tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Intervention to Reduce the Global Health and Economic Burden of Major Depression in Older Adults
Authors: Charles F. Reynolds, Pim Cuijpers, Vikram Patel, Alex Cohen, Amit Dias, Neerja Chowdhary, Olivia I. Okereke, Mary Amanda Dew, Stewart J. Anderson, Sati Mazumdar, Frank Lotrich, Steven M. Albert
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2012)

Randomized trials for selective and indicated prevention of depression in both mixed-aged and older adult samples, conducted in high-income countries (HICs), show that rates of incident depression can be reduced by 20-25% over 1-2 years through the use of psychoeducational and psychological interventions designed to increase protective factors. Recurrence of major depression can also be substantially reduced through both psychological and psychopharmacological strategies. Additional research is needed, however, to address the specific issues of depression prevention in older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The growing number of older adults globally, as well as workforce issues and the expense of interventions, makes it important to develop rational, targeted, and cost-effective risk-reduction strategies. In our opinion, one strategy to address these issues entails the use of lay health counselors (LHCs), a form of task shifting already shown to be effective in the treatment of common mental disorders in LMICs. We suggest in this review that the time is right for research into the translation of depression-prevention strategies for use in LMICs.
Effects of chronic hepatitis C infection on the treatment of breast cancer patients
Authors: P.K.H. Morrow, J.J. Tarrand, S.H. Taylor, S.-W. C. Kau, R.L. Theriault, G.N. Hortobagyi, K.R. Broglio, K.M. Hahn
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Experience with misoprostol therapy for NSAID gastropathy in children.
Authors: M Gazarian, M Berkovitch, G Koren, E D Silverman, R M Laxer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the effect of misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration and on the haemoglobin value, in children. METHODS--Retrospective chart review of children attending the paediatric rheumatology clinic at a tertiary referral hospital over a three year period, who were receiving NSAIDs and were prescribed misoprostol for treatment of GIT symptoms or anaemia. RESULTS--Twenty five children (mean age 12.0 (SD 2.8) (range 7-17) years were prescribed misoprostol (mean dose 308.4 (76.5) micrograms/m2/day; 9.8 (2.5) micrograms/kg/day) while NSAID therapy was continued. Of the 22 (88%) patients with GIT complaints, 18 (82%) had complete resolution of symptoms and two (9%) had some improvement. Four patients (18%) had a recurrence of symptoms after initial resolution while still receiving misoprostol. Misoprostol therapy was associated with a statistically significant increase in haemoglobin concentration (mean value before misoprostol 115 (18) g/l; after misoprostol 126 (15) g/l (p = 0.02)). The only adverse effect reported was self limited diarrhoea in one child. CONCLUSION--Misoprostol appeared to be effective in the treatment of GIT symptoms in children receiving NSAIDs and to result in significant increase in the haemoglobin concentration. Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the role of misoprostol therapy for NSAID associated GIT complaints in the paediatric population.
Visceral Fatness and Insulin Sensitivity in Women With a Previous History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Young Joo Park, Kyong Soo Park, Hong Kyu Lee, Hak C. Jang, Nam H. Cho, Boyd E. Metzger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to investigate the insulin sensitivity and visceral fatness in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), who are prone to develop type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed 1 year postpartum identified 21 GAD− women with previous GDM and impaired glucose tolerance (GDM-IGT). Sixty age- and BMI-matched women with normal glucose tolerance (GDM-NGT) were selected by 1:3 matching to the GDM-IGT group. Another 18 women with normal glucose metabolism during a previous pregnancy and no family history of diabetes were recruited as the normal control group. Age and BMI matching was performed using a range of ±1.0 years and ±1.0 kg/m2, respectively. Total body fat was measured by tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance, and visceral fat was determined using a single cut of a computed tomography scan. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the minimal model technique using the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. RESULTS—One year postpartum, visceral fat was greater in the GDM-IGT group than in the age- and BMI-matched GDM-NGT or normal control groups. The insulin sensitivity index was lower in the GDM-IGT group than in the GDM-NGT or normal control groups. β-Cell function, as measured by the acute insulin response to glucose, was also lower in GDM-IGT. CONCLUSIONS—High body fat content, especially visceral fat content, and a low insulin response to glucose seem to contribute simultaneously to the development of impaired glucose metabolism in Korean women with previous GDM.
Retention of Iron by Infants
Authors: Samuel J. Fomon, Steven E. Nelson, Ekhard E. Ziegler
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2000)

