tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of interventricular dispersion of repolarization in acquired torsade-de-pointes arrhythmias: reversal by magnesium
Authors: S Verduyn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

The mechanism of acquired torsade-de-pointes arrhythmias (TdP) is not clear but is suggested to be based on several parameters including early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and/or dispersion of repolarization (delta APD). In our animal model of TdP (anaesthetized dogs with chronic AV block), we assessed the relevance of interventricular dispersion for the initiation of TdP.In 24 experiments, multiple endocardial monophasic action potential (MAP) recordings were made at baseline, after d-sotalol (2 mg/kg), and after MgSO4 (100 mg/kg, n = 11) to measure regional differences in action potential duration (APD). Rate-dependent behavior of the interventricular delta APD (APD of left minus right ventricle) and intraventricular dispersion was studied under the different circumstances.Dogs with induction of TdP by d-sotalol and pacing (11/20 = 55%) had longer cycle lengths of idioventricular rhythm, longer QT-durations, increased presence of EADs (14/22 vs 5/18 MAPs, P < 0.05) and increased interventricular delta APD (135 +/- 55 vs 60 +/- 40 ms. P < 0.05) compared with non-inducible dogs. There were no differences in intraventricular dispersion. MgSO4 diminished delta APD (110 +/- 45 to 55 +/- 60 ms, P < 0.05) and prevented TdP (4/4). In contrast to intraventricular dispersion, interventricular delta APD is clearly bradycardia-dependent.Next to bradycardia, prolonged repolarization, and EADs, we propose that delta APD should be added to the relevant factors for the initiation of TdP. Interventricular dispersion is much larger than intraventricular dispersion and demonstrates a very strong bradycardia dependence.
Malignant melanoma occurring on a 'naevus on naevus'
Authors: B. Guillot, D. Bessis, G. Barneon, S. Monpoint, J.J. Guilhou
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Malignant melanoma occurring on a 'naevus on naevus' Get access B. Guillot, B. Guillot Service du Dermatologie‐Phlebologie. Hôpital Saint Charles, Service d'Anatomo Pathologie, Gui de Chauliac, CHU, 34059 Montpelier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Bessis, D. Bessis Service du Dermatologie‐Phlebologie. Hôpital Saint Charles, Service d'Anatomo Pathologie, Gui de Chauliac, CHU, 34059 Montpelier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Barneon, G. Barneon Service du Dermatologie‐Phlebologie. Hôpital Saint Charles, Service d'Anatomo Pathologie, Gui de Chauliac, CHU, 34059 Montpelier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Monpoint, S. Monpoint Service du Dermatologie‐Phlebologie. Hôpital Saint Charles, Service d'Anatomo Pathologie, Gui de Chauliac, CHU, 34059 Montpelier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J. Guilhou J.J. Guilhou Service du Dermatologie‐Phlebologie. Hôpital Saint Charles, Service d'Anatomo Pathologie, Gui de Chauliac, CHU, 34059 Montpelier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 6, 1 June 1991, Pages 610–611, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb04962.x Published: 01 June 1991
Comparison of the Respiratory Microbiome in Healthy Nonsmokers and Smokers
Authors: Alison Morris, James M. Beck, Patrick D. Schloss, Thomas B. Campbell, Kristina Crothers, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Sonia C. Flores, Andrew P. Fontenot, Elodie Ghedin, Laurence Huang, Kathleen Jablonski, Eric Kleerup, Susan V. Lynch, Erica Sodergren, Homer Twigg, Vincent B. Young, Christine M. Bassis, Arvind Venkataraman, Thomas M. Schmidt, George M. Weinstock
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: Results from 16S rDNA-encoding gene sequence–based, culture-independent techniques have led to conflicting conclusions about the composition of the lower respiratory tract microbiome.Objectives: To compare the microbiome of the upper and lower respiratory tract in healthy HIV-uninfected nonsmokers and smokers in a multicenter cohort.Methods: Participants were nonsmokers and smokers without significant comorbidities. Oral washes and bronchoscopic alveolar lavages were collected in a standardized manner. Sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA-encoding genes was performed, and the neutral model in community ecology was used to identify bacteria that were the most plausible members of a lung microbiome.Measurements and Main Results: Sixty-four participants were enrolled. Most bacteria identified in the lung were also in the mouth, but specific bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, Methylobacterium, and Ralstonia species were disproportionally represented in the lungs compared with values predicted by the neutral model. Tropheryma was also in the lung, but not the mouth. Mouth communities differed between nonsmokers and smokers in species such as Porphyromonas, Neisseria, and Gemella, but lung bacterial populations did not.Conclusions: This study is the largest to examine composition of the lower respiratory tract microbiome in healthy individuals and the first to use the neutral model to compare the lung to the mouth. Specific bacteria appear in significantly higher abundance in the lungs than would be expected if they originated from the mouth, demonstrating that the lung microbiome does not derive entirely from the mouth. The mouth microbiome differs in nonsmokers and smokers, but lung communities were not significantly altered by smoking.
