tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Barriers to transition care in inflammatory bowel disease: a survey of adult and paediatric gastroenterologists in the UK
Authors: S. Sebastian, H. Jenkins, I. Arnott, N. Croft, T. Ahmad, S. McCartney, R. K. Russell, J. O. Lindsay
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Preliminary data highlight the importance of appropriate <i>transition</i> for successful <i>transfer</i> of adolescents with IBD from paediatric to adult care. However, the ideal transition service has not been defined. The aim of this study was to identify both the perceived needs of adolescent IBD patients and the barriers to successful transition from the perspective of professionals involved in their care. <h3>Methods</h3> A postal questionnaire was distributed to UK adult and paediatric gastroenterologists with an interest in IBD. The questionnaire utilised closed questions as well as ranked items on the importance of the various competencies of adolescents with IBD required for successful transition. The data is presented as mean scores±SD for aspects of the competencies. <h3>Results</h3> The response rate for paediatric and adult gastroenterologists was 53.7% (71/132) and 49.3% (358/729) respectively (p=NS). A structured transition service was perceived as very important by 80.28% paediatric gastroenterologists compared to only 47.55 adult gastroenterologists (p=0.001). The suggested median age for initiation and completion of <i>transition</i> by both groups was 16 and 18 years respectively. A higher proportion of adult than paediatric gastroenterologists identified inadequacies in the preparation of adolescents for transfer 79.1% and 42.2% p=0.001). The main areas identified by adult gastroenterologists were patient lack of knowledge about the condition and treatment (35.4%) and co-ordination of care (40.1%) while paediatric gastroenterologists identified lack of self advocacy (30.9%) and co-ordination (29.5%). Lack of resources, clinical time and a critical mass of patients were the factors ranked highest by both paediatric and adult gastroenterologists as barriers to transition care. A significant proportion of adult (65.2%) and paediatric gastroenterologists (61.9%) highlighted suboptimal training for adult gastroenterologists in the care of adolescents and young adults with chronic diseases. Transition services appear to be more established in teaching hospital settings although there were marked regional differences. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This survey highlights differences in the perception of adult and paediatric gastroenterologists in the management of transition care for adolescents with IBD. The perceived competencies that patients require also differed between the two groups of healthcare professionals. Lack of training and inadequate resources are the main barriers identified for development of a successful transition service. This survey provides data which may have implications in developing structured transition care services across the country.
Dose–response relationship of resistance training in older adults: a meta-analysis
Authors: Fairhall Nicola, Sherrington Catherine
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

1. Steib SD, 2. Schoene D, 3. Pfeifer K . Dose–Response Relationship of Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010;42:902–14. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Age-related decline in strength is associated with loss of mobility, functioning and independence. It is clear that resistance training benefits older people by increasing strength and improving some aspects of functioning.1 However, the optimal dose and type of resistance training is uncertain. While previous reviews have compared intervention and control resistance training programmes, the results of studies directly comparing different doses or types of resistance training have not been combined. This systematic review by Steib and colleagues aimed to synthesise the best available evidence comparing the effectiveness of different types, intensities, frequencies, volumes and durations of resistance training on strength and functioning in older adults. Three databases (Medline, the Cochrane Library and PEDro) were searched up until August 2008 and reference lists of obtained studies were screened. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials in adults with a mean age of 65 years or older that compared … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DMedicine%2Band%2BScience%2Bin%2BSports%2Band%2BExercise%26rft.stitle%253DMedicine%2Band%2BScience%2Bin%2BSports%2Band%2BExercise%26rft.aulast%253DSteib%26rft.auinit1%253DS.%26rft.volume%253D42%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D902%26rft.epage%253D914%26rft.atitle%253DDose-response%2Brelationship%2Bof%2Bresistance%2Btraining%2Bin%2Bolder%2Badults%253A%2Ba%2Bmeta-analysis.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1249%252FMSS.0b013e3181c34465%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F19996996%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c34465&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=19996996&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fbjsports%2F45%2F3%2F233.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000276752400009&link_type=ISI
