tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postinfarction Survival and Inducibility of Ventricular Arrhythmias in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Tan Nguyen, Elias El Salibi, Jean L. Rouleau
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have been found to have greater peri-infarction and postinfarction mortality. In this study, we evaluated the postinfarction survival, susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias, and degree of LVH and cardiac fibrosis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the effects of the ACE inhibitor ramipril and the direct vasodilator hydralazine on these characteristics. Methods and Results —An acute myocardial infarction (MI) was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats were randomized to either control (n=50), hydralazine (n=41), or ramipril (n=45). Treatments were started 4 hours after infarction and continued for 8 weeks. Ramipril and hydralazine reduced arterial pressure similarly. Medications were stopped 72 hours before euthanasia, at which time hemodynamic, programmed electrophysiological stimulation (PES), and morphological studies were performed. Mortality was decreased in ramipril (56%) compared with hydralazine (78%) and control (82%) SHRs ( P =0.008). This was accompanied by a decrease in myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and a decrease in inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias by PES in the ramipril group regardless of MI size. Treatment with hydralazine had little or no effect on LVH and cardiac fibrosis and did not modify inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias by PES. Ramipril but not hydralazine prevented the increase in LV end-diastolic pressure in rats with large MIs. Conclusions —In the SHR, the ACE inhibitor ramipril reduces LVH, cardiac fibrosis, and susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias by PES and improves survival and LV function. Despite a similar decrease in arterial pressure, hydralazine does not have these beneficial effects.
Nonexocytotic release of endogenous noradrenaline in the ischemic and anoxic rat heart: mechanism and metabolic requirements.
Authors: A Schömig, S Fischer, T Kurz, G Richardt, E Schömig
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The release of endogenous noradrenaline and its deaminated metabolite dihydroxyphenylglycol in the myocardium have been studied in the isolated perfused heart of the rat subjected to three models of energy depletion: ischemia, anoxia, and cyanide intoxication. Anoxia and cyanide intoxication were combined with substrate deficiency at constant perfusion flow. All three energy-depleting procedures caused a similar overflow of noradrenaline which, following a constant delay of 10 minutes without increased release, amounted to more than 25% of total heart content within 40 minutes. This noradrenaline overflow was not diminished in the absence of extracellular calcium and was inhibited by the uptake1 blocker desipramine in all three experimental models, indicating a common and nonexocytotic release mechanism. In the presence of glucose, neither anoxia nor cyanide intoxication resulted in a measurable noradrenaline overflow. Conversely, blockade of glycolysis or glucose depletion prior to ischemia or cyanide poisoning accelerated the noradrenaline overflow, demonstrating a key role of the sympathetic nerve cells' energy status in causing nonexocytotic catecholamine release. Blockade of energy metabolism in the presence of oxygen (cyanide model) resulted in the overflow of high amounts of dihydroxyphenylglycol that was not inhibited by uptake1 blockade. The release of the lipophilic dihydroxyphenylglycol by diffusion reflects deamination of axoplasmic noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase. Since saturation of the enzyme could be excluded in this model dihydroxyphenylglycol release can be taken as a mirror of cytoplasmic noradrenaline concentration. The results obtained by these studies indicate that nonexocytotic catecholamine release is a two-step process induced by energy deficiency in the sympathetic varicosity. In a first step, noradrenaline is lost from storage vesicles, resulting in increasing axoplasmic concentrations. The second step is the rate-limiting transport of intracellular noradrenaline across the cell membrane by the uptake1 carrier that has reversed its normal net transport direction.
