tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Normalization of uremic acidosis in hemodialysis patients with a high bicarbonate dialysate.
Authors: C W Oettinger, J C Oliver
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1993)

Uremic acidosis accompanies chronic renal failure in hemodialysis patients because of a retention of nonvolatile acids. Standard bicarbonate (39 mEq/L) and acetate (38 mEq/L) dialysates do not completely correct the acidosis. The acid-base and biochemical effect of a high-bicarbonate (42 mEq/L) dialysate was evaluated in 38 patients during high-efficiency and high-flux dialysis over 12 wk. All patients were dialyzed on standard bicarbonate dialysate before the study and for 8 wk after the study. In order to monitor potential excessive alkalosis, predialysis and postdialysis arterial blood gases were measured in seven patients who initially had a normal predialysis pH. Serum chemistries revealed no significant changes in predialysis BUN, calcium, ionized calcium, or phosphorus during the 12-wk study. There was no change in postdialysis ionized calcium or phosphorus. Predialysis and postdialysis serum total CO2 (STCO2) increased over the 12-wk study (P < 0.0001). By week 12, 75% of the hemodialysis patients had an STCO2 > 23 mEq/L and no patient had an STCO2 > 30 mEq/L predialysis. After the 8-wk washout, all chemistries were no different from prestudy concentrations. Predialysis blood gases in seven patients with normal predialysis HCO3 revealed a significant increase (P < 0.009) in PCO2 and HCO3 over the 12-wk study; predialysis pH and PO2 did not change. There was no significant change in postdialysis blood gases. It was concluded that: (1) a high-bicarbonate dialysate corrects predialysis acidosis in 75% of hemodialysis patients without causing progressive alkalemia, hypoxia, or hypercarbia; and (2) predialysis BUN, calcium, ionized calcium, and phosphorus are unaffected by high-bicarbonate dialysate.
Les Staphylococcus aureus résistants à la méticilline dans les hôpitaux allemands développent des profils de résistance plus étroits
Authors: W Witte, C Braulke, D Heuck, C Cuny
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

Alors que la prevalence des Staphylococcus aureus resistants a la meticilline (SARM) dans les hopitaux allemands continue d’augmenter, la gamme d’antibiotiques auxquels ils sont resistants diminue. Cette tendance ne peut etre attribuee a des changements dans la consommation des antibiotiques. Il est necessaire que les mesures d’isolement des patients porteurs de SARM soient mieux respectees.
The changing face of a rare disease: lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Sergio Harari, Olga Torre, Roberto Cassandro, Joel Moss
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease characterised by cystic destruction of the lung, lymphatic abnormalities and abdominal tumours. It affects almost exclusively females and can occur sporadically or in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. In the past decade remarkable progress has been made in understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease leading to a new therapeutic approach. This review summarises recent advances regarding pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations, and highlights the current and the most promising future therapeutic strategies.
Uremic serum subfraction inhibits apolipoprotein A-I production by a human hepatoma cell line.
Authors: V S Kamanna, M L Kashyap, R Pai, D T Bui, F Y Jin, D D Roh, G M Shah, M A Kirschenbaum
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism are common in uremic patients and may represent an additional risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Despite the frequent occurrence of lipoprotein abnormalities, the role of various serum toxins and subfractions that accumulate in uremic patients on lipoprotein metabolism is not clearly understood. This study addressed the role of uremic toxins on lipoprotein metabolism by examining the effect of a 500 to 2,000-d subfraction obtained from the serum of uremic and control subjects on the synthesis of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in a human hepatoma cell line (Hep-G2). Serum subfractions obtained from uremic patients inhibited apo A-I synthesis and secretion by Hep-G2 cells in a dose-dependent manner as measured by (3H)leucine incorporation into apo A-I, immunoprecipitation, and ELISA. The uremic serum subfraction decreased the mRNA expression for apo A-I in Hep-G2 cells when compared with controls. These observations suggest that a component of uremic serum can have the potential to inhibit hepatic apo A-I synthesis and may adversely influence high-density lipoprotein metabolism, thus increasing the risk for the development of atherosclerotic vascular complications in uremic patients.
