tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glioblastoma Multiforme Metastastic to the Bone
Authors: Thorsten Derlin, Till Sebastian Clauditz, Peter Bannas
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Extracranial metastases from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are rare. We report a case of osseous metastases from GBM diagnosed by F-NaF PET/CT. A 30-year-old man with a history of GBM presented with bone pain and underwent F-NaF PET/CT for further evaluation. On PET/CT, intense uptake in 2 bone lesions was noted. Histopathologic evaluation revealed osseous metastases from GBM. Although rare, bone metastases have to be considered in patients with axial tumors and atraumatic bone pain. F-NaF PET/CT is a highly sensitive and valuable tool for detection of osseous metastases.
Treatment of Labial Herpes
Authors: G. Robert Nugent
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  This letter presents preliminary information concerning a treatment of labial herpes simplex, by the topical application of ethyl ether, which has been found to consistently abort the eruptions of this lesion. We believe that the breadth of this problem justifies this pronouncement even though the series is small and somewhat personal. This painful, disfiguring, and demoralizing affliction is a recurring plague of mankind. The proposed treatment has offered the first reprieve in memory to one of the writers and immediate relief to several others in whom it has been used.  As an ether-sensitive virus, the envelope of the herpes simplex virus may be removed or the remainder of the viral structure so altered by ether that the particle becomes vulnerable to the natural host defense mechanisms. This is probably the mode of action of this agent. Chloroform has a similar effect on the virus and can be
Randomised controlled trial of community based speech and language therapy in preschool children
Authors: M. Glogowska
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To compare routine speech and language therapy in preschool children with delayed speech and language against 12 months of "watchful waiting." <b>Design:</b> Pragmatic randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> 16 community clinics in Bristol. <b>Participants:</b> 159 preschool children with appreciable speech or language difficulties who fulfilled criteria for admission to speech and language therapy. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Four quantitative measures of speech and language, assessed at 6 and 12 months; a binary variable indicating improvement, by 12 months, on the trial entry criterion. <b>Results:</b> Improvement in auditory comprehension was significant in favour of therapy (adjusted difference in means 4.1, 95% confidence interval 0.5 to 7.6; P=0.025). No significant differences were observed for expressive language (1.4, −2.1 to 4.8; P=0.44); phonology error rate (−4.4, −12.0 to 3.3; P=0.26); language development (0.1, −0.4 to 0.6; P=0.73); or improvement on entry criterion (odds ratio 1.3, 0.67 to 2.4; P=0.46). At the end of the trial, 70% of all children still had substantial speech and language deficits. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study provides little evidence for the effectiveness of speech and language therapy compared with watchful waiting over 12 months. Providers of speech and language therapy should reconsider the appropriateness, timing, nature, and intensity of such therapy in preschool children. Continued research into more specific provision to subgroups of children is also needed to identify better treatment methods. The lack of resolution of difficulties for most of the children suggests that further research is needed to identify effective ways of helping this population of children.
Workgroup Report: Workshop on Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter Health Effects—Intercomparison of Results and Implications
Authors: George D. Thurston, Kazuhiko Ito, Therese Mar, William F. Christensen, Delbert J. Eatough, Ronald C. Henry, Eugene Kim, Francine Laden, Ramona Lall, Timothy V. Larson, Hao Liu, Lucas Neas, Joseph Pinto, Matthias Stölzel, Helen Suh, Philip K. Hopke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Although the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and human mortality is well established, the most responsible particle types/sources are not yet certain. In May 2003, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Particulate Matter Centers Program sponsored the Workshop on the Source Apportionment of PM Health Effects. The goal was to evaluate the consistency of the various source apportionment methods in assessing source contributions to daily PM2.5 mass–mortality associations. Seven research institutions, using varying methods, participated in the estimation of source apportionments of PM2.5 mass samples collected in Washington, DC, and Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Apportionments were evaluated for their respective associations with mortality using Poisson regressions, allowing a comparative assessment of the extent to which variations in the apportionments contributed to variability in the source-specific mortality results. The various research groups generally identified the same major source types, each with similar elemental makeups. Intergroup correlation analyses indicated that soil-, sulfate-, residual oil-, and salt-associated mass were most unambiguously identified by various methods, whereas vegetative burning and traffic were less consistent. Aggregate source-specific mortality relative risk (RR) estimate confidence intervals overlapped each other, but the sulfate-related PM2.5 component was most consistently significant across analyses in these cities. Analyses indicated that source types were a significant predictor of RR, whereas apportionment group differences were not. Variations in the source apportionments added only some 15% to the mortality regression uncertainties. These results provide supportive evidence that existing PM2.5 source apportionment methods can be used to derive reliable insights into the source components that contribute to PM2.5 health effects.
