tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients in Germany and the USA in the first decade of the twenty-first century
Authors: Dianne Pulte, Felipe A. Castro, Lina Jansen, Sabine Luttmann, Bernd Holleczek, Alice Nennecke, Meike Ressing, Alexander Katalinic, Hermann Brenner
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2016)

Recent population-based studies in the United States of America (USA) and other countries have shown improvements in survival for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) diagnosed in the early twenty-first century. Here, we examine the survival for patients diagnosed with CLL in Germany in 1997–2011. Data were extracted from 12 cancer registries in Germany and compared to the data from the USA. Period analysis was used to estimate 5- and 10-year relative survival (RS). Five- and 10-year RS estimates in 2009–2011 of 80.2 and 59.5 %, respectively, in Germany and 82.4 and 64.7 %, respectively, in the USA were observed. Overall, 5-year RS increased significantly in Germany and the difference compared to the survival in the USA which slightly decreased between 2003–2005 and 2009–2011. However, age-specific analyses showed persistently higher survival for all ages except for 15–44 in the USA. In general, survival decreased with age, but the age-related disparity was small for patients younger than 75. In both countries, 5-year RS was >80 % for patients less than 75 years of age but <70 % for those age 75+. Overall, 5-year survival for patients with CLL is good, but 10-year survival is significantly lower, and survival was much lower for those age 75+. Major differences in survival between countries were not observed. Further research into ways to increase survival for older CLL patients are needed to reduce the persistent large age-related survival disparity.
Skin Cancer Development in Mice Exposed Chronically to Immunosuppressive Agents&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R A Daynes, C C Harris, R J Connor, E J Eichwald
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Inbred female C3Hf/HeN, murine mammary tumor virus-negative mice exposed to either UV light or benzo[a]pyrene (BP), were subjected to four different chronic immunosuppressive regimens to determine their effect on skin cancer development. The immunosuppressive agents were cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cortisone, and heterologous antilymphocyte globulin. Because of an unexpectedly high morbidity and mortality of mice exposed to chronic immunosuppressive measures, the dosages were kept at a level that permitted them to survive but did not prolong allogeneic skin graft survival and lower antibody titers, nor did this level diminish proliferative responses of lymphocytes to mitogens or allogeneic lymphocytes. Nevertheless, the latency periods (time interval between beginning of medication and appearance of skin tumors) of tumors in mice exposed to immunosuppressant measures were significantly shortened in several groups of mice exposed to UV and subjected to cyclophosphamide, cortisone, or antilymphocyte globulin and mice exposed to BP and subjected to cortisone acetate. In 3 groups, spindle cell tumors (fibrosarcomas) shifted to squamous cell carcinomas. A suppressed immune function would not be regarded as the mechanism for the observed responses because immunosuppression was not detected in the experimental mice.
Effect of Inhibitory and Stimulatory Agents on Protein Synthesis in Hepatomas and Host Livers of Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H Sidransky, E Verney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Female inbred BUF rats bearing intrahepatically transplanted hepatomas (5123 or 19) were subjected to acute exposure to a variety of hepatotoxic agents (actinomycin D, aflatoxin B1, CCl4, dimethylnitrosamine, ethionine, puromycin, or sparsomycin) or of stimulatory agents (hydrocortisone, phenobarbital, or whole-body X-ray). The responses in terms of changes in polyribosomes and protein synthesis (in vitro and in vivo) of host liver and hepatoma were evaluated. The responses of the host livers and hepatomas to the different agents varied. In general, the host livers responded much more than did the hepatomas. Of the two hepatomas, hepatoma 19 responded less (particularly in terms of polyribosome changes) than did hepatoma 5123. In a few experiments, different doses of actinomycin D, ethionine, or sparsomycin were used and in all instances the host livers responded more than did the hepatomas.
