tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computed Tomography and Ventral Hernia Recurrence
Authors: Harald L. Aanning
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Patrícia Brasil, José P. Pereira, M. Elisabeth Moreira, Rita M. Ribeiro Nogueira, Luana Damasceno, Mayumi Wakimoto, Renata S. Rabello, Stephanie G. Valderramos, Umme-Aiman Halai, Tania S. Salles, Andrea A. Zin, Dafne Horovitz, Pedro Daltro, Marcia Boechat, Claudia Raja Gabaglia, Patrícia Carvalho de Sequeira, José H. Pilotto, Raquel Medialdea-Carrera, Denise Cotrim da Cunha, Liege M. Abreu de Carvalho, Marcos Pone, André Machado Siqueira, Guilherme A. Calvet, Ana E. Rodrigues Baião, Elizabeth S. Neves, Paulo R. Nassar de Carvalho, Renata H. Hasue, Peter B. Marschik, Christa Einspieler, Carla Janzen, James D. Cherry, Ana M. Bispo de Filippis, Karin Nielsen-Saines
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Zika virus (ZIKV) has been linked to central nervous system malformations in fetuses. To characterize the spectrum of ZIKV disease in pregnant women and infants, we followed patients in Rio de Janeiro to describe clinical manifestations in mothers and repercussions of acute ZIKV infection in infants.
Natural Cytotoxicity of Human Blood Lymphocytes and Monocytes and Their Cytotoxic Factors: Effect of Interferon on Target Cell Susceptibility2
Authors: Atsushi Uchida, Farkas Vánky, Eva Klein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

The effect of interferon (IFN) on target cell susceptibility to human natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes was analyzed in direct cell-mediated and their cytotoxic factor-mediated cytotoxicity assays. Treatment of K562 cells with IFN resulted in a decrease in their sensitivity to lysis by nonadherent lymphocytes and Percoll-purified large granular lymphocytes (LGL) when tested in a 4-hour 51Cr release assay. In contrast, the treatment did not affect the target susceptibility to monocytes purified by adherence to autologous serum-coated plastic surfaces. In the target-binding assay with LGL or monocytes the number of conjugates was not altered after IFN treatment of K562. Lymphocytes and monocytes were induced to release soluble cytotoxic factors, termed "natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF) and monocyte cytotoxic factors (MCF)," respectively, when co-cultured with K562. Both NKCF and MCF lysed K562 in a 48-hour microcytotoxicity assay or in an 18-hour 51Cr release assay in the presence of dactinomycin. IFN-treated K562 reduced or completely lost their ability to stimulate the release of NKCF, whereas they triggered MCF secretion as effectively as did the untreated K562. When lymphocytes or monocytes were pretreated with IFN, they released NKCF or MCF with augmented lytic activity. In contrast to the sensitivity to NK cell-mediated lysis, IFN pretreatment of K562 induced no change in their susceptibility to NKCF and MCF. When IFN was added to NKCF and MCF assays, the cytotoxicity was enhanced. The addition of IFN to K562 that had been pretreated with NKCF or MCF and washed resulted in no increase in lysis. The capacity of K562 to absorb the lytic activity of NKCF and MCF was not altered by IFN. These results indicate that IFN treatment of target cells can be used to distinguish the two distinct types of blood mononuclear cells with natural cytotoxicity, NK cells and monocytes, and that each effector cell type is stimulated to release cytotoxic factors by the different target determinant after the initial effector-target cell binding.
