tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Food labelling should extend to restaurants and take-aways, experts say
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Public health experts have told MPs that the “traffic light” scheme on food labels should be extended to restaurant menus and take-away food kiosks.

MPs on the health select committee, as part of their inquiry into health inequalities, were told about how the colour coded labels, which detail the nutritional value of food, could be extended beyond food packaging.

When asked by MPs in which areas substantial progress could be made in tackling health inequalities, Alan Maryon Davies, president of the Faculty of Public Health, a joint faculty of Britain’s three Royal Colleges of Physicians, mentioned labelling on packaging of foods, for …
Therapeutic Potential of Amanitin-Conjugated Anti-Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Monoclonal Antibody Against Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Gerhard Moldenhauer, Alexei V. Salnikov, Sandra Lüttgau, Ingrid Herr, Jan Anderl, Heinz Faulstich
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

BackgroundHuman epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in many cancers. Anti-EpCAM antibodies have shown promise in preclinical studies, but showed no tumor regression in a recent phase II clinical trial. Therefore, we generated a novel anti-EpCAM antibody–drug conjugate and assessed whether it showed enhanced antitumor effects.
Diagnosis of Wilson's disease: an experience over three decades
Authors: G J Brewer
Journal: Gut (2002)

The paper by Gow et al ( Gut 2000; 46 :415–19) discussed the diagnosis of Wilson's disease in 30 patients presenting to two different clinical facilities over 28 years (1971–1998). Because a paper of this type is likely to be viewed as an authoritative guide, it is important that the information be valid. For that reason, I call attention to the following significant errors in the paper.

The authors report urine copper values of 5, 4, 7, 4, 5, 2, and 2 μg per 24 hours in seven patients in their table 1. These data cannot possibly be valid. The normal range for urine copper is 20–50 μg per 24 hours, and these patients are far below the lower limit of normal. In performing several thousand 24 hour urine copper tests on patients and normal subjects in our own laboratory, I have never seen one below 10 μg per 24 hours, except in copper deficiency. The patients in table 1 have Wilson's disease, the opposite of copper deficiency, making the data even more unbelievable. I …
Physiological basis of improvement after lung volume reduction surgery for severe emphysema: where are we?
Authors: E Marchand, G Gayan-Ramirez, P De Leyn, M Decramer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Lung volume reduction surgery has become an accepted therapeutic option to relieve the symptoms of selected patients with severe emphysema. In a majority of these patients, it causes objective as well as subjective functional improvement. A proper understanding of the physiological determinants underlying these beneficial effects appears very important in order to better select patients for the procedure that is currently largely carried out on an empirical basis. Lung volume reduction surgery has two distinct effects. Firstly, it causes an increased elastic recoil, which at least partially explains the enhanced maximal expiratory flow. Secondly, it is associated with a reduction of hyperinflation which allows for an increase in global inspiratory muscle strength and in diaphragmatic contribution to tidal volume as well as a decrease in the inspiratory elastic load imposed by the chest wall. Taken together, these effects result in a reduced work of breathing and in an enhanced maximal ventilation which both contribute to the increased exercise capacity and reduced dyspnoea after surgery. The improved lung recoil and the reduced hyperinflation after volume reduction surgery were the primary postulates upon which the usual selection criteria for the procedure were based. It is now likely that these are correct. Nevertheless, some patients do not benefit from lung volume reduction surgery and the current literature does not allow for a refinement of the selection process from a physiological point of view. The exact mechanisms underlying the improvement in lung recoil, lung mechanics, and respiratory muscle function remain incompletely understood. Moreover, the effects of lung volume reduction surgery on gas exchange and pulmonary haemodynamics still need to be more fully investigated. An analysis of the characteristics of patients who do not benefit from the procedure and the development of an animal model for lung volume reduction surgery would probably help address these important issues.
