tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complete Response of Colorectal Liver Metastases After Chemotherapy: Does It Mean Cure?
Authors: Stéphane Benoist, Antoine Brouquet, Christophe Penna, Catherine Julié, Mostafa El Hajjam, Sophie Chagnon, Emmanuel Mitry, Philippe Rougier, Bernard Nordlinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Most patients with colorectal liver metastases (LMs) receive systemic chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine the significance of a complete response on imaging of LMs after chemotherapy.Between 1998 and 2004, 586 patients were treated for colorectal LMs in one institution. Of these, 38 with the following criteria were included in the study: fewer than 10 LMs before chemotherapy; disappearance of one or several LMs on computed tomography (CT) scan and ultrasound; surgery with intraoperative ultrasound within 4 weeks of imaging; no extrahepatic disease; follow-up at least 1 year after surgery.Overall, 66 LMs disappeared after chemotherapy as seen on CT scan. Persistent macroscopic disease was observed at surgery at the site of 20 of 66 LMs, despite CT scan showing a complete response. The sites of 15 initial LMs that were not visible at surgery were resected. Pathologic examination of these sites of LMs, considered in complete response, showed viable cancer cells present in 12 of 15 cases. The sites of 31 initial LMs that were not visible at surgery were left in place during surgery; after 1 year of follow-up, 23 of 31 LMs considered in complete response had recurred in situ. Overall, persistent macroscopic or microscopic residual disease or early recurrence in situ were observed in 55 (83%) of 66 LMs having a complete response on imaging.In most patients receiving chemotherapy for colorectal LMs, a complete response on CT scan does not mean cure.
Oncogenic signaling: new insights and controversies from chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Richard A. Van Etten
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which is caused by the BCR–ABL fusion tyrosine kinase, is one of the most intensively studied human cancers. ABL kinase inhibitors have been spectacularly successful in treating CML, but disease persistence and acquired drug resistance can prevent eradication and cure of the leukemia. The development of better therapies will depend on a full understanding of signaling pathways in CML, facilitated by model studies using mutant mice.
Medical Management of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: B. Timothy Baxter, Michael C. Terrin, Ronald L. Dalman
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common condition that may be lethal when it is unrecognized. Current guidelines suggest repair as the aneurysm diameter reaches 5.0 to 5.5 cm. Most aortic aneurysms are detected incidentally when imaging is done for other purposes or through screening programs. Ninety percent of these aneurysms are below the threshold for intervention at the time of detection. A number of studies have sought to determine factors that lead to progression of aneurysmal disease that might be amenable to intervention during this period of observation. We review these studies and make recommendations for the medical management of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. On the basis of our current knowledge of the causes of aneurysm, a number of approaches have been proposed to prevent progression of aneurysmal disease. These include hemodynamic management, inhibition of inflammation, and protease inhibition. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association clinical practice guidelines rules of evidence have helped to define strength of evidence to support these approaches. Level A evidence (from large randomized trials) is available to indicate that observation of small aneurysms in men is safe up to a size of 5.5 cm and that propranolol does not inhibit aneurysm expansion. Level B evidence (from small randomized trials) suggests that roxithromycin or doxycycline will decrease the rate of aneurysm expansion. A number of studies agree that tobacco use is associated with an increased rate of aneurysm expansion. Level B and C evidence is available to suggest that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) may inhibit aneurysm expansion. There are animal data but no human data demonstrating that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or losartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, will decrease the rate of AAA expansion. A pharmacological agent without important side effects that inhibited aneurysm expansion could change current approaches to aneurysm treatment. Additional studies are needed to clarify the potential role of doxycycline, roxithromycin, and statin therapy in the progression of aneurysmal disease.
Alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotypes and alcoholic pancreatitis.
Authors: P S Haber, J S Wilson, B H McGarity, W Hall, M C Thomas, R C Pirola
Journal: Gut (1991)

Altered frequencies of alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotypes have been reported in patients with chronic pancreatitis, suggesting a possible genetic basis for individual susceptibility to this disease. Alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotypes, with particular regard to alcoholic pancreatitis, were studied. Patients with alcoholic pancreatitis were compared with alcoholic control subjects with no history of pancreatic disease. Serum alpha 1 antitrypsin concentrations were raised in pancreatitis patients sampled within one month of an acute attack of pancreatitis, but otherwise values were similar to those of control subjects. There were no significant differences in alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotypes between alcoholics with pancreatitis and alcoholic control subjects. This study of alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotypes provides no evidence of an inherited susceptibility to alcoholic pancreatitis.
