tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14960: Effect of Catheter Ablation on the Clinical Manifestation of Migraine in AF Patients with or without Pre-Existent Migraine -Results from a Prospective Study (CONFIRM)
Authors: Sanghamitra Mohanty, Prasant Mohanty, Luigi Di Biase, Neal Rutledge, Jamie La Rue, Rong Bai, Pasquale Santangeli, Agnes Pump, David Burkhardt, Joseph Gallinghouse, Rodney Horton, Javier Sanchez, Shane Bailey, Jason Zagrodzky, Andrea Natale
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Whether there is an association between atrial fibrillation (AF), trans-septal puncture during catheter ablation (CA) and migraine is yet to be defined. This study examined the influenc...
Making the Grade: The Impact of Low-Grade Toxicities on Patient Preference for Treatment With Novel Agents
Authors: Emily H. Castellanos, Sheau-chiann Chen, Hillary Drexler, Leora Horn
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Targeted therapies have shown clinical benefit in the treatment of solid tumors. The toxicity profiles and treatment duration and schedule of these agents differ considerably from those of traditional chemotherapy. Many studies of targeted therapies report sizeable numbers of grade 1 or 2 toxicities. We sought to determine whether anticipation of low-grade toxicities and treatment logistics impact patient willingness to undergo therapy.A total of 209 patients with cancer (101 lung and 108 breast) were surveyed at the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center regarding willingness to comply with treatment based on anticipated efficacy, dosing convenience, and toxicity profiles. All toxicities were Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 grade 1 and 2. Willingness to comply with treatment depending on toxicity, anticipated benefit, cancer type, and dosing convenience was compared.A substantial number of patients (2.9%-48.8%, depending on the toxicity described) professed unwillingness to undergo treatment because of anticipated grade 1 and 2 toxicities. Gastrointestinal and constitutional toxicities had a stronger negative impact on patient willingness to undergo therapy than dermatologic toxicity. Patients with lung cancer were significantly more likely to accept dermatologic and gastrointestinal toxicities than those with breast cancer. Willingness to tolerate toxicities correlated with expected benefit in terms of life expectancy and chance of cure. Lengthy travel distance for treatment negatively impacted willingness to undergo treatment.Anticipation of low-grade toxicities and dosing inconvenience negatively impacts patient willingness to be treated, which may affect adherence and therapeutic outcomes from therapy. Long-term tolerability should be considered when developing and assessing the impact of novel agents.
IL-12 drives functional plasticity of human group 2 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Ai Ing Lim, Silvia Menegatti, Jacinta Bustamante, Lionel Le Bourhis, Matthieu Allez, Lars Rogge, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Hans Yssel, James P. Di Santo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) include IL-5– and IL-13–producing CRTh2+CD127+ cells that are implicated in early protective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Whereas functional plasticity has been demonstrated for both human and mouse ILC3 subsets that can reversibly give rise to IFN-γ–producing ILC1, plasticity of human or mouse ILC2 has not been shown. Here, we analyze the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of human peripheral blood ILC2. Although subsets of human CRTh2+ ILC2 differentially express CD117 (c-kit receptor), some ILC2 surface phenotypes are unstable and can be modulated in vitro. Surprisingly, human IL-13+ ILC2 can acquire the capacity to produce IFN-γ, thereby generating plastic ILC2. ILC2 cultures demonstrated that IFN-γ+ ILC2 clones could be derived and were stably associated with increased T-BET expression. The inductive mechanism for ILC2 plasticity was mapped to the IL-12–IL-12R signaling pathway and was confirmed through analysis of patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease due to IL-12Rβ1 deficiencies that failed to generate plastic ILC2. We also detected IL-13+IFN-γ+ ILC2 ex vivo in intestinal samples from Crohn’s disease patients. These results demonstrate cytokine production plasticity for human ILC2 and further suggest that environmental cues can dictate ILC phenotype and function for these tissue-resident innate effector cells.
Tubular cell protein degradation in early diabetic renal hypertrophy.
Authors: P Shechter, G Boner, R Rabkin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Renal hypertrophy in diabetes is accompanied by an increase in kidney protein content, which reflects an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. This study determines whether altered cellular protein degradation contributes to the imbalance. Diabetes was induced in rats with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg/ip). After 2 or 4 days of diabetes, kidney weight and protein content were measured. Over the 4 days, despite a loss in body weight, kidney wet weight increased by 35% and protein content by 37% in the diabetic rats. Treatment with insulin prevented this increase. Long-lived protein degradation was measured in isolated proximal tubules prelabeled with (14C)valine in vivo. Two days after streptozotocin, protein degradation was depressed by 19% (P < 0.05) and by the fourth day by 27% compared with that in nondiabetic controls (2.6% +/- 0.2 versus 1.9 +/- 0.1% degraded/h; P < 0.01). This was accompanied by a similar diabetes-induced decrease in proximal tubule cathepsin B and L activity. Accordingly, this study provides direct evidence that, in diabetes, tubular cell protein breakdown is depressed and suggests that altered lysosomal cathepsin activity may contribute to this effect. Depressed proteolysis likely contributes to the increase in kidney protein content and hence to diabetic renal hypertrophy.
Immunological status of TB/HIV dual infection patients in Latvia in year 2009
Authors: Evija Livcane, Edite Fridrihsone
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

In the world tuberculosis (TB) is main cause of illness and death for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Situation among TB/HIV dual infection patients in Latvia is relatively unexplored.   Aims:  To analyse:incidence of various TB clinical forms among HIV patients;incidence of resistant TB among TB/HIV patients;medium immunological parameters for TB/HIV patients at the moment of TB diagnosis;anti-TB therapy results for HIV/TB patients.   Materials and methods:  In retrospective study case histories for 61 from 73 patients diagnosed in year 2009 with TB/HIV dual infection were analysed.   Results:  For 72% (43) patients HIV was diagnosed before TB diagnosis, 28% (17) patients HIV and TB were diagnosed simultaneously. In 80% (49) TB was diagnosed for firs time, in 20% (12) relapse. In 40% (25) multiorgan TB infection was diagnosed, in 30% (18) infiltrative pulmonary TB, in 25% (15) disseminated pulmonary TB and in 5% (3) extra pulmonary TB. In 60% (37) cases TM was sensitive to all antiTB drugs, in 35% (21) resistant cases. Medium CD4+ cell count at the moment of TB diagnosis was 294 cells/mm 3  (min–6,max–2003). 67% (41) patients received full,18% (11) disrupted therapy and 13% (9) cases were lethal.   Conclusion:  In year 2009 significant number of TB and HIV were diagnosed simultaneously. Pulmonary TB dominates among TB/HIV patients, but there is also high number of patients with TB multi-organ infection. There is high number of resistant TB among HIV/TB infected individuals. High CD4+ cell count could indicate high incidence of TB among HIV/TB individuals. There is significant number of cases where TB is cause of death in TB/HIV dual infection patients.
Can a severe degree of ketoacidosis develop overnight?
Authors: M Schreiber, A Steele, J Goguen, A Levin, M Halperin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1996)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in poor control, alcohol intake associated with extracellular fluid volume contraction, or hypoglycemia may each lead to an increased rate of production of ketoacids. Generally, several days of illness are required before ketoacidosis becomes severe. Two clinical examples are presented to suggest that a severe degree of ketoacidosis may develop over a short period of time, literally overnight. In both examples, there was the ingestion of a modest amount of ethanol. From a quantitative analysis of factors that may influence the rate of production and removal of ketoacids, the following were deduced. Contributing factors to the very rapid development of maximal ketoacidosis could include the absence of a lag period for the conversion of ethanol to acetyl-coenzyme A in the liver and an impaired ability of the brain and kidneys to oxidize ketoacids, especially if these ketoacids are produced very rapidly and/or if less metabolic work is performed by these organs. In special settings, ketoacidosis may develop more rapidly than is generally appreciated.
Influence of unintentional weight loss on quality of life in elderly cancer patients before chemo and/or radiotherapy
Authors: G. Capuano, I. Pavese, M. Tosti, A. Palladino, M. di Palma, F. Satta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20539 Background: Unintentional weight loss (WL) is an early indicator of malnutrition risk and is present in about 50% of cancer patients before treatment. Cancer-related malnutrition significantly correlates with quality of life (QoL) and outcome. Even if about 30% of all patients are malnourished before treatment, WL is frequently underestimated or completely ignored also in the management of older, though they are at increased risk of malnutrition, because of frailty and functional reserve limitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of WL on QoL in elderly cancer patients before chemo and/or radiotherapy. Methods: Between 2003 to 2007, 387 consecutive outpatients affected by solid tumor of different origin were submitted to nutritional screening before treatment; 104 of them (27%) were aged ≥ 70 years (median 73, range 70 - 85), 44 males, 60 females. All patients were evaluated for nutritional status (assessed with PG-SGA) and QoL (measured with EORCT QLQ-C30 v. 3.O). Results: At baseline, WL (median 6%, range 0 - 28) was observed in 62 older patients (60%), 37% of them had a WL ≥10%. The median PG-SGA score was 12 (range 2 - 20). Patients with WL had worse QLQ-C30 functional scales (FS 65 ± 25 vs 87 ± 10; p=0.001), symptom scales (SS 28 ± 24 vs 5 ± 10; p<0.001) and global health status too (GH 47 ± 21 vs 71 ± 9; p<0.001). In patients with WL ≥ 10% physical functioning scale reduced (PF 63 ± 26 vs 89 ± 9; p<0.001) and fatigue increased (FA 53 ± 34 vs 8 ± 16; p<0.001). Conclusions: Even if patients were heterogeneous, data demonstrated that the majority of new elderly cancer patients presenting to a medical oncologist are at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. WL was frequent and affected QoL. Our experience suggests that an early, careful and intensive pretreatment nutritional support might improve QoL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Structured advanced care planning facilitated by case managers.
Authors: Eric Rackow, Wendy Rodkey, Jackie Morrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

