tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Propranolol Decreases Tachycardia and Improves Symptoms in the Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Satish R. Raj, Bonnie K. Black, Italo Biaggioni, Sachin Y. Paranjape, Maricelle Ramirez, William D. Dupont, David Robertson
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) induces disabling chronic orthostatic intolerance with an excessive increase in heart rate on standing. beta-Blockade is an appealing treatment approach, but conflicting preliminary reports are conflicting. We tested the hypothesis that propranolol will attenuate the tachycardia and improve symptom burden in patients with POTS. In protocol 1, a low dose (20 mg) was compared with placebo, and the dose response was assessed in protocol 2.In protocol 1, patients with POTS (n=54) underwent acute drug trials of propranolol 20 mg orally and placebo, on separate mornings, in a randomized crossover design. Blood pressure, heart rate, and symptoms were assessed while the patients were seated and after standing for up to 10 minutes before and hourly after the study drug. Supine (P<0.001) and standing (P<0.001) heart rates were significantly lower after propranolol compared with placebo. The symptom burden improvement from baseline to 2 hours was greater with propranolol than placebo (median, -4.5 versus 0 arbitrary units; P=0.044). In protocol 2, 18 patients with POTS underwent similar trials of high-dose (80 mg) versus low-dose (20 mg) propranolol. Although the high dose elicited a greater decrease than the low dose in standing heart rate (P<0.001) and orthostatic tachycardia (P<0.001), the improvement in symptoms at 2 hours was greater with low-dose propranolol (-6 versus -2 arbitrary units; P=0.041).Low-dose oral propranolol significantly attenuated tachycardia and improved symptoms in POTS. Higher-dose propranolol did not further improve, and may worsen, symptoms.
Immunological properties of hyaluronidases associated with temperate bacteriophages of group A streptococci.
Authors: L C Benchetrit, L W Wannamaker, E D Gray
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The antigenic relationships of hyaluronidases, bound and free, associated with temperate bacteriophages of group A streptococci were examined with antibody against purified whole phage and with antibody against phage-bound enzyme released by urea and purified to homogeneity. Studies performed by double diffusion in agar (ouchterlony) with antibody against the homologous purified enzyme from a temperate phage of a type 49 streptococcus indicated that the bound and free enzyme gave a single line of identity and that the free hyaluronidase activities in induced lysates of four strains of M type 49 streptococci were immunologically indistinguishable but different from the enzyme in induced lysates of a heterologous type. The four M type 49 strains were from widely different geographical or temporal sources and of different phage subtypes as determined by lyxic patterns. These findings were confirmed in studies that employed a functional assay of enzyme neutralization. An immunoglobulin preparation of antiserum against the purified enzyme as well as one against homologous purified whole phage neutralized the hyaluronidase activity produced by induction of the M type 49 strains and present either phage-bound or soluble in phage-free lysates. These immunoglobulin preparations had little effect on the hyaluronidase activities present in phage-lysates of other M types of group A streptococci. Inhibition of propagation of temperate phages by antibody against the purified phage hyaluronidase paralleled the neutralization of phage-associated enzyme activity by this antibody, indicating that antibody to the purified enzyme can inhibit phage infection. Antibody preparations against the purified phage-bound enzyme or against purified whole phage did not neutralize the extracellular hyaluronidase in the supernate of an uninduced culture of M type 4 streptococci. A human serum strongly inhibitory for the extracellular enzyme of this strain or on the purified phage enzyme from an M type 49 strain. The results support the view that the hyaluronidases associated with the temperate bacteriophages from various M types of group A streptococci do not share common antigenic determinants but that an immunological specificity exists that parallels the serologic specificity of the M protein of the host strains.
Scheduled Change of Antibiotic Classes
Authors: MARIN H. KOLLEF, JON VLASNIK, LINDA SHARPLESS, CHRISTINA PASQUE, DENISE MURPHY, VICTORIA FRASER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a scheduled change of antibiotic classes, used for the empiric treatment of suspected gram-negative bacterial infections, on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and nosocomial bacteremia. Six hundred eighty patients undergoing cardiac surgery were evaluated. During a 6-mo period (i.e., the before-period), our traditional practice of prescribing a third generation cephalosporin (ceftazidime) for the empiric treatment of suspected gram-negative bacterial infections was continued. This was followed by a 6-mo period (i.e., the after-period) during which a quinolone (ciprofloxacin) was used in place of the third-generation cephalosporin. The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was significantly decreased in the after-period (n = 327) compared with the before-period (n = 353) (6.7 versus 11.6%; p = 0.028). This was primarily due to a significant reduction in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia attributed to antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria (0.9 versus 4.0%; p = 0.013). Similarly, we observed a lower incidence of bacteremia attributed to antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria in the after-period compared with the before-period (0.3 versus 1.7%; p = 0.125). These data suggest that a scheduled change of antibiotic classes can reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia attributed to antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria.