The heterochromatin of grasshoppers from the Caledia captiva species complex. I. Sequence evolution and conservation in a highly repeated DNA family.
Authors: M L Arnold, R Appels, D D Shaw
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1986)

The restriction enzyme TaqI digests 0.2% of the genomic DNA from the grasshopper Caledia captiva to a family of sequences 168 bp in length (length of consensus sequence). The sequence variation of this "Taq family" of repeat units was examined among four races from C. captiva to assay the pattern of evolution within this highly repeated DNA. The Taq-family repeats are located in C-banded heterochromatin on at least one member of each homologous pair of chromosomes; the locations range from centromeric to telomeric. Thirty-nine cloned repeats isolated from two population 1A individuals along with 11 clones from seven populations taken from three of the races demonstrated sequence variation at 72 positions. Pairwise comparisons of the cloned repeats, both within an individual and between different races, indicate that levels of intraspecific divergence, as measured by reproductive incompatibility, do not correlate with sequence divergence among the 168-bp repeats. A number of subsequences within the repeat remain unchanged among all 50 clones; the longest of these is 18 bp. That the same 18-bp subsequence is present in all clones examined is a finding that departs significantly (P less than 0.01) from what would be expected to occur at random. Two other cloned repeats, from a reproductively isolated race of C. captiva, have sequences that show 56% identity with this 18-bp conserved region. An analysis showed that the frequency of occurrence of an RsaI recognition site within the 168-bp repeat in the entire Taq family agreed with that found in the cloned sequences. These data, along with a partial sequence for the entire Taq family obtained by sequencing uncloned repeats, suggest that the consensus sequence from the cloned copies is representative of this highly repeated family and is not a biased sample resulting from the cloning procedure. The 18-bp conserved sequence is part of a 42-bp sequence that possesses dyad symmetry typical of protein-binding sites. We speculate that this may be significant in the evolution of the Taq family of sequences.
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 and oxidized low-density lipoprotein synergistically recruit osteogenic differentiation in endothelial cells
Authors: Lai-Ming Yung, Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues, Peter ten Dijke, Paul B. Yu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsVascular calcification contributes to mortality and morbidity in atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes. Vascular calcific lesions contain osteoblast- and chondroblast-like cells, suggesting a process of endochondral or membranous ossification thought to result from the phenotypic plasticity of vascular cells. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling potentiates atherosclerotic calcification, whereas BMP inhibition attenuates vascular inflammation and calcification in atherogenic mice. We hypothesized endothelial cells (ECs) may undergo osteogenic differentiation in response to BMP signalling and pro-atherogenic stimuli.
Evaluating Cryoablation of Metastatic Lung Tumors in Patients—Safety and Efficacy The ECLIPSE Trial—Interim Analysis at 1 Year
Authors: Thierry de Baere, Lambros Tselikas, David Woodrum, Fereidoun Abtin, Peter Littrup, Frederic Deschamps, Robert Suh, Hussein D. Aoun, Matthew Callstrom
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> To assess the feasibility, safety and local tumor control of cryoablation for treatment of pulmonary metastases. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant, IRB-approved, multicenter, prospective, single arm study included 40 patients with 60 lung metastases treated during 48 cryoablation sessions, with currently a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Patients were enrolled according to the following key inclusion criteria: 1 to 5 metastases from extrapulmonary cancers, with a maximal diameter of 3.5 cm. Local tumor control, disease-specific and overall survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Complications and changes in physical function and quality of life were also evaluated using Karnofsky performance scale, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status classification, and Short Form-12 health survey. <h3>Results</h3> Patients were 62.6 ± 13.3 years old (26–83). The most common primary cancers were colon (40%), kidney (23%), and sarcomas (8%). Mean size of metastases was 1.4 ± 0.7 cm (0.3–3.4), and metastases were bilateral in 20% of patients. Cryoablation was performed under general anesthesia (67%) or conscious sedation (33%). Local tumor control rates were 56 of 58 (96.6%) and 49 of 52 (94.2%) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Patient's quality of life was unchanged over the follow-up period. One-year overall survival rate was 97.5%. The rate of pneumothorax requiring chest tube insertion was 18.8%. There were three Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 procedural complications during the immediate follow-up period (pneumothorax requiring pleurodesis, noncardiac chest pain, and thrombosis of an arteriovenous fistula), with no grade 4 or 5 complications. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Cryoablation is a safe and effective treatment for pulmonary metastases with preserved quality of life following intervention.
