tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of cardio-respiratory endurance, anaerobic and yogasana on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels among young men
Authors: Y Kalyan Kumar, V Jagannatha Reddy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Objectives The purpose of the study to find out the effects of medium intensity cardio-respiratory endurance, anaerobic and selected medium intensity yogasana on the selected physiological factors which normally are considered as risk factors in the coronary heart disease, in healthy young males in the age of 18–22 years. Methodology Fifteen subjects were assigned to each of the four groups of experimentation by selecting the students on random basis and who volunteered. The groups were cardiorespiratory endurance group, anaerobic group and yogasana group. The training regimen consisted of clearly laid protocols of exercises for four different groups. For yogasana group, the protocol developed by Swami Shivananda of Rishikesh Ashram was used. Pre-training, resting HDL and LDL cholesterol levels and post-training values were measure and analysis of covariance statistical technique was used to analyse the results. Results Medium intensity cardiorespiratory endurance training brought more significant increase in HDL cholesterol levels, though all the three types of protocols brought significant increase in the resting HDL cholesterol. Medium intensity cardiorespiratory endurance training brought more significant reduction in LDL cholesterol levels, though all the three types of protocols brought significant reduction in the resting LDL cholesterol.
Optical Image-Guided Cancer Surgery: Challenges and Limitations
Authors: Stijn Keereweer, Pieter B.A.A. Van Driel, Thomas J.A. Snoeks, Jeroen D.F. Kerrebijn, Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong, Alexander L. Vahrmeijer, Henricus J.C.M. Sterenborg, Clemens W.G.M. Löwik
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Optical image-guided cancer surgery is a promising technique to adequately determine tumor margins by tumor-specific targeting, potentially resulting in complete resection of tumor tissue with improved survival. However, identification of the photons coming from the fluorescent contrast agent is complicated by autofluorescence, optical tissue properties, and accurate fluorescent targeting agents and imaging systems. All these factors have an important influence on the image that is presented to the surgeon. Considering the clinical consequences at stake, it is a prerequisite to answer the questions that are essential for the surgeon. What is optical image-guided surgery and how can it improve patient care? What should the oncologic surgeon know about the fundamental principles of optical imaging to understand which conclusions can be drawn from the images? And how do the limitations influence clinical decision making? This article discusses these questions and provides a clear overview of the basic principles and practical applications. Although there are limitations to the intrinsic capacity of the technique, when practical and technical surgical possibilities are considered, optical imaging can be a very powerful intraoperative tool in guiding the future oncologic surgeon toward radical resection and optimal clinical results.
The quality of randomised controlled trials may be better than assumed
Authors: A. del Giglio
Journal: BMJ (2004)

As readers of published articles, it is reassuring to know that the quality of published data is probably better than expected from the reporting of the methods. Soares and colleagues have addressed the discrepancies between the proposed methods in original research protocols and those reported in the final article for all 56 randomised controlled trials conducted by the Radiation …
Cystic fibrosis sputum induces a secretory response from airway gland serous cells that can be prevented by neutrophil protease inhibitors
Authors: A Schuster, JV Fahy, I Ueki, JA Nadel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

High activities of the neutrophil proteases, elastase and cathepsin G, are found in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Because both proteases have been shown to be potent secretagogues for airway submucosal glands, and because hypersecretion is a characteristic feature of CF, the objective of the present study was to examine whether there is secretagogue activity in CF sputum, and to determine the contribution of neutrophil proteases to the secretagogue activity. Confluent monolayers of cultured bovine tracheal serous cells were pulse-labelled with Na2(35)SO4, incubated with diluted CF sputum supernatants in the presence or absence of different protease inhibitors, and the subsequent release of the radio-labelled macromolecules was measured. CF sputum potently induced secretion concentration-dependently. Addition of the selective neutrophil elastase inhibitor ICI 200,355 inhibited the secretory response to CF sputum supernatant by 89%. Addition of a cathepsin G-inhibitor resulted in further inhibition of the secretory response. Addition of phosphoramidon, a drug known to inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase, had no effect. We conclude that CF sputum potently stimulates airway submucosal gland cell secretion. These studies with protease inhibitors suggest that neutrophil proteases account substantially for the secretagogue activity present in CF sputum.
