tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vitamin A deficiency: policy implications of estimates of trends and mortality in children – Authors' reply
Authors: Majid Ezzati, James E Bennett, Robert E Black, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Wafaie Fawzi
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

Our reference1Stevens GA Bennett JE Hennocq Q et al.Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys.Lancet Glob Health. 2015; 3: e528-e536Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (286) Google Scholar to the work of Mason and colleagues2Mason J Greiner T Shrimpton R Sanders D Yukich J Vitamin A policies need rethinking.Int J Epidemiol. 2015; 44: 283-292Crossref PubMed Scopus (76) Google Scholar was in a sentence that stated that “until this [an improvement in the overall nutrition of the population, including through dietary diversification and improved access to vitamin-rich foods, and improved access to treatment for infectious diseases] happens, large scale or targeted supplementation or fortification strategies will probably have some beneficial effect on mortality in these [south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa] regions”. This approach, whose ultimate aim is regular intake, largely through diet, is not inconsistent with the prudent phase-over approach outlined by Mason and colleagues.2Mason J Greiner T Shrimpton R Sanders D Yukich J Vitamin A policies need rethinking.Int J Epidemiol. 2015; 44: 283-292Crossref PubMed Scopus (76) Google Scholar We declare no competing interests. Vitamin A deficiency: policy implications of estimates of trends and mortality in childrenWe welcome the Article by Gretchen Stevens and colleagues (September, 2015),1 although wish to correct a, no doubt, inadvertent misrepresentation of our views. Stevens and colleagues cite our paper2 in support of their statement that “large scale or targeted supplementation or fortification strategies will probably have some beneficial effect on mortality in these regions [south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa]”. We advocated a prudent phase-over away from vitamin A capsules to more physiological and locally appropriate methods. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Ant Genetics: Reproductive Physiology, Worker Morphology, and Behavior
Authors: D.A. Friedman, D.M. Gordon
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2016)

Many exciting studies have begun to elucidate the genetics of the morphological and physiological diversity of ants, but as yet few studies have investigated the genetics of ant behavior directly. Ant genomes are marked by extreme rates of gene turnover, especially in gene families related to olfactory communication, such as the synthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons and the perception of environmental semiochemicals. Transcriptomic and epigenetic differences are apparent between reproductive and sterile females, males and females, and workers that differ in body size. Quantitative genetic approaches suggest heritability of task performance, and population genetic studies indicate a genetic association with reproductive status in some species. Gene expression is associated with behavior including foraging, response to queens attempting to join a colony, circadian patterns of task performance, and age-related changes of task. Ant behavioral genetics needs further investigation of the feedback between individual-level physiological changes and socially mediated responses to environmental conditions.
Systemic Correlates of White Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Neil M. Iyengar, Xi Kathy Zhou, Ayca Gucalp, Patrick G. Morris, Louise R. Howe, Dilip D. Giri, Monica Morrow, Hanhan Wang, Michael Pollak, Lee W. Jones, Clifford A. Hudis, Andrew J. Dannenberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators are associated with poorer prognosis in early-stage breast cancer. To investigate whether white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation represents a potential unifying mechanism, we examined the relationship between breast WAT inflammation and the metabolic syndrome and its prognostic importance. Experimental Design: WAT inflammation was defined by the presence of dead/dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages forming crown-like structures (CLS) of the breast. Two independent groups were examined in cross-sectional (cohort 1) and retrospective (cohort 2) studies. Cohort 1 included 100 women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer risk reduction (n = 10) or treatment (n = 90). Metabolic syndrome–associated circulating factors were compared by CLS-B status. The association between CLS of the breast and the metabolic syndrome was validated in cohort 2, which included 127 women who developed metastatic breast cancer. Distant recurrence-free survival (dRFS) was compared by CLS-B status. Results: In cohorts 1 and 2, breast WAT inflammation was detected in 52 of 100 (52%) and 52 of 127 (41%) patients, respectively. Patients with breast WAT inflammation had elevated insulin, glucose, leptin, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and IL6 and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in cohort 1. In cohort 2, breast WAT inflammation was associated with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Compared with patients without breast WAT inflammation, the adjusted HR for dRFS was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.07–3.13) for patients with inflammation. Conclusions: WAT inflammation, a clinically occult process, helps to explain the relationship between metabolic syndrome and worse breast cancer prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2283–9. ©2015 AACR.
Notch 1 and Notch 3 and prognosis of resected non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: E. Cho, S. Ha, S. Park, J. Lee, J. Park, S. Jung, S. Sym, D. Shin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e21089 Background: Notch receptors play a role in development and maintenance of normal tissue by decision of the fate of the cell. The four mammalian Notch genes (Notch1-4) encode 300kDa single-pass transmembrane receptors. Notch can variously serve as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, a repressor or inducer of terminal differentiation, and perhaps a cancer stem cell factor in specific contexts. Oncogenic Notch signaling is found in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL), prostate, ovarian cancer, melanoma and breast cancer. The Notch pathway in cancer is close association with differentiation gone away. It is not clear whether Notchs play a role in pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. We examined Notch 1 and 3 to study the correlation of Notch expression and prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: We analyzed Notch 1 and 3 by immunohistochemical stain on surgical tumor specimens. Results: One hundred fifty-nine of 185 resected tissues for lung cancer (median age 62 years) were available for immunohistochemical stain. Notch 1 and 3 receptors were detected in 119 (74.8%) and 130 (81.7%) of total 159 (M:F=114:45) tumor tissues, respectively. Notch 1 receptors showed higher expressions on squamous cell carcinoma than non-squamous cell carcinoma (81% vs. 67%, p=0.044). However, it was not correlated with sex, smoking status or advanced stages. Notch 3 was not associated with those clinical factors. Three year-overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) were 66 % and 60 % in all patients, respectively. Patients with any expression of Notch1 or 3 have correlated with neither RFS nor OS. Both of their expressions were detected in 106 of 159 (66.7%) tumor tissues. Sixteen (10 %) had negative expressions in both of them. The patients with both positive expressions had the tendency of longer OS than all negative patients. Their 3 year OS were 66.3 % vs. 45.8% (p=0.068) and 3 year RFS were 60.7% vs. 49.7 % (p=0.350). Conclusions: Notch 1 showed higher expression on squamous cell carcinoma. Neither Notch 1 nor 3 have correlated with RFS or OS, but patients with both expressions had the tendency of longer overall survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity against breast cancer is not predicted by KIR/KIR ligand incompatibility but is augmented by trastuzumab
Authors: M. N. Stein, J. Shin, O. Gudzowaty, A. Bernstein, J. M. Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9605 Background: NK cells express killer immunoglobulin receptors (KIR) that recognize certain HLA class I ligands, thus preventing them from killing those cells. In haploidentical transplantation for leukemia, mismatch between donor and recipient KIR ligands correlated with a remarkably low relapse rate. We investigated if antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by allogeneic NK cells against the HER2+ cell line, SKBR3, is affected by KIR ligand incompatibility. Furthermore, we investigated if KIR inhibition could be overcome by trastuzumab. Methods: Genotyping established that donor 1 and the SKBR3 cell line belonged to the C1 group, whereas donor 2 was in the C2 group. KIR genotyping established that donor 2 had all of donor 1's KIR genes, plus the inhibitory 2DL5A and the activating 2DS3 and 3DS1 genes. Donor NK cells were isolated using a magnetic bead isolation kit, and NK cell cytotoxicity was assessed by flow cytometry. In some experiments, trastuzumab (50ug/ml) was added to the target cells 30 minutes prior to the addition of NK cells. Results: Donor 1 NK cells (HLA-C compatible with SKBR3 cells) exhibited greater cytotoxicity as compared to donor 2 NK cells (HLA-C disparate) at E:T ratios from 15:1 to 3:1. At an E:T of 15:1, donor 1 NK cells exhibited 23% greater toxicity compared to donor 2 NK cells. When SKBR3 cells were incubated with trastuzumab, donor 1 cytotoxicity increased by 90% (from 43 to 82%) at an E:T of 15:1. Donor 2 cytotoxicity increased by 86% (from 37 to 64%). Conclusions: HLA-C matched NK cells had increased cytotoxicity against SKBR3 compared to HLA-mismatched NK cells, contrary to observations previously reported in leukemia and renal cell carcinoma. Differences in NK cell activity may have resulted from additional non-KIR inhibitory receptors in donor 2 or non-KIR activating receptors in donor 1. Alternatively, the activating receptor 2DS3 in donor 2 may have had a paradoxical adverse effect on NK function. Trastuzumab clearly augmented NK cell alloreactivity and may be a potent adjuvant to NK- based cellular therapy even in the setting of NK cell inhibition by HLA-C inhibitory ligands. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Association of APOC3 Loss-of-Function Mutations With Plasma Lipids and Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Pradeep Natarajan, Puja Kohli, Usman Baber, Khanh-Dung H. Nguyen, Samantha Sartori, Dermot F. Reilly, Roxana Mehran, Pieter Muntendam, Valentin Fuster, Daniel J. Rader, Sekar Kathiresan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Predicting Thromboembolism and Selecting Patients for Anticoagulant Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: William S. Weintraub
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Behenoyl cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisolone combination therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia in adults and prognostic factors related to remission duration and survival length.
Authors: R Ohno, Y Kato, E Nagura, T Murase, M Okumura, H Yamada, M Ogura, S Minami, H Suzuki, Y Morishima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Fifty-one consecutive previously untreated adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were treated with BHAC-DMP (N4-behenoyl-I-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine, daunorubicin, 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisolone) therapy. Forty-two patients (82.4%) achieved complete remission (CR). The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a probability for remaining in remission of 14% and for survival of 23% at 6 years. Pretreatment factors related to the achievement of CR, such as age, French-American-British (FAB) classification and WBC at the start of treatment, were not identified. Factors related to the CR duration and survival time of the patients who had achieved CR were first analyzed by a univariate analysis with the generalized Wilcoxon test. WBC count at the start of treatment, percent of blasts in the marrow at 1 and 2 weeks after the initiation of therapy, days required until CR, number of courses of induction therapy required until CR, and days required for the disappearance of circulating blasts were identified as statistically significant prognostic factors. When these characteristics were further analyzed by the Cox multivariate regression model, the percent of blasts in the bone marrow at 2 weeks was the most important prognostic factor with a statistical significance, and WBC count at the start of treatment and days required until CR (or number of courses required to achieve CR) were also important factors, with borderline significance.
Bilateral testicular germ cell tumors.
Authors: Stephanie A. Curreri, Sarah C. Markt, Rowan Miller, Elizabeth O'Donnell, Brandon David Bernard, Sophia C. Kamran, Laurence Albiges, Alexi A. Wright, Christopher Sweeney, Clair Beard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

392 Background: Germ cell tumors (GCTs), both seminomatous and non-seminomatous, account for greater than 90% of testicular cancers. While bilateral testicular GCTs are rare, the incidence of bilateral tumors has increased over time. Methods: 668 cases of bilateral and 38,593 cases of unilateral testicular GCTs were reported between 1973 and 2011 by the SEER database. Patient characteristics and tumor features were analyzed. Results: The incidence of bilateral GCTs among men with testicular GCTs was 1.7% (668 of 39,261 total cases). Among the 668 men with bilateral GCTs, 53% (n=353) of second GCTs occurred within three years after the first cancer. 29% (n=196) of bilateral tumors occurred synchronously. Among patients with bilateral GCTs, 378 first GCTs and 466 second GCTs were seminomatous. 43% of bilateral cases were concordant seminomatous GCTs, 16% were concordant non-seminomas, and 41% were discordant histologies. 68% of unilateral GCTs, 70% of first GCTs, and 82% of second GCTs were staged as Localized disease. Testicular cancer was the cause of death for 4% (n=1,630) of men with a unilateral GCT and 1% (n=8) of men with bilateral GCTs. A second malignant neoplasm (SMN) was the cause of death for 2% (n=736) of men with a unilateral GCT and 2% (n=16) of men with bilateral GCTs. Conclusions: Among men with bilateral testicular GCTs, 59% had concordant histological diagnoses between their first and second tumor. Most (53%) second cancers among men with bilateral tumors occurred within three years after diagnosis of first cancers. Men who experience bilateral testicular GCTs do not appear to have an increased risk of death due to testicular cancer or a subsequent non-germ cell malignant neoplasm compared to men with a unilateral testicular GCT. [Table: see text]
Concurrent control of blood glucose, pressure, lipids, and body mass in patients with type 2 diabetes and comparison with the 2013 Chinese guidelines: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Qin, Xiaoqun Pan, Jian Su, Jie Yang, Wencong Du, Ning Zhang, Shujun Gu, Ming Su, Caiyun Miao, Chong Shen, Ming Wu
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Biology and prognosis of 1,685 recently diagnosed HER2-positive breast carcinomas
Authors: S. Ménard, S. De Placido, S. Scalone, A. Molino, M. Mottolese, F. Perrone, P. Querzoli, A. Sapino, M. Venturini, G. Viale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10501 Background: Understanding biology, prognosis and drug-sensitivity of HER2-positive breast cancer might help optimization of treatment of patients affected by this type of cancer. Most available studies are retrospective and suffer from the low frequency of this tumor subset. Methods: We conducted a large national retrospective/prospective study involving 1685 patients (cases) with HER2-positive (2+, 3+ score) primary breast carcinomas diagnosed in Italy in 2000/2001; for each case, in each participating center, a control was identified as the first consecutive patient with HER2-negative cancer (0, 1+ score). Results: In addition to the already known association with some pathologic parameters such as grade, hormone receptors, and ductal histotype, the four HER2 categories also displayed specific features, for example, a significantly higher frequency of p53-positivity among HER2–2+ tumors than in the other three categories, and a significantly lower frequency of lymphoid infiltration and desmoplasia, accompanied by a higher frequency of vascular invasion, in HER2–1+ as compared to HER2–0 tumors. Neither tumor size nor nodal involvement were associated with HER2 status. With a median follow-up of 4 yrs, the HER2-positive group showed a 20% relapse rate versus 14% in the HER2-negative group (p &lt; 0.001). Analysis of relapse rates in the four HER2 categories indicated that only 3+ tumors show a significantly poorer prognosis, in both node-positive and node-negative subgroups; however, when patients who underwent invasive surgery are considered, the HER2–2+ patients also showed a significantly increased relapse rate as compared to negative cases, consistent with a stimulation of tumor cells by growth factors released at the time of surgery. Analysis of relapse rates according to type of therapy confirms the unresponsiveness to tamoxifen but sensitivity to chemotherapy, in particular taxanes, of HER2-positive tumors. Indeed, HER2-positive tumors were found to have a significantly better prognosis than HER2-negative when treated with taxanes. Conclusions: The present analysis conducted in a very large series of HER2-positive cases suggests innovative findings that can help optimization of treatment strategy for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prophylactic cranial irradiation in complete responders with small-cell lung cancer: analysis of the Mayo Clinic and North Central Cancer Treatment Group data bases.
Authors: E G Shaw, J Q Su, R T Eagan, J R Jett, A W Maksymiuk, F A Deigert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

PURPOSE To determine whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has an impact on brain failure and survival in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) who have achieved a complete response to chemotherapy with or without thoracic radiation therapy (TRT). METHODS Between 1975 and 1990, the Mayo Clinic and North Central Cancer Treatment Group entered 1,617 patients on 15 phase II and III SCLC protocols of chemotherapy with or without TRT and PCI. RESULTS Of 772 patients with limited disease, 457 (59%) achieved a complete response, compared with 200 of 845 patients (24%) with extensive disease. With follow-up durations of 2 to 17 years (median, 4), the median survival time and 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates for the 457 completely responding limited-disease (LD-CR) patients were 19.6 months, 41%, 17%, and 5%, compared with 13.9 months, 26%, 8%, and 5%, respectively, for the 200 completely responding extensive disease (ED-CR) patients (P = .0001). Multiple prognostic factors, including whether the patient did or did not receive PCI (30 to 38 Gy in 2- to 3.6-Gy fractions) were analyzed. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, PCI was not associated with improved (or worsened) survival. The brain relapse rate was 37% for LD-CR patients who did not receive PCI versus 9% for those who did (P = .0001). In ED-CR patients, the brain relapse rate was 31% without PCI and 8% with (P = .009). Essentially all patients who developed brain relapse died within 2 years, with a median survival time of 3.7 months following relapse. Severe, life-threatening, or fatal CNS toxicity occurred in approximately 3% of patients who received PCI. CONCLUSION The use of PCI remains controversial outside the setting of a clinical trial.
Cross-sectional analysis of patients with non-mGC in China: An update of EVIDENCE gastric cancer registry study.
Authors: Xin Wang, Jiafu Ji, Zhichao Zheng, Helong Zhang, Weiping Zhou, Wuyun Su, Qi Luo, Qunyi Guo, Xiaoyi Li, Yong Tang, Jian-Ming Xu, Feng Tao, Wei Li, Xiaoqin Li, Shukui Qin, Eric Chi-Wang Yu, Chen Yang, Lin Shen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

49 Background: According to WHO estimation, &gt; 400,000 new cases of gastric cancer have occurred in 2012 in China, making it the second most common malignancy in the country. However, little is known about epidemiological data of gastric cancer in China. This analysis aimed to evaluate clinicopathological and socioeconomic characteristics of Chinese patients with non-mGC. Methods: EVIDENCE was a prospective registry study. 2,600 patients with newly diagnosed gastric cancer from 85 hospitals across China were planned to be enrolled into this study. Patients who have histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of gastric cancer and corresponding HER2 IHC status diagnostic results within 6 months before enrollment are eligible. According to overall stage of disease, HER2 status, and use of trastuzumab (Herceptin®), patients are continuously assigned to 5 different cohorts until number of patients has reached the designated limit of each cohort. Results: Until 31 st May 2014, 885 eligible patients were continuously enrolled before completion of recruitment of any cohort. Of these patients, 538 (60.8%) patients who were diagnosed with non-mGC were included in this analysis. In this population, 15.6% of these patients were HER2-positive (IHC3+ or IHC2+/ISH+), 73.6% were male, median age of diagnosis was 60 (range: 26-85). 75.3% (403/535) of patients were diagnosed with upper endoscopy, 65% (348/535) with biopsy, and 23.9% (128/535) with surgery. Primary tumor site of 37.2% (191/514) of patients was at the antrum (the lower third of stomach), 22.8% (117/514) was at the body (the middle third of stomach), 17.7% (91/514) was at the gastro-oesophageal junction, and 10.9% (56/514) was at the fundus (the upper third of stomach). 43.0% were former or current smokers, 30.3% had reported light to moderate alcohol consumption habit. Most of the patients (39.5%) had completed primary education or below, 53.6% reported their family annual income of RMB 35,000 (US$5,700) or below. Conclusions: Analysis of clinicolpathological and socioeconomic characteristics of Chinese patients with GC will help to improve disease management of these patients. Patient recruitment and additional analyses will be continued as planned. Clinical trial information: NCT01839500.