tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic Vaccination With a B7.1 HLA-A Gene-Modified Adenocarcinoma Cell Line in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Luis E. Raez, Peter A. Cassileth, James J. Schlesselman, Kasi Sridhar, Swaminathan Padmanabhan, Eva Z. Fisher, Paulette A. Baldie, Eckhard R. Podack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To determine the safety, immunogenicity, and clinical response to an allogeneic tumor vaccine for non-small-cell lung cancer, we conducted a phase I trial in patients with advanced metastatic disease.We treated 19 patients with a vaccine based on an adenocarcinoma line (AD100) transfected with B7.1 (CD80) and HLA A1 or A2. Patients were vaccinated intradermally with 5 x 10(7) cells once every 2 weeks. Three vaccinations represented one course of treatment. If patients had complete response, partial response, or stable disease, they continued with the vaccinations for up to three courses (nine vaccinations). Immune response was assessed by a change between pre-study and postvaccination enzyme-linked immunospot frequency of purified CD8 T-cells secreting interferon-gamma in response to in vitro challenge with AD100.Four patients experienced serious adverse events that were unrelated to vaccine. Another four patients experienced only minimal skin erythema. All but one patient had a measurable CD8 response after three immunizations. The immune response of six surviving, clinically responding patients shows that CD8 titers continue to be elevated up to 150 weeks, even after cessation of vaccination. Overall, one patient had a partial response, and five had stable disease. Median survival for all patients is 18 months (90% CI, 7 to 23 months), with corresponding estimates of 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival of 52%, 30%, and 30%, respectively. HLA matching of vaccine, age, sex, race, and pathology did not bear a significant relation to response.Minimal toxicity and good survival in this small population suggest clinical benefit from vaccination.
Complement Factor H Deficiency Accelerates Development of Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Lihua Bao, Mark Haas, Richard J. Quigg
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Complement factor H (CfH) is a key regulator of the alternative pathway, and its presence on mouse platelets and podocytes allows the processing of immune complexes. Because of the role of immune complexes in the pathophysiology of lupus nephritis, we studied the role of CfH in the development of nephritis in MRL-lpr mice, an animal model of lupus. At 12 weeks, CfH-deficient MRL-lpr mice had significantly more albuminuria and higher BUN levels than MRL-lpr controls. Cfh-deficient MRL-lpr mice also experienced earlier mortality: at 14 weeks, 6 of 9 CfH-deficient MRL-lpr mice had died of renal failure, whereas all 11 littermate CfH-sufficient MRL-lpr mice were alive (P ≤ 0.001). Histologically, CfH-deficient MRL-lpr mice developed severe diffuse lupus nephritis by 12 weeks (glomerulonephritis scores of 2.6 ± 0.4 versus 0.4 ± 0.2 in littermate controls, P = 0.001). Similar to other CfH-deficient mouse models on nonautoimmune backgrounds, immunofluorescence staining showed extensive linear C3 staining along glomerular capillary walls. IgG was present in the mesangium and peripheral capillary walls along with excessive infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils. Ultrastructurally, there were subendothelial and subepithelial immune deposits and extensive podocyte foot process effacement. In summary, the loss of CfH accelerates the development of lupus nephritis and recapitulates the functional and structural features of the human disease. This illustrates the critical role of complement regulation and metabolism of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
Differential Effects of Developmental Cerebellar Abnormality on Cognitive and Motor Functions in the Cerebellum: An fMRI Study of Autism
Authors: Greg Allen, Eric Courchesne
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: Recent years have seen a revolution in views regarding cerebellar function. New findings suggest that the cerebellum plays a role in multiple functional domains: cognitive, affective, and sensory as well as motor. These findings imply that developmental cerebellar pathology could play a role in certain nonmotor functional deficits, thereby calling for a broader investigation of the functional consequences of cerebellar pathology. Autism provides a useful model, since over 90% of autistic cerebella examined at autopsy have shown well-defined cerebellar anatomic abnormalities. The aim of the present study was to examine how such pathology ultimately impacts cognitive and motor function within the cerebellum. METHOD: Patterns of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation within anatomically defined cerebellar regions of interest were examined in eight autistic patients (ages 14–38 years) and eight matched healthy comparison subjects performing motor and attention tasks. For the motor task, subjects pressed a button at a comfortable pace, and activation was compared with a rest condition. For the attention task, visual stimuli were presented one at a time at fixation, and subjects pressed a button to every target. Activation was compared with passive visual stimulation. RESULTS: While performing these tasks, autistic individuals showed significantly greater cerebellar motor activation and significantly less cerebellar attention activation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings shed new light on the cerebellar role in attention deficits in autism and suggest that developmental cerebellar abnormality has differential functional implications for cognitive and motor systems.
Total body potassium in cor pulmonale.
Authors: A D Howie, A I Pack, K Boddy, M Mahaffey
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Total body potassium was measured in 12 patients with cor pulmonale, by determination of potassium-40, a naturally occurring radioisotope. In all subjects the observed value of total body potassium showed no significant depletion when compared with that predicted from height and age. All previous studies in similar groups of patients have been confined to the estimation of exchangeable potassium by the technique of isotope dilution. Results using the latter technique have shown gross potassium depletion. It is suggested that the apparent disparity between total body potassium and exchangeable potassium could be explained by the requirement for a longer equilibration period when using isotope dilution techniques in patients who are in chronic hypoxaemic state.
Organization of the alpha-globin genes in the Chinese alpha-thalassemia syndromes.
Authors: S H Embury, R V Lebo, A M Dozy, Y W Kan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The alpha-thalassemia syndromes are a group of inherited anemias, the clinical severity of which has been shown to increase with the number of alpha-globin structural genes deleted. Employing restriction endonuclease gene mapping, we defined the organization of the alpha-globin genes in cellular DNA from Chinese subjects with various alpha-thalassemia syndromes. The four alpha-globin genes of normals are at two loci located on a 23.0-kilobase pair (kb) Eco RI fragment. In deletion type hemoglobin-H disease the 5' alpha-globin locus is deleted and the single 3' alpha-globin locus is found on a 19.0-kb Eco RI fragment. In alpha-thalassemia-2 there are two alpha-globin genes on a 23.0-kb Eco RI fragment and one on a 19.0-kb fragment. In alpha-thalassemia-1 and the nondeletion type of hemoglobin-H disease the two alpha-globin genes are at two loci on one chromosome and none reside on the other chromosome.
Neuropathy and Ankle Mobility Abnormalities in Patients With Chronic Venous Disease
Authors: Elizabeth Yim, Alejandra Vivas, Andrea Maderal, Robert S. Kirsner
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

How complications associated with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) develop is not clear. The central source of the complications is likely a dysfunction of the calf muscle pump, which includes veins and their valves, the gastrocnemius and other lower leg and foot muscles as well as the nerves supplying the muscles, and ankle mobility limitations. The least well-studied source of complications is the relationship between range of ankle movement (ROAM), neuropathy, and the clinical severity of the disease.To study sensory neuropathic changes and ankle mobility in patients with CVI to help elucidate the pathophysiologic development of venous ulcers.A cross-sectional study took place from August 2011 to August 2012 at the outpatient wound clinic and the wound healing research clinic at the University of Miami Hospital. Sixty-four limbs from 42 individuals were evaluated and individually classified according to the clinical aspect of the clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology classification for CVI.Range of ankle movement was measured using goniometry, measuring active ankle combined plantarflexion and dorsiflexion and combined inversion and eversion. Peripheral neuropathy was measured subjectively through the Neuropathy Symptom Score and objectively through the Neuropathy Disability Score scales.More patients with severe CVI had reduced plantarflexion-dorsiflexion ROAM compared with patients with mild CVI (25 [89%] vs 11 [31%]; P < .001) and reduced inversion-eversion ROAM (22 [79%] vs 4 [11%]; P < .001). Patients with worse CVI had significantly worse neuropathy with higher Neuropathy Symptom Score and Neuropathy Disability Score values compared with patients with less severe CVI.We found a relationship between reduced ROAM and worse neuropathy with increased severity of CVI. Management in patients with CVI should include testing for neuropathy and improving ankle mobility.
ON THE NATURE OF THE CHILL-PRODUCING PRINCIPLE IN ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM
Authors: Albert B. Sabin, George B. Wallace
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. By means of a test method, which is described, the presence or absence of the chill-producing principle in antipneumococcus serum may be determined. 2. This principle may be present in normal blood or serum, homologous as well as heterologous, and the measures employed to obtain an antibody solution are not essential factors in its formation. 3. The chill reaction may be mitigated by the administration of nitrites and by opium and antipyretics. It is doubtful whether this fact offers any practical therapeutic application. 4. The reaction has no relationship to anaphylaxis or to certain toxic effects of drawn blood which have been studied by Freund, Starling and others. 5. The chill-principle appears to be formed only in blood which has been allowed to stand. Our experiments do not show that the reaction is dependent on formed elements, fibrinogen, or lipoids. 6. Anticoagulants, filtration, dialysis and moderate heating are without effect in removing the principle from the solution containing it. 7. By changes in the sodium chloride and hydrogen ion concentration in antibody solutions an acid globulin and an alkaline globulin fraction may be obtained. The acid globulin fraction, whether or not phospholipin is present, contains the greater part of the chill-principle and a small part of the antibody substance; the alkaline globulin fraction contains the greater part of the antibody substance and a smaller part of the chill-principle. The acid globulin fraction is not itself the chill-principle but serves as a carrier of this, probably through an adsorptive process.
Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias
Authors: Adrian F. Gombart, Wolf-K. Hofmann, Seiji Kawano, Seisho Takeuchi, Utz Krug, Scott H. Kwok, Renee J. Larsen, Hiroya Asou, Carl W. Miller, Dieter Hoelzer, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Blood (2002)
Terence David Hennessey Philip John Hogg John Anthony Lasserson Pamela Margaret Le Quesne (nee Fullerton) Robert Sinclair Patrick Patrick William Roy Petrie Matthew Neal Rankin William Henry Reynolds Robert Alan Richardson Arthur John Thomas
Authors: J. Taverne, H. Scott, D. Lasserson, W I McDonald, R B Goudie, B. Dean, M. J Rankin, E H Reynolds, T. Stoyle, J. Dias, A. J. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1999)
Acute Pulmonary Embolectomy
Authors: Lishan Aklog, Christopher S. Williams, John G. Byrne, Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Acute pulmonary embolism confers a high mortality rate despite advances in diagnosis and therapy. Thrombolysis is often effective but has a high frequency of major bleeding complications, especially intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, we liberalized our criteria for acute pulmonary embolectomy and considered operating on patients with anatomically extensive pulmonary embolism and concomitant moderate to severe right ventricular dysfunction despite preserved systemic arterial pressure. Methods and Results — We report 29 (17 men and 12 women) consecutive patients who underwent embolectomy from October 1999 through October 2001. Twenty-six patients (89%) survived surgery and were alive more than 1 month postoperatively. Median follow-up is 10 months. Conclusion — The high survival rate of 89% can be attributed to improved surgical technique, rapid diagnosis and triage, and careful patient selection. We hope that other tertiary centers will evaluate pulmonary embolism patients with an algorithm that includes surgical embolectomy as one of several therapeutic options. Our contemporary approach to pulmonary embolectomy no longer confines this operation to a treatment of last resort reserved for clinically desperate circumstances.
Severity of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Véronique L. Roger
Journal: Circulation (2009)

C ardiovascular disease constitutes a burden of epidemic proportion, 1 and understanding its determinants is essential to designing effective interventions.Doing so requires the ability to track disease burden at the population level.In the United States, without national registries, community surveillance is the method of choice. 2 Community surveillance studies are mostly retrospective by design, rely on diagnostic codes for case finding, and require a defined population in which events can be consistently and reliably captured and validated with standardized approaches.Applied to cardiovascular disease, community surveillance measures its burden in communities by tracking the incidence of events, their severity, and their mortality, thereby enabling the appraisal of the components of cardiovascular diseases in a given population. 2 Because of the aforementioned methodological requirements, few surveillance studies exist in the United States.They include the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 3 the Minnesota Heart Survey, 4 the Olmsted County Study, 5 and the Worcester Heart Attack Study. 6The data from these studies indicate that, although deaths from coronary disease have declined, the incidence of myocardial infarction in the United States has remained mostly stable.Thus, the decline in mortality can be envisioned as reflecting an improvement in survival, which may be mediated by a declining severity of myocardial infarction.
Is a Full Recovery Possible after Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?
Authors: Hans Knoop, Gijs Bleijenberg, Marieke F.M. Gielissen, Jos W.M. van der Meer, Peter D. White
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) leads to a decrease in symptoms and disabilities. There is controversy about the nature of the change following treatment; some suggest that patients improve by learning to adapt to a chronic condition, others think that recovery is possible. The objective of this study was to find out whether recovery from CFS is possible after CBT.The outcome of a cohort of 96 patients treated for CFS with CBT was studied. The definition of recovery was based on the absence of the criteria for CFS set up by the Center for Disease Control (CDC), but also took into account the perception of the patients' fatigue and their own health. Data from healthy population norms were used in calculating conservative thresholds for recovery.After treatment, 69% of the patients no longer met the CDC criteria for CFS. The percentage of recovered patients depended on the criteria used for recovery. Using the most comprehensive definition of recovery, 23% of the patients fully recovered. Fewer patients with a co-morbid medical condition recovered.Significant improvement following CBT is probable and a full recovery is possible. Sharing this information with patients can raise the expectations of the treatment, which may enhance outcomes without raising false hopes.
Modulation of Type I immediate and Type IV delayed immunoreactivity using direct suggestion and guided imagery during hypnosis
Authors: R. ZACHARIAE, P. BJERRING, L. ARENDT‐NIELSEN
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Cutaneous reactivity against histamine skin prick test (Type I) and purified tuberculin protein derivative (Mantoux reaction, Type IV) was studied in eight volunteers under hypnosis. Types I and IV immunoreactivity were modulated by direct suggestion (Type I) and guided imagery (Type IV). The volunteers were highly susceptible subjects, selected by means of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. When the volunteers underwent hypnotic suggestion to decrease the cutaneous reaction to histamine prick test, a significant ( P &lt; 0.02) reduction of the flare reaction (area of erythema) was observed compared with control histamine skin prick tests. The wheal reaction did not respond to hypnotic suggestion. Neither wheal nor flare reaction could be increased in size by hypnotic suggestion compared with control histamine skin prick tests. A hypnotic suggestion of increasing the Type IV reaction on one arm and decreasing the reaction on the other revealed a significant difference in both erythema size ( P &lt; 0.02) and palpable induration ( P &lt; 0.01). In two cases the reactions were monitored by laser doppler blood flowmetry and skin thickness measurement by ultrasound. The difference between the suggested increased and decreased reaction was 19% for the laser doppler bloodflow (in favor of the augmented side), and 44% for the dermal infiltrate thickness. This study objectively supports the numerous uncontrolled case reports of modulation of immunoreactivity in allergic diseases involving both Type I and Type IV skin reactions following hypnotic suggestions.
Simple and complicated hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult
Authors: W. M. Keynes
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS From this study of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults it is concluded that the cause is essentially genetic and the condition is due to the persistence or late development of 'congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis'.Focal hypertrophy involving only a portion of the pylorus may occur.A detailed study of the clinical, pathological, and radiological features is presented.on July 12,
IL-6 plays an obligatory role in late preconditioning via JAK?STAT signaling and upregulation of iNOS and COX-2
Authors: B DAWN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

We sought to determine whether interleukin (IL)-6 modulates myocardial infarction or the late phase of preconditioning (PC).Wild-type and IL-6(-/-) mice underwent a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion with or without six cycles of coronary occlusion/reperfusion 24 h earlier. Myocardial IL-6 protein expression, activation of Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and JAK2, and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 after ischemic PC protocol were examined. The expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 was determined 24 h after the PC ischemia.In preconditioned wild-type mice, infarct size was reduced from 60.5+/-2.6% of the risk region to 33.5+/-3.6%, indicating a late PC effect. In nonpreconditioned IL-6(-/-) mice, infarct size was similar to that observed in wild-type mice (59.9+/-3.8%), indicating that the deletion of IL-6 has no effect on infarct size. However, in preconditioned IL-6(-/-) mice, infarct size was not reduced (65.1+/-3.1%), indicating that the infarct-sparing effect was completely abrogated. Ischemic PC increased the expression of IL-6 in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes in the ischemic/reperfused zone. In IL-6(-/-) mice, the ischemic PC-induced activation of JAK1 and JAK2 and STAT1 and STAT3 was significantly reduced, and the increase in iNOS and COX-2 protein expression 24 h after the PC ischemia was markedly attenuated.IL-6 does not modulate myocardial infarct size in naïve myocardium. However, following a PC stimulus, IL-6 is obligatorily required for the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, the ensuing upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 (co-mediators of late PC), and the development of a cardioprotective phenotype.
Decline of lung function in adults with bronchial asthma.
Authors: C S Ulrik, P Lange
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To investigate the annual decline of lung function in subjects with self-reported asthma, we analyzed data from a longitudinal epidemiologic study. The Copenhagen City Heart Study. The study sample consisted of 10,952 subjects (4,824 men), 20 to 90 yr of age, randomly selected from the city of Copenhagen followed over a 5-yr period. The overall prevalence of asthma was 3.7% (n = 177) in men and 3.6% (n = 219) in women. Subjects who reported asthma at the first examination had, in general, lower values for lung function than did nonasthmatic subjects, which was also the case for subjects who developed asthma during follow-up (new asthma). The annual loss of FEV1 increased with age among both asthmatics and nonasthmatics. Multiple regression analysis showed a higher decline of FEV1 in subjects with new asthma. The excess decline was, on average, 39 ml/yr in men (p = 0.002) and 11 ml/yr in women (NS), respectively, compared with that in nonasthmatic subjects. In subjects with chronic asthma, the decline was not increased compared with that in nonasthmatic subjects. Separate analyses of lifelong nonsmokers revealed that the excess decline of FEV1 in subjects with new asthma was, on average, 33 ml/yr, whereas it was not significantly increased in subjects with chronic asthma. In conclusion, this study of a large sample from the general population showed that the rate of decline of FEV1 is increased in subjects with new asthma, whereas in subjects with chronic asthma the decline of FEV1 did not differ significantly from the decline in the nonasthmatic subjects.