tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of asthma symptoms in adult university students and workers in Elobeid – West Sudan
Authors: Omer Musa, Aamir Magzoub, Asma Elsony
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Using the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire the prevalence of asthma was found to be higher in Khartoum state (capital of Sudan) compared to the rural areas in children. The prevalence of asthma in adults in the capital was found previously to be 9%.   Objectives:  To find the prevalence of asthma among Sudanese university students and adults and validate the diagnosis by pulmonary function tests in a rural area in Sudan.   Method:  A cross-sectional study performed in Elobeid town about 650 Km western Khartoum, during 2010. A modified ISAAC questionnaire was distributed to university students and adults chosen by stratified random sampling.412 subjects were included. Any subject with a positive response to asthma symptoms was interviewed by another questionnaire covering asthma symptoms, allergy symptoms and environmental factors. In addition, lung function tests had been performed to all those having asthma symptoms.   Results:  412 subjects were included. Prevalence of asthma according to wheeze hearing in the last 12 months was 6.7%. Wheezing is the most prevalent asthma symptom (96.6%), followed by breathlessness (76%). Most of the patients have intermittent symptoms. Validation of ISAAC questionnaire by reversibility test was 57% in asthmatic group.   Conclusion:  1.Prevalence of asthma among Sudanese adult university students and workers living in Elobeid town (West Sudan) is 6.7%. is less than the capital.  2.Extra pulmonary function tests are needed for validation in intermittent asthma.
A radical idea: men and women are different
Authors: D Bowles
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Gender has a pronounced influence on the type and severity of cardiovascular disease that will likely ensue during one's lifetime.Sex differences have been noted in most major cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension.Aside from the humanitarian benefit, a huge economic incentive exists for developing more effective treatments for hypertension, especially in Western societies.For example, in the United States, one in four adults has high blood pressure, with the estimated economic cost exceeding US$50 billion annually.Until age 55 years, a higher percentage of men than women has hypertension-a sex difference primarily due to a lower incidence in young, white females.Interestingly, in African -American and Mexican -American populations, the sex difference is negligible [1].The underlying cause of this sexual dimorphism is unknown and has been the focus of much research.Discovering the mechanism for this protective effect should allow the development of novel pharmacological therapies for cardiovascular patients of both sexes.Endothelial dysfunction is thought by many to be an initiating factor in many vascular diseases, including high blood pressure [2].Hypertension is associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO)-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation.For almost a decade, evidence has been provided that estrogen increases NO-dependent vasodilation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein levels [3].In normotensives, experimental evidence indicates that the greater eNOS levels in premenopausal females are due to estrogen, and increased bioavailability of NO has been suggested to be a major contributor
Rapid decrease of cytochrome P-450IIE1 in primary hepatocyte culture and its maintenance by added 4-methylpyrazole
Authors: De Feng Wu, Liviu Clejan, Barry Potter, Arthur I. Cederbaum
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Studies were conducted to evaluate the possible induction or the maintenance of cytochrome P-450IIE1 in primary hepatocyte cultures by the inducing agent 4-methylpyrazole. Hepatocytes were isolated from control (noninduced) rats and from rats treated in vivo with either pyrazole or 4-methylpyrazole to induce P-450IIE1. The content of P-450IIE1 was determined by Western blots with antipyrazole P-450 IgG, and catalytic activity was assessed by assays of dimethyl-nitrosamine demethylase activity. The treatment with 4-methylpyrazole in vivo increased the content of P-450IIE1 and dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity sevenfold and fourfold, respectively. In cultures prepared from noninduced hepatocytes, P-450IIE1 levels fell to values of 76%, 65%, 31% and 1% of freshly isolated hepatocytes after 1, 3, 6 and 9 days in culture. A similar decrease in dimethylnitrosamine demethylase was observed during this time. In cultures prepared from induced hepatocytes, the decline in P-450IIE1 was more rapid as levels fell to 77%, 31%, 3% and 3% of initial