tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer survivorship care: A continuity of care model of delivery.
Authors: Jennifer R. Klemp, Lori Ranallo, Catherine J Knight, Mary Williams, Carol J. Fabian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

116 Background: With more than 2.9 million BrCa survivors in the US, it is imperative to determine how best to deliver post-treatment survivorship care. National accreditation standards are pushing survivorship care plans, while evidence supporting specific methods of delivery and outcomes are lacking. The University of Kansas Breast Cancer Survivorship Center opened in 2007 as a continuity of care, post-treatment survivorship clinic. We report prospective findings from a group of BrCa survivors from 2007-2013. Methods: Four hundred twenty-four BrCa survivors consented to an IRB approved, longitudinal survivorship registry. Baseline variables on demographics, disease history, summary of cancer treatment, late effects, medications and health status were collected. Follow-up data collection included disease status or new primary cancer, patient’s health status and late/long-term effects. Comparisons from baseline to subsequent visits provided information on changes in key variables over time. Results: Participants were ~57 years old, primarily Caucasian, attended at least some college, made &gt;$40K per year, and 49% were premenopausal at diagnosis. Forty-five women reported having another malignancy and 10 were diagnosed with either a recurrence or a second primary breast cancer while followed in the survivorship center. Significant self-reported symptoms included menopausal symptoms: hot flashes (n=164), vaginal dryness (n=211) and a lack of sexual activity (195). 95% were seen for &gt;1 post-baseline visit. Menopausal symptom interventions, lifestyle recommendations (weight loss and increasing physical activity), referrals to specialists (77% referred for colonoscopy completed colon ca screening; 92% referred attending cardio-oncology screening visit; 100% referred completed a bone mineral density analysis), and lymphedema education and management increased significantly. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary care facilitated through a continuity of care survivorship clinic improves compliance with recommended follow-up and cancer screening, however additional research on the cost and impact of delivering survivorship care is needed to evaluate sustainability and long-term patient outcomes.
Who Shall Survive? Foundations of Sociometry, Group Psychotherapy and Sociodrama
Journal: JAMA (1953)

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Carboplatin reinduction after taxane in patients with platinum-refractory epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: J Kavanagh, D Tresukosol, C Edwards, R Freedman, C Gonzalez de Leon, A Fishman, R Mante, M Hord, A Kudelka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE To determine the activity of carboplatin in patients with ovarian cancer who progressed on taxane (paclitaxel or docetaxel) therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-three patients with ovarian cancers refractory to platinum and taxane therapy were treated with single-agent carboplatin reinduction once the disease progressed on a taxane. The starting dose of carboplatin was 300 mg/m2 at 28-day intervals. RESULTS Patients were a median age of 56 years (range, 31 to 80), had a median Zubrod performance status of 1 (range, 0 to 2) and had received a median of three prior chemotherapy regimens (range, two to eight) and one pretaxane platinum regimen (range, one to three). Twenty-six patients had a platinum-free interval of at least 12 months at the time of posttaxane re-treatment with carboplatin. There were seven of 33 (21%) partial responses, with a median duration of 7+ months (range, 2+ to 12+). Responses were noted only in patients with at least a 12-month platinum-free interval and an initial sensitivity to a taxane. The therapy was well tolerated and neurotoxicity was absent. CONCLUSION A subset of patients with platinum-refractory disease that initially responded to a taxane and who eventually have a platinum-free interval of at least 1 year may respond to carboplatin reinduction. This finding may be secondary to paclitaxel or docetaxel therapy that leads to the reversal of platinum resistance, or the prolonged platinum-free interval permits the loss of resistance to platinum by the tumor. Carboplatin reinduction should be considered in the treatment of patients whose ovarian cancer progresses after an initial sensitivity to a taxane and who had a prolonged platinum-free interval.
OC-050 Panenteric capsule endoscopy: whole gut visualisation without intubation
Authors: MF Hale, K Drew, E Ejenavi, R Sidhu, ME McAlindon
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a well-tolerated, first line small bowel (SB) investigative modality. A specifically adapted version is available to image the colon, thus providing an option for non-invasive, single visit imaging of the entire gastrointestinal tract. This study evaluates a novel panenteric protocol utilised to investigate patients with symptoms which could originate from the SB, large bowel or both sites. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective, single centre, involving consecutive patients attending for panenteric CE between July 2008 and December 2014. PillCam SB (Given Imaging, Israel) or MiroCam (Intromedic, Korea) and PillCam Colon 2 (Given Imaging) were used. All patients with known inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) successfully passed a PillCam Patency device prior. Patient demographics, procedural data, final diagnosis and outcomes were collected. <h3>Results</h3> 108 procedures were performed, mean age 41.5 years (range 16–95), 72 female, median follow up 27 months (range 2–79). 41 patients had known IBD (37 Crohn’s, 4 ulcerative colitis (UC)) and were undergoing disease re-assessment after 12 months of anti-TNF therapy (12), or due to relapse in symptoms (29). The remaining 67 patients had suspected IBD with predominant symptoms of diarrhoea (33), abdominal pain (15), iron deficiency anaemia (8), weight loss (6) and gastrointestinal bleeding (5). 51 patients refused colonoscopy, 37 chose CE over colonoscopy, 17 had an incomplete colonoscopy and 3 were unfit for colonoscopy. Panenteric capsule endoscopy completion rate (CECR) was 60.1% (65/108), SB CECR 86.1% (93/108) and colon CECR 71.3% (77/108). Colon CE bowel preparation was graded as good or excellent in 61.8%. 2 patients were excluded due to prolonged gastric retention of the colon capsule, 1 subsequently diagnosed with narcotic bowel syndrome. No complications were encountered. In the IBD group, 25 patients (61.0%) had evidence of active disease, leading to medication alterations in 21, surgery in 1 and conservative management in 3. Of the 16 patients in whom mucosal healing had been achieved, medication regimens were downgraded in 10 patients. In the suspected IBD group, this was identified in 13.4% (7 Crohns, 2 UC). Clinically relevant alternative findings included colon polyps (16), diverticular disease (9 colonic, 1 SB), angioectasia (6 SB, 1 colonic), and a small bowel carcinoid (1). The remaining 24 patients were diagnosed with functional bowel disorders and discharged. Of all the 34 patients with IBD identified, 22 had ileitis alone, 5 had ileocolonic disease and 7 had colonic disease alone. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Panenteric capsule endoscopy is feasible and can be performed safely in patients known to have IBD. It can be used to guide management without resorting to conventional endoscopy and identifies pathology in all areas of the GI tract. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Effect of Age, Sex, and Intestinal Flora on the Induction of Colon Tumors in Rats2
Authors: E. Balish, C. N. Shih, W. A. Croft, A. M. Pamukcu, G. Lower, G. T. Bryan, C. E. Yale
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Germfree and conventional Sprague-Dawley rats were assessed for their susceptibility to intrarectally injected N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Adenocarcinoma of the colon was induced in germfree and conventional rats by both MNNG and MNU. The colons of germfree rats were more susceptible to the directacting carcinogens, as manifested by earlier morbidity and development of colon tumors (50% tumors within 30–35 wk), than were those of conventional rats (50% colon tumors within 48–50 wk). Germfree and conventional male rats were more susceptible to the carcinogens than were their female germfree and conventional counterparts. Young (30 days old at the start of the experiment) germfree rats developed colon tumors more quickly (15–20 wk) than did older (60 days) germfree rats after intrarectal injections of MNNG. No colon tumors were observed in germfree and conventional rats after 75 weekly intrarectal injections with a buffer. Transplantation of an adenocarcinoma induced with MNU in a female rat to germfree and conventional rats showed that it was easily transplantable, required no immunosuppression, and had essentially the same morphologic characteristics as did the primary tumor.
Presence and stability of rotors in atrial fibrillation: evidence and therapeutic implications
Authors: María S. Guillem, Andreu M. Climent, Miguel Rodrigo, Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Felipe Atienza, Omer Berenfeld
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

Rotor-guided ablation has opened new perspectives into the therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF). Analysis of the spatio-temporal cardiac excitation patterns in the frequency and phase domains has demonstrated the importance of rotors in research models of AF, however, the dynamics and role of rotors in human AF are still controversial. In this review, the current knowledge gained through research models and patient data that support the notion that rotors are key players in AF maintenance is summarized. We report and discuss discrepancies regarding rotor prevalence and stability in various studies, which can be attributed in part to methodological differences among mapping systems. Future research for validation and improvement of current clinical electrophysiology mapping technologies will be crucial for developing mechanistic-based selection and application of the best therapeutic strategy for individual AF patient, being it, pharmaceutical, ablative, or other approach.
BRCA mutation status and risk of secondary malignancy following chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: R. Wesolowski, T. K. Choueiri, L. Rybicki, A. G. Shealy, G. Casey, D. Weng, H. Moore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

