tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of strategies for the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism
Authors: Pierre-Marie Roy, Isabelle Colombet, Pierre Durieux, Gilles Chatellier, Hervé Sors, Guy Meyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Benzylamine, a substrate of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), stimulates glucose transport in rat adipocytes and improves glucose disposal in diabetic rats only in the presence of vanadate. These effects have been described to result from a synergism between the hydrogen peroxide formed during amine oxidation and vanadate, via the generation of pervanadate, a powerful insulin mimicker. However, it has also been reported that benzylamine alone can stimulate glucose uptake and inhibit lipolysis in human fat cells. In this work, we therefore investigated whether benzylamine on its own was able to induce both in vivo and in vitro insulin-like responses in animal models other than rat. In rabbits, the i.v. infusion of 7 μmol/kg benzylamine before a glucose tolerance test resulted in a net reduction of the hyperglycemic response without a change in insulin secretion. Benzylamine also improved glucose tolerance and reduced lipid mobilization in hyperglycemic/obese mice. In vitro, 0.1 mM benzylamine stimulated glucose transport and inhibited lipolysis in mouse and rabbit adipocytes. These effects were blocked by previous treatments with semicarbazide, a SSAO inhibitor. Levels of benzylamine oxidation were more elevated in mouse than in rabbit adipose tissues, whereas the reverse was observed for skeletal muscles. Finally, benzylamine was unable to stimulate insulin secretion by isolated pancreatic islets from both species and SSAO activity was hardly detectable in pancreas. Together, our results bring evidence that benzylamine on its own can improve glucose tolerance in rabbit and mouse, likely by stimulating glucose uptake via amine oxidase activation in insulin-sensitive tissues.
Interleukin 6, a Nuclear Factor-κB Target, Predicts Resistance to Docetaxel in Hormone-Independent Prostate Cancer and Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibition by PS-1145 Enhances Docetaxel Antitumor Activity
Authors: Josep Domingo-Domenech, Cristina Oliva, Ana Rovira, Jordi Codony-Servat, Marta Bosch, Xavier Filella, Clara Montagut, Marian Tapia, Clara Campás, Lenny Dang, Mark Rolfe, Jeffrey S. Ross, Pere Gascon, Joan Albanell, Begoña Mellado
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate whether nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/interleukin 6 (IL-6) was linked to docetaxel response in human prostate cancer cell lines, and whether inhibition of NF-κB sensitized tumor cells to docetaxel. We also aimed to correlate IL-6 (as a surrogate marker of NF-κB) and docetaxel response in hormone-independent prostate cancer (HIPC) patients. Experimental Design: Hormone-dependent (LNCaP) and hormone-independent (PC-3 and DU-145) prostate cancer cell lines were exposed to docetaxel alone or combined with the NF-κB inhibitor PS-1145 (an inhibitor of IκB kinase-2). Effects of dose, exposure time, and schedule dependence were assessed. Activation of NF-κB was assayed by electrophoresis mobility shift assay and luciferase reporter assay, IL-6 levels by ELISA, and cell viability by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Apoptosis was also measured by detection of cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In patients with metastatic HIPC receiving docetaxel-based chemotherapy, IL-6 serum levels were assayed before chemotherapy and every 3 to 4 weeks thereafter. Results: PC-3 and DU-145 cells had higher NF-κB activity, secreted more IL-6, and were more resistant to docetaxel than LNCaP cells. NF-κB activity was induced by docetaxel. Cotreatment with docetaxel and PS-1145 prevented docetaxel-induced NF-κB activation, reduced IL-6 production, and increased docetaxel effects on cell viability in PC-3 and DU-145 cells but not in LNCaP. Synergism with docetaxel and PS-1145, as assayed by median-effect principle, was observed in DU-145 and PC-3. In HIPC patients, pretreatment IL-6 serum levels correlated to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response: median IL-6 level was 10.8 ± 9.5 pg/mL in PSA responders versus 36.7 ± 20.8 pg/mL (P = 0.006) in nonresponders. A PSA response was also linked to a decline in IL-6 levels during treatment. Median overall survival was 6.8 months in patients with high IL-6 versus 16.6 months in those with low IL-6 (P = 0.0007). On multivariate analysis, pretreatment IL-6 (P = 0.05) was an independent prognostic factor for time to disease progression and survival. Conclusions: Inhibition of NF-κB emerges as an attractive strategy to enhance docetaxel response in prostate cancer. The interest of this view is further supported by a significant association between high IL-6 in sera of HIPC patients and decreased response to docetaxel.