Do tumor-suppressive mechanisms contribute to organism aging by inducing stem cell senescence?
Authors: Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Stem/progenitor cells ensure tissue and organism homeostasis and might represent a frequent target of transformation. Although these cells are potentially immortal, their life span is restrained by signaling pathways (p19-p53; p16-Rb) that are activated by DNA damage (telomere dysfunction, environmental stresses) and lead to senescence or apoptosis. Execution of these checkpoint programs might lead to stem cell depletion and organism aging, while their inactivation contributes to tumor formation.
Prolonged lymphocytosis during ibrutinib therapy is associated with distinct molecular characteristics and does not indicate a suboptimal response to therapy
Authors: Jennifer A. Woyach, Kelly Smucker, Lisa L. Smith, Arletta Lozanski, Yiming Zhong, Amy S. Ruppert, David Lucas, Katie Williams, Weiqiang Zhao, Laura Rassenti, Emanuela Ghia, Thomas J. Kipps, Rose Mantel, Jeffrey Jones, Joseph Flynn, Kami Maddocks, Susan O’Brien, Richard R. Furman, Danelle F. James, Fong Clow, Gerard Lozanski, Amy J. Johnson, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2014)
Cost-Utility Analysis of Primary Prophylaxis Versus Secondary Prophylaxis With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Elderly Patients With Diffuse Aggressive Lymphoma Receiving Curative-Intent Chemotherapy
Authors: Kelvin K.W. Chan, Eric Siu, Murray D. Krahn, Kevin Imrie, Shabbir M.H. Alibhai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose The 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guideline recommended primary prophylaxis (PP) with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) instead of secondary prophylaxis (SP) for elderly patients with diffuse aggressive lymphoma receiving chemotherapy. We examined the cost-effectiveness of PP when compared with SP. Methods We conducted a cost-utility analysis to compare PP to SP for diffuse aggressive lymphoma. We used a Markov model with an eight-cycle chemotherapy time horizon with a government-payer perspective and Ontario health, economic, and cost data. Data for efficacies of G-CSF, probabilities, and utilities were obtained from published literature. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was conducted. Results The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of PP to SP was $700,500 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). One-way sensitivity analyses (willingness-to-pay threshold = $100,000/QALY) showed that if PP were to be cost-effective, the cost of hospitalization for febrile neutropenia (FN) had to be more than $31,138 (2.5 × &gt; base case), the cost of G-CSF per cycle less than $960 (base case = $1,960), the risk of first-cycle FN more than 47% (base case = 24%), or the relative risk reduction of FN with G-CSF more than 91% (base case = 41%). Our result was robust to all variables. PSA revealed a 10% probability of PP being cost-effective over SP at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Conclusion PP is not cost-effective when compared with SP in this population. PP becomes attractive only if the cost of hospitalization for FN is significantly higher or the cost of G-CSF is significantly lower.
Systematic Review: Hydroxyurea for the Treatment of Adults with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Sophie Lanzkron, John J. Strouse, Renee Wilson, Mary Catherine Beach, Carlton Haywood, HaeSong Park, Catherine Witkop, Eric B. Bass, Jodi B. Segal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Hydroxyurea is the only approved drug for treatment of sickle cell disease.