Throughout the world, the most common nutritional deficiency disorder of infants is iron deficiency. Developing effective strategies for preventing iron deficiency requires detailed knowledge of iron retention under ordinary living conditions. For the adult population, such knowledge is at an advanced stage, but relatively little is known about infants. Many reports of iron retention by infants have been based on the assumption that, as in normal and iron-deficient adults, 80%–100% of newly absorbed iron is promptly incorporated into circulating erythrocytes, but this assumption is not supported by available data. This communication presents a review of iron retention by term and preterm infants, as determined by metabolic balance studies or 59 Fe whole-body counting studies, and it explores the relationship between iron retention and postnatal age, iron nutritional status, iron intake (or dose), and type of feeding.
Adenosine metabolism and murine strain-specific IL-4-induced inflammation, emphysema, and fibrosis
Authors: B. Ma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

To define the factors that control the tissue effects of IL-4, we compared the effects of Tg IL-4 in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice. In the former, IL-4 caused modest eosinophilic inflammation and mild airway fibrosis and did not shorten survival. In C57BL/6 mice, IL-4 caused profound eosinophilic inflammation, airway fibrosis, emphysematous alveolar destruction, and premature death. These differences could not be accounted for by changes in Th2 or Th1 cytokines, receptor components, STAT6 activation, MMPs, or cathepsins. In contrast, in C57BL/6 mice, alveolar remodeling was associated with decreased levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 2, -3, and -4 and alpha1-antitrypsin, and fibrosis was associated with increased levels of total and bioactive TGF-beta1. Impressive differences in adenosine metabolism were also appreciated, with increased tissue adenosine levels and A(1), A(2B), and A(3) adenosine receptor expression and decreased adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in C57BL/6 animals. Treatment with ADA also reduced the inflammation, fibrosis, and emphysematous destruction and improved the survival of C57BL/6 Tg animals. These studies demonstrate that genetic influences control IL-4 effector pathways in the murine lung. They also demonstrate that IL-4 has different effects on adenosine metabolism in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice and that these differences contribute to the different responses that IL-4 induces in these inbred animals.
Colony‐stimulating factor therapy and febrile neutropenia induced by chemotherapy: need for economical studies
Authors: T. Urban, B. Lebeau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Febrile neutropenia is the major dose-limiting toxicity of anticancer chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Nadir and duration of neutropenia have been correlated to the risk of developing sepsis [1], increasing healthcare costs and deteriorating quality of life. Despite empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy at the onset of fever and dose reduction of chemotherapy during subsequent cycles, neutropenia-induced mortality remains important, particularly in patients with extensive SCLC. Multivariate analysis has shown that neutrophil recovery is a favourable prognostic factor in febrile neutropenia, independent of the use of antibiotic therapy [2]. The capacities of haematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) to accelerate granular neutrophil recovery, as well as monocyte and eosinophil with granulocyte-macrophage CSFs (GM-CSFs), allows the hope of a reduction of haematological toxicity or an increased chemotherapy dose intensity. Primary prophylactic administration of granulocyte CSFs (G-CSFs), before the onset of neutropenia, reduced incidence of febrile neutropenia, length of hospitalization and antibiotic use subsequent to high-dose chemotherapy in SCLC patients [3, 4], whereas infectious mortality rate, response and survival rates were not improved. However, the cost-effectiveness of primary GCSF administration still remains controversial, with a high cost counterbalancing these benefits. G-CSF therapy combined with antibiotic therapy, in
Relationships Between Retinal Axonal and Neuronal Measures and Global Central Nervous System Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Shiv Saidha, Elias S. Sotirchos, Jiwon Oh, Stephanie B. Syc, Michaela A. Seigo, Navid Shiee, Chistopher Eckstein, Mary K. Durbin, Jonathan D. Oakley, Scott A. Meyer, Teresa C. Frohman, Scott Newsome, John N. Ratchford, Laura J. Balcer, Dzung L. Pham, Ciprian M. Crainiceanu, Elliot M. Frohman, Daniel S. Reich, Peter A. Calabresi
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3>To determine the relationships between conventional and segmentation-derived optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal layer thickness measures with intracranial volume (a surrogate of head size) and brain substructure volumes in multiple sclerosis (MS).<h3>Design</h3>Cross-sectional study.<h3>Setting</h3>Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.<h3>Participants</h3>A total of 84 patients with MS and 24 healthy control subjects.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>High-definition spectral-domain OCT conventional and automated segmentation-derived discrete retinal layer thicknesses and 3-T magnetic resonance imaging brain substructure volumes.<h3>Results</h3>Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer as well as composite ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer thicknesses in the eyes of patients with MS without a history of optic neuritis were associated with cortical gray matter (P = .01 and P = .04, respectively) and caudate (P = .04 and P = .03, respectively) volumes. Inner nuclear layer thickness, also in eyes without a history of optic neuritis, was associated with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesion volume (P = .007) and inversely associated with normal-appearing white matter volume (P = .005) in relapsing-remitting MS. As intracranial volume was found to be related with several of the OCT measures in patients with MS and healthy control subjects and is already known to be associated with brain substructure volumes, all OCT–brain substructure relationships were adjusted for intracranial volume.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Retinal measures reflect global central nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis, with thicknesses of discrete retinal layers each appearing to be associated with distinct central nervous system processes. Moreover, OCT measures appear to correlate with intracranial volume in patients with MS and healthy control subjects, an important unexpected factor unaccounted for in prior studies examining the relationships between peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and brain substructure volumes.
Association of Weekend Admission With Hospital Length of Stay, Time to Chemotherapy, and Risk for Respiratory Failure in Pediatric Patients With Newly Diagnosed Leukemia at Freestanding US Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Elizabeth K. Goodman, Anne F. Reilly, Brian T. Fisher, Julie Fitzgerald, Yimei Li, Alix E. Seif, Yuan-Shung Huang, Rochelle Bagatell, Richard Aplenc
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> In adult patients with leukemia, weekend admission is associated with increased inpatient mortality. It is unknown whether weekend diagnostic admissions in pediatric patients with leukemia demonstrate similar adverse outcomes. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate adverse clinical outcomes associated with weekend admission in the first hospitalization of pediatric patients with newly diagnosed leukemia. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study from 1999 to 2011 featured index hospital admissions identified from the Pediatric Health Information System database. Participants were children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoid leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia. <h3>Exposures</h3> Weekend (Saturday and Sunday) or weekday index admission. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Inpatient mortality, length of inpatient stay, time to chemotherapy, and organ-system failure in index admission. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 10 720 patients with acute lymphoid leukemia and 1323 patients with acute myeloid leukemia were identified; 2009 patients (16.7%) were admitted on the weekend. While the total daily number of patients receiving intensive care unit–level care was constant regardless of the day of admission, these patients represented a larger percentage of total admissions on weekends. In adjusted analyses, patients admitted on the weekend did not have an increased rate of mortality during the first admission (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8-1.6). Patients whose initial admission for leukemia occurred during a weekend had a significantly increased length of stay (1.4-day increase; 95% CI, 0.7-2.1), time to initiation of chemotherapy (0.36-day increase; 95% CI, 0.3-0.5), and risk for respiratory failure (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7) after adjusting for demographics, severity of illness, and hospital-level factors. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> While pediatric patients with newly diagnosed leukemia admitted on weekends do not have higher mortality rates, they have a prolonged length of stay, increased time to chemotherapy, and higher risk for respiratory failure. Patients who are severely ill at presentation represent a higher proportion of weekend index admissions. Optimizing weekend resources by increasing staffing and access to diagnostic and therapeutic resources may help to reduce hospital length of stay across all weekend admissions and may also ensure the availability of comprehensive care for those weekend admissions with higher acuity.
Posterior subcapsular cataracts, bruises and hoarseness in children with asthma receiving long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide
Authors: L Agertoft, FE Larsen, S Pedersen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

