tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Survival After Amputation in Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Lawrence A. Lavery, Nathan A. Hunt, Agbor Ndip, David C. Lavery, William Van Houtum, Andrew J.M. Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

To identify factors that influence survival after diabetes-related amputations.We abstracted medical records of 1,043 hospitalized subjects with diabetes and a lower-extremity amputation from 1 January to 31 December 1993 in six metropolitan statistical areas in south Texas. We identified mortality in the 10-year period after amputation from death certificate data. Diabetes was verified using World Health Organization criteria. Amputations were identified by ICD-9-CM codes 84.11-84.18 and categorized as foot, below-knee amputation, and above-knee amputation and verified by reviewing medical records. We evaluated three levels of renal function: chronic kidney disease (CKD), hemodialysis, and no renal disease. We defined CKD based on a glomerular filtration rate<60 ml/min and hemodialysis from Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes (90921, 90925, 90935, and 90937). We used χ2 for trend and Cox regression analysis to evaluate risk factors for survival after amputation.Patients with CKD and dialysis had more below-knee amputations and above-knee amputations than patients with no renal disease (P<0.01). Survival was significantly higher in patients with no renal impairment (P<0.01). The Cox regression indicated a 290% increase in hazard for death for dialysis treatment (hazard ratio [HR] 3.9, 95% CI 3.07-5.0) and a 46% increase for CKD (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21-1.77). Subjects with an above-knee amputation had a 167% increase in hazard (HR 2.67, 95% CI 2.14-3.34), and below-knee amputation patients had a 67% increase in hazard for death.Survival after amputation is lower in diabetic patients with CKD, dialysis, and high-level amputations.
Cholesterol Metabolism and Suicidality in Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Carriers
Authors: Aleksandra Lalovic, Louise Merkens, Laura Russell, Geneviève Arsenault-Lapierre, Malgorzata J M Nowaczyk, Forbes D Porter, Robert D Steiner, Gustavo Turecki
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and suicidality in carriers of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and their families. This population has a partial deficiency in 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in cholesterol biosynthesis. METHOD: Suicidal behavior, depression, misuse of alcohol and drugs, and family history of psychopathology, including attempted or completed suicide, were assessed by structured interview in 51 carriers of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and 54 matched comparison subjects. RESULTS: There were significantly more suicide attempters and completers among the biological relatives of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome carriers than comparison subjects, but family history of psychopathology did not significantly differ between the groups. More suicide attempts were reported among Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome carriers than among the comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results, based on a unique study design, provide additional evidence supporting the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and suicidal behavior.
SERUM GLUTAMIC-OXALACETIC TRANSAMINASE AND CEPHALIN-CHOLESTEROL FLOCCULATION TESTS IN ACUTE PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESSES
Authors: FERRIS N. PITTS, GEORGE WINOKUR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

A series of 75 consecutive psychiatric admissions were assessed for clinical diagnosis and laboratory determinations of CCF and SGOT. All CCF were negative. No instance of positive SGOT determination was found in the absence of specific and additional intoxication or metabolic [SEE SOURCE PDF TABLE 1] disfunction. This would tend to negate assertions that schizophrenia and/or other psychiatric illnesses are associated with hepatic dysfunction or significant cellular damage in other organ systems.
Attenuation of colitis in the cotton-top tamarin by anti-alpha 4 integrin monoclonal antibody.
