tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obstructive sleep apnoea and its association with gestational hypertension
Authors: K. Champagne, K. Schwartzman, L. Opatrny, P. Barriga, L. Morin, A. Mallozzi, A. Benjamin, R. J. Kimoff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Hypertension develops in 10% of pregnancies. Snoring, a marker of obstructive sleep apnoea, is a newly identified risk factor for gestational hypertension. Moreover, obstructive sleep apnoea is an independent risk factor for incident hypertension in the non-pregnant population. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with new onset of hypertension among pregnant females. A case–control study was performed involving 17 pregnant females with gestational hypertension and 33 pregnant females without hypertension. Subjects were frequency-matched for gestational age and recruited in a tertiary obstetrical centre. Obstructive sleep apnoea was ascertained by polysomnography and defined by an apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) of ≥15 events·h −1 , without requirement for desaturation. The mean± sd AHI for normotensive pregnant females was 18.2±12.2 events·h −1 compared with 38.6±36.7 events·h −1 for females with hypertensive pregnancies. The crude odds ratio for the presence of obstructive sleep apnoea given the presence of gestational hypertension was 5.6. The odds ratio was 7.5 (95% confidence interval 3.5–16.2), based on a logistic regression model with adjustment for maternal age, gestational age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, prior pregnancies, and previous live births. In conclusion, gestational hypertension appears to be strongly associated with the presence of obstructive sleep apnoea.
Diagnosis of Intra-abdominal and Pelvic Abscesses by Computerized Tomography
Authors: P. Ruben Koehler
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Review of the medical records and x-ray films of 110 patients with the diagnosis "rule out abscess" showed that computerized tomography (CT) was able to correctly identify and localize a lesion in 78/79 patients. In five patients an uninfected mass was found by CT. Of 32 patients in whom no abscess was shown, only one had an abscess requiring drainage. Computerized tomography was particularly helpful in the postoperative patients in whom ultrasound examinations are difficult to perform. In many patients aspiration or drainage procedures were done at the time of examination, thus allowing us to reach immediately a final diagnosis. Based on this experience, we concluded that CT is an accurate, fast, and cost-effective examination for the diagnosis of abscesses.
Superfused mini-pig skin. A new method for studying the interaction of drugs with prostaglandin biosynthesis
Authors: C. N. HENSBY, A. CHATELUS, A. CIVIER, H. SCHAEFER, B. SHROOT, K. I. WILLIAMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 111, Issue s27 p. 136-142 Superfused mini-pig skin. A new method for studying the interaction of drugs with prostaglandin biosynthesis C. N. HENSBY, C. N. HENSBY Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. CHATELUS, A. CHATELUS Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. CIVIER, A. CIVIER Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorH. SCHAEFER, H. SCHAEFER Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorB. SHROOT, B. SHROOT Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorK. I. WILLIAMS, K. I. WILLIAMS Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this author C. N. HENSBY, C. N. HENSBY Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. CHATELUS, A. CHATELUS Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. CIVIER, A. CIVIER Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorH. SCHAEFER, H. SCHAEFER Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorB. SHROOT, B. SHROOT Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorK. I. WILLIAMS, K. I. WILLIAMS Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques, Sophia Antipolis, F-06565 Valbcaine, FranceSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1984 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb15591.xCitations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume111, Issues27July 1984Pages 136-142 RelatedInformation
Comparison of pulmonary artery diastolic and left ventricular end diastolic pressures in patients with ischaemic heart disease
Authors: R. BALCON, E. D. BENNETT, G. E. SOWTON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Journal Article Comparison of pulmonary artery diastolic and left ventricular end diastolic pressures in patients with ischaemic heart disease Get access R. BALCON, R. BALCON 1 From the Institute of Cardiology, London 1 Requests for re-prints to Raphael Balcon. London Chest Hospital, Bonner Road, London, E2 9JX. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. D. BENNETT, E. D. BENNETT From the Institute of Cardiology, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. E. SOWTON G. E. SOWTON From the Institute of Cardiology, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 6, Issue 2, March 1972, Pages 172–175, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/6.2.172 Published: 01 March 1972
Dupilumab in persistent asthma with elevated eosinophil levels
Authors: Ruksha Bhadresha
Journal: Thorax (2013)

CLUBDupilumab in persistent asthma with elevated eosinophil levels Monoclonal antibodies are an effective treatment for a number of inflammatory autoimmune conditions, particularly those refractory to first-line medications.In asthma, airway inflammation may be associated with Th2 cell overactivity and raised eosinophils in up to 50% of cases.Th2 activation leads to the release of interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4, which mediate their effects via receptors containing the IL-4 α subunit.Dupilumab is an IL-4 α subunit inhibitor aiming to block both signalling pathways and reduce airway inflammation.The authors conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of persistent moderate-to-severe asthma.They recruited 104 patients, aged 18-65, who had an elevated blood or sputum eosinophil count and symptoms that remained poorly controlled despite medium-dose to high-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting bronchodilators (LABAs).Patients received once-weekly subcutaneous injections of dupilumab or placebo for 12 weeks or until they suffered an asthma exacerbation.LABAs were discontinued at week 4, and ICSs tapered from week 6 to stop by week 9.The primary outcome was an asthma exacerbation requiring systemic steroids or hospital attendance.This was seen in 6% of those receiving dupilumab and 44% of those receiving placebo.In terms of secondary outcomes, dupilumab patients showed significant improvements in FEV 1 , morning peak respiratory flow rate, asthma symptoms, nocturnal awakening, salbutamol use and Th2-associated inflammatory markers.These promising results warrant further investigation over a longer time frame.Adverse effects, notably injection-site reactions, nasopharyngitis, nausea and headache, were reported more frequently with dupilumab; hence, further studies are required to determine its longterm safety and side-effect profile, something that may ultimately affect patient compliance.