Human autologous mixed lymphocyte reactivity is primarily specific for xenoprotein determinants adsorbed to antigen-presenting cells during rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes.
Authors: C Huber, M Merkenschlager, C Gattringer, I Royston, U Fink, H Braunsteiner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

We present evidence that most T cells proliferating in response to autologous sheep erythrocyte (SRBC)-separated non-T cells (NT) cells are not specific for autoantigens but for antigens derived from xenogeneic sources. The conclusion was based on the following three observations. First, we found that NT cells isolated in the absence of xenoproteins by means of density gradient centrifugation on Percoll only weakly stimulated autologous T cells. Because this weak proliferation could not be expanded in restimulation experiments, its significance as an immune recognitive event remains questionable. NT cells isolated by the above method in the absence of xenogeneic determinants readily acquired stimulatory capacity after brief exposure to either SRBC or fetal calf serum. Second, restimulation of T memory cells generated in 1 degree autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) against SRBC-separated autologous NT cells was exclusively seen when NT cells exposed to or separated with xenoproteins were used for restimulation. Third, T memory cells generated against SRBC-separated autologous NT cells were specifically restimulated by autologous Percoll-separated NT cells that had been pulsed with a variety of xenogeneic mammalian sera. These xenogeneic determinants were preferentially recognized in context with autologous HLA-DR+ cells. From these findings and from our previous results that indicated an absolute requirement of HLA-DR+-adherent NT cells (8), we conclude that human AMLR primarily does not represent an autoantigen but a xenoantigen response that is genetically restricted by the HLA-DR type of the antigen-presenting cell.
HIRUDIN: Clinical Potential of a Thrombin Inhibitor
Authors: Paul H. Johnson, Ph.D
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1994)

▪ Abstract Hirudin is the most potent and specific known inhibitor of thrombin, the enzyme that plays a key regulatory function in hemostasis and blood coagulation. The importance of thrombosis in cardiovascular disease has recently highlighted the limitations of existing antithrombotic drugs and the potential value of direct thrombin inhibition as an effective approach to antithrombotic therapy. Hirudin and a small peptidomimetic analog—hirulog—are being developed as alternatives to heparin for the treatment of unstable angina, for prevention of abrupt closure and restenosis following coronary angioplasty, for prevention of deep vein thrombosis after major orthopedic surgery, and as an adjunct to fibrinolytic therapy. Direct thrombin inhibitors have several potential advantages over heparin: They can inhibit thrombin bound to clots or extracellular matrices, which are relatively resistant to heparin; they do not require antithrombin III as a cofactor, which may lead to a more predictable dose response; and they are not inhibited by activated platelets, which release platelet factor 4 and other molecules that neutralize heparin. The results of early clinical studies suggest that hirudin and hirulog may be more efficacious and more predictable and may have fewer bleeding complications than heparin for several clinical indications.
Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ghassan B. Hamra, Neela Guha, Aaron Cohen, Francine Laden, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Jonathan M. Samet, Paolo Vineis, Francesco Forastiere, Paulo Saldiva, Takashi Yorifuji, Dana Loomis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Particulate matter (PM) in outdoor air pollution was recently designated a Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This determination was based on the evidence regarding the relationship of PM2.5 and PM10 to lung cancer risk; however, the IARC evaluation did not include a quantitative summary of the evidence. Our goal was to provide a systematic review and quantitative summary of the evidence regarding the relationship between PM and lung cancer. We conducted meta-analyses of studies examining the relationship of exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 with lung cancer incidence and mortality. In total, 18 studies met our inclusion criteria and provided the information necessary to estimate the change in lung cancer risk per 10-μg/m3 increase in exposure to PM. We used random-effects analyses to allow between-study variability to contribute to meta-estimates. The meta-relative risk for lung cancer associated with PM2.5 was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.14). The meta-relative risk of lung cancer associated with PM10 was similar, but less precise: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.17). Estimates were robust to restriction to studies that considered potential confounders, as well as subanalyses by exposure assessment method. Analyses by smoking status showed that lung cancer risk associated with PM2.5 was greatest for former smokers [1.44 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.22)], followed by never-smokers [1.18 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.39)], and then current smokers [1.06 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.15)]. In addition, meta-estimates for adenocarcinoma associated with PM2.5 and PM10 were 1.40 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.83) and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.63), respectively. The results of these analyses, and the decision of the IARC Working Group to classify PM and outdoor air pollution as carcinogenic (Group 1), further justify efforts to reduce exposures to air pollutants that can arise from many sources.
Mucosal humoral immune response to hepatitis C virus E1/E2 surface glycoproteins and HCV shedding in saliva and cervicovaginal fluids from chronically HCV-infected patients
Authors: Laurent Bélec, Jérôme Legoff, Ali Si-Mohamed, Francis Bloch, François-Xavier Mbopi Keou, Pierre Becquart, Mathieu Matta, Thierry Prazuck, Jean-Pierre Petite, Laurent Gutmann, Christopher Payan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
The aggregation of human platelets by ascitic fluid: A possible mechanism for disseminated intravascular coagulation complicating LeVeen shunts
Authors: Hatem H. Salem, Jerry Koutts, Chris Handley, Martin B. Van Der Weyden, Frank J. Dudley, Barry G. Firkin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract To identifiy causative factors responsible for the disseminated intravascular coagulation complicating peritoneovenous (LeVeen) shunts, the ascitic fluid from 12 patients with alcoholic liver disease or peritoneal malignancy was examined for its effects on human platelets. In all patients, concentrated ascitic fluid caused irreversible platelet aggregation. Properties of the aggregating factor suggested that it is collagen, and subsequently, the presence of collagen in ascitic fluid was confirmed. This finding, together with the known effects of collagen on platelets and contact clotting factors, would be sufficient to explain the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation following this procedure. Aspirin by inhibiting collagen‐induced aggregation may have a therapeutic role in the management of this problem.
Evaluation of Newer Risk Markers for Coronary Heart Disease Risk Classification
Authors: Maryam Kavousi, Suzette Elias-Smale, Joost H.W. Rutten, Maarten J.G. Leening, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Germaine C. Verwoert, Gabriel P. Krestin, Matthijs Oudkerk, Moniek P.M. de Maat, Frank W.G. Leebeek, Francesco U.S. Mattace-Raso, Jan Lindemans, Albert Hofman, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Aad van der Lugt, Anton H. van den Meiracker, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Whether newer risk markers for coronary heart disease (CHD) improve CHD risk prediction remains unclear. Objective: To assess whether newer risk markers for CHD risk prediction and stratification improve Framingham risk score (FRS) predictions. Design: Prospective population-based study. Setting: The Rotterdam Study, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Participants: 5933 asymptomatic, community-dwelling participants (mean age, 69.1 years [SD, 8.5]). Measurements: Traditional CHD risk factors used in the FRS (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, treatment of hypertension, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, smoking, and diabetes) and newer CHD risk factors (N-terminal fragment of prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide levels, von Willebrand factor antigen levels, fibrinogen levels, chronic kidney disease, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein levels, homocysteine levels, uric acid