tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Stereopsis
Authors: Gian F. Poggio, Tomaso Poggio
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1984)

Our eyes capture different 2-D images of the objects around us and our brain uses these images to recover a description of the 3-D structure of the environ­ ment. Stereopsis is the process responsible for this reconstruction of the depth dimension in our visual world. Since Wheatstone invented the stereoscope in 1 838, the processes underlying primate stereo vision have been intensively studied, first with psychophysical techniques, and more recently in terms of the underlying physiological mechanisms in the visual cortex. During the last few years, the computational aspects of the problem of stereo vision have received increased attention. As with so many other visual tasks that humans perform easily and effortlessly, the development of automatic systems of stereoscopic vision, which would yield immediate and important applications, has proven surprisingly difficult. It is now clear that the problem of stereopsis is not only a problem in the area of psychophysics and physiology, but also a complex problem in information processing. Because of its knowledge-free, low-level character, the solution of the stereopsis problem may thus uncover some fundamental principles that apply equally well to artificial and natural vision systems. This somewhat new perspective is reflected in the organization of this paper. We first review the computational problems posed by stereopsis and describe briefly the main theories and models that have been proposed in the context of human and computer vision. The structure of these algorithms and their
Persistent androgen receptor addiction in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Michael T. Schweizer, Evan Y. Yu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

It is now understood that persistent activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway often underlies the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This realization led to renewed interest in targeting the AR and ultimately to the development of the potent next-generation AR-directed agents abiraterone and enzalutamide. While these drugs prolong survival in men with CRPC, they are unfortunately not curative. Perhaps not surprisingly, evidence points to persistent AR signaling as one of the key drivers by which resistances to these agents develops. In this context, activation of the AR signaling program can occur through a number of molecular adaptations, including alterations leading to persistent canonical AR signaling (e.g., AR amplification/overexpression, elucidations/concentration of intratumoral androgens), activation of the AR program via feedback pathways (e.g., AKT/mTOR/Pi3K, HER2/Neu), and activation of the AR program via mutation or substitution (e.g., AR ligand binding domain mutation; AR splice variants; glucocorticoid receptor signaling). This review will provide an overview of the more clinical relevant (i.e., druggable) pathways that have been implicated in the emergence of drug resistance in men with CRPC and highlight some of the ongoing efforts towards developing therapeutics to impair these mechanisms.
Migraine doctor loses appeal against findings of dishonesty
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A High Court judge has upheld two findings of dishonesty by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service against a leading headache specialist in the conduct of a clinical trial.

Andrew Dowson, director of headache services at King’s College Hospital in London, appealed to the High Court after he was suspended for four months last February for a “serious breach of professional standards.”1

Dowson was co-principal investigator with Peter Wilmshurst, a cardiologist, on the ill fated Migraine Intervention with STARFlex Technology (MIST) trial, designed to test whether the closure of patent foramen ovale with a new septal repair implant could cure migraine.2

Mr Justice Edis ruled that the tribunal service panel …
Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: L. J. Deftos, J. G. Parthemore, B. E. Stabile
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1993)

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common disease that can be accurately diagnosed and effectively treated in most patients. The diagnosis is established by a persistent elevation of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone and by clinical evaluation. Surgery is the appropriate treatment, and preoperative localization procedures are seldom indicated. Selected patients with mild disease may be followed by procedures devised to identify deterioration of skeletal, neurological, and renal function. The accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism are rewarding clinical experiences for the endocrinologist and surgeon.
Association of Postdischarge Spending and Performance on New Episode-Based Spending Measure
Authors: Anup Das, Edward C. Norton, David C. Miller, Lena M. Chen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Lindsay E. Jubelt, MD, MS; Keith S. Goldfeld, DrPH, MS, MPA; Wei-yi Chung, MS, ASN; Saul B. Blecker, MD, MHS; Leora I. Horwitz, MD, MHS
The Pathogenesis and Treatment of ACNE
Authors: P E Pochi
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1990)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is up-regulated by Helicobactor pylori in human gastric cancer cells via multiple signaling pathways
Authors: Young D. Jung, Ik J. Chung, Hyung R. Kim, Chul K. Cho, Chan Choi, Kyung K. Kim, Boo A. Shin, Bong W. Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

