tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
London 2012 Paralympic Games: bringing sight to the blind?
Authors: Nick Webborn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

It may not go down in history as the ‘miracle of London’ but the 2012 Paralympic Games truly brought about changes in attitudes towards people with disabilities that will be enduring. Going into the Games there were doubters, ‘do not carers’ and people ignorant to the achievements of Paralympians. The Olympic Games was an unqualified success but how would the nation and people around the world respond to the Paralympic Games?

The day after Sarah Storey won Great Britain's (GB) first gold medal she came into the GB Medical Centre to sign our medal board (figures 1⇓–3). The front pages of the national newspapers were covered with her picture and the story of her gold medal performance. We knew that something had changed. Being a home games, there was certainly a greater media interest for ParalympicsGB going into the Games, but we were unprepared for …
Natural groups of transformations underlying apparent motion and perceived object shape and color
Authors: David H. Foster
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Shepard's analysis of how shape, motion, and color are perceptually represented can be generalized. Apparent motion and shape may be associated with a group of spatial transformations, accounting for rigid and plastic motion, and perceived object color may be associated with a group of illuminant transformations, accounting for the discriminability of surface-reflectance changes and illuminant changes beyond daylight. The phenomenological and mathematical parallels between these perceptual domains may indicate common organizational rules, rather than specific ecological adaptations. [Barlow; Hecht; Kubovy &amp; Epstein; Schwartz; Shepard; Todorovič]
Effect of Ramipril vs Amlodipine on Renal Outcomes in Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Lawrence Y. Agodoa
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextIncidence of end-stage renal disease due to hypertension has increased in recent decades, but the optimal strategy for treatment of hypertension to prevent renal failure is unknown, especially among African Americans.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ramipril), a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), and a β-blocker (metoprolol) on hypertensive renal disease progression.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsInterim analysis of a randomized, double-blind, 3 × 2 factorial trial conducted in 1094 African Americans aged 18 to 70 years with hypertensive renal disease (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] of 20-65 mL/min per 1.73 m2) enrolled between February 1995 and September 1998. This report compares the ramipril and amlodipine groups following discontinuation of the amlodipine intervention in September 2000.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to receive amlodipine, 5 to 10 mg/d (n = 217), ramipril, 2.5 to 10 mg/d (n = 436), or metoprolol, 50 to 200 mg/d (n = 441), with other agents added to achieve 1 of 2 blood pressure goals.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was the rate of change in GFR; the main secondary outcome was a composite index of the clinical end points of reduction in GFR of more than 50% or 25 mL/min per 1.73 m2, end-stage renal disease, or death.ResultsAmong participants with a urinary protein to creatinine ratio of &gt;0.22 (corresponding approximately to proteinuria of more than 300 mg/d), the ramipril group had a 36% (2.02 [SE, 0.74] mL/min per 1.73 m2/y) slower mean decline in GFR over 3 years (P = .006) and a 48% reduced risk of the clinical end points vs the amlodipine group (95% confidence interval [CI], 20%-66%). In the entire cohort, there was no significant difference in mean GFR decline from baseline to 3 years between treatment groups (P = .38). However, compared with the amlodipine group, after adjustment for baseline covariates the ramipril group had a 38% reduced risk of clinical end points (95% CI, 13%-56%), a 36% slower mean decline in GFR after 3 months (P = .002), and less proteinuria (P&lt;.001).ConclusionRamipril, compared with amlodipine, retards renal disease progression in patients with hypertensive renal disease and proteinuria and may offer benefit to patients without proteinuria.
Component Resolved Diagnosis In Baker's Asthma
Authors: Cristina Gómez-Casado, Paloma Campo, Maria Garrido, C. Pereira, Arantxa Palacin, La Rivas, M. Catarino, Ana Aranda, Maria Luisa Macias, Alicia Armentia, S. Quirce, Miguel Blanca, Araceli Diaz Perales
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
The Mechanism and Incidence of Cardiovascular Changes in Paget's Disease (Osteitis Deformans)
Authors: C. FRANKLIN SORNBERGER, MAGNUS I. SMEDAL
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Although abundant evidence of concomitant cardiovascular disease is scattered throughout the literature on osteitis deformans, appreciation of the etiologic relationship between the two diseases has been lacking. This paper shows that cardiovascular disease accompanying extensive osteitis deformans may result from: (1) excessive demand on the heart from increased vascularity of affected bones; (2) the influence of concomitant arteriosclerosis apparently exceeding the normal for the age concerned; (3) characteristic thoracic spine deformities which compromise cardiorespiratory function, and (4) hypertension. Fifty-four cases are presented. The incidence of cardiovascular disease exceeds that in the general population of the same age and corresponds with the extent of skeletal involvement.
