tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association analysis fails to confirm Xq27 as candidate region for a testicular germ cell tumour susceptibility gene
Authors: M. F. Lutke Holzik, I. M. Nolte, R. H. Sijmons, G. van der Steege, D. T. Sleijfer, M. Bruinenberg, H. J. Hoekstra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4579 Background: Testicular Germ Cell Tumours (TGCT) was found to be linked to the X chromosome. Families with at least one bilateral case appeared to be linked to a 2.7 Mb region on Xq27 (Rapley et al. Nat Genet. 2000 Feb;24(2):197–200). We tried to confirm this finding in a comprehensive association study with markers from this region. Methods: In 288 testicular cancer patients and 169 unaffected first-degree male family members, 12 microsatellite markers covering the candidate region were genotyped and matched the quality criteria to study association with Xq27 both by single locus and haplotype analysis (haplotype sharing statistics (HSS). Results: None of these 12 markers analyzed, or combinations, showed association with TGCT. Subgroup analyses of cases with bilateral TGCT (n=11), familiar TGCT (n=28) and cryptorchism (n=44) did also not reveal evidence for association with Xq27. Conclusions: We could not replicate the previously observed linkage of TGCT to Xq27 by association analysis. Our sample had 80% power to detect a relative risk of 2.0 for a risk allele with a frequency larger than 10%. The subgroups of bilateral cases, familiar cases and cases with cryptorchism did not show significant results either. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Long-Term Cultivation of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">1</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: Y. T. Chang, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Four procedures were considered essential for the long-term cultivation of peritoneal macrophages: 1) The peritoneal exudate was washed out with the chemically defined, protein-free medium NCTC 109 without further centrifugation or washing to preserve the nutrients for growth and to prevent the loss of vital substances through dialysis; 2) 40 percent horse serum and 50 percent NCTC 109 served as the nutrient medium; 3) the medium was supplemented with 10 percent beef-embryo extract diluted 1:5; and 4) cultures were maintained in an atmosphere of 5 percent CO2 in air which regulated the medium at a pH of about 7.2. Mitotic division of macrophages was observed in the early stages of cultures and up to 43 days, but probably occurred infrequently in the older cultures. Macrophages were maintained in good condition for 220 days. The results on the various steps of development of the present cell system are presented.
Pediatric Hodgkin’s Therapy: Time for a Paradigm Shift
Authors: Melissa M. Hudson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.18.3755 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12228193 Pediatric Hodgkin’s Therapy: Time for a Paradigm Shift Melissa M. HudsonxMelissa M. HudsonSearch for articles by this author Show More St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.18.3755 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Development of the patient-reported version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (PRO-CTCAE).
Authors: E. M. Basch, B. B. Reeve, C. S. Cleeland, J. A. Sloan, T. R. Mendoza, A. P. Abernethy, D. Bruner, L. M. Minasian, L. B. Burke, D. Schrag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e19605 Background: The standard lexicon for reporting adverse events in NCI-sponsored clinical trials is the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), which consists of over 800 individual items. Currently, all items are reported by clinicians. However, multiple studies have found that clinicians tend to underreport symptom severity and onset compared with patient self-reports. In October 2008, the NCI contracted a multi-institution consortium to develop patient versions of CTCAE items, and an electronic platform for assessing symptoms from patients and reporting data to healthcare providers and researchers. Methods: A committee including clinical investigators, methodologists, patients, and representatives of NCI and FDA systematically identified CTCAE items with sufficient subjective component to be amenable to patient reporting. Systematic reviews of publications and existing questionnaires, and analyses of existing symptom survey data sets were conducted to determine optimal formats for questions and response options, as well as plain-language terms for each new “PRO-CTCAE” item. Results: 77 “symptoms” were identified in the CTCAE which were amenable to patient reporting. The format and content of these items were found not to be appropriate for patient reporting in their current form, due to mixing of symptom attributes within items and technical jargon. The committee determined that measured attributes for each symptom should include frequency, severity, and activity interference, assessed via discrete