tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy in the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Authors: Donato Ciaccia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 May 1997Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy in the Zollinger-Ellison SyndromeDonato Ciaccia, MD and Frank G. Gress, MDDonato Ciaccia, MDIndiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202Search for more papers by this author and Frank G. Gress, MDIndiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with great interest the article by Gibril and coworkers [1] on the use of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) for the detection of primary and metastatic gastrinomas in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The authors report a 58% sensitivity for diagnosing primary gastrinomas; this sensitivity was much higher than those of other methods-computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, and transabdominal ultrasonography.However, we were surprised by the authors' failure to mention endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) as the foremost diagnostic method for the localization of functioning islet cell tumors. The sensitivity of EUS for localization of hormonally active ...References1. Gibril F, Reynolds JC, Doppman JL, Chen CC, Venzon DJ, Termanini B, et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: its sensitivity compared with that of other imaging methods in detecting primary and metastatic gastrinomas. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:26-34. Google Scholar2. Rosch T, Lightdale C, Botet J, Boyce G, Sivak M, Yasuda K, et al. Localization of pancreatic endocrine tumors by endoscopic ultrasonography. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326:1721-6. Google Scholar3. Rosch T, Classen M. Pancreatic endocrine tumors. In: Gastroenterologic Endosonography: Textbook and Atlas. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers; 1992:134-9. Google Scholar4. Ruszniewski P, Amouyal P, Amouyal G, Grange JD, Mignon M, Bouche O, et al. Localization of gastrinomas by endoscopic ultrasonography in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Surgery. 1995; 117:629-35. Google Scholar5. Chang KJ, Katz KD, Durbin TE, Erickson RA, Butler JA, Lin F, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Gastrointest Endosc. 1994; 40:694-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Donato Ciaccia, MD; Frank G. Gress, MDAffiliations: Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byZollinger-Ellison syndrome 1 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 9 Page: 741 Keywords Angiography Biopsy Liver Magnetic resonance imaging Neuroendocrine tumors Radionuclide imaging Somatostatin Tomography Ultrasound imaging Zollinger Ellison syndrome ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Soya food intake and risk of endometrial cancer among Chinese women in Shanghai: population based case-control study
Authors: Wang Hong Xu, Wei Zheng, Yong Bing Xiang, Zhi Xian Ruan, Jia Rong Cheng, Qi Dai, Yu Tang Gao, Xiao Ou Shu
Journal: BMJ (2004)

To evaluate the association of intake of soya food, a rich source of phytoestrogens, with the risk of endometrial cancer.Population based case-control study, with detailed information on usual soya food intake over the past five years collected by face to face interview using a food frequency questionnaire.Urban Shanghai, China.832 incident cases of endometrial cancer in women aged of 30 to 69 years diagnosed during 1997-2001 and identified from the Shanghai Cancer Registry; 846 control women frequency matched to cases on age and randomly selected from the Shanghai Residential Registry.Odds ratios for risk of endometrial cancer in women with different intakes of soya foods.Regular consumption of soya foods, measured as amount of either soya protein or soya isoflavones, was inversely associated with the risk of endometrial cancer. Compared with women with the lowest quarter of intake, the adjusted odds ratio of endometrial cancer was reduced from 0.93 to 0.85 and 0.67 with increasing quarter of soya protein intake (P for trend 0.01). A similar inverse association was observed for soya isoflavones and soya fibre intake. The inverse association seemed to be more pronounced among women with high body mass index and waist:hip ratio.Regular intake of soya foods is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer.
An Isotype-specific Activator of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II Genes That Is Independent of Class II Transactivator
Authors: John Douhan, Rebecca Lieberson, Joan H.M. Knoll, Hong Zhou, Laurie H. Glimcher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Patients with one type of major histocompatibility complex class II combined immunodeficiency have mutations in a gene termed class II transactivator (CIITA), which coordinately controls the transcription of the three major human class II genes, HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP. However, the experimentally derived B-lymphoblastoid cell line, clone 13, expresses high levels of HLADQ in the absence of HLA-DR and HLA-DP, despite its mapping by complementation analysis to this group. It was possible that one of the clone 13 CIITA alleles bore a mutation that allowed HLA-DQ, but not HLA-DR or -DP transcription. Alternatively, another factor, distinct from CIITA, might control HLA-DQ expression. We report here that ectopic expression of CIITA cDNAs derived by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction from clone 13 do not restore expression of HLA-DQ in another CIITA-deficient cell line, RJ2.2.5. In addition, no CIITA protein is detectable in clone 13 nuclear extracts. In contrast, somatic cell fusion between clone 13 and RJ2.2.5 restored expression of the HLA-DQ haplotype encoded by the RJ2.2.5 DQB gene. Taken together, these data demonstrate the existence of an HLA-DQ isotype-specific trans-acting factor, which functions independently of CIITA.
Quality of information accompanying on-line marketing of home diagnostic tests
Authors: Adrija K Datta, Tara J Selman, Tony Kwok, Teresa Tang, Khalid S Khan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Objective To assess the quality of information provided to consumers by websites marketing medical home diagnostic tests. Design A cross-sectional analysis of a database developed from searching targeted websites. Setting Data sources were websites written in English which marketed medical home diagnostic tests. Main outcome measures A meta-search engine was used to identify the first 20 citations for each type of home diagnostic medical test. Relevant websites limited to those written in English were reviewed independently and in triplicate, with disputes resolved by two further reviewers. Information on the quality of these sites was extracted using a pre-piloted performer. Results 168 websites were suitable for inclusion in the review. The quality of these sites showed marked variation. Only 24 of 168 (14.2%) complied with at least three-quarters of the quality items and just over half (95 of 168, 56.5%) reported official approval or certification of the test. Information on accuracy of the test marketed was reported by 87 of 168 (51.7%) websites, with 15 of 168 (8.9%) providing a scientific reference. Instructions for use of the product were found in 97 of 168 (57.9%). However, the course of action to be taken after obtaining the test result was stated in only 63 of 168 (37.5%) for a positive result and 43 of 168 (25.5%) for a negative result. Conclusions The quality of information posted on commercial websites marketing home tests online is unsatisfactory and potentially misleading for consumers.
Intense Androgen-Deprivation Therapy With Abiraterone Acetate Plus Leuprolide Acetate in Patients With Localized High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Results of a Randomized Phase II Neoadjuvant Study
Authors: Mary-Ellen Taplin, Bruce Montgomery, Christopher J. Logothetis, Glenn J. Bubley, Jerome P. Richie, Bruce L. Dalkin, Martin G. Sanda, John W. Davis, Massimo Loda, Lawrence D. True, Patricia Troncoso, Huihui Ye, Rosina T. Lis, Brett T. Marck, Alvin M. Matsumoto, Steven P. Balk, Elahe A. Mostaghel, Trevor M. Penning, Peter S. Nelson, Wanling Xie, Zhenyang Jiang, Christopher M. Haqq, Daniel Tamae, NamPhuong Tran, Weimin Peng, Thian Kheoh, Arturo Molina, Philip W. Kantoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Cure rates for localized high-risk prostate cancers (PCa) and some intermediate-risk PCa are frequently suboptimal with local therapy. Outcomes are improved by concomitant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with radiation therapy, but not by concomitant ADT with surgery. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa; leuprolide acetate) does not reduce serum androgens as effectively as abiraterone acetate (AA), a prodrug of abiraterone, a CYP17 inhibitor that lowers serum testosterone (< 1 ng/dL) and improves survival in metastatic PCa. The possibility that greater androgen suppression in patients with localized high-risk PCa will result in improved clinical outcomes makes paramount the reassessment of neoadjuvant ADT with more robust androgen suppression.A neoadjuvant randomized phase II trial of LHRHa with AA was conducted in patients with localized high-risk PCa (N = 58). For the first 12 weeks, patients were randomly assigned to LHRHa versus LHRHa plus AA. After a research prostate biopsy, all patients received 12 additional weeks of LHRHa plus AA followed by prostatectomy.The levels of intraprostatic androgens from 12-week prostate biopsies, including the primary end point (dihydrotestosterone/testosterone), were significantly lower (dehydroepiandrosterone, Δ(4)-androstene-3,17-dione, dihydrotestosterone, all P < .001; testosterone, P < .05) with LHRHa plus AA compared with LHRHa alone. Prostatectomy pathologic staging demonstrated a low incidence of complete responses and minimal residual disease, with residual T3- or lymph node-positive disease in the majority.LHRHa plus AA treatment suppresses tissue androgens more effectively than LHRHa alone. Intensive intratumoral androgen suppression with LHRHa plus AA before prostatectomy for localized high-risk PCa may reduce tumor burden.
CORRELATION OF ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES OF OBESITY IN MIDDLE AGED ADULTS WITH RISK STRATIFICATION GROUPS BASED ON SHORT-TERM AND LIFETIME RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS
Authors: Aditya S. Bharadwaj, Ankit Rathod, Apurva Badheka, Rajeev Sudhakar, Vikas Veeranna, Hardik Doshi, Sony Jacob, Luis Afonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effects of submicrometer particle compositions on cytokine production and lipid peroxidation of human bronchial epithelial cells.
Authors: Song-Lih Huang, Miao-Kan Hsu, Chang-Chuan Chan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

To identify the size and components related to toxicity of ambient particles, we used a trichotomous impactor to collect 17 sets of particles in three size ranges--submicrometer (diameters < 1 microm; PM1.0, fine (diameters between 1 and 2.5 microm; PM1.0-2.5, and coarse (diameters between 2.5 and 10 microm; PM2.5-10--at stations monitoring background, urban, traffic, and industrial air in Taiwan. Elemental contents, carbon contents, soluble ions, and endotoxin content of particles were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, thermal analysis, ion chromatography, and the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, respectively. Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to particle extracts at 100 micro g/mL for 8 hr, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations in the medium and lipid peroxidation products were measured. Particle-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells was also measured. PM1.0 stimulation resulted in significantly higher IL-8 production and lipid peroxidation than PM2.5-10, whereas the responses elicited by PM1.0-2.5 were not significantly higher than blank filters. Untreated and polymyxin B-pretreated PM1.0 also stimulated more TNF-alpha production by RAW 264.7 cells than PM2.5-10 and PM1.0-2.5. Cytokine production was significantly associated with metal contents of PM1.0: IL-8 correlated with Cr and Mn, and TNF-alpha correlated with Fe and Cr. Lipid peroxidation in BEAS-2B cells correlated with elemental and organic carbon contents. Our study found that size and composition of ambient particles were both important factors in inducing cytokine production and lipid peroxidation.
Endothelial activation and apoptosis mediated by neutrophil-dependent interleukin 6 trans-signalling: a novel target for systemic sclerosis?
Authors: T. C. Barnes, D. G. Spiller, M. E. Anderson, S. W. Edwards, R. J. Moots
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality and generally inadequate treatment. Endothelial cell activation and apoptosis are thought to be pivotal in the pathogenesis of this disease, but the mechanisms that mediate this remain unknown. <h3>Methods</h3> Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were cultured with healthy control neutrophils in the presence of 25% healthy control or SSc serum for 24 h. Apoptosis was measured by annexin V-FITC binding and endothelial cell activation was measured using an allophycocyanin-conjugated E-selectin antibody. Fluorescence was quantified and localised using confocal microscopy. <h3>Results</h3> SSc serum resulted in significantly increased apoptosis (p=0.006) and E-selectin expression (p=0.00004) in endothelial cells compared with control serum, effects that were critically dependent on the presence of neutrophils. Recombinant interleukin 6 (IL-6) reproduced these findings. Immunodepletion of IL-6 and the use of an IL-6 neutralising antibody decreased the effect of SSc serum on E-selectin expression. Soluble gp130, which specifically blocks IL-6 trans-signalling, negated the effect of SSc serum on both E-selectin expression and apoptosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> SSc serum induces endothelial cell activation and apoptosis in endothelial cell-neutrophil co-cultures, mediated largely by IL-6 and dependent on the presence of neutrophils. Together with other pathologically relevant effects of IL-6, these data justify further exploration of IL-6 as a therapeutic target in SSc.
Treatment of the Infertile Marriage
Authors: R. C. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1948)

INFECUNDITYMBRms 851 weight or other response.Sugared foods were then entirely excluded from the diet, and the usual response occurred in these cases.The data, so far, certainly do not suggest that highly processed sugar is any better than the crude substance.7. Age Factor.-Therelationship between refractory infective conditions, metabolic state, and response to oestrogens is further complicated by an age factor, the threefold disturbance being comparatively less common in infecund women under 30: its incidence seems to rise, like that of obesity in general, during the fourth decade of life.The complex here discussed represents one of the modes by which fecundity declines.8. General Notes.-Theuse of sugar-free diets is not suggested for cases of obesity in general, for our experience is entirely limited to infecund women in the reproductive phase of life.Also, the syndrome involving refractory genital infection, overweight, and lack of response to hormones may be determined by specific and topical conditions such as the prevailing food restrictions combined with the demand made upon the physical resources of women in this country during the past years.Nevertheless, we are sub- mitting our findings because the dietary measures described have been of great practical assistance to us in our work; and in recent months dietary measures have been employed in every suitable case from the very beginning of treatment in order to save time.SummaryRefractory cervical block is a common cause of infecundity in overweight women aged 30 to 40.It tends to respond to treatment by antibiotics and oestrogens if loss of weight is first procured by dietary nTeasures.Suitable diets which do not interfere with the routine of the subjects are described.Their main characteristic is the exclusion of sucrose, with concomi- tant increase in other foods chosen to produce a diet adequate for maintenance and reproduction within the limita- tions imposed by rationing.The bacteriological investigations for the present series were carried out by Dr. R. C. Matson, pathologist, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, to whom our thanks are due for help and advice on many occasions.His routine procedure is summarized in the foot- note.We are also indebted to Mr. A. L. Bacharach for discussion of nutritional aspects of this investigation,
Abnormal electrocardiographic findings in athletes: recognising changes suggestive of cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jonathan A Drezner, Euan Ashley, Aaron L Baggish, Mats Börjesson, Domenico Corrado, David S Owens, Akash Patel, Antonio Pelliccia, Victoria L Vetter, Michael J Ackerman, Jeff Anderson, Chad A Asplund, Bryan C Cannon, John DiFiori, Peter Fischbach, Victor Froelicher, Kimberly G Harmon, Hein Heidbuchel, Joseph Marek, Stephen Paul, Jordan M Prutkin, Jack C Salerno, Christian M Schmied, Sanjay Sharma, Ricardo Stein, Mathew Wilson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of heart muscle diseases and collectively are the leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes. The 12-lead ECG is utilised as both a screening and diagnostic tool for detecting conditions associated with SCD. Fundamental to the appropriate evaluation of athletes undergoing ECG is an understanding of the ECG findings that may indicate the presence of an underlying pathological cardiac disorder. This article describes ECG findings present in cardiomyopathies afflicting young athletes and outlines appropriate steps for further evaluation of these ECG abnormalities. The ECG findings defined as abnormal in athletes were established by an international consensus panel of experts in sports cardiology and sports medicine.
Book Review A Color Atlas of Urine Microscopy (Chapman &amp; Hall Medical Atlas Series. No. 13.) By D.F. Birch, K.F. Fairley, G.J. Becker, and P. Kincaid-Smith. 148 pp., illustrated. New York, Chapman &amp; Hall, 1994. $125. 0-412-47950-8
Authors: Juan P. Bosch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)
Impaired arm activity in COPD: a questionable goal for rehabilitation
Authors: E. M. Clini, N. Ambrosino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Arm training should be included in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes of COPD patients http://ow.ly/tkRVpThe most common extrapulmonary problems in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are cardiovascular comorbidities, muscle weakness and dysfunction [1-3].Indeed, the reduced peripheral muscle mass and strength increase patient's symptoms during effort (fatigue and or dyspnoea) and progressively lead to disability.Furthermore, both lower and upper limb dysfunction has been shown to independently predict the long-term prognosis of COPD patients [2].
EDUCATIONAL NUMBER, SESSION 1933-4: THE PRACTITIONER AND THE PUBLIC
Authors: E. K. Le Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1933)

Time has brought many changes in the relationship between the practitioner and the public.In the earlier periods of the development of medical practice in this country these changes were the result of influences at work in the rank-s of the profession itself, but of late years they have arisen as the outcome of an altered attitude of the public mind to questions of health.In no period have these changes been so marked as in the years of the present century. INTERVENTION OF THE STATECoincident with the rapid advance in surg.ery and medicine and the development of hospital and subsidiary medical -services, there has been a great increase in the concern of the State-for the national health and.a quicken- ing of public interest in the prevention of disease.These changes have not -been wuithout profound influence on the position of the general practitioner.Not only are the
Response to the Letter by Schmidt et al Regarding “Nox4 Is a Janus-Faced Reactive Oxygen Species Generating NADPH Oxidase”
Authors: Katrin Schröder, Sebastian Benkhoff, Anja Mieth, Rainer Pliquett, Judith Kosowski, Christoph Kruse, U. Ruth Michaelis, Stefanie Dimmeler, Ralf P. Brandes, Min Zhang, Ajay M. Shah, Peter Luedike, Norbert Weissmann
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)
Combined Stimulation with the T Helper Cell Type 2 Cytokines Interleukin (Il)-4 and IL-10 Induces Mouse Mast Cell Apoptosis
Authors: C. Fitzhugh Yeatman, Sarah M. Jacobs-Helber, Paria Mirmonsef, Sheila R. Gillespie, Lawrence Andrew Bouton, Henrietta A. Collins, Stephen T. Sawyer, Christopher P. Shelburne, John J. Ryan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Mast cells are found in connective and mucosal tissues throughout the body. Their activation via immunoglobulin E (IgE)–antigen interactions is promoted by T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines and leads to the sequelae of allergic disease. We now report a mechanism by which Th2 cytokines can regulate mast cell survival. Specifically, we find that interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 induce apoptosis in IL-3–dependent bone marrow–derived mast cells and peritoneal mast cells. This process required 6 d of costimulation with IL-3, IL-4, and IL-10, and expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6). Apoptosis was coupled with decreased expression of bcl-xL and bcl-2. While this process occurred independent of the Fas pathway, culture in IL-3+IL-4+IL-10 greatly sensitized mast cells to Fas-mediated death. Additionally, we found that IgE cross-linkage or stimulation with stem cell factor enhanced the apoptotic abilities of IL-4 and IL-10. Finally, IL-3–independent mastocytomas and mast cell lines were resistant to apoptosis induced by IL-3+IL-4+IL-10. These data offer evidence of Th2 cytokine–mediated homeostasis whereby these cytokines both elicit and limit allergic responses. Dysregulation of this pathway may play a role in allergic disease and mast cell tumor survival.
Pheophorbide a Is a Specific Probe for ABCG2 Function and Inhibition
Authors: Robert W. Robey, Kenneth Steadman, Orsolya Polgar, Kuniaki Morisaki, Margaret Blayney, Prakash Mistry, Susan E. Bates
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Pheophorbide a (PhA), a chlorophyll catabolite, was shown to be an ABCG2 substrate based on Abcg2(-/-) knockout mouse studies (J. W. Jonker et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99: 15649-15654, 2002). We developed a functional assay for ABCG2 using PhA and the ABCG2 inhibitor fumitremorgin C. In selected cell lines expressing high levels of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, or ABCG2, PhA transport was observed only in cells expressing ABCG2. Fumitremorgin C-inhibitable PhA transport was found to correlate with cell surface ABCG2 expression as measured by the anti-ABCG2 antibody 5D3. We found that 100 micro M of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor UCN-01 or 1 micro M of the P-glycoprotein inhibitor tariquidar inhibited ABCG2-mediated PhA transport. In 4-day cytotoxicity assays, ABCG2-mediated resistance to SN-38 and topotecan was abrogated in ABCG2-transfected HEK-293 cells treated with 1 micro M tariquidar, and ABCG2-transfected cells were 6-7-fold resistant to UCN-01. PhA is an ABCG2-specific substrate with potential value in measuring ABCG2 function and expression in clinical samples.