tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelin-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of p125 focal adhesion kinase in mesangial cells.
Authors: M Haneda, R Kikkawa, D Koya, T Shikano, T Sugimoto, M Togawa, Y Shigeta
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to induce the contraction and proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells. Because ET-1 was found to stimulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of unidentified cellular proteins in cultured mesangial cells, protein tyrosine kinase might serve as one of the important signals leading to various functions of ET-1. Focal adhesion kinase (p125FAK) is a newly identified cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase that is activated by the phosphorylation of its own tyrosine residue. Because p125FAK was found to play a role in the signal transduction of not only integrins but also various neurotransmitters, including bombesin, endothelin, and vasopressin in Swiss 3T3 cells and Rat-1 fibroblasts, whether ET-1 could stimulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK in glomerular mesangial cells was examined. ET-1 stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK by threefold to fourfold in cultured mesangial cells. This effect of ET-1 was detected at 1 min and reached a maximum within 5 min and was blocked by BQ-123, an antagonist for ETA receptor. A23187, a calcium ionophore, failed to stimulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK, and ET-1 was able to stimulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK, even in a calcium-free medium. The activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate resulted in a stimulation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK, and an inhibition of PKC by calphostin C or staurosporine significantly reduced the effect of ET-1. Furthermore, prolonged treatment of the cells with phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate markedly inhibited the ET-1-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK. These results indicate that p125FAK might play a role in a signal transduction system of ET-1 in glomerular mesangial cells and that the ET-1-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK is largely dependent on the PKC pathway.
Can computed tomography quantify pulmonary emphysema?
Authors: PA Gevenois, JC Yernault
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

In the last decade, several studies have suggested the possible role of computed tomography (CT) in the detection and the quantification of pulmonary emphysema. In order to verify whether this new method is adequately validated, this article gives an overview of these studies. The review shows that most of the studies used conventional CT and were based on visual scoring. Only a few were based on high resolution CT (HRCT) or concerned objective measurements of computed density. In addition, only a few studies included normal subjects and distinguished centrilobular from panlobular emphysema. The number of scans obtained in each study is extremely variable, whilst the minimum number necessary to provide accurate results remains unknown. Recently, automatic objective procedures which are truly quantitative and are applicable to HRCT have been made available. They should take the place of subjective scoring methods but further studies, based on macroscopic as well as on microscopic comparisons, are needed to validate and to standardize these techniques.
Modifications in glomerular polyanion distribution in adriamycin nephrosis.
Authors: E Skutelsky, S Hartzan, R Socher, U Gafter
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

Previous reports have suggested that, in proteinuria induced by adriamycin (ADR), the functional size barrier of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is altered as the result of a sieving defect, whereas the functional charge barrier of the glomeruli remains intact. The aim of this study was to reevaluate the effect of ADR on anionic constituents in the glomerular capillary wall (GCW). Kidneys of nephrotic rats, induced by the injection of 7.5 mg/kg ADR, and controls were resected, and cortices were isolated 24 h and 10 days postinjection, fixed with formaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin. For the histochemical evaluation of sialyl residues, deparafinized sections were treated with biotin-labeled peanut agglutinin (PNA), before or after neuraminidase treatment. PNA binding was visualized by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and interacted with hydrogen peroxide and diaminobenzidine. For electron microscopy, kidney cortices were fixed with glutaraldehyde and embedded in araldite or LR-white. The postembedding localization of anionic sites was carried out by cationic colloidal gold (CCG), directly applied on thin LR-white sections. Although in the 24-h ADR group, kidney functions and glomerular morphology were generally unaltered, the 10-day ADR group exhibited severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and massive fusion of intercalated foot processes of the podocytes. Intense PNA binding was observed after neuraminidase treatment in the GCW of the controls. This was gradually decreased in the 24-h ADR kidneys and further decreased in the 10-day ADR, indicating a gradual decrease in glomerular sialic acid content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intra-aortic balloon pumping: seven years' experience.
Authors: W T Vigneswaran, I J Reece, K G Davidson
Journal: Thorax (1985)

The indications for intra-aortic balloon pumping vary widely from country to country and from one cardiac surgical unit to another. Its use in Glasgow from 1976 to 1983 in 63 patients has been reviewed. Six of the patients (9.5%) had the intra-aortic balloon inserted before cardiac surgery, 43 (68.2%) at the time of surgery, and 14 (22.2%) in the postoperative period. Of the 63 patients, 11 could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass despite intra-aortic balloon pumping, and died in the operating room. A further 35 patients had intra-aortic balloon pumping but died in the immediate postoperative period. Seventeen patients (27%) survived from six weeks to 3.3 years after receiving the support of intra-aortic balloon pumping. There was major morbidity in 11 patients (17%), all of whom developed degrees of ischaemia due to ileofemoral arterial obstruction in the leg in which the balloon was inserted. The conservative use of the method in this centre is reflected in the high mortality of these patients.
Safety and activity of BTK inhibitor ibrutinib combined with ofatumumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a phase 1b/2 study
Authors: Samantha M. Jaglowski, Jeffrey A. Jones, Veena Nagar, Joseph M. Flynn, Leslie A. Andritsos, Kami J. Maddocks, Jennifer A. Woyach, Kristie A. Blum, Michael R. Grever, Kelly Smucker, Amy S. Ruppert, Nyla A. Heerema, Gerard Lozanski, Mona Stefanos, Brian Munneke, Jamie-Sue West, Jutta K. Neuenburg, Danelle F. James, Nathan Hall, Amy J. Johnson, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2015)
Role of the autonomic nervous system in cardioprotection by remote preconditioning in isoflurane-anaesthetized dogs
Authors: J. G. Kingma, D. Simard, P. Voisine, J. R. Rouleau
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

AimsRemote ischaemic preconditioning (rIPC) protects cardiac and non-cardiac tissues against ischaemic injury. Although there is increased demand to investigate its potential clinical applicability, fundamental mechanisms responsible for rIPC-mediated protection remain unresolved. We examined in isoflurane-anaesthetized dogs whether an intact cardiac nervous system was necessary to mediate rIPC protection against ischaemic injury.
Chronic pruritic neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis in a patient with Behcet's disease
Authors: T.E.C. Nijsten, L. Meuleman, J. Lambert
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a rare distinct entity that usually presents as asymptomatic erythematous papules that disappear spontaneously in 1-3 weeks. However, its appearance may be polymorphic, pruritic, recurrent or even chronic as is described in this case. The histological combination of neutrophilic infiltration in and necrosis of the eccrine secretory gland epithelium is highly characteristic for NEH. It typically occurs in patients receiving chemotherapeutic drugs for malignancies, but other associations have also been reported. To our knowledge, we report the first case of NEH in a patient with Behçet's disease (BD). Cutaneous manifestations of BD, an inflammatory systemic disorder of unknown origin, include neutrophilic dermatoses such as Sweet's syndrome and pyoderma gangrenosum, although these are unusual in BD. NEH could be another neutrophilic dermatosis related to BD. This observation suggests that NEH is not strictly related to chemotherapeutic drugs and malignancies. It appears to be a reactive dermatosis associated with other factors as well, including BD. Treatment was successful with dapsone 100 mg daily.
Did Mozart die of kidney disease? A review from the bicentennial of his death.
Authors: E N Guillery
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

There has been a tremendous interest in the circumstances of Mozart's death. Theories of head trauma, poisoning, heart disease, and most prominently, renal failure have all appeared recently in scholarly musicology publications, the lay press, and the medical literature. The purpose of this article is to present the evidence behind each of these theories. Although this review cannot be considered comprehensive, with the overview provided, it will be shown that few conclusions can be drawn.
High Rates of Sustained Smoking Cessation in Women Hospitalized With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Erika S. Sivarajan Froelicher, Nancy Houston Miller, Dianne J. Christopherson, Kirsten Martin, Kathleen M. Parker, Marcy Amonetti, Zhen Lin, Min Sohn, Neal Benowitz, C.B. Taylor, Peter Bacchetti
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Although men hospitalized with cardiovascular disease (CVD) show high smoking-cessation rates, similar data for women are lacking. We tested the efficacy of smoking-cessation intervention in women hospitalized for CVD.In this randomized controlled trial conducted from 1996 to 2001, 277 women diagnosed with CVD (mean age 61+/-10 years) were randomly assigned within 1 of 12 San Francisco Bay Area hospitals to a usual-care group (UG; n=135) or intervention group (IG; n=142). Baseline histories were obtained, and interviews to ascertain self-reported smoking status occurred at 6, 12, 24, and 30 months after hospitalization. The UG received strong physician's advice, a self-help pamphlet, and a list of community resources. The IG received strong physician's advice and a nurse-managed cognitive behavioral relapse-prevention intervention at bedside, with telephone contact at intervals after discharge. The groups were similar demographically and had smoked cigarettes for a median of 38 (IG) or 40 (UG) years. Time to resumption of continuous smoking was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and risk differences between groups were determined. Time smoke-free was significantly greater for the IG than the UG (P=0.038). Point prevalence for nonsmoking at the interviews was somewhat greater for the IG than the UG (P>0.15 at all times).Cognitive behavioral intervention resulted in longer average times to resumption of smoking, but in these 2 groups of older women with limited social and financial resources, long-term success rates were similar. Systematic identification of smokers and even the brief intervention afforded the UG yielded a high smoking-cessation rate over time.
The V–J Recombination of T Cell Receptor-γ Genes Is Blocked in Interleukin-7 Receptor–deficient Mice
Authors: Kazushige Maki, Shinji Sunaga, Koichi Ikuta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

IL-7R-deficient mice have severely impaired expansion of early lymphocytes and lack gamma delta T cells. To elucidate the role of IL-7R on gamma delta T cell development, we analyzed the rearrangements of TCR-alpha, beta, gamma, and delta genes in the thymus of the IL-7R-deficient mice. Southern blot analysis with a J gamma 1 probe revealed that more than 70% of J gamma 1 and J gamma 2 alleles are recombined to form distinct V gamma 1.2-J gamma 2 and V gamma 2-J gamma 1 fragments in control mice. On the contrary, no such recombination was detected in the mutant mice. The rearrangements in the TCR-alpha, beta, and delta loci were comparably observed in control and mutant mice. PCR analysis indicated that the V-J recombination of all the V gamma genes is severely hampered in the mutant mice. The mRNA of RAG-1, RAG-2, Ku-80, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) genes was equally detected between control and mutant thymi, suggesting that the expression of common recombination machinery is not affected. These data demonstrated that the V-J recombination of the TCR gamma genes is specifically blocked in the IL-7R-deficient mice and suggested the presence of highly specific regulation for TCR gamma gene rearrangement.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Stimulates Chondrogenic and Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Pericytes
Authors: John Paul Kirton, Nicola J. Crofts, Sarah J. George, Keith Brennan, Ann E. Canfield
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The aberrant differentiation of pericytes along the adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages may contribute to the development and progression of several vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and calcific vasculopathies. However, the mechanisms controlling pericyte differentiation and, in particular, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation are poorly defined. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates cell differentiation during embryonic and postnatal development, and there is increasing evidence that it is involved in vascular pathology. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates the chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation of pericytes. We demonstrate that pericytes express several Wnt receptors, including LDL receptor–related proteins 5 and 6, and Frizzled 1 to 4 and 7, 8, and 10, and that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is stimulated by both Wnt3a and LiCl. Furthermore, induction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by LiCl enhances chondrogenesis in pericyte pellet cultures in the presence of transforming growth factor-β3, as demonstrated by increased Sox-9 expression and glycosaminoglycan accumulation into the matrix. In contrast, transduction of pericytes with a recombinant adenovirus encoding dominant-negative T-cell factor-4 (RAd/dnTCF), which blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling, inhibited chondrogenesis, leading to reduced Sox-9 and type II collagen expression and less glycosaminoglycan accumulation. Together, these data demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β3 induces the chondrogenic differentiation of pericytes by inducing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and T-cell factor–induced gene transcription. Induction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling also attenuates adipogenic differentiation of pericytes in both pellet and monolayer cultures, as demonstrated by decreased staining with oil red O and reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 expression. This effect was negated by transduction of pericytes with RAd/dnTCF. Together, these results demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibits adipogenic and enhances chondrogenic differentiation of pericytes.
Anti-inflammatory capacity of lactobacilli peptidoglycan: mucosal and systemic routes of administration promote similar effects - The Authors' reply: Figure 1
Authors: Corinne Grangette, Elise Macho-Fernandez, Bruno Pot
Journal: Gut (2011)

We thank Professor Matuchansky1 for his interest in our recent study.2 The strain specificity of the anti-inflammatory capacity of peptidoglycan (PGN) derived from probiotic lactobacilli was indeed shown using the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid colitis model and via the intraperitoneal route. We totally agree, however, that the relevant way of probiotic administration for clinical application is indeed the oral route. Related to this, it might be …
Induction Chemotherapy Meta-Analysis in Head and Neck Cancer: Right Answer, Wrong Question
Authors: Arlene A. Forastiere, David J. Adelstein, Judi Manola
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

to 0.86; P .001) was demonstrated for concomitant treatment. 3 Nooverallsurvivalbenefitwasidentifiedfromtheinductionchemotherapyschedules,althoughamarginalimprovementwasseenin those trials using the fluorouracil and cisplatin combination. Patterns of failure differed between the two treatment schedules. Induction chemotherapy significantly improved the rate of distant metastases (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.88; P .001) but did not influence locoregional failure. The concomitant schedules markedly improved the locoregional control (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.79; P .001) with a significant but less impressive improvement in distant control (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.00; P .04). These reports solidified concomitant chemoradiotherapy as a treatment standard in the definitive management of locoregionally advanced HNSCC. Induction chemotherapy remained investigational except in the larynx preservation setting. Thisclearimpactondistantmetastasesfueledcontinuedinterest
Expression of Bcl-XL Restores Cell Survival, but Not Proliferation and Effector Differentiation, in Cd28-Deficient T Lymphocytes
Authors: A. Maria Dahl, Christoph Klein, Pietro G. Andres, Cheryl A. London, Michael P. Lodge, Richard C. Mulligan, Abul K. Abbas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Lymphocytes deficient in the T cell costimulatory molecule CD28 exhibit defects in cell survival, clonal expansion, and differentiation into effector cells. It is known that CD28-mediated signaling results in the upregulation of the Bcl family member Bcl-XL. To investigate the role that Bcl-XL plays in the various functions of CD28, we expressed Bcl-XL in CD28-deficient primary T lymphocytes using retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. T cells were activated in vitro and infected with Bcl-XL or control retroviruses; this method allows gene expression in activated, cycling cells. Expression of Bcl-XL in naive T cells was achieved by reconstitution of the immune system of lethally irradiated recipient mice with retrovirus-infected purified bone marrow stem cells from CD28−/− or wild-type donor mice. Our studies demonstrate that Bcl-XL prolongs the survival of CD28−/− T cells but does not restore normal proliferation or effector cell development. These results indicate that the various functions of CD28 can be dissociated, and provide an experimental approach for testing the roles of downstream signals in the functions of cellular receptors such as CD28.
Phase II study of preoperative oxaliplatin, capecitabine and external beam radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: the RadiOxCape study
Authors: J.-P. Machiels, L. Duck, B. Honhon, B. Coster, J.-C. Coche, P. Scalliet, Y. Humblet, S. Aydin, J. Kerger, V. Remouchamps, J.-L. Canon, P. Van Maele, L. Gilbeau, S. Laurent, C. Kirkove, M. Octave-Prignot, J.-F. Baurain, A. Kartheuser, C. Sempoux
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Autologous spermatogonial stem cell transplantation in man: current obstacles for a future clinical application
Authors: Mieke Geens, Ellen Goossens, Gert De Block, Liang Ning, Dorien Van Saen, Herman Tournaye
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2008)

Fertility preservation is becoming an important issue in the management of the quality of life of prepubertal boys undergoing cancer treatment. At present, the only theoretical option for preservation of fertility in these boys is the preservation of the spermatogonial stem cells for autologous intratesticular stem cell transplantation. In animal models, this technique has shown promising results. However, before translation to the clinic, some major concerns should be evaluated. Improving the efficiency of the technique is one of the first goals for further research, besides evaluation of the safety of the clinical application. Also, the cryopreservation of the spermatogonial stem cells needs extra attention, since this first step will be crucial in the success of any clinical application. Another concern is the risk of malignant contamination of the testicular tissue in childhood cancer patients. Extensive research in this field and especially on the feasibility of decontaminating the testicular tissue will be inevitable. Another important, though overlooked, issue is the prevention of damage to the testicular niche cells. Finally, xenografting and in vitro proliferation/maturation of the spermatogonia should be studied as alternatives for the transplantation technique.
Transcriptional Regulation of Nephrin Gene by Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Agonist
Authors: Ariela Benigni, Carla Zoja, Susanna Tomasoni, Marco Campana, Daniela Corna, Cristina Zanchi, Elena Gagliardini, Elvira Garofano, Daniela Rottoli, Takahito Ito, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

The renoprotective potential of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist pioglitazone was explored in an immune model of progressive nephropathy, passive Heymann nephritis (PHN), compared with that of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, taken as standard therapy for renoprotection. PHN rats received orally vehicle, pioglitazone (10 mg/kg twice daily), or candesartan (1 mg/kg twice daily) from months 2 to 8. Pioglitazone reduced proteinuria as effectively as candesartan and limited renal functional and structural changes. Kidneys from untreated PHN rats showed lower nephrin mRNA and protein than controls, both restored by pioglitazone. The effect was seen both early and late during the course of the disease. Whether the antiproteinuric effect of pioglitazone could be due to its effect on nephrin gene transcription also was investigated. HK-2 cells were transfected with plasmids that harbor the luciferase gene under portions (2-kb or 325-bp) of human nephrin gene promoter that contain putative peroxisome proliferator-responsive elements (PPRE) and incubated with pioglitazone (10 muM). Transcriptional activity of luciferase gene was highly increased by pioglitazone, with the strongest expression achieved with the 325-bp fragment. Increase in luciferase activity was prevented by bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, a PPAR-gamma synthetic antagonist. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments showed a direct interaction of PPAR/retinoid X receptor heterodimers to PPRE present in the enhancer region of the nephrin promoter. In conclusion, pioglitazone exerts an antiproteinuric effect in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis as angiotensin II receptor antagonist does. Enhancement of nephrin gene transcription through specific PPRE in its promoter discloses a novel mechanism of renoprotection for PPAR-gamma agonists.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON HUMAN PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS
Authors: Frederick Aladjem, Miriam Lieberman, John W. Gofman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Low density human plasma lipoproteins S(f) 17+, S(f) 13, and S(f) 6, high density lipoproteins 2 and 3, and a lipoprotein-free plasma protein fraction were isolated from human plasma by ultracentrifugal methods. It was found that human plasma lipoproteins are immunochemically distinct from the non-lipoprotein containing plasma protein fraction. Lipoprotein fractions of a given hydrated density, isolated from different individuals, were found to be immunochemically indistinguishable by qualitative absorption tests. Qualitative antigenic differences were shown to exist between low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins. Quantitative precipitin reactions showed that low density lipoproteins S(f) 6 and S(f) 13 were immunochemically very similar. However, they differed with respect to the amount of antigen nitrogen required for maximum precipitation. Agar diffusion analyses were performed; the results suggest heterogeneity of lipoproteins by this criterion.