tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COPD increases the risk of squamous histological subtype in smokers who develop non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: A Papi
Journal: Thorax (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Squamous cell carcinoma has a stronger association with tobacco smoking than other non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). A study was undertaken to determine whether chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a risk factor for the squamous cell carcinoma histological subtype in smokers with surgically resectable NSCLC. <b>Methods:</b> Using a case-control design, subjects with a surgically confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled from smokers undergoing lung resection for NSCLC in the District Hospital of Ferrara, Italy. Control subjects were smokers who underwent lung resection for NSCLC in the same hospital and had a surgically confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC of any histological type other than squamous cell. <b>Results:</b> Eighty six cases and 54 controls (mainly adenocarcinoma, n = 50) were enrolled. The presence of COPD was found to increase the risk for the squamous cell histological subtype by more than four times. Conversely, the presence of chronic bronchitis was found to decrease the risk for this histological subtype by more than four times. Among patients with chronic bronchitis (n = 77), those with COPD had a 3.5 times higher risk of having the squamous cell histological subtype. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data suggest that, among smokers with surgically resectable NSCLC, COPD is a risk factor for the squamous cell histological subtype and chronic bronchitis, particularly when not associated with COPD, is a risk factor for the adenocarcinoma histological subtype.
HIV antigen‐induced release of histamine from basophils from HIV infected patients
Authors: M. Pedersen, C. M. Nielsen, H. Permin
Journal: Allergy (1991)

Basophil leukocytes from 39 HIV‐infected patients with various degrees of immunodeficiency and disease progression were stimulated with an HIV antigen preparation. Cells from 19 of 22 patients with AIDS and all of six patients with milder degrees of HXV‐related disease showed significant histamine release. In contrast, cells from 11 asymptomatic HIV‐infected patients and 11 healthy control persons released no histamine. The histamine release induced by HIV antigen was found to be inversely correlated to the number of CD4 positive T lymphocytes. These results indicate that the histamine release was related to both the clinical stage of disease and the degree of immunodeficiency. Passive sensitization experiments showed that IgE, but not IgG, was reponsible for the induction of histamine release, indicating the reaction to be type 1 allergic. The histamine release caused by HIV might be involved in the development of disease because of the immunomodulating properties of this mediator.
Increased sensitivity to isoprenaline following digoxin pretreatment in anaesthetised and conscious dogs
Authors: A. S Mihailidou, R. Einstein, D. P Richardson, P. Gray, M. P Jones, S. N Hunyor
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of chronic digoxin therapy on cardiac sensitivity to isoprenaline.Responses to isoprenaline were examined in both conscious and anaesthetised dogs pretreated with digoxin, and compared with conscious or anaesthetised controls with no digoxin pretreatment. Isoprenaline infusion (0.001-0.1 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) in pretreated groups was performed 7 d after digoxin dosing was stopped, when plasma digoxin concentrations were zero.Mongrel dogs of either sex (15-25 kg) were used in the experiments, done under anaesthetic. They were divided into three groups (n = 6 per group): group A were controls; groups B and C were pretreated with digoxin 500-750 micrograms.d-1, for 14 d (B) and 7 d (C). For the experiments in conscious animals, six mongrel dogs (25-30 kg) and two greyhounds (25-30 kg) were used; group D (n = 6) were treated with digoxin for 20-40 d; group E (n = 2) were treated for 7 d.Heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial contractility (dP/dt: integrated isometric tension) were measured during isoprenaline infusion. Digoxin pretreatment for 14 d did not significantly change the chronotropic or depressor responses to isoprenaline in anaesthetised dogs but there was a 10-fold increase in inotropic sensitivity to isoprenaline following withdrawal. When the pretreatment period was reduced to 7 d there was no change in any of the responses to isoprenaline. In conscious dogs there was also a significant increase in inotropic sensitivity to isoprenaline after digoxin withdrawal, but this was not so marked as in anaesthetised dogs. In conscious dogs chronotropic sensitivity to isoprenaline was also increased.It is possible that the inotropic effect maintained during the 2 weeks of digoxin treatment may cause substantial withdrawal of sympathetic tone to the heart, with a consequent increase in beta adrenoceptor number or sensitivity, which could be detected a week after digoxin withdrawal.
