tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Adverse Smoking Outcomes in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: S. A. Barry, M. C. Tammemagi, S. Penek, E. C. Kassan, C. S. Dorfman, T. L. Riley, J. Commin, K. L. Taylor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

The impact of lung cancer screening on smoking behavior is unclear. The aims of this ancillary study of the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial were to produce risk prediction models to identify individuals at risk of relapse or continued smoking and to evaluate whether cancer-screening variables affect long-term smoking outcomes. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire at trial enrollment and a supplemental questionnaire 4–14 years after enrollment, which assessed several cancer-related variables, including family history of cancer, comorbidities, and tobacco use. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict smoking status at completion of the supplemental questionnaire. The models' predictive performances were evaluated by assessing discrimination via the receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) and calibration. Models were internally validated using bootstrap methods. Of the 31 694 former smokers on the baseline questionnaire, 1042 (3.3%) had relapsed (ie, reported being a current smoker on the supplemental questionnaire). Of the 6807 current smokers on the baseline questionnaire, 4439 (65.2%) reported continued smoking on the supplemental questionnaire. Relapse was associated with multiple demographic, medical, and tobacco-related characteristics. This model had a bootstrap median ROC AUC of 0.862 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.858 to 0.866) and a calibration slope of 1.004 (95% CI = 0.978 to 1.029), indicating excellent discrimination and calibration. Predictors of continued smoking also included multiple demographic, medical, and tobacco-related characteristics. This model had an ROC AUC of 0.611 (95% CI = 0.605 to 0.614) and a slope of 1.006 (95% CI = 0.962 to 1.041), indicating modest discrimination. Neither the trial arm nor the lung-screening result was statistically significantly associated with smoking outcomes. These models, if validated externally, may have public health utility in identifying individuals at risk for adverse smoking outcomes, who may benefit from relapse prevention and smoking cessation interventions.
Comparison of Survival of Upper Arm Arteriovenous Fistulas and Grafts after Failed Forearm Fistula
Authors: Timmy Lee, Jill Barker, Michael Allon
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Although arteriovenous fistulas are considered superior to grafts, it is unknown whether that is true in the subset of patients with a previous failed fistula. For investigation of this question, a prospective vascular access database was queried retrospectively to compare the outcomes of 59 fistulas and 51 grafts that were placed in the upper arm after primary failure of an initial forearm fistula. Primary access failure was higher for subsequent fistulas than for subsequent grafts (44 versus 20%; P = 0.006). Fistulas required more interventions than grafts before their successful use (0.42 versus 0.16 per patient; P = 0.04). The time to catheter-free dialysis was longer for fistulas than for grafts (131 versus 34 d; P < 0.0001) and was associated with more episodes of bacteremia before permanent access use (1.3 versus 0.4 per patient; P = 0.003). Cumulative survival (from placement to permanent failure) was higher for fistulas than for grafts when primary failures were excluded (hazard ratio 0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.27 to 0.94; P = 0.03), but similar when primary failures were included (hazard ratio 0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 1.62; P = 0.97). Fistulas required fewer interventions to maintain long-term patency for dialysis after maturation (0.73 versus 2.38 per year; P < 0.001). In conclusion, as compared with grafts, subsequent upper arm fistulas are associated with a higher primary failure rate, more interventions to achieve maturation, longer catheter dependence, and more frequent catheter-related bacteremia. However, once the access is usable for dialysis, fistulas have superior cumulative patency than do grafts and require fewer interventions to maintain patency.
An integrated view of suppressor T cell subsets in immunoregulation
Authors: Hong Jiang, Leonard Chess
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The immune system evolved to protect organisms from a virtually infinite variety of disease-causing agents but to avoid harmful responses to self. Because immune protective mechanisms include the elaboration of potent inflammatory molecules, antibodies, and killer cell activation — which together can not only destroy invading microorganisms, pathogenic autoreactive cells, and tumors, but also mortally injure normal cells — the immune system is inherently a “double-edged sword” and must be tightly regulated. Immune response regulation includes homeostatic mechanisms intrinsic to the activation and differentiation of antigen-triggered immunocompetent cells and extrinsic mechanisms mediated by suppressor cells. This review series will focus on recent advances indicating that distinct subsets of regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as NK T cells control the outgrowth of potentially pathogenic antigen-reactive T cells and will highlight the evidence that these suppressor T cells may play potentially important clinical roles in preventing and treating immune-mediated disease. Here we provide a historical overview of suppressor cells and the experimental basis for the existence of functionally and phenotypically distinct suppressor subsets. Finally, we will speculate on how the distinct suppressor cell subsets may function in concert to regulate immune responses.
