tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in East Lancashire 2001-2009
Authors: A. D. Sails, A. Barrett, S. Sarginson, J. G. Magee, P. Maynard, I. Hafeez, L. P. Ormerod
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> East Lancashire has had high rates of tuberculosis for 40 years. The ethnically diverse population is predominantly of South Asian and white origin. Drug resistance data from 1960 to 1999 indirectly suggest that no significant inter-ethnic transmission has occurred. This study used mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) fingerprinting to assess clustering within and between ethnic groups. <h3>Methods</h3> All isolates of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> from January 2001 to July 2009 from East Lancashire postcode areas were MIRU-VNTR fingerprinted. Clusters of strains with indistinguishable profiles were also assessed epidemiologically, and their MIRU-VNTR profiles compared with the UK <i>M tuberculosis</i> Strain Typing Database. <h3>Results</h3> 332 strains were typed (63 white patients, and 269 non-white patients). 198 MIRU-VNTR profiles were identified, with 144 profiles occurring only once. The typing clustered 187 strains into 53 clusters indistinguishable at all 12 loci and these were further characterised using the exact tandem repeat loci A, B, and C. The 15 loci clustered 32/63 (50.8%) of white and 110/269 (40.9%) of non-white cases and all but nine clusters were of the same ethnicity. The nine inter-racial clusters were further assessed from an epidemiological and clinical perspective and fingerprinting using nine additional loci. Isolates within two of the clusters were further discriminated using the additional nine loci. However, the additional loci did not further discriminate the isolates in the other seven inter-racial clusters. <h3>Conclusions</h3> MIRU-VNTR fingerprinting indicates that although there is evidence of a high rate of transmission within the South Asian sub-population, the data suggest that there is little inter-ethnic transmission.
Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein degradation in rat muscle by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism.
Authors: R C May, R A Kelly, W E Mitch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Metabolic acidosis is associated with enhanced renal ammonia-genesis which is regulated, in part, by glucocorticoids. The interaction between glucocorticoids and chronic metabolic acidosis on nitrogen utilization and muscle protein metabolism is unknown. In rats pair-fed by gavage, we found that chronic acidosis stunted growth and caused a 43% increase in urinary nitrogen and an 87% increase in urinary corticosterone. Net protein degradation in incubated epitrochlearis muscles from chronically acidotic rats was stimulated at all concentrations of insulin from 0 to 10(4) microU/ml. This effect of acidosis persisted despite supplementation of the media with amino acids with or without insulin, indomethacin, and inhibitors of lysosomal thiol cathepsins. Acidosis did not change protein synthesis; hence, the increase in net protein degradation was caused by stimulation of proteolysis. Acidosis did not increase glutamine production in muscle. The protein catabolic effect of acidosis required glucocorticoids; protein degradation was stimulated in muscle of acidotic, adrenalectomized rats only if they were treated with dexamethasone. Moreover, when nonacidotic animals were given 3 micrograms/100 g of body weight dexamethasone twice a day, muscle protein degradation was increased if the muscles were simply incubated in acidified media. We conclude that chronic metabolic acidosis depresses nitrogen utilization and increases glucocorticoid production. The combination of increased glucocorticoids and acidosis stimulates muscle proteolysis but does not affect protein synthesis. These changes in muscle protein metabolism may play a role in the defense against acidosis by providing amino acid nitrogen to support the glutamine production necessary for renal ammoniagenesis.
Primary cutaneous CD8+ small/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma, ear-type: a unique cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with a favourable prognosis
Authors: C. Géraud, S. Goerdt, C.D. Klemke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Primary cutaneous CD8+ small/medium‐sized pleomorphic T‐cell lymphoma, ear‐type: a unique cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma with a favourable prognosis Get access C. Géraud, C. Géraud Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany E‐mail: cyrill.geraud@umm.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Goerdt, S. Goerdt Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany E‐mail: cyrill.geraud@umm.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.D. Klemke C.D. Klemke Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Mannheim, Germany E‐mail: cyrill.geraud@umm.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 164, Issue 2, 1 February 2011, Pages 456–458, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10105.x Published: 01 February 2011
Renal Clearance of Cystathionine in Homozygous and Heterozygous Cystathioninuria, Cystinuria, and the Normal State*
Authors: George W. Frimpter, Abby J. Greenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Cystathionine is more readily cleared from the plasma than other amino acids. This is because the amino acid has a very low tubular maximum (Tm), in the order of 1 mumole per minute per 1.73 square meters body surface area (BSA). No essential differences in the reabsorption of cystathionine were observed in four normal subjects, two patients with homozygous cystathioninuria, one patient with heterozygous cystathioninuria, and one patient with cystinuria. Apparent net tubular secretion of cystathionine was demonstrated in a child with homozygous cystathioninuria only after an intravenously administered load of lysine.
