tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MTA2 promotes gastric cancer cells invasion and is transcriptionally regulated by Sp1
Authors: Chenfei Zhou, Jun Ji, Qu Cai, Min Shi, Xuehua Chen, Yingyan Yu, Bingya Liu, Zhenggang Zhu, Jun Zhang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

Abstract Background MTA2 gene belongs to metastasis associated family, and is highly expressed in some solid tumors, including gastric cancer. Its biological function in gastric cancer is currently undefined. Methods Metastasis-associated tumor gene family 2 (MTA2) and transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression were detected in 127 gastric cancer samples by immunohistochemistry staining. SGC-7901 and AGS gastric cancer cell lines transfected by MTA2 shRNA was used for biological function investigation. Binding and regulation activities of Sp1 on MTA2 promoter were investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter gene. Results The expression rate of MTA2 in gastric cancer tissues was 55.9% (71/127), and its expression was closely related to the depth of tumor invasion, lymph nodes metastasis, and TNM staging. MTA2 knockdown in human SGC-7901 and AGS gastric cancer cells significantly inhibited migration and invasion in vitro , and disrupted structure of cytoskeleton. MTA2 knockdown also attenuated xenografts growth and lung metastasis in nude mice model. MTA2 expression was positively correlated with transcription factor Sp1 in gastric cancer tissues ( r = 0.326, P &lt; 0.001). Sp1 bound to human MTA2 gene promoter at region from -1043 bp to -843 bp. Transcriptional activity of MTA2 promoter could be enhanced by Sp1 overexpression. Conclusions MTA2 knockdown impairs invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells, and attenuates xenografts growth in vivo . Sp1 regulates MTA2 expression at transcriptional level.
Oxidative stress and uremia
Authors: Fulvio Floccari, Carmela Aloisi, Eleonora Crascì, Tito Sofi, Susanna Campo, Donatella Tripodo, Manila Criseo, Nicola Frisina, Michele Buemi
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2005)

Abstract Oxidative stress is a pathogenic element of great importance in uremic patients, with a great impact on their survival. The cause of oxidative stress in patients on hemodialysis is traditionally attributed to the recurrent activation of polymorphonucleate neutrophils and monocytes. The effects of oxidative stress are evident on all biochemical components of biological tissues: lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. This study briefly reviews the effects of different dialytic techniques and of kidney transplant on several parameters of oxidative stress. Many different modalities of pharmaceutical intervention are then analyzed, and the clinical evidences reported. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isometric cervical muscle strength mitigates head impact severity
Authors: Julianne Denice Schmidt, Kevin M Guskiewicz, Jason P Mihalik
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective To compare the risk of sustaining a mild, moderate, and severe head impact between athletes with high and low isometric cervical strength. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Clinic/On-field. Participants Twenty-one collegiate American football players. Interventions Isometric strength was measured prior to the season using a handheld dynamometer in four directions: flexion, anterolateral-flexion, rotation, and posterolateral-extension. Participants completed three 3 s trials. We used the Head Impact Telemetry System to record head impact biomechanics (N=8649 head impacts) at practices and games. Main Outcome Measurements Peak force values were averaged across trials and sides and then normalised to body mass. Players were categorised as either high or low performers based on a 50th percentile cut-off separately for each direction and for composite strength (sum across each direction). Using previous values, each head impact was categorised as mild (linear acceleration ≤66 g), moderate (&gt;66 g or &lt;106 g), or severe (≥106 g). The risk of sustaining mild, moderate, and severe head impact between high- and low-strength athletes were computed using risk ratios. Results Players with low flexion, posterolateral-extension, and composite strength had a greater risk of sustaining moderate (RR=2.0, 1.8, 1.6, respectively) and severe (RR=1.6, 1.1, 1.2, respectively) impacts. Players with weaker anterolateral-flexors had a reduced risk of sustaining moderate (RR=0.8) and severe (RR=0.7) impacts. Conclusions The cervical musculature may play a role in mitigating head impact severity among collegiate football players. Sports medicine professionals and strength and conditioning coaches should continue exploring the potential benefits of cervical strengthening programmes on head injury prevention. Acknowledgements The authors thank Breton Asken for his assistance during data collection. Competing interests None.
Dental Caries In The Primary Dentition Of Mexican Children Relationship with asthma
Authors: F. Vazquez-Nava, E.M. Vázquez-Rodríguez, M.D. Barrientos-Gomez, J.A. Cordova-Fernandez, D. Lin-Ochoa, F.J. Beltrán-Guzman, C.F. Vázquez-Rodríguez, G.M. Martínez-Perales, A.H. Saldívar-González
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Reporting on Statistical Methods To Adjust for Confounding: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Marcus Müllner, Hugh Matthews, Douglas G. Altman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

