tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clonality of Pulmonary Metastases From the Bladder 6 Subline of the B16 Melanoma Studied by Southern Hybridization
Authors: J. E. Talmadge, B. Zbar
 4
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

The possible clonal origin of pulmonary metastases from the bladder 6 subline of the B16 melanoma (B16-BL6) was evaluated with the use of the technique of Southern hybridization. Genetic markers were introduced into B16-BL6 cells by the transfection of a plasmid containing a bacterial gene. Genetic markers were detected by hybridizing DNA extracted from tumors with a 32P-labeled bacterial gene. Clones containing unique genetic markers were mixed and injected into the footpads of normal syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Footpad tumors were amputated when they were 1 cm in diameter. Individual pulmonary metastases were harvested and expanded by implantation in nude mice. Although footpad tumors contained both genetic markers, virtually all (13/15) pulmonary metastases contained single unique genetic markers. Pulmonary metastases of both marker types were identified. Two examples of pulmonary metastases of mixed origin were detected. The Southern hybridization technique was sufficiently sensitive to detect a clone that was present at 5% of the total cell population.
Does the National Health Service want Hospital-at-Home?
Authors: Naomi J Fulop, Sonja Hood, Sharon Parsons
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1997)

There has been increasing interest in the development of hospital-at-home within the National Health Service (NHS) as a way of shifting resources from secondary to primary care. We describe the development of hospital-at-home schemes in London and draw on data from an evaluation of five such schemes to discuss support for hospital-at-home within the NHS. The study has identified a small but important group of patients who do not want hospital-at-home, as well as resistance to it from some health care professionals and managers, particularly in hospitals. These organizational issues must be taken into account in any evaluation of hospital-at-home, along with issues of quality, outcome and cost. Feasibility studies are needed to identify possible organizational barriers to hospital-at-home and the development work that is required. This service innovation should not be considered in isolation from other services, but rather within the context of a wider debate about the pattern of acute care.
Psoriasis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: R. Bobotsis, W.P. Gulliver, K. Monaghan, C. Lynde, P. Fleming
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder with significant physical and psychological sequelae. The majority of individuals experience disease onset in early adult life - for women this often occurs during their reproductive years. While some autoimmune diseases have been shown to affect pregnancy outcomes adversely, such a relationship has not been well studied in psoriasis. We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane database for published articles examining psoriasis and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and included observational studies and clinical trials evaluating direct measures of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Four of the nine included articles reported a statistically significant increase in the risk of at least one outcome, including spontaneous abortion, caesarean delivery, low birth weight, macrosomia, large-for-gestational age, and a composite outcome consisting of both prematurity and low birth weight. However, these associations were not always consistent across studies. Overall, there was no clear evidence of increased adverse outcomes in pregnant women with psoriasis.
Phase II study of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy in patients with inoperable biliary tract cancer
Authors: H. Kim, S. Lee, S. Bae, C. Kim, N. Lee, K. Lee, S. Park, J. Won, D. Hong, H. Park
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15536 Background: The prognosis for patients with inoperable biliary tract cancer (BTC) is poor and many patients are candidates for palliative systemic chemotherapy. However, the role of systemic chemotherapy in advanced BTC is very limited. Methods: This non-randomized phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2/d IV given as a 100-minute infusion on day 1 and oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2/d IV as a 2-hour infusion on day 2 as first-line chemotherapy in patients with inoperable BTC. These treatments were repeated every 2 weeks until disease progression and the response was evaluated every four cycles. Eligible patients were those with histologically proven, inoperable BTC, measurable or evaluable lesions, age over 18 years, a performance status 0–2, no prior chemotherapy, and signed written informed consent. Results: From Sep 2006 to Oct 2007, 40 patients were enrolled prospectively. The median age was 64 years (41–81) and the male:female ratio was 17:23. In total, 261 cycles were administered with a median of four cycles (1–18) per patient. All patients were evaluable in terms of toxicity and 37 patients were evaluable in terms of treatment response. The remaining three patients could not be assessed as two patients died (one from asphyxia and one from an unknown cause) and one patient refused further treatment after a femoral neck fracture. The average relative dose intensities of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin were 0.92 and 0.93 respectively. Within a median follow-up duration of 8.3 months (1.9–15.4), the objective response rate was 15.0% (95% CI 3.4–26.6) with no CR and 6 PRs. The disease control rate was 52.5% (95% CI 36.3–68.7) including 15 patients with stable disease. The median overall survival was 9.7 months (95% CI 8.3–11.1) and the time to progression was 4.0 months (95% CI 0.9–7.0). For the 261 cycles, observed grade 3/4 toxicity included neutropenia (5%), thrombocytopenia (2.3%), nausea (1.1%), diarrhea (1.5%), and fatigue (1.9%). Grade 3/4 pulmonary thromboembolism developed in three cycles, but the relationship with chemotherapy was not clear. Conclusions: Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy had moderate anti-tumor activity and was well tolerated as a first-line treatment for patients with inoperable BTC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Role of CD20 expression and other pre-treatment risk factors in the development of infusion-related reactions in patients with CLL treated with obinutuzumab