MOUSE ISOANTIGENS: SEPARATION OF SOLUBLE TL (THYMUS-LEUKEMIA) ANTIGEN FROM SOLUBLE H-2 HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN BY COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: D. A. L. Davies, E. A. Boyse, L. J. Old, Elisabeth Stockert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Mouse H-2 histocompatibility antigen has been extracted, solubilized, and partly purified from the cells of an A strain spontaneous leukemia carrying TL (thymus-leukemia) antigens. H-2 and TL. 1, 2, 3 activities were measured by inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of the corresponding isoantibodies. TL activity was associated with the H-2 active fraction obtained by solubilization and fractionation by gel filtration. TL specificity was largely separated from H-2 antigen by subsequent chromatography on DEAE Sephadex as an adjacent component in a series of fractions. The soluble H-2 antigen prepared from the leukemia cells was tested for most of the specificities determined by H-2(a) with no exceptional results. TL. 1, 2, 3 activities, measured as each component separately, were located in approximately the same position; there is no clear indication yet whether the three TL specificities are separable from one another. It appears that in addition to the close genetic linkage between the H-2 and TL loci, and their reciprocal interaction in producing H-2 and TL antigens, these antigens exhibit some similarity at the chemical level.
MEK1-ERK2 Signaling Pathway Protects Myocardium From Ischemic Injury In Vivo
Authors: Daniel J. Lips, Orlando F. Bueno, Benjamin J. Wilkins, Nicole H. Purcell, Robert A. Kaiser, John N. Lorenz, Laure Voisin, Marc K. Saba-El-Leil, Sylvain Meloche, Jacques Pouysségur, Gilles Pagès, Leon J. De Windt, Pieter A. Doevendans, Jeffery D. Molkentin
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Myocardial infarction causes a rapid and largely irreversible loss of cardiac myocytes that can lead to sudden death, ventricular dilation, and heart failure. Members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade have been implicated as important effectors of cardiac myocyte cell death in response to diverse stimuli, including ischemia-reperfusion injury. Specifically, activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) has been associated with cardioprotection, likely through antagonism of apoptotic regulatory pathways.To establish a causal relationship between ERK1/2 signaling and cardioprotection, we analyzed Erk1 nullizygous gene-targeted mice, Erk2 heterozygous gene-targeted mice, and transgenic mice with activated MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling in the heart. Although MEK1 transgenic mice were largely resistant to ischemia-reperfusion injury, Erk2+/- gene-targeted mice showed enhanced infarction areas, DNA laddering, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) compared with littermate controls. In contrast, enhanced MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling protected hearts from DNA laddering, TUNEL, and preserved hemodynamic function assessed by pressure-volume loop recordings after ischemia-reperfusion injury.These data are the first to demonstrate that ERK2 signaling is required to protect the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo.
Fine and coarse particulate air pollution in relation to respiratory health in Sweden
Authors: Saskia M. Willers, Charlotta Eriksson, Lars Gidhagen, Mats E. Nilsson, Göran Pershagen, Tom Bellander
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Health effects have repeatedly been associated with residential levels of air pollution. However, it is difficult to disentangle effects of long-term exposure to locally generated and long-range transported pollutants, as well as to exhaust emissions and wear particles from road traffic. We aimed to investigate effects of exposure to particulate matter fractions on respiratory health in the Swedish adult population, using an integrated assessment of sources at different geographical scales. The study was based on a nationwide environmental health survey performed in 2007, including 25 851 adults aged 18–80 years. Individual exposure to particulate matter at residential addresses was estimated by dispersion modelling of regional, urban and local sources. Associations between different size fractions or source categories and respiratory outcomes were analysed using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for individual and contextual confounding. Exposure to locally generated wear particles showed associations for blocked nose or hay fever, chest tightness or cough, and restricted activity days with odds ratios of 1.5–2 per 10-μg·m −3 increase. Associations were also seen for locally generated combustion particles, which disappeared following adjustment for exposure to wear particles. In conclusion, our data indicate that long-term exposure to locally generated road wear particles increases the risk of respiratory symptoms in adults.
