tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dasatinib (BMS-354825) targets an earlier progenitor population than imatinib in primary CML but does not eliminate the quiescent fraction
Authors: Mhairi Copland, Ashley Hamilton, Lucy J. Elrick, Janet W. Baird, Elaine K. Allan, Niove Jordanides, Martin Barow, Joanne C. Mountford, Tessa L. Holyoake
Journal: Blood (2006)
A Practice-Based Intervention to Enhance Quality of Care in the First 3 Years of Life
Authors: Cynthia S. Minkovitz, Nancy Hughart, Donna Strobino, Dan Scharfstein, Holly Grason, William Hou, Tess Miller, David Bishai, Marilyn Augustyn, Kathryn Taaffe McLearn, Bernard Guyer
Journal: JAMA (2003)

care for young children involves matching the needs and expectations of families with the organizational structure and clinical practices of pediatric providers.There is growing evidence of deficiencies in the quality of health care for children, including low rates of preventive services, 1 persistent disparities in health status, 2 and lack of a usual source of care among ethnic and racial minorities and children in low-income families. 3pecific limitations have been noted in the quality of care related to developmental and behavioral services for children in the first 3 years of life, 4-7 particularly regarding gaps between recommended and actual care received. 8,9In a national survey, only 23% of 2017 parents of young children discussed discipline and early learning with their child's clinician, and over half
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Plus Olanzapine for Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Joaquim Soler, Juan Carlos Pascual, Josefa Campins, Judith Barrachina, Dolors Puigdemont, Enrique Alvarez, Victor Pérez
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of dialectical behavior therapy plus olanzapine compared with dialectical behavior therapy plus placebo in patients with borderline personality disorder.Sixty patients with borderline personality disorder were included in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. All patients received dialectical behavior therapy and were randomly assigned to receive either olanzapine or placebo following a 1-month baseline period.Seventy percent of the patients completed the 4-month trial. Combined treatment showed an overall improvement in most symptoms studied in both groups. Olanzapine was associated with a statistically significant improvement over placebo in depression, anxiety, and impulsivity/aggressive behavior. The mean dose of olanzapine was 8.83 mg/day.A combined psychotherapeutic plus pharmacological approach appears to lower dropout rates and constitutes an effective treatment for borderline personality disorder.
The effects of finasteride on scalp skin and serum androgen levels in men with androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Lynn Drake, Maria Hordinsky, Virginia Fiedler, James Swinehart, Walter P. Unger, Paul C. Cotterill, Diane M. Thiboutot, Nicholas Lowe, Coleman Jacobson, David Whiting, Sam Stieglitz, Stephen J. Kraus, Edmond I. Griffin, Darryl Weiss, Patrick Carrington, Christopher Gencheff, Gary W. Cole, David M. Pariser, Edwin S. Epstein, Wesley Tanaka, Aimée Dallob, Kristel Vandormael, Lori Geissler, Joanne Waldsteicher
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)
Occupational exposure to lead and induction of genetic damage.
Authors: A Vaglenov, A Creus, S Laltchev, V Petkova, S Pavlova, R Marcos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

To investigate whether occupational exposure to lead is genotoxic, we evaluated data from 103 lead-exposed workers and 78 matched controls. These data correspond to three different sampling periods, and we measured genetic damage as increases in the frequency of binucleated cells with micronuclei (BNMN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The levels of exposure were determined according to the lead levels in blood. Clearly significant increases in BNMN were observed in the exposed groups when compared to the control group. In addition, for the overall population (n = 181), we observed a clear relationship between lead levels in blood and BNMN (r = 0.497; p < 0.001). When we examined four exposure levels--very low exposure (< 1.20 microM/L), low exposure (1.20-1.91 microM/L), high exposure (1.92-2.88 microM/L), and very high exposure (> 2.88 microM/L)--we found significant differences in the genetic damage induction. We conclude that exposure to levels of lead higher than 1.20 microM/L may pose an increase in genetic risk. In addition, our data show that blood lead level is a good indicator of genetic damage induction.
Author's response: What characteristics of primary care and patients are associated with early death in patients with lung cancer in the UK?
Authors: Emma L O'Dowd, Tricia M McKeever, David R Baldwin, Sadia Anwar, Helen A Powell, Jack E Gibson, Barbara Iyen-Omofoman, Richard B Hubbard
Journal: Thorax (2015)

