tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antipsychotics and Increased Mortality
Authors: Mark S. Baron
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Increased risk of cervical cancer in high-risk families with and without mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
Authors: K. Rhiem, C. Fischer, K. Bosse, B. Wappenschmidt, R. K. Schmutzler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

5588 Background: In BRCA germline mutation carriers increased risks for cancer at other sites than breast and ovary have been reported. Methods: To evaluate the risk of BRCA-associated cancers, we conducted a cross-section analysis in 4405 individuals from 409 families with BRCA1 (n=86) or BRCA2 mutations (n=53) and 270 high risk BRCA1/2 negative families ascertained by the Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer Center Cologne. We considered proven mutation carriers, individuals affected by breast and ovarian cancer and their first degree relatives and identified 921 individuals from BRCA1 (604 female; 317 male), 571 from BRCA2 (365 female; 206 male) and 2913 from BRCA1/2 negative (1938 female; 975 male) families that suffered from 677 cancers other than breast and ovarian cancers. Relative risks (RR) of the study group compared to the general population were evaluated by the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), using data from two German Cancer Registries. Results: The risk for cervical cancer is significantly increased in women from BRCA1 and BRCA2 positive (RR=4.59, 95% CI=2.20 to 8.44, and RR=3.69, 95% CI=1.20 to 8.61; p=&lt;0.001) and from BRCA1/2 negative families (RR=2.97, 95% CI=1.88 to 4.45). Moreover, the risk for pancreatic cancer in women from BRCA2 positive and BRCA1/2 negative families as well as the risk for prostate cancer in men from BRCA2 positive families is increased (RR=5.10, 95% CI=1.65 to 11.90; RR=1.98, 95% CI=1.02 to 3.46; RR=2.09; 95% CI=1.00 to 3.84). Conclusions: We here report an increased risk of cervical cancer for women from BRCA1 and BRCA2 positive and from BRCA1/2 negative high risk families, respectively. These results are in line with other studies in BRCA1 and 2 positive individuals and should be considered in the clinical risk management of these individuals. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
BMA calls for changes to end of life care
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Doctors should not pursue aggressive but non-beneficial attempts to prolong life, says a report from the BMA on end of life care and physician assisted dying.1

The report said that more should be done to identify patients who are likely to be approaching the end of life—in particular, frail older patients with multiple comorbidities—which should then trigger a review of the goals of different medical interventions and the patient’s medicines.

It said that people nearing the end of life should receive only appropriate and proportionate treatment. The report called for more training to help doctors …
Hsp70 protects from stroke in atrial fibrillation patients by preventing thrombosis without increased bleeding risk
Authors: Mikel Allende, Eva Molina, Elisabet Guruceaga, Ibai Tamayo, José Ramón González-Porras, Tomás José Gonzalez-López, Estefanía Toledo, Obdulia Rabal, Ana Ugarte, Vanesa Roldán, José Rivera, Julen Oyarzabal, Ramón Montes, José Hermida
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for cardio-embolic stroke. Anticoagulant drugs are effective in preventing AF-related stroke. However, the high frequency of anticoagulant-associated major bleeding is a major concern. This study sought to identify new targets to develop safer antithrombotic therapies. Here, microarray analysis in peripheral blood cells in eight patients with AF and stroke and eight AF subjects without stroke brought to light a stroke-related gene expression pattern. HSPA1B, which encodes for heat-shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70), was the most differentially expressed gene. This gene was down-regulated in stroke subjects, a finding confirmed further in an independent AF cohort of 200 individuals. Hsp70 knock-out mice subjected to different thrombotic challenges developed thrombosis significantly earlier than their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Remarkably, the tail bleeding time was unchanged. Accordingly, both TRC051384 and tubastatin A, i.e. two Hsp70 inducers via different pathways, delayed thrombus formation in WT mice, the tail bleeding time still being unaltered. Most interestingly, Hsp70 inducers did not increase the bleeding risk even when aspirin was concomitantly administered. Hsp70 induction was associated with an increased vascular thrombomodulin expression and higher circulating levels of activated protein C upon thrombotic stimulus. Hsp70 induction is a novel approach to delay thrombus formation with minimal bleeding risk, and is especially promising for treating AF patients and in other situations where there is also a major bleeding hazard.
Detection of a Human Serum DNA-Binding Protein Associated With Malignant Disease<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>
Authors: R G Parsons, P H Aldenderfer, R Kowal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Human serum DNA-binding proteins were fractionated by DNA-cellulos affinity chromatography. Electrophoretic resolution of these protein fractions allowed the direct comparison of DNA-binding proteins from pools of serum from cancer patients, fetuses, or normal humans. A protein band detected in the fraction eluted by 0.6 m NaCl was elevated in pooled cancer serum, compared to normal or fetal serum. This malignant diseases-assoociated DNA-binding protein (MAD-2) did not react with a variety of antisera directed against specific human serum proteins, blood components, or tumor markers. A chromatography-electrophoresis assay system for MAD-2 that allows the simultaneous determination of 20–30 serum samples was developed. This assay system was used for a preliminary clinical study, which revealed elevated MAD-2 levels in sera from pregnant woman and individuals with various carcinomas, compared to levels in sera obtained from normal individuals, patients with nonmalignant diseases, or fetal cord samples.
The frequency characteristics and outcomes among cancer patients with delirium admitted to an acute palliative care unit (APCU).
Authors: Maxine Grace Jaucian De La Cruz, Viraj Ransing, Sriram Yennu, Gary B. Chisholm, Eduardo Bruera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