142 Background: Although advanced care planning facilitates end-of-life decisions, less than half of severely or terminally ill patients have completed an advanced care plan. Accordingly, Humana launched a pilot of care manager-facilitated structured advanced care planning discussions among individuals with complex chronic conditions, including cancer. Process metrics were reviewed to determine whether the pilot would be scalable to a larger population. Methods: The pilot included two groups, 1) high-severity patients who had been receiving long term in-home care management for ≥30 days with a high comorbidity burden, and 2) functionally-challenged patients who had been receiving telephonic care management for ≥30 days and had a moderate comorbidity burden. Twenty care managers participated in 2 live and 9 virtual training sessions on the structured discussion approach. Care managers documented the following process metrics: number and length of structured advanced care planning discussions, number of advanced directives completed or updated, and number of times hospice services were reviewed. Results: Among the 169 high-severity patients in home settings, structured discussions occurred with 54.4% of the population, and 20.1% either updated or completed an advanced directive. Among the 106 functionally challenged patients receiving telephonic care management, 37.7% had structured discussions, and 13.2% either updated or completed an advanced directive. Hospice services were reviewed with 23.6% of the high-severity patients, and 3.7% of the functionally-challenged patients. The amount of time spent by the care managers was longer for the home consultations (average=15.1 minutes) compared to the telephonic consultations (average=10.24 minutes). Conclusions: In this pilot, a higher percentage of advanced care discussions were completed with high-severity patients receiving home care management than functionally-challenged patients receiving telephonic care management. The differences could be attributed many variables, including the health state or setting. This pilot was determined not to be scalable to a broader population, and alternative approaches for advanced care planning currently being evaluated.
Impact of Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Screening Trials and Revised PSA Screening Guidelines on Rates of Prostate Biopsy and Postbiopsy Complications
Authors: Boris Gershman, Holly K. Van Houten, Jeph Herrin, Daniel M. Moreira, Simon P. Kim, Nilay D. Shah, R. Jeffrey Karnes
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Neuropsychologic and neurologic side effects of mitotane and reversibility of symptoms.
Authors: J B Lanser, A P van Seters, A J Moolenaar, H R Haak, E L Bollen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.9.1504 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 1517795 Neuropsychologic and neurologic side effects of mitotane and reversibility of symptoms. J B LanserxJ B LanserSearch for articles by this author , A P van SetersxA P van SetersSearch for articles by this author , A J MoolenaarxA J MoolenaarSearch for articles by this author , H R HaakxH R HaakSearch for articles by this author , E L BollenxE L BollenSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1992.10.9.1504 PDF "Neuropsychologic and neurologic side effects of mitotane and reversibility of symptoms.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10(9), p. 1504© 1992 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Rates of single-copy DNA evolution in herons.
Authors: F H Sheldon
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1987)

DNA-DNA hybridization was used to discover the extent of single-copy DNA similarity among 13 species of herons and one ibis. Genetic distances among taxa were summarized as Tm values in a folded matrix. From this matrix, trees with the same branching pattern were constructed by least squares under one of two assumptions: (1) that sister branches are equal in length and (2) that sister branches are not necessarily equal in length. The residual sums of squares of these trees were compared by F-test to see whether the branches of the tree built under assumption (2) fit the matrix data significantly better than those of the tree built under assumption (1). By this method the existence of different rates of DNA evolution in different heron lineages was established. Bittern single-copy DNA has evolved at a rate approximately 25% faster, and boat-billed heron (Cochearius) and rufescent tiger heron (Tigrisoma lineatum) DNA has evolved approximately 19% slower, than that of day and night herons. It appears that the differences in rates of DNA evolution may increase proportionally with genealogical distance.
The Value of PD-L1 Testing in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Aaron Lisberg, Edward B. Garon
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Speeding through dilemmas
Authors: R Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In Hypotheticals health care professionals, ethicists, lawyers, and police were taken through situations of increasing complexity by a moderator, with a view to establishing (a) what decisions they would take and (b) what principles, if any, these decisions are based on.