Nuclear Bleb: A Stable Interphase Marker in Established Line of Ceils &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F. H. Ruddle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

An interphase marker condition in an established line of pig kidney cell is reported. The marker takes the form of a distinct nuclear protrusion or bleb, which is believed to be produced by an abnormally long acrocentric chromosome. The utility of such a marker is discussed.
Mitochondrial Pathology and Glycolytic Shift during Proximal Tubule Atrophy after Ischemic AKI
Authors: Rongpei Lan, Hui Geng, Prajjal K. Singha, Pothana Saikumar, Erwin P. Bottinger, Joel M. Weinberg, Manjeri A. Venkatachalam
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

During recovery by regeneration after AKI, proximal tubule cells can fail to redifferentiate, undergo premature growth arrest, and become atrophic. The atrophic tubules display pathologically persistent signaling increases that trigger production of profibrotic peptides, proliferation of interstitial fibroblasts, and fibrosis. We studied proximal tubules after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to characterize possible mitochondrial pathologies and alterations of critical enzymes that govern energy metabolism. In rat kidneys, tubules undergoing atrophy late after IRI but not normally recovering tubules showed greatly reduced mitochondrial number, with rounded profiles, and large autophagolysosomes. Studies after IRI of kidneys in mice, done in parallel, showed large scale loss of the oxidant–sensitive mitochondrial protein Mpv17L. Renal expression of hypoxia markers also increased after IRI. During early and late reperfusion after IRI, kidneys exhibited increased lactate and pyruvate content and hexokinase activity, which are indicators of glycolysis. Furthermore, normally regenerating tubules as well as tubules undergoing atrophy exhibited increased glycolytic enzyme expression and inhibitory phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. TGF- β antagonism prevented these effects. Our data show that the metabolic switch occurred early during regeneration after injury and was reversed during normal tubule recovery but persisted and became progressively more severe in tubule cells that failed to redifferentiate. In conclusion, irreversibility of the metabolic switch, taking place in the context of hypoxia, high TGF- β signaling and depletion of mitochondria characterizes the development of atrophy in proximal tubule cells and may contribute to the renal pathology after AKI.
Studies of Avian Sarcoma and Erythroblastosis (Strain 13). I. Titration of Infectivity by the Use of Wing-Web Inoculation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Alfred M. Wallbank, F. George Sperling, E. L. Stubbs, John L. Hyde
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Avian sarcoma and erythroblastosis (strain 13) were studied in 7 titrations. Three virus preparations and 1,070 chicks were used. The level of virus could be determined by the graphic probit estimate of the median log latent period by use of the accumulative frequencies, in probits, of log time to tumor appearance. The median log latent period was a linear function of the logarithm of virus dose. Quantal response analysis was also used to estimate the amount of virus. A linear function was obtained by the probit of the total percentage of chicks with sarcomas plotted for the various log dilutions of the virus preparation. The mean Gaddum's precision index, λ, determined from the latent-period response data for 7 experiments, was 1.52. The average value of λ derived from quantal response data for the same experiments was 1.56. These findings establish that latent-period procedures, equally accurate and more practical than quantal response analysis, may be effectively used in the bioassay of this avian tumor virus.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Elia Armellini, Stefano Crinò, Marco Ballarè, Pietro Occhipinti
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a method of achieving tumor necrosis by cell protein denaturation that is induced by heating tissues to above 45 °C, is applied in the treatment of several malignancies. Energy is provided by an RFA current generator, which is connected to an active electrode needle that is placed into the tumor under image guidance. The lesions created have variable diameters, depending on the intensity of the current used, the active tip length, and the treatment duration [1]. Recently a novel RFA needle (EUSRA RF Electrode; STARmed, Koyang, Korea) has been developed for use under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance [2]. It is an 18G water-cooled needle, with a long active tip of 5 – 30 mm ([Fig. 1]), which is connected to a radiofrequency generator (VIVA RF generator; STARmed).
