tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of ischaemia and infarction on the metabolism and function of the isolated, perfused rat heart
Authors: A. J. BESTER, E. BAJUSZ, A. LOCHNER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

The long-term effects of left coronary artery occlusion were studied on the metabolism and function of the isolated, perfused rat heart. Metabolic studies indicated anaerobiosis following occlusion, accompanied by a depression in ATP and CrP contents. Myocardial function was significantly depressed within 30 min, but returned to normal after one month.
Evaluation of COPD-6 device for detecting airflow limitation and predicting clinical diagnosis
Authors: Yogesh Thorat, Shweta Rasam, Sundeep Salvi, Rahul Kodgule, Rahul Ramesh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  The ability of COPD-6, a screening tool, to detect obstruction is inadequately studied. The cut-off value of FEV1/FEV6 to detect obstruction in Indian population is not known.   Methods:  Spirometry was performed by a standard spirometer and COPD-6 device in 111 subjects (asthma=69, COPD=18, healthy=24). Sensitivity and specificity of COPD-6 device were studied against standard spirometry and final clinical diagnosis and cut-off for FEV1/FEV6 was obtained by receiver operating characteristic analysis.   Results:  The best estimate for cut-off for FEV1/FEV6 for COPD-6 device was 0.75 which had sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 88% to detect airway obstruction compared to standard spirometer. Sensitivity and specificity for predicting clinical diagnosis of healthy and airway obstruction (asthma/COPD) of standard spirometry and COPD-6 were similar  . COPD-6 measured FEV1 similar to standard spirometer but measured significantly lower FEV6 compared to FVC  .   Conclusion:  FEV1/FEV6 ratio of 0.75 by COPD-6 device can reliably detect airflow limitation in asthma and COPD.
Modeled Economic Evaluation of Alternative Strategies to Reduce Sudden Cardiac Death Among Children Treated for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Peter Denchev, Jonathan R. Kaltman, Michael Schoenbaum, Benedetto Vitiello
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Stimulants are widely used to treat children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and may increase the risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). We examined the cost-effectiveness of pretreatment screening with ECG for reducing SCD risk in children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who are candidates for stimulant medication. Method and Results— We constructed a state-transition Markov model with 10 annual cycles spanning 7 to 17 years of age. Taking a societal perspective, we compared the cost-effectiveness of 3 screening strategies: (1) performing a history and physical examination with cardiology referral if abnormal (current standard of care); (2) performing a history and physical examination plus ECG after negative history and physical examination, with cardiology referral if either is abnormal; and (3) performing a history and physical examination plus ECG, with cardiology referral only if ECG is abnormal. Children identified with SCD-associated cardiac abnormalities would be restricted from stimulants and from playing competitive sports. The expected incremental cost-effectiveness over strategy 1 was $39 300 and $27 200 per quality-adjusted life-year for strategies 2 and 3, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation found that the chance of incremental cost-effectiveness was 55% for strategy 2 and 71% for strategy 3 (willingness to pay ≤$50 000 per quality-adjusted life-year). Both strategies 2 and 3 would avert 13 SCDs per 400 000 children seeking stimulant treatment for ADHD, for a cost of $1.6 million per life for strategy 2 and $1.2 million per life for strategy 3. Conclusions— Relative to current practice, adding ECG screening to history and physical examination pretreatment screening for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder has borderline cost-effectiveness for preventing SCD. Relative cost-effectiveness may be improved by basing cardiology referral on ECG alone. Benefits of ECG screening arise primarily by restricting children identified with SCD risk from competitive sports.
Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibody detection in patients with bronchiectasis without cystic fibrosis
Authors: E Caballero
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Background-Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent cause of infection in patients with bronchiectasis.DiVerentiation between non-infected patients and those with diVerent degrees of P aeruginosa infection could influence the management and prognosis of these patients.The diagnostic usefulness of serum IgG antibodies against P aeruginosa outer membrane proteins was determined in patients with bronchiectasis without cystic fibrosis.Methods-Fifty six patients were classified according to sputum culture into three groups: group A (n=18) with no P aeruginosa in any sample; group B (n=18) with P aeruginosa alternating with other microorganisms; and group C (n=20) with P aeruginosa in all sputum samples.Each patient had at least three sputum cultures in the 6 months prior to serum collection.Detection of antibodies was performed by Western blot and their presence against 20 protein bands (10-121 kd) was assessed.Results-Antibodies to more than four bands in total or to five individual bands (36, 26, 22, 20 or 18 kd) diVerentiated group B from group A, while antibodies to a total of more than eight bands or to 10 individual bands (104, 69, 63, 56, 50, 44, 30, 25, 22, 13 kd) diVerentiated group C from group B. When discordant results between the total number of bands and the frequency of P aeruginosa isolation were obtained, the follow up of patients suggested that the former, in most cases, predicted chronic P aeruginosa colonisation.Conclusion-In patients with bronchiectasis the degree of P aeruginosa infection can be determined by the number and type of outer membrane protein bands indicating which serum antibodies are present.
Mortality and Denial of Admission to an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: William Checkley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

In this issue of the Journal, Robert and colleagues (pp. 1081–1087) present data from a prospective, observational study supporting a higher than expected mortality among patients who were initially denied admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) because of lack of beds (1). Specifically, the authors compared 28-day and 60-day mortality of 1,139 critically ill patients admitted immediately to 10 ICUs in France with 193 patients who were initially denied admission because the unit was full. In multivariable conditional logistic regression, the authors found that the odds of death at 60 days for patients who were initially denied ICU admission but admitted after subsequent referral increased by a factor of 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 3.26; P = 0.04) compared with those who were immediately admitted. The authors used conditional logistic regression to measure the effect of a denied ICU admission on mortality because this model assumes that the baseline odds of death are the same for all patients within each ICU but that these baseline odds may differ between ICUs (2, 3), thus effectively accounting for heterogeneity in mortality across ICUs. Their analysis adjusted for age, previous history of disease, Glasgow Coma Scale score, presence of shock, plasma creatinine >250 μmol/L (>2.9 mg/dl), prothrombin time  10 L/minute of supplemental oxygen. The authors conclude that inappropriate regional ICU bed-to-population ratios lead to unnecessary deaths and call for additional ICU beds and more effective admission policies.
Assessment of reperfusion therapy on regional and global left ventricular function in patients with chronic total coronary artery occlusions
Authors: Cengiz Ermis, Adil Boz, Venkat Tholakanahalli, Selim Yalcinkaya, Ender Semiz, Oktay Sancaktar, Leslie W. Miller, Necmi Deger, David G. Benditt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Antibody orientation at bacterial surfaces is related to invasive infection
Authors: Pontus Nordenfelt, Sofia Waldemarson, Adam Linder, Matthias Mörgelin, Christofer Karlsson, Johan Malmström, Lars Björck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Several of the most significant bacterial pathogens in humans, including Streptococcus pyogenes, express surface proteins that bind IgG antibodies via their fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, and the dogma is that this protects the bacteria against phagocytic killing in blood. However, analysis of samples from a patient with invasive S. pyogenes infection revealed dramatic differences in the presence and orientation of IgG antibodies at the surface of bacteria from different sites. In the throat, IgG was mostly bound to the bacterial surface via Fc, whereas in the blood IgG was mostly bound via fragment antigen-binding (Fab). In infected and necrotic tissue, the Fc-binding proteins were removed from the bacterial surface. Further investigation showed that efficient bacterial IgGFc-binding occurs only in IgG-poor environments, such as saliva. As a consequence, the bacteria are protected against phagocytic killing, whereas in blood plasma where the concentration of IgG is high, the antibodies preferentially bind via Fab, facilitating opsonization and bacterial killing. IgG-poor environments represent the natural habitat for IgGFc-binding bacteria, and IgGFc-binding proteins may have evolved to execute their function in such environments. The lack of protection in plasma also helps to explain why cases of severe invasive infections with IgGFc-binding bacteria are so rare compared with superficial and uncomplicated infections.
