tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of the effectiveness of planned short hospital stays for mental health care
Authors: P. Johnstone, G. Zolese
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<b>Objective</b>: To determine the effectiveness of planned short hospital stays versus standard care for people with serious mental illness. <b>Design</b>: Systematic review of all randomised controlled trials comparing planned short hospital stay versus long hospital stay or standard care for people with serious mental illness. <b>Subjects</b>: Four trials enrolled 628 patients. <b>Main outcomes measures</b>: Relapse; readmission; death (suicides and all causes); violent incidents (self, others, property); lost to follow up; premature discharge; delayed discharge; mental state (not improved); social functioning; patient satisfaction, quality of life, self esteem, and psychological wellbeing; family burden; imprisonment; employment status; independent living; total cost of care; and average length of hospital stay. <b>Results</b>: Patients allocated to planned short hospital stays had no more readmissions (in four trials, odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 1.29 with no heterogeneity between trials), no more losses to follow up (in three trials of 404 patients, 1.09, 0.62 to 1.91 with no heterogeneity between trials), and more successful discharges on time (in three trials of 404 patients, 0.47, 0.27 to 0.85) than patients allocated long hospital stays or standard care. Some evidence showed that patients allocated planned short hospital stay were no more likely to leave hospital prematurely and had a greater chance of being employed than those allocated long hospital stay or standard care. Data on mental, social, and family outcomes could not be summated, and there were few or no data on patient satisfaction, deaths, violence, criminal behaviour, and costs. <b>Conclusion</b>: The effectiveness of care in mental hospitals is important to patients, carers, and policy makers. Despite inadequacies in the data, this review suggests that planned short hospital stays do not encourage a "revolving door" pattern of care for people with serious mental illness and may be more effective than standard care. Further pragmatic trials are needed on the most effective organisation and delivery of care in mental hospitals.
Evidence That Early Extrapyramidal Symptoms Predict Later Tardive Dyskinesia: A Prospective Analysis of 10,000 Patients in the European Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) Study
Authors: Diederik E. Tenback, Peter N. van Harten, Cees J. Slooff, Jim van Os
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: This study examined whether extrapyramidal symptoms predict incidence of tardive dyskinesia 1 year later. Method: Simple, global measures were used to rate extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia in a prospective, observational health outcomes study. Baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month data on 9,298 patients were analyzed by using a Cox proportional-hazard model. Onset of tardive dyskinesia was examined in two groups: 1) no tardive dyskinesia at baseline (broad risk set) and 2) no tardive dyskinesia at baseline and 3 months (narrow risk set). Results: Baseline extrapyramidal symptoms predicted later onset of tardive dyskinesia (broad risk set: hazard ratio=2.0, narrow risk set: hazard ratio=1.6). In analyses adjusted for age, gender, and medication exposure, this effect size was not reduced. About half of patients who developed tardive dyskinesia had earlier extrapyramidal symptoms. Conclusions: Although the association of tardive dyskinesia and extrapyramidal symptoms is significant, extrapyramidal symptoms do not robustly identify individuals at high risk for tardive dyskinesia. However, drug regimens and disease processes that increase extrapyramidal symptoms are likely to result in increased risk of tardive dyskinesia.
A PROGRAM FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PSYCHOANALYTIC METHOD
Authors: Clarence O. Cheney, Carney Landis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1935)

It is proposed to select two groups of mental patients, each member of each group to be matched as nearly as possible with respect to age, sex, intellect, diagnosis, socio-economic status, etc., with a member of a second group. Both groups are to receive identical treatment, except that one group, the therapeutic, is to receive intensive psychoanalytic therapy. The other or control group is to receive little or no psychotherapy and no psychoanalytic therapy. Written statements of the condition of all patients at the beginning of the experiment, together with the probable prognosis, should be made. All patients should be followed for several years until the outcome of the therapy or lack of therapy is clear. From this study we should gain information concerning the diagnostic type, age, sex, intellectual status, etc., for which psychoanalysis is indicated or contra-indicated. The frequency of success and failure of the psychoanalytic therapy could be stated. A basis for the relative worth-whileness of the use of psychoanalytic therapy and methods in the mental hospitals could be made.
Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Jedd D. Wolchok, Harriet Kluger, Margaret K. Callahan, Michael A. Postow, Naiyer A. Rizvi, Alexander M. Lesokhin, Neil H. Segal, Charlotte E. Ariyan, Ruth-Ann Gordon, Kathleen Reed, Matthew M. Burke, Anne Caldwell, Stephanie A. Kronenberg, Blessing U. Agunwamba, Xiaoling Zhang, Israel Lowy, Hector David Inzunza, William Feely, Christine E. Horak, Quan Hong, Alan J. Korman, Jon M. Wigginton, Ashok Gupta, Mario Sznol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

In patients with melanoma, ipilimumab (an antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 [CTLA-4]) prolongs overall survival, and nivolumab (an antibody against the programmed death 1 [PD-1] receptor) produced durable tumor regression in a phase 1 trial. On the basis of their distinct immunologic mechanisms of action and supportive preclinical data, we conducted a phase 1 trial of nivolumab combined with ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma.We administered intravenous doses of nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients every 3 weeks for 4 doses, followed by nivolumab alone every 3 weeks for 4 doses (concurrent regimen). The combined treatment was subsequently administered every 12 weeks for up to 8 doses. In a sequenced regimen, patients previously treated with ipilimumab received nivolumab every 2 weeks for up to 48 doses.A total of 53 patients received concurrent therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab, and 33 received sequenced treatment. The objective-response rate (according to modified World Health Organization criteria) for all patients in the concurrent-regimen group was 40%. Evidence of clinical activity (conventional, unconfirmed, or immune-related response or stable disease for ≥24 weeks) was observed in 65% of patients. At the maximum doses that were associated with an acceptable level of adverse events (nivolumab at a dose of 1 mg per kilogram of body weight and ipilimumab at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram), 53% of patients had an objective response, all with tumor reduction of 80% or more. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events related to therapy occurred in 53% of patients in the concurrent-regimen group but were qualitatively similar to previous experience with monotherapy and were generally reversible. Among patients in the sequenced-regimen group, 18% had grade 3 or 4 adverse events related to therapy and the objective-response rate was 20%.Concurrent therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab had a manageable safety profile and provided clinical activity that appears to be distinct from that in published data on monotherapy, with rapid and deep tumor regression in a substantial proportion of patients. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01024231.).
What are the questionnaire items most useful in identifying subjects with occupational asthma?
Authors: O. Vandenplas, H. Ghezzo, X. Munoz, G. Moscato, L. Perfetti, C. Lemière, M. Labrecque, J. L'Archevêque, J-L. Malo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

The present study assessed the usefulness of key items obtained from a clinical “open” questionnaire prospectively administered to 212 subjects, referred to four tertiary-care hospitals for predicting the diagnosis of occupational asthma (OA). Of these subjects, 72 (34%) were diagnosed as OA (53% with OA due to high-molecular-weight agents) according to results of specific inhalation challenges, and 90 (42%) as non-OA. Wheezing at work occurred in 88% of subjects with OA and was the most specific symptom (85%). Nasal and eye symptoms were commonly associated symptoms. Wheezing, nasal and ocular itching at work were positively, and loss of voice negatively associated with the presence of OA in the case of high-, but not low molecular-weight agents. A prediction model based on responses to nasal itching, daily symptoms over the week at work, nasal secretions, absence of loss of voice, wheezing, and sputum, correctly predicted 156 out of 212 (74%) subjects according to the presence or absence of OA by final diagnosis. In conclusion, key items, i.e. wheezing, nasal and ocular itching and loss of voice, are satisfactorily associated with the presence of occupational asthma in subjects exposed to high-molecular-weight agents. Therefore, these should be addressed with high priority by physicians. However, no questionnaire-derived item is helpful in subjects exposed to low-molecular-weight agents.
Radium-223 Chloride: Extending Life in Prostate Cancer Patients by Treating Bone Metastases
Authors: Michel D. Wissing, Fijs W.B. van Leeuwen, Gabri van der Pluijm, Hans Gelderblom
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The treatment scope for patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is rapidly expanding. On May 15, 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved radium-223 chloride (223RaCl2) for the treatment of mCRPC patients whose metastases are limited to the bones. Radium-223 is an α-emitting alkaline earth metal ion, which, similar to calcium ions, accumulates in the bone. In a phase III study (ALSYMPCA), mCRPC patients with bone metastases received best standard-of-care treatment with placebo or 223RaCl2. At a prespecified interim analysis, the primary endpoint of median overall survival was significantly extended by 3.6 months in patients treated with radium-223 compared with placebo (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The radioisotope was well tolerated and gave limited bone marrow suppression. 223RaCl2 is the first bone-targeting antitumor therapy that received FDA approval based on a significant extended median overall survival. Further studies are required to optimize its dosing and to confirm its efficacy and safety in cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 19(21); 5822–7. ©2013 AACR.
Obesity-induced diabetes (diabesity) in C57BL/KsJ mice produces aberrant trans-regulation of sex steroid sulfotransferase genes.
