tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections Among Young Adults in the United States
Authors: William C. Miller
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextChlamydial and gonococcal infections are important causes of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Although screening for Chlamydia trachomatis is widely recommended among young adult women, little information is available regarding the prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections in the general young adult population.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of chlamydial and gonoccoccal infections in a nationally representative sample of young adults living in the United States.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional analyses of a prospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample of 14 322 young adults aged 18 to 26 years. In-home interviews were conducted across the United States for Wave III of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) from April 2, 2001, to May 9, 2002. This study sample represented 66.3% of the original 18 924 participants in Wave I of Add Health. First-void urine specimens using ligase chain reaction assay were available for 12 548 (87.6%) of the Wave III participants.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalences of chlamydial and gonococcal infections in the general young adult population, and by age, self-reported race/ethnicity, and geographic region of current residence.ResultsOverall prevalence of chlamydial infection was 4.19% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.48%-4.90%). Women (4.74%; 95% CI, 3.93%-5.71%) were more likely to be infected than men (3.67%; 95% CI, 2.93%-4.58%; prevalence ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.63). The prevalence of chlamydial infection was highest among black women (13.95%; 95% CI, 11.25%-17.18%) and black men (11.12%; 95% CI, 8.51%-14.42%); lowest prevalences were among Asian men (1.14%; 95% CI, 0.40%-3.21%), white men (1.38%; 95% CI, 0.93%-2.03%), and white women (2.52%; 95% CI, 1.90%-3.34%). Prevalence of chlamydial infection was highest in the south (5.39%; 95% CI, 4.24%-6.83%) and lowest in the northeast (2.39%; 95% CI, 1.56%-3.65%). Overall prevalence of gonorrhea was 0.43% (95% CI, 0.29%-0.63%). Among black men and women, the prevalence was 2.13% (95% CI, 1.46%-3.10%) and among white young adults, 0.10% (95% CI, 0.03%-0.27%). Prevalence of coinfection with both chlamydial and gonococcal infections was 0.030% (95% CI, 0.18%-0.49%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of chlamydial infection is high among young adults in the United States. Substantial racial/ethnic disparities are present in the prevalence of both chlamydial and gonococcal infections.
Redefining Dermatologists’ Role in Skin Cancer Early Detection and Follow-up Care
Authors: Monika Janda, Anna Finnane, H. Peter Soyer
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Multicentre randomised controlled trial of nursing intervention for breathlessness in patients with lung cancer
Authors: M. Bredin, J. Corner, M. Krishnasamy, H. Plant, C. Bailey, R. A'Hern
Journal: BMJ (1999)

# Multicentre randomised controlled trial of nursing intervention for breathlessness in patients with lung cancer {#article-title-2} Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention for breathlessness in patients with lung cancer. Design: Patients diagnosed with lung cancer participated in a multicentre randomised controlled trial where they either attended a nursing clinic offering intervention for their breathlessness or received best supportive care. The intervention consisted of a range of strategies combining breathing control, activity pacing, relaxation techniques, and psychosocial support. Best supportive care involved receiving standard management and treatment available for breathlessness, and breathing assessments. Participants completed a range of self assessment questionnaires at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Setting: Nursing clinics within 6 hospital settings in the United Kingdom. Participants: 119 patients diagnosed with small cell or non-small cell lung cancer or with mesothelioma who had completed first line treatment for their disease and reported breathlessness. Outcome measures: Visual analogue scales measuring distress due to breathlessness, breathlessness at best and worst, WHO performance status scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and Rotterdam symptom checklist. Results: The intervention group improved significantly at 8 weeks in 5 of the 11 items assessed: breathlessness at best, WHO performance status, levels of depression, and two Rotterdam symptom checklist measures (physical symptom distress and breathlessness) and showed slight improvement in 3 of the remaining 6 items. Conclusion: Most patients who completed the study had a poor prognosis, and breathlessness was typically a symptom of their deteriorating condition. Patients who attended nursing clinics and received the breathlessness intervention experienced improvements in breathlessness, performance status, and physical and emotional states relative to control patients.