questions for each symptom. A standardized format for questions and response options, and plain language terms for each symptom were formulated. A web-based platform was developed for creating and administering the new PRO-CTCAE items. Conclusions: Based on a charge from the NCI, a patient version of the CTCAE system, known as the PRO-CTCAE, has been developed. This prototype is undergoing testing to assess its validity, usability, and feasibility for use in a variety of cancer care settings. The PRO-CTCAE system both will enhance adverse event reporting by directly integrating patient experiences and will foster consistency of data collection methods across studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Liver Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with First Line Folfiri-Containing Regimen: a Single Institution Experience
Authors: M. Imperatori, B. Vincenzi, A. Picardi, U. Vespasiani Gentilucci, V. Fausti, M. Spalato Ceruso, D. Santini, G. Tonini
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Modifying Factors in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in the Hamster Model. I. Effect of Protein-Free Diet Fed During the Early Stages of Carcinogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P M Pour, D F Birt, S Z Salmasi, U Götz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The role of protein in pancreatic carcinogenesis was examined in outbred Syrian golden hamsters treated with the pancreatic carcinogen N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) and fed a purified protein-free diet (PPFD). The PPFD was fed for 28 days from 8 weeks of age; before and after animals were fed PPFD, they were given a commercial diet (CD). BOP was given before PPFD feeding (group 1) or at 18 days (group 2) and 28 days (group 3) from the beginning of the PPFD feeding. BOP-treated control hamsters (group 4) were pair-fed a purified control diet (PCD) instead of PPFD. All animals fed PPFD and PCD were returned to a CD for the rest of the experiment, which was terminated in each group 52 weeks after BOP treatment. The results showed a highly significant reduction of tumor incidence (P less than 0.0001) in hamsters that received PPFD, when compared to those fed PCD, regardless of the time of carcinogen administration during the dietary regimen. Hamsters treated with BOP at 18 days of PPFD (group 2) developed neither benign nor malignant pancreatic tumors. The inhibition of pancreatic neoplasms was not related to reduced calorie consumption, since this occurred in the BOP-treated hamsters that were pair-fed the PCD diet. The results indicated that both the initiation and promotion of pancreatic carcinogenesis with BOP in hamsters can be inhibited by lack of protein in the diet given for 4 weeks during the early stages of the neoplastic process.
Low abundance protein enrichment for discovery of plasma protein biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer.
Authors: A. A. Quong, M. Gormley, R. Meng, V. B. Bhat, A. L. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

77 Background: Protein biomarkers for breast cancer are desired for early diagnosis, disease prognosis and drug response monitoring. Biomarkers in bodily fluids, such as plasma, allow for non-invasive monitoring and have additional value compared to tissue-based markers. Plasma-based biomarker discovery faces a challenge in that the wide dynamic range of protein concentrations prevents the detection of lower abundance proteins. In this study, we have investigated the use of a novel protein enrichment strategy combined with isobaric label-based LC-MS/MS as well as two experimental designs for the identification of biomarkers of early stage breast cancer. Methods: Plasma from 12 patients with benign breast lesions and 12 with stage I breast cancer were processed using ProteoMiner enrichment followed by on-bead digestion. Two types of standards were investigated: a pooled standard, consisting of equal portions from the 24 plasma digests and a universal standard. The samples were digested, labeled and analyzed using by HPLC-Chip/Q-TOF analysis. Proteins were identified and quantified using Spectrum Mill software. Results: Use of ProteoMiner beads resulted in extraction of sufficient protein for at least 10 technical replicates and cut down preparation time by 80%, as compared to MARS-based immunodepletion. A total of 414 plasma proteins were identified, 89% of which are low abundance plasma proteins and 14 of which were differentially expressed. Expression values normalized using the pooled vs. universal standards were significantly correlated. Conclusions: This study demonstrated use of the ProteoMiner technology for enrichment of low abundance proteins from plasma. Fourteen plasma-based biomarkers of stage I breast cancer were identified with statistical significance. A number of these proteins (e.g., protocadherin FAT2, flightless-1 homolog) have been linked to breast cancer relevant processes, such as cell migration, adhesion, estrogen receptor signaling and proliferation.