levels, coronary artery calcium [CAC] scores, carotid intima–media thickness, peripheral arterial disease, and pulse wave velocity). Results: Adding CAC scores to the FRS improved the accuracy of risk predictions (c-statistic increase, 0.05 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.06]; net reclassification index, 19.3% overall [39.3% in those at intermediate risk, by FRS]). Levels of N-terminal fragment of prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide also improved risk predictions but to a lesser extent (c-statistic increase, 0.02 [CI, 0.01 to 0.04]; net reclassification index, 7.6% overall [33.0% in those at intermediate risk, by FRS]). Improvements in predictions with other newer markers were marginal. Limitation: The findings may not be generalizable to younger or nonwhite populations. Conclusion: Among 12 CHD risk markers, improvements in FRS predictions were most statistically and clinically significant with the addition of CAC scores. Further investigation is needed to assess whether risk refinements using CAC scores lead to a meaningful change in clinical outcome. Whether to use CAC score screening as a more routine test for risk prediction requires full consideration of the financial and clinical costs of performing versus not performing the test for both persons and health systems. Primary Funding Source: Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
Monitoring stress and recovery: new insights for the prevention of injuries and illnesses in elite youth soccer players
Authors: Michel S Brink, Chris Visscher, Suzanne Arends, Johannes Zwerver, Wendy J Post, Koen APM Lemmink
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Objective Elite youth soccer players have a relatively high risk for injuries and illnesses due to increased physical and psychosocial stress. The aim of this study is to investigate how measures to monitor stress and recovery, and its analysis, provide useful information for the prevention of injuries and illnesses in elite youth soccer players. Methods 53 elite soccer players between 15 and 18 years of age participated in this study. To determine physical stress, soccer players registered training and match duration and session rating of perceived exertion for two competitive seasons by means of daily training logs. The Dutch version of the Recovery Stress Questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-Sport) was administered monthly to assess the psychosocial stress–recovery state of players. The medical staff collected injury and illness data using the standardised Fédération Internationale de Football Association registration system. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated for injuries and illnesses using multinomial regression analyses. The independent measures were stress and recovery. Results During the study period, 320 injuries and 82 illnesses occurred. Multinomial regression demonstrated that physical stress was related to both injury and illness (range OR 1.01 to 2.59). Psychosocial stress and recovery were related the occurrence of illness (range OR 0.56 to 2.27). Conclusions Injuries are related to physical stress. Physical stress and psychosocial stress and recovery are important in relation to illness. Individual monitoring of stress and recovery may provide useful information to prevent soccer players from injuries and illnesses.
Reactivation and persistence of human herpesvirus-8 infection in B cells and monocytes by Th-1 cytokines increased in Kaposi's sarcoma.
Authors: Paolo Monini, Sandra Colombini, Michael Stürzl, Delia Goletti, Aurelio Cafaro, Cecilia Sgadari, Stefano Buttò, Marina Franco, Patrizia Leone, Stefano Fais, Pasqualina Leone, Gianna Melucci-Vigo, Chiara Chiozzini, Francesca Carlini, Gudrun Ascherl, Emmanuelle Cornali, Christian Zietz, Eric Ramazzotti, Fabrizio Ensoli, Massimo Andreoni, Patrizio Pezzotti, Giovanni Rezza, Robert Yarchoan, Robert C. Gallo, Barbara Ensoli
Journal: Blood (1999)
Altered hepatic transport of immunoglobulin A in mice lacking the J chain.
Authors: B A Hendrickson, D A Conner, D J Ladd, D Kendall, J E Casanova, B Corthesy, E E Max, M R Neutra, C E Seidman, J G Seidman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

We have created J chain knockout mice to define the physiologic role of the J chain in immunoglobulin synthesis and transport. The J chain is covalently associated with pentameric immunoglobulin (Ig) M and dimeric IgA and is also expressed in most IgG-secreting cells. J chain-deficient mice have normal serum IgM and IgG levels but markedly elevated serum IgA. Although polymeric IgA was present in the mutant mice, a larger proportion of their serum IgA was monomeric than was found in wild-type mouse serum. Bile and fecal IgA levels were decreased in J chain-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, suggesting inefficient transport of J chain-deficient IgA by hepatic polymeric immunoglobulin receptors (pIgR). The pIgR-mediated transport of serum-derived IgA from wild-type and mutant mice was assessed in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells transfected with the pIgR. These studies revealed selective transport by pIgR-expressing MDCK cells of wild-type IgA but not J chain-deficient IgA. We conclude that although the J chain is not required for IgA dimerization, it does affect the efficiency of polymerization or have a role in maintaining IgA dimer stability. Furthermore, the J chain is essential for efficient hepatic pIgR transport of IgA.
Inhibition of Intimal Hyperplasia After Balloon Injury by Antibodies to Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Lymphocyte Function–Associated Antigen-1
Authors: Hideo Yasukawa, Tsutomu Imaizumi, Hidehiro Matsuoka, Akihiko Nakashima, Minoru Morimatsu
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Although intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is known to be expressed in balloon-injured arteries, it remains unknown whether ICAM-1 plays a role in the progression of intimal hyperplasia (IH) induced by balloon injury.We examined the ICAM-1 expression in rat carotid arteries at 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days after injury by immunohistochemistry. Medial smooth muscle cells (SMC) expressed ICAM-1 intensely at 1 to 2 days after injury. The regenerating endothelial cells expressed ICAM-1 more than did those of intact carotid arteries. To investigate the effects of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) on IH, we examined the intima/ medial ratio of arteries at 2 weeks after injury in five treatment groups: nonimmune IgG, anti-membrane glycoprotein MAb, anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) MAb, anti-ICAM-1 MAb, and anti-ICAM/LFA-1 MAb. Treatments were administered intravenously into rats for 6 consecutive days after injury. MAb against LFA-1 alone or membrane glycoprotein had no effect on IH. The intima/media ratios in anti-ICAM-1 MAb-treated and anti-ICAM-1/LFA-1 MAb-treated animals were significantly less than those in nonimmune IgG-treated and anti-membrane glycoprotein MAb-treated animals (P < .05).Balloon injury induced or upregulated the ICAM-1 expression on vascular SMC and on regenerating endothelial cells. MAb against ICAM-1 or ICAM-1/LFA-1 attenuated IH. These results suggest that ICAM-1 may play a role in the progression of IH after injury in rats.
The Central Retinal Vein Bypass Study: A Trial of Laser-induced Chorioretinal Venous Anastomosis for Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Ian L. McAllister, Mark E. Gillies, Lynne A. Smithies, Elena Rochtchina, Colin A. Harper, Mark D. Daniell, Ian J. Constable, Paul Mitchell
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Polymyositis, cranial neuropathy, autoimmune hepatitis, and hepatitis C
Authors: I MARIE
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Autoimmune disorders are common in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and may be due to dysfunction of both cell and humoral immunity.1 HCV infection has therefore been associated with essential cryoglobulinaemia, polyarteritis nodosa, leucocytoclastic vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.2 3 Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) have more rarely been reported during the course of HCV infection.3-7 Previous authors have suggested that HCV infection might be responsible for the formation of autoantibodies and circulating autoimmune complexes, leading to PM/DM manifestations.2 3 We observed a new case, which is of particular interest, as the patient with PM and cranial neuropathy developed chronic active autoimmune hepatitis and HCV infection.

A 48 year old woman presented in March 1997 with a five month history of generalised muscle weakness and myalgia associated with dysphagia. She had no previous medical history. Examination showed muscle weakness affecting both arms and legs. Muscle power was gauged for eight proximal muscles (that is, neck flexors, trapezius, deltoid, biceps, psoas, maximus and medius gluteus, and quadriceps) by a modification of the British Medical Research Council grading system, resulting in scores ranging from 0 to 11 (theorical maximum score 88 points). Muscle power of …
Glacier Moraine Formation‐Mimicking Colloidal Particle Assembly in Microchanneled, Bioactive Hydrogel for Guided Vascular Network Construction
Authors: Min Kyung Lee, Max H. Rich, Artem Shkumatov, Jae Hyun Jeong, Marni D. Boppart, Rashid Bashir, Martha U. Gillette, Jonghwi Lee, Hyunjoon Kong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

This study demonstrates that a new method to align microparticles releasing bioactive molecules in microchannels of a hydrogel allows the guiding of growth direction and spacing of vascular networks. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.