tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Mediterranean Diet in Type 2 Diabetes Is Durable: 8-Year Follow-up of a Controlled Trial
Authors: Maria Ida Maiorino, Giuseppe Bellastella, Michela Petrizzo, Lorenzo Scappaticcio, Dario Giugliano, Katherine Esposito
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

There is increasing evidence that plasma markers of low-grade inflammation modulate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes: for each 1 log mg/L increment in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, there is a 26% increased risk (1), and for each 1 log μg/mL increment in adiponectin levels, there is a 28% decreased risk (2). However, the Mediterranean diet is able to reduce the incidence of future diabetes by 19–23% (3). Using the data of a randomized trial (MEditerranean DIet and Type 2 diAbetes [MEDITA]) (4), we investigated 1 ) whether the Mediterranean diet has a durable effect on circulating levels of CRP and adiponectin in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 2 ) whether the changes in these inflammatory markers influenced the development of diet failure.

In a two-arm, single-center trial, 215 men and women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomized to …
The prevalence of CMV and EBV among the patients with the colorectal cancer; a molecular approach
Authors: Amir Arastefar, Reza Ranjbar, Mohammad Amin Behzad, Kamran Dezfulian, Hamid Sharifi Mehr, Azin Aein, Mohsen Gholami
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Nowadays, colorectal cancer is known as one of the most common types of gastrointestinal cancer with high mortality rate worldwide. Recently, the association between the development of the cancer and viral infections has been widely investigated with controversial results. The
Proton Pump Inhibitors Increase Incidence of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug–Induced Small Bowel Injury: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Ema Washio, Motohiro Esaki, Yuji Maehata, Masashi Miyazaki, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Hideki Ishikawa, Takanari Kitazono, Takayuki Matsumoto
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Surveillance alone versus radiotherapy after orchiectomy for clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Danish Testicular Cancer Study Group.
Authors: M Rørth, G K Jacobsen, H von der Maase, E L Madsen, O S Nielsen, M Pedersen, H Schultz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

From December 1980 to January 1984, all patients with stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer in Denmark entered a randomized trial comparing surveillance only with radiotherapy after orchiectomy. One hundred fifty patients were assessable for the final analysis. Relapse occurred in 23 patients in the surveillance group and in 11 patients in the radiotherapy group. Radiotherapy completely prevented retroperitoneal relapse; 14 retroperitoneal relapses occurred in the surveillance-only group. All relapsing patients in the surveillance-only group are without evidence of disease with a median observation time after chemotherapy of 67 months. Two of the patients with relapse in the radiotherapy group died with disease; the others are alive without evidence of disease, with a median observation time after relapse treatment of 72 months. In the surveillance group, four relapses occurred later than 2 years after orchiectomy; only one such late relapse occurred in the radiotherapy group. Four of the retroperitoneal relapses occurred without concomitant increase in the serum marker levels (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]). It is concluded that surveillance only should replace radiotherapy after orchiectomy as standard treatment for clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Improved methods for control of retroperitoneal relapses, especially of embryonal carcinomas, are needed.
A Military-Specific Injury Scoring System to Aid in Understanding the Golden Hour—Reply
Authors: Russ S. Kotwal, Howard R. Champion, Kirby R. Gross
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Enduring and Emerging Challenges of Informed Consent
Authors: Christine Grady
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

