tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TRAIL Inactivates the Mitotic Checkpoint and Potentiates Death Induced by Microtubule-Targeting Agents in Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Mijin Kim, Jessica Liao, Melissa L. Dowling, K. Ranh Voong, Sharon E. Parker, Shulin Wang, Wafik S. El-Deiry, Gary D. Kao
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted interest as an anticancer treatment, when used in conjunction with standard chemotherapy. We investigated the mechanistic basis for combining low-dose TRAIL with microtubule-targeting agents that invoke the mitotic checkpoint. Treatment of T98G and HCT116 cells with nocodazole alone resulted in a robust mitotic block with initially little cell death; low levels of cell death were also seen with TRAIL alone at 10 ng/mL final concentration. In contrast, the addition of low-dose TRAIL to nocodazole was associated with maximally increased caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activation, which efficiently abrogated the mitotic delay and markedly increased cell death. In contrast, the abrogation of mitotic checkpoint and increased cell death were blocked by inhibitors of caspase-8 and caspase-9 or pan-caspase inhibitor. The addition of TRAIL to either nocodazole or paclitaxel (Taxol) reduced levels of the mitotic checkpoint proteins BubR1 and Bub1. BubR1 mutated for the caspase cleavage sites, but not wild-type BubR1, was resistant to cleavage induced by TRAIL added to nocodazole, and partially blocked the checkpoint abrogation. These results suggest that adding a relatively low concentration of TRAIL to antimicrotubule agents markedly increases complete caspase activation. This in turn accentuates degradation of spindle checkpoint proteins such as BubR1 and Bub1, contributes to abrogation of the mitotic checkpoint, and induces cancer cell death. These results suggest that TRAIL may increase the anticancer efficacy of microtubule-targeting drugs. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3440–9]
Prognostic and Predictive Blood-Based Biomarkers in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Results from CALGB80303 (Alliance)
Authors: Andrew B. Nixon, Herbert Pang, Mark D. Starr, Paula N. Friedman, Monica M. Bertagnolli, Hedy L. Kindler, Richard M. Goldberg, Alan P. Venook, Herbert I. Hurwitz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

CALGB80303 was a phase III trial of 602 patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer comparing gemcitabine/bevacizumab versus gemcitabine/placebo. The study found no benefit in any outcome from the addition of bevacizumab to gemcitabine. Blood samples were collected and multiple angiogenic factors were evaluated and then correlated with clinical outcome in general (prognostic markers) and with benefit specifically from bevacizumab treatment (predictive markers).
Bacterial Meningitis in the United States, 1998–2007
Authors: Michael C. Thigpen, Cynthia G. Whitney, Nancy E. Messonnier, Elizabeth R. Zell, Ruth Lynfield, James L. Hadler, Lee H. Harrison, Monica M. Farley, Arthur Reingold, Nancy M. Bennett, Allen S. Craig, William Schaffner, Ann Thomas, Melissa M. Lewis, Elaine Scallan, Anne Schuchat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The rate of bacterial meningitis declined by 55% in the United States in the early 1990s, when the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine for infants was introduced. More recent prevention measures such as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and universal screening of pregnant women for group B streptococcus (GBS) have further changed the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis.
853 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FAT DROPLET SIZE AND THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF HYALURONIC ACID IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD): A BIOPSY BASED ANALYSIS
Authors: G. Masterton, L.Y.C. Ngoh, A. Lockman, P.C. Hayes, J. Plevris
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Cognitive Experiences Reported by Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder and Axis II Comparison Subjects: A 16-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study
Authors: Mary C. Zanarini, Frances R. Frankenburg, Michelle M. Wedig, Garrett M. Fitzmaurice
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Objective The authors assessed three main types of disturbed cognition: nonpsychotic thought (odd thinking, unusual perceptual experiences, and nondelusional paranoia), quasi-psychotic thought, and true psychotic thought in patients with borderline personality disorder followed prospectively for 16 years. They also compared the rates of these disturbed cognitions with those reported by axis II comparison subjects. Method The cognitive experiences of 362 inpatients (290 borderline patients and 72 axis II comparison subjects) were assessed at study entry using the cognitive section of the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. Participants' cognitive experiences were reassessed every 2 years using the same interview. Results Each of the five main types of thought studied was reported by a significantly higher percentage of patients in the borderline group than in the axis II comparison group over time. Each of these types of thought, except true psychotic thought, declined significantly over time for participants in both groups. Eleven of the 17 more specific forms of thought studied were also reported by a significantly higher percentage of patients in the borderline group over the follow-up period: magical thinking, overvalued ideas, recurrent illusions, depersonalization, derealization, undue suspiciousness, ideas of reference, other paranoid ideation, quasi-psychotic delusions, quasi-psychotic hallucinations, and true psychotic hallucinations. Fourteen specific forms of thought were found to decline significantly over time for participants in both groups: all forms of thought mentioned above except true psychotic hallucinations plus marked superstitiousness, sixth sense, telepathy, and clairvoyance. Conclusions Disturbed cognitions are common in patients with borderline personality disorder and are distinguishing for the disorder. They also decline substantially over time but remain a problem, particularly those of a nonpsychotic nature.
