tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Single-institution experience of colorectal cancer in the very elderly population (80 years and over)
Authors: H. P. Soares, M. Cusnir, F. Nascimento, L. Balducci, G. B. Weinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20542 Background: More than 70% of newly diagnosed cases of colon cancer are in individuals older than 70 years. However, limited data are available about treatment options in elderly patients, particularly in those over 80 years of age. As life expectancy increases and performance status is maintained, this subgroup of patients should play an important role in the design of colon cancer trials. Methods: To assess survival of very old patients based on the therapy received, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all consecutive colorectal patients, aged 80 and over, who were seen in one single institution (Mount Sinai Medical Center). Using our cancer registry database, we extracted data regarding age at diagnosis, site of tumor and pathology, stage, treatments and survival. Results: Over the last 26 years, 1390 patients (mean age at diagnosis was 85 years) have been seen in our institution. 73.8 % of the patients had surgery as the only treatment; of these, 248 (24%) subjects had only local tumor excision. Data on AJCC staging was available for 772 patients: 3.5% had in situ cancer, 34.3% had stage I disease, 30.1% stage II, 19.5% stage III and 12.6% stage IV. 98 patients received chemotherapy as part of their treatment. Stage II patients treated with chemotherapy (n=13) had a median overall survival of 75 months compared with 46 months for patients who had exclusively surgery (n=207). In stage III patients (n=139), chemotherapy significantly increased survival [25 versus 49 months (p=0.03)]. In stage IV (n= 64), there was no difference between the groups (8 versus 9 months, p=0.5). Conclusions: Despite the lack of recommendations from the US Preventive Services Task Force, colon cancer screening plays an important role in cancer prevention of elderly patients; as we observed that many tumors were detected in early stages. Elderly colon cancer patients tolerate and tend to benefit from chemotherapy, especially in early stages. Few randomized trials are designed exclusively for the elderly, and most trials do not allow the inclusion of elderly, despite good performance status. Cancer studies design to determine effective screening measures, treatment, and outcomes for this expanding age group are needed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effect of Sleep-disordered Breathing Severity on Cognitive Performance Measures in a Large Community Cohort of Young School-aged Children
Authors: Scott J. Hunter, David Gozal, Dale L. Smith, Mona F. Philby, Jaeson Kaylegian, Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is associated with cognitive challenges. However, potential associations between SDB severity and neurocognitive function, as well as the presence of an SDB cutoff, have not been fully explored.To determine whether SDB-associated adverse changes in neurocognitive functioning are severity dependent.A total of 1,010 snoring and nonsnoring children ages 5-7 years were prospectively recruited from public schools and underwent polysomnography and neurocognitive assessments of intellectual, attention, memory, language, and executive function development. The children were subdivided into four severity groups on the basis of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), followed by comparisons of cognitive function, with a particular focus on standardized subtests of intellectual, language, attention, memory, and executive function.Differential Ability Scales Verbal (P < 0.001) and Nonverbal (P = 0.002) performance, as well as global conceptual ability (IQ) (P < 0.001) scores, differed significantly across the groups, with individuals with higher AHI showing worse performance. Additionally, specific NEPSY (a Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment) subscores focused on attention and executive skills differed across the groups, indicating differences in levels of engagement and problem solving. Children with higher AHI (>5 per hour of total sleep time) were significantly more impaired than all three lower AHI groups, indicating a dose-response impact of SDB.This large community-based sample of children highlights the significant deleterious impact of SDB, particularly in children with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, and also that even snoring alone affects neurocognitive function. By affecting developing capabilities, as illustrated by cognitive measures in a severity-graded manner, SDB could adversely impact children's capacity to attain academic and adaptive goals, ultimately hampering their ability to reach independence. Our findings support the need for increased awareness of SDB, with particular emphasis on children with more severe obstructive sleep apnea.
P95 Outcomes of pregnancy following liver transplantation
Authors: R Westbrook, A Yeoman, K Agarwal, V Aluvihare, J O'Grady, N Heaton, M Heneghan
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  Pregnancy in liver transplant (LT) patients has been reported to have largely favourable outcomes for the mother, foetus and allograft. Concerns remain with regards to graft rejection, the type and optimal level of immunosuppression and the ideal timing for conception following LT. We report a review of all pregnancies in LT recipients at our centre from 1988 to 2010 concentrating on maternal, foetal and graft outcomes.  Results  115 pregnancies occurred in 84 LT recipients. The median age at conception was 26 years and the median interval between LT and conception was 53 months (range 1–239 months). There were 82 (71%) live births, 13 terminations, 18 spontaneous abortions, 1 molar pregnancy and 1 intrauterine death. The mean gestation was 38 weeks (range 24–42 weeks). Regarding foetal outcomes, no congenital abnormalities occurred. A very low birth weight (  Conclusion  Overall pregnancy following LT has a favourable outcome, with the majority of wanted conceptions resulting in a live birth. Immunosupression appears safe with no congenital abnormalities in this cohort. Risks however do remain with regards to acute cellular rejection and very low foetal birth weights. Patients should be educated with regards to the above information so an informed decision regarding pregnancy can be made.
p53: from molecular mechanisms to prognosis in cancer.