Functional Loss of the <i>γ-Catenin</i> Gene through Epigenetic and Genetic Pathways in Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hiroaki Shiina, Julia E. Breault, William W. Basset, Hideki Enokida, Shinji Urakami, Long-Cheng Li, Steven T. Okino, Masao Deguchi, Masanori Kaneuchi, Masaharu Terashima, Tatsuaki Yoneda, Kazushi Shigeno, Peter R. Carroll, Mikio Igawa, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract γ-Catenin is a cell adhesion molecule and a candidate mediator of Wnt signal transduction. We hypothesized that impaired regulation of γ-catenin through genetic and epigenetic pathways is associated with the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. To test this hypothesis, cytosine-phosphate-guanine methylation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and mutation status of the γ-catenin gene were analyzed in cultured prostate cancer cell lines, 180 localized prostate cancers, 69 benign prostatic hyperplasias, and 11 hormone refractory prostate cancers (HRPC). In prostate cancer cell lines (DuPro, LNCaP, ND-1, and PC3), γ-catenin mRNA transcripts were increased after 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment. In localized prostate cancer, γ-catenin expression was lower but prevalence of γ-catenin methylation was higher compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, γ-catenin methylation did not correlate with Gleason sum, pT category, or capsular penetration. Among localized prostate cancers with positive γ-catenin methylation, the presence of LOH at chromosome 17q21 was closely related to down-regulation of γ-catenin mRNA expression. The γ-catenin mutations were not found in localized prostate cancers, whereas six mutations were found in five HRPCs within or close to the GSK-3β consensus motif phosphorylation site, among which four HRPCs showed strong nuclear γ-catenin accumulation. In these four HRPCs, Bcl-2 expression was increased, whereas the target of the Wnt signal, c-myc, was only expressed in one HRPC. Therefore, although epigenetic γ-catenin methylation is an early event in the development of prostate cancer, simultaneous events of epigenetic cytosine-phosphate-guanine methylation and genetic LOH may be responsible for functional loss of γ-catenin. The γ-catenin mutation related to Bcl-2 overexpression has a significant effect on the pathogenesis of HRPC. This is the first report to characterize the epigenetic and genetic regulation of γ-catenin in human prostate cancer.
Interleukin (Il)-4 Is a Major Regulatory Cytokine Governing Bioactive IL-12 Production by Mouse and Human Dendritic Cells
Authors: Hubertus Hochrein, Meredith O'Keeffe, Thomas Luft, Stéphane Vandenabeele, Raelene J. Grumont, Eugene Maraskovsky, Ken Shortman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Interleukin (IL)-12 may be secreted as a bioactive T helper type 1 (Th1) cell–inducing heterodimer, as a monomer, or as an antagonistic homodimer. We analyzed the IL-12 produced by mouse splenic dendritic cells (DCs), human thymic DCs, and cultured human monocyte-derived DCs. IL-12 production required both a microbial or T cell–derived stimulus and an appropriate cytokine milieu. The different IL-12 forms were differentially regulated by the cytokines present rather than the stimulus used. IL-4 alone or together with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interferon γ effectively enhanced the production of the bioactive heterodimer and selectively reduced the antagonistic homodimer of IL-12. Therefore, IL-4, the major Th2-driving cytokine, provides a negative feedback causing DCs to produce the major Th1-inducing cytokine, bioactive IL-12.
AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF TRANSPLANTED TUMOR AND A TRANSPLANTED NORMAL TISSUE CAPABLE OF GROWTH
Authors: Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1910)

The present paper deals with a comparison of the conditions which determine the fate of transplanted tumor and of a transplanted normal tissue capable of growth. Mouse embryo and mouse-tumor were employed as material. It was shown that individuals differ as hosts for transplanted embryo, some being naturally resistant to its growth, and some favorable, just as is known to be the case where tumor is concerned. The fate of implanted tumor depends directly on whether it elicits from the host a vascularizing stroma. So, too, it is with implanted embryo. Furthermore mouse-embryo, like mouse-tumor, when introduced into rats calls forth a stroma and grows for a brief period. In attempt to answer the question as to whether individuals favorable (or resistant) to implanted tumor are likewise favorable (or resistant) to implanted embryo, it was shown that the factors of age, nutritive condition, and race, which are potent in determining an animal's status as a tumor-host, act similarly in determining that for embryo. Using embryonic tissue and a method which has proven effective for the production of immunity to implanted tumor, an immunity to implanted embryo was brought about. This immunity manifests itself in the same way as that for implanted tumor, namely, by an absence of the stroma-reaction necessary to life of the engrafted tissue. These results demonstrate how largely tumor obeys in its adaptation to a new host and growth therein, the general laws regulating a transplanted normal tissue. Besides the phenomena here dealt with many others that have held the attention of workers with transplantable tumors are probably not peculiar to neoplasm. The present findings emphasize the importance of the tumor-problem as a tissue-problem; and they further indicate how essential it is in cancer work to discriminate between characters unique with tumor and those which it possesses in common with normal tissue.
The Treatment of Lachrymal Obstructions by Styles
Authors: R. S. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1897)

how the presence of such a large proportion of nitrogen is produced, although knowing the small proportion of nitrogen which exists free in the blood of warm-blooded animals it seems probable that an actual metabolic process must be brought into play.But we may fairly conclude from these analyses that the presence of a large proportion of nitrogen in the mixture of gases contained in any viscus does not necessarily imply that the origin of that gas is the atmo- spheric air.If one can argue that what is the case in cold- blooded vertebrata is probably true as regards warm-blooded
The requirement for lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 in homotypic leukocyte adhesion stimulated by phorbol ester.
Authors: R Rothlein, T A Springer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Lymphocytes become adherent and aggregate after stimulation with phorbol esters such as PMA. Time-lapse video showed that aggregating cells were motile and exhibited vigorous pseudopodial movements. Adhesion sites were initiated between pseudopodia of neighboring cells, and then moved to the uropod. PMA-stimulated aggregation by EBV-transformed B cell lines, SKW-3 (a T cell line), differentiated U937 (a monocytic line), and blood lymphocytes was inhibited by mAbs to LFA-1. A number of different mAb to the LFA-1 alpha and beta subunits and F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments inhibited aggregation. Furthermore, lymphoblasts from normal individuals, but not from LFA-1-deficient patients, aggregated in response to PMA. These findings suggest LFA-1 is critically involved in stimulated lymphocyte adhesion. LFA-1 expression was not increased by PMA stimulation, showing that other mechanisms regulate LFA-1-dependent adherence. LFA-1-deficient patient cells were able to coaggregate with LFA-1+ cells, showing that aggregation is not mediated by like-like interactions between LFA-1 molecules on opposite cells. Aggregation was Mg+2-dependent, inhibited by cytochalasin B, and was reversed when LFA-1 mAb was added to preformed aggregates. Previous findings suggesting that LFA-1 is important in a wide variety of leukocyte functions are elucidated by this work, which shows that LFA-1 is a general leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, the activity of which is regulated by cell activation.
