tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in intestinal water and electrolyte movement during gut anaphylaxis.
Authors: F H Mourad, L J O'Donnell, E Ogutu, J A Dias, M J Farthing
Journal: Gut (1995)

Exposure of sensitised intestine to specific allergen is known to produce appreciable reduction in water and electrolyte absorption. The mediators participating in this process have not been fully characterised. The effects of the 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, ketanserin and granisetron, respectively, on water movement during intestinal anaphylaxis were studied. Hooded Lister rats (120-150 g) were sensitised to ovalbumen and 14 days later, intestinal water and electrolyte movement was assessed at 10 minute intervals by in situ jejunal perfusion with a plasma electrolyte solution (PES) or PES containing 20 mg/l ovalbumen. Within 20 minutes of exposure to PES+ovalbumen, net water secretion that could be completely prevented by the mast cell stabilising agent doxantrazole occurred compared with absorption with PES alone (median -20 microliters/min/g (interquartile range -43 to -5), n = 11), v (107 (86 to 113), n = 10; p < 0.01). Pre-treatment with subcutaneous ketanserin 200 micrograms/kg (n = 7) or granisetron 300 micrograms/kg (n = 8) partially inhibited the secretory response to PES+ovalbumen (18 (11 to 48) and 13 (6 to 32) respectively; both p < 0.01 compared with PES+ovalbumen control). After 40 minutes perfusion with PES+ovalbumen, the changes in water movement were less pronounced 24 (-3 to 43) and neither ketanserin or granisetron had any effect (ketanserin: 48 (28 to 87), granisetron: 41 (32 to 83); NS). In all experiments, sodium and chloride movement paralleled that of water. Thus, the profound water secretion that occurs in the early stages of intestinal anaphylaxis is partly 5-HT dependent because it can be reversed by 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Other mediators must also be involved, especially in the late phase of anaphylaxis.
Effects of anabolic steroids on diaphragm impairment induced by methylprednisolone in emphysematous hamsters
Authors: R.H.H. van Balkom, P.N.R. Dekhuijzen, H.F.m van der Heijden, H.T.m Folgering, J.A.m Fransen, C.L.a van Herwaarden
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

This study was designed to investigate whether the administration of the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate is able to antagonize the loss in diaphragm function induced by long-term administration of a low-dose of methylprednisolone in emphysematous hamsters. Normal and emphysematous male hamsters were randomized to receive either saline or methylprednisolone 0.2 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) for 9 months, with or without nandrolone decanoate 1 mg x kg(-1) x week(-1) i.m. during the final 3 months. Diaphragm contractile properties and myosin heavy chain composition were determined. Compared to control hamsters, the force generating capacity of isolated diaphragm strips decreased by approximately 12% in the emphysema group and by approximately 22% in the emphysema plus methylprednisolone group. Addition of nandrolone decanoate to the emphysema plus methylprednisolone hamsters significantly improved force generation. The atrophy of type IIa and IIx diaphragm fibres in the emphysema plus methylprednisolone group was completely reversed to the level of control hamsters by the addition of nandrolone decanoate. In conclusion, nandrolone decanoate in part reversed the loss in diaphragm force-generating capacity in emphysematous hamsters treated with methylprednisolone, and reversed type IIa and IIx fibre atrophy completely.
Multicenter Phase II Feasibility Trial of High-Dose Tamoxifen in Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: D. Decaudin, M.-C. Etienne, P. de Cremoux, Z. Maciorowski, J.-M. Vantelon, E. Voog, S. Urien, C. Tran-Perennou, N. Renee, P. Vielh, F. Nemati, P. Pouillart
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)
Detection of measles virus genome in bronchoalveolar lavage cells in a patient with measles pneumonia
Authors: A. Shimizu, O. Tanabe, C. Anzai, K. Uchida, H. Tada, K. Yoshimura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Measles is frequently complicated with pneumonia that could be fatal in numerous occasions. However, a prompt and precise diagnosis of measles is not easily made particularly in the early stage of the disease, or in immunocompromised individuals because of the lack of typical clinical features or the defect in antigen-specific antibody production. In the present paper, we describe a 27-yr-old male who developed fever, skin rash typical of measles, and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates associated with respiratory failure. Infection of lung cells with measles virus was proved by detection of viral genome ribonucleic acid within alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification. These techniques may offer a useful tool to make the swift and precise diagnosis of measles pneumonia, thus allowing appropriate therapeutic approaches to the disease.
To assess the differences in oncological outcomes of patients with pt0 stage after radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy therapy (NAT)
Authors: Vijay Rao Gudla, G.M. Nandwani, N. Shaikh, N. Ragavan, S.K. Addla
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Intraluminal Pressure and Ionic Distribution in the Tail Artery of Rats
Authors: JEAN-PIERRE GUIGNARD, SYDNEY M. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The relationship between changes in perfusion pressure and ionic transfers in the vascular wall has been studied using the rat tail vascular bed perfused at constant flow rate. Perfusion pressure was increased by elevating venous pressure, or by infusing norepinephrine. The ensuing ionic shifts were monitored by means of Na + and K + electrodes. In both instances, the rise in pressure was associated with ionic redistribution measured as a gain in K + and a loss in Na + in the perfusing medium. The increase in pressure showed a close correlation with K + efflux from the vascular wall, and a somewhat more variable correlation with Na + influx. While the qualitative aspect of the ionic transfers was similar in the two conditions, their size differed. It was much larger during a rise in pressure induced by venous back pressure, in which condition the wall tension was also proportionately larger. The occurrence of ionic transfers in response to changes in transmural distending pressure was confirmed in the isolated artery, perfused in situ. It is suggested that vascular tension is directly related to step levels of transmembrane ionic distribution, and that this distribution is regulated by passive stretch.
Ophthalmic services in the NHS
Authors: P J. Bishop
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A 21-year-old man presented with polyuria and polydipsia and was discovered to have diabetes insipidus due to eosinophilic granuloma of the hypothalamus. <sup>18</sup>F FDG-PET/CT for metastatic work-up revealed an intensely FDG avid hypothalamic mass and no other sites of disease.
BINDING OF SOLUBLE IMMUNE COMPLEXES TO HUMAN LYMPHOBLASTOID CELLS
Authors: Argyrios N. Theofilopoulos, Frank J. Dixon, Viktor A. Bokisch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

In the present work we studied the expression of membrane-bound Ig (MBIg) as well as receptors for IgG Fc and complement on nine human lymphoblastoid cell lines. When MBIg and receptors for IgG Fc were compared, four categories of cell lines could be distinguished: (a) cell lines having both MBIg and receptors for IgG Fc, (b) cell lines having MBIg but lacking receptors for IgG Fc, (c) cell lines lacking MBIg but having receptors for IgG Fc, and (d) cell lines lacking both MBIg and receptors for IgG Fc. Two types of receptors for complement could be detected on the cell lines studied, one for C3-C3b and one for C3d. When sensitized red cells carrying C3b or C3d were used for rosette tests, three categories of cell lines could be distinguished: (a) cell lines having receptors for C3b and C3d, (b) cell lines having receptors only for C3d and (c) cell lines lacking both receptors. However, when a more sensitive immunofluorescent method was used instead of the rosette technique, it was found that cell lines unable to form rosettes with EAC1423b(hu) were able to bind soluble C3 or C3b which indicated the presence of these receptors on the cell surface. Inhibition experiments showed that receptors for C3-C3b and receptors for C3d are distinct and that receptors for C3-C3b and C3d are different from receptors for IgG Fc. A cell line (Raji) without MBIg but with receptors for IgG Fc, C3-C3b, and C3d was selected for use in studying the binding mechanism of soluble immune complexes to cell surface membrane. Aggregated human gamma globulin was used in place of immune complexes. Immune complexes containing complement bind to Raji cells only via receptors for complement, namely receptors for C3-C3b and C3d. Binding of immune complexes containing complement to cells is much greater than that of complexes without complement. Immune complexes bound to cells via receptors for complement can be partially released from the cell surface by addition of normal human serum as well as isolated human C3 or C3b. We postulate that such release is due to competition of immune complex bound C3b and free C3 or C3b for the receptors on Raji cells.
Spontaneous digital arteriovenous malformation in a 28-year-old pregnant female
Authors: S. Mcculley, L. Fourie, S.MacDonald Hull
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Spontaneous digital arteriovenous malformation in a 28‐year‐old pregnant female Get access S. Mcculley, S. Mcculley Department of Plastic Surgery, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Fourie, L. Fourie Department of Plastic Surgery, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.MacDonald Hull S.MacDonald Hull Department of Dermatology, Pontefract General Infirmany, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 3, 1 March 1997, Pages 472–473, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb14977.x Published: 01 March 1997
Effectiveness of conventional, low-dose and intermittent oral isotretinoin in the treatment of acne: a randomized, controlled comparative study
Authors: J.W. Lee, K.H. Yoo, K.Y. Park, T.Y. Han, K. Li, S.J. Seo, C.K. Hong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

The efficacy of conventional isotretinoin treatment (0·5-1·0 mg kg⁻¹ daily for 16-32 weeks, reaching a cumulative dose of 120 mg kg⁻¹) for acne has been well established. To date, there are many reports regarding the efficacy of low-dose and intermittent isotretinoin treatment in patients with acne. Data comparing these three therapeutic regimens simultaneously, however, are unavailable.To evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of low-dose and intermittent isotretinoin regimens and to compare them directly with conventional isotretinoin treatment.In this study, 60 patients with moderate acne were enrolled and randomized to receive either isotretinoin at 0·5-0·7 mg kg⁻¹ daily (group A), isotretinoin at 0·25-0·4 mg kg⁻¹ daily (group B) or isotretinoin at 0·5-0·7 mg kg⁻¹ daily for 1 week out of every 4 weeks (group C). The total period of drug administration was 6 weeks in group C, and 24 weeks in groups A and B. Evaluations included global acne grading system (GAGS) scores, lesion counts (inflammatory and noninflammatory), patient satisfaction and side-effects. A 1-year follow-up evaluation after the end of treatment was also performed.Differences in GAGS scores were statistically significant between groups A and C (P < 0·001) and groups B and C (P = 0·044). There was no significant difference between groups A and B. For the number of inflammatory lesions, there were statistically significant differences between groups B and C (P = 0·048) and groups C and A (P = 0·005). There was no significant difference between groups A and B. For the number of noninflammatory lesions, there were statistically significant differences between groups B and C (P = 0·046) and groups C and A (P=0·006). There was no significant difference between groups A and B. These results suggest that the conventional and low-dose regimens have similar efficacy. Intermittent treatment had less effect than either conventional or low-dose treatments. Patient satisfaction was highest in group B (3·76), followed by group C (3·31), then A (3·06), with statistically significant differences between groups A and B (P = 0·003) and groups B and C (P = 0·019) but no significant difference between groups A and C. This result suggests that the low-dose regimen is superior to other regimens (conventional or intermittent) in terms of patient satisfaction. Side-effects were more frequent with conventional treatment compared with low-dose and intermittent treatments. One year after the end of treatment, two of 16 patients relapsed in group A, three of 17 patients relapsed in group B, and nine of 16 patients relapsed in group C.Our study suggests that, when considering tolerability, efficacy and patient satisfaction, low-dose treatment is most suitable for patients with moderate acne.
Combination of Gene Delivery and DNA Vaccination to Protect from and Reverse Th1 Autoimmune Disease via Deviation to the Th2 Pathway
Authors: Hideki Garren, Pedro J Ruiz, Trent A Watkins, Paulo Fontoura, Louis-Vu T Nguyen, Einat R Estline, David L Hirschberg, Lawrence Steinman
Journal: Immunity (2001)
Serum SP-A and SP-D: Different cutoff values for German and Japanese patients to diagnose idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Yasushi Horimasu, Noboru Hattori, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Sonosuke Tanaka, Koji Yoshioka, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Francesco Bonella, Josune Guzman, Ulrich Costabel, Nobuoki Kohno
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D are members of the C-type lectin superfamily. Serum levels of SP-A and SP-D are known to be elevated in patients with various interstitial lung diseases; however, the majority of these data have been obtained in Japanese.

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare serum levels of SP-A and SP-D between the German and Japanese population and to investigate whether SP-A and SP-D could be used as diagnostic biomarkers in German patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs).

Methods: Serum samples were obtained from Germans (110 patients with IIPs and 57 healthy controls) and Japanese (68 patients with IIPs and 100 healthy controls). Serum SP-A and SP-D levels were measured and cutoff values to discriminate IIP patients from healthy subjects were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results: In healthy subjects, serum levels of SP-D were significantly higher in Germans than those in Japanese (63.9±30.4 ng/ml and 40.2±24.4 ng/ml, p<0.001) whereas serum levels of SP-A were not significantly different (32.1±16.9 ng/ml and 27.3±13.3 ng/ml, p=0.100). ROC analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff values to discriminate IIP patients from healthy subjects in Germans and Japanese were 133.5 ng/ml and 103.0 ng/ml for SP-D, and were 38.9 ng/ml and 32.4 ng/ml for SP-A, respectively.

Conclusions: Our data suggest the possibility of SP-A and SP-D to be used as diagnostic biomarkers for IIPs in Germans. Cutoff values to discriminate IIP patients from healthy subjects seem to be different between in Germans and in Japanese, however, further investigations will be required.
Impact of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy on Local Control in Primary Soft-Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremity
Authors: Kaled M. Alektiar, Murray F. Brennan, John H. Healey, Samuel Singer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

One of the concerns about intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is that its tight dose distribution, an advantage in reducing RT morbidity to surrounding normal structures, might compromise tumor coverage. The purpose of this study is to determine if such concern is warranted in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremity.Between 02/02 and 05/05, 41 adult patients with primary STS of the extremity were treated with limb-sparing surgery and adjuvant IMRT. The margins were positive/within 1 mm in 21. Tumor size was more than 10 cm in 68% of patients and grade was high in 83%. Preoperative IMRT was given to 7 patients (50 Gy) and postoperative IMRT (median dose, 63 Gy) was given to 34 patients. Complete gross resection including periosteal stripping/bone resection was required in 11, and neurolysis/nerve resection in 24.With a median follow-up time of 35 months, two (4.8%) of 41 patients developed local recurrence. The 5-year actuarial local control rate was 94% (95% CI, 86% to 100%). The local control rate was also 94% for patients with negative or positive/close margin. Other prognostic factors such as age, size, and grade did not impact local control either. The 5-year distant control rate was 61% (95% CI, 45% to 76%) and the overall survival rate was 64% (95% CI, 45% to 84%).IMRT in STS of the extremity provides excellent local control in a group of patients with high risk features. This suggests that the precision with which IMRT dose is distributed has a beneficiary effect in sparing normal tissue and improving local control.
Second Class Minors
Authors: Hiroeki Sahara, Nilabh Shastri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

CD4 T cells regulate immune responses that cause chronic graft rejection and graft versus host disease but their target antigens remain virtually unknown. We developed a new method to identify CD4 T cell–stimulating antigens. LacZ-inducible CD4 T cells were used as a probe to detect their cognate peptide/MHC II ligand generated in dendritic cells fed with Escherichia coli expressing a library of target cell genes. The murine H46 locus on chromosome 7 was thus found to encode the interleukin 4–induced IL4i1 gene. The IL4i1 precursor contains the HAFVEAIPELQGHV peptide which is presented by Ab major histocompatibility complex class II molecule via an endogenous pathway in professional antigen presenting cells. Both allelic peptides bind Ab and a single alanine to methionine substitution at p2 defines nonself. These results reveal novel features of H loci that regulate CD4 T cell responses as well as provide a general strategy for identifying elusive antigens that elicit CD4 T cell responses to tumors or self-tissues in autoimmunity.
Large vessel involvement in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis: prospective study in 40 newly diagnosed patients using CT angiography
Authors: Sergio Prieto-González, Pedro Arguis, Ana García-Martínez, Georgina Espígol-Frigolé, Itziar Tavera-Bahillo, Montserrat Butjosa, Marcelo Sánchez, José Hernández-Rodríguez, Josep M Grau, Maria C Cid
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Necroscopic and surgical studies have suggested that giant cell arteritis (GCA) may target the aorta and its main branches. Imaging techniques are able to detect large vessel vasculitis (LVV) non-invasively in patients, but the prevalence of LVV in GCA has not been clearly established. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess prospectively the prevalence, characteristics and topography of LVV in patients with newly diagnosed GCA and to determine the associated clinical and laboratory features. <h3>Methods</h3> CT angiography (CTA) was performed in 40 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed biopsy-proven GCA. Patients were treatment-naïve or had been treated with corticosteroids for &lt;3 days. Vessel wall thickness and vessel diameter (dilation or stenoses) at four aortic segments (ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending thoracic and abdominal aorta) and at the main aortic branches were evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> LVV was detected in 27 patients (67.5%). The vessels involved were as follows: aorta (26 patients, 65%), brachiocephalic trunk (19 patients, 47.5%), carotid arteries (14 patients, 35%), subclavian arteries (17 patients, 42.5%), axillary arteries (7 patients, 17.5%), splanchnic arteries (9 patients, 22.5%), renal arteries (3 patients, 7.5%), iliac arteries (6 patients, 15%) and femoral arteries (11 patients, 30%). Dilation of the thoracic aorta was already present in 6 patients (15%). Cranial ischaemic events were significantly less frequent in patients with LVV (p=0.029). Treatment-naïve patients had a higher frequency of LVV (77% vs 29%, p=0.005). <h3>Conclusions</h3> CTA-defined LVV occurs in two-thirds of patients with GCA at the time of diagnosis and aortic dilation is already present in 15%. Previous corticosteroid treatment may decrease CTA-detected LVV.
Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Is Not a Predictor for Restenosis After Elective High-Pressure Coronary Stenting
Authors: Flavio Ribichini, Giuseppe Steffenino, Antonio Dellavalle, Antonello Vado, Valeria Ferrero, Terenzio Camilla, Silvia Giubergia, Eugenio Uslenghi
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Lipoprotein(a) is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Although it has been implicated in restenosis after balloon angioplasty, its role in restenosis within coronary stents is unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the role of plasma lipoprotein(a) as a predictor for restenosis after elective coronary stenting. Methods and Results —Elective, high-pressure stenting of de novo lesions in native coronary arteries with Palmaz-Schatz stents was performed in 325 consecutive patients. Clinical, angiographic, and biochemical data were analyzed prospectively. Angiographic follow-up was performed at 6 months. Lipoprotein(a) levels were compared in patients with and without restenosis. Angiographic follow-up was obtained in 312 patients (96%); recurrence was observed in 67 patients (21.5%). No clinical or biochemical variable was associated with restenosis. Lipoprotein(a) level was 37.81±49.01 mg/dL (median, 22 mg/dL; range, 3 to 262 mg/dL) in restenotic patients and 36.95±40.65 mg/dL (median, 22 mg/dL; range, 0 to 244 mg/dL) in nonrestenotic patients ( P =NS). The correlations between percent diameter stenosis, minimum luminal diameter, and late loss at follow-up angiography and basal lipoprotein(a) plasma level after logarithmic transformation were 0.006, 0.002, and 0.0017, respectively. Multiple stents were associated with a higher incidence of restenosis ( P =0.006), but biochemical data in these patients were similar to those treated with single stents. Conclusions —The basal plasma level of lipoprotein(a) measured before the procedure is not a predictor for restenosis after elective high-pressure coronary stenting.
TERT gene amplification is associated with poor outcome in acral lentiginous melanoma
Authors: Alba Diaz, Joan Anton Puig-Butillé, Concha Muñoz, Dolors Costa, Anna Díez, Adriana Garcia-Herrera, Cristina Carrera, Celia Badenas, Francesc Solé, Josep Malvehy, Susana Puig, Llucia Alos
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Comment re: Sternberg CN, Skoneczna I, Kerst JM, et al. Immediate Versus Deferred Chemotherapy After Radical Cystectomy in Patients with pT3–pT4 or N+ M0 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder (EORTC 30994): An Intergroup, Open-label, Randomised Phase 3 Trial. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:76–86
Authors: Carsten-Henning Ohlmann, Michael Stöckle
Journal: European Urology (2015)