tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Absence of reverse electrical remodeling during regression of volume overload hypertrophy in canine ventricles
Authors: M Peschar
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Ventricular hypertrophy predisposes for cardiac arrhythmias, presumably due to prolongation of repolarization (electrical remodeling). The temporal relation between the development of hypertrophy and electrical remodeling, as well as their reversibility upon restoration of normal load, however, are poorly understood. This was investigated in the present study using volume overload hypertrophy induced by atrio-ventricular (AV) block and normalization of load by pacing. Methods: Dogs were subjected to either 16 weeks of AV-block (CAVB group, n = 9) or 8 weeks of AV-block followed by 8 weeks of right ventricular (RV) pacing at physiological heart rate (CAVB+PACE group, n = 9). Results: Left ventricular (LV) mass (2D-echocardiography) increased after 8 weeks of AV-block to ∼30% above baseline and returned to 10±14% after 8 weeks of pacing. QT-time (surface ECG) also increased after AV-block. However, 8 weeks of pacing did not decrease QT and QTc-time (c=corrected for heart rate), neither during physiological pacing nor during temporary pacing at 100 beats/min. Lack of reverse electrical remodeling was confirmed by the absence of changes in LV and RV action potential duration (monophasic action potentials) at week 8 and 16. Conclusions: In volume overload hypertrophy due to AV-block, structural and electrical remodeling develop in parallel but restoration of physiological heart rate causes dissociation between reverse structural remodeling and reverse electrical remodeling.
Prognostic Effect of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Overexpression in Untreated Node-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Marcus Schmidt, Dirk Hasenclever, Mitra Schaeffer, Daniel Boehm, Cristina Cotarelo, Eric Steiner, Antje Lebrecht, Wulf Siggelkow, Wolfgang Weikel, Ilka Schiffer-Petry, Susanne Gebhard, Henryk Pilch, Mathias Gehrmann, Hans-Anton Lehr, Heinz Koelbl, Jan G. Hengstler, Martin Schuler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) recently received increased attention not only as a prognostic factor in breast cancer but also as a potential target for immunotherapy. We examined Ep-CAM expression in 402 consecutive node-negative breast cancer patients with long-term follow-up not treated in the adjuvant setting.Ep-CAM expression was evaluated by immunostaining. Its prognostic effect was estimated relative to overexpression/amplification of HER-2, histologic grade, tumor size, age, and hormone receptor expression.Ep-CAM status was positive in 106 (26.4%) patients. In multivariate analysis, Ep-CAM status was associated with disease-free survival independent of age, pT stage, histologic grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), as well as HER2 status (P = 0.028; hazard ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.44). Recently, so-called triple-negative (HER-2, ER, and PR) breast cancer has received increased attention. We noticed a similar association of Ep-CAM with disease-free survival in the triple-negative group as for the entire cohort.In this study of untreated breast cancer patients, Ep-CAM overexpression was associated with poor survival in the entire cohort and in the subgroup of triple-negative breast cancer. This suggests that Ep-CAM may be a well-suited target for specific therapies particularly in HER-2-, ER-, and PR-negative tumors.