158 Background: Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric condition seen in patients (pts) with severe illness such as advanced cancer. Few studies on delirium frequency and course had been undertaken in pts with advanced cancer. We aimed to determine the frequency, characteristics and outcomes of pts with advanced cancer admitted to an APCU. Methods: Medical records of 609 consecutive pts admitted to the acute palliative care unit from January 2011-December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS), Palliative Medicine specialist (PMS) diagnosis of delirium, delirium etiology, subtype, reversibility, late development of delirium, and discharge outcome were collected. Delirium was diagnosed with MDAS score &gt; 7 or by a PMS using DSM-IV TR Criteria. All pts admitted to the APCU had standardized assessments and management of delirium per best practice guidelines in delirium management. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: 317/609 (52%) APCU pts had a diagnosis of delirium; 214/317 (67%) on admission and 103/317 (33%) developed delirium after admission to the APCU. Hyperactive delirium was the most frequent type of delirium 117/317 (37%) followed by hypoactive 101/317 (32%) and mixed type 91/317 (29%). Haloperidol was the most commonly used medication to treat symptoms of delirium 210/317 (66%) followed by chlorpromazine 61/317 (19%). The use of olanzapine, lorazepam and other antipsychotics were minimal. Other interventions included opioid rotation 55/119 (46%), hydration 10/119 (8%), antibiotics 2/119 (2%) and combination treatment of opioid rotation, hydration, correction of electrolytes and antibiotics 52/119 (44%). Counseling of the caregivers and patient when indicated was performed in all cases. Delirium reversed in 98/317 (31%) of episodes. The majority of pts with delirium were discharged to hospice 130/317 (41%). Conclusions: About half of the pts admitted to the APCU had delirium. The predominant type was hyperactive delirium. Reversibility occurred in only a third of cases. Haloperidol was the main pharmacological agent. Pts with delirium were more frequently discharged to hospice.
Abstract 11443: Predictive Value of Left Atrial Deformation on Prognosis in Severe Primary Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Li-Tan Yang, Jhih-Yuan Shih, Yen-Wen Liu, Yi-Heng Li, Liang-Miin Tsai, Chwan-Yau Luo, Wei-Chuan Tsai
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background:  Left atrial (LA) deformation parameters represented by strain and strain rate were decreased in severe primary mitral regurgitation (MR). However, the prognostic effects of these parameters were still unknown.   Methods:  We recruited 115 (56.5% men, 57±16 years) consecutive patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (New York Heart Association functional classification I or II) severe primary MR and preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function prospectively. LA deformation indexes including global peak LA longitudinal strain (LASp), peak strain rate in reservoir phase (LASRr), and in conduit phase (LASRc) were identified using the two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.   Results:  After a mean follow-up period of 8.4 ± 7.8 months, 30 (26%) patients reached the composite end-points (heart failure progression or admission, new atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, mitral valve repair or replacement). Presence of AF (30 vs. 9.4 %; p = 0.006), LV end-systolic dimension (3.5 ± 0.5 vs. 3.3 ± 0.5 cm; p = 0.035), early trans-mitral velocity to tissue Doppler mitral annular early diastolic velocity ratio (E/e’) (13.4 ± 4.2 vs. 11.5 ± 3.8; p = 0.032), LASp (23.5 ±  9.2 vs. 27.8 ± 10.0 %; p = 0.078) and LASRc (-1.9 ± 0.6 vs. -2.3 ± 0.8  1/s; p = 0.058) were different between patients with and without end-points. After Cox regression analysis controlling AF status, only LASp (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.890-0.994, p = 0.03) and LASRc (OR 2.236, 95%CI 1.033-4.842, p = 0.041) were independent factors for the occurrence of end-points. By dividing subjects into 2 groups with equal patient numbers (cutoff values LASp 25.4 % and LASRc -2.0 1/s), the Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed significant differences or a trend toward differences in terms of the composite endpoints.   Conclusion:  Among patients with severe primary MR and insignificant symptoms, reduced LASp and increased LASRc were correlated with worse prognosis.
Homicidally aggressive young children: neuropsychiatric and experiential correlates
Authors: D O Lewis, S S Shanok, M Grant, E Ritvo
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Of 55 children admitted to a children's psychiatric service, 21 were homicidally aggressive. Psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses did not distinguish these children from the nonhomicidal children, but the homicidally aggressive children were significantly more likely to 1) have a father who behaved violently, often homicidally, 2) have had a seizure, 3) have attempted suicide, and 4) have a mother who had been hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder. The authors explore explanations for the contribution of these factors to juvenile violence.
Abstract P4-14-08: Intraoperative ultrasound guidance for excision of non-palpable breast cancer
Authors: MW Barentsz, T van Dalen, PD Gobardhan, V Bongers, CI Perre, RM Pijnappel, MA van den Bosch, HM Verkooijen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The effectiveness of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) for preoperative localization of non-palpable breast cancers within the operation theatre has not been studied extensively. In this prospective cohort study, we compared margin status, re-excision rate and excised volume of IOUS to guidewire localization (GWL). Methods: A total of 258 consecutive patients with non-palpable invasive breast cancer underwent breast conserving surgery between 1999–2010. GWL was performed in 138 (54%) and IOUS in 120 (46%) patients. Tumour dimensions, resection volume, margin status and re-excision rates were compared by means of multivariate regression analysis. Calculated resection ratios, i.e. indicating the amount of excess tissue resection, were calculated by dividing the total resection volume by the optimal resection volume (the tumor diameter plus a 1.0 cm margin) and compared between the groups. Results: The groups were similar in terms of age, histological subtype and presence of DCIS. Lesions in the IOUS group were larger (1.24 vs. 0.98 cm), while lesions in the GWL group consisted more often of microcalcifications only (19% vs. 3%). Tumour free resection margins were obtained in more than 93% of patients (93.5% with GWL vs. 93.3% with IOUS, P = .958) and re-excision was performed in 11.0% of patients undergoing GWL and 12.5% of patients undergoing IOUS (P = .684). In both groups, resection volumes were similar, but IOUS led to more optimal tissue resection (calculated resection ratio 4.33 vs 3.30, P = .018). After adjustment for tumor diameter, radiological findings and presence of DCIS, the difference in calculated resection volumes was no longer significant. Conclusion: For localization of non-palpable breast cancer, IOUS is a reliable alternative to GWL, as it achieves similar results in terms of complete tumour removal, re-excision rate and excised volume. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-08.
Electrodiagnostic Tests in Polyneuropathy and Radiculopathy
Authors: Brian C. Callaghan, James F. Burke, Eva L. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Carfilzomib reverses pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Xinhong Wang, Yasmine F. Ibrahim, Dividutta Das, Makhosazane Zungu-Edmondson, Nataliia V. Shults, Yuichiro J. Suzuki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a lethal disease with pronounced narrowing of pulmonary vessels due to abnormal cell growth. Agents that can reduce the pulmonary vascular thickness thus have therapeutic potential. The present study investigated the efficacy of carfilzomib (CFZ), a proteasome inhibitor and a cancer chemotherapeutic drug, on reversing PAH.In two rat models of PAH, SU5416/hypoxia and SU5416/ovalbumin, CFZ effectively reversed pulmonary vascular remodelling with the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy. In human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, knocking down mediators of autophagy attenuated CFZ-induced cell death. The cell death role of autophagy was promoted by the participation of tumour protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 1. CFZ increased the protein ubiquitination, and siRNA knockdown of ubiquitin inhibited cell death, suggesting that CFZ-induced cell death is ubiquitin-dependent. Mass spectrometry demonstrated the ubiquitination of major vault protein and heat shock protein 90 in response to CFZ. The siRNA knockdown of these proteins enhanced CFZ-induced cell death, revealing that they are cell survival factors. CFZ reduced right-ventricular pressure and enhanced the efficacy of a vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside. While no indications of CFZ toxicity were observed in the right ventricle of PAH rats, apoptosis was promoted in the left ventricle. Apoptosis was prevented by dexrazoxane or by pifithrin-α without interfering with the efficacy of CFZ to reverse pulmonary vascular remodelling.The addition of anti-tumour agents such as CFZ along with cardioprotectants to currently available vasodilators may be a promising way to improve PAH therapy.
In Vitro Host Range and Serologic Studies on RD-l14 Virus2
Authors: Suraiya Rasheed, Robert M. McAllister, Brian E. Henderson, Murray B. Gardner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Of the human cell cultures, 76 of 81 (94%) were productively infected with RD-114 virus. None of 8 cat-embryo cell cultures susceptible to FeLV were infected with RD-114. Syncytia were induced in 2 human cell cultures, but no morphologic transformation was observed in any infected human or animal cultures for 2–3 months. Specific complement-fixing antibodies to RD-114 gs or envelope antigen were not detected in human or cat cancer or control sera.
Assessment of depression in childhood and adolescence: an evaluation of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC)
Authors: M E Faulstich, M P Carey, L Ruggiero, P Enyart, F Gresham
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

