tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of ferritin autoantibodies with giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: N T Baerlecken, A Linnemann, W L Gross, F Moosig, T R Vazquez-Rodriguez, M A Gonzalez-Gay, J Martin, I Kötter, J C Henes, I Melchers, P Vaith, R E Schmidt, T Witte
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are relatively common inflammatory disorders. Establishing the diagnosis however may be difficult, since so far no specific biomarkers of the disorders are available.As a screening procedure, the authors used protein arrays for the detection of new autoantigens in GCA and PMR. The results of the protein array were confirmed by different ELISAs detecting IgG antibodies against the human ferritin heavy chain, N-terminal 27 amino acids of the human ferritin heavy chain or the homologous peptide of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sera of patients with only GCA (n=64), only PMR (n=47) and both PMR and GCA (n=31) were used.In the ELISA using the human ferritin peptide, the sensitivity of IgG antibodies against ferritin was 92% in 36 GCA and/or PMR patients before initiation of treatment, 22/32 (69%) in patients with disease flares and 64/117 (55%) in the total cohort including treated and inactive patients. In controls, the false positive rate was 11/38 (29%) in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1/36 (3%) in rheumatoid arthritis, 0/31 (0%) in late onset rheumatoid arthritis, 3/46 (6.5%) in B-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 1/100 (1%) in blood donors. In the ELISA using the ferritin peptide of S epidermidis, 89% of 27 patients with untreated GCA and PMR were positive.Antibodies against the ferritin peptide were present in up to 92% of untreated, active GCA and PMR patients. They can be useful as a diagnostic marker of PMR and GCA.
PPAR-γ agonists induce the expression of VEGF and its receptors in cultured cardiac myofibroblasts
Authors: V CHINTALGATTU, G HARRIS, S AKULA, L KATWA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Myofibroblasts (myoFb) are the major cell types that appear at the site of myocardial infarction (MI) in response to injury and play a vital role in tissue repair/remodeling. Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in the infarcted/ischemic heart, we hypothesized that activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma by its agonists induces VEGF expression while simultaneously decreasing inflammation (NF-kappaB). Such an increase in myoFb VEGF expression by PPAR-gamma agonists may play a role in angiogenesis.Rat myoFb were treated with PPAR-gamma agonists and VEGF expression was measured by ELISA. The effect of these agonists on VEGF receptors was determined by qRT-PCR and flow-cytometric analysis. VEGF produced by these cells was also used for analysis of in vitro tubule formation (Matrigel assay).The PPAR-gamma activators troglitazone (TZ) and 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2 (15J2) induced the expression of VEGF and its receptors (Flt-1 and KDR) in myoFb. TZ and 15J2 elicited a significant increase in the expression of KDR (14.7+/-1.0% and 9.6+/-2.1% respectively) and Flt-1 (24.5+/-2.0%, and 14.0+/-2.2% respectively) when compared to untreated myoFb. MyoFb treated with PPAR-gamma agonists increased extracellular VEGF, augmenting tubule formation on a Matrigel. The PPAR-gamma activator 15J2 significantly decreased the NF-kappaB activity in myoFb.This study demonstrates the induction of the VEGF accompanied by a reduction of NF-kappaB activity (inflammatory signaling) by PPAR-gamma agonists in cardiac myoFb. These results may further the understanding of the beneficial effects of PPAR-gamma agonists on infarcted tissue repair and angiogenesis.