Incidence and Prevalence
Authors: A Indrayan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

Extent of morbidity in a person or in a group of people can be measured in a variety of ways, but incidence and prevalence are the two most common indices for this purpose. These are not as simple as they look. This article explains the intricacies involved in these concepts and describes cautions that go alongwith these indices.
Systemic delivery of liposome-anchored anti-CD137 and IL2-Fc prevents lethal toxicity and elicits potent antitumor immunity
Authors: Yuan Zhang, Darrell J Irvine
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Many immunostimulatory drugs, such as agonistic antibodies to CD137 and interleukin (IL)-2, generate effective antitumor immune responses in preclinical studies, but demonstrate serious toxicity profiles after systemic administration, which hampers their clinical application. We
A Phase II, single-arm study of nivolumab in patients with metastatic or unresectable urothelial cancer who have progressed following treatment with a platinum agent
Authors: Padmanee Sharma, Marc-Oliver Grimm, Matthew D Galsky, Ari Baron, Sergio Bracarda, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Alexandre Lambert, Alex Azrilevich, Margitta Retz
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts Clinical trials in patients with advanced bladder cancer have reported response rates of up to approximately 30% and 60% with single-agent and multi-agent regimens, respectively, and minimal improvements in survival over best supportive care. Guidance on second-line treatment
RBFox1-mediated RNA splicing regulates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure
Authors: Chen Gao, Shuxun Ren, Jae-Hyung Lee, Jinsong Qiu, Douglas J. Chapski, Christoph D. Rau, Yu Zhou, Maha Abdellatif, Astushi Nakano, Thomas M. Vondriska, Xinshu Xiao, Xiang-Dong Fu, Jau-Nian Chen, Yibin Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

RNA splicing is a major contributor to total transcriptome complexity; however, the functional role and regulation of splicing in heart failure remain poorly understood. Here, we used a total transcriptome profiling and bioinformatic analysis approach and identified a muscle-specific isoform of an RNA splicing regulator, RBFox1 (also known as A2BP1), as a prominent regulator of alternative RNA splicing during heart failure. Evaluation of developing murine and zebrafish hearts revealed that RBFox1 is induced during postnatal cardiac maturation. However, we found that RBFox1 is markedly diminished in failing human and mouse hearts. In a mouse model, RBFox1 deficiency in the heart promoted pressure overload-induced heart failure. We determined that RBFox1 is a potent regulator of RNA splicing and is required for a conserved splicing process of transcription factor MEF2 family members that yields different MEF2 isoforms with differential effects on cardiac hypertrophic gene expression. Finally, induction of RBFox1 expression in murine pressure overload models substantially attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and pathological manifestations. Together, this study identifies regulation of RNA splicing by RBFox1 as an important player in transcriptome reprogramming during heart failure that influence pathogenesis of the disease.
Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of tularaemia and bioterrorism-related tularaemia
Authors: P Bossi, A Tegnell, A Baka, F van Loock, A Werner, J Hendriks, H Maidhof, G Gouvras
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Francisella tularensis is one of the most infectious pathogenic bacteria known, requiring inoculation or inhalation of as few as 10 organisms to initiate human infection. Inhalational tularaemia following intentional release of a virulent strain of F. tularensis would have great impact and cause high morbidity and mortality. Another route of contamination in a deliberate release could be contamination of water. Seven clinical forms, according to route of inoculation (skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, eyes, respiratory tract), dose of the inoculum and virulence of the organism (types A or B) are identified. The pneumonic form of the disease is the most likely form of the disease should this bacterium be used as a bioterrorism agent. Streptomycin and gentamicin are currently considered the treatment of choice for tularemia. Quinolone is an effective alternative drug. No isolation measures for patients with pneumonia are necessary. Streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline or ciprofloxacin are recommended for post-exposure prophylaxis.