+1 Frameshifting as a Novel Mechanism to Generate a Cryptic Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitope Derived from Human Interleukin 10
Authors: Xavier Saulquin, Emmanuel Scotet, Lydie Trautmann, Marie-Alix Peyrat, Franck Halary, Marc Bonneville, Elisabeth Houssaint
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Recent data indicate that some cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) recognize so-called cryptic epitopes, encoded by nonprimary open reading frame (ORF) sequences or other nonclassical expression pathways. We describe here a novel mechanism leading to generation of a cryptic CTL epitope. We isolated from the synovial fluid of a patient suffering from a Reiter's syndrome an autoreactive T cell clone that recognized cellular IL-10 in the HLA-B*2705 context. The minimal IL-10 sequence corresponding to nucleotides 379–408 was shown to activate this clone, upon cotransfection into COS cells with the DNA encoding HLA-B*2705, but the synthetic peptide deduced from this sequence did not stimulate the clone. Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach, we found that this clone recognized a transframe epitope generated by an internal +1 frameshifting in the IL-10 sequence and so derived partly from ORF1, partly from ORF2. We defined that +1 frameshifting was induced by a specific heptamer sequence. These observations illustrate the variety of mechanisms leading to generation of cryptic epitopes and suggest that frameshifting in normal cellular genes may be more common than expected.
When is information represented explicitly in blindsight and cerebral achromatopsia?
Authors: R. W. Kentridge
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Discrimination of forms defined solely by color and discrimination of hue are dissociated in cerebral achromatopsia. Both must be based on potentially explicit information derived from differentially color-sensitive photoreceptors, yet only one gives rise to phenomenal experience of color. By analogy, visual information may be used to form explicit representations for action without giving rise to any phenomenal experience other than that of making the action.
A pilot study of treatment of lentigo maligna with 5% imiquimod cream
Authors: C.J. Fleming, A.M. Bryden, A. Evans, R.S. Dawe, S.H. Ibbotson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Lentigo maligna (LM) is an in situ form of malignant melanoma, and surgical excision is often unsatisfactory. Imiquimod cream is an immune response modifier and induces a predominantly T-helper 1 type response. Objectives Assessment of histological and clinical response of surgically resectable LM after treatment with 5% imiquimod cream. Methods Six patients with LM were treated with 5% imiquimod cream daily for 6 weeks. The whole site of the original lesion was then excised. Clinical and histological and appearances were measured using clinical response and histological grading scores. Results Complete or almost complete clearance of pigmentation with minimal residual histological evidence of LM was observed in four patients, one patient showed no clinical or histological improvement, and the remaining patient had almost no residual pigmentation clinically after treatment yet histopathological changes remained as severe as before treatment. Conclusions Topical imiquimod cream merits further investigation as a new therapy for LM.
On the neural grounding for metaphor and projection
Authors: Bipin Indurkhya
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Focusing on the mirror system and imitation, I examine the role of metaphor and projection in evolutionary neurolinguistics. I suggest that the key to language evolution in hominid might be an ability to project one's thoughts and feelings onto another agent or object, to see and feel things from another perspective, and to be able to empathize with another agent.
Using fetal nuchal translucency to screen for major congenital cardiac defects at 10-14 weeks of gestation: population based cohort study
Authors: J. Hyett, M. Perdu, G. Sharland, R. Snijders, K. H Nicolaides
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine the utility of measuring fetal nuchal translucency thickness in screening for major defects of the heart and great arteries at 10-14 weeks of gestation. <b>Design:</b> Population based cohort study. <b>Subjects:</b> 29 154 singleton pregnancies with chromosomally normal fetuses at 10-14 weeks of gestation. <b>Setting:</b> Fetal medicine centre in London. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Prevalence of major defects of the heart and great arteries. <b>Results:</b> Of 50 cases with major defects of the heart and great arteries (prevalence 1.7 per 1000 pregnancies) 28 (56%, 95% confidence interval 42% to 70%) were in the subgroup of 1822 pregnancies with fetal nuchal translucency thicknesses above the 95th centile of the normal range. The positive and negative predictive values for this cut off point of nuchal translucency thickness were 1.5% and 99.9% respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness—traditionally used to identify fetuses at high risk of aneuploidy—at 10-14 weeks of gestation can identify a large proportion of fetuses with major defects of the heart and great arteries.
