tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Claims, Errors, and Compensation Payments in Medical Malpractice Litigation
Authors: David M. Studdert, Michelle M. Mello, Atul A. Gawande, Tejal K. Gandhi, Allen Kachalia, Catherine Yoon, Ann Louise Puopolo, Troyen A. Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In the current debate over tort reform, critics of the medical malpractice system charge that frivolous litigation--claims that lack evidence of injury, substandard care, or both--is common and costly.Trained physicians reviewed a random sample of 1452 closed malpractice claims from five liability insurers to determine whether a medical injury had occurred and, if so, whether it was due to medical error. We analyzed the prevalence, characteristics, litigation outcomes, and costs of claims that lacked evidence of error.For 3 percent of the claims, there were no verifiable medical injuries, and 37 percent did not involve errors. Most of the claims that were not associated with errors (370 of 515 [72 percent]) or injuries (31 of 37 [84 percent]) did not result in compensation; most that involved injuries due to error did (653 of 889 [73 percent]). Payment of claims not involving errors occurred less frequently than did the converse form of inaccuracy--nonpayment of claims associated with errors. When claims not involving errors were compensated, payments were significantly lower on average than were payments for claims involving errors (313,205 dollars vs. 521,560 dollars, P=0.004). Overall, claims not involving errors accounted for 13 to 16 percent of the system's total monetary costs. For every dollar spent on compensation, 54 cents went to administrative expenses (including those involving lawyers, experts, and courts). Claims involving errors accounted for 78 percent of total administrative costs.Claims that lack evidence of error are not uncommon, but most are denied compensation. The vast majority of expenditures go toward litigation over errors and payment of them. The overhead costs of malpractice litigation are exorbitant.
FKBPL and Peptide Derivatives: Novel Biological Agents That Inhibit Angiogenesis by a CD44-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Andrea Valentine, Martin O'Rourke, Anita Yakkundi, Jenny Worthington, Michelle Hookham, Roy Bicknell, Helen O. McCarthy, Keeva McClelland, Lynn McCallum, Hayder Dyer, Hayley McKeen, David J. J. Waugh, Jennifer Roberts, Joanne McGregor, Graham Cotton, Iain James, Timothy Harrison, David G. Hirst, Tracy Robson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Antiangiogenic therapies can be an important adjunct to the management of many malignancies. Here we investigated a novel protein, FKBPL, and peptide derivative for their antiangiogenic activity and mechanism of action. Experimental Design: Recombinant FKBPL (rFKBPL) and its peptide derivative were assessed in a range of human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) assays in vitro. Their ability to inhibit proliferation, migration, and Matrigel-dependent tubule formation was determined. They were further evaluated in an ex vivo rat model of neovascularization and in two in vivo mouse models of angiogenesis, that is, the sponge implantation and the intravital microscopy models. Antitumor efficacy was determined in two human tumor xenograft models grown in severe compromised immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Finally, the dependence of peptide on CD44 was determined using a CD44-targeted siRNA approach or in cell lines of differing CD44 status. Results: rFKBPL inhibited endothelial cell migration, tubule formation, and microvessel formation in vitro and in vivo. The region responsible for FKBPL's antiangiogenic activity was identified, and a 24-amino acid peptide (AD-01) spanning this sequence was synthesized. It was potently antiangiogenic and inhibited growth in two human tumor xenograft models (DU145 and MDA-231) when administered systemically, either on its own or in combination with docetaxel. The antiangiogenic activity of FKBPL and AD-01 was dependent on the cell-surface receptor CD44, and signaling downstream of this receptor promoted an antimigratory phenotype. Conclusion: FKBPL and its peptide derivative AD-01 have potent antiangiogenic activity. Thus, these agents offer the potential of an attractive new approach to antiangiogenic therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(5); 1044–56. ©2011 AACR.
Randomized phase II study of cisplatin, irinotecan and etoposide combinations administered weekly or every 4 weeks for extensive small-cell lung cancer (JCOG9902-DI)
Authors: I. Sekine, Y. Nishiwaki, K. Noda, S. Kudoh, M. Fukuoka, K. Mori, S. Negoro, A. Yokoyama, K. Matsui, Y. Ohsaki, T. Nakano, N. Saijo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
Next Time I’ll Ask
Authors: Lisa M. Letourneau
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
First-rank symptoms as a diagnostic clue to multiple personality disorder
Authors: R P Kluft
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Thirty patients with multiple personality disorder had one or more of Schneider's 11 first-rank symptoms at initial assessment (mean = 3.6; range = 1-8). The author describes these symptom categories, eight of which were noted in the patients he interviewed, and illustrates them from the patients' case material. He suggests that inquiry about first-rank symptom phenomena may be a valuable diagnostic clue to the presence of multiple personality disorder.
Apolipoproteins Prevent Glomerular Albumin Permeability Induced In Vitro by Serum from Patients with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: GIOVANNI CANDIANO, LUCA MUSANTE, MICHELE CARRARO, LUIGI FACCINI, LUCIANO CAMPANACCI, CRISTINA ZENNARO, MARY ARTERO, FABRIZIO GINEVRI, FRANCESCO PERFUMO, ROSANNA GUSMANO, GIAN MARCO GHIGGERI
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Glomerular albumin permeability alterations can be induced in vitro by serum from patients with end-stage renal disease caused by primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). It was hypothesized that inhibitory substances may be present in normal serum, which may prevent the permeability alterations in isolated glomeruli, and the present study sought to isolate and characterize these factors. Albumin permeability was determined from the change in glomerular volume induced by applying oncotic gradients across the basement membrane of healthy isolated rat glomeruli preincubated with FSGS serum and normal serum fractionated using standard techniques. Fractions of normal serum with inhibitory activity obtained by a multistep chromatographic procedure underwent two-dimensional electrophoresis and staining. Approximately 50 protein spots were recovered, renatured, and tested for antipermeability activity. Five of these proteins demonstrated consistent inhibitory activity, and desorption ionization and mass spectrometry proved them to be components of high-density lipoprotein: apolipoproteins (apo) E 2 and E 4 , high-molecular-weight J and L, and a 28-kD fragment of A-IV. Polyclonal antibodies to apo E or apo J added to the whole normal serum restored the permeability activity of the FSGS serum in the bioassay. Commercially available apo E and apo J also demonstrated antipermeability activity when added to FSGS serum. Cyanogen bromide digestion of apo A-IV produced fragments that inhibited the permeability activity of the FSGS serum, whereas the intact protein did not. Thus, components of high-density lipoprotein are capable of preventing glomerular albumin permeability induced by serum from patients with FSGS in an in vitro system. The specificity and mechanism of the inhibition remain to be determined; the alteration of normal inhibitory activity in vivo may be a component in the pathophysiology of FSGS.
Aberrant Brain Activation During a Response Inhibition Task in Adolescent Eating Disorder Subtypes
Authors: James Lock, Amy Garrett, Judy Beenhakker, Allan L. Reiss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Objective: Behavioral and personality characteristics associated with excessive inhibition and disinhibition are observed in patients with eating disorders, but neural correlates of inhibitory control have not been examined in adolescents with these disorders. Method: Thirteen female adolescents with binge eating and purging behaviors (i.e., bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa, binge eating/purging type);14 with anorexia nervosa, restricting type; and 13 healthy comparison subjects performed a rapid, jittered event-related go/no-go task. Functional magnetic resonance images were collected using a 3 Tesla GE scanner and a spiral pulse sequence. A whole-brain three-group analysis of variance in SPM5 was used to identify significant activation associated with the main effect of group for the comparison of correct no-go versus go trials. The mean activation in these clusters was extracted for further comparisons in SPSS. Results: The binge eating/purging group showed significantly greater activation than the healthy comparison group in the bilateral precentral gyri, anterior cingulate cortex, and middle and superior temporal gyri as well as greater activation relative to both comparison and restricting type anorexia subjects in the hypothalamus and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Within-group analysis found that only the restricting type anorexia group showed a positive correlation between the percent correct on no-go trials and activation in posterior visual and inferior parietal cortex regions. Conclusions: The present study provides preliminary evidence that during adolescence, eating disorder subtypes may be distinguishable in terms of neural correlates of inhibitory control. This distinction is consistent with differences in behavioral impulsivity in these patient groups.
The Functional Circulatory Consequences of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: CON O. T. BALL, F. TREMAINE BILLINGS, ROBERT H. FURMAN, GEORGE B. BROTHERS, JOHN THOMAS, GEORGE R. MENEELY
Journal: Circulation (1955)

An analysis of what proportion of patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction follow the various circulatory pathways available and at what time in the course of the disease is presented. Patients who died with, but not necessarily because of, thrombosis or embolism outside the coronary vascular bed were withdrawn from the analysis. Almost half of the patients were able to resume usual or lighter activity and to enjoy, after two years, a survival rate similar to a Tennessee population of the same age, sex and racial distribution.
Identification of CD8 as a peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptor molecule on immature thymocytes.
Authors: W Wu, P H Harley, J A Punt, S O Sharrow, K P Kearse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Differentiation of most T lymphocytes occurs within the thymus and is characterized by variable expression of CD4/CD8 coreceptor molecules, increased surface density of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha beta proteins, and decreased expression of glycan chains recognized by the galactose-specific lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA). Although appreciated for several decades that PNA agglutination is useful for the physical separation of immature and mature thymocyte sub-populations, the identity of specific PNA-binding glycoproteins expressed on immature thymocytes remains to be determined. In the current report, we studied the expression of PNA-specific glycans on immature and mature T cells and used lectin affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation techniques to characterize PNA-binding glycoproteins on thymocytes. Our data demonstrate that PNA-specific glycans are localized on a relatively small subset of thymocyte surface proteins, several of which were specifically identified, including CD43, CD45, and suprisingly, CD8 molecules. CD8 alpha and CD8 alpha' proteins bound to PNA in the absence of CD8 beta expression showing that O-glycans on CD8 beta glycoproteins are not necessary for PNA binding and that glycosylation of CD8 alpha and CD8 alpha' proteins proceeds effectively in the absence of CD8 beta. Finally, we demonstrate that PNA binding of CD8 is developmentally regulated by sialic acid addition as CD8 proteins from mature T cells bound to PNA only after sialidase treatment. These studies identify CD8 as a PNA receptor molecule on immature thymocytes and show that PNA binding of CD8 on immature and mature T cells is developmentally regulated by sialic acid modification.
The use of protriptyline for respiratory failure in patients with chronic airflow limitation
Authors: N Carroll, RA Parker, MA Branthwaite
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Treatment of nocturnal hypoventilation in patients with restrictive chest wall disease and respiratory failure, results in improved daytime arterial blood gas tensions, increase in functional ability and longer survival. Success has been achieved with the use of protriptyline which reduces the duration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during which nocturnal hypoventilation occurs. Eighteen patients with severe chronic airflow limitation (CAL), took part in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of protriptyline and placebo. Seventeen patients completed the study. The use of protriptyline was associated with a fall in the median percentage of total sleep time spent in REM from 16 to 8.8% (p less than 0.01). This was associated with a reduction in the median daytime arterial carbon dioxide tension from 6.4 kPa (range 5.2-8.5 kPa) to 5.8 kPa (range 5.0-8.1 kPa) (p less than 0.01); increased respiratory muscle strength (p less than 0.05), and increased six minute walking distance from a median of 258 m (range 58.5-585 m) to 275 m (range 171-598 m) (p less than 0.02). We found pharmacological treatment of REM-related nocturnal hypoventilation in patients with CAL to be effective, but anticholinergic side-effects, particularly in older male patients, might preclude long-term treatment.
Healthy People 2020: A Report Card on the Health of the Nation
Authors: Howard K. Koh, Carter R. Blakey, Allison Y. Roper
Journal: JAMA (2014)

For 4 decades, Healthy People has represented the United States’ vision for a healthier future. Each decade, it serves as a public health road map and compass for the nation by establishing a broad set of overarching health goals while specifying actions to improve length and quality of life. For the current decade, this comprehensive national health promotion and disease prevention agenda encompasses more than a thousand specific objectives organized into 42 topic areas.
Pityriasis lichenoides—an immune complex disease
Authors: ROGER CLAYTON, GERALD HAFFENDEN, ANTHONY DU VIVIER, JILL BURTON, JAMES MOWBRAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Pityriasis lichenoides—an immune complex disease Get access ROGER CLAYTON, ROGER CLAYTON Departments of Dermatology, Histopathology and Experimental Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GERALD HAFFENDEN, GERALD HAFFENDEN Departments of Dermatology, Histopathology and Experimental Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ANTHONY DU VIVIER, ANTHONY DU VIVIER Departments of Dermatology, Histopathology and Experimental Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JILL BURTON, JILL BURTON Departments of Dermatology, Histopathology and Experimental Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JAMES MOWBRAY JAMES MOWBRAY Departments of Dermatology, Histopathology and Experimental Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 6, 1 December 1977, Pages 629–634, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14269.x Published: 01 December 1977
Ablation of MEK Kinase 1 Suppresses Intimal Hyperplasia by Impairing Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Expression in a Mouse Blood-Flow Cessation Model
Authors: Yan Li, Tetsuo Minamino, Osamu Tsukamoto, Toshiaki Yujiri, Yasunori Shintani, Ken-ichiro Okada, Yoko Nagamachi, Masashi Fujita, Akio Hirata, Shoji Sanada, Hiroshi Asanuma, Seiji Takashima, Masatsugu Hori, Gary L. Johnson, Masafumi Kitakaze
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Migration, proliferation, and matrix-degrading protease expression of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are major features of intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. Although MEK kinase 1 (MEKK1) has been shown to regulate cell migration and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression, the precise role of MEKK1 in this process remains unknown.We triggered a vascular remodeling model by complete ligation of the right common carotid artery in wild-type (WT) and MEKK1-null (MEKK1-/-) mice. The intimal areas 28 days after ligation were significantly decreased in the ligated MEKK1-/- arteries compared with WT arteries (28+/-8 versus 65+/-17 microm2, P<0.05). There were no differences in the ratios of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells to total cells within the arterial wall between WT and MEKK1-/- arteries. Proliferation capacity also did not differ between WT and MEKK1-/- cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs). In contrast, the number of intimal PCNA-positive cells 7 days after ligation was significantly smaller in MEKK1-/- arteries. Three different migration assays revealed that migration and invasion of MEKK1-/- AoSMCs were markedly impaired. Addition of full-length MEKK1 restored the migration capacity of MEKK1-/- AoSMCs. The number of MEKK1-/- AoSMCs showing lamellipodia formation by epithelial growth factor was significantly smaller compared with those of WT SMCs. Furthermore, uPA expression after ligation was markedly decreased in MEKK1-/- arteries.MEKK1 is implicated in vascular remodeling after blood-flow cessation by regulating the migration and uPA expression of SMCs. MEKK1 is a potential target for drug development to prevent vascular remodeling.
Hedgehog-interacting protein is a COPD susceptibility gene: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Y. M. T. A. Van Durme, M. Eijgelsheim, G. F. Joos, A. Hofman, A. G. Uitterlinden, G. G. Brusselle, B. H. C. Stricker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The Hedgehog signalling pathway plays an important role in lung morphogenesis and cellular responses to lung injury. A genome-wide association study has demonstrated that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the Hedgehog-interacting protein (<i>Hip</i>) gene, SNP identifiers rs1828591 and rs13118928, are associated with risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to validate the observed association between genetic variation near the <i>Hip</i> gene and COPD, and to investigate whether risk estimates were modified by smoking behaviour. The association between the <i>Hip</i> gene SNPs and COPD was investigated in the Rotterdam Study by logistic regression analyses, adjusted for several covariates. In addition, an association meta-analysis was performed that included data from the genome-wide association study on COPD. Both SNPs were significantly associated with risk of COPD (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.72–0.91). Homozygosity for the minor G allele resulted in a decreased risk of COPD of ∼40% (95% CI 0.47–0.78). There was a significant interaction with the number of pack-years of smoking (p = 0.004). The meta-analysis yielded an odds ratio for COPD of 0.80 per additional G allele (p = 3.4×10<sup>−9</sup>). Genetic variation near the <i>Hip</i> gene was significantly associated with risk of COPD, depending on the number of pack-years of smoking.
Population Genomics of the Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering Time Gene Network
Authors: J. M. Flowers, Y. Hanzawa, M. C. Hall, R. C. Moore, M. D. Purugganan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

The time to flowering is a key component of the life-history strategy of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that varies quantitatively among genotypes. A significant problem for evolutionary and ecological genetics is to understand how natural selection may operate on this ecologically significant trait. Here, we conduct a population genomic study of resequencing data from 52 genes in the flowering time network. McDonald–Kreitman tests of neutrality suggested a strong excess of amino acid polymorphism when pooling across loci. This excess of replacement polymorphism across the flowering time network and a skewed derived frequency spectrum toward rare alleles for both replacement and noncoding polymorphisms relative to synonymous changes is consistent with a large class of deleterious polymorphisms segregating in these genes. Assuming selective neutrality of synonymous changes, we estimate that approximately 30% of amino acid polymorphisms are deleterious. Evidence of adaptive substitution is less prominent in our analysis. The photoperiod regulatory gene, CO, and a gibberellic acid transcription factor, AtMYB33, show evidence of adaptive fixation of amino acid mutations. A test for extended haplotypes revealed no examples of flowering time alleles with haplotypes comparable in length to those associated with the null friCol allele reported previously. This suggests that the FRI gene likely has a uniquely intense or recent history of selection among the flowering time genes considered here. Although there is some evidence for adaptive evolution in these life-history genes, it appears that slightly deleterious polymorphisms are a major component of natural molecular variation in the flowering time network of A. thaliana.