tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemoprevention of gastric cancer by celecoxib in rats
Authors: P J Hu
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Overexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is frequently detected in gastric cancer and is believed to play a crucial role in gastric carcinogenesis. <b>Aim:</b> We examined the chemopreventive effect of a COX-2 inhibitor in an animal model of stomach carcinogenesis. <b>Methods:</b> Eighty six male Wistar rats were divided into six different treatment groups: group A, water alone (n = 5); group B, <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N′</i>-nitro-<i>N</i>-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG 100 μg/ml) (n = 16); group C, indomethacin (3 mg/kg/day) (n = 16); group D, celecoxib (5 mg/kg/day) (n = 17); group E, celecoxib (10 mg/kg/day) (n = 16); and group F, celecoxib (20 mg/kg/day) (n = 16). Group B–F animals were treated with 10% sodium chloride (in the initial six weeks) and MNNG in drinking water to induce adenocarinoma in the stomach. All animals received treatment for 40 weeks, and were sacrificed after death or at 48 weeks. Gastric neoplasm was evaluated by histology. <b>Results:</b> The incidences of gastric cancer were 0% in group A, 75% in group B, 68.8% in group C, 70.6% in group D, 18.8% in group E, and 31.3% in group F (p = 0.002, ANOVA). Compared with MNNG controls, treatment with celecoxib 10 mg/kg/day also showed lower tumour multiplicity (0.19 (0.40) <i>v</i> 1.00 (0.73); p = 0.004) and lower mean tumour volume (2.4 <i>v</i> 2805 mm<sup>3</sup>; p = 0.02). Although tumours had significantly higher COX-2 expression than their adjacent normal tissues (p&lt;0.02), there was no significant difference in COX-2 levels among tumours in the different treatment groups. The lowest tumour prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> level was found in the indomethacin treated group, suggesting that the chemopreventive effect of celecoxib may be mediated by a COX independent pathway. <b>Conclusion:</b> While treatment with indomethacin had no significant effect on tumour development, treatment with celecoxib reduced gastric cancer incidence and growth in rats.
Mechanisms of Renal Disease in β-Thalassemia
Authors: Khaled M. Musallam, Ali T. Taher
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Although advances in the care of patients with β-thalassemia translate into better patient survival, this success has allowed previously unrecognized complications to emerge, including several renal abnormalities. Clinical studies continue to show that mild tubular dysfunction and abnormalities in GFR are common in patients with β-thalassemia. Chronic anemia and iron overload are believed to lie behind these abnormalities. Nonprogressive increases in levels of serum creatinine have also been observed after exposure to some iron chelators. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the true burden of renal dysfunction in patients with β-thalassemia.
Reminiscences of a Perinatologist
Authors: L. Potter
Journal: JAMA (1989)

IN 1952, Dr Nickolson J. Eastman, head of the Department of Obstetrics at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md, said in discussing a paper I had just presented: I think Dr Potter and Dr Davis both perhaps should be congratulated on having coined the word<i>perinatal</i>. I am sorry I did not think of it. You see, heretofore we said<i>stillbirth and neonatal pathology, stillbirth and neonatal death</i>. Well, that is a long and cumbersome phrase and<i>perinatal death</i>covers the whole thing. With your permission I am going to start using it myself. Although this may have been the first time the word was used publicly, the fetus and newborn had been subjects of investigation for more than 100 years—now this period of life has become a medical specialty of its own. My interest in perinatal pathology began in medical school in the early 1920s, when
Farmer's lung in infants and small children
Authors: H. Thorshauge, I. Fallesen, P. Aa ØStergaard
Journal: Allergy (1989)

A boy and a girl, 10 weeks and 3 years of age, respectively, were admitted to our department with low temperature, dry cough, fatigue and weight loss. In both patients pulmonary X‐rays showed diffuse, bilateral, micronodular infiltrations, and sparse signs of fibrosis. Serum IgG and blood eosinophils were abnormally high. After a stay in hospital for 3 weeks, the patients recovered slowly. However, after a few days at home, they were readmitted with the same symptoms. Family histories revealed that the children lived on farms with huge grain magazines and dryers, where moist grain and straw were stored. Massive amounts of mould spores were cultured from the residential areas, and, in addition, the male patient had an elevated titer to Micropolyspora faeni and the female patient, elevated titers to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Micropolyspora faeni, Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria alternans. The patients and their families moved from the farms and, for approximately a year, have been without lung symptoms. Farmer's disease in infants and small children is extremely rare. However, the incidence may be increasing due to the tendency in latter years to decentralize grain dryers and store moist grain and straw in big magazines, often close to residential areas.