Mechanisms of head injuries in elite football
Authors: T E Andersen, Á Árnason, L Engebretsen, R Bahr
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

The aim of this study was to describe, using video analysis, the mechanisms of head injuries and of incidents with a high risk of head injury in elite football.Videotapes and injury information were collected prospectively for 313 of the 409 matches played in the Norwegian (2000 season) and Icelandic (1999 and 2000 season) professional leagues. Video recordings of incidents where a player appeared to be hit in the head and the match was consequently interrupted by the referee were analysed and cross referenced with reports of acute time loss injuries from the team medical staff.The video analysis revealed 192 incidents (18.8 per 1000 player hours). Of the 297 acute injuries reported, 17 (6%) were head injuries, which corresponds to an incidence of 1.7 per 1000 player hours (concussion incidence 0.5 per 1000 player hours). The most common playing action was a heading duel with 112 cases (58%). The body part that hit the injured player's head was the elbow/arm/hand in 79 cases (41%), the head in 62 cases (32%), and the foot in 25 cases (13%). In 67 of the elbow/arm/hand impacts, the upper arm of the player causing the incident was at or above shoulder level, and the arm use was considered to be active in 61 incidents (77%) and intentional in 16 incidents (20%).This study suggests that video analysis provides detailed information about the mechanisms for head injuries in football. The most frequent injury mechanism was elbow to head contact, followed by head to head contact in heading duels. In the majority of the elbow to head incidents, the elbow was used actively at or above shoulder level, and stricter rule enforcement or even changes in the laws of the game concerning elbow use should perhaps be considered, in order to reduce the risk of head injury.
Psychological and Clinical Factors Implicated in Decision Making About a Trial of Low-Dose Tamoxifen in Hormone Replacement Therapy Users
Authors: Gabriella Rondanina, Matteo Puntoni, Gianluca Severi, Clara Varricchio, Anna Zunino, Irene Feroce, Bernardo Bonanni, Andrea Decensi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To assess the sociodemographic, health-related, and psychological factors that influence the decision of women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to participate in a phase III trial of low-dose tamoxifen.Clinical and psychological factors were assessed in 265 women who accepted and 192 women who refused to participate in a proposed trial. Health-related and sociodemographic factors included age, Gail risk, body mass index, education, current HRT use, regular mammographic screening, smoking habit, physical activity, alcohol use, concern about adverse effects, and physician recommendation. Psychological factors included breast cancer-related worry, absolute and comparative cancer risk perception, anxiety, and depression.The most frequent reasons for entry were willingness to participate in a research program (60%), the need/desire to receive frequent medical care (58%), and the desire to contribute to medical knowledge (44%); whereas reasons for refusal included fear of medication abuse (33%), concern about adverse effects (31%), and physician advice against enrollment (24%). In a logistic model, after adjusting for current HRT use, the trial participation was directly associated with satisfaction with clearly explained study objectives (odds ratio [OR] = 9.33; 95% CI, 4.04 to 21.55) and inversely associated with high breast cancer worry (OR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.77) and age > or = 60 years (OR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.73).Participation in a chemoprevention trial among HRT users is associated with a younger age, no breast cancer worry, and satisfaction with health care providers, suggesting a condition of psychological well-being as a promoting factor and emphasizing the importance of thorough counseling at study presentation.