values after 1, 3, 6 and 9 days in culture. Again, the fall in dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity paralleled the decline in content of P-450IIE1 and was more rapid with the induced hepatocytes. With cultures prepared from noninduced or induced hepatocytes, the addition of 4-methylpyrazole in vitro did not increase the content of P-450IIE1 or the activity of dimethylnitrosamine demethylase over the initial values. However, 4-methylpyrazole appeared to stabilize the P-450IIE1 and to decrease its rate of decline in culture. In noninduced cultures, the percent remaining content of P-450IIE1 after 6 days was 31% in the absence of and 52% in the presence of 5 mol/L 4-methylpyrazole. In cultures from 4-methylpyrazole—induced hepatocytes, the percent remaining P-450IIE1 after 3 days was 31% in the absence of inducer and 59% with 4-methylpyrazole added in vitro . Similarly 4-methylpyrazole helped to prevent the rapid decline of dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity in induced and noninduced cultures. Viability of the induced and noninduced cultures in the absence or presence of added 4-methylpyrazole was similar. Levels of mRNA for P-450IIE1 were similar for livers from control rats and from rats treated in vivo with 4-methylpyrazole. The mRNA levels rapidly declined in induced and noninduced cultures, and this decline, unlike the fall in P-450IIE1 or dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity, could not be prevented by the addition of 4-methylpyrazole in vitro to the cultures. These results suggest that the already induced P-450IIE1 isozyme is more labile and subject to rapid decline in culture and that inducers such as 4-methylpyrazole appear to stabilize the P-450IIE1 and thus help to maintain this isozyme and associated catalytic activity in cultures prepared from noninduced and induced hepatocytes. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1379-1389).
Impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on diastolic function
Authors: Rolf Wachter, Lars Lüthje, Daniela Klemmstein, Claus Lüers, Raoul Stahrenberg, Frank Edelmann, Volker Holzendorf, Gerd Hasenfuß, Stefan Andreas, Burkert Pieske
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

We investigated whether obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) independently affects diastolic function in a primary care cohort of patients with cardiovascular risk factors. 378 study participants with risk factors for diastolic dysfunction were prospectively included and a polygraphy was performed in all patients. Diastolic dysfunction was assessed by comprehensive echocardiography including tissue Doppler. Sleep apnoea was classified according to apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) as none (AHI &lt;5 events·h −1 ), mild (AHI ≤5 to &lt;15 events·h −1 ) or moderate-to-severe (AHI ≥15 events·h −1 ). Patients with central sleep apnoea (n=14) and patients with previously diagnosed sleep apnoea (n=12) were excluded. In the remaining 352 subjects, 21.6% had an AHI ≥15 events·h −1 . The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction increased with the severity of sleep apnoea from 44.8% (none) to 56.8% (mild) to 69.7% (moderate-to-severe sleep apnoea) (p=0.002). The degree of diastolic dysfunction also increased with sleep apnoea severity (p=0.004). In univariate regression analysis, age, desaturation index, AHI, cardiac frequency, angiotensin receptor 1 antagonist therapy, body mass index (BMI) and left ventricular mass were associated with diastolic dysfunction. In multivariate regression analysis, only age, BMI, AHI and cardiac frequency were independently associated with diastolic dysfunction. Moderate-to-severe OSA is independently associated with diastolic dysfunction in patients with classical risk factors for diastolic dysfunction.
STUDIES ON THE SHOPE RABBIT PAPILLOMA VIRUS
Authors: Wilbur Fiske Noyes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

A method has been devised to determine the location of infective Shope virus in the papillomas of cottontail rabbits. Frozen sections of the growths were burned selectively with a microcautery to destroy either the keratinized or proliferating layer and the sections were then applied directly to the sensitized epidermis of domestic rabbits. No papillomas appeared when the keratohyaline and keratinized areas had been eliminated leaving the proliferating cell layer, whereas papillomas arose when the proliferating cell areas were destroyed leaving the keratohyaline and keratinized layers. The results indicate that infective Shope papilloma virus is situated mainly, perhaps entirely, in the keratohyaline and keratinized areas of cottontail papillomas. This is in accord with the previous disclosure by the fluorescence technique that virus antigen in demonstrable quantity is present only in these situations.