4681 

The gastric pathogen Helicobactor pylori (H. pylori) is associated with a progression to gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of H. pylori on urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression, which has been known to correlate closely with gastric cancer invasion, and the underlying signal pathways in human gastric cancer AGS cells. H. pylori infection induces the uPAR expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. H. pylori infection also induced the activation of extracellular signal-regluated kinases (Erk)-1/2 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Specific inhibitors of MEK-1 (PD980590) and JNK (SP600125) were found to suppress the H. pylori -induced uPAR expression and the uPAR promoter activity. Expression of vectors encoding a mutated-type MEK-1 (K97M) and JNK (TAM67) resulted in decreases in the uPAR promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that H. pylori infection increased time dependently the DNA binding activity of AP-1 and NF-κB. Transient transfection studies using AP-1 decoy and inactive NF-κB induction kinase confirmed that the activation of AP-1 and NF-κB are involved in H. pylori -induced uPAR upregulation. The AGS cells treated with H. pylori were remarkably enhanced the invasiveness and this effect was partially abrogated by uPAR neutralizing antibodies. The above results suggest that H. pylori infection induces uPAR expression via Erk-1/2, JNK, AP-1, and NF-κB signaling pathways and, in turn, stimulates the invasiveness in human gastric cancer AGS cells.
V-Region Connectivity in T Cell Repertoires
Authors: P Pereira, A Bandeira, A Coutinho, M A Marcos, M Toribio, C Martinez
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1989)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor Channels
Authors: R L Macdonald, R W Olsen
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1994)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Family Management of Children's Food Allergies: Patterns of Food Avoidance and Reaction Response Preparation in Relation to Anxiety
Authors: Mary D. Klinnert, Elizabeth McQuaid, Anna Forssen, Sophia Cohen, David Fedele, Jane Robinson, David Mark Fleischer, Jonathan O. Hourihane, Fred (Dan) McDaniel Atkins
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Primary Nonadherence in Acne Treatment—Reply
Authors: Steven R. Feldman, Kathryn Anderson
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Regulation of Immunity to Parasites by T Cells and T Cell-Derived Cytokines
Authors: A Sher, R L Coffman
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1992)

Parasitic protozoa and helminths are a diverse group of organisms which together form a major cause of infectious disease in humans and livestock. Studies in animal models have revealed that T lymphocytes and the cytokines they produce play a crucial role in determining the outcome of parasitic infection in terms of both protective immunity and immunopathology. Of particular interest is recent evidence that different parasitic infections in the context of different host genetic background can trigger polarized CD4+ T cell subset responses. The set of cytokines produced by these different T helper responses, in turn, can have opposing effects on the parasite, resulting in either control of infection or promotion of disease. Moreover, cytokines produced by one CD4+ subset can block either the production and/or activity of the cytokines produced by the other subset. The establishment of this state of cross-regulation may be important for parasite survival. CD8+ T cells also appear to play a dual effector/regulatory role in parasite immunity and immunopathology, although the mechanisms underlying their induction and function are less well understood. CD(8+)-mediated cytolytic killing functions have now been demonstrated against a number of different intracellular protozoa, although IFN-gamma produced by the same effector cells may also be critical in host community. In addition to providing highly relevant models for studying the selection and immunobiologic function of T-cell subsets, research on T lymphocyte-parasite interactions is crucial for the design of effective vaccines and immunotherapies and thus has broad practical as well as theoretical ramifications.
the old gray fence
Authors: D.A. Frater
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Ad Libitum17 November 2015the old gray fenceD.A. Frater, MDD.A. Frater, MDFrom Dallas, Texas.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M15-0238 Audio Reading - “the old gray fence” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "the old gray fence," by D.A. Frater. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail the old gray fence is stillstanding leaning out at one bendas if its tenants had tried tobreak freecars rush by where a rust redpick-up truck once raised itstrailing dust if you stand atjust the spot the shadow of tallbuildings off to one side you cansee where the old house used to bethe pond it looked over everymorning year upon year willowsstill lining it still weepingbright yellow under the sky and thetangle of mesquites from whoseroots turtles slid back to waterin clumsy plops seem bare in theday's cold brightness a greategret some ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Dallas, Texas.Current Author Address: D.A. Frater, MD; e-mail, [email protected]md PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “the old gray fence” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "the old gray fence," by D.A. Frater. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 November 2015Volume 163, Issue 10Page: 736KeywordsDust ePublished: 17 November 2015 Issue Published: 17 November 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Revalidation built on appraisal may have led to confusion
Authors: J. Archer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Medical revalidation built on appraisal may have led to confusion, as exemplified by McCartney’s comments.1 Our research identified conflicting narratives about the purposes of revalidation from policy makers.2 Appraisal has always been there to support doctors to be “up to date’ but now it is also attempting …
Can antioxidant-rich blackcurrant juice drink consumption improve photoprotection against ultraviolet radiation?
Authors: S. Ray, J.J. Belch, A.M. Craigie, F. Khan, G. Kennedy, A. Hill, K.L. Barton, R.S. Dawe, S.H. Ibbotson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Can antioxidant‐rich blackcurrant juice drink consumption improve photoprotection against ultraviolet radiation? Get access S. Ray, S. Ray The Institute of Cardiovascular Research (TICR) and Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.KMedical Research Council Human Nutrition Research Elsie Widdowson Laboratory Cambridge U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J. Belch, J.J. Belch The Institute of Cardiovascular Research (TICR) and Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Craigie, A.M. Craigie The Institute of Cardiovascular Research (TICR) and Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Khan, F. Khan The Institute of Cardiovascular Research (TICR) and Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Kennedy, G. Kennedy The Institute of Cardiovascular Research (TICR) and Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Hill, A. Hill The Institute of Cardiovascular Research (TICR) and Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.L. Barton, K.L. Barton The Institute of Cardiovascular Research (TICR) and Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.S. Dawe, R.S. Dawe Photobiology Unit Dermatology Department Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.H. Ibbotson S.H. Ibbotson Photobiology Unit Dermatology Department Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.K Correspondence: Sally Ibbotson. E‐mail: s.h.ibbotson@dundee.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 174, Issue 5, 1 May 2016, Pages 1101–1103, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14299 Published: 01 May 2016
Complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Stephen Bruehl
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Complex regional pain syndrome is a chronic pain condition characterized by autonomic and inflammatory features. It occurs acutely in about 7% of patients who have limb fractures, limb surgery, or other injuries. Many cases resolve within the first year, with a smaller subset progressing to the chronic form. This transition is often paralleled by a change from “warm complex regional pain syndrome,” with inflammatory characteristics dominant, to “cold complex regional pain syndrome” in which autonomic features dominate. Multiple peripheral and central mechanisms seem to be involved, the relative contributions of which may differ between individuals and over time. Possible contributors include peripheral and central sensitization, autonomic changes and sympatho-afferent coupling, inflammatory and immune alterations, brain changes, and genetic and psychological factors. The syndrome is diagnosed purely on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms. Effective management of the chronic form of the syndrome is often challenging. Few high quality randomized controlled trials are available to support the efficacy of the most commonly used interventions. Reviews of available randomized trials suggest that physical and occupational therapy (including graded motor imagery and mirror therapy), bisphosphonates, calcitonin, subanesthetic intravenous ketamine, free radical scavengers, oral corticosteroids, and spinal cord stimulation may be effective treatments. Multidisciplinary clinical care, which centers around functionally focused therapies is recommended. Other interventions are used to facilitate engagement in functional therapies and to improve quality of life.
Endoscopic Injection Therapy of Gastroduodenal Ulcer Hemorrhage: A Randomized Comparison of Fibrin Sealant vs. Polidocanol
Authors: R. Salm, K. E. Grund, J. Sontheimer, A. Bustos, E. Weber
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

In a randomized trial involving 56 patients with acute gastroduodenal ulcer hemorrhage we examined the rebleeding rate after endoscopic local injection of fibrin sealant (group A, n = 30) in comparison to polidocanol (group B, n = 26). Included were ulcers with spurting (Forrest Ia) or oozing bleeding (F lb) or a visible vessel (F IIa). In case of F Ia/Ib the endoscopic therapy in both groups was combined with a preliminary injection of epinephrine (1:104). After endoscopic hemostasis the patients were transferred to the surgical intensive care unit. The patients underwent routine endoscopy 24 h later. If rebleeding signs occurred, emergency endoscopy was performed. In the case of rebleeding or a still visible vessel another injection therapy now with fibrin sealant in both groups was performed. Initial hemostasis was achieved in 100% of cases in group A and in 77% in group B (p ≤ 0.05). Recurrent hemorrhage occurred in 10% in group A and in 38% in group B (p ≤ 0.05). Permanent hemostasis was achieved in 93% in group A and 88% in group B. There were no differences between the two groups in the requirement for emergency surgery or mortality. A tendency toward a lower blood transfusion requirement was observed in group A, but it failed to achieve statistical significance. No complications of injection therapy were noted.
Following the Footsteps of Chlamydial Gene Regulation
Authors: D. Domman, M. Horn
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Regulation of gene expression ensures an organism responds to stimuli and undergoes proper development.Although the regulatory networks in bacteria have been investigated in model microorganisms, nearly nothing is known about the evolution and plasticity of these networks in obligate, intracellular bacteria.The phylum Chlamydiae contains a vast array of host-associated microbes, including several human pathogens.The Chlamydiae are unique among obligate, intracellular bacteria as they undergo a complex biphasic developmental cycle in which large swaths of genes are temporally regulated.Coupled with the low number of transcription factors, these organisms offer a model to study the evolution of regulatory networks in intracellular organisms.We provide the first comprehensive analysis exploring the diversity and evolution of regulatory networks across the phylum.We utilized a comparative genomics approach to construct predicted coregulatory networks, which unveiled genus-and family-specific regulatory motifs and architectures, most notably those of virulence-associated genes.Surprisingly, our analysis suggests that few regulatory components are conserved across the phylum, and those that are conserved are involved in the exploitation of the intracellular niche.Our study thus lends insight into a component of chlamydial evolution that has otherwise remained largely unexplored.
Symptomatic Carotid Artery Disease and Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: L R Caplan, M S Pessin
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1988)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Sensitivity to wheat, gluten and FODMAPs in IBS: facts or fiction?
Authors: Roberto De Giorgio, Umberto Volta, Peter R Gibson
Journal: Gut (2015)

IBS is one of the most common types of functional bowel disorder. Increasing attention has been paid to the causative role of food in IBS. Food ingestion precipitates or exacerbates symptoms, such as abdominal pain and bloating in patients with IBS through different hypothesised mechanisms including immune and mast cell activation, mechanoreceptor stimulation and chemosensory activation. Wheat is regarded as one of the most relevant IBS triggers, although which component(s) of this cereal is/are involved remain(s) unknown. Gluten, other wheat proteins, for example, amylase-trypsin inhibitors, and fructans (the latter belonging to fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs)), have been identified as possible factors for symptom generation/exacerbation. This uncertainty on the true culprit(s) opened a scenario of semantic definitions favoured by the discordant results of double-blind placebo-controlled trials, which have generated various terms ranging from non-coeliac gluten sensitivity to the broader one of non-coeliac wheat or wheat protein sensitivity or, even, FODMAP sensitivity. The role of FODMAPs in eliciting the clinical picture of IBS goes further since these short-chain carbohydrates are found in many other dietary components, including vegetables and fruits. In this review, we assessed current literature in order to unravel whether gluten/wheat/FODMAP sensitivity represent 'facts' and not 'fiction' in IBS symptoms. This knowledge is expected to promote standardisation in dietary strategies (gluten/wheat-free and low FODMAP) as effective measures for the management of IBS symptoms.