tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumour necrosis factor receptor-75 and risk of COPD exacerbation in the azithromycin trial
Authors: Prescott G. Woodruff, Wissam Chatila, John E. Connett, Gerard J. Criner, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Mark T. Dransfield, MeiLan K. Han, Stephen C. Lazarus, Nathaniel Marchetti, Thomas J. Rogers, Paul D. Scanlon, Don D. Sin, Helen Voelker, Christine Wendt, Richard K. Albert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

We recently found that azithromycin taken daily for 1 year reduced the frequency of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPDs) in subjects who were selected as having an increased risk of exacerbations [1]. Since azithromycin has potentially adverse effects, identifying patients most likely to benefit might be useful for targeting therapy. Accordingly, we included a substudy in our trial that was prospectively designed to determine whether plasma levels at entry, or a change in levels at 3 months of any of four blood biomarkers, were associated with improved clinical response to azithromycin as compared to placebo. We chose to study biomarkers of inflammatory pathways likely to be relevant to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 75 (sTNFR75).

The parent trial comprised 1142 subjects with COPD randomised to receive azithromycin (250 mg orally each day) or placebo (1:1) for 12 months (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00325897) [1]. To enrich our population for subjects more likely to have an AECOPDs, we required that subjects used either systemic corticosteroids, visited an emergency room or were hospitalised for AECOPD in the preceding 12 months or were using continuous supplemental oxygen [2]. We required subjects to be free of AECOPDs or other acute illness for ≥4 weeks prior to enrolment and excluded subjects with known congestive heart failure (CHF) and those with clinically defined bronchiectasis. The primary outcome was time to first AECOPD defined as “a complex of respiratory symptoms (increased or new onset) of more than one of the following: cough, sputum, wheezing, dyspnoea, or chest tightness with a duration of at least 3 days requiring treatment with antibiotics or systemic steroids” [2]. We monitored participants for AECOPDs at follow-up clinic visits …
SUPPRESSION OR AUGMENTATION OF THE ANTIHAPTEN RESPONSE IN MICE BY ANTIBODIES OF DIFFERENT SPECIFICITIES
Authors: G. Haughton, O. Mäkelä
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

We have measured the production by (C57 x CBA)F(1) mice of hapten-binding antibody in response to a standard dose of 50 microg of alum-precipitated NIP(12)-CG and the influence on this response of the prior administration of hyperimmune antisera raised against the homologous conjugate, the carrier globulin alone, the hapten conjugated to a non-cross-reactive carrier (NIP(4)-OA), or a related hapten (NP) coupled to CG. The homologous antiserum was strongly immunosuppressive; a dose capable of binding about 1% of the administered hapten caused significant suppression. High doses of anticarrier serum caused significant but modest suppression (about 50%); low doses had no effect. High doses of the serum prepared against NIP(4)-OA suppressed the 19 day response by more than 97%, while 100-1,000 times lower doses caused the response to be elevated to about double the control level. The antibodies responsible for immunosuppression could be removed from this serum, as could the NIP-binding antibodies, by absorption with NIP coupled through ethylenediamine to insoluble Sepharose. The ability of this serum to augment the response was not reduced by such absorption. Augmenting antibodies could be removed by absorption with HOP-BSA-Sepharose. Thus, immunosuppression and augmentation are functions of two different populations of antibody. The former are specific hapten-binding antibodies, the latter seem to be directed against new antigenic determinants created by coupling any of the family of haptens through lysine to protein carriers. In support of this contention, it was observed that rabbit antiserum to NP-CG, after absorption with CG-Sepharose, augmented the response of mice to standard immunization with NIP(12)-CG. Female mice produced significantly more NIP-binding antibody than did males.
Parental smoking in childhood and adult obstructive lung disease: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey
Authors: C Svanes
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Early exposure to parental smoking appears to influence the development of the airways and predispose to respiratory symptoms. A study was undertaken to determine whether the consequences of parental smoking could be traced in adulthood.Information from interviewer-led questionnaires was available for 18 922 subjects aged 20-44 years from random population samples in 37 areas participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Lung function data were available for 15,901 subjects.In men, father's smoking in childhood was associated with more respiratory symptoms (ORwheeze 1.13 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.28); never smokers: ORwheeze 1.21 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.50)) and there was a dose-dependent association between number of parents smoking and wheeze (one: OR 1.08 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.24); both: OR 1.24 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.47); ptrend = 0.010). A reduced ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) was related to father's smoking (-0.3% (95% CI -0.6 to 0)) and number of parents smoking (ptrend <0.001) among men. In women, mother's smoking was associated with more respiratory symptoms and poorer lung function (ORwheeze 1.15 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.31), never smokers: ORwheeze 1.21 (95% CI 0.98-1.51); FEV1 -24 ml (95% CI -45 to -3); FEV1/FVC ratio -0.6% (95% CI -0.9 to -0.3)). These effects were possibly accounted for by maternal smoking in pregnancy (ORwheeze 1.39 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.65); FEV1 -23 ml (95% CI -52 to 7); FEV1/FVC ratio -0.9% (95% CI -1.3 to -0.4)) as there was no association with paternal smoking among women (interaction by sex, p<0.05). These results were homogeneous across centres.Both intrauterine and environmental exposure to parental tobacco smoking was related to more respiratory symptoms and poorer lung function in adulthood in this multicultural study. The age window of particular vulnerability appeared to differ by sex, postnatal exposure being important only in men and a role for prenatal exposure being more evident in women.
The Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Local Allergic Rhinitis in Thai Children
Authors: Pichittra Buntarickpornpan, Jittima Veskitkul, Punchama Pacharn, Nualanong Visitsunthorn, Pakit Vichyanond, Pongsakorn Tantilipikorn, Orathai Jirapongsananuruk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Latent pulmonary involvement in Crohn's disease: biological, functional, bronchoalveolar lavage and scintigraphic studies.
Authors: P Bonniere, B Wallaert, A Cortot, X Marchandise, Y Riou, A B Tonnel, J F Colombel, C Voisin, J C Paris
Journal: Gut (1986)

We have investigated the following pulmonary related parameters in 22 patients with Crohn9s disease who were free of clinical pulmonary symptoms and had normal chest roentgenograms and in 25 controls: serum angiotensin converting enzyme, pulmonary function tests, bronchoalveolar lavage (lymphocyte count and subpopulations, macrophage viability and superoxide anion release by macrophages) and pulmonary scannings. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme was lower in Crohn9s disease (14.1 +/- 5.1) than in controls (25.2 +/- 4.7) (p less than 0.001). Twelve of 22 Crohn9s disease (54%) had a bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis (greater than 18% alveolar lymphocytes). Bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes subpopulations were quite variable. Twelve of 17 Crohn9s disease (71%) had an increase spontaneous and/or stimulated superoxide anion production by alveolar macrophages. Six of 12 Crohn9s disease (50%) had an increase physiologic dead space in the upper part of their lung against one of 11 controls (9%). These data suggest that most patients with Crohn9s disease have a latent pulmonary involvement.
The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Hannah C. Kinney, Bradley T. Thach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Recent years have seen major advances in our understanding of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), including the discovery that the prone sleep position more than triples the risk of SIDS. This finding has led to a worldwide campaign advocating the supine sleep position for infants, which has been associated with a decrease of 50 to 90% in the SIDS rate. This review considers demographic and pathophysiological factors and current concepts about SIDS.
Effects of Anemia and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Daniel E Weiner, Hocine Tighiouart, Panagiotis T Vlagopoulos, John L Griffith, Deeb N Salem, Andrew S Levey, Mark J Sarnak
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and anemia are highly prevalent in moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because anemia may potentiate the adverse effects of LVH on cardiovascular outcomes, the effect of both anemia and LVH on outcomes in CKD was examined. Data from four community-based longitudinal studies were pooled: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Framingham Heart Study, and Framingham Offspring Study. Serum creatinine levels were calibrated indirectly across studies, and GFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. CKD was defined as GFR between 15 and 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. LVH was based on electrocardiogram criteria. Anemia was defined as hematocrit &lt;36% in women and 39% in men. The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death; a secondary cardiac outcome included only myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease. Among 2423 patients with CKD, 96% had electrocardiogram and anemia data. Median follow-up was 102 mo. In adjusted analysis, LVH was associated with increased risk for composite and cardiac outcomes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.67 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.34 to 2.07] and 1.62 [95% CI, 1.18 to 2.24], respectively), whereas anemia was associated with increased risk for the only composite outcome (HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.27 to 1.81]). The combination of anemia and LVH was associated with an increased risk for both study outcomes compared with individuals with neither risk factor (HR, 4.15 [95% CI, 2.62 to 6.56] and 3.92 [95% CI, 2.05 to 7.48]; P = 0.02 and 0.01 for interaction term, respectively). The combination of anemia and LVH in CKD identifies a high-risk population.
Ki67 levels as predictive and prognostic parameters in pretherapeutic breast cancer core biopsies: a translational investigation in the neoadjuvant GeparTrio trial
Authors: C. Denkert, S. Loibl, B.M. Müller, H. Eidtmann, W.D. Schmitt, W. Eiermann, B. Gerber, H. Tesch, J. Hilfrich, J. Huober, T. Fehm, J. Barinoff, C. Jackisch, J. Prinzler, T. Rüdiger, E. Erbstößer, J.U. Blohmer, J. Budczies, K.M. Mehta, G. von Minckwitz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Dynamic Regulation of Sodium/Calcium Exchange Function in Human Heart Failure
Authors: Christopher R. Weber, Valentino Piacentino, Steven R. Houser, Donald M. Bers
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Sarcolemmal Na/Ca exchange (NCX) regulates cardiac Ca and contractility. NCX function during the cardiac cycle is determined by intracellular [Ca] and [Na] ([Ca]i, and [Na]i) and membrane potential (Em), which all change in human heart failure (HF). Therefore, changes in NCX function may contribute to abnormal Ca regulation in human HF.We assessed the cellular bases of differences in NCX function in ventricular myocytes from failing (F) and nonfailing (NF) human hearts. Allosteric activation of NCX by [Ca]i was comparable in F and NF myocytes (K1/2=150+/-31 nmol/L, n=7). The steady-state relation between [Ca]i and NCX current (INCX) was used to infer the local submembrane [Ca]i ([Ca]sm) that is sensed by NCX dynamically during the action potential (AP) and Ca transient (37 degrees C). This involved "tail" INCX measurement during abrupt repolarization of APs and Ca transients, where peak inward INCX indicates [Ca]sm. This allows inference of the direction of Ca transport by the NCX during the AP. In NF myocytes, NCX extrudes Ca for most of the AP. Three factors shift the direction of NCX-mediated Ca transport (to favor more Ca influx) in F versus NF myocytes, as follows: (1) reduced [Ca]sm, (2) prolonged AP duration, and (3) elevated [Na]i.These results show that Ca entry through NCX may limit systolic dysfunction due to reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca stores in HF but could contribute to slow decay of the [Ca]i transient and to diastolic dysfunction.
Smokeless tobacco use, birth weight, and gestational age: population based, prospective cohort study of 1217 women in Mumbai, India
Authors: Prakash C Gupta, S Sreevidya
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To study the effect of using smokeless tobacco during pregnancy on babies9 birth weight and gestational age at birth. <b>Design</b> Population based, prospective cohort study using a house to house approach. <b>Setting</b> Eight primary health post areas in the city of Mumbai (Bombay), India. <b>Participants</b> 1217 women who were three to seven months pregnant and planning to deliver in the study area. 1167 women (96%) were followed up. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Birth weight and gestational age in singleton births. <b>Results</b> Smokeless tobacco use was associated with an average reduction of 105 g in birth weight (95% confidence interval 30 g to 181 g) and a reduction in gestational age of 6.2 (3.0 to 9.4) days. The odds ratio for low birth weight was 1.6 (1.1 to 2.4), adjusted by logistic regression for maternal age, education, socioeconomic status, weight, anaemia, antenatal care, and gestational age. The adjusted odds ratio for preterm delivery (&lt; 37 weeks) was 1.4 (1.0 to 2.1); for delivery before 32 weeks it was 4.9 (2.1 to 11.8) and before 28 weeks it was 8.0 (2.6 to 27.2). <b>Conclusions</b> Consumption of smokeless tobacco during pregnancy decreases gestational age at birth and birth weight independent of gestational age. It should receive specific attention as a part of routine prenatal care.