American Cancer Society Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline
Authors: Ezra E. W. Cohen, Samuel J. LaMonte, Nicole L. Erb, Kerry L. Beckman, Nader Sadeghi, Katherine A. Hutcheson, Michael D. Stubblefield, Dennis M. Abbott, Penelope S. Fisher, Kevin D. Stein, Gary H. Lyman, Mandi L. Pratt‐Chapman
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2016)

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The American Cancer Society Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline was developed to assist primary care clinicians and other health practitioners with the care of head and neck cancer survivors, including monitoring for recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, assessment and management of long‐term and late effects, health promotion, and care coordination. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed through April 2015, and a multidisciplinary expert workgroup with expertise in primary care, dentistry, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, clinical psychology, speech‐language pathology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, the patient perspective, and nursing was assembled. While the guideline is based on a systematic review of the current literature, most evidence is not sufficient to warrant a strong recommendation. Therefore, recommendations should be viewed as consensus‐based management strategies for assisting patients with physical and psychosocial effects of head and neck cancer and its treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:203‐239. © 2016 American Cancer Society .
Feline Oncornavirus-Associated Cell Membrane Antigen. VI. Cytotoxic Antibody in Cats Exposed to Feline Leukemia Virus2
Authors: L. E. Mathes, D. S. Yohn, E. A. Hoover, M. Essex, J. P. Schaller, R. G. Olsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-infected specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats, normal uninfected SPF cats, and healthy cats from leukemic households were tested for antibody reactive to the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA)-containing target cell line FL-74 by microcytotoxicity and indirect membrane immunofluorescence. Of the infected SPF animals, 81% showed concordant reactivity for the two tests. In contrast, only 55% of the healthy cats known to be naturally exposed to FeLV for long periods showed such concordance. FOCMA antibody could not be detected in normal SPF cats by either indirect membrane immunofluorescence or microcytotoxicity. Most cats in the FeLV-infected SPF group developed antibody detectable by both procedures by the fifth week post inoculation. Antibody detectable by membrane immunofluorescence persisted in a high percentage (75–90%) of the animals throughout the observation period of 19 weeks; after 9 weeks, fewer cats had antibody that was also detectable by microcytotoxicity.
BMET-19CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF N-CADHERIN AND VEGF IN ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER BRAIN METASTASIS AND THE EFFECTS OF METFORMIN IN PRECLINICAL MODELS
Authors: Young Il Kim, Sang Won Lee, Seung Ho Yang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although brain metastasis is a rare complication of gastric cancer, no standard therapy for gastric cancer brain metastasis has been established. METHODS: A case-control study of patients newly diagnosed with gastric cancer who had developed brain metastasis during follow-up was conducted between 1997 and 2009. These patients were compared with a control group of patients who had advanced gastric cancer but no evidence of brain metastasis. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, MSS1, claudin-3, claudin-4, Glut1, clusterin, ITGB4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p53. RESULTS: No significant differences in biomarker expression were detected between the cases and controls. However, the expression of VEGF tended to be higher in the case group (33.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.055). Median survival was significantly correlated with vascular invasion (12 vs. 33 months, p = 0.008) and N-cadherin expression (36 vs. 12 months, p = 0.027). We also investigated the effects of metformin in tumor-bearing mouse models. VEGF expression was decreased and E-cadherin increased in the metformin-treated group compared with the control group. The expression of the mesenchymal marker MMP9 was decreased in the metformin-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Brain metastasis of advanced gastric cancer was associated with the expression of VEGF. Metformin treatment might be useful for modulating the metastatic capacity of gastric cancers by reducing VEGF expression and blocking epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
The influence of roller compaction processing variables on the rheological properties of granules
Authors: Tim Freeman, Harmut Vom Bey, Michael Hanish, Katrina Brockbank, Brian Armstrong
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2016)

This study is part of an ongoing project to enable the full specification of the Design Space for roller compactor systems and shows how the processing parameters influence the behaviour of the product granulate from a placebo formulation. Granulate was produced using a proprietary roller compactor by varying the compaction pressure and gap width, and the dynamic, bulk and shear properties of the resultant granulates were measured. The results demonstrate several rheological properties of the granulate, which have been shown to be closely correlated with variance in die filling and tablet strength, and are predictably influenced by the processing parameters.
