tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surfactant in children with malignancies, immunosuppression, fever and pulmonary infiltrates
Authors: M. Griese, M. Neumann, T. von Bredow, R. Schmidt, F. Ratjen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

In children with malignancies and immunosuppression, significant morbidity and mortality result from respiratory complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not this is associated with altered surfactant components or functions. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 24 children with malignancies, immunosuppression, pulmonary infiltrates and fever unresponsive to empirical antibiotic treatment were compared to that from 24 healthy children. Levels of surfactant protein (SP) A and D and their binding capacity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as levels of SP-B and SP-C, were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The large and small surfactant aggregate forms were separated and the biophysical activity of large surfactant aggregates was determined using a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Compared to healthy controls, SP-A levels were increased four-fold, the increase being most pronounced in those children with pathogens recovered from their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In children with malignancies, levels of SP-C were increased two-fold and of small surfactant aggregates five-fold. No differences were observed in levels of SP-B or SP-D, binding capacity of SP-A or SP-D or the surface activity of large surfactant aggregates. The increased levels of surfactant protein A, particularly in children with recovered microorganisms, and unchanged binding capacity of surfactant protein A are consistent with upregulated local host defence mechanisms. Increased surfactant protein A and C may also be responsible for the conserved biophysical activity of surfactant in children with malignancies, immunosuppression, pulmonary infiltrates and fever.
The <i>small heart</i> Mutation Reveals Novel Roles of Na <sup>+</sup> /K <sup>+</sup> -ATPase in Maintaining Ventricular Cardiomyocyte Morphology and Viability in Zebrafish
Authors: Shipeng Yuan, Elaine M. Joseph
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Forward genetic screens in zebrafish have been used to identify mutations in genes with important roles in organogenesis. One of these mutants, small heart, develops a diminutive and severely malformed heart and multiple developmental defects of the brain, ears, eyes, and kidneys. Using a positional cloning approach, we identify that the mutant gene encodes the zebrafish Na+/K+-ATPase alpha1B1 protein. Disruption of Na+/K+-ATPase alpha1B1 function via morpholino "knockdown" or pharmacological inhibition with ouabain phenocopies the mutant phenotype, in a dose-dependent manner. Heterozygosity for the mutation sensitizes embryos to ouabain treatment. Our findings present novel genetic and morphological details on the function of the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha1B1 in early cardiac morphogenesis and the pathogenesis of the small heart malformation. We demonstrate that the reduced size of the mutant heart is caused by dysmorphic ventricular cardiomyocytes and an increase in ventricular cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This study provides a new insight that Na+/K+-ATPase alpha1B1 is required for maintaining ventricular cardiomyocyte morphology and viability.
Cardiac Inflammation after Local Irradiation Is Influenced by the Kallikrein-Kinin System
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Sridharan, Preeti Tripathi, Sunil K. Sharma, Eduardo G. Moros, Peter M. Corry, Benjamin J. Lieblong, Elena Kaschina, Thomas Unger, Christa Thöne-Reineke, Martin Hauer-Jensen, Marjan Boerma
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Radiotherapy of intrathoracic and chest wall tumors may lead to exposure of the heart to ionizing radiation, resulting in radiation-induced heart diseases (RIHD). The main manifestations of RIHD become apparent many years after treatment and include cardiomyopathy and accelerated atherosclerosis. This study examines the role of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in RIHD by investigating the cardiac radiation response in a kininogen-deficient Brown Norway Katholiek (BN/Ka) rat model. BN/Ka rats and wild-type Brown Norway (BN) rats were exposed to local heart irradiation with a single dose of 18 Gy or 24 Gy and were observed for 3 to 6 months. Examinations included in vivo and ex vivo cardiac function, histopathology, gene and protein expression measurements, and mitochondrial swelling assays. Upon local heart irradiation, changes in in vivo cardiac function were significantly less in BN/Ka rats. For instance, a single dose of 24 Gy caused a 35% increase in fractional shortening in BN rats compared with a 16% increase in BN/Ka rats. BN rats, but not BN/Ka rats, showed a 56% reduction in cardiac numbers of CD2-positive cells, and a 57% increase in CD68-positive cells, together with a 52% increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). Local heart irradiation had similar effects on histopathology, mitochondrial changes, and left ventricular mRNA levels of NADPH oxidases in the two genotypes. These results suggest that the KKS plays a role in the effects of radiation on cardiac function and recruitment of inflammatory cells. The KKS may have these effects at least in part by altering Erk1/2 signaling.
