tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parasite stress, ethnocentrism, and life history strategy
Authors: Aurelio José Figueredo, Paul Robert Gladden, Candace Jasmine Black
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Fincher &amp; Thornhill (F&amp;T) present a compelling argument that parasite stress underlies certain cultural practices promoting assortative sociality. However, we suggest that the theoretical framework proposed is limited in several ways, and that life history theory provides a more explanatory and inclusive framework, making more specific predictions about the trade-offs faced by organisms in the allocation of bioenergetic and material resources.
<i>TP53</i>Mutations and Survival in Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: M. Luana Poeta, Judith Manola, Meredith A. Goldwasser, Arlene Forastiere, Nicole Benoit, Joseph A. Califano, John A. Ridge, Jarrard Goodwin, Daniel Kenady, John Saunders, William Westra, David Sidransky, Wayne M. Koch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The abrogation of function of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 as a result of mutation of its gene, TP53, is one of the most common genetic alterations in cancer cells. We evaluated TP53 mutations and survival in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck.A total of 560 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck who were treated surgically with curative intent were enrolled in our prospective multicenter, 7-year study. TP53 mutations were analyzed in DNA from the tumor specimens with the use of the Affymetrix p53 chip and the Surveyor DNA endonuclease and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. Mutations were classified into two groups, disruptive and nondisruptive, according to the degree of disturbance of protein structure predicted from the crystal structure of the p53-DNA complexes. TP53 mutational status was compared with clinical outcome.TP53 mutations were found in tumors from 224 of 420 patients (53.3%). As compared with wild-type TP53, the presence of any TP53 mutation was associated with decreased overall survival (hazard ratio for death, 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 1.8; P=0.009), with an even stronger association with disruptive mutations (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.4; P<0.001) and no significant association with nondisruptive mutations (hazard ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.7; P=0.16). In multivariate analyses a disruptive TP53 alteration, as compared with the absence of a TP53 mutation, had an independent, significant association with decreased survival (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.4; P=0.003).Disruptive TP53 mutations in tumor DNA are associated with reduced survival after surgical treatment of squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Phase III Study of Valspodar (PSC 833) Combined With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Compared With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Alone in Patients With Stage IV or Suboptimally Debulked Stage III Epithelial Ovarian Cancer or Primary Peritoneal Cancer
Authors: Catherine Lhommé, Florence Joly, Joan L. Walker, Andrea A. Lissoni, Maria O. Nicoletto, Gregory M. Manikhas, Mark M.O. Baekelandt, Alan N. Gordon, Paula M. Fracasso, William L. Mietlowski, Gary J. Jones, Margaret H. Dugan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To compare the safety and efficacy of carboplatin and paclitaxel administered with or without the multidrug resistance modulator valspodar (PSC 833) in untreated patients with advanced ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer.Seven hundred sixty-two patients with stage IV or suboptimally debulked stage III ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer were randomly assigned to receive either valspodar 5 mg/kg every 6 hours for 12 doses, paclitaxel 80 mg/m(2), and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 6 (PC-PSC; n = 381) or paclitaxel 175 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC 6 (PC; n = 381). Time to disease progression (TTP) was the primary end point. Secondary end points were overall survival time (OS), response rate (RR), safety, and tolerability.With a median follow-up of 736 days (range, 1 to 2,280 days), the median TTP was 13.2 and 13.5 months in the PC-PSC and PC groups, respectively (P = .67); the median OS was 32 and 28.9 months, respectively (P = .94). The overall RR was higher in the PC group (41.5% v 33.6%; P = .02). Central and peripheral nervous system and GI toxicities were more common in the PC-PSC group. Ataxia occurred in 53.5% and 3.2% of PC-PSC-and PC-treated patients, respectively. Febrile neutropenia occurred more frequently in the PC-PSC group. More PC-PSC-treated patients discontinued therapy because of adverse events (AEs), experienced serious AEs, and required paclitaxel dose reductions.The addition of valspodar to PC did not improve TTP or OS and was more toxic compared with PC in untreated patients with advanced ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer.
An attachment perspective on psychopathology
Authors: MARIO MIKULINCER, PHILIP R. SHAVER
Journal: World Psychiatry (2012)

In recent years, attachment theory, which was originally formulated to describe and explain infant-parent emotional bonding, has been applied to the study of adolescent and adult romantic relationships and then to the study of psychological processes, such as interpersonal functioning, emotion regulation, coping with stress, and mental health. In this paper, we offer a brief overview of the attachment perspective on psychopathology. Following a brief account of attachment theory, we go on to explain how the study of individual differences in adult attachment intersects with the study of psychopathology. Specifically, we review research findings showing that attachment insecurity is a major contributor to mental disorders, and that the enhancement of attachment security can facilitate amelioration of psychopathology.