Efficacy of sequential use of docetaxel / 5-fluorouracil / cisplatin as first-line, and irinotecan/levofolinate/5-fluorouracil as second-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer
Authors: K. Sugiyama, A. Ishikawa, H. Sato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

15150 Background The prognosis for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is extremely poor, and efficacy of chemotherapy is limited with median survival times of around 9 months. Recently docetaxel (DOC) and irinotecan (CPT-11) seem to be effective for AGC as well as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP). This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of combination chemotherapy including sequential administration of these all key drugs. Methods Patients (pts) with AGC were treated with the chemotherapy consisted of DOC / 5-FU / CDDP (DOC 50mg/m 2 d1 + 5-FU 330mg/m 2 /bolus d1–4 + CDDP 9mg/m 2 d1–4; q4weeks or DOC 50mg/m 2 d1 + 5-FU1320mg/m 2 /48-h infusion over d1–2 + CDDP 18mg/m 2 d1–2; q3weeks) as 1st-line until disease progression and/or unacceptable toxicity. 2nd-line therapy was included CPT-11 / levofolinate (l-LV) / 5-FU combination (CPT-11 90mg/m 2 d1 + l-LV 75mg/m 2 d1 + 5-FU 330mg/m 2 /bolus d1 followed by 1400mg/m 2 /46-h infusion over d1–2; q2weeks or CPT-11 30mg/m 2 + l-LV 35mg/m 2 + 5-FU 330mg/m 2 /bolus d1,8,15,22; q6weeks). Toxicities and efficacy were evaluated according to the CTCAE v3.0 and the RECIST guidelines. Time to progression (TTP) and overall survival time (OS) was measured from the date of diagnosis. Results Ten pts (4 unresectable stage IV diseases, 6 postoperative metastatic diseases) were enrolled between May 2004 and October 2006. Median age was 72 years. Pts with ECOG PS 1/2 were 8, PS 3 were 2. Metastatic sites were liver 6, peritoneum 3, lymph nodes 5. Histological types were papillary/tubular 2, poorly/mucinous/signet ring 4, mixed 4. Median administered number of cycles were 4.5 for 1st-line, 3.5 for 2nd-line. Toxicities were tolerable, and all pts received 1st-line therapy until disease progression. Objective response rate was 20.0% (2PR, 8 SD). TTP ranges 4.4–14.0 months for 8pts (2pts remained SD). Median OS were not reached, and median observation time was 11.7 months (range; 2.9- 28.0 months) at the date of 31 Dec 2006. Conclusions DOC / 5-FU / CDDP combination as 1st-line, CPT-11 / l-LV / 5-FU combination as 2nd-line treatment appears active against AGC and improve the survival, without severe toxicity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effects of Cigarette Smoke on the Bronchial Epithelium of Syrian Hamsters: Ultrastructural Studies
Authors: H Reznik-Schüller, G Reznik, U Mohr
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

The effects of two types of research cigarettes, which differed in their total smoke delivery and condensate, on the bronchial epithelium of Syrian hamsters were examined electronmicroscopically. The animals were exposed once a day for 5 days each week for 1 year to the total smoke of the cigarettes. Two groups and a control group were killed 1 day after the last exposure, and one group 12 months after the last exposure. The bronchial epithelia of all smoke-exposed animals were hyperplastic, and their ultrastructure showed invaginations, tilt of nuclear axes, an increase in the number and size of lysosomes and multivesiculated bodies, and increased numbers of enlarged intramitochondrial granules. Squamous metaplasia, rarely found, was present at the stage of filamentous bundle formation. The induced alterations were independent of the type of cigarette used. One year after smoking was terminated, the alterations had neither reversed nor advanced, as compared to those occurring 1 day after the last smoke exposure.
Of Mice and Melanoma: PDX System for Modeling Personalized Medicine
Authors: Edward J. Hartsough, Andrew E. Aplin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Targeted therapies have advanced the treatment options for cutaneous melanoma, but many patients will progress on drug. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) can be used to recapitulate therapy-resistant tumors. Furthermore, PDX modeling can be utilized in combination with targeted sequencing and phosphoproteomic platforms, providing preclinical basis for second-line targeted inhibitor strategies. See related article by Krepler et al., p. 1592.