Selected Infectious Agents and Risk of Schizophrenia Among U.S. Military Personnel
Authors: David W Niebuhr, Amy M Millikan, David N Cowan, Robert Yolken, Yuanzhang Li, Natalya S Weber
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

A number of studies have reported associations between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and the risk of schizophrenia. Most existing studies have used small populations and postdiagnosis specimens. As part of a larger research program, the authors conducted a hypothesis-generating case control study of T. gondii antibodies among individuals discharged from the U.S. military with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and serum specimens available from both before and after diagnosis.The patients (N=180) were military members who had been hospitalized and discharged from military service with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Healthy comparison subjects (3:1 matched on several factors) were members of the military who were not discharged. The U.S. military routinely collects and stores serum specimens of military service members. The authors used microplate-enzyme immunoassay to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels to T. gondii, six herpes viruses, and influenza A and B viruses and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody levels to T. gondii in pre- and postdiagnosis serum specimens.A significant positive association between the T. gondii IgG antibody and schizophrenia was found; the overall hazard ratio was 1.24. The association between IgG and schizophrenia varied by the time between the serum specimen collection and onset of illness.The authors found significant associations between increased levels of scaled T. gondii IgG antibodies and schizophrenia for antibodies measured both prior to and after diagnosis.
Surgery in acute patellar dislocation--evaluation of the effect of injury mechanism and family occurrence on the outcome of treatment.
Authors: H Mäenpää, M U Lehto
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

A retrospective study was made of 270 patients and 284 knees with acute patellar dislocation treated operatively. The mean follow up time was 4.1 years. Medical history revealed 21.1% of cases with previous dislocations and 15.6% of cases with family occurrence of patellar dislocation. The dislocation resulted from an athletic performance in 41.5% of cases. The sport events most often associated with patellar dislocation were soccer, gymnastics, and ice hockey. All cases were treated with reefing of medial capsule. Release of lateral patellar retinacula was performed in 243 cases. Two cases were treated primarily with the Elmslie-Roux-Trillat procedure. The subjective result of operative treatment was better and the redislocation rate was lower if the injury mechanism was traumatic rather than non-traumatic and if there was no history for family occurrence of patellar dislocation.
Repurposing an old drug: A low‐cost allergy medication provides new hope for hepatitis C patients
Authors: Zhilei Chen, Charles M. Rice
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

1Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and ImmunologiesTexas A&M University Health Science CenterCollege StationTX 2Laboratory of Virology and Infectious DiseaseRockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody and nimustine as combined therapy: Effects on tumor growth and angiogenesis in human glioblastoma xenografts
Authors: Shingo Takano, Koji Tsuboi, Akira Matsumura, Tadao Nose
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2003)

We evaluated the effectiveness of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade alone and in combination with 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU, nimustine), a cytotoxic agent commonly used in the treatment of malignant gliomas, to eradicate tumors of human glioblastoma cell lines implanted in SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. ACNU, but not cisplatin and etoposide, elevated VEGF expression in a glioma cell line in vitro. VEGF antibody alone inhibited glioma growth in vivo as a result of angiogenesis inhibition. The combination with ACNU resulted in an additive effect for inhibition of glioma growth. ACNU also induced VEGF up-regulation in glioma tissues, which was decreased with VEGF antibody treatment. One of the mechanisms of the additive effect of the VEGF antibody and ACNU combination is the blockade of VEGF up-regulation induced by ACNU. As such, the combination of antiangiogenic therapy with conventional therapy is promising for glioma treatment in the future.
