tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mouse ES cell–derived cardiac precursor cells are multipotent and facilitate identification of novel cardiac genes
Authors: Nicolas Christoforou, Ronald A. Miller, Christine M. Hill, Chunfa C. Jie, Andrew S. McCallion, John D. Gearhart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Although the differentiation of ES cells to cardiomyocytes has been firmly established, the extent to which corresponding cardiac precursor cells can contribute to other cardiac populations remains unclear. To determine the molecular and cellular characteristics of cardiac-fated populations derived from mouse ES (mES) cells, we isolated cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) from differentiating mES cell cultures by using a reporter cell line that expresses GFP under the control of a cardiac-specific enhancer element of Nkx2-5, a transcription factor expressed early in cardiac development. This ES cell-derived CPC population initially expressed genetic markers of both stem cells and mesoderm, while differentiated CPCs displayed markers of 3 distinct cell lineages (cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells)--Flk1 (also known as Kdr), c-Kit, and Nkx2-5, but not Brachyury--and subsequently expressed Isl1. Clonally derived CPCs also demonstrated this multipotent phenotype. By transcription profiling of CPCs, we found that mES cell-derived CPCs displayed a transcriptional signature that paralleled in vivo cardiac development. Additionally, these studies suggested the involvement of genes that we believe were previously unknown to play a role in cardiac development. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ES cell-derived CPCs comprise a multipotent precursor population capable of populating multiple cardiac lineages and suggest that ES cell differentiation is a valid model for studying development of multiple cardiac-fated tissues.
Biomagnetic effects: a consideration in fusion reactor development.
Authors: D D Mahlum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Fusion reactors will utilize powerful magnetic fields for the confinement and heating of plasma and for the diversion of impurities. Large dipole fields generated by the plasma current and the divertor and transformer coils will radiate outward for several hundred meters, resulting in magnetic fields up to 450 gauss in working areas. Since occupational personnel could be exposed to substantial magnetic fields in a fusion power plant, an attempt has been made to assess the possible biological and health consequences of such exposure, using the existing literature. The available data indicate that magnetic fields can interact with biological material to produce effects, although the reported effects are usually small in magnitude and often unconfirmed. The existing data base is judged to be totally inadequate for assessment of potential health and environmental consequences of magnetic fields and for the establishment of appropriate standards. Requisite studies to provide an adequate data base are outlined.
Future Directions in Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry
Authors: S von Ammon Cavanaugh
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Consultation-liaison psychiatry in the United States has had to reassess its priorities with the change in health care economics in the 80 s. Liaison programs and educational programs for primary care staff are jeopardized. The emphasis has shifted from liaison to reimbursable consultation activities. Hospital stays are shorter with emphasis on outpatient and prepaid settings. Less expensive health care professionals are often asked to see patients previously evaluated by psychiatrists. This paper will discuss the need for focused cost-effective liaison services in this climate. Funding strategies for consultation-liaison programs, models of staffing consultation-liaison services, continuity of care from inpatient to outpatient services, integration of consultation-liaison psychiatrists in prepaid health care settings, primary-care educational programs, and psychosocial intervention programs for high-risk primary-care patients will be discussed.
Medical Professionalism and the Future of Public Trust in Physicians
Authors: Noam N. Levey
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Urological abnormalities in young women with severe constipation.
Authors: J J Bannister, W T Lawrence, A Smith, D G Thomas, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1988)

Anorectal and urodynamic studies were carried out in 10 young women with severe constipation and the results compared with those obtained in controls. The lowest volumes that provoked a desire to defecate (constipated 200 +/- 50 v controls 110 +/- 10 [mean +/- SEM] ml: p less than 0.05), and a desire to micturate (constipated 560 +/- 40 v controls 295 +/- 15 [mean +/- SEM] ml: p less than 0.001), were significantly greater in constipated patients compared with controls. The maximum tolerable rectal volume (380 +/- 30 v 290 +/- 20 [mean +/- SEM] ml: p less than 0.05) and the bladder capacity (720 +/- 50 v 540 +/- 10 [mean +/- SEM] ml: p less than 0.001) were also increased in the constipated subjects compared with controls. Electromyographic studies show failure of relaxation of the external anal sphincter (EAS) on attempted defecation in all 10 patients; and eight of these patients actually contracted their EAS when they strained to defecate, causing a functional outlet obstruction. Urodynamic studies showed normal urinary flow rates, normal detrusor pressures and normal radiology during voiding. Thus, these studies suggest that constipated patients have an increase in capacity and a reduction in sensitivity in the urinary bladder as well as in the rectum, but showed no evidence of obstruction to urine flow.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of replication origins by deep sequencing
Authors: Jia Xu, Yoshimi Yanagisawa, Alexander M Tsankov, Christopher Hart, Keita Aoki, Naveen Kommajosyula, Kathleen E Steinmann, James Bochicchio, Carsten Russ, Aviv Regev, Oliver J Rando, Chad Nusbaum, Hironori Niki, Patrice Milos, Zhiping Weng, Nicholas Rhind
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Abstract Background DNA replication initiates at distinct origins in eukaryotic genomes, but the genomic features that define these sites are not well understood. Results We have taken a combined experimental and bioinformatic approach to identify and characterize origins of replication in three distantly related fission yeasts: Schizosaccharomyces pombe , Schizosaccharomyces octosporus and Schizosaccharomyces japonicus . Using single-molecule deep sequencing to construct amplification-free high-resolution replication profiles, we located origins and identified sequence motifs that predict origin function. We then mapped nucleosome occupancy by deep sequencing of mononucleosomal DNA from the corresponding species, finding that origins tend to occupy nucleosome-depleted regions. Conclusions The sequences that specify origins are evolutionarily plastic, with low complexity nucleosome-excluding sequences functioning in S. pombe and S. octosporus , and binding sites for trans-acting nucleosome-excluding proteins functioning in S. japonicus . Furthermore, chromosome-scale variation in replication timing is conserved independently of origin location and via a mechanism distinct from known heterochromatic effects on origin function. These results are consistent with a model in which origins are simply the nucleosome-depleted regions of the genome with the highest affinity for the origin recognition complex. This approach provides a general strategy for understanding the mechanisms that define DNA replication origins in eukaryotes.
High prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in male Austrian adults: a cross-sectional survey, April to June 2009
Authors: W Poeppl, M J Orola, H Herkner, M Müller, S Tobudic, A Faas, G Mooseder, F Allerberger, H Burgmann
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

To assess the distribution of specific antibodies against Leptospira spp. in Austrian adults, we conducted an explorative nationwide cross-sectional serological study in 400 healthy individuals. Antibody titres against Leptospira spp. were determined in a microscopic agglutination test using a panel of 14 serovar cultures. Sera of 18 participants were excluded because the samples were unsuitable for testing; the remaining 382 participants comprised 166 professional soldiers and 216 civilians. Overall, 88 (23%) individuals tested positive in serological screening. The subjects' sera reacted most frequently with serovars Canicola (16.5%) and Hardjo (11.8%). Epidemiological information was obtained from a questionnaire: no correlation was found for area of residence, travel abroad, regular outdoor activities, occupational animal contact, or ownership of companion animals. The proportion of seropositive samples was significantly lower among professional soldiers (15.7%) than among civilians (28.7%) (p=0.003). Our data demonstrate serological evidence of a high rate of exposure to Leptospira spp. among the Austrian population. No increased risk of exposure to Leptospira spp. was detected in military personnel.
PASSAGE OF RADIOACTIVE ERYTHROCYTES FROM THE PERITONEAL CAVITY INTO THE BLOOD STREAM DURING EXPERIMENTAL ASCITES
Authors: Frank W. McKee, Wellington B. Stewart
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

Intraperitoneal injection of red cells tagged with radioiron into dogs with experimental ascites demonstrated that such cells were rapidly transferred into the circulating blood. When the experimental animals were not actively producing ascitic fluid, 43.4, 67.0, and 56.4 per cent respectively, of the administered radioactive red cells passed to the blood in 72 hours. In the same three dogs during active ascitic fluid formation, 25.9, 51.2, and 38.8 per cent of the administered radioactivity was removed in a similar period. The amount of radioactivity in the blood stream, consequent on the passage of red cells from the peritoneal cavity into the circulation, becomes nearly constant in 48 hours, whereas for radioactive plasma proteins the plateau is attained in 24 hours (Fig. 1). In normal dogs (16), the passage of red cells from the peritoneal cavity was complete in 72 hours, while in ascitic dogs, 5 to 47 per cent of the injected tagged red cells remained behind in the peritoneum after the same period.
Functional Decline in Older Patients With Cancer Receiving First-Line Chemotherapy
Authors: Stéphanie Hoppe, Muriel Rainfray, Marianne Fonck, Laurent Hoppenreys, Jean-Frédéric Blanc, Joël Ceccaldi, Cécile Mertens, Christèle Blanc-Bisson, Yves Imbert, Laurent Cany, Luc Vogt, Jérôme Dauba, Nadine Houédé, Carine A. Bellera, Anne Floquet, Marie-Noëlle Fabry, Alain Ravaud, Camille Chakiba, Simone Mathoulin-Pélissier, Pierre Soubeyran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

To determine factors associated with early functional decline during first-line chemotherapy in older patients.Patients age ≥ 70 years receiving first-line chemotherapy for cancer were prospectively considered for inclusion across 12 centers in France. Functional decline was defined as a decrease of ≥ 0.5 points on the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale between the beginning of chemotherapy and the second cycle. Factors associated with functional decline were sought from pretreatment abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment, including ADL, Instrumental ADL (IADL), Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15), and Timed Get Up and Go (GUG) test, and from comorbidities (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics), MAX2 index, and baseline biologic and clinical information.Of 364 included patients, 50 experienced functional decline (16.7%; median, 0.5 points). Abnormal preadmission performance status, IADL, GDS15, MMSE, GUG, and MNA were associated with increased likelihood of functional decline (univariate analysis). In the multivariate model adjusted for baseline ADL and MAX2 index, high baseline GDS (odds ratio [OR], 2.16; 95% CI, 1.09 to 4.30; P = .03) and low IADL scores (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.06 to 7.79; P = .04) were independently associated with increased risk of functional decline.Our results outline associations between baseline depression, instrumental dependencies, and early functional decline during chemotherapy for older patients. ADL should be sequentially evaluated early during treatment. Baseline evaluation of GDS15 and IADL may be proposed to anticipate this event.
PM10 is associated with an increase in day-by day inspiratory resistance variability in asthma
Authors: Alessandro Gobbi, Paola Gasparini, Carlo Gulotta, Vito Brusasco, Antonio Pedotti, Riccardo Pellegrino, Raffaele Dellacà
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background:  An increased variability of inspiratory resistance, measured by forced oscillations (FOT) and quantified by the coefficient of variation measured over 4 consecutive days (CV Rinsp ), is a typical feature of asthma and predicts acute deterioration of airway function within a week.   Aim:  To investigate whether air pollution increases CV Rinsp  and the risk of future deterioration in asthma.   Methods:  Between Jan and Jul 2009, CV Rinsp  was measured daily by a portable FOT device in 10 mild asthmatics. CV Rinsp  was then compared with the daily concentration of PM10.   Results:  In 7 subjects PM10 was linearly correlated with CV Rinsp  (r=0.27, p Rinsp  time-series were then averaged to reduce intra-individual variability (Figure) and used to estimate a linear ARMAX model, with the PM10 as input and a white noise modelling unknown effects on the variability. According to the Akaike criterion, the CV Rinsp  at a given day was best modelled by a weighted average of the PM10 over the past 4 days.   Conclusions:  The concentration of PM10 is associated with an increase in airway resistance variability in asthma, leading to a greater likelihood of future functional deterioration.
Physiotherapy after coronary artery surgery: are breathing exercises necessary?
Authors: S C Jenkins, S A Soutar, J M Loukota, L C Johnson, J Moxham
Journal: Thorax (1989)

One hundred and ten men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting took part in a prospective randomised study comparing three physiotherapy protocols. All patients were taught self supported huffing and coughing by a physiotherapist and encouraged to move about. This comprised the sole treatment for the 37 control patients (group 3). Additional physiotherapy included breathing exercises for the 35 patients in group 1 and use of an incentive spirometer for the 38 patients in group 2. Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured daily at the bedside until the fifth postoperative day and arterial blood gas tensions were measured on the second and fourth postoperative days. After surgery patients developed a severe restrictive ventilatory defect and profound arterial hypoxaemia. There were no differences between the three groups. Mean FRC on day 2 was 1.90 litres (61% of the preoperative value), increasing to 2.32 1 by day 5 (76% of the preoperative value). The mean arterial oxygen tension was 7.37 kPa on day 2 and 8.58 kPa on day 4. Four patients in group 1, two in group 2, and five in group 3 developed a chest infection. It is concluded that the addition of breathing exercises or incentive spirometry to a regimen of early mobilisation and huffing and coughing confers no extra benefit after uncomplicated coronary artery bypass grafting.
Observations on NASOPHARYNGEAL EPIDEMICS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Authors: J. A. Glover
Journal: BMJ (1928)

CERTAIN semi-isolated communities, which are under strict control, seem to be designed for epiderniological study, and of these the public schools of England offer a unique field for observation.-Few communities are more comparable and homogeneous in the age distribution, in the nationality, and in the nurture -of the individuals comprising them.Yet, with the exoeption of the classical work of Clement Dukes, little systematic epidemiological work seems to have been carried out withthis-matchless material.Surgeon Commander Dudley has, however, -'shown 'what can ie done with somiewhat similar material, and 'his 'two reports on the Roy J Naval :SchoQ.at Greenwich, based largely upon the careful records of Surgeon
The FDA-mandated trial of safety of long-acting beta-agonists in asthma: finality or futility?
Authors: Malcolm R Sears
Journal: Thorax (2012)

In 2010, in response to a prolonged debate over the safety of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs), the United States Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) issued guidelines for the use of LABAs in asthma,1 and mandated a very large trial examining the safety of LABAs used with concomitant inhaled corticosteroid (ICS).2 Strong voices have called for new safety data,3 ,4 while others have expressed doubt regarding the need for, and likely outcomes of, new trials.5 ,6

Controversy regarding safety has surrounded the use of long-acting beta-agonists in asthma virtually since salmeterol (Serevent, GlaxoSmithKline) was introduced into clinical practice in the UK in 1990 (figure 1). Studies showed greater control of asthma with addition of salmeterol to ICS compared with increased doses of ICS7 ,8 and reduced airway responsiveness to allergen challenge, which some interpreted as evidence of anti-inflammatory activity.9 The enthusiasm for salmeterol was dampened in 1993 when Castle et al published results from the large Serevent National Surveillance study showing a statistically insignificant (p=0.10) but worrying threefold increase in mortality in patients prescribed regular salmeterol compared with regular salbutamol therapy.10



Figure 1 
Timeline 1990–2012 of key long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) publications and Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) actions. FDA, Food and Drugs Administration; PAC, Paediatric Advisory Committee; PADAC, Pulmonary, Allergy Drugs Advisory Committee; RCT, randomised controlled trial; SMART, Salmeterol Multicentre Asthma Research Trial; SNS, Serevent National Surveillance.



When salmeterol was launched in the US in 1994, the FDA required a post-marketing safety study. The Salmeterol Multicentre Asthma Research Trial (SMART) study began in 1996 but was terminated in 2003 with incomplete recruitment because of adverse outcomes on asthma exacerbations and mortality.11 Also in 2003, the FDA expressed concerns about increased exacerbations in adults and children using the Novartis formulation of inhaled formoterol in …
Surfactant replacement therapy in ARDS: white knight or noise in the system?
Authors: T. E. Nicholas, I. R. Doyle, A. D. Bersten
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Although one would predict that surfactant replacement therapy would be effective in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a recent large trial proved unsuccessful, possibly reflecting the nature of the surfactant used. Given the importance of the unique proteins in the action of surfactant, these would seem vital components of any exogenous surfactant. The ability to identify patients at risk of ARDS and to characterise their surfactant might allow prophylactic treatment with a nebulised, complementary, tailor-made preparation of surfactant. Advanced cases might undergo bronchoscopic focal lavage to remove plasma proteins and inflammatory mediators prior to focal instillation of surfactant to areas of greatest need. Ventilation regimens might be adjusted both to minimise trauma and to conserve endogenous surfactant.
Nuclear Factor-κB Is Constitutively Activated in Prostate Cancer <b> <i>In vitro</i> </b> and Is Overexpressed in Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Christopher Sweeney, Lang Li, Rajasubramaniam Shanmugam, Poornima Bhat-Nakshatri, Vetrichelvan Jayaprakasan, Lee Ann Baldridge, Thomas Gardner, Martin Smith, Harikrishna Nakshatri, Liang Cheng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) promotes the production of angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and prometastatic factors that are involved in carcinogenesis. Experimental Design: Electromobility gel shift assays were used to evaluate NF-κB DNA binding in vitro. The functional relevance of NF-κB DNA binding was assessed by both cDNA array analyses and proliferation assays of prostate cancer cells with and without exposure to an NF-κB inhibitor, parthenolide. Immunohistochemistry staining for the p65 NF-κB subunit was used to determine the frequency and location of NF-κB in 97 prostatectomy specimens. The amount of staining was quantified on a 0–3+ scale. Results: An electromobility gel shift assay confirmed the presence of NFκB DNA binding in all four prostate cancer cell lines tested. The binding was inhibited by parthenolide, and this agent also decreased multiple gene transcripts under the control of NF-κB and inhibited proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The staining results revealed overexpression of p65 in the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer compared with the benign epithelium. Specifically, there was a predominance of 1+ and 2+ with no 3+ staining in benign epithelium, whereas there was only 2+ and 3+ staining (30 and 70%, respectively) in the cancerous areas. These differences were statistically different. There was no correlation with tumor grade or stage. Conclusions: NF-κB is constitutively activated in prostate cancer and functionally relevant in vitro. Immunohistochemistry of human prostatectomy specimens demonstrated overexpression of the active subunit of NF-κB, p65, and that this occurs at an early stage in the genesis of prostate cancer. This work supports the rationale for targeting NF-κB for the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer.