tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic stress disorder following drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
Authors: T.T. Lew, D. Creamer, J. Mackenzie, S.A. Walsh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe adverse drug‐induced reaction with significant morbidity and mortality.1 DRESS is characterized by a cutaneous eruption accompanied by systemic features such as fever, haematological abnormalities, lymphadenopathy and visceral involvement. While most patients recover completely, the mortality rate of DRESS has been reported to be 10%.2 Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been recognized in patients following critical illness requiring intensive care3 and in patients with burns.4 Although the potential psychological consequences of DRESS have not been previously reported, toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens–Johnson syndrome have been shown to affect survivors psychologically.5 The aim of our study was to determine whether patients experience psychological distress following DRESS. We conducted a retrospective pilot study on a cohort of patients who presented to our department with DRESS between 2006 and 2012. Nineteen consecutive patients with a validated diagnosis of DRESS using the RegiSCAR (a multinational registry of severe cutaneous adverse reactions) criteria6 were identified from our departmental database and invited to participate by letter and telephone.
Ultrasound differentiation of two types of de Quervain's disease: the role of retinaculum
Authors: A. Volpe, M. Pavoni, A. Marchetta, P. Caramaschi, D. Biasi, C. Zorzi, G. Arcaro, W. Grassi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

de Quervain's disease (dQD) is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first extensor compartment of the wrist which is formed by the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB).1,–,3 Thirty-three consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of dQD underwent ultrasound (US). The inclusion criteria were (1) a history of pain over the radial aspect of the wrist aggravated by excessive use of the thumb; (2) an orthopaedic diagnosis of dQD; and (3) a positive Finkelstein test. The control group consisted of 24 healthy subjects and was matched for age and sex. All studies were performed using a Vivid 7 machine (General Electric, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA) with a 12 MHz matrix linear array transducer. The sonographer was not blinded to the identity of the control subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student …
A national screening policy for sickle cell disease and thalassaemia major for the United Kingdom
Authors: A. Streetly
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Sickle cell disease and thalassaemia major are serious health problems for inner city populations in Britain, but services are inconsistent and policy guidance is unclear1–4 The NHS Health Technology Assessment Programme commissioned two systematic reviews to identify the objectives of the screening programmes and to determine whether, and in which populations, screening using haematological tests should be either selective or universal. The decision on who to screen in areas where not everyone is tested is based on questions to identify ethnic origin.

The two reports provide similar estimates for the burden of disease. One estimated that each year 28–60 fetuses are conceived and 17 infants are born with thalassaemia and that 133–238 fetuses are conceived and 160 infants are born with sickle cell disease in England.5 The other report gave estimates for the United Kingdom of 44 and 171 respectively for conceptions.6

Both reports show that the population at risk has an uneven geographical distribution. For this reason, selective rather than …
Drain site radiotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a wasted resource
Authors: R. Muirhead, N. O'Rourke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

To the Editors: 

Prophylactic drain site irradiation is currently used to prevent tumour nodule formation in pleural mesothelioma. We present a case which highlights the inadequacy of this practice and discuss the recent findings of O'Rourke et al. 1, which suggest irradiation should only be offered for symptomatic tumour nodules.

In February 2003, a 71-yr-old male presented with breathlessness on exertion associated with loss of appetite. A chest radiograph demonstrated left pleural effusion. Aspiration of the fluid with pleural biopsy was performed, yielding a histological diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. The patient was referred for consideration of irradiation to the chest drain site and received the standard 21 Gy …
Pulmonary Angiography, Ventilation Lung Scanning, and Venography for Clinically Suspected Pulmonary Embolism with Abnormal Perfusion Lung Scan
Authors: Hull Rd, Hirsh J, Carter Cj, Jay Rm, Dodd Pe, Ockelford Pa, Coates G, Gill Gj, Turpie Ag, Doyle Dj, Buller Hr, Raskob Ge
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Inherent contradictions in current diagnostic recommendations for pulmonary embolism have created considerable confusion and controversy. To resolve these contradictions, we did a prospective study of ventilation-perfusion scanning, pulmonary angiography, and venography in consecutive patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism and abnormal perfusion scans. Ventilation scanning increased the probability of pulmonary embolism in patients with large perfusion defects and ventilation mismatch, but a ventilation-perfusion match was not helpful in ruling out pulmonary embolism. Small perfusion defects with mismatch had neither sufficiently high nor low probability to be of diagnostic value. The observed frequency of proximal vein thrombosis (19% to 51%) and its association with the range of ventilation-perfusion defects have important implications for management of pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary angiography is required in combination with venography in most patients with perfusion abnormalities because the probability of pulmonary embolism is neither sufficiently high nor low to confirm or exclude pulmonary embolism.
Study of an epidemic of venoocclusive disease in India.
Authors: R K Tandon, B N Tandon, H D Tandon, M L Bhatia, S Bhargava, P Lal, R R Arora
Journal: Gut (1976)

Twenty-five cases of rapidly developing ascites occurring in an epidemic form were observed in a tribal district in Central India during August 1972-May 1973. Eleven of the patients died. Six patients were brought to hospital and studied for periods of two to 17 months. Necropsy was performed on one patient who died. The clinical features suggested an outflow tract obstruction such as a Budd-Chiari-like syndrome or venoocclusive disease. Radiographic and haemodynamic studies demonstrated a combination of post and perisinusoidal blocks. Liver dysfunction was indicated by the presence of a marked bromsulphthalein retention and mild to moderate hypoalbuminaemia. Histological examination of the liver biopsies showed changes that ranged from centrizonal haemorrhagic necrosis to an extensive centrilobular fibrosis associated with central vein occlusion. The disease was apparently caused by a food toxin, and the possible nature of this is discussed.
Determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy and oxygen supply in chronic aortic valve disease.
Authors: R S Trenouth, N C Phelps, W A Neill
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Ventricular mass and O2 supply of the myocardium were evaluated in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to stenosis or insufficiency of the aortic valve and in control patients without cardiac disease. Calculation of left ventricular mass from the angiogram was verified by autopsy data in seven patients. Total mass, O2 consumption, and coronary blood flow, each was related quantitatively to left ventricular total load (force) in all patients. Left ventricular equatorial tension, however, was greater in proportion to mass in aortic stenosis than in aortic insufficiency patients. This discrepancy could be explained by the more eccentric shape of the left ventricle in aortic stenosis. Oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow per gram of myocardium were normal at rest in patients with hypertrophy. Tachycardia induced by atrial pacing provoked myocardial lactate production in half of the patients with aortic stenosis but in none of the patients with aortic insufficiency. Surgical mortality was related to myocardial mass and lactate production.
Acquisition of Relative Interstrand Crosslinker Resistance and PARP Inhibitor Sensitivity in Fanconi Anemia Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Anne J. Lombardi, Elizabeth E. Hoskins, Grant D. Foglesong, Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Lisa Wiesmüller, Helmut Hanenberg, Paul R. Andreassen, Allison J. Jacobs, Susan B. Olson, Winifred W. Keeble, Laura E. Hays, Susanne I. Wells
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Fanconi anemia is an inherited disorder associated with a constitutional defect in the Fanconi anemia DNA repair machinery that is essential for resolution of DNA interstrand crosslinks. Individuals with Fanconi anemia are predisposed to formation of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) at a young age. Prognosis is poor, partly due to patient intolerance of chemotherapy and radiation requiring dose reduction, which may lead to early recurrence of disease.Using HNSCC cell lines derived from the tumors of patients with Fanconi anemia, and murine HNSCC cell lines derived from the tumors of wild-type and Fancc(-/-) mice, we sought to define Fanconi anemia-dependent chemosensitivity and DNA repair characteristics. We utilized DNA repair reporter assays to explore the preference of Fanconi anemia HNSCC cells for non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).Surprisingly, interstrand crosslinker (ICL) sensitivity was not necessarily Fanconi anemia-dependent in human or murine cell systems. Our results suggest that the increased Ku-dependent NHEJ that is expected in Fanconi anemia cells did not mediate relative ICL resistance. ICL exposure resulted in increased DNA damage sensing and repair by PARP in Fanconi anemia-deficient cells. Moreover, human and murine Fanconi anemia HNSCC cells were sensitive to PARP inhibition, and sensitivity of human cells was attenuated by Fanconi anemia gene complementation.The observed reliance upon PARP-mediated mechanisms reveals a means by which Fanconi anemia HNSCCs can acquire relative resistance to the ICL-based chemotherapy that is a foundation of HNSCC treatment, as well as a potential target for overcoming chemoresistance in the chemosensitive individual.
PROGNOSTIC POSSIBILITIES OF THE RORSCHACH METHOD IN METRAZOL THERAPY
Authors: WOODROW W. MORRIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1943)

The Rorschach method was administered to forty-one patients representing a cross-section of psychotic groups who were to receive metrazol therapy in an effort to determine whether or not this technique would reveal any signs or patterns which would be of practical assistance in selecting patients for this type of therapy. It was found that six signs of varying significance differentiated the improved and unimproved groups to a satisfactory extent. It is suggested that these signs are not absolute but are subject to various stated discrepancies. It is felt, however, that they are suggestive of positive trends in the prognosis of metrazol therapy.
Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation, Antioxidant Activity, and Platelet Activation Are Associated with Primary Combustion Aerosols in Subjects with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ralph J. Delfino, Norbert Staimer, Thomas Tjoa, Andrea Polidori, Mohammad Arhami, Daniel L. Gillen, Micheal T. Kleinman, Nosratola D. Vaziri, John Longhurst, Frank Zaldivar, Constantinos Sioutas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundBiomarkers of systemic inflammation have been associated with risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.ObjectivesWe aimed to clarify associations of particulate matter (PM) air pollution with systemic inflammation using models based on size-fractionated PM mass and markers of primary and secondary aerosols.MethodsWe followed a panel of 29 nonsmoking elderly subjects with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) living in retirement communities in the Los Angeles, California, air basin. Blood plasma biomarkers were measured weekly over 12 weeks and included C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its soluble receptor-II (sTNF-RII), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptor (IL-6sR), fibrin D-dimer, soluble platelet selectin (sP-selectin), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). To assess changes in antioxidant capacity, we assayed erythrocyte lysates for glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) activities. We measured indoor and outdoor home daily size-fractionated PM mass, and hourly pollutant gases, total particle number (PN), fine PM elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC), estimated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and primary OC (OCpri) from total OC, and black carbon (BC). We analyzed data with mixed models controlling for temperature and excluding weeks with infections.ResultsWe found significant positive associations for CRP, IL-6, sTNF-RII, and sP-selectin with outdoor and/or indoor concentrations of quasi-ultrafine PM ≤ 0.25 μm in diameter, EC, OCpri, BC, PN, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide from the current-day and multiday averages. We found consistent positive but largely nonsignificant coefficients for TNF-α, sVCAM-1, and sICAM-1, but not fibrinogen, IL-6sR, or D-dimer. We found inverse associations for erythrocyte Cu,Zn-SOD with these pollutants and other PM size fractions (0.25–2.5 and 2.5–10 μm). Inverse associations of GPx-1 and MPO with pollutants were largely nonsignificant. Indoor associations were often stronger for estimated indoor EC, OCpri, and PN of outdoor origin than for uncharacterized indoor measurements. There was no evidence for positive associations with SOA.ConclusionsResults suggest that traffic emission sources of OCpri and quasi-ultrafine particles lead to increased systemic inflammation and platelet activation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity in elderly people with CAD.
Identifying Patients at Risk for Significant Versus Clinically Insignificant Postoperative Prostate-Specific Antigen Failure
Authors: Anthony V. D'Amico, Ming-Hui Chen, Kimberly A. Roehl, William J. Catalona
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

We evaluated whether men at risk for significant versus clinically insignificant prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure after radical prostatectomy could be identified using information available at diagnosis.A prospective prostate cancer screening study that enrolled, diagnosed, and treated 1,011 men with radical prostatectomy at Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St Louis, MO) from January 1, 1989, to June 1, 2002, for localized prostate cancer formed the study cohort. Preoperative predictors of a postoperative PSA doubling time (DT) of less than 3 months and more than 12 months or no PSA failure were identified using logistic regression.A preoperative PSA velocity more than 2.0 ng/mL/yr (P = .001) and biopsy Gleason score 7 (P = .006) or 8 to 10 (P = .003) were significantly associated with having a postoperative PSA DT less than 3 months. A PSA level less than 10 ng/mL (P = .005), a nonpalpable cancer (P = .001) with a Gleason score < or = 6 (P = .0002), and a preoperative PSA increase that did not exceed 0.5 ng/mL/yr (P = .03) were significantly associated with a postoperative PSA DT of at least 12 months or no PSA failure. Most men with these preoperative characteristics and a postoperative PSA DT of 12 months or more had a persistent postoperative PSA level of at least 0.2 ng/mL that did not exceed 0.25 ng/mL after a median follow-up of 3.6 years.A postoperative PSA DT less than 3 months is associated with a preoperative PSA velocity more than 2.0 ng/mL/yr and high-grade disease. Select men with a postoperative PSA DT more than 12 months may not require salvage radiation therapy.
Numb Regulates Stability and Localization of the Mitotic Kinase PLK1 and Is Required for Transit through Mitosis
Authors: Travis L. Schmit, Minakshi Nihal, Mary Ndiaye, Vijayasaradhi Setaluri, Vladimir S. Spiegelman, Nihal Ahmad
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Numb functions in progenitor cell fate determination and early development, but it is also expressed in postdevelopmental tissues and cancers where its role is unclear. In this study, we report that a targeted knockdown of Numb expression causes a G(2)-M arrest and reduced cell growth in human melanoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization studies showed that Numb interacts with the serine/threonine polo-like kinase Plk1 and Numb cycles in a cell-cycle-dependent fashion along with this mitotic regulator. Interestingly, Numb expression was required for Plk1 protein stability and localization to the spindle poles during mitosis. Reduction in Numb expression resulted in mislocalization of Plk1 at both metaphase and anaphase, leading to disorganized γ-tubulin recruitment in centrosomes. Together, our findings present a novel function for Numb during symmetric cell division. We suggest that dysregulation of Numb expression results in mislocalized Plk1 and poor centrosomal γ-tubulin recruitment, potentially contributing to mitotic errors, aneuploidy, and cancer development.
Immunological study of the rectal mucosa of men with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Authors: P E Bishop, A McMillan, H M Gilmour
Journal: Gut (1987)