11017 Background: Since the BRCA gene is responsible for excisional DNA repair, we hypothesized that breast cancer patients with BRCA mutation would be more susceptible to the induction of second malignancies following chemotherapy treatment than breast cancer patients who tested negative for BRCA mutations. Methods: Breast cancer patients tested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations at the Cleveland Clinic were identified and evaluated for history of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and for the occurrence of subsequent non-breast primary invasive cancer. Patients with inadequate follow-up and those with inoperable disease at diagnosis were excluded from the analysis. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare different cohorts. The IRB at Cleveland Clinic approved the study. Results: Of 115 identified breast cancer patients tested for BRCA mutations, 77 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven of these patients carried BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and 50 tested negative for these mutations. Twelve patients (44%) in the BRCA positive group and 8 patients (16%) in the BRCA negative group underwent prophylactic oophorectomy. Median follow-up for the two groups was 53.5 months (75 months in the BRCA positive group and 48.5 months in the BRCA negative group). Median age at diagnosis was 42 years (40.5 years in the BRCA positive group and 44.5 in the BRCA negative group). In the BRCA positive group 3 of 25 patients (12%) treated with chemotherapy developed second malignancies (ovarian cancer, transitional cell cancer in urinary tract and renal cell carcinoma) compared with none of the 2 patients who did not get chemotherapy (p= 1.0). In the BRCA negative group, 2/34 patients (6%), treated with chemotherapy developed second cancers compared with 2/16 patients (12%), who were not treated with chemotherapy (p=0.58). Cancers in the BRCA negative group included two bladder carcinomas in the chemotherapy treated patients and in the non-chemotherapy group, non-small cell lung cancer, uterine, ovarian, endometrial and peritoneal cancers. Conclusions: At more than 4-years of follow up, chemotherapy in operable breast cancer patients was not associated with an increase in the risk of secondary malignancy or with a differential effect on this endpoint by BRCA mutation status in this retrospective study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Preoperative evaluation of peritoneal deposits in epithelial ovarian cancer and prediction of surgical outcome with multidetector computed tomography
Authors: C. Sh, S. Thulkar, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, M. C. Sharma, D. N. Shrivastava
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

16515 Background: Peritoneal route is the most common form of spread in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and in the management of EOC, optimum debulking surgery (residual tumour of 1 cm or less) is the most important prognostic factor which is associated with higher survival. We conducted a prospective study toevaluate the role of MDCT scan to evaluate peritoneal depositsand predict optimal debulking in advanced EOC. Methods: 38 Previously untreated patients were evaluated with MDCT scan of abdomen between December, 2004 and October, 2006. All CT scans were performed on 4 slice MDCT scanner. Multiplanar coronal, sagital or oblique images were constructed and all images were reviewed by at least 2 radiologists. CT films were reviewed and compared with surgical findings. For evaluation of peritoneal metastases,abdomen was divided into 9 segments i.e. bilateral hypochondria, bilateral lumbar, bilateral iliac fossae, epigastrium, umbilical region and hypogastrium. A CT scan scoring system was developed to predict the optimum debulking using 10 parameters: ascites, pelvic, peritoneal deposits, large bowel, small bowel, omentum, diaphragm, liver, lymphadenopathy and lesser sac. Each factor was assigned a score of 0 to 2. Results: The sensitivity and specificity for detection of peritoneal deposits were 61.58% and 94.3%. For the prediction of surgical outcome, 18 of 38 patients had a CT score > 7; all 18 had sub-optimal debulking. Of remaining 20 patients with CT score < 7, 17 (44.7%) had optimum and 3 had sub-optimal cytoreduction. The sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 100%. Conclusions: Pre-operative CT scan scoring helps to identify patients having peritoneal deposits and who are likely to have sub-optimal debulking and thus could be put on neoadjuvant chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Favorable T Cell Reconstitution In Reduced Intensity Conditioned Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with Low-Dose Rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin and Total Body Irradiation
Authors: Radhika Thorn, Jeremy Meier, Elaine Wang, Roy T Sabo, Allison F Scalora, Catherine H Roberts, Shiyu Song, Masoud H Manjili, William B Clark, John M McCarty, Harold M Chung, Amir A Toor
Journal: Blood (2013)
Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody, KR-P8, That Detects a New Prostate-Specific Marker&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R H Raynor, T A Hazra, C W Moncure, T Mohanakumar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

This report characterizes a prostate-specific monoclonal antibody, KP-P8, which was prepared against the human prostate cell line PC3. The antigen detected by KR-P8 was identified on the surfaces of 90% of cells of the PC3 line, as well as on 67% of cells of the Du-145 prostate line, but it was absent from the surfaces of normal peripheral blood leukocytes and cells of a number of lymphoblastoid lines. As judged by immunoperoxidase staining techniques, KR-P8 reacted with the glandular epithelium of all specimens of normal, benign hypertrophic, and malignant prostate glands tested. However, no reactivity was noted with numerous other human tissues including normal bladder, lung, liver, kidney, testis, colon, parotid gland, thyroid gland, and spleen. These results indicate that the antigen detected by KR-P8 is prostate organ-specific. Competitive blocking studies showed that the antibody did not recognize the previously described prostate-specific antigen or the alpha-Pro-3 antigen described by other investigators. The KR-P8 antibody also did not bind to purified prostatic acid phosphatase. The presence of the KR-P8 antigen was demonstrated in cell-free preparations of dilute seminal plasma by radioimmunoassay, indicating that this antigen is secreted by the glandular cells of the prostate gland. The clinical significance of this marker was demonstrated by its ability to identify prostate metastases of the lymph node.
The phylogeny of the hominoid primates: a statistical analysis of the DNA-DNA hybridization data.
Authors: A R Templeton
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1985)

