tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distinct Ir genes for helper and killer cells in the cytotoxic response to H-Y antigen.
Authors: H von Boehmer, W Haas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The H-Y-specific cytotoxic T-cell response requires helper cells: cells from bone marrow chimeras B6 X CBA leads to B6, B6 X CBA leads to B10.A (5R), or B6 X CBA leads to CBA are each unable to respond to H-2k male cells. If, however, cells from B6 X CBA leads to B6 or B6 X CBA leads to B10.A (5R) chimeras are adoptively transferred together with cells from B6 X CBA leads to CBA chimeras, H-Y-specific CTL restricted to H-2k can be obtained. Thus, cells from B6 X CBA leads to B6 or B6 X CBA leads to B10.,A (5R) chimeras (restricted to the left end of the H-2b haplotype) can help CTL precursors from B6 X CBA leads to CBA chimeras (restricted to H-2k). The two classes of T cells required for the CTL response to H-Y antigen are controlled by different IR genes. All H-Y-specific CTL obtained from chimeras B6 + CBA leads to B6 X CBA were found to be of B6 origin. This suggests that CTL or their precursors must express antigens encoded in the left end of the H-2b haplotype for interaction with helper cells.
Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter (PreView PHP) for Detecting Choroidal Neovascularization Study
Authors: Yair Alster, Neil M Bressler, Susan B Bressler, Judith A Brimacombe, R Michael Crompton, Yi-Jing Duh, Veit-Peter Gabel, Jeffrey S Heier, Michael S Ip, Anat Loewenstein, Kirk H Packo, Michael Stur, Techiya Toaff
Journal: Ophthalmology (2005)
Clinical and dermoscopic features of atypical Spitz tumors: A multicenter, retrospective, case-control study
Authors: Elvira Moscarella, Aimilios Lallas, Athanassios Kyrgidis, Gerardo Ferrara, Caterina Longo, Massimiliano Scalvenzi, Stefania Staibano, Cristina Carrera, M.Alba Díaz, Paolo Broganelli, Carlo Tomasini, Stefano Cavicchini, Raffaele Gianotti, Susana Puig, Josep Malvehy, Pedro Zaballos, Giovanni Pellacani, Giuseppe Argenziano
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Cd8− T Cell Transfectants That Express a High Affinity T Cell Receptor Exhibit Enhanced Peptide-Dependent Activation
Authors: Phillip D. Holler, Alice R. Lim, Bryan K. Cho, Laurie A. Rund, David M. Kranz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

T cells are activated by binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to a peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complex (pMHC) expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Various models have predicted that activation is limited to a narrow window of affinities (or dissociation rates) for the TCR–pMHC interaction and that above or below this window, T cells will fail to undergo activation. However, to date there have not been TCRs with sufficiently high affinities in order to test this hypothesis. In this report we examined the activity of a CD8-negative T cell line transfected with a high affinity mutant TCR (KD = 10 nM) derived from cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone 2C by in vitro engineering. The results show that despite a 300-fold higher affinity and a 45-fold longer off-rate compared with the wild-type TCR, T cells that expressed the mutant TCRs were activated by peptide. In fact, activation could be detected at significantly lower peptide concentrations than with T cells that expressed the wild-type TCR. Furthermore, binding and functional analyses of a panel of peptide variants suggested that pMHC stability could account for apparent discrepancies between TCR affinity and T cell activity observed in several prior studies.
Identification of the Compounds in Ku Shen (Sophora flavescentis), an active constituent of ASHMI (Anti-asthma Herbal Medicine Intervention) that Inhibit IgE synthesis
Authors: A. Castillo, I. Lopez Exposito, L. Brown, W. Slotkin, M. Mishoe, B. Liang, N. Yang, X. Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Notes on Syphilis
Authors: S. M. Bradley
Journal: BMJ (1878)

Latenzt Syphilis.-Thepoison of syphilis may lie latent in the system for many years without any local mrauifestation.In some cases, in- deed,.jtwould,,apparently, cnirnue.to aumber on to the end of life if it we: .aotroused into -activity by an accident; though, once having '-becne-active, it will-probably pursue a long and lethal course unless checked' by treatment.We see the same phenomenon in certain cases
In vivo dynamics of human cord blood-derived CD34− SCID-repopulating cells using intra-bone marrow injection
Authors: T Kimura, Y Matsuoka, M Murakami, T Kimura, M Takahashi, T Nakamoto, K Yasuda, K Matsui, K Kobayashi, S Imai, H Asano, R Nakatsuka, Y Uemura, Y Sasaki, Y Sonoda
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
The Fate of the Patient with Pulmonic Stenosis
Authors: MARY ALLEN ENGLE, TOMIKO ITO, HENRY P. GOLDBERG
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The prognosis for the patient with pulmonic stenosis was analyzed from a study of 100 current patients, with long-term observations on 58 of them. Congestive heart failure occurred in seven, all of whom had severe stenosis. Subacute bacterial endocarditis developed in another seven, even when the stenosis was less marked. With appropriate medical supervision of those with mild stenosis who have no cardiac disability, and open-heart surgery for those with more severe obstruction, the outlook for the patient with pulmonary stenosis should be a full and active life.
Variability of the body surface distributions of QRS, ST-T and QRST deflection areas with varied activation sequence in dogs
Authors: R. L LUX, P. M URIE, M. J. BURGESS, J A ABILDSKOV
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Distributions of QRS, ST-T and QRST areas of 192 lead body surface ECG's were measured in dogs for multiple activation orders. Qualitatively, the distributions of QRST area were found to be strikingly similar over all activation orders in contrast to the distributions of QRS or ST-T areas. Quantitative results showed that variability of the QRST areas over all activation orders was consistently less than those of either QRS or ST-T. The factor responsible for the QRS deflection is ventricular activation sequence while those responsible for the ST-T deflection are both activation sequence and ventricular recovery properties. Since the total QRST deflection area was largely independent of activation sequence it is likely the quantity is an index of ventricular recovery properties. The significance of this relation is that QRST deflection area may permit evaluation of intrinsic ventricular recovery properties in the presence of abnormal ventricular activation as occurs with intraventricular conduction disorders and ectopic origin of excitation. Evaluation of intrinsic ventricular recovery properties may also permit recognition of states at risk of ventricular arrhythmias due to increased disparity of these properties.
Gain-of-function <i>CCR4</i> mutations in adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Masao Nakagawa, Roland Schmitz, Wenming Xiao, Carolyn K. Goldman, Weihong Xu, Yandan Yang, Xin Yu, Thomas A. Waldmann, Louis M. Staudt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy caused by human T cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) without curative treatment at present. To illuminate the pathogenesis of ATLL we performed whole transcriptome sequencing of purified ATLL patient samples and discovered recurrent somatic mutations in CCR4, encoding CC chemokine receptor 4. CCR4 mutations were detected in 14/53 ATLL samples (26%) and consisted exclusively of nonsense or frameshift mutations that truncated the coding region at C329, Q330, or Y331 in the carboxy terminus. Functionally, the CCR4-Q330 nonsense isoform was gain-of-function because it increased cell migration toward the CCR4 ligands CCL17 and CCL22, in part by impairing receptor internalization. This mutant enhanced PI(3) kinase/AKT activation after receptor engagement by CCL22 in ATLL cells and conferred a growth advantage in long-term in vitro cultures. These findings implicate somatic gain-of-function CCR4 mutations in the pathogenesis of ATLL and suggest that inhibition of CCR4 signaling might have therapeutic potential in this refractory malignancy.
TCT-122 Endovascular Stent-Graft Implantation in Patients with Unstable Acute Intramural Hematoma: Is Endovascular Repair For Intramural Hematoma Over-Treatment or Suitable Treatment?
Authors: Hyunmin Choi, Woo-Ik Jang, June Namgung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Oxygen-derived free radicals stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption in rodent bone in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: I R Garrett, B F Boyce, R O Oreffo, L Bonewald, J Poser, G R Mundy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The mechanisms by which bone resorbing osteoclasts form and are activated by hormones are poorly understood. We show here that the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals in cultured bone is associated with the formation of new osteoclasts and enhanced bone resorption, identical to the effects seen when bones are treated with hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and interleukin 1 (IL-1). When free oxygen radicals were generated adjacent to bone surfaces in vivo, osteoclasts were also formed. PTH and IL-1-stimulated bone resorption was inhibited by both natural and recombinant superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that depletes tissues of superoxide anions. We used the marker nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) to identify the cells that were responsible for free radical production in resorbing bones. NBT staining was detected only in osteoclasts in cultures of resorbing bones. NBT staining in osteoclasts was decreased in bones coincubated with calcitonin, an inhibitor of bone resorption. We also found that isolated avian osteoclasts stained positively for NBT. NBT staining in isolated osteoclasts was increased when the cells were incubated with bone particles, to which they attach. We confirmed the formation of superoxide anion in isolated avian osteoclasts using ferricytochrome c reduction as a method of detection. The reduction of ferricytochrome c in isolated osteoclasts was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. Our results suggest that oxygen-derived free radicals, and particularly the superoxide anion, are intermediaries in the formation and activation of osteoclasts.
Comparative analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae WW domains and their interacting proteins.
Authors: Jay R Hesselberth, John P Miller, Anna Golob, Jason E Stajich, Gregory A Michaud, Stanley Fields
Journal: Genome biology (2006)

Abstract Background The WW domain is found in a large number of eukaryotic proteins implicated in a variety of cellular processes. WW domains bind proline-rich protein and peptide ligands, but the protein interaction partners of many WW domain-containing proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are largely unknown. Results We used protein microarray technology to generate a protein interaction map for 12 of the 13 WW domains present in proteins of the yeast S. cerevisiae . We observed 587 interactions between these 12 domains and 207 proteins, most of which have not previously been described. We analyzed the representation of functional annotations within the network, identifying enrichments for proteins with peroxisomal localization, as well as for proteins involved in protein turnover and cofactor biosynthesis. We compared orthologs of the interacting proteins to identify conserved motifs known to mediate WW domain interactions, and found substantial evidence for the structural conservation of such binding motifs throughout the yeast lineages. The comparative approach also revealed that several of the WW domain-containing proteins themselves have evolutionarily conserved WW domain binding sites, suggesting a functional role for inter- or intramolecular association between proteins that harbor WW domains. On the basis of these results, we propose a model for the tuning of interactions between WW domains and their protein interaction partners. Conclusion Protein microarrays provide an appealing alternative to existing techniques for the construction of protein interaction networks. Here we built a network composed of WW domain-protein interactions that illuminates novel features of WW domain-containing proteins and their protein interaction partners.
Individual and area-based indicators of socioeconomic status and childhood asthma
Authors: G. Cesaroni, S. Farchi, M. Davoli, F. Forastiere, C.A. Perucci
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The current study evaluated the association between individual and area-based indicators of socioeconomic status and the prevalence, severity, and lifetime hospitalisation for asthma in children. The representative sample of 4,027 children from Rome, aged 6–7 yrs, used for the 1994 ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) initiative, was selected. Individual and small area indicators of socioeconomic status were used. Individual data on parents' education and on childhood asthma were gathered from self-administered parental questionnaires. Two small-area indicators (socioeconomic status index (SES) and average income in 1994) were derived using information available at the census tract of residence. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of parental education and small area indicators with asthma prevalence, severity, and hospitalisation. Parental smoking was considered in the analysis as a potential confounder. Prevalence of physician diagnosis of asthma (11.3%) increased as father's education decreased. Prevalence of severe asthma (1.6%) increased as maternal and paternal educational levels decreased. Lifetime hospitalisation for asthma (2.8%) was strongly associated with both parental education and small-area indicators of social disadvantage, even when considered simultaneously in the same logistic model. Socioeconomic conditions are associated with asthma occurrence, its severity, and hospitalisation. The association was stronger for asthma severity and hospitalisation. Individual indicators correlated better with the outcomes than area-based indicators. However, living in an underprivileged area is a strong independent predictor of hospital admission for asthma.
MRP3, BCRP, and P-Glycoprotein Activities are Prognostic Factors in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zineb Benderra, Anne Marie Faussat, Lydia Sayada, Jean-Yves Perrot, Ruoping Tang, Driss Chaoui, Hamid Morjani, Christophe Marzac, Jean-Pierre Marie, Ollivier Legrand
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: P-Glycoprotein (Pgp) is associated with poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We have investigated other ATP-binding cassette proteins such as BCRP, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, and MRP5 for their potential implication in chemoresistance. Experimental Design and Results: Eighty five AML patient samples were analyzed in this study. First, MRP3 function was higher in patients which had a high level of leukocytes (P = 0.01), a M5 FAB subtype (P = 0.04), and an intermediate or poor cytogenesis (P = 0.05). BCRP activity was not correlated with clinical or biological variables, but high Pgp activity was correlated with the following variables: CD34 expression (P = 0.002), FAB subtype (P = 0.002), intermediate or poor cytogenesis (P = 0.02), and elderly patients (P = 0.03). Second, Pgp, MRP3, and BCRP activities were correlated with complete remission (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, and P = 0.04, respectively), disease-free survival (P = 0.02, P = 0.03, and P = 0.25, respectively), and overall survival (P = 0.04, P = 0.04, and P = 0.05, respectively) in multivariate analysis. The patient samples expressing one or none of these Pgp, MRP3, or BCRP functional proteins have a better prognosis than the patients expressing two or three of these functional proteins (complete remission, P = 0.02; disease-free survival, P = 0.01; overall survival, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions: BCRP and MRP3 may also be involved in chemoresistance in AML, especially MRP3 in patients with M5 FAB. Additional modulation of BCRP or MRP3 to Pgp modulation may be necessary in some patients in order to improve the treatment outcome.
Association between <i>TNFA</i> Polymorphism and the Development of Asthma in the Japanese Population
Authors: Emiko Noguchi, Yukako Yokouchi, Masanao Shibasaki, Michharu Inudou, Satoko Nakahara, Tetsuo Nogami, Masashi Kamioka, Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi, Kunio Ichikawa, Akira Matsui, Tadao Arinami
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that participates in the inflammatory reaction in patients with asthma. The TNFA and TNFB genes, which encode TNF-α and TNF-β, respectively, are located within the region encoding the human major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21.3, which showed linkage to atopic asthma in our genome-wide search. To determine whether polymorphisms in the 5′ flanking region of the TNFA gene (−1031C/T, −863C/A, and −857C/T) and an NcoI polymorphism in the TNFB gene (LTA NcoI) are associated with the development of asthma, we performed transmission disequilibrium tests of families identified through children with atopic asthma. Genotypes of families were determined by polymerase chain reaction–based restriction fragment length polymorphism or SNaPshot analysis. Transmission disequilibrium tests of 144 asthmatic families revealed that transmission of the −857C allele and the −1031T−863C−857C haplotype in the TNFA gene to asthma-affected offspring occurred more frequently than expected (−857C allele, p = 0.0055; −1031T−863C−857C haplotype, p = 0.0002). Our results suggest that TNFA or nearby genes, including those in the major histocompatibility complex region, may contribute to the development of asthma in the Japanese population.
Bacterial superantigens mediate T cell deletions in the mouse severe combined immunodeficiency-human liver/thymus model.
Authors: R Baccala, B A Vandekerckhove, D Jones, D H Kono, M G Roncarolo, A N Theofilopoulos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The ability to analyze T cell receptor (TCR) thymic repertoire shaping in humans by self and foreign ligands is hampered by the lack of suitable models. We recently documented that the mouse severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-human fetal liver/thymus model recapitulates the TCR V beta gene repertoire of human thymocytes. Here, we show that an exogenous superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, administered to such mice induces clonal deletions in both CD4+8- and CD8+4- cells involving the same human V beta clones that are selected in vitro by this toxin. This model, therefore, may allow comprehensive studies into the effects of microbial and other agents on human T cell thymic selection processes in a biologically relevant setting.
1018 URINARY KIDNEY INJURY MOLECULE-1 (KIM-1) IN THE ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS
Authors: R. Barreto, C. Fagundes, R. Moreira, E. Rodriguez, R. Cela, E. Solà, I. Graupera, X. Ariza, G. Pereira, M. Morales, W. Jiménez, M. Guevara, V. Arroyo, P. Ginès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Combined Analysis of Estrogen Receptor β-1 and Progesterone Receptor Expression Identifies Lung Cancer Patients with Poor Outcome
Authors: Laura P. Stabile, Sanja Dacic, Stephanie R. Land, Diana E. Lenzner, Rajiv Dhir, Marie Acquafondata, Rodney J. Landreneau, Jennifer R. Grandis, Jill M. Siegfried
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Steroid hormones and growth factors affect lung cancer, and it is possible they act in concert to influence patient outcome. Experimental Design: Primary lung tumors and normal lung tissue were analyzed for expression and localization of estrogen receptor α and β-1 (ERα and ERβ), aromatase, progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Results: Tumors expressed higher levels of ERβ compared to matched normal lung, whereas the reverse was true of PR. High cytoplasmic ERβ expression was identified as an independent negative prognostic predictor of overall survival (OS; HR = 1.67), and low total PR was identified as an independent negative predictor of time to progression (TTP; HR = 1.59). After adjusting for stage, age, sex, and smoking, combined high cytoplasmic ERβ and low total PR showed enhanced effects on OS (HR = 2.64) and on TTP (HR = 6.02). Further effects on OS were observed when EGFR expression was included (HR = 5.32). Patients with low cytoplasmic ERβ, low aromatase, low EGFR, and high total PR had shorter OS than patients with the opposite pattern (HR = 6.60). Contribution of these markers to survival showed no significant sex differences in a multivariable model. ERα was elevated in tumors but was not predictive of survival, and appears to represent a variant ERα protein that is only recognized by a C-terminal antibody. Conclusions: Hormonal and EGFR pathways together may contribute to lung cancer prognosis. Lung tumors with high ERβ-1/low PR may define patients with aggressive biology. A validation study is necessary to fully assess the predictive value of these markers. Clin Cancer Res; 17(1); 154–64. ©2010 AACR.
Acute rib fracture pain in CF
Authors: A M JONES
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Psychological symptoms are notoriously difficult to assess, and it is not surprising that the reported incidence of such symptoms in women taking oral contraceptives varies widely. The apparent incidence may further be influenced by what the subjects think they are expected to say. Clinical trials of oral contraceptives where psychological symptoms have been specifically studied provide the most reliable data, but control groups have so far been examined in only a few trials. Data on such symptoms from trials where unwanted effects were merely noted in passing are unreliable. There is however good evidence that synthetic progestagens influence cerebral activity<sup>1–3</sup> and intermediary metabolism in the brain<sup>4</sup> in both women and animals and that these effects do not mimic those of pregnancy.
Interaction Between Obesity and the Gut Microbiota: Relevance in Nutrition
Authors: Nathalie M. Delzenne, Patrice D. Cani
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2011)

This review examines mechanisms by which the bacteria present in the gut interact with nutrients and host biology to affect the risk of obesity and associated disorders, including diabetes, inflammation, and liver diseases. The bacterial metabolism of nutrients in the gut is able to drive the release of bioactive compounds (including short-chain fatty acids or lipid metabolites), which interact with host cellular targets to control energy metabolism and immunity. Animal and human data demonstrate that phylogenic changes occur in the microbiota composition in obese versus lean individuals; they suggest that the count of specific bacteria is inversely related to fat mass development, diabetes, and/or the low levels of inflammation associated with obesity. The prebiotic and probiotic approaches are presented as interesting research tools to counteract the drop in target bacteria and thereby to estimate their relevance in the improvement of host metabolism.