tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influenza Control—Unfinished Business
Authors: W. Paul Glezen
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patterns of Improved Survival in Patients With Multiple Myeloma in the Twenty-First Century: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Ingemar Turesson, Ramon Velez, Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson, Ola Landgren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

PURPOSE Randomized multiple myeloma (MM) studies show improved response rates and better progression-free survival for newer therapies. However, a less pronounced effect has been found for overall survival (OS). Using population-based data including detailed treatment information for individual patients, we assessed survival patterns for all patients diagnosed with MM in Malmö, Sweden from 1950 to 2005. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 773 patients with MM (48% males). On the basis of the age limit used for treatment with high-dose melphalan with autologous stem-cell support (HDM-ASCT; < or = 65 years old) in Sweden, we constructed Kaplan-Meier curves and used the Breslow generalized Wilcoxon test to evaluate OS patterns (diagnosed in six calendar periods) for patients 65 years old or younger and patients older than 65 years. Results Including all age groups, patients diagnosed from 1960 to 1969 had a better survival than patients diagnosed from 1950 to 1959. In subsequent 10-year calendar periods, median OS increased from 24.3 to 56.3 months (P = .036) in patients < or = 65 years old. In contrast, OS did not improve among patients older than age 65 years (21.2 to 26.7 months, P = .7). CONCLUSION With the establishment of HDM-ASCT as the standard therapy for younger patients with MM, OS has improved significantly for this age group in the general MM population. With novel therapies being commonly used at disease progression, presumably it becomes increasingly difficult to confirm survival differences between defined induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapies in the future. Consequently, in the era of novel MM therapies, population-based studies will serve as a necessary complement to randomized trials.
Mutations and Deletions of the <i>CBP</i> Gene in Human Lung Cancer
Authors: Masahiro Kishimoto, Takashi Kohno, Koji Okudela, Ayaka Otsuka, Hiroki Sasaki, Chikako Tanabe, Tokuki Sakiyama, Chie Hirama, Issay Kitabayashi, John D. Minna, Seiichi Takenoshita, Jun Yokota
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis led us to detect a homozygous deletion at the cyclic AMP response element binding protein-binding protein (CBP) locus in a lung cancer cell line. Oncogenic roles of CBP had been suggested by functional and genetic studies; thus, involvement of CBP gene alterations in lung carcinogenesis was investigated by undertaking comprehensive analysis of genetic CBP alterations in human lung cancer. Experimental Design: Fifty-nine cell lines and 95 surgical specimens of lung cancer were analyzed for mutations, homozygous and hemizygous deletions, and expression of the CBP gene. Results: Homozygous CBP deletions, including two intragenic deletions, were detected in three (5.1%) lung cancer cell lines. CBP mutations, including missense, nonsense, and frame-shift mutations, were detected in six (10.2 %) cell lines and five (5.3%) surgical specimens of lung cancer. The wild-type CBP allele was retained in 9 of 11 cases with CBP mutations, and both the wild-type and mutant alleles were expressed in all the six cases with heterozygous CBP mutations examined. Three mutations with amino acid substitutions in the histone acetyltransferase domain caused significant reduction in transcription activation activity of CBP protein in vivo. Conclusions: A fraction of lung cancers carried mutations and/or deletions of the CBP gene, suggesting that genetic CBP alterations are involved in the genesis and/or progression of a subset of lung cancers.
A positive illusion about “positive illusions”?
Authors: Vladimir J. Konečni
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Rather than being a genuine adaptation, “positive illusions” are examples of doxastically uncommitted policies implemented at both the individual and societal levels. Even when they are genuine misbeliefs, most positive illusions are not evolved but ephemeral – a phenomenon limited to a particular social and economic moment. They are essentially a consumer response to messages from the pop-psychology industry in the recently terminated era of easy credit.
Droplet-Scale Estrogen Assays in Breast Tissue, Blood, and Serum
Authors: Noha A. Mousa, Mais J. Jebrail, Hao Yang, Mohamed Abdelgawad, Pavel Metalnikov, Jian Chen, Aaron R. Wheeler, Robert F. Casper
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2009)

A digital electrode array, on which drops of solvent can be electronically manipulated, allows automated steroid extraction from tiny tissue samples for diagnosis or research.