Intermittent Transdermal Nitroglycerin Therapy
Authors: John D. Parker, Andrea B. Parker, Bernice Farrell, John O. Parker
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Intermittent transdermal nitroglycerin therapy is effective in the treatment of stable angina and prevents the development of tolerance. Previous investigations have suggested that removal of nitroglycerin patches may be associated with a decrease in anginal threshold. This study examines the effect of nitroglycerin patch removal on anginal threshold in a group of patients with stable angina.Twelve patients with stable angina were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. These patients had reproducible treadmill walking times and were taking no other long-acting antianginal medications or vasodilators. They received 0.8 mg/h transdermal nitroglycerin or wore a matching placebo patch for 5 to 7 days and then crossed over to the other treatment arm of the study. Transdermal nitroglycerin was applied at 8:00 PM and removed at 8:00 AM each day. On the last day of each treatment period, patients underwent treadmill exercise testing at 8:00 AM (before patch removal) and at 2, 4, and 6 hours after patch removal. The primary end point was the treadmill walking time until moderate angina (P2). Other end points included the treadmill walking time until onset of angina (P1), the amount of ST segment depression at P1 and P2, and treadmill walking time until the development of 1 mm ST depression. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and the rate-pressure product were determined at rest before exercise and at P1 and P2. At 8:00 AM P1 and P2 were not significantly affected by active nitroglycerin compared with placebo, indicating the development of tolerance. Removal of the active transdermal nitroglycerin patch was associated with a significant decrease in the time to P1 at 2, 4, and 6 hours after patch removal compared with placebo. There was also a decrease in the time to P2 after active patch removal that was statistically significant compared with placebo at 2 and 4 hours and was of borderline significance at 6 hours. There were no differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or amount of ST segment depression at either P1 or P2 after active compared with placebo patch removal.In patients with stable angina pectoris, intermittent transdermal nitroglycerin therapy is associated with a decrease in anginal threshold for 4 to 6 hours after patch removal. Although the cause of this phenomenon remains uncertain, it may be due to counterregulatory responses that develop during nitroglycerin patch application.
Effects of artemisinin derivatives on malaria transmissibility
Authors: R.N Price, F Nosten, C Luxemburger, F.O ter Kuile, L Paiphun, R.N Price, C Luxemburger, T Chongsuphajaisiddhi, N.J White, R.N Price, F Nosten, N.J White, F.O ter Kuile
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
Spt5 accumulation at variable genes distinguishes somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells from ex vivo–activated cells
Authors: Robert W. Maul, Zheng Cao, Lakshmi Venkataraman, Carol A. Giorgetti, Joan L. Press, Yves Denizot, Hansen Du, Ranjan Sen, Patricia J. Gearhart
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Variable (V) genes of immunoglobulins undergo somatic hypermutation by activation-induced deaminase (AID) to generate amino acid substitutions that encode antibodies with increased affinity for antigen. Hypermutation is restricted to germinal center B cells and cannot be recapitulated in ex vivo–activated splenic cells, even though the latter express high levels of AID. This suggests that there is a specific feature of antigen activation in germinal centers that recruits AID to V genes which is absent in mitogen-activated cultured cells. Using two Igh knock-in mouse models, we found that RNA polymerase II accumulates in V regions in B cells after both types of stimulation for an extended distance of 1.2 kb from the TATA box. The paused polymerases generate abundant single-strand DNA targets for AID. However, there is a distinct accumulation of the initiating form of polymerase, along with the transcription cofactor Spt5 and AID, in the V region from germinal center cells, which is totally absent in cultured cells. These data support a model where mutations are prevalent in germinal center cells, but not in ex vivo cells, because the initiating form of polymerase is retained, which affects Spt5 and AID recruitment.