Authors: C Y Fung, D E Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.4.808 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7707105 p53: from molecular mechanisms to prognosis in cancer. C Y FungxC Y FungSearch for articles by this author , D E FisherxD E FisherSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.4.808 First Page PDF © 1995 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Distinctive Cancer Associations in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Elina Uusitalo, Matti Rantanen, Roope A. Kallionpää, Minna Pöyhönen, Jussi Leppävirta, Heli Ylä-Outinen, Vincent M. Riccardi, Eero Pukkala, Janne Pitkäniemi, Sirkku Peltonen, Juha Peltonen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose The current study was designed to determine the risk of cancer in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) by cancer type, age, and sex with unprecedented accuracy to be achieved by combining two total population–based registers. Patients and Methods A population-based series of patients with NF1 (N = 1,404; 19,076 person-years) was linked to incident cancers recorded in the Finnish Cancer Registry and deaths recorded in the national Population Register Centre between 1987 and 2012. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for selected cancer types. Survival of the patients with cancer with and without NF1 was compared. Results In malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and CNS tumors, the cancers traditionally associated with NF1, we observed SIRs of 2,056 (95% CI, 1,561 to 2,658), and 37.5 (95% CI, 30.2 to 46.0), respectively, and SMRs of 2,301 (95% CI, 1,652 to 3,122) and 30.2 (95% CI, 19.1 to 45.2), respectively. We found an unequivocally increased risk for breast cancer. In particular, SIR was 11.1 (95% CI, 5.56 to 19.5) for breast cancer in women with NF1 age &lt; 40 years; the overall SMR for breast cancer was 5.20 (95% CI, 2.38 to 9.88). Particularly high overall SIRs were observed in patients with NF1 age &lt; 15 years: women, 87.6 (95% CI, 58.6 to 125); men, 45.6 (95% CI, 28.4 to 68.5). An estimated lifetime cancer risk for patients with NF1 was 59.6%. The 5-year survival of patients with cancer and NF1, excluding nervous tissue cancers, was worse than that of comparable patients with cancers without NF1 (54.0% v 67.5%; P = .01). Conclusion Our results emphasize the general cancer proclivity of patients with NF1. These findings should translate to clinical practices to determine clinical interventions and focused follow-up of patients with NF1.
Abstract 17753: Pre-Hospital and Emergency Department False-Positive Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Activation among Patients with Suspected ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: What is the "Cost of Doing Business"?
Authors: Kelly N Sawyer, Audra L Robinson, Charlotte S Roberts, Michael C Kurz, Michael C Kontos
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objectives: Patients (pts) presenting with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) represent a cardiovascular emergency. Low levels of false positive (FP) cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL...
Abstract 16485: Msct Guided Tavi Sizing Approach Using the Sapiens Xt Valve: Clinical and Functional Outcome and Device Geometry in Dependence of Different Degrees of Oversizing
Authors: Alexander Leber, Uli Ebersberger, Diethmar Antoni, Ellen Hoffmann, Markus Kasel
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Aims Pre-procedural device sizing is a critical step during the TAVI procedure using the Edwards-Sapien trans-catheter-aortic-valve (ESTV). The current standard for pre procedural annulus sizing is...
Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation May Be Associated With a High Risk of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Jan Storek, Ted Gooley, Muriel Siadak, William I. Bensinger, David G. Maloney, Thomas R. Chauncey, Mary Flowers, Keith M. Sullivan, Robert P. Witherspoon, Scott D. Rowley, John A. Hansen, Rainer Storb, Frederick R. Appelbaum
Journal: Blood (1997)
Treatment of melanoma with wild-type p53 (wtp53) and detectable S100B using pentamidine: A phase II trial with correlative biomarker endpoints.