Hysterectomy, endometrial ablation, and levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding: cost effectiveness analysis
Authors: T. E. Roberts, A. Tsourapas, L. J. Middleton, R. Champaneria, J. P. Daniels, K. G. Cooper, S. Bhattacharya, P. M. Barton
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To undertake a cost effectiveness analysis comparing first and second generation endometrial ablative techniques, hysterectomy, and the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for treating heavy menstrual bleeding.Model based economic evaluation with data from an individual patient data meta-analysis supplemented with cost and outcome data from published sources taking an NHS (National Health Service) perspective. A state transition (Markov) model was developed, the structure being informed by the reviews of the trials and clinical input. A subgroup analysis, one way sensitivity analysis, and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were also carried out.Four hypothetical cohorts of women with heavy menstrual bleeding.One of four alternative strategies: Mirena, first or second generation endometrial ablation techniques, or hysterectomy.Cost effectiveness based on incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY).Hysterectomy is the preferred strategy for the first intervention for heavy menstrual bleeding. Although hysterectomy is more expensive, it produces more QALYs relative to other remaining strategies and is likely to be considered cost effective. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio for hysterectomy compared with Mirena is £1440 (€1633, $2350) per additional QALY. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio for hysterectomy compared with second generation ablation is £970 per additional QALY.In light of the acceptable thresholds used by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, hysterectomy would be considered the preferred strategy for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. The results concur with those of other studies but are highly sensitive to utility values used in the analysis.
Large-Scale Analyses of Glycosylation in Cellulases
Authors: Fengfeng Zhou, Victor Olman, Ying Xu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2009)

Abstract Cellulases are important glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) that hydrolyze cellulose polymers into smaller oligosaccharides by breaking the cellulose β (1→4) bonds, and they are widely used to produce cellulosic ethanol from the plant biomass. N-linked and O-linked glycosylations were proposed to impact the catalytic efficiency, cellulose binding affinity and the stability of cellulases based on observations of individual cellulases. As far as we know, there has not been any systematic analysis of the distributions of N-linked and O-linked glycosylated residues in cellulases, mainly due to the limited annotations of the relevant functional domains and the glycosylated residues. We have computationally annotated the functional domains and glycosylated residues in cellulases, and conducted a systematic analysis of the distributions of the N-linked and O-linked glycosylated residues in these enzymes. Many N-linked glycosylated residues were known to be in the GH domains of cellulases, but they are there probably just by chance, since the GH domain usually occupies more than half of the sequence length of a cellulase. Our analysis indicates that the O-linked glycosylated residues are significantly enriched in the linker regions between the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) domains and GH domains of cellulases. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF HEAT UPON OPERATIONS FOR EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE
Authors: A. J. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1923)

1045~the inispired air with oxvgen usually, if not always, gives relief.On the other hand, when the symptoms are duie primarily to a slowing of the whole circulation or a circula- tory deficiency due to a local vascular lesion, the administra- tion of oxvgen may have little or no effect.The reasons for this would seem to be self-evident.In certain cases, however, the administration of oxygen may give relief when not expected to do so; on the contrary, its failure to be efficacious is sometimes experienced when a good result wouldl be most expected.A more thorough examination of these cases usually indicates that a combination of these causes is operative.To what extent either factor predominates may, however, be difficult to ascertain.If the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is to be increased the inspired air must be enriched with oxygen by the timyie it enters the nasopharynx.This necessitates the administration of a sufficient quantity of oxygen a minute by somne apparatus which will ensure its being inhaled.The
A CASE OF ECLAMPSIA TREATED WITH SPINAL ANAESTHESIA
Authors: R. H. Paramore
Journal: BMJ (1930)

c.sist miiy colleague Dr. Wauigli the treatment of a case of eclailipsia.I suggested tlhat the admiiinistiation of chiloo- formi, if it was not alreadyl ill progrless, slhould be started at onice.On my arrival I fouind a "young, massive womani lvin(g on her side in bed.Slhe w-as almiiost fully dressed, was under the influenice of cliloroforin, comatose, an id-l Lreathing stertorously.Tlhe r'ooiii was dismanltled for
Human osteoblasts support hematopoiesis through the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Authors: R S Taichman, S G Emerson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Previous attempts at identifying the constitutive source(s) of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in human bone marrow have been unsuccessful despite the fact that normal bone marrow supports abundant myelopoiesis in vivo. We hypothesized that the intimate physical association between bone and hematopoietic cells facilitates interactions between osteoblasts and hematopoietic stem cells. Here we provide the first direct evidence that human osteoblasts participate in hematopoiesis by constitutively producing G-CSF and present the protein in a membrane-associated fashion to human hematopoietic progenitors. These results suggest a direct and central role for osteoblasts in normal myelopoiesis.