Effect of treating severe nasal obstruction on the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: H. A. McLean
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

An association between mouth breathing during sleep and increased propensity for upper airway collapse is well documented, but the effect of treatment for nasal obstruction on mouth breathing during sleep and simultaneous obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity has not been described previously. A randomised single blind placebo- and sham-controlled crossover study of treatment (topical decongestant and external dilator strip) for nasal obstruction was carried out in 10 patients (nine males; mean±sem 46±5 yrs) with nasal obstruction and OSA. All patients had normal acoustic pharyngometry. The effect of treatment on nasal resistance, mouth breathing during sleep and OSA severity was quantified. Treatment of nasal obstruction was associated with a dramatic and sustained reduction in nasal resistance and the oral fraction of ventilation during sleep (mean (95% confidence interval) absolute reduction in oral fraction 30% (12–49)). Improvements in sleep architecture were observed during active treatment, and there was a modest reduction in OSA severity (change in apnoea–hypopnoea index 12 (3–22)). In conclusion, treating nasal obstruction reduced mouth breathing during sleep and obstructive sleep apnoea severity, but did not effectively alleviate obstructive sleep apnoea.
Accuracy of urinary human papillomavirus testing for presence of cervical HPV: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: N. Pathak, J. Dodds, J. Zamora, K. Khan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the accuracy of testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in urine in detecting cervical HPV in sexually active women. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Searches of electronic databases from inception until December 2013, checks of reference lists, manual searches of recent issues of relevant journals, and contact with experts. <b>Eligibility criteria</b> Test accuracy studies in sexually active women that compared detection of urine HPV DNA with detection of cervical HPV DNA. <b>Data extraction and synthesis</b> Data relating to patient characteristics, study context, risk of bias, and test accuracy. 2×2 tables were constructed and synthesised by bivariate mixed effects meta-analysis. <b>Results</b> 16 articles reporting on 14 studies (1443 women) were eligible for meta-analysis. Most used commercial polymerase chain reaction methods on first void urine samples. Urine detection of any HPV had a pooled sensitivity of 87% (95% confidence interval 78% to 92%) and specificity of 94% (95% confidence interval 82% to 98%). Urine detection of high risk HPV had a pooled sensitivity of 77% (68% to 84%) and specificity of 88% (58% to 97%). Urine detection of HPV 16 and 18 had a pooled sensitivity of 73% (56% to 86%) and specificity of 98% (91% to 100%). Metaregression revealed an increase in sensitivity when urine samples were collected as first void compared with random or midstream (P=0.004). <b>Limitations</b> The major limitations of this review are the lack of a strictly uniform method for the detection of HPV in urine and the variation in accuracy between individual studies. <b>Conclusions</b> Testing urine for HPV seems to have good accuracy for the detection of cervical HPV, and testing first void urine samples is more accurate than random or midstream sampling. When cervical HPV detection is considered difficult in particular subgroups, urine testing should be regarded as an acceptable alternative.
Allelic variation at the interleukin 1beta gene is associated with decreased bone mass in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: A Nemetz
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and its natural antagonist have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both cytokines influence bone formation. IL-1β stimulates osteoclast activity while interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) enhances bone formation. <h3>AIMS</h3> To determine whether the decreased bone mass in IBD is related to gene polymorphisms coding for IL-1β and IL-1ra, and thus identify patients with an increased risk. <h3>METHODS</h3> Bone mineral densitometry was performed at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and the distal third of the radius in 75 IBD patients (34 men/41 women; 40.3 (1.6) years) and in 58 healthy controls (HC; 28 men/30 women; 32.4 (1.2) years). Values were correlated with the<i>Taq</i>I and AvaI gene polymorphisms in the<i>IL1B</i> and the variable number of tandem repeats gene polymorphism in the <i>IL1RN</i> gene. <h3>RESULTS</h3> In IBD patients, but not in HC, carriers of allele 2 at the AvaI gene polymorphism (<i>IL1B-511*2</i>) had significantly lower Z scores at the lumbar spine (−0.82 (0.13)<i>v</i> −0.29 (0.21) p=0.03) and the femoral neck (−0.59 (0.14) <i>v</i> 0.15 (0.19); p=0.003) than non-carriers. These patients also had a higher risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis at the femoral neck (odds ratio 3.63 (95% confidence interval 0.95–13.93)). No association was found between bone mass and the other gene polymorphisms analysed in IBD patients or in HC. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Our results suggest that genetic variability may be a major determinant of bone loss in IBD. Carriers of <i>IL1B-511*2</i>, who are hypersecretors of IL-1β, have a higher risk of presenting with low bone mass in IBD. Screening for this allele may contribute to determination of the risk of bone loss at the time of disease onset.
WITHDRAWN: Inhibited mitochondrial respiration by amobarbital during cardiac ischemia improves redox state and reduces matrix Ca2+ overload and ROS release☆
Authors: M ALDAKKAK, D STOWE, Q CHEN, E LESNEFSKY, A CAMARA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Damage to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) occurs during ischaemia. Blockade of electron flow in the ETC just before ischaemia with the reversible complex I inhibitor amobarbital protects isolated mitochondria against ischaemic damage and preserves oxidative phosphorylation and cytochrome c content. We hypothesized that brief amobarbital perfusion just before ischaemia would improve cardiac recovery and decrease infarct size after ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) by preserving the mitochondrial redox state and reducing mitochondrial superoxide (O2−•) generation, in turn would decrease mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation (mt[Ca2+]). Guinea pig Langendorff-perfused hearts were treated with Krebs Ringer solution (KR; untreated) or amobarbital (2.5 mM) in KR for 1 min immediately before 30 min of no flow, global ischaemia, followed by reperfusion without additional treatment. Cardiac function, mitochondrial NADH, FAD, mt[Ca2+], and O2−• levels were assessed during the 1 min perfusion period and throughout IR. Amobarbital perfusion alone before ischaemia significantly increased O2−• levels and NADH, without altering FAD, and decreased mt[Ca2+]. During ischaemia, mitochondrial NADH was higher, O2−• levels were lower, and mt[Ca2+] was less elevated in the amobarbital group. On reperfusion O2−• levels and mt[Ca2+] were significantly reduced, NADH-FAD redox state was preserved and cardiac function was markedly improved in the amobarbital group; infarct size was smaller in the amobarbital group compared to the untreated group. Temporary blockade of mitochondrial complex I activity by amobarbital protects hearts by reducing production of O2−• and mtCa2+ loading during IR injury.