The use of complex statistical models to adjust for confounding is common in medical research.To determine the frequency and adequacy of adjustment for confounding in medical articles.Cross-sectional survey.34 scientific medical journals with a high impact factor.Frequency of reporting on methods used to adjust for confounding in 537 original research articles published in January 1998.Of the 537 articles, 169 specified that adjustment for confounding was used. In 1 paper in 10, it was unclear which statistical method was used or for which variables adjustment was made. In 45% of papers, it was not clear how multicategory or continuous variables were treated in the analysis. Inadequate reporting was less frequent if an author was affiliated with a department of statistics, epidemiology, or public health and if articles were published in journals with a high impact factor.Details of methods used to adjust for confounding are frequently not reported in original research articles.
GLI3 repressor controls functional development of the mouse ureter
Authors: Jason E. Cain, Epshita Islam, Fiona Haxho, Joshua Blake, Norman D. Rosenblum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Obstructive and nonobstructive forms of hydronephrosis (increased diameter of the renal pelvis and calyces) and hydroureter (dilatation of the ureter) are the most frequently detected antenatal abnormalities, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely undefined. Hedgehog (Hh) proteins control tissue patterning and cell differentiation by promoting GLI-dependent transcriptional activation and by inhibiting the processing of GLI3 to a transcriptional repressor. Genetic mutations that generate a truncated GLI3 protein similar in size to the repressor in humans with Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS; a disorder whose characteristics include renal abnormalities) and hydroureter implicate Hh-dependent signaling in ureter morphogenesis and function. Here, we determined that Hh signaling controls 2 cell populations required for the initiation and transmission of coordinated ureter contractions. Tissue-specific inactivation of the Hh cell surface effector Smoothened (Smo) in the renal pelvic and upper ureteric mesenchyme resulted in nonobstructive hydronephrosis and hydroureter characterized by ureter dyskinesia. Mutant mice had reduced expression of markers of cell populations implicated in the coordination of unidirectional ureter peristalsis (specifically, Kit and hyperpolarization-activation cation–3 channel [Hcn3]), but exhibited normal epithelial and smooth muscle cell differentiation. Kit deficiency in a mouse model of PHS suggested a pathogenic role for GLI3 repressor in Smo-deficient embryos; indeed, genetic inactivation of Gli3 in Smo-deficient mice rescued their hydronephrosis, hydroureter, Kit and Hcn3 expression, and ureter peristalsis. Together, these data demonstrate that Hh signaling controls Kit and Hcn3 expression and ureter peristalsis.
Direct detection of free radicals in the reperfused rat heart using electron spin resonance spectroscopy.
Authors: P B Garlick, M J Davies, D J Hearse, T F Slater
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The purpose of this study was to use a direct method, that of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, to demonstrate that reperfusion after a period of ischemia results in a sudden increase in the production of free radicals in the myocardium. The isolated buffer-perfused rat heart was used with N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) as a spin-trapping agent. Samples of coronary effluent were taken and extracted into toluene for detection of radical adducts by ESR spectroscopy. After 15 minutes of total, global ischemia, aerobic reperfusion resulted in a sudden burst of radical formation that peaked at 4 minutes. When hearts were reperfused with anoxic buffer, no dramatic increase in radical production was observed. Subsequent reintroduction of oxygen, however, resulted in an immediate burst of radical production of a similar magnitude to that seen in the wholly aerobic reperfusion experiments. The ESR signals obtained (aN = 13.60 G, aH = 1.56 G) are consistent with the spin-trapping by PBN of either a carbon-centered species or an alkoxyl radical, both of which could be formed by secondary reactions of initially-formed oxygen radicals with membrane lipid components.
Which peptic ulcer patients bleed?
Authors: K Matthewson, S Pugh, T C Northfield
Journal: Gut (1988)

In order to identify factors associated with peptic ulcers which present with bleeding rather than with pain, we have prospectively evaluated patient and endoscopic features in 139 consecutive patients presenting with acute bleeding and 74 presenting with pain found to have peptic ulceration at endoscopy. Patients with bleeding were more likely to have taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within the preceding four weeks (58% v 18%, p less than 0.001). They were older (66 v 51 years, p less than 0.001), more likely to have had a previous ulcer complication (21% v 1%, p less than 0.001), and to have an ulcer diameter greater than 20 mm (27% v 6%, p less than 0.05). The presence of one or more of these features in a patient who develops a peptic ulcer appears to be associated with a greater likelihood of presentation with a gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
Increased Collagen Type I Synthesis in Patients With Heart Failure of Hypertensive Origin
Authors: Ramón Querejeta, Begoña López, Arantxa González, Eloy Sánchez, Mariano Larman, José L. Martínez Ubago, Javier Díez
Journal: Circulation (2004)

We investigated whether increased collagen type I synthesis and deposition contribute to enhancement of myocardial fibrosis and deterioration of cardiac function in patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD).We studied 65 hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy subdivided into 2 groups: 34 patients without heart failure (HF) and 31 patients with HF. Transvenous endomyocardial biopsies of the interventricular septum were performed to quantify the amount of fibrotic tissue and the extent of collagen type I deposition. The carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PIP), an index of collagen type I synthesis, was measured by radioimmunoassay in serum samples from the coronary sinus and the antecubital vein. Compared with normotensives, the amount of collagen tissue, the extent of collagen type I deposition, and coronary and peripheral PIP were increased (P<0.01) in the 2 groups of hypertensives. These parameters were also increased (P<0.01) in HF hypertensives compared with non-HF hypertensives. Coronary PIP was higher (P<0.01) than peripheral PIP in hypertensives but not in normotensives. The amount of collagen tissue was inversely correlated with the ejection fraction and directly correlated with both coronary and peripheral PIP in all hypertensives.These findings suggest that an excess of cardiac collagen type I synthesis and deposition may be involved in the enhancement of myocardial fibrosis that accompanies the development of HF in HHD. In addition, our data show that the heart secretes PIP via the coronary sinus into the peripheral circulation in patients with HHD. Thus, PIP determined in peripheral blood can be a useful marker of myocardial fibrosis in these patients.
Tissue kallikrein and kininogen in human sweat glands and psoriatic skin
Authors: M. T. POBLETE, N. J. REYNOLDS, C. D. FIGUEROA, J. L. BURTON, W. MULLER-ESTERL, K. D. BHOOLA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The cellular localization of immunoreactive tissue kallikrein and kininogen was studied in normal and psoriatic human skin. Immunoreactivity to both enzyme and substrate was observed in secretory granules of the dark cells in the secretory fundus (acinus) of the sweat glands. Double immunostaining revealed a segmental distribution of the two antigens. Each acinar section contained either tissue kallikrein or kininogen. However, there appeared to be a junctional zone in which both were present, but in separate dark cells. Immunoreactivity for both antigens was also observed in close apposition to the luminal microvilli of the duct cells. No specific immunostaining was seen in sebaceous glands, hair follicles, keratinocytes and other cells of the secretory unit such as myoepithelial or clear cells. In psoriatic skin there were in addition many neutrophils immunoreactive for tissue kallikrein in the epidermis and psoriatic scales. Mitogenic action of kinins may account to some extent for the characteristic accelerated turnover of epidermal cells in psoriasis and locally applied kinin antagonists may prove of value in the treatment of this disease.
A STUDY OF HEMOSIDEROSIS WITH THE AID OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Goetz W. Richter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Hemosiderin deposits in rats and in man were studied and compared by means of electron and light microscopy. Typical, isotropic, iron-positive hemosiderin granules were found to contain innumerable, closely packed, electron-dense particles, embedded in matter that was much less dense to electrons. Similar dense particles were often scattered diffusely through the cytoplasmic matrix of cells containing hemosiderin granules. In cells of proximal convoluted tubules of rats given repeated intraperitoneal injections of hemoglobin the hemosiderin granules contained dense particles with a mean diameter of 55 A, and with a size-frequency distribution that indicated uniformity. These particles corresponded in size to the iron micelles of ferritin molecules. There was less uniformity of particles in hemosiderin granules situated in liver and reticulo-endothelial cells of rats that had been given a diet containing ethionine. The dense aggregates representing hemosiderin granules were often situated inside discrete cytoplasmic organelles that were bordered by membranes, and sometimes contained "cristae"; and often the membranous borders were markedly disrupted. The term "sidersomes" is proposed for these specialized cytoplasmic structures which may be derivatives of mitochondria, and apparently play a part in the formation of hemosiderin. Ferritin was crystallized from the livers and kidneys of the hemosiderotic rats with ease, but could not be crystallized from comparable quantities of liver and kidney tissue of untreated control rats. Specimens from the liver and spleen of a patient with advanced hemosiderosis, obtained at an operation, were also studied. In liver and reticulo-endothelial cells many particles with diameters of about 60 A were scattered through the cytoplasmic matrix. By contrast, hemosiderin granules in the same cells contained particles that varied considerably in size. In representative granules, examined at high resolution, the size-frequency distribution of particle diameters displayed a periodicity consistent with the presence of small, uniform subunits. Electron micrographs of ferritin, isolated from the spleen of the same patient, provided confirmation for the inferences that the dense particles observed inside cells are iron micelles, and that ferritin is probably a component of hemosiderin.
Bad Neighbors: Arsenic-Induced Tumor Cells Convert Normal Stem Cells into a Cancerous Phenotype
Authors: Julia R. Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Casting a Wider NetThe Quest for Better Guidance on Seafood Consumption Fish is the primary dietary source of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are necessary for healthy prenatal development and linked to reducing cardiovascular disease risk.The type and quantity of seafood that individuals choose to eat can impact both their health and the long-term sustainability of the world's fisheries.An interdisciplinary team of researchers wants consumers to have clearer and more complete guidance in making informed choices about the seafood they eat.Their review presents a framework for producing guidance based not only on nutritional and contaminant information but also ecologic and economic tradeoffs associated with fish consumption choices [EHP 120(6):790-798; Oken et al.].The review highlights areas of overlap and disagreement in current U.S. guidance regarding what constitutes better choices.The myriad fish consumption advice provided by 21 governmental and nongovernmental entities can leave consumers uncertain how to weigh and reconcile multiple benefits and risks associated with any given fish.For instance, the amount of omega-3 fatty acids provided by different fish varies widely, depending on genetics and diet.And where a fish comes from and what it eats can affect its pollutant load-both wild and farmed fish may be high in toxicants such as methylmercury [also see EHP 120(6):799-806; Karagas et al.].The authors posit that fish consumption advice should reflect the reality that both fish farming and the harvesting of wild fish can profoundly affect the health of the oceans.The annual global fish catch exceeds the maximum sustainable yield by three to four times, and some forms of fishing can devastate ocean ecosystems.Aquaculture, the world's fastest-growing food-production industry, may help ensure adequate fish supplies, but it too has adverse ecological impacts.The authors recommend that countries develop national lists of fish that can be eaten freely or moderately and fish that should be avoided.These lists should consider all the perspectives analyzed, although the authors acknowledge the challenges of doing so.Ideally, basic national messages would consist of simple lists supplemented by links to more detailed resources for those who desire them, which could be adjusted on a regional basis as necessary.The authors also reaffirm the importance of remediation or elimination of sources of fish contamination as well as policies that promote environmentally responsible and economically viable fishing practices.Kellyn S. Betts has written about environmental contaminants, hazards, and technology for solving environmental problems for publications including EHP and Environmental Science & Technology for more than a dozen years.More inclusive fish consumption guides might provide information on ecologic and economic impacts as well as nutritional and contaminant information.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: It Does Not Always Fade With Time
Authors: Jean-Yves Douillard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

head and neck cancer (MACH-NC): an update on 93 randomised trials and 17,346 patients. Radiother Oncol 92:4-14, 2009 17. Kies MS, Holsinger FC, Lee JJ, et al: Induction chemotherapy and cetuximab for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Results from a phase II prospective trial. J Clin Oncol 28:8-14, 2009 18. Vermorken JB, Mesia R, Rivera F, et al: Platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 359:1116-1127, 2008 19. Vokes EE, Stenson K, Rosen FR, et al: Weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by concomitant paclitaxel, fluorouracil, and hydroxyurea chemoradiotherapy: Curative and organ-preserving therapy for advanced head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 21:320-326, 2003 20. Fu KK, Pajak TF, Trotti A, et al: A Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase III randomized study to compare hyperfractionation and two variants of accelerated fractionation to standard fractionation radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: First report of RTOG 9003. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48:7-16, 2000 21. Trotti A, Fu KK, Pajak TF, et al: Long term outcomes of RTOG 90-03: A comparison of hyperfractionation and two variants of accelerated fractionation to standard fractionation radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63:S70–S71, 2005 (suppl) 22. Brockstein B, Haraf DJ, Rademaker AW, et al: Patterns of failure, prognostic factors and survival in locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy: A 9-year, 337-patient, multi-institutional experience. Ann Oncol 15:1179-1186, 2004
Gene Therapy for Restenosis
Authors: Sanghong Baek, Keith L. March
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Intensive work over the past decade has been directed to the study of vascular gene transfer as an approach to the unresolved problem of restenosis. This effort has resulted in a significant foundation of knowledge relative to the activities of potentially therapeutic gene products as well as the capabilities and limitations of vector systems and mechanical delivery modalities available for effecting the vascular expression of these gene products. In several instances, significant progress has been made by experiments highlighting unexpected difficulties and the need for more comprehensive understanding. It is thus now possible to clearly define and address specific challenges that must be overcome in order to make feasible progress from the preclinical to the clinical arena. The key challenges at present appear to include the evolution of clinically practical delivery methods that meet the kinetic requirements of achieving efficient gene transduction and the availability of vectors that maximize efficiency while minimizing undesirable host responses. Emerging data suggest that approaches to solving each of these issues may have recently been developed. Basic research evaluating these new delivery mechanisms and molecular vectors is essential to establish their true potential for use in the clinical arena.
Investigating for dyslipidemia in those being referred for suspected obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Sinead Walsh, Faheem Khan, Danielle Divilly, J.J. Gilmartin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: Abnormal lipid metabolism is a major risk factor in the development of coronary artery disease. Dyslipidemia is present in many subjects with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) and an independent association between the two has been observed in a number of studies. Patients referred for inpatient polysomnography in our unit are screened by a fasting lipid profile. This study aims to evaluate the rates of dyslipidemia in this population and to compare OSAS and non-OSAS populations.

Methods: A retrospective review of 285 consecutive subjects (78.6% male, 21.4% female) referred for sleep assessment was performed. Laboratory results, polysomnographs and charts were analysed.

Results: 89 out of the 285 subjects (31.2%) were on a statin and were excluded from further analysis. Of the 196 not on a statin, all had a fasting lipid profile performed. 156 (79.6%) had a positive sleep study, while 40 (20.4%) were negative for OSAS.

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Conclusion: OSA patients have lower HDL cholesterol levels, but no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglycerides or LDL levels. We recommend to continue measuring fasting lipid profiles in this population. A possible confounding factor in our study is BMI.