tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Consort hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: R Merget, I Sander, S Ewig, J Sennekamp, T Bruening
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

To date, there is little information in the literature that hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to birds may occur without direct contact to birds. A 62-yr-old pensioner developed mild flu-like symptoms, fatigue and polyuria several hours after each meeting with his new female partner, either in hotels or his apartment. After divorcing from her ex-husband, who was a canary fancier, the female had moved into a bungalow ∼6 months earlier. When the couple met for the first time at the bungalow, the patient's symptoms worsened and he developed shortness of breath. The patient had never entered the bird house or the married couple's house. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis was demonstrated by chest radiography, computed tomography, a restrictive ventilatory defect, decreased diffusion capacity and hypoxaemia after physical exercise. Sensitisation to canaries was shown by immunoassays. Canary antigens were detected by a polyclonal immunoassay at different locations of the married couple's house and the female's bungalow, where no birds had ever been kept. In conclusion, hypersensitivity pneumonitis should be recognised as a further consort disease, i.e. a disease that can be transmitted by partners.
Aortic Rupture Into the Esophagus During Angiography
Authors: H. Thompson Dale
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A 67-year-old woman was examined and found to have symptoms and chest roentgenogram suggesting acute aortic dissection. During emergency angiography, massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding developed, and the woman died. The angiogram showed a raised intimal flap of acute dissecting aneurysm. Postmortem examination showed extensive cystic medial necrosis, aortic dilation, and an unusual combination of anatomic abnormalities, which explained the previously unreported false-positive intimal flap. The site of aortic rupture was not localized, but a large tear was found in the esophagus. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1880-1881, 1978)
Human Lymphoma-Lymphoma Hybrids and Lymphoma-Leukemia Hybrids. II. Epstein-Barr Virus Induction Patterns&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G Klein, J Zeuthen, R Ber, I Ernberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

In addition to the spontaneous expression of markers of the early and late phases of the viral cycle [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), early viral cycle antigens (EA), and viral capsid antigen (VCA)] by a Panel of hybrid cell lines derived by fusion of human hematopoietic cell lines, the induction of these markers by three chemical inducers [5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), and sodium butyrate] were analyzed. A variant of the prototype producer of lytic EBV, P3HR-1 (PICAT) was observed to show consistent low spontaneous and induced production of EA and VCA as compared to the P3HR-1 line from which it was derived. An "autohybrid" (PICATPO-1) between these two lines showed a low production of VCA. Hybrids between Raji and P3HR-1 sublines (RUD-PICAT-1 and RUDPUT-2) showed reduced expression of EBV antigens. Both hybrids were capable of VCA expression, in contrast to the Raji parent that expressed EA but not VCA. A new Raji-Daudi hybrid (DITRUD-1) expressed spontaneous and induced EA and VCA at levels intermediate between its two parents. A different type of hybrid was derived from a Daudi subline and the K562 leukemia cell line (DUTKO-1) and was found to be capable of spontaneous as well as induced EA and VCA expression. Both DUTKO-1 and DITRUD-1 were similar to Daudi in their induction profile in respect to a very low response to TPA.
Effects of right ventricular ischemia on left ventricular geometry and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship in the dog.
Authors: Y Goto, J Yamamoto, M Saito, K Haze, T Sumiyoshi, K Fukami, K Hiramori
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We studied the effects of right ventricular ischemia on left ventricular three-dimensional geometry and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship in 16 open-chest dogs before and after pericardiectomy. Left ventricular volume was calculated from three internal dimensions measured with ultrasonic crystals. In one group of eight dogs, right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion for 2 min with the pericardium intact reduced aortic flow by 24 +/- 9% (p less than .001) and septal-lateral dimension by 8 +/- 5% (p less than .01), without changing anterior-posterior and apical-basal dimensions. However, parameters of left ventricular systolic function (aortic flow, left ventricular systolic pressure, peak dP/dt, and mean percent systolic shortening) were similar to those observed at a comparable level of left ventricular end-diastolic volume during inferior vena caval occlusion. In the other group of eight dogs, during RCA occlusion before pericardiectomy the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship determined during rapid blood transfusion shifted leftward and upward significantly from the preocclusion relationship. After pericardiectomy, RCA occlusion caused less significant changes in aortic flow and septal-lateral dimension as well as in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship. We concluded that right ventricular ischemia causes a leftward shift of the interventricular septum in end-diastole and an alteration of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship without changing left ventricular myocardial performance. These changes are enhanced by the intact pericardium.
Complex apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particles are associated with a higher rate of progression of human chronic renal insufficiency.
Authors: O Samuelsson, P O Attman, C Knight-Gibson, R Larsson, H Mulec, L Weiss, P Alaupovic
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

Chronic renal failure is characterized by specific alterations of the lipoprotein metabolism. It has been suggested that renal dyslipoproteinemia contributes to the progression of renal dysfunction. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of different apoB-containing lipoprotein families on the progressive decline of renal function in patients with moderately advanced chronic renal failure. As part of a larger prospective study, 44 adult nondiabetic patients with primary chronic renal disease were followed with repeated GFR measurements for an average of 2.4 (SD 1.0) yr. Patients' characteristic variables, including plasma levels of lipids, apolipoproteins (apo), and apoA- and apoB-containing lipoprotein families (LP), were determined at the beginning of the observation period. The baseline variables were prospectively related, using linear regression, to the rate of progression (deltaGFR). The patient study group had a mean GFR at baseline of 40.3 (SD 16.7) ml/min per 1.73 m2 body surface area. The average rate of progression was a yearly decline in GFR of -3.2 (SD 5.1) ml/min per 1.73 m2 body surface area. A strong association was observed between the plasma concentration of complex, triglyceride-rich apoB-containing lipoproteins (LP-Bc) and the rate of progression (r=0.43, P < 0.01), whereas there was no association between the cholesterol-rich apoB-containing lipoproteins (LP-B) and deltaGFR. The association between the levels of LP-Bc and the rate of progression was not dependent on the baseline values of GFR, BP, and the degree of proteinuria. The results of this study extend earlier observations regarding the importance of renal dyslipoproteinemia for progressive renal insufficiency. In particular, elevated levels of intact or partially metabolized triglyceride-rich apoB-containing lipoproteins of intermediate- and low-density ranges seem to promote the progression of human renal insufficiency.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Treatment of High-Risk Febrile Neutropenia: a Multicenter Randomized Trial
Authors: R. Garcia-Carbonero, J. I. Mayordomo, M. V. Tornamira, M. Lopez-Brea, A. Rueda, V. Guillem, A. Arcediano, A. Yubero, F. Ribera, C. Gomez, A. Tres, J. L. Perez-Gracia, C. Lumbreras, J. Hornedo, H. Cortes-Funes, L. Paz-Ares
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) have been shown to help prevent febrile neutropenia in certain subgroups of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, but their role in treating febrile neutropenia is controversial. The purpose of our study was to evaluate-in a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial-the efficacy of adding G-CSF to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment of patients with solid tumors and high-risk febrile neutropenia.A total of 210 patients with solid tumors treated with conventional-dose chemotherapy who presented with fever and grade IV neutropenia were considered to be eligible for the trial. They met at least one of the following high-risk criteria: profound neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <100/mm(3)), short latency from previous chemotherapy cycle (<10 days), sepsis or clinically documented infection at presentation, severe comorbidity, performance status of 3-4 (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale), or prior inpatient status. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive the antibiotics ceftazidime and amikacin, with or without G-CSF (5 microg/kg per day). The primary study end point was the duration of hospitalization. All P values were two-sided.Patients randomly assigned to receive G-CSF had a significantly shorter duration of grade IV neutropenia (median, 2 days versus 3 days; P = 0.0004), antibiotic therapy (median, 5 days versus 6 days; P = 0.013), and hospital stay (median, 5 days versus 7 days; P = 0.015) than patients in the control arm. The incidence of serious medical complications not present at the initial clinical evaluation was 10% in the G-CSF group and 17% in the control group (P = 0.12), including five deaths in each study arm. The median cost of hospital stay and the median overall cost per patient admission were reduced by 17% (P = 0.01) and by 11% (P = 0.07), respectively, in the G-CSF arm compared with the control arm.Adding G-CSF to antibiotic therapy shortens the duration of neutropenia, reduces the duration of antibiotic therapy and hospitalization, and decreases hospital costs in patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia.
Serpins in Prokaryotes
Authors: James A. Irving, Peter J. M. Steenbakkers, Arthur M. Lesk, Huub J. M. Op den Camp, Robert N. Pike, James C. Whisstock
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Members of the serpin (serine proteinase inhibitor) superfamily have been identified in higher multicellular eukaryotes (plants and animals) and viruses but not in bacteria, archaea, or fungi. Thus, the ancestral serpin and the origin of the serpin inhibitory mechanism remain obscure. In this study we characterize 12 serpin-like sequences in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms, extending this protein family to all major branches of life. Notably, these organisms live in dramatically different environments and some are evolutionarily distantly related. A sequence-based analysis suggests that all 12 serpins are inhibitory. Despite considerable sequence divergence between the proteins, in four of the 12 sequences the region of the serpin that determines proteinase specificity is highly conserved, indicating that these inhibitors are likely to share a common target. Inhibitory serpins are typically prone to polymerization upon heating; thus, the existence of serpins in the moderate thermophilic bacterium Thermobifida fusca, the thermophilic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis, and the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum is of particular interest. Using molecular modeling, we predict the means by which heat stability in the latter protein may be achieved without compromising inhibitory activity.
Semaphorin-3F Is an Inhibitor of Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Ofra Kessler, Niva Shraga-Heled, Tali Lange, Noga Gutmann-Raviv, Edmond Sabo, Limor Baruch, Marcelle Machluf, Gera Neufeld
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The neuropilin-1 (np1) and neuropilin-2 (np2) receptors form complexes with type-A plexins. These complexes serve as signaling receptors for specific class-3 semaphorins. Np1 and np2 function in addition as receptors for heparin-binding forms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), such as VEGF165. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express tyrosine-kinase receptors for VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), as well as np1, np2, and several type-A plexins. We have found that semaphorin-3F (s3f), a semaphorin which signals through the np2 receptor, was able to inhibit VEGF165, as well as bFGF-induced proliferation of HUVECs. Furthermore, s3f inhibited VEGF as well as bFGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2. Our experiments indicate that bFGF does not bind to neuropilins, nor does s3f inhibit the binding of bFGF to FGF receptors. It is therefore possible that s3f inhibits the activity of bFGF by a mechanism that requires active s3f signal transduction rather than by inhibition of bFGF binding to FGF receptors. s3f also inhibited VEGF165, as well as bFGF-induced in vivo angiogenesis as determined by the alginate micro-encapsulation and Matrigel plug assays. Overexpression of s3f in tumorigenic human HEK293 cells inhibited their tumor-forming ability but not their proliferation in cell culture. The tumors that did develop from s3f-expressing HEK293 cells developed at a much slower rate and had a significantly lower concentration of tumor-associated blood vessels, indicating that s3f is an inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis.
Influence of moving to the UK on maternal health behaviours: prospective cohort study
Authors: Summer Sherburne Hawkins, Kate Lamb, Tim J Cole, Catherine Law
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To compare health behaviours during pregnancy (smoking and alcohol consumption) and after birth (initiation and duration of breast feeding) between British/Irish white mothers and mothers from ethnic minority groups; and, in mothers from ethnic minority groups, to examine whether indicators of acculturation (generational status, language spoken at home, length of residency in the United Kingdom) were associated with these health behaviours. <b>Design</b> Prospective nationally representative cohort study. <b>Setting</b> England. <b>Participants</b> 6478 British/Irish white mothers and 2110 mothers from ethnic minority groups. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Any smoking during pregnancy; any alcohol consumption during pregnancy; initiation of breast feeding; breast feeding for at least four months. <b>Results</b> Compared with British/Irish white mothers, mothers from ethnic minority groups were less likely to smoke (15% <i>v</i> 37%) or consume alcohol (14% <i>v</i> 37%) during pregnancy but more likely to initiate breast feeding (86% <i>v</i> 69%) and breast feed for at least four months (40% <i>v</i> 27%). Among mothers from ethnic minority groups, first and second generation mothers were more likely to smoke during pregnancy (odds ratio 3.85, 95% confidence interval 2.50 to 5.93, and 4.70, 2.49 to 8.90, respectively), less likely to initiate breast feeding (0.92, 0.88 to 0.97, and 0.86, 0.75 to 0.99), and less likely to breast feed for at least four months (0.72, 0.62 to 0.83, and 0.52, 0.30 to 0.89) than immigrants, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. There were no consistent differences in alcohol consumption. Among immigrants, for every additional five years spent in the UK the likelihood of mothers smoking during pregnancy increased by 31% (4% to 66%) and they were 5% (0% to 10%) less likely to breast feed for at least four months. <b>Conclusions</b> After immigration, maternal health behaviours worsen with length of residency in the UK. Health professionals should not underestimate women's likelihood of engaging in risky health behaviours because of their ethnicity.
703 LONG TERM EFFICACY, SAFETY AND RESISTANCE ANALYSES OF ENTECAVIR (ETV) TREATMENT IN JAPANESE NUCLEOSIDE-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB)
Authors: S. Mochida, K. Takaguchi, O. Yokosuka, S. Fujioka, N. Hayashi, M. Shindo, K. Chayama, J. Toyota, H. Ishikawa, T. Seriu, O. Omata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Inspiratory pressure support prolongs exercise induced lactataemia in severe COPD
Authors: M. I Polkey
Journal: Thorax (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> A physiological benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is more probable if exercise is performed above the lactate threshold. This study was undertaken to investigate whether it was possible to extend the lactataemia of exercise using non-invasive inspiratory pressure support (IPS). <h3>METHODS</h3> Plasma lactate levels were measured in eight men with severe COPD who performed two treadmill walks at an identical constant work rate to a condition of severe dyspnoea; the second walk was supported by IPS. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Mean plasma lactate levels before the free and IPS assisted walks were 1.65 mmol/l and 1.53 mmol/l, respectively (p = NS). Lactate levels increased during both walks to 2.96 mmol/l and 2.42 mmol/l, respectively (p = 0.01 for each) but the duration of the IPS assisted walk was significantly greater than the free walk (13.6 minutes versus 5.5 minutes, p = 0.01). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Patients with severe COPD can sustain exercise induced lactataemia for longer if assisted with IPS. This technique may prove to be a useful adjunct in pulmonary rehabilitation.
Evaluation of the incidental and planned activity questionnaire for older people
Authors: K Delbaere, K Hauer, S R Lord
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Objective There is a need for a measure of physical activity that assesses low, basic and high-intensity activities suitable for use in ageing research including falls prevention trials. This study performed a formal validation of the incidental and planned activity questionnaire (IPAQ) by investigating its overall structure and measurement properties. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Community sample. Participants 500 older people (mean age 77.4 years, SD 6.08). Main Outcome Measures The IPAQ was administered as part of a longer assessment in two different postal self-completion formats; one for estimating physical activity during the past week (IPAQ-W) and one for estimating average weekly physical activity over the past 3 months (IPAQ-WA). Test–retest reliability was assessed by the re-administration of the instruments one week later in a subsample of 80 respondents. Results Both IPAQ versions had good measurement properties, but overall the IPAQ-WA performed better than the IPAQ-W. Rasch analyses indicated the IPAQ-WA had an excellent overall fit. Analysis of the internal structure supported the unidimensionality of the scale with an acceptable internal consistency. The content representation of the items revealed three categories (low, moderate and high levels of physical activity), with a good contribution of items by threshold. The IPAQ-WA had excellent test–retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient 0.87) and was able to discriminate differences in physical activity levels between groups differentiated by sex, age and fall risk factors. Conclusions The IPAQ has excellent psychometric properties and assesses the level of physical activity relating to both basic and more demanding activities. Further research is required to confirm sensitivity to change.
Differentiation and long-term survival of C2C12 myoblast grafts in heart.
Authors: G Y Koh, M G Klug, M H Soonpaa, L J Field
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have assessed the ability of skeletal myoblasts to form long-term, differentiated grafts in ventricular myocardium.C2C12 myoblasts were grafted directly into the heart of synge- neic mice.Viable grafts were observed as long as 3 mo after implantation.Immunohistological analyses revealed the presence of differentiated myotubes that stably expressed the skele- tal myosin heavy chain isoform.Thymidine uptake studies indi- cated that virtually all of the grafted skeletal myocytes were withdrawn from the cell cycle by 14 d after grafting.Graft myocytes exhibited ultrastructural characteristics typical of differentiated myotubes.Graft formation and the associated myocardial remodeling did not induce overt cardiac arrhythmia.This study indicates that the myocardium can serve as a stable platform for skeletal myoblast grafts.The long-term sur- vival, differentiated phenotype, and absence of sustained proliferative activity observed in myoblast grafts raise the possibility that similar grafting approaches may be used to replace dis- eased myocardium.Furthermore, the genetic tractability of myoblasts could provide a useful means for the local delivery of recombinant molecules to the heart.(
Species-wide distribution of highly polymorphic minisatellite markers suggests past and present genetic exchanges among house mouse subspecies
Authors: François Bonhomme, Eric Rivals, Annie Orth, Gemma R Grant, Alec J Jeffreys, Philippe RJ Bois
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract Background Four hypervariable minisatellite loci were scored on a panel of 116 individuals of various geographical origins representing a large part of the diversity present in house mouse subspecies. Internal structures of alleles were determined by minisatellite variant repeat mapping PCR to produce maps of intermingled patterns of variant repeats along the repeat array. To reconstruct the genealogy of these arrays of variable length, the specifically designed software MS_Align was used to estimate molecular divergences, graphically represented as neighbor-joining trees. Results Given the high haplotypic diversity detected (mean H e = 0.962), these minisatellite trees proved to be highly informative for tracing past and present genetic exchanges. Examples of identical or nearly identical alleles were found across subspecies and in geographically very distant locations, together with poor lineage sorting among subspecies except for the X-chromosome locus MMS30 in Mus mus musculus. Given the high mutation rate of mouse minisatellite loci, this picture cannot be interpreted only with simple splitting events followed by retention of polymorphism, but implies recurrent gene flow between already differentiated entities. Conclusion This strongly suggests that, at least for the chromosomal regions under scrutiny, wild house mouse subspecies constitute a set of interrelated gene pools still connected through long range gene flow or genetic exchanges occurring in the various contact zones existing nowadays or that have existed in the past. Identifying genomic regions that do not follow this pattern will be a challenging task for pinpointing genes important for speciation.