tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5324: MicroRNA-23b contributes to stem cell overpopulation in colon carcinomas.
Authors: Vignesh Viswanathan, Lynn Opdenaker, Bruce Boman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract How stem cell (SC) overpopulation drives colorectal cancer (CRC) development and growth is unclear. Because microRNAs (miRNAs) normally regulate SC populations, we reasoned that aberrant expression of these miRNAs are involved in CRC. Our goal was to identify such miRNAs. We hypothesized that there is a miRNA expression signature for SCs in the normal colonic crypt and that these miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in colon cancer SCs (CSCs). Accordingly, we used a 368-gene microarray chip to identify miRNAs that show differential expression in the crypt bottom (the SC niche) vs. the crypt top. A subset of 16 miRNAs were found to be significantly (p &amp;lt; 0.05) over- or under-represented in the crypt bottom. Four of the 16 - hsa-mir-206, hsa-mir-7, hsa-mir-25, hsa-mir-23b -were differentially expressed in CRC vs. normal colonic epithelium. Computational target prediction analysis indicated that miR-23b targets mRNAs encoding colon SC-specific markers (ALDH1, LGR5 and LRIG1). MicroRNA-23b was down-regulated in the crypt bottom and upregulated in ALDH+ (vs. ALDH-) cells isolated from HT29 and SW480 CRC lines. Manipulation of miR-23b levels (using a precursor construct) in these cell lines decreased proliferation by causing G0/G1 cell-cycle growth arrest (vice versa with the anti-miR-23b construct). Decreasing miR-23b levels in HT29 cells inhibited their colony and colonosphere-formation ability, indicating that miR-23b has a role in CSC self-renewal. Thus, miR-23b appears to be expressed at low levels in normal colonic SCs; when upregulated in CSC, it appears to contribute to CSC overpopulation and CRC development. Targeting miR-23b may represent an innovative approach to target CSC overpopulation in CRC treatment. Citation Format: Vignesh Viswanathan, Lynn Opdenaker, Bruce Boman. MicroRNA-23b contributes to stem cell overpopulation in colon carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5324. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5324
Outcome of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules Discovered in an X-Ray Screening Program
Authors: George W. Comstock, Robert H. Vaughan, Georgia Montgomery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

SOLITARY pulmonary nodules have caused considerable concern ever since the advent of roentgenography made their detection possible during life. This concern has been heightened in recent years by the high proportion of malignant neoplasms found in many series of excised nodules.1 2 3 4 This finding, together with the low mortality and morbidity associated with modern chest surgery, has led clinicians to consider removal of a solitary nodule almost immediately upon discovery. Although such a practice seems sound in the light of present limited knowledge, the management of these solitary nodules would be on much firmer ground if the risks for those not . . .
Abstract 299: CDK1 and CDK2 activity is a strong predictor of renal cell cancer recurrence
Authors: Fumiya Hongo, Natsuki Takaha, Yasunori Kimura, Terukazu Nakamura, Kazuya Mikami, Satoshi Nakayama, Tomoko Matsushima, Hideki Ishihara, Toshiyuki Sakai, Tsuneharu Miki
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: We established original methods enabling simultaneous analysis of protein expressions and kinase activities of the CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) molecules in lysate of tumor tissue in a clinical setting (C2P technology, Ishihara et al: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1741; 226-233, 2005). The clinical utility of the technology was first evaluated in breast cancer, and combination analysis of CDK1 and CDK2 activity was shown to be a significant prognostic indicator for relapse (Kim et al: Ann Oncol. 19; 68-72, 2009). The objective of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of CDK1 and CDK2 activity as a prognostic marker in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods: Surgical specimens were obtained from 125 patients with RCC without metastasis. These patients were selected randomly for this study. Protein expression and kinase activity of CDKs and cyclins were analyzed using a newly developed assay system. The system to measure the CDK specific activity (SA) is named C2Ps (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). We then examined the specific activities of CDK1 and CDK2 and calculated CDK2/CDK1 ratio in RCC. Also, risk score (RS) was examined as described in previous study (JGH van Nes et al: Br J Cancer. 100; 494-500, 2009). Cut off value was calculated by ROC analysis.Results: 125 cases were tested, though 34 cases were excluded of low sample quality (25 cases) and of assay failure (9 cases). 91 cases were analyzed. They included 68 male and 23 female patients, ranging in age from 19 to 83 years. At a median follow up of 36 months (1-109M), tumor with low CDK2/CDK1 ratio showed significantly better 5-year progression free survival (PFS) than those with high CDK2/CDK1 ratio (88.7% vs 54.7%, P=0.00141). Also, RS enabled the classification of RCCs into high-risk and low-risk groups, patients with tumors classified as low RS showed better PFS than patients with tumors with high RS (88.7% vs 54.7%, P=0.0141).Conclusion: CDK1 specific activity of tumors and the CDK2 specific activity are both associated with recurrence and prognosis. Analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase activity in the clinical setting could be a powerful approach for predicting cancer recurrence and prognosis in RCC after surgery and has potential for use as a routine laboratory test. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 299. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-299
Tobacco companies must admit deceit in massive new advertising campaign
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Tobacco companies will have to admit in a national advertising campaign that they lied about the risks to health of smoking, under a new agreement reached between tobacco companies and the US Department of Justice.