Needle knife papillotomy: how safe and how effective?
Authors: J F Dowsett, A A Polydorou, D Vaira, L M D'Anna, M Ashraf, J Croker, P R Salmon, R C Russell, A R Hatfield
Journal: Gut (1990)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Seed microbiota constitutes a primary inoculum for plants that is gaining attention due to its role for plant health and productivity. Here, we performed a meta-analysis on 63 seed microbiota studies covering 50 plant species to synthesize knowledge on the diversity of this habitat. Seed microbiota are diverse and extremely variable, with taxa richness varying from one to thousands of taxa. Hence, seed microbiota presents a variable (i.e flexible) microbial fraction but we also identified a stable (i.e. core) fraction across samples. Around 30 bacterial and fungal taxa are present in most plant species and in samples from all over the world. Core taxa, such as <i>Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas viridiflava, P. fluorescens, Cladosporium perangustum</i> and <i>Alternaria sp</i>., are dominant seed taxa. The characterization of the core and flexible seed microbiota provided here will help uncover seed microbiota roles for plant health and design effective microbiome engineering.
P221 Improved management of pleural effusion in a district general hospital: Abstract P221 Table 1.
Authors: P Shetty, SM Menzies, J Ojoo
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Exudative pleural effusion (EPE) is a common presenting problem, associated with serious underlying pathology warranting expeditious and thorough investigation. The BTS guideline outlines a diagnostic algorithm and recommends referral of patients to chest physicians following inconclusive initial pleural fluid analysis. We have carried out a series of audits on the management of EPE in a district general hospital (DGH). The first revealed deficiencies in the diagnostic pathway, with low diagnostic rates compared with published data. We instituted regular teaching sessions including simulated training of junior doctors, established a specialist pleural effusion clinic (SPEC) and during the same period there was increase in the number of respiratory registrars. In a previous study comparing results of the first retrospective audit cohort (RC) to the SPEC cohort showed improved outcomes in the latter. Unfortunately a significant proportion of patients with EPE are still diagnosed on acute admission. In this audit we compare the management of these patients to the RC. <h3>Methods</h3> We carried out a retrospective re-audit (RA), against BTS guidelines, of non-elective admissions to the general medical take from January to December 2011 with EPE. Clinical records of patients with pleural effusion were reviewed and analysed for investigations, involvement of respiratory physician, length of stay and outcome. Those with transudate effusions were excluded. This was similar to the RC which covered the period from February 2005 to June 2006. We present comparative results. <h3>Results</h3> Of 106 patients, 66 patients had diagnostic aspiration, 18 had small effusions unable to aspirate, 19 had known diagnoses and 3 had terminal cancer. The respective results in the RA compared to the RC showed that mean age was 65 vs 68 years, 86% had all the recommended tests vs 46%, 87% had chest physician input vs 50% and diagnosis confirmed in 95% vs 58%. The median length of stay in hospital was 4 days (range 0–51) vs 12 days (range 1–55). Table 1 demonstrates pleural fluid tests performed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The RA shows improved investigation, access to chest physician, diagnostic rates and average length of hospital stay in patients with EPE in this DGH. The change is likely multifactorial owing to increasing awareness, training, and better specialist services.
Mechanical properties of asthmatic airway smooth muscle
Authors: Leslie Y.M. Chin, Ynuk Bossé, Chris Pascoe, Tillie L. Hackett, Chun Y. Seow, Peter D. Paré
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is the major effector of excessive airway narrowing in asthma. Changes in some of the mechanical properties of ASM could contribute to excessive narrowing and have not been systematically studied in human ASM from nonasthmatic and asthmatic subjects. Human ASM strips (eight asthmatic and six nonasthmatic) were studied at in situ length and force was normalised to maximal force induced by electric field stimulation (EFS). Measurements included: passive and active force versus length before and after length adaptation, the force–velocity relationship, maximal shortening and force recovery after length oscillation. Force was converted to stress by dividing by cross-sectional area of muscle. The only functional differences were that the asthmatic tissue was stiffer at longer lengths (p&lt;0.05) and oscillatory strain reduced isometric force in response to EFS by 19% as opposed to 36% in nonasthmatics (p&lt;0.01). The mechanical properties of human ASM from asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects are comparable except for increased passive stiffness and attenuated decline in force generation after an oscillatory perturbation. These data may relate to reduced bronchodilation induced by a deep inspiration in asthmatic subjects.