Authors: J. M. Mehnert, P. F. Hausner, M. Tan, D. Weber, E. A. Sausville
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS310 Background: Wtp53 binds to the S100B Ca2+ binding protein, thereby blocking the pro-apoptotic function of p53 (Lin J J Biol Chem 2001, 2004). S100B and unmutated, wtp53 are frequently expressed in melanoma (Gwosdz C Int J Cancer 2006). Pentamidine, an available anti-protozoal agent, inhibits interaction of wtp53 with S100B (Markowitz J J Med Chem 2004). In cell culture and animal models, pentamidine causes wtp53 (+) melanoma cell death through activation of p53-mediated apoptosis, a finding supported by earlier reports (Pathak Mol Cancer Ther 2002). The purpose of this trial is to determine if pentamidine causes tumor responses in patients with refractory wtp53 melanoma and detectable S100B. Scientific correlates will address if modulation of p21 and S100B, downstream targets for activation by wtp53, will be observed in paired tumors as well as changes in serum S100B as a function of treatment. Methods: Eligible patients with metastatic melanoma must have wtp53 and detectable levels of S100B; ECOG PS ≤ 2, and adequate organ function. Pentamidine 4 mg/kg/day will be given over 2 hours qd X 5 days for 2 weeks followed by a drug free period of 2 weeks. The primary endpoint is the clinical response rate (proportion of patients with CR + PR). A modified Simon's two stage minimax design based on group sequential method is used so that early stopping is more likely if therapy is not promising, with 16 patients for each stage with significance level =10% and power = 90%. If 0 patients respond in stage 1, the trial will end. Pentamidine will be worthy of further study if > 3 of 32 patients respond. Correlative studies will evaluate the biologic effects of pentamidine through 1) determination of wtp53 and S100B status in patients prior to therapy 2) pre/post-treatment changes in the concentration of S100B and p21 in tumor biopsies and 3) serial levels of serum S100B at baseline and at days 3, 5, 10, 12, 19, and 26. With 16 patients in stage 1, we have 80% power to detect differences in S100B (in logarithmic scale) of 0.75 standard deviation units at 5% significance level. This trial will thus explore the anticancer effects of pentamidine, possibly identifying a novel use for an already FDA-approved agent. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Carvedilol prevents epinephrine-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells modulation of Fas/Fas ligand and caspase-3 pathway
Authors: F Romeo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Background: Several studies have shown that carvedilol, a multiple action neurohumoral antagonist, reduces mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). In addition to being a β-adrenoceptor antagonist, carvedilol is a potent antioxidant. Since there is evidence for elevation of catecholamine levels in plasma and coronary artery endothelial cell injury in CHF, the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that carvedilol inhibits epinephrine-induced apoptosis, and the inhibitory effect is mediated by modulation of Fas, Fas ligand (FasL) and caspase-3 pathway, in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Methods and results: HCAECs were exposed to epinephrine alone, carvedilol+epinephrine, or atenolol+epinephrine for 24 h. Epinephrine increased the number of apoptotic cells, measured by in situ nick end-labeling staining (from 4.2±1.3% to 28.6±6.0%, P<0.01, n=6) and by DNA laddering on agarose gel electrophoresis. Epinephrine also increased Fas and FasL protein expression (P<0.01 vs. control, n=6), and activated intracellular protease caspase-3 (P<0.01 vs. control, n=6). These effects of epinephrine were completely inhibited by carvedilol. Atenolol in equimolar concentration also attenuated epinephrine-mediated effects, but the effects of atenolol were less marked than those of carvedilol (P<0.01). To explore the basis of differential effects of carvedilol and atenolol, effects of these agents on epinephrine-induced lipid peroxidation was measured. Lipid peroxidation was completely blocked by carvedilol, whereas equimolar concentration of atenolol had much less (P<0.05) effect. Conclusion: Epinephrine induces apoptosis in HCAECs, and this effect is associated with activation of Fas–FasL and caspase-3 signal transduction pathway. Carvedilol can, more effectively than atenolol, inhibit these effects of epinephrine. The potent antioxidant effect of carvedilol is probably responsible for the superior effect.