Authors: D K Podolsky, R Lobb, N King, C D Benjamin, B Pepinsky, P Sehgal, M deBeaumont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Recent studies have demonstrated the induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules including E-selectin (also called endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule and intercellular adhesion molecule in actively involved mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Similar induction has been demonstrated in the colon of the Cotton-top tamarin (CTT), a New World primate that experiences a spontaneous acute and chronic colitis resembling ulcerative colitis. To assess the potential importance of leukocyte adhesion as a necessary step in acute colitis, the effect of parenteral mAb directed against adhesion molecules on CTT colitis was evaluated in placebo-controlled blinded trials. Serial administration of either of two anti-E-selectin mAb designated BB11 and EH8 effectively coated endothelial surfaces expressing this vascular adhesion molecule. Although colitis activity was slightly diminished after the 10-d treatment period in CTT receiving either BB11 or EH8, this reduction was not significantly different than that seen in animals given a placebo control when assessed by a previously validated standardized scale of inflammatory activity: mean histologic activity grade 2.2 +/- 0.2 pretreatment vs 1.5 +/- 0.5 posttreatment in group receiving mAb and 2.1 +/- 0.1 pretreatment vs 1.3 +/- 0.5 posttreatment in the placebo group (P > 0.2). In contrast, administration of an anti-alpha 4 integrin mAb designated HP1/2 that binds VLA4 (alpha 4 beta 1) and presumably alpha 4 beta 7 integrins resulted in significant attenuation of acute colitis when compared to both pretreatment activity index (P = 0.005) and the placebo control group (P < 0.01): mean histologic activity grade 1.6 +/- 0.3 pretreatment vs 0.2 +/- 0.1 posttreatment in the group receiving HP1/2 and 1.8 +/- 0.5 pretreatment and 1.2 +/- 0.2 posttreatment in the placebo control group. These studies using a model of spontaneous colitis in the CTT demonstrate the feasibility of modulation of leukocyte-vascular adhesion and/or other integrin-mediated events possibly including T cell aggregation and T cell-stromal interactions, as well as lymphocyte homing. These results suggest both that these processes are important and possibly essential elements in sustaining acute colitis and that their disruption may result in therapeutic benefit.
Autocrine Regulation of Myocyte Cx43 Expression by VEGF
Authors: Rhea C. Pimentel, Kathryn A. Yamada, André G. Kléber, Jeffrey E. Saffitz
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Cardiac myocytes can rapidly adjust their expression of gap junction channel proteins in response to changes in load. Previously, we showed that after only 1 hour of linear pulsatile stretch (110% of resting cell length; 3 Hz), expression of connexin43 (Cx43) by cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes is increased by ≈2-fold and impulse propagation is significantly more rapid. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acting downstream of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), mediates stretch-induced upregulation of Cx43 expression by cardiac myocytes. Incubation of nonstretched cells with exogenous VEGF (100 ng/mL) or TGF-β (10 ng/mL) for 1 hour increased Cx43 expression by ≈1.8-fold, comparable to that observed in cells subjected to pulsatile stretch for 1 hour. Stretch-induced upregulation of Cx43 expression was blocked by either anti-VEGF antibody or anti-TGF-β antibody. Stretch-induced enhancement of conduction was also blocked by anti-VEGF antibody. ELISA assay showed that VEGF was secreted into the culture medium during stretch. Furthermore, stretch-conditioned medium stimulated Cx43 expression in nonstretched cells. This effect was also blocked by anti-VEGF antibody. Upregulation of Cx43 expression stimulated by exogenous TGF-β was blocked by anti-VEGF antibody, but VEGF-stimulation of Cx43 expression was not blocked by anti-TGF-β antibody. Thus, stretch-induced upregulation of Cx43 expression is mediated, at least in part, by VEGF, which acts downstream of TGF-β. Because the cultures contained only ≈5% nonmyocytic cells, these results indicate that myocyte-derived VEGF, secreted in response to stretch, acts in an autocrine fashion to enhance intercellular coupling.
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Evidence of Glial Effects of Cumulative Lead Exposure in the Adult Human Hippocampus
Authors: Marc G. Weisskopf, Howard Hu, David Sparrow, Robert E. Lenkinski, Robert O. Wright
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundExposure to lead is known to have adverse effects on cognition in several different populations. Little is known about the underlying structural and functional correlates of such exposure in humans.ObjectivesWe assessed the association between cumulative exposure to lead and levels of different brain metabolite ratios in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).MethodsWe performed MRS on 15 men selected from the lowest quintile of patella bone lead within the Department of Veterans Affairs' Normative Aging Study (NAS) and 16 from the highest to assess in the hippocampal levels of the metabolites N-acetylaspartate, myoinositol, and choline, each expressed as a ratio with creatine. Bone lead concentrations—indicators of cumulative lead exposure—were previously measured using K-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. MRS was performed on the men from 2002 to 2004.ResultsA 20-μg/g bone and 15-μg/g bone higher patella and tibia bone lead concentration—the respective interquartile ranges within the whole NAS—were associated with a 0.04 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.00–0.08; p = 0.04] and 0.04 (95% CI, 0.00–0.08; p = 0.07) higher myoinositol-to-creatine ratio in the hippocampus. After accounting for patella bone lead declines over time, analyses adjusted for age showed that the effect of a 20-μg/g bone higher patella bone lead level doubled (0.09; 95% CI, 0.01–0.17; p = 0.03).ConclusionsCumulative lead exposure is associated with an increase in the myinositol-to-creatine ratio. These data suggest that, as assessed with MRS, glial effects may be more sensitive than neuronal effects as an indicator of cumulative exposure to lead in adults.