Mutations in the <i>DDR2</i> Kinase Gene Identify a Novel Therapeutic Target in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Peter S. Hammerman, Martin L. Sos, Alex H. Ramos, Chunxiao Xu, Amit Dutt, Wenjun Zhou, Lear E. Brace, Brittany A. Woods, Wenchu Lin, Jianming Zhang, Xianming Deng, Sang Min Lim, Stefanie Heynck, Martin Peifer, Jeffrey R. Simard, Michael S. Lawrence, Robert C. Onofrio, Helga B. Salvesen, Danila Seidel, Thomas Zander, Johannes M. Heuckmann, Alex Soltermann, Holger Moch, Mirjam Koker, Frauke Leenders, Franziska Gabler, Silvia Querings, Sascha Ansén, Elisabeth Brambilla, Christian Brambilla, Philippe Lorimier, Odd Terje Brustugun, Åslaug Helland, Iver Petersen, Joachim H. Clement, Harry Groen, Wim Timens, Hannie Sietsma, Erich Stoelben, Jürgen Wolf, David G. Beer, Ming Sound Tsao, Megan Hanna, Charles Hatton, Michael J. Eck, Pasi A. Janne, Bruce E. Johnson, Wendy Winckler, Heidi Greulich, Adam J. Bass, Jeonghee Cho, Daniel Rauh, Nathanael S. Gray, Kwok-Kin Wong, Eric B. Haura, Roman K. Thomas, Matthew Meyerson
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2011)

While genomically targeted therapies have improved outcomes for patients with lung adenocarcinoma, little is known about the genomic alterations which drive squamous cell lung cancer. Sanger sequencing of the tyrosine kinome identified mutations in the DDR2 kinase gene in 3.8% of squamous cell lung cancers and cell lines. Squamous lung cancer cell lines harboring DDR2 mutations were selectively killed by knock-down of DDR2 by RNAi or by treatment with the multi-targeted kinase inhibitor dasatinib. Tumors established from a DDR2 mutant cell line were sensitive to dasatinib in xenograft models. Expression of mutated DDR2 led to cellular transformation which was blocked by dasatinib. A squamous cell lung cancer patient with a response to dasatinib and erlotinib treatment harbored a DDR2 kinase domain mutation. These data suggest that gain-of-function mutations in DDR2 are important oncogenic events and are amenable to therapy with dasatinib. As dasatinib is already approved for use, these findings could be rapidly translated into clinical trials.DDR2 mutations are present in 4% of lung SCCs, and DDR2 mutations are associated with sensitivity to dasatinib. These findings provide a rationale for designing clinical trials with the FDA-approved drug dasatinib in patients with lung SCCs.
West Nile virus: the need to strengthen preparedness in Europe
Authors: H Zeller, A Lenglet, W Van Bortel
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

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Cerebral White Matter Lesions, Retinopathy, and Incident Clinical Stroke
Authors: Tien Yin Wong, Ronald Klein, A. Richey Sharrett, David J. Couper, Barbara E.K. Klein, Duan Ping Liao, Larry D. Hubbard, Thomas H. Mosley
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Context White matter lesions (WMLs) detected on cerebral imaging scans have been hypothesized to have a microvascular etiology and to precede the development of clinical stroke.However, few clinical data are available to support these hypotheses.Objective To examine the relationship of WMLs, retinal microvascular abnormalities, and incident clinical stroke in healthy, middle-aged men and women. Design and SettingThe Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC), a prospective, population-based cohort study conducted in 4 US communities and initiated in 1987-1989.Participants A total of 1684 persons aged 51 to 72 years who had cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and retinal photography at the third examination (1993-1995).Main Outcome Measures Odds of WMLs, defined by standardized methods from MRI, by presence or absence of specific retinal microvascular abnormality (eg, microaneurysm, retinal hemorrhage) on retinal photograph; incident clinical stroke, ascertained after a median follow-up of 4.7 years, according to presence or absence of WMLs and retinopathy. ResultsPersons with retinopathy were more likely to have WMLs than those without retinopathy (22.9% vs 9.9%; odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-4.0,adjusted for age, sex, race, and vascular risk factors).The 5-year cumulative incidence of clinical stroke was higher in persons with vs without WMLs (6.8% vs 1.4%; adjusted relative risk [RR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5-7.7)and in persons with vs without retinopathy (8.0% vs 1.4%; adjusted RR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.0-11.9).Persons with both WMLs and retinopathy had a significantly higher 5-year cumulative incidence of stroke than those without either WMLs or retinopathy (20.0%vs 1.4%; adjusted RR, 18.1; 95% CI, 5.9-55.4). ConclusionsIn this cohort, middle-aged persons with cerebral WMLs detected on MRI were more likely to have retinal microvascular abnormalities and to have an increased risk of clinical stroke than people without WMLs.The risk of stroke was higher when retinopathy was simultaneously present in persons with WMLs.
Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing of Older Men
Authors: H. B. Carter, P. K. Landis, E. J. Metter, L. A. Fleisher, J. D. Pearson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: Elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are predictive of a future diagnosis of prostate cancer. To test the hypothesis that older men with low PSA levels may require less intensive PSA testing because of a reduced prostate cancer detection rate, we evaluated the association between age, baseline PSA level, and prostate cancer detection. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study among participants in a study of aging who had serial PSA measurements taken from age 60 or 65 years until they either were diagnosed with prostate cancer (cancer case subjects) or reached the age of 75 years (subjects without prostate cancer). The time of cancer detection among cancer case subjects was defined as the measurement date on which a PSA level above 4.0 ng/mL was detected (i.e., PSA conversion). Cancer case subjects and subjects without prostate cancer were analyzed according to baseline PSA level and age. RESULTS: All cancer case subjects in the 60-year-old cohort had baseline PSA levels above 0.5 ng/mL, and 14 of 15 cancer cases that would have been detected by a PSA conversion among the 65-year-old cohort were associated with baseline PSA levels of 1.1 ng/mL or more. If PSA testing were discontinued in men aged 65 years with PSA levels of 0.5 ng/mL or less, 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 78%-100%) of the cancers would still be detected by age 75 years; if PSA testing were discontinued in men aged 65 years who had PSA levels of 1.0 ng/mL or less, 94% (95% CI = 70%-100%) of the cancers would still be detected by age 75 years. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a decrease in the intensity of screening among older men with low PSA values may not lead to an increase in undetected prostate cancer.
Highly sensitive MRD tests for ALL based on the IKZF1 Δ3–6 microdeletion
Authors: N C Venn, V H J van der Velden, M de Bie, E Waanders, J E Giles, T Law, R P Kuiper, V de Haas, C G Mullighan, M Haber, G M Marshall, Norris MD, J J M van Dongen, R Sutton
Journal: Leukemia (2011)

Current clinical trials for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) depend upon the measurement of minimal residual disease (MRD) at early stages of therapy to determine the risk of relapse for each patient who is being used for treatment stratification.1 PCR-based MRD tests are usually designed to detect the specific rearrangements of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor (Ig/TCR) genes found in the leukemic clone. We now present evidence supporting the hypothesis that the most common deletion in the IKZF1 gene in ALL also provides the basis for highly sensitive MRD tests that give MRD results in close agreement with Ig/TCR MRD markers.