Psychometric characteristics of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) were evaluated with 148 child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were adequate. Principal components analysis identified three distinct factors: behavioral and cognitive components of depression and a happiness dimension. However, subsequent factor scores and CES-DC total scores were unable to discriminate DSM-III diagnoses, including depressive and nondepressive categories. The CES-DC showed poor reliability and validity in the children alone but had good psychometric properties for the adolescents. More validational research is required before standard clinical use can be recommended.
Austerity is linked to rising mortality among older pensioners
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Cuts to benefits for poorer pensioners have been linked to rising mortality rates among those aged 85 and above, in a study published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine .1

A long term decline in the mortality of people aged 85 years and over has occurred in England, but this reversed in 2010 among men and in 2011 among women, and by 2013 mortality rates were 4% higher in men and 6.1% higher in women than in 2010. Public Health England attributed the rise to an especially cold winter and prolonged flu season in 2012, but it did not examine possible links to government austerity …
ATNT-25IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KETOGENIC DIET IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY AGGRESSIVE BRAIN CANCERS: THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF CAREGIVERS
Authors: Mary Noel, Michele Nikolai, Kenneth Schwartz
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

The ketogenic diet is currently being evaluated as treatment for primary brain cancer in several cancer treatment centers. Diets are conventionally viewed as relatively simple to initiate. However, food preparation for the ketogenic diet requires that food be carefully prepared and measured. Our experience shows that caregivers, spouses, family, and or close friends are essential for initiating and maintaining a ketogenic diet. Measured amounts of specific foods must be prepared for each meal and the concentrations of ketones and glucose in the blood measured twice daily. Dietary changes are made in conjunction with an experienced dietician towards the goal of keeping the serum ketones at or above 3 mm. The role of the caregiver is especially important in patients with primary brain cancer who may have suffered neurological impairment as a result of their disease. This may be as subtle as loss of administrative function with resulting inability to organize the tasks necessary for food preparation or as disabling as a severe hemiparesis. Specific case studies demonstrating the necessity of caregiver support for the ketogenic diet will be presented. We conclude that one of the challenges in recruiting patients for clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of the ketogenic diet as treatment of primary brain cancer is to insure that the patients have a caregiver that will help and support with the preparation of ketogenic foods and make certain that twice daily blood ketones are measured and recorded.
Pandemic: tracking contagions
Authors: Talha Khan Burki
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2016)

In retrospect, the emergence of SARS was inevitable. If there was a setting designed to hone and amplify pathogens, it is the Chinese open-air, or "wet", markets where wild animals are sold to consumers with a taste for exotic meat. When science journalist Sonia Shah visited one such market in 2011, part of the impressive research she undertook for Pandemic, she discovered "row after row of animals who'd rarely if ever encounter each other in the wild…breathing, urinating, defecating, and eating next to each other".