Component-resolved analysis of IgA, IgE, and IgG4 during egg OIT identifies markers associated with sustained unresponsiveness
Authors: B. L. Wright, M. Kulis, K. A. Orgel, A. W. Burks, P. Dawson, A. K. Henning, S. M. Jones, R. A. Wood, S. H. Sicherer, R. W. Lindblad, D. Stablein, D. Y. M. Leung, B. P. Vickery, H. A. Sampson
Journal: Allergy (2016)

In a previously reported CoFAR study, 55 subjects with egg allergy underwent randomized, placebo-controlled egg oral immunotherapy (eOIT). Active treatment induced desensitization in most and sustained unresponsiveness (SU) in a smaller subset. We hypothesized that component-resolved analysis of IgE, IgG4, IgA, IgA1, and IgA2 may identify potential biomarkers of SU in OIT subjects.Longitudinal samples for 51 egg-allergic subjects (37 active and 14 placebo) were available. Egg white (EW)-, ovalbumin (OVA)-, and ovomucoid (OVM)-specific levels of IgA, IgA1, and IgA2 were quantified by ELISA. IgE and IgG4 to these antigens were quantified using ImmunoCAP® . Clinical responders achieved SU to egg; all others were considered nonresponders. Between-group comparisons were made among active and placebo, as well as responders and nonresponders.No placebo subjects achieved responder status. Through month 48, among the 37 active subjects, baseline IgE-OVM was lower in responders (median 3.97 kU/l, n = 19) than in nonresponders (10.9 kU/l, n = 18, P = 0.010). Logistic regression analysis revealed that lower baseline IgE-EW (P = 0.038), IgE-OVM (P = 0.032), and a higher IgG4/IgE-OVM ratio (P = 0.013) were associated with clinical response. Relative increases in IgG4-EW, IgA-EW, and IgA2-EW were observed in responders (P = 0.024, 0.024, and 0.029, respectively). IgG4/IgE, IgA/IgE, and IgA2/IgE ratios for EW and IgA/IgE ratio for OVA were found to be significantly elevated among responders (P = 0.004, 0.009, 0.028, and 0.008, respectively).Increased IgG4-EW, IgA-EW, and IgA2-EW during eOIT are associated with clinical response to eOIT. Lower pretreatment IgE-EW and IgE-OVM are also associated with SU. Future studies are needed to evaluate and validate these potential biomarkers.
Quality of diet and mortality among Japanese men and women: Japan Public Health Center based prospective study
Authors: Kayo Kurotani, Shamima Akter, Ikuko Kashino, Atsushi Goto, Tetsuya Mizoue, Mitsuhiko Noda, Shizuka Sasazuki, Norie Sawada, Shoichiro Tsugane
Journal: BMJ (2016)

<b>Objective</b>&nbsp;To examine the association between adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top and total and cause specific mortality. <b>Design</b>&nbsp;Large scale population based prospective cohort study in Japan with follow-up for a median of 15 years. <b>Setting</b>&nbsp;11 public health centre areas across Japan. <b>Participants</b>&nbsp;36 624 men and 42 970 women aged 45-75 who had no history of cancer, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, or chronic liver disease. <b>Main outcome measures</b>&nbsp;Deaths and causes of death identified with the residential registry and death certificates. <b>Results</b>&nbsp;Higher scores on the food guide (better adherence) were associated with lower total mortality; the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of total mortality for the lowest through highest scores were 1.00, 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97), 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93), and 0.85 (0.79 to 0.91) (P&lt;0.001 for trend) and the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio associated with a 10 point increase in food guide scores was 0.93 (0.91 to 0.95; P&lt;0.001 for trend). This score was inversely associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio associated with a 10 point increase 0.93, 0.89 to 0.98; P=0.005 for trend) and particularly from cerebrovascular disease (0.89, 0.82 to 0.95; P=0.002 for trend). There was some evidence, though not significant, of an inverse association for cancer mortality (0.96, 0.93 to 1.00; P=0.053 for trend). <b>Conclusion</b>&nbsp;Closer adherence to Japanese dietary guidelines was associated with a lower risk of total mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease, particularly from cerebrovascular disease, in Japanese adults.