Rho-kinase regulates energy balance by targeting hypothalamic leptin receptor signaling
Authors: Hu Huang, Dong Kong, Kyung Hee Byun, Chianping Ye, Shuichi Koda, Dae Ho Lee, Byung-Chul Oh, Sam W Lee, Bonghee Lee, Janice M Zabolotny, Min Seon Kim, Christian Bjørbæk, Bradford B Lowell, Young-Bum Kim
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2012)
Phase I Trial of Weekly and Twice-Weekly Bortezomib with Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, and Prednisone in Relapsed or Refractory Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: John Gerecitano, Carol Portlock, Paul Hamlin, Craig H. Moskowitz, Ariela Noy, David Straus, Philip Schulman, Otilia Dumitrescu, Debra Sarasohn, Jennifer Pappanicholaou, Alexia Iasonos, Zhigang Zhang, Qianxing Mo, Endri Horanlli, Celeste N. Rojas, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Owen A. O'Connor
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

To determine the safety and efficacy of substituting weekly or twice-weekly bortezomib for vincristine in the R-CVP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone) regimen in patients with relapsed/refractory indolent and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Haemopneumothorax from congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in a cryptorchidism patient
Authors: S-C. Lee, Y-L. Cheng, C-P. Yu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung is an uncommon congenital anomaly, especially in young adults. This study reports an 18-yr-old male with CCAM involving the right upper lobe, who presented with a moderate spontaneous haemopneumothorax initially. The patient also had bilateral abdominal cryptorchidism which required surgical treatment earlier in childhood. The chest radiographs and contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scan of the chest showed a multicystic lesion with air-fluid levels in the right upper lung. The right upper lobe was resected through a posterolateral thoracotomy. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CCAM. To the authors9 knowledge, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation presenting with spontaneous haemopneumothorax and haemoptysis has never been described in the literature.
Cigarette smoking is associated with a greater risk of incident asthma in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Riccardo Polosa, James D. Knoke, Cristina Russo, Giovita Piccillo, Pasquale Caponnetto, Maria Sarvà, Lidia Proietti, Wael K. Al-Delaimy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Successful engraftment of human postnatal thymus in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice: differential engraftment of thymic components with irradiation versus anti-asialo GM-1 immunosuppressive regimens.
Authors: T S Barry, D M Jones, C B Richter, B F Haynes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

To develop a model of human thymus growth in vivo, we have implanted postnatal human thymus under the renal capsule of severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice and assayed for graft survival and graft characteristics 1-3 mo after engraftment. Three groups of SCID mice were engrafted with postnatal human thymus: untreated SCID mice, SCID mice pretreated with 400 cGy of gamma irradiation 1-5 d before engraftment, and SCID mice treated with intraperitoneal anti-asialo GM-1 antiserum every 4-5 d during engraftment. In the untreated group of SCID mice, only 37% of grafts survived and consisted of human thymic microenvironment components and human immature thymocytes. Irradiation of SCID mice before engraftment improved survival of human thymic grafts to 83%, but these grafts were largely devoid of thymocytes and contained only thymic microenvironment components with large numbers of thymic macrophages. Treatment of SCID mice with anti-asialo GM-1 antiserum throughout the engraftment period also promoted human thymus engraftment (70%) and induced SCID B cell Ig production (SCID[Ig+]) in 38% of animals. In SCID(Ig-) anti-asialo GM-1-treated mice, the human thymic grafts were similar in content to those in untreated SCID mice. However, in anti-asialo GM-1-treated animals with grafts that became SCID(Ig+), all animals were found to have mouse-human chimeric grafts in that the human thymic microenvironment (human fibroblasts, thymic epithelium, vessels) was colonized by murine T cells. These data demonstrate that human postnatal thymus will grow as xenografts in SCID mice, and that the components of human thymus that engraft are dependent on the immunosuppressive regimen used in recipient mice. A striking finding in this study was the induction of T and B lymphopoiesis in SCID mice by abrogation of NK cell activity with in vivo anti-asialo GM-1 treatment. These data strongly suggest that asialo GM-1+ NK cells and/or macrophages play a role in mediation of suppression of lymphopoiesis in SCID mice.
Advances in Proteomic Technologies
Authors: Martin L. Yarmush, Arul Jayaraman
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2002)

Proteomics is a rapidly emerging set of key technologies that are being used to identify proteins and map their interactions in a cellular context. With the sequencing of the human genome, the scope of proteomics has shifted from protein identification and characterization to include protein structure, function and protein-protein interactions. Technologies used in proteomic research include two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, yeast two-hybrids screens, and computational prediction programs. While some of these technologies have been in use for a long time, they are currently being applied to study physiology and cellular processes in high-throughput formats. It is the high-throughput approach that defines and characterizes modern proteomics. In this review, we discuss the current status of these experimental and computational technologies relevant to the three major aspects of proteomics-characterization of proteomes, identification of proteins, and determination of protein function. We also briefly discuss the development of new proteomic technologies that are based on recent advances in analytical and biochemical techniques, engineering, microfabrication, and computational prowess. The integration of these advances with established technologies is invaluable for the drive toward a comprehensive understanding of protein structure and function in the cellular milieu.
