tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enviromental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer Risk in Nonsmoking Women
Authors: H. G. Stockwell, A. L. Goldman, G. H. Lyman, C. I. Noss, A. W. Armstrong, P. A. Pinkham, E. C. Candelora, M. R. Brusa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Enviromental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer Risk in Nonsmoking Women Get access Heather G. Stockwell, Heather G. Stockwell * Department of Epideminology and Biostatistics, University of South FloridaTampa, Fla *Correspondence to: Heather G. Stockwell, Sc.D., Department of Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics, College of Public Health Unversity of south Florida, Tampa, FL 33612–3805. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Allan L. Goldman, Allan L. Goldman Department of Internal Medcine, University of South FloridaTampa, Fla Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary H. Lyman, Gary H. Lyman Department of Internal Medcine, University of South FloridaTampa, Fla Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles I. Noss, Charles I. Noss Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health University of South FloridaTampa, Fla Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Adam W. Armstrong, Adam W. Armstrong Department of Epideminology and Biostatistics, University of South FloridaTampa, Fla Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patricia A. Pinkham, Patricia A. Pinkham Department of Epideminology and Biostatistics, University of South FloridaTampa, Fla Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elizabeth C. Candelora, Elizabeth C. Candelora Department of Epideminology and Biostatistics, University of South FloridaTampa, Fla Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marcia R. Brusa Marcia R. Brusa Department of Epideminology and Biostatistics, University of South FloridaTampa, Fla Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 18, 16 September 1992, Pages 1417–1422, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.18.1417 Published: 16 September 1992 Article history Received: 24 February 1992 Revision received: 02 May 1992 Accepted: 05 June 1992 Published: 16 September 1992
Physical activity and breast cancer risk in a cohort of young women
Authors: B. Rockhill, W. C. Willett, D. J. Hunter, J. E. Manson, S. E. Hankinson, D. Spiegelman, G. A. Colditz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Background : Increased physical activity has been hypothesized to be a means of breast cancer prevention. We examined the associations between physical activity at two different times in life and breast cancer risk. Methods : We analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study II, a prospective study of women aged 25–42 years in 1989. On the baseline survey, women were asked, "While in high school and between the ages 18 and 22 years, how often did you participate in strenuous physical activity at least twice a week?" We averaged answers to these two questions to develop a measure of late adolescent activity. Women were also asked at baseline to report the number of hours per week they currently spent in different nonoccupational activities. During 6 years of follow-up, we identified 372 cases of invasive breast cancer. Data were analyzed by use of multivariate pooled logistic regression to produce relative risk (RR) and confidence intervals (CIs) of being diagnosed with the disease. Results : Women who were more active in late adolescence were not at reduced risk of breast cancer compared with less active women. For those women who reported engaging in strenuous activity at least twice per week for 10–12 months per year in late adolescence, the RR of cancer, compared with those who never engaged in such activity, was 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8– 1.6). Similarly, higher levels of recent nonoccupational physical activity were not associated with reduced risk of breast cancer (RR for ⩾7 hours of activity/week relative to <1 hour/week = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.8–1.5). Conclusion : Our findings do not support a link between physical activity, in late adolescence or in the recent past, and breast cancer risk among young adult women. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:1155–60]
Effect of insulin on the proliferation of cultured primate arterial smooth muscle cells.
Authors: R W Stout, E L Bierman, R Ross
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Smooth muscle cells were grown from thoracic aortas of 1-year-old monkeys (Macaca nemistrina). The effect of insulin on the proliferation of these cells was studied by comparing the growth of cells in culture medium to which insulin had been added with that of cells in basal (1% monkey serum) medium and in growth-promoting 5% monkey serum. Insulin in concentrations of 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 muunits/ml resulted in successively greater stimulation of growth which was highly significant (P smaller than 0.001) by analysis of variance. There was a significant linear relationship between the logarithm of the insulin dose and cell growth. However, the highest concentration of insulin produced only 50% of the effect of 5% monkey serum. Serum from which insulin had been removed stimulated growth less well (P smaller than 0.05) than did untreated serum at the same concentration (5%) but had significant (P smaller than 0.05) stimulating properties compared with whole serum at a lower concentration. Cells that were older in culture life (eight or nine passages) did not show a growth response to insulin and had an attenuated response to 5% serum. The effect of insulin (100 muunits/ml) was inhibited by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP) (5 times 10-5 M), although there was a latent period of 3 days before inhibition occurred; db-cAMP had no effect on cell counts in the absence of insulin. The electron microscopic appearance of the cells was unaltered by insulin.