Phase 2 study of dose-intense temozolomide in recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: A. D. Norden, G. J. Lesser, J. Drappatz, K. L. Ligon, S. N. Hammond, E. Q. Lee, D. R. Reardon, C. E. Fadul, S. R. Plotkin, T. T. Batchelor, J.-J. Zhu, R. Beroukhim, A. Muzikansky, L. Doherty, D. Lafrankie, K. Smith, V. Tafoya, R. Lis, E. C. Stack, M. R. Rosenfeld, P. Y. Wen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Among patients with glioblastoma (GBM) who progress on standard temozolomide, the optimal therapy is unknown. Resistance to temozolomide is partially mediated by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Because MGMT may be depleted by prolonged temozolomide administration, dose-intense schedules may overcome resistance. This was a multicenter, phase 2, single-arm study of temozolomide (75–100 mg/m2/day) for 21 days of each 28-day cycle. Patients had GBM in first recurrence after standard therapy. The primary end point was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS6). Fifty-eight participants were accrued, 3 of whom were ineligible for analysis; one withdrew before response assessment. There were 33 men (61%), with a median age of 57 years (range, 25–79 years) and a median Karnofsky performance score of 90 (range, 60–100). Of 47 patients with MGMT methylation results, 36 (65%) had methylated tumors. There were 7 (13%) partial responses, and PFS6 was only 11%. Response and PFS did not depend on MGMT status; MSH2, MLH1, or ERCC1 expression; the number of prior temozolomide cycles; or the time off temozolomide. Treatment was well tolerated, with limited grade 3 neutropenia (n = 2) or thrombocytopenia (n = 2). Dose-intense temozolomide on this schedule is safe in recurrent GBM. However, efficacy is marginal and predictive biomarkers are needed.
Loss of Bone Density with Inhaled Triamcinolone in Lung Health Study II
Authors: Paul D. Scanlon, John E. Connett, Robert A. Wise, Donald P. Tashkin, Thelma Madhok, Melissa Skeans, Paul C. Carpenter, William C. Bailey, A. Sonia Buist, Michael Eichenhorn, Richard E. Kanner, Gail Weinmann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) are commonly prescribed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No adverse effect on bone mineral density (BMD) has been proven. In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at seven centers in North America, we recruited 412 current smokers or recent quitters with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They used inhaled triamcinolone acetonide, 600 mcg, or placebo, twice daily. We measured femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD at baseline and after 1 and 3 years, and serum osteocalcin at baseline, 3 months, 1 year, and 3 years. After 3 years, BMD at the femoral neck decreased 1.78% more with ICS than with placebo (p < 0.001). More participants in the ICS group experienced 6% or more loss of femoral neck BMD (p = 0.002). Lumbar spine BMD increased in the placebo group by 0.98% but decreased by 0.35% in the ICS group (a difference of 1.33%, p = 0.007). Changes in osteocalcin did not correlate with changes in BMD. Fractures, lost height, or osteoporosis diagnoses were not increased among ICS users compared with placebo users. In summary, the use of inhaled triamcinolone acetonide was associated with loss of BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine after 3 years of treatment.
Intestinal folate absorption in methotrexate treated psoriatic patients
Authors: P. DUHRA, C. HODGSON, J. A. MARTIN, P. J. STABLEFORTH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Thirty‐one psoriatic patients 14 of whom were being treated with methotrexate (MTX), participated in a controlled study to evaluate the influence of MTX therapy on the intestinal absorption of folate. Low serum and red cell folate levels in the MTX treated group confirmed previously reported findings. However, analysis of the intestinal absorption profile yielded no significant difference between the two groups. It was concluded that MTX therapy for psoriasis does not adversely affect the intestinal absorption of folate and the observed low body folate status is probably mainly the result of enhanced renal excretion.
