tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The New Public Health
Authors: Julio Frenk
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1993)

Health is a crossroad. It is where biological and social factors, the individual and the community, and social and economic policy all converge.  addition to its intrinsic value, health is a means for personal and collective advance­ ment. It is, therefore, an indicator of the success achieved by a society and its institutions of government in promoting well-being, which is the ultimate meaning of development. As a field of knowledge and as a social practice, public health has historically been one of the vital forces that have led to reflection on and collective action for health and well-being. However, there is a widespread impression that this leading role has been weakening and that public health is today experiencing a severe identity crisis, as well as a crisis of organization and accomplishment. A recent report prepared by a special committee of the Institute of Medicine opens with the following statement: In recent years, there has been a growing sense that public health, as a profession, as a governmental activity, and as � commitment of society is neither clearly defined, adequately support)!«,/nor fully understood (8). Like the societies of which they are a part, public health institutions all over the world are experiencing new tensions that have exacerbated problems, but have also created challenges for innovation. For nearly 80 years, we have had schools devoted to the teaching of public health. Over time, our schools have developed a valuable tradition that has made it possible to build a broad institutional basis. At the same time, departments and programs with other names have arisen. These departments share a great deal of the vision and mission of public health. However, problems have been mounting.  many
BULLOUS ERUPTION ASSOCIATED WITH APPENDIX ABSCESS IN A CHILD OF THREE
Authors: J. H. SEQUEIRA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1911)

Journal Article BULLOUS ERUPTION ASSOCIATED WITH APPENDIX ABSCESS IN A CHILD OF THREE Get access J. H. SEQUEIRA, M.D., F.R.C.P. J. H. SEQUEIRA, M.D., F.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 23, Issue 9, 1 September 1911, Pages 295–296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1911.tb16685.x Published: 01 September 1911
Lipid Management in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Silvio E. Inzucchi, John M. Amatruda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

“… with fat diabetes begins. From fat diabetics die, formerly of coma and recently of … arteriosclerosis.” Three-quarters of a century ago, Dr. Elliot Joslin succinctly summarized two of the lethal consequences of diabetes before (ketoacidosis) and after (cardiovascular disease [CVD]) the discovery of insulin (1). As we progressively refine our ability to normalize blood glucose with increasingly complex regimens of new oral and injectable agents, the excess cardiovascular mortality from diabetes remains unabated (2). With diabetes increasing worldwide due to decreased physical activity and an aging and more obese population, and with type 2 diabetes being diagnosed at earlier ages (3,4), without effective preventive strategies the associated atherosclerotic complications are likely to soon reach unmanageable proportions. This prediction lies in sharp contrast to a decrease in cardiovascular mortality in the general population that has been recently reported (5).

The precise link between CVD and diabetes is not completely understood, but it is clearly multifactoral, involving the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia itself, resulting in endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, increased oxidative stress, and protein glycosylation. In the setting of type 2 diabetes, there are the additional contributions of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and further abnormalities in fibrinolysis and endothelial function (6). With the onset of diabetic nephropathy the risk of macrovascular disease is compounded. The exact role of each of these derangements is complicated by their complex interrelationships. In the midst of such a large number and variety of risk factors, however, dyslipidemia remains a key determinant of CVD. While the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), the largest prospective trial of type 2 diabetes, showed that glucose control decreased the microvascular complications of diabetes, the trial demonstrated that elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were among the strongest predictors of fatal and nonfatal myocardial …
Science, Policy, and the Transparency of Values
Authors: Kevin C. Elliott, David B. Resnik
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Opposing groups of scientists have recently engaged in a heated dispute over a preliminary European Commission (EC) report on its regulatory policy for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In addition to the scientific issues at stake, a central question has been how scientists can maintain their objectivity when informing policy makers.Drawing from current ethical, conceptual, and empirical studies of objectivity and conflicts of interest in scientific research, we propose guiding principles for communicating scientific findings in a manner that promotes objectivity, public trust, and policy relevance.Both conceptual and empirical studies of scientific reasoning have shown that it is unrealistic to prevent policy-relevant scientific research from being influenced by value judgments. Conceptually, the current dispute over the EC report illustrates how scientists are forced to make value judgments about appropriate standards of evidence when informing public policy. Empirical studies provide further evidence that scientists are unavoidably influenced by a variety of potentially subconscious financial, social, political, and personal interests and values.When scientific evidence is inconclusive and major regulatory decisions are at stake, it is unrealistic to think that values can be excluded from scientific reasoning. Thus, efforts to suppress or hide interests or values may actually damage scientific objectivity and public trust, whereas a willingness to bring implicit interests and values into the open may be the best path to promoting good science and policy.
Common variants at ABCA7, MS4A6A/MS4A4E, EPHA1, CD33 and CD2AP are associated with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Paul Hollingworth, Denise Harold, Rebecca Sims, Amy Gerrish, Jean-Charles Lambert, Minerva M Carrasquillo, Richard Abraham, Marian L Hamshere, Jaspreet Singh Pahwa, Valentina Moskvina, Kimberley Dowzell, Nicola Jones, Alexandra Stretton, Charlene Thomas, Alex Richards, Dobril Ivanov, Caroline Widdowson, Jade Chapman, Simon Lovestone, John Powell, Petroula Proitsi, Michelle K Lupton, Carol Brayne, David C Rubinsztein, Michael Gill, Brian Lawlor, Aoibhinn Lynch, Kristelle S Brown, Peter A Passmore, David Craig, Bernadette McGuinness, Stephen Todd, Clive Holmes, David Mann, A David Smith, Helen Beaumont, Donald Warden, Gordon Wilcock, Seth Love, Patrick G Kehoe, Nigel M Hooper, Emma R L C Vardy, John Hardy, Simon Mead, Nick C Fox, Martin Rossor, John Collinge, Wolfgang Maier, Frank Jessen, Eckart Rüther, Britta Schürmann, Reiner Heun, Heike Kölsch, Hendrik van den Bussche, Isabella Heuser, Johannes Kornhuber, Jens Wiltfang, Martin Dichgans, Lutz Frölich, Harald Hampel, John Gallacher, Michael Hüll, Dan Rujescu, Ina Giegling, Alison M Goate, John S K Kauwe, Carlos Cruchaga, Petra Nowotny, John C Morris, Kevin Mayo, Kristel Sleegers, Karolien Bettens, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Peter P De Deyn, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Gill Livingston, Nicholas J Bass, Hugh Gurling, Andrew McQuillin, Rhian Gwilliam, Panagiotis Deloukas, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Christopher E Shaw, Magda Tsolaki, Andrew B Singleton, Rita Guerreiro, Thomas W Mühleisen, Markus M Nöthen, Susanne Moebus, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Norman Klopp, H-Erich Wichmann, V Shane Pankratz, Sigrid B Sando, Jan O Aasly, Maria Barcikowska, Zbigniew K Wszolek, Dennis W Dickson, Neill R Graff-Radford, Ronald C Petersen, Cornelia M van Duijn, Monique M B Breteler, M Arfan Ikram, Anita L DeStefano, Annette L Fitzpatrick, Oscar Lopez, Lenore J Launer, Sudha Seshadri, Claudine Berr, Dominique Campion, Jacques Epelbaum, Jean-François Dartigues, Christophe Tzourio, Annick Alpérovitch, Mark Lathrop, Thomas M Feulner, Patricia Friedrich, Caterina Riehle, Michael Krawczak, Stefan Schreiber, Manuel Mayhaus, S Nicolhaus, Stefan Wagenpfeil, Stacy Steinberg, Hreinn Stefansson, Kari Stefansson, Jon Snædal, Sigurbjörn Björnsson, Palmi V Jonsson, Vincent Chouraki, Benjamin Genier-Boley, Mikko Hiltunen, Hilkka Soininen, Onofre Combarros, Diana Zelenika, Marc Delepine, Maria J Bullido, Florence Pasquier, Ignacio Mateo, Ana Frank-Garcia, Elisa Porcellini, Olivier Hanon, Eliecer Coto, Victoria Alvarez, Paolo Bosco, Gabriele Siciliano, Michelangelo Mancuso, Francesco Panza, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Benedetta Nacmias, Sandro Sorbi, Paola Bossù, Paola Piccardi, Beatrice Arosio, Giorgio Annoni, Davide Seripa, Alberto Pilotto, Elio Scarpini, Daniela Galimberti, Alexis Brice, Didier Hannequin, Federico Licastro, Lesley Jones, Peter A Holmans, Thorlakur Jonsson, Matthias Riemenschneider, Kevin Morgan, Steven G Younkin, Michael J Owen, Michael O'Donovan, Philippe Amouyel, Julie Williams