We thank Rogers et al 1 for their comments on our recent article.2 Although it is possible that there may be some under-reporting of chest X-ray (CXR) requests in The Health Improvement Network primary care data set, it is highly unlikely that the associations that we identified in our paper2 are influenced by this because the practice of under-reporting of CXRs is unlikely to be related to deaths from early cancer. For this reason, if anything, our findings may even …
Seasonal variations of interleukin-4 and interferon-γ release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic subjects stimulated by polyclonal activators
Authors: Béatrice Lagier, Nathalie Pons, Agnès Rivier, Isabelle Chanal, Pascal Chanez, Jean Bousquet, Jérôme Pène
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995)
Effect of lisinopril on progression of retinopathy in normotensive people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nish Chaturvedi, Anne-Katrin Sjolie, Judith M Stephenson, Heidemarie Abrahamian, Marc Keipes, Allesandro Castellarin, Zeljka Rogulja-Pepeonik, John H Fuller
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
Uniparental isodisomy 6 associated with deficiency of the fourth component of complement.
Authors: T R Welch, L S Beischel, E Choi, K Balakrishnan, N A Bishof
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We identified an extremely rare condition, isolated complete deficiency of the fourth component of complement, in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus. The genes for C4 are located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the short arm of chromosome 6. The patient expressed only paternal phenotypes for proteins encoded by the MHC (HLA and GLO), yet was 46XX with no detectable 6p deletion. Genomic DNA from patient, parents, and sibling was digested with restriction enzymes, and blots were probed for five chromosome 6 markers. At all loci, maternal and paternal RFLPs could be distinguished, and the patient showed only paternal bands. RFLP analysis of markers from four other chromosomes showed maternal and paternal contribution. The data are consistent with uniparental isodisomy 6 (inheritance of two identical chromosome 6 haplotypes from the father and none from the mother). Direct analysis of genetic material from both parents, as well as detection of multiple protein polymorphisms encoded on chromosome 6, clearly demonstrates this novel mechanism for the expression of a recessive genetic condition.
What the NHS needs to improve: Four behaviours to sort out the health system
Authors: Phil Hadridge, Ross Pow
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

This article argues that the NHS is destined to experience repeated mistakes, continued low morale and political instability unless leaders at all levels pay serious attention to four fundamental aspects of culture which are largely absent in today's health system - confidence, curiosity, connectedness and compassion. While a focus purely on structural change will fail to cultivate the corporate spirit needed to challenge and motivate staff to really care, serve and succeed, investing in the appropriate values and behaviours offers the prospect of a widespread and potentially rapid transformation.
MONOAMINE OXIDASE: From Genes to Behavior
Authors: J. C. Shih, K. Chen, M. J. Ridd
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1999)

▪ Abstract Cloning of MAO (monoamine oxidase) A and B has demonstrated unequivocally that these enzymes are made up of different polypeptides, and our understanding of MAO structure, regulation, and function has been significantly advanced by studies using their cDNA. MAO A and B genes are located on the X-chromosome (Xp11.23) and comprise 15 exons with identical intron-exon organization, which suggests that they are derived from the same ancestral gene. MAO A and B knock-out mice exhibit distinct differences in neurotransmitter metabolism and behavior. MAO A knock-out mice have elevated brain levels of serotonin, norephinephrine, and dopamine and manifest aggressive behavior similar to human males with a deletion of MAO A. In contrast, MAO B knock-out mice do not exhibit aggression and only levels of phenylethylamine are increased. Mice lacking MAO B are resistant to the Parkinsongenic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Both MAO A and B knock-out mice show increased reactivity to stress. These knock-out mice are valuable models for investigating the role of monoamines in psychoses and neurodegenerative and stress-related disorders.
Development of replication-defective lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus vectors for the induction of potent CD8+ T cell immunity
Authors: Lukas Flatz, Ahmed N Hegazy, Andreas Bergthaler, Admar Verschoor, Christina Claus, Marylise Fernandez, Luca Gattinoni, Susan Johnson, Florian Kreppel, Stefan Kochanek, Maries van den Broek, Andreas Radbruch, Frédéric Lévy, Paul-Henri Lambert, Claire-Anne Siegrist, Nicholas P Restifo, Max Löhning, Adrian F Ochsenbein, Gary J Nabel, Daniel D Pinschewer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Restored Expression of Fragile Histidine Triad Protein and Tumorigenicity of Cervical Carcinoma Cells
Authors: R. Wu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