Varicella pneumonia in adults
Authors: A.H. Mohsen, M. McKendrick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Varicella is a common contagious infection in childhood with increasing incidence in adults. Pneumonia, although rare, is the most serious complication that commonly affects adults. Over the last two decades there have been major advances in the understanding of Varicella infections, management and prevention. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pulmonary manifestation, morbidity, long-term clinical consequences and current state of management of Varicella pneumonia in adults. Prevention and other disease-modifying therapy are also discussed.
Hyaluronan decreases peritoneal fluid absorption in peritoneal dialysis.
Authors: T Wang, C Chen, O Heimbürger, J Waniewski, J Bergström, B Lindholm
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Hyaluronan, exhibiting a high resistance against water flow, acts in the tissue as a barrier against rapid changes in water content. To test whether hyaluronan has any effect on the peritoneal fluid and solute transport, and, in particular, on the peritoneal fluid absorption, a 4-h dwell study with an intraperitoneal volume marker (radiolabeled human serum albumin [RISA]) was conducted in 21 male Sprague Dawley rats (three groups, seven rats in each group). Each rat was injected intraperitoneally with 25 ml of 1.36% glucose solution alone (control group), with 0.005% hyaluronan (HA1 group), or with 0.01% hyaluronan (HA2 group). Dialysate and blood samples were taken frequently for analyses of fluid and solute (urea, glucose, and protein) transport. The intraperitoneal volume was calculated from the dilution of RISA with a correction for RISA disappearance from the peritoneal cavity. This study shows that adding hyaluronan to peritoneal dialysis solution significantly (P < 0.01) increased the net peritoneal fluid removal, mainly due to a significant decrease in the peritoneal fluid absorption rate (P < 0.01). The diffusive mass transfer coefficients for glucose, urea, and protein did not differ between the three groups. The peritoneal clearance of urea increased significantly in the two hyaluronan groups compared with the control group, due to the increased net fluid removal in the hyaluronan groups. These results suggest that intraperitoneal administration of hyaluronan during a single peritoneal dialysis exchange may significantly increase the peritoneal fluid and solute removal by decreasing peritoneal fluid absorption.
Instructions on Waking From Anesthesia
Authors: B. A. St. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coexpression of CD4 and CD8 on peripheral blood T cells and lamina propria T cells in inflammatory bowel disease by two colour immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis.
Authors: M Senju, K C Wu, Y R Mahida, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1991)

Using two colour immunofluorescence with fluorescein isothiocyanate and phycoerythrin labelled monoclonal antibodies and multiparameter flow cytometry, we investigated the coexpression of CD4 and CD8 antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and normal control subjects. Both the absolute number and the proportion of peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+ cells in inflammatory bowel disease were small but significantly increased compared with those in normal control subjects. Peripheral blood lymphocytes activated with phytohaemagglutinin showed appreciably increased coexpression of CD4+, CD8+. These CD4, CD8 positive cells were large and granular. Thus the increased number of peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+ cells in inflammatory bowel disease suggests that chronic immune activation occurs not only in the active state of the disease but also in remission. The proportion of CD4+, CD8+ cells in the lamina propria was greater than in peripheral blood in normal subjects, suggesting chronic immune stimulation of the local immune system. This was also seen in patients with Crohn's disease or inactive ulcerative colitis. The proportion of CD4+, CD8+ cells was, however, significantly less in the lamina propria of patients with active ulcerative colitis. Whether this implies a possible defect in mucosal immunoregulation in active ulcerative colitis cannot be determined from these results.
<i>Iroquois</i> Homeodomain Transcription Factors in Heart Development and Function
Authors: Kyoung-Han Kim, Anna Rosen, Benoit G. Bruneau, Chi-chung Hui, Peter H. Backx
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Numerous cardiac transcription factors play overlapping roles in both the specification and proliferation of the cardiac tissues and chambers during heart development. It has become increasingly apparent that cardiac transcription factors also play critical roles in the regulation of expression of many functional genes in the prenatal and postnatal hearts. Accordingly, mutations of cardiac transcription factors cannot only result in congenital heart defects but also alter heart function thereby predisposing to heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias. In this review, we summarize the roles of Iroquois homeobox ( Irx ) family of transcription factors in heart development and function. In all, 6 Irx genes are expressed with distinct and overlapping patterns in the mammalian heart. Studies in several animal models demonstrate that Irx genes are important for the establishment of ventricular chamber properties, the ventricular conduction system, as well as heterogeneity of the ventricular repolarization. The molecular mechanisms by which Irx proteins regulate gene expression and the clinical relevance of Irx functions in the heart are discussed.
Studies of pancreatic alpha cell function in normal and diabetic subjects
Authors: Roger H. Unger, E. Aguilar-Parada, Walter A. Müller, Anna M. Eisentraut
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The development of a glucagon radioimmunoassay with a relatively high degree of specificity for pancreatic glucagon made possible studies of alpha cell function in healthy nondiabetic subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus. In the former group mean fasting plasma glucagon averaged 108 mumug/ml (SEM +/-10). In 12 juvenile-type diabetics fasting glucagon averaged 110 (+/-9) and in 33 adult-type diabetics the average was 114 (+/-8). The diabetic averages did not differ significantly from the nondiabetic subjects; however, when hyperglycemia was induced by glucose infusion in the nondiabetic subjects so as to simulate the fasting hyperglycemia of the diabetics, mean glucagon fell to 57 mumug (+/-8), which was significantly below the diabetic mean. In 28 healthy subjects the infusion of arginine elicited a rise in glucagon of at least 100 mumug/ml with a peak level averaging 331 mumug/ml (+/-22) at 40 min. This response to arginine was diminished but not abolished during hyperglycemia induced by simultaneous glucose infusion. In everyone of 45 diabetic subjects tested the infusion of arginine elicited a rise in glucagon of at least 140 mumug/ml to levels significantly greater than in nondiabetics. The peak glucagon level in juvenile-type diabetics averaged 458 mumug/ml (SEM +/-36) and in adult-type diabetics averaged 452 mumug/ml (SEM +/-38). The glucagon response to arginine was unrelated to duration of diabetes, to body weight, type of diabetic treatment, or to other known factors. Marked hyperresponsiveness of glucagon to arginine infusion was observed in two patients with advanced Kimmelsteil-Wilson disease. Glucagon levels were markedly elevated in certain patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis before treatment with insulin. The findings suggest that alpha cell function is inappropriately increased in diabetes mellitus and could play a significant role in the diabetic syndrome.
The longer-term health outcomes for children born as a result of IVF treatment. Part II-Mental health and development outcomes
Authors: R. Hart, R. J. Norman
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2013)

BACKGROUNDLimited data exist with regard to longer-term mental health and psychological functioning of children born from IVF treatment. With the known adverse perinatal outcome for children born from IVF treatment, it would be expected that there is a negative impact upon their mental development.
Serum type III procollagen and basement membrane proteins as noninvasive markers of hepatic pathology in Indian childhood cirrhosis
Authors: Premila Trivedi, Juha Risteli, Leila Risteli, Stuart M. Tanner, Sheila Bhave, Anand N. Pandit, Alex P. Mowat
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

While serum concentrations of antigens of the aminopropeptide of type III procollagen have been considered as indicators of hepatic pathology in adults, the high concentrations normally found in children during growth may preclude their use in pediatric liver disease. To clarify this and to determine the role of other circulating connective tissue-related substances in children, we have measured serum concentrations of antigens related to aminopropeptide of type III procollagen, the 7S domain of type IV collagen and the P1 fragment of laminin in healthy subjects aged 1 month to 4 yeers and in children with Indian childhood cirrhosis, a particularly aggressive form of liver disease. In healthy subjects, there was a considerable age variation in serum aminopropeptide of type III procollagen but not in 7S collagen or laminin P1. In Indian childhood cirrhosis, all three serum antigens were increased (p &lt; 0.001) above the upper limit of normal for age. Both the serum 7S collagen and laminin P1 concentrations showed a significant correlation with the degree of intralobular fibrosis and also with the severity of necrosis and cellular infiltration, suggesting that these serum antigens may be a noninvasive means of assessing and monitoring events associated with hepatic fibrosis in Indian childhood cirrhosis. The raised serum aminopropeptide of type III procollagen in Indian childhood cirrhosis did not correlate with any histological parameter assessed. Gel filtration of serum showed that, in healthy subjects, the predominant antigenic form of aminopropeptide of type III procollagen was a degradation peptide smaller than authentic aminopropeptide of type III procollagen; while in Indian childhood cirrhosis the authentic peptide and a larger degradation peptide predominated. These findings suggest that, in Indian childhood cirrhosis, serum aminopropeptide of type III procollagen raised above the normally high levels found in children reflect, at least in part, the very rapid hepatic type III collagen synthesis which occurs in this condition.
Sputum culture conversion as a prognostic marker for end-of-treatment outcome in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a secondary analysis of data from two observational cohort studies
Authors: Ekaterina V Kurbatova, J Peter Cegielski, Christian Lienhardt, Rattanawadee Akksilp, Jaime Bayona, Mercedes C Becerra, Janice Caoili, Carmen Contreras, Tracy Dalton, Manfred Danilovits, Olga V Demikhova, Julia Ershova, Victoria M Gammino, Irina Gelmanova, Charles M Heilig, Ruwen Jou, Boris Kazennyy, Salmaan Keshavjee, Hee Jin Kim, Kai Kliiman, Charlotte Kvasnovsky, Vaira Leimane, Carole D Mitnick, Imelda Quelapio, Vija Riekstina, Sarah E Smith, Thelma Tupasi, Martie van der Walt, Irina A Vasilyeva, Laura E Via, Piret Viiklepp, Grigory Volchenkov, Allison Taylor Walker, Melanie Wolfgang, Martin Yagui, Matteo Zignol
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2015)
What is optimized in an optimal path?
Authors: Fraser T. Sparks, Kally C. O'Reilly, John L. Kubie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract An animal confronts numerous challenges when constructing an optimal navigational route. Spatial representations used for path optimization are likely constrained by critical environmental factors that dictate which neural systems control navigation. Multiple coding schemes depend upon their ecological relevance for a particular species, particularly when dealing with the third, or vertical, dimension of space.
Coronary Artery-Atrioventricular Fistula and Ventricular Septal Defect due to Penetrating Wound of the Heart
Authors: ROBERT C. JONES, EDWARD J. JAHNKE
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A patient with an unusual combination of lesions secondary to gunshot wound of the heart is presented. The predominant abnormality was a large fistula between the right coronary artery and the floor of the right atrium. The right coronary also communicated with the cavity of the right ventricle, and there was an associated posttraumatic ventricular septal defect. The presence of an arteriovenous fistula was suspected, based on the presence of a continuous precordial murmur. This diagnosis was confirmed by arteriography. Findings at surgery and the technic of repair are illustrated. Reference is made to three other patients with traumatic communication between the coronary artery and the atrium. Attention is directed to coronary artery atrio-ventricular fistula as another anatomic type of deformity to consider in patients with penetrating wounds of the heart. The probable recurrence of the fistula 3 weeks after what appeared to be a successful repair illustrates one of the problems to consider in evaluating such patients for surgery.
Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Adrian Treloar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Most doctors are familiar with Parkinson's disease, and treatment with levodopa was one of the great and stunning advances of the last century. Much less well understood are associated disorders such as dementia, hallucinations, psychosis and depression, which cause huge morbidity and require active and competent management. Together with cognitive defects, these tend to become more troublesome as the disease progresses. By that stage, management of all aspects of the illness has often passed from the neurologist to a community health team.

I have increasingly felt the need to be expert in the management of Parkinson's disease. Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease is an excellent text that should be helpful not only to old-age psychiatrists such as me but also to general practitioners, community health nurses and neurologists. It puts an evidence base behind many of the things I and my colleagues have had to derive from clinical experience. For example, in the treatment of psychosis, it has long been recognized that parkinsonism more commonly develops with olanzapine than with quetiapine or risperidone. With the advent of atypical antipsychotics there has been a great need for information on best use in patients with Parkinson's disease. Seemingly clozapine has advantages, despite the hazard of neutropenia. In the book there are good discussions on the mechanisms of cognitive impairment and how it relates to age, duration of illness and so on. A breakdown of cognitive deficits into types—e.g. bradyphrenia, visuospatial function, executive function, speech and language—offers a better understanding of the complex pictures we encounter in patients. One surprising omission is drugs for Parkinson's disease dementia and Lewy-body dementia—for which the evidence base is strong. By contrast, depression is well handled, with well based advice on the sort of antidepressant to consider. The book points out that electroconvulsive therapy should not be forgotten; as well as improving depression and psychosis it can lessen the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

It is clear to me that primary care and community health services require sufficient understanding of Parkinson's disease to diagnose and treat its psychiatric manifestations. Starkstein and Merello have provided a much needed text and I strongly recommend it.