Treatment Options Available for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Failure in Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: David R. Yates, Maurizio A. Brausi, James W.F. Catto, Guido Dalbagni, Morgan Rouprêt, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Richard J. Sylvester, J. Alfred Witjes, Alexandre R. Zlotta, Juan Palou-Redorta
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Bayesian Quantitative Electrophysiology and Its Multiple Applications in Bioengineering
Authors: Roger C. Barr, Loren W. Nolte, Andrew E. Pollard
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2010)

Bayesian interpretation of observations began in the early 1700s, and scientific electrophysiology began in the late 1700s. For two centuries these two fields developed mostly separately. In part that was because quantitative Bayesian interpretation, in principle a powerful method of relating measurements to their underlying sources, often required too many steps to be feasible with hand calculation in real applications. As computer power became widespread in the later 1900s, Bayesian models and interpretation moved rapidly but unevenly from the domain of mathematical statistics into applications. Use of Bayesian models now is growing rapidly in electrophysiology. Bayesian models are well suited to the electrophysiological environment, allowing a direct and natural way to express what is known (and unknown) and to evaluate which one of many alternatives is most likely the source of the observations, and the closely related receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a powerful tool in making decisions. Yet, in general, many people would ask what such models are for, in electrophysiology, and what particular advantages such models provide. So to examine this question in particular, this review identifies a number of electrophysiological papers in bioengineering arising from questions in several organ systems to see where Bayesian electrophysiological models or ROC curves were important to the results that were achieved.
In Vivo Plaque Composition and Morphology in Coronary Artery Lesions in Adolescents and Young Adults Long After Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Yoshihide Mitani, Hiroyuki Ohashi, Hirofumi Sawada, Yukiko Ikeyama, Hidetoshi Hayakawa, Shin Takabayashi, Kazuo Maruyama, Hideto Shimpo, Yoshihiro Komada
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Coronary artery lesions (CALs) late after Kawasaki disease were characterized by endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation, surrogate markers for atherosclerosis. We tested the hypothesis that CALs in patients long after Kawasaki disease are accompanied by atheroma-like features, as assessed by virtual histology–intravascular ultrasound, a new method to assess coronary plaque composition and morphology in vivo. Methods and Results— Virtual histology–intravascular ultrasound was performed in 13 Japanese Kawasaki disease patients (median age, 18.3 years; interquartile range, 16.9 to 23.3 years) an interval after Kawasaki disease (median, 15.9 years; interquartile range, 14.3 to 21.9 years). We investigated 6 sites with localized stenosis, 15 sites with an aneurysm, 29 sites with a regressed aneurysm, and 50 sites with a normal coronary segment. Plaque components were categorized into 4 parts: fibrous, fibrofatty, necrotic core, and dense calcium areas. Qualitatively, the normal segment had no or trivial intravascular ultrasound–visible plaque area, whereas the CAL exhibited a heterogeneous plaque area with the 4 components in different amounts and proportions. Quantitatively, a combined group of CALs had a higher absolute value of fibrous, dense calcium, and necrotic core areas than the normal segment. In further analyses of 3 subtypes of CALs, localized stenosis, an advanced lesion, exhibited higher absolute and relative values of dense calcium and necrotic core areas and a lower relative value of the fibrous area than regressed and persistent aneurysms. Conclusion— The present limited but initial virtual histology–intravascular ultrasound findings give new insight into the potential role of atherogenesis in the evolution of CALs in adolescents and young adults long after Kawasaki disease and therefore warrant further investigation.
Healthcare Intensity at Initiation of Chronic Dialysis among Older Adults
Authors: Susan P.Y. Wong, William Kreuter, Ann M. O’Hare
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

Little is known about the circumstances under which older adults initiate chronic dialysis and subsequent outcomes. Using national registry data, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 416,657 Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥67 years who initiated chronic dialysis between January 1995 and December 2008. Our goal was to define the relationship between health care intensity around the time of dialysis initiation and subsequent survival and patterns of hospitalization, use of intensive procedures (mechanical ventilation, feeding tube placement, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation), and discontinuation of dialysis before death. We found that most patients (64.5%) initiated dialysis in the hospital, including 36.6% who were hospitalized for ≥2 weeks and 7.4% who underwent one or more intensive procedures. Compared with patients who initiated dialysis in the outpatient setting, those who received the highest intensity of care at dialysis initiation (those hospitalized ≥2 weeks and receiving at least one intensive procedure) had a shorter median survival (0.7 versus 2.1 years; P<0.001), spent a greater percentage of remaining follow-up time in the hospital (median, 22.9% versus 3.1%; P<0.001), were more likely to undergo subsequent intensive procedures (44.9% versus 26.0%; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.27 to 2.39), and were less likely to have discontinued dialysis before death (19.1% versus 26.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.72). In conclusion, most older adults initiate chronic dialysis in the hospital. Those who have a prolonged hospital stay and receive other forms of life support around the time of dialysis initiation have limited survival and more intensive patterns of subsequent healthcare utilization.
Pericytes support neutrophil subendothelial cell crawling and breaching of venular walls in vivo
Authors: Doris Proebstl, Mathieu-Benoît Voisin, Abigail Woodfin, James Whiteford, Fulvio D’Acquisto, Gareth E. Jones, David Rowe, Sussan Nourshargh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Neutrophil transmigration through venular walls that are composed of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and the venular basement membrane is a key component of innate immunity. Through direct analysis of leukocyte–pericyte interactions in inflamed tissues using confocal intravital microscopy, we show how pericytes facilitate transmigration in vivo. After EC migration, neutrophils crawl along pericyte processes to gaps between adjacent pericytes in an ICAM-1–, Mac-1–, and LFA-1–dependent manner. These gaps were enlarged in inflamed tissues through pericyte shape change and were used as exit points by neutrophils in breaching the venular wall. The findings identify previously unknown roles for pericytes in neutrophil transmigration in vivo and add additional steps to the leukocyte adhesion cascade that supports leukocyte trafficking into sites of inflammation.
Nitrimidazine Compared with Metronidazole in the Treatment of Vaginal Trichomoniasis
Authors: B. A. Evans, R. D. Catterall
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A new substituted nitroimidazole, nitrimidazine (Naxogin), is compared with the established drug, metronidazole (Flagyl), for the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis in a randomized double-blind trial. Nitrimidazine cured 39 (68%) out of 57 patients and showed no undesirable effects other than nausea in one patient. Metronidazole cured 51 (89%) out of 57 patients and also caused nausea in one patient; this cure rate corresponds with that previously reported in other trials. In the recommended dosage nitrimidazine is inferior to metronidazole, but is sufficiently effective to be useful in cases of intolerance to metronidazole.
Gene Conversion and GC-Content Evolution in Mammalian Hsp70
Authors: Grzegorz Kudla, Aleksandra Helwak, Leszek Lipinski
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

To investigate the mechanisms regulating the nucleotide usage in mammalian genes, we analyzed the sequences of three physically linked Hsp70 paralogs in human and mouse. We report that the sequences of HSPA1A and HSPA1B genes are almost identical, whereas the HSPA1L gene contains some regions very similar to HSPA1A/B and some regions with much higher divergence. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that gene conversion has homogenized the entire coding regions of HSPA1A/B and several fragments of HSPA1L. The regions undergoing conversion are all very GC rich, contrarily to the regions not subject to conversion. The pattern of nucleotide substitution in mammalian orthologs suggests that the mechanism increasing the GC content is still functioning. To test the possibility that the high GC content facilitates the expression of Hsp70 during heat-shock, we performed in vitro translation experiments. We failed to detect any effect of GC content on the translation efficiency at high temperatures. Taken together, our data strongly support the biased gene conversion hypothesis of GC-content evolution.
Phase I safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study of the oral phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and mTOR inhibitor BGT226 in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: B. Markman, J. Tabernero, I. Krop, G.I. Shapiro, L. Siu, L.C. Chen, M. Mita, M. Melendez Cuero, S. Stutvoet, D. Birle, Ö. Anak, W. Hackl, J. Baselga
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Changes in exercise haemodynamics during treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: S. Provencher, P. Hervé, O. Sitbon, M. Humbert, G. Simonneau, D. Chemla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Improvement in exercise capacity may not be associated with significant changes in resting pulmonary haemodynamics. The present prospective study documented the relationships between improvement in 6-min walking distance (6MWD) and changes in resting and exercise pulmonary haemodynamics after treatment in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). A total of 42 IPAH patients underwent supine submaximal exercise haemodynamic assessments at baseline and after 5±2 months of therapy. The 6MWD, the corresponding chronotropic response (peak minus resting heart rate), and resting and exercise haemodynamic variables were analysed. The isoflow was defined as the lowest of the pre- and post-treatment peak cardiac index (CI). The extrapolated isoflow mean pulmonary artery pressure ( P̄ pa ) was used to characterise changes in P̄ pa –CI regression lines following treatment. Patients were given bosentan (n = 28), epoprostenol (n = 12) or both. The 6MWD increased significantly, from 399±88 to 442±86 m. On univariate analysis, changes in 6MWD correlated with changes in isoflow P̄ pa , chronotropic response, resting haemodynamics (CI, pulmonary vascular resistance and mixed venous oxygen saturation) and exercise haemodynamics (peak CI). On multivariate analysis, only changes in isoflow P̄ pa and chronotropic response were independently associated with changes in 6MWD. Improvement in exercise tolerance with chronic therapy is independently related to improvement in pulmonary haemodynamics measured in exercise but not in resting conditions.
Effectiveness and tolerability of low-dose cyclophosphamide and low-dose intravenous interleukin-2 in disseminated melanoma [corrected].
Authors: M S Mitchell, R A Kempf, W Harel, H Shau, W D Boswell, S Lind, E C Bradley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

We studied the effects on melanoma of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) preceded by low-dose cyclophosphamide (CYC). Twenty-seven outpatients, aged 25 to 75 years, were treated with IL-2, 3.6 million U/m2 intravenously (IV), daily for five days on 2 successive weeks beginning three days after 350 mg/m2 of IV CYC. This schedule was repeated at least twice more at 1-week intervals. Six of 24 patients (25%) who received more than one 2-week cycle of treatment had a remission, one complete and five partial, with minor responses in eight others (33.3%). Three patients with rapidly progressive disease, who received only one cycle, were excluded from the analysis of response. The responses comprised remissions of liver metastases in two patients, one of them complete, two complete and two partial regressions of subcutaneous metastases, partial remission of lymph node metastases, and a partial remission of lung nodules. The mean duration of response exceeded 5 months, with two patients treated for greater than 1 year. Toxicity was moderate and controllable and only two patients required hospitalization, both overnight. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activation was induced in 17 of the 24 patients, including all six responders, while none of seven patients without LAK activation had a remission. This regimen appeared to be as effective in melanoma as those involving ex vivo activation of LAK cells, and was generally tolerable to patients in all age groups.
Protective Effects of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Murine Endotoxin-induced Inflammatory Lung Injury
Authors: Xinqi Peng, Paul M. Hassoun, Saad Sammani, Bryan J. McVerry, Melissa J. Burne, Hamid Rabb, David Pearse, Rubin M. Tuder, Joe G. N. Garcia
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Our prior in vitro studies indicate that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a phospholipid angiogenic factor, produces endothelial cell barrier enhancement through ligation of endothelial differentiation gene family receptors. We hypothesized that S1P may reduce the vascular leak associated with acute lung injury and found that S1P infusion produced a rapid and significant reduction in lung weight gain (more than 50%) in the isolated perfused murine lung. The effect of S1P was next assessed in a murine model of LPS-mediated microvascular permeability and inflammation with marked increases in parameters of lung injury at both 6 and 24 hours after intratracheal LPS. Each parameter assessed was significantly reduced by intravenous S1P (1 μM final) and in selected experiments by the S1P analogue FTY720 (0.1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) delivered 1 hour after LPS. S1P produced an approximately 40–50% reduction in LPS-mediated extravasation of Evans blue dye albumin, bronchoalveolar lavage protein content, and lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity (reflecting phagocyte infiltration). Consistent with systemic barrier enhancement, S1P significantly decreased Evans blue dye albumin extravasation and myeloperoxidase content in renal tissues of LPS-treated mice. These studies indicate that S1P significantly decreases pulmonary/renal vascular leakage and inflammation in a murine model of LPS-mediated acute lung injury and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular barrier dysfunction.
Light and electron microscopic differentiation of amyloid and colloid or hyaline bodies*
Authors: H. EBNER, W. GEBHART
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article Light and electron microscopic differentiation of amyloid and colloid or hyaline bodies Get access H. EBNER, H. EBNER 2nd Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. GEBHART W. GEBHART 2nd Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 92, Issue 6, 1 June 1975, Pages 637–645, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03143.x Published: 01 June 1975 Article history Accepted: 24 September 1974 Published: 01 June 1975
Dual Role of Transforming Growth Factor β in Mammary Tumorigenesis and Metastatic Progression
Authors: Rebecca S. Muraoka-Cook, Nancy Dumont, Carlos L. Arteaga
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract It is generally accepted that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is both a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Whereas loss or attenuation of TGFβ signal transduction is permissive for transformation, introduction of dominant-negative TGFβ receptors into metastatic breast cancer cells has been shown to inhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, motility, invasiveness, survival, and metastases. In addition, there is evidence that excess production and/or activation of TGFβ by cancer cells can contribute to tumor progression by paracrine mechanisms involving neoangiogenesis, production of stroma and proteases, and subversion of immune surveillance mechanisms in tumor hosts. These data provide a rationale in favor of blockade of autocrine/paracrine TGFβ signaling in human mammary tumors with therapeutic intent. Several treatment approaches are currently in early clinical development and have been the focus of our laboratory. These include (1) ligand antibodies or receptor-containing fusion proteins aimed at blocking ligand binding to cognate receptors and (2) small-molecule inhibitors of the type I TGFβ receptor serine/threonine kinase. Many questions remain about the viability of anti-TGFβ treatment strategies, the best molecular approach (or combinations) for inhibition of TGFβ function in vivo, the biochemical surrogate markers of tumor response, the molecular profiles in tumors for selection into clinical trials, and potential toxicities, among others.