tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of Involvement of 6-Hydroxymethylation in Benzo[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]pyrene Skin Tumor Initiation in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T. J. Slaga, W. M. Bracken, A. Viaje, D. L. Berry, S. M. Fischer, D. R. Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The skin tumor-initiating activities of benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 6-hydroxymethylbenzo[a]pyrene (6-OH-CH2-BP), and 6-methylbenzo[a]pyrene (6-CH3-BP), as well as the effects of 7,8-benzoflavone (7,8-BF), quercetin, and 1-benzylimidazole on their activity, were determined in outbred female CD®-1 mice by use of a two-stage system of tumorigenesis. The skin tumor-initiating activity of 6-OH-CH2-BP and 6-CH3-BP was 12.5 and 20%, respectively, of the activity of BP. 7,8-BF had little effect on the skin tumor-initiating activity of 6-OH-CH2-BP and 6-CH3-BP. However, a dose-dependent inhibition of BP tumorigenesis by 7,8-BF was noted. Quercetin and 1-benzylimidazole also inhibited BP skin tumor-initiating activity. These findings indicated that direct hydroxymethylation of BP is not an important pathway in the activation of BP in mouse skin tumor initiation.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate in the plasma compartment regulates basal and inflammation-induced vascular leak in mice
Authors: Eric Camerer, Jean B. Regard, Ivo Cornelissen, Yoga Srinivasan, Daniel N. Duong, Daniel Palmer, Trung H. Pham, Jinny S. Wong, Rajita Pappu, Shaun R. Coughlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Maintenance of vascular integrity is critical for homeostasis, and temporally and spatially regulated vascular leak is a central feature of inflammation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) can regulate endothelial barrier function, but the sources of the S1P that provide this activity in vivo and its importance in modulating different inflammatory responses are unknown. We report here that mutant mice engineered to selectively lack S1P in plasma displayed increased vascular leak and impaired survival after anaphylaxis, administration of platelet-activating factor (PAF) or histamine, and exposure to related inflammatory challenges. Increased leak was associated with increased interendothelial cell gaps in venules and was reversed by transfusion with wild-type erythrocytes (which restored plasma S1P levels) and by acute treatment with an agonist for the S1P receptor 1 (S1pr1). S1pr1 agonist did not protect wild-type mice from PAF-induced leak, consistent with plasma S1P levels being sufficient for S1pr1 activation in wild-type mice. However, an agonist for another endothelial cell Gi-coupled receptor, Par2, did protect wild-type mice from PAF-induced vascular leak, and systemic treatment with pertussis toxin prevented rescue by Par2 agonist and sensitized wild-type mice to leak-inducing stimuli in a manner that resembled the loss of plasma S1P. Our results suggest that the blood communicates with blood vessels via plasma S1P to maintain vascular integrity and regulate vascular leak. This pathway prevents lethal responses to leak-inducing mediators in mouse models.
Impact of HBV, HCV and GBV-C/HGV on hepatocellular carcinomas in Europe: results of a European concerted action
Authors: Christian Bréchot, Franck Jaffredo, David Lagorce, Guido Gerken, Karl Meyer zum Büschenfelde, Anastasia Papakonstontinou, Stephanos Hadziyannis, Raffaela Romeo, Massimo Colombo, Joan Rodes, Jordi Bruix, Roger Williams, Nikolai Naoumov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
AR-V7 and Resistance to Enzalutamide and Abiraterone in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Changxue Lu, Hao Wang, Brandon Luber, Mary Nakazawa, Jeffrey C. Roeser, Yan Chen, Tabrez A. Mohammad, Yidong Chen, Helen L. Fedor, Tamara L. Lotan, Qizhi Zheng, Angelo M. De Marzo, John T. Isaacs, William B. Isaacs, Rosa Nadal, Channing J. Paller, Samuel R. Denmeade, Michael A. Carducci, Mario A. Eisenberger, Jun Luo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The androgen-receptor isoform encoded by splice variant 7 lacks the ligand-binding domain, which is the target of enzalutamide and abiraterone, but remains constitutively active as a transcription factor. We hypothesized that detection of androgen-receptor splice variant 7 messenger RNA (AR-V7) in circulating tumor cells from men with advanced prostate cancer would be associated with resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone.We used a quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay to evaluate AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells from prospectively enrolled patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who were initiating treatment with either enzalutamide or abiraterone. We examined associations between AR-V7 status (positive vs. negative) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rates (the primary end point), freedom from PSA progression (PSA progression-free survival), clinical or radiographic progression-free survival, and overall survival.A total of 31 enzalutamide-treated patients and 31 abiraterone-treated patients were enrolled, of whom 39% and 19%, respectively, had detectable AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells. Among men receiving enzalutamide, AR-V7-positive patients had lower PSA response rates than AR-V7-negative patients (0% vs. 53%, P=0.004) and shorter PSA progression-free survival (median, 1.4 months vs. 6.0 months; P<0.001), clinical or radiographic progression-free survival (median, 2.1 months vs. 6.1 months; P<0.001), and overall survival (median, 5.5 months vs. not reached; P=0.002). Similarly, among men receiving abiraterone, AR-V7-positive patients had lower PSA response rates than AR-V7-negative patients (0% vs. 68%, P=0.004) and shorter PSA progression-free survival (median, 1.3 months vs. not reached; P<0.001), clinical or radiographic progression-free survival (median, 2.3 months vs. not reached; P<0.001), and overall survival (median, 10.6 months vs. not reached, P=0.006). The association between AR-V7 detection and therapeutic resistance was maintained after adjustment for expression of full-length androgen receptor messenger RNA.Detection of AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer may be associated with resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone. These findings require large-scale prospective validation. (Funded by the Prostate Cancer Foundation and others.).
Acute Emphysematous Cholecystitis
Authors: C U Abengowe, P J McManamon
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cyclooxygenase-2 and Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Are Overexpressed in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis
Authors: Dragan Golijanin, Jian-You Tan, Agnieszka Kazior, Erik G. Cohen, Paul Russo, Guido Dalbagni, Karen J. Auborn, Kotha Subbaramaiah, Andrew J. Dannenberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes malignant growth. Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the synthesis of PGH2, which is converted, in turn, by microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES-1) to PGE2. One strategy for inhibiting carcinogenesis is to prevent PGE2 production in premalignant and malignant tissues. It is important, therefore, to determine whether enzymes involved in PGE2 biosynthesis are deregulated in neoplasia. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether amounts of COX-2 or mPGES-1 were increased in intraepithelial neoplasia or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis. Because human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to the development of penile SCC, a secondary objective was to determine whether COX-2 was overexpressed in SCC arising in an HPV16 transgenic mouse. Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to evaluate the expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 in benign and malignant lesions including metastases to lymph nodes. Amounts of intratumoral PGE2 were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Reverse transcription-PCR was used to determine the expression of each of the four known receptors (EP1–4) for PGE2. Results: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 in dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, invasive SCC, and metastases to lymph nodes. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that COX-2 and mPGES-1 were consistently overexpressed in SCC. PGE2 and all four of the PGE2 receptor subtypes were detected in each of the tumor samples. Elevated levels of COX-2 were also detected in SCC arising in an HPV16 transgenic mouse. Conclusions: Increased amounts of COX-2 and mPGES-1 were detected in penile intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. These findings provide the basis for evaluating whether inhibiting COX-2 will be useful in the prevention or treatment of penile SCC.
Regional White Matter Hyperintensity Burden in Automated Segmentation Distinguishes Late-Life Depressed Subjects From Comparison Subjects Matched for Vascular Risk Factors
Authors: Yvette I. Sheline, Joseph L. Price, S. Neil Vaishnavi, Mark A. Mintun, Deanna M. Barch, Adrian A. Epstein, Consuelo H. Wilkins, Abraham Z. Snyder, Lars Couture, Kenneth Schechtman, Robert C. McKinstry
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Objective: Segmented brain white matter hyperintensities were compared between subjects with late-life depression and age-matched subjects with similar vascular risk factor scores. Correlations between neuropsychological performance and whole brain-segmented white matter hyperintensities and white and gray matter volumes were also examined. Method: Eighty-three subjects with late-life depression and 32 comparison subjects underwent physical examination, psychiatric evaluation, neuropsychological testing, vascular risk factor assessment, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Automated segmentation methods were used to compare the total brain and regional white matter hyperintensity burden between depressed patients and comparison subjects. Results: Depressed patients and comparison subjects did not differ in demographic variables, including vascular risk factor, or whole brain-segmented volumes. However, depressed subjects had seven regions of greater white matter hyperintensities located in the following white matter tracts: the superior longitudinal fasciculus, fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, extreme capsule, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. These white matter tracts underlie brain regions associated with cognitive and emotional function. In depressed patients but not comparison subjects, volumes of three of these regions correlated with executive function; whole brain white matter hyperintensities correlated with executive function; whole brain white matter correlated with episodic memory, processing speed, and executive function; and whole brain gray matter correlated with processing speed. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that the strategic location of white matter hyperintensities may be critical in late-life depression. Further, the correlation of neuropsychological deficits with the volumes of whole brain white matter hyperintensities and gray and white matter in depressed subjects but not comparison subjects supports the hypothesis of an interaction between these structural brain components and depressed status.
S137 Failure of NICE guidance CG83 implementation: National UK survey of rehabilitation services for survivors of critical illness: Abstract S137 Table 1.
Authors: B Connolly, L Denehy, J Moxham, N Hart
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> National guidelines advocating multidisciplinary rehabilitation delivered throughout the continuum of recovery following critical illness were published in 2009 (NICE CG83). However, lack of supporting evidence for these recommendations has resulted in inconsistent implementation, particularly in the post hospital discharge phase. As expected, nursing and medical staff have been surveyed for involvement in intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up with previous surveys of physiotherapy practice focussed on within-ICU rehabilitation practice. This survey aimed to characterise post critical illness follow-up and rehabilitation following hospital discharge. <h3>Method</h3> A predominantly closed-question, physiotherapy-specific postal survey distributed to senior critical care clinicians at UK hospitals with a listed ICU, excluding specialist-only units, and coded to facilitate respondent identification. <h3>Results</h3> Physiotherapists at 240 identified ICUs were sent surveys. 182 surveys were returned (75.8% response rate), including one blank survey. 36.5% were from university teaching hospitals, 63.5% from district general hospitals. Forty-eight centres reported follow-up services at 2–3months, the majority as clinics (39/48, 81.3%). Physiotherapists were involved in 43 follow-up services, albeit in a third of cases, on a referral-only basis. Critical care nursing staff were the main other clinician involved. Health-related quality of life (83.3%) and psychological status (81.3%) were the main items addressed, with exercise capacity reviewed in almost 60% of cases. Only 12/182 (6.6%) centres reported post hospital discharge rehabilitation programmes, all including an exercise component, but only four offering education topics. Substantial variation existed between programmes regarding eligibility, delivery format, structure, content and evaluation. Where rehabilitation programmes were not available, barriers to offering this service were detailed (Table 1). Lack of funding was the most frequently reported, and the main barrier listed. The majority of respondents (96/169; 56.8%) reported referral of post critical illness patients into alternative rehabilitation streams, predominantly accessing community and domiciliary in-patient or out-patient services. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Data from this survey demonstrated a low level of available follow-up and rehabilitation services for post critical illness patients following hospital discharge. This reflects a lack of implementation of high-profile national guidelines, the main reason for which was reported to be lack of funding. Further investment in these services is required.
Baseline Heart Rate, Antihypertensive Treatment, and Prevention of Cardiovascular Outcomes in ASCOT (Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial)
Authors: Neil R. Poulter, Joanna E. Dobson, Peter S. Sever, Björn Dahlöf, Hans Wedel, Norm R.C. Campbell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Problems with sexual function in people attending London general practitioners: cross sectional study
Authors: I. Nazareth
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To assess sexual behaviour, prevalence of ICD-10 diagnosed sexual dysfunction, associations between sexual and psychological problems, and help seeking for sexual problems in people attending general practice; to assess predictors of ICD-10 diagnosis of sexual dysfunction. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional study. <b>Setting</b> 13 general practices in London. <b>Participants</b> 1065 women and 447 men attending general practices. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Prevalence and predictors of ICD-10 diagnoses of sexual dysfunction. <b>Results</b> 97 (22%, 95% confidence interval 18% to 25%) men and 422 (40%, 37% to 43%) women received at least one ICD-10 diagnosis, but only 3-4% had an entry relating to sexual problems in their general practice notes. The most common problems were erectile failure and lack or loss of sexual desire in men and lack or loss of sexual desire and failure of orgasmic response in women. Increasing age and being unemployed predicted sexual problems in women, and bisexual orientation, being non-white, and being unemployed were demographic predictors in men. No practice note factors predicted sexual problems in women, but high consulting rate predicted problems in men. The main clinical predictors were poor physical function and dissatisfaction with current sex life in both sexes and higher psychological morbidity in women. When all factors were considered, increasing age (odds ratio 1.01, 1.00 to 1.02), physical subscale score on the SF-12 (0.98, 0.97 to 0.99), sexual dissatisfaction (1.9, 1.5 to 2.4), and scoring over a 3/4 threshold score on the general health questionnaire (1.5, 1.1 to 1.9)independently predicted an ICD-10 sexual dysfunction diagnosis in women. Being bisexual (4.1, 1.3 to 12.8) was the only independent predictor of an ICD-10 diagnosis in men. <b>Conclusions</b> Sexual difficulties are common in people attending general practitioners, and many people are prepared to talk about them with their doctors.
Symmetries and itineracy in nonlinear systems with many degrees of freedom
Authors: Michael Breakspear, Karl Friston
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Tsuda examines the potential contribution of nonlinear dynamical systems, with many degrees of freedom, to understanding brain function. We offer suggestions concerning symmetry and transients to strengthen the physiological motivation and theoretical consistency of this novel research direction: Symmetry plays a fundamental role, theoretically and in relation to real brains. We also highlight a distinction between chaotic “transience” and “itineracy.”
The Knee-joint Capsule: A Radiographic Study
Authors: F. R. Snell
Journal: BMJ (1918)

A patient had combined otalgia and intractable unilateral facial spasm, relieved by microsurgical vascular decompression of the seventh and eighth cranial nerve complex in the cerebellopontine angle without section of the intermediate nerve. A dolicho-ectatic anterior inferior cerebellar artery compressed the seventh and eighth cranial nerves complex, suggesting that vascular compression of the intermediate nerve or of the sensory portion of the facial nerve may cause geniculate neuralgia. “Tic convulsif” seems to be a combination of geniculate neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. This combination could be due to vascular compression of the sensory and motor components of the facial nerve at their junction with the brainstem.
Cardiovascular Function in Hypothermic Anesthetized Man
Authors: JOHN C. ROSE, THOMAS F. MCDERMOTT, LAWRENCE S. LILIENFIELD, FRANK A. PORFIDO, ROBERT T. KELLEY
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Although hypothermia is being used as an adjunct to general anesthesia, its cardiovascular effects in man are not fully known. In this report the authors present the hemodynamic changes observed in patients undergoing hypothermia under the clinical conditions of its practical usage in the operating room. Considerable variability in vasomotor and cardiac responses was encountered, indicating that uniform behavior of patients to this agent is not to be expected in the relatively uncontrolled operating room setting; therefore, it should be used conservatively, particularly in critically ill patients in whom unexpected reactions may be disastrous.
Long-Term Impact of Diabetes and Its Comorbidities in Patients Undergoing Isolated Primary Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Siamak Mohammadi, François Dagenais, Patrick Mathieu, John G. Kingma, Daniel Doyle, Stephane Lopez, Richard Baillot, Jean Perron, Eric Charbonneau, Eric Dumont, Jacques Metras, Denis Desaulniers, Pierre Voisine
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The objective of this study was to identify the impact of diabetes and related comorbidities, namely chronic renal failure, peripheral vascular disease, and low ejection fraction (&lt;35%), on long-term survival of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods and Results— A unicenter study was conducted on 9125 survivors of isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery between 1992 and 2002. There were 6581 nondiabetic patients and 2544 diabetics, including 1809 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 735 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Cardiac-specific survival at 5 and 10 years was lower in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared with both nondiabetic mellitus patients and patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( P &lt;0.0001). However, freedom from cardiac-related death was similar for patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and nondiabetes mellitus patients up to 6 years ( P =0 0.08) after surgery and was significantly lower thereafter ( P =0.004). Cardiac-specific survival after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with one or more comorbidities was comparable ( P =0.4) for both nondiabetes mellitus patients and patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, but was significantly lower for those requiring insulin therapy ( P &lt;0.0001). Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was not an independent predictor of long-term cardiac death (hazard ratio: 1.09, P =0.41); however, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, peripheral vascular disease, and low ejection fraction were all independent risk factors for late cardiac death (all P &lt;0.0001). The impact of comorbidities on the long-term risk of cardiac death was similar for the 3 groups. Conclusions— Noninsulin-dependent diabetes is not an independent predictor of late cardiac death after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, because cardiac-related survival is similar to that of nondiabetic patients for 6 years after surgery. In diabetic and nondiabetic patients, cardiac survival is adversely affected by the need for insulin therapy and/or the presence and number of comorbidities such as chronic renal failure, peripheral vascular disease, and low ejection fraction.