Authors: C L Freeman, M Dixon, R Houghton, K-A Kreuzer, G Fingerle-Rowson, M Herling, K Humphrey, S Böttcher, C S de Costa, V Iglesias, S Stilgenbauer, J Gribben, M Hallek, V Goede
Journal: Leukemia (2016)

Role of CD20 expression and other pre-treatment risk factors in the development of infusion-related reactions in patients with CLL treated with obinutuzumab
Review: Mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality in women at average risk
Authors: Joann G. Elmore
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

ACP Journal Club15 March 2016Review: Mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality in women at average riskJoann G. Elmore, MD, MPHJoann G. Elmore, MD, MPHUniversity of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA (J.G.E.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2016-164-6-026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMyers ER, Moorman P, Gierisch JM, et al. Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015;314:1615-34. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26501537Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: References1 Pace LE, Keating NL. A systematic assessment of benefits and risks to guide breast cancer screening decisions. JAMA. 2014;311:1327-35. [PMID: 24691608] Google Scholar2 Mandelblatt JS, Stout NK, Schechter CB, et al. Collaborative modeling of the benefits and harms associated with different U.S. breast cancer screening strategies. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]. [PMID: 26756606] Google Scholar3 Elmore J. Screening for breast cancer: strategies and recommendations. In: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA. (accessed 14 Jan 2016.) Google Scholar4 Alston C, Paget L, Halvorson G, et al. Communicating with patients on health care evidence. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine; 2012. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA (J.G.E.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 March 2016. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byContrast-enhanced Mammography: Current Applications and Future DirectionsEffects of program scale-up on time to resolution for patients with abnormal screening mammography resultsDépistage du cancer du sein : en route vers le futur 15 March 2016Volume 164, Issue 6Page: JC26KeywordsBreast cancerBreast cancer screeningCancer screeningCohort studiesMammographyMedical risk factorsMortalityOdds ratioRelative riskSystematic reviews ePublished: 15 March 2016 Issue Published: 15 March 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
High outpatient pain intensity scores predict impending hospital admissions in a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: N. D. Wagner-Johnston, K. A. Carson, S. A. Grossman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20525 Background: This retrospective review was designed to determine if high pain intensity scores (PIS) can be used to identify outpatients at high risk for hospital admission. Methods: Categorical PIS (0–10) are obtained with each outpatient visit at the Johns Hopkins Comprehensive Cancer Center and stored in an electronic database. PIS from all outpatient medical and radiation oncology encounters from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2006 were merged with an inpatient database to screen for admissions that occurred within 30 days of the outpatient encounter. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize age, gender, diagnosis and admissions. PIS were categorized as 0–3, 4- 6, and 7–10. Odds ratios (OR) for hospital admission were calculated using logistic regression and two-sided p values are reported. Results: 119,069 outpatient visits were assessed with 116,713 (98%) being evaluable encounters. 5183 (4.4%) encounters had PIS of 7–10 and 29% of these were associated with hospital admission within 30 days. Encounters with PIS of 7–10 and 4–6 were 247% and 77% more likely to result in hospital admission within 30 days compared to encounters with PIS < 4 (p< 0.0001). Adjusting for pain score and diagnosis, patients 0 to 46 yrs old were more likely to be admitted to the hospital than patients >70 yrs (OR 1.38). The percentage of hospital admissions following encounters with PIS of 7–10 was highest in patients with melanoma (58%), sarcoma (42%), female genital (39%), and upper aerodigestive (36%) cancers. Conclusions: PIS identify outpatients with difficult to manage pain or an unstable clinical condition. This study documents that outpatients with PIS of 7–10 are at very high risk for hospital admission within 30 days. Older patients appear less likely to be admitted than younger patients with comparable PIS. Outpatients with cancer and high PIS should be targeted for early supportive care interventions which have the potential to improve quality of life and reduce hospitalizations in this high risk population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Comparison of Assesment of Imaging Response with Magnetic Resonance (MR) and 18fdg-PET/TC in Multiple Myeloma (MM). Single Centre Experience
Authors: Adrian Alegre, Beatriz Aguado, Miriam González-Pardo, Evelyn Acuña, Álvaro Arriero, Maria Aragonés, Lourdes Del Campo, S Llorente, Elena Ocón, Nieves Gómez León
Journal: Blood (2014)
Elevation of immunoreactive CSF TRH in depressed patients
Authors: C M Banki, G Bissette, M Arato, C B Nemeroff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The concentration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a tripeptide (pyroglutamylhistidylprolin-amide), in the CSF of drug-free patients with DSM-III major depression, somatization disorder, and peripheral neurological disorders was measured with a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. The depressed patients had markedly higher CSF TRH concentrations than the other patient groups, and this finding could not be attributed to any demographic variables. The elevation of TRH in CSF provides further evidence of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid dysfunction in depression.
The Prosurvival IKK-Related Kinase IKKϵ Integrates LPS and IL17A Signaling Cascades to Promote Wnt-Dependent Tumor Development in the Intestine
Authors: Serkan Ismail Göktuna, Kateryna Shostak, Tieu-Lan Chau, Lukas C. Heukamp, Benoit Hennuy, Hong-Quan Duong, Aurélie Ladang, Pierre Close, Iva Klevernic, Fabrice Olivier, Alexandra Florin, Grégory Ehx, Frédéric Baron, Maud Vandereyken, Souad Rahmouni, Lars Vereecke, Geert van Loo, Reinhard Büttner, Florian R. Greten, Alain Chariot
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Constitutive Wnt signaling promotes intestinal cell proliferation, but signals from the tumor microenvironment are also required to support cancer development. The role that signaling proteins play to establish a tumor microenvironment has not been extensively studied. Therefore, we assessed the role of the proinflammatory Ikk-related kinase Ikkε in Wnt-driven tumor development. We found that Ikkε was activated in intestinal tumors forming upon loss of the tumor suppressor Apc Genetic ablation of Ikkε in β-catenin-driven models of intestinal cancer reduced tumor incidence and consequently extended survival. Mechanistically, we attributed the tumor-promoting effects of Ikkε to limited TNF-dependent apoptosis in transformed intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, Ikkε was also required for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IL17A-induced activation of Akt, Mek1/2, Erk1/2, and Msk1. Accordingly, genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and anti-microbial peptides were downregulated in Ikkε-deficient tissues, subsequently affecting the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and IL17A synthesis. Further studies revealed that IL17A synergized with commensal bacteria to trigger Ikkε phosphorylation in transformed intestinal epithelial cells, establishing a positive feedback loop to support tumor development. Therefore, TNF, LPS, and IL17A-dependent signaling pathways converge on Ikkε to promote cell survival and to establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment in the intestine upon constitutive Wnt activation. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2587-99. ©2016 AACR.
International Standard for Stretchers
Authors: R. T. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1948)

In the early days of the Geneva Committee for Aid to the Wounded, the historic forerunner of the International Red Cross Committee, its founders had emphasized the importance of the exchange of ideas and of close co-operation with the medical services of the various Powers.The' objectives which exercised Henri Dunant, in particular, included improvement in the means of transport of thse wounded, the universal adoption of approved methods of treatment, and the institution of a "veritable museum " of military equipment.Again, Dr. Appia, another of the five famous men who founded the Geneva Committee, made two cogent suggestions in this sense: first, that a collection be
A phase II, randomized, open-label study evaluating the antitumor activity of MEDI-522, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the human alpha v beta 3 (avb3) integrin, ± dacarbazine (DTIC) in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM)
Authors: P. Hersey, J. Sosman, S. O’Day, J. Richards, A. Bedikian, R. Gonzalez, W. Sharfman, R. Weber, T. Logan, J. M. Kirkwood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7507 Background: MEDI-522 targets integrin avb3, which plays a critical role in angiogenesis, bone resorption, tumor growth and metastasis and is highly expressed in MM. Methods: This multicenter, non-comparative study explored the antitumor activity and safety of MEDI-522 (8 mg/kg/week) with or without DTIC (1000 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks) in patients (pts) with Stage IV MM. Eligibility included ECOG 0/1 and no prior therapy for MM except adjuvant immunotherapy. Treatment was until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or other reasons for pt withdrawal, or until the end of the study. Tumor was assessed after every 2 treatment cycles. Antitumor endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), early disease progression rate (EDPR) at first tumor assessment, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Stratification was by site of distant metastasis. Results: 112 patients (57 to MEDI-522 [Arm 1] and 55 to MEDI-522 + DTIC [Arm 2]) were randomized between 09/03–05/04. Median age was 59 years, M/F (68%/32%), ECOG 0/1 (79%/21%), and Stage IV M1a/M1b/M1c (10%/30%/60%). Most adverse events (AEs) were Grade 1/2. Grade ≥3 AEs occurred in 21 (37%) pts in Arm 1 and 26 (48%) pts in Arm 2. MEDI-522-related deaths (myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism) occurred in 2 pts, 1 pt in each arm. Most common Grade 3/4 AEs in Arm 2 were hematologic (17% neutropenia, 9% thrombocytopenia, and 6% each for anemia/leukopenia). 1 (2%) pt in Arm 1 had Grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Arm 1: ORR was 0%, EDPR was 49%, and median PFS was 1.4 months. Arm 2: ORR was 13%, EDPR was 38%, and median PFS was 2.6 months. Based on ongoing follow-up, approximately 70% of pts are alive at 6 months in each arm; median follow-up is 8 months. Conclusions: MEDI-522 with or without DTIC appears well tolerated. The preliminary OS results in both arms suggest potential clinical activity of MEDI-522 ± DTIC in MM. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration MedImmune Chiron, MedImmune MedImmune (clinical trial - research contract; not to myself)