Initial risk class and length of hospital stay in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: R. Menéndez, D. Ferrando, J.M. Vallés, E. Martínez, M. Perpiñá
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The total medical costs of community-acquired pneumonia are directly related to the costs of hospital admission and length of stay. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reasons for prolonged duration of stay in patients stratified in five risk classes for death, and to identify factors associated with prolonged stay. The study population consisted of 295 patients. According to lower (classes I, II, III) or to higher (classes IV, V) risk, the target duration of hospitalization was set at 5 and 7 days, respectively. The causes of prolonged hospitalization were classified as pneumonia-related, complications, unstable comorbid diseases and nonclinical factors. The overall percentage of patients with appropriate duration of hospitalization was 32%. Causes of prolonged hospitalization were related mainly to pneumonia (32%) from all risk classes. Morbid complications and instability of the underlying illness were greater in class V patients. Nonclinical factors were present in 29.5% of cases. Hypoxaemia, anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and complications appearing before 72 h were associated with prolonged hospitalization. The cause of prolonged hospitalization of patients with community-acquired pneumonia is multifactorial, depending mainly on pneumonia and comorbid conditions but there is a large number of unnecessary hospitalization days that could be reduced by improving the efficiency of hospital care.
Reverse Transcriptase and High Molecular Weight RNA in Particles From Mouse and Human Milk&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J Schlom, S Spiegelman, D H Moore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Reverse Transcriptase and High Molecular Weight RNA in Particles From Mouse and Human Milk Get access Jeffery Schlom, Jeffery Schlom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Spiegelman, S. Spiegelman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dan H. Moore Dan H. Moore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 4, April 1972, Pages 1197–1203, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.4.1197 Published: 01 April 1972
Induction of Hepatomas by 4-Aminobiphenyl and Three of Its Hydroxylated Derivatives Administered to Newborn Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. W. Gorrod, R. L. Carter, F. J. C. Roe
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Groups of approximately 25 male and 25 female Swiss mice received injections of 200 μg 4-aminobiphenyl, 4-amino-3-hydroxybiphenyl, 4-hydroxylaminobiphenyl, or 4-amino-4′-hydroxybiphenyl on each of the first 3 days of life. The materials were injected as solutions/ suspensions in 3% aqueous gelatin. A large control group was treated with the vehicle only and a further control group left untreated. As a positive control, 20 μg of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was injected into 49 newborn mice on each of the first 3 days of life. In males, a marked and significant increase in the incidence of hepatomas above the control level was seen in response to 4-aminobiphenyl itself and to each of its three derivatives. In females, a slight but probably significant increase was noted in response to three of the test compounds, but not to 4-amino-3-hydroxybiphenyl. In neither sex was there an increase in the incidence of neoplasms at other sites. DMBA-treated mice of both sexes developed, as expected, pulmonary tumors (59%) and lymphomas (14%). In addition, a high incidence of hepatomas was recorded in the males, but none in the females. The results with regard to the four test substances are of interest because tests for carcinogenicity in other systems have given negative results and because the liver is the sole target organ. Further investigation of the difference in response of the two sexes to neonatally injected carcinogens is overdue. The results suggest that no evaluation of carcinogenicity may be complete unless it includes tests in neonates.
EFFECT OF TIME DELAYS ON OUTCOMES OF ACUTE LIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors: Hong H. Keo, Sue Duval, Iris Baumgartner, Niki C. Oldenburg, Michael R. Jaff, James M. Peacock, Alexander S. Tretinyak, Adnan Z. Rizvi, Timothy D. Henry, M. Darragh Flannery, Yale L. Wang, Peter B. Alden, Alan T. Hirsch, None on behalf of the FRIENDS Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Expression and Function of Leptin Receptor Isoforms in Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Proliferative and Anti-Apoptotic Activities
Authors: Marina Konopleva, Adel Mikhail, Zeev Estrov, Shourong Zhao, David Harris, Gisela Sanchez-Williams, Steven M. Kornblau, Joan Dong, Kay-Oliver Kliche, Shuwei Jiang, H. Ralph Snodgrass, Elihu H. Estey, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Blood (1999)
Recurrence of First-Episode Geriatric Depression After Discontinuation of Maintenance Antidepressants
Authors: Alastair J. Flint, Sandra L. Rifat
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Later age at onset of depression appears to be a risk factor for early recurrence. Therefore, the authors examined the 2-year outcomes of elderly patients with first-episode major depression following discontinuation of their maintenance antidepressant medication.The study group consisted of 21 elderly patients who had recovered from a first lifetime episode of major depression. They had taken maintenance antidepressant medication for 2 years and had not had a relapse or recurrence during that time. The antidepressant was then withdrawn, and patients were followed for another 2 years or until recurrence, whichever occurred first.The cumulative probability of suffering a recurrence of major depression was 61%. Eleven of the 12 patients who suffered a recurrence restarted the antidepressant, and 10 responded.Elderly patients with first-episode major depression were at high risk of recurrence following discontinuation of maintenance antidepressant medication. However, the vast majority of patients who experienced a recurrence responded to reinstated treatment.