Phase I study of Aplidine in a daily×5 one-hour infusion every 3 weeks in patients with solid tumors refractory to standard therapy. A National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group study: NCIC CTG IND 115
Authors: J.A. Maroun, K. Belanger, L. Seymour, S. Matthews, J. Roach, J. Dionne, D. Soulieres, D. Stewart, R. Goel, D. Charpentier, G. Goss, E. Tomiak, J. Yau, J. Jimeno, G. Chiritescu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Impaired Impulse Propagation in <i>Scn5a</i> -Knockout Mice
Authors: Toon A.B. van Veen, Mera Stein, Anne Royer, Khaï Le Quang, Flavien Charpentier, William H. Colledge, Christopher L.-H. Huang, Ronald Wilders, Andrew A. Grace, Denis Escande, Jacques M.T. de Bakker, Harold V.M. van Rijen
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The SCN5A sodium channel is a major determinant for cardiac impulse propagation. We used epicardial mapping of the atria, ventricles, and septae to investigate conduction velocity (CV) in Scn5a heterozygous young and old mice.Mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) young (3 to 4 months) wild-type littermates (WT); (2) young heterozygous Scn5a-knockout mice (HZ); (3) old (12 to 17 months) WT; and (4) old HZ. In young HZ hearts, CV in the right but not the left ventricle was reduced in agreement with a rightward rotation in the QRS axes; fibrosis was virtually absent in both ventricles, and the pattern of connexin43 (Cx43) expression was similar to that of WT mice. In old WT animals, the right ventricle transversal CV was slightly reduced and was associated with interstitial fibrosis. In old HZ hearts, right and left ventricle CVs were severely reduced both in the transversal and longitudinal direction; multiple areas of severe reactive fibrosis invaded the myocardium, accompanied by markedly altered Cx43 expression. The right and left bundle-branch CVs were comparable to those of WT animals. The atria showed only mild fibrosis, with heterogeneously disturbed Cx40 and Cx43 expression.A 50% reduction in Scn5a expression alone or age-related interstitial fibrosis only slightly affects conduction. In aged HZ mice, reduced Scn5a expression is accompanied by the presence of reactive fibrosis and disarrangement of gap junctions, which results in profound conduction impairment.
Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer: New Insights into Subclassification and Targeting
Authors: Jean J. Zhao, Daniel P. Silver
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Classification schemes for disease states can help identify distinctions with useful implications for therapy and prognosis. Speers and colleagues provide a new subclassification scheme for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer based upon kinome-wide gene expression profiling with interesting findings that are potentially relevant for both treatment and clinical outcome. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(20):6309–10)
The CD4 molecule is not always required for the T cell response to bacterial enterotoxins.
Authors: R P Sékaly, G Croteau, M Bowman, P Scholl, S Burakoff, R S Geha
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

T cells respond in a V beta-restricted fashion to bacterial enterotoxins bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. The requirement for CD4 in MHC class II-restricted T cell responses is very well established. We have assessed the role of CD4 in the T cell response to the bacterial enterotoxins Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEB, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1. Three CD4- murine T cell hybridomas were transfected with the human CD4 molecule and assayed for interleukin 2 production in the presence of accessory cells bearing human MHC class II molecules and of the appropriate enterotoxin. The results clearly indicate that CD4- cells responded even to suboptimal concentrations of enterotoxin(s) equally well as CD4+ cells. Furthermore, expression of CD4 did not result in the acquisition of previously undetectable reactivity to enterotoxins. These results suggest that unlike the case with antigen-specific responses, formation of a T cell receptor-CD3/CD4 supramolecular complex is not always essential for T cell activation by bacterial enterotoxins.
Effect of tumour necrosis factor antagonists on serum transaminases and viraemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: J R Peterson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) antagonists are effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but concerns remain about the safety of these agents in the presence of chronic infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.To examine the influence of treatment with TNF alpha antagonists on levels of HCV viraemia and serum transaminases in patients with RA and HCV.In a retrospective survey the course of 16 HCV infected patients with RA who had received the TNF alpha antagonists etanercept or infliximab was analysed. Eight additional patients with RA and HCV were also enrolled into a three month prospective trial of etanercept. Serum concentrations of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and HCV were followed.Viraemia was measured in 22 patients receiving a TNF alpha antagonist at the start of treatment and after 1-34 months (median 9 months follow up). Twenty four patients had serial tests of liver related enzymes and albumin. None of the differences between liver related tests at baseline and at follow up achieved significance (p>0.05). Similarly, the mean HCV measurement at 1-3, 4-6, 7-12, and 13-34 months did not differ significantly from baseline (p>0.05).In this study, liver related blood tests and HCV viral load measurements did not change substantially. These findings suggest that TNF alpha antagonists merit further study for the treatment of RA in HCV infected patients. Larger and longer term studies are still needed.