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Renal Tubular Dysgenesis, a Not Uncommon Autosomal Recessive Disorder Leading to Oligohydramnios
Authors: Mireille Lacoste, Yi Cai, Liliane Guicharnaud, Franc[COMBINING CEDILLA]oise Mounier, Yves Dumez, Raymonde Bouvier, Fre[Combining Acute Accent]de[Combining Acute Accent]rique Dijoud, Marie Gonzales, Jane Chatten, Anne-Lise Delezoide, Laurent Daniel, Madeleine Joubert, Nicole Laurent, Jacqueline Aziza, Tahya Sellami, Hatem Ben Amar, Catherine Jarnet, Anne Marie Frances, Farida Dai[Combining Diaeresis]kha-Dahmane, Aurore Coulomb, Thomas J. Neuhaus, Bernard Foliguet, Pierre Chenal, Pascale Marcorelles, Jean Marie Gasc, Pierre Corvol, Marie Claire Gubler
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Renal tubular dysgenesis is a clinical disorder that is observed in fetuses and characterized by the absence or poor development of proximal tubules, early onset and persistent oligohydramnios that leads to the Potter sequence, and skull ossification defects. It may be acquired during fetal development or inherited as an autosomal recessive disease. It was shown recently that autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis is genetically heterogeneous and linked to mutations in the genes that encode components of the renin-angiotensin system. This study analyzed the clinical expression of the disease in 29 fetus/neonates from 18 unrelated families and evaluated changes in renal morphology and expression of the renin-angiotensin system. The disease was uniformly severe, with perinatal death in all cases as a result of persistent anuria and hypoxia related to pulmonary hypoplasia. Severe defects in proximal tubules were observed in all fetuses from 18 gestational weeks onward, and lesions also involved other tubular segments. They were associated with thickening of the renal arterial vasculature, from the arcuate to the afferent arteries. Renal renin expression was strikingly increased in 19 of 24 patients studied, from 13 families, whereas no renal renin was detected in four patients from three families. Angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme were absent or present in only small amounts in the proximal tubule, in correlation with the severity of tubular abnormalities. No specific changes were detected in angiotensin II receptor expression. The severity and the early onset of the clinical and pathologic expression of the disease underline the major importance of this system in fetal kidney function and development in humans. The identification of the disease on the basis of precise histologic analysis and the research of the genetic defect now allow genetic counseling and early prenatal diagnosis.
Aberrant 3′ oligoadenylation of spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA in poikiloderma with neutropenia
Authors: Christine Hilcenko, Paul J. Simpson, Andrew J. Finch, Frank R. Bowler, Mark J. Churcher, Li Jin, Len C. Packman, Adam Shlien, Peter Campbell, Michael Kirwan, Inderjeet Dokal, Alan J. Warren
Journal: Blood (2012)
Hemodynamic performance and myosin light chain-1 expression of the hypertrophied left ventricle in aortic valve disease before and after valve replacement.
Authors: G Sütsch, U T Brunner, C von Schulthess, H O Hirzel, O M Hess, M Turina, H P Krayenbuehl, M C Schaub
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Previously, we have reported on the selective accumulation of an atrial-like myosin light chain-1 (ALC1) in different forms of human ventricular hypertrophy. The present study involves the determination of ALC1 content in a control group and in patients with aortic stenosis or insufficiency before and 56 +/- 23 months after valve replacement and compares the hemodynamic and angiographic parameters. ALC1 was quantified densitometrically after two-dimensional electrophoretic resolution of biopsy specimens from the left ventricle and was expressed in percent of total ventricular light chain-1. The mean ALC1 content was 11.2 +/- 9.2% in preoperative aortic stenosis and 4.5 +/- 1.4% in aortic insufficiency, both being significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than the control value of 0.3 +/- 0.3%. After valve replacement, mean ALC1 content was lower than before, 4.2 +/- 3.3% (p less than 0.05) in stenosis and 3.4 +/- 3.1% (p = NS) in insufficiency. Left ventricular systolic pressure yields a significant (p less than 0.01) linear correlation (r = 0.45) with the ALC1 content in all preoperative and postoperative patients. Patient group averages of ALC1 content correlate directly with left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure and wall thickness (r = 0.94-0.98) and, in an exponential fashion, with peak systolic circumferential wall stress (r = 0.98) but not with muscle mass or any other parameter. The ventricular ALC1 binds to myosin in proportion to its occurrence in the myocardium. The content of the endogenous ventricular light chain-1 did not change under pathological hemodynamics. The response in expression of the ALC1 to pressure and volume overload suggests an adaptational process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on risk of neural tube defects: case-control study
Authors: Peadar N Kirke, James L Mills, Anne M Molloy, Lawrence C Brody, Valerie B O'Leary, Leslie Daly, Sharon Murray, Mary Conley, Philip D Mayne, Owen Smith, John M Scott
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Homozygosity for the T allele of the C677T polymorphism of the gene encoding the folate dependent enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a risk factor for neural tube defects. 1 Both the homozygous (TT) and heterozygous (CT) genotypes are associated with lower tissue concentrations of folate, higher homocysteine concentrations, and lower enzyme activity than the wild type (CC) genotype; these effects are more marked in homozygotes.Low folate and raised homocysteine levels in early pregnancy are risk factors for neural tube defects. 2 We investigated the possibility that the CT genotype would also increase the risk of these malformations.
Proteomics of Canine Lymphoma Identifies Potential Cancer-Specific Protein Markers
Authors: Dudley L. McCaw, Arvan S. Chan, Andrew L. Stegner, Brian Mooney, Jeffrey N. Bryan, Susan E. Turnquist, Carolyn J. Henry, Hannah Alexander, Stephen Alexander
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Early diagnosis of cancer is crucial for the success of treatment of the disease, and there is a need for markers whose differential expression between disease and normal tissue could be used as a diagnostic tool. Spontaneously occurring malignancies in pets provide a logical tool for translational research for human oncology. Lymphoma, one of the most common neoplasms in dogs, is similar to human non–Hodgkin's lymphoma and could serve as an experimental model system. Experimental Design: Thirteen lymph nodes from normal dogs and 11 lymph nodes from dogs with B-cell lymphoma were subjected to proteomic analysis using two-dimensional PAGE separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis. Results: A total of 93 differentially expressed spots was subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and several proteins that showed differential expression were identified. Of these, prolidase (proline dipeptidase), triosephosphate isomerase, and glutathione S-transferase were down-regulated in lymphoma samples, whereas macrophage capping protein was up-regulated in the lymphoma samples. Conclusions: These proteins represent potential markers for the diagnosis of lymphoma and should be further investigated in human samples for validation of their utility as diagnostic markers.
Hysteresis in the excitability of isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
Authors: P Lorente, C Delgado, M Delmar, D Henzel, J Jalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Hysteresis phenomena were demonstrated in the excitability of single, enzymatically dissociated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Membrane potentials were recorded with patch pipettes in the whole-cell current-clamp configuration. Repetitive stimulation with depolarizing current pulses of constant cycle length and duration but varying strength led to predictable excitation (1:1) and nonexcitation (1:0) patterns depending on current strength. However, transition between patterns depended on the direction of current strength change, and stable hysteresis loops were obtained in stimulus-response pattern versus current strength plots in 31 cells. Increase of pulse duration and decrease of stimulation rate contributed to a reduction in hysteresis loop areas. In addition, at the abrupt transitions from 1:0 to 1:1 patterns, a latency adaptation phenomenon was consistently observed. Bath application of tetrodotoxin (30 microM) produced no change of hysteresis, whereas hysteresis was substantially decreased in cobalt (2 mM) superfusion experiments. Analysis of the changes in amplitude and shape of the subthreshold responses during the transitions from one stable pattern to the other suggested that activity led to an increase in membrane resistance, particularly in the voltage domain between resting and threshold potentials. We therefore modeled the dynamic behavior of the single cells, using an analytical solution aimed at calculating the recovery of activation latency as a function of diastolic membrane resistance. Numerical iteration of the analytical model equations closely reproduced the experimental hysteresis loops in both qualitative and quantitative ways. The effect of stimulation frequency on the model was similar to the experimental findings. The overall study suggests that the excitability pattern of guinea pig ventricular myocytes is responsible for hysteresis and bistabilities when current intensity is allowed to fluctuate around threshold levels.