Declining Proportion of Physician-Owned Practices Possibly Related to Increasing Burnout
Authors: Shivam Joshi, Roger Nehaul, Monica A. Broome
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Characteristics at haematoxylin and eosin staining of ruptures of the long head of the biceps tendon
Authors: U G Longo, F Franceschi, L Ruzzini, C Rabitti, S Morini, N Maffulli, V Denaro
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To examine the relative prevalence of histological changes that have been found to be associated with the process of tendinopathy in lesions of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii and to evaluate the reliability of histopathological evaluation of tendon tissue in lesions of the tendon of the long head of the biceps. <h3>Design:</h3> Tendon samples were taken from 51 patients (31 men, 20 women; mean age 63.2 years) who underwent arthroscopic release of the long head of the biceps tendon because of refractory biceps tendinopathy and from 5 male patients who died of cardiovascular events (mean age 69.6 years). Histological examination was performed using haematoxylin and eosin staining of sections, which were interpreted using a semiquantitative grading scale assessing fibre structure and arrangement, rounding of the nuclei, regional variations in cellularity, increased vascularity, decreased collagen staining and hyalinisation. <h3>Results:</h3> The mean (SD) pathological sum score of ruptured tendons was greater than that of control tendons (15.76 (3.11) vs 3.4 (1.9), p&lt;0.001). Within each specific category of tendon abnormalities, the χ<sup>2</sup> test showed significant differences between the control and ruptured tendons; all the variables were significantly different (Mann–Whitney U test 0.05, p&lt;0.001). Using the κ statistic, the agreement between the two readings ranged from 0.53 to 0.85. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Unruptured tendons of the long head of the biceps, even at an advanced age and ruptured tendons of the long head of the biceps are clearly part of two distinct populations.
The use of bone marrow aspirations and lumbar punctures at the time of diagnosis of retinoblastoma.
Authors: C B Pratt, D Meyer, P Chenaille, D B Crom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Lumbar punctures (n = 115) and bone marrow aspirations (n = 114) were performed as part of the routine initial diagnostic evaluation of 115 children with retinoblastoma. Three spinal fluid examinations were positive for tumor cells, and bone marrow smears of three children demonstrated clumps of tumor cells. Five of the six positive studies were in patients with stage IV (extraglobar) disease. These results show that demonstrable CSF or bone marrow involvement is so infrequent an event at diagnosis in patients without symptoms, signs, or histologic evidence of tumor dissemination (stages I-II) as to support a recommendation that these studies need not be performed routinely in such patients. If, after enucleation, there is evidence of extraglobar extension, or if patients have symptoms or signs of CNS or systemic spread (stages III or IV), both procedures should be performed to accurately stage disease and provide baseline measurements of tumor involvement for monitoring of response to chemotherapy and/or irradiation. These results have importance in terms of justification of invasive work-up of most (greater than 85%) affected children, and cost containment.
A rabbit reticulocyte model for the role of hemin-controlled repressor in hypochromic anemias.
Authors: M L Freedman, J Rosman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Hemin allows maximal protein synthesis in intact rabbit reticulocytes and their cell-free lysate preparations by retarding the formation of a translational repressor (HCR) found in the postribosomal supernate. In order to evaluate the role of HCR in the pathogenesis of hypochromic anemias, HCR was isolated and partially purified from intact rabbit reticulocytes incubated in vitro with either 0.1 mM alpha,alpha-dipyridyl (an iron-chelating agent) or 0.1 M ethanol. Both of these agents inhibit reticulocyte protein synthesis. Hemin (50 muM) protects against the inhibition by both agents. A ferrous iron-transferrin mixture, however, protects only against alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. Both alpha,alpha-dipyridyl and ethanol inhibit heme synthesis before the time that protein synthesis is affected, while neither lowers either ATP or GSH levels. These results indicate that while both agents inhibit heme synthesis, alpha,alpha-dipyridyl does so by inducing iron deficiency while ethanol works at a non-iron-requiring step. When HCR was isolated from intact cells and assayed in the reticulocyte cell-free systems, plus and minus hemin, premature appearance of HCR was found in cells incubated in vitro with alpha,alpha-dipyridyl or ethanol. When hemin was present in the intact cell incubation, the appearance of HCR was retarded. The HCR from alpha,alpha-dipyridyl ethanol-treated cells was partially purified and eluted at the same location on a Sephadex G-200 column (molecular weight approximately 3 x 10(5)) as that from postribosomal supernates incubated minus hemin. In addition rabbits with phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia were given intravenous ethanol in vivo at a dose of 0.4 ml/kg. This concentration of alcohol resulted in an inhibition of the rate of heme synthesis and protein synthesis as well as an acceleration of HCR formation in reticulocytes. The HCR from these in vivo treated rabbits was isolated, partially purified, and assayed in an identical fashion as the in vitro experiments. These in vivo experiments further support the physiological and pathophysiological role of HCR in reticulocytes. On the basis of these results a model for a role of HCR in some of the hypochromic anemias is proposed. In iron deficiency or chronic disease (where iron is not available to the erythroblast for heme synthesis) HCR appears prematurely and inhibits protein synthesis. When heme synthesis is inhibited by ethanol but there is sufficient intracellular iron, HCR appears prematurely and inhibits protein synthesis, iron accumulates in the erythroblast, and the end result is sideroblastic anemia.