PSYCHOLOGIC FACTORS AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASE IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM : A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF 69 VOMITERS AND 66 CONTROLS
Authors: PHILIP W. MAJERUS, SAMUEL B. GUZE, W. BRADFORD DELONG, ELI ROBINS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

1. This report is based upon a systematic, clinical study of a group of consecutive women discharged from the hospital with the diagnosis of uncomplicated hyperemesis gravidarum compared to a group of consecutive controls selected by taking the next admission to the hospital of a normal, full-term, uncomplicated pregnancy in the same ward or private status. 2. The study involved a personal clinical interview with each woman 2 to 4 years after discharge from the hospital: 84% of the original sample were found and interviewed; 94% of the women who remained within 250 miles of the hospital were found and interviewed. We thus studied 69 vomiters and 66 controls. 3. The interviews were clinical in their orientation and covered the following areas: medical and psychiatric symptoms, past illnesses, operations, hospitalizations, socioeconomic status, pregnancies, nursing, contraception, marital and sexual adjustment, relations with mothers and mothers-in-law, and personal psychologic adjustment. Each area was systematically covered in the same order in each woman. 4. There were no significant differences between vomiters and controls with respect to overall psychiatric illness nor with respect to any individual psychiatric illness. 5. There were no significant differences between vomiters and controls with respect to other gastrointestinal symptoms, menstrual disorders or psychologic symptoms. 6. There was no evidence that the prevalence of hyperemesis gravidarum was higher in women from upper socioeconomic levels. 7. There were no significant differences between vomiters and controls with respect to primiparity, abortions and still births, contraception, attitudes toward and planning for pregnancy and nursing, separation and divorce, trouble with husband, sexual adjustment and relations with mothers and mothers-in-law. 8. Vomiters were significantly more likely to vomit with other pregnancies than were controls. 9. There were no significant differences between vomiters and controls to suggest that there is any association between hyperemesis gravidarum and chronic psychiatric or psychologic disorders.
Cystatin C– and Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Vascular Disease, and Mortality in Persons With Diabetes in the U.S.
Authors: Ching-Wei Tsai, Morgan E. Grams, Lesley A. Inker, Josef Coresh, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE Serum cystatin C is an alternative to serum creatinine for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR), since cystatin C is less influenced by age and muscle mass. Among persons with diabetes, we compared the performance of GFR estimated using cystatin C (eGFRcys) with that using creatinine (eGFRcr) for the identification of reduced kidney function and its association with diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from adult participants from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with available cystatin C (N = 4,457). Kidney function was dichotomized as preserved (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) or reduced (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) using the 2012 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) cystatin C and the 2009 CKD-EPI creatinine equations. RESULTS Among 778 persons with diabetes, the prevalence of reduced kidney function was 16.5% using eGFRcr and 22.0% using eGFRcys. More persons with diabetes were reclassified from preserved kidney function by eGFRcr to reduced kidney function by eGFRcys than persons without diabetes (odds ratio 3.1 [95% CI 1.9-4.9], P < 0.001). The associations between lower eGFR and higher prevalence of albuminuria, retinopathy, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary artery disease were robust regardless of filtration marker. Similarly, the risk of all-cause mortality increased with lower eGFRcr and eGFRcys. Only lower eGFRcys was significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS More persons with diabetes had reduced kidney function by eGFRcys than by eGFRcr, and lower eGFRcys was strongly associated with diabetes complications. Whether eGFRcys is superior to eGFRcr in approximating true kidney function in a diabetic population requires additional study.
Furrier's lung
Authors: J. C. Pimentel
Journal: Thorax (1970)

As is known, the inhalation of animal hairs can provoke immunological reactions in the respiratory tract affecting the naso-tracheo-bronchial sector and giving rise to asthma-like syndromes. Another form of disease, found in furriers with long exposure to `hair dust9, is described. It is characterized by a granulomatous interstitial pneumonia, of the tuberculoid type, very similar to that described in other diseases related to the inhalation of organic dusts, both vegetable and animal, such as `farmer9s lung9 and `bird fancier9s lung9. This new disease—which we experimentally reproduced—can be diagnosed from the occupational history together with the finding on lung biopsy of hair shafts within granulomatous lesions (birefringence and histo-chemical reactions). As in other diseases of this type, a host factor of probable immunological nature is suggested. Attention is drawn to the need to protect workers in the furrier9s trade.
Evidence of high levels of anxiety and depression in polymorphic light eruption and their association with clinical and demographic variables
Authors: H.L. Richards, T.C. Ling, G. Evangelou, R.C.C. Brooke, D.G. Fortune, L.E. Rhodes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) is a prevalent photosensitivity condition associated with psychological distress. Objective To examine patients with PLE for evidence of anxiety and depression, the influence of demographic and clinical variables, and the coping strategies used.In a cross-sectional design, patients with PLE (n = 145) who had attended a hospital dermatology department completed validated questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression, social anxiety, and coping strategies. Clinical variables examined were: (i) number of months of the year affected by PLE; (ii) facial involvement; (iii) time taken for the rash to resolve; and (iv) whether the patient ever used steroids for their condition.Participants ranged in age from 16-78 (mean 44 years, SD 11.9), 81% female, with a mean age at onset of PLE of 28 years. Evidence of high levels of anxiety and depression was found in PLE, with 22% and 8% of patients scoring as probable cases for anxiety and depression, respectively. Higher levels of anxiety were associated with younger age of onset of PLE (r = -0.25, P < 0.01) and facial involvement (t = 2.84, P < 0.01), and depression was also associated with facial involvement (t = 3.60, P < 0.01). Furthermore, higher levels of depression and anxiety were associated with the use of maladaptive coping strategies, and depression was found to be the principal predictor of quality of life.High levels of anxiety and depression occur in PLE. Clinicians should be alert to the potential need for psychological management, particularly in patients with facial involvement and a younger age of onset of PLE.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Søren T. Skou, Ewa M. Roos, Mogens B. Laursen, Michael S. Rathleff, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Ole Simonsen, Sten Rasmussen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

More than 670,000 total knee replacements are performed annually in the United States; however, high-quality evidence to support the effectiveness of the procedure, as compared with nonsurgical interventions, is lacking.
Cytokine-Stimulated Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts Produce Thymus and Activation-Regulated Chemokine (TARC)
Authors: Tetsuo Shoda, Kyoko Futamura, Kenichiro Motomura, Hirohisa Saito, Kenji Matsumoto, Akio Matsuda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Coal Use, Stove Improvement, and Adult Pneumonia Mortality in Xuanwei, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Min Shen, Robert S. Chapman, Roel Vermeulen, Linwei Tian, Tongzhang Zheng, Bingshu E. Chen, Eric A. Engels, Xingzhou He, Aaron Blair, Qing Lan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

In Xuanwei County, China, unvented indoor coal burning is strongly associated with increased risk of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the impact of coal burning and stove improvement on risk of pneumonia is not clear.We conducted a retrospective cohort study among all farmers born 1917 through 1951 and living in Xuanwei as of 1 January 1976. The analysis included a total of 42,422 cohort members. Follow-up identified all deaths in the cohort from 1976 through 1996. Ages at entry into and at exit from follow-up ranged from 24 to 59 years and from 25 to 80 years, respectively. The record search detected 225 deaths from pneumonia, and 32,332 (76%) were alive as of 31 December 1996. We constructed multivariable Cox models (time variable = age) to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Use of coal, especially smokeless coal, was positively associated with pneumonia mortality. Annual tonnage and lifetime duration of smoky and smokeless coal use were positively associated with pneumonia mortality. Stove improvement was associated with a 50% reduction in pneumonia deaths (smoky coal users: HR, 0.521; 95% CI, 0.340-0.798; smokeless coal users: HR, 0.449; 95% CI, 0.215-0.937).Our analysis is the first to suggest that indoor air pollution from unvented coal burning is an important risk factor for pneumonia death in adults and that improving ventilation by installing a chimney is an effective measure to decrease it.
Direct interactions between B and T lymphocytes bearing complementary receptors.
Authors: J P Tite, J Kaye, K M Saizawa, J Ming, M E Katz, L A Smith, C A Janeway
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

A murine cloned Th cell line specific for the antigen conalbumin in the context of self I-A molecules can be activated by low concentrations of soluble antireceptor mAb. By using an antireceptor mAb to shared antigenic determinants on T cell receptors, we have shown that the ability to be activated by soluble antireceptor mAb is an unusual, although not unique, feature of this cloned T cell line. This activation does not involve occult APC, FcR, or interaction between individual cloned T cells, as limiting-dilution analysis shows that individual cells of this clone will grow in the presence of the antireceptor antibody and IL-1 as stimulus. This cloned T cell line is highly immunogenic in vivo, giving rise to antireceptor antibodies that stimulate its growth in both mice and rats. This response is not dependent upon exogenous T cells. Rather, the clone directly interacts with complementary B cells, as shown by the production of mAb in nude mice, and by production of stimulating antireceptor antibodies by purified B cells cultured with cloned Th cells in vitro. Several features of this cloned Th cell line, most especially its ability to be activated, rather than inhibited, by antireceptor antibodies, may account for its striking ability to directly activate B cells bearing complementary receptors. The direct interaction of the cloned Th cell with B cells bearing complementary receptors may serve as a model for receptor-receptor interactions in the generation of both T and B cell repertoires.
Wedge resection and radiofrequency ablation for stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Marcello C. Ambrogi, Olivia Fanucchi, Paolo Dini, Franca Melfi, Federico Davini, Marco Lucchi, Gabriele Massimetti, Alfredo Mussi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

The main aim of this study was to compare radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and wedge resection in terms of disease recurrence and survival, as intent-to-treat therapy for stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in marginal or non-surgical candidates. 121 high-risk patients, treated for stage I NSCLC with wedge resection (n=59) or RFA (n=62) in a 7-year period, were analysed. Age, sex, comorbidity score, performance status, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity values, body mass index, T-stage and histology were evaluated as possible risk factors affecting disease recurrence and survival. At a median follow-up of 36 and 42 months for wedge resection and for RFA (p=0.232), local recurrence rate was 2 and 23%, respectively (p=0.002). The 1-, 2- and 5-year overall survival (disease-free interval) rates were 100% (96%), 96% (90%) and 52% (76%) for wedge resection, and 93% (87%), 72% (63%), and 35% (55%) for RFA (p=0.044 and p=0.01, respectively). None of the analysed parameters was found to be risk factor for disease recurrence and survival, except stage T2, which significantly affected disease-recurrence, overall and cancer-related survival and disease-free interval in the RFA group. Whenever possible, surgical resection, even if limited, should be preferred due to its higher disease control and survival rates. RFA can be considered a valid option for inoperable patients, especially for those with stage T1N0.
Elevated Properdin and Enhanced Complement Activation in First-Degree Relatives of South Asian Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Riyaz Somani, Victoria R. Richardson, Kristina F. Standeven, Peter J. Grant, Angela M. Carter
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Emerging data implicate activation of the complement cascade in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationships between components of the complement system, metabolic risk factors, and family history of type 2 diabetes in healthy South Asians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited 119 healthy, first-degree relatives of South Asian subjects with type 2 diabetes (SARs) and 119 age- and sex-matched, healthy South Asian control subjects (SACs). Fasting blood samples were taken for measurement of complement factors and standard metabolic risk factors. RESULTS SARs were characterized by significantly higher properdin (mean concentration 12.6 [95% CI 12.2–13.1] mg/L vs. SACs 10.1 [9.7–10.5] mg/L, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), factor B (187.4 [180.1–195.0] mg/L vs. SACs 165.0 [158.0–172.2] mg/L, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and SC5b-9 (92.0 [86.1–98.3] ng/mL vs. SACs 75.3 [71.9–78.9] ng/mL, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and increased homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (2.86 [2.61–3.13] vs. SACs 2.31 [2.05–2.61], P = 0.007). C-reactive protein did not differ between SARs and SACs (P = 0.17). In subgroup analysis of 25 SARs and 25 SACs with normal oral glucose tolerance tests, properdin, factor B, and SC5b-9 remained significantly elevated in SARs. CONCLUSIONS Increased properdin and complement activation are associated with a family history of type 2 diabetes in South Asians independent of insulin resistance, and predate the development of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. Properdin and SC5b-9 may be novel biomarkers for future risk of type 2 diabetes in this high-risk population and warrant further investigation.
Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors: Expression Profiling Evidences a Role for AKT-mTOR Pathway
Authors: Edoardo Missiaglia, Irene Dalai, Stefano Barbi, Stefania Beghelli, Massimo Falconi, Marco della Peruta, Lorenzo Piemonti, Gabriele Capurso, Alessia Di Florio, Gianfranco delle Fave, Paolo Pederzoli, Carlo M. Croce, Aldo Scarpa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose We investigated the global gene expression in a large panel of pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) aimed at identifying new potential targets for therapy and biomarkers to predict patient outcome. Patients and Methods Using a custom microarray, we analyzed 72 primary PETs, seven matched metastases, and 10 normal pancreatic samples. Relevant differentially expressed genes were validated by either quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Results Our data showed that: tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were downregulated in most of the primary tumors, and their low expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival; somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) was absent or very low in insulinomas compared with nonfunctioning tumors; and expression of fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) gene was significantly associated with the occurrence of liver metastasis and shorter disease-free survival. TSC2 and PTEN are two key inhibitors of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and the specific inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin or RAD001 inhibited cell proliferation of PET cell lines. Conclusion Our results strongly support a role for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in PET, which ties in with the fact that mTOR inhibitors have reached phase III trials in neuroendocrine tumors. The finding of differential SSTR expression raises the potential for SSTR expression to be evaluated as a marker of response to somatostatin analogs. Finally, we identified FGF13 as a new prognostic marker that predicted poorer outcome in patients who were clinically considered free from disease.
Demeclocycline. Treatment for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Authors: A. De Troyer
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The efficacy of demeclocycline hydrochloride in suppressing the tubular action of tumoral antidiuretic products was tested in seven patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. In all patients, demeclocycline hydrochloride (1,200 mg/day) induced production of hypotonic urine and corrected hyponatremia despite large fluid intakes. Comparison of the response to a standard water load before and during treatment showed a notable improvement in the response to water ingestion. Even though demeclocycline moderately impairs renal function, it appears to be the treatment of choice in the chronic form of the syndrome.
Hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B virus–infected compensated cirrhosis patients with low viral load
Authors: Dong Hyun Sinn, Junggyu Lee, Juna Goo, Kyunga Kim, Geum‐Youn Gwak, Yong‐Han Paik, Moon Seok Choi, Joon Hyeok Lee, Kwang Cheol Koh, Byung Chul Yoo, Seung Woon Paik
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Controversy exists about whether antiviral therapy (AVT) should be recommended for compensated cirrhosis patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and detectable, but low, serum HBV‐DNA levels. A retrospective cohort of 385 treatment‐naïve, HBV‐related compensated cirrhosis patients (mean age: 51.1 ± 9.7 years; 66% male) with low HBV‐DNA levels (&lt;2,000 IU/mL) was assessed for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During a median of 5.6 years of follow‐up, HCC had developed in 37 (9.6%) patients. The 5‐year cumulative HCC incidence rate was 2.2%, 8.0%, and 14.0% for patients with undetectable HBV DNA (&lt;12 IU/mL), low HBV‐DNA levels plus normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and low HBV‐DNA levels plus elevated ALT levels at baseline ( P = 0.011). During follow‐up, 71 patients maintained undetectable HBV‐DNA levels, and 126 experienced HBV‐DNA elevation over 2,000 IU/mL. AVT was initiated in 77 patients. In patients without AVT, the 5‐year cumulative HCC incidence rates were 13.3%, 8.8%, and 1.4% for those who experienced HBV‐DNA elevation, those who maintained detectable, but low, HBV‐DNA levels, and those who maintained undetectable HBV‐DNA levels, respectively. The 5‐year cumulative HCC incidence rate was 5.9% for patients who started AVT; longer AVT duration and longer complete virological response (&lt;12 IU/mL) duration was associated with lower HCC risk. Conclusion: Compensated cirrhosis patients with detectable, but low, viral load were not at low risk for HCC, and AVT was associated with lower HCC risk, suggesting that prompt AVT should be considered for these patients. (H epatology 2015;62:694–701)