John Edward Parry
Authors: Rex Parry
Journal: BMJ (2015)

John Edward Parry was the son of Reverend Reg and Mary Parry, originally from Liverpool, and brother to Rex and Elsie. He was born in Oldham, Lancashire, but the family moved to Blackburn before he started school. During Reg Parry’s Ministries at Chapel Street, Blackburn and Clapton Park (East London) Congregational Churches, John attended Queen Elizabeth’s Grammar School, Blackburn, and Hackney Downs Secondary School in east London. When the second world war broke out he was evacuated for a time to Wisbech, Cambridgeshire.

John was active in the Scouts and credited it with giving him practical skills and a love of song and dance performances. Like his whole family, he was very active in the Congregational Church, including making a visit to America in 1946 on behalf of the Church. John actively espoused the values of the Church and its London Missionary Society and felt called by God to follow the path of his hero, the missionary explorer David Livingstone, to serve as a missionary doctor in Africa. To achieve his goal, John took degrees in medicine and surgery at Manchester University, studied theology at the Congregational Church’s Lancashire College, and was ordained in the Church in 1948. He later obtained a diploma in tropical medicine and hygiene from Liverpool University. 

In 1948 while serving as a house surgeon (then as assistant surgical registrar) at Bolton Royal Infirmary in preparation for practising medicine in Africa, he married Freda Carter of Horwich, Lancashire, a theatre sister at the same infirmary. She willingly joined in with his plan to live and work in Northern Rhodesia. Dr Morton had retired from Mbereshi Hospital in 1946, …
NHS managers, deputising, FPCs, and early retirement
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Mrs Renee Short, Labour MP for Wolverhampton North East, claims to be pleased with the result, which probably augurs ill for what Mr Roy Griffiths had in mind, since, as the hearings of the committee showed, she is no friend to the plan to introduce managers to the NHS.But there were some on the committee who were impressed with Mr Griffiths, if a little taken aback by the fact that when Mr Norman Fowler,
Effects of Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids on Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Insulin-Resistant Humans
Authors: Antigoni Z. Lalia, Matthew L. Johnson, Michael D. Jensen, Kazanna C. Hames, John D. Port, Ian R. Lanza
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), prevent insulin resistance and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in rodents, but the findings of translational studies in humans are thus far ambiguous. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of EPA and DHA on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and muscle mitochondrial function in insulin-resistant, nondiabetic humans using a robust study design and gold-standard measurements. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-one insulin-resistant adults received 3.9 g/day EPA+DHA or placebo for 6 months in a randomized double-blind study. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with somatostatin was used to assess hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Postprandial glucose disposal and insulin secretion were measured after a meal. Measurements were performed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Abdominal fat distribution was evaluated by MRI. Muscle oxidative capacity was measured in isolated mitochondria using high-resolution respirometry and noninvasively by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Compared with placebo, EPA+DHA did not alter peripheral insulin sensitivity, postprandial glucose disposal, or insulin secretion. Hepatic insulin sensitivity, determined from the suppression of endogenous glucose production by insulin, exhibited a small but significant improvement with EPA+DHA compared with placebo. Muscle mitochondrial function was unchanged by EPA+DHA or placebo. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that dietary EPA+DHA does not improve peripheral glucose disposal, insulin secretion, or skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in insulin-resistant nondiabetic humans. There was a modest improvement in hepatic insulin sensitivity with EPA+DHA, but this was not associated with any improvements in clinically meaningful outcomes.
