tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective Study on Usual Dietary Phytoestrogen Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Western Women
Authors: Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Sanne Kreijkamp-Kaspers, Petra H.M. Peeters, Lital Keinan-Boker, Eric B. Rimm, Diederick E. Grobbee
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Phytoestrogens have been suggested to lower cardiovascular disease risk, but existing research focused on non-Western high intake levels and on risk factors. We investigated whether habitual low phytoestrogen intake is associated with manifest cardiovascular disease risk. Methods and Results— Between 1993 and 1997, 16 165 women 49 to 70 years old and free from cardiovascular disease were enrolled in the Dutch Prospect-EPIC cohort (European Prospective study Into Cancer and nutrition) and followed up for a median period of 75 months. At enrollment, women filled in questionnaires on chronic disease risk factors and nutrition. Intake of phytoestrogens was estimated using the food frequency questionnaire covering regular dietary intake of 178 food items in the year before enrollment. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios of cardiovascular disease for quartiles of phytoestrogen intake adjusted for age at intake, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, use of hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status, and intake of total energy, total fiber, vegetables, fruit, and alcohol. In total, 372 women experienced a coronary event (CHD) (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9], 410 to 414, 427.5) and 147 women a cerebrovascular event (CVD) (ICD-9, 430 to 438) during follow-up. Overall, neither isoflavones nor lignans were associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk. When stratifying for ever versus never smokers, CHD risk decreased with increasing lignan intake for ever smokers. Conclusions— Our results do not support the presence of a protective effect of higher intake of phytoestrogens in low doses on cardiovascular disease risk, although a small risk reduction with higher lignan intake cannot be excluded for smokers.
Rosiglitazone Reduces the Accelerated Neointima Formation After Arterial Injury in a Mouse Injury Model of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: J. William Phillips, Kurt G. Barringhaus, John M. Sanders, Zandong Yang, Meng Chen, Sean Hesselbacher, Ann C. Czarnik, Klaus Ley, Jerry Nadler, Ian J. Sarembock
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Hyperglycemia (HG) and hyperinsulinemia (HI) may be factors enhancing the atherosclerotic complications of diabetes. We hypothesized that specific feeding of C57BL/6 apolipoprotein (apo) E −/− mice would alter their metabolic profiles and result in different degrees of neointima (NI) formation. We additionally hypothesized that an insulin-sensitizing agent (rosiglitazone) would prevent the development of type 2 diabetes and reduce neointima formation after carotid wire injury measured at 28 days. Methods and Results— Fasting glucose and insulin levels were elevated in the Western diet (WD) group, with a trend toward higher insulin levels and euglycemia in the fructose diet (FD)–fed mice. NI formation was exaggerated in the WD group compared with the FD or chow control groups. In the WD mice given rosiglitazone, glucose and insulin levels remained normal and NI formation was significantly reduced, as was NI macrophage content. Conclusions— These findings demonstrate that apoE −/− mice fed a WD develop type 2 diabetes with an exaggerated NI response to injury. FD mice maintain euglycemia but develop insulin resistance, with an intermediate degree of NI growth compared with chow diet controls. Rosiglitazone prevents the development of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and normalizes the insulin release profile in the apoE −/− , WD-fed mouse and significantly reduces NI formation by 65% after carotid wire injury while reducing macrophage infiltration. These data support the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes in the setting of elevated cholesterol accelerates the response to vascular injury and suggest that agents that improve insulin sensitivity may have therapeutic value in reducing restenosis in type 2 diabetes.
Methacholine induced headache.
Authors: C Carratala, J G Gea, M C Aguar, S Grau, J M Espadaler-Medina, J M Broquetas
Journal: Thorax (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with HIV (PWH) following vaccination is unclear. In a sub-study of the phase 2/3 the COV002 trial (NCT04400838), 54 HIV positive male participants on antiretroviral therapy (undetectable viral loads, CD4+ T cells &gt;350 cells/ul) received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) 4-6 weeks apart and were followed for 6 months. Responses to vaccination were determined by serology (IgG ELISA and MesoScale Discovery (MSD)), neutralisation, ACE-2 inhibition, gamma interferon ELISpot, activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and T cell proliferation. We show that 6 months after vaccination the majority of measurable immune responses were greater than pre-vaccination baseline, but with evidence of a decline in both humoral and cell mediated immunity. There was, however, no significant difference compared to a cohort of HIV-uninfected individuals vaccinated with the same regimen. Responses to the variants of concern were detectable, although were lower than wild type. Pre-existing cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike were associated with greater post-vaccine immunity and correlated with prior exposure to beta coronaviruses. These data support the on-going policy to vaccinate PWH against SARS-CoV-2, and underpin the need for long-term monitoring of responses after vaccination.