Packages of Care for Depression in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Vikram Patel, Gregory Simon, Neerja Chowdhary, Sylvia Kaaya, Ricardo Araya
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

This is the first in a series of articles highlighting the delivery of ''packages of care'' for mental health disorders in low-and middleincome countries.Packages of care are combinations of treatments aimed at improving the recognition and management of conditions to achieve optimal outcomes.
Outcomes framework needs to be modified to reduce health inequalities
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Work needs to be done on the financial scheme that rewards GPs for their achievements to ensure it helps reduce health inequalities, MPs have been told.

Clinicians and research experts giving evidence in the latest session of the parliamentary health select committee’s inquiry into health inequalities said these could be reduced by a refocusing of priorities.

The MPs asked the witnesses what they would add to or subtract from the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF)—the performance-related scheme that pays practices for meeting targets—to help reduce health inequalities.

Professor Martin Roland, director of the National Primary Care Research and Development Centre, said: …
Mycobacterial Culture in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: JOSÉ A. GIRÓN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Mycobacterial Culture in Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeJOSÉ A. GIRÓN, M.D., LAURA J. MANDEL, M.D., CHRISTINE WOLLSCHLAGER, M.D., RAJINDER CHITKARA, M.D., PASCAL DECAPRARIIS, M.D., MAHESWAR R. MEDARAMETLA, M.D., PHYLLIS DELLALATTA, PH.D., JOSEPH G. GUARNERI, PH.D.JOSÉ A. GIRÓN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LAURA J. MANDEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CHRISTINE WOLLSCHLAGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RAJINDER CHITKARA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PASCAL DECAPRARIIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MAHESWAR R. MEDARAMETLA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PHYLLIS DELLALATTA, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH G. GUARNERI, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1028_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Since July 1980 we have seen four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who developed disseminatedMycobacterium avium intracellulareinfection during their illness. A full report of these cases and other patients with the syndrome is in preparation. We have been impressed by the difficulty encountered in establishing a diagnosis of their infection. Multiple specimens were sampled for mycobacteria with many negative results. Negative acid-fast smears of liver biopsies were found in three of four patients, in bone marrow biopsies in one of three patients, and in lung biopsies in all four patients. In addition, only two of...Reference1. GREENESIDHULEWINLEVINEMASURSIMBERKOFF JGSJHM. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare: a cause of disseminated life-threatening infection in homosexuals and drug abusers. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:539-46. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOSÉ A. GIRÓN, M.D.; LAURA J. MANDEL, M.D.; CHRISTINE WOLLSCHLAGER, M.D.; RAJINDER CHITKARA, M.D.; PASCAL DECAPRARIIS, M.D.; MAHESWAR R. MEDARAMETLA, M.D.; PHYLLIS DELLALATTA, PH.D.; JOSEPH G. GUARNERI, PH.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection and Possibly Venereal TransmissionPASCAL J. DE CAPRARIIS, M.D., JOSÉ A. GIRÓN, M.D., JUDITH A. GOLDSTEIN, M.D., VINCENT J. LABOMBARDI, Ph.D., JOSEPH J. GUARNERI, Ph.D., HILDA LAUFER, M.D.Mycobacterium xenopi and the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeFLOR T. TECSON-TUMANG, M.D., JEAN LESLY BRIGHT, M.D. 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1028-1029KeywordsAIDSBiopsyBone marrowLiverLungsMycobacteria ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Melanoma incidence and mortality in Europe: new estimates, persistent disparities
Authors: A.M. Forsea, V. del Marmol, E. de Vries, E.E. Bailey, A.C. Geller
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Melanoma incidence and mortality in Europe are high but there are significant gaps in the epidemiological information available across the continent.With the aim of enhancing the planning of educational programmes for reducing the melanoma burden in Europe, we analysed the most recent incidence and mortality data for Europe with a new focus on the regional disparities of melanoma reporting.GLOBOCAN 2008, the standard set of worldwide estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer for 2008, was used to provide the estimated age-standardized rates (world standard population) of melanoma incidence and mortality in European countries and regions.The estimated age-standardized incidence of melanoma (measured per 100 000 person-years) varies widely from 19·2 in Switzerland to 2·2 in Greece. The incidence rate of 4·3 of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is less than half of that of Western Europe. Melanoma mortality rates of 1·5 are similar in CEE and Western Europe, although rates vary with a high of 3·2 in Norway and a low of 0·9 in Greece. Over 20 000 deaths from melanoma were estimated in Europe in 2008, with CEE having the largest share (35·5%) among the four geographical European regions. Population-based data are lacking for significant parts of CEE, which must rely on estimates.The most recent estimates of melanoma incidence and mortality in Europe reveal sharp differences between European countries, possibly related to missed opportunities for early diagnosis and incomplete reporting of melanoma in Eastern Europe.
Genetic Deletions in Sputum as Diagnostic Markers for Early Detection of Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ruiyun Li, Nevins W. Todd, Qi Qiu, Tao Fan, Richard Y. Zhao, William H. Rodgers, Hong-Bin Fang, Ruth L. Katz, Sanford A. Stass, Feng Jiang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Analysis of molecular genetic markers in biological fluids has been proposed as a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis. We have characterized in detail the genetic signatures in primary non–small cell lung cancer, which provided potential diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether the genetic changes can be used as markers in sputum specimen for the early detection of lung cancer. Experimental Design: Genetic aberrations in the genes HYAL2, FHIT, and SFTPC were evaluated in paired tumors and sputum samples from 38 patients with stage I non–small cell lung cancer and in sputum samples from 36 cancer-free smokers and 28 healthy nonsmokers by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results: HYAL2 and FHIT were deleted in 84% and 79% tumors and in 45% and 40% paired sputum, respectively. SFTPC was deleted exclusively in tumor tissues (71%). There was concordance of HYAL2 or FHIT deletions in matched sputum and tumor tissues from lung cancer patients (r = 0.82, P = 0.04; r = 0.84, P = 0.03), suggesting that the genetic changes in sputum might indicate the presence of the same genetic aberrations in lung tumors. Furthermore, abnormal cells were found in 76% sputum by detecting combined HYAL2 and FHIT deletions whereas in 47% sputum by cytology, of the cancer cases, implying that detecting the combination of HYAL2 and FHIT deletions had higher sensitivity than that of sputum cytology for lung cancer diagnosis. In addition, HYAL2 and FHIT deletions in sputum were associated with smoking history of cancer patients and smokers (both P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Tobacco-related HYAL2 and FHIT deletions in sputum may constitute diagnostic markers for early-stage lung cancer.
H-2K mutation controls immune response phenotype of autoimmune thyroiditis. Critical expression of mutant gene product in both thymus and thyroid glands.
Authors: R Maron, I R Cohen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) can be induced by immunizing mice against mouse thyroglobulin. A gene critical to the phenotypical expression of EAT was mapped to the H-2K locus by studying B6 mice and its mutant strain B6.H-2ba. To identify organs in which expression of the gene was decisive for the EAT phenotype, we transplanted thyroid or irradiated thymus glands into various strains of normal mice or thymusless nude mice. We found that the pathophysiology of EAT was controlled by the expression of specific H-2 genes in both the target thyroid gland and the thymus gland.