Modulation of Lung Inflammation and Airway Hypereactivity By the Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Agonist Glucopyranosyl Lipid a (GLA) in a Mouse Model of Airway Allergy
Authors: George Qian, Samreen Arshad, Dongling Chen, Xiaying Wu, Keith Graver, Mayra Fernandez, Joanne Schiding, Timothy J. Soos, Christopher Arendt, El-Bdaoui Haddad
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in blacks
Authors: J Yium, P Gabow, A Johnson, W Kimberling, M Martinez-Maldonado
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a frequent cause of ESRD, but its frequency in blacks has not been well delineated and its course and the effects of sickle hemoglobin in this disease in blacks have not been previously reported. The occurrence of ADPKD in blacks and whites was determined in two ESRD populations: all ESRD patients seen over a 16-yr period in one area of Southeast Tennessee and all ESRD patients in 15 hemodialysis units in Tennessee and Atlanta, GA. The frequency of sickle hemoglobin was determined and compared in a group of nonrelated blacks with ESRD with and without ADPKD. The age at onset of ESRD and factors that might affect ADPKD such as gender, hypertension, and hemoglobin type were examined. ADPKD was a less frequent cause of ESRD in blacks than whites (1.4 versus 6.8%). However, after adjusting for the population rate, the incidence rates in blacks and whites were similar (0.48 and 0.47 of 100,000). There was a higher incidence of sickle hemoglobin in nonrelated blacks with ADPKD versus other black ESRD patients (50 versus 7.5%; P < 0.005). Blacks had an earlier onset of ESRD than whites (43.2 versus 55.4 yr; P < 0.0001), as did blacks with sickle-cell trait versus blacks without (38.2 versus 48.1 yr; P < 0.003). In this population, hypertension and gender had no effect on the onset of ESRD. ADPKD accounted for a smaller percentage of blacks than whites with ESRD because of the high percentage of blacks with renal disease from other causes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The surname I do not have
Authors: None Radhika
Journal: BMJ (2002)

I come from the south of India—Chennai in Tamil Nadu—and am currently working as a senior house officer in the NHS. I am writing this article to address the problem of surnames facing several Tamil doctors abroad. My name (one and only name) is Radhika. Until I got married, I was called M Radhika. The initial usually denotes the first letter of your father's name or …
Maternal body mass index, neonatal lung function and respiratory symptoms in childhood
Authors: Jacobien B. Eising, Cuno S.P.M. Uiterwaal, Cornelis K. van der Ent
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Recent studies have shown that maternal obesity is associated with increased risk of wheezing in the offspring. We assessed whether impaired neonatal lung function could explain this association. We measured neonatal lung function in 2606 children of our prospective birth cohort. Information about daily symptoms of wheezing was obtained using questionnaires. Consultations and prescriptions for wheezing illnesses were derived from general practitioner patient files. Higher maternal body mass index (BMI) was associated with increased risk of wheezing in the first year of life and more consultations and prescriptions for wheezing illnesses until the age of 5 years. Lung function could partially explain the association with wheezing in the first year of life. Adding respiratory resistance to the model decreased the incidence rate ratio from 1.023 (95% CI 1.008–1.039) to 1.015 (95% CI 0.998–1.032). Anthropometrics of the 5-year-olds largely explained the association with consultations. Intermediates or confounders could not explain the association with prescriptions. There is an association between higher maternal BMI and increased risk of wheezing illnesses. In the first year of life, it is largely explained by an impaired lung function in early life, especially in children of nonatopic mothers. At the age of 5 years, infant lung function is of minor influence in this association.
Chromosome Constitution of Two Tumors of the Golden Hamster&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Takaaki Ishihara, George E. Moore, Avery A. Sandberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

The normal chromosome constitution of golden (Syrian) hamster cells grown in vitro was established. The cells were characterized by a sharp mode of 44 chromosomes. Karyotypic analysis revealed that the X chromosome was the largest unit in the set and the Y chromosome was a middle-sized submetacentric chromosome. The autosomes were divided into six morphologically distinct groups (A-F). Cells from two hamster tumors were grown in vitro and in vivo and their chromosome constitution determined. Amelanotic melanoma cells grown in vitro had a mode of 60 to 61 chromosomes, 5 marker chromosomes, a diversity of distribution of chromosomes in the marker and other groups (except for group E), and a high incidence of polyploidy accompanied by bizarre and structurally changed chromosomes. The mode and the marker chromosomes underwent changes when the cell was grown in vivo. In contrast, hamster pituitary-carcinoma cells showed more stability, both in vitro and in vivo, of the chromosome constitution than that exhibited by the melanoma. The pituitary-carcinoma cells had a mode of 65 chromosomes, only 2 markers (retained in vivo), a low incidence of polyploidy, and few structurally changed chromosomes.
NOCTURNAL ENURESIS IN CHILDREN.
Authors: Anne Weaver, Penny Dobson
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Heat urticaria: a revision of published cases with an update on classification and management
Authors: E. Pezzolo, A. Peroni, P. Gisondi, G. Girolomoni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Heat urticaria (HU) is a rare type of physical inducible urticaria, characterized by itchy erythema and well‐demarcated weals appearing soon after heat exposure. Most cases occur in female patients aged 20–45 years. Both localized and generalized forms exist, depending on the limitation of the reaction to the skin area directly exposed to the physical stimulus or the involvement of distant sites, respectively. In most cases, HU is an immediate reaction, but delayed forms (mostly familial) have been described. HU is a long‐lasting disease with overall duration at diagnosis of approximately 2 years. In about half of cases it is associated with systemic symptoms such as weakness, wheezing, headache, flushing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, tachycardia, even dyspnoea or syncope. The main differential diagnosis includes cholinergic urticaria, exercise‐induced anaphylaxis and solar urticaria. The diagnosis of HU is established by provocation testing, which is also helpful to evaluate the critical temperature threshold. The mean threshold temperature is about 44 °C. A heat desensitization programme can be an effective treatment. Nonsedating H1 antihistamines administered at licensed doses are the mainstay of symptomatic therapy in nearly 60% of patients, but full symptom relief is achieved in only a minority of them. Omalizumab has proven effective in recent case reports.