BACKGROUND: Allelic losses in the short arm of chromosome 3 are common in cervical carcinomas. The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene at chromosome region 3p14.2 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene that may play a role in cervical tumorigenesis. We and others have identified aberrant FHIT transcripts and frequent loss of Fhit protein expression in primary cervical cancers and high-grade noninvasive lesions but not in normal cervical tissues. The altered expression of FHIT may be due to somatic mutations or integration of human papillomavirus DNA at the FHIT locus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ectopic expression of Fhit can suppress the tumorigenic properties of cervical cancer cells. METHODS: We employed infection with recombinant retroviruses as well as transfection of plasmid DNA to restore Fhit protein expression in cervical cancer cell lines lacking full-length FHIT transcripts and endogenous Fhit protein. The effects of Fhit expression on tumor cell morphology, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity in nude mice were examined. RESULTS: Stable overexpression of Fhit had no discernible effect on the tumorigenic properties of two cervical carcinoma cell lines or on a lung carcinoma cell line previously reported by others to be suppressed for tumorigenicity by Fhit. CONCLUSIONS: Restoration of Fhit expression does not suppress anchorage-independent growth or tumorigenicity of cervical carcinoma cell lines. However, it remains possible that FHIT inactivation may be important early in cervical tumor progression or that FHIT may suppress tumorigenesis in ways distinct from those measured by the assays employed in this study.
Carbohydrate requirements of elite athletes
Authors: Maria Hassapidou
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Lecture 23 It is well documented that exercise performance is greatly influenced by nutrition. The key factor in coping with the heavy demands of exercise faced by elite athletes seems to be carbohydrate intake. Carbohydrate recommendations range from 6–10 g/kg of bodyweight depending on gender and physical fitness level of the individual, total training load, energy expenditure, type of physical activity and environment. Although carbohydrate rich diets were recommended in the past, specific recommendations in percentages should be used with caution. For example, in a 5000 kcal diet, a 50% of energy in carbohydrates will provide 7–8 g/kg of bodyweight for a 70 kg athlete. On the contrary, a 60% in carbohydrates diet will provide only 4–5 g/kg of bodyweight for a 60 kg athlete. The proportional increase in carbohydrate requirement increases accordingly the proportional need in number of servings for carbohydrate-based food groups. Thus, many athletes should exceed the upper range of servings for these food groups, that is: (A) bread-cereals-legumes: more than 10 servings/day, (B) vegetables: more than 5 servings/day, (C) fruits: more than 4 servings/day, (D) milk-alternatives: more than 3 servings/day. Athletes with lower energy needs of small body shape are advised to select nutrient-dense foods in order to obtain adequate carbohydrates. Athletes seem to benefit from 200 to 300 g of carbohydrates consumed 3–4 h before the athletic event. Pregame meal targets to prepare the athlete for the upcoming event, providing him with carbohydrates, electrolytes and water. Carbohydrates are essential to maintain blood glucose levels and maximise glycogen stores. There is a dispute whether glycaemic index of carbohydrates influences performance. During exercise athletes should consume 30–60 g carbohydrates per hour (or 0.7 g/kg of body weight) in order to maintain blood glucose levels. This is of extreme importance when the event lasts more than an hour and it takes place in extreme environmental conditions (cold, heat or high altitude). After exercise athletes should consume 1.0–1.5 g/kg of bodyweight during the first half hour and again every 2 h for 4–6 h in order to replace liver and muscle glycogen stores. Carbohydrate intake can enhance training capacity and may consist the trigger point for winning an event and achieving the best possible performance.
The Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS): a pragmatic randomised open-label masked endpoint clinical trial
Authors: Willeke F Westendorp, Jan-Dirk Vermeij, Elles Zock, Imke J Hooijenga, Nyika D Kruyt, Hans J L W Bosboom, Vincent I H Kwa, Martijn Weisfelt, Michel J M Remmers, Robert ten Houten, A H C M (Tobien) Schreuder, Sarah E Vermeer, Ewout J van Dijk, Diederik W J Dippel, Marcel G W Dijkgraaf, Lodewijk Spanjaard, Marinus Vermeulen, Tom van der Poll, Jan M Prins, Frederique H Vermeij, Yvo B W E M Roos, Ruud P Kleyweg, Henk Kerkhoff, Matthijs C Brouwer, Aeilko H Zwinderman, Diederik van de Beek, Paul J Nederkoorn
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
The impact of concomitant rhinitis on asthma‐related quality of life and asthma control
Authors: O. Vandenplas, M. Dramaix, G. Joos, R. Louis, A. Michils, G. Verleden, W. Vincken, A.‐M. Vints, E. Herbots, C. Bachert
Journal: Allergy (2010)

Characterizing the interactions between the upper and lower airways is important for the management of asthma. This study aimed at assessing the specific impact of concomitant rhinitis on asthma-related quality of life (QOL) and asthma control.A cross-sectional, observational survey was conducted among 1173 patients with asthma (aged 12-45) recruited by general practitioners and chest physicians. AR was defined by self-reported rhinitis symptoms and previously documented sensitization to inhalant allergens. The primary outcomes were (1) asthma control assessed by the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and (2) asthma-specific QOL evaluated through the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (mAQLQ).AR was present in 73.9% of the population with asthma and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) in 13.6%. AR and NAR were associated with an increased risk of uncontrolled asthma (i.e. ACQ score > 1.5) with adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-2.97) and 1.77 (95%CI: 1.09-2.89), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that AR and NAR had a modest, although significant, negative impact on the global mAQLQ score (beta coefficient: -0.293, standard error [SE]: 0.063 and beta coefficient: -0.221, SE: 0.080, P < 0.001, respectively), even after adjustment for the level of asthma control and demographic characteristics.This survey provides direct evidence that AR and NAR are associated with an incremental adverse impact on the disease-specific QOL of patients with asthma and the level of asthma control. Further investigations are required to determine whether appropriate treatment of rhinitis would efficiently reduce asthma morbidity.
Defective lipid metabolism in the failing heart
Authors: Benjamin Wittel, James F. Spann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The metabolism of long chain fatty acids was investigated in the failing heart of guinea pigs with chronic constriction of the ascending aorta. Homogenates prepared form failing hearts exhibited (a) a decreased capacity to oxidize palmitic acid (failure = 0.50 ± 0.06 μmole/g of protein per 20 min; control = 1.09 ± 0.10); (b) a reduced level of carnitine, a myocardial constituent which serves to control the oxidation rate of long chain fatty acids in the heart (failure = 0.91 ± 0.10 μmole/g wet weight; control = 1.69 ± 0.10); and (c) an increased rate of palmitate incorporation into triglycerides and lecithin. Exogenous carnitine effected a restoration of the defective palmitate metabolism of the homogenates towards normal. In contrast to long chain fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation by the failing heart was not impaired. As a consequence of this selective lesion in energy substrate utilization, the failing heart might be forced to rely on substrates other than long chain fatty acids for its major energy supply.
Cancer of the prostate
Authors: J. A. del Regato
Journal: JAMA (1976)

IN HIS treatise on diseases of the urinary tract, Samuel D. Gross,<sup>1</sup>in 1855, noted that cancer of the prostate was considered to be extremely rare. He sided with this point of view and, except for anodynes and leeches applied to the perineum, considered cancer of the prostate as not amenable to treatment. Toward the end of the 19th century, individual case reports appeared in the literature.<sup>2</sup>In the 1900s, Albarrán and Hallé<sup>3</sup>found carcinoma in 14 of 100 surgical specimens of prostatectomy for benign prostatic hypertrophy. It is of interest that this coincided with the observation, also made by Albarrán,<sup>4</sup>that bilateral orchiectomy frequently provided improvement to patients with "benign prostatic hypertrophy." Among all nations, the United States has the highest incidence of cancer of the prostate. The Third National Cancer Survey (1969 to 1971)<sup>5</sup>showed that the age-adjusted incidence in US males (60.8/100,000
“Essential” hypernatremia due to ineffective osmotic and intact volume regulation of vasopressin secretion
Authors: Frederick R. DeRubertis, Michael F. Michelis, Nama Beck, James B. Field, Bernard B. Davis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

A physiological explanation for sustained hyperosmolality was sought in a patient with histiocytosis. During 23 days of observation with only sodium intake regulated at 100 mEq daily, elevation (mean 310 mOsm/kg of water) and fluctuation (range 298-323) of the fasting plasma osmolality were recorded. The presence of endogenous vasopressin was indicated by the patient's ability to concentrate the urine to as high as 710 mOsm/kg of water with a creatinine clearance of 84 cc/min, and by dilution of the urine in response to alcohol. The failure of increasing fluid intake to as high as 6.2 liters daily to lower the plasma osmolality indicated that deficient fluid intake was not solely responsible for the elevated plasma osmolality. Hypertonic saline infusion during water diuresis resulted in the excretion of an increased volume of dilute urine. The water diuresis continued despite a rise in plasma osmolality from 287 to 339. An isotonic saline infusion initiated during hydropenia resulted in a water diuresis which continued despite a rise in the plasma osmolality from 303 to 320. Stable water diuresis induced during recumbency by either oral ingestion of water or intravenous infusion of normal saline was terminated by orthostasis and resumed with the return to the recumbent position. Antecedent alcohol ingestion blocked the antidiuresis of orthostasis. The data are interpreted as indicating impairment of the osmoreceptor mechanism as the primary cause of the hyperosmolar syndrome. They also indicate that vasopressin secretion was regulated primarily by changes in effective blood volume. Chlorpropamide was found to be an effective treatment for the syndrome.
Continuing C3 breakdown after bilateral nephrectomy in patients with membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis
Authors: Enrique H. Vallota, Judith Forristal, Roger E. Spitzer, Neil C. Davis, Clark D. West
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Serum levels of complement components and of C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) were measured serially in two patients with membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis who were subjected to bilateral nephrectomy and maintained by peritoneal dialysis for 2 wk before renal transplantation. In both patients, low levels of C3 and high levels of preformed alpha 2D, a C3 breakdown product, were present before nephrectomy and remained essentially unchanged during the anephric period. With transplantation, C3 levels rose towards normal and alpha 2D disappeared from the serum. The serum of both patients contained detectable amounts of C3NeF, a factor which has been shown to react with a cofactor found in normal serum to form an enzyme, designated C3 lytic nephritic factor (C3LyNeF), which will cleave C3 to form the breakdown products, beta1A and alpha 2D. The level of C3NeF was high in one patient before nephrectomy, increased somewhat during the anephric period, and fell after transplantation. In the other patient, the C3NeF level was initially lower, remained relatively constant during the anephric period, and was not significantly affected by transplantation. In both patients, levels of C4 and C5 were either normal or elevated over the period of the study and bore no relationship to the C3 level. The following conclusions can be drawn from the data. The high levels of alpha 2D during the anephric period and the disappearance of this protein as C3 levels approach normal at the time of transplantation indicate that the low C3 levels were largely the result of C3 breakdown rather than diminished synthesis. The presence of C3NeF in detectable amounts in both patients suggest that C3LyNeF, formed by the reaction of C3NeF and cofactor, was responsible for the low C3 levels. Finally, the lack of effect of nephrectomy on C3, alpha 2D, and C3NeF levels indicate that the site of C3 breakdown was extrarenal and that C3NeF and cofactor are at least in large part of extrarenal origin.