A Pilot Study of <scp>d</scp>-Cycloserine in Subjects With Autistic Disorder
Authors: David J Posey, Deborah L Kem, Naomi B Swiezy, Thayne L Sweeten, Ryan E Wiegand, Christopher J McDougle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the effects of d-cycloserine on the core symptom of social impairment in subjects with autism. METHOD: Following a 2-week, single-blind placebo lead-in phase, drug-free subjects with autistic disorder were administered three different doses of d-cycloserine during each of three 2-week periods. Measures used for subject ratings included the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and Aberrant Behavior Checklist. RESULTS: Significant improvement was found on the CGI and social withdrawal subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist. d-Cycloserine was well tolerated at most of the doses used in this study. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, d-cycloserine treatment resulted in significant improvement in social withdrawal. Further controlled studies of d-cycloserine in autism appear warranted.
"A SIDELIGHT ON MEDICAL EDUCATION."
Authors: A. F. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1906)

H'f ON MEDICAL EDUOATION.""-1iw "37 very early stage.In the treatment of tuberculous deposits aceessibleto surgery it was not all-sufficient that opera- tions-should be carried out for the removal of the local lesion, for recurrence -was very frequent, In conjunction with-Professor McWeeney he had had experience of many cases in which threatened recurrence was aborted by the treatment referred to.Mr. M'Ardle asked was it not time to devote some of the wealth which had been filched -from Ireland in the past to the protection of the remnant of its once great population?Surely it was not beyond the resources of the predominant partner to provide properly for the care of a community too poor and too long kept in
Adverse reactions to intravenous induction agents.
Authors: J Watkins, A M Ward, J A Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Changing social-class distribution of heart disease SIR,-Dr M G Marmot and others (21 October, p 1109) have reported that changes in "con- sumptions of sugar and, to a lesser extent, milk" may be related to changes in social-class mortality from heart disease (non-valvular and hypertensive)-not in prevalence, as the title of the article might suggest.Their food data from the National Food Survey Commit- tee do not take into account possible social- class differences and changes in food con- sumption outside the home.Global epidemiological evidence on total consumptions indi- cates that milk is more likely than sugar to be aetiologically implicated in ischaemic heart disease.'
HCaRG Accelerates Tubular Repair after Ischemic Kidney Injury
Authors: Hiroyuki Matsuda, Julie L. Lavoie, Louis Gaboury, Pavel Hamet, Johanne Tremblay
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

The repair of the kidney after ischemia/reperfusion injury involves proliferation of proximal tubular epithelial cells as well as cell migration and differentiation. Immediately after reperfusion, expression of hypertension-related calcium-regulated gene (HCaRG/COMMD5) decreases, but its expression increases even higher than baseline during repair. HCaRG inhibits proliferation and accelerates wound healing and differentiation in cultured cells, but whether HCaRG can stimulate renal repair after ischemia/reperfusion injury is unknown. Here, transgenic mice overexpressing human HCaRG survived longer and recovered renal function faster than littermate controls after ischemia/reperfusion (64% versus 25% survival at 7 days). Proliferation of proximal tubular epithelial cells stopped earlier after ischemia/reperfusion injury, E-cadherin levels recovered more rapidly, and vimentin induction abated faster in transgenic mice. HCaRG overexpression also reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammation after injury. Taken together, these data suggest that HCaRG accelerates repair of renal proximal tubules by modulating cell proliferation of resident tubular epithelial cells and by facilitating redifferentiation.