Quantitative Measurements of Blood Lymphocytes From Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and the Sézary Syndrome 2
Authors: Toby L. Litovitz, Marvin A. Lutzner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Nuclear contour index measurements of the lymphocytes of the Sézary syndrome, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia, and normal lymphocytes allowed quantitative determination of nuclear shape. The nuclear contour index was the ratio of nuclear circumference to the square root of the nuclear cross-sectional area. The distributions of nuclear contour index for lymphocytes of the Sezary syndrome, CLL, and normals had a definite pattern: CLL lymphocytes had the smallest index, whereas Sezary lymphocytes had indices higher than those of normal. lymphocytes with an index greater than a critical value were indicative of the Sézary syndrome. A distinct small cell sezary variant could not be distinguished by nuclear contour index or cell diameter.
Abstract 17129: Risk Stratification Using Myocardial Peak Longitudinal Strain on Speckle Tracking Transthoracic Echocardiogram to Predict Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Non Ishchemic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Subjects Confirmed by 320 Slice CT
Authors: Sawako Horie, Nobusada Funabashi, Akihisa Kataoka, Koya Ozawa, Hiroyuki Takaoka, Tomoko Umazume, Maiko Takahashi, Rei Yajima, Mariko Saito, Tomoko Kamata, Masae Uehara, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Purpose: To predict occurrence of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in non ischemic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) subjects, we compared myocardial regional maximum (max PLS) and global peak lo...
Association of β2-adrenoreceptor genotypes with prevention of COPD exacerbations by tiotropium or salmeterol in the POET-COPD® trial
Authors: Harald Koegler, Klaus F. Rabe, Kai M. Beeh, Thomas Glaab, Hendrik Schmidt, Leonardo M. Fabbri, Claus Vogelmeier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  β 2 -adrenoreceptor (ADRB2) polymorphisms are found at positions B16 (G16R) and B27 (Q27E). The POET-COPD® trial allowed assessing the effects of these polymorphisms on exacerbations in patients treated with tiotropium (Tio) or salmeterol (Sal).   Methods:  RCT comparing Tio 18 µg qd vs Sal pMDI 50 µg bid over 1 y. 7376 COPD patients aged ≥40 y, with a smoking history ≥10 pack-y, postBD FEV 1  ≤70% pred., FEV 1 /FVC ratio ≤0.7, ≥1 exacerbation in past year.   Results:  Genotype distribution and baseline characteristics of 5125 patients (69.5%) (Tio 2564; Sal 2561) who consented to genotyping were balanced between groups. Exacerbations in the Tio group were unaffected by B16 or B27 genotypes. While B27 did not affect Sal outcomes, B16 significantly modified the efficacy of Sal: The fraction of patients with ≥1 exacerbation was 32.3% in R16R, 39.8% in G16R, and 42.1% in G16G carriers (log rank  P -values vs R16R: 0.0130 and 0.0018, respectively). Among R16R carriers, exacerbation risk was similar between groups, while for G16G and G16R, Tio was more effective than Sal.   Conclusions:  In R16R carriers (16.5% of patients), Sal prevented exacerbations as effectively as Tio. In the majority of patients (83.5%), Tio was superior to the β 2 -AR agonist due to the limited benefit from the latter in G16G or G16R patients, while Tio was equally efficacious in all B16 genotypes.  Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim/Pfizer.
Valvulotomy for Mitral Stenosis
Authors: C. Baker, R. C. Brock, M. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1950)

All cases showed typical diastolic murmurs of mitral stenosis; all had accen- tuation of the pulmonary second sound.All had marked right axis deviation.t Only when pregnant seven years previously.TABLE II.-Data Obtained by Cardiac Catheterization in Patients with Mitral Stenosis.Before and After Operation.The
Predictive initial parameters for response of stage D prostate cancer to treatment with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist goserelin.
