tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arachidonic acid metabolites produced by platelet‐depleted human blood monocytes: A possible role in thrombogenesis
Authors: C. Michael Jones, Elizabeth R. Hall, Jeanne P. Hester, Kenneth K. Wu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

The arachidonic acid metabolites produced by human peripheral blood monocytes were studied to determine which metabolites could have a role in thrombogenesis. Monocytes were found to be free of platelets by scanning electron microscopy and by measurement of 12-HETE. Human peripheral blood monocytes produce thromboxane as their major metabolite. Thromboxane levels reached a plateau at 12-16 hours of culture. Monocytes produced relatively little prostaglandin E2 or F2. In contrast to our control platelet preparation, neither A23187 (1-10 microM) nor exogenous arachidonic acid (0-40 microM) caused an increase in monocyte thromboxane B2. On the other hand, lipopolysaccharide (20 micrograms per ml), collagen (2.5 mg per 10(7) cells), and thrombin (5-10 units per ml) caused a two- to fivefold increase in monocyte thromboxane B2 in most donors but had no effect on prostaglandin F1 alpha levels. Blockage of thromboxane synthase by 1-benzylimidazole abolished thromboxane B2 production but did not increase prostaglandin F1 alpha. Finally, aspirin-treated platelets from a volunteer donor, which were refractory to 30 microM arachidonate, could be aggregated by isolated blood monocytes. Our data indicate that monocytes are capable of producing thromboxane in large amounts. The regulation of this increase, however, appears to be quite different from platelets. We postulate that monocytes may have a role in hemostasis by virtue of their ability to adhere at sites of vascular injury and release thromboxane, which may enhance platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.
Effect of Inhaled Interleukin-4 on Airway Hyperreactivity in Asthmatics
Authors: HUAN-ZHONG SHI, JING-MIN DENG, HUI XU, ZHI-XIN NONG, CHANG-QING XIAO, ZHI-MING LIU, SHOU-MING QIN, HAI-XING JIANG, GUANG-NAN LIU, YI-QIANG CHEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

lnterleukin-4 (IL-4) has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic disease including bronchial asthma. In order to investigate the role of IL-4 in airway hyperreactivity, we investigated the effect of inhaled recombinant human IL-4 on airway responsiveness to methacholine and eosinophil numbers in induced sputum in eight patients with allergic asthma using a placebo-controlled study design. Our results demonstrated that in the control experiments receiving vehicle inhalation, methacholine PC20 values did not change nor did the numbers of eosinophils in sputum change from baseline values. In contrast, after IL-4 inhalation, methacholine PC20 fell from baseline (0.43 ± 1.81 mg/mI) to 0.22 ± 1.73 mg/mI (p < 0.01) at 24 h, and to 0.21 ± 1.74 mg/ml (p < 0.01) at 48 h. Accompanying this increased airway sensitivity was a significant eosinophilia in sputum. Our data indicated that IL-4 increases airway responsiveness by recruiting eosinophils into the airway in patients with allergic bronchial asthma.
Respiratory Infection and the Impact of Pulmonary Immunity on Lung Health and Disease
Authors: Joseph P. Mizgerd
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Acute lower respiratory tract infection is responsible for an inordinate disease burden. Pulmonary immunity determines the outcomes of these infections. The innate and adaptive immune responses to microbes in the lung are critical to maintaining a healthy respiratory system and preventing pulmonary disease. In addition to balancing antimicrobial defense against the risk of lung injury during the immediate infection, the shaping of pulmonary immunity by respiratory infection contributes to the pathophysiology of many and even perhaps most chronic pulmonary diseases. This Pulmonary Perspective aims to communicate two interconnected points. First, tremendous morbidity and mortality result from inadequate, misguided, or excessive pulmonary immunity. Second, our understanding of pulmonary immunity is at an exciting stage of rapid developments and discoveries, but many questions remain. Further advances in pulmonary immunity and elucidation of the cellular and molecular responses to microbes in the lung are needed to develop novel approaches to predicting, preventing, and curing respiratory disease.
A Cauda Equina Lesion due to Spondylolisthesis
Authors: J. P. Turney
Journal: BMJ (1952)