Perforation of Right Atrium by a Polyethylene Catheter
Authors: Charles E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE UNIVERSAL USE of polyethylene catheters for prolonged intravenous fluid therapy prompts me to report this unusual and fatal complication. In 1954, Turner and Sommers<sup>1</sup>reported the first case of a polyethylene catheter which had become lodged in the right atrium after it had escaped into the venous system during intravenous infusions. In their case massive thrombus formation around the catheter contributed to the patient's death. Several reports<sup>2,3</sup>since concern themselves with the successful removal of such catheters from the right side of the heart. In 1956, Brown and Kent<sup>4</sup>reported the first case of fatal perforation of the heart by one of these catheters. Presented below is, to my knowledge, the second fatal case of perforation of the heart by a severed piece of polyethylene tubing which escaped into the vascular system during prolonged intravenous fluid therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient, a 50-year-old white
Antibiotics in Crohn's disease
Authors: J-F Colombel, A Cortot, H J van Kruiningen
Journal: Gut (2001)

There have been several reviews recently on the eYcacy of antibiotics in Crohn's disease, and no text on inflammatory bowel disease is complete without a chapter that addresses this issue.This is perhaps an unanticipated sequel to the Mycobacterium paratuberculosis story of the 1980s, because prior to that putative viruses held our attention and antibiotics were seldom considered.The M paratuberculosis initiative prompted renewed use of antituberculosis regimens-some of which succeeded some of the time-and there followed a notion that if combinations of antituberculosis antibiotics were beneficial, maybe other broad spectrum antibiotics would be as well.Those who wish to make judgements about drug dose, duration, etc, for the various forms of Crohn's disease may consult recent reviews and their summary tables, 1 2 but the difficulties encountered will become apparent.No two Crohn's disease patients are the same, and no two clinics group them the same for therapy trials.Various parameters are used to measure eYcacy in small, mostly open, trials, and there are variations in what authors choose to call success.Current medical management is often successful in the treatment of superficial and short term manifestations of Crohn's disease, and even fistulas.The evidence appears to show that anaerobes play an important role in perianal disease and fistulas and that therefore metronidazole should be eVective-and it is in the majority of patients. 3There is also evidence that acute flare ups have some bacterial components.These are responsive to ciprofloxacin or metronidazole, alone or in combination. 4
Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners
Authors: V Oöpik, I Saaremets, L Medijainen, K Karelson, T Janson, S Timpmann
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Objective: To test the hypothesis that sodium citrate administered two hours before exercise improves performance in a 5 km running time trial. Methods: A total of 17 male well trained college runners (mean (SD) V̇ o 2 max 61.3 (4.9) ml/kg/min) performed a 5 km treadmill run with and without sodium citrate ingestion in a random, double blind, crossover design. In the citrate trial, subjects consumed 1 litre of solution containing 0.5 g of sodium citrate/kg body mass two hours before the run. In the placebo trial, the same amount of flavoured mineral water was consumed. Results: The time required to complete the run was faster in the citrate trial than the placebo trial (1153.2 (74.1) and 1183.8 (91.4) seconds respectively; p = 0.01). Lower packed cell volume and haemoglobin levels were found in venous blood samples taken before and after the run in the citrate compared with the placebo trial. Lactate concentration in the blood sample taken after the run was higher in the citrate than the placebo trial (11.9 (3.0) v 9.8 (2.8) mmol/l; p &lt; 0.001), and glucose concentration was lower (8.3 (1.9) v 8.8 (1.7) mmol/l; p = 0.02). Conclusion: The ingestion of 0.5 g of sodium citrate/kg body mass shortly before a 5 km running time trial improves performance in well trained college runners.
Dietary Patterns, Insulin Resistance, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Whitehall II Study
Authors: Sarah A. McNaughton, Gita D. Mishra, Eric J. Brunner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The aim of this study was to identify a dietary pattern associated with insulin resistance and investigate whether this pattern was prospectively associated with type 2 diabetes.Analysis was based on 7,339 participants of the Whitehall II study. Dietary intake was measured using a 127-item food frequency questionnaire. We used the reduced rank regression method to determine dietary patterns using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance as the intermediate or response variable. The association between the dietary pattern identified and incidence of type 2 diabetes was investigated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.We identified a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of low-calorie/diet soft drinks, onions, sugar-sweetened beverages, burgers and sausages, crisps and other snacks, and white bread and low consumption of medium-/high-fiber breakfast cereals, jam, French dressing/vinaigrette, and wholemeal bread. Higher dietary pattern scores were associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio for top quartile 2.95 [95% CI 2.19-3.97]; adjusted for age, sex, and energy misreporting). This relationship was attenuated after adjustment for ethnicity, employment grade, health behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity) but remained significant after further adjustment for blood pressure and BMI (1.51 [1.10-2.09]).A dietary pattern associated with insulin resistance predicts type 2 diabetes risk after adjustment for a range of confounders. This study adds to the evidence that dietary patterns are an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Molecular neurodegeneration: basic biology and disease pathways
Authors: Robert Vassar, Hui Zheng
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2014)

The field of neurodegeneration research has been advancing rapidly over the past few years, and has provided intriguing new insights into the normal physiological functions and pathogenic roles of a wide range of molecules associated with several devastating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease, and Down syndrome. Recent developments have also facilitated initial efforts to translate preclinical discoveries toward novel therapeutic approaches and clinical trials in humans. These recent developments are reviewed in the current Review Series on "Molecular Neurodegeneration: Basic Biology and Disease Pathways" in a number of state-of-the-art manuscripts that cover themes presented at the Third International Conference on Molecular Neurodegeneration: "Basic biology and disease pathways" held in Cannes, France, September, 2013.
Resequencing of 31 wild and cultivated soybean genomes identifies patterns of genetic diversity and selection
Authors: Hon-Ming Lam, Xun Xu, Xin Liu, Wenbin Chen, Guohua Yang, Fuk-Ling Wong, Man-Wah Li, Weiming He, Nan Qin, Bo Wang, Jun Li, Min Jian, Jian Wang, Guihua Shao, Jun Wang, Samuel Sai-Ming Sun, Gengyun Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
MACROPHAGE-MELANOCYTE HETEROKARYONS
Authors: Saimon Gordon, Zanvil Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

High yields of mouse macrophage-melanocyte heterokaryons and macrophage-macrophage homokaryons were obtained through the virus-induced fusion of cells spread on a glass surface. After fusion there was a striking reorganization of cellular architecture by means of a colcemid-sensitive process. Heterokaryons were isolated through the use of differential trypsinization and many underwent division to form melanocyte-like hybrids. The selective uptake of dextran sulfate by macrophages served as a useful cytoplasmic marker in identifying hybrids. Many characteristic macrophage properties were altered in the heterokaryons. Within an hour of fusion macrophage nuclei became swollen, nucleoli were more prominent, and increased nuclear RNA synthesis occurred. 3 hr after fusion, a wave of DNA synthesis took place in the previously dormant macrophage nuclei. The fate of typical macrophage markers was examined in both heterokaryons and homokaryons. Macrophage homokaryons continued to exhibit active phagocytosis of sensitized erythrocytes, whereas this capacity was lost irreversibly in heterokaryons. The loss of phagocytic activity of heterokaryons occurred at an exponential rate and was accelerated by high concentrations of calf serum. Another macrophage surface marker, a divalent cation-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), could be demonstrated histochemically on heterokaryons. Shortly after fusion, it was present in discrete regions, but it became more diffuse and disappeared within a day. Acid phosphatase-positive secondary lysosomes and retractile lipid droplets disappeared from heterokaryons but continued to accumulate in macrophage homokaryons. These observations indicate that typical macrophage properties cease to be expressed in heterokaryons, and melanocyte functions presumably predominate in heterokaryons and hybrids.
Centrilobular emphysema and panlobular emphysema: two different diseases
Authors: A. E. Anderson, A. G. Foraker
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Anderson, A. E., and Foraker, A. G. (1973).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 547-550. <b>Centrilobular emphysema and panlobular emphysema: two different diseases.</b> Twenty-one cases of centrilobular emphysema and 19 cases of panlobular emphysema, previously so designated according to recommended criteria, were reassessed for differences in zonal distribution within lungs through systematic sampling and statistical comparisons. Characteristic distribution profiles were defined for the two forms of disease. Centrilobular emphysema appeared to be mainly a disease of the upper lobe and the apices within the upper and lower lobes. In contrast, panlobular emphysema was a more or less diffuse process within lobes and lungs with mild preferential involvement of the lower lobe. These regional trends coupled with the typical appearance of individual lesions within lobules are considered to provide strong support for the contention that centrilobular emphysema and panlobular emphysema are morphologically distinct entities. Probable reasons for difficulties in differentiating some examples of centrilobular and panlobular emphysema are given. The need for further clarification of associated and background factors is stressed.
The European CRT Survey: 1 year (9–15 months) follow‐up results
Authors: Nigussie Bogale, Silvia Priori, John G.F. Cleland, Josep Brugada, Cecilia Linde, Angelo Auricchio, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Tobias Limbourg, Anselm Gitt, Daniel Gras, Christoph Stellbrink, Maurizio Gasparini, Marco Metra, Geneviève Derumeaux, Fredrik Gadler, Laszlo Buga, Kenneth Dickstein
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Advances in neuropsychological assessment of sport-related concussion
Authors: Ruben J Echemendia, Grant L Iverson, Michael McCrea, Stephen N Macciocchi, Gerard A Gioia, Margot Putukian, Paul Comper
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective To critically review the literature from the past 12 years regarding the following key issues in sports-related neuropsychological assessment: (1) the advantages and disadvantages of different neuropsychological assessment modalities; (2) the evidence for and against the current paradigm of baseline/postinjury testing; (3) the role of psychological factors in the evaluation and management of concussion; (4) advances in the neuropsychological assessment of children; (5) multi-modal assessment paradigms; (6) the role of the neuropsychologist as part of the sports healthcare team and (6) the appropriate administration and interpretation of neuropsychological tests. Design Targeted computerised literature review (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL and PsychInfo) from 2000 to the present using key words: neuropsychological, neurocognitive, assessment, testing, concussion and sports. Results More than 2600 articles were identified using key word searches of the databases, including many duplicates. Several books were also reviewed. The articles were pared down for review if they specifically addressed the key areas noted above. Conclusions Traditional and computerised neuropsychological tests are useful in the evaluation and management of concussion. Brief cognitive evaluation tools are not substitutes for formal neuropsychological assessment. At present, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the widespread routine use of baseline neuropsychological testing. Although scant, research suggests that psychological factors may complicate and prolong recovery from concussion in some athletes. Age-appropriate symptom scales for children have been developed but research into age-appropriate tests of cognitive functions lags behind. Neuropsychologists are uniquely qualified to interpret neuropsychological tests and can play an important role within the context of a multifaceted-multimodal approach to manage sports-related concussions.
Pralatrexate in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: Results From the Pivotal PROPEL Study
Authors: Owen A. O'Connor, Barbara Pro, Lauren Pinter-Brown, Nancy Bartlett, Leslie Popplewell, Bertrand Coiffier, Mary Jo Lechowicz, Kerry J. Savage, Andrei R. Shustov, Christian Gisselbrecht, Eric Jacobsen, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Richard Furman, Andre Goy, Corinne Haioun, Michael Crump, Jasmine M. Zain, Eric Hsi, Adam Boyd, Steven Horwitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a poor prognosis subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with no accepted standard of care. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of pralatrexate, a novel antifolate with promising activity.Patients with independently confirmed PTCL who progressed following ≥ 1 line of prior therapy received pralatrexate intravenously at 30 mg/m(2)/wk for 6 weeks in 7-week cycles. Primary assessment of response was made by independent central review using the International Workshop Criteria. The primary end point was overall response rate. Secondary end points included duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).Of 115 patients enrolled, 111 were treated with pralatrexate. The median number of prior systemic therapies was three (range, 1 to 12). The response rate in 109 evaluable patients was 29% (32 of 109), including 12 complete responses (11%) and 20 partial responses (18%), with a median DoR of 10.1 months. Median PFS and OS were 3.5 and 14.5 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (32%), mucositis (22%), neutropenia (22%), and anemia (18%).To our knowledge, PROPEL (Pralatrexate in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma) is the largest prospective study conducted in patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL. Pralatrexate induced durable responses in relapsed or refractory PTCL irrespective of age, histologic subtypes, amount of prior therapy, prior methotrexate, and prior autologous stem-cell transplant. These data formed the basis for the US Food and Drug Administration approval of pralatrexate, the first drug approved for this disease.
Targeted Therapeutic Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment Improves an HER-2 DNA Vaccine and Prevents Recurrence in a Murine Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Debbie Liao, Ze Liu, Wolfgang J. Wrasidlo, Yunping Luo, Giang Nguyen, Tingmei Chen, Rong Xiang, Ralph A. Reisfeld
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

The tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates immunosuppression resulting in tumor cell escape from immune surveillance and cancer vaccine failure. Immunosuppression is mediated by the STAT-3 transcription factor, which potentiates signaling in tumor and immune cells. Because immunosuppression continues to be a major inhibitor of cancer vaccine efficacy, we examined in this study whether therapeutically targeted delivery of a synthetic STAT-3 inhibitor to the TME, combined with an HER-2 DNA vaccine can improve immune surveillance against HER-2(+) breast cancer and prevent its recurrence. To this end, we developed a novel ligand-targeted nanoparticle (NP) encapsulating a CDDO-Im payload capable of specific delivery to the TME, which showed an effective therapeutic inhibition of STAT-3 activation in primary tumors. Furthermore, we showed that treatment with these NPs resulted in priming of the immune TME, characterized by increased IFN-γ, p-STAT-1, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-15, and IL-12b and reduced TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10 protein expression. In addition, we found significantly increased tumor infiltration by activated CD8(+) T cells, M1 macrophages, and dendritic cells. These changes correlated with delayed growth of orthotopic 4TO7 breast tumors and, when combined with an HER-2 DNA vaccine, prevented HER-2(+) primary tumor recurrence in immunocompetent mice. Furthermore, antitumor T-cell responses were enhanced in splenocytes isolated from mice treated with this combination therapy. Together, these data show effective protection from cancer recurrence through improved immune surveillance against a tumor-specific antigen.
von Willebrand's disease antigen II. A new plasma and platelet antigen deficient in severe von Willebrand's disease.
Authors: R R Montgomery, T S Zimmerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIag) is deficient in plasma and platelets of patients with severe von Willebrand's disease. This study reports a second von Willebrand's disease antigen (vWagII), distinct from VIIIag, that is also deficient in the platelets and plasma of patients with severe von Willebrand's disease. VIIIag and vWagII are separable by molecular exclusion chromatography, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. They show reactions of immunologic nonidentity with each other, and thus, do not share a precursor-product relationship. vWagII is released from normal platelets during blood clotting, accounting for a fourfold higher concentration of vWagII in serum over plasma.
Secondary Abdominal Pregnancy
Authors: F. E. Stock
Journal: BMJ (1944)

MEDICAL JOUAL661not occur too soon for complications, because the majority survived for over two weeks.The clinical records in our Groups 2, 3, and 4, where pus was found in the mastoid after death, do not reveal that diarrhoea and vomiting were a feature of the illness, as might be expected if the association of mastoiditis and diarrhoea were that of cause and effect.Indeed, while the "parenteral" infection is well recognized as often being associated with vomiting and diarrhoea in infants, "gastro-enteritis" is not a common associate with, say, a pneumococcal empyema or a staphylococcal osteomyelitis, even when undrained.Why should the same infection in the mastoid cause such profound results?The shorter, wider, and more patent Eustachian tube is often evoked to explain how milk-infected mucus, etc., can find its way to the middle ear.It seems to us that the reverse holdsnamely, that " pent-up " pus 'is less likely to be present in the middle ear of infants than in older patients, because some drainage can take place through the tube into the pharynx.In fact, this is possibly one of the reasons why classical drum signs are often ab:ent in infants with acute otitis media.Infants have fairly well developed antral, ethmoid, and Clinical, post-mortem, and bacteriological findings suggest that so-called " latent mastoiditis " is not an aetiological factor in the diarrhoea-and-vomiting symptom-complex.