Phase I Study of Intraventricular Administration of Rituximab in Patients With Recurrent CNS and Intraocular Lymphoma
Authors: James L. Rubenstein, Jane Fridlyand, Lauren Abrey, Arthur Shen, Jon Karch, Endi Wang, Samar Issa, Lloyd Damon, Michael Prados, Michael McDermott, Joan O'Brien, Chris Haqq, Marc Shuman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

We previously determined that intravenous administration of rituximab results in limited penetration of this agent into the leptomeningeal space. Systemic rituximab does not reduce the risk of CNS relapse or dissemination in patients with large cell lymphoma. We therefore conducted a phase I dose-escalation study of intrathecal rituximab monotherapy in patients with recurrent CNS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).The protocol planned nine injections of rituximab (10 mg, 25 mg, or 50 mg dose levels) through an Ommaya reservoir over 5 weeks. The safety profile of intraventricular rituximab was defined in 10 patients.The maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 25 mg and rapid craniospinal axis distribution was demonstrated. Cytologic responses were detected in six patients; four patients exhibited complete response. Two patients experienced improvement in intraocular NHL and one exhibited resolution of parenchymal NHL. High RNA levels of Pim-2 and FoxP1 in meningeal lymphoma cells were associated with disease refractory to rituximab monotherapy.These results suggest that intrathecal rituximab (10 to 25 mg) is feasible and effective in NHL involving the CNS.
The role of macrophages in the generation of T-helper cells. II. The genetic control of the macrophage-T-cell interaction for helper cell induction with soluble antigens.
Authors: P Erb, M Feldmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Helper cell induction to nonparticle antigens in vitro requires the cooperation of T cells and macrophages, but does not occur if the macrophages are allogenic. The reasons for this were investigated. Malfunction of allogenic macrophages was excluded by cultures with their syngenic T cells; suppressor cell induction was excluded by admixture experiments. Thus, T cells and macrophages only cooperated if they were genetically similar. The genetic locus (loci) involved was mapped. Using congenic lines differing only at the H-2 complex, the genetic control of T-macrophage interaction was localized in the H-2 region. Mice with intra H-2 recombinants were used to map the T-macrophage interaction locus in the I-A region of the H-2 complex (formerly known as poly-D, L-ala-poly-L-lys. Recombinants were also used to exclude the presence of another T-macrophage locus either the K, I-B, or I-C, SS-Slp, or D regions of the H-2 complex. Genetic restrictions for T-macrophage interaction in helper cell induction was shown in mice of the H-2-k, d, b, q, s genotypes as well as in H-2 recombinants. The possible mechanisms and significance of this genetic restriction are discussed.
A CLINICAL TRIAL WITH HYDROCOKTISONE BUTYRATE CREAM IN PSORIASIS
Authors: M. K. POLANO, D. SUURMOND, M. A. v. d. LELY, P. WARNAAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— In a double blind test a 0·1% hydrocortisone butyrate o/w cream under plastic occlusion was as effective as 0·1% triamcinolone acetonide in the same vehicle and significantly better (on the 0·001 level) than hydrocortisone acetate 1% cream. The possibility is discussed that the systemic effects of 0·1% hydrocortisone butyrate creams will prove to be less than those of 0·1%, triatncinolone acetonide creams.
