tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for onset and remission of atopy, wheeze, and airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: W Xuan
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Background: Although many children with asthma may have a remission as they grow and other children who did not have asthma may develop asthma in adult life, knowledge about the factors that influence the onset and prognosis of asthma during adolescence and young adulthood is very limited. Methods: A cohort of 8–10 year old children (n=718) living in Belmont, New South Wales, Australia were surveyed six times at 2 yearly intervals from 1982 to 1992, and then again 5 years later in 1997. From this cohort, 498 subjects had between three and seven assessments and were included in the analysis. Atopy, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and wheeze in the last 12 months were measured at each survey. Late onset, remission, and persistence were defined based on characteristics at the initial survey and the changes in characteristics at the follow up surveys. Results: The proportion of subjects with late onset atopy (13.7%) and wheeze (12.4%) was greater than the proportion with remission of atopy (3.2%) and wheeze (5.6%). Having atopy at age 8–12 years (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.1) and having a parental history of asthma (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.13) were significant risk factors for the onset of wheeze. Having AHR at age 8–12 years was a significant risk factor for the persistence of wheeze (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 15.0). Female sex (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.60) was a significant risk factor for late onset AHR whereas male sex (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8) was a significant risk factor for late onset atopy. Conclusions: The onset of AHR is uncommon during adolescence, but the risk of acquiring atopy and recent wheeze for the first time continues during this period. Atopy, particularly present at the age of 8–10 years, predicts the subsequent onset of wheeze.
Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling: An Integration of the Best Features of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Herbert W. Marsh, Alexandre J.S. Morin, Philip D. Parker, Gurvinder Kaur
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2013)

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), path analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) have long histories in clinical research. Although CFA has largely superseded EFA, CFAs of multidimensional constructs typically fail to meet standards of good measurement: goodness of fit, measurement invariance, lack of differential item functioning, and well-differentiated factors in support of discriminant validity. Part of the problem is undue reliance on overly restrictive CFAs in which each item loads on only one factor. Exploratory SEM (ESEM), an overarching integration of the best aspects of CFA/SEM and traditional EFA, provides confirmatory tests of a priori factor structures, relations between latent factors and multigroup/multioccasion tests of full (mean structure) measurement invariance. It incorporates all combinations of CFA factors, ESEM factors, covariates, grouping/multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) variables, latent growth, and complex structures that typically have required CFA/SEM. ESEM has broad applicability to clinical studies that are not appropriately addressed either by traditional EFA or CFA/SEM.
It there a role for lifestyle pulmonary rehabilitation programme
Authors: Dennis Wat, Amanda Mavers, Lyndsey Wigglesworth, Linda Jones, Kamlesh Mohan, Sarah Haines
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: The benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) in COPD are unquestionable. Traditional PR utilises a treadmill or stationary cycle and is repetitive with high drop out rate. Multiple barriers to completion include poor access to transport and poor patient motivation. Completion rate in our region has previously been reported as 15%. To address this issue, we have incorporated ‘lifestyle’ options including aerobics, cycling groups, yoga, dancing, aqua aerobics, Nintendo Wii sessions in conjunction with the traditional exercises that are held in community venues from August 2011.

Aims: To evaluate the completion rate, patient perception of this innovative programme and its impact on functional and psychological status.

Methods: Retrospective review of data was performed between January and December 2012: PR completion rate, pre- and post-rehab shuttle walk test, HAD anxiety and depression scores. Patient perception of the programme was evaluated via satisfaction survey.

Results: 336 patients commenced PR (completion rate of 65.8%). Overall improvement in shuttle walk test result, reduction in HAD anxiety and depression scores post-rehab were noted, but no change in the overall MRC dyspnoea scores. 100% of patients met their expectations and achieved their goals set pre-rehab; 79% found the programme helpful and 96% found the service easy to access.

Conclusion: The improved completion rate may be related to the ‘lifestyle’ exercises being novel and enjoyable. Importantly, they also appeared to improve patients’ functional and psychological status that is akin to the traditional format. A randomised control study comparing ‘traditional’ and ‘lifestyle’ programmes is underway to evaluate their difference.
Immune responses of patients to orf virus infection
Authors: D.L. YIRRELL, J.P. VESTEY, M. NORVAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Orf is a disease of sheep and goats which is caused by a parapox virus. It can be transmitted to human.s, and is considered an occupational hazard by those handling sheep. In this paper we present the first report of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to naturally acquired orf virus infection in humans. Lymphoproliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients to an orf virus antigen were vigorous soon after infection, but rapidly declined. Orf virus antibody levels, detected by KLISA, were shown to rise during infection. Western blot analysis confirmed this, and demonstrated that the antibody produced in response to the infection was directed against the 40-kDa viral surface tubule protein. Where direct comparisons were possible, the immune response of humans to orf virus infection was similar to that previously reported for sheep. Evidence was obtained suggesting that prior exposure to vaccinia virus (smallpox vaccination) provided no protection from subsequent orf virus infection. In addition, orf virus infection did not enhance immune responses to vaccinia virus antigens.
Pancreatic Acinar Cell Damage Induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide and 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline- 1-oxide2
Authors: Yoichi Konishi, James A. Popp, Hisashi Shinozuka
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

A single, intraperitoneal injection of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide or 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide (4HAQO) induced severe pancreatic acinar-cell necrosis in rats within 24 and 48 hours. The severity of necrosis was dose dependent. With a lower dose of either agent, the lesions tended to localize in the subcapsular region of the pancreas and periphery of the lobules. An intravenous injection of 4HAQO caused diffuse involvement of the pancreas, with necrosis of scattered acinar cells throughout the lobules. Neither agent induced any significant histologic alterations of the liver, though necrosis of salivary gland acinar cells was consistently observed.
Utilization of arachidonic and linoleic acids by cultured human endothelial cells.
Authors: A A Spector, T L Kaduce, J C Hoak, G L Fry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

When cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells are supplemented with linoleic acid, the arachidonic acid content of the cellular phospholipids is reduced approximately 35%. Most of the fatty acid compositional change occurs during the first 24 h. One factor responsible for this effect is the inability of the endothelial cells to convert appreciable amounts of linoleic to arachidonic acid, due to a fatty acid delta 6-desaturase deficiency. By contrast, these endothelial cultures contain delta 5- and delta 9-desaturase activity and are able to elongate long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The other factor that contributes to the decrease in arachidonic acid is that high concentrations of linoleic acid reduce the incorporation of arachidonate into cellular phospholipids. Stearic acid, a long-chain saturate, does not produce any reduction, whereas eicosatrienoic acid is an even more effective inhibitor than linoleic acid. In spite of the fact that high concentrations of these polyunsaturates produced inhibition, the endothelial cells were found to efficiently incorporate exogenous arachidonic acid into cellular phospholipids and triglycerides. This may serve to compensate for the inability of these cells to synthesize arachidonic acid from linoleic acid. These findings suggest that the endothelium obtains arachidonic acid from an extracellular source, that this cannot be provided in the form of linoleic acid and, in fact, that high concentrations of linoleic acid actually may interfere with the ability of the endothelium to maintain an adequate supply of intracellular arachidonic acid.
Female hospital doctors find it harder than GPs to balance career and family
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Female GPs are far more likely to have children than female hospital doctors.

More than 80% of female GPs had children, compared with 49% of hospital doctors, according to a new study, which also found that six out of 10 female GPs chose general practice because they felt it involved working fewer hours.

The study's authors say that their findings highlight the need for employers to take prompt action to help women balance a successful career and family life ( Family Practice 2003;20:486-8).

The authors, from the University of Birmingham's Department of Primary Care …
Stimulation of renin release from rabbit renal cortex by arachidonic acid and prostaglandin endoperoxides.
Authors: P C Webber, C Larsson, E Anggard, M Hamberg, E J Corey, K C Nicolaou, B Samuelsson
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The mechanism by which renal prostaglandins stimulate renin secretion in vivo is unknown. In this in vitro study we measured the effects of activation of the prostaglandin (PG) system on renin release from slices of rabbit renal cortex. The PG precursor arachidonic acid (C20:4), a natural PG endoperoxide (PGG2), two stable synthetic PG endoperoxide analogues (EPA I and II), PGE2, PGF2alpha, and two different PG synthesis inhibitors [indomethacin and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETA)] were used to evaluate the possibility of a direct action of the cortical PG system on renin secretion. Renin release increased significantly with time after addition of C20:4, PGG2, EPA I, and EPA II to the incubation medium. Stimulation of renin release was se-related for C20:4 in concentrations of 0.6 to 4.5 X 10(-6) M, for EPA I in concentrations of 0.7 to 2.8 X 10(-6) M, and for EPA II in concentrations of 1.4 to 14.0 X 10(-6) M. Indomethacin (10(-4) M) and ETA (10(-4) M) significantly decreased basal renin release as well as the renin release stimulated by C20:4 and EPA I. PGE2(10(-12) to 10(-6) M) had no effect on renin release, whereas PGF2alpha (10(-12) to 10(-6) M) decreased renin release in a dose-dependent manner. These data raise the possibility of a direct action of the renal cortical PG system on renin secretion. The results further indicate that stimulation of renin release by C20:4 may depend more specifically on the action of PG endoperoxides than on the primary prostaglandins.
Hypoxia Causes Downregulation of Protein and RNA Synthesis in Noncontracting Mammalian Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Tammy M. Casey, Julian L. Pakay, Michael Guppy, Peter G. Arthur
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

The aim was to identify energy-consuming processes, other than contraction, downregulated during moderate hypoxia (≈5 μmol/L, 0.5% O 2 ) and severe hypoxia (&lt;0.5 μmol/L, &lt;0.05% O 2 ) in isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes. The metabolic response of cardiomyocytes to moderate and severe hypoxia was assessed by measuring rates of energy consumption and energetic status of cells maintained under these conditions. We found that the rates of energy production were decreased during both forms of hypoxia. Decreased rates of energy production under moderate hypoxia were associated with reduced energy wastage through a downregulation of proton leak in the mitochondria. Cellular protein synthesis and RNA synthesis, major energy-consuming pathways, were downregulated only during severe hypoxia, when oxygen concentrations were low enough to induce energetic stress (quantitatively defined as being any situation in which phosphocreatine concentrations had fallen by ≥40%). Our results suggest that energetic stress is the signal responsible for this downregulation.
The long term effects of different training models on power, speed, ability and anaerobic capacity of 13-16 years old female basket ball players
Authors: Gürkan Yilmaz, Rüçhan İri, M Serdar Çözeli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The aim of this study is to investigate the 16-week different training models in terms of power, speed, ability and aerobic capacity in 13–16 years old female basketball players. 20 female basketball players are divided into two groups as ‘power endurance’ and ‘general endurance’. Different 90-min training models are applied to both groups 3 days a week throughout 16 weeks. The 1st group (power endurance – PE) is applied interval training method and the 2nd (general endurance – GE) group is applied permanent runs method. The groups in the study are applied 20-m speed run, squat jump, countermovement jump and running-based aerobic speed run before and after the exercises. Paired-samples t test is done for arithmetical mean, SD and the evaluation between groups, and non-parametric test. Mann–Whitney U test is done for the comparison of the two groups. A significant difference is found in the assessment of EÖ and ES, grouped shuttle test in PE group and the 5th run of the 35-m running test while there is no significant difference (p&gt;0.005) in the other values. In the GE group, a significant difference in favour of ES is seen in valid shoot test, 2nd run, 5th run and 6th run. In the evaluation of the groups, significant differences have been found in favour of shoots after exercise, grouped shuttle test, valid shoot test, run tests, 1st and 2nd run tests before and after exercise, and ES PE after 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th runs. In conclusion, initial power and speed values have been kept in both training models. Aerobic capacity and ability have increased in PE groups. Thus, it can be suggested that the application of interval training method besides cardiovascular and metabolic specific factors in the improvement of endurance in children may be useful.
FROM CONTENT TO CONTEXT: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOOTYFIRST PROGRAM TO PREVENT LOWER LIMB INJURIES IN COMMUNITY AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALL
Authors: A Donaldson, D Lloyd, W Young, G Barbery, J Cook, B Gabbe, CF Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Developing injury prevention programs for community sport is challenging. The injury issues and interventions must be grounded in science and be both meaningful to, and implementable by, those involved in community sport. Objective This presentation will detail the multi-stage iterative process used to develop FootyFirst, a community-Australian Football (AF) specific lower limb injury prevention program. Design The scientific literature, clinical experience, expert and end-user consultations, community trials, theory-informed discussion, and graphic design and editorial expertise, were combined to develop FootyFirst. Setting Community-AF. Results Lower limb injuries were identified as the major injury concern and it was established that a combination of balance and control, eccentric hamstring, plyometric and strength exercises could be efficacious in preventing such injuries. The multi-disciplinary research team used evidence from the scientific literature, clinical experience and knowledge of the community-AF context in an iterative process to create and trial the exercises and progressions that were included in the first draft of FootyFirst. This draft was further refined through a Delphi process in which AF-specific lower limb injury prevention experts agreed on the appropriateness of including the proposed exercises in FootyFirst. Potential end-user groups (community-AF players, coaches, fitness coaches, sports trainers and administrators) provided feedback about the fit between FootyFirst and the implementation context including potential barriers and facilitators to widespread program adoption and implementation. Trials of FootyFirst were conducted to ensure it could be understood and delivered by community-AF coaches and completed by players. The research team then reviewed the entire program during discussions focused around the Diffusion of Innovations principles of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability before expert graphic designers and editors were engaged to develop FootyFirst resources. Conclusions The content-to-context process detailed in this presentation was successfully used to develop FootyFirst, an evidence-informed, expert-endorsed, context-specific community-AF lower limb injury prevention program.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Sardinia
Authors: Cinzia Murgia, Rachele Berria, Luigi Minerba, Barbara Malloci, Claudia Daniele, Pierina Zedda, M. Giovanna Ciccotto, Simonetta Sulis, Michela Murenu, Franco Tiddia, Mario Manai, Gian Benedetto Melis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) ranges from 1 to 14% of all pregnancies, depending on the population studied and the diagnostic test and its glycemic cutoff, and it mirrors the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (1). The prevalence of GDM in Italy was reported to be 2.3–10% (2).

Sardinia has, with Finland, the highest prevalence in the world of type 1 diabetes and type 1 diabetes–related autoimmune disease (3), while the …
Assessing Clinical Skills of Residents with Standardized Patients
Authors: PAULA L. STILLMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Current techniques do not provide a reproducible, reliable, or valid basis for assessing clinical skills. The need for large-scale direct observation and standardized assessment procedures has precluded development of better techniques. A project using standardized patients presenting with common clinical problems evaluated the skills of 336 internal medicine residents at 14 New England residency programs in 1289 standardized patient and resident encounters. Results indicated that reproducible assessment of the clinical skills could be achieved in approximately 1 day of testing time using standardized patients. Resident performance improved with years of training, and senior residents and those from programs with stronger reputations performed better and were more homogeneous in ability. Low correlations between standardized-patient-based measures of clinical skills and other evaluation techniques suggested that standardized patients provided unique information. Reactions of residents and faculty to standardized-patient-based evaluations were favorable.
Complete Regression of Metastatic Cervical Cancer After Treatment With Human Papillomavirus–Targeted Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells
Authors: Sanja Stevanović, Lindsey M. Draper, Michelle M. Langhan, Tracy E. Campbell, Mei Li Kwong, John R. Wunderlich, Mark E. Dudley, James C. Yang, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, Nicholas P. Restifo, Steven A. Rosenberg, Christian S. Hinrichs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose Metastatic cervical cancer is a prototypical chemotherapy-refractory epithelial malignancy for which better treatments are needed. Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) is emerging as a promising cancer treatment, but its study in epithelial malignancies has been limited. This study was conducted to determine if ACT could mediate regression of metastatic cervical cancer. Patients and Methods Patients enrolled onto this protocol were diagnosed with metastatic cervical cancer and had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Patients were treated with a single infusion of tumor-infiltrating T cells selected when possible for human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 reactivity (HPV-TILs). Cell infusion was preceded by lymphocyte-depleting chemotherapy and was followed by administration of aldesleukin. Results Three of nine patients experienced objective tumor responses (two complete responses and one partial response). The two complete responses were ongoing 22 and 15 months after treatment, respectively. One partial response was 3 months in duration. The HPV reactivity of T cells in the infusion product (as measured by interferon gamma production, enzyme-linked immunospot, and CD137 upregulation assays) correlated positively with clinical response (P = .0238 for all three assays). In addition, the frequency of HPV-reactive T cells in peripheral blood 1 month after treatment was positively associated with clinical response (P = .0238). Conclusion Durable, complete regression of metastatic cervical cancer can occur after a single infusion of HPV-TILs. Exploratory studies suggest a correlation between HPV reactivity of the infusion product and clinical response. Continued investigation of this therapy is warranted.
A rational approach to melanoma follow-up in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma
Authors: None DICKER, None KAVANAGH, None HERD, None AHMAD, None MCLAREN, None CHETTY, None HUNTER FOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article A rational approach to melanoma follow‐up in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma Get access T.J. DICKER, T.J. DICKER University Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.M. KAVANAGH, G.M. KAVANAGH University Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. HERD, R.M. HERD University Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. AHMAD, T. AHMAD Plastic Surgery Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.M. MCLAREN, K.M. MCLAREN Pathology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. CHETTY, U. CHETTY Surgery, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh NHS Trust, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A.A. HUNTER, J.A.A. HUNTER University Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar FOR ON BEHALF OF THE SCOTTISH MELANOMA GROUP FOR ON BEHALF OF THE SCOTTISH MELANOMA GROUP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 2, 1 February 1999, Pages 249–254, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02657.x Published: 01 February 1999