Impact of socioeconomic status on survival in breast cancer patients with ten and more positive lymph nodes
Authors: I. Zeichner, D. Flores, D. Munoz, M. T. T. Ramirez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9730 Background: It has been widely observed variation of survival rates among different populations and races. The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status on survival among a group of bad prognosis breast cancer patients Methods: The clinical records of patients with breast cancer clinical stage II from 1983–1992 were reviewed. Under the older clinical staging, a group of 52 patients with ten or more positive nodes, complete treatment and follow up was identified. Socioeconomic data, tumor characteristics, treatment, results and follow up were recorded and analyzed. Survival was calculated with Kaplan Meier curves and logrank test for differences. Results: Patients were classified in two categories: 1: Lowest socioeconomic status, mostly deprived with worst living conditions including 22 cases, and 2: The rest of the patients with better conditions, medium low class and medium with 30 . Mean age was of 46.4 years (22–65) for group 1 and 50.6 (38–63) for group 2(p=0.06). Were postmenopausal 11 ( 50%) of group1 and 16 (53%) of group2 with no significant difference. All the tumors were invasive ductal carcinomas. Histological mean tumor size was of 3.2cm for group 1 and 3.4 for 2. Mean positive nodes were 19.7 for group 1 (10–37) and 15.2 for group 2 (10–29) p=0.01. Patients were treated with mastectomy; received radiotherapy after surgery 16 patients in group 1 (72.7%) and 23 (76.6) from 2. Tamoxifen was given to 11 (50%) in group 1 and 16 (53%) in 2. Adjuvant chemotherapy with FAC was given to 7 in group 1(31.8%) and 12 (40%) in the other; CFM was given to 15 ( 68.2) in group 1 and 14 (46.7%) in group 2 and in the latter, 4 (13.3) with 5Fu and Ciclophosfamide alone. Mean survival time was of 44 months for group 1 and 167 months for group 2 p=0.004 Conclusions: With the results obtained, we can conclude that in this group of patients, with same characteristics and treatment uniformity, the only explication for the significant differences in survival that we observed are directly related to the socioeconomic status, and therefore, more attention has to be paid on this subject. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA AND POLYCYTHEMIA VERA IN ONE PATIENT
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence and Growth of Mammary Tumors Induced by 7, 12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene as Related to the Dietary Content of Fat and Antioxidant2
Authors: M. Margaret King, David M. Bailey, Donald D. Gibson, Jan V. Pitha, Paul B. McCay
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

The interaction between dietary fat, type and amount, and the dietary antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on tumor induction and tumor growth by 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene was studied. The study was to determine whether ingestion of polyunsaturated fat decreased or antagonized the inhibitory action of the antioxidant in comparison to diets that either contained equivalent amounts of a saturated fat or were very low in fat. The rationale was based on the known increased requirement for antioxidant caused by elevated levels of dietary unsaturated fat. Because the feeding of excess dietary polyunsaturated fat without an adequate elevation of dietary antioxidant causes various types of tissue injury in different species, it is reasonable to consider that the promotional effect of polyunsaturated fat in tumor development may be related to this phenomenon. We have confirmed that Sprague-Dawley female rats fed the high fat diets not only had a higher tumor incidence but also had a considerably higher tumor growth rate than did rats fed the low fat diet. Tumors also grew most rapidly in animals fed the diet high in polyunsaturated fat. When the antioxidant BHT was included in the diets, all 3 dietary groups showed a decrease in tumor incidence and rate of tumor growth. Whereas BHT completely eliminated the increased tumor incidence caused by high levels of saturated fat, it was much less effective in reducing tumor incidence in animals fed the same level of polyunsaturated fat. High levels of polyunsaturated fat exerted a tumor-enhancing effect, part of which was related to unsaturation that could not be eliminated by the antioxidant supplement.
Use of the Adaptive LASSO Method to Identify PM<sub>2.5</sub>Components Associated with Blood Pressure in Elderly Men: The Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study
Authors: Lingzhen Dai, Petros Koutrakis, Brent A. Coull, David Sparrow, Pantel S. Vokonas, Joel D. Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but it is unclear whether specific PM2.5 components, particularly metals, may be responsible for cardiovascular effects.We aimed to determine which PM2.5 components are associated with blood pressure in a longitudinal cohort.We fit linear mixed-effects models with the adaptive LASSO penalty to longitudinal data from 718 elderly men in the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, 1999-2010. We controlled for PM2.5 mass, age, body mass index, use of antihypertensive medication (ACE inhibitors, non-ophthalmic beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and angiotensin receptor antagonists), smoking status, alcohol intake, years of education, temperature, and season as fixed effects in the models, and additionally applied the adaptive LASSO method to select PM2.5 components associated with blood pressure. Final models were identified by the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC).For systolic blood pressure (SBP), nickel (Ni) and sodium (Na) were selected by the adaptive LASSO, whereas only Ni was selected for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). An interquartile range increase (2.5 ng/m3) in 7-day moving-average Ni was associated with 2.48-mmHg (95% CI: 1.45, 3.50 mmHg) increase in SBP and 2.22-mmHg (95% CI: 1.69, 2.75 mmHg) increase in DBP, respectively. Associations were comparable when the analysis was restricted to study visits with PM2.5 below the 75th percentile of the distribution (12 μg/m3).Our study suggested that exposure to ambient Ni was associated with increased blood pressure independent of PM2.5 mass in our study population of elderly men. Further research is needed to confirm our findings, assess generalizability to other populations, and identify potential mechanisms for Ni effects.Dai L, Koutrakis P, Coull BA, Sparrow D, Vokonas PS, Schwartz JD. 2016. Use of the adaptive LASSO method to identify PM2.5 components associated with blood pressure in elderly men: the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:120-125; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409021.