Reasons for interinstitutional observer variance in the interpretation of stress echocardiograms
Authors: Rainer Hoffmann, Harald Lethen, Thomas Marwick, Mariarosaria Amese, Paolo Fioretti, Alessandro Pingitore, Eugenio Picano, Thomas Buck, Raimund Erbel, Frank A. Flachskampf, Peter Hanrath
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Diabetes Induces Aberrant DNA Methylation in the Proximal Tubules of the Kidney
Authors: Takeshi Marumo, Shintaro Yagi, Wakako Kawarazaki, Mitsuhiro Nishimoto, Nobuhiro Ayuzawa, Atsushi Watanabe, Kohei Ueda, Junichi Hirahashi, Keiichi Hishikawa, Hiroyuki Sakurai, Kunio Shiota, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Epigenetic mechanisms may underlie the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Because the kidney is a heterogeneous organ with different cell types, we investigated DNA methylation status of the kidney in a cell type-specific manner. We first identified genes specifically demethylated in the normal proximal tubules obtained from control db/m mice, and next delineated the candidate disease-modifying genes bearing aberrant DNA methylation induced by diabetes using db/db mice. Genes involved in glucose metabolism, including Sglt2, Pck1, and G6pc, were selectively hypomethylated in the proximal tubules in control mice. Hnf4a, a transcription factor regulating transporters for reabsorption, was also selectively demethylated. In diabetic mice, aberrant hypomethylation of Agt, Abcc4, Cyp4a10, Glut5, and Met and hypermethylation of Kif20b, Cldn18, and Slco1a1 were observed. Time-dependent demethylation of Agt, a marker of diabetic kidney disease, was accompanied by histone modification changes. Furthermore, inhibition of DNA methyltransferase or histone deacetylase increased Agt mRNA in cultured human proximal tubular cells. Aberrant DNA methylation and concomitant changes in histone modifications and mRNA expression in the diabetic kidney were resistant to antidiabetic treatment with pioglitazone. These results suggest that an epigenetic switch involving aberrant DNA methylation causes persistent mRNA expression of select genes that may lead to phenotype changes of the proximal tubules in diabetic kidney disease.
Yoga's Impact on Inflammation, Mood, and Fatigue in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser, Jeanette M. Bennett, Rebecca Andridge, Juan Peng, Charles L. Shapiro, William B. Malarkey, Charles F. Emery, Rachel Layman, Ewa E. Mrozek, Ronald Glaser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose To evaluate yoga's impact on inflammation, mood, and fatigue. Patients and Methods A randomized controlled 3-month trial was conducted with two post-treatment assessments of 200 breast cancer survivors assigned to either 12 weeks of 90-minute twice per week hatha yoga classes or a wait-list control. The main outcome measures were lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and scores on the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF), the vitality scale from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Results Immediately post-treatment, fatigue was not lower (P &gt; .05) but vitality was higher (P = .01) in the yoga group compared with the control group. At 3 months post-treatment, fatigue was lower in the yoga group (P = .002), vitality was higher (P = .01), and IL-6 (P = .027), TNF-α (P = .027), and IL-1β (P = .037) were lower for yoga participants compared with the control group. Groups did not differ on depression at either time (P &gt; .2). Planned secondary analyses showed that the frequency of yoga practice had stronger associations with fatigue at both post-treatment visits (P = .019; P &lt; .001), as well as vitality (P = .016; P = .0045), but not depression (P &gt; .05) than simple group assignment; more frequent practice produced larger changes. At 3 months post-treatment, increasing yoga practice also led to a decrease in IL-6 (P = .01) and IL-1β (P = .03) production but not in TNF-α production (P &gt; .05). Conclusion Chronic inflammation may fuel declines in physical function leading to frailty and disability. If yoga dampens or limits both fatigue and inflammation, then regular practice could have substantial health benefits.
