tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Co-stimulation of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from intrinsic asthmatics with exogenous recombinant IL-6 produce high levels of IL-4-dependent IgE
Authors: IM Sanchez-Guerrero, N Herrero, M Muro, RP Vegara, M Campos, AM Garcia-Alonso, MR Alvarez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Asthma is an inflammatory airway disorder, traditionally subdivided into extrinsic, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated, and intrinsic asthma of unknown aetiology. IgE synthesis requires contact between T- and B-cells and a signal provided by interleukin (IL)-4, which can be modulated by IL-6. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of IL-4 and IL-6 on total IgE synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from intrinsic and extrinsic asthmatics. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from intrinsic and extrinsic asthmatic patients and from healthy subjects were cultured and stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, recombinant IL-4 and IL-6. The IgE level in serum and supernatants was measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Serum IgE was significantly lower in intrinsic asthma than in extrinsic asthma, but significantly higher than in control subjects. IgE production by cultured mononuclear cells from extrinsic asthmatics was not modified after exogenous IL-4 and IL-6 addition. However, intrinsic asthmatics showed enhancement of IgE synthesis in response to IL-4 stimulation, reaching a threefold increase of the spontaneous IgE values, when simultaneous recombinant IL-4 plus IL-6 stimulus was used. Our results indicate that exogenous recombinant interleukin-6 can significantly upregulate the interleukin-4-dependent immunoglobulin E synthesis in intrinsic asthma. This suggests that immunoglobulin E could also play a role in the pathogenesis of intrinsic asthma, in which an interleukin-6 threshold would be critical.
Influenza A(H5N1): an overview of the current situation
Authors: A Melidou, G Gioula, M Exindari, D Chatzidimitriou, E Diza-Mataftsi
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Influenza viruses continue to threaten the world with a new pandemic. While currently attention is focused on the newly emerged A(H1N1) virus, the avian influenza A(H5N1) virus is still a cause of concern. Extended research is focused on the genetic evolution of the viruses, as well as their susceptibility to available antiviral drugs. One of the major priorities of the World Health Organization is to develop candidate vaccines, four of which are already licensed for use in the European Union. Since the last influenza pandemic in 1968, our knowledge of the influenza virus and its biology has greatly increased, revealing new avenues in the research for antiviral strategies and the development of effective vaccines.
Argon plasma coagulation therapy for ablation of Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: J Deviere
Journal: Gut (2002)

Endoscopic thermoablation with argon plasma coagulation (APC) for Barrett’s oesophagus is most effective for shorter segments but “buried” glands do occur. APC should remain in the area of experimental clinical studies

Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) is undoubtedly associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.1 Now that therapeutic endoscopy techniques have improved, it is therefore tempting to ablate Barrett’s intestinal metaplasia in order to decrease the risk of tumour development. However, ablation therapy is still controversial, especially for patients having no dysplasia, due to: (1) their low risk of cancer; (2) the risk associated with the technique of ablation; and (3) the fact that we do not know if Barrett’s ablation will really decrease the risk of cancer in the long term in an individual patient.

The rationale for current ablative therapy began with the observation that destruction or ablation of intestinal metaplasia associated with acid suppression results in its rapid replacement by a squamous epithelium.2 Several groups of investigators have performed clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of BO ablation associated with proton …
Galectin-1: A Link Between Tumor Hypoxia and Tumor Immune Privilege
Authors: Quynh-Thu Le, Gongyi Shi, Hongbin Cao, Daniel W. Nelson, Yingyun Wang, Eunice Y. Chen, Shuchun Zhao, Christina Kong, Donna Richardson, Ken J. O'Byrne, Amato J. Giaccia, Albert C. Koong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To identify a 15-KDa novel hypoxia-induced secreted protein in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and to determine its role in malignant progression.We used surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) and tandem MS to identify a novel hypoxia-induced secreted protein in FaDu cells. We used immunoblots, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay to confirm the hypoxic induction of this secreted protein as galectin-1 in cell lines and xenografts. We stained tumor tissues from 101 HNSCC patients for galectin-1, CA IX (carbonic anhydrase IX, a hypoxia marker) and CD3 (a T-cell marker). Expression of these markers was correlated to each other and to treatment outcomes.SELDI-TOF studies yielded a hypoxia-induced peak at 15 kDa that proved to be galectin-1 by MS analysis. Immunoblots and PCR studies confirmed increased galectin-1 expression by hypoxia in several cancer cell lines. Plasma levels of galectin-1 were higher in tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice breathing 10% O2 compared with mice breathing room air. In HNSCC patients, there was a significant correlation between galectin-1 and CA IX staining (P = .01) and a strong inverse correlation between galectin-1 and CD3 staining (P = .01). Expression of galectin-1 and CD3 were significant predictors for overall survival on multivariate analysis.Galectin-1 is a novel hypoxia-regulated protein and a prognostic marker in HNSCC. This study presents a new mechanism on how hypoxia can affect the malignant progression and therapeutic response of solid tumors by regulating the secretion of proteins that modulate immune privilege.
<i>BCL2</i> Expression Is a Prognostic Marker for the Activated B-Cell–Like Type of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Javeed Iqbal, Vishala T. Neppalli, George Wright, Bhavana J. Dave, Douglas E. Horsman, Andreas Rosenwald, James Lynch, Christine P. Hans, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Timothy C. Greiner, Randy D. Gascoyne, Elias Campo, German Ott, H. Konrad Müller-Hermelink, Jan Delabie, Elaine S. Jaffe, Thomas M. Grogan, Joseph M. Connors, Julie M. Vose, James O. Armitage, Louis M. Staudt, Wing C. Chan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Background The role of BCL2 as a predictor of survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is controversial. DLBCL is heterogeneous, and the expression of BCL2 is variable within the two major subgroups of DLBCL, germinal center B-cell–like (GCB) and activated B-cell–like (ABC) DLBCL, as well as primary mediastinal DLBCL. Patients and Methods In this study, we investigated the correlation of BCL2 expression with survival in the two major subgroups of DLBCL, as well as the mechanisms of BCL2 expression. Results There was no significant correlation between BCL2 protein expression and overall survival within the GCB subgroup, but BCL2 expression had a significant adverse effect on overall survival within the ABC subgroup (P = .008). This correlation was also observed at the mRNA level (P &lt; .04). The difference remained significant when the analyses were performed at different cutoff values. The t(14;18) was frequently observed in the GCB subgroup and was highly associated with BCL2 expression. Patients with ABC DLBCL did not exhibit t(14;18) but had a markedly higher frequency of chromosome 18q21 amplification, on which BCL2 resides. Thus, alternative mechanisms such as 18q21 amplification or activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway, as reported previously, seem to be mainly responsible for the upregulation of BCL2 expression in the ABC subgroup. Conclusion Treating all DLBCL as a single entity ignores the mechanistic differences in BCL2 upregulation and obscures the prognostic significance of BCL2 expression. Hence, the significance of BCL2 and other biomarkers should be assessed in the context of DLBCL subgroups in future studies.
Implications of the Human Genome for Understanding Human Biology and Medicine
Authors: G. Subramanian
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Clinical researchers, practicing physicians, patients, and the general public now live in a world in which the 2.9 billion nucleotide codes of the human genome are available as a resource for scientific discovery. Some of the findings from the sequencing of the human genome were expected, confirming knowledge presaged by many decades of research in both human and comparative genetics. Other findings are unexpected in their scientific and philosophical implications. In either case, the availability of the human genome is likely to have significant implications, first for clinical research and then for the practice of medicine. This article provides our reflections on what the new genomic knowledge might mean for the future of medicine and how the new knowledge relates to what we knew in the era before the availability of the genome sequence. In addition, practicing physicians in many communities are traditionally also ambassadors of science, called on to translate arcane data or the complex ramifications of biology into a language understood by the public at large. This article also may be useful for physicians who serve in this capacity in their communities. We address the following issues: the number of protein-coding genes in the human genome and certain classes of noncoding repeat elements in the genome; features of genome evolution, including large-scale duplications; an overview of the predicted protein set to highlight prominent differences between the human genome and other sequenced eukaryotic genomes; and DNA variation in the human genome. In addition, we show how this information lays the foundations for ongoing and future endeavors that will revolutionize biomedical research and our understanding of human health.
Validation and comparison of reference equations for the 6-min walk distance test
Authors: C. G. Cote, C. Casanova, J. M. Marín, M. V. Lopez, V. Pinto-Plata, M. M. de Oca, L. J. Dordelly, H. Nekach, B. R. Celli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Exercise impairment as measured by the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) test afflicts many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is known to predict mortality. Reference equations for the 6MWD in adults have been published but not yet validated. The present authors prospectively followed 1,379 COPD patients for 55±30 months and tested the predictive value of the baseline 6MWD in metres, the 6MWD work (kg·m −1 ) and as a percentage of predicted values the 6MWD in meters according to two reference equations. All-cause mortality was the validating outcome. The best threshold values were identified for each of the tests using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The threshold values obtained were: 350 m for the 6MWD, 25,000 kg·m −1 for the 6MWD work, and 67 and 54% predicted for the two reference equations . All modalities of the testing were similar at predicting COPD mortality and correlated well with the 6MWD test. In conclusion, all modalities of testing predict mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease equally well. In the 6-min walk distance test, a value &lt;350 m is associated with increased mortality and should be regarded as abnormal.
The Prevalence of Autism
Authors: Eric Fombonne
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NJML: A Hybrid Algorithm for the Neighbor-Joining and Maximum-Likelihood Methods
Authors: Satoshi Ota, Wen-Hsiung Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

In the reconstruction of a large phylogenetic tree, the most difficult part is usually the problem of how to explore the topology space to find the optimal topology. We have developed a “divide-and-conquer” heuristic algorithm in which an initial neighbor-joining (NJ) tree is divided into subtrees at internal branches having bootstrap values higher than a threshold. The topology search is then conducted by using the maximum-likelihood method to reevaluate all branches with a bootstrap value lower than the threshold while keeping the other branches intact. Extensive simulation showed that our simple method, the neighbor-joining maximum-likelihood (NJML) method, is highly efficient in improving NJ trees. Furthermore, the performance of the NJML method is nearly equal to or better than existing time-consuming heuristic maximum-likelihood methods. Our method is suitable for reconstructing relatively large molecular phylogenetic trees (number of taxa ≥ 16).
Concentrations of cefixime in bronchial mucosa and sputum after three oral multiple dose regimens.
Authors: D R Baldwin, J M Andrews, J P Ashby, R Wise, D Honeybourne
Journal: Thorax (1990)

In a study of 58 patients the concentrations of cefixime, a new oral cephem antibiotic, in bronchial mucosa were 35-40% of the concentrations found in simultaneously collected serum samples. The antibiotic was often undetectable in sputum despite a highly sensitive assay.
Perceived job insecurity as a risk factor for incident coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: M. Virtanen, S. T. Nyberg, G. D. Batty, M. Jokela, K. Heikkila, E. I. Fransson, L. Alfredsson, J. B. Bjorner, M. Borritz, H. Burr, A. Casini, E. Clays, D. De Bacquer, N. Dragano, M. Elovainio, R. Erbel, J. E. Ferrie, M. Hamer, K.-H. Jockel, F. Kittel, A. Knutsson, M. Koskenvuo, A. Koskinen, T. Lunau, I. E. H. Madsen, M. L. Nielsen, M. Nordin, T. Oksanen, K. Pahkin, J. H. Pejtersen, J. Pentti, R. Rugulies, P. Salo, M. J. Shipley, J. Siegrist, A. Steptoe, S. B. Suominen, T. Theorell, S. Toppinen-Tanner, A. Vaananen, J. Vahtera, P. J. M. Westerholm, H. Westerlund, N. Slopen, I. Kawachi, A. Singh-Manoux, M. Kivimaki
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To determine the association between self reported job insecurity and incident coronary heart disease.A meta-analysis combining individual level data from a collaborative consortium and published studies identified by a systematic review.We obtained individual level data from 13 cohort studies participating in the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations Consortium. Four published prospective cohort studies were identified by searches of Medline (to August 2012) and Embase databases (to October 2012), supplemented by manual searches.Prospective cohort studies that reported risk estimates for clinically verified incident coronary heart disease by the level of self reported job insecurity. Two independent reviewers extracted published data. Summary estimates of association were obtained using random effects models.The literature search yielded four cohort studies. Together with 13 cohort studies with individual participant data, the meta-analysis comprised up to 174,438 participants with a mean follow-up of 9.7 years and 1892 incident cases of coronary heart disease. Age adjusted relative risk of high versus low job insecurity was 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.59). The relative risk of job insecurity adjusted for sociodemographic and risk factors was 1.19 (1.00 to 1.42). There was no evidence of significant differences in this association by sex, age (<50 v ≥ 50 years), national unemployment rate, welfare regime, or job insecurity measure.The modest association between perceived job insecurity and incident coronary heart disease is partly attributable to poorer socioeconomic circumstances and less favourable risk factor profiles among people with job insecurity.
Serological, biochemical, and functional identity of B cell-stimulatory factor 1 and B cell differentiation factor for IgG1.
Authors: E S Vitetta, J Ohara, C D Myers, J E Layton, P H Krammer, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

By three criteria, we have demonstrated that B cell stimulatory factor (BSF-1) and B cell differentiation factor (BCDF-gamma) are the same lymphokine. Highly purified preparations of high performance liquid chromatography-purified or affinity-purified BSF-1 had BCDF-gamma activity but not BCDF-mu activity. A monoclonal anti-BSF-1 antibody coupled to Sepharose depleted both BSF-1 and BCDF-gamma activity but not BCDF-mu activity from two different T cell supernatants. Soluble monoclonal anti-BSF-1 blocked the BSF-1 and BCDF-gamma but not the BCDF-mu responses. These results suggest that BSF-1 acts on both resting and activated B cells to induce different effects.
In vitro permeability screening for identification of orally bioavailable endothelin receptor antagonists
Authors: Harma Ellens, Evangeline P. Eddy, Chao-Pin Lee, Phyllis Dougherty, Amparo Lago, Jia-Ning Xiang, John D. Elliott, Hung-Yuan Cheng, Eliot Ohlstein, Philip L. Smith
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (1997)
The Pivotal Role of Vascularization in Tissue Engineering
Authors: François A. Auger, Laure Gibot, Dan Lacroix
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2013)

Vascularization is one of the great challenges that tissue engineering faces in order to achieve sizeable tissue and organ substitutes that contain living cells. There are instances, such as skin replacement, in which a tissue-engineered substitute does not absolutely need a preexisting vascularization. However, tissue or organ substitutes in which any dimension, such as thickness, exceeds 400 μm need to be vascularized to ensure cellular survival. Consistent with the wide spectrum of approaches to tissue engineering itself, which vary from acellular synthetic biomaterials to purely biological living constructs, approaches to tissue-engineered vascularization cover numerous techniques. Those techniques range from micropatterns engineered in biomaterials to microvascular networks created by endothelial cells. In this review, we strive to provide a critical overview of the elements that must be considered in the pursuit of this goal and the major approaches that are investigated in hopes of achieving it.
SPASM: A 3D-ASM for segmentation of sparse and arbitrarily oriented cardiac MRI data
Authors: Hans C. van Assen, Mikhail G. Danilouchkine, Alejandro F. Frangi, Sebastián Ordás, Jos J.M. Westenberg, Johan H.C. Reiber, Boudewijn P.F. Lelieveldt
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2006)
Inhibition of Extracellular-signal Regulated Kinases 1/2 Is Required for Apoptosis of Human Colon Cancer Cells <b> <i>In vitro</i> </b> by Sulindac Metabolites
Authors: Pamela L. Rice, K. Scott Beard, Linda J. Driggers, Dennis J. Ahnen
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including sulindac have shown potent chemopreventive and tumor regressive effects against colorectal cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. However, the mechanisms by which sulindac inhibits tumor cell growth are not completely understood. We previously reported that sulindac metabolites inhibit the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) signaling cascade in colorectal cancer cell lines at doses that induce apoptosis, and inhibition of MEK/ERK activity with U0126 is sufficient to induce apoptotic cell death. To determine whether inhibition of MEK/ERK activity is necessary for sulindac-induced apoptosis of human colon cancer cells, stable transfectants were created that express an activated MEK1 gene in HT29 cells. HT29-MEK1(R4F) clones displayed a 10- to 20-fold increase in MEK1 activity compared with control HT29-pCEP4 clones. When compared with control HT29-pCEP4 clones, HT29-MEK1(R4F) clones were resistant to both apoptosis and inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by sulindac metabolites. These results suggest that inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling is necessary for the induction of apoptosis by sulindac metabolites.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation markers in nonasthmatics with allergic rhinitis
Authors: R Polosa, I Ciamarra, G Mangano, G Prosperini, MP Pistorio, C Vancheri, N Crimi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a characteristic feature of asthma which is often associated with airways inflammation. However, some patients with allergic rhinitis and no clinical evidence of asthma also exhibit BHR. This study therefore investigated whether inflammatory cell infiltrate is present in the induced sputum of nonasthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis during the pollen season and examined its relationship with airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP). Twenty subjects (12 allergic rhinitis, eight nonallergic controls) underwent methacholine and AMP challenge and sputum induction with hypertonic saline on separate days. Cell differentials were calculated from whole sputum samples. A significantly greater number of eosinophils was found in the sputum of nonasthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis compared to that of nonallergic controls, their median (range) percentages being 17.5 (4-47) and 1.5 (0-5) (p&lt;0.001) respectively. Although sputum eosinophilia failed to be significantly associated with methacholine responsiveness (r(s)=-0.50; p=0.095), the provocative concentration of AMP causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second correlated strongly and significantly with the absolute number of eosinophils (r(s)= -0.73; p=0.007). Eosinophil cationic protein levels in the sputum of rhinitic subjects were significantly elevated compared to controls and correlated with eosinophil number (r(s)=0.67; p=0.017). These findings support the view that bronchial eosinophilia alone is insufficient to cause asthmatic symptoms. Diverse agonists for assessing bronchial hyperresponsiveness are selectively associated with airway inflammation in allergic rhinitis.