Restricted expression of anti-type II collagen antibody isotypes in mice suppressed for collagen-induced arthritis.
Authors: T.F Kresina, C.K Finegan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The present study details the time course and isotype distribution of the immune response to type II collagen in collagen-induced arthritic mice and mice suppressed for collagen-induced arthritis. The serum of arthritic mice was observed to contain significantly higher (p less than 0.005) concentrations of antibodies to type II collagen than that of mice suppressed for arthritis at all times tested. For the arthritic mice anti-type II collagen antibodies ranged from 0.2 +/- 0.2 (SD) to 6.1 +/- 0.7 mg/ml (g/l). Serum values for mice suppressed for arthritis ranged from 0.05 +/- 0.04 to 0.6 +/- 0.04 mg/ml. Analysis of the isotypes of these responses showed an expression of anticollagen molecules restricted to the IgG1 subclass in mice suppressed for collagen arthritis throughout the time course (p less than 0.01). The data indicate that mice suppressed for collagen-induced arthritis can mount a primary and secondary immune response to the arthrogenic stimuli. This response, however, is mainly restricted to the IgG1 subclass of antibodies. This restricted subclass expression of anticollagen antibodies may represent a mechanism of suppression of arthritis in the murine model of collagen-induced arthritis.
Abstract 13311: Low Serum Albumin Concentration is Associated With Poor Post-Transplant Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Heart Transplantation
Authors: Tomoko S Kato, Faisal H Cheema, Jonathan Yang, Hiroo Takayama, Yoshifumi Naka, Maryjane Farr, Donna Mancini, P. Christian Schulze
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background.  The association between post-transplant survival and pre-transplant characteristics in patients (pts) undergoing heart transplantation (HTx) are not yet fully elucidated. Hypoalbuminemia is a marker of malnutrition, inflammation, impaired hepatic synthesis and overall catabolic status. We tested the impact of pre-transplant albumin levels (Alb) on post-transplant outcome in pts undergoing HTx.   Methods.  We analyzed 743 pts undergoing HTx at Columbia University Medical Center between 1999 and 2010. Pre-transplant laboratory examination associated with 3-year survival was evaluated by multivariate analysis and its cut-off value was determined by ROC curve. Post-HTx survival for all studied pts was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test. Available data from the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) (n=13,773) was also analyzed.   Results.  Serum Alb concentration was lower, and total bilirubin concentration was higher in pts who died within 3 years (n=153) compared to those who survived longer than 3 years (n=513) (3.7±0.7 vs. 4.0±0.6mg/dL, p 3.5mg/dL (p 3.5mg/dL (3-year and 5-year survival, 77.7 vs. 82.3 %, 71.6 vs. 75.5%, respectively, p   Conclusions.  Pre-transplant hypoalbuminemia indicates poor post-transplant prognosis. Attention to correct nutrition, inflammation and hepatic function to normalize serum Alb concentration before HTx could be an effective way to improve post-transplant survival.
Randomized Comparison of Prasugrel (CS-747, LY640315), a Novel Thienopyridine P2Y <sub>12</sub> Antagonist, With Clopidogrel in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Stephen D. Wiviott, Elliott M. Antman, Kenneth J. Winters, Govinda Weerakkody, Sabina A. Murphy, Bruce D. Behounek, Robert J. Carney, Charles Lazzam, Raymond G. McKay, Carolyn H. McCabe, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Despite the current standard antiplatelet regimen of aspirin and clopidogrel (with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors) in percutaneous coronary intervention patients, periprocedural and postprocedural ischemic events continue to occur. Prasugrel (CS-747, LY640315), a novel potent thienopyridine P2Y(12) receptor antagonist, has the potential to achieve higher levels of inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation than currently approved doses of clopidogrel.Joint Utilization of Medications to Block Platelets Optimally-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 26 (JUMBO-TIMI 26) was a phase 2, randomized, dose-ranging, double-blind safety trial of prasugrel versus clopidogrel in 904 patients undergoing elective or urgent percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were randomized to either standard dosing with clopidogrel or 1 of 3 prasugrel regimens. Subjects were monitored for 30 days for bleeding and clinical events. The primary end point of the trial was clinically significant (TIMI major plus minor) non-CABG-related bleeding events in prasugrel- versus clopidogrel-treated patients. Hemorrhagic complications were infrequent, with no significant difference between patients treated with prasugrel or clopidogrel in the rate of significant bleeding (1.7% versus 1.2%; hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.40, 5.08). In prasugrel-treated patients, there were numerically lower incidences of the primary efficacy composite end point (30-day major adverse cardiac events) and of the secondary end points myocardial infarction, recurrent ischemia, and clinical target vessel thrombosis.In this phase 2 study, which was designed to assess safety when administered at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention, prasugrel and clopidogrel both resulted in low rates of bleeding. The results of this trial serve as a foundation for the large phase 3 clinical trial designed to assess both efficacy and safety.
cAC10-vcMMAE, an anti-CD30–monomethyl auristatin E conjugate with potent and selective antitumor activity
Authors: Joseph A. Francisco, Charles G. Cerveny, Damon L. Meyer, Bruce J. Mixan, Kerry Klussman, Dana F. Chace, Starr X. Rejniak, Kristine A. Gordon, Ron DeBlanc, Brian E. Toki, Che-Leung Law, Svetlana O. Doronina, Clay B. Siegall, Peter D. Senter, Alan F. Wahl
Journal: Blood (2003)
Heteromultimeric Kv1.2-Kv1.5 Channels Underlie 4-Aminopyridine-Sensitive Delayed Rectifier K <sup>+</sup> Current of Rabbit Vascular Myocytes
Authors: Paul M. Kerr, Odile Clément-Chomienne, Kevin S. Thorneloe, Tim T. Chen, Kuniaki Ishii, David P. Sontag, Michael P. Walsh, William C. Cole
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

The molecular identity of vascular delayed rectifier K + channels (K DR ) is poorly characterized. Inhibition by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) of K DR of rabbit portal vein (RPV) myocytes was studied by patch clamp and compared with that of channels composed of Kv1.5 and/or Kv1.2 subunits cloned from the RPV and expressed in mammalian cells. 4-AP block of K DR was pulse-frequency dependent, required channel activation, and was associated with a positive shift in voltage dependence of activation. 4-AP caused a voltage-dependent reduction in mean open time of K DR . Relief of 4-AP block of whole cell currents during washout required channel activation and was unaffected by voltage. Homotetrameric Kv1.5 channels did not exhibit the shift in voltage dependence of activation exhibited by the native channels. In contrast, Kv1.2 channels displayed a shift in voltage dependence of activation, and this characteristic was also evident during 4-AP treatment when Kv1.2 was coexpressed with Kv1.5 or coupled to Kv1.5 in a tandem construct to produce heterotetrameric [Kv1.5/Kv1.2] 2 channels. K DR currents were not sensitive to charybdotoxin, which blocks homotetrameric Kv1.2 channels. The findings of this study (1) indicate that vascular K DR are inhibited by 4-AP via an open-state block mechanism and trapping of the drug within the pore on channel closure and (2) provide novel evidence based on a comparison of functional characteristics that indicate the dominant form of vascular K DR channel complex in RPV involves the heteromultimeric association of Kv1.2 and Kv1.5 subunits.
THE SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE OF THE NORMAL RABBIT MEASURED BY A SLIGHTLY MODIFIED VAN LEERSUM METHOD
Authors: R. Dominguez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The blood pressure and pulse rate of 90 normal rabbits have been studied for various periods of time, from 1 day (accidental death interrupting the observation) to 15 months. The main data are presented in a table containing the blood pressure and pulse rate on the 1st day of observation, the maximum and minimum of both during the entire period of observation of each animal, together with the sex and weight of the animal. Separate tables are given showing the distribution of blood pressure, pulse rate and the "maximum" blood pressure by animals. Detailed data on two animals observed for the longest time are given in tabular form. The anatomical changes that occur in some carotids enclosed in a loop are described and discussed. Considerations on "excitement" and pathological conditions which arise spontaneously in rabbits are given. A criterion for a pathologically high blood pressure in rabbits is proposed. The blood pressure of the normal rabbit ranges between 70 and 170 mm. Hg. The pulse rate, taken simultaneously with the blood pressure, fluctuates between 112 and 300 per minute.
Mechanisms Involved in the Hypersecretion of Aldosterone During Sodium Depletion
Authors: JAMES O. DAVIS, PETER F. BINNION, TORREY C. BROWN, C. I. JOHNSTON
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The primary mechanism leading to hypersecretion of aldosterone during sodium depletion in the dog is increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system. Loss of salt and water leads to renin release and increased aldosterone and corticosterone secretion. Plasma renin was elevated within one hour after diuretic administration. The increase in corticosterone production was transient; return of corticosterone to the control level appears to be mediated by the negative corticosteroid feedback mechanism via the anterior pituitary. It is suggested that the role of ACTH in aldosterone production during sodium depletion is a supportive one. In severe sodium depletion decreased plasma sodium and increased plasma potassium concentrations further augment the hypersecretion of aldosterone.
Effectiveness of positron emission tomography in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspected non-small-cell lung cancer: the PLUS multicentre randomised trial
Authors: Harm van Tinteren, Otto S Hoekstra, Egbert F Smit, Jan HAM van den Bergh, Ad JM Schreurs, Roland ALM Stallaert, Piet CM van Velthoven, Emile FI Comans, Fred W Diepenhorst, Paul Verboom, Johan C van Mourlk, Pieter E Postmus, Maarten Boers, Gerrit JJ Teule
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Implications of Childhood Trauma for Depressed Women: An Analysis of Pathways From Childhood Sexual Abuse to Deliberate Self-Harm and Revictimization
Authors: Gemma L Gladstone, Gordon B Parker, Philip B Mitchell, Gin S Malhi, Kay Wilhelm, Marie-Paule Austin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

Data from depressed women with and without a history of childhood sexual abuse were used to characterize clinical features that distinguished the two groups and to examine relationships of childhood sexual abuse to lifetime deliberate self-harm and recent interpersonal violence.One hundred twenty-five women with depressive disorders were interviewed and completed self-report questionnaires. Path analysis was used to examine relationships of several childhood and personality variables with deliberate self-harm in adulthood and recent interpersonal violence.Women with a childhood sexual abuse history reported more childhood physical abuse, childhood emotional abuse, and parental conflict in the home, compared to women without a childhood sexual abuse history. The two groups were similar in severity of depression, but the women with a childhood sexual abuse history were more likely to have attempted suicide and/or engaged in deliberate self-harm. The women with a history of childhood sexual abuse also became depressed earlier in life, were more likely to have panic disorder, and were more likely to report a recent assault. Path analysis confirmed the contributory role of childhood sexual abuse to deliberate self-harm and the significance of childhood physical abuse for recent interpersonal violence.Childhood sexual abuse is an important risk factor to identify in women with depression. Depressed women with a childhood sexual abuse history constitute a subgroup of patients who may require tailored interventions to combat both depression recurrence and harmful and self-defeating coping strategies.