Patterns of DNA Mutations and ALK Rearrangement in Resected Node Negative Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Po Yee Yip, Bing Yu, Wendy A. Cooper, Christina I. Selinger, Chiu Chin Ng, Catherine W. Kennedy, Maija R.J. Kohonen-Corish, Brian C. McCaughan, Ronald J. Trent, Michael J. Boyer, James G. Kench, Lisa G. Horvath, Sandra A. O'Toole
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Effect of in vivo administration of Lyt antibodies. Lyt phenotype of T cells in lymphoid tissues and blocking of tumor rejection.
Authors: E Nakayama, A Uenaka
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

After transplantation of B6RV2 leukemia, initial tumor growth was followed by tumor regression in B6 (CB6F1) female, but not male, mice. This indicated that H-Y antigen is involved in B6RV2 rejection by syngeneic female recipient mice. In the case of another leukemia, BALB.RL male 1, and Ir gene, probably identical to the Rgv-1 gene, is responsible for RL male 1 rejection. Thus, F1 hybrids of BALB/c with certain other strains of mice can reject RL male 1. Using these two different systems of tumor rejection, we investigated the effects of in vivo administration of Lyt and Thy-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Results showed that Lyt-2 and -3 mAb blocked both B6RV2 rejection by B6 female mice and BALB.RL male 1 rejection by CB6F1 mice. The specificity of blocking was confirmed by use of Lyt-2 and -3 mAb to reciprocal alleles and mice from B6 Lyt-congeneic stocks. No blocking was observed with Lyt-1 and Thy-1 mAb. The Lyt phenotype of T cells in lymphoid tissues from mice treated with mAb was then studied. Blocking of the Lyt-2+3+ population was observed in the lymph node and spleen, but not in the thymus. These results indicate the involvement of Lyt-2+3+ cells (or Lyt-2,3 antigen) in tumor rejection. The precise mechanism of blocking is unknown, but it was observed after even a single injection of Lyt-2,3 mAb on day 9 after tumor transplantation, suggesting that effector cells were functionally blocked, rather than that the generation of these cells was inhibited.
Marathon finishers and pre-race drop-outs.
Authors: P J Clough, J Shepherd, R J Maughan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1989)

The purpose of this longitudinal questionnaire study was to investigate the effects of participation or non participation in a marathon race on future running behaviour. The majority (70 per cent) of the participants who intended to run a future marathon actually did so and only 11 per cent stopped running altogether. Fewer of the pre-race drop-outs (31 per cent) who indicated their intention to run a future marathon actually did so (P less than 0.001) and more of them (24 per cent) stopped running altogether (P less than 0.001) compared with the runners in the finishers' sample. These results suggest that the experience of running in a marathon does not negatively influence future running habits. However, failure to run in a race for which an entry has been made may lead to a reduced involvement in running. The present study also examined the reasons for pre-race drop-out. Injury (36 per cent), lack of training (31 per cent) and illness (12 per cent) were the most frequently given reasons for drop-out. Few differences were found between the pre-race drop-outs and the finishers, but the drop-outs did feel that running was less important (P less than 0.001), reported a greater number of longer term injuries (P less than 0.001) and did significantly less training (P less than 0.001) than the finishers.
Host cyclooxygenase-2 modulates carcinoma growth
Authors: Christopher S. Williams, Masahiko Tsujii, Jeff Reese, Sudhansu K. Dey, Raymond N. DuBois
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2; Ptgs2) acts as a tumor promoter in rodent models for colorectal cancer, but its precise role in carcinogenesis remains unclear. We evaluated the contribution of host-derived COX-1 and COX-2 in tumor growth using both genetic and pharmacological approaches. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells grow rapidly as solid tumors when implanted in C57BL/6 mice. We found that tumor growth was markedly attenuated in COX-2–/–, but not COX-1–/– or wild-type mice. Treatment of wild-type C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC tumors with a selective COX-2 inhibitor also reduced tumor growth. A decrease in vascular density was observed in tumors grown in COX-2–/– mice when compared with those in wild-type mice. Because COX-2 is expressed in stromal fibroblasts of human and rodent colorectal carcinomas, we evaluated COX-2–/– mouse fibroblasts and found a 94% reduction in their ability to produce the proangiogenic factor, VEGF. Additionally, treatment of wild-type mouse fibroblasts with a selective COX-2 inhibitor reduced VEGF production by 92%.
Higher strength dithranol preparation
Authors: M. Whitefield
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Higher strength dithranol preparation Get access M. Whitefield M. Whitefield Dermal Laboratories Ltd, Hitchin, Hertfordshire SG4 7QR U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 1, 1 July 1987, Page 134, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04107.x Published: 01 July 1987
Hypermethylation of the <b> <i>Retinoic Acid Receptor</i> </b>-β<b> <i>2</i> </b> Gene in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis
Authors: Emile M. Youssef, Dafna Lotan, Jean-Pierre Issa, Kenichi Wakasa, You-Hong Fan, Li Mao, Khaled Hassan, Lei Feng, J. Jack Lee, Scott M. Lippman, Waun K. Hong, Reuben Lotan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Retinoic acid receptor-beta(2) (RAR-beta(2)) expression is suppressed in oral premalignant lesions and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). This study was conducted to determine whether RAR-beta(2) gene expression in such lesions can be silenced by promoter methylation.RAR-beta(2) methylation was analyzed in DNA samples from 22 pairs of primary HNSCC and adjacent normal epithelium, 124 samples of oral leukoplakia, and 18 HNSCC cell lines using methylation-specific PCR. RAR-beta(2) promoter was methylated in 67, 56, and 53% of HNSCC tumors, HNSCC cell lines, and microdissected oral leukoplakia specimens, respectively. RAR-beta(2) hypermethylation was confirmed by sodium bisulfite-PCR combined with restriction enzyme digestion analysis and by random cloning and sequencing of bisulfite-treated DNA isolates.Significantly higher RAR-beta(2) hypermethylation levels were found in tumor tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue (P = 0.002). RAR-beta(2) methylation in the cell lines was correlated with loss of RAR-beta(2) expression (P = 0.013) and inversely related to the presence of mutated p53 (P = 0.025). The demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) restored RAR-beta(2) inducibility by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in some of the cell lines, which posses a methylated RAR-beta(2) promoter. In some cell lines, this effect was associated with increased growth inhibition after combined treatment with 5-aza-CdR and ATRA.RAR-beta(2) silencing by methylation is an early event in head and neck carcinogenesis; 5-Aza-CdR can restore RAR-beta(2) inducibility by ATRA in most cell lines, and the combination of 5-aza-CdR and ATRA is more effective in growth inhibition than single agents.
Melanomas detected with the aid of total cutaneous photography
Authors: N.E. Feit, S.W. Dusza, A.A. Marghoob
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Early detection of melanoma results in excision of thinner melanomas, which are associated with better prognosis. Total cutaneous photography provides a temporal comparison of lesions, which allows clinicians and patients to recognize new and subtly changing lesions.We examined the utility of total cutaneous photography in detecting melanoma, identified the reason for biopsy of suspicious lesions and determined who detected new melanomas, the physician on follow-up examination or the patient on self-examination.The charts of the 576 patients in the total cutaneous photography database were reviewed. Twelve patients were identified who had melanoma diagnosed with photographic assistance. Baseline and prebiopsy photographs, dermatology clinic notes (115 patient visits) and pathology reports for each biopsied lesion were reviewed. Histological diagnosis, cause for biopsy, and whether the lesion was detected by the patient or physician, was recorded for each of the biopsied lesions. Also noted were all the lesions that concerned patients, the cause for concern, and whether these lesions were biopsied.A total of 93 lesions were biopsied in these patients. Twenty-seven (35%) of 77 melanocytic lesions were histologically diagnosed as melanoma. The thickest melanoma found measured 1.1 mm, indicating a favourable prognosis in our patients. Seventy-four per cent of the melanomas were biopsied due to changes from baseline and 19% were biopsied because they were new lesions. The changes noted were subtle and the lesions that proved to be melanoma did not satisfy the classical clinical criteria for melanoma. Eight (30%) of the melanomas were identified by patients on skin self-examination. Twenty-six per cent of the lesions that concerned patients were not biopsied after evaluation by a physician.We found that photographically assisted follow-up helped detect new and subtly changing melanomas, which did not satisfy the classical clinical features of melanoma. In addition, photographically assisted follow-up helped detect nonmelanoma skin cancers. Patient skin self-examination proved to be valuable, in that it complemented physician follow-up examination in detecting melanomas. Photographic follow-up was also valuable in avoiding unnecessary biopsy in suspicious, but stable lesions. Total cutaneous photography therefore may be an effective way to increase the sensitivity and specificity for detecting melanoma.
British Thoracic Society guideline on pulmonary rehabilitation in adults: does objectivity have a sliding scale?
Authors: Alison K McConnell, Rik Gosselink
Journal: Thorax (2014)

This article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. Copyright © 2014  BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Thoracic Society. This is an Open Access article
distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons
Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license,
which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build
upon this work non-commercially, and license their
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Value of DNA analysis in addition to cytological testing in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions.