The advertising campaign had been ordered in 2006 by US District Court Judge Gladys Kessler in response to a Department of Justice lawsuit that targeted the companies for violating the Racketeer Influence and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), an anti-racketeering statute.

In that judgment Kessler found that the defendant tobacco companies—Altria, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Lorillard Tobacco, and Philip Morris, USA—had deliberately deceived the US public about the …
Abstract P6-14-03: Statin and aspirin use is not associated with a reduced risk of VTE's in breast cancer patients
Authors: A Shai, HS Rennert, Haj M Ballan, O Lavie, M Steiner, G Rennert
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Statins and aspirin have been shown to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTE's) in the general population in randomized trials. Aim: To assess whether statins and aspirin reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods: The Breast Cancer in Northern Israel Study (BCINIS) is an on-going population-based case-control study of consecutive breast cancer cases and matched controls diagnosed in the northern part of Israel since 2000. Only cases insured by the Clalit Health Services (64%) were included in this analysis. Data on medication use and VTE were extracted from the computerized database. Patients taking Warfarin or LMWH were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (v 18). Use of medications was analyzed as a time dependent covariate in a Cox Regression model. Results: Of 3552 patients 261 (7.3%) had a VTE during a median follow up of 4.7 years. In a multivariate analysis age (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04), BMI (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.43–3.14 for BMI &amp;gt;30), chemotherapy (HR 3.87, 95% CI 2.50–5.98) and metastatic disease (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.10–6.53) were associated with an increased risk for VTE's. Statins, mainly simvastatin and pravastatin, were used by 55.7% of the patients, and 45.7% used aspirin. Neither statins nor aspirin were associated with a significantly reduced risk for a VTE. After controlling for age, BMI, stage, chemotherapy and tamoxifen use the HR for statins was 0.80, CI 0.56–1.13, p = 0.2, and the HR for aspirin was 1.004, CI 0.74–1.76, p = 0.98. Conclusion: In contrast to the findings in the general population, statin and aspirin use were not associated with a reduced risk for VTE's in our cohort of breast cancer patients. Our results might be explained by an alternate mechanism of VTE formation in breast cancer and the use of low potency statins (simvastatin and pravastatin) in this cohort. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-14-03.
Perirenal Urinoma on Bone Scan as the First Manifestation of Ureteral Metastasis in a Colon Cancer Patient
Authors: Il Ki Hong, You-Jung Yang, Deog Yoon Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 63-year-old woman underwent a bone scan 6 months after lower anterior resection for sigmoid colon cancer. The images showed increased left perirenal uptake, suggesting urinoma as a result of obstructive uropathy. Malignant causes of the urinary tract obstruction were considered, and abdominal CT was performed the next day, revealing severe left-sided hydronephroureterosis and perirenal fluid collection, suggestive of urinoma. A nodule causing luminal obstruction was also noted in the left midureter. The bone scan in the present case led to the detection of ureteral metastasis in a patient with colon cancer.
The Upper Limit of Physiologic Cardiac Hypertrophy in Highly Trained Elite Athletes
Authors: Antonio Pelliccia, Barry J. Maron, Antonio Spataro, Michael A. Proschan, Paolo Spirito
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

In some highly trained athletes, the thickness of the left ventricular wall may increase as a consequence of exercise training and resemble that found in cardiac diseases associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In these athletes, the differential diagnosis between physiologic and pathologic hypertrophy may be difficult.