Consequences of cancer treatments on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: implications for cognitive function and depressive symptoms
Authors: G. Pereira Dias, R. Hollywood, M. C. d. N. Bevilaqua, A. C. D. da Silveira da Luz, R. Hindges, A. E. Nardi, S. Thuret
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The human brain is capable of generating new functional neurons throughout life, a phenomenon known as adult neurogenesis. The generation of new neurons is sustained throughout adulthood due to the proliferation and differentiation of adult neural stem cells. This process in humans is uniquely located in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is thought to play a major role in hippocampus-dependent functions, such as spatial awareness, long-term memory, emotionality, and mood. The overall aim of current treatments for cancer (such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy) is to prevent aberrant cell division of cell populations associated with malignancy. However, the treatments in question are absolutist in nature and hence inhibit all cell division. An unintended consequence of this cessation of cell division is the impairment of adult neural stem cell proliferation and AHN. Patients undergoing treatment for cancerous malignancies often display specific forms of memory deficits, as well as depressive symptoms. This review aims to discuss the effects of cancer treatments on AHN and propose a link between the inhibition of the neurogenetic process in the hippocampus and the advent of the cognitive and mood-based deficits observed in patients and animal models undergoing cancer therapies. Possible evidence for coadjuvant interventions aiming to protect neural cells, and subsequently the mood and cognitive functions they regulate, from the ablative effects of cancer treatment are discussed as potential clinical tools to improve mental health among cancer patients.
Adiponectin and its receptors in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: S Kaser
Journal: Gut (2004)

Background: Adiponectin, an adipocyte derived polypeptide, has been shown to alleviate steatosis and inflammation in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aim: In the present study, we wished to define liver expression of adiponectin and its receptors in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or simple steatosis were investigated to test whether dysregulation of this system might be involved in these disorders. Patients and methods: Liver mRNA expression of adiponectin and its recently cloned receptors RI and RII (adipoRI and adipoRII) were analysed by fluorescence based real time polymerase chain reaction in 13 patients with NASH and nine with simple steatosis. Adiponectin and adipoRII protein expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a subgroup of patients. Results: Adiponectin and adipoRII mRNA expression were significantly reduced in liver biopsies of patients with NASH compared with simple steatosis while no difference was found in adipoRI mRNA expression. In NASH, adipoRII mRNA expression was negatively correlated with serum aspartate aminotransferase levels, serum alanine aminotransferase levels, and grade of fibrosis. Liver adiponectin protein expression was mainly found in endothelial cells of portal vessels and liver sinusoids whereas adipoRII expression was seen in hepatocytes only. Adiponectin and adipoRII staining were lower in biopsies of subjects with NASH compared with simple steatosis. Conclusion: Reduced hepatic expression of adiponectin and adipoRII might be of pathophysiological relevance in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
Can We Stop Ordering Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening Tests?
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Rate of Detection of Advanced Neoplasms in Proximal Colon by Simulated Sigmoidoscopy vs Fecal Immunochemical Tests
Authors: Antoni Castells, Enrique Quintero, Cristina Álvarez, Luis Bujanda, Joaquín Cubiella, Dolores Salas, Ángel Lanas, Fernando Carballo, Juan Diego Morillas, Cristina Hernández, Rodrigo Jover, Elizabeth Hijona, Isabel Portillo, José M. Enríquez–Navascués, Vicent Hernández, Alfonso Martínez-Turnes, Carlos Menéndez-Villalva, Carmen González-Mao, Teresa Sala, Marta Ponce, Mercedes Andrés, Gloria Teruel, Antonio Peris, Federico Sopeña, Francisca González-Rubio, Agustín Seoane-Urgorri, Jaume Grau, Anna Serradesanferm, Àngels Pozo, Maria Pellisé, Francesc Balaguer, Akiko Ono, José Cruzado, Francisco Pérez-Riquelme, Inmaculada Alonso-Abreu, Marta Carrillo-Palau, Mariola de la Vega-Prieto, Rosario Iglesias, Javier Amador, José Manuel Blanco, Rocio Sastre, Juan Ferrándiz, Ma José González-Hernández, Montserrat Andreu, Xavier Bessa, Angel Lanas, Francisca González-Rubio, Alberto Moya-Calvo, Mónica Polo-Tomas, None Maria Pilar Roncales, Pilar Sebastian-Martínez, María Ángeles Valencia-Doblas, Nieves Valero-Capilla, Luis Bujanda, María E. Alkiza, Jone Altzibar, Pilar Amiano, Juan Arenas, Edurne Artiñano, Angel Cosme, Isabel Egitegi, Kepa Elorriaga, Jose L. Elósegui, José M. Enriquez-Navascués, Cristina Erce, Inés Gil, María A. Gutiérrez-Stampa, Marta Herreros, Elizabeth Hijona, Mariluz Jaúregui, Eva Laredo, Roberto Martínez, Maria J. Mitxelena, Isabel Montalvo, Carlos Placer, Isabel Portillo, Cristina Sarasqueta, Enrique Quintero, Onofre Alarcón, Inmaculada Alonso-Abreu, Marta Carrillo-Palau, Mariola de la Vega-Prieto, María Luisa Díez-Fuentes, Antonio Gimeno-García, Yanira González-Méndez, Manuel Hernández-Guerra, Renata Linertová, David