P17.30 * ONCOGENIC EGFRVIII DRIVES PROTOTYPICAL SFK C-SRC ACTIVATION TO PROMOTE GLIOBLASTOMA ANGIOGENESIS
Authors: E. Eskilsson, G. V. Rosland, K. M. Talasila, L. Leiss, H. S. Saed, M. Lund-Johansen, P. Enger, C. Ritter, R. Bjerkvig, H. Miletic
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Displaying both invasive and angiogenic tumor growth, glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized as the most aggressive primary adult brain tumor. And while a number of molecules discerning these growth modalities have been described, the mechanisms driving the pathological growth remain an enigma. Among the most clinically relevant, and perhaps also the most cryptic, is signaling generated by activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. EGFR gene amplification is observed in upwards of 40% of GBM biopsies, and genetic aberration to EGFR at large has been described to occur in excess of 60%. Our lab has developed a clinically relevant in vivo model in which we are able to accurately study EGFR signaling in human GBM. We previously reported that wild-type EGFR amplification and activation promotes invasion and development of GBM independent of angiogenesis. Importantly, detected in half of GBMs harboring EGFR amplification, the most prominent EGFR mutation arises upon deletion of exons 2 through 7 to generate the constitutively active truncation mutant EGFRvIII. Expression analysis in combination with signaling complex immunocapture mass spectrometry motivated our hypothesis that EGFRvIII-mediated signaling is divergent from that of its wild-type counterpart. To investigate this, we performed the following animal experiments in accordance with The Norwegian Animal Research Authority's regulations for animal research. We implanted patient GBM tumor cells stably overexpressing EGFRvIII or oncogenic c-Src into the brains of immunodeficient rats. Compared with corresponding xenograft control tumors, those overexpressing EGFRvIII or oncogenic c-Src were substantially more aggressive. In addition, the tumors displayed increased contrast enhancement on MRI, enhanced histological features of angiogenesis, and upregulation of molecular markers for tumor angiogenesis on western blot. Patient GBM cells stably overexpressing wild-type EGFR, meanwhile, failed to promote angiogenesis and instead contributed to a more infiltrative phenotype consistent with our previous findings. Furthermore, tumors overexpressing EGFRvIII and simultaneously depleted of c-Src using specific shRNA were less aggressive and non-angiogenic. We hereby report evidence that EGFRvIII-driven c-Src protein upreguation and subsequent activation intensifies the malignancy of human GBM by facilitating aggressive tumor growth and promoting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediated angiogenesis. In conclusion, our results suggest that the EGFRvIII-SRC-VEGF pathway represents a meaningful target in the therapeutic intervention of primary GBM.
Cost-Effectiveness of Defibrillator Therapy or Amiodarone in Chronic Stable Heart Failure
Authors: Daniel B. Mark, Charlotte L. Nelson, Kevin J. Anstrom, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Anastasios A. Tsiatis, Patricia A. Cowper, Nancy E. Clapp-Channing, Linda Davidson-Ray, Jeanne E. Poole, George Johnson, Jill Anderson, Kerry L. Lee, Gust H. Bardy
Journal: Circulation (2006)

In the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy significantly reduced all-cause mortality rates compared with medical therapy alone in patients with stable, moderately symptomatic heart failure, whereas amiodarone had no benefit on mortality rates. We examined long-term economic implications of these results.Medical costs were estimated by using hospital billing data and the Medicare Fee Schedule. Our base case cost-effectiveness analysis used empirical clinical and cost data to estimate the lifetime incremental cost of saving an extra life-year with ICD therapy relative to medical therapy alone. At 5 years, the amiodarone arm had a survival rate equivalent to that of the placebo arm and higher costs than the placebo arm. For ICD relative to medical therapy alone, the base case lifetime cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratios (discounted at 3%) were dollar 38,389 per life-year saved (LYS) and dollar 41,530 per quality-adjusted LYS, respectively. A cost-effectiveness ratio < dollar 100,000 was obtained in 99% of 1000 bootstrap repetitions. The cost-effectiveness ratio was sensitive to the amount of extrapolation beyond the empirical 5-year trial data: dollar 127,503 per LYS at 5 years, dollar 88,657 per LYS at 8 years, and dollar 58,510 per LYS at 12 years. Because of a significant interaction between ICD treatment and New York Heart Association class, the cost-effectiveness ratio was dollar 29,872 per LYS for class II, whereas there was incremental cost but no incremental benefit in class III.Prophylactic use of single-lead, shock-only ICD therapy is economically attractive in patients with stable, moderately symptomatic heart failure with an ejection fraction < or = 35%, particularly those in NYHA class II, as long as the benefits of ICD therapy observed in the SCD-HeFT persist for at least 8 years.
Relationship Between Potentially Modifiable Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Second Primary Contralateral Breast Cancer Among Women Diagnosed With Estrogen Receptor–Positive Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Christopher I. Li, Janet R. Daling, Peggy L. Porter, Mei-Tzu C. Tang, Kathleen E. Malone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

An outcome of considerable concern among breast cancer survivors is the development of second primary breast cancer. However, evidence regarding how potentially modifiable lifestyle factors modulate second breast cancer risk is limited. We evaluated the relationships between obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking on risk of second primary invasive contralateral breast cancer among breast cancer survivors.Utilizing a population-based nested case-control study design, we enrolled 365 patients diagnosed with an estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) first primary invasive breast cancer and a second primary contralateral invasive breast cancer, and 726 matched controls diagnosed with only an ER+ first primary invasive breast cancer. Obesity, alcohol use, and smoking data were ascertained from medical record reviews and participant interviews. Using conditional logistic regression we evaluated associations between these three exposures and second primary contralateral breast cancer risk.Obesity, consumption of >or= 7 alcoholic beverages per week, and current smoking were all positively related to risk of contralateral breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.1; OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.2; and OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.0, respectively). Compared with women who consumed fewer than seven alcoholic beverages per week and were never or former smokers, women who consumed >or= 7 drinks per week and were current smokers had a 7.2-fold (95% CI, 1.9 to 26.5) elevated risk of contralateral breast cancer.Our population-based study adds to the limited available literature and suggests that obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption influence contralateral breast cancer risk, affording breast cancer survivors three means of potentially reducing this risk.
Treatment of relapsed CD20+ Hodgkin lymphoma with the monoclonal antibody rituximab is effective and well tolerated: results of a phase 2 trial of the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Ute Rehwald, Holger Schulz, Marcel Reiser, Markus Sieber, Jan Oliver Staak, Franck Morschhauser, Christoph Driessen, Thomas Rüdiger, Konrad Müller-Hermelink, Volker Diehl, Andreas Engert
Journal: Blood (2002)
Suppression of early atherosclerosis in LDL-receptor deficient mice by oral tolerance with $beta;2-glycoprotein I
Authors: J GEORGE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Atherosclerosis is considered analogous to chronic inflammatory diseases. Beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI) is a phospholipid binding protein shown to serve as a target for prothrombotic antiphospholipid antibodies. It has recently been demonstrated to drive an immune mediated reaction and enhance murine atherosclerosis. Oral tolerance is a method in which feeding a given antigen, downregulates the respective immune responses towards it, and attenuates concomitant organ specific disorders. Herein, we tested the hypothesis, that inhibiting cellular immunity to beta 2GPI would result in suppression of fatty streak formation in mice.LDL receptor deficient mice were fed different doses of human or bovine beta 2GPI or BSA and than switched to an atherogenic diet. To determine the effect of feeding on lymph node proliferative indices, separate groups of mice were fed beta 2GPI and then immunized with the respective antigen. Feeding either human or bovine beta 2GPI was effective in attenuating atherosclerosis as compared to control fed animals. Oral feeding with of beta 2GPI inhibited lymph node cell reactivity to beta 2GPI in mice immunized against the human protein. Oral tolerance was also capable of reducing reactivity to oxidized LDL in mice immunized against oxLDL. IL-4 and IL-10 production was upregulated in lymph node cells of beta 2GPI-tolerant mice immunized against beta 2GPI, upon priming with the respective protein.Thus, oral administration of beta 2GPI is an effective means of suppressing atherogenesis in mice and should further be investigated.
MILIA FOLLOWING BULLOUS DERMATITIS
Authors: PETER INMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article MILIA FOLLOWING BULLOUS DERMATITIS Get access PETER INMAN PETER INMAN Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Sunderland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 2, 1 February 1969, Pages 132–133, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15994.x Published: 01 February 1969 Article history Accepted: 20 August 1968 Published: 01 February 1969