Intravenous pegylated asparaginase versus intramuscular native Escherichia coli l-asparaginase in newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (DFCI 05-001): a randomised, open-label phase 3 trial
Authors: Andrew E Place, Kristen E Stevenson, Lynda M Vrooman, Marian H Harris, Sarah K Hunt, Jane E O'Brien, Jeffrey G Supko, Barbara L Asselin, Uma H Athale, Luis A Clavell, Peter D Cole, Kara M Kelly, Caroline Laverdiere, Jean-Marie Leclerc, Bruno Michon, Marshall A Schorin, Jennifer J G Welch, Steven E Lipshultz, Jeffery L Kutok, Traci M Blonquist, Donna S Neuberg, Stephen E Sallan, Lewis B Silverman
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
MMR Vaccination and Febrile Seizures
Authors: Mogens Vestergaard, Anders Hviid, Kreesten Meldgaard Madsen, Jan Wohlfahrt, Poul Thorsen, Diana Schendel, Mads Melbye, Jørn Olsen
Journal: JAMA (2004)

The rate of febrile seizures increases following measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination but it is unknown whether the rate varies according to personal or family history of seizures, perinatal factors, or socioeconomic status. Furthermore, little is known about the long-term outcome of febrile seizures following vaccination.To estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) and risk differences of febrile seizures following MMR vaccination within subgroups of children and to evaluate the clinical outcome of febrile seizures following vaccination.A population-based cohort study of all children born in Denmark between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1998, who were alive at 3 months; 537,171 children were followed up until December 31, 1999, by using data from the Danish Civil Registration System and 4 other national registries.Incidence of first febrile seizure, recurrent febrile seizures, and subsequent epilepsy.A total of 439,251 children (82%) received MMR vaccination and 17,986 children developed febrile seizures at least once; 973 of these febrile seizures occurred within 2 weeks of MMR vaccination. The RR of febrile seizures increased during the 2 weeks following MMR vaccination (2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.55-2.97), and thereafter was close to the observed RR for nonvaccinated children. The RR did not vary significantly in the subgroups of children that had been defined by their family history of seizures, perinatal factors, or socioeconomic status. At 15 to 17 months, the risk difference of febrile seizures within 2 weeks following MMR vaccination was 1.56 per 1000 children overall (95% CI, 1.44-1.68), 3.97 per 1000 (95% CI, 2.90-5.40) for siblings of children with a history of febrile seizures, and 19.47 per 1000 (95% CI, 16.05-23.55) for children with a personal history of febrile seizures. Children with febrile seizures following MMR vaccinations had a slightly increased rate of recurrent febrile seizures (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01-1.41) but no increased rate of epilepsy (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.33-1.50) compared with children who were nonvaccinated at the time of their first febrile seizure.MMR vaccination was associated with a transient increased rate of febrile seizures but the risk difference was small even in high-risk children. The long-term rate of epilepsy was not increased in children who had febrile seizures following vaccination compared with children who had febrile seizures of a different etiology.
Periarticular osteopenia in adjuvant induced arthritis: role of interleukin-1 in decreased osteogenic and increased resorptive potential of bone marrow cells.
Authors: Y Suzuki, M Tanihara, Y Ichikawa, A Osanai, M Nakagawa, M Ide, Y Mizushima
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To clarify the local osteogenic and bone resorptive potential of periarticular bone in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA). Formation of fibroblast colony forming units (FCFU; osteogenic precursor cells) and osteoclast-like cells in bone marrow culture was studied in AIA rats. Osteoclast-inducing activity in the AIA rat bone marrow was assayed by the addition of the marrow supernatant from rats with AIA to control cultures. Bone mineral density was determined by dual x ray absorptiometry. Marrow from AIA rats and that from animals receiving recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta for seven days grew significantly fewer FCFU than control marrow. Formation of osteoclast-like cells was increased in bone marrow cultures from rats with AIA, especially when bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of marrow supernatant. Formation of resorption lacunae on ivory slices was increased in the marrow cultures from rats with AIA, especially from the right (adjuvant inoculated) tibia. AIA rat marrow supernatant promoted osteoclast-like cell formation in control culture, and this was significantly suppressed by an anti-IL-1 antibody. Rats with AIA showed a significant decrease in the bone mineral density of the periarticular regions of the tibia and femur. An uncoupled state in bone resorption-formation linkage, possibly mediated through an increase of IL-1 in the bone marrow, may contribute to the development of periarticular osteopenia in inflammatory arthritis.
Retrospective Study of L-Leucovorin and 5-FU Therapy in Gastric Cancer with Severe Ascites or Inadequate Oral Intake
Authors: T. Matsumoto, T. Kajiwara, N. Nishide, A. Asagi, T. Nishina, S. Hori, S. Nadano, M. Tanimizu, H. Iguchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver associated with intracranial vascular malformations.