Progress Toward an HIV Vaccine
Authors: Norman L. Letvin
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2002)

The development of an HIV vaccine is proving to be an unprecedented challenge. The difficulty in creating this vaccine arises from the enormous genetic variation of the virus and the unusual importance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in controlling its spread. Whereas traditional vaccine strategies are unlikely to confer safe and effective HIV protection, novel strategies for eliciting CTL have provided substantial clinical benefits in nonhuman primate model systems. These vaccine strategies, including plasmid DNA and live recombinant vectors, are currently being evaluated in human clinical trials.
Valsartan, Captopril, or Both in Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Heart Failure, Left Ventricular Dysfunction, or Both
Authors: Marc A. Pfeffer, John J.V. McMurray, Eric J. Velazquez, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Lars Køber, Aldo P. Maggioni, Scott D. Solomon, Karl Swedberg, Frans Van de Werf, Harvey White, Jeffrey D. Leimberger, Marc Henis, Susan Edwards, Steven Zelenkofske, Mary Ann Sellers, Robert M. Califf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as captopril reduce mortality and cardiovascular morbidity among patients with myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction, heart failure, or both. In a double-blind trial, we compared the effect of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan, the ACE inhibitor captopril, and the combination of the two on mortality in this population of patients.
GENERALIZED PUSTULAR PSORIASIS.
Authors: R. H. CHAMPION
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1959)

Journal Article GENERALIZED PUSTULAR PSORIASIS. Get access R. H. CHAMPION, M.B., M.R.C.P. R. H. CHAMPION, M.B., M.R.C.P. Registrar, Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 71, Issue 11, 1 November 1959, Pages 384–391, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1959.tb13368.x Published: 01 November 1959
Plasmodium Sporozoite Motility Is Modulated by the Turnover of Discrete Adhesion Sites
Authors: Sylvia Münter, Benedikt Sabass, Christine Selhuber-Unkel, Mikhail Kudryashev, Stephan Hegge, Ulrike Engel, Joachim P. Spatz, Kai Matuschewski, Ulrich S. Schwarz, Friedrich Frischknecht
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Strain Differences Have an Impact on Clinical Outcome in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Cyrill A. Rentsch, Frédéric D. Birkhäuser, Claire Biot, Joël R. Gsponer, Aurélie Bisiaux, Christian Wetterauer, Micheline Lagranderie, Gilles Marchal, Mickael Orgeur, Christiane Bouchier, Alexander Bachmann, Molly A. Ingersoll, Roland Brosch, Matthew L. Albert, George N. Thalmann
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Workplace-specific challenges as a contribution to the diagnosis of occupational asthma
Authors: J-P. Rioux, J-L. Malo, J. L’Archevêque, K. Rabhi, M. Labrecque
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The diagnosis of occupational asthma can be made by exposing workers to the relevant agent either in a hospital laboratory through specific inhalation challenges (SICs) or in the workplace. As suggested by several authors, workers with negative laboratory SIC can be monitored at the workplace under supervision. The present study aims to assess the frequency of, and identify factors associated with, a positive workplace reaction in workers with negative SIC in the laboratory. The results of workplace challenges were examined in 99 workers who underwent negative SIC between 1994 and 2004. A positive reaction either in the SIC or in the workplace was defined as a sustained fall in forced expiratory volume in one second of > or =20%. In total, 22 (22.2%) workers showed positive responses at the workplace. These subjects more often had increased baseline methacholine responsiveness (90.5 versus 67.6%). They also underwent more days of SIC testing (4.9 versus 3.3 days) and were exposed more often to two or more agents (56 versus 28.4%) and for a longer period of time (363.3 versus 220.4 min) in the laboratory. The present study illustrates the usefulness of workplace monitoring of airway function in the investigation of occupational asthma and identifies factors that are more often associated with a positive reaction.
Apolipoprotein E and the Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mouse
Authors: Andrew S. Plump, Jan L. Breslow
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1995)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is one of several lipoprotein transfer genes. A primary function of this protein is the mediation of receptor-mediated lipoprotein removal from the blood. Several studies have demonstrated that genetic variation at the apoE locus is associated with an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis, and recent studies implicate this same genetic variation in determining susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. An apoE-deficient mouse has been created to further understand the role of apoE in these areas. This review briefly discussed the biological and clinical importance of this protein and describes the early experiments performed in the apoE-deficient mouse.
Severe Intraocular Inflammation after Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab
Authors: Tatsuhiko Sato, Kazuyuki Emi, Toshihide Ikeda, Hajime Bando, Shigeru Sato, Shin-ichi Morita, Tomohito Oyagi, Kosaku Sawada
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Dynamic changes in E-protein activity regulate T reg cell development
Authors: Ping Gao, Xiaojuan Han, Qi Zhang, Zhiqiong Yang, Ivan J. Fuss, Timothy G. Myers, Paul J. Gardina, Fuping Zhang, Warren Strober
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

E-proteins are TCR-sensitive transcription factors essential for intrathymic T cell transitions. Here, we show that deletion of E-proteins leads to both enhanced peripheral TGF-β–induced regulatory T (iT reg) cell and thymic naturally arising T reg cell (nT reg cell) differentiation. In contrast, deletion of Id proteins results in reduced nT reg cell differentiation. Mechanistic analysis indicated that decreased E-protein activity leads to de-repression of signaling pathways that are essential to Foxp3 expression. Decreased E-protein binding to an IL-2Rα enhancer locus facilitated TCR-induced IL-2Rα expression. Similarly, decreased E-protein activity facilitated TCR-induced NF-κB activation and generation of c-Rel. Consistent with this, microarray analysis indicated that cells with E-protein depletion that are not yet expressing Foxp3 exhibit activation of the IL-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways as well as enhanced expression of many of the genes associated with Foxp3 induction. Finally, studies using Nur77-GFP mice to monitor TCR signaling showed that TCR signaling strength sufficient to induce Foxp3 differentiation is accompanied by down-regulation of E-protein levels. Collectively, these data suggest that TCR stimulation acts in part through down-regulation of E-protein activity to induce T reg cell lineage development.
Evaluation of postural stability in elderly with diabetic neuropathy.
Authors: H Corriveau, F Prince, R Hébert, M Raîche, D Tessier, P Maheux, J L Ardilouze
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare clinical and biomechanical characteristics of balance in diabetic polyneuropathic elderly patients and normal age-matched subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifteen elderly with distal neuropathy (DNP) and 15 healthy age-matched subjects were evaluated with the biomechanical variable COP-COM, which represents the distance between the center of pressure (COP) and the center of mass (COM). Measurements were taken in the quiet position with a double-leg stance, in eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions. Subjects were also assessed with clinical balance evaluations. RESULTS: The COP-COM variable was statistically significantly larger in the DNP group than in the healthy group in anterior-posterior (A/P) and medial-lateral (M/L) directions. Furthermore, the DNP group showed statistically significantly larger amplitudes of the COP-COM variable without vision. The severity of the neuropathy, as quantified using the Valk scoring system, was correlated with COP-COM amplitude in both directions. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the postural stability of an elderly diabetic population using the COP-COM variable can detect a very small change in postural stability and could be helpful in identifying elderly with DNP at risk of falling.
A Placebo-Controlled, Double-blind, Randomized Trial of an Extract of Ginkgo Biloba for Dementia
Authors: Pierre L. Le Bars
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —EGb 761 is a particular extract of Ginkgo biloba used in Europe to alleviate symptoms associated with numerous cognitive disorders. Its use in dementias is based on positive results from only a few controlled clinical trials, most of which did not include standard assessments of cognition and behavior. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the efficacy and safety of EGb in Alzheimer disease and multi-infarct dementia. <h3>Design.</h3> —A 52-week, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallelgroup, multicenter study. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Mildly to severely demented outpatients with Alzheimer disease or multi-infarct dementia, without other significant medical conditions. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Patients assigned randomly to treatment with EGb (120 mg/d) or placebo. Safety, compliance, and drug dispensation were monitored every 3 months with complete outcome evaluation at 12, 26, and 52 weeks. <h3>Primary Outcome Measures.</h3> —Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument (GERRI), and Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC). <h3>Results.</h3> —From 309 patients included in an intent-to-treat analysis, 202 provided evaluable data for the 52-week end point analysis. In the intent-to-treat analysis, the EGb group had an ADAS-Cog score 1.4 points betterthan the placebo group (<i>P</i>=.04) and a GERRI score 0.14 points better than the placebo group (<i>P</i>=.004). The same patterns were observed with the evaluable data set in which 27% of patients treated with EGb achieved at least a 4-point improvement on the ADAS-Cog, compared with 14% taking placebo (<i>P</i>=.005); on the GERRI, 37% were considered improved with EGb, compared with 23% taking placebo (<i>P</i>=.003). No difference was seen in the CGIC. Regarding the safety profile of EGb, no significant differences compared with placebo were observed in the number of patients reporting adverse events or in the incidence and severity of these events. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —EGb was safe and appears capable of stabilizing and, in a substantial number of cases, improving the cognitive performance and the social functioning of demented patients for 6 months to 1 year. Although modest, the changes induced by EGb were objectively measured by the ADAS-Cog and were of sufficient magnitude to be recognized by the caregivers in the GERRI.
Electrical and Mechanical Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle to Vasodilator Agents and Vasoactive Polypeptides
Authors: William R. Keatinge
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Amyl nitrite or sodium nitrite repolarised and relaxed sheep carotid arteries which had been depolarised and contracted by norepinephrine or histamine. These agents had little electrical or mechanical effect on unstimulated arteries. Epinephrine in the presence of phentolamine or Hydergine produced similar effects but the electrical changes were smaller and more variable than with the nitrites. All these agents could cause some relaxation, without electrical changes, of arteries which had been completely depolarised by potassium-rich solution. Bradykinin and angiotensin, like acetylcholine, depolarised and contracted the arteries even after actions via nerves had been blocked by nicotine and other agents. The effects that they produced when in sustained high concentration were limited in duration. All three agents could contract arteries which were completely depolarised by potassium-rich solution, without any electrical change. None of these relaxant or stimulant agents had any significant effect at 5°C. In canine carotid arteries, norepinephrine produced depolarisation and contraction as it does in sheep carotid arteries, but acetylcholine had variable electrical and mechanical effects. The results suggest that all these vasodilator and vasoconstrictor agents produce their mechanical effects on the arteries partly by changing the cell membrane potential and partly by other means.
Patients Who Strive to Be Ill: Factitious Disorder With Physical Symptoms
Authors: Lois E Krahn, Hongzhe Li, M Kevin O'Connor
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: Factitious disorder with physical symptoms characterizes patients who strive to appear medically ill and assume the sick role. Clinical suspicion is highest for female health care workers in the fourth decade of life. This study was designed to analyze the diagnosis of factitious disorder, the demographics of affected patients, and intervention and treatment. METHOD: Retrospective examination was of 93 patients diagnosed during 21 years. Two raters agreed on subject eligibility on the basis of DSM-IV criteria and absence of a somatoform disorder and a plausible medical explanation. RESULTS: The group included 67 women (72.0%); mean age was 30.7 years (SD=8.0) for women and 40.0 years (SD=13.3) for men. Mean age at onset was 25.0 years (SD=7.4). Health care training or jobs were more common for women (65.7%) than men (11.5%). Most often, inexplicable laboratory results established the diagnosis. Eighty had psychiatric consultations; 71 were confronted about their role in the illness. Only 16 acknowledged factitious behavior. Follow-up data were available for only 28 patients (30.1%); maximum duration of follow-up was 156 months. Two patients were known to have died. Few patients pursued psychiatric treatment. Eighteen left the hospital against medical advice. CONCLUSIONS: Factitious disorder affects men and women with different demographic profiles. Diagnosis must be based on careful examination of behavior, motivation, and medical history and not on a stereotype. Laboratory data and outside medical records help identify suspicious circumstances and inconsistencies. Confrontation does not appear to lead to patient acknowledgment and should not be considered necessary for management.
Etanercept and clinical outcomes, fatigue, and depression in psoriasis: double-blind placebo-controlled randomised phase III trial
Authors: Stephen Tyring, Alice Gottlieb, Kim Papp, Ken Gordon, Craig Leonardi, Andrea Wang, Deepa Lalla, Michael Woolley, Angelika Jahreis, Ralph Zitnik, David Cella, Ranga Krishnan
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
Serum lysyl oxidase-like 2 levels and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis disease progression
Authors: Jason W. Chien, Thomas J. Richards, Kevin F. Gibson, Yingze Zhang, Kathleen O. Lindell, Lixin Shao, Susan K. Lyman, Joanne I. Adamkewicz, Victoria Smith, Naftali Kaminski, Thomas O’Riordan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

We evaluated whether lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), which promotes cross-linking of collagen in pathological stroma, was detectable in serum from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, and assessed its relationship with IPF disease progression. Patients from the ARTEMIS-IPF (n=69) and the Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Disease Progression in IPF (GAP) (n=104) studies were analysed. Baseline serum LOXL2 (sLOXL2) levels were compared with baseline clinical and physiological surrogates of disease severity, and the association with IPF disease progression was assessed using a classification and regression tree (CART) method. sLOXL2 correlated weakly with forced vital capacity and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (r -0.24–0.05) in both cohorts. CART-determined thresholds were similar: ARTEMIS-IPF 800 pg·mL −1 and GAP 700 pg·mL −1 . In ARTEMIS-IPF, higher sLOXL2 (&gt;800 pg·mL −1 ) was associated with increased risk for disease progression (hazard ratio (HR) 5.41, 95% CI 1.65–17.73). Among GAP subjects with baseline spirometric data (n=70), higher sLOXL2 levels (&gt;700 pg·mL −1 ) were associated with more disease progression events (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.01–3.11). Among all GAP subjects, higher sLOXL2 levels were associated with increased risk for mortality (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.18–4.38). These results suggest that higher sLOXL2 levels are associated with increased risk for IPF disease progression. However, due to multiple limitations, these results require validation.
Evolutionary Adaptations to Dietary Changes
Authors: F. Luca, G.H. Perry, A. Di Rienzo
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2010)

Through cultural innovation and changes in habitat and ecology, there have been a number of major dietary shifts in human evolution, including meat eating, cooking, and those associated with plant and animal domestication. The identification of signatures of adaptations to such dietary changes in the genome of extant primates (including humans) may shed light not only on the evolutionary history of our species, but also on the mechanisms that underlie common metabolic diseases in modern human populations. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the major dietary shifts that occurred during hominin evolution, and we discuss the methods and approaches used to identify signals of natural selection in patterns of sequence variation. We then review the results of studies aimed at detecting the genetic loci that played a major role in dietary adaptations and conclude by outlining the potential of future studies in this area.