Abstract 5478: Indoor coal smoke exposure, tobacco use, and lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China
Authors: Christopher Kim, Robert Chapman, Wei Hu, Xingzhou He, H. Dean Hosgood, Larry Z. Liu, Hong Lai, Linwei Tian, Wei Chen, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Lung cancer rates in Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province are among the highest in China. We have previously reported that indoor combustion of smoky coal for home heating and cooking was associated with increased risk of lung cancer and that this effect varies markedly by coal type. Further, improved stove ventilation is followed by reduction in lung cancer risk. We explored the joint relationship between tobacco use and coal use in Xuanwei men. Methods: We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of lung cancer in Xuanwei. Cases were identified from four Xuanwei hospitals and controls were selected from the general population by probability sampling. Controls were matched one-to-one with cases on age. In total, 260 cases and 260 controls were analyzed in this study. Tobacco, coal, and solid fuel exposures were tabulated from questionnaires and reported in cigarette pack-years, duration of smoking, and average tons of coal used annually. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by conditional logistic regression with the main effects of coal, smoking, and coal-smoking interaction terms. Results: Overall, smoking was positively and significantly, although only modestly, associated with lung cancer risk (OR per pack-year: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04). The risk of lung cancer per pack-year of smoking decreased as cumulative lifetime use of smoky coal increased (0-50 tons coal: OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15; &amp;gt;50-150 tons coal: OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.10; &amp;gt;150 tons coal: OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.03; P-interaction: 0.041). Discussion: Our results suggest that the effect of tobacco on lung cancer risk was weaker in men exposed to higher amounts of coal. Results are consistent with previous cohort study findings in Xuanwei. Constituents of coal combustion, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, could plausibly act to diminish the carcinogenicity of tobacco through metabolic competition or other possible mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5478. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5478
STUDIES IN PRIMARY BEHAVIOR DISORDERS AND PSYCHOPATHIC PERSONALITY
Authors: JACQUES S. GOTTLIEB, M. COULSON ASHBY, JOHN R. KNOTT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

1. The electroencephalographic distributions for 160 children with primary behavior disorders, 139 adults with psychopathic personality and 98 parents of 58 patients were presented. 2. These were contrasted with the electroencephalographic distributions reported by Gibbs(7) for normal controls, epileptics and relatives of epileptics. 3. The electroencephalographic distributions of the parents of the patients approached the one for normal controls; those for primary behavior disorders and psychopathic personality were most similar to the one for relatives of epileptics but radically different from the one for epileptics. 4. The EEGs of 40 patients with either primary behavior disorders or psychopathic personality revealed a highly significant relationship to the combination of the EEGs of their respective parents.
Cross-talk between human mast cells and epithelial cells by IgE-mediated periostin production in eosinophilic nasal polyps
Authors: Dae Woo Kim, Marianna Kulka, Ara Jo, Kyoung Mi Eun, Narcy Arizmendi, Brian P. Tancowny, Seung-No Hong, Jung Pyo Lee, Hong Ryul Jin, Richard F. Lockey, Dong-Kyu Kim, Seong H. Cho
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Test Your Knowledge: Ten Questions about Melanoma
Authors: Virginia Barbour
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Question 5. Which of these statements best refl ects the current opinion about population screening? There is good evidence that survival would improve if all high-risk groups were regularly screened If all the population was regularly checked for melanoma once every three years, most melanomas could be caught before metastatic spread There is no fi rm evidence that screening of the general population would have any effect on mortality Question 6. What is the most common site of melanoma in men? Back Scalp Limbs
AB0758 Performance of a therapeutic attempt with oral prednisolone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and hand osteoarthritis – a proof of concept study
Authors: U. Kiltz, C. von Zabern, F. Heldmann, M. van Werde, B. Mintrop, X. Baraliakos, J. Braun
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The differential diagnosis between an early inflammatory arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand can be difficult. Many rheumatologists are used to just perform a short therapeutic attempt with prednisolone in this situation. However, this test has never been evaluated. <h3>Objectives</h3> To quantify and compare the efficacy of a medium dose of prednisolone in cortisone naive patients with established RA and hand OA. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty patients with RA (n=15) and OA (n=15) who reported hand pain and swelling were treated for 5 days with 1g paracetamol /day. On days 3-5 a morning dose of 20mg of prednisolone was added. Hand pain was quantified on a numerical rating scale (NRS 0–10), and a subjective percentage of improvement was also recorded. Based on previous experience, a cut off of 40% improvement was set to differentiate between responders and non-responders. The Mann-Whitney-U-test was used for comparison. <h3>Results</h3> There were 13 females in the RA (86.7%) and 11 in the OA (73.3%) group. The mean age (SD) was 59.3 (6.3) and 66.8 (10.3) years, and the mean symptom duration (SD) 4 (3.5) and 10.8 (13.9) years, respectively. The mean pain scores were 5.4±1.6 vs. 5.3±1.4 on day 1, and 2.9±1.8 vs. 4.1±1.5 on day 5, respectively. The mean percentage of improvement was 52.3%±27.9 in the RA vs. 22.0%±20.1 in the OA group, respectively. There were 11 responders in the RA (73.3%) and 4 in the OA (26.7%) group (p=0.012). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this small study, the prednisolone test had a sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of RA of 73.3%. This suggests that the test may be useful in uncertain clinical situations to decide between inflammation or degeneration as cause of the present symptoms. However, caution is warranted since about every 4-5th patient with RA did not respond and every 4-5th patient with OA did respond to a medium dose of oral prednisolone. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
False-Positive PET/CT for Lymphoma Recurrence Secondary to Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Joseph S. Fotos, Donald J. Flemming, Mark Tulchinsky
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A 28-year-old man with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma that was intensely [F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-avid at diagnosis had achieved complete remission following appropriate therapy. On surveillance positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT), new, intensely [F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-avid lesions (lytic on CT) were seen within the vertebral body of C7, left scapula, and right glenoid. The findings of a biopsy revealed these lesions to be Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Langerhans cell histiocytosis arising in the context of lymphoma is a well-documented phenomenon, and its appearance on positron emission tomography/CT cannot be conclusively distinguished from lymphoma recurrence. This manuscript emphasizes the necessity of biopsy to ensure correct diagnosis and subsequent correct therapy.