For example, the boundaries between clinical care and research are "shifting": what are the right models for patient consent in 'merged' "clinical and research learning activities"?Or how to consent for genetic testing when one considers the "substantial uncertainties", incidental findings and implications for blood relatives?One of the challenges "emerges from the complexity and uncertainty of the information generated by advanced technologies and expanded research opportunities".The paper provides an effective summary in Table 1, including proposed strategies to address the challenges.Solutions need to be "creative, practical and respectful".…"consent is recognized as morally transformative authorization, making certain activities permissible that otherwise would be wrong" (p.860).
Thrombopoietin Upregulates the Promoter Conformation of p53 in a Proliferation-Independent Manner Coincident With a Decreased Expression of Bax: Potential Mechanisms for Survival Enhancing Effects
Authors: Alec Ritchie, Akihiko Gotoh, Jay Gaddy, Stephen E. Braun, Hal E. Broxmeyer
Journal: Blood (1997)
Abstract 17245: The Effect on Vitamin D Levels of Long-term High-dose Treatment With a Concentrated Omega-3 Compound (Omacor®/Lovaza®) in Patients Hospitalized With a Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Patrycja A Naesgaard, Heidi Grundt, Cato Brede, Dennis W Nilsen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Several studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between cardiovascular risk and levels of vitamin D and omega-3. Objectives: To assess the impact of high-dose treatment of concentrated omega-3 (ethylester form) on serum vitamin D measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in 288 patients hospitalized with a myocardial infarction who were randomly assigned into a daily dose of either 4 g highly concentrated omega-3 fatty acids (114 patients) or corn oil (114 patients), administered in a double-blind manner over 12 months. Four mg of alfa-tocopherol was added to each capsule to protect against fatty acid oxidation. Supplementation with other fish-oil products was discontinued. 25(OH)D was measured at baseline, at 6 weeks and 12 months follow-up. Changes in 25(OH)D were compared statistically. Results: Median 25(OH)D levels in the two groups are shown in Table 1. The increase in 25(OH)D was statistically significant in both treatment groups at 12 months; p &lt; 0.001 for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and p = 0.011 for corn oil. A statistical significant rise in 25(OH)D was already apparent in the n-3 PUFA patients at 6 weeks follow-up (p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference between intergroup changes after 6 weeks intervention (p = 0.867) or after 12 months intervention (p = 0.267) (Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test). Conclusion: A statistical significant early rise in vitamin D at 6 weeks follow-up was noted in the omega-3 group of patients, persisting at 12 months, but these changes were not reflected as compared to corn oil, probably due to the fact that both compounds are biologically active.
Abstract 065: Cardiac Fibrosis and Heart Failure Caused by DsRed Tetramers Involves the Induction of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1
Authors: Tsung-Hsien Chen, Shan-Wen Liu, Mei-Ru Chen, Kurt M Lin
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Whereas aggregation of intracellular proteins was linked to the initiation of cardiac myopathy, the sequence of participating events, including myocyte apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis and fibrosis as the underlying mechanisms leading to heart failure, was not clear. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its derivatives induced cardiac dysfunction in mice when expressed in high quantity; however, the mechanism underlying the aggregation of fluorescent protein leading to heart failure remains unexplored.We created a transgenic mouse with switchable expression of the GFP monomer or the expression of DsRed, a red fluorescent protein (RFP) tetramer that tends to aggregate into a large protein complex. GFP mice were free of cardiac symptoms; in contrast, RFP mice with homozygous DsRed alleles developed myocyte necrosis, carditis, ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, left atrium thrombosis, dilated heart failure and death at the age of approximately five months. The hemizygote mice displayed similar symptoms at a later age. The expression of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 cleaved isoform II (LC3 II) and transglutaminase 2, and the expression of many myopathy- and fibrosis-related genes were significantly induced in the hearts of two-month-old RFP mice. Together with the findings of increased autophagosomes, lysosomes and dysfunctional mitochondria, these results suggest a marked induction of myocyte autophagy and fibrosis as the main underlying mechanism of heart failure in RFP mice. Interestingly, apoptosis was not elevated in RFP hearts. One of the most up-regulated genes in the early stage RFP heart was the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases type 1 (TIMP-1), corroborating the role of TIMP-1 in cardiac remodeling and anti-apoptotic activity. The heart-origin of the morbidity in RFP mice was confirmed by expressing DsRed tetramers specifically in cardiac tissues, and the same phenotypes as in RFP mice were observed. In summary, in cardiac myocytes under the stress of protein aggregation, strong induction of TIMP-1 and down-regulation of MMP activity may play a significant role in enhancing the synthesis of extracellular matrix, resulting in fibrosis and heart failure.
Type I IFN promotes NK cell expansion during viral infection by protecting NK cells against fratricide
Authors: Sharline Madera, Moritz Rapp, Matthew A. Firth, Joshua N. Beilke, Lewis L. Lanier, Joseph C. Sun
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Type I interferon (IFN) is crucial in host antiviral defense. Previous studies have described the pleiotropic role of type I IFNs on innate and adaptive immune cells during viral infection. Here, we demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells from mice lacking the type I IFN-α receptor (Ifnar−/−) or STAT1 (which signals downstream of IFNAR) are defective in expansion and memory cell formation after mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Despite comparable proliferation, Ifnar−/− NK cells showed diminished protection against MCMV infection and exhibited more apoptosis compared with wild-type NK cells. Furthermore, we show that Ifnar−/− NK cells express increased levels of NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands during viral infection and are susceptible to NK cell–mediated fratricide in a perforin- and NKG2D-dependent manner. Adoptive transfer of Ifnar−/− NK cells into NK cell–deficient mice reverses the defect in survival and expansion. Our study reveals a novel type I IFN–dependent mechanism by which NK cells evade mechanisms of cell death after viral infection.
αKlotho Mitigates Progression of AKI to CKD through Activation of Autophagy
Authors: Mingjun Shi, Brianna Flores, Nancy Gillings, Ao Bian, Han Jun Cho, Shirley Yan, Yang Liu, Beth Levine, Orson W. Moe, Ming Chang Hu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