MicroRNA Alterations of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias
Authors: Jun Yu, Ang Li, Seung-Mo Hong, Ralph H. Hruban, Michael Goggins
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are likely to contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer and may serve as markers for the early detection of pancreatic neoplasia. Experimental Design: To identify the miRNA alterations that arise during the development of pancreatic cancer, we determined the levels of 735 miRNAs in 34 pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN) and 15 normal pancreatic duct samples isolated by laser capture microdissection using TaqMan miRNA microarrays. Differential expression of selected miRNAs was confirmed by FISH analysis and by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of selected candidate miRNAs in an independent set of PanIN and normal duct samples. Results: We identified 107 aberrantly expressed miRNAs in different PanIN grades compared with normal pancreatic duct samples and 35 aberrantly expressed miRNAs in PanIN-3 lesions compared with normal pancreatic duct samples. These differentially expressed miRNAs included those that have been previously identified as differentially expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC; including miR-21, miR-200a/b/c, miR-216a/b, miR-217, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-182, miR-196b, miR-203, miR-222, miR-338-3p, miR-486-3p, etc.) as well as miRNAs not previously described as differentially expressed in these lesions (miR-125b, miR-296-5p, miR-183*, miR-603, miR-625/*, miR-708, etc.). miR-196b was the most selectively differentially expressed miRNA in PanIN-3 lesions. Conclusions: Many miRNAs undergo aberrant expression in PanIN lesions and are likely to be important in the development of PDAC. The miRNAs, such as miR-196b, whose expression is limited to PanIN-3 lesions or pancreatic cancers could be useful as diagnostic markers. Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 981–92. ©2011 AACR.
The characterization of Abelson helper integration site–1 in skeletal muscle and its links to the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Matthew J. Prior, Victoria C. Foletta, Jeremy B. Jowett, David H. Segal, Melanie A. Carless, Joanne E. Curran, Tom D. Dyer, Eric K. Moses, Andrew J. McAinch, Nicky Konstantopoulos, Kiymet Bozaoglu, Greg R. Collier, David Cameron-Smith, John Blangero, Ken R. Walder
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Pulmonary Edema as a Complication of Acute Airway Obstruction
Authors: Charles E. Oswalt
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Acute fulminating pulmonary edema developed in three patients after acute airway obstruction secondary to tumor, strangulation, and interrupted hanging (one case each). The common etiologic factor was vigorous inspiratory effort against a totally obstructed upper airway. Acute pulmonary edema followed the event in minutes to hours and required ventilatory assistance to maintain oxygenation. All patients eventually responded to fluid restriction, diuretics, and steroids. One case was complicated by aspiration of gastric contents following respiratory failure. To our knowledge, this condition is previously unreported in English literature. We presume that the pathogenesis is related to alveolar and capillary damage, induced by the severe negative pressure generated by attempting to inspire against the closed upper airway.
Kinetics of the Anticoagulant Effect of Heparin
Authors: J. Worth Estes
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The kinetics of heparin's anticoagulant activity were studied with four assay methods in human subjects, following single intravenous doses within the usual clinical dose range. The half-life of anticoagulant activity was about 1.5 hours. Minimum doses of heparin required to anticoagulate blood to a clinically desirable extent were about 35 units/kg. Of the four tests used, the whole-blood activated partial thromboplastin time provided the greatest precision, information, and economy, followed by, in order, the activated plasma partial thromboplastin time, the whole blood clotting time, and the partial thromboplastin time of plasma.
Influence of low absolute lymphocyte count of patients with nongerminal center type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with R-CHOP therapy
Authors: M.-K. Song, J.-S. Chung, Y.-M. Seol, S.-G. Kim, H.-J. Shin, Y.-J. Choi, G.-J. Cho, D.-H. Shin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Mutation of the E6-AP Ubiquitin Ligase Reduces Nuclear Inclusion Frequency While Accelerating Polyglutamine-Induced Pathology in SCA1 Mice
Authors: Christopher J Cummings, Eyal Reinstein, Yaling Sun, Barbara Antalffy, Yong-hui Jiang, Aaron Ciechanover, Harry T Orr, Arthur L Beaudet, Huda Y Zoghbi
Journal: Neuron (1999)
Further evidence supporting programmatic screening for, and treatment of latent TB Infection (LTBI) in new entrants to the UK from high TB prevalence countries
Authors: Lawrence Peter Ormerod
Journal: Thorax (2012)

A systematic comparison of tuberculosis (TB) cases and rates between the USA and E&W (England and Wales), shows diametrically opposed trends. Between 1993 and 2010 in the USA, active TB cases fell from 25 107 to 11 182,1 a fall of 55%. By contrast in E&W, notified TB cases rose from 5104 in 19932 ,3 to 7901 in 2010,4 an increase of 55%.

Case management is not the explanation for the difference, as both countries use rifampicin and isoniazid based 6-month short course chemotherapy, with high completion rates, 92.7% for the USA1 and 83.6% of survivors in E&W.4 Equally, different BCG policies do not account for the difference as the USA has never used BCG as a health control measure.