Autoantibodies to citrullinated fibrinogen compared with anti-MCV and anti-CCP2 antibodies in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis at an early stage: data from the French ESPOIR cohort
Authors: Pascale Nicaise-Roland, Leonor Nogueira, Christophe Demattei, Luc de Chaisemartin, Nathalie Rincheval, Martin Cornillet, Sabine Grootenboer-Mignot, Philippe Dieudé, Maxime Dougados, Alain Cantagrel, Olivier Meyer, Guy Serre, Sylvie Chollet-Martin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

To compare the performance of anticitrullinated peptides/protein antibodies (ACPA) detected by three immunoassays in the French ESPOIR cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and undifferentiated arthritis (UA) and to study the relationship between ACPA and disease activity. A diagnosis of RA (1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria) was established at baseline in 497 patients and after a 2-year follow-up in 592 patients. At baseline, antibodies to citrullinated fibrinogen (AhFibA), antimutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) and anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP2) were assayed and the individual and combined diagnostic sensitivities and predictive values of the tests were determined. Relationships between ACPA positivity and the 28-joint disease activity score and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores were analysed. At a diagnostic specificity of at least 98%, the three tests exhibited similar diagnostic sensitivities (47-48.5%). When considering as positive patients with at least one positive test, the sensitivity increased to 53.5% with a probable loss of specificity. Among the patients classified as having UA at baseline, 30% were positive for one ACPA, the positive predictive values for RA of the three tests ranging from 73% to 80% but increasing when two tests were associated. Whatever the test used, the addition of ACPA positivity to the 1987 criteria enhanced their sensitivity by 6%, close to that of the 2010 ACR/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria. In early arthritis, AhFibA, anti-MCV and anti-CCP2 showed similar diagnostic sensitivity with a high diagnostic specificity and a similar high positive predictive value for RA. Adding ACPA to the 1987 ACR criteria significantly increased the number of patients classified as having RA, confirming the validity of the recent inclusion of the serological criterion in the ACR/EULAR criteria.
Kremezin (AST-120) Delays the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hiroyuki Shimizu, Shuichi Okada, Oh-I Shinsuke, Masatomo Mori
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

lial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) belongs to the neurotrophic factor family.GDNF functions are not restricted to neurons but are also implicated in glial cell development (1).We observed high expression levels of GDNF receptor family ␣-component 2 (GFR␣2) in epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), indicating the involvement of GFR␣2 in ERM formation in PDR (2).Here, we examined the vitreous of patients with PDR for the presence of GDNF.We assayed GDNF levels in vitreous and serum samples from 75 consecutive patients with PDR (54 patients) and macular hole (nondiabetic control subjects, 21 patients) who underwent vitrectomy.PDR was classified as active (33 patients) when there were perfused, multibranching iridic or preretinal capillaries and as quiescent (21 patients) when only large vessel or fibrosis was present.Informed consent was obtained from each patient.Undiluted vitreous samples were obtained during the vitrectomy before intraocular infusion.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine GDNF level using a commercially available immunoassay kit (Promega, Madison, WI).Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare GDNF levels.GDNF was undetectable in all the serum samples examined.Intravitreous GDNF level was significantly higher in the PDR patients (means Ϯ SD: 156.1 Ϯ 221.0 pg/ml) than in the control subjects (26.5 Ϯ 53.2 pg/ml) (P ϭ 0.0042).Intravitreous GDNF level was significantly higher in active PDR (206.0Ϯ 250.7 pg/ ml) than in quiescent PDR (77.7 Ϯ 135.5 pg/ml) (P ϭ 0.0388).Glial cells are one of the main components of ERMs.Our previous study (2) showed that GFR␣2 mRNA expression level is significantly higher in PDR ERMs than in idiopathic ERMs, and this high expression level is specific for GFR␣2 among neurotrophin receptors.GFR␣2 protein is detected in the glial component of PDR ERMs.These results suggest that GDNF is involved in the formation of the glial cell component of PDR ERMs.Results of the present study support this suggestion.Because GDNF increases basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) production in Mu ¨ller cells (3), released bFGF may stimulate endothelial proliferation.In this study, GDNF was undetectable in the serum samples.It is suggested that the increased level of vitreous GDNF in PDR reflects intraocular GDNF production but not breakdown of the bloodretina barrier.In conclusion, intravitreous GDNF level increased in PDR and was associated with the activity of PDR.These results suggest that GDNF is involved in the pathogenesis of PDR.