M15 Nebulised bronchodilators pre-bronchoscopy in patients with obstructive lung disease: does it help?: Abstract M15 Table 1.
Authors: V Gupta, N Jackson, M Rossall, U Kolsum, R Budd, T Southworth, D Singh
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma may be at higher risk of complications during bronchoscopy. Previous guidelines have recommended that all patients with asthma receive nebulised bronchodilators pre procedure. At our research centre, we changed our practice in January 2012; since this date we administer nebulised salbutamol to all patients with COPD and asthma pre-bronchoscopy. <h3>Aims</h3> We examined research bronchoscopy records from asthma and COPD patients with and without nebulised bronchodilators to determine tolerance of procedure, complications and adverse events, sedation used and success of obtaining samples. We have also examined the overall safety of research bronchoscopies. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis of case report forms of 140 (65 asthma and 75 COPD) patients who underwent research bronchoscopy at our centre since November 2010. <h3>Results</h3> See Table 1 for details. Baseline characteristics were the same among COPD and asthma patients who did and did not receive bronchodilators. There was no significant change in procedure tolerance, sedation used, complications or adverse events and samples obtained in patients who received pre-procedure bronchodilators. Mean volume of saline inserted for BAL during bronchoscopy was 414.3 ± 140.5 ml for asthmatics and 392.1 ± 123.5 ml for COPD patients. Overall, serious complications were rare: 2 patients bled during the procedure requiring cold saline and adrenaline, 1 was observed for a few hours due to low saturations, 1 was admitted overnight for hypotension and 1 was admitted with pleuritic chest pain. 41 patients were symptom free at 24 hours and 85 were symptom free at 7 days. The most common mild symptom reported at 24 hours was sore throat, being reported by 50 patients; at 7 days 21 patients reported cough. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Nebulised bronchodilators pre-bronchoscopy in patients with asthma or COPD appears to have little impact. Overall, research bronchoscopy with significant BAL in these patients appears relatively safe. * The first 2 authors contributed equally to this work.
Studies of L1210 Leukemia. II. Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Changes After Treatment With Cyclophosphamide and Vitamin A&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: David Brandes, Elsa Anton, Kwok Wai Lam
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Transplantation of L1210 leukemic cells into DBA/2J mice produced a systemic leukemia which regressed after treatment with cyclophosphamide. Involution of the spleen was reflected histochemically by disappearance of leukemic cells and an afflux of lysosome-rich macrophages, and, biochemically, by an increase in acid phosphatase activity. The increase in acid phosphatase activity in spleens from mice treated concomitantly with cyclophosphamide and vitamin A appeared enhanced. Numerous multinucleated giant cells were observed during the period of leukemia regression. Some were megakaryocytes, possibly representing reservoirs for the virus particles normally present in the leukemic cells. The role of lysosomal enzymes derived from the invading mac:rophages in the degradation of tumor cells, and the potentiality of lysosomal labilixers to enhance the degradative process of leukemic cells are discussed.
ULCEROUS LESIONS OF THE TONGUE
Authors: J. H. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1912)

So 19M) 1, BIXDICAL JOU5NA 1 that of syphilis, of malaria, and of tuberculosis.Disorders of thlis sort, like the microbial disorders, will naturally arrange themselves into groups; yet it will -be found that all, in the words of Erasmus Darwin, can be brought within the fold of a "theory founded upon Nature, -that should bind together the scattered facts of medical knowledge, ancd conivert into one point of view the laws of organiic life."'REFFRENCr,ES.
MicroRNA Expression in Induced Sputum of Smokers and Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Geert R. Van Pottelberge, Pieter Mestdagh, Ken R. Bracke, Olivier Thas, Yannick M. T. A. van Durme, Guy F. Joos, Jo Vandesompele, Guy G. Brusselle
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive inflammation in the airways and lungs combined with disturbed homeostatic functions of pulmonary cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have the ability to regulate these processes by interfering with gene transcription and translation.Objectives: We aimed to identify miRNA expression in induced sputum and examined whether the expression of miRNAs differed between patients with COPD and subjects without airflow limitation.Methods: Expression of 627 miRNAs was evaluated in induced sputum supernatant of 32 subjects by stem–loop reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated in an independent replication cohort of 41 subjects. Enrichment of miRNA target genes was identified by in silico analysis. Protein expression of target genes was determined by ELISA.Measurements and Main Results: Thirty-four miRNAs were differentially expressed between never-smokers and current smokers without airflow limitation in the screening cohort. Eight miRNAs were expressed at a significantly lower level in current-smoking patients with COPD compared with never-smokers without airflow limitation. Reduced expression of let-7c and miR-125b in patients with COPD compared with healthy subjects was confirmed in the validation cohort. Target genes of let-7c were significantly enriched in the sputum of patients with severe COPD. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (TNFR-II, implicated in COPD pathogenesis and a predicted target gene of let-7c) was inversely correlated with the sputum levels of let-7c .Conclusions: let-7c is significantly reduced in the sputum of currently smoking patients with COPD and is associated with increased expression of TNFR-II.