High-Dose Aspirin Is Required to Influence Plasma Fibrin Network Structure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sara Tehrani, Aleksandra Antovic, Fariborz Mobarrez, Koteiba Mageed, Per-Eric Lins, Ulf Adamson, Håkan N. Wallén, Gun Jörneskog
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Patients with type 1 diabetes form a less permeable fibrin network, which could contribute to their increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low-dose aspirin treatment is the standard in the management of CVD; however, the effect seems reduced in patients with diabetes. We investigated the effects of low- and high-dose aspirin treatment on fibrin network formation in patients with type 1 diabetes (primary aim) and the possible interaction between the treatment effects of aspirin on fibrin network permeability and glycemic control in these patients (secondary aim).Forty-eight patients (24 subjects with good [HbA(1c) <7.4%] and 24 subjects with poor [HbA(1c) >8.4%] glycemic control) were randomly assigned to treatment with 75 or 320 mg/day aspirin during 4 weeks in a crossover fashion. A 4-week washout period separated the treatment periods. The plasma fibrin network was assessed by determination of the permeability coefficient (K(s)).Treatment with 75 mg aspirin did not influence fibrin network permeability (K(s)). However, K(s) increased significantly during treatment with 320 mg aspirin (P = 0.004), and a significant treatment effect was seen compared with treatment with 75 mg aspirin (P = 0.009). The increase in K(s) during high-dose aspirin treatment was significant in patients with poor glycemic control (P = 0.02), whereas K(s) only tended to increase in patients with good glycemic control (P = 0.06).A high dose of aspirin is required to influence fibrin network permeability in patients with type 1 diabetes. The observed lack of effect with low-dose aspirin may contribute to aspirin treatment failure in diabetes.
Structural Plasticity of the Cardiac Nuclear Pore Complex in Response to Regulators of Nuclear Import
Authors: Carmen Perez-Terzic, A. Marquis Gacy, Ryan Bortolon, Petras P. Dzeja, Michel Puceat, Marisa Jaconi, Franklyn G. Prendergast, Andre Terzic
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Communication between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of cardiac cells occurs by molecular transport through nuclear pores. In lower eukaryotes, nuclear transport requires the maintenance of cellular energetics and ion homeostasis. Although heart muscle is particularly sensitive to metabolic stress, the regulation of nuclear transport through nuclear pores in cardiomyocytes has not yet been characterized. With the use of laser confocal and atomic force microscopy, we observed nuclear transport in cardiomyocytes and the structure of individual nuclear pores under different cellular conditions. In response to the depletion of Ca 2+ stores or ATP/GTP pools, the cardiac nuclear pore complex adopted 2 distinct conformations that led to different patterns of nuclear import regulation. Depletion of Ca 2+ indiscriminately prevented the nuclear import of macromolecules through closure of the nuclear pore opening. Depletion of ATP/GTP only blocked facilitated transport through a simultaneous closure of the pore and relaxation of the entire complex, which allowed other molecules to pass into the nucleus through peripheral routes. The current study of the structural plasticity of the cardiac nuclear pore complex, which was observed in response to changes in cellular conditions, identifies a gating mechanism for molecular translocation across the nuclear envelope of cardiac cells. The cardiac nuclear pore complex serves as a conduit that differentially regulates nuclear transport of macromolecules and provides a mechanism for the control of nucleocytoplasmic communication in cardiac cells, in particular under stress conditions associated with disturbances in cellular bioenergetics and Ca 2+ homeostasis.
Development of a Veterans Affairs Hybrid Operating Room for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Authors: Kendrick A. Shunk, Jeffrey Zimmet, Brian Cason, Bernadette Speiser, Elaine E. Tseng
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) revolutionized the treatment of aortic stenosis. Developing a TAVR program with a custom-built hybrid operating room (HOR) outside the surgical operating room area poses unique challenges in Veterans Affairs (VA) institutions.To present the process by which the San Francisco VA Medical Center developed a VA-approved TAVR program, in which an HOR exists in a cardiac catheterization laboratory, as a guideline for future programs.Retrospective review of each required approval process for developing an HOR in a cardiac catheterization laboratory in a VA designated for complex surgery. Participants included San Francisco VA Medical Center health care professionals and individuals responsible for new program initiation in VA institutions.External reviews by industry vendors, the VA Central Office, and the Office for Construction, Facilities, and Management and an internal Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis.The timeline for each process.Developing a TAVR program required vetting and approval from industry vendors, who provided training and expertise. Architectural plans for construction of the HOR began in 2010-2011, followed by approval from Edwards Lifesciences, Inc, in 2012 and fundamentals training on February 8 and 9, 2013. Following a pilot launch of the first VA TAVR program at the Houston VA Medical Center, subsequent programs were required to submit a plan to the VA Central Office for proposed restructuring of their clinical programs. After the San Francisco VA Medical Center proposal submission on February 3, 2013, a site visit consisting of a National Chief of Catheterization Laboratory Managers, a cardiac surgeon, and an interventional cardiologist with TAVR experience was conducted on April 12, 2013. During construction, HOR plans were inspected by the Office for Construction, Facilities, and Management followed by on-site inspection on August 8, 2013, to assess the adequacy of the HOR, newly built restricted corridors, equipment storage areas, and altered staff and patient flow patterns. Last, a Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis was performed to mitigate any negative effects of the HOR not being colocated in the surgical operating room area. Approval was then granted on November 13, 2013. Our first 10 TAVR cases were successfully completed as of April 2, 2014.The primary factor for development of a successful TAVR program is integration of the heart valve team. Particular adaptations to the cardiac catheterization laboratory environment are required to accommodate an uncompromised HOR in which cardiac and vascular surgeons can be as comfortable as their interventional cardiology colleagues.
Effects of inhaled beta agonist and corticosteroid treatment on nuclear transcription factors in bronchial mucosa in asthma
Authors: R. J Hancox, D. A Stevens, I. M Adcock, P. J Barnes, D R. Taylor
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Inhaled corticosteroids and β agonists are the most commonly used treatments in asthma and are often used together. Recent evidence suggests that many of the anti-inflammatory actions of corticosteroids are mediated by cross-talk between the activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and other transcription factors such as the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). Beta agonists can activate the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). A mutual inhibition between GR and CREB occurs in vitro which raises the possibility of a negative interaction between corticosteroid and β agonist drugs. A study was undertaken to determine whether these interactions occur during treatment with β<sub>2</sub> agonists and corticosteroids in asthma. <h3>METHODS</h3> Seven subjects who were participating in a randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study of six weeks treatment with inhaled budesonide (400 μg twice daily), terbutaline (1 mg four times daily), and combined treatment were recruited. Biopsy samples of the bronchial mucosa were obtained after each treatment and analysed for the DNA binding activity of GR, CREB, and NFκB. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Budesonide increased GR activity (p&lt;0.05) and decreased NFκB activity (p&lt;0.05). No treatment combination altered CREB activity and terbutaline had no significant effects on any transcription factor. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Inhaled corticosteroids have significant effects on GR and NFκB activity in bronchial mucosa. A negative interaction between inhaled corticosteroids and β agonists was not found.
Regional ventilation distribution in the first 6 months of life
Authors: T.M.T. Pham, M. Yuill, C. Dakin, A. Schibler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been used to study regional ventilation distribution in neonatal and paediatric lung disease; however, little information has been obtained in healthy newborns and infants. Data on regional ventilation distribution and regional filling characteristics were obtained using EIT in the neonatal period, at 3 and 6 months of age, in spontaneously breathing infants during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Regional ventilation distribution was described using regional end-expiratory and end-inspiratory impedance amplitudes, and geometric centre of ventilation. Regional filling characteristics were described with the phase lag or lead of the regional impedance change in comparison to global impedance change. 32 infants were measured in the supine position. Regional impedance amplitudes increased with age but regional ventilation distribution remained unchanged in all infants at any age, with the dependent (posterior) lung always better ventilated. Regional filling characteristics showed that the dependent lung filled during inspiration before the nondependent lung during all follow-up measurements. Regional ventilation distribution and regional filling characteristics remained unchanged over the first 6 months of life, and the results obtained on regional ventilation distribution are very similar to those in adult subjects.
Behavioral momentum: Empirical, theoretical, and metaphorical issues
Authors: John A. Nevin, Randolph C. Grace
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

In reply to the comments on our target article, we address a variety of issues concerning the generality of our major findings, their relation to other theoretical formulations, and the metaphor of behavioral momentum that inspired much of our work. Most of these issues can be resolved by empirical studies, and we hope that the ideas advanced here will promote the analysis of resistance to change and preference in new areas of research and application.
A multicenter phase II study of carboplatin and paclitaxel for advanced thymic carcinoma: WJOG4207L
Authors: F. Hirai, T. Yamanaka, K. Taguchi, H. Daga, A. Ono, K. Tanaka, Y. Kogure, J. Shimizu, T. Kimura, J. Fukuoka, Y. Iwamoto, H. Sasaki, K. Takeda, T. Seto, Y. Ichinose, K. Nakagawa, Y. Nakanishi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Community Psychiatry with the Communications Media
Authors: STEPHEN B. BERNSTEIN, BERYCE MACLENNAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors describe a project involving the provision of mental health consultation services to the staff of a radio station. Starting out with a focus on interpersonal relations within the staff, it progressed to community involvement, with the consultant collaborating in setting up a 20-part documentary series and community action program on drug abuse. There have been few examples of this kind of consultation; the authors believe it offers a good potential for preventive psychiatry efforts.