Poster session 7. Clinical Studies - non-phase 1
Authors: C. Le Tourneau, M. Kamal, O. Tredan, C. Gomez-Roca, M. Campone, A. Goncalves, N. Isambert, C. Gavoille, D. Gentien, N. Servant, T. Rio Frio, X. Paoletti, J. R. Diamond, A. C. Tan, T. M. Pitts, A. van Bokhoven, D. Aisner, A. D. Elias, V. F. Borges, K. D. Miller, S. G. Eckhardt, J. J. Tentler, A. Roussel, A. Berthe, G. Quereux, B. R. I. Dreno, P. Thomare
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
COMPONENTS OF GUINEA PIG COMPLEMENT
Authors: William D. Linscott, Kusuya Nishioka
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The elution characteristics from DEAE cellulose are presented for four components of guinea pig serum, which are capable of interacting sequentially with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with antibody and the first, fourth, and second components of complement (EAC'1,4,2) to cause immune hemolysis, and information is given regarding some of the properties of these components, termed C'3c, C'3b, C'3a, and C'3d. All can react in the presence of ethylene-diaminetetraacetate, and are non-dialyzable. C'3c is quite stable at 56 degrees C, but is rapidly inactivated at low pH or by contact with hydrazine or ammonium hydroxide. C'3b is moderately heat-stable, quite susceptible to low pH, and less readily destroyed by hydrazine. C'3a is very heat-labile, but relatively stable at low pH, while C'3d is heat-labile, sensitive to low pH, and insensitive to bydrazine. EAC'1,4,2 reacts with C'3c to form EAC'1,4,2,3c, which reacts then with C'3b to give the intermediate, EAC'1,4,2,3cb. The following reaction with C'3a yields EAC'1,4,2,3cba, which reacts finally with C'3d to give EAC'1,4, 2,3cbad (E*). The first and last reactions proceed moderately well at 0 degrees C, but more rapidly at 30-37 degrees C. The reaction with C'3b is almost completely inhibited at 0 degrees C, while that involving C'3a proceeds almost as rapidly at 0 degrees C as at higher temperatures. EAC'1,4,2,3cba cells have an increased fragility as compared with the other intermediate forms. Depletion studies with purified fractions and appropriate intermediate complexes showed a high degree of depletion of C'3c, somewhat less of C'3b, and little or no depletion of C'3a from the fluid phase. Examination of a beta(1C) globulin prepared from fresh human serum revealed high C'3c and C'3b activity, and very little C'3a or C'3d.
Estradiol Enhances Recovery After Myocardial Infarction by Augmenting Incorporation of Bone Marrow–Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Into Sites of Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization via Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase–Mediated Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9
Authors: Atsushi Iwakura, Shubha Shastry, Corinne Luedemann, Hiromichi Hamada, Atsuhiko Kawamoto, Raj Kishore, Yan Zhu, Gangjian Qin, Marcy Silver, Tina Thorne, Liz Eaton, Haruchika Masuda, Takayuki Asahara, Douglas W. Losordo
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Recent data have indicated that estradiol can modulate the kinetics of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent mechanisms. We hypothesized that estradiol could augment the incorporation of bone marrow (BM)-derived EPCs into sites of ischemia-induced neovascularization, resulting in protection from ischemic injury.Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery in ovariectomized mice receiving either 17beta-estradiol or placebo. Estradiol induced significant increases in circulating EPCs 2 and 3 weeks after MI in estradiol-treated animals, and capillary density was significantly greater in estradiol-treated animals. Greater numbers of BM-derived EPCs were observed at ischemic sites in estradiol-treated animals than in placebo-treated animals 1 and 4 weeks after MI. In eNOS-null mice, the effect of estradiol on mobilization of EPCs was lost, as was the functional improvement in recovery from acute myocardial ischemia. A decrease was found in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in eNOS-null mice under basal and estradiol-stimulated conditions after MI, the mobilization of EPCs by estradiol was lost in MMP-9-null mice, and the functional benefit conferred by estradiol treatment after MI in wild-type mice was significantly attenuated.Estradiol preserves the integrity of ischemic tissue by augmenting the mobilization and incorporation of BM-derived EPCs into sites of neovascularization by eNOS-mediated augmentation of MMP-9 expression in the BM. Moreover, these data have broader implications with regard to our understanding of the role of EPCs in post-MI recovery and on the sex discrepancy in cardiac events.
Paclitaxel as second and subsequent therapy for metastatic breast cancer: activity independent of prior anthracycline response.
Authors: A D Seidman, B S Reichman, J P Crown, T J Yao, V Currie, T B Hakes, C A Hudis, T A Gilewski, J Baselga, P Forsythe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE Two phase II clinical trials were performed to determine efficacy and tolerability of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Wallingford, CT) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ([G-CSF] Neupogen; Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA) as second or subsequent therapy for metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Paclitaxel plus G-CSF was administered as a second stage IV regimen to 25 patients with metastatic breast cancer at a dose of 250 mg/m2 intravenously over 24 hours. Fifty-two patients received paclitoxel plus G-CSF at 200 mg/m2 as a third or subsequent regimen (no restriction on number of prior regimens or on prior high-dose chemotherapy). All patients had received prior anthracycline treatment, and ultimately had progressive bidimensionally measurable disease. RESULTS Twenty-five of 76 patients (32.8%) had a major objective response (95% confidence interval [CI], 14% to 37%). The median duration of response was 7 months (range, 1 to 20+). Responses were as likely in patients with disease demonstrated to be unresponsive to anthracycline, ie, de novo resistance (11 of 37, or 30%) as in those with disease that once exhibited anthracycline sensitivity, ie, acquired resistance, (10 of 31, or 32%). G-CSF administration was associated with febrile neutropenic episodes in 36 of 402 cycles (9%) in 16 of 76 patients (21%). CONCLUSION Paclitaxel's clinically significant activity against metastatic breast cancer extends to patients with many prior chemotherapy regimens. The lack of impact of prior doxorubicin therapy on the likelihood of subsequent response to paclitaxel suggests an important role for this agent in the treatment of refractory metastatic breast cancer.
Minimal persistent inflammation is present at mucosal level in patients with asymptomatic rhinitis and mite allergy
Authors: Giorgio Ciprandi, Sandra Buscaglia, Giampaola Pesce, Caterina Pronzato, Vittorio Ricca, Silvano Parmiani, Marcello Bagnasco, Giorgio Walter Canonica
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995)
Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance
Authors: Ajay R Bharti, Jarlath E Nally, Jessica N Ricaldi, Michael A Matthias, Monica M Diaz, Michael A Lovett, Paul N Levett, Robert H Gilman, Michael R Willig, Eduardo Gotuzzo, Joseph M Vinetz
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2003)
Assessment and evaluation of symptomatic steroid-naive asthmatics without sputum eosinophilia and their response to inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: P. Godon, L-P. Boulet, J-L. Malo, A. Cartier, C. Lemière
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Eosinophilic airway inflammation is one of the hallmarks of asthma. Sputum eosinophilia has been suggested as a predictor of the response to inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. This study sought to investigate the proportion of steroid-naive uncontrolled asthmatics without significant sputum eosinophilia (≤1%) and to examine whether sputum eosinophilia could predict the response to inhaled corticosteroids. A total of 51 mild uncontrolled steroid-naive asthmatics who had not been treated with oral or inhaled corticosteroids for at least 3 months were investigated. The evaluation included a spirometry, methacholine inhalation challenge and sputum induction on two occasions, one at baseline and the other after 1 month of treatment with 250 µg twice-daily fluticasone propionate. Of the 51 subjects, 15 had an eosinophil count ≤1%, and 46 completed the two visits. Patients with baseline sputum eosinophils ≤1% (n=14) were compared with those with sputum eosinophils &gt;1% (n=32). The baseline characteristics of these two groups were similar. After 1 month of treatment, respiratory symptoms, quality of life, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) and provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV 1 improved in both groups. The absence of sputum eosinophilia does not seem to be an indicator of poor response to inhaled corticosteroid treatment in steroid-naive asthmatics. However, this finding needs to be investigated further in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, entirely designed to answer this question.