tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nitric Oxide Reversibly Inhibits the Migration of Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Rajabrata Sarkar, Eric G. Meinberg, James C. Stanley, David Gordon, R. Clinton Webb
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract Augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) production in vivo decreases lesions in a variety of models of arterial injury, and inhibition of NO synthase exacerbates experimental intimal lesions. Both vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration contribute to lesion formation. Although NO inhibits VSMC proliferation, its effects on VSMC migration are unknown. To test the hypothesis that NO inhibits VSMC migration independent of inhibition of proliferation, we examined migration of rat aortic VSMCs after wounding of a confluent culture in the presence of chemical donors of NO. Hydroxyurea was used to eliminate any confounding effect of NO on proliferation. Three NO donors, diethylamine NONOate, spermine NONOate, and S -nitrosoglutathione, exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of both number of migrating VSMCs and maximal distance migrated. Inhibition of migration was also seen with 8-Br-cGMP, suggesting that activation of guanylate cyclase may play a role in mediating the antimigratory effects of NO. Migration resumed after removal of NO donors, as evidenced by an increase in distance migrated. Measurement of VSMC protein synthesis and mitochondrial respiration indicated that inhibition of migration by NO donors was not due to metabolic cytostasis. These findings indicate that NO reversibly inhibits VSMC migration independent of proliferation or cytotoxicity, a novel mechanism by which both endogenous and pharmacological NO may alter vascular pathology.
Safety and efficacy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS
Authors: Margaret A Fischl, Gordon Dickinson, L. La Voie
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The safety and efficacy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were evaluated. Sixty patients with a new diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma and no history of opportunistic infections were randomly assigned to receive 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim twice per day or no therapy. None of the 30 patients receiving sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim developed P carinii pneumonia. Sixteen of the 30 patients receiving no suppressive therapy developed P carinii pneumonia. Development of P carinii pneumonia was associated with the stage of Kaposi's sarcoma, B subtype disease, and the presence of 0.20 X 10(9)/L (200/mm3) or fewer CD4 cells at study entry. The proportion of patients surviving and the mean length of survival were significantly greater in the treatment group compared with the control group. Adverse reactions occurred in 15 patients (50%).
EGF amplifies the replacement of parvalbumin-expressing striatal interneurons after ischemia
Authors: Tetsuyuki Teramoto, Jianhua Qiu, Jean-Christophe Plumier, Michael A. Moskowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

EGF promotes proliferation and migration of stem/progenitor cells in the normal adult brain. The effect of epidermal growth factor on neurogenesis in ischemic brain is unknown, however. Here we show that intraventricular administration of EGF and albumin augments 100-fold neuronal replacement in the injured adult mouse striatum after cerebral ischemia. Newly born immature neurons migrate into the ischemic lesion and differentiate into mature parvalbumin-expressing neurons, replacing more than 20% of the interneurons lost by 13 weeks after ischemia and representing 2% of the total BrdU-labeled cells. These data suggest that administration of EGF and albumin could be used to manipulate endogenous neurogenesis in the injured brain and to promote brain self-repair.
Lifting the smokescreen
Authors: J. Britton, F. Godfrey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

vidence on the health effects of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke was first published in 1974 [1].Since then, over 20 independent reports published by a range of organisations, ranging from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) [2], the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [3] and the German Maximale Arbeitsplatz Konzentration (MAK) Commission [4], have confirmed that exposure to second-hand smoke causes a range of chronic and fatal conditions, including ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Whilst the magnitude of risk is small, the exposure of nonsmokers to second-hand smoke in Europe is widespread and, therefore, the potential harm is considerable.In recent years, this growing level of irrefutable evidence has prompted health organisations to call for ever greater restrictions on smoking in work and public places.Legislation restricting smoking was introduced in several European countries in the early 1980s and 1990s, but European governments have been slow to recognise the full extent of the health problems caused by second-hand smoke.It was not until the state of California (USA), and then New York, moved towards the introduction of comprehensive legislation banning smoking in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants in 1998 and 2003, respectively, that Europe took real notice.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a New Tuberculosis Vaccine, MVA85A, in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>–infected Individuals
Authors: Clare R. Sander, Ansar A. Pathan, Natalie E. R. Beveridge, Ian Poulton, Angela Minassian, Nicola Alder, Johan Van Wijgerden, Adrian V. S. Hill, Fergus V. Gleeson, Robert J. O. Davies, Geoffrey Pasvol, Helen McShane
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

An effective new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine regimen must be safe in individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) and is a priority for global health care.To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a leading new TB vaccine, recombinant Modified Vaccinia Ankara expressing Antigen 85A (MVA85A) in individuals with LTBI.An open-label, phase I trial of MVA85A was performed in 12 subjects with LTBI recruited from TB contact clinics in Oxford and London or by poster advertisements in Oxford hospitals. Patients were assessed clinically and had blood samples drawn for immunological analysis over a 52-week period after vaccination with MVA85A. Thoracic computed tomography scans were performed at baseline and at 10 weeks after vaccination. Safety of MVA85A was assessed by clinical, radiological, and inflammatory markers. The immunogenicity of MVA85A was assessed by IFNgamma and IL-2 ELISpot assays and FACS.MVA85A was safe in subjects with LTBI, with comparable adverse events to previous trials of MVA85A. There were no clinically significant changes in inflammatory markers or thoracic computed tomography scans after vaccination. MVA85A induced a strong antigen-specific IFN-gamma and IL-2 response that was durable for 52 weeks. The magnitude of IFN-gamma response was comparable to previous trials of MVA85A in bacillus Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated individuals. Antigen 85A-specific polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells were detectable prior to vaccination with statistically significant increases in cell numbers after vaccination.MVA85A is safe and highly immunogenic in individuals with LTBI. These results will facilitate further trials in TB-endemic areas. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00456183).
Favorable prognostic significance of CEBPA mutations in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a study from the Acute Leukemia French Association (ALFA)
Authors: Claude Preudhomme, Christophe Sagot, Nicolas Boissel, Jean-Michel Cayuela, Isabelle Tigaud, Stéphane de Botton, Xavier Thomas, Emmanuel Raffoux, Charlotte Lamandin, Sylvie Castaigne, Pierre Fenaux, Hervé Dombret
Journal: Blood (2002)
James R. Gavin III, MD, PhD—A Humble and Remarkable Trailblazer, Scientist, Advocate, Mentor, and Educator for Diabetes
Authors: Kwame Osei, Sherita Hill Golden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

James Raphael Gavin III, MD, PhD, represents the quintessential scientist, educator, trailblazer, and type of leader most people aspire to become. The breadth and depth of his contributions to the scientific and medical community in the area of diabetes are unparalleled, while his passion has pushed him to unprecedented heights in American medicine. His original research as a young investigator at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has greatly contributed to our understanding of insulin receptor binding and function. This factor advanced the understanding of the mechanism of insulin resistance and the role of hyperinsulinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes. These observations have become the pathophysiologic hallmarks of both diseases.

James R. Gavin III was born 23 November 1945 in Mobile, Alabama, the fourth of James R. Gavin II and Bessie Smoke Gavin’s seven children. Gavin’s father worked for the shipbuilding company in Mobile doing welding and sandblasting, and he eventually became a self-made chemist.

As a child Gavin played sports and “went to church a lot.” Because he was a precocious child and easily bored with kindergarten, he started public school at an early age, attending segregated public schools (in Mobile). “[I] had the most fantastic teachers and educational experience at all levels, including opportunities to pursue a number of extracurricular activities,” said Gavin. One particular highlight was meeting Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. As a high school freshman, he was selected to give the Gettysburg Address at the annual Emancipation Proclamation celebration in Mobile, where Dr. King was the keynote speaker. Gavin said, “I sat mesmerized behind him as he spoke for almost 90 minutes in spellbinding fashion, without a single note! I will always remember that event and always cherish that he leaned over …
Understanding Drug Effects in Older People: The Role of Pharmacology
Authors: Danijela Gnjidic, Nicholas Wilson, Sarah N. Hilmer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
A painful hip
Authors: Philip J O'Connor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

the patient A previously fit and well 86 year old man presented with acute pain in the left hip after a fall.He had no medical history of note.Hip movement was painful on examination, but no deformity or diagnostic features were present.No fractures were seen on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the hip (fig 1). What test do i order?Only 1% of all fractured necks of femur are radiographically occult, 1 but this figure is higher in selected study groups. 2 3Patients have undisplaced fractures at presentation, and they can be identified with a variety of approaches.
SOCS-1 Participates in Negative Regulation of LPS Responses
Authors: Reiko Nakagawa, Tetsuji Naka, Hiroko Tsutsui, Minoru Fujimoto, Akihiro Kimura, Tatsuo Abe, Ekihiro Seki, Shintaro Sato, Osamu Takeuchi, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Koichi Yamanishi, Ichirou Kawase, Kenji Nakanishi, Tadamitsu Kishimoto
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms
Authors: Roy K. Greenberg, Bruce Lytle
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Morbidity and mortality after conventional repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms remain high. Alternative techniques have been proposed and are the subject of this report.Endovascular grafts that have a means of incorporating the visceral vessels into the aortic repair were divided into devices with fenestrations and those with formal branches. Hybrid procedures whereby an extra-anatomic bypass procedure is used to provide inflow to the renal and mesenteric arteries followed by aortic relining with stent grafts were reviewed and tabulated. A description of the techniques and review of the current results are provided. Only 4 series with >10 cases of hybrid procedures have been published. The experience with such a procedure suggests feasibility, but most reports describe a persistently high risk of mortality (up to 25%). Larger series of fenestrated stent grafts to treat juxtarenal aneurysms have been published, and intermediate-term results confirm the safety and efficacy of the procedure. A larger multicenter trial is under way. Other pure endovascular methods have been used to treat thoracoabdominal aneurysms with both reinforced fenestrations and directional branches. Without counting small series (<10 cases), 2 series exist with approximately 100 cases that noted perioperative mortality rates between 3% and 6%, without evidence of late ruptures.Endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms is feasible and is associated with relatively low perioperative mortality. Several methods of visceral vessel incorporation have been described. Because of persistently high mortality, hybrid procedures will likely be relegated to nonsurgical and nonendovascular patients with sizable aneurysms. Endografts with branches continue to evolve and will be assessed in the context of clinical trials.
Treatment outcome and patterns of relapse following adjuvant carboplatin for stage I testicular seminomatous germ-cell tumour: results from a 17-year UK experience
Authors: C. Chau, R. Cathomas, M. Wheater, D. Klingbiel, M. Fehr, J. Bennett, H. Markham, C. Lee, S.J. Crabb, T. Geldart
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Phase I study of 3′-deamino-3′-(2-methoxy-4-morpholinyl)doxorubicin (FCE 23762, PNU 152243) administered on a daily ×3 schedule
Authors: M.J. Ratain, L.A. Skoog, S.M. O'Brien, N. Cooper, R.L. Schilsky, B. Vogelzang, M. Gerber, P.K. Narang, S.J. Nicol
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Effects of mediastinal irradiation on oesophageal function.
Authors: E Yeoh, R H Holloway, A Russo, M Tippett, H Bermingham, B Chatterton, M Horowitz
Journal: Gut (1996)

Although it is well recognised that oesophageal symptoms are common during therapeutic mediastinal irradiation of intrathoracic malignant diseases, the effects of mediastinal irradiation on oesophageal function are poorly defined. To clarify the pathogenesis of these sequelae a prospective study was performed to document comprehensively the effects of mediastinal irradiation on oesophageal function. Oesophageal symptoms, barium swallow, endoscopy, and combined radionuclide scintigraphy and oesophageal manometry were evaluated in eight patients with potentially curable intrathoracic malignant disease before treatment, during the last week of mediastinal irradiation, and six to eight weeks after its completion. Before irradiation, structural abnormalities were excluded by barium swallow and endoscopy. All but one patient experienced odynophagia or dysphagia, or both, during mediastinal irradiation (p < 0.001) but endoscopic abnormalities were observed in only three patients and there was no correlation between oesophageal symptoms and endoscopic changes. Irradiation, however, had no significant effect on oesophageal motility or transit. It is concluded that oesophageal symptoms which develop during mediastinal irradiation are not a result of altered oesophageal motility or transit and may reflect increased mucosal sensitivity.
The Microanatomic Location of Metastatic Melanoma in Sentinel Lymph Nodes Predicts Nonsentinel Lymph Node Involvement
Authors: D.J. Dewar, B. Newell, M.A. Green, A.P. Topping, B.W.E.M. Powell, M.G. Cook
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Sentinel node biopsy is now widely accepted as the most accurate prognostic indicator in melanoma, and is important in guiding management of patients with clinical stage I or II disease. Patients with a positive sentinel node have conventionally undergone completion lymphadenectomy (CLND) of the involved basin, but only 20% have involvement beyond the sentinel node, suggesting that CLND may be unnecessary for the other 80% of patients. This study seeks to identify criteria that might be used to be more restrictive in selecting those who should undergo CLND.A total of 146 patients were identified who had had a positive sentinel node biopsy for malignant melanoma. Their sentinel nodes and lymphadenectomy specimens were re-evaluated pathologically. The metastatic melanoma in each sentinel node was assessed according to its microanatomic location within the node (subcapsular, combined subcapsular and parenchymal, parenchymal, multifocal, or extensive), and this was correlated with the presence of involved nonsentinel nodes in the CLND. The depth of the metastases from the sentinel node capsule was also recorded.The metastatic deposits in the sentinel node were subcapsular in 26.0% of patients. None of these patients had any nonsentinel nodes involved on CLND. In the patients whose sentinel node metastases had a different microanatomic location, the rate of nonsentinel node involvement was 22.2% overall.The microanatomic location of metastases within sentinel nodes predicts nonsentinel lymph node involvement. In patients with only subcapsular deposits in the sentinel node, it is possible that CLND could safely be avoided.
The Epidemiology of Lower-Extremity Disease in Veterans With Diabetes
Authors: Jennifer A. Mayfield, Gayle E. Reiber, Charles Maynard, Joseph Czerniecki, Bruce Sangeorzan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To describe the epidemiology of lower-extremity complications of diabetes in veterans who are users of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Hospital discharge records for care provided in all VA hospitals in 1998 were obtained. All hospitalizations for lower-extremity ulceration, peripheral vascular procedures, and amputation were analyzed using frequency tables. A diabetes denominator was defined as a veteran with at least three ambulatory care visits with at least one diabetes diagnosis code. Age-specific and total age-adjusted rates of discharge with ulceration, vascular procedures, and amputation were calculated. RESULTS—Veterans with diabetes comprised over half of all hospitalizations for lower-extremity ulceration, one-third of all hospitalizations for peripheral vascular procedures, and two-thirds of all hospitalizations for amputation. The age-specific discharge rate per 1,000 diabetic persons for age 0–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and older for ulceration were 28.4, 31.0, and 37.9; for vascular procedures, the rates were 3.5, 4.4, and 4.4; and for amputation, the rates were 7.3, 9.0, and 10.0, respectively. CONCLUSIONS—Veterans with diabetes comprise a significant proportion of hospitalizations for lower-extremity ulceration, peripheral vascular bypass, and amputation. Age-specific rates of diabetic amputation in veterans are lower than U.S. rates.
Haemophilus aphrophilus: a rare pathogen in vertebral osteomyelitis.
Authors: F A Houssiau, J P Huaux, C Nagant de Deuxchaisnes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

A case of vertebral osteomyelitis due to Haemophilus aphrophilus is presented. We review the clinical and bacteriological findings and emphasise the need for careful bacteriological investigation. To the best of our knowledge this is the second reported case of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by this rarely recognised pathogen.
Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses self-renewal and induces radiation sensitivity in atypical rhabdoid teratoid tumor cells
Authors: Irina Alimova, Diane K. Birks, Peter S. Harris, Jeffrey A. Knipstein, Sujatha Venkataraman, Victor E. Marquez, Nicholas K. Foreman,, Rajeev Vibhakar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

Overexpression of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) subunit Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2) occurs in several malignancies, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, medulloblastoma, and glioblastoma multiforme. Recent evidence suggests that EZH2 may also have a role in rhabdoid tumors. Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare, high-grade embryonal brain tumor that occurs most commonly in young children and carries a very poor prognosis. ATRTs are characterized by absence of the chromatin remodeling protein SMARCB1. Given the role of EZH2 in regulating epigenetic changes, we investigated the role of EZH2 in ATRT.Microarray analysis was used to evaluate expression of EZH2 in ATRT tumor samples. We used shRNA and a chemical inhibitor of EZH2 to examine the impact of EZH2 inhibition on cell growth, proliferation, and tumor cell self-renewal.Here, we show that targeted disruption of EZH2 by RNAi or pharmacologic inhibition strongly impairs ATRT cell growth, suppresses tumor cell self-renewal, induces apoptosis, and potently sensitizes these cells to radiation. Using functional analysis of transcription factor activity, we found the cyclin D1-E2F axis to be repressed after EZH2 depletion in ATRT cells.Our observations provide evidence that EZH2 disruption alters cell cycle progression and may be an important new therapeutic target, particularly in combination with radiation, in ATRT.
Sleep-related breathing disorders: impact on mortality of cerebrovascular disease
Authors: O. Parra, A. Arboix, J.M. Montserrat, L. Quintó, S. Bechich, L. García-Eroles
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of sleep-related breathing disorders in a 2‐yr survival follow-up of patients with a first ever stroke or transient ischaemic attack. The study followed 161 patients. Complete neurological assessment was performed in order to determine cerebrovascular risk factors, functional disability, and parenchymatous and vascular localisation, as well as stroke subtype categorisation. A sleep study was carried out using a portable respiratory recording device. The entire cohort was followed over a mean period of 22.8 months. The main outcome event was death and time of survival since the neurological event. A multivariate Cox's model was estimated. The patients were ages 72±9 yrs (mean±sd), and had a body mass index of 26.6±3.9 kg·m −2 and apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) of 21.2±15.7. Overall, mortality occurred in 22 cases, and the survival rate was 86.3%. Vascular disease accounted for 63.6% of deaths. Multivariate analysis selected four independent variables associated with mortality: 1) age; 2) AHI, with an implied 5% increase in mortality risk for each additional unit of AHI; 3) involvement of the middle cerebral artery; and 4) the presence of coronary disease. In conclusion, the findings suggest that sleep-related breathing disorders are an independent prognostic factor related to mortality after a first episode of stroke.