Reply to Letter Regarding Article, “Cystatin C and Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury”
Authors: Carlo Briguori, Gabriella Visconti, Amelia Focaccio, Bruno Golia, Rosalia Giannone, Diletta Castaldo, Francesca De Micco, Bruno Ricciardelli, Antonio Colombo, Natalia V. Rivera
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Concordance between inflammation at physical examination and on MRI in patients with early arthritis
Authors: A Krabben, W Stomp, T W J Huizinga, D van der Heijde, J L Bloem, M Reijnierse, A H M van der Helm-van Mil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> MRI is increasingly used to measure inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research, but the correlation to clinical assessment is unexplored. This study determined the association and concordance between inflammation of small joints measured with MRI and physical examination. <h3>Methods</h3> 179 patients with early arthritis underwent a 68 tender joint count and 66 swollen joint count and 1.5T MRI of MCP (2–5), wrist and MTP (1–5) joints at the most painful side. Two readers scored synovitis and bone marrow oedema (BME) according to the OMERACT RA MRI scoring method and assessed tenosynovitis. The MRI data were first analysed continuously and then dichotomised to analyse the concordance with inflammation at joint examination. <h3>Results</h3> 1790 joints of 179 patients were studied. Synovitis and tenosynovitis on MRI were independently associated with clinical swelling, in contrast to BME. In 86% of the swollen MCP joints and in 92% of the swollen wrist joints any inflammation on MRI was present. In 27% of the non-swollen MCP joints and in 66% of the non-swollen wrist joints any MRI inflammation was present. Vice versa, of all MCP, wrist and MTP joints with inflammation on MRI 64%, 61% and 77%, respectively, were not swollen. BME, also in case of severe lesions, occurred frequently in clinically non-swollen joints. Similar results were observed for joint tenderness. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Inflammation on MRI is not only present in clinically swollen but also in non-swollen joints. In particular BME occurred in clinically non-inflamed joints. The relevance of subclinical inflammation for the disease course is a subject for further studies.
CCR10 regulates balanced maintenance and function of resident regulatory and effector T cells to promote immune homeostasis in the skin
Authors: Mingcan Xia, Shaomin Hu, Yaoyao Fu, Wensen Jin, Qiyi Yi, Yurika Matsui, Jie Yang, Mary Ann McDowell, Surojit Sarkar, Vandana Kalia, Na Xiong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
A Nomogram for B.T.P.S.-volume Corrections in Pulmonary Ventilation Tests
Authors: J. G. Mackenzie
Journal: Thorax (1963)

Theconversion ofa spirometer tracing intoa volumeofgascorrected tobodytemperature and pressure saturated withwatervapour(B.T.P.S.volume) involves: (a)a factor toconvert centimetres oftracing height tomillilitres ofgasatthe existing (or'ambient') temperature andpressure saturated withwatervapour(A.T.P.S.-volume), this factor being 300fortheGodart apparatus in useinthis Unit, since 1cm.isequivalent to300ml. ofgas;(b)conversion ofA.T.P.S.-volume to B.T.P.S.-volume bytheapplication ofBoyle's and Charles' lawsandtheknownvalues ofwater vapourpartial pressure atdifferent temperatures. Detailed investigation ofasingle patient requires thatthese steps should berepeated manytimes. Henceawelcome contribution wastheprovision ofa setoffactors forthesecond calculation in therange20-37'C. (Comroe, Forster, Dubois, Briscoc, andCarlsen, 1962), barometric pressure changes between 750and770mm.Hghaving been showntobeinsignificant. Thesefactors arethereforeprimarily dependent upon laboratory temperature. Thispaperextends therangeoftheComroe factors to15-40'C., asthese extremes haveoccasionally beenrequired, andpresents an easily constructed nomogramforthecomplete calculation. THE B.T.P.S.-VOLUME CORRECTIONFACTORS Applying thegaslaws, Comroe's factors were obtained fromtheequation:
Concentrated Ambient Air Particles Induce Mild Pulmonary Inflammation in Healthy Human Volunteers
Authors: ANDREW J. GHIO, CHONG KIM, ROBERT B. DEVLIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We tested the hypothesis that exposure of healthy volunteers to concentrated ambient particles (CAPS) is associated with an influx of inflammatory cells into the lower respiratory tract. Thirty-eight volunteers were exposed to either filtered air or particles concentrated from the immediate environment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Human Studies Facility in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Particle concentrations in the chamber during the exposures ranged from 23.1 to 311.1 microgram/m(3). While in the exposure chamber, volunteers alternated between moderate exercise (15 min) and rest (15 min) for a total exposure time of 2 h. There were no symptoms noted by volunteers after the exposure. Similarly, there were no decrements in pulmonary function. Eighteen hours after exposure, analysis of cells and fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage showed a mild increase in neutrophils in both the bronchial and alveolar fractions in those individuals exposed to CAPS (8.44 +/- 1.99 and 4.20 +/- 1.69%, respectively, in those with the greatest exposure) relative to filtered air (2.69 +/- 0.55 and 0.75 +/- 0.28%, respectively). Blood obtained 18 h after exposure to CAPS contained significantly more fibrinogen relative to samples obtained before exposure. We conclude that ambient air particles are capable of inducing a mild inflammation in the lower respiratory tract, as well as an increased concentration of blood fibrinogen.
Randomized Phase II/III Trial Assessing Gemcitabine/Carboplatin and Methotrexate/Carboplatin/Vinblastine in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Cancer Who Are Unfit for Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy: EORTC Study 30986
Authors: Maria De Santis, Joaquim Bellmunt, Graham Mead, J. Martijn Kerst, Michael Leahy, Pablo Maroto, Thierry Gil, Sandrine Marreaud, Gedske Daugaard, Iwona Skoneczna, Sandra Collette, Julie Lorent, Ronald de Wit, Richard Sylvester
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Purpose This is the first randomized phase II/III trial comparing two carboplatin-based chemotherapy regimens in patients with urothelial cancer who are ineligible (“unfit”) for cisplatin chemotherapy. Patients and Methods The primary objective of the phase III part of this study was to compare the overall survival (OS) of chemotherapy-naive patients with measurable disease and an impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate &lt; 60 but &gt; 30 mL/min) and/or performance score of 2 who were randomly assigned to receive either gemcitabine/carboplatin (GC) or methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine (M-CAVI). To detect an increase of 50% in median survival with GC compared with M-CAVI (13.5 v 9 months) based on a two-sided log-rank test at error rates α = .05 and β = .20, 225 patients were required. Secondary end points were overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity, and quality of life. Results In all, 238 patients were randomly assigned by 29 institutions over a period of 7 years. The median follow-up was 4.5 years. Best ORRs were 41.2% (36.1% confirmed response) for patients receiving GC versus 30.3% (21.0% confirmed response) for patients receiving M-CAVI (P = .08). Median OS was 9.3 months in the GC arm and 8.1 months in the M-CAVI arm (P = .64). There was no difference in PFS (P = .78) between the two arms. Severe acute toxicity (death, grade 4 thrombocytopenia with bleeding, grade 3 or 4 renal toxicity, neutropenic fever, or mucositis) was observed in 9.3% of patients receiving GC and 21.2% of patients receiving M-CAVI. Conclusion There were no significant differences in efficacy between the two treatment groups. The incidence of severe acute toxicities was higher for those receiving M-CAVI.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF INJURY AND ILLNESS IN THE BRITISH SKELETON SQUAD – 2009–2013
Authors: D Palmer-Green, H Thomas, H Danny, P Chris, R Kay, J Rod, H Glenn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Injury and illness prevention can have not only athlete health benefits but also potential positive performance gains in elite sport. Valid injury/illness surveillance data is needed in the first step towards prevention. Objective Provide injury/illness epidemiology information on the British Skeleton squad. Design Longitudinal prospective surveillance study, recording injury/illness, and training/competition exposure data. Definitions for injury/illness, time-loss and performance-restriction were used to identify the rate and severity of athlete injuries/illnesses. Setting British skeleton national training centre, including domestic and international training/competition venues between 2009–2013 (4 seasons). Participants 21 (14 male; 7 female) National team athletes. Interventions Standardised report forms for injuries/illnesses were completed by medical, and competition/training exposure by coaching, support staff. Main outcome measure Injury/illness rate, severity and causes. Results There were 49 training (4.3/1000 athlete training hrs) and 10 competition (14/100 competition starts) injuries, with 10 days and 3 days lost per injury, respectively. Injuries to the thigh (41%), followed by knee and lumbar spine (20% each) were most common, with 4, 13, and 14 days lost per injury, respectively. Muscle strain was the most common type of injury (36%), and lesion of meniscus/disc the most severe (36d), the latter also causing the greatest burden. The most common cause of injury was push start strides and upright sprinting, all resulting in thigh (posterior) muscle strain injuries. There were 16 illnesses (40% squad seasonal prevalence; severity 4d) and respiratory was the most common illness type (80%), occurring most frequently around periods of high training volume, competition and travel. Conclusions Prevention initiatives focussed on thigh and lumbar spine injuries, and also illnesses around competitive periods in the season may be beneficial in reducing the number of athlete days lost to training/competition.
Racial Differences in Breast Cancer Trends in the United States (2000-2004)
Authors: R. M. Pfeiffer, A. Mitani, R. K. Matsuno, W. F. Anderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

of ER-positive breast cancers dropped 14.4% from 2000 -2001 to 2003 -2004 whereas ER-negative tumors declined only 4.7%.For black women aged 50 -69 years, ER-positive breast cancer incidence showed no change from 2000 -2001 to 2003 -2004 whereas incidence of ER-negative tumors increased 4.0%.Changes in mammography screening cannot explain incidence changes among black women because screening prevalence remained constant for blacks during 2000 -2004 ( 4 ).We sought to explain why decreases in HRT usage in black women ( 5 ) did not lower ER-positive rates among blacks aged 50 -69 years.Although percent changes in HRT usage before and after WHI were similar among racial groups ( 5 ), overall HRT usage was reportedly lower among blacks than among non-Hispanic Racial Differences in Breast Cancer Trends in the United States (2000 -2004
SELECTION OF THE T CELL REPERTOIRE
Authors: Eric Sebzda, Sanjeev Mariathasan, Toshiaki Ohteki, Russell Jones, Martin F. Bachmann, Pamela S. Ohashi
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1999)

▪ Abstract Advances in gene technology have allowed the manipulation of molecular interactions that shape the T cell repertoire. Although recognized as fundamental aspects of T lymphocyte development, only recently have the mechanisms governing positive and negative selection been examined at a molecular level. Positive selection refers to the active process of rescuing MHC-restricted thymocytes from programmed cell death. Negative selection refers to the deletion or inactivation of potentially autoreactive thymocytes. This review focuses on interactions during thymocyte maturation that define the T cell repertoire, with an emphasis placed on current literature within this field.
Ventricular Tachycardia Around the Tricuspid Annulus in Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Authors: Feifan Ouyang, Parwis Fotuhi, Masahiko Goya, Marius Volkmer, Sabine Ernst, Riccardo Cappato, Karl-Heinz Kuck
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Figure 1.Surface 12-lead ECG tracings during ventricular tachycardia.Note left bundle-branch configuration of QRS, with left axis deviation, suggesting a right inferolateral exit of reentrant circuit.
Role of bone scintigraphy in the early diagnosis of discitis.
Authors: K Choong, P Monaghan, L McGuigan, R McLean
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Nine cases of recorded discitis are presented, in which scintigraphy played an important part in the diagnosis. The patients (five men (aged 21-75 years) and four women (aged 40-73 years)) had a history of back pain varying in duration from two days to three months. Final diagnosis was confirmed microbiologically (seven patients) or radiographically (two patients). Bone scintigraphy was a valuable diagnostic procedure for discitis with earlier detection than plain radiography in three patients and similar initial detection to that of third generation computed tomography. Single photon emission computed tomographic imaging increased diagnostic confidence by indicating the involvement of the adjacent vertebral bodies rather than of the pedicles or spinous processes.