tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of Repeat Offending Among Violent Female Offenders With Psychotic and Personality Disorders
Authors: Hanna Putkonen, Erkki J Komulainen, Matti Virkkunen, Markku Eronen, Jouko Lönnqvist
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

The aim of this study was to examine the rate of criminal recidivism among female homicide offenders evaluated by forensic psychiatrists, to compare this rate with that of other violent female offenders, and to analyze the explanatory variables of recidivism.This was a retrospective study of all women (N=132) sent for forensic psychiatric examination after being convicted of homicide or attempted homicide in Finland during 1982-1992; subjects were followed up until mid-1999. Data were collected from the national crime register, the prisoner record, and Statistics Finland. The authors compared the rate of violent repeat offending in this group with that of other violent women and analyzed the explanatory variables of recidivism.During the follow-up period, 23% of the study group committed a repeat offense, 15% of which were violent and 3% of which were homicides. Almost half of all repeat offenses occurred within the first 2 years after the index offense. There was no statistically significant difference in violent recidivism between the study group and other violent female offenders. Of those who committed repeat offenses, 81% were diagnosed with a personality disorder, and 10% were diagnosed with psychosis. Criminality prior to the index event, alcohol or drug dependency, and young age significantly raised the risk and rapidity of further offenses.The risk of recidivism was high in this study group yet was similar to that of other violent female offenders. The risk was high very early after release. It seems that women and men who are violent and have personality disorders are comparable in their risk of recidivism.
Toward MicroRNA–Based Therapeutics for Heart Disease
Authors: Eva van Rooij, William S. Marshall, Eric N. Olson
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

MicroRNAs act as negative regulators of gene expression by inhibiting the translation or promoting the degradation of target mRNAs. Because individual microRNAs often regulate the expression of multiple target genes with related functions, modulating the expression of a single microRNA can, in principle, influence an entire gene network and thereby modify complex disease phenotypes. Recent studies have identified signature expression patterns of microRNAs associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and myocardial infarction in humans and mouse models of heart disease. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in mice have revealed profound and unexpected functions for these microRNAs in numerous facets of cardiac biology, including the control of myocyte growth, contractility, fibrosis, and angiogenesis, providing glimpses of new regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for heart disease. Especially intriguing is the discovery of a network of muscle-specific microRNAs embedded within myosin heavy chain genes, which control myosin expression and the response of the heart to stress and thyroid hormone signaling. Disease-inducing cardiac microRNAs can be persistently silenced in vivo through systemic delivery of antimiRs, allowing for the direct therapeutic modulation of disease mechanisms. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the roles of miRNAs in heart disease and consider the advantages and potential challenges of microRNA–based approaches compared to conventional drug-based therapies.
Patients With Merkel Cell Carcinoma Tumors ≤ 1.0 cm in Diameter Are Unlikely to Harbor Regional Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Jayme B. Stokes, Katherine S. Graw, Lynn T. Dengel, Brian R. Swenson, Todd W. Bauer, Craig L. Slingluff, Elihu J. Ledesma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine cutaneous malignancy. Current recommendations include offering regional lymph node evaluation by either sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or complete lymph node dissection (CLND) to all patients with MCC; however, we hypothesized a cohort of low-risk patients may exist for whom regional nodal metastasis would be unlikely.A retrospective review of the Department of Veterans Affairs national health care database was performed. Patients undergoing resection of primary MCC were identified; and demographic, medical, and social history; tumor characteristics; nodal status; and recurrence events were recorded.Between 1995 and 2006, 346 patients were diagnosed with MCC. Of these, 213 underwent resection of the primary lesion and evaluation of the draining lymph node basin. Fifty-four patients (25%) had tumors < or = 1.0 cm in diameter. Average tumor diameter was 0.7 cm, and 63% were located on the head or neck. Only two patients (4%) with tumors < or = 1.0 cm had regional lymph node metastasis, compared with 51 (24%) of 213 patients with tumors more than 1.0 cm (P < .0001). Both patients had clinically evident nodal disease at presentation and underwent CLND. Both have remained recurrence-free for 40 months. Thirteen (25%) of 51 patients with nodal metastasis and tumors more than 1 cm had occult nodal metastasis.In this series, patients with MCC < or = 1.0 cm were unlikely to have regional lymph node metastasis, suggesting that regional nodal evaluation may reasonably be avoided in these patients. However, these data support SLNB for MCC more than 1 cm in diameter.
SEXUAL DISORDERS AND BEHAVIOR THERAPY
Authors: S. RACHMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

An account is given of the available results of behavior therapy in the treatment of sexual disorders. To date attempts have been made to treat impotence, frigidity, voyeurism, exhibitionism, transvestism, fetishism and homosexuality. The results suggest that the methods of behavior therapy can be applied with success in treating sexual disorders. Some additional suggestions are made.
Effect of inhaled fluticasone propionate on airway responsiveness in treatment-naive individuals - a lesser benefit in females
Authors: R.P. Convery, D.N. Leitch, C. Bromly, R.J. Ward, G. Bartlett, D.J. Hendrick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group study with inhaled fluticasone propionate over 6 weeks, designed to quantify the beneficial effect on airway responsiveness, and so assess whether short pulses of intermittent prophylactic treatment might serve as an alternative means of managing mild asthma, is reported. The 20-50-yr-old participants, who were recruited from an epidemiological study of the general population, had never knowingly received any regular treatment for asthma. Fluticasone propionate at the maximum recommended dose level (2,000 microg daily) and placebo were administered via metered-dose inhalers, and airway responsiveness was quantified conventionally by the provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (PD20) at 2-week intervals during the treatment phase and at various intervals subsequently. Compared with placebo fluticasone propionate was associated with a highly significant decrease in airway responsiveness (1.9 doublings of the geometric mean PD20), which was maximal at the end of the 6-week treatment period. No persisting benefit was detectable at the next measurement 2 weeks later, or thereafter. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the magnitude of the fluticasone propionate effect was significantly greater in males than in females (3.2 versus 1.2 doublings respectively of the geometric mean PD20), but was uninfluenced by current smoking, age or FEV1. In conclusion, in the absence of any possibility of tachyphylaxis, inhaled fluticasone propionate at this dose causes a steadily increasing improvement in airway responsiveness over a 6-week period, which is modified by sex but lost almost immediately on treatment cessation. Short pulses of intermittent prophylactic treatment would not, therefore, be useful as a means of managing mild asthma.
Flow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation: key concepts in modern respiratory physiology
Authors: P M A Calverley, N G Koulouris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Fashions in ideas, like clothes, come and go. From approximately 1950–1980, physiological research was seen as the key discipline in understanding lung disease and was at the cutting edge of pulmonary science. Subsequently, its importance has been down played amid a widely accepted but unfounded assumption that we now have a perfect working understanding of the physiological behaviour of the respiratory system in health and disease. Although it seems improbable that completely new disciplines within respiratory physiology will emerge with fundamentally different ways of describing the mechanical or gas exchanging function of the lung, advances in computing and new observations in disease have highlighted previously unsuspected physiological abnormalities that have changed the way we view lung disease and the interface between disordered lung mechanics, symptomatology and disability. This is especially true for the two related physiological concepts of expiratory flow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation, which are now being taken from the physiological laboratory to the bedside with dramatic effect. Each arises from well-established theoretical and practical observations first made 40 yrs ago and now adapted to a range of settings, particularly in the field of obstructive lung disease. This review focuses on how these conditions are defined and assessed and what evidence there is that they might be important in lung disease.