Authors: W Kreis, F R Ahmann, M Lesser, M Scott, R Caplan, T Gau, V Vinciguerra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

One hundred eighteen patients with stage D (D1 or D2) prostate cancer with a mean age of 69 years were treated with monthly goserelin (Zoladex; ICI 118, 630; ICI Americas Inc, Wilmington, DE, property of Imperial Chemical Industries PLC) injections and the data were analyzed for predictive parameters for best response and time to treatment failure (National Prostatic Cancer Project [NPCP] and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] criteria). For best response in a univariate analysis, the performance status (PS 0-1 v 2-3) (P = .01), hematocrit (P = .04), and pain (P = .04) were significant. For time to treatment failure by univariate analysis, ECOG performance status (0-1 v 2-3) was most predictive (P less than .0001), followed by pain at entry (P = .0002), initial testosterone (T) level (greater than 250 ng/dL) (P = .0005), age less than 69 years (P = .02), alkaline phosphatase (less than 115 IU/L) (P = .03), hemoglobin (less than 14 g/dL) (P = .03), whereas normal acid phosphatase (less than 3 IU/mL) (P = .29) was not predictive. In multivariate analysis for time to treatment failure, only the ECOG performance status was of significance (P = .01). Estimated median time to treatment failure for PS of 0-1 was 88 weeks and for PS of 2-3 was 31 weeks.
Intraperitoneal lymphokine-activated killer-cell and interleukin-2 therapy for malignancies limited to the peritoneal cavity.
Authors: R G Steis, W J Urba, L A VanderMolen, M A Bookman, J W Smith, J W Clark, R L Miller, E D Crum, S K Beckner, J E McKnight
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) were administered intraperitoneally (IP) to 24 patients with malignancies limited to the peritoneal space. Ten patients had ovarian cancer, 12 had colorectal cancer, and one patient each had endometrial carcinoma and primary small-bowel adenocarcinoma. All ovarian cancer patients, three of twelve colorectal cancer patients, and one patient with endometrial carcinoma had received prior therapy. Patients received IL-2 100,000 U/kg every 8 hours intravenously (IV) for 3 days, and 2 days later underwent daily leukapheresis for 5 days. LAK cells were generated in vitro by incubating the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in IL-2 for 7 days and were then administered IP daily for 5 days through a Tenckhoff catheter (Davol, Inc, Cranston, RI) together with IL-2 25,000 U/kg IP every 8 hours. All but one patient completed at least one cycle of therapy. Toxic side effects included minor to moderate hypotension, fever, chills, rash, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, oliguria, fluid retention, thrombocytopenia, and minor elevations of liver function tests; all of these rapidly improved after discontinuation of IL-2. One patient had a grand mal seizure, and one suffered a colonic perforation; these were felt to be treatment-related. IP fibrosis developed in 14 patients and limited repeated cyclic administration of this therapy in five patients. Two of 10 (20%) ovarian cancer patients and five of 12 (42%) colorectal cancer patients had laparoscopy- or laparotomy-documented partial responses. We conclude that LAK cells and rIL-2 can be administered IP to cancer patients, resulting in moderate to severe short-term toxicity and modest therapeutic efficacy. Further investigation of this form of adoptive immunotherapy modified to address the problem of IP fibrosis and with lower IP IL-2 doses is justified by these initial results.
The role of elective lymph node dissection in melanoma: rationale, results, and controversies.
Authors: C M Balch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Elective lymph node dissection (ELND) for patients with clinically occult metastatic melanoma in regional lymph nodes has the goal of curing metastases with a surgical treatment. This is in contrast to the low probability for surgical cure in patients with clinically detectable lymph node metastases. The rationale for elective node dissection is based on a hypothesis that melanoma metastasizes sequentially via lymph nodes and then to distant sites. A subgroup of melanoma patients with high risk for regional node micrometastases but low risk for distant micrometastases has been identified from prognostic factors analysis of large patient series, as well as surgical results of nonrandomized clinical trials. However, two nonrandomized surgical trials have failed to show a survival benefit for ELND. These studies were largely performed in female patients with extremity melanomas and there were limitations that preclude a definitive conclusion. No randomized trials have been conducted involving melanomas of the trunk or head and neck. Two prospective randomized surgical trials are now being conducted in North America and in Europe. Until the results of these trials are available, physicians are encouraged to enter patients into these ongoing clinical trials or consider ELND in selected patients where the benefit-risk ratio justifies it. Factors to be considered in this decision include intermediate tumor thickness (ie, 1 to 4 mm thickness), anatomic site, histology (ulceration and growth pattern), and the risk of the operation in individual patient settings.