Authors: E H Leiter, H D Chapman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The diabetes (db) gene is a recessive obesity mutation in the mouse capable of producing diabetes only through interaction with heretofore undefined modifiers in the genetic background of certain inbred strains. Here we identify the genetic map locations of androgen and estrogen sulfotransferase genes important in maintaining the balance of active sex steroids in the liver. The Std locus encoding dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase was mapped to proximal Chromosome 7, and the Ste locus encoding estrogen sulfotransferase was mapped to Chromosome 5. The db mutation in the diabetes-susceptible C57BL/KsJ strain aberrantly regulated mRNA transcript levels from these two loci. Hepatic Ste mRNA transcripts were increased from undetectable levels in normal males and females to high levels in db/db mice of both sexes. An anomalous suppression of Std transcription was observed in db/db females, but not in normal females. These reciprocal changes in mRNA concentrations in mutant females were reflected by an induction of a high affinity estrogen sulfotransferase activity and a concomitant loss of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase activity. These db gene-elicited effects were specific for the sex steroid sulfotransferases since other potential sex steroid metabolizing enzymes (phenol sulfotransferase, sex steroid sulfohydrolase, and UDP-glucuronyltransferase) were unaffected. These aberrant changes would virilize hepatic metabolism in females by increasing the ratio of active androgens to estrogens. In human females, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus often develops when visceral obesity and hyperinsulinemia are associated with hyperandrogenization. This study demonstrates that background modifier genes interacting deleteriously with an obesity mutation are not necessarily defective alleles. Rather, some are functional genes whose regulation has been altered by pleiotropic effects of the obesity gene.
Biochemical and biological characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. V. Identification of an interleukin 2-producing human leukemia T cell line.
Authors: S Gillis, J Watson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

To isolate a stable tumor cell line capable of producing human interleukin 2 (IL-2; formerly referred to as T cell growth factor), 16 human T and B leukemia cell lines were screened for constitutive and mitogen-stimulated IL-2 production. We found that the T cell leukemia line designated Jurkat-FHCRC produced &amp;gt; 200 U/ml of IL-2 activity after a 24-h stimulation with T cell mitogens. Peak mitogen-induced IL-2 activity was found in supernates harvested from 24-h Jurkat-FHCRC cell cultures stimulated with either 1% phytohemagglutinin or 20 microgram/ml concanavalin A. Addition of the fatty acid derivative phorbol myristate acetate to mitogen-stimulated cultures increased Jurkat-FHCRC IL-2 production to concentrations &amp;gt; 400 U/ml. IL-2 activity observed in such cases represented between 100--300 times that produced in conventional cultures of mitogen- or alloantigen-stimulated normal human peripheral blood or splenic lymphocytes. Jurkat-FHCRC-derived conditioned medium demonstrated equal capacity to promote the sustained in vitro proliferation of either murine or human activated T cell lines confirming the ability of Jurkat-FHCRC cells to produce human IL-2. These studies identify a new source of human IL-2 and establish a valuable reagent for the isolation and further molecular characterization of this immunoregulatory molecule.
Rapid Progression of Albumin Excretion Is an Independent Predictor of Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria
Authors: Angélique M.E. Spoelstra-de Man, Catherine B. Brouwer, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Yvo M. Smulders
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

In patients with type 2 diabetes, microalbuminuria is associated with an increase in predominantly cardiovascular mortality. Considerable interindividual variability in the rate of progression of microalbuminuria exists. The prognostic significance of rate of progression of microalbuminuria with regard to cardiovascular and renal clinical end points is, however, unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of rate of progression of microalbuminuria for cardiovascular end points and renal function.In a previous prospective cohort study, progression of microalbuminuria (expressed as mean yearly change in albumin-to-creatinine ratio) was assessed in 58 patients with type 2 diabetes. During a median follow-up of 7 years after progression of microalbuminuria was determined, we registered all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease mortality as primary end points and coronary heart disease (fatal or nonfatal), peripheral vascular disease, ischemic stroke, retinopathy, macroalbuminuria, and change in serum creatinine as secondary end points.Seven subjects died during the study; five of these subjects died of coronary heart disease. Cox's regression analysis identified progression of microalbuminuria as a significant predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.46 per point increase in albumin-to-creatinine ratio per year, P < 0.001), coronary heart disease mortality (hazard ratio 2.32, P = 0.006), and macroalbuminuria (hazard ratio 1.79, P < 0.001). Adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors did not affect these results. Identical analyses for baseline level of microalbuminuria instead of progression rate of microalbuminuria did not show significant hazard ratios. In addition, progression of microalbuminuria significantly predicted an increase in serum creatinine (r = 0.29, P = 0.04).In patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, the rate of progression of albumin excretion seems to be a powerful independent predictor of mortality caused mainly by coronary heart disease.