Evaluation of a sensitive and fully automated extended <i>KRAS</i> test for detection of 21 mutations in 6 codons in <i>KRAS</i> exons 2, 3 and 4.
Authors: Peter Sillekens, Ellen Bellon, Ina Vandenbroucke, Marianne Van Brussel, Ann Torremans, Mark Kockx, Isabelle Vanden Bempt, Erwin Sablon, Geert G. Maertens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e22147 Background: Detection of an extended range of mutations in KRAS and NRAS exons 2, 3 and 4 for colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues is now accepted in clinical practice (Douillard et al. NEJM 2013). Recently several anti-EGFR trials were re-analysed for extended RAS mutations by digital PCR, and showed that detection of about 1% of such mutations yielded more significant PFS and OS compared to previous analyses which were based on detection of exon 2 mutations at 5-10% sensitivity (e.g. Lenz et al. ESMO 2014). Methods: The Idylla KRAS Mutation Test (Biocartis) detects 21 mutations in 18 amino acids in codons 12 (C,R,S,A,D, and V) and 13 (D) of exon 2, codons 59 (E,G,T) and 61 (K,L,R, and H) of exon 3, and codons 117 (N) and 146 (P,T, and V) of exon 4 of the KRAS gene. All mutations were detected by selective amplification in 5 multiplex PCRs in a single Idylla cartridge. LODs were calculated with plasmid dilutions in 1000 copies of KRAS wt FFPE background. 103 CRC FFPE samples previously tested with the cobas KRAS Mutation Test (Roche) were analyzed. A single slice of 5 µm from CRC FFPE blocks was directly inserted in the cartridge and processed automatically in the Idylla instrument. Sections containing < 50% tumor area were macro-dissection both for Idylla and cobas tests. Further, 93 CRC samples were tested as complete FFPE slices on Idylla and compared with MiSeq (Illumina) sequencing or MassArray (Sequenom). Informed consent was obtained for all samples in the 2 studies. Results: LODs for the 21 extended KRAS mutations varied from < 0.1% to < 5% with an average LOD of around 1%. Out of 103 samples, 71 KRAS mutations were detected by Idylla, and 65 were detected by cobas. The 6 discordant samples (8%) showed A146T/V/P (n = 3), K117N (n = 1), G12C (n = 1), and G13D (n = 1) mutations in Idylla and wt with cobas. Of 93 in-house CRC samples, 48 mutant samples were detected on Idylla and 41 in MiSeq/MassArray. The 7 discordant samples (15%) showed wt on MiSeq/MassArray and KRAS mutant in Idylla. Conclusions: The Idylla KRAS Mutation test is a fully automated method for detection of extended KRAS mutations with higher sensitivity and specificity compared to current KRAS exon 2/3 tests or sequencing.
A New Electrocardiographic Marker of Sudden Death in Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Leonardo Calò, Carla Giustetto, Annamaria Martino, Luigi Sciarra, Natascia Cerrato, Marta Marziali, Jessica Rauzino, Giulia Carlino, Ermenegildo de Ruvo, Federico Guerra, Marco Rebecchi, Chiara Lanzillo, Matteo Anselmino, Antonio Castro, Federico Turreni, Maria Penco, Massimo Volpe, Alessandro Capucci, Fiorenzo Gaita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)