Trends in private insurance coverage for mental illness
Authors: J Brady, S S Sharfstein, I L Muszynski
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors analyzed data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Level of Benefits Surveys for the period 1979-1984 to examine coverage for psychiatric disorders in the private sector. While the overall number of employees with psychiatric benefits has increased, a greater percentage have more restrictions on those benefits. The extent of coverage is wide ranging, but there is little depth and the majority of psychiatric care expenses are not insured. Although the figures do not suggest a dramatic cutback in insurance coverage, the trends toward increased reductions in benefits for all health care threaten the more vulnerable psychiatric benefits.
SERIES “THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE” #1: Epidemiology and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: K. R. Chapman, David M. Mannino, J. B. Soriano, P. A. Vermeire, A. S. Buist, M. J. Thun, C. Connell, A. Jernal, T. A. Lee, M. Miravitlles, S. Aldington, R. Beasley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)
Structure and Function of the Kidney in Septic Shock. A Prospective Controlled Experimental Study
Authors: Matthew J. Maiden, Sophia Otto, John K. Brealey, Mark E. Finnis, Marianne J. Chapman, Tim R. Kuchel, Coralie H. Nash, Jason Edwards, Rinaldo Bellomo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

It is unclear how septic shock causes acute kidney injury (AKI) and whether this is associated with histological change.We aimed to determine the nature and extent of changes in renal structure and function over time in an ovine model of septic shock.Fifteen sheep were instrumented with a renal artery flow probe and renal vein cannula. Ten were given intravenous Escherichia coli to induce septic shock, and five acted as controls. Animals were mechanically ventilated for 48 hours, while receiving protocol-guided parenteral fluids and a norepinephrine infusion to maintain mean arterial pressure. Renal biopsies were taken every 24 hours or whenever animals were oliguric for 2 hours. A renal pathologist, blinded to tissue source, systematically quantified histological appearance by light and electron microscopy for 31 prespecified structural changes.Sheep given E. coli developed septic shock, oliguria, increased serum creatinine, and reduced creatinine clearance (AKI), but there were no changes over time in renal blood flow between groups (P > 0.30) or over time within groups (P > 0.50). Renal oxygen consumption increased only in nonseptic animals (P = 0.01), but there was no between-group difference in renal lactate flux (P > 0.50). There was little structural disturbance in all biopsies and, although some cellular appearances changed over time, the only difference between septic and nonseptic animals was mesangial expansion on electron microscopy.In an intensive care-supported model of gram-negative septic shock, early AKI was not associated with changes in renal blood flow, oxygen delivery, or histological appearance. Other mechanisms must contribute to septic AKI.
Abstract 18975: Increased Arterial Blood Pressure and Vascular Fibrosis/remodeling in Mice Lacking Salt-inducible Kinase 1 (sik1)
Authors: Laura Brion, Nuno Pires, Bruno Igreja, Maria Joço Pinho, Dick Wågsäter, Johannes Wikström, Margareta Behrendt, Anders Hamsten, Per Eriksson, Patricio Soares-da-Silva, Alejandro M. Bertorello
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Arterial fibrosis is one of the main underlying causes of vascular stiffness and is increasingly recognized as an important prognostic factor in the development of high blood pressure (BP), yet its physiophatology is not fully known. Therefore, elucidating the precise mechanism leading to arterial fibrosis will help improving current anti-hypertensive therapies. We previously described in human genetic studies a single nucleotide polymorphism within the salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) gene, affecting the activity of the protein, which is associated with hypertension (lower SIK1 activity is associated with higher BP). Also, lower SIK1 expression induces the expression of transcription factors commonly involved in fibrosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that SIK1 can regulate BP by reducing vascular fibrosis and hence vascular stiffness. To test this, BP and aortic wall structure/composition was evaluated in sik1 -/- and sik1 +/+ mice challenged with a chronic high salt (HS) or normal salt diet (NS). The results showed that the s ik1 -/- mice challenged with HS developed high BP and presented signs of cardiac hypertrophy (increased left ventricle wall thickness and enhanced expression of hypertrophic genes) when compared to their counterparts on NS. On the contrary, BP and cardiac parameters remained unaffected in the sik1 +/+ mice under HS when compared to NS fed mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed increased intima/media thickness and collagen deposition in the aorta of the sik1 -/- vs. sik1 +/+ mice under NS and before becoming hypertensive. Also, qPCR analysis of the aorta of the sik1 -/- mice showed increased expression of other extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as fibronectin and laminin-β1. In addition, the transient knock-down of the SIK1 gene in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) cultures using siRNAs showed a similar increase in the expression of collagen as well as other ECM genes. The present study shows that SIK1 activity is necessary to prevent the development of hypertension, possibly through an anti-fibrotic mechanism regulating vascular wall structure and function. Therefore, SIK1 could become a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension and other vascular fibrosis-associated diseases.
Abstract 9932: Chronic Urotensin II Receptor Blockade Causes Regression of Heart Failure: Beneficial Effects on Neurohormonal Activation, Cardiomyocyte Contractile Function [Ca2+]i Regulation and Beta-Adrenergic Modulation
Authors: Che Ping Cheng, Peng Zhou, Heng-Jie Cheng, Qun Shao, David C Sane, William C Little
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background. Heart failure (HF) is associated with increased levels of urotensin-II (UII) and upregulation of UII-mediated cardiac inhibitory pathway. This suggests that cardiac UII activation contr...
Publishing information about patients
Authors: J. Vollmann, H. Helmchen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Monitoring hospital mortality rates is widely recommended. However, the number of preventable deaths remains uncertain with estimates in England ranging from 840 to 40 000 per year, these being derived from studies that identified adverse events but not whether events contributed to death or shortened life expectancy of those affected. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective case record reviews of 1000 adults who died in 2009 in 10 acute hospitals in England were undertaken. Trained physician reviewers estimated life expectancy on admission, to identified problems in care contributing to death and judged if deaths were preventable taking into account patients9 overall condition at that time. <h3>Results</h3> Reviewers judged 5.2% (95% CI 3.8% to 6.6%) of deaths as having a 50% or greater chance of being preventable. The principal problems associated with preventable deaths were poor clinical monitoring (31.3%; 95% CI 23.9 to 39.7), diagnostic errors (29.7%; 95% CI 22.5% to 38.1%), and inadequate drug or fluid management (21.1%; 95% CI 14.9 to 29.0). Extrapolating from these figures suggests there would have been 11 859 (95% CI 8712 to 14 983) adult preventable deaths in hospitals in England. Most preventable deaths (60%) occurred in elderly, frail patients with multiple comorbidities judged to have had less than 1 year of life left to live. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The incidence of preventable hospital deaths is much lower than previous estimates. The burden of harm from preventable problems in care is still substantial. A focus on deaths may not be the most efficient approach to identify opportunities for improvement given the low proportion of deaths due to problems with healthcare.
Coerced coordination, not cooperation
Authors: Montserrat Soler, Hillary L Lenfesty
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract Norenzayan et al. propose that Big God (BG) religions are large-group cooperative enterprises that promote internal harmony and higher fertility, resulting in “mutually beneficial exchanges” for those involved. We examine the possible distributions of costs and benefits within BG religions and propose that they are, instead, successful coordinating mechanisms that rely on intragroup competition and exploitation between the classes and sexes.
A prospective, open-label, randomized phase II trial of weekly docetaxel versus weekly vinorelbine as first-line chemotherapy in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer
Authors: S. Tomek, K. Elandt, P. Horak, W. Albrecht, M. Eisenmenger, W. Höltl, P. Schramek, W. Stackl, C. Zielinski, M. Krainer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4678 Background: In previous phase I-III studies, docetaxel and vinorelbine have shown promising activity in androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). The aim of the present trial was to assess efficacy and tolerability of single agent low-dose docetaxel versus vinorelbine in advanced AIPC patients. Methods: Forty chemotherapy-naive patients with histologically proven AIPC, a WHO performance status of ≤2, adequate androgen ablation (serum testosterone ≤ 50 ng/dl), clinical and/or biochemical (PSA) progression, and no antiandrogens within 4 weeks were randomly assigned to receive either docetaxel 25 mg/m2, weekly without cortisone-premedication (arm A) or vinorelbine 25mg/m2 (arm B) within a prospective, open-label, randomized phase II trial. Primary endpoint was time to disease progression (TTP); secondary endpoints included response rates in sequential treatment, toxicity and quality of life. Results: Patients in arm A demonstrated a superior response rate (67%; CR 7%, PR 60%) compared to arm B (18%; p=0.0244; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U). The current interims analysis showed a doubled risk for progression in treatment arm B (Hazard ratio 2.05) and the number of patients who have switched therapy arm due to progression was significantly different between treatment arm B and treatment arm A (12 patients vs. 4 patients; p=0.0076). TTP was presently not evaluated since a considerable number of patients in treatment arm A is still without progression at the time of analysis. Toxicity: Clinically significant toxicity occurred significantly more often in Arm B with neutropenia grade 4 seen in 10% and grade 3 in 20% of patients (p<0.001, Mann Whitney Statistic 0.8359). However, non-hematologic toxicity including nail changes and eye problems occurred frequently in Arm A in later cycles. Conclusions: While the weekly application of both cytotoxic agents was well tolerated, this randomized phase II study demonstrates the superior efficacy of docetaxel versus vinorelbine as monotherapy in the primary treatment of advanced AIPC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.