Norathyriol Suppresses Skin Cancers Induced by Solar Ultraviolet Radiation by Targeting ERK Kinases
Authors: Jixia Li, Margarita Malakhova, Madhusoodanan Mottamal, Kanamata Reddy, Igor Kurinov, Andria Carper, Alyssa Langfald, Naomi Oi, Myoung Ok Kim, Feng Zhu, Carlos P. Sosa, Keyuan Zhou, Ann M. Bode, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is the leading factor in the development of skin cancer, prompting great interest in chemopreventive agents for this disease. In this study, we report the discovery of norathyriol, a plant-derived chemopreventive compound identified through an in silico virtual screening of the Chinese Medicine Library. Norathyriol is a metabolite of mangiferin found in mango, Hypericum elegans, and Tripterospermum lanceolatum and is known to have anticancer activity. Mechanistic investigations determined that norathyriol acted as an inhibitor of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activity to attenuate UVB-induced phosphorylation in mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling cascades. We confirmed the direct and specific binding of norathyriol with ERK2 through a cocrystal structural analysis. The xanthone moiety in norathyriol acted as an adenine mimetic to anchor the compound by hydrogen bonds to the hinge region of the protein ATP-binding site on ERK2. Norathyriol inhibited in vitro cell growth in mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells at the level of G2–M phase arrest. In mouse skin tumorigenesis assays, norathyriol significantly suppressed solar UV–induced skin carcinogenesis. Further analysis indicated that norathyriol mediates its chemopreventive activity by inhibiting the ERK-dependent activity of transcriptional factors AP-1 and NF-κB during UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Taken together, our results identify norathyriol as a safe new chemopreventive agent that is highly effective against development of UV-induced skin cancer. Cancer Res; 72(1); 260–70. ©2011 AACR.
Managing demand: transfer of management of self limiting conditions from general practice to community pharmacies
Authors: K. Hassell, Z. Whittington, J. Cantrill, F. Bates, A. Rogers, P. Noyce
Journal: BMJ (2001)

medicine 115 (12.2) NA Bought over the counter medicine (non-exempt patients) NA 8 (1.4) Received pharmacy advice only NA 9 (1.6)
Antarctic environment and nail growth
Authors: K.M. DONOVAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Nail growth of all fingers was measured on 13 men wintering in Antarctica. A mean rate of 109-5 micrometer/day was found with the longer digits having faster growth. No significant difference was demonstrated between the warmer and colder months of the study period. Monthly variations suggested that subjects had an individual rate irrespective of environmental influences. Comparison with previous studies both in polar and temperature conditions showed growth rates in Antarctica have increased progressively; present values being comparable with observations in temperate climates.
Early-Onset Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Is Associated with Female Sex, Maternal Factors, and African American Race in the COPDGene Study
Authors: Marilyn G. Foreman, Lening Zhang, James Murphy, Nadia N. Hansel, Barry Make, John E. Hokanson, George Washko, Elizabeth A. Regan, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Dawn L. DeMeo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

The characterization of young adults who develop late-onset diseases may augment the detection of novel genes and promote new pathogenic insights.We analyzed data from 2,500 individuals of African and European ancestry in the COPDGene Study. Subjects with severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=70, age < 55 yr, FEV1 < 50% predicted) were compared with older subjects with COPD (n =306, age >64 yr, FEV1 <50% predicted).Subjects with severe, early-onset COPD were predominantly females (66%), P =0.0004. Proportionally,early-onset COPD was seen in 42% (25 of 59) of African Americans versus 14% (45 of 317) of non-Hispanic whites, P <0.0001. Other risk factors included current smoking (56 vs. 17%, P < 0.0001) and self-report of asthma (39 vs. 25%, P =0.008). Maternal smoking (70 vs. 44%, P=0.0001) and maternal COPD (23 vs.12%, P=0.03) were reported more commonly in subjects with early-onset COPD. Multivariable regression analysis found association with African American race, odds ratio (OR), 7.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3–24; P ¼=0.0007); maternal COPD, OR, 4.7 (95% CI,1.3–17; P=0.02); female sex, OR, 3.1 (95% CI, 1.1–8.7; P=0.03); and each pack-year of smoking, OR, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96–1.0; P ¼ 0.03).These observations support the hypothesis that severe, early-onset COPD is prevalent in females and is influenced by maternal factors. Future genetic studies should evaluate (1) gene-by-sex interactions to address sex-specific genetic contributions and (2) gene-by-race interactions.