Loss of the Inactive X Chromosome and Replication of the Active X in <i>BRCA1</i>-Defective and Wild-type Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Silvia M. Sirchia, Lisetta Ramoscelli, Francesca R. Grati, Floriana Barbera, Danila Coradini, Franca Rossella, Giovanni Porta, Elena Lesma, Anna Ruggeri, Paolo Radice, Giuseppe Simoni, Monica Miozzo
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract In females, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) begins with the expression of the XIST gene from the X chromosome destined to be inactivated (Xi) and the coating of XIST RNA in cis. It has recently been reported that this process is supported by the product of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene and that BRCA1−/− cancers show Xi chromatin structure defects, thus suggesting a role of XCI perturbation in BRCA1-mediated tumorigenesis. Using a combined genetic and epigenetic approach, we verified the occurrence of XCI in BRCA1−/− and BRCA1wt breast cancer cell lines. It was ascertained that the Xi was lost in all cancer cell lines, irrespective of the BRCA1 status and that more than one active X (Xa) was present. In addition, no epigenetic silencing of genes normally subjected to XCI was observed. We also evaluated XIST expression and found that XIST may be occasionally transcribed also from Xa. Moreover, in one of the BRCA1wt cell line the restoring of XIST expression using a histone deacetylase inhibitor, did not lead to XCI. To verify these findings in primary tumors, chromosome X behavior was investigated in a few BRCA1-associated and BRCA1–not associated primary noncultured breast carcinomas and the results mirrored those obtained in cancer cell lines. Our findings indicate that the lack of XCI may be a frequent phenomenon in breast tumorigenesis, which occurs independently of BRCA1 status and XIST expression and is due to the loss of Xi and replication of Xa and not to the reactivation of the native Xi.
Missense Mutations and Gene Interruption in <i>PROSIT240</i> , a Novel <i>TRAP240</i> -Like Gene, in Patients With Congenital Heart Defect (Transposition of the Great Arteries)
Authors: Nadja Muncke, Christine Jung, Heinz Rüdiger, Herbert Ulmer, Ralph Roeth, Annette Hubert, Elizabeth Goldmuntz, Deborah Driscoll, Judith Goodship, Karin Schön, Gudrun Rappold
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Congenital heart disease represents the most common severe birth defect, affecting 0.7% to 1% of all neonates, among whom 5% to 7% display transposition of the great arteries (TGA). TGA represents a septation defect of the common outflow tract of the heart, manifesting around the fifth week during embryonic development. Despite its high prevalence, very little is known about the pathogenesis of this disease.Using a positional cloning approach, we isolated a novel gene, PROSIT240 (also termed THRAP2), that is interrupted in a patient with a chromosomal translocation and who displays TGA and mental retardation. High expression of PROSIT240 within the heart (aorta) and brain (cerebellum) was well correlated with the malformations observed in the patient and prompted further analyses. PROSIT240 shows significant homology to the nuclear receptor coactivator TRAP240, suggesting it to be a new component of the thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein (TRAP) complex. Interestingly, several TRAP components have been previously shown to be important in early embryonic development in various organisms, making PROSIT240 an excellent candidate gene to be correlated to the patient's phenotype. Subsequent mutational screening of 97 patients with isolated dextro-looped TGA revealed 3 missense mutations in PROSIT240, which were not detected in 400 control chromosomes.Together, these genetic data suggest that PROSIT240 is involved in early heart and brain development.
Physiological characteristics of junior and senior rugby league players
Authors: T J Gabbett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

To investigate the physiological characteristics of subelite junior and senior rugby league players and establish performance standards for these athletes.A total of 159 junior (under 16, 15, 14, and 13, n = 88) and senior (first grade, second grade, and under 19, n = 71) rugby league players (forwards, n = 80, backs, n = 79), competing at a subelite level, underwent measurements of body mass, muscular power (vertical jump), speed (10 m, 20 m, and 40 m sprint), agility (Illinois agility run), and estimated maximal aerobic power (multistage fitness test). Data were also collected on match and training frequency and playing experience.There was a significant effect (p<0.05) of age and playing level on playing experience, body mass, muscular power, speed, agility, and estimated maximal aerobic power, with the physiological capacities of players increasing as the playing level increased. Forwards were heavier than backs for all junior and senior teams. Forwards and backs had similar estimated maximal aerobic power, except for under 16 players, for whom significant (p<0.05) differences were detected (mean (95% confidence intervals) 42.9 (40.1 to 45.7) v 49.5 (46.4 to 52.6) ml/kg/min for forwards and backs respectively). Scores for speed, muscular power, and agility were not significantly different between forwards and backs for any of the junior or senior teams.The results show that there is a progressive improvement in the physiological capacities of rugby league players as the playing level increases. These findings provide normative data and performance standards for subelite junior and senior rugby league players. Further studies on the sociological, physical, psychological, and personal predictors of talent in rugby league are warranted.
Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: ROBERT E. GROSS
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Coarctation of the aorta can be recognized in most instances by simple findings of physical examination. The anomaly is one which carries a variable prognosis. The condition may be tolerated through a long life with little incapacitation or may be accompanied by early and serious complications in the form of cardiac failure, aortic rupture, or intracranial hemorrhage. In a high percentage of patients it is possible to remove the aortic block and establish a pathway of satisfactory size. A series of cases shows that there is an excellent chance of relieving hypertension by such surgery. Mortality rates for these operations have not been unduly high. Certain complicated types of cases carry too high a risk and should not be accepted for surgery.
The Treatment of Phthisis by Means of the Eucalyptus Atmosphere
Authors: A. W. M. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1884)

IP .iR.4..;I .2lment of the na& doluche isi vabt4lo, u1il$ a ,weak,coarbolic lotion, or one of comvion, salt, or carboRfat& of oda.Tlhe plugging of the nostrils with cotton-wool is useful in preventing the dutrance of pollen and' other irritating matters, but is not altogether comfortable.I have ventured upon these few remarks, not as containing anything novel, but with the hope that they may be of some use to others who are.troubled with a very annoying and depressing complaint, for which people,, as a rule, do not appear to have much sympathy.I am happy to say thit my own attacks have been rather lighter each year.
Tissue-specific responses of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase activity in metabolic acidosis.
Authors: S R Price, X Wang, J L Bailey
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

In adrenalectomized rats, acidosis does not increase whole-body leucine oxidation unless a physiologic amount of glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) is also provided; an equivalent dose of dexamethasone without acidosis does not change leucine catabolism. Because the influences of acidification and glucocorticoids on branched-chain amino acid metabolism in specific organs are unknown, the function of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKAD), the rate-limiting enzyme in branched-chain amino acid catabolism, in adrenalectomized rat skeletal muscle and liver, the two major tissues that degrade branched-chain amino acid was measured. In muscle of acidotic adrenalectomized rats receiving dexamethasone, basal and total BCKAD activities were increased 2.6- (P < 0.05) and 2.8-fold (P < 0.05), respectively. Neither acidosis nor dexamethasone alone increased these activities. BCKAD E1alpha subunit mRNA in muscle of acidotic rats given dexamethasone was increased 1.89-fold (P < 0.05) in parallel with the change in BCKAD activity; BCKAD E2 subunit mRNA was increased by acidosis, dexamethasone, or a combination of both stimuli. In contrast, basal BCKAD activity in liver of rats with acidosis or dexamethasone was nearly threefold lower (P < 0.05) and changes in enzyme activity reflected reduced subunit mRNA. Thus, there are reciprocal, tissue-specific changes in BCKAD function in response to acidosis.
P1070 FIRST LINE TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CH-B) IN REAL LIFE. AN ITALIAN MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL COHORT (HBV-RER)
Authors: V. Borghi, P. Andreone, M. Massari, E. Villa, A. Pietrangelo, G. Verucchi, F. Levantesi, C. Ferrari
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Resveratrol-induced Autophagocytosis in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Anthony W. Opipari, Lijun Tan, Anthony E. Boitano, Dorothy R. Sorenson, Anjili Aurora, J. Rebecca Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene), a natural phytoalexin present in grapes, nuts, and red wine, has antineoplastic activities. Several molecular mechanisms have been described to underlie its effects on cells in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the response of ovarian cancer cells to resveratrol is explored. Resveratrol inhibited growth and induced death in a panel of five human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The response was associated with mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, formation of the apoptosome complex, and caspase activation. Surprisingly, even with these molecular features of apoptosis, analysis of resveratrol-treated cells by light and electron microscopy revealed morphology and ultrastructural changes indicative of autophagocytic, rather than apoptotic, death. This suggests that resveratrol can induce cell death through two distinct pathways. Consistent with resveratrol’s ability to kill cells via nonapoptotic processes, cells transfected to express high levels of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 are equally sensitive as control cells to resveratrol. Together, these findings show that resveratrol induces cell death in ovarian cancer cells through a mechanism distinct from apoptosis, therefore suggesting that it may provide leverage to treat ovarian cancer that is chemoresistant on the basis of ineffective apoptosis.