tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY FOLLOWING SURGICAL CORRECTION OF AORTIC COARCTATION BY IMPLANTATION OF AN AORTIC ISOGRAFT
Authors: J. VICTOR MONKE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

Electroconvulsive therapy, producing grand mal seizures, has been successfully given to a patient with a 6-cm. aortic isograft of one year without evident injury to the isograft and with marked psychological benefit to the patient.
Abstract 1308: Cytogenetic abnormalities of tumor endothelial cells in human malignant tumors
Authors: Kyoko Hida, Tomoshige Akino, Yasuhiro Hida, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Deborah Freedman, Chikara Muraki, Noritaka Ohga, Kouhei Matsuda, Kosuke Akiyama, Takuro Kurosu, Miyako Kondo, Nako Maishi, Toru Harabayashi, Nobuo Shinohara, Katsuya Nonomura, Michael Klagsbrun, Masanobu Shindoh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract An important concept in tumor angiogenesis has been that tumor blood vessels contain genetically normal and stable endothelial cells (ECs), unlike tumor cells, which typically display genetic instability. Chromosomal aberration in human tumor endothelial cells (hTECs) in carcinoma has not yet been investigated. Here we isolated TECs from 20 human renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and analyzed their cytogenetic abnormalities. The degree of aneuploidy was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using chromosome 7 and chromosome 8 DNA probes in isolated hTECs. In human RCCs, 22-58% (median 33%) of uncultured hTECs were aneuploid, whereas normal ECs were diploid. The mechanisms of TEC aneuploidy were studied using mouse TECs (mTECs) isolated from xenografts of human epithelial tumors. To investigate the contribution of progenitor cells to aneuploidy in mTECs, CD133 positive and CD133 negative mTECs were compared for aneuploidy. CD133 positive mTECs showed aneuploidy more frequently than CD133 negative mTECs. This is the first report showing cytogenetic abnormality of hTECs in carcinoma, contrary to traditional belief. It is suggested that cytogenetic alterations in tumor vessels of carcinoma can occur and may play a signicant role in modifying tumor-stromal interactions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1308.
Global Bang for the Buck: Cutting Black Carbon and Methane Benefits Both Health and Climate
Authors: Bob Weinhold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Black carbon and methane have both been implicated in climate change.They also pose more direct human health threats, with black carbon constituting one component of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and methane acting as a precursor of ground-level ozone.An international team of researchers analyzed 14 control measures for human-caused emissions of black carbon and methane to investigate health benefits that might occur in tandem with actions to help mitigate climate change in the next 20-40 years [EHP 120(6):831-839; Anenberg et al.].Black carbon and methane are attractive climate-change mitigation targets because they are relatively short-lived in the atmosphere compared with carbon dioxide, with emission restrictions leading to fairly rapid benefits.Some of the primary sources of methane are fossilfuel extraction, landfills, livestock, rice production, and wastewater treatment.Among major sources of black carbon are many types of incomplete combustion, including that tied to transportation, industry, housing, and burning of biomass.The 14 measures target sources such as fossil-fuel operations, vehicle emissions, landfill gas, sewage, agriculture, brick kilns, and biomass-fueled cook stoves.Using published emissions scenarios as a basis for their calculations, the investigators estimate that if all 14 measures were fully implemented by 2030, average global population-weighted surface
Get thee to a laboratory
Authors: David Dunning
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract von Hippel &amp; Trivers's central assertion that people self-deceive to better deceive others carries so many implications that it must be taken to the laboratory to be tested, rather than promoted by more indirect argument. Although plausible, many psychological findings oppose it. There is also an evolutionary alternative: People better deceive not through self-deception, but rather by not caring about the truth.
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Halit Yerebakan, Robert Sorabella, Marc Najjar, Ayesha Mannan, Catherine Wang, Hiroo Takayama, Yoshifumi Naka, Michael Argenziano, Mathew Williams, Craig Smith, Isaac George
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Generation of Species Cross-reactive Aptamers Using “Toggle” SELEX
Authors: Rebekah White, Christopher Rusconi, Elizabeth Scardino, Alisa Wolberg, Jeffrey Lawson, Maureane Hoffman, Bruce Sullenger
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Species cross-reactivity facilitates the preclinical evaluation of potentially therapeutic molecules in animal models. Here we describe an in vitro selection strategy in which RNA ligands (aptamers) that bind both human and porcine thrombin were selected by "toggling" the protein target between human and porcine thrombin during alternating rounds of selection. The "toggle" selection process yielded a family of aptamers, all of which bound both human and porcine thrombin with high affinity. Toggle-25, a characteristic member, inhibited two of thrombin's most important functions: plasma clot formation and platelet activation. If appropriate targets are available, the toggle strategy is a simple measure that promotes cross-reactivity and may be generalizable to related proteins of the same species as well as to other combinatorial library screening strategies. This strategy should facilitate the isolation of ligands with needed properties for gene therapy and other therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Point-of-Care Warfarin Monitoring in the ROCKET AF Trial
Authors: Manesh R Patel, Anne S Hellkamp, Keith A A Fox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

analysis in which patients with possible acuteonset recall conditions (e.g., an acute infection) were included in the subgroup of patients with no recall condition until the time of onset of the acute condition (Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix).In addition, we evaluated the primary 0.50 1.00 4.00 2.00 Warfarin Better Rivaroxaban Better Stroke or embolism: intention-to-treat patients/study period All patients No condition Any condition Stroke or embolism: per-protocol patients/as-treated All patients No condition Any condition Stroke or embolism: safety patients/ as-treated All patients No condition Any condition Death: safety patients/as-treated All patients No condition Any condition Vascular death: safety patients/as-treated All patients No condition Any condition B
The Effect of Previous Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery on the Prognosis of Patients with Diabetes Who Have Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Katherine M. Detre, Manuel S. Lombardero, Maria Mori Brooks, Regina M. Hardison, Richard Holubkov, George Sopko, Robert L. Frye, Bernard R. Chaitman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes is associated with high mortality. We studied whether previous revascularization by coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG), as compared with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), influences the prognosis in such patients.
P54 Which Secondary Care Asthma Patients Are Most Likely To Overestimate Their Control? A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: L. Patel, J. Blakey, K. Mortimer
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Asthma is a global health issue affecting 300 million people worldwide; with increasing prevalence and morbidity and preventable mortality. Despite advances in management the number of asthma related deaths has not improved. Asthma is a heterogeneous condition, with a variety of clusters of clinical presentations and courses, objective measures and treatment responses. A common feature of asthma is the under-reporting of poor symptom control by patients and under-recognition by clinicians. Poor asthma control in the preceding 12-months prior to admission has been linked to asthma related deaths. The significance of measuring asthma control independently from asthma severity has been demonstrated. However, considerable differences in perceived and actual control are apparent. There is a need to identify patient groups at risk of under-reporting symptoms and not recognising poor control. <h3>Aim</h3> To establish which patient features are associated with overestimation of disease control. <h3>Setting</h3> Secondary care consultant led asthma clinic. <h3>Population</h3> 108 patients recruited over 10 weeks. <h3>Measures</h3> Objective measures of disease severity were mapped against perceived symptom control using the Asthma Control Test; age, gender, co-morbidities, medications, induced sputum, lung function, IgE, blood eosinophil, histamine challenge test, exhaled nitric oxide, ECG CXR, smoking status and BMI. <h3>Analysis</h3> Significant associations between patient groups and perceptions of symptom control are described. <h3>Results</h3> 61 (56.6%) of patients had difficult asthma according to BTS guidance. 95 (88.0%) had poorly controlled asthma, with 70 (64.8%) of these perceiving adequate control of symptoms. All patients with good perceived and actual control of symptoms; 13 (12.0%), had never smoked. 85.5% of patients who did not recognise their symptoms prevalence were overweight, obese or morbidly obese. All patients with raised IgE or blood eosinophillia had poorly controlled asthma; though 58.6% of this group perceived good control. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This single centre cross-sectional study suggests smokers, overweight patients and those with inflammation predominant asthma are most likely to under-report severity. These findings are in keeping with the cluster analyses of Haldar and Moore. Further work is required to follow-up these patients to establish if poor perception of symptoms changes over time, or is associated with future asthma attack frequency.
Granules and Thyrocalcitonin-like Activity in Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: John S. Meyer, Wagih Abdel-Bari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland was examined by electron microscopy, histochemistry and bioassay for thyrocalcitonin. Numerous secretory granules were present in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells, which closely resembled thyroid parafollicular cells. Thyrocalcitonin-like activity was demonstrated in the neoplasm at a level of at least 100 times that normally found in the human thyroid gland. Tests for catecholamines and serotonin were negative. Acid-phosphatase and nonspecific esterase were present in lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles, but not in the secretory granules. Neoplastic cells maintained in tissue culture for four months showed diminished granulation. The observations are consistent with the hypothesis that medullary carcinoma is a thyrocalcitonin-producing neoplasm of parafollicular cells.
Abstract P4-06-02: Systemic Deletion of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1 or 2 Is Protective in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: A Nasrazadani, CL Van den Berg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Growth and survival of metastatic breast cancer cells in the bone is enhanced by the release of growth factors during osteoclast mediated bone resorption. In order to facilitate release of bone degradation products, breast cancer cells continually stimulate osteoblasts, which in turn differentiate osteoclast precursors. Mature osteoclasts are then activated to secrete factors such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K to degrade bone matrix. Identification of molecular targets involved in these signaling pathways may prove beneficial for treatment of aggressive tumor types. Results from our previous studies demonstrated that tumor cell expression of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNKs) mediate lung and bone metastasis. To determine if systemic JNKs play a role in breast cancer progression, jnk1-/- and jnk2-/- Balb/c mice were used to study host related contributions to bone metastasis. The highly metastatic 4T1.2 syngeneic mammary tumor cells were injected intra-cardiac into jnk1-/-, jnk2-/-, and wild-type mice. Both jnk1-/- and jnk2-/- mice survived significantly longer than wild-type controls, (p=0.0034 and p=0.0459, respectively). Wild-type mice succumbed to symptoms of morbidity as early as 10 days post-injection whereas; 60% of the jnk1-/- and 40% of the jnk2-/- mice remained asymptomatic at day 55 and day 70, respectively. Analysis of ribcage metastases post-mortem revealed a significant decrease in bone lesions in jnk1-/- and jnk2-/- mice compared to wild-type mice (P&amp;lt;0.0001 and p=0.0031, respectively). We then evaluated if jnk1 or 2 expression may inhibit osteoclast differentiation and slow tumor related osteolysis, Raw 264.7 osteoclast precursor cells were employed to knockdown Jnk1 or Jnk2 expression to study their proliferation and differentiation into osteoclasts. Proliferation of JNK1and JNK2 deficient osteoclast precursors (Raw shJNK1 and Raw shJNK2, respectively) was slightly decreased compared to wild-type Raw 264.7. In contrast, Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor κB Ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclast differentiation was impaired in both Raw shJNK1 and Raw shJNK2 cells. Collectively, our results suggest the involvement of JNK1 and JNK2 in osteoclast differentiation, thus playing a vital role in breast cancer metastasis to the bone. These data suggest that therapeutic inhibition of JNKs may improve the morbidity and mortality associated with bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-02.
Abstract 4826: Identification of low prevalence somatic mutations in heterogeneous tumor samples
Authors: Olivier Harismendy, Steve Kotsopoulos, Lei Bao, Doug Amorese, Mark Stapleton, Jeff Olson, Masakazu Nakano, Brian Cairn, Stephanie Pond, Karen Messer, Pengchin Chen, Victor Sementchenko, Richard Schwab, Mark Chee, Darren Link, Kelly A. Frazer
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract High throughput sequencing enables the digital measurement of each allele in a DNA sample. This provides an ideal method to interrogate mutations present in heterogeneous samples such as solid tumors in which clonal selection or contamination with stroma can hinder the identification of important somatic mutations. We developed an ultra-deep targeted sequencing (UDT-Seq) assay to screen 46 cancer genes via microdroplet PCR (RainDance Technologies) and direct sequencing of the amplicons on the Illumina GA. This UDT-Seq library interrogates ∼86 kb of DNA located in cancer mutational hotspots (87% of all COSMIC mutations) and ∼29 kb located in exons sequenced in HapMap samples for the assay calibration and performance evaluation. We devised a statistical filtering of the mutations by using both experimental estimation and statistical modeling of the sequencing error rate. We measured the performance of our assay by processing 4 blends of 4 HapMap samples, interrogating 160 SNPs with known prevalence in each blend. The sensitivity and specificity of our method is &amp;gt;90% and &amp;gt;99% respectively for variants present at 5% prevalence or greater. We next interrogated 4 cancer samples (xenografts, 2 of which with matching primary samples) from 4 different tissues. We were able to detect low-prevalence somatic mutations in all samples of which some are well-known driver mutations. Interestingly, the mutational profile from primary to xenograft is conserved for one sample but different for another. Finally, we analyzed the robustness of the detection and prevalence measurement after performing whole-genome amplification on DNA extracted from fresh frozen and FFPE tissue using Single Primer Isothermal Amplification technology (SPIA® -NuGEN Technologies). Featuring a streamlined sample preparation to interrogate a large number of bases, this assay is well suited for clinical applications to study clonal selection in cancer progression or treatment with sub-optimal heterogeneous cancer samples. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4826. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4826
Clot busters! Relief of gastric outlet obstruction after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Kumkum Patel, Jarred Marshak, Anik Patel, James Grendell, Collin Brathwaite
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a highly effective surgical approach for the treatment of morbid obesity [1]. Postsurgical bleeding leading to intraluminal blood clot formation causes gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) at the site of the anastomosis, and is typically managed by laparotomy or surgical revision [1] [2]. Gastrojejunal clots causing GOO following laparoscopic RYGB occur in 3 % – 27 % of patients [2]. Endoscopic dilation of gastrojejunal obstruction provides an alternative to surgical revision, but symptomatic relief may require up to three dilations [3] [4]. We present a case series of three patients who developed intraluminal blood clots at the gastrojejunal anastomosis (GJA) within 72 hours of robotically assisted RYGB surgery.
THU0410 Evaluation of Pain-Related Behavior in Osteoporotic Mouse
Authors: Y. Naito, H. Wakabayashi, A. Sudo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Osteoporotic patients with no evidence of fractures sometimes experience vague low back pain. However, there have been few reports regarding the correlation between osteoporosis and pain-related behavior. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective of the current study was to investigate pain-related behavior in osteoporotic mouse. <h3>Methods</h3> Female ddY mice (8-week-old) were either ovariectomized bilaterally under anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium intraperitoneally (OVX group; n=6). In sham-operated mice, the ovaries were exteriorized but not removed (SHAM group; n=7). Mechanical sensitivity was tested using the von-Frey filaments 4 weeks after surgery. The frequency of withdrawal response and the withdrawal threshold to the application of von-Frey filaments to the planter surface of hindpaws was examined. The animals were placed into a plastic box over a wire mesh floor and allowed to acclimate for at least 30 min before beginning experiments. To evaluate the frequency of withdrawal response, three von Frey filaments with forces of 0.4, 0.6, 1.0 g were applied 10 times each in ascending order of force and the number and intensity of withdrawal responses noted. Results were expressed as the percent response frequency of paw withdrawals. To evaluate the withdrawal threshold, each von Frey filament was applied once, starting with 0.008g and increasing until a withdrawal response was reached which was considered a positive response. The lowest force producing a response was considered as the withdrawal threshold. The filaments were applied for 3s with an inter stimulus interval of 5s. At the end of the experiment, the mice were killed with pentobarbital sodium, and the right and left femora were removed. The femoral distal metaphysis was analyzed three-dimensionally by use of micro-computed tomography (μCT). <h3>Results</h3> The paw-withdrawal-frequency stimulated by von-Frey filaments with strength of 0.4, 0.6, 1.0 g was significantly increased in OVX group as compared with SHAM group respectively (Fig. 1). The withdrawal threshold tended to be lower in OVX group as compared with SHAM group, but there was no significant difference between each group (data not shown). μCT analysis of femoral distal metaphysis showed that bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) (Fig. 2) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (data not shown) and trabecular number (Tb.N) (data not shown) in OVX group was significantly less than in SHAM group, whereas trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) (data not shown) in OVX group was significantly greater than in SHAM group. <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, ovariectomy induced mechanical hyperalgesia and bone loss in hindlimb. The results suggest that hyperalgesic state is one of the causes of postmenoposal osteoporotic pain. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest — Are Drugs Ever the Answer?
Authors: Jose A. Joglar, Richard L. Page
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest accounts for approximately 356,000 deaths per year in the United States,1 with many patients having ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia as the presenting rhythm. In an effort to reduce mortality, the American Heart Association (AHA) developed the "Chain of Survival,"2 including early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), rapid defibrillation, and "effective advanced life support" as central links in management. However, the rate of survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with good neurologic function remains poor, averaging just 8.5%.1 Geographic variation exists, and higher rates of survival are reported in specific locations such as aircraft3 and casinos.4Defibrillation is effective . . .
ED-12 * WIDESPREAD SYSTEMIC METASTASES FROM MEDULLOBLASTOMA WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF ACTIVE CNS INVOLVEMENT: A CASE SERIES
Authors: P. Kumthekar, S. Singh, N. P. Smiley, R. Lulla
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

This case series describes two patients with previously treated medulloblastoma who present with systemic metastases without evidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Patient #1 is male who presented at age 29 with pathology confirmed medulloblastoma treated with complete surgical resection followed by radiation (36 Gy craniospinal plus posterior fossa boost). Subsequently, he received cisplatin, cytoxan, and vincristine. One year later, he developed back pain and urinary retention. Imaging of his spine showed widespread bony metastases without parenchymal CNS disease. Biopsy of the left acetabulum confirmed metastatic medulloblastoma. He is currently enrolled on study with LDE225 versus temozolomide. Surveillance imaging to date is negative for intracranial metastasis, but does show extensive bony metastases involving the total spine, pelvis, ribs, sternum, clavicles, humeri, and femurs. Patient #2 is a female who presented at 32 years with severe headaches, nausea and vomiting found to have pathology confirmed medulloblastoma. She was lost to follow up temporarily, but presented again months later with headaches. She had a recurrent mass and underwent repeat resection. MRI of the spine showed nodular enhancement of the sacral nerve roots compatible with leptomeningeal spread. She underwent craniospinal radiation 36 Gy with a boost to the lumbar region and posterior fossa. One year after initial diagnosis, she presented with hypotension, tachycardia, and fatigue. Neuroimaging showed improved enhancement of the sacral nerve roots and brain imaging showed stable postsurgical changes. Systemic imaging, however, revealed widespread metastatic disease in the lymphatic system, liver, lung, and bones. The patient passed away a few months later. Medulloblastoma can metastasize outside the central nervous system (CNS), however typically does so concurrently with CNS progression. Here we present two adult patients with widely metastatic medulloblastoma systemically without active CNS involvement. Follow up imaging for medulloblastoma patients should potentially include systemic surveillance in addition to routine neuroimaging.