Destructino of Murine Lymphoma Cells by Allogeneic Periotoneal Macrophages In Vitro: Influence of Antiserum&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K P Dingemans, E Pels, G van Dongen, W den Otter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Peritoneal macrophages isolated from intact inbred C57BL/10ScCr mice and from inbred C57BL/10ScCr mice previously immunized with the allogeneic SL2 lymphoma were incubated with SL2 cells with and without antiserum. The mode of interaction of the cells during the first 4 hours was studied ultrastructurally. Normal macrophages interacted with the tumor cells only when antiserum was present. The main feature was a partial enveloping of the tumor cells by thin lamellipodia without any visible cell damage. Immune macrophages without antiserum killed the tumor cells extracellularly by a process of apoptosis and subsequently phagocytized the cell remnants, as described previously. In the presence of antiserum, immune macrophages phagocytized intact tumor cells with very long, slender lamellipodia. Subsequently, the tumor cells underwent intracellular necrosis that seemed to be initiated by the release by the macrophage of complete lysosomes into the phagosome containing the tumor cell. In addition to altering the mode of interaction, antiserum greatly increased the degree of cytotoxicity.
Tracing the History of Goat Pastoralism: New Clues from Mitochondrial and Y Chromosome DNA in North Africa
Authors: F. Pereira, S. Queiros, L. Gusmao, I. J. Nijman, E. Cuppen, J. A. Lenstra, E. Consortium, S. J.M. Davis, F. Nejmeddine, A. Amorim
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Valuable insights into the history of human populations have been obtained by studying the genetic composition of their domesticated species. Here we address some of the long-standing questions about the origin and subsequent movements of goat pastoralism in Northern Africa. We present the first study combining results from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome loci for the genetic characterization of a domestic goat population. Our analyses indicate a remarkably high diversity of maternal and paternal lineages in a sample of indigenous goats from the northwestern fringe of the African continent. Median-joining networks and a multidimensional scaling of ours and almost 2000 published mtDNA sequences revealed a considerable genetic affinity between goat populations from the Maghreb (Northwest Africa) and the Near East. It has been previously shown that goats have a weak phylogeographic structure compatible with high levels of gene flow, as demonstrated by the worldwide dispersal of the predominant mtDNA haplogroup A. In contrast, our results revealed a strong correlation between genetic and geographical distances in 20 populations from different regions of the world. The distribution of Y chromosome haplotypes in Maghrebi goats indicates a common origin for goat patrilines in both Mediterranean coastal regions. Taken together, these results suggest that the colonization and subsequent dispersal of domestic goats in Northern Africa was influenced by the maritime diffusion throughout the Mediterranean Sea and its coastal regions of pastoralist societies whose economy included goat herding. Finally, we also detected traces of gene flow between goat populations from the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula corroborating evidence of past cultural and commercial contacts across the Strait of Gibraltar.
Regional and global left ventricular function in infants with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk: preoperative and postoperative assessment.
Authors: A J Rein, S D Colan, I A Parness, S P Sanders
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk (ALCA) remains a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic problem. The purposes of this study were: (1) to analyze left ventricular mechanics, including regional wall motion, in infants with ALCA, (2) to determine if the pattern of wall motion in infants with ALCA distinguishes these patients from those with congestive cardiomyopathy of other causes, and (3) to evaluate the potential for recovery of left ventricular function after successful restoration of a dual coronary artery system. Left ventricular mechanics were studied before and serially after surgery in six infants (2 to 13 months old) with ALCA. Fifteen age-matched normal subjects and seven age-matched patients with idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy were also studied for comparison. Preoperatively, the end-diastolic volume in infants with ALCA was about four times larger than normal and did not differ from that in infants with CM; the myocardial volume was also about three times larger than normal, similar to that in the patients with CM. The myocardial volume/end-diastolic volume ratio was extremely low in patients with ALCA and in those with CM. The infants with ALCA did not exhibit specific segmental wall motion abnormalities but rather had global hypokinesis indistinguishable from that in the patients with CM. After successful repair, end-diastolic volume index rapidly decreased, reaching near normal values by 7 to 22 months after surgery, while myocardial volume index decreased at a slower rate, leading to an early phase of "overshoot hypertrophy," but reaching normal values by 7 to 22 months after surgery.+
Stonehenge: a view from medicine
Authors: A. M Perks, D. M. Bailey
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Stonehenge, with its stone circles and awe-inspiring arches, the trilithons, has stood over Salisbury Plain, in the centre of southern England, for over 4000 years (Figure 1); it is said to be the largest and most complete megalithic monument in Europe, and is probably older than the Great Pyramid of Egypt1,2,3. For most of the past thousand years it has been a centre of mystery, and at least three kings and two notable physicians have taken serious interest in it and the lost people who built it. Here we offer a theory based on the resemblance of the henge to the human vulva, with the birth canal at its centre.



Figure 1

Stonehenge: a general view (Photo, EA Wakefield, reproduced with permission from ‘Science and Stonehenge’, Proceedings of the British Academy—see Ref 17)