Initial Patient Characteristics Can Predict Pattern and Risk of Relapse in Localized Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Tobias M. Dantonello, Christoph Int-Veen, Peter Winkler, Ivo Leuschner, Andreas Schuck, Bernhard F. Schmidt, Helmut Lochbuehler, Sylvia Kirsch, Erika Hallmen, Iris Veit-Friedrich, Stefan S. Bielack, Felix Niggli, Bernarda Kazanowska, Ruth Ladenstein, Thomas Wiebe, Thomas Klingebiel, Joern Treuner, Ewa Koscielniak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Evaluation of primary tumor-, treatment-, and patient-related factors predicting relapse pattern, risk, and survival after relapse with the aim to design a risk-adapted, tumor-directed surveillance program for patients with localized rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).One thousand one hundred sixty-four patients with nonmetastatic RMS achieved complete remission at the end of multimodal therapy in the consecutive trials of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS)-81, CWS-86, CWS-91, and CWS-96 between 1980 and 2002 (median follow-up, 5 years). Three hundred thirty-seven of these individuals developed either locoregional, metastatic, or combined relapses. Predictive factors for relapse, its pattern, and postrelapse survival were analyzed.Age, histology, tumor size, tumor site, postsurgical stage, and omission of radiotherapy were identified as factors associated with an increased relapse risk in multivariate analyses. Relapse rates did not differ among the CWS trials. Median time to relapse was 1.43 years from first diagnosis (range, 0.13 to 13.5 years). There were 217 locoregional, 72 metastatic, and 48 combined recurrences. Only two patients developed metastases more than 4 years after diagnosis, and both had combined recurrences. Five-year postrelapse survival was 24%. Patient subsets with consistent relapse pattern, risk, and postrelapse survival rates were identified on the basis of histologic subtype and tumor size.Initial patient and tumor characteristics predict pattern and risk of relapse and also correlate with postrelapse survival probabilities. In localized RMS, tumor-directed follow-up should focus on the primary site. Screening for metastatic relapse may not be necessary more than 4 years after diagnosis. The identification of subgroups with distinctive pattern and risk of relapse may be used to develop risk-adapted, tumor-directed guidance for detection of recurrent disease in localized RMS.
Dietary Sodium and Cardiovascular Health in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Michael H. Alderman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

ABSTRACT. Salt and BP have been linked for more than a century. Recent data indicate that, given free access to sodium, in most populations, intake is between 100 and 200 mmol/d, although individual variation is wide. There is good evidence that individual differences are influenced by genetics, environment, and behavior. There is also solid clinical trial data suggesting that substantial reduction in sodium intake (75 to 100 mmol/d) will, on average, lower diastolic pressure by approximately 1 mmHg and systolic by approximately 3 to 5 mmHg. In addition, there is good evidence that sodium restriction is accompanied by other hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic effects. The health effect of sodium restriction can be assessed only by outcome study in humans. The best available evidence in this regard derives from observational study. The several available studies in the general population are inconsistent and demonstrate heterogeneity across subgroups in the relation of sodium intake to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Only a single study has been reported in hypertensive patients that links baseline sodium, measured by 24-h urinary excretion, and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes. In that study, controlling for other risk factors, there was a significant, independent, inverse association of urinary sodium excretion and coronary morbidity and mortality. Indeed, an increase of 66 mmol/24 h was associated with a 36% reduction in events. Taken together, these data provide no support for the notion that either normotensive or hypertensive individuals should routinely decrease (or increase) dietary sodium intake.
Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis in a Man
Authors: MARIE-CHRISTINE AUBRY, JEFFREY L. MYERS, JAY H. RYU, ELIZABETH PETRI HENSKE, HELEN LOGGINIDOU, SYED M. JALAL, HENRY D. TAZELAAR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<CASE REPORTMETHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Aortic regurgitation in seropositive juvenile arthritis.
Authors: A.M Leak, M.W Millar-Craig, B.M Ansell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Seropositive juvenile chronic arthritis is a relatively uncommon form of childhood arthritis, but it often causes severe destruction of joints associated with considerable functional disability. During the last 7 years lone aortic regurgitation has been seen to develop in 4 such patients and pursue a particularly aggressive course. Sudden deterioration occurred in 2, 1 of whom required urgent aortic valve replacement and 1 died while awaiting assessment. Because of this it is important to include regular cardiac appraisal as part of the routine assessment in seropositive juvenile arthritis.
SLFN14 mutations underlie thrombocytopenia with excessive bleeding and platelet secretion defects
Authors: Sarah J. Fletcher, Ben Johnson, Gillian C. Lowe, Danai Bem, Sian Drake, Marie Lordkipanidzé, Isabel Sánchez Guiú, Ban Dawood, José Rivera, Michael A. Simpson, Martina E. Daly, Jayashree Motwani, Peter W. Collins, Steve P. Watson, Neil V. Morgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Inherited thrombocytopenias are a group of disorders that are characterized by a low platelet count and are sometimes associated with excessive bleeding that ranges from mild to severe. We evaluated 36 unrelated patients and 17 family members displaying thrombocytopenia that were recruited to the UK Genotyping and Phenotyping of Platelets (GAPP) study. All patients had a history of excessive bleeding of unknown etiology. We performed platelet phenotyping and whole-exome sequencing (WES) on all patients and identified mutations in schlafen 14 (SLFN14) in 12 patients from 3 unrelated families. Patients harboring SLFN14 mutations displayed an analogous phenotype that consisted of moderate thrombocytopenia, enlarged platelets, decreased ATP secretion, and a dominant inheritance pattern. Three heterozygous missense mutations were identified in affected family members and predicted to encode substitutions (K218E, K219N, and V220D) within an ATPase-AAA-4, GTP/ATP-binding region of SLFN14. Endogenous SLFN14 expression was reduced in platelets from all patients, and mutant SLFN14 expression was markedly decreased compared with that of WT SLFN14 when overexpressed in transfected cells. Electron microscopy revealed a reduced number of dense granules in affected patients platelets, correlating with a decreased ATP secretion observed in lumiaggregometry studies. These results identify SLFN14 mutations as cause for an inherited thrombocytopenia with excessive bleeding, outlining a fundamental role for SLFN14 in platelet formation and function.
Expanding the spectrum of recombination-activating gene 1 deficiency: A family with early-onset autoimmunity
Authors: Lauren A. Henderson, Francesco Frugoni, Gregory Hopkins, Helen de Boer, Sung-Yun Pai, Yu Nee Lee, Jolan E. Walter, Melissa M. Hazen, Luigi D. Notarangelo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Visual awareness relies on exogenous orienting of attention: Evidence from unilateral neglect
Authors: Paolo Bartolomeo, Sylvie Chokron
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Unilateral neglect stems from a relatively selective impairment of exogenous, or stimulus-related, orienting of attention. This neuropsychological evidence parallels “change blindness” experiments, in which normal individuals lack awareness of salient details in the visual scene as a consequence of their attention being exogenously attracted by a competing event, suggesting that visual consciousness requires the integrity of exogenous orienting of attention.
PWE-028 Patient Comfort And Sedation And Analgesic Practices During Colonoscopy In The English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: A Ball, SA Riley
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colonoscopy frequently causes discomfort and a range of medications are used to improve the patient experience. The relationship between medication use and patient comfort, however, is complex and subject to a number of potential biases. We sought to describe the relationship between patient comfort and medication use within the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP). <h3>Methods</h3> Procedural information for colonoscopy examinations performed within the English BCSP is prospectively entered into a national database. Comfort is independently rated by a specialist screening practitioner (SSP) using the Modified Gloucester Comfort Scale (no, minimal, mild, moderate and severe). We studied significant patient discomfort (moderate or severe) and medication usage for colonoscopists performing over 100 examinations between January 2010 and December 2012. Comparisons were made using the χ2 test and correlations were analysed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. <h3>Results</h3> During the period of the study 113,316 examinations were performed by 290 endoscopists. Significant discomfort occurred during 8.9% of colonoscopy examinations but there was variation between individual colonoscopists (median 8.1%, IQR 5.0–12.6%, range 0.8–23.9%). Significant discomfort was more common in females (12.7 vs. 6.1%, odds ratio (OR) 2.24), patients with diverticulosis (11.8% vs. 8.7%, OR 1.34), incomplete examinations (37.3 vs. 7.9%, OR 6.8), inadequate bowel preparation (13.5 vs. 9.6%, OR 1.4) and screening rather than surveillance colonoscopies (9.1 vs. 7.4%, OR 1.24). Midazolam was administered during 87.8% and opiate analgesia during 87.3% of procedures. There was wide variation between colonoscopists in the proportion of examinations in which midazolam (median use 95.1%, IQR 81.8–97.8%, range 4.1% &gt;100%) and opiate analgesia (median use 97.3, IQR 85.0–99.2%, range 5.6–100%) were used. Reversal agents were rarely used (8 in 10,000). Entonox was administered during 7.5% of examinations but most who administered it did so in a minority of their procedures (median use 0.7%, IQR 0–8.2%, range 0–98.9%). 4.7% of patients underwent medication-free colonoscopy. General anaesthesia was rarely used (0.5%). There were no significant correlations between the amount or proportion of medication used by colonoscopists and the comfort of their patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Most colonoscopy examinations were performed without causing significant discomfort. Although most colonoscopists used intravenous medication those who used less medication were no more likely to cause significant discomfort. Appropriate use of medication to achieve comfortable procedures while minimising risk and inconvenience remains an important focus for future research. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.