tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SITE OF ANGIOTONIN DESTRUCTION
Authors: Leo A. Sapirstein, Racheal K. Reed, Ernest W. Page
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

1. Theoretical considerations render it unlikely that the greatest part of the angiotonase found in the organism is available for the destruction of angiotonia. A priori considerations support the view that only plasma angiotonase is involved in angiotonin destruction in vivo. 2. We have utilized the magnitude and duration of the presser response to angiotonin as an index of available angiotonase, and we have found that: (a) Nephrectomy and evisceration are without marked effect on angiotonin response. (b) Hemorrhage and hemodilution without shock cause a striking increase in the response to angiotonin and this appears to be due to removal of the plasma rather than the cells. Shock developing after hemorrhage results in a state of refractoriness to angiotonin. (c) Intact red cells in vitro have no destructive action on angiotonin, but after hemolysis they have several hundred times the activity of plasma, (d) Intravascular hemolysis, whether produced in vitro or in vivo, decreases the response to angiotonin to a degree which is consistent with the hypothesis that the normal animal destroys angiotonin entirely in its plasma. The active principle in hemolyzed blood is destroyed by heating to 65-70 degrees C. for 15 minutes. 3. These findings support the hypothesis that all or at least the greatest part of angiotonin destruction under physiological circumstances occurs in the plasma, and the significance of this hypothesis is discussed.
Remission of scleromyxoedema following treatment with extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: K. KRASAGAKIS, Ch.C. ZOUBOULIS, M. OWSIANOWSKI, J. RAMAKER, C. TRAUTMANN, B. TEBBE, C.E. ORFANOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Scleromyxoedema, a disseminated papular and sclerotic variant of lichen myxoedematosus, is a rare disease with a chronic progressive course, and little tendency towards spontaneous remission. The treatment of scleromyxoedema has been largely ineffective. Aggressive chemotherapeutic agents have been used, often leading to therapy-related morbidity and mortality. We report a 41-year-old woman with scleromyxoedema, associated with a monoclonal gammopathy of IgG-kappa type, whose condition almost completely cleared with 12 monthly sessions of extracorporeal photopheresis. The patient had previously not responded to isotretinoin, and chlorambucil with prednisolone.
Microbial co-habitation and lateral gene transfer: what transposases can tell us
Authors: Sean D Hooper, Konstantinos Mavromatis, Nikos C Kyrpides
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Abstract Background Determining the habitat range for various microbes is not a simple, straightforward matter, as habitats interlace, microbes move between habitats, and microbial communities change over time. In this study, we explore an approach using the history of lateral gene transfer recorded in microbial genomes to begin to answer two key questions: where have you been and who have you been with? Results All currently sequenced microbial genomes were surveyed to identify pairs of taxa that share a transposase that is likely to have been acquired through lateral gene transfer. A microbial interaction network including almost 800 organisms was then derived from these connections. Although the majority of the connections are between closely related organisms with the same or overlapping habitat assignments, numerous examples were found of cross-habitat and cross-phylum connections. Conclusions We present a large-scale study of the distributions of transposases across phylogeny and habitat, and find a significant correlation between habitat and transposase connections. We observed cases where phylogenetic boundaries are traversed, especially when organisms share habitats; this suggests that the potential exists for genetic material to move laterally between diverse groups via bridging connections. The results presented here also suggest that the complex dynamics of microbial ecology may be traceable in the microbial genomes.
CXCR4 is required for the quiescence of primitive hematopoietic cells
Authors: Yuchun Nie, Yoon-Chi Han, Yong-Rui Zou
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

The quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is critical for preserving a lifelong steady pool of HSCs to sustain the highly regenerative hematopoietic system. It is thought that specialized niches in which HSCs reside control the balance between HSC quiescence and self-renewal, yet little is known about the extrinsic signals provided by the niche and how these niche signals regulate such a balance. We report that CXCL12 produced by bone marrow (BM) stromal cells is not only the major chemoattractant for HSCs but also a regulatory factor that controls the quiescence of primitive hematopoietic cells. Addition of CXCL12 into the culture inhibits entry of primitive hematopoietic cells into the cell cycle, and inactivation of its receptor CXCR4 in HSCs causes excessive HSC proliferation. Notably, the hyperproliferative Cxcr4−/− HSCs are able to maintain a stable stem cell compartment and sustain hematopoiesis. Thus, we propose that CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling is essential to confine HSCs in the proper niche and controls their proliferation.
DIAGNOSTIC REVIEW OF HOSPITAL DERMATOLOGY IN NORTHEEN IRELAND 1954–66
Authors: R. HALL, D. BURROWS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. The statistics of 157,381 new cases of skin disease seen in Northern Ireland hospitals from 1954 to 1966 are analysed and significant changes in incidence are discussed. Geographical and political factors ensure that the statistics represent the true incidence of skin disease in terms of hospital attendance in a population of approximately 1,500,000.
DNA repair genes are selectively mutated in diffuse large B cell lymphomas
Authors: Noel FCC de Miranda, Roujun Peng, Konstantinos Georgiou, Chenglin Wu, Elin Falk Sörqvist, Mattias Berglund, Longyun Chen, Zhibo Gao, Kristina Lagerstedt, Susana Lisboa, Fredrik Roos, Tom van Wezel, Manuel R. Teixeira, Richard Rosenquist, Christer Sundström, Gunilla Enblad, Mats Nilsson, Yixin Zeng, David Kipling, Qiang Pan-Hammarström
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

DNA repair mechanisms are fundamental for B cell development, which relies on the somatic diversification of the immunoglobulin genes by V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation, and class switch recombination. Their failure is postulated to promote genomic instability and malignant transformation in B cells. By performing targeted sequencing of 73 key DNA repair genes in 29 B cell lymphoma samples, somatic and germline mutations were identified in various DNA repair pathways, mainly in diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Mutations in mismatch repair genes (EXO1, MSH2, and MSH6) were associated with microsatellite instability, increased number of somatic insertions/deletions, and altered mutation signatures in tumors. Somatic mutations in nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) genes (DCLRE1C/ARTEMIS, PRKDC/DNA-PKcs, XRCC5/KU80, and XRCC6/KU70) were identified in four DLBCL tumors and cytogenetic analyses revealed that translocations involving the immunoglobulin-heavy chain locus occurred exclusively in NHEJ-mutated samples. The novel mutation targets, CHEK2 and PARP1, were further screened in expanded DLBCL cohorts, and somatic as well as novel and rare germline mutations were identified in 8 and 5% of analyzed tumors, respectively. By correlating defects in a subset of DNA damage response and repair genes with genomic instability events in tumors, we propose that these genes play a role in DLBCL lymphomagenesis.
MPs reject plan to spend 1.2bn of NHS surplus on social care to ease pressure on emergency departments
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2013)

MPs have rejected a call from the Labour Party for the government to spend about half, £1.2bn (€1.4bn; $1.9bn), of the NHS’s 2012-13 underspend on social care as a way to ease pressure on hospitals’ accident and emergency departments.

In a fiery debate in the House of Commons on 5 June, MPs voted against (299 to 227) an urgent motion put forward by Labour calling for the money to be spent on boosting social care and ensuring adequate staffing levels to help ease pressure on hospitals. Many arguments were presented about the causes of current pressure on emergency services in England during the two and a half hour debate.

Many MPs, including the Tory Stephen Dorrell, who chairs the health select committee, rejected claims made in April by the health secretary for England, Jeremy Hunt, that changes to out of hours arrangements in the 2004 GP contract were the main reason for the current pressure on emergency departments.1 2

During the debate many MPs referred to figures contained in a …
Interleukin 12 production by monocytes from patients with psoriasis and its inhibition by ciclosporin A
Authors: Y. Tada, A. Asahina, T. Takekoshi, E. Kishimoto, H. Mitsui, H. Saeki, M. Komine, K. Tamaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Interleukin 12 production by monocytes from patients with psoriasis and its inhibition by ciclosporin A Get access Y. Tada, Y. Tada Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7–3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Asahina, A. Asahina Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7–3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan Akihiko Asahina. E‐mail: asahina‐der@h.u‐tokyo.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Takekoshi, T. Takekoshi Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7–3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Kishimoto, E. Kishimoto Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7–3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Mitsui, H. Mitsui Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7–3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Saeki, H. Saeki Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7–3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Komine, M. Komine Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7–3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Tamaki K. Tamaki Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7–3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 6, 1 June 2006, Pages 1180–1183, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07180.x Published: 01 June 2006 Article history Accepted: 11 November 2005 Published: 01 June 2006
Differential Chemoprotection of Normal and Malignant Tissues&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John M. Yuhas, John B. Storer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

The radioprotective agent, WR-2721 (S-2-[3-aminopropylamino] ethylphosphorothioate), has been tested (or its ability to protect mice against X-ray-induced lethality and against X-ray-induced skin ulceration, and for its ability to protect a transplantable mammary tumor against radiation-induced inhibition of transplantability. Injection of WR-2721 (500 mg/kg) 15 minutes before X-ray exposures increases the dose required to induce 50% lethality within 30 days (LD50/30) by 160–170%, increases the X-ray dose required to induce skin ulceration in 50% of the mice by 140%, but increases the dose required to inhibit tumor transplantability by only 15%. This differential protective activity, even though limited in scope, should be investigated further to assess the potential usefulness of radioprotective agents in radiotherapy.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most common bacteria found in cultures from the deep portions of hidradenitis suppurativa lesions, as obtained by carbon dioxide laser surgery
Authors: None LAPINS, None JARSTRAND, None EMTESTAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

The significance of bacterial findings in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is controversial. Interpretation of the results of bacteriological examinations from the surface of HS lesions is obscured by the possible contamination of resident skin bacteria. Bacteriological analysis of aspirates from deeper parts of HS is liable to show low sensitivity. We used a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser method to evaporate the diseased tissue level by level from the surface downwards, allowing concurrent sampling of bacteriological cultures from each level and thereby minimizing contamination with bacteria from the level above. In this study, 22 women and three men with a mean age of 35.3 years and a mean HS duration of 10.6 years were treated with this CO2 laser surgical method. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures from superficial and deep levels were taken during surgery. The regions treated were axillary in eight and perineal in 17 cases. Bacterial cultures were positive for one or more specimens from at least one level in all cases and from deep levels in all but three cases. Sixteen different species or sub-species were found. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the species most frequently found. Peptostreptococcus species and Propionibacterium acnes were not uncommon. S. aureus was detected in a total of 14 cases, six of which were from the deep levels. S. aureus was the sole bacterium isolated in two deep cultures. CNS were found in 21 patients and 16 of these isolates were from the deep levels. In nine of the 16 deep samples CNS were the only bacteria detected. These findings motivate a re-evaluation of the significance of bacteria in the progress of HS and in particular they suggest that CNS are true pathogens. It is known that foreign bodies aggravate the virulence of the CNS in surgical implants, and an environment which resembles that produced by a foreign body, as found in chronic HS tissue, serves to intensify the pathogenic properties of CNS in HS.
Exhaled breath condensate eicosanoid levels associate with asthma and its severity
Authors: Shamsah Kazani, Anna Planaguma, Emiko Ono, Matteo Bonini, Muhammad Zahid, Gautham Marigowda, Michael E. Wechsler, Bruce D. Levy, Elliot Israel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Richard Humphrey Tudor Edwards
Authors: C. M. Wiles
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Richard Humphrey Tudor Edwards exemplified the skills of a clinician scientist in his ability to apply a physiological analysis to the problems besetting patients with neuromuscular disorders and then to use the findings to develop a scientific approach to treatment. Following research in human physiology he moved, through a series of collaborations, to develop techniques aiding the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of a wide range of neuromuscular disorders. He successfully enthused colleagues and trainees alike with his spirit of inquiry, and he taught the clear-sighted elements of his own understanding and compassionate clinical care to many clinical and non-clinical research fellows. A man of startlingly quick intelligence, both honest and modest in his approach to all, he intuitively sensed the needs of the patient in front of him with communication facilitated because of his obvious interest in their condition.

Edwards was born, the son of a butcher, on 28 January 1939 in Llangollen, North Wales. He came from a close family, and his roots in Wales and the family from which he came were self evidently of cardinal importance and great pride throughout his life. He won a state scholarship in 1957 to study medicine at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, where he excelled. As a student his love of the hills and his enthusiasm for the physiology of exercise and the respiratory system were given their head when he was able to study the regulation of breathing at a French research station high on Mont Blanc.

Following …
Gastric fibroma with eosinophilic infiltration
Authors: R. Salm
Journal: Gut (1965)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common autoimmune disease. It is characterized by the presence of hundreds of autoantibodies against many organs and tissues, including the presence of a large number of autoantibodies, which are specific to self-antigens mainly of nuclear origin such as Smith antigen, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), anti-Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigen A and B (SSA/Ro and SSB/La, respectively) and ribonucleoproteins, which are the hallmarks of the disease. Type I and II interferons, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-<i>α</i>), and immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-<i>β</i> are essential players in SLE. Additionally, T-cell-derived cytokines such as IL-17, IL-21, and IL-2 are dysregulated in SLE. In this study among cohorts of 60 individuals attending the hospital clinics in Trinidad and Tobago, blood samples were analyzed and the levels of the essential cytokines were measured using SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) 2000 score. The results confirmed that serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels were positively correlated with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) 2000 score in these patients. These findings have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. However, more work must be done targeting other cytokines relevant to autoimmunity and SLE in particular. Interleulin-33 is not an SLE marker, as has been noted in other populations.
Relative production of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 10 in adult respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: L. Armstrong, A. B. Millar
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may be regarded as an example of an uncontrolled or excessive inflammatory response in which tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has been proposed to play a central role. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) has been identified as an important regulator of this response. The potential role for IL-10 in this context was investigated by measuring the relative production of IL-10 and TNF-alpha protein in the plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and alveolar macrophage culture supernatants of patients with, or at risk of developing, ARDS. METHODS: Twenty six patients were studied from three groups at risk of or with ARDS: sepsis (n = 12), multiple trauma (n = 8), and perforated bowel (n = 6). Ten patients had ARDS. Bronchoalveolar lavage and venepuncture were performed within 24 hours of arrival on the intensive therapy unit or of diagnosis of ARDS. IL-10 and TNF-alpha protein were detected in the plasma, BAL fluid, and alveolar macrophage supernatants by sandwich enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assays. RESULTS: The median IL-10 concentrations in the plasma and BAL fluid of patients with ARDS were significantly lower than the concentrations detectable in the plasma (median difference-17.5, 95% CI -52.4 to 1.31, p &lt; 0.05) and BAL fluid of at risk patients (median difference -32.1, 95% CI -47.5 to 2.3, p &lt; 0.05). There was a tendency towards enhanced concentrations of TNF-alpha detectable in the alveolar macrophage supernatants and the BAL fluid of patients with ARDS compared with at risk patients, although this did not reach statistical significance. No difference was observed in the plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha between the two groups. The ratios of TNF-alpha to IL-10 protein in the BAL fluid of patients with ARDS and at risk patients were 3.52 and 0.85, respectively (median difference 1.44, 95% CI 0.07 to 5.01, p &lt; 0.01). There was no difference in alveolar macrophage production of IL-10 between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential importance of the pro-inflammatory versus the anti-inflammatory imbalance in ARDS which may be reflected by the ratio of IL-10 and TNF-alpha in the lung.
Four novel mutations in the gene encoding gp91-phox of human NADPH oxidase: consequences for oxidase assembly.
Authors: J. H. W. Leusen, C. Meischl, M. H. M. Eppink, P. M. Hilarius, M. de Boer, R. S. Weening, A. Åhlin, L. Sanders, D. Goldblatt, H. Skopczynska, E. Bernatowska, J. Palmblad, A. J. Verhoeven, W. J. H. van Berkel, D. Roos
Journal: Blood (2000)
Infectious disease surveillance for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games
Authors: E Severi, E Heinsbroek, C Watson, M Catchpole, Collective HPA Olympics Surveillance Work Group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will be one of the largest mass gathering events in British history. In order to minimise potential infectious disease threats related to the event, the Health Protection Agency (HPA) has set up a suite of robust and multi-source surveillance systems. These include enhancements of already established systems (notification of infectious diseases, local and regional reporting, laboratory surveillance, mortality surveillance, international surveillance, and syndromic surveillance in primary care), as well as new systems created for the Games (syndromic surveillance in emergency departments and out-of-hours/unscheduled care, undiagnosed serious infectious illness surveillance). Enhanced existing and newly established surveillance systems will continue after the Games or will be ready for future reactivation should the need arise. In addition to the direct improvements to surveillance, the strengthening of relationships with national and international stakeholders will constitute a major post-Games legacy for the HPA.
Dynamics of the brain — from the statistical properties of neural signals to the development of representations
Authors: Andrew Oliver
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The unification of microscopic and macroscopic models of brain behaviour is of paramount importance and Wright &amp; Liley's target article provides some important groundwork. In this commentary, I propose that a useful approach for the future is to incorporate a developmental perspective into such models. This may be an important constraint, providing a key to understanding the nature of macroscopic measures of brain function such as functional measures like ERP.