Strict Blood-Pressure Control and Progression of Renal Failure in Children
Authors: The ESCAPE Trial Group
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Although inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system delays the progression of renal failure in adults with chronic kidney disease, the blood-pressure target for optimal renal protection is controversial. We assessed the long-term renoprotective effect of intensified blood-pressure control among children who were receiving a fixed high dose of an angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
Hydroxycarbamide versus chronic transfusion for maintenance of transcranial doppler flow velocities in children with sickle cell anaemia—TCD With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Russell E Ware, Barry R Davis, William H Schultz, R Clark Brown, Banu Aygun, Sharada Sarnaik, Isaac Odame, Beng Fuh, Alex George, William Owen, Lori Luchtman-Jones, Zora R Rogers, Lee Hilliard, Cynthia Gauger, Connie Piccone, Margaret T Lee, Janet L Kwiatkowski, Sherron Jackson, Scott T Miller, Carla Roberts, Matthew M Heeney, Theodosia A Kalfa, Stephen Nelson, Hamayun Imran, Kerri Nottage, Ofelia Alvarez, Melissa Rhodes, Alexis A Thompson, Jennifer A Rothman, Kathleen J Helton, Donna Roberts, Jamie Coleman, Melanie J Bonner, Abdullah Kutlar, Niren Patel, John Wood, Linda Piller, Peng Wei, Judy Luden, Nicole A Mortier, Susan E Stuber, Naomi L C Luban, Alan R Cohen, Sara Pressel, Robert J Adams
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Fibrinogen Niigata With Impaired Fibrin Assembly: An Inherited Dysfibrinogen With a Bβ Asn-160 to Ser Substitution Associated With Extra Glycosylation at Bβ Asn-158
Authors: Teruko Sugo, Chizuko Nakamikawa, Hiroshi Takano, Jun Mimuro, Shu-ichi Yamaguchi, Michael W. Mosesson, David A. Meh, James P. DiOrio, Noriko Takahashi, Hoyu Takahashi, Koichi Nagai, Michio Matsuda
Journal: Blood (1999)
The effects of calcium carbonate as the sole phosphate binder in combination with low calcium dialysate and calcitriol therapy in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Authors: C W Oettinger, J C Oliver, E J Macon
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Alternative phosphate binders, such as CaCO3, have been shown to be effective in the control of phosphate (P) retention in hemodialysis patients (HDP). Additionally, both oral (POC) and iv (IVC) calcitriol are purported to be of benefit in the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism. This investigation was undertaken to determine: (1) the effectiveness of CaCO3 as the sole P binder in combination with low (2.5 mEq/L) Ca dialysate; (2) the effects of discontinuing Al(OH)3 binders on both unstimulated and stimulated Al concentrations; and (3) the comparative parathyroid hormone (PTH) response to both POC and IVC in a large group of hemodialysis patients. One hundred ninety-four HDP completed part 1 of the study where CaCO3 was substituted for Al(OH)3 as the sole P binder for 6 months. A cohort of 49 HDP was given desferoximine (40 mg/kg) initially and 10 months after using CaCO3. In part 2, 54 HDP were given POC and 97 HDP were given IVC in dosages of 0.25 to 0.5 micrograms/day and 1.5 to 6.0 micrograms/wk, respectively, for an additional 6 months. In part 1, Ca and P were not different from baseline values observed with Al(OH)3 therapy. Ionized Ca increased (P < 0.05) and PTH decreased (P < 0.001) during CaCO3 therapy without vitamin D. In part 2, PTH declined 23% with IVC and was unchanged with POC in equivalent dosages (P < 0.05) at 3 months. By 6 months, PTH declined a total of 54% with IVC and was unchanged with POC. Ca, ionized Ca, P, and serum calcitriol were greater (P < 0.05) in the IVC group at 6 months. Serum Al concentrations for the entire 194 HDP fell 65% (P < 0.0001) over 12 months. In the 49 HDP cohort, serum Al fell 43.6% (P < 0.001) and stimulated Al concentrations decreased 68.7% (P < 0.0001) after 10 months. We conclude that: (1) CaCO3 is as effective as Al(OH)3 in controlling P, (2) a small decrease in PTH is observed with CaCO3 alone, (3) serologic evidence of Al excess is virtually eliminated, (4) PTH suppression with IVC is superior to that seen with POC in equivalent doses.
Generic sustained release tablets of trimetazidine hydrochloride: Preparation and in vitro–in vivo correlation studies
Authors: Longmei Wang, Ruihua Feng, Jinhua Gao, Yanwei Xi, Guihua Huang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

The aim of the current work was to develop generic sustained-release tablets containing 35 mg trimetazidine dihydrochloride and to establish an in vitro–in vivo correlation that could predict the bioavailability. The marketed sustained release tablet (Vastarel MR) used as reference, a sustained-release matrix tablet was prepared using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as matrix by wet granulation and the in vitro dissolution profiles of the self-made tablets were determined in four different dissolution media (0.1 M HCl, pH 4.5 PBS, pH 6.8 PBS and water). A higher similarity between prepared tablets and Vastarel MR was established, with similarity factor (f2) ranging from 60 to 75 in the four media. The in vivo pharmacokinetics was studied in six healthy beagles. Compared with Vastarel MR, the Cmax of self-made tablets was slightly decreased, while the Tmax and MRT0–t were slightly prolonged, but with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The average of relative bioavailability (F) was 102.52% based on AUC0–t. For log-transformed AUC0–t and Cmax, the upper confidence limit on the appropriate criterion is <0, indicating these two formulations were population bioequivalent. The in vivo–in vitro correlation coefficient obtained from point-to-point analysis of self-made tablets was 0.9720. In conclusion, the prepared tablets were bioequivalent to the marketed tablets, according to both the in vitro release rate and extent of absorption, and a good in vivo–in vitro correlation was established for the self-made tablets that indicated in vitro dissolution tests could be used as a surrogate for bioavailability studies.
Lower toxicity and higher efficacy: a study on a novel fully human anti-EGFR antibody
Authors: Weiyi Qiu, Shuang Wang
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2015)

Meeting abstracts We generated a novel fully human anti-EGFR antibody showed lower toxicity and higher efficacy in the preclinical, toxicological and pharmacological studies when compared to a commercial drug Cetuximab. In this research, we aimed to understand the probably mechanism. Firstly, the
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induces cell cycle arrest and parenchymal damage in renal fibrosis
Authors: Sara Lovisa, Valerie S LeBleu, Björn Tampe, Hikaru Sugimoto, Komal Vadnagara, Julienne L Carstens, Chia-Chin Wu, Yohannes Hagos, Birgitta C Burckhardt, Tsvetelina Pentcheva-Hoang, Hersharan Nischal, James P Allison, Michael Zeisberg, Raghu Kalluri
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Trichodysplasia spinulosa: a polyomavirus infection specifically targeting follicular keratinocytes in immunocompromised patients
Authors: J Rouanet, F Aubin, P Gaboriaud, P Berthon, Mariet C W Feltkamp, L Bessenay, Antoine Touzé, Jérôme T J Nicol, F Franck, M D'Incan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a rare skin disease, caused by a specific polyomavirus, occurring in immunocompromised patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms of TS are not yet fully understood. By using polymerase chain reaction and skin biopsy immunostaining we report evidence, in a paediatric case, of follicular keratinocytes being the primary target of trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus.
Tumors of Alimentary Tract in Mice Fed Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons in Mineral-Oil Emulsions&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E LORENZ, H L STEWART
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1948)

Journal Article Tumors of Alimentary Tract in Mice Fed Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons in Mineral-Oil Emulsions Get access Egon Lorenz, Egon Lorenz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold L. Stewart Harold L. Stewart National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 9, Issue 3, December 1948, Pages 173–180, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/9.3.173 Published: 01 December 1948 Article history Received: 18 June 1948 Published: 01 December 1948