tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticosteroids in football: use and misuse
Authors: J Dvorak, N Feddermann, K Grimm
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Background and objectives: Glucocorticosteroids are widely used in medicine and have shown unchallenged therapeutic potential in several chronic inflammatory and other diseases. They are also widely used in sports medicine for the treatment of conditions such as asthma and acute injuries. In fact, as banned substances, most requests for therapeutic use exemption concern glucocorticosteroids. Nevertheless, their beneficial effect in certain conditions in sports, where inflammation is only a secondary reaction, remains to be validated. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the literature covering the therapeutic use of glucocorticosteroids since 1977 in conditions ranging from chronic rheumatic illness to peritendinous or intra-articular injection in acute injuries. Methods: Search of the medical literature published between 1977 and 2006 using PubMed. Articles relevant to the question “When and if at all is the use of glucocorticosteroids justified in football?” were selected and analysed. Results and conclusions: The findings clearly point out that, despite the common use of glucocorticosteroids in acute injuries in sports, there is actually limited evidence of the true benefits of such a practice. Physicians must take the possible adverse effects into consideration. In an athlete with clinically verified asthma, inhalational glucocorticosteroids remain first line therapy. Finally, for the purposes of education and prevention of misuse, it should be stressed that a measurable performance enhancing effect of glucocorticoids could not be proved on the basis of the results of the scientific studies to date.
Prospective Observational Study of Breast Cancer Treatment Outcomes for UK Women Aged 18–40 Years at Diagnosis: The POSH Study
Authors: Ellen Copson, Bryony Eccles, Tom Maishman, Sue Gerty, Louise Stanton, Ramsey I. Cutress, Douglas G. Altman, Lorraine Durcan, Peter Simmonds, Gill Lawrence, Louise Jones, Judith Bliss, Diana Eccles
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

Breast cancer at a young age is associated with poor prognosis. The Prospective Study of Outcomes in Sporadic and Hereditary Breast Cancer (POSH) was designed to investigate factors affecting prognosis in this patient group. Between 2000 and 2008, 2956 patients aged 40 years or younger were recruited to a UK multicenter prospective observational cohort study (POSH). Details of tumor pathology, disease stage, treatment received, and outcome were recorded. Overall survival (OS) and distant disease-free interval (DDFI) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. All statistical tests were two-sided. Median age of patients was 36 years. Median tumor diameter was 22mm, and 50% of patients had positive lymph nodes; 59% of tumors were grade 3, 33.7% were estrogen receptor (ER) negative, and 24% were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive. Five-year OS was higher for patients with ER-positive than ER-negative tumors (85.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 83.2% to 86.7% vs 75.7%, 95% CI = 72.8% to 78.4%; P < .001), but by eight years, survival was almost equal. The eight-year OS of patients with ER-positive tumors was similar to that of patients with ER-negative tumors in both HER2-positive and HER2-negative subgroups. The flexible parametric survival model for OS shows that the risk of death increases steadily over time for patients with ER-positive tumors in contrast to patients with ER-negative tumors, where risk of death peaked at two years. These results confirm the increased frequency of ER-negative tumors and early relapse in young patients and also demonstrate the equally poor longer-term outlook of young patients who have ER-positive tumors with HER2-negative or -positive disease.
Longitudinal development of skin involvement and reliability of high frequency ultrasound in systemic sclerosis
Authors: A Akesson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Measurement of skin involvement is essential for diagnosis and prognosis in systemic sclerosis. Assessment by palpation skin score is the current method.To explore high frequency ultrasound as an objective method to improve skin characterisation by