Authors: F Rodriguez de Castro, T Molero, O Acosta, G Julia-Serda, J Caminero, P Cabrera, T Carrillo
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Aneuploidy appears to be a highly specific marker for cancer, and measurement of cellular DNA content by flow cytometry is rapid and reliable. This study was undertaken to determine if the addition of DNA analysis improved the sensitivity of cytological diagnosis of malignancy in pleural fluid.Pleural effusions from 92 patients were studied by cytological examination and flow cytometry.In 41 patients the final diagnosis was malignancy, there were 40 cases of benign effusions including 22 with pleural tuberculosis, and in the remaining 11 patients with biopsy proven cancer the presence of malignant cells was not found by cytological and histological means in the pleural fluid. Aneuploidy and cytological malignancy were found in 14 samples. There were seven cases with abnormal flow cytometry and negative cytological results. In 12 patients the cytological test results were positive but DNA analysis was normal. Thirty six samples of fluid were both diploid and cytologically negative. Of the 22 tuberculous effusions seven contained aneuploid cells. The sensitivity of DNA and cytological analysis was 51.2% and 63.4%, respectively. The specificity of DNA analysis was 74.5%.DNA analysis of cells in malignant pleural effusions is both less sensitive and specific than the cytological diagnosis. Flow cytometric analysis is not recommended for routine use in the diagnosis of pleural effusions.
Projecting Individualized Probabilities of Developing Breast Cancer for White Females Who Are Being Examined Annually
Authors: M. H. Gail, L. A. Brinton, D. P. Byar, D. K. Corle, S. B. Green, C. Schairer, J. J. Mulvihill
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

To assist in medical counseling, we present a method to estimate the chance that a woman with given age and risk factors will develop breast cancer over a specified interval. The risk factors used were age at menarche, age at first live birth, number of previous biopsies, and number of first-degree relatives with breast cancer. A model of relative risks for various combinations of these factors was developed from case-control data from the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP). The model allowed for the fact that relative risks associated with previous breast biopsies were smaller for women aged 50 or more than for younger women. Thus, the proportional hazards models for those under age 50 and for those of age 50 or more. The baseline age-specific hazard rate, which is the rate for a patient without identified risk factors, is computed as the product of the observed age-specific composite hazard rate times the quantity 1 minus the attributable risk. We calculated individualized breast cancer probabilities from information on relative risks and the baseline hazard rate. These calculations take competing risks and the interval of risk into account. Our data were derived from women who participated in the BCDDP and who tended to return for periodic examinations. For this reason, the risk projections given are probably most reliable for counseling women who plan to be examined about once a year.
Cost Effectiveness of Cervical Cancer Screening for the Elderly
Authors: M C Fahs, J Mandelblatt, C Schechter, C Muller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To analyze the costs and benefits of alternate cervical cancer screening schedules among elderly women. Setting: Population-based screening programs. Design: A Markov model predicts the outcomes of periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment for cervical cancer among women from 65 to 109 years of age. Patients: A hypothetical cohort of one million 65-year-old women, representative of the U. S. population. Measurements: The costs and yields of screening. Results: Triennial screening reduced mortality from cervical cancer among the elderly by 74% at a cost of $2254 per year of life saved. Annual screening increased costs to $7345 per year of life saved; less frequent schedules yielded lower costs but decreased savings in life. These results were most sensitive to the quality of the Papanicolaou smear and the characteristics of the women using the benefit. If the sensitivity of the Papanicolaou smear was reduced from a baseline estimate of 75% to 50% and the specificity was decreased to 87% from 95%, the cost effectiveness ratio increased by nearly $7000 per year of life saved. If triennial screening is targeted to women who have not had regular screening, the program will save money as well as years of life; however, screening women who have been screened regularly is considerably less efficient, increasing costs to $33 572 per year of life saved. Conclusion: The success of the new Medicare benefit depends substantially on physicians assuring that their elderly patients, particularly women without regular prior screening, obtain high quality Papanicolaou smears. The data also show that after a woman 65 years of age or older has a history of regular negative smears, screening is inefficient and can cease.
Isolated hapten-binding receptors of sensitized lymphocytes. III. Evidence for idiotypic restriction of T-cell receptors.
Authors: U Krawinkel, M Cramer, I Melchers, T Imanishi-Kari, K Rajewsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The primary antibody response of C57BL/6 mice to the 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP) hapten is restricted to antibody molecules expressing the NPb idiotype. This idiotype is a genetic marker for V genes in the heavy chain linkage group. In the secondary response, the frequency of NPb idiotype-positive molecules within the antibody population drops to very low values. Accordingly, isolated NP binding receptors from NP-sensitized B lymphocytes are largely devoid of this idiotype. In contrast, the NPb idiotype is expressed on the majority of the receptor fractions which we consider T-cell derived. This finding suggests that the antigen receptors of T lymphocytes may be restricted to the expression of major (germ-line encoded?) heavy chain idiotypes.
Circulating CSF-1 Promotes Monocyte and Macrophage Phenotypes that Enhance Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Julia Menke, Whitney A. Rabacal, Katelyn T. Byrne, Yasunori Iwata, Melvin M. Schwartz, E. Richard Stanley, Andreas Schwarting, Vicki R. Kelley
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Various hedge fund strategies take on equity risk. As a result hedge funds must consider the implications of holding a variety of international equity positions to improve potential risk and return performance.