Lack of Immunomodulatory Interleukin-27 Enhances Oncogenic Properties of Mutant p53 <i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: Denada Dibra, Abhisek Mitra, Melisa Newman, Xueqing Xia, Jeffry J. Cutrera, Mihai Gagea, Eugenie S. Kleinerman, Guillermina Lozano, Shulin Li
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: p53 is mutated in about 50% of human cancers, mostly through missense mutations. Expression of mutant p53 is associated with poor clinical outcomes or metastasis. Although mutant p53 is inherently instable, various stressors such as DNA damage or expression of the oncogenic Kras or c-myc affect the oncogenic properties of mutant p53. However, the effects of inflammation on mutant p53 are largely unknown. IL27 is an important immunomodulatory cytokine, but its impact on mutant p53-driven tumorigenesis has not been reported. Experimental Design: IL27RA−/− mice were bred with mutant p53 heterozygous (p53R172H/+) mice to obtain IL27RA−/−p53H/+ and IL27RA−/−p53H/H mice. Mouse survival and tumor spectra for the cohort were analyzed. Stability of p53 protein was analyzed via IHC and Western blot analysis. Results: This study unraveled that lack of IL27 signaling significantly shortened the survival duration of mice with tumors expressing both copies of the mutant p53 gene (Li-Fraumeni mouse model). Interestingly, in mice that were heterozygous for mutant p53, lack of IL27 signaling not only significantly shortened survival time but also doubled the incidence of osteosarcomas. Furthermore, lack of IL27 signaling is closely associated with increased mutant p53 stability in vivo from early age. Conclusions: These results suggest that IL27 signaling modulates the oncogenic properties of mutant p53 in vivo. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3876–83. ©2016 AACR.
Limits of Seat-Belt Protection During Crash Decelerations
Authors: G M BRUGGINK, D J SCHNEIDER
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intensity modulated radiotherapy in high grade gliomas: Clinical and dosimetric results
Authors: A. Narayana, J. Yamada, M. Hunt, P. Shah, P. Gutin, S. A. Leibel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1532 Background: Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) is an emerging treatment for brain tumors, but there is very little clinical or dosimetric data on doses and outcomes from IMRT treatment for malignant gliomas. This study reports the preliminary data with IMRT in these tumors. Methods: Sixty six consecutive high grade gliomas were treated between January 2001 and December 2003 with dynamic multileaf collimator IMRT with inverse planning. A dose of 59.4–60Gy using 1.8–2.0 Gy per fraction was delivered. 3–5 non-coplanar beams were used for the IMRT plan to cover at least 95% of the target volume with the prescription isodose line. Glioblastoma accounted for 62% of the cases and oligodendroglioma histology (pure or mixed) was seen in 16.7% of the cases. Surgery was restricted to biopsy only in 26% of the patients. 80% of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: With a median follow-up of 18 months, 85% of the patients have relapsed. The median disease free survival for anaplastic glioma and glioblastoma were 5.6 and 2.5 months. The median overall survival for the anaplastic glioma and glioblastoma histologies were 16.5 and 10.6 months respectively. 96% of the recurrences were local. No grade IV delayed neurological toxicities were noted. A comparative dosimetric analysis revealed that regardless of tumor location, IMRT did not improve target coverage compared to conventional 3-dimensional treatment planning. However, the use of IMRT resulted in a decreased dose to spinal cord, optic chiasm and brain stem by 19%, 4.5% and 8% respectively due to its improved dose conformality. Use of IMRT did not result in an increase of the dose received by the normal brain. Conclusions: Use of IMRT did not increase either the disease free survival or the overall survival in patients with malignant gliomas when compared to historical controls. It is unlikely that IMRT will improve the local control in high grade gliomas without further dose escalation. However, it may result in decreased late toxicities associated with radiation therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Almost three million hospital bed days have been lost through social care cuts, charity warns
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Almost three million hospital bed days were lost from June 2010 to January 2016 because of a lack of social care provision for people being discharged from hospital, a report from the charity Age UK has found.

The report,1 published to coincide with the chancellor’s annual budget announcement, estimated that 2 998 273 bed days were …