Leucoderma treated by transplantation of a basal cell layer enriched suspension
Authors: None Olsson, None Juhlin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of a melanocyte-enriched cell suspension for the treatment of leucoderma. After removal of a superficial (4–30 cm2) skin sample, the cells were mechanically separated in a trypsin-EDTA solution, centrifuged and washed in a melanocyte medium. The melanocyte-enriched epidermal cell suspension devoid of stratum corneum and stratum granulosum was then applied to the dermabraded depigmented skin. The 26 patients treated had piebaldism (three), vitiligo vulgaris (17), segmental vitiligo (three), halo naevi (one), naevus depigmentosus (one) and chemical leucoderma (one). In patients with widespread piebaldism we found that by diluting the cell suspension the recipient area could be increased to up to 10 times the size of the donor area with the same good results as without or with less dilution. In patients with vitiligo areas of between 50 and 90 cm2, the recipient areas were increased three- to fivefold in the donor area. Patients with piebaldism, segmental vitiligo and halo naevi healed completely, as did most patients with vitiligo. In naevus depigmentosus no effect was seen. Our new method for treatment of leucoderma has the advantage that cell culture is not needed and that it is more suitable than epidermal sheet grafts when several small areas are to be treated.
Metabolite Profiling Identifies Pathways Associated With Metabolic Risk in Humans
Authors: Susan Cheng, Eugene P. Rhee, Martin G. Larson, Gregory D. Lewis, Elizabeth L. McCabe, Dongxiao Shen, Melinda J. Palma, Lee D. Roberts, Andre Dejam, Amanda L. Souza, Amy A. Deik, Martin Magnusson, Caroline S. Fox, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Olle Melander, Clary B. Clish, Robert E. Gerszten, Thomas J. Wang
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Although metabolic risk factors are known to cluster in individuals who are prone to developing diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, the underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood.To identify pathways associated with cardiometabolic risk, we used liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine the plasma concentrations of 45 distinct metabolites and to examine their relation to cardiometabolic risk in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS; n=1015) and the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDC; n=746). We then interrogated significant findings in experimental models of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. We observed that metabolic risk factors (obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia) were associated with multiple metabolites, including branched-chain amino acids, other hydrophobic amino acids, tryptophan breakdown products, and nucleotide metabolites. We observed strong associations of insulin resistance traits with glutamine (standardized regression coefficients, -0.04 to -0.22 per 1-SD change in log-glutamine; P<0.001), glutamate (0.05 to 0.14; P<0.001), and the glutamine-to-glutamate ratio (-0.05 to -0.20; P<0.001) in the discovery sample (FHS); similar associations were observed in the replication sample (MDC). High glutamine-to-glutamate ratio was associated with lower risk of incident diabetes mellitus in FHS (odds ratio, 0.79; adjusted P=0.03) but not in MDC. In experimental models, administration of glutamine in mice led to both increased glucose tolerance (P=0.01) and decreased blood pressure (P<0.05).Biochemical profiling identified circulating metabolites not previously associated with metabolic traits. Experimentally interrogating one of these pathways demonstrated that excess glutamine relative to glutamate, resulting from exogenous administration, is associated with reduced metabolic risk in mice.
Guidelines for the management of contact dermatitis: an update
Authors: J. Bourke, I. Coulson, J. English
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

These guidelines for management of contact dermatitis have been prepared for dermatologists on behalf of the British Association of Dermatologists. They present evidence-based guidance for investigation and treatment, with identification of the strength of evidence available at the time of preparation of the guidelines, including details of relevant epidemiological aspects, diagnosis and investigation.
Prognostic Importance of Hyponatremia in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Nathalie Scherz, José Labarère, Marie Méan, Said A. Ibrahim, Michael J. Fine, Drahomir Aujesky
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Although associated with adverse outcomes in other cardiopulmonary conditions, the prognostic value of hyponatremia, a marker of neurohormonal activation, in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is unknown.To examine the associations between hyponatremia and mortality and hospital readmission rates for patients hospitalized with PE.We evaluated 13,728 patient discharges with a primary diagnosis of PE from 185 hospitals in Pennsylvania (January 2000 to November 2002). We used random-intercept logistic regression to assess the independent association between serum sodium levels at the time of presentation and mortality and hospital readmission within 30 days, adjusting for patient (race, insurance, severity of illness, use of thrombolytic therapy) and hospital factors (region, size, teaching status).Hyponatremia (sodium ≤135 mmol/L) was present in 2,907 patients (21.1%). Patients with a sodium level greater than 135, 130-135, and less than 130 mmol/L had a cumulative 30-day mortality of 8.0, 13.6, and 28.5% (P < 0.001), and a readmission rate of 11.8, 15.6, and 19.3% (P < 0.001), respectively. Compared with patients with a sodium greater than 135 mmol/L, the adjusted odds of dying were significantly greater for patients with a sodium 130-135 mmol/L (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-1.76) and a sodium less than 130 mmol/L (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 2.48-4.29). The adjusted odds of readmission were also increased for patients with a sodium of 130-135 mmol/L (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.12-1.46) and a sodium less than 130 mmol/L (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.02-2.02).Hyponatremia is common in patients presenting with PE, and is an independent predictor of short-term mortality and hospital readmission.
Heat Shock Protein 70 Neutralization Exerts Potent Antitumor Effects in Animal Models of Colon Cancer and Melanoma
Authors: Elise Schmitt, Loic Maingret, Pierre-Emmanuel Puig, Anne-Laure Rerole, François Ghiringhelli, Arlette Hammann, Eric Solary, Guido Kroemer, Carmen Garrido
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

When overexpressed, the stress protein heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) increases the oncogenic potential of cancer cells in rodent models. HSP70 also prevents apoptosis, thereby increasing the survival of cells exposed to a wide range of otherwise lethal stimuli. These protective functions of HSP70 involve its interaction with and neutralization of the adaptor molecule apoptotic protease activation factor-1, implicated in caspase activation, and the flavoprotein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), involved in caspase-independent cell death. We have shown previously that a peptide containing the AIF sequence involved in its interaction with HSP70 (ADD70, amino acids 150-228) binds to and neutralizes HSP70 in the cytosol, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis induced by a variety of death stimuli. Here, we show that expression of ADD70 in tumor cells decreases their tumorigenicity in syngeneic animals without affecting their growth in immunodeficient animals. ADD70 antitumorigenic effects are associated with an increase in tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In addition, ADD70 sensitizes rat colon cancer cells (PROb) and mouse melanoma cells (B16F10) to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. ADD70 also shows an additive effect with HSP90 inhibition by 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in vitro. Altogether, these data indicate the potential interest of targeting the HSP70 interaction with AIF for cancer therapy.
Prognostic value of extravascular lung water index in critically ill children with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Riccardo Lubrano, Corrado Cecchetti, Marco Elli, Caterina Tomasello, Giuliana Guido, Matteo Di Nardo, Raffaele Masciangelo, Elisabetta Pasotti, Maria Antonietta Barbieri, Elena Bellelli, Nicola Pirozzi
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
TCT-643 Influence of cardiac motion on acquiring accurate measurements using Optical Frequency Domain Imaging (OFDI): Ex vivo study while heart beat and coronary flow being simulated
Authors: Kohei Koyama, Shingo Kuwata, Takanobu Mitarai, Yuuki Ishibashi, Kihei Yoneyama, Ken Kongoji, Tomoo Harada, Yoshihiro J. Akashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)