DRUG-INDUCED ULCER OF THE LIP
Authors: BRUCE S. MACKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article DRUG‐INDUCED ULCER OF THE LIP Get access BRUCE S. MACKIE, M.B., B.S., D.D.M. BRUCE S. MACKIE, M.B., B.S., D.D.M. 187 Macquarie Street, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 2, 1 February 1967, Pages 106–110, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11465.x Published: 01 February 1967
Diabetes, antidiabetic medications, and pancreatic cancer risk: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium
Authors: C. Bosetti, V. Rosato, D. Li, D. Silverman, G.M. Petersen, P.M. Bracci, R.E. Neale, J. Muscat, K. Anderson, S. Gallinger, S.H. Olson, A.B. Miller, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, G. Scelo, V. Janout, I. Holcatova, P. Lagiou, D. Serraino, E. Lucenteforte, E. Fabianova, P.A. Baghurst, W. Zatonski, L. Foretova, E. Fontham, W.R. Bamlet, E.A. Holly, E. Negri, M. Hassan, A. Prizment, M. Cotterchio, S. Cleary, R.C. Kurtz, P. Maisonneuve, D. Trichopoulos, J. Polesel, E.J. Duell, P. Boffetta, C. La Vecchia, P. Ghadirian
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Effectiveness of postal smoking cessation advice: a randomized controlled trial in young men with reduced FEV1 and asbestos exposure
Authors: S Humerfelt, GE Eide, G Kvale, LE Aaro, A Gulsvik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

There have been few community-based randomized, controlled intervention trials for cessation in high-risk smokers. In such a trial we evaluated the effects of postal smoking cessation advice in smokers with asbestos exposure and/or reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). All men aged 30-45 yrs (n=22,392) living in 34 municipalities in western Norway were invited to a cross-sectional community survey. Information on smoking habits and occupational asbestos exposure were obtained from self-administered questionnaires and measurements of FEV1 were performed with dry-wedge bellow spirometers. Among 16,393 participants we identified a group of 2,610 smokers with previous occupational asbestos exposure and/or adjusted FEV1 in the lowest quartile. A random half (n=1,300) received a mailed personal letter from a respiratory physician with a person-specific health advice to quit smoking and a pamphlet on smoking cessation. The remaining smokers (n=1,310) acted as controls and did not receive any information. Twelve months after the intervention, information on smoking habits was re-examined using a postal questionnaire. Among the respondents (n=2,282), smoking cessation was reported altogether by 13.7% in the intervention group versus 9.9% in the control group (p&lt;0.01). The 1 yr sustained quit rate (no smoking at all during the last year) was 5.6 versus 35% (p&lt;0.05), respectively. Measurements of carbon monoxide in expired air (with &lt; or = 10 parts per million) confirmed self-reported nonsmoking in samples of the two groups. In a community this simple postal smoking cessation advice from a respiratory physician based on person-specific risk factors improved the 1 yr sustained success rate by 60% in identified high-risk smokers.
Within- and Between-Individual Sequence Variation Among ITS1 Copies in the Meadow Grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus Indicates Frequent Intrachromosomal Gene Conversion
Authors: E. J. Parkin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Sequencing multiple copies of the ITS1 region revealed the coexistence of two or more haplotypes within the genome of Chorthippus parallelus. Using a PCR-RFLP approach, the ITS1 numbers and frequencies of haplotypes present in each of 40 individuals were investigated, revealing a consistent lack of homogeneity. For each individual, the level of intra-individual variation was estimated from a sample of 20 ITS1 copies. The level of differentiation in haplotype frequency among individuals was then estimated by maximum likelihood using models based on the Dirichlet distribution. This confirmed the existence of significant levels of variation among individuals within each population studied. The most likely turnover mechanism that could generate this pattern of variation is gene conversion, operating at the intrachromosomal level. Furthermore, the discovery of linkage disequilibrium among the ITS1 haplotypes of C. parallelus suggests that intrachromosomal gene conversion occurs more frequently than interchromosomal recombination. Subspecies of C. parallelus showed significantly different haplotype distributions following about 0.5 Myr of divergence. With respect to the process of concerted evolution, we show that homogenization of repeats is slow relative to speciation, and the standing variation among individuals is sufficient for selection to operate.
Lung volumes in interstitial lung disease in smokers
Authors: Archie Macnair
Journal: Thorax (2011)

There is increasing awareness that smoking causes emphysematous changes and increased lung density in the form of interstitial lung abnormalities demonstrated on high-resolution CT (HRCT). This study investigates the prevalence and effect of these radiological changes on spirometry in patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

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Preclinical Evaluation of the α-Particle Generator Nuclide 225Ac for Somatostatin Receptor Radiotherapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Matthias Miederer, Gjermund Henriksen, Andrea Alke, Ilona Mossbrugger, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez, Reingard Senekowitsch-Schmidtke, Markus Essler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using somatostatin analogues labeled with β-particle–emitting isotopes such as 90Y or 177Lu has been a promising treatment strategy for metastasized neuroendocrine tumors. Although remission can be accomplished in a high percentage of neuroendocrine tumors, some tumors do not respond to this treatment. α-Emitting isotopes—such as the 10-day half-life α-emitting generator nuclide Actinum-225 (225Ac)—are characterized by extremely high cytotoxic activity on the cellular level, and may be superior in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors not responding to PRRT using β-emitting isotopes. Experimental Design: Radiolabeling of 225Ac 1,4,7,10-tetra-azacylododecane N,N′,N′′,N′′′-J-tetraacetic acid-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC) was done at pH 5 (60 minutes at 70°C) without further purification. Biodistribution in nude mice bearing AR42J rat pancreas neuroendocrine tumor xenografts were measured for up to 24 hours. Toxicity was tested by weight changes, retention variables (blood urea nitrogen and creatine), and histopathology in mice 7 months after treatment with 10 to 130 kBq (n = 4-5). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by tumor weighing in animals treated 4 days after xenotransplantation and compared with 177Lu-DOTATOC as a reference. Results: Activities up to 20 kBq had no significant toxic effects in mice. In contrast, activities higher than 30 kBq induced tubular necrosis. Biodistribution studies revealed that 225Ac-DOTATOC effectively accumulated in neuroendocrine xenograft tumors. 225Ac-DOTATOC activities were shown to be nontoxic (12-20 kBq), reduced the growth of neuroendocrine tumors, and showed improved efficacy compared with 177Lu-DOTATOC. Conclusions: 225Ac might be suitable to improve PRRT in neuroendocrine tumors.
Residual lesions after Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon in 41 patients☆, ☆☆
Authors: O Enjolras, J B Mulliken, M Wassef, I J Frieden, P N Rieu, P E Burrows, A Salhi, C Léauté-Labreze, H P Kozakewich
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)
Glioblastoma resistance to anti-VEGF therapy is associated with myeloid cell infiltration, stem cell accumulation, and a mesenchymal phenotype
Authors: Y. Piao, J. Liang, L. Holmes, A. J. Zurita, V. Henry, J. V. Heymach, J. F. de Groot
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical regulator of angiogenesis.Inhibiting the VEGF -VEGF receptor (R) signal transduction pathway in glioblastoma has recently been shown to delay progression, but the relative benefit and mechanisms of response and failure of anti-VEGF therapy and VEGFR inhibitors are not well understood.The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of VEGF sequestration and/or VEGFR inhibition on orthotopic tumor growth and the mechanism(s) of treatment resistance.We evaluated, not only, the effects of anti-VEGF therapy (bevacizumab), anti-VEGFR therapy (sunitinib), and the combination on the survival of mice bearing orthotopic gliomas, but also the differential effects of the treatments on tumor vascularity, cellular proliferation, mesenchymal and stem cell markers, and myeloid cell infiltration using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Bevacizumab significantly prolonged survival compared with the control or sunitinib alone.Both antiangiogenic agents initially reduced infiltration of macrophages and tumor vascularity.However, multitargeted VEGFR inhibition, but not VEGF sequestration, rapidly created a vascular gradient and more rapidly induced tumor hypoxia.Re-infiltration of macrophages was associated with the induction of hypoxia.Combination treatment with bevacizumab and sunitinib improved animal survival compared with bevacizumab therapy alone.However, at the time of tumor progression, a significant increase in CD11b 1 /Gr1 1 granulocyte infiltration was observed, and tumors developed aggressive mesenchymal features and increased stem cell marker expression.Collectively, our results demonstrate a more prolonged decrease in tumor vascularity with bevacizumab than with sunitinib, associated with a delay in the development of hypoxia and sustained reduction of infiltrated myeloid cells.
Why people smoke
Authors: M. J Jarvis
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Aspirin is generally regarded as a cause of gastric ulcer but the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and paracetamol in the aetiology of peptic ulcer is unclear. To investigate this we conducted a case control study of 180 matched pairs of peptic ulcer patients and controls obtained from surgical and dermatology outpatient clinics. There were 95 gastric ulcer and 85 duodenal ulcer patients. A statistically and clinically association (relative risk = 5) was found between the regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and gastric ulcer. There was also evidence of positive associations between gastric ulcer and aspirin containing preparations with or without non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. By contrast, duodenal ulcer was unrelated to these drugs. Too few patients used paracetamol for any conclusion to be drawn on its role.
Inhibition of macrophage function prevents intestinal inflammation and postoperative ileus in rodents
Authors: S. Wehner, F. F Behrendt, B. N Lyutenski, M. Lysson, A. J Bauer, A. Hirner, J. C Kalff
Journal: Gut (2006)

Abdominal surgery results in a molecular and cellular inflammatory response in the intestine, leading to postoperative ileus. It was hypothesised that resident macrophages within the intestinal muscularis have an important role in this local inflammation.To investigate whether chemical or genetic depletion of resident muscularis macrophages would lead to a reduction in the local inflammation and smooth-muscle dysfunction.Two rodent models were used to deplete and inactivate macrophages: (1) a rat model in which resident macrophages were depleted by chlodronate liposomes; (2) a model of mice with osteopetrosis mice, completely lacking the resident muscularis macrophages, used as an additional genetic approach. Animals with normal or altered intestinal macrophages underwent surgical intestinal manipulation. The inflammatory response was investigated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for mRNA of MIP-1alpha, interleukin (IL)1beta, IL6, intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotractant protein 1 (MCP)-1 in the isolated small bowel muscularis. In addition, muscularis whole mounts were used for histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis to quantify leucocyte infiltration and detect cytokine expression. Subsequently, in vitro muscle contractility and in vivo gastrointestinal transit were measured.Both models resulted in markedly decreased expression of MIP-1alpha, IL1beta, IL6, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 after manipulation compared with controls. In addition to this decrease in inflammatory mediators, recruitment of leucocytes into the muscularis was also diminished. Macrophage-altered animals had near normal in vitro jejunal circular muscle function and gastrointestinal transit despite surgical manipulation.Resident intestinal muscularis macrophages are initially involved in inflammatory responses resulting in postoperative ileus. Depletion and inactivation of the muscularis macrophage network prevents postoperative ileus.
Toll-Like Receptors and Danger Signaling in Kidney Injury
Authors: Hans-Joachim Anders
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Why does renal inflammation appear among many of the so-called noninflammatory kidney diseases? Toll-like receptor research provides a surprising answer because activation of the innate immune system involves pathogen-derived as well as nonpathogen-derived immunostimulatory molecules; thus, metabolic, hemodynamic, toxic, or autoimmune forms of tissue damage all can trigger an innate inflammatory response. Because receptor activation is unable to eliminate the underlying drivers of these nonpathogen diseases, it becomes instead a maladaptive pathogenic mechanism that aggravates renal damage. Genetic variants in danger-signaling genes of the innate immune system can also affect individual risk for insufficient pathogen control or exaggerated nonpathogen-related tissue pathology. The evolving concept of danger signaling provides a general mechanism for kidney injury.