tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patient and Treatment Factors Associated With Complications After Prostate Brachytherapy
Authors: Aileen B. Chen, Anthony V. D’Amico, Bridget A. Neville, Craig C. Earle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose To assess the prevalence and predictors of complications after prostate brachytherapy in a population-based sample of older men. Patients and Methods We analyzed claims for Medicare-enrolled men older than age 65 years living in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) surveillance areas diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1991 to 1999 who underwent brachytherapy as initial treatment. Results There were 5,621 men who had brachytherapy with at least 2 years of follow-up. A complication diagnosis or invasive procedure occurred in 54.5% of men within 2 years, with 14.1% undergoing an invasive procedure. Urinary, bowel, and erectile morbidity rates were 33.8%, 21.0%, and 16.7%, respectively, and invasive procedure rates were 10.3%, 0.8%, and 4.0%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, combined urinary diagnoses and invasive procedures (obstruction, incontinence, bleeding, fistula) were associated with older age (P &lt; .01), nonwhite race (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; P = .01), low income (OR, 1.74; P &lt; .01), external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT; OR, 0.85; P = .01), androgen deprivation (OR, 1.31; P &lt; .01), later year of brachytherapy (OR, 1.03/yr; P = .02), higher Charlson comorbidity score (P &lt; .01), and prior transurethral resection of the prostate (OR, 1.65; P &lt; .01). Bowel morbidity (bleeding/proctitis, injury) was associated with older age (P = .04), EBRT (OR, 1.46; P &lt; .01), later year (OR, 1.04/yr; P &lt; .01), higher Charlson score (P = .01), and inflammatory bowel disease (OR, 2.60; P &lt; .01). Erectile morbidity was associated with younger age (P &lt; .01), nonwhite race (OR, 1.37; P &lt; .01), AD (OR, 1.18; P = .04), and later year (OR, 1.08/yr; P &lt; .01). Invasive procedure rates declined with later year of brachytherapy (OR, 0.93/yr; P &lt; .01). Conclusion Morbidity after prostate brachytherapy was common, though invasive procedures were required infrequently. Invasive procedures for complications declined during the 1990s, suggesting technical improvement with experience.
Glycine Normalizes Hepatic Triglyceride-Rich VLDL Secretion by Triggering the CNS in High-Fat Fed Rats
Authors: Jessica T.Y. Yue, Patricia I. Mighiu, Mark Naples, Khosrow Adeli, Tony K.T. Lam
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Rationale: Dysregulation of hepatic triglyceride (TG)-rich very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL-TG) in obesity and type 2 diabetes contributes to the dyslipidemia that leads to cardiovascular morbidity. The central nervous system (CNS), particularly the hypothalamus, regulates hepatic lipid metabolism. Although the underlying neurocircuitry remains elusive, glycine has been documented to enhance CNS N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated transmission. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that glycine regulates hepatic VLDL-TG secretion by potentiating NMDA receptor-mediated transmission in the CNS. Methods and Results: Using 10-hour fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with stereotaxic cannulae into an extrahypothalamic region termed the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) and vascular catheters to enable direct DVC infusion and blood sampling, respectively, the rate of hepatic VLDL-TG secretion was measured following tyloxapol (an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase) injection. Direct DVC infusion of glycine lowered VLDL-TG secretion, whereas NMDA receptor blocker MK-801 fully negated glycine's effect. NR1 subunit of NMDA receptor antagonist 7-chlorokynurenic acid, adenoviral injection of NR1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and hepatic vagotomy also nullified glycine's effect. Finally, DVC glycine normalized the hypersecretion of VLDL-TG induced by high-fat feeding. Conclusions: Molecular and pharmacological inhibition of the NR1-containing NMDA receptors in the DVC negated the ability of glycine to inhibit hepatic secretion of VLDL-TG in vivo. Importantly, the hypersecretion of VLDL-TG from the liver induced by a model of high-fat feeding was restored by the hepatic lipid control of CNS glycine sensing. These findings collectively suggest that glycine or glycine analogues may have therapeutic benefits in lowering plasma lipid levels in diabetes and obesity by triggering the CNS.