Nicolás-Perez, Juana María Reyes-Melián, Antoni Castells, Montserrat Andreu, Cristina Álvarez, Josep M. Augé, Francesc Balaguer, Mercè Barau, Xavier Bessa, Felipe Bory, Andrea Burón, Xavier Castells, Mercè Comas, Míriam Cuatrecasas, Maria Estrada, Olga Ferrer, Imma Garrell, Jaume Grau, Rafael Guayta, Cristina Hernández, María López-Cerón, Francesc Macià, Leticia Moreira, Teresa Ocaña, Maria Pellisé, Mercè Piracés, Sandra Polbach, Àngels Pozo, Marc Puigvehí, Cristina Rodríguez, Maria Sala, Agustín Seoane, Anna Serradesanferm, Judith Sivilla, Antoni Trilla, Joaquín Cubiella, Mª Belén Aguado, Susana Aldecoa, Raquel Almazán, Ana Alonso, Inés Castro, Estela Cid, Lucía Cid, Joan Clofent, Mª Luisa de Castro, Pamela Estévez, Ana Belén Fernández, Mª Dolores González, Simoneta González, Mª Carmen González-Mao, Vicent Hernández, Begoña Iglesias, Felipe Iglesias, Pilar Iglesias, Ángeles López-Martínez, Ramiro Macenlle, Alfonso Martínez, David Martínez, Carlos Menéndez, Carmen Méndez, José Antonio Hermo, Isabel Pérez, Carmen Portasany, Mar Rionda, Concepción Rivera, Benito Rodríguez, Rosa Rodríguez, Manuel Rubio, María Isolina Santiago, Miriam Vázquez, José Ángel Vázquez, Pablo Vega, Mª Carmen Vidal, Raquel Zubizarreta
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Plasma Resistin Levels Associate with Risk For Hypertension among Nondiabetic Women
Authors: Luxia Zhang, Gary C. Curhan, John P. Forman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Emerging evidence suggests a role for resistin in inflammation and vascular dysfunction, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension, but the association between resistin levels and incident hypertension is unknown. We examined the association between plasma resistin levels and the risk for incident hypertension among 872 women without a history of hypertension or diabetes from the Nurses' Health Study. We identified 361 incident cases of hypertension during 14 years of follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, resistin levels in the highest tertile conferred a 75% higher risk for hypertension than the lowest tertile (relative risk [RR] 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19 to 2.56). Further adjustment for other adipokines did not change the RR substantially. In stratified analysis, resistin levels in the highest tertile significantly increased the risk for hypertension among women aged >or=55 years (adjusted RR 2.40; 95% CI 1.55 to 3.73) but not among women aged <55 years (adjusted RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.25 to 1.62). In a subset analysis of 362 women who also had measurements of inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers, plasma resistin levels significantly correlated with IL-6, soluble TNF receptor 2, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular adhesion molecule 1, and E-selectin after controlling for age and body mass index. After further adjustment for these biomarkers and C-reactive protein, resistin levels remained significantly associated with incident hypertension. In conclusion, higher plasma resistin levels independently associate with an increased risk for incident hypertension among women without diabetes.
Marital and Family Processes in the Context of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Disorders
Authors: Kenneth E. Leonard, Rina D. Eiden
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2006)

Alcohol use is often part of the fabric of marriage and family life, and although it is associated with certain positive effects, excessive drinking and alcohol disorders can exert a negative effect on the marital development and on the development of children in the context of the family. This review considers evidence that alcohol influences and is influenced by marital/family processes, including transitions into marriage and parenthood, marital satisfaction, marital violence, parenting, and child development. The review discusses the importance of antisocial behavior and the need to examine women's drinking, and the joint impact of men's and women's drinking on marital/family processes. The review highlights the lack of studies in certain key areas, including the link between discordant drinking and violence and marital satisfaction, the role of alcohol in child neglect, and the potential role of marital conflict as a mediator or moderator of the relationship between alcohol and child functioning.
Lung Resistance-Related Protein: Determining Its Role in Multidrug Resistance
Authors: W. S. Dalton, R. J. Scheper
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

Resistance to cytotoxic drugs remains a major obstacle for the successful treatment of cancer (1). Over the past two decades, a great deal of information has emerged that elucidates how cancer cells become drug resistant. At least one prominent drugresistance mechanism in cancer cells is the reduction of intracellular drug concentration at the putative drug target. There are at least two mechanisms capable of reducing drug concentration at the target site. The most obvious mechanism involves an overall reduction in intracellular drug concentration by reducing drug uptake or enhancing drug efflux. A second mechanism could be a redistribution of drug away from the target. In this case, the total concentration of drug may not be reduced, but the intracellular distribution may be altered, thereby reducing the drug concentration at the site of action. To date, most mechanisms associated with reduced drug concentration at the active site have involved membrane transport