AKI confers increased risk of progression to CKD. αKlotho is a cytoprotective protein, the expression of which is reduced in AKI, but the relationship of αKlotho expression level to AKI progression to CKD has not been studied. We altered systemic αKlotho levels by genetic manipulation, phosphate loading, or aging and examined the effect on long-term outcome after AKI in two models: bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury and unilateral nephrectomy plus contralateral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Despite apparent initial complete recovery of renal function, both types of AKI eventually progressed to CKD, with decreased creatinine clearance, hyperphosphatemia, and renal fibrosis. Compared with wild-type mice, heterozygous αKlotho-hypomorphic mice (αKlotho haploinsufficiency) progressed to CKD much faster, whereas αKlotho-overexpressing mice had better preserved renal function after AKI. High phosphate diet exacerbated αKlotho deficiency after AKI, dramatically increased renal fibrosis, and accelerated CKD progression. Recombinant αKlotho administration after AKI accelerated renal recovery and reduced renal fibrosis. Compared with wild-type conditions, αKlotho deficiency and overexpression are associated with lower and higher autophagic flux in the kidney, respectively. Upregulation of autophagy protected kidney cells in culture from oxidative stress and reduced collagen 1 accumulation. We propose that αKlotho upregulates autophagy, attenuates ischemic injury, mitigates renal fibrosis, and retards AKI progression to CKD.
Hedgehog signaling: <i>Gli2</i> and its influence in squamous esophageal cancer
Authors: K. Manickavasagam, C. M. Servarayan, S. Rao, A. Chandramohan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15596 Background: Gli family zinc finger proteins are mediators of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling and are implicated as potent oncogenes. Gli2 plays a dual role as activator of keratinocyte proliferation and repressor of epidermal differentiation. This study is to determine the expression pattern and the extent of Hh-signaling molecule(Gli2) in squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus. Methods: A prospective immunohistochemical experimental study was done to identify the expression of Gli2 in 64 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus. The study population consisted of patients of the age group 38–87 yrs. The cases consisted of 29 cases of keratinised squamous cell carcinoma.. Of the 64 cases, 20 were well differentiated, 9 moderately differentiated and 35 poorly differentiated tumours. Results: See Table . Gli2 expression was 25%. The cytoplasmic expression is positive in 9 cases and nuclear expression is positive in 5 cases. The average intensity of cytoplasmic expression was more than that of nuclear expression.Gli2 is less expressed in elderly cancers.Gli2 expression is comparatively more in upper third tumours. There were no obvious differences amongst the sex, differentiation and keratinization. The reason can be attributed to the fact that Hh signalling pathway works in a time, concentration and position dependent manner.Conclusions: Deregulation of Hh signalling will result in defective proliferation and differentiation of cells. These findings can be used for better prognosis of the patients by using stem cell therapy and HH pathway inhibitors in the treatment for squamous cell carcinomas of oesophagus. Protein kinase A (Pka) maintains the Gli transcription factors in an inactive state, so activation of Pka with agonists such as forskolin would prevent Gli-mediated activation of target-gene transcription. Gli can also be inhibited at the RNA level by targeting its transcripts with antisense oligonucleotides. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of expression of Gli2 in squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Wenckebach—Second-Degree Heart Block and the Company It Keeps
Authors: Isaac R. Whitman, Nitish Badhwar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Abstract 17002: Performance of the Mortality Probability Model (MPM0) in a Contemporary Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Maria E Rodrigo, Federico M Asch, Tania A Singh, Tishangi Kumar, David A Morrow, Fang Chen, Rebecca Torguson, Julio A Panza, Howard A Cooper
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The Mortality Prediction Model (MPM0) was developed to estimate the probability of hospital mortality among patients in general and surgical intensive care units (ICUs). Although this score is widely accepted, its applicability in patients with primary cardiac conditions has not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of the MPM0 score in a cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). Methods: From 2007 to 2012, data related to variables from the MPM0 (Table 1) were prospectively collected on all consecutive patients admitted due to a primary cardiac condition to the CICU of a tertiary referral center. MPM0 was applied to all patients. Two variables of the original risk score were not included in the analysis: intracranial mass effect and cirrhosis. The incidence of each variable within the score was determined. Test performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (c-statistic). Results: A total of 6,433 patients were admitted to the CICU, of whom 5,710 (89%) had a primary cardiac diagnosis. Complete data were available for 4,641 patients, who comprise the study population. Primary cardiac diagnoses were: acute coronary syndrome (54%), arrhythmia (13%), valvular (12%), cardiomyopathy (8%), cardiac arrest (4%) and other (9%). Overall hospital mortality was 10.4%. The c-statistic for application of MPM0 to this population was 0.82 (95% CI 0.81-0.84), indicating excellent discriminatory capacity. Conclusions: The MPM0 risk score, described originally to aid in prediction of mortality for patients admitted to medical and surgical ICUs, performed extremely well when applied to cardiac patients admitted to a large contemporary CICU.
Interviewing and Examination Skills in Paediatric Medicine: Videotape Analysis of Student and Consultant Performance
Authors: Samuel Menahem
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

Taking an adequate history and competently examining a patient remain essential prerequisites for making a diagnosis. Four 5th year medical students who had completed 18 months of clinical teaching were assessed at the start and end of their ten-week paediatric term and compared with 4 experienced consultants. A videorecording was made of each patient encounter. The students’ history was often incomplete, at times inaccurate and imprecise, despite earlier provision of a framework to obtain the necessary information. The students spent a great proportion of their time examining the child, yet their findings were questionable particularly if the child was uncooperative. The second recording made at the end of the student's paediatric term revealed a general improvement in their confidence and knowledge, though similar deficiencies were observed. The consultants, as expected, did better. They also showed a greater awareness of understanding the child within the context of his family. They spent more time interviewing the parent and child, offered a fuller explanation of the diagnosis and carefully reviewed the management. These findings further emphasize the need to improve and assess the clinical performance of students.
Waiting for the Definitive Trial of Hepatic Arterial Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer…
Authors: Daniel G. Haller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

Article Tools EDITORIAL Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.2.239 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10637235 Waiting for the Definitive Trial of Hepatic Arterial Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer… Daniel G. HallerxDaniel G. HallerSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.2.239 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology