tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in Hong Kong Chinese: a population study using proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transient elastography
Authors: Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Winnie Chiu-Wing Chu, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Ruth Suk-Mei Chan, Angel Mei-Ling Chim, Arlinking Ong, David Ka-Wai Yeung, Karen Kar-Lum Yiu, Shirley Ho-Ting Chu, Jean Woo, Francis Ka-Leung Chan, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> Knowledge of the epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is incomplete because liver biopsy cannot be performed on the general population to assess disease severity. New non-invasive tests allow accurate and safe assessment in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis in the general Hong Kong Chinese population. <h3>Methods</h3> Subjects were recruited from the community by random selection from the government census database. Liver fat and fibrosis were assessed by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transient elastography, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 264 of 922 (28.6%) subjects had intrahepatic triglyceride content ≥5%. Excluding 12 subjects with significant alcohol consumption, the population prevalence of NAFLD was 27.3% (95% CI 24.5% to 30.2%). Each component of the metabolic syndrome increased the risk of fatty liver in a dose-dependent manner (prevalence of 4.5% in subjects without any component and 80.0% in those with all five components). 8 (3.7%) patients with fatty liver had liver stiffness ≥9.6 kPa, a level suggestive of advanced fibrosis. Body mass index and alanine aminotransferase level were independent factors associated with liver stiffness. Together with other clinical prediction scores, the estimated prevalence of advanced fibrosis in patients with fatty liver in the community was &lt;10%. Compared with non-drinkers, modest drinkers (&lt;10 g per day) did not have higher risk of fatty liver after adjustment for demographic and metabolic factors. The liver stiffness was 4.7±1.9 kPa in modest drinkers and 4.6±1.7 kPa in non-drinkers (p=0.54). <h3>Conclusion</h3> NAFLD is found in over a quarter of the general adult Chinese population, but the proportion of patients with advanced fibrosis is low. Modest alcohol consumption does not increase the risk of fatty liver or liver fibrosis.
Presence of bacteriuria caused by trimethoprim resistant bacteria in patients prescribed antibiotics: multilevel model with practice and individual patient data
Authors: P T Donnan, L Wei, D T Steinke, G Phillips, R Clarke, A Noone, F M Sullivan, T M MacDonald, P G Davey
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To look for evidence of a relation between antibiotic resistance and prescribing by general practitioners by analysis of prescribing at both practice and individual patient level. <b>Design</b> Repeated cross-sectional study in 1995 and 1996. <b>Setting</b> 28 general practices in the Ninewells Hospital laboratory catchment area, Tayside, Scotland. <b>Subjects reviewed</b> 8833 patients registered with the 28 practices who submitted urine samples for analysis. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Resistance to trimethoprim in bacteria isolated from urine samples at practice and individual level simultaneously in a multilevel model. <b>Results</b> Practices showed considerable variation in both the prevalence of trimethoprim resistance (26-50% of bacteria isolated) and trimethoprim prescribing (67-357 prescriptions per 100 practice patients). Although variation in prescribing showed no association with resistance at the practice level after adjustment for other factors (P = 0.101), in the multilevel model resistance to trimethoprim was significantly associated with age, sex, and individual-level exposure to trimethoprim (P &lt; 0.001) or to other antibiotics (P = 0.002). The association with trimethoprim resistance was strongest for people recently exposed to trimethoprim, and there was no association for people with trimethoprim exposure more than six months before the date of the urine sample. <b>Discussion</b> Analysis of practice level data obscured important associations between antibiotic prescribing and resistance. The results support efforts to reduce unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics in the community and show the added value of individual patient data for research on the outcomes of prescribing.
Rapid and efficient homing of human CD34+CD38−/lowCXCR4+stem and progenitor cells to the bone marrow and spleen of NOD/SCID and NOD/SCID/B2mnull mice
Authors: Orit Kollet, Asaf Spiegel, Amnon Peled, Isabelle Petit, Tamara Byk, Rami Hershkoviz, Esther Guetta, Gad Barkai, Arnon Nagler, Tsvee Lapidot
Journal: Blood (2001)
Channelling bias and the incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage in users of meloxicam, coxibs, and older, non-specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: T M MacDonald
Journal: Gut (2003)

Although clinical trial results suggest that meloxicam has less gastrointestinal toxicity than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in practice it has been associated with a large number of yellow card reports of gastrointestinal complications.To estimate whether meloxicam and the coxibs, rofecoxib and celecoxib, have been channelled towards high risk patients, and to estimate the risk of hospitalisation for gastrointestinal haemorrhage associated with the use of these drugs, allowing for the effects of channelling.Using the UK General Practice Research Database, this study included 7.1 thousand patient years (tpy) exposure to meloxicam, 1.6 tpy exposure to coxibs, and 628 tpy exposure to older non-specific NSAIDs.Cohort study of patients who received a prescription for an NSAID between June 1987 and January 2001. Exposure to newer NSAIDs (meloxicam, rofecoxib, celecoxib) and to older non-specific NSAIDs was identified. Channelling was assessed on factors including: demographic variables; diagnosis of arthritis; history of NSAID use or gastrointestinal events, including gastrointestinal haemorrhage; and use of ulcer healing drugs.Most risk factors for gastrointestinal haemorrhage were more prevalent among patients prescribed the newer NSAIDs. Adjusting for these risk factors reduced the relative risks of gastrointestinal haemorrhage on meloxicam and coxibs versus older non-specific NSAIDs to 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.60, 1.17) and 0.36 (0.14, 0.97), respectively.Channelling towards high risk gastrointestinal patients occurred in the prescribing of newer NSAIDs. After attempting to correct for channelling bias, coxib exposure, but not meloxicam exposure, was associated with a significantly lower risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage than older non-specific NSAID exposure.
Neonatal dermal erythropoiesis associated with severe rhesus immunization: amelioration by high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: A. Pizarro, D. Elorza, C. Gamallo, C.D.L. Camara, R. Arrieta, F. Contreras, M. Casado
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)
What Happens to Anxiety Levels on Giving Up Smoking?
Authors: R West, P Hajek
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

OBJECTIVE: DSM-IV lists increased anxiety as a nicotine withdrawal symptom. Increased anxiety has been reported to follow smoking cessation in most but not all studies. Indeed, there is some evidence for a reduction in anxiety, compared with precessation levels, after the first few weeks of abstinence. This study reports data from 101 smokers who attempted to stop smoking and who satisfied DSM-III-R criteria for nicotine dependence. METHOD: Unlike most studies in this area, a strict criterion of lapse-free abstinence was adopted. It is argued that lapses during an attempt at cessation may underlie a transient increase in anxiety. Anxiety was measured both by a single rating typical in withdrawal studies and by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory—State Form X. Patients were rated 2 weeks and 1 week before cessation, immediately before cessation, 24 hours after cessation, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after cessation. RESULTS: Seventy patients were abstinent for the 4-week follow-up period. There was no evidence of an increase in anxiety following smoking cessation. However, there was a significant decrease in anxiety from the first week of abstinence. CONCLUSIONS: The results weaken the view that increased anxiety is a robust and central element of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome and suggest that giving up smoking is quite rapidly followed by a reduction in anxiety that may reflect removal of an anxiogenic agent, nicotine. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1589–1592)
Increased calcium influx in a monocytic cell line on exposure to ultrafine carbon black
Authors: V Stone, M Tuinman, J E Vamvakopoulos, J Shaw, D Brown, S Petterson, S P Faux, P Borm, W MacNee, F Michaelangeli, K Donaldson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Ultrafine particles have been shown to induce pro-inflammatory effects both in vivo and in vitro. Increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes probably requires the activation of specific transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) via a number of possible pathways including Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species. The fluorescent dye fura 2, was used to measure cytosolic Ca2+ in the human monocytic cell line, Monomac 6 on exposure to 66 microg x mL(-1) of either ultrafine carbon black (ufCB; diameter 14 nm), carbon black (CB; diameter 260 nm), quartz (diameter 1.45 microm), or medium alone. UfCB but not fine CB induced a 1.6-fold increase (p<0.01) in the resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of Monomac 6 cells. In addition ufCB induced a 2.6-fold increase (p<0.001) in the response to the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+- adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) inhibitor, thapsigargin, suggesting the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ current across the plasma membrane was enhanced. This response was inhibited by the removal of extracellular Ca2+ and by the Ca2+ channel blocker, verapamil. In addition, ufCB stimulated the entry of extracellular Mn2+. Finally, the antioxidants mannitol and nacystelin both inhibited the effects of ufCB on the response to thapsigargin. These data suggest that ultrafine carbon black particles stimulated an increase in cytosolic Ca2+, possibly through the entry of extracellular Ca2+ via Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. The particles may in part activate the opening of Ca2+ channels via a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species.
miR-124 acts through CoREST to control onset of Sema3A sensitivity in navigating retinal growth cones
Authors: Marie-Laure Baudet, Krishna H Zivraj, Cei Abreu-Goodger, Alistair Muldal, Javier Armisen, Cherie Blenkiron, Leonard D Goldstein, Eric A Miska, Christine E Holt
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Advancing social and economic development by investing in women's and children's health: a new Global Investment Framework
Authors: Karin Stenberg, Henrik Axelson, Peter Sheehan, Ian Anderson, A Metin Gülmezoglu, Marleen Temmerman, Elizabeth Mason, Howard S Friedman, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Joy E Lawn, Kim Sweeny, Jim Tulloch, Peter Hansen, Mickey Chopra, Anuradha Gupta, Joshua P Vogel, Mikael Ostergren, Bruce Rasmussen, Carol Levin, Colin Boyle, Shyama Kuruvilla, Marjorie Koblinsky, Neff Walker, Andres de Francisco, Nebojsa Novcic, Carole Presern, Dean Jamison, Flavia Bustreo
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 Predicts Breast Cancer Recurrence following Adjuvant Tamoxifen
Authors: Loaie Maraqa, Michele Cummings, Mark B. Peter, Abeer M. Shaaban, Kieran Horgan, Andrew M. Hanby, Valerie Speirs
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Tamoxifen remains therapy of choice for premenopausal estrogen receptor alpha-positive breast cancer. However, resistance and recurrence are serious problems. Our previous work indicated that carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) was significantly up-regulated in tamoxifen-resistant (TAMr) MCF-7 derivatives. The aim of this study was to determine the functional role of CEACAM6 in endocrine-resistant breast cancer and to retrospectively test whether it was predictive of resistance in a large cohort of breast cancers with long-term follow-up.siRNA silencing of CEACAM6 was done in TAMr cells and effects on clonogenicity and endocrine sensitivity were determined. CEACAM6 immunohistochemistry was done on a tissue microarray comprising 108 relapsed primary human breast cancers and 243 tamoxifen-sensitive controls.siRNA-mediated silencing of CEACAM6 reduced both clonogenicity and anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of TAMr cells. Importantly, CEACAM6 silencing restored sensitivity of TAMr cells to 4-hydroxytamoxifen and proliferative response to 17beta-estradiol. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly more CEACAM expression in the relapsed group compared with nonrelapsed controls [35 of 108 (33.3%) and 32 of 243 (13.2%), respectively; odds ratio, 3.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.83-5.47); P < 0.0001]. Additionally, we derived an outcome predictor model based on CEACAM expression that restratified patients in the Nottingham prognostic index intermediate-risk group into either higher-risk or lower-risk group.Our data support an important role for CEACAM6 in endocrine resistance, which can serve as a powerful predictor of future recurrence.
Characteristic difference of hepatocellular carcinoma between hepatitis B- and C- viral infection in Japan
Authors: Y SHIRATORI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Characteristics of 205 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) admitted during 1990 to 1993 have been analyzed from the standpoint of hepatitis viral infection in Japan. Among 205 HCC patients, 71% of the patients showed positivity for hepatic C virus (HCV) antibody alone, 13% showed positivity both for HCV and HBV (HCV/HBV) antibody, 11% demonstrated HBsAg alone, and negativity of both HCV and HBV antibody in 4% only. Positivity to both HCV antibody and HBsAg was demonstrated in 1% only. Mean detection age of HCVAb-positive HCC as well as both HCV/HBV antibody-positive HCC was 62 +/- 7 years, in contrast to 52 +/- 13 years in HCC with HBsAg (P < .05). Male-to-female ratio among HCVAb-positive HCC was 3.3:1, in contrast to 5.5:1 among the HCV/HBVAb-positive HCC and 7:1 among HBsAg-positive HCC, but there was no significant difference in the gender distribution between these groups. More than 60% of HCVAb-positive HCC and HCV/HBVAb-positive HCC were classified into the stage of Child B and C, whereas 65% of HBsAg-positive HCC was at the stage of Child A. The severity of liver disease was confirmed by liver histology, indicating that more than 70% of the HCVAb-positive HCC and the HCV/HBVAb-positive HCC showed cirrhosis, in contrast to 50% among the HBsAg-positive HCC. Three-year survival rate of HCV Ab-positive HCC and HBV/HCVAb-positive HCC was 68% and 56%, respectively, in contrast to 47% in HBsAg-positive HCC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gene conversion variations generate structurally distinct pilin polypeptides in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Authors: J Swanson, K Robbins, O Barrera, J M Koomey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Pilus+ to pilus- phenotype change occurs in Neisseria gonorrhoeae through gene conversion of the gonococcus' complete, expressed pilin gene by nucleotides homologous to the pilS1 copy 5 partial pilin gene; assembly missense pilin is synthesized but pili are not. Reversion to pilus+ occurs by a subsequent recombinational event that replaces the complete pilin gene's pilS1 copy 5-like sequence with nucleotides from a different partial gene to effect expression of an orthodox (i.e., pilus producing) pilin. Sibling pilus+ revertants of common parentage can carry different sequences in their expressed pilin genes because they have undergone nonidentical gene conversion events such as recombinations with sequences from different partial genes, or recombinations with different length nucleotide stretches of the same partial gene; either can yield structurally and antigenically variant pilin polypeptides.
Cc Chemokine Receptor (Ccr)2 Is Required for Langerhans Cell Migration and Localization of T Helper Cell Type 1 (Th1)-Inducing Dendritic Cells
Authors: Naoko Sato, Sunil K. Ahuja, Marlon Quinones, Vannessa Kostecki, Robert L. Reddick, Peter C. Melby, William A. Kuziel, Seema S. Ahuja
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

There is growing evidence that chemokines and their receptors regulate the movement and interaction of antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. We tested the hypothesis that the CC chemokine receptor (CCR)2 and CCR5 and the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, a ligand for CCR5, influence DC migration and localization. We found that deficiency of CCR2 but not CCR5 or MIP-1α led to distinct defects in DC biology. Langerhans cell (skin DC) density in CCR2-null mice was normal, and their ability to migrate into the dermis was intact; however, their migration to the draining lymph nodes was markedly impaired. CCR2-null mice had lower numbers of DCs in the spleen, and this was primarily due to a reduction in the CD8α1 T helper cell type 1 (Th1)-inducing subset of DCs. Additionally, there was a block in the Leishmania major infection–induced relocalization of splenic DCs from the marginal zone to the T cell areas. We propose that these DC defects, in conjunction with increased expression of B lymphocyte chemoattractant, a B cell–specific chemokine, may collectively contribute to the striking B cell outgrowth and Th2 cytokine–biased nonhealing phenotype that we observed in CCR2-deficient mice infected with L. major. This disease phenotype in mice with an L. major–resistant genetic background but lacking CCR2 is strikingly reminiscent of that observed typically in mice with an L. major–susceptible genetic background. Thus, CCR2 is an important determinant of not only DC migration and localization but also the development of protective cell-mediated immune responses to L. major.
Hypoadiponectinemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus in men is associated with sympathetic overactivity as evaluated by cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy
Authors: Naohiko Takahashi, Futoshi Anan, Mikiko Nakagawa, Kunio Yufu, Tetsuji Shinohara, Tetsuo Tsubone, Koro Goto, Takayuki Masaki, Isao Katsuragi, Katsuhiro Tanaka, Testsuya Kakuma, Masahide Hara, Tetsunori Saikawa, Hironobu Yoshimatsu
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Phase III Trial to Compare Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Capecitabine and Cisplatin Versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Gastric Cancer: Final Report of the Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Stomach Tumors Trial, Including Survival and Subset Analyses
Authors: Se Hoon Park, Tae Sung Sohn, Jeeyun Lee, Do Hoon Lim, Min Eui Hong, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Insuk Sohn, Sin Ho Jung, Min Gew Choi, Jun Ho Lee, Jae Moon Bae, Sung Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Won Ki Kang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

The Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Stomach Tumors (ARTIST) trial tested whether the addition of radiotherapy to adjuvant chemotherapy improved disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with D2-resected gastric cancer (GC).Between November 2004 and April 2008, 458 patients with GC who received gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection were randomly assigned to either six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine and cisplatin (XP) or to two cycles of XP followed by chemoradiotherapy and then two additional cycles of XP (XPRT). This final update contains the first publication of overall survival (OS), together with updated DFS and subset analyses.With 7 years of follow-up, DFS remained similar between treatment arms (hazard ratio [HR], 0.740; 95% CI, 0.520 to 1.050; P=.0922). OS also was similar (HR, 1.130; 95% CI, 0.775 to 1.647; P=.5272). The effect of the addition of radiotherapy on DFS and OS differed by Lauren classification (interaction P=.04 for DFS; interaction P=.03 for OS) and lymph node ratio (interaction P<.01 for DFS; interaction P<.01 for OS). Subgroup analyses also showed that chemoradiotherapy significantly improved DFS in patients with node-positive disease and with intestinal-type GC. There was a similar trend for DFS and OS by stage of disease.In D2-resected GC, both adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy are tolerated and equally beneficial in preventing relapse. Because results suggest a significant DFS effect of chemoradiotherapy in subsets of patients, the ARTIST 2 trial evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in patients with node-positive, D2-resected GC is under way.
Cutaneous protothecosis: report of a case in Hong Kong
Authors: W.Y.M. TANG, K.K. LO, W.Y. LAM, K.S.C. FUNG, A. KOEHLER, A.F.B. CHENG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Cutaneous protothecosis: report of a case in Hong Kong Get access W.Y.M. TANG, W.Y.M. TANG Social Hygiene Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong Government, Hong Kong Dr W.Y.M. Tang, Social Hygiene Clinic, 5/F, Tuen Mun Polyclinic, Tuen Lee Road, Tuen Mun, N.T., Hong Kong. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.K. LO, K.K. LO Social Hygiene Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong Government, Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.Y. LAM, W.Y. LAM Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.S.C. FUNG, K.S.C. FUNG Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. KOEHLER, A. KOEHLER Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.F.B. CHENG A.F.B. CHENG Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 3, 1 September 1995, Pages 479–482, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02683.x Published: 01 September 1995 Article history Accepted: 21 October 1994 Published: 01 September 1995
A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS
Authors: J. E. Smadel, M. J. Wall, R. D. Baird
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

The soluble antigen of lymphocytic choriomeningitis which is readily separable from the virus is a relatively stable substance and appears to be of a protein nature. A specific precipitin reaction can be demonstrated when immune serum is added to solutions of antigen which have been freed of certain serologically inactive substances. The complement-fixation and precipitation reactions which occur in the presence of immune serum and non-infectious extracts of splenic tissue obtained from guinea pigs moribund with lymphocytic choriomeningitis seem to be manifestations of union of the same soluble antigen and its antibody. On the other hand, the antisoluble substance antibodies and neutralizing substances appear to be different entities.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: A prospective study
Authors: Robert A. Johnson, Kenneth H. Lazarus, David H. Henry
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Thrombocytopenia is a well-described complication of heparin therapy. Few studies describe the incidence of thrombocytopenia when low-dose heparin (10,000-15,000 units/day) is used for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis. In our study, ten of 66 courses (15%) of heparin prophylaxis in coronary care unit patients were accompanied by a mild thrombocytopenia with platelet counts below 150 X 10(3)/mm3. In all cases the platelet count returned to normal despite continued heparin therapy. Patients who became thrombocytopenic had significantly lower initial platelet counts. No cases of severe thrombocytopenia were seen (platelet count below 100 X 10(3)/mm3). No patient developed thrombosis, bleeding or elevated fibrin split products. Mild thrombocytopenia occurring after 2-5 days of low-dose heparin is common, but clinically insignificant.