Lipoproteins, Liver Disease, and Atherosclerosis
Authors: F. T. PIERCE, J. W. GOFMAN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The blood levels of the S f 10-20 class of giant cholesterol-bearing lipoproteins were studied in a group of patients with cirrhosis. No significant difference was observed between the blood levels of this group and of a similar group of normal individuals of corresponding age and sex. This observation suggests that patients with cirrhosis are as susceptible to atherosclerosis as the general population.
Impaired glucose-insulin metabolism in males with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: N. Meslier, F. Gagnadoux, P. Giraud, C. Person, H. Ouksel, T. Urban, J-L. Racineux
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the frequency of type-2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in a large clinic-based male population presenting various degrees of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and to analyse the relationship between OSAS and glucose-insulin metabolism. Male patients (n=595) with suspected OSAS underwent both nocturnal polysomnography and a 2-h oral glucose-tolerance test with measurements of fasting and postload blood glucose and plasma insulin. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the ratio of fasting glucose to fasting insulin. OSAS was diagnosed in 494 patients, while 101 patients were nonapnoeic snorers. Type-2 diabetes was present in 30.1% of OSAS patients and 13.9% of nonapnoeic snorers. IGT was diagnosed in 20.0% of OSAS patients and 13.9% of nonapnoeic snorers. Fasting and postload blood glucose increased with severity of sleep apnoea. Insulin sensitivity decreased with increasing severity of sleep apnoea. In addition to body mass index and age, the apnoea/hypopnoea index independently influenced postload blood glucose and insulin sensitivity. The authors conclude that in a clinic-based sample of patients, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is associated with a high frequency of type-2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. The relationship between sleep-disordered breathing and impaired glucose-insulin metabolism is independent of obesity and age.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a marathon runner * COMMENTARY
Authors: D A Townes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

A previously healthy 19 year old male presented to the emergency department complaining of soreness in his neck, difficulty taking a deep breath, and a “crinkly feeling” in his neck and upper chest after running a marathon. He was diagnosed with spontaneous pneumomediastinum. He did not require any intervention or hospitalisation and made a full recovery.
IRE1α Induces Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein to Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Promote Programmed Cell Death under Irremediable ER Stress
Authors: Alana G. Lerner, John-Paul Upton, P.V.K. Praveen, Rajarshi Ghosh, Yoshimi Nakagawa, Aeid Igbaria, Sarah Shen, Vinh Nguyen, Bradley J. Backes, Myriam Heiman, Nathaniel Heintz, Paul Greengard, Simon Hui, Qizhi Tang, Ala Trusina, Scott A. Oakes, Feroz R. Papa
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Suggestive Evidence for a Susceptibility Gene Near the Vitamin D Receptor Locus in Idiopathic Calcium Stone Formation
Authors: PATRICK SCOTT, DENIS OUIMET, LUC VALIQUETTE, GÉRALD GUAY, YANICK PROULX, MARIE-LUCIE TROUVE, BERNARD GAGNON, ALAIN BONNARDEAUX
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Calcium is the principal crystalline constituent in up to 80% of kidney stones. Epidemiologic studies have suggested that genetic predisposition plays a major role in the etiology of this condition. This study evaluates by a candidate-gene approach whether the vitamin D receptor (VDR) locus on chromosome 12q12-14 is implicated in idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis in a cohort of 47 French Canadian pedigrees. These comprised 54 sibships with a total of 303 pairs of siblings concordant for > or =1 stone episode. Evidence is provided for linkage to nephrolithiasis with microsatellite marker D12S339 (near the VDR locus, P = 0.01), as well as with flanking markers (D12S1663: P = 0.03 and D12S368: P = 0.01). Inclusion of unaffected sibs in the analyses also supported evidence for linkage. Quantitative trait linkage analysis of urinary calcium excretion yielded linkage to some, but not all, markers. This appears to be the first study to suggest linkage for idiopathic calcium stone formation.
Results of a Phase 1 Study of AME-133v (LY2469298), an Fc-Engineered Humanized Monoclonal Anti-CD20 Antibody, in FcγRIIIa-Genotyped Patients with Previously Treated Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Andres Forero-Torres, Sven de Vos, Brad L. Pohlman, Maksim Pashkevich, Damien M. Cronier, Nam H. Dang, Susan P. Carpenter, Barrett W. Allan, James G. Nelson, Christopher A. Slapak, Mitchell R. Smith, Brian K. Link, James E. Wooldridge, Kristen N. Ganjoo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: AME-133v is a humanized monoclonal antibody engineered to have increased affinity to CD20 and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) better than rituximab. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy were assessed in a phase 1/2 trial in patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (FL). Patients and Methods: AME-133v was characterized in vitro by ADCC and cell binding assays. A phase 1 study was conducted in which 23 previously treated patients with FL were assigned sequentially to one of five dose-escalation cohorts of AME-133v at 2, 7.5, 30, 100, or 375 mg/m2 weekly × 4 doses. Results: AME-133v showed a 13- to 20-fold greater binding affinity for CD20 and was 5- to 7-fold more potent than rituximab in ADCC assays. Cell binding assays showed AME-133v and rituximab competed for an overlapping epitope on the CD20 antigen, and AME-133v inhibited binding of biotinylated rituximab to CD20 in a concentration-dependent manner. AME-133v was well tolerated by patients and common related adverse events included chills and fatigue. One patient experienced a dose-limiting toxicity of neutropenia. AME-133v showed nonlinear pharmocokinetics with properties similar to rituximab. Selective reduction of B cells during and after AME-133v treatment was shown by flow cytometry of peripheral blood. A partial or complete response was observed in 5 of 23 (22%) patients and the median progression-free survival was 25.4 weeks. Conclusions: AME-133v was safe and well tolerated at the doses tested. AME-133v showed encouraging results as an anti-CD20 therapy in heavily pretreated FL patients with the less favorable FcγRIIIa F-carrier genotype. Clin Cancer Res; 18(5); 1395–403. ©2012 AACR.
Systemic lupus erythematosus. A prospective analysis.
Authors: R Grigor, J Edmonds, R Lewkonia, B Bresnihan, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

The spectrum of organ involvement in 50 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has been assessed in a prospective study. All patients were admitted to hospital electively for 2 days and a complete clinical and laboratory assessment protocol completed. Subsequent hospital admissions depended on clinical status. The overall mean observation period was 29 months. Widespread multisystem involvement was found in every patient. Subclinical abnormalities of respiratory and cerebral function were common even in patients in clinical remission. A more conservative approach than has been generally recommended was used for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus and is supported by the estimated 5-year survival of 98%.
Bcr Interacts with Components of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport-I and Is Required for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Turnover
Authors: Oyenike O. Olabisi, Gwendolyn M. Mahon, Elena V. Kostenko, Zhuoming Liu, Harvey L. Ozer, Ian P. Whitehead
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Virtually all patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) express an aberrant protein (p210 Bcr-Abl) that contains NH2-terminal sequences from Bcr fused to COOH-terminal sequences from Abl. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified TSG101 as a binding partner for Bcr. Because TSG101 is a subunit of the mammalian endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), which regulates protein sorting during endosomal trafficking, this association suggests that Bcr may have a related cellular function. The docking site for TSG101 has been mapped to the COOH terminus of Bcr, indicating that this interaction may be disrupted in CML. Overexpression studies with full-length TSG101 and Bcr reveal that this interaction can be recapitulated in mammalian cells. The association can also be observed between natively expressed proteins in a panel of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lines, where a second subunit of the ESCRT complex, vacuolar sorting protein 28 (Vps28), was also found to interact with Bcr. Both Bcr and TSG101 exhibit a punctate cytoplasmic distribution and seem to colocalize in HeLa cells, which would be consistent with an in vivo association. Bacterially purified Bcr and TSG101 also bind, suggesting that the interaction is direct and is not dependent on ubiquitination. Disruption of the endosomal pathway with an ATPase-defective Vps4 mutant results in the cellular redistribution of Bcr, and suppression of Bcr in HeLa cells by small interfering RNA impairs epidermal growth factor receptor turnover. Taken together, these observations suggest that Bcr is a component of the mammalian ESCRT complexes and plays an important role in cellular trafficking of growth factor receptors.
Is cumulative frequency of mitochondrial DNA variants a biomarker for colorectal tumor progression?
Authors: Felix O Aikhionbare, Masood Khan, Delicia Carey, Joel Okoli, Rodney Go
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2004)

To examine the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations and colorectal tumorigenesis, we used high-resolution restriction endonucleases and sequencing to assess the mitochondrial genome from three histologic subtypes of colorectal adenomas (tubular = 8; tubulovillous = 9; and villous = 8), colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues = 27, and their matched surrounding normal tissue (MSNT) = 52. The mitochondrial genomes were amplified using 9 pairs of overlapping primers and systematically analyzed by means of high-resolution analysis. DNA fragments showing a shift in banding patterns between the three adenomas, CRC, in comparison to the MSNT were sequenced to identify the mtDNA alterations. A total of thirty-eight germ-line mtDNA variants were observed in this study. Twenty-two of the thirty-eight were identified as mutations and 59% (13 of 22) were silent mutations and one was a 1-bp insertion. Sixteen of thirty-eight were distinct SNPs in flanking regions of the restriction sites and, 6 of the 16 (37%) SNPs were not previously reported. Most of these mutations/SNPs were homoplasmic and distributed in various regions of mitochondrial genes including the 16S and 12S rRNA. Based on our results, mtDNA germline variants increased in prevalence with adenoma CRC progression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show an increased prevalence of mitochondrial gene variants in CRC tumorigenesis.
<i>bcl-2</i> Rearrangement in Mixed Cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Andreas Himmelmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters5 August 2003bcl-2 Rearrangement in Mixed CryoglobulinemiaAndreas Himmelmann, MDAndreas Himmelmann, MDUniversity Hospital Zurich; 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (Himmelmann)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-3-200308050-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their interesting report, Zignego and colleagues (1) observed that the translocation t(14; 18) involving the bcl-2 oncogene is much more common in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and mixed cryoglobulinemia, particularly those with type II disease. They measured Bcl-2 protein expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of two patients carrying the translocation and two controls and found overexpression of Bcl-2 protein in the former. In their Figure 3, they also showed that Bcl-2 expression in PBMCs is largely confined to B cells.However, when Bcl-2 expression is compared in PBMCs, the number of ...References1. Zignego AL, Ferri C, Giannelli F, Giannini C, Caini P, Monti M, . Prevalence of bcl-2 rearrangement in patients with hepatitis C virusrelated mixed cryoglobulinemia with or without B-cell lymphomas. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:571-80. [PMID: 12353944] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Himmelmann A, Gautschi O, Nawrath M, Bolliger U, Fehr J, Stahel RA. Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis is an expansion of functional IgD(+)CD27(+) memory B cells. Br J Haematol. 2001;114:400-5. [PMID: 11529864] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Troussard X, Flandrin G. Chronic B-cell lymphocytosis with binucleated lymphocytes (LWBL): a review of 38 cases. Leuk Lymphoma. 1996;20:275-9. [PMID: 8624467] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Perl A, Gorevic PD, Ryan DH, Condemi JJ, Ruszkowski RJ, Abraham GN. Clonal B cell expansions in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia. Clin Exp Immunol. 1989;76:54-60. [PMID: 2786780] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital Zurich; 8091 Zurich, Switzerland (Himmelmann) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPrevalence of bcl-2 Rearrangement in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus–Related Mixed Cryoglobulinemia with or without B-Cell Lymphomas Anna Linda Zignego , Clodoveo Ferri , Francesca Giannelli , Carlo Giannini , Patrizio Caini , Monica Monti , Maria Eugenia Marrocchi , Elena Di Pietro , Giorgio La Villa , Giacomo Laffi , and Paolo Gentilini Metrics 5 August 2003Volume 139, Issue 3Page: 232KeywordsB cellsBlood cellsCellsHepatitis C virusInfectious hepatitisLymphomaMemoryOncogenesPolymerase chain reactionProteins ePublished: 5 August 2003 Issue Published: 5 August 2003 CopyrightCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...