We assessed the effect of long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide (BUD) on the occurrence of posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC), bruises and hoarseness in children with asthma. Slit lamp examinations were performed in 157 asthmatic children treated with inhaled BUD at a mean daily dose of 504 microg (range 189-1,322 microg) for 3-6 yrs (mean 4.4 yrs). Measurements were compared with 111 age-matched children with asthma, who had never received treatment of exogenous corticosteroids (control group). The children were examined for bruises, their tendency to bruise and occurrence of voice changes. No incidents of PSC ascribable to BUD treatment were seen. One patient in the BUD group had been diagnosed with PSC before the study and this was still present. There were no statistically significant differences in number of bruises between the two groups (BUD=33, controls=3.2; p=0.70), area covered by bruises (BUD=10 cm2, controls=10.1 cm2; p=0.97), tendency to bruise (BUD=5/10, controls=5/10) or occurrence of hoarseness (BUD=20%, controls=21%; p=0.92). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the occurrence of bruises or tendency to bruise and duration of treatment, accumulated or current dose of BUD. A 3-6 yr treatment of children with inhaled budesonide at an average daily dose of about 500 microg is not associated with an increased occurrence of posterior subcapsular cataract, bruises, tendency to bruise, hoarseness or other noticeable voice changes.
A case of malignant haemangioendothelioma showing response to interleukin 2 therapy
Authors: T. Inadomi, A. Fujioka, H. Suzuki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article A case of malignant haemangioendothelioma showing response to interleukin 2 therapy Get access T. Inadomi, T. Inadomi Departnwnl of Dermatology, Surugadai Hospital, Nihon University, 1‐8‐13. Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokjo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Fujioka, A. Fujioka Departnwnl of Dermatology, Surugadai Hospital, Nihon University, 1‐8‐13. Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokjo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Suzuki H. Suzuki Departnwnl of Dermatology, Surugadai Hospital, Nihon University, 1‐8‐13. Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokjo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 4, 1 October 1992, Pages 442–443, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00467.x Published: 01 October 1992
Will the Making of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Vitro Help Unravel Their Mysteries?
Authors: Jacques Banchereau, Bali Pulendran, Ralph Steinman, Karolina Palucka
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