A Longitudinal Study of Lipids and Blood Pressure in Relation to Method of Contraception in Latino Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Anny H. Xiang, Miwa Kawakubo, Thomas A. Buchanan, Siri L. Kjos
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

To investigate the effect of nonhormonal contraception (NHC), combination oral contraception (COC), and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on lipids and blood pressure in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).An observational cohort of 972 nondiabetic, normotensive, postpartum Latino women who elected NHC (n = 448), COC (n = 430), or DMPA (n = 94) were followed for at least one subsequent metabolic evaluation on the same contraception. Baseline and follow-up measures included glucose tolerance testing, fasting serum LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Patterns of changes in lipids and blood pressure were evaluated by comparing slopes over follow-up time using random coefficient linear mixed-effects models.Median follow-up times were 20, 12, and 11 months in the NHC, COC, and DMPA groups. The DMPA users gained significantly more weight (4.3 +/- 6.9 kg/year) compared with NHC and COC users (1.2 +/- 4.7 and 0.7 +/- 6.0 kg/year, respectively; P < 0.0001). Patterns of change in LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and DBP were not significantly different among groups. HDL cholesterol change differed only between COC and NHC groups (adjusted slopes: 1.0 vs. -1.6 mg x dl(-1) x year(-1), respectively; P < 0.0001). SBP change differed only between COC and DMPA groups (adjusted slopes: 1.3 vs. -1.7 mmHg/year, respectively; P = 0.01).These results, derived predominantly from the initial 1-2 years of treatment in Hispanic women, demonstrate that DMPA was associated with greater weight gain than NHCs or COCs. Other differences in blood pressure and lipid effects were very small. These findings should be taken into account when advising women with recent GDM about their contraceptive choices.
Management of a Case of Triad Syndrome
Authors: Loredana Brizio-Molteni
Journal: JAMA (1970)

An 18-year-old Negro boy with prune belly or triad syndrome had a solitary hydronephrotic kidney with an adynamic, massively dilated ureter and bladder. A pyeloileal urinary conduit wa indicated. With the lack of abdominal musculature and wrinkling of the abdominal skin, the usual ileal conduit, flush with the skin, would not allow a constant watertight seal with the urinary collecting device. Surgical management consisted of a pyeloileal conduit with the creation of a spigot-like cutaneous ileostomy which effectively accommodated the collecting device.
Prognostic Significance of Brachial Flow-Mediated Vasodilation
Authors: Todd J. Anderson
Journal: Circulation (2007)

here is currently much research devoted to the study of vascular biology in intact humans.These efforts aim to translate findings from the basic science arena to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and its complications.Markers of vascular risk have been used as surrogate end points in treatment studies.More recently, long-term studies have emerged that speak to the prognostic significance of these novel markers with a goal of refining risk stratification approaches.C-reactive protein is an excellent example of such a marker, with many others being evaluated.
Introduction to a Discussion on Obstructive Dysmenorrh a and Sterility
Authors: J. H. Croom
Journal: BMJ (1888)

Ti. discussion which I have been asked to inaugurate seems to -open suchc a wide field, that it is difficult to know how and where to begin.l)ysmenorrhoea is but a symptom, and a symptom of such vary- ing conditions that any discussion as to its relation to sterility would probably resolve itself into a discussion of the various dis- eases with which it is associated.Menorrhagia, amenorrhoea, dys- pareunia occupy a precisely similar position.Dysmenorrhoea, as a general question, is a difficult one.The views with regard to it are various, conflicting, and most of them require revision.There are no end of classifications of dysmenorrhcoa, but such classifliations only cause confulsion, and empirically laid down and acted onI cause unsatisfactory treatment and disappointing results, Wylie hlas well said: "If we knew definitely the physiological processes of normal menstruation, we could soon determine the pathlology of dysmenorrhwia; but since our knowledge is so slight, an(l the views of the best investigators so conflicting, we are obliged to rely on clinical experience to guide us."Clinically these fine distiiietions cannot be made.I regard dye.menorrhoea as mainly due to some hyperaemic conditions of the endometrium or Fallopian tubes or ovaries.To use the term ob- structive dysmenorrheoa is a misnomer.I regard the term as misleading; and so far as the pain of menstruation is due to some obstruction to the flow of the menstrual discharge, I believe it to be non-existent.Let u1s look, for example, at the ordinary varie- ties of dysmenorrhoa, and we shall see that congestion character- ises them all.First, there are those which are simply diathetic, due to gout and rheumatism, or which are purely neurotic in their origin.That these form a large class of dysmenorrhceas there can be no reasonable doiubt.How else account for the persistence of dysmenorrhoea in members of the same family?How else account for the persistence of sterility associated with dysmenorrhoea in nembers of the same family ?I lhave frequently seen large fami- lies of daughters all dysmenorrleic and sterile.Now in tthis case I believe that the dysmenorrhwa was due to gouty or rheumatic inflammation of the endometrium, along with resulting spasm of the os uteri internum, and that the sterility was due, not to inter- ference with conception, but ratlher to the congested mucous mem- brane forming a bad nidus for gestation.
Trauma and Dissociation in China
Authors: Zeping Xiao, Heqin Yan, Zhen Wang, Zheng Zou, Yong Xu, M.D., Jue Chen, M.D., Haiyin Zhang, M.D., Colin A. Ross, Benjamin B. Keyes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: In order to determine whether pathological dissociation occurs in China, the authors conducted a survey among psychiatric inpatients, outpatients, and the general population in Shanghai, China. There is virtually no popular or professional knowledge of dissociative identity disorder in China, and therefore professional and popular contamination cannot exist. Method: Chinese versions of the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule were administered to 423 inpatients, 304 outpatients, and 618 factory workers in Shanghai by Chinese psychiatrists working at the Shanghai Mental Health Center. Results: Dissociative disorders were diagnosed in 24 respondents by structured interview, and 15 respondents fell into the dissociative taxon on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. The outpatients reported the highest rates of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse and of pathological dissociation. Conclusions: Pathological dissociation can be detected readily among psychiatric outpatients in China but is much less common in the general population. Pathological dissociation is more frequent in more traumatized subsamples of the Chinese population. The findings are not consistent with the sociocognitive, contamination, or iatrogenic models of dissociative identity disorder.
Rectal epithelial cell mitosis and expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor are increased 3 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for morbid obesity: implications for long-term neoplastic risk following RYGB
Authors: P. Kant, A. Sainsbury, K. R. Reed, S. G. Pollard, N. Scott, A. R. Clarke, P. L. Coletta, M. A. Hull
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Rectal epithelial cell mitosis and crypt size, as well as expression of proinflammatory genes including <i>macrophage migration inhibitory factor</i> (<i>MIF</i>), are increased 6 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in morbidly obese patients. Tests were carried out to determine whether these putative colorectal cancer risk biomarkers remained elevated long term after RYGB, and the mechanistic basis, as well as the functional consequences, of <i>Mif</i> upregulation in intestinal epithelial cells was investigated. <h3>Methods</h3> Rectal mucosa and blood were obtained a median of 3 years after RYGB from the original cohort of patients with RYGB (n=19) for crypt microdissection, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry for MIF and immunoassay of proinflammatory markers. Immunohistochemistry for Mif and bromodeoxyuridine labelling were performed on <i>AhCre<sup>+</sup></i> mouse and <i>Apc<sup>Min/+</sup></i> mouse (with and without functional <i>Mif</i> alleles) intestine, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> Rectal epithelial cell mitosis and crypt size remained elevated 3 years after RYGB compared with preoperative values (1.7- and 1.5-fold, respectively; p&lt;0.05). There was a 40-fold (95% CI 13 to 125) increase in mucosal <i>MIF</i> transcript levels at 3 years associated with increased epithelial cell MIF protein levels. Conditional <i>Apc</i> loss in <i>AhCre<sup>+</sup></i> mice led to increased epithelial cell Mif content. <i>Mif</i> deficiency in <i>Apc<sup>Min/+</sup></i> mice was associated with a combined defect in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration, which was reflected by the longitudinal clinical data. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Mucosal abnormalities persist 3 years after RYGB and include elevation of the protumorigenic cytokine MIF, which is upregulated following <i>Apc</i> loss and which contributes to intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis. These observations should prompt clinical studies of colorectal neoplastic risk after RYGB.
Identification of Novel Amplification Gene Targets in Mouse and Human Breast Cancer at a Syntenic Cluster Mapping to Mouse ch8A1 and Human ch13q34
Authors: Martin C. Abba, Victoria T. Fabris, Yuhui Hu, Frances S. Kittrell, Wei-Wen Cai, Lawrence A. Donehower, Aysegul Sahin, Daniel Medina, C. Marcelo Aldaz
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Serial analysis of gene expression from aggressive mammary tumors derived from transplantable p53 null mouse mammary outgrowth lines revealed significant up-regulation of Tfdp1 (transcription factor Dp1), Lamp1 (lysosomal membrane glycoprotein 1) and Gas6 (growth arrest specific 6) transcripts. All of these genes belong to the same linkage cluster, mapping to mouse chromosome band 8A1. BAC-array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed genomic amplification at mouse region ch8A1.1. The minimal region of amplification contained genes Cul4a, Lamp1, Tfdp1, and Gas6, highly overexpressed in the p53 null mammary outgrowth lines at preneoplastic stages, and in all its derived tumors. The same amplification was also observed in spontaneous p53 null mammary tumors. Interestingly, this region is homologous to human chromosome 13q34, and some of the same genes were previously observed amplified in human carcinomas. Thus, we further investigated the occurrence and frequency of gene amplification affecting genes mapping to ch13q34 in human breast cancer. TFDP1 showed the highest frequency of amplification affecting 31% of 74 breast carcinomas analyzed. Statistically significant positive correlation was observed for the amplification of CUL4A, LAMP1, TFDP1, and GAS6 genes (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression data sets showed a strong association between the high expression of TFDP1 and decreased overall survival (P = 0.00004), relapse-free survival (P = 0.0119), and metastasis-free interval (P = 0.0064). In conclusion, our findings suggest that CUL4A, LAMP1, TFDP1, and GAS6 are targets for overexpression and amplification in breast cancers. Therefore, overexpression of these genes and, in particular, TFDP1 might be of relevance in the development and/or progression in a significant subset of human breast carcinomas. [Cancer Res 2007;67(9):4104–12]
Time course of exercise capacity, skeletal and respiratory muscle performance after heart-lung transplantation
Authors: N. Ambrosino, C. Bruschi, G. Callegari, S. Baiocchi, G. Felicetti, C. Fracchia, C. Rampulla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Recipients of heart-lung transplantation (HLT) show reduced exercise capacity due to several pre- and postsurgical factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time course of exercise capacity, and skeletal and respiratory muscle performance in 11 patients (5 females and 6 males; age (mean +/- SD) 38 +/- 13 yrs) undergoing HLT. All of the patients were admitted to our institution for a rehabilitation programme after surgery, and were followed-up for 18 months. On admission, at discharge after an in-patient rehabilitation programme, and every 6 months, patients underwent evaluation of: lung function values; incremental treadmill exercise, 6 min walking distance (6-MWD); maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively); and peak torque of isokinetic contraction of leg flexor and extensor muscles (IFX and IEX, respectively). On admission, patients had: reduced lung volumes as assessed by vital capacity (VC) (60 +/- 15% of predicted); reduced exercise capacity as assessed by peak oxygen consumption (V'O2,peak) (40 +/- 12% pred); reduced skeletal and respiratory muscle performance as assessed by IEX, IFX (48 +/- 16 and 28 +/- 12 Newton-metres (N x m), respectively) and by MIP and MEP (54 +/- 21 and 58 +/- 19 cmH2O, respectively). Ten patients completed the rehabilitation programme. At discharge, no significant change in dynamic and static lung volumes was observed. However, nonsignificant increases in MIP, MEP, IEX, IFX, 6-MWD and V'O2,peak were recorded. After 6 and 12 months, indices of skeletal and respiratory muscle function and V'O2, peak improved further, but still remained lower than normal values. We conclude that in patients with heart-lung transplantation, skeletal and respiratory muscle function and exercise performance are reduced after surgery, that they may improve with time but are still less than normal after 18 months.
Subacute Stent Thrombosis in the Era of Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Coronary Stenting Without Anticoagulation: Frequency, Predictors and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Issam Moussa, Carlo Di Mario, Bernhard Reimers, Tatsuro Akiyama, Jonathan Tobis, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)