CARBACHOL FBwn=The concentration of lipase was raised in all but two of the subjects.In three instances the values were modified within, 10 minutes, but the response was not maximal until the third or fourth fractions.The total values for lipase appeared to be raised in all except one, and again it was observed that the highest values were usually obtained 30 minutes after carbachol.The averages for all the above findings are presented in the form of a composite graph.Summary "Pure" duodenal juice was obtained by applying con- tinuous suction to two Ryle's tubes, one of which lay in the stomach, the other in the duodenum.An intramuscular injection of 0.25 mg. of carbachol was given to 10 fasting young adult males.An increase in the volume of the duodenal content resulted in 7, an increase in the lipase concentration in 8, and an increase in the total value for lipase per unit of time in 9 of the subjects.On the whole these effects were most pro- nounced about 30 minutes after the giving of carbachol.Evidence is presented that this drug also stimulates an increased flow of bile.The findings indicate that carbachol excites the external pancreatic secretion in humans.
CORRECTION
Authors: C J M de Groot, G M van Goor, M F Stolk, G Kazemier, P E Zondervan, H J Metselaar, I R Wanless, H L A Janssen
Journal: Gut (2005)

Background: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) correlates with vascularity, metastasis, and proliferation in colorectal cancer but the role of its homologue, placenta growth factor (PlGF), is unknown.The aim of this study was to evaluate expression and clinical implications of PlGF in colorectal cancer.Methods: We investigated 74 tumour/non-tumour pairs of colorectal cryosections.Clinical staging was based on the UICC-TNM classification.Expression levels of mRNA for PlGF and VEGF were analysed with quantitative real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Proteins were analysed by immunohistochemical staining and enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay.Analysis of the differences in PlGF and VEGF levels between tumour and non-tumour tissues in the same patient were performed by paired t test; differences between localised and advanced disease patients by the Mann-Whitney, x 2 , and Fisher's exact tests and survival curves by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: Expression levels for both growth factors were significantly higher in tumour than in non-tumour tissues (p(0.001).The ratio of PlGF expression in tumour to non-tumour in the advanced disease group was significantly higher than for the localised disease group (p = 0.009).Patients with more tumour PlGF mRNA had shorter survival (p = 0.028).The majority of PlGF was expressed in tumour cells.Conclusions: Our results suggest that PlGF expression correlates with disease progression and patient survival and may be used as a prognostic indicator for colorectal cancer.
Intraoperative brain cancer detection with Raman spectroscopy in humans
Authors: Michael Jermyn, Kelvin Mok, Jeanne Mercier, Joannie Desroches, Julien Pichette, Karl Saint-Arnaud, Liane Bernstein, Marie-Christine Guiot, Kevin Petrecca, Frederic Leblond
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

A handheld Raman spectroscopy probe enabled detection of invasive brain cancer intraoperatively in patients with grade 2 to 4 gliomas.
Blood, sweat and tears: reclaiming the ethical high ground in sports physiotherapy
Authors: Anthony G Schneiders
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Sports physiotherapy is a challenging area of clinical practice. Sports people, particularly professional athletes, can place significant demands on physiotherapists and other rehabilitation experts to provide rapid injury resolution and performance enhancing prehabilitation, as well as psychological support, in the form of reassurance and the promotion of resilience during return to play.

Adding to these challenges are further internal and external pressures from coaching staff, management, sponsors and fans, with clinical decisions often made in the unique pressure cooker environment, that is, the sports field or court. In the team environment and especially while on tour, sports physiotherapists interact with athletes and team members in both formal and informal (social) contexts, and this can sometimes blur the lines of professional responsibility. Additionally, objectives of the team may conflict with the health and well-being of the athlete, and sports physiotherapists may find themselves in complex situations with little support.1

Sports …
THE MECHANISM OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY DERANGEMENTS IN RETICULUM CELL LYMPHOMATA (RETICULOSARCOMATA)
Authors: ANDRZEJ LANGNER, MARIA PAWIŃSKA-PRONIEWSKA, WIESLAW CLIŃSKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article THE MECHANISM OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY DERANGEMENTS IN RETICULUM CELL LYMPHOMATA (RETICULOSARCOMATA) Get access ANDRZEJ LANGNER, ANDRZEJ LANGNER Department of Dermatology, Warsaw Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland (Prof. S. Jablońska) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MARIA PAWIŃSKA‐PRONIEWSKA, MARIA PAWIŃSKA‐PRONIEWSKA Department of Dermatology, Warsaw Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland (Prof. S. Jablońska) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar WIESLAW CLIŃSKI WIESLAW CLIŃSKI Department of Dermatology, Warsaw Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland (Prof. S. Jablońska) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 1, 1 July 1971, Pages 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb07169.x Published: 01 July 1971 Article history Accepted: 11 March 1971 Published: 01 July 1971
Posterior superior internal impingement: an evidence-based review
Authors: Alessandro Castagna, Raffaele Garofalo, Eugenio Cesari, Nikolaos Markopoulos, Mario Borroni, Marco Conti
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Over the last decade, the concept of internal impingement has continued to evolve, and the frequency with which this condition is recognised continues to increase. This syndrome should be clearly differentiated from the classical (external) impingement that is thought to be caused by compression of the subacromial bursa, long head of the biceps tendon and rotator cuff (RC) by the coraco-acromial arch. Internal (posterosuperior) impingement syndrome is typified by a painful shoulder due to impingement of the soft tissue, including the RC, joint capsule and the posterosuperior part of the glenoid. The aetiology of this syndrome is unclear, but hypotheses include anterior shoulder instability or micro-instability, contracture of the posterior capsule, reduced humeral retroversion and scapular dyskinesis. Non-operative therapy represents the first line of treatment for this syndrome and includes the management of pain, stretching of the posterior capsule and a muscle strengthening programme. Surgical treatment should only be considered when conservative management fails. A number of different surgical procedures have been proposed, but the results are variable. The success rate is generally improved when the subtle instability, associated with internal impingement, is also addressed.
Early Interstitial Accumulation of Collagen Type I Discriminates Chronic Rejection from Chronic Cyclosporine Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Rene C. Bakker, Klaas Koop, Yvo W. Sijpkens, Michael Eikmans, Ingeborg M. Bajema, Emile de Heer, Jan A. Bruijn, Leendert C. Paul
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

Little is known regarding the composition of the interstitial extracellular matrix of kidney allografts with deteriorating function. Collagen I, III, and IV, the collagen IV alpha3 chain, and the laminin beta2 chain were investigated in biopsies of allografted kidneys with chronic cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity (CsAT) (n = 17), chronic rejection (CR) (n = 12), or chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) (n = 19). alpha-Smooth muscle actin expression was also examined. Normal native kidneys were used as control samples (n = 11). Biopsy samples were studied with routine light microscopy and immunostaining. The mean interstitial fibrosis scores were significantly higher for the CR and CAN groups, compared with the chronic CsAT group. The cortical tubulointerstitial areas of the CR and CAN groups, but not the chronic CsAT group, contained more collagen I than did normal control samples. Differences were noted even in biopsies with mild fibrosis. Accumulation of collagen III, IV, and IV alpha3 was increased in all patient groups. Collagen III accumulation was greater in the CR and CAN groups than in the chronic CsAT group. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that collagen I staining had the best discriminatory value in differentiating CR from chronic CsAT, with a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 94% at a cutoff value of 19%. Laminin beta2 staining did not differentiate CR from CsAT. Increased alpha-smooth muscle actin staining did not differ among the three groups. It was concluded that, during chronic CsAT, collagen III and IV were preferentially accumulated in the tubulointerstitium. Early increases in the deposition of collagen I, with collagen III and IV, were more specific for CR. CR seems to elicit a more pronounced fibrotic response than does chronic CsAT.
Oesophageal candidiasis after omeprazole therapy.
Authors: A J Larner, R Lendrum
Journal: Gut (1992)

Oesophageal candidiasis was diagnosed incidentally at endoscopy in two patients receiving omeprazole therapy. There were no other predisposing factors for the development of candidiasis. The infection was resolved rapidly by anti-candidal therapy and by stopping omeprazole. These findings suggest that gastric acid secretion and physiological reflux of acid into the oesophagus may play a protective role in preventing candida infection.
The Nature and Significance of Memory Disturbance in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Chris R. Brewin
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2011)

Disturbances in aspects of memory described in current learning and cognitive theories are much more strongly associated with the presence of psychiatric disorder than with mere exposure to traumatic events. In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there are numerous associated changes that involve memory capacity, the content of memories for trauma, and a variety of memory processes. Whereas some changes appear to reflect the effects of the disorder, other evidence supports a predictive or causal role for memory disturbance. The following aspects of memory are likely to play a causal role in the development or maintenance of PTSD: verbal memory deficits, negative conceptual knowledge concerning the self, overgeneral memory, avoidance or suppression of memories, and negative interpretation of memory symptoms. Other aspects of memory likely to play a causal role that are in addition specific to PTSD are the integration of the trauma with identity, impairment in retrieval of voluntary trauma memories, and increased incidence of sensation-based memories or flashbacks.
Glucose Metabolism in Renal Transplant Recipients on Tacrolimus
Authors: Johannes M. M. Boots, Elly M. van Duijnhoven, Maarten H. L. Christiaans, Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel, Johannes P. van Hooff
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. The relative role of steroids and tacrolimus in the development of glucose metabolic disorders and hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation has not yet been clearly established. Therefore, glucose metabolism was prospectively evaluated by intravenous glucose tolerance test, as was lipid profile, in fifteen white nondiabetic renal transplant recipients three times: before and after steroid withdrawal and after tacrolimus trough level reduction. After withdrawal of 10 mg of prednisolone, insulin resistance decreased (fasting C-peptide, 0.99 to 0.77 nmol/L [P < 0.0009]; fasting insulin, 9.5 to 8.1 mU/L [P = 0.09]; insulin/glucose ratio, 1.85 to 1.45 mU/mmol [P = 0.10]) and lipid levels decreased (total cholesterol, 5.1 to 4.2 mmol/L [P = 0.006]); HDL cholesterol, 1.4 to 1.1 mmol/L [P = 0.01]; LDL cholesterol, 3.0 to 2.5 mmol/L [P = 0.15]; triglycerides, 1.52 to 0.91 mmol/L [P = 0.02]). After tacrolimus trough level reduction from 9.5 to 6.4 ng/ml, pancreatic β-cell secretion capacity improved (C-peptide secretion increased from 49.0 to 66.6 nmol × min/L [P = 0.04] and insulin secretion increased from 1134 to 1403 mU × min/L [P = 0.06]). HbA1c improved also, from 5.9 to 5.3% (P = 0.002). Lipids did not change. In conclusion, steroid withdrawal resulted in a decrease in insulin resistance and a reduction in lipids, and tacrolimus trough level reduction resulted in an improved pancreatic β-cell secretion capacity. Therefore, these therapeutic measurements may contribute to the reduction of the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients.
Contribution of High-Mobility Group Box-1 to the Development of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury
Authors: Eileen N. Ogawa, Akitoshi Ishizaka, Sadatomo Tasaka, Hidefumi Koh, Hiroshi Ueno, Fumimasa Amaya, Masahito Ebina, Shingo Yamada, Yosuke Funakoshi, Junko Soejima, Kiyoshi Moriyama, Toru Kotani, Satoru Hashimoto, Hiroshi Morisaki, Edward Abraham, Junzo Takeda
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokine that can cause lung injury.This study tested the hypothesis that HMGB1 is released in intact lungs ventilated with large Vt. A second objective was to identify the source of HMGB1. A third objective was to examine the effects of blocking HMGB1 on the subsequent development of VILI.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were obtained from rabbits mechanically ventilated for 4 h with a small (8 ml/kg) versus a large (30 ml/kg) Vt. BALF was also obtained from rabbits with intratracheal instillation of anti-HMGB1 antibody before the initiation of large Vt ventilation.The concentrations of HMGB1 in BALF were fivefold higher in the large than in the small Vt group. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence studies revealed expression of HMGB1 in the cytoplasm of macrophages and neutrophils in lungs ventilated with large Vt. Blocking HMGB1 improved oxygenation, limited microvascular permeability and neutrophil influx into the alveolar lumen, and decreased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in BALF.These observations suggest that HMGB1 could be one of the deteriorating factors in the development of VILI.
A KRAS mutation status-stratified randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin alone or in combination with cetuximab in advanced biliary tract cancer
Authors: J.S. Chen, C. Hsu, N.J. Chiang, C.S. Tsai, H.H. Tsou, S.F. Huang, L.Y. Bai, I.C. Chang, H.S. Shiah, C.L. Ho, C.J. Yen, K.D. Lee, C.F. Chiu, K.M. Rau, M.S. Yu, Y. Yang, R.K. Hsieh, J.Y. Chang, Y.S. Shan, Y. Chao, L.T. Chen, Wen-Chi Shen, Hung-Chih Hsu, Chih-Hung Hsu, Ying-Chun Shen, Tsang-En Wang, Chung-Pin Li, Ming-Huang Chen, Wei-Yao Kao, Ping-Ying Chang, Cheng-Chung Wu, Chien-Lin Teng, Chang-Hsien Lu, Shyh-Jer Lin, Being-Whey Wang, Yen-Yang Chen, Yung-Hsin Chin, Tsai-Rong Chung, Wei-Lan Yu, Mei-Hua Lee, Ling-Fang Lin, Pei-Chyi Lin, Ya-Ling Wu, Hui-Ling Wang, Li-Ju Lu, Shiang-Yi Chen, Chih-Chu Wu, Te-Chih Wei
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Daily physical activity and blood lactate indices of aerobic fitness in children.
Authors: J R Welsman, N Armstrong
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