Dietary glycemic load, glycemic index, and carbohydrates on the risk of primary liver cancer among Chinese women and men
Authors: E. Vogtmann, H.L. Li, X.O. Shu, W.H. Chow, B.T. Ji, H. Cai, J. Gao, W. Zhang, Y.T. Gao, W. Zheng, Y.B. Xiang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Recurrent bleeding from cutaneous venous collaterals in portal hypertension.
Authors: H R van Buuren, T E Fick, S W Schalm
Journal: Gut (1988)

In portal hypertension, three types of cutaneous portosystemic collaterals may develop: the 9classical9 caput Medusae, enterostomal varices and scar or adhesion-related abdominal collaterals. Two patients were treated with severe and recurrent bleeding from adhesion-related collaterals, a complication not reported previously. In the first patient bleeding was only controlled by mesocaval shunt operation; the second patient suffered no further recurrence after local sclerotherapy.
Efficacy of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 in chronic myeloid leukemia and other hematologic malignancies
Authors: Jorge Cortes, Maher Albitar, Deborah Thomas, Francis Giles, Razelle Kurzrock, Alain Thibault, Wayne Rackoff, Charles Koller, Susan O'Brien, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Moshe Talpaz, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2003)
Absolutist array specification and species survival: An ecological perspective on ecological perception
Authors: Patrick A. Cabe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Stoffregen &amp; Bardy propose an absolutist transmodal array structure model, intended to displace models of specification in all existing perceptual theories. Absolute specification of world structure in array structures, either unimodal or transmodal, may not be provable, but might be falsifiable. Absolute specification, moreover, may not be a necessary postulate in an ecological approach to understanding perception-action.
Role of ethanol-inducible cytochrome p-450 2E1 in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by the chemical carcinogen, N-nitrosodimethylamine
Authors: Mikihiro Tsutsumi, Yoshiro Matsuda, Akira Takada
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Cytochrome P-450 2E1 is a specific isozyme of cytochrome P-450 induced by ethanol. P-450 2E1 may also be the only enzyme that metabolizes N-nitrosodimethylamine at a very low concentration. Because N-nitrosodimethylamine is a procarcinogen, the possibility that induction of P-450 2E1 by alcohol abuse may accelerate the carcinogenic action of a very small dose of N-nitrosodimethylamine should be considered. To investigate this possibility, effects of ethanol on the hepatic carcinogenic action of a very small dose of N-nitrosodimethylamine were analyzed in rats. Sixty Wistar male rats were divided into two groups (ethanol and control) according to the liquid diets they were fed. After preliminary feeding, N-nitrosodimethylamine in two concentrations (1.5 ng/ml and 3.0 micrograms/ml) in drinking water was given with the diets for 40 or 60 wk. To avoid metabolic competition between ethanol and n-nitrosodimethylamine, we gave N-nitrosodimethylamine and the diets alternately. The average amount of N-nitrosodimethylamine consumed per day was 11 to 37 ng/kg body weight in the 1.5-ng group and was 27 to 37 micrograms/kg body weight in the 3.0-microgram group. Hepatic P-450 2E1 content was six times higher in the ethanol-treated groups than in the control groups throughout the experiment. Visible nodules and enzyme-altered foci were not found in rats in any group at the end of the fortieth week. These preneoplastic changes were found at the end of the sixtieth week only in rats in the groups treated with both ethanol and N-nitrosodimethylamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Creatinine Kinetics and the Definition of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Sushrut S. Waikar, Joseph V. Bonventre
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and devastating medical condition, but no widely accepted definition exists. A recent classification system by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (RIFLE) defines AKI largely by percentage increases in serum creatinine (SCr) over baseline. The Acute Kidney Injury Network defines the first stage by either an absolute or a percentage increase in SCr. To examine the implications of various definitions, we solved differential equations on the basis of mass balance principles. We simulated creatinine kinetics after AKI in the setting of normal baseline kidney function and stages 2, 3, and 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). The percentage changes in SCr after severe AKI are highly dependent on baseline kidney function. Twenty-four hours after a 90% reduction in creatinine clearance, the rise in SCr was 246% with normal baseline kidney function, 174% in stage 2 CKD, 92% in stage 3 CKD, and only 47% in stage 4 CKD. By contrast, the absolute increase was nearly identical (1.8 to 2.0 mg/dl) across the spectrum of baseline kidney function. Time to reach a 50% increase in SCr was directly related to baseline kidney function: From 4 h (normal baseline) up to 27 h for stage 4 CKD. By contrast, the time to reach a 0.5-mg/dl increase in SCr was virtually identical after moderate to severe AKI (>50% reduction in creatinine clearance). We propose an alternative definition of AKI that incorporates absolute changes in SCr over a 24- to 48-h time period.
Further Observations on the Potentiation of Postnephrectomy Hypertension of the Dog by Dietary Protein
Authors: E. E. MUIRHEAD, J. A. STIRMAN, F. JONES
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

An assay procedure for the evaluation of dietary factors in renoprival hypertension over a short period is described. By means of this procedure dietary protein was found to potentiate renoprival hypertension of the dog. In the absence of dietary protein 2.5 mEq. sodium per kilogram per day was attended by a slight but significant elevation in the arterial pressure. The same level of hypertension was observed with fluid and sodium loading alone, dietary protein plus a lesser sodium intake, and dietary protein plus a greater sodium intake.
Does This Patient Have Pulmonary Embolism?
Authors: Sanjeev D. Chunilal
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextExperienced clinicians' gestalt is useful in estimating the pretest probability for pulmonary embolism and is complementary to diagnostic testing, such as lung scanning. However, it is unclear whether recently developed clinical prediction rules, using explicit features of clinical examination, are comparable with clinicians' gestalt. If so, clinical prediction rules would be powerful tools because they could be used by less-experienced health care professionals to simplify the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Recent studies have shown that the combination of a low pretest probability (using a clinical prediction rule) and a normal result of a D-dimer test reliably excludes pulmonary embolism without the need for further testing.ObjectiveTo evaluate and demonstrate the accuracy of pretest probability assessment for pulmonary embolism using clinical gestalt vs clinical prediction rules.Data SourcesThe MEDLINE database was searched for relevant articles published between 1966 and March 2003. Bibliographies of pertinent articles also were scanned for suitable articles.Study SelectionTo be included in the analysis, studies were required to have consecutive, unselected patients enrolled; participating physicians in the studies, blinded to the results of diagnostic testing, had to estimate pretest probability of pulmonary embolism; and validated diagnostic methods had to be used to confirm or exclude pulmonary embolism.Data ExtractionThree reviewers independently scanned titles and abstracts for inclusion of studies. An initial MEDLINE search identified 1709 studies, of which 16 involving 8306 patients were included in the final analysis.Data SynthesisA clinical gestalt strategy was used in 7 studies, and in the low, moderate, and high pretest categories, the rates of pulmonary embolism ranged from 8% to 19%, 26% to 47%, and 46% to 91%, respectively. Clinical prediction rules were used in 10 studies, and 3% to 28%, 16% to 46%, and 38% to 98% in the low, moderate, and high pretest probability groups, respectively, had pulmonary embolism.ConclusionsThe clinical gestalt of experienced clinicians and the clinical prediction rules used by physicians of varying experience have shown similar accuracy in discriminating among patients who have a low, moderate, or high pretest probability of pulmonary embolism. We advocate the use of a clinical prediction rule because it has shown to be accurate and can be used by less-experienced clinicians.
Quantification of Circulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3–Positive Lymphatic/Vascular Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Francoise Farace, Melissa Taylor, Jochen Rössler, Yohann Loriot, Benjamin Besse
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Bogos et al. ([1][1]), which showed that circulating lymphatic/vascular endothelial progenitor cells (LVEPC) are significantly increased in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients and correlate with clinical behavior. We wish to comment on several
Assessment of potential risk levels associated with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference values.
Authors: Rosemary Castorina, Tracey J Woodruff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) generally uses reference doses (RfDs) or reference concentrations (RfCs) to assess risks from exposure to toxic substances for noncancer health end points. RfDs and RfCs are supposed to represent lifetime inhalation or ingestion exposure with minimal appreciable risk, but they do not include information about the estimated risk from exposures equal to the RfD/RfC. We used results from benchmark dose modeling approaches recently adopted for use in developing RfDs/RfCs to estimate the risk levels associated with exposures at the RfD/RfC. We searched the U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database and identified 11 chemicals with oral RfDs and 12 chemicals with inhalation RfCs that used benchmark dose modeling. For assessments with sufficient model information, we found that 16 of 21 (76%) of the dose-response models were linear or supralinear. We estimated the risk from exposures at the established RfDs and RfCs for these chemicals using a linear dose-response curve to characterize risk below the observed data. Risk estimates ranged from 1 in 10,000 to 5 in 1,000 for exposures at the RfDs, and from 1 in 10,000 to 3 in 1,000 for exposures at the RfCs. Risk estimates for exposures at the RfD/RfC values derived from sublinear dose-response curves ranged from 3 in 1,000,000,000 to 8 in 10,000. Twenty-four percent of reference values corresponded to estimated risk levels greater than 1 in 1,000; 10 of 14 assessments had points of departure greater than the no-observed-adverse-effect levels. For policy development regarding management of cancer risks, the U.S. EPA often uses 1 in 1,000,000 as a de minimis risk level. Although noncancer outcomes may in some instances be reversible and considered less severe than cancer, our findings call into question the assumption that established RfD and RfC values represent negligibly small risk levels.
The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Abexinostat Induces Cancer Stem Cells Differentiation in Breast Cancer with Low <i>Xist</i> Expression
Authors: Marion A. Salvador, Julien Wicinski, Olivier Cabaud, Yves Toiron, Pascal Finetti, Emmanuelle Josselin, Hélène Lelièvre, Laurence Kraus-Berthier, Stéphane Depil, François Bertucci, Yves Collette, Daniel Birnbaum, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Christophe Ginestier
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are the tumorigenic cell population that has been shown to sustain tumor growth and to resist conventional therapies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as anti-CSC therapies.We evaluated the effect of the HDACi compound abexinostat on CSCs from 16 breast cancer cell lines (BCL) using ALDEFLUOR assay and tumorsphere formation. We performed gene expression profiling to identify biomarkers predicting drug response to abexinostat. Then, we used patient-derived xenograft (PDX) to confirm, in vivo, abexinostat treatment effect on breast CSCs according to the identified biomarkers.We identified two drug-response profiles to abexinostat in BCLs. Abexinostat induced CSC differentiation in low-dose sensitive BCLs, whereas it did not have any effect on the CSC population from high-dose sensitive BCLs. Using gene expression profiling, we identified the long noncoding RNA Xist (X-inactive specific transcript) as a biomarker predicting BCL response to HDACi. We validated that low Xist expression predicts drug response in PDXs associated with a significant reduction of the breast CSC population.Our study opens promising perspectives for the use of HDACi as a differentiation therapy targeting the breast CSCs and identified a biomarker to select patients with breast cancer susceptible to responding to this treatment.
Endolymphatic sac tumors. A source of morbid hearing loss in von Hippel-Lindau disease
Authors: T. J. Manski
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Isolated reports suggest a possible association of endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs), which are extremely rare in the general population, with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). To determine if hearing loss and ELSTs are a component of VHL, we examined prevalence, clinical presentation, and natural history of hearing loss and ELSTs in VHL.Brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from 374 patients screened for VHL were reviewed for evidence of ELSTs. The VHL patients with MRI evidence suggestive of ELSTs or a history of hearing loss, tinnitus, or vertigo underwent additional radiologic and audiologic evaluations. To further assess prevalence of hearing loss and ELST in VHL, the next 66 patients screened in the VHL clinic (49 with proven VHL, 17 at risk for VHL) received MRI and audiologic assessment.Referral center.Study subjects comprised 374 persons screened for VHL, 66 consecutive patients with VHL or at risk for VHL, 4 patients with 6 ELSTs, and 13 previously reported patients with VHL and invasive tumors of the temporal bone.Magnetic resonance image and computed tomographic (CT) scan of the posterior fossa and audiologic assessment.Any ELST visible on MRI or CT and hearing loss compatible with ELST.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed evidence of 15 ELSTs in 13 (11%) of 121 patients with VHL, but in none of the 253 patients without evidence of VHL (P<.001). Clinical findings in these 13 patients included hearing loss (13), tinnitus (12), vertigo (8), and facial paresis (1). Mean age at onset of hearing loss was 22 years (range, 12-50 years). Hearing for pure tones was abnormal in all affected ears and in 6 of the 11 additional, allegedly unaffected ears. In 8 patients (62%), hearing loss was the first manifestation of VHL. Presence or absence of hearing loss was associated with duration of symptoms (P<.002) and with tumor size (P<.01). Further, 43 (65%) of the 66 patients from the VHL clinic had pure tone threshold abnormalities, abnormalities that occurred bilaterally in 23 (54%) of the 43 affected subjects; however, evidence is lacking for a definitive association with ELST (3 [6%] of 49 patients with proven VHL had ELST evident on MRI).Hearing loss and ELSTs are frequently associated with VHL syndrome and should be considered when screening individuals at risk for VHL and when monitoring patients with an established diagnosis of VHL. Many patients with VHL have hearing loss without radiographic evidence of an ELST. Whether it is caused by an ELST that is too small to be detected by MRI or is produced by some other etiology is still unknown. Audiologic evaluation and MRI should allow early detection and enhance management of hearing loss in these patients.
Assessment of in vivo 5-lipoxygenase activity by analysis of leukotriene B4 in saliva: Effects of treatment with zileuton
Authors: Flora Gaber, Anna James, Ingrid Delin, Anders Wetterholm, Anthony P. Sampson, Barbro Dahlén, Sven-Erik Dahlén, Maria Kumlin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
<sup>64</sup>Cu Labeled Sarcophagine Exendin-4 for MicroPET Imaging of Glucagon like Peptide-1 Receptor Expression
Authors: Zhanhong Wu, Shuanglong Liu, Indu Nair, Keiko Omori, Stephen Scott, Ivan Todorov, John E. Shively, Peter S. Conti, Zibo Li, Fouad Kandeel
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

The Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) has become an important target for imaging due to its elevated expression profile in pancreatic islets, insulinoma, and the cardiovascular system.Because native GLP-1 is degraded rapidly by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), several studies have conjugated different chelators to a more stable analog of GLP-1 (such as exendin-4) as PET or SPECT imaging agents with various advantages and disadvantages.Based on the recently developed Sarcophagin chelator, here, we describe the construction of GLP-1R targeted PET probes containing monomeric and dimeric exendin-4 subunit.The in vitro binding affinity of Bar-MalSar-exendin-4 and Mal 2 Sar-(exendin-4) 2 was evaluated in INS-1 cells, which over-express GLP-1R.Mal 2 Sar-(exendin-4) 2 demonstrated around 3 times higher binding affinity compared with BaMalSar-exendin-4.After 64 Cu labeling, microPET imaging of 64 Cu-BaMalSar-exendin-4 and 64 Cu-Mal 2 Sar-(exendin-4) 2 were performed on subcutaneous INS-1 tumors, which were clearly visualized with both probes.The tumor uptake of 64 Cu-Mal 2 Sar-(exendin-4) 2 was significantly higher than that of 64 Cu-BaMaSarl-exendin-4, which could be caused by polyvalency effect.The receptor specificity of these probes was confirmed by effective blocking of the uptake in both tumor and normal positive organs with 20-fold excess of unlabeled exendin-4.In conclusion, sarcophagine cage conjugated exendin-4 demonstrated persistent and specific uptake in INS-1 insulinoma model.Dimerization of exendin-4 could successfully lead to increased tumor uptake in vivo.Both 64 Cu-BaMalSar-exendin-4 and 64 Cu-Mal 2 Sar-(exendin-4) 2 hold a great potential for GLP-1R targeted imaging.