Sibley and Ahlquist compared the single-copy nuclear DNA sequences of the hominoid primates using DNA-DNA hybridization. From this data set they estimated a phylogeny that clusters man and chimpanzees using a distance Wagner procedure. However, no assessment of statistical confidence in this estimated phylogeny was made, despite the fact that their data set contains internal inconsistencies concerning the correct branching order. This paper presents a modification of Pielou's Q-statistic that allows one to make nonparametric tests of phylogenetic relationship from distance data. The results of this analysis indicate that the estimated phylogeny of Sibley and Ahlquist is without statistical significance owing to the internal inconsistencies of the data set. A survey and additional analyses of other types of molecular data indicate that the phylogeny that clusters chimpanzees and gorillas and has the human lineage splitting off earlier is statistically consistent with all the molecular data (including the DNA-DNA hybridization data), whereas the phylogeny estimated by Sibley and Ahlquist can be rejected at the 5% level using the data on restriction-endonuclease sites in the mitochondrial genome.
A Model of Human Cancer Metastasis: Extensive Spontaneous and Artificial Metastasis of a Human Pigmented Melanoma and Derived Variant Sublines in Nude Mice23
Authors: R. S. Kerbel, M. S. Man, D. Dexter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The extensive metastatic capacities in nude mice of variants of a human melanoma line, MeWo, were studied. BALB/c nude mice received subcutaneous implants of lung cubes impregnated in vitro with small numbers (less than 1,000) of MeWo cells as a result of previous in vitro coincubation. Such implants always resulted in lethal tumors, despite the fact that injection of dispersed 3 X 10(5) MeWo cells was normally required to obtain a tumor take. A BALB/c nude mouse that had received a MeWo lung cube implant was found to have numerous, large lung nodules 6 months after implantation. Transfer of the metastatic lung nodules to new recipients also led to the appearance of lung metastases. Cell lines established from such metastases, or from primary tumors that arose in nude mice implanted with MeWo-infiltrated cubes, showed a remarkable ability to colonize the lungs after iv injection, in contrast to the parent MeWo cells: Lungs were found to be engorged with hundreds of nodules, many, but not all, being melanotic. Widespread extrapulmonary metastases were also observed, but only after iv injection of MeWo sublines established from metastases. Karyotype analysis revealed that lung colonies established by iv cell injection had a near diploid (i.e., wild type) number of human chromosomes (mode: 44), whereas cell lines from spontaneous metastases possessed a near tetraploid number, a possible consequence of either selection or tumor progression in vivo. The results indicate that human tumor variants with unusually aggressive metastatic capabilities can be obtained in adult nude mice, similar in nature to some highly metastatic variants derived from mouse tumors (e.g., the B16 melanoma). The availability of such variants should be a valuable aid to study aspects of tumor cell heterogeneity, progression, and metastasis from a human cancer cell perspective.
Herpesvirus Infections and Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Nancy K. Hills, Carol A. Glaser, Warren D. Lo, Catherine Amlie-Lefond, Nomazulu Dlamini, Rachel Kneen, Eldad A. Hod, Max Wintermark, Gabrielle A. deVeber, Heather J. Fullerton
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Epidemiological studies demonstrate that childhood infections, including varicella zoster virus, are associated with an increased risk of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). Other herpesviruses have been linked to childhood AIS in case reports. We sought to determine whether herpesvirus infections, which are potentially treatable, increase the risk of childhood AIS.We enrolled 326 centrally confirmed cases of AIS and 115 stroke-free controls with trauma (29 days to 18 years of age) with acute blood samples (≤3 weeks after stroke/trauma); cases had convalescent samples (7-28 days later) when feasible. Samples were tested by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and varicella zoster virus. An algorithm developed a priori classified serological evidence of past and acute herpesvirus infection as dichotomous variables. The median (quartiles) age was 7.7 (3.1-14.3) years for cases and 10.7 (6.9-13.2) years for controls (P=0.03). Serological evidence of past infection did not differ between cases and controls. However, serological evidence of acute herpesvirus infection doubled the odds of childhood AIS, even after adjusting for age, race, and socioeconomic status (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.0; P=0.007). Among 187 cases with acute and convalescent blood samples, 85 (45%) showed evidence of acute herpesvirus infection; herpes simplex virus 1 was found most often. Most infections were asymptomatic.Herpesviruses may act as a trigger for childhood AIS, even if the infection is subclinical. Antivirals like acyclovir might have a role in the prevention of recurrent stroke if further studies confirm a causal relationship.