This study examined the relationship between daily physical activity and aerobic fitness in 11-16-year-olds. Habitual physical activity was assessed in 28 boys (mean(s.d.) age 13.6(1.3) years) and 45 girls (mean(s.d) age 13.7(1.3) years) from minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring during 3 school days. Aerobic fitness was assessed by determining the percentage peak VO2 at blood lactate reference values of 2.5 and 4.0 mmol l-1 during incremental treadmill running. The 4.0 mmol l-1 level occurred at a mean(s.d.) value of 89(7)% peak VO2 in both boys and girls and mean(s.d.) values at the 2.5 mmol l-1 level were 82(9)% peak VO2 in girls. Mean(s.d.) percentage time with heart rates at or above 140 beats min-1 was 6(3)% in boys and 5(3)% in girls. Corresponding values for percentage time at or above 160 beats min-1 were 3(2) for boys and 2(1) for girls. The number of 10- and 20-min periods of activity with the heart rate sustained above the 140 and 160 beats min-1 thresholds were also totalled over the 3 days. No significant relationships were identified between percentage peak VO2 at the 2.5 or 4.0 mmol l-1 blood lactate reference levels and either percentage time or number of 10- or 20-min periods above 140 or 160 beats min-1 (P &gt; 0.05). These results support the hypothesis that daily physical activity levels in 11-16-year-old children do not stress aerobic metabolism sufficiently to influence aerobic fitness.
Lung Cancer Risk after Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ben Armstrong, Emma Hutchinson, John Unwin, Tony Fletcher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures are established lung carcinogens, but the quantitative exposure–response relationship is less clear. To clarify this relationship we conducted a review and meta-analysis of published reports of occupational epidemiologic studies. Thirty-nine cohorts were included. The average estimated unit relative risk (URR) at 100 μg/m3 years benzo[a]pyrene was 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–1.29] and was not sensitive to particular studies or analytic methods. However, the URR varied by industry. The estimated means in coke ovens, gasworks, and aluminum production works were similar (1.15–1.17). Average URRs in other industries were higher but imprecisely estimated, with those for asphalt (17.5; CI, 4.21–72.78) and chimney sweeps (16.2; CI, 1.64–160.7) significantly higher than the three above. There was no statistically significant variation of URRs within industry or in relation to study design (including whether adjusted for smoking), or source of exposure information. Limited information on total dust exposure did not suggest that dust exposure was an important confounder or modified the effect. These results provide a more secure basis for risk assessment than was previously available.
Another look at the relationship between protein intake and dialysis dose.
Authors: D E Uehlinger
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

It seems reasonable to postulate that an observed relationship between dialysis dose and protein intake reflects improved nutrition with correction of uremic symptoms. This article demonstrates a purely statistical association between the two parameters--protein intake, expressed as normalized protein catabolic rate (NPCR), and dialysis dose quantified as KT/V [the product of urea clearance (K) and treatment time (T) divided by the distribution volume of urea (V)] in peritoneal dialysis. The use of random samples from independent normal distributions of K, V, and urea generation rate (G) for the calculation of KT/V and NPCR reveals that a statistical association is introduced when both protein intake and dialysis dose are normalized proportional to a common distribution V. Not the normalizing parameter V per se, but rather the variability of V accounts for the introduction of this statistical artifact.