Technological Innovations in Clinical Assessment and Psychotherapy
Authors: Paul M G Emmelkamp
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

In this paper the application of computer technology and the use of the Internet in mental health care are critically reviewed. A number of on-line screening devices have been developed for anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and substance abuse disorders, with great potential for clinical practice. On line assessment is generally equivalent to clinical assessment. A number of studies have shown that self-help treatment programmes on stand-alone computers are as effective as routine clinical care. The Internet enhances the therapeutic possibilities of computers by offering feedback of therapists and more tailor-made treatment. A number of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have shown that Internet-based treatment is more effective than no-treatment and as effective as face-to-face treatment. Research so far has been limited to anxiety disorders, burn-out, depression, headache, insomnia, tinnitus and obesity. Further, exposure through virtual reality has been found effective in a number of RCTs in specific phobias, but results with respect to the effects of the use of virtual reality techniques to other disorders are inconclusive. It is concluded that computer-driven assessment and treatment has many advantages and few disadvantages. A number of reasons are discussed which will preclude large-scale implementation of computer-driven assessment and therapy in the near future.
Inpatient Versus Outpatient Management of Low-Risk Pediatric Febrile Neutropenia: Measuring Parents' and Healthcare Professionals' Preferences
Authors: Lillian Sung, Brian M. Feldman, Gina Schwamborn, Diana Paczesny, Ashley Cochrane, Mark L. Greenberg, Anne Marie Maloney, Eleanor I. Hendershot, Ahmed Naqvi, Maru Barrera, Hilary A. Llewellyn-Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Our primary objective was to describe and compare parents' and healthcare professionals' strength of preference scores for outpatient oral antibiotic relative to inpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment for low-risk febrile neutropenic children. Our secondary objective was to identify predictors of strength of preference for oral outpatient treatment.Respondents were parents of children receiving cancer chemotherapy, and pediatric oncology healthcare professionals. First, the inpatient and outpatient options were described, and the respondent indicated their initially preferred option. The respondent next ranked how important seven factors (including "fear/anxiety" and "comfort") were in making their initial choice. The threshold technique was then used to elicit the respondent's strength of preference score for oral outpatient, relative to parenteral inpatient management.There were 75 parent and 42 healthcare-professional respondents. There was no significant difference (P =.08) in the proportions of parents (40 of 75; 53%) and healthcare professionals (30 of 42; 71%) who initially would choose outpatient management. For parents, stronger preference for oral outpatient therapy was associated with higher anticipated quality of life for the parent and child at home relative to hospital, lower importance rank for "fear/anxiety," and higher importance rank for "comfort." Conversely, for professionals, only lower importance rank for "fear/anxiety" was associated with higher strength of preference scores for outpatient oral antibiotic management.Only 53% of parents would choose outpatient oral antibiotic management for low-risk febrile neutropenia. Predictors of strength of preference scores for outpatient oral antibiotic relative to inpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment differed between parent and professional respondents.
Broadening the horizons for yellow fever
Authors: Heather L. Van Epps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The vaccine against yellow fever is one of the safest and most effective ever developed. With an outstanding record in humans, has this live attenuated vaccine been overlooked as a promising vector for the development of vaccines against pathogens outside its own genus? Recent studies, including a report by Tao et al. on page 201 of this issue, have sparked renewed interest.
Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy of liver cirrhosis in rats
Authors: Takahiro Ueki, Yasufumi Kaneda, Hiroko Tsutsui, Kenji Nakanishi, Yoshiki Sawa, Ryuichi Morishita, Kunio Matsumoto, Toshikazu Nakamura, Hiroshi Takahashi, Eizo Okamoto, Jiro Fujimoto
Journal: Nature Medicine (1999)