The wallstent in native coronary arteries (WIN) multicenter randomized trial: in hospital acute results
Authors: L. Bilodeau, T. Schreiber, J.D. Hilton, S. Rosenblum, S. Mehta, M. McIvor, Z. Krajcer, B.H. Wilson, C. Senerchia, L.D. Beck, A. Pedan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Amiodarone and post-MI patients.
Authors: K Nademanee, B N Singh, W G Stevenson, J N Weiss
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Amiodarone is a viable drug for preventing sudden cardiac death, particularly during the first year after MI. If larger trials confirm the aforementioned prospective trials of Ceremuzynski et al, Cairns et al, and the BASIS trial, the efficacy of amiodarone would outweigh the risk of its side effects during the first year after MI. Based on the long-term observation from the BASIS trial, the duration of amiodarone therapy need not be more than 1 year--which, as we have learned, is when these post-MI patients would benefit most from the drug. It is also likely that the effects of amiodarone would complement those of aspirin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The SAVE, CONSENSUS II, and SOLVD trials demonstrated that captopril and enalapril did not reduce the mortality rate during the first year after MI, nor did they reduce the sudden cardiac death rate. Their beneficial effects became evident only during the second year and thereafter. Unlike other antiarrhythmic agents of various classes, amiodarone possesses antiarrhythmic properties but does not exert deleterious effects on ventricular function. More studies are needed to determine if the benefit of amiodarone could be enhanced by combination therapy (eg, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, aspirin, or beta-blockers). Whether amiodarone will provide the same protection for patients who have poor left ventricular function or congestive heart failure is not known. The European and VA cooperative studies should help answer this question. If it turns out that amiodarone is beneficial, one must then determine whether higher doses of the drug will offer more protection, and, if so, if that greater protection would be offset by increased toxicity. How much amiodarone should be given to offer the most protection with the least risk? Another intriguing research question is this: If we treat patients with amiodarone for more than 1 year, would the drug continue to improve the mortality rate in subsequent years? Other studies are needed in patients at very high risk of sudden cardiac death (ie, those who have a low ejection fraction and high-density VPDs). A study comparing amiodarone and sotalol in high-risk patients for sudden cardiac death is also needed. These clinical studies should be carried out with basic science research investigating the actions of amiodarone at the molecular and cellular level in order to give us a better understanding of how the drug works.
The Fattening of America
Authors: F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The article by Kuczmarski et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofTHE JOURNALreports a disquieting increase over 12 years in the prevalence of overweight among US adults. The data reported originate from the most recent of four national cross-sectional surveys that were performed from 1960 through 1962, 1971 through 1974,1976 through 1980, and 1988 through 1991. The overall increase in the prevalence of overweight since the 1976 through 1980 survey has been 8%. Not only is the occurrence of obesity in the United States stunningly high (more than 30% in all groups), it is particularly so among women and among minority groups. Also, alarmingly, it is continuing to increase. This is of concern because increasing obesity is associated with greater morbidity and higher mortality.<sup>2</sup>Disease incidences that rise with increasing weight include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, gout, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and some forms of cancer.
Penicillium marneffei Part of Southeast Asian AIDS
Authors: Pat Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1996)

A NEW THREAT to people with AIDS is emerging in Southeast Asia: infection with the fungal organism<i>Penicillium marneffei</i>, which carries the risk of death if not treated. As with other rarely seen and once obscure diseases, this organism has seized the opportunity for advancement offered by the compromised immune systems of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). "The incidence [of infection with<i>P marneffei</i>] has increased alarmingly in Bangkok and Northern Thailand, more than doubling from 500 cases in 1994 to 1300 cases in 1995," said Rataporn Ungpakorn, MD, head of the Department of Mycology at the Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand. At a session on "Mycoses of the Pacific Rim" at the International Summit on Cutaneous Antifungal Therapy held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Ungpakorn suggested that these data may represent only the tip of the iceberg, and that the actual number of AIDS patients infected with