Fulminant hepatitis B virus: Recurrence after liver transplantation in two patients also infected with hepatitis delta virus
Authors: W A Marsman, R H Wiesner, K P Batts, J J Poterucha, M K Porayko, H G Niesters, P E Zondervan, R A Krom
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease is complicated by HBV recurrence and, consequently, poor patient and graft survival. Patients transplanted for hepatitis delta virus (HDV)-related cirrhosis are reported to have a diminished incidence of HBV recurrence and improved graft survival. However, only a few reported HDV-infected patients had active HBV replicative disease before liver transplantation. In our experience, we transplanted two HDV-infected patients, both of whom had active HBV replication before liver transplantation. In one patient, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) recurred four months after transplantation. Two months later, Hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) and HBV-DNA became positive, and the patient died of fulminant recurrent hepatitis B and hepatitis delta. In the other patient, HBV persisted after transplantation, and 2 months later the patient required retransplantation for fulminant recurrent hepatitis B and hepatitis delta. With the second graft, the patient remained free of HBV infection for 1 year. Thereafter, the patient experienced HBV recurrence with active replication and died of fulminant hepatitis B and delta recurrence. In the first case and in the second graft of the second case, hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) immunoprophylaxis was administered in an attempt to prevent recurrence of HBV. The literature suggests that an HDV infection inhibits the replication of HBV and therefore plays a role in preventing the recurrence of HBV and improving survival. Our experience with two patients suggests that HDV infection, in the presence of active HBV replication, may not play a protective role.
Ischaemic enterocolitis complicating idiopathic dysautonomia
Authors: J M Woodward, D S A Sanders, M R Keighley, R N Allan
Journal: Gut (1998)

A previously fit 23 year old adult male who presented with a sudden onset of profound autonomic neuropathy, for which no cause could be found, is described. The patient subsequently developed ischaemic enterocolitis that ultimately necessitated colectomy and subtotal enterectomy. Potential neural and humoral mechanisms are discussed.
In vitro growth rates of epidermal cells derived from the skin of psoriatic patients and non-psoriatic controls
Authors: M.R. WEST, K.J.A. KENICER, M.J.W. FAED
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article In vitro growth rates of epidermal cells derived from the skin of psoriatic patients and non‐psoriatic controls Get access M.R. WEST, M.R. WEST Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, U.K. Dr M.R. West, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.J.A. KENICER, K.J.A. KENICER Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J.W. FAED M.J.W. FAED Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 108, Issue 5, 1 May 1983, Pages 533–540, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb01053.x Published: 01 May 1983 Article history Accepted: 28 September 1982 Published: 01 May 1983
Improvement of Overall and Failure-Free Survival in Stage IV Follicular Lymphoma: 25 Years of Treatment Experience at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Authors: Qi Liu, Luis Fayad, Fernando Cabanillas, Fredrick B. Hagemeister, Gregory D. Ayers, Mark Hess, Jorge Romaguera, M. Alma Rodriguez, Apostolia M. Tsimberidou, Srdan Verstovsek, Anas Younes, Barbara Pro, Ming-Sheng Lee, Ana Ayala, Peter McLaughlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Advanced-stage follicular lymphoma is considered incurable. The pace of improvements in treatment has been slow. This article analyzes five sequential cohorts of patients with stage IV follicular lymphoma treated between 1972 and 2002.Five consecutive studies (two were randomized trials) involving 580 patients were analyzed for overall survival (OS), failure-free survival (FFS), and survival after first relapse. A proportional hazards analysis, and subset analyses using the follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) score were performed. Treatment regimens included: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, bleomycin (CHOP-Bleo); CHOP-Bleo followed by interferon alfa (IFN-alpha); a rotation of three regimens (alternating triple therapy), followed by IFN-alpha; fludarabine, mitoxantrone, dexamethasone (FND) followed by IFN-alpha; and FND plus delayed versus concurrent rituximab followed by IFN-alpha.Improvements in 5-year OS (from 64% to 95%) and FFS (from 29% to 60%) indicate steady progress, perhaps partly due to more effective salvage therapies, but the FFS data also indicate improved front-line therapies; these observations held true after controlling for differences in prognostic factors among the cohorts. The FLIPI model adds rigor to and facilitates comparisons among the different cohorts. An unexpected finding in this study was a trend toward an apparent FFS plateau.Evolving therapy, including the incorporation of biologic agents, has led to stepwise significant outcome improvements for patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma. The apparent plateau in the FFS curve, starting approximately 8 to 10 years from the beginning of treatment, raises the issue of the potential curability of these patients.