In this issue, two papers describe the in vitro generation of an intriguing subset of human dendritic cells (DCs), the plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs [([1][1]), ([2][2])]). For nearly 20 years after their discovery ([3][3]), DCs had to be painstakingly isolated from tissues ([4][4]). Progress was rather
A Spliced Isoform of Interleukin 6 mRNA Produced by Renal Cell Carcinoma Encodes for an Interleukin 6 Inhibitor
Authors: Laurent Alberti, Thoma Bachelot, Adeline Duc, Catherine Biota, Jean Yves Blay
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional and pleiotropic cytokine and in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), this cytokine exerts proinflammatory, immunosuppressive and growth stimulating properties. A spliced isoform of IL-6 mRNA has been described in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and encodes for a potential protein lacking IL-6 activity. In the present study, a novel spliced form of IL-6 mRNA was found detectable in RCC cell lines, normal renal cells, but not in other tumor cells. This splicing resulted in a frameshift and the generation of multiple stop codon in the spliced IL-6 mRNA. However, two ATG of the third IL-6 exon were identified as translation initiation sites and two truncated IL-6 (tIL-6) with the expected molecular weight were recovered from transfected cell supernatant. The cDNA of a spliced form of IL-6 mRNA detected in RCC lines was cloned, and expressed in a baculovirus expression vector. The functional properties of the tIL-6 were investigated and this protein blocked IL-6 bioactivity, including mitogenic activity on tumor cells. In conclusion, this spliced form of IL-6 mRNA detected in RCC encodes for a truncated IL-6 with IL-6 antagonist properties.
EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the elderly: A case series from Peru
Authors: Brady E. Beltran, Jorge J. Castillo, Domingo Morales, Fernando Hurtado de Mendoza, Pilar Quinones, Roberto N. Miranda, Aly Gallo, Marco Lopez‐Ilasaca, James N. Butera, Eduardo M. Sotomayor
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly is an entity recently included in the WHO classification of lymphoid tumors. We have reviewed our experience and clinical outcomes of this distinct subtype of DLBCL. Between 2002 and 2009, cases of DLBCL were identified from medical records of the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins in Lima, Peru, and underwent pathological evaluation including immunohistochemistry for CD20, CD10, bcl-6, MUM1/IRF4, and EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization. Clinical data were gathered, tabulated, and reported descriptively. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Out of 199 cases of DLBCL, 28 cases of EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly were identified. The median age was 75 years with male predominance (1.5:1). B-symptoms were present in 43%, advanced stage in 50% and International Prognostic Index (IPI) score > 2 in 57% of patients; 68% of patients had a nongerminal center (NGC) phenotype. The complete response rates to R-CHOP and CHOP were 63% and 33%, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) for the group was 5 months. In the univariate analysis, age ≥70 years, lymphocyte count <1.0 × 10(9) /L, and advanced clinical stage were associated with worse OS in patients treated with chemotherapy with and without rituximab. EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly is a clinically aggressive entity with a short OS and typically presents with advanced stage, high IPI score, and a NGC phenotype. Further studies are needed to investigate if rituximab-containing regimens are associated with better response and OS rates in EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly.
Are non-invasive tests accurate enough to predict hepatic fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?
Authors: N. C Chavez-Tapia, C. Tiribelli
Journal: Gut (2008)

In recent decades several diseases primarily associated with obesity have reached epidemic proportions and many of them such as high blood pressure, hyperlipidaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are already an important social problem. It has been calculated that in 2030 type 2 diabetes mellitus per se will be responsible of 3% of deaths in the world together with ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, which will account for 13 and 11% of all cause of deaths.1 Non-invasive, low-cost, easy to perform and reproducible diagnostic tools have been used in epidemiological studies to allow the screening of large populations. While the assessment of fasting glycaemia, oral glucose tolerance test blood pressure, and serum cholesterol and triglycerides is routine in clinical practice, the use of a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp in every patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is clearly not feasible. Since the diagnostic accuracy, assessed by the value of the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC), of all 19 candidate indexes of insulin resistance to predict incident diabetes varies from 0.75 to 0.8,2 these variables are extensively used both in clinical practice and trials.

A very similar scenario occurs in clinical hepatology. Fatty liver (FL) or hepatic steatosis is a very common finding …