Thyroid carcinoma presenting as angio-oedema
Authors: B.F. O'Donnell, I.S. Foulds
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Thyroid carcinoma presenting as angio‐oedema Get access B.F. O'Donnell, B.F. O'Donnell The Skin Hospital 35, George Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 1PR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.S. Foulds I.S. Foulds The Skin Hospital 35, George Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 1PR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 5, 1 May 1993, Pages 588–589, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00244.x Published: 01 May 1993
Activation of Mitogenic Pathways by Albumin in Kidney Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells
Authors: RICK DIXON, NIGEL JOHN BRUNSKILL
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Albumin is filtered into the proximal tubule in large quantities in nephrotic states. It has been proposed that this protein may have a toxic effect on tubular epithelial cells and may be responsible for the initiation of interstitial inflammation and scarring. The mitogenic effect of recombinant human albumin in wild-type opossum kidney cells and in similar cells transfected with a dominant negative p85 subunit (deltap85) of phopshatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) has been studied. This study demonstrates that recombinant human albumin stimulates proliferation of opossum kidney cells in culture. This effect is mediated via PI 3-kinase, and is inhibited by wortmannin and deltap85 expression. Albumin stimulates PI 3-kinase activity in opossum kidney cells as determined by three different experimental procedures. Recombinant albumin also stimulates pp70(s6) kinase activity in a kinase cascade downstream of PI 3-kinase. Activity of pp70(s6) kinase is essential for albumin-induced proliferation of opossum kidney cells. It is proposed that this mitogenic pathway may have a critical role in proximal tubular homeostasis and pathophysiology of proteinuric states.
Patterns and risk factors for locoregional failures after mastectomy for breast cancer: an International Breast Cancer Study Group report
Authors: P. Karlsson, B.F. Cole, B.H. Chua, K.N. Price, J. Lindtner, J.P. Collins, A. Kovács, B. Thürlimann, D. Crivellari, M. Castiglione-Gertsch, J.F. Forbes, R.D. Gelber, A. Goldhirsch, G. Gruber
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Efficacy and Safety of Tositumomab and Iodine-131 Tositumomab (Bexxar) in B-Cell Lymphoma, Progressive After Rituximab
Authors: Sandra J. Horning, Anas Younes, Vinay Jain, Stewart Kroll, Jennifer Lucas, Donald Podoloff, Michael Goris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To determine overall response (OR) and complete response (CR) rates, response duration, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival and safety with the tositumomab and iodine-131 tositumomab ((131)I tositumomab) therapeutic regimen in patients with indolent, follicular large-cell, or transformed B-cell lymphoma, progressive after rituximab.From July 1998 to November 1999, 40 patients (24 rituximab nonresponders: 11 with response < 6 months, and five with response > or = 6 months) received a therapeutic dose (0.65 to 0.75 Gy per platelet count) of (131)I tositumomab based on total-body dosimetry in this prospective phase II study. The median number of prior treatments was four; 59% of patients were chemotherapy-resistant.Confirmed OR (65%) and CR (38%) rates were not significantly associated with prior rituximab response. With a median follow-up of 3.3 years, the median PFS was 10.4 months, 24.5 months for responders, and not reached for CR patients. Among follicular grade 1 or 2 patients with tumors < or = 7 cm (n = 21), the OR and CR rates were 86% and 57%. Estimated 3-year PFS in this subgroup was 48%, compared with 11% for all others (P = .002). Transient grade 3 to 4 marrow toxicity was seen in 50% of patients. Two patients, one of whom received two subsequent chemotherapy regimens, developed secondary myelodysplasia.(131)I tositumomab is effective in CD20-positive lymphoma progressive after rituximab, with a 65% OR rate and median PFS of 24.5 months for responders. Patients with follicular grade 1 or 2 histology and tumors < or = 7 cm achieved very high OR and CR rates, with 48% PFS at 3 years.
Nutritional Interventions and Outcome in Patients With Cancer or Preinvasive Lesions: Systematic Review
Authors: Anna A. Davies, George Davey Smith, Roger Harbord, Geertruida E. Bekkering, Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Rebecca Beynon, Steven Thomas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Dietary modifications and supplements are used widely by patients with cancer and preinvasive lesions as an adjunct to standard treatment. Given the widespread use of nutritional modifications and supplements by such patients and concerns about the lack of benefit and possible harm, we conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to examine the effect of nutritional interventions on patients with cancer or preinvasive lesions.We searched electronic databases and reference lists to locate all eligible trials and analyzed trial quality. Outcome measures were all-cause and cancer mortality, disease-free survival, cancer recurrence, second primary cancer, recurrence of a preinvasive lesion, or progression to cancer. Results of individual trials were combined by use of random-effects meta-analyses.We identified 59 eligible trials, 25 in patients with cancer and 34 in patients with preinvasive lesions, respectively. Trial quality was generally low; only three trials (two of cancer and one of preinvasive lesions) had adequate methods for generating the allocation sequence, allocation concealment, and masking both outcome assessors and participants. The combined odds ratio (OR) for the effect of a healthy diet-given alone or with dietary supplements, weight loss, or exercise-on all-cause mortality was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46 to 1.77). There was no evidence of an association between the use of antioxidant (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.88 to 1.15) or retinol (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.83 to 1.13) supplements and all-cause mortality. Meta-analyses of all other outcomes did not show clear evidence of benefit or harm.The impact of most nutritional interventions cannot be reliably estimated because of the limited number of trials, many of which were of low quality. There is no evidence that dietary modification by cancer patients improves survival and benefits disease prognosis.
Development of pituitary adenoma in women with hyperprolactinaemia: clinical, endocrine, and radiological characteristics.
Authors: A E Pontiroli, L Falsetti
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Sixty eight women referred for treatment of hyperprolactinaemia entered a three year follow up study to determine the clinical and endocrine course of the disease and its association with microadenoma of the pituitary. Details recorded before treatment included medical history, gonadotrophin and ovarian hormonal concentrations, and release of prolactin in response to protirelin (thyrotrophin releasing hormone), benserazide, cimetidine, and nomifensine. Sellar tomography was then performed yearly for three years in all women, 54 of them also undergoing computed coronal and sagittal tomography. At baseline evaluation 27 women showed radiological evidence of pituitary adenoma; at the end of the follow up period the number had increased to 41. Amenorrhoea, steady and raised serum prolactin concentrations, a low ratio of luteinising hormone to follicle stimulating hormone, a longer duration of disease, and low serum progesterone concentrations were more common in women with a final diagnosis of pituitary adenoma than in those whose sella remained normal. Tests for release of prolactin had yielded abnormal results from the outset in all 41 women with radiological evidence of pituitary adenoma and in about half of those whose sella had remained radiologically normal. Response to medical treatment (metergoline in 20 patients, bromocriptine in 21) was similar and showed no difference between patients with tumorous and non-tumorous hyperprolactinaemia. These findings suggest that a large proportion of women with hyperprolactinaemia may harbour a prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma which becomes apparent over a relatively short period. Amenorrhoea and steady and raised serum prolactin concentrations are more common in these women. Tests for release of prolactin are of predictive value in identifying women who will develop a pituitary adenoma.
An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: Key Concepts and Advances in Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Authors: Martijn A. Spruit, Sally J. Singh, Chris Garvey, Richard ZuWallack, Linda Nici, Carolyn Rochester, Kylie Hill, Anne E. Holland, Suzanne C. Lareau, William D.-C. Man, Fabio Pitta, Louise Sewell, Jonathan Raskin, Jean Bourbeau, Rebecca Crouch, Frits M. E. Franssen, Richard Casaburi, Jan H. Vercoulen, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Rik Gosselink, Enrico M. Clini, Tanja W. Effing, François Maltais, Job van der Palen, Thierry Troosters, Daisy J. A. Janssen, Eileen Collins, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Dina Brooks, Bonnie F. Fahy, Milo A. Puhan, Martine Hoogendoorn, Rachel Garrod, Annemie M. W. J. Schols, Brian Carlin, Roberto Benzo, Paula Meek, Mike Morgan, Maureen P. M. H. Rutten-van Mölken, Andrew L. Ries, Barry Make, Roger S. Goldstein, Claire A. Dowson, Jan L. Brozek, Claudio F. Donner, Emiel F. M. Wouters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Executive SummaryContentsOverviewIntroductionMethodsDefinition and ConceptExercise TrainingPulmonary Rehabilitation ...Behavior Change and Colla...Body Composition Abnormal...Physical ActivityTiming of Pulmonary Rehab...Patient-centered OutcomesProgram OrganizationHealth Care UseMoving ForwardReferencesCITING ARTICLES
A Statistical Survey of Adverse Reactions to LSD in Los Angeles County
Authors: J. THOMAS UNGERLEIDER, DUKE D. FISHER, STEPHEN R. GOLDSMITH, MARIELLE FULLER, ED FORGY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The authors surveyed a sample of psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, internists, general practitioners, and psychologists in Los Angeles County to determine the number of patients with adverse LSD reactions seen by these professionals during an 18-month period. Over 2,000 adverse reactions were reported on, and the authors regard this as a conservative estimate. Although many clinicians feel that the number of adverse LSD reactions is decreasing, the data reported here indicate a substantial increase from the first six-month period to the third.
In Vitro Biocompatibility of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Sensory Neurons
Authors: Karen M. Gladwin, Raymond L. D. Whitby, Sergey V. Mikhalovsky, Paul Tomlins, Jimi Adu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) possess unique properties rendering them a potentially useful biomaterial for neurobiological applications such as providing nanoscale contact‐guidance cues for directing axon growth within peripheral nerve repair scaffolds. The in vitro biocompatibility of MWCNTs with postnatal mouse spinal sensory neurons was assessed for this application. Cell culture medium conditioned with MWCNTs was not significantly toxic to dissociated cultures of postnatal mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. However, exposure of DRG neurons to MWCNTs dispersed in culture medium resulted in a time‐ and dose‐dependent reduction in neuronal viability. At 250 μg mL −1 , dispersed MWCNTs caused significant neuronal death and unusual neurite morphologies illustrated by immunofluorescent labelling of the cytoskeletal protein beta (III) tubulin, however, at a dose of 5 μg mL −1 MWCNTs were nontoxic over a 14‐day period. DRG neurons grown on fabricated MWCNT substrates produced neurite outgrowths with abnormal morphologies that were significantly inferior in length to neurons grown on the control substrate laminin. This evidence demonstrates that to be utilized as a biomaterial in tissue scaffolds for nerve repair, MWCNTs will require robust surface modification to enhance biocompatibility and growth promoting properties.
Ivy Cells: A Population of Nitric-Oxide-Producing, Slow-Spiking GABAergic Neurons and Their Involvement in Hippocampal Network Activity
Authors: Pablo Fuentealba, Rahima Begum, Marco Capogna, Shozo Jinno, László F. Márton, Jozsef Csicsvari, Alex Thomson, Peter Somogyi, Thomas Klausberger
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Influence of diet on flatus volume in human subjects
Authors: P. J. Davies
Journal: Gut (1971)

Ten flatulent but otherwise healthy subjects were studied while consuming two or three different diets. Flatus collections showed that a bean-containing, high crude-fibre diet produced more flatus (mean 49·4 ml/hr) than either a diet with a restricted crude-fibre content (mean 26·7 ml/hr) or a liquid chemically defined diet (mean 10·9 ml/hr). There was a close correlation between the crude-fibre content of the diet and the production of flatus. The results are consistent with the conclusion that flatus is not the result of swallowing air, but arises mainly from bacterial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrate, eg, cellulose, passing into the colon.