The first programme, moderated by Charles Nesson, dealt with issues of reproduction. The number of problems introduced was mesmerising: sex selection, abortion, genetic testing, drug trials on newborns, testing of a fetus to assess the possible matching for a bone marrow transplant to an existing child, postmenopausal mothers, racial matching of egg donors and donees, control of genetic information, wrongful birth, use of fetal ovarian tissue, and preimplantation selection.

Although fascinating, the discussion, in dealing with so many issues, failed to deal thoroughly with any of them, and the principles underlying the views of the participants were insufficiently explored. Robert Winston, in …
Cancer Mortality Among Chemists
Authors: Frederick P. Li, M.D., Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr., M.D., Nathan Mantel, M.A., Robert W. Miller, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Occupational exposures to chemicals have been implicated in the origin of cancers of the skin, lung, and urinary bladder. To evaluate the cancer experience of chemists in general, study was made of the causes of death among 3,637 members of the American Chemical Society who died between 1948 and 1967. A significantly higher proportion of deaths from cancer was found among male chemists in the two age categories, 20–64 years and over 64 years, as compared with professional men in general (P<0.001) and the elderly white male population (P <0.05) in the United States. Nearly half the excess cancer deaths were attributed to malignant lymphoma and carcinoma of the pancreas. Despite methodologic imperfections, these findings and other fragmentary data suggest that chemical agents may induce cancers of the pancreas and lymphoid tissue in man.
Safety of trastuzumab, alone or in combination, in elderly patients with HER2-positive breast cancer: A 5-year case series.
Authors: Vincenzo Adamo, Giuseppina R. R. Ricciardi, Barbara Adamo, Giuseppa Ferraro, Tindara Franchina, Rosalba Rossello, Mariangela Zanghì, Antonio Russo, Maria Rosaria Valerio, Nicola Caristi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e11056 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is frequent in the elderly and is burdened by high recurrence and death rates, due mostly to undertreatment. Trastuzumab (T), in combination with chemotherapy (CT) or hormonotherapy (HT), is a well-established treatment strategy for early and advanced HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer, but has been poorly studied in the elderly setting due to its infrequency. The aim of our study is to assess the safety of T in elderly patients with HER2+ BC. Methods: Between 2005 and 2010, consecutive HER2+ breast cancer patients of ≥70 years of age referred to two oncology centers and that received T-based therapy were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were treated according to multidimensional geriatric assessment (MGA) and clinical criteria. Results: Of 59 patients, 51 were evaluable with a mean age of 76 years (range 70-86). Trastuzumab was well tolerated overall. Median left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) at baseline was 61% and at the end of treatment was 55%. The most relevant adverse events consisted of only one case (2%) of symptomatic congestive heart failure, which required treatment withdrawal and six (12%) asymptomatic decreases of LVEF (3 pts &gt;15% and 3 pts &gt;10% versus baseline). Mild to moderate hypersensitivity reactions associated with T-containing infusions occurred in 3 patients (5.8%). Hypertension, obesity and previous anthracycline-based treatment and combination with CTs gave a trend towards a higher incidence of toxic events. Previous radiotherapy, concurrent HT and the different T schedules did not influence toxicity. Conclusions: Our data shows a good trastuzumab safety profile in non-frail women age 70 and older. These favourable findings may be related to the limited number of anthracycline pre-treatments, a substantial patient selection by MGA and close cardiologic monitoring. [Table: see text]
Sugar tax will double funding for sport in primary schools, says chancellor
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The government will introduce a tax on soft drinks containing sugar, the chancellor of the exchequer has announced.

George Osborne said that he expects the new tax, included in the 2016 budget proposals, to raise £520m (€658m; $744m) a year when it comes into force in 2018. The revenue will be used in part to double the amount primary schools spend on sport, to £320m a year. Public health bodies welcomed the announcement warmly, while the food and drinks industry denounced it as “political theatre” that would cost jobs and slow down innovation.

Under the proposals, producers and importers of soft drinks will pay a levy based on the total sugar content of drinks. One rate will apply to drinks with more than 5 g of sugar per 100 mL, which is expected to add about 6p to the price of a 330 mL can or bottle, and a higher rate will apply to drinks with more than 8 g per 100 mL, which is expected to add 8p a can. Small operators will be excluded from the tax.

Details of how the tax …