occasionally resulting in the formation of a tumourlet.