Initial management of pneumonia and sepsis: factors associated with improved outcome
Authors: R. Menéndez, A. Torres, S. Reyes, R. Zalacain, A. Capelastegui, J. Aspa, L. Borderías, J.J. Martín-Villasclaras, S. Bello, I. Alfageme, F.R. de Castro, J. Rello, L. Molinos, J. Ruiz-Manzano
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Processes of care and adherence to guidelines have been associated with improved survival in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In sepsis, bundles of processes of care have also increased survival. We aimed to audit compliance with guideline-recommended processes of care and its impact on outcome in hospitalised CAP patients with sepsis. We prospectively studied 4,137 patients hospitalised with CAP in 13 hospitals. The processes of care evaluated were adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines, first dose within 6 h and oxygen assessment. Outcome measures were mortality and length of stay (LOS). Oxygen assessment was measured in 3,745 (90.5%) patients; 3,024 (73.1%) patients received antibiotics according to guidelines and 3,053 (73.8%) received antibiotics within 6 h. In CAP patients with sepsis, the strongest independent factor for survival was antibiotic adherence (OR 0.4). In severe sepsis, only compliance to antibiotic adherence plus first dose within 6 h was associated with lower mortality (OR 0.60), adjusted for fine prognostic scale and hospital. Antibiotic adherence was related to shorter hospital stay. In sepsis, antibiotic adherence is the strongest protective factor of care associated with survival and LOS. In severe sepsis, combined antibiotic adherence and first dose within 6 h may reduce mortality.
A Case of Laparo-Nephrotomy
Authors: H. L. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1886)

THE BBITISH MIDICAiJOURf4X4.821 ~~~~~~~CEBIIl.~EIALOEA.the difficulty will end.It will be necessary to warn the patient against overexertion of any kind for some time to come, and also to insist that the vaginal douche be employed for some considerable time after she passes from under yourcare.If ruptureof the perineumexist, it is most desirable that this be repaired, so that due support to the uterus may be given by the vaginal walls.This will not only add to the comfort of your patient, but remove a grave risk of a recurrence of the uterine mischief.Lastly, I come to speak of the treatment when elongation of the cervix exists.Doubtless, local treatment generally is successful in giving relief, but it may be looked upon as almost a certainty, if impregnation do not immediately ensue, that the endometritis will recur.I, therefore, of late years, have always insisted on removing the redundant tissue, an operation which has hitherto in- variably been followed by the most satisfactory results.
Permeability characteristics of the cholera-infected small intestine.
Authors: A H Love
Journal: Gut (1969)

Whereas the callable-bond market used to emphasize primarily public debt—government agencies and investment grade and non-investment grade corporate debt—that has changed dramatically over the past 20 years, in part due to the low prevailing rates of interest as well as some systematic changes in the agency sector. While some agency and investment grade corporate bonds are still extant, there are more numerous callable bonds of lower ratings categories. In delivering a theoretically sound practical model, one that does not call for computation or use of an option-adjusted spread, the article seeks to use a one-factor lognormal interest rate model to calibrate the implied vols of callable and putable bonds in the US bond market and to relate those implied volatilities to measures of time to call, time from call to maturity, moneyness, and the credit-yield spread. <b>TOPICS:</b>Fixed income and structured finance, options, statistical methods <b>Key Findings</b> ▪ Valuation of callable and putable bonds in a theoretically sound practical model that does not use “option-adjusted spreads.” ▪ A one-factor lognormal interest-rate model is used to calibrate implied vols of callable and putable bonds in the US corporate and agency bond markets. ▪ Volatility calibration uses observed bonds’ market prices to elicit dependence of priced volatility on time to first call, time from call to maturity, moneyness, and the credit-yield spread.
Male Urethral Catheterization
Authors: Todd W. Thomsen, Gary S. Setnik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Urethral catheterization may be performed as either a therapeutic or a diagnostic procedure. Therapeutically, catheters may be placed to decompress the bladder in patients with acute or chronic urinary retention. In addition, catheters may be placed to facilitate bladder irrigation in patients with gross hematuria. Diagnostically, urinary catheters may be placed to obtain an uncontaminated urine sample for microbiologic testing, to measure urinary output in critically ill patients or during surgical procedures, or to measure post-void residuals. The only absolute contraindication to urethral catheterization is known or suspected urethral injury, usually in the setting of a pelvic fracture. Trauma patients . . . .
Responsiveness of Intrinsic Subtypes to Adjuvant Anthracycline Substitution in the NCIC.CTG MA.5 Randomized Trial
Authors: Maggie C.U. Cheang, K. David Voduc, Dongsheng Tu, Shan Jiang, Samuel Leung, Stephen K. Chia, Lois E. Shepherd, Mark N. Levine, Kathleen I. Pritchard, Sherri Davies, Inge J. Stijleman, Carole Davis, Mark T.W. Ebbert, Joel S. Parker, Matthew J. Ellis, Philip S. Bernard, Charles M. Perou, Torsten O. Nielsen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Recent studies suggest that intrinsic breast cancer subtypes may differ in their responsiveness to specific chemotherapy regimens. We examined this hypothesis on NCIC.CTG MA.5, a clinical trial randomizing premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer to adjuvant CMF (cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-fluorouracil) versus CEF (cyclophosphamide-epirubicin-fluorouracil) chemotherapy. Experimental Design: Intrinsic subtype was determined for 476 tumors using the quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR PAM50 gene expression test. Luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched (HER2-E), and basal-like subtypes were correlated with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), estimated using Kaplan–Meier plots and log-rank testing. Multivariable Cox regression analyses determined significance of interaction between treatment and intrinsic subtypes. Results: Intrinsic subtypes were associated with RFS (P = 0.0005) and OS (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) on the combined cohort. The HER2-E showed the greatest benefit from CEF versus CMF, with absolute 5-year RFS and OS differences exceeding 20%, whereas there was a less than 2% difference for non–HER2-E tumors (interaction test P = 0.03 for RFS and 0.03 for OS). Within clinically defined Her2+ tumors, 79% (72 of 91) were classified as the HER2-E subtype by gene expression and this subset was strongly associated with better response to CEF versus CMF (62% vs. 22%, P = 0.0006). There was no significant difference in benefit between CEF and CMF in basal-like tumors [n = 94; HR, 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6–2.1 for RFS and HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7–2.5 for OS]. Conclusion: HER2-E strongly predicted anthracycline sensitivity. The chemotherapy-sensitive basal-like tumors showed no added benefit for CEF over CMF, suggesting that nonanthracycline regimens may be adequate in this subtype although further investigation is required. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2402–12. ©2012 AACR.
Evolution of the ascidian anural larva: evidence from embryos and molecules
Authors: W. R. Jeffery, B. J. Swalla, N. Ewing, T. Kusakabe
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Most ascidians pass through a tadpole (urodele) larval stage, although some species have derived a tailless (anural) larva. New insights into the evolution of anural larvae in the Roscovita clade of molgulid ascidians were obtained from studing embryonic development of the transitional anural species Molgula bleizi and from phylogenetic analysis based on muscle and cytoskeletal actin gene sequences. By observing in vitro fertilized eggs, we found that M. bleizi, previously described as a typical anural developer, actually forms a short immotile tail during embryogenesis. The short tail contains notochord lineage cells, which undergo abbreviated morphogenetic movements but eventually arrest in development. Molgula bleizi tail muscle lineage cells produce the muscle enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) but do not express muscle actin genes. The presence of a short tail, a vestigial notochord, and AChE-positive muscle cells suggest that M. bleizi is a recently derived anural species. An M. bleizi larval muscle actin gene (MbMA1) was isolated, sequenced, and shown to be a pseudogene based on critical deletions in its coding region that would result in a nonfunctional actin protein. The mutations in MbMA1 are distinct from and have evolved independent of the larval muscle actin pseudogenes MoccMA1a and MoccMA1b in Molgula occulta, another anural developer in the Roscovita clade. Pseudogene formation explains the absence of muscle actin mRNA in M. bleizi embryos. The 3' untranslated region of an M. bleizi cytoskeletal actin gene was also isolated and sequenced. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed using muscle and cytoskeletal actin sequences suggest that the anural developer M. bleizi evolved prior to the divergence of the urodele developer Molgula oculata and the anural developer M. occulta in the Roscovita clade. Since M. bleizi lives attached to hard substrata in the tidal zone, whereas M. oculata and M. occulta live buried in subtidal sand flats, our results suggest that the anural larva evolved at least twice in the Roscovita clade of molgulid ascidians as an adaptation to different habitats.
Overexpression of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Antigen in Gallbladder Carcinoma Is an Independent Marker for Poor Survival
Authors: Meri Varga, Peter Obrist, Stephan Schneeberger, Gilbert Mühlmann, Christina Felgel-Farnholz, Dominic Fong, Mathias Zitt, Thomas Brunhuber, Georg Schäfer, Guenther Gastl, Gilbert Spizzo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Gallbladder carcinoma is an aggressive type of cancer that is difficult to cure by conventional procedures. There thus is a need to identify novel molecular markers for the assessment of prognosis and as potential therapeutic targets. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the prognostic significance of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) overexpression in human gallbladder carcinoma. Experimental Design: Ep-CAM expression was examined immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 99 patients who underwent surgical treatment for gallbladder carcinoma in the period between August 1988 and May 1999. Results: Ep-CAM overexpression was found in 63 (63.6%) of the tumor samples. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that Ep-CAM overexpression was significantly related to decreased overall survival (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Overall survival gradually worsened with increasing Ep-CAM scores. Notably, in the subgroup of pT1 tumors (n = 17), patients without Ep-CAM overexpression had a 5-year overall survival rate of 100% compared with 38% (P = 0.01) for patients with Ep-CAM-overexpressing tumors. By univariate analysis, no correlation was found with conventional clinicopathological parameters. Multivariate analysis, including Ep-CAM expression, pT stage, tumor grade, and resection margin involvement, showed that Ep-CAM overexpression was an independent prognostic marker in gallbladder carcinoma (P = 0.03; relative risk, 1.8). Conclusions: These results demonstrate for the first time that Ep-CAM overexpression is an independent prognostic marker in gallbladder carcinoma and that its prognostic impact should be validated prospectively. Furthermore, the Ep-CAM antigen represents an attractive target for specific therapies with monoclonal antibodies or specific vaccines in patients with Ep-CAM-overexpressing gallbladder carcinoma.
The effect of three different levels of footwear stability on pain outcomes in women runners: a randomised control trial
Authors: Michael B Ryan, Gordon A Valiant, Kymberly McDonald, Jack E Taunton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Background The present study examines the injury status in women runners who are randomised to receive a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. Methods 81 female runners were categorised into three different foot posture types (39 neutral, 30 pronated, 12 highly pronated) and randomly assigned a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. Runners underwent baseline testing to record training history, as well as leg alignment, before commencing a 13-week half marathon training programme. Outcome measures included number of missed training days due to pain and three visual analogue scale (VAS) items for pain during rest, activities of daily living and with running. Results 194 missed training days were reported by 32% of the running population with the stability shoe reporting the fewest missed days (51) and the motion control shoe (79) the most. There was a significant main effect (p&lt;0.001) for footwear condition in both the neutral and pronated foot types: the motion control shoe reporting greater levels of pain in all three VAS items. In neutral feet, the neutral shoe reported greater values of pain while running than the stability shoe; in pronated feet, the stability shoe reported greater values of pain while running than the neutral shoe. No significant effects were reported for the highly pronated foot, although this was limited by an inadequate sample size. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that our current approach of prescribing in-shoe pronation control systems on the basis of foot type is overly simplistic and potentially injurious.
Abstract 119: Overexpression SOCS-1 may inhibit invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer
Authors: Moon-Hong Kim, Wonwoo Kim, Miae Kang, Hyesil Seol, Jae-Hoon Jeong
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate whether the overexpression of SOCS-1 affects radiosensitivity, invasion, and metastasis in xenograft nude mouse model. Methods: We established stable SOCS-1-overexpressing ME-180 cell line with pLNCX2-mSOCS1-Myc. Also we established xenograft nude mouse model for tumor growth delay experiment. Immunohistochemistry was employed to elucidate the pattern of expression of VEGF, CD-31, MMP-2, and TUNEL assay for apoptosis in SOCS-1 overexpressing ME-180 cells. Tumor cells were injected to right thigh of mouse to form cancer mass. Lung metastasis assay was performed in day 45 and 60. Metastatic nodules in both lungs were obtained and counted for statistical analysis. Results: Tumor growth delay after 5 Gy radiation was observed in SOCS overexpressing tumor compared to wild type tumor but the difference did not show the statistical significance (p&amp;gt;0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). Immunohistochemistry showed that decreased MMP-2 expression, decreased VEGF expression, decreased CD-31 expression, and significantly elevated index of apoptotic body in SOCS-1 overexpressing tumor. Lung metastasis assay showed statistically significant decrement of metastatic nodule count in SOCS-1 overexpressing tumor (p&amp;lt;0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusion: Decrement of radiosensitivity was statistically insignificant in SOCS-1 overexpressing tumor while invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis were inhibited. Also apoptosis was increased in SOCS-1 overexpressing tumor. Citation Format: Moon-Hong Kim, Wonwoo Kim, Miae Kang, Hyesil Seol, Jae-Hoon Jeong. Overexpression SOCS-1 may inhibit invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 119. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-119
Progress in Antisense Technology
Authors: Stanley T. Crooke
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2004)

Antisense technology exploits oligonucleotide analogs to bind to target RNAs via Watson-Crick hybridization. Once bound, the antisense agent either disables or induces the degradation of the target RNA. Antisense agents can also alter splicing. During the past decade, much has been learned about the basic mechanisms of antisense, the medicinal chemistry, and the pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicologic properties of antisense molecules. Antisense technology has proven valuable in gene functionalization and target validation. With one drug marketed, Vitravenetm, and approximately 20 antisense drugs in clinical development, it appears that antisense drugs may prove important in the treatment of a wide range of diseases.
Effects of Interferon beta on Transcobalamin II-Receptor Expression and Antitumor Activity of Nitrosylcobalamin
Authors: Joseph A. Bauer, Bei H. Morrison, Ronald W. Grane, Barbara S. Jacobs, Sally Dabney, Ana M. Gamero, Kevin A. Carnevale, Daniel J. Smith, Judith Drazba, Bellur Seetharam, Daniel J. Lindner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: The ubiquitous plasma membrane transcobalamin II receptor (TC II-R) mediates uptake of cobalamin (Cbl; vitamin B12), an essential micronutrient. Tumors often require more Cbl than normal tissue, and increased Cbl uptake may result from increased TC II-R expression. To examine whether Cbl could therefore be used as a carrier molecule to target a chemotherapy drug, we tested an analogue of Cbl with nitric oxide as a ligand, nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl). Because interferon β (IFN-β) has antitumor effects and increases expression of some membrane receptors, we examined whether it may enhance the effects of NO-Cbl. Methods: Antiproliferative effects of NO-Cbl were assessed in 24 normal and cancer cell lines. Xenograft tumors of human ovarian cancer NIH-OVCAR-3 cells were established in athymic nude mice, and tumor growth was monitored after treatment with NO-Cbl and IFN-β, both individually and concomitantly. TC II-R expression and apoptosis was monitored in vitro and in vivo. RNA protection assays and mitochondrial membrane potential assays were used to distinguish the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, respectively. Results: Cancer cell lines were more sensitive to NO-Cbl (with ID50s [the dose that inhibits growth by 50%] as low as 2 μM) than normal cell lines (with ID50s of 85–135 μM). Single-agent NO-Cbl and IFN-β treatment of NIH-OVCAR-3 xenografts induced tumor regression, whereas combination treatment induced tumor eradication. IFN-β treatment increased TC II-R expression in vitro and uptake of [57Co]cobalamin in vivo. Compared with NIH-OVCAR-3 cells treated with NO-Cbl, cells treated with NO-Cbl and IFN-β were more apoptotic and expressed higher mRNA levels of various apoptosis-associated genes. No changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in cells treated with NO-Cbl. Conclusion: NO-Cbl inhibited tumor growth in vivo by activating the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The increased expression of TC II-R induced by IFN-β resulted in enhanced antitumor effects with NO-Cbl both in vitro and in vivo.