Novel egg white based 3D cell culture system for breast cancer research.
Authors: BA Kaipparettu, I Kuiatse, B Tak-Yee Chan, MB Kaipparettu, AV Lee, S Oesterreich
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4060 Introduction: Over the last few years, much attention has been paid to the development and utilization of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture to replace classical two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture systems grown as a flat layer on plastic. Not completely surprisingly, there are tremendous differences between cells in 2D and 3D culture. However, currently available 3D cell culture media are expensive for regular use by the majority of research laboratories and thus large scale use of 3D cell culture system is presently cost prohibited. In our search for a reliable and economically viable replacement for the expensive commercial 3D media, we hypothesized that avian egg white could be a potential alternative.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Egg white-based chamber slide: Separated egg white from the chicken eggs and coated each wells of an eight well culture chamber with 80μl of egg white by careful heating at 600C on a heating block. After 30-60 minutes, the egg white becomes a semi-solid that adheres to the bottom of the well. The unstuck egg white is washed out by adding 500µl of growth medium and removing it slowly using a Pasteur pipette.&amp;#x2028; Cell culture and analysis: To each well 2x103 immortalized human breast epithelial cells (MCF10A), were added in 0.5ml of appropriate culture medium. We have analyzed the growth curve of the acini, lumen formation, apoptosis and cell proliferation at different days post-culture. Apico/basal polarization of the acini was analyzed using appropriate antibodies. We have also cultured IGFR1-transformed MCF10A cells, different established human cell lines (MCF7, HEK293, HeLa, LNCaP, and Saos-2), and MMTV-PyMT transformed mouse mammary epithelial cells in their appropriate growth media. For comparative studies, we used a well-established reconstituted basement membrane matrix preparation (BM).&amp;#x2028; Results: Our analysis shows that this simple avian egg white based system supports growth of cells in 3D, with significantly decreased cost. Specifically, the growth of MCF10A in egg white-based medium results in formation of acini with hollow lumens, apoptotic clearance of the cells in the lumen, and apico/basal polarization comparable to what has been described using established 3D culture media. There was no significant difference in MCF10A proliferation and acini size between egg white and BM. We have also observed similar morphology for different established cell lines, oncogene-transformed MCF10A, and mouse mammary epithelial cells between egg white and BM.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Our data convincingly argue that egg white can be used as a suitable alternative model for 3D cell culture studies. We strongly believe that this simple and inexpensive method should allow researchers to perform 3D cell culture on a regular basis, and thus result in a dramatic increase of utilization of the 3D cell culture in research. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4060.
Emergence of a Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Humans
Authors: Fatimah S Dawood, Seema Jain, Lyn Finelli, Michael W Shaw, Stephen Lindstrom, Rebecca J Garten, Larisa V Gubareva, Xiyan Xu, Carolyn B Bridges, Timothy M Uyeki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

On April 15 and April 17, 2009, novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) was identified in specimens obtained from two epidemiologically unlinked patients in the United States. The same strain of the virus was identified in Mexico, Canada, and elsewhere. We describe 642 confirmed cases of human S-OIV infection identified from the rapidly evolving U.S. outbreak.Enhanced surveillance was implemented in the United States for human infection with influenza A viruses that could not be subtyped. Specimens were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction confirmatory testing for S-OIV.From April 15 through May 5, a total of 642 confirmed cases of S-OIV infection were identified in 41 states. The ages of patients ranged from 3 months to 81 years; 60% of patients were 18 years of age or younger. Of patients with available data, 18% had recently traveled to Mexico, and 16% were identified from school outbreaks of S-OIV infection. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (94% of patients), cough (92%), and sore throat (66%); 25% of patients had diarrhea, and 25% had vomiting. Of the 399 patients for whom hospitalization status was known, 36 (9%) required hospitalization. Of 22 hospitalized patients with available data, 12 had characteristics that conferred an increased risk of severe seasonal influenza, 11 had pneumonia, 8 required admission to an intensive care unit, 4 had respiratory failure, and 2 died. The S-OIV was determined to have a unique genome composition that had not been identified previously.A novel swine-origin influenza A virus was identified as the cause of outbreaks of febrile respiratory infection ranging from self-limited to severe illness. It is likely that the number of confirmed cases underestimates the number of cases that have occurred.