Nuclear Factor-κB p50 Limits Inflammation and Prevents Lung Injury during<i>Escherichia coli</i>Pneumonia
Authors: Joseph P. Mizgerd, Michal M. Lupa, Mariya S. Kogan, Henry B. Warren, Lester Kobzik, George P. Topulos
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Inflammatory responses to infection must be precisely regulated to facilitate microbial killing while limiting host tissue damage. Many inflammatory genes are regulated by κB sites, and the p50 subunit of nuclear factor-κB suppresses the expression of κB-associated genes in vitro. We hypothesized that p50 is essential to prevent excessive inflammation and injury during infection. During pulmonary infection with Escherichia coli, the gene-targeted deficiency of p50 did not affect bacterial clearance from mouse lungs, but it resulted in increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines 6 to 24 hours after infection. This dysregulation exacerbated inflammation (neutrophil recruitment), respiratory distress (pulmonary edema and blood gas exchange impairment), and decompartmentalization (transit of protein and bacteria from the air spaces to the blood). We interpret these studies to indicate that endogenous p50 protects the host by curbing inflammatory responses to prevent injury, essential to survive pneumonia.
Transoesophageal echocardiography and lung cancer staging
Authors: J M Maskill
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Cardiac involvement by tumour is found in 25% of patients who die from lung cancer and, in the majority of these patients, the involvement is asymptomatic.1 With a significant proportion of patients subjected to lung cancer surgery dying from disease progression within 6 months of surgery, the British Thoracic Society guidelines on the selection of patients …
Counselling athletes: applying Reversal Theory
Authors: J Thatcher
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Silence on clinical fundamentalsYour point about lifesaving hand washing to prevent diarrhoeal illness 1 is well made.I have found that the inattention you have noted to such clinical fundamentals in textbooks on sports medicine is mirrored by the absence of any notation, affirmative or otherwise, in many textbooks on pain, correlating the symptom (pain) with the physical sign (tenderness), a rudimentary clinical confirmation of the validity of pain, according to my clinical training in Ireland, that could distinguish malingering from a genuine complaint of pain, for example.Perhaps I have received a false impression but, if so, the utility of eliciting tenderness, a longstanding custom during physical examination, seems a mystery.In November 2002, I attended a conference in Florida on prescribing addictive drugs.None of the purportedly expert presenters mentioned the issue spontaneously.When I collared one of them after his lecture and enquired specifically about the point, he claimed that chronic, non-malignant pain and tenderness are usually ''dissociated''that is, a patient can suffer chronic, nonmalignant pain in the absence of tenderness of the painful part, on physical examination.This assertion seemed contrary to my own, admittedly anecdotal, experience over some 24 years.Furthermore, it would seem to (a) render chronic, non-malignant pain, and maybe all pain, unknowable and undetectable (except perhaps to the alleged sufferer, although nobody else can tell), (b) place the assessment of pain in the realm of ''pathological science'', 5 and (c) invalidate the very idea of regulation of narcotic drugs to ensure that the practitioner prescribe one only when it ''corresponds to the ailment''. 5 The silence on the subject in the medical literature seemed anomalous.A Boolean Pubmed search on the keywords ''pain'' and ''tenderness'' revealed no relevant articles.I examined all 114 textbooks on pain in the medical library of the University of Southern California (USC) and found two 2 3 that addressed the issue.
P17.04 * RANO CRITERIA APPLIED TO A PHASE II RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER TRIAL COMPARING TEMOZOLOMIDE (TMZ) VS TMZ-PLUS-BEVACIZUMAB (BEV) BEFORE STANDARD TREATMENT IN UNRESECTABLE GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM) PATIENTS (P).GENOM 009 STUDY BY THE GEINO GROUP
Authors: C. Balana, R. d. l. Penas, J. Sepulveda, M. G. Gil, R. Luque, O. Gallego, G. Reynes, A. Herrero, P. Perez-Segura, A. Berrocal
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: RANO criteria were applied to evaluate differences in response between the 2 arms: TMZ or TMZ + BEV in a randomized study. We evaluate here the RANO sub-criterion (PI) to evaluate response. METHODS: Between December 2009 and April 2013, p with unresectable GBM, PS < 3 and MMS ≥25 were randomly assigned to receive eitherTMZ (200 mg/m2, days 1–5,for 2 28-day cycles), followed by standard TMZ with concomitant radiotherapy (60Gy) and then adjuvant TMZ for 6 cycles (TMZ Arm), or the same regimen but with the addition of BEV (10mg/kg /15 days) during pre-radiotherapy and concomitant treatment (BEV Arm). The primary endpoint was response according to RANO criteria after the 2 pre-radiotherapy cycles. The study was powered to detect a 30% difference between arms. A centralized revision of MRI's blinded to clinical status of p is ongoing. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01102595). RESULTS:103 p were registered and 93 randomized – 45 to the TMZ Arm and 48 to the BEV Arm. All p who received at least one dose of treatment were included in the analysis. Overall response rate (ORR) was evaluated after the 2-pre-radiotherapy cycles. Patients completed pre-radiotherapy treatment in 48.9% (TMZ Arm) vs 66.7% (BEV Arm), p = 0.08. Response was not evaluable in 3p (TMZ arm) and 5p (BEV arm) because of previous toxicity or refuse to continue. ORR by RANO criteria for evaluable p was: Arm TMZ: PR 3 (7.1%) SD 8 (19%) PD 31 (73.8%)., Arm B: PR 11 (25.6%) SD 17 (39.5%) 15 (34.9%) P = 0.001. Response by individual RANO sub criterion (Arm TMZ% vs Arm BEV%).1- MRI IP: PR (8.3 vs 26.2), SD (22.2 vs 42.8), P (69.4 vs 31) (P = 0.003), 2-Neurological status: SD (54.8 vs 79.5), No SD (45.2 vs 20.5) (P = 0.014), 3-Dexametasone dose: stable (60.5 vs 51.2), increase (28.9 vs 4.7), reduction (10.5 vs 44.2) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: ORR was significantly higher in the BEV Arm for both for general RANO criteria as for each individual criterion (MRI, clinical stability and dexametasone doses.
Coronary Thrombosis and Fatal Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: WILLIAM C. ROBERTS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Coronary Thrombosis and Fatal Myocardial IschemiaIN RECENT years the role of coronary thrombosis as a precipitating cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been questioned."Which comes first, coronary thrombosis or myocardial necrosis?"Before attempting to answer this ques- tion, changes observed routinely in the coronary arteries in fatal ischemic heart disease (IHD) will be reviewed:1) The coronary arteries are diffusely involved by atherosclerotic plaques.'Although the lumens of some segments are more severely narrowed than others, all portions of the extramural coronary tree are involved by the atherosclerotic process.2) In fatal IHD, with rare exception, the lumens of at least two of the three major coronary arteries are >75% narrowed by old atherosclerotic plaques.' The most severe narrowing tends to be in the more proximal portions of the left anterior descending and left circumflex branches; the distal half of the right coronary artery is prone to narrowing that is as severe as that in its proximal portion.3) The atherosclerotic process is limited to the epicardial coronary arteries, i.e., the mnajor trunks and their near right-angle branches.The intramural (intramyocardial) coronary arteries are spared by the atherosclerotic process.4) The coronary artery responsible for perfusing with oxygen the area of myocardial ischemia is not necessarily the most severely narrowed of the 3 major coronary arteries but its lumen is virtually always >75% narrowed at some point by athero- sclerotic plaques.
Screening older people for impaired vision in primary care: cluster randomised trial
Authors: L. Smeeth
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine the effectiveness of screening for visual impairment in people aged 75 or over as part of a multidimensional screening programme. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> General practices in the United Kingdom participating in the MRC trial of assessment and management of older people in the community. <b>Participants</b> 4340 people aged 75 years or over randomly sampled from 20 general practices, excluding people resident in hospitals or nursing homes. <b>Intervention</b> Visual acuity testing and referral to eye services for people with visual impairment. Universal screening (assessment and visual acuity testing) was compared with targeted screening, in which only participants with a range of health related problems were offered an assessment that included acuity screening. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Proportion of people with visual acuity less than 6/18 in either eye; mean composite score of 25 item version of the National Eye Institute visual function questionnaire. <b>Results</b> Three to five years after screening, the relative risk of having visual acuity &lt; 6/18 in either eye, comparing universal with targeted screening, was 1.07 (95% confidence interval 0.84 to 1.36; P = 0.58). The mean composite score of the visual function questionnaire was 85.6 in the targeted screening group and 86.0 in the universal group (difference 0.4, 95% confidence interval -1.7 to 2.5, P = 0.69). <b>Conclusions</b> Including a vision screening component by a practice nurse in a pragmatic trial of multidimensional screening for older people did not lead to improved visual outcomes.
Dander is the best epithelial source for dog allergenic extract preparations
Authors: A. Martinez, J. Martinez, M. L. Sanz, B. Bartolome, R. Palacios
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Four different commercially available raw materials of dog epithelia (dander, hair and skin scraping, skin scraping, and whole skin) were compared by means of biochemical methods such as SDS‐PAGE and chromatography with the SMART TM System, immunochemical methods such as RAST and SDS‐PAGE immunoblotting, and cutaneous tests. Dander extract clearly exhibited the highest IgE binding and in vivo allergenic activity. The dog major allergens Can f I and the 19‐kDa protein were adequately detected only in dander extract. Thus, it is concluded that dander is the most suitable epithelial source for preparing dog allergenic extracts.
Montelukast protects against nasal lysine-aspirin challenge in patients with aspirin-induced asthma
Authors: D.K.C. Lee, K. Haggart, F.M. Robb, B.J. Lipworth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) is associated with increased production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT). Although leukotriene CysLT 1 -receptor antagonists improve lower airway outcomes in AIA, their effects and dose-response in the upper airway is less well documented. The present study evaluated the dose-response for montelukast (ML) against nasal lysine-aspirin challenge in patients with AIA. A total of 12 patients with a clear-cut history of AIA were randomised in double-blind cross-over fashion to receive single doses of ML 10 mg, ML 40 mg, or placebo (PL), with nasal lysine-aspirin challenge performed 12 h after dosing. Measurements of peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), nasal blockage visual analogue scale (VAS) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) were made over 120 min after nasal lysine-aspirin challenge. Prechallenge values for mean±sem PNIF (L·min −1 ) were not significantly different comparing all groups: ML 10 mg (132±10), ML 40 mg (125±12) and PL (132±11). There was no significant difference comparing the maximum % PNIF fall from baseline between screening (46±6) and PL (45±6). The maximum % PNIF fall from baseline was significantly greater with PL (45±6) compared to either ML 10 mg (34±6) or ML 40 mg (32±5). There was also a significantly greater mean % PNIF response over 120 min after lysine-aspirin challenge for PL (26±7) compared to either ML 10 mg (14±6) or ML 40 mg (17±6). There were no significant differences for the maximum or mean % PNIF fall from baseline comparing ML 10 mg and ML 40 mg. A significant increase in nasal blockage VAS score was observed between baseline and 60 min or 120 min with PL but not with ML 10 mg or ML 40 mg. There were no significant differences for either the maximum or mean % FEV 1 over 120 min as change from baseline comparing all groups. A single 10 mg dose of montelukast partially protected against the local effects of nasal lysine-aspirin challenge, with no further benefit at 40 mg. Nasal lysine-aspirin challenge appeared to be a reproducible and safe method in assessing patients with aspirin-induced asthma.
Disproportion in T-cell subpopulations in immunodeficient mutant hr/hr mice.
Authors: A B Reske-Kunz, M P Scheid, E A Boyse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Mice of the HRS strain, which carry the mutant gene hr, were examined for abnormalities in representation of the three T-cell sets Ly1, Ly23, and Ly123 in the spleen. The salient feature of hr/hr mice, which are immunologically deficient, in comparison with +/hr segregants, was a gross disproportion in numbers of cells belonging to the Ly1 and Ly123 sets, at the age of 3--3.5 mo. At this age, Ly123 cells of hr/hr spleen outnumbered Ly1 cells by 2:1, whereas in +/hr spleens Ly123 cells were outnumbered by approximately 1:2. Cells from pooled lymph nodes of hr/hr mice did not show a correspondingly gross disporprotion of Ly1 and Ly123 cells. Total counts of splenic T cells, and of B cells, were not significantly different in hr/hr and +/hr mice.