Both countries now have a majority …
Acute Renal Failure after Cardiopulmonary Bypass Is Related to Decreased Serum Ferritin Levels
Authors: CONNIE L. DAVIS, ANNAMARIA T. KAUSZ, RICHARD A. ZAGER, EVAN D. KHARASCH, RICHARD P. COCHRAN
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract . Acute renal failure (ARF) requiring dialysis occurs in up to 4% of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). CPB leads to the generation of intravascular free hemoglobin, resulting in increased endothelial and renal tubular cell free iron, which is associated with renal injury. Conversely, renoprotection is conferred by processes that upregulate heme and iron sequestration pathways, such as ferritin. This study evaluates the influence of free hemoglobin generation during CPB and the capacity to sequester free iron on the occurrence of post-CPB renal insufficiency. Thirty consecutive patients undergoing CPB were enrolled in the study. Serum creatinine, free hemoglobin, and ferritin were measured preoperatively, at the end of bypass, and 24 and 48 h after surgery. Renal injury, as determined by an increase in the serum creatinine of ≥25% (ARF) by 48 h after surgery, occurred in 40% (12 of 30) of patients, and dialysis was necessary in 6.6% (2 of 30). Free hemoglobin levels increased in all patients but did not correlate with postoperative ARF. However, patients with preoperative serum ferritin levels ≤130 μg/L, the median value for the group, had a sixfold greater likelihood of developing ARF compared to patients with levels above this value ( P = 0.03). Lower serum ferritin levels appear to be associated with the development of ARF. Serum ferritin levels may signify intravascular as well as endothelial and renal epithelial cell ability to bind free iron generated during CPB-induced hemolysis, and thus may help provide information regarding the risk for ARF.
In vivo effects of monoclonal antibodies that functionally inhibit complement regulatory proteins in rats.
Authors: S Matsuo, S Ichida, H Takizawa, N Okada, L Baranyi, A Iguchi, B P Morgan, H Okada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The present work was designed to evaluate the effects of functional suppression of complement regulatory proteins in vivo. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with Nembutal and were intravenously injected with 1 mg/kg of F(ab')2 or Fab fraction of either monoclonal antibody 5I2, which inhibits the function of rat counterpart of mouse Crry/p65, or monoclonal antibody 6D1, which inhibits the rat counterpart of CD59. Mean arterial pressure was continuously measured for 30 min. When 5I2 was injected, there was a biphasic change of mean arterial pressure, namely, the rapid increase immediately after the injection (approximately 2 min, phase 1) and the subsequent fall and slow recovery (approximately 4-30 min, phase 2). These effects were completely abrogated by pretreatment of rats with cobra venom factor. Pretreatment with carboxypeptidase inhibitor, which inhibits inactivation of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, induced enhanced reduction of blood pressure. Circulating leukocytes and platelets were rapidly decreased 5 min after antibody injection and became normal by 2 h. Hematocrit and erythrocyte count were continuously increased up to 2 h after injection, suggesting that there was hemoconcentration due to increased vascular permeability. Immunofluorescence study revealed binding of antibody fragments and rat C3 along the capillaries of lung, heart, and liver 5 min after injection. In contrast to 5I2, F(ab')2 fraction of 6D1, though localized to the same areas and in similar amounts, had no significant effect on the parameters measured. These data suggest that the rat counterpart of mouse Crry/p65 plays a vital role in vivo by preventing the activation of autologous complement on vascular endothelium.
Branhamella catarrhalis respiratory infections
Authors: B Barreiro, L Esteban, E Prats, E Verdaguer, J Dorca, F Manresa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Branhamella catarrhalis is an aerobic Gram-negative diplococcus. It has been traditionally regarded as an oropharyngeal commensal and until recently was only identified as a pathogen in cases of bronchopulmonary infections. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of the respiratory infections caused by B. catarrhalis and to know the antibiotic susceptibility of this microorganism. We retrospectively studied 32 lower respiratory tract infections, caused by B. catarrhalis (20 cases of bronchial infection and 12 cases of pneumonia), diagnosed between 1988-1989 in our hospital. All patients had an underlying disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart disease being the most frequent. The aetiological diagnostic procedures were: sputum culture in 28 cases (15 in pure culture and 13 mixed), protected specimen brush (PSB) in three cases and transthoracic needle aspiration (TNA) in one case. Twenty B. catarrhalis isolates were penicillin and ampicillin-resistant, 11 in the pneumonia group and 9 in the bronchial infection group. All isolates were sensitive to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and second generation cephalosporin. In our group four patients died. We conclude that B. catarrhalis is a not infrequent cause of respiratory infection, particularly in COPD patients, and that the high incidence of antibiotic resistance to penicillin and ampicillin should be taken into account before considering an empirical antibiotic treatment.
Reproduction of chest pain by palpation: diagnostic accuracy in suspected pulmonary embolism
Authors: Grégoire Le Gal, Ariane Testuz, Marc Righini, Henri Bounameaux, Arnaud Perrier
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Background:</h3> The impact of the age of stored red blood cells on mortality in patients sustaining traumatic injuries requiring transfusion of blood products is unknown. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and describe the available literature on the use of older versus newer blood in trauma patient populations. <h3>Methods:</h3> We searched PubMed, Embase, Lilac and the Cochrane Database for published studies comparing the transfusion of newer versus older red blood cells in adult patients sustaining traumatic injuries. Studies included for review reported on trauma patients receiving transfusions of packed red blood cells, identified the age of stored blood that was transfused and reported patient mortality as an end point. We extracted data using a standardized form and assessed study quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. <h3>Results:</h3> Seven studies were identified (6780 patients) from 3936 initial search results. Four studies reported that transfusion of older blood was independently associated with increased mortality in trauma patients, while 3 studies did not observe any increase in patient mortality with the use of older versus newer blood. Three studies associated the transfusion of older blood with adverse patient outcomes, including longer stay in the intensive care unit, complicated sepsis, pneumonia and renal dysfunction. Studies varied considerably in design, volumes of blood transfused and definitions applied for old and new blood. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The impact of the age of stored packed red blood cells on mortality in trauma patients is inconclusive. Future investigations are warranted.
Elevated bronchoalveolar concentrations of MCP-1 in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: K Iyonaga, M Suga, T Yamamoto, H Ichiyasu, H Miyakawa, M Ando
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology characterized by accumulations of lipoproteinaceous material within the alveoli. The alveolar macrophages become increasingly foamy, and are thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of PAP. However, the mechanisms of macrophage recruitment are unclear. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of four patients with PAP and 20 normal control subjects, the following were examined: the monocyte chemotactic activity due to the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 with the use of a chemotactic chamber assay, the levels of MCP-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the MCP-1 expression on lavage cells by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. The monocyte chemotactic activity in the BALF of the PAP patients was markedly elevated, and the activity was completely absorbed by treatment with anti-MCP-1. The MCP-1 levels in the BALF were surprisingly high in the PAP group (25,100+/-472 pg x mL(-1)), whereas low levels of MCP-1 were detected in the normal control subjects (mean: never smokers 4.8; smokers 10.4 pg x mL(-1)). MCP-1 protein and messenger ribonucleic acid were expressed by macrophages from the PAP patients, and the expression was reduced according to foaming of the cells; there were monocyte-like macrophages with strong expression, small foamy cells with moderate expression, large foamy cells with a faint expression of MCP-1, and ghost cells with no expression. However, the increase of macrophage number in the PAP BALF was relatively small. These data suggest that monocyte chemoattractant protein(-1) expression by alveolar macrophages represents an amplification mechanism for the recruitment of additional macrophages to the alveoli in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. It is possible that an ingestion of an excess of alveolar materials in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis may impair the macrophage function and the survival, resulting in the lack of a prominent increase in the macrophage number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
QTU prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to bradycardia-dependent early afterdepolarizations. Afterdepolarizations and ventricular arrhythmias.
Authors: N el-Sherif, R H Zeiler, W Craelius, W B Gough, R Henkin
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred spontaneously during bradycardia in dogs given the inotropic polypeptide anthopleurin-A (AP-A). The arrhythmia was investigated in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In in vitro experiments, AP-A (50 micrograms/l) produced bradycardia-dependent prolongation of action potential duration that was more pronounced in Purkinje than in muscle fibers. Only Purkinje fibers developed early afterdepolarizations (EAD) and triggered activity. These effects could be abolished by rapid pacing, lidocaine (4 mg/l), or tetrodotoxin (1 mg/l). In vivo experiments were conducted in anesthetized healthy dogs with simultaneous recording of surface ECG, monophasic action potentials from the endocardial and epicardial surface of the left ventricle by contact electrode catheter technique, and transmembrane action potentials from the epicardial surface of the left ventricle with a floating microelectrode technique. AP-A in a dose comparable to that used in vitro (4 micrograms/kg, i.v. bolus) resulted in bradycardia-dependent marked prolongation of both monophasic and transmembrane action potentials. An EAD gradually appeared on both recordings but was more marked in endocardial monophasic action potentials. Eventually, a premature ventricular depolarization arose from or very close to the peak of the EAD. The prolongation of action potentials was associated with similar prolongation of the QTU interval in surface ECG, and in some experiments, the EAD corresponded to a distinct prominent U wave. A ventricular premature depolarization arose from the U or TU complex and initiated polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias that terminated spontaneously or degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. These effects were reversed by rapid pacing or lidocaine (1 mg/kg). The present study provides evidence in support of the hypothesis that AP-A-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias are due to bradycardia-dependent EAD and triggered activity.
A New Perspective on Anhedonia in Schizophrenia
Authors: Gregory P. Strauss, James M. Gold
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

The finding that patients with schizophrenia report levels of current pleasure comparable to those of healthy subjects but report less pleasure in past or hypothetical situations—the "emotion paradox"—could be due to cognitive impairments. Problems in the encoding or retrieval of memories of pleasurable experiences may lead to distorted beliefs about the possibility of pleasure. This conceptualization suggests a role for cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anhedonia in schizophrenia patients.