Proposal for a systematic analysis of polygraphy or polysomnography for identifying and scoring abnormal events occurring during non-invasive ventilation
Authors: J Gonzalez-Bermejo, C Perrin, J P Janssens, J L Pepin, G Mroue, P Léger, B Langevin, S Rouault, C Rabec, D Rodenstein
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is recognised as an effective treatment for chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Monitoring NIV during sleep may be preferable to daytime assessment. This paper reports the findings of an international consensus group which systematically analysed nocturnal polygraphic or polysomnographic tracings recorded with either volume-cycled or pressure-cycled ventilators. A systematic description of nocturnal respiratory events which occur during NIV is proposed: leaks, obstruction at different levels of the upper airway (glottis and/or pharynx), with or without decrease of respiratory drive and asynchrony.
Clinical Course of Glycogen Disease
Authors:  van CREVELD
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Symptomatic Care of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Richard A. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Until a definitive treatment is found for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, there will continue to be a need to provide symptomatic care. Experience with caring for a large number of patients has proved that symptomatic therapy can be based on rational principles. Treatment should be limited to procedures that are simple and low-cost, with low risk of serious morbidity. When all remedies fail, the physician can still provide a comforting presence and foster a dignified death. (<i>JAMA</i>234:715-717, 1975)
Natural Selection on the Influenza Virus Genome
Authors: Yoshiyuki Suzuki
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Influenza viruses are the etiological agents of influenza. Although vaccines and drugs are available for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza virus infections, the generation of escape mutants has been reported. To develop vaccines and drugs that are less susceptible to the generation of escape mutants, it is important to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of the viruses. Here natural selection operating on all the proteins encoded by the H3N2 human influenza A virus genome was inferred by comparing the numbers of synonymous (dS [DS]) and nonsynonymous (dN [DN]) substitutions per site. Natural selection was also inferred for the groups of functional amino acid sites involved in B-cell epitopes (BCEs), T-cell epitopes (TCEs), drug resistance, and growth in eggs. The entire region of PB1-F2 was positively selected, and positive selection also appeared to operate on BCEs, TCEs, and growth in eggs. The frequency of escape mutant generation appeared to be positively correlated with the dN/dS (DN/DS) values for the targets of vaccines and drugs, suggesting that the amino acid sites under strong functional constraint are suitable targets. In particular, TCEs may represent candidate targets because the dN/dS (DN/DS) values were small and negative selection was inferred for many of them.
Development, cytokine profile and function of human interleukin 17–producing helper T cells
Authors: Nicholas J Wilson, Katia Boniface, Jason R Chan, Brent S McKenzie, Wendy M Blumenschein, Jeanine D Mattson, Beth Basham, Kathleen Smith, Taiying Chen, Franck Morel, Jean-Claude Lecron, Robert A Kastelein, Daniel J Cua, Terrill K McClanahan, Edward P Bowman, Rene de Waal Malefyt
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
Health services for women with chronic pelvic pain
Authors: R W. Stones, C. Price
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

The planning of effective services for patients with particular conditions demands an understanding of epidemiology, pathophysiology and therapy. In the case of chronic pain in general, and chronic pelvic pain in particular, elements of the pathophysiology are beginning to be elucidated, and certain treatments that were formerly deployed only in pain clinics are now entering use in gynaecological settings. These developments have been reviewed elsewhere1. Here we assess the scale of the health problem posed by chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and the kind of clinical services that would optimize outcomes.