tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammation, Malnutrition, and Cardiac Disease as Predictors of Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: A. Rashid Qureshi, Anders Alvestrand, Jose[Combining Acute Accent] C. Divino-Filho, Alberto Gutierrez, Olof Heimbu[Combining Diaeresis]rger, Bengt Lindholm, Jonas Bergstro[Combining Diaeresis]m
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Various studies suggest a strong association between nutrition and clinical outcome in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Several morbidity factors that per se increase the risk of a poor outcome, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inflammation, may also cause malnutrition. Among laboratory parameters used to assess nutritional status, serum albumin appears to be a particularly strong predictor of morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the importance of nutritional status and inflammation and other comorbidity factors as predictors of mortality in HD patients. Nutritional status was evaluated in 128 HD patients by subjective global nutritional assessment (SGNA) and by measuring several anthropometric markers (actual body weight, percentage of actual body weight to desirable body weight, midarm muscle circumferences, triceps skinfold thickness), and serum albumin, plasma insulin such as insulin growth factor-1 and as a marker of inflammation, serum C-reactive protein (s-CRP) levels. The mortality during the next 36 mo was analyzed in relation to age, gender, CVD, SGNA, serum albumin, CRP, and several other factors by Kaplan-Meier analysis multivariate. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. After 36 mo, 58 patients were still on HD treatment, 57 patients (45%) had died while receiving treatment, and 13 had received a kidney transplant. The main cause of death was CVD (58%), followed by infection (18%); malnutrition/cachexia was a rare direct cause of death (5%). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that age, female gender, CVD, diabetes, SGNA, all anthropometric parameters, serum albumin, plasma insulinlike growth factor-1, and s-CRP were significant predictors of mortality. Analysis by the Cox model showed that age, gender, CVD, nutritional status (SGNA), and CRP were independent predictors of mortality at 36 mo. A low albumin level was not an independent predictor, although it was strongly associated with a reduced survival rate in the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Inflammation, malnutrition, and CVD appeared to contribute to increased mortality in a stepwise manner. The mortality at 36 mo was 0% when none of these complications was present, whereas the mortality was 75% in those patients with all three risk factors present at baseline. It is concluded that in addition to malnutrition and comorbidities (CVD, diabetes mellitus), inflammation (elevated s-CRP) is a significant independent risk factor for mortality in HD patients. Inflammation, malnutrition, and CVD appear to be interrelated, each additionally contributing to the high mortality in these patients.
Once weekly epoetin beta to increase hemoglobin and improve quality of life in anemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A randomized, double-blind, dose-finding study
Authors: H. Sakai, Y. Ohashi, K. Hirashima, N. Saijo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8169 Background: Administering epoetin beta (EPO) to anemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy has been reported to improve their anemia and quality of life (QOL). We conducted a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding study to assess the efficacy of weekly EPO for patients with chemotherapy induced anemia (CIA). Methods: The patients with lung cancer and malignant lymphoma, hemoglobin (Hb) levels of ≤11g/dL, PS 0–2 were enrolled. EPO 9000, 18000, and 36000IU were administered SC once weekly for 12 weeks. QOL was assessed at baseline, after 7–11 weeks, and at the end of treatment (week 12), using FACT-An. Results: 86 patients were randomized. Mean Hb increased dose-dependently in all groups, and the 36000IU group showed a significantly greater change in Hb at week 12. The greater improvement of QOL was shown in the 36000IU group in patients with baseline Fatigue Subscale score (FSS) ≤36. The FSS also improved significantly in the patients with an increase in Hb level ≥2g/dL than <2g/dL (a change in FSS 2.3 versus −3.4, p=0.012), and there was a significant correlation between the change in FSS and change in Hb (r=0.435, p<0.001). However, dose-dependence was not observed among the three groups for the change in FSS. The percentage of patients receiving red blood cell transfusions remained lower in the 36000IU group. There were no adverse reactions showing clear dose-dependence. Conclusions: Weekly EPO improved QOL associated with an increased Hb level in CIA patients. The dosage of 36000IU was confirmed as the clinically recommended dose. A phase III, double-blind, comparative study with placebo control is ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prospective identification of neoantigen-specific lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients
Authors: Alena Gros, Maria R Parkhurst, Eric Tran, Anna Pasetto, Paul F Robbins, Sadia Ilyas, Todd D Prickett, Jared J Gartner, Jessica S Crystal, Ilana M Roberts, Kasia Trebska-McGowan, John R Wunderlich, James C Yang, Steven A Rosenberg
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
Identification of Patients Who Benefit From Bevacizumab in High-Grade Glioma—An Easy Question Turned Difficult: Treat the Scan or the Patient?
Authors: Tim J. Kruser, Minesh P. Mehta, Kevin R. Kozak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

TO THE EDITOR: Bevacizumab has activity in the CNS, with a randomized trial documenting its ability to reduce symptoms associated with radiation necrosis 1 and a reproducible impact on symptomsassociatedwithtumor-relatededemainrecurrentglioma. In addition, population-based assessments have suggested that the incorporation of bevacizumab into the treatment armamentarium has incrementally improved outcomes in high-grade glioma. 2
Safety and effectiveness of primary systemic therapy with docetaxel and trastuzumab in HER-2 positive breast cancer
Authors: J. J. Griggs, L. M. Schiffhauer, D. M. Sahasrabudhe, K. J. Pandya, C. Caldwell, J. Peacock, P. Messina, E. Spreng, P. Bourne, G. M. McGuire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

793 Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of primary systemic therapy with docetaxel plus trastuzumab in HER-2-positive Stage II and III breast cancer. Methods: Patients with T2- or T3 tumors with overexpression of HER-2 by immunohistochemistry were eligible. Participants received docetaxel 100 mg/sq m every 3 weeks for 4 courses and trastuzumab (4 mg/kg loading dose, then 2 mg/kg) weekly for 12 weeks. Support with filgrastim was added to the protocol after 4 of the first 10 patients developed febrile neutropenia. Serial measurements of tumor size were performed with physical examination, mammography, and ultrasonography. Serial evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was performed with echocardiogram or MUGA scan. Post-operative systemic therapy was given at the discretion of the treating oncologist. Results: Eighteen eligible patients enrolled. All completed 4 cycles of docetaxel. The average number of doses of trastuzumab was 11.7. There was no grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicity. Six subjects (33%) had a pathologic complete response. A partial response occurred in an additional 8 subjects. The combined partial- and complete pathologic response rate was 77% (14/18 subjects). Four subjects had minimal pathologic response to treatment. Tumors from all 4 subjects were found to be negative for overamplification of the HER-2 oncogene by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Fifteen participants received 4 cycles of adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide; an additional patient received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. An asymptomatic decline of 15% in the LVEF occurred in one participant but returned to the pre-treatment LVEF on evaluation 3 months later. No other participants had a significant change in LVEF. With a median follow up of 50 months (range 8 to 64 months), all 18 participants are alive without evidence of disease. Conclusions: Primary systemic therapy with docetaxel and trastuzumab is safe and effective in patients with tumors over expressing HER-2. Use of adjuvant doxorubicin after this combination does not appear to increase the likelihood of cardiac dysfunction. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis, Genentech
The diagnostic utility of DOG1 expression in KIT-negative GIST
Authors: A. P. Dei Tos, S. Rossi, A. Flanagan, P. C. Hogendoorn, M. Novelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

10551 Background: Accurate pathologic classification of GIST is mandatory in order to allow proper treatment. Approximately 5% of cases fail to express KIT (CD117) therefore representing a diagnostic challenge. DOG1 represents a novel marker originally identified in GIST by gene profiling analysis that potentially may prove helpful in recognizing KIT-negative GIST. Methods: 156 cases of GIST, 56 neural tumors, 66 smooth muscle tumors, 31 desmoid fibromatoses and 29 synovial sarcomas were retrieved from the files of the Departments of Pathology of Treviso General Hospital, of UCL, and of Stanmore Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. All cases were immunostained for DOG1, KIT (CD117) and PKCtheta. The diagnosis in KIT negative GIST was further confirmed by mutational analysis of KIT and PDGFRA genes. Results: KIT was positive in 148/156 GIST and was negative in all non-GIST lesions. DOG1 positivity was present in 155/156 GIST. Weak and focal staining was observed in 2/31 desmoid fibromatoses and in 2/29 synovial sarcomas. Importantly, all KIT-negative cases were strongly DOG1 positive. PKCtheta immunopositivity was present in 149/156 GIST, in 1/55 neural tumors, in 30/66 smooth muscle tumors and in 19/29 synovial sarcomas. Conclusions: 1. KIT still represents the most specific immunohistochemical marker for GIST. 2. DOG1 represents both a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for GIST. 3. DOG1 should be included in the routine diagnostic immunohistochemical panel as it allows proper classification of KIT-negative GIST. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A prospective study of TBNA of 63 patients from a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Avdhesh Bansal, Trilok Chand, Priyadarshi J. Kumar, Ravi Shekhar Jha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Role of TBNA (Transbronchial Needle Aspiration) through bronchoscopy in diagnosing mediastinal and hilar lesions is well established. Unfortunately, it is underutilized due to poor training and wide variation (20 to 89%) in yield. The yield is dependent on operator9s expertise besides size and location of the lesion. We share our experience of a prospective study of 63 cases performed at a tertiary care hospital by single operator over 6 months.   Method:  Bronchoscopy was performed in 63 consecutive patients with mediastinal and hilar lesions. Besides TBNA, bronchial biopsy, BAL and trans-bronchial lung biopsy were also performed when needed.   Results:  Most frequent presenting complaint was fever 63% (n=38) with or without cough. Lymph nodes greater then 0.5cm in size were punctured. Subcarinal node (n=52) and right paratracheal node (n=42) were most commonly punctured. TBNA was performed with 21 G needle and piggyback method was found to be most effective method for puncture. A positive result was obtained in 84% of patients (n=53). Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 55% (n=29) of the positive cases, malignancy in 23% (n=12) and sarcoidosis in 21% (n=11). Fungal infection and carcinoid were also seen.   Conclusion:  In expert hands, yield of TBNA can be quite high (84% in this study) and even small nodes can be targeted. In India, the cost of EBUS procedure is $600 vs. conventional TBNA, which costs $200 and is available in very few centers. Authors recommend, especially for developing countries, that before proclaiming EBUS as the new gold standard, proper method of conventional TBNA should be learned, which is more cost effective. Patient should be referred for EBUS only when TBNA is inconclusive.
Uptake and experiences of breast cancer patients referred for fertility preservation.
Authors: Jaime D Lewis, Celso Silva, Gwendolyn P. Quinn, Marie Catherine Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

86 Background: The 2006 ASCO guidelines suggest women of childbearing age receive counseling and referrals regarding the impact of treatment on fertility. Less is known about the use and uptake of FP in these women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the experience of patients referred for FP from a multidisciplinary breast cancer program. Methods: After IRB approval, patients diagnosed with a primary breast cancer between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2011 and referred for FP counseling were identified via queries of institutional databases. Clinicopathologic, treatment, and outcome data were collected. Patients who received a consultation with a reproductive endocrinologist (REI) and did not pursue FP were selected for further contact via telephone survey. Results: Twenty-two patients had a consultation with REI; 10 were nulliparous. Fifteen of these saw an REI prior to any treatment. Thirteen (59%) had embryo or oocyte preservation. The majority (9) underwent consultation with both surgical and medical oncology prior to REI. Nine of the 13 had surgery prior to FP. Of the remaining 9, 7 (78%) responded to a telephone survey. Six (86%) recalled counseling at the initial visit or prior to chemotherapy. Barriers to FP included: cost (3), perceived delay in chemotherapy (2), being overwhelmed by cancer diagnosis (2), uncertainty of FP effects on cancer (1), and ethical concerns (1). Conclusions: Patients counseled by multiple oncology providers in a multidisciplinary setting prior to REI consultation were more likely to pursue FP. Those who did not cited a number of factors in their decision. Consultation with multiple oncology specialists may enhance decision-making regarding FP. [Table: see text]
Shoulder Pain After Definitive Lung Radiotherapy
Authors: Robbie Fain, Charles R. Thomas, Nima Nabavizadeh
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

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Folic acid to prevent neural tube defects: another solution
Authors: Yona Amitai, Gideon Koren
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The BMJ Group recently published two pivotal European studies on folic acid and the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs). Khoshnood and colleagues’ study, which used 28 EUROCAT registries, identified no decrease in overall or specific NTDs in Europe between 1991 and 2011.1 Navarrete-Munoz and colleagues found that only a minority of Spanish women use high enough levels of folic acid supplementation to prevent NTDs during the critical time of organogenesis.2 These two studies, and another recent one from the UK,3 show the strategy of preventing NTDs by folic acid supplementation has failed. While Khoshnood and colleagues …
Rising drug prices drive US manufacturers’ revenues, analysis finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Drug price rises are contributing three times more to US drug company revenues than are increases in the volume of their prescription sales, shows an analysis of corporate filings and industry data conducted by the Wall Street Journal .

The analysis,1 reported on 5 October by the newspaper’s biotechnology reporter, Joseph Walker, found that wholesale price increases among the 30 top selling drugs sold by pharmacies in the United States averaged …
Electrolyte imbalances in patients admitted with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia: Patterns and impact on outcomes, a single-centre study from Pakistan
Authors: A. J. Shaikh, N. Masood, S. N. Adil, S. A. Bawany, A. A. Khan, S. Kumar, A. Lal, A. Zaidi, N. Niamutullah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20586 Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) and myelosupression remain a challenging oncologic medical emergency and dose limiting toxicity of chemotherapy. Various factors have been studied to be associated and affect outcome of patients admitted with FN. Electrolyte abnormalities have commonly been observed, but the real incidence and impact has been only scarcely studied. This study was conducted with the aim to observe the trends of electrolyte abnormalities seen synchronously in patients admitted with chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia and their possible influence on the outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study. A total of 215 patients admitted with FN between January 2007 and August 2008 were included. Analysis of data was made using SPSS version16.0. Toxicity profile was graded according to CTC version 3.0. Results: Febrile neutropenia was seen to be almost equally distributed among patients with solid or hematological malignancies. Males and females were seen to be affected almost equally as well. A total of 83.5% patients demonstrated some degree of electrolyte abnormalities. Hypokalemia, of any grade, was seen in 48% of patients, 51.4% having grade I, 33.3% grade III and 15.2% had grade IV hypokalemia. Hyponatremia of all grades was seen in 67.9% patients, 60.3% had Grade I, 33.3% grade III and 0.7% patients had grade IV hyponatremia. Hypomagnesaemia was seen in 54.3% patient, 94.7% having grade I decline. About 12% of patients with electrolyte deficit also had a co-existing Vomiting or diarrhea or both. Average length of stay was 5.7 days in patients having coexisting electrolyte abnormalities, compared to 4.2 days in those who had not. Out of 90 patients who requires special care unit 75 had electrolyte abnormalities, of 15 patients who expired 13 had electrolyte abnormalities. Conclusions: This analysis, which is perhaps first of its kind, suggests that electrolyte abnormalities are frequently observed in patients presenting with FN, independent of co existing vomiting or diarrhea. They can have a negative affect on the outcome such patients. Therefore the incidence and impact of electrolytes abnormalities on FN outcomes should be elaboratively studied further. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effects of tumor stroma interaction on global gene expression in breast cancer
Authors: M. Buess, D. Nuyten, T. Hastie, P. O. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10006 Background: Perturbations in cell-cell interaction are a key feature of cancer. However, the systematic effects of cell-cell interaction on global gene expression in cancer are largely unexplored. We hypothesized that gene expression signatures induced by cell-cell interaction might be of clinical relevance. Methods: We simulated tumor-stroma interaction in vitro by systematically co-cultivating each of 7 different breast cancer cell lines with stromal fibroblasts from 3 different sites, and determined associated gene expression changes with cDNA microarrays. A dataset of pretreatment gene expression profiles from 295 early stage breast cancers (stage 1 and 2) with a median follow up of 12.6 years allowed us to evaluate the prognostic significance of the gene expression signatures of specific cell-cell interactions derived from our ex vivo models. Results: The most prominent response to epithelial-mesenchymal interaction was an induction of interferon-response genes (IRG), observed in 4 of the 7 breast cancer cell lines in co-culture with fibroblasts, but not in normal mammary epithelial cells. In response to close contact with these breast cancer cells, the fibroblasts secreted type I interferons, which, in turn, induced expression of the IRG in the tumor cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of human breast cancer tissues showed that Stat1, the key transcriptional activator of the IRG, and itself an IRG, was expressed in a subset of the cancers, with a striking pattern of elevated expression in the cancer cells in contact with, or close proximity to, the tumor stroma - paralleling the response seen in our ex vivo model. In vivo, expression of the IRGs was remarkably coherent, providing a basis for segregation of the 295 early-stage breast cancers into two groups by unsupervised hierarchical clustering with the IRG. Tumors with high expression levels (n=161) of IRG were associated with significantly shorter overall survival; 59% at 10 years versus 80% at 10 years for tumors with low expression levels (n=134) (log-rank p=0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that an interaction between some breast cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts can induce an interferon response, and that this response may be associated with a greater propensity for tumor progression. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
BCR-ABL Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide In Vitro Purging and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Advanced Phase
Authors: Paolo de Fabritiis, Maria Concetta Petti, Enrico Montefusco, Maria Stefania De Propris, Roberta Sala, Roberto Bellucci, Marco Mancini, Alessandro Lisci, Francesco Bonetto, Tim Geiser, Bruno Calabretta, Franco Mandelli
Journal: Blood (1998)
Digging deeper into the intronic sequences of the<i>SPINK1</i>gene: Table 1
Authors: Wen-Bin Zou, Emmanuelle Masson, Arnaud Boulling, David N Cooper, Zhao-Shen Li, Zhuan Liao, Claude Férec, Jian-Min Chen
Journal: Gut (2016)

er, D avi d N eil , Li, Z h a o-S h e n, Lia o, Z h u a n , F é r e c, Cl
Widespread Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma Shown by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Cigdem Soydal, Elgin Ozkan, Halis Yerlikaya, Gungor Utkan, Ozlem Nuriye Kucuk
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

We present the 18F-FDG and 68Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT images of a 61-year-old patient with a newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma (4 + 4 Gleason score) and high serum prostate-specific antigen levels (460 ng/mL). In 18F-FDG PET/CT, minimal uptake was demonstrated in the prostatic mass without any accompanying pathological uptake. However, 68Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT revealed multiple pathological uptake in the lung nodules, mediastinal nodes, abdominal-pelvic lymph nodes, bone lesions, and prostatic mass.