Biopsies of rectal mucosa were taken from 81 men and stained using cytochemical methods for B and T lymphocytes, T cell subsets, immunoglobulin containing plasma cells and mucosal mast cells. The patients studied included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected and non-infected heterosexual and homosexual men, and homosexual men with rectal gonorrhoea. There were increased numbers of T lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the rectum in HIV infected individuals regardless of whether the infection had been acquired through anal intercourse or intravenous drug use. This increase resulted from a marked increase in the numbers of CD8+ suppressor T cells, there also being a reduction in the numbers of CD4+ helper T cells. In non-HIV infected men with rectal gonorrhoea there were increased numbers of CD8+ T cells but no significant difference in numbers of CD4+ cells. No difference was seen in numbers of CD4+ cells. No difference was seen in numbers of immunoglobulin containing plasma cells or mucosal mast cells between HIV infected and non-infected men.
Identification of Serum Amyloid A Protein As a Potentially Useful Biomarker to Monitor Relapse of Nasopharyngeal Cancer by Serum Proteomic Profiling
Authors: William C. S. Cho, Timothy T. C. Yip, Christine Yip, Victor Yip, Vanitha Thulasiraman, Roger K. C. Ngan, Tai-Tung Yip, Wai-Hon Lau, Joseph S. K. Au, Stephen C. K. Law, Wai-Wai Cheng, Victor W. S. Ma, Cadmon K. P. Lim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a common cancer in Hong Kong, and relapse can occur frequently. Using protein chip profiling analysis, we aimed to identify serum biomarkers that were useful in the diagnosis of relapse in NPC. Experimental Design: Profiling analysis was performed on 704 sera collected from 42 NPC patients, 39 lung cancer patients, 30 patients with the benign metabolic disorder thyrotoxicosis (TX), and 35 normal individuals (NM). Protein profile in each NPC patient during clinical follow up was correlated with the relapse status. Results: Profiling analysis identified two biomarkers with molecular masses of 11.6 and 11.8 kDa, which were significantly elevated in 22 of 31 (71%) and 21 of 31 (68%) NPC patients, respectively, at the time of relapse (RP) as compared with 11 patients in complete remission (CR; RP versus CR, P = 0.009), 30 TX (RP versus TX, P &amp;lt; 0.001), or 35 NM (RP versus NM, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The markers were also elevated in 16 of 39 (41%) lung cancer patients at initial diagnosis. By tryptic digestion, followed by tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation, the markers were identified as two isoforms of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein. Monitoring the patients longitudinally for SAA level both by protein chip and immunoassay showed a dramatic SAA increase, which correlated with relapse and a drastic fall correlated with response to salvage chemotherapy. Serum SAA findings were compared with those of serum Epstein-Barr virus DNA in three relapsed patients showing a similar correlation with relapse and chemo-response. Conclusions: SAA could be a useful biomarker to monitor relapse of NPC.
Safety and Efficacy of a Pentavalent Human–Bovine (WC3) Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine
Authors: Timo Vesikari, David O. Matson, Penelope Dennehy, Pierre Van Damme, Mathuram Santosham, Zoe Rodriguez, Michael J. Dallas, Joseph F. Heyse, Michelle G. Goveia, Steven B. Black, Henry R. Shinefield, Celia D.C. Christie, Samuli Ylitalo, Robbin F. Itzler, Michele L. Coia, Matthew T. Onorato, Ben A. Adeyi, Gary S. Marshall, Leif Gothefors, Dirk Campens, Aino Karvonen, James P. Watt, Katherine L. O'Brien, Mark J. DiNubile, H Fred Clark, John W. Boslego, Paul A. Offit, Penny M. Heaton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Rotavirus is a leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis and death worldwide.We studied healthy infants approximately 6 to 12 weeks old who were randomly assigned to receive three oral doses of live pentavalent human-bovine (WC3 strain) reassortant rotavirus vaccine containing human serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4, and P[8] or placebo at 4-to-10-week intervals in a blinded fashion. Active surveillance was used to identify subjects with serious adverse and other events.The 34,035 infants in the vaccine group and 34,003 in the placebo group were monitored for serious adverse events. Intussusception occurred in 12 vaccine recipients and 15 placebo recipients within one year after the first dose including six vaccine recipients and five placebo recipients within 42 days after any dose (relative risk, 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 6.4). The vaccine reduced hospitalizations and emergency department visits related to G1-G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis occurring 14 or more days after the third dose by 94.5 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 91.2 to 96.6 percent). In a nested substudy, efficacy against any G1-G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis through the first full rotavirus season after vaccination was 74.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 66.8 to 79.9 percent); efficacy against severe gastroenteritis was 98.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 88.3 to 100 percent). The vaccine reduced clinic visits for G1-G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis by 86.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 73.9 to 92.5 percent).This vaccine was efficacious in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis, decreasing severe disease and health care contacts. The risk of intussusception was similar in vaccine and placebo recipients. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00090233.)