tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential Induction of Suppressor Macrophages by Cloned Lewis Lung Carcinoma Variants in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M R Young, M Newby
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The splenic T-lymphocyte blastogenic and natural killer cell (NK) activities of C57BL/6 mice bearing cloned metastatic C3 or nonmetastatic C8 variants of the Lewis lung carcinoma were suppressed. The suppression was greater in mice bearing the metastatic C3 tumors than the nonmetastatic C8 tumors, although primary tumor sizes were similar. Macrophages were shown to cause this differential in immune responsiveness, while depletion of splenic macrophages by adherence restored the T-cell and NK responses. Also, splenic macrophages from C3 tumor bearers were more suppressive to normal spleen cell activities than were splenic macrophages from C8 tumor bearers. The suppression by the macrophages of C3 bearers was indomethacin sensitive and was associated with an increased secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Normal macrophages incubated with C3 culture supernatants were more suppressive to NK and T-cell activities and secreted more PGE2 than did macrophages incubated with the C8 supernatants or with medium. This finding suggested that the immune suppression in mice bearing C3 tumors was initiated by a soluble tumor factor(s) that stimulated the development of prostaglandin-dependent suppressor macrophages. An in vivo study examined if treating C3-bearing mice with indomethacin to prevent the prostaglandin-dependent macrophage suppressor activity would influence host survival. The survival time of C3-bearing mice treated with indomethacin was prolonged. These results suggest that the macrophage-mediated immune suppression induced by tumor cells may facilitate tumor growth and metastasis.
Lack of evidence for a role of chemotherapy in the routine management of locally advanced head and neck cancer.
Authors: I F Tannock, G Browman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Numerous single-arm studies have shown that chemotherapy may produce a high rate of response and rapid shrinkage of tumor when used before radiation and/or surgery in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Despite this high rate of tumor response, randomized controlled trials do not indicate any consistent improvement in survival for patients receiving chemotherapy as compared with patients receiving local treatment alone. This population of patients often has poor performance status, and chemotherapy invariable adds some toxicity. Also, studies in animals suggest that some types of chemotherapy given before local radiation or surgery might increase the probability of distant metastases. Apart from pilot studies of feasibility, all future trials of chemotherapy should involve a randomized comparison with a group of patients receiving radiation and/or surgery alone. At present, chemotherapy has no place in the routine management of primary head and neck cancer.
The role of natural killer (NK) cell expansion and activation on the <b><i>in vivo</i></b> anti-tumor activity of immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) CC4047 plus rituximab in a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) lymphoma mouse model
Authors: N. M. Reddy, F. J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, M. S. Czuczman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2556 Background: The biological effects of IMiDs are presumably mediated by downregulation of NF-κB activity in lymphoma cells and activation of the innate immune system. We previously demonstrated significant antitumor activity by combining IMiDs with rituximab in vivo (ASH; 2003, Abstract #242). In our present work we further investigate the basis for the biological interactions between rituximab and IMiDs. Methods: Specifically, 6-week old NK-cell depleted SCID mice were inoculated by tail vein injection with 1 x 106 Raji cells on day 0. NK-cells were depleted by intraperitoneal (ip) administration of an anti-IL2 receptor antibody on day -1. Animals were divided into four groups and received placebo; CC4047; rituximab; or rituximab (10mg/kg administered via tail vein injection on days +5, +10, +15 and +20) and CC4047 (0.5mg/kg/day given ip two consecutive days before each rituximab dose). A parallel study using NK-cell intact lymphoma-bearing SCID mice was performed. The end point of the study was survival, defined as the time to develop central nervous system disease manifested by limb paralysis. In addition, changes in NK-cell activation were studied by flow cytometric analysis following IMiD therapy at various time intervals. Results: In vivo treatment of SCID mice with CC4047 resulted in NK-cell expansion. In NK-cell intact SCID mice, the addition of CC4047 to rituximab led to prolongation in survival (median survival 74 days) compared to animals treated with rituximab alone [38 days, P= 0.001). Depletion of NK-cells resulted in a loss of the synergistic activity of CC4047 on rituximab. The survival of NK-cell depleted mice treated with rituximab and CC4047 was similar to those treated with rituximab monotherapy (P= 0.485). Conclusions: Our experiments demonstrate that by expanding NK cells, CC4047 enhances the biological activity of rituximab. Improving NK cell function, such as by CC4047-priming, increases the antitumor effects of rituximab against B-cell lymphomas and warrants further exploration in the context of a clinical trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Children of Depressed Parents—A Public Health Opportunity
Authors: Myrna M. Weissman
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Referrals for pulmonary hypertension rise by 21% in five years, audit finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The number of new referrals of patients with pulmonary hypertension has increased by 21% in the past five years, figures from a UK national audit have shown.

The National Audit of Pulmonary Hypertension1 collects information on clinical practice, epidemiology, and clinical outcomes from the United Kingdom’s eight specialised pulmonary hypertension centres. It aims to improve the planning of services and care for patients with pulmonary hypertension—a rare heart and lung condition defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 25 mm Hg or higher …
Pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical phase II trial of imatinib in patients with impaired liver function and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: F. Eckel, S. von Delius, M. Dobritz, F. Fend, C. Hosius, E. Schleyer, E. Schulte-Frohlinde, R. M. Schmid, C. Lersch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4135 Background: While HCC is one of the most common cancers worldwide, no effective chemotherapy for advanced stages exists. Expression of PDGF receptor has been demonstrated on some hepatoma cell lines. Furthermore HCC may derive from hepatic stem cells that express c-kit. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of imatinib, a tyrosin kinase inhibitor of PDGFR and c-kit, in pts with advanced HCC, and of imatinib PKs in pts with impaired liver function. Methods: Pts with histologically proven advanced HCC, not eligible for surgery or locoregional treatment, with adequate organ function (bilirubin < 2x ULN, ALT/AST < 5x ULN, creatinine < 1.5x ULN, platelets > 70,000) were treated with imatinib 400 mg daily. After 2 weeks the dose was increased to 600 mg depending on toxicity. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for PDGFR and c-kit. Response was assessed by CT scans every 8 weeks. 74 plasma samples for PKs were assessed. Results: 17 pts, 15 evaluable for response were enrolled. 11 (65%) pts had liver cirrhosis, 5 (31%) were positive for anti-HCV, and 1 (6%) had hereditary hemochromatosis. Only 1 of 15 tumors assessed was positive for PDGFR and none of 14 positive for c-kit. Child-Pugh score was A and B in 13 (77%) and 4 (24%) pts and Okuda stage I and II in 8 (47%) and 9 (53%) pts, respectively. CLIP score was as follows: 1 (12%), 2 (18%), 3 (47%), 4 (24%). Grade 3–4 leukopenia occurred in 2 pts, of whom 1 had neutropenic fever. 1 episode of grade 3 diarrhea and 6 episodes of grade 3 edema occurred. There was no objective response and 5 (33%) pts had stable disease. Others failed treatment due to progression (60%, including 4 (27%) early deaths) and 1 (7%) early death not caused by HCC nor toxicity. Median time to treatment failure was 1.8 mos and 3.7 mos in pts with SD. In pts treated with 400 mg imatinib there were no significant differences in PKs (t½ 22.0 vs 26.6 h, AUC 32.0 vs 31.7 μg*h/ml, Cmax 1.20 vs 1.38 μg/ml, clearance 210 vs 221 ml/min) compared with CML pts. Conclusions: In this small group of pts with advanced, mostly PDGFR and c-kit negative HCC, imatinib showed no therapeutic effect. Imatinib PKs were not significantly influenced by impaired liver function as compared with CML pts. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis
Improvements in fluorouracil chemotherapy?
Authors: L H Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.10.1377 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 2674329 Improvements in fluorouracil chemotherapy? L H EinhornxL H EinhornSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1989.7.10.1377 First Page PDF © 1989 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Preoperative radiation in combination with uracil/tegafur (UFT) and mitomycin C (MMC) in locally advanced rectal adenocarinoma
Authors: C. Gemici, A. Mayadagli, T. Salepci, G. Yaprak, O. O. Seseogullari, F. Tugrul
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

13512 Background: Preoperative chemoradiation has become the standard treatment approach not only for tumor downstaging, but also for adjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas (Sauer et al. NEJM 2004). The most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent with preoperative radiation is either bolus or infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). These combinations produce pathologic complete responses in the range of 10–30%. Continuous infusion of 5-FU has proven to be superior to bolus 5-FU, when given during radiation. However widespread use of continuous infusion 5-FU has been limited by the need for an indwelling venous catheter and portable infusion pump. UFT acting like infusional 5-FU, offers the advantage of oral administration. Response to preoperative chemoradiation is associated with higher sphincter preservation and survival rates. UFT, MMC (a hypoxic cell cytotoxin) combination during preoperative radiation may improve the response rates. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy (pCR) and toxicity of this combination. Methods: 26 patients with biopsy proven non metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma were included. Clinical T and N stages, determined by pelvic MRI were; 10/26 cT3, 16/26 cT4, 10/26 cN0, and 16/26 cN+. Pelvic radiotherapy was administered with 6 or 15 MV photons to 46 Gy in 23 fractions over 5 weeks, with four field technique in prone position. During radiotherapy, patients received UFT, 300 mg/m 2 divided in two daily doses, five days a week, from Monday to Friday, starting on the first day, ending on the last day of radiation, together with bolus injection of MMC, 10 mg/m 2 , once in the morning of the first day of radiaton. Surgery was performed 6 or more weeks after the radiation treatment has ended. Results: Acute grade III/IV toxicity was observed in 6 out of 26 patients. Diarrhea, 3 grIII, 1 grIV. Neutropenia, 1 grIII. Dermatitis, 1 grIII. Tumor downstaging was observed in 16 patients out of 26 (62%). Nodal sterilization was obtained in 11 patients out of 16 (69%), with a pathologic complete response in 3 out of 26 patients (11%). Conclusions: Preoperative radiation concurrent with UFT and MMC has a good activity, with manageable acute toxicity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 11295: Beneficial Effect of a Point-of-Care Bleeding Risk Calculator on Anticoagulant Selection and Resource Utilization: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jocelyn Kerl, Frank Spexarth, Rachel Pedersen, Maria Stone, Suhail Allaqaband, James L Schulgit, Tanvir Bajwa, Anjan Gupta, Anthony C DeFranco
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: ACC/AHA guidelines do not recommend a preferred anticoagulant for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data suggest that in patients at high bleeding risk, bivalirudin decreases bleeding compared to unfractionated heparin. National registries demonstrate a “risk-treatment paradox,” i.e. patients at high bleeding risk are less likely to receive bivalirudin than patients at low bleeding risk. Hypothesis: Objectives of this pilot study were to estimate periprocedural bleeding risk prior to PCI using a validated risk-scoring tool (NCDR risk model) and document subsequent changes in anticoagulant use and bleeding. Methods: In a baseline population (n=2,331) that underwent a total of 814 elective PCI procedures from April 2011 to March 2012, we retrospectively established a pre-PCI bleeding risk calculator that distinguished patients as high (score ≥12) or low bleeding risk (<12). Results: During the pilot period (1/14/2013 to 5/3/2013), four cardiologists completed 101 elective PCIs. There w...
Abstract 10754: Dobutamine Stress Real Time Perfusion Echocardiography Identifies Significant Coronary Artery Disease and Predicts Outcome in Patients With End Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Transplant Evaluation
Authors: Rawa Sarji, Stacey L Therrien, Robin High, Clifford Miles, Thomas R Porter
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: The utility of dobutamine stress real time perfusion echocardiography (DS-RTPE) to identify patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and predict outcomes has been well validated. How...
Prevention of passive smoking exposure in children at risk for asthma: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Sasha Hutchinson, Ilse Mesters, Onno van Schayck, Edward Dompeling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: 50% of children worldwide are exposed to second-hand smoking (SHS) or passive smoking, which is difficult to influence. We hypothesised that an effective intervention is possible by means of an individualized tailored program with repeated contacts, motivational interviewing, attention for barriers and needs of parents, and feedback on the children's urine cotinine levels and lung function.

Objectives: 1) to assess the prevalence of SHS in children; 2) to study the feasibility of the innovative intervention towards stopping of SHS in children.

Methods: 1) 10.000 families with children ≤13 years received a questionnaire about smoking and respiratory symptoms; 2) 11 families were recruited for the pilot study during two months which was given by two trained counsellors and evaluated with a questionnaire.

Results: Response rate for the initial questionnaire was 1075 (9.3%). Smoking by 1 or more parents was reported in 244 (22.7%) families, with 142 (58.2%) thereof smoking in the presence of their children at home. Among these exposed children, 56 (41.2%) are at risk for asthma. 11 parents participated in the pilot study. Before the intervention, 6 (54.5%) parents fully agreed that stopping SHS exposure to their children is of great importance, 2 (33.3%) reported that it would be easy to accomplish. Already after two counselling sessions, 10 (90.9%) parents were planning to stop SHS exposure to their children.

Conclusion: These results show that SHS exposure in children is still an important problem in our society. The pilot study demonstrates good feasibility of the new intervention program. The intervention will be further tested in a one year follow-up randomised control trial.
Lack of an Elevated Risk of Malignant Melanoma in Relation to Oral Contraceptive Use&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S P Helmrich, L Rosenberg, D W Kaufman, D R Miller, D Schottenfeld, P D Stolley, S Shapiro
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Epidemiologic and laboratory data suggest an effect of oral contraceptives (OC) on the risk of malignant melanoma. This relationship was explored in a hospital-based case-control study of 160 women with malignant melanoma and 640 matched controls, all of whom were white and 20-59 years of age. A total of 63 cases (39%) had used OC compared with 270 controls (42%), yielding a relative risk estimate of 0.9 (95% confidence interval: 0.6-1.3). When a number of potential confounding factors were simultaneously controlled, the relative risk estimate was 0.8 (0.5-1.3). For use that lasted 5 or more years the estimate was 0.9 (0.5-1.6). The level of tumor invasion was not related to OC use. The evidence from this study suggests that OC, even when used for 5 or more years, do not increase the risk of malignant melanoma.
The weekly triplet: Gemcitabine, carboplatine and paclitaxel as first line therapy for advanced urothelial cancer
Authors: G. Y. Chahine, J. G. Kattan, F. S. Farhat, F. L. Nasr, W. T. Moukaddem, E. A. Tueini, J. E. Dagher, F. C. Younes, M. G. Ghosn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4704 Background: To assess the efficacy of the association of gemcitabine, carboplatine and paclitaxel given in a weekly basis for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer as first line therapy. Other objectives were response duration and the toxicity profile. Methods: This phase II study included gemcitabine: 800mg/m2, carboplatine: AUC = 2 and paclitaxel: 60mg/m2 given at days 1 and 8 in a 21 day cycle. Eligible patients had to have measurable disease, ECOG PS £ 2, adequate bone marrow, rena,l cardiac, and liver functions. In the absence of disease progression, treatment should be given for six cycles. Toxicities were recorded at D1 and D8 of each cycle and disease assessment after three and six cycles. Results: From November 2001 to November 2003, 26 patients (pts) were enrolled. There were 23 males and 3 females. Mean age was 66 (extremes 43 to 83). The primary tumor was in the bladder in 24 pts and in the renal pelvis in 2 pts. 4 pts received previous adjuvant chemotherapy (2 MVAC and 2 CMV). Metastatic sites were lymphnodes in 12, bone in 12, lung in 9, liver in 8, and pleura in 1. Mean number of cycles per patient was 3.8 (extremes 1to 6). Toxicities were mild including: grade III- IV neutropenia in 4 pts, febrile neutropenia in 1 pt, grade III-IV anemia in 3 pts, grade II alopecia in 5 pts, and grade 2 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 myalgia in 2 pts each. Objective response (OR) was assessed in 21 pts (2 early death and 3 ongoing). There were 4 Complete Response, and 6 Partial Response, with 47,6% OR. There were also 3 Stable Disease and 8 Disease Progression. OR duration was 6.4 months (extremes 5 to 12). After a median follow up of 11.2 months (extremes 1 to 26), 12 pts died from Disease Progression. Median survival time was 7.11 months (extremes 1 to 18+). Conclusion: This weekly triplet is a well tolerable regimen offering an interesting efficacy (OR : 47.6%) and needs further evaluation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Breastfeeding Pep Talk
Authors: Rachel Osborn
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Surface EMG of the diaphragm is a different measure to OAHI in children's sleep studies
Authors: Sandra Chuang, Jane Butler, Simon Gandevia, Arthur Teng, Hiran Selvadurai, Adam Jaffe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  Obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI) does not take into account the level of work of breathing when used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.  Aim  1) To measure quantitatively the surface EMG of the diaphragm (sEMGdia) and hence work of breathing in normal snorers, children with increased work of breathing (WOB) but no OSA, and children with OSA. 2) To determine the relationship between sEMGdia and OAHI.  Methods  Sleep studies were divided into 3 groups: 1. ‘Normal snorers’ who had an OAHI   1/hour. In each child, 2 excerpts consisting of 10 consecutive breaths during each stage of sleep (light sleep, deep sleep, and REM sleep) were exported from the Compumedics Profusion 3 system to the Spike2 data acquisition and analysis system for analysis of sEMGdia.  Results  The 3 ‘Normal snorers’ (age 0.92-8.6 years) had lower pooled sEMG dia  5.41uV (mean, SD 1.43) compared to the 4 children with OSA (age 2.9-6.6 years; sEMG dia  18.87uV, SD 10.91). The 4 children in WOB group (age 1.5-5.7 years) had increased respiratory effort compared to normal snorers, with sEMG dia  14.97uV, SD 13.51.  OAHI did not correlate with sEMG dia .  Conclusions  sEMG dia  hence work of breathing can be elevated in children with normal sleep study (OAHI  dia  appears to be a different measure to OAHI. Larger study is needed.