Authors: R D Goldin, D S Rose
Journal: Gut (1990)

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, neoplasia of the brain, and intracranial vascular malformations have recently been described as a new syndrome. We report three cases of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver with intracranial vascular anomalies. Two patients died from ruptured berry aneurysm. It is important to consider intracranial pathology in patients with focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver.
Fatal Neonatal Meningococcal Meningitis
Authors: Ronald N. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1976)

NEONATAL meningitis caused by<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>is relatively uncommon. Only one case in a nine-year period (1961-1970) was reported by Dr P. Wehrle at the University of Southern California. Similarly, the isolation of the meningococcus from the genitourinary tract has been rare until recently. Only 53 isolates were tabulated in a recent review by Faur et al.<sup>1</sup>To our knowledge the association of<i>N meningitidis</i>neonatal meningitis with maternal cervicovaginal carriage has not been reported. A case of fatal meningococcal meningitis in a 15-day-old infant born to a mother with culture-proven cervicovaginal<i>N meningitidis</i>is reported. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 2-week-old infant girl was admitted to Kaiser Foundation Hospital at 2 AM with a five-hour history of fussiness, mild respiratory distress, and fever. The child appeared well, although the temperature was 103.8. The neck was supple; lungs, clear; abdomen, soft; color, good; and no rash was noted. A
Relationship Between Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia After Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Benjamin M. Scirica, Eugene Braunwald, Luiz Belardinelli, Chester M. Hedgepeth, Jindrich Spinar, Whedy Wang, Jie Qin, Ewa Karwatowska-Prokopczuk, Freek W.A. Verheugt, David A. Morrow
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Most studies examining the relationship between ventricular tachycardia (VT) after acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death (SCD) were performed before widespread use of reperfusion, revascularization, or contemporary medical therapy and were limited to ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The incidence and prognostic implications of VT in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome receiving contemporary care have not been examined.The Metabolic Efficiency With Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 36 (MERLIN-TIMI 36) trial randomized 6560 patients hospitalized with a non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome to ranolazine or placebo in addition to standard therapy. Continuous ECG recording was performed for the first 7 days after randomization and evaluated in a blinded core laboratory. SCD (n=121) was assessed over a median follow-up of 1 year. A total of 6345 patients (97%) had continuous ECG recordings evaluable for analysis. Compared with patients with no VT (n=2764), there was no increased risk of SCD in patients with only ventricular triplets (n=1978, 31.2%) (1.4% versus 1.2%); however, the risk of SCD was significantly greater in patients with VT lasting 4 to 7 beats (n=1172, 18.5%) (SCD, 2.9%; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.3; P<0.001) and in patients with VT lasting at least 8 beats (n=431, 6.8%) (SCD, 4.3%; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.8; P=0.001). This effect was independent of baseline characteristics and ejection fraction. VT occurring within the first 48 hours after admission was not associated with SCD.Nonsustained VT is common after admission for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, and even short episodes of VT lasting 4 to 7 beats are independently associated with the risk of SCD over the subsequent year. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00099788.
Ghrelin action in the brain controls adipocyte metabolism
Authors: C. Theander-Carrillo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Many homeostatic processes, including appetite and food intake, are controlled by neuroendocrine circuits involving the CNS. The CNS also directly regulates adipocyte metabolism, as we have shown here by examining central action of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin. Chronic central ghrelin infusion resulted in increases in the glucose utilization rate of white and brown adipose tissue without affecting skeletal muscle. In white adipocytes, mRNA expression of various fat storage-promoting enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 was markedly increased, while that of the rate-limiting step in fat oxidation, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1alpha, was decreased. In brown adipocytes, central ghrelin infusion resulted in lowered expression of the thermogenesis-related mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 1 and 3. These ghrelin effects were dose dependent, occurred independently from ghrelin-induced hyperphagia, and seemed to be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Additionally, the expression of some fat storage enzymes was decreased in ghrelin-deficient mice, which led us to conclude that central ghrelin is of physiological relevance in the control of cell metabolism in adipose tissue. These results unravel the existence of what we believe to be a new CNS-based neuroendocrine circuit regulating metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue.