tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Continuous or Interrupted Chest Compressions for Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Rudolph W. Koster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is identified as a critical but often poorly performed component of the rescue efforts for patients in cardiac arrest. Chest compressions have often been too shallow, and compression rates too low or too high. Prolonged interruptions of chest compressions have been observed during resuscitation both in the hospital and outside the hospital.1,2 All prolonged pauses (not only those for defibrillation) are associated with worse survival.3 Interruptions of chest compressions cause a rapid decline in coronary perfusion pressure, reducing myocardial blood flow, which has previously been shown with shorter interruptions for rescue breathing.4 Experiments in animals . . .
The Breast International Group (BIG) AURORA pilot study for molecular screening in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients
Authors: M. Maetens, A. Irrthum, S. Loibl, J.F. Laes, P. Campbell, P. Aftimos, A. Thompson, J. Cortes Castan, S. Loi, C. Sotiriou
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Targeting BCL2 with Venetoclax in Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Andrew W. Roberts, Matthew S. Davids, John M. Pagel, Brad S. Kahl, Soham D. Puvvada, John F. Gerecitano, Thomas J. Kipps, Mary Ann Anderson, Jennifer R. Brown, Lori Gressick, Shekman Wong, Martin Dunbar, Ming Zhu, Monali B. Desai, Elisa Cerri, Sari Heitner Enschede, Rod A. Humerickhouse, William G. Wierda, John F. Seymour
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

New treatments have improved outcomes for patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but complete remissions remain uncommon. Venetoclax has a distinct mechanism of action; it targets BCL2, a protein central to the survival of CLL cells.
Organ Donation and New Policies
Authors: Emmanouil K. Symvoulakis, Dimitrios Anyfantakis, Myfanwy Morgan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Prognostic Value of Coronary Flow Reserve in Patients with Dialysis-Dependent ESRD
Authors: Nishant R. Shah, David M. Charytan, Venkatesh L. Murthy, Hicham Skali Lami, Vikas Veeranna, Michael K. Cheezum, Viviany R. Taqueti, Takashi Kato, Courtney R. Foster, Jon Hainer, Mariya Gaber, Josh Klein, Sharmila Dorbala, Ron Blankstein, Marcelo F. Di Carli
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Capillary rarefaction of the coronary microcirculation is a consistent phenotype in patients with dialysis-dependent ESRD (dd-ESRD) and may help explain their excess mortality. Global coronary flow reserve (CFR) assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive, quantitative marker of myocardial perfusion and ischemia that integrates the hemodynamic effects of epicardial stenosis, diffuse atherosclerosis, and microvascular dysfunction. We tested whether global CFR provides risk stratification in patients with dd-ESRD. Consecutive patients with dd-ESRD clinically referred for myocardial perfusion PET imaging were retrospectively included, excluding patients with prior renal transplantation. Per-patient CFR was calculated as the ratio of stress to rest absolute myocardial blood flow. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, including age, overt cardiovascular disease, and myocardial scar/ischemia burden, were used to assess the independent association of global CFR with all–cause and cardiovascular mortality. The incremental value of global CFR was assessed with relative integrated discrimination index and net reclassification improvement. In 168 patients included, median global CFR was 1.4 (interquartile range, 1.2–1.8). During follow-up (median of 3 years), 36 patients died, including 21 cardiovascular deaths. Log–transformed global CFR independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.01 per 0.5-unit increase; 95% confidence interval, &lt;0.01 to 0.14; P &lt;0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 0.01 per 0.5-unit increase; 95% confidence interval, &lt;0.01 to 0.15; P =0.002). For all-cause mortality, addition of global CFR resulted in risk reclassification in 27% of patients. Thus, global CFR may provide independent and incremental risk stratification for all–cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with dd-ESRD.
Executive functioning in TBI from rehabilitation to social reintegration: COMPASS goal, a randomized controlled trial (grant: 1I01RX000637-01A3 by the VA ORD RR&amp;D, 2013–2016)
Authors: Alexander V. Libin, Joel Scholten, Manon Maitland Schladen, Ellen Danford, Nawar Shara, Walter Penk, Jordan Grafman, Linda Resnik, Dwan Bruner, Samantha Cichon, Miriam Philmon, Brenda Tsai, Marc Blackman, Alexander Dromerick
Journal: Military Medical Research (2015)

Traumatic brain injury is a major health problem that frequently leads to deficits in executive function. Self-regulation processes, such as goal-setting, may become disordered after traumatic brain injury, particularly when the frontal regions of the brain and their connections are involved. Such impairments reduce injured veterans' ability to return to work or school and to regain satisfactory personal lives. Understanding the neurologically disabling effects of brain injury on executive function is necessary for both the accurate diagnosis of impairment and the individual tailoring of rehabilitation processes to help returning service members recover independent function.
Functional neuroimaging of human vocalizations and affective speech
Authors: Sascha Frühholz, David Sander, Didier Grandjean
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Neuroimaging studies have verified the important integrative role of the basal ganglia during affective vocalizations. They, however, also point to additional regions supporting vocal monitoring, auditory–motor feedback processing, and online adjustments of vocal motor responses. For the case of affective vocalizations, we suggest partly extending the model to fully consider the link between primate-general and human-specific neural components.
Five ways for hospitals to tackle winter pressure
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

With winter comes a rise in demand for healthcare, which is mainly due to respiratory conditions leading to a spike in emergency admissions. Guidance from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on how to avoid delays in discharge recommends a single health or social care practitioner to coordinate each patient’s discharge plan, including information about the patient’s drugs.1

Have …
Association of Body Mass Index with Patient-Centered Outcomes in Children with ESRD
Authors: Elaine Ku, David V. Glidden, Chi-yuan Hsu, Anthony A. Portale, Barbara Grimes, Kirsten L. Johansen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Obesity is associated with less access to transplantation among adults with ESRD. To examine the association between body mass index at ESRD onset and survival and transplantation in children, we performed a retrospective analysis of children ages 2-19 years old beginning RRT from 1995 to 2011 using the US Renal Data System. Among 13,172 children, prevalence of obesity increased from 14% to 18%, whereas prevalence of underweight decreased from 12% to 9% during this period. Over a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 10,004 children had at least one kidney transplant, and 1675 deaths occurred. Risk of death was higher in obese (hazard ratio [HR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.03 to 1.32) and underweight (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.47) children than children with normal body mass indices. Obese and underweight children were less likely to receive a kidney transplant (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.97; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.89, respectively). Obese children had lower odds of receiving a living donor transplant (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98) if the transplant occurred within 18 months of ESRD onset. Adjustment for transplant in a time-dependent Cox model attenuated the higher risk of death in obese but not underweight children (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.24). Lower rates of kidney transplantation may, therefore, mediate the higher risk of death in obese children with ESRD. The increasing prevalence of obesity among children starting RRT may impede kidney transplantation, especially from living donors.
Intravenous fluids in children and young people: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: Julie Neilson, Frank O’Neill, Dalia Dawoud, Peter Crean
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### What you need to know

Inappropriate use of intravenous fluids in children may have serious consequences. These include death or permanent neurological injury from hyponatraemia,1 hypovolaemia, and poor organ perfusion, as well as the risks of hypervolaemia, oedema, and heart failure. Children have different fluid requirements from adults, for whom specific guidance exists.2 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).3

#### What’s new in this guidance

NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the guideline development group’s experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets.

The guidance covers children and young people under 16, including neonates, unless otherwise specified.

### Assessment and monitoring (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓)



Fig 1 Algorithm for …
H7N9 live attenuated influenza vaccine in healthy adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial
Authors: Larisa Rudenko, Irina Isakova-Sivak, Anatoly Naykhin, Irina Kiseleva, Marina Stukova, Mariana Erofeeva, Daniil Korenkov, Victoria Matyushenko, Erin Sparrow, Marie-Paule Kieny
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2015)
Ustekinumab in hidradenitis suppurativa: clinical results and a search for potential biomarkers in serum
Authors: J.L. Blok, K. Li, C. Brodmerkel, P. Horvátovich, M.F. Jonkman, B. Horváth
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is difficult and the search for effective therapies continues.To evaluate the efficacy of ustekinumab and to discover a potential biomarker for HS.Seventeen patients were included in this open-label study and treated with 45 or 90 mg ustekinumab at weeks 0, 4, 16 and 28. Proteomic technology and enzyme-linked assay analysis was applied to sera.Twelve patients completed the protocol. Moderate-to-marked improvement of the modified Sartorius score was achieved in 82% of patients at week 40 and the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response 50 in 47%. With regard to the expression of 54 serum proteins, at baseline, a significant difference was observed between patients and healthy controls. Involved pathways were related to inflammation, immune cell signalling and tissue morphology/development. Good responders had milder disease and lower expression of leukotriene A4-hydrolase (LTA4H). Interleukin (IL)-2R, tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-17A and IL-17F were not elevated and did not change during treatment.The majority of patients improved with ustekinumab. Although no biomarker was discovered, low LTA4H concentrations with mild disease severity may be predictive of the effectiveness of ustekinumab.
Four genetic lymphoma-specific events (MYC, BCL2, BCL6 and CCND1) identified in a high grade B lymphoma case
Authors: A Ittel, C Hélias, M P Wissler, E Toussaint, L Miguet, M P Chenard, L Monier, C Gervais, L Mauvieux
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Four genetic lymphoma-specific events ( MYC ,  BCL2 ,  BCL6  and  CCND1 ) identified in a high grade B lymphoma case
Brca1 deficiency causes bone marrow failure and spontaneous hematologic malignancies in mice
Authors: Aparna Vasanthakumar, Stephen Arnovitz, Rafael Marquez, Janet Lepore, George Rafidi, Anase Asom, Madison Weatherly, Elizabeth M. Davis, Barbara Neistadt, Robert Duszynski, James W. Vardiman, Michelle M. Le Beau, Lucy A. Godley, Jane E. Churpek
Journal: Blood (2015)
Acute Pericarditis
Authors: Richard A. Lange, L. David Hillis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 35-year-old woman who is otherwise healthy has had constant retrosternal chest pain for two days. The pain worsens when she lies down and improves when she sits up and leans forward. On physical examination, the patient is afebrile and has a friction rub. The 12-lead electrocardiogram shows widespread ST-segment elevation and concomitant PR-segment depression. How should this patient be evaluated and treated?
Greater vertical impact loading in female runners with medically diagnosed injuries: a prospective investigation
Authors: Irene S Davis, Bradley J Bowser, David R Mullineaux
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Background Running has been critical to human survival. Therefore, the high rate of injuries experienced by modern day runners is puzzling. Landing on the heel, as most modern day shod runners do, results in a distinct vertical impact force that has been shown to be associated with running-related injuries. However, these injury studies were retrospective in nature and do not establish cause and effect. Objective To determine whether runners with high impacts are at greater risk for developing medically diagnosed injuries. Methods 249 female runners underwent a gait analysis to measure vertical instantaneous loading rate, vertical average loading rate (VALR), vertical impact peak (VIP) and peak vertical force. Participants then recorded their mileage and any running-related injuries monthly in a web-based, database programme. Variables were first compared between the entire injured (INJ; n=144) and uninjured (n=105) groups. However, the focus of this study was on those injured runners seeking medical attention (n=103) and those who had never injured (n=21). Results There were no differences between the entire group of injured and uninjured groups. However, all impact-related variables were higher in those with medically diagnosed injuries compared with those who had never been injured. (effect size (ES) 0.4–0.59). When VALR was &gt;66.0 body weight (BW)/s, the odds of being DX_INJ were 2.72 (95% CI 1.0 to 7.4). Impact loading was associated with bony and soft-tissue injuries. Conclusions Vertical average loading rate was lower in female runners classified as ‘never injured’ compared with those who had been injured and sought medical attention.
A phase II study of decitabine and gemtuzumab ozogamicin in newly diagnosed and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: N Daver, H Kantarjian, F Ravandi, E Estey, X Wang, G Garcia-Manero, E Jabbour, M Konopleva, S O'Brien, S Verstovsek, T Kadia, C Dinardo, S Pierce, X Huang, N Pemmaraju, M Diaz-Pines-Mateo, J Cortes, G Borthakur
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Impaired Synthesis of Stromal Components in Response to Minnelide Improves Vascular Function, Drug Delivery, and Survival in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sulagna Banerjee, Shrey Modi, Olivia McGinn, Xianda Zhao, Vikas Dudeja, Sundaram Ramakrishnan, Ashok K. Saluja
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Pancreatic cancer stromal microenvironment is considered to be the major reason for failure of conventional and targeted therapy for this disease. The desmoplastic stroma, comprising mainly collagen and glycosaminoglycans like hyaluronan (HA), is responsible for compression of vasculature in the tumor resulting in impaired drug delivery and poor prognosis. Minnelide, a water-soluble prodrug of triptolide currently in phase I clinical trial, has been very effective in multiple animal models of pancreatic cancer. However, whether Minnelide will have efficacious delivery into the tumor despite the desmoplastic stroma has not been evaluated before.Patient tumor-derived xenografts (PDX) and spontaneous pancreatic cancer mice were treated with 0.42 and 0.21 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. Stromal components were determined by IHC and ELISA-based assays. Vascular functionality and drug delivery to the tumor were assessed following treatment with Minnelide.Our current study shows that treatment with Minnelide resulted in reduction of ECM components like HA and collagen in the pancreatic cancer stroma of both the spontaneous KPC mice as well as in patient tumor xenografts. Furthermore, treatment with Minnelide improved functional vasculature in the tumors resulting in four times more functional vessels in the treated animals compared with untreated animals. Consistent with this observation, Minnelide also resulted in increased drug delivery into the tumor compared with untreated animals. Along with this, Minnelide also decreased viability of the stromal cells along with the tumor cells in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.In conclusion, these results are extremely promising as they indicate that Minnelide, along with having anticancer effects is also able to deplete stroma in pancreatic tumors, which makes it an effective therapy for pancreatic cancer.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Mediates Kidney Injury Molecule 1-Dependent Tubule Injury in a Surrogate Model
Authors: Wenqing Yin, Said Movahedi Naini, Guochun Chen, Dirk M. Hentschel, Benjamin D. Humphreys, Joseph V. Bonventre
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), an epithelial phagocytic receptor, is markedly upregulated in the proximal tubule in various forms of acute and chronic kidney injury in humans and many other species. Whereas acute expression of KIM-1 has adaptive anti-inflammatory effects, chronic expression may be maladaptive in mice. Here, we characterized the zebrafish Kim family, consisting of Kim-1, Kim-3, and Kim-4. Kim-1 was markedly upregulated in kidney after gentamicin-induced injury and had conserved phagocytic activity in zebrafish. Both constitutive and tamoxifen-induced expression of Kim-1 in zebrafish kidney tubules resulted in loss of the tubule brush border, reduced GFR, pericardial edema, and increased mortality. Kim-1-induced kidney injury was associated with reduction of growth of adult fish. Kim-1 expression led to activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and inhibition of this pathway with rapamycin increased survival. mTOR pathway inhibition in KIM-1-overexpressing transgenic mice also significantly ameliorated serum creatinine level, proteinuria, tubular injury, and kidney inflammation. In conclusion, persistent Kim-1 expression results in chronic kidney damage in zebrafish through a mechanism involving mTOR. This observation predicted the role of the mTOR pathway and the therapeutic efficacy of mTOR-targeted agents in KIM-1-mediated kidney injury and fibrosis in mice, demonstrating the utility of the Kim-1 renal tubule zebrafish models.
Extreme Vulnerability of IDH1 Mutant Cancers to NAD+ Depletion
Authors: Kensuke Tateishi, Hiroaki Wakimoto, A. John Iafrate, Shota Tanaka, Franziska Loebel, Nina Lelic, Dmitri Wiederschain, Olivier Bedel, Gejing Deng, Bailin Zhang, Timothy He, Xu Shi, Robert E. Gerszten, Yiyun Zhang, Jing-Ruey J. Yeh, William T. Curry, Dan Zhao, Sudhandra Sundaram, Fares Nigim, Mara V.A. Koerner, Quan Ho, David E. Fisher, Elisabeth M. Roider, Lajos V. Kemeny, Yardena Samuels, Keith T. Flaherty, Tracy T. Batchelor, Andrew S. Chi, Daniel P. Cahill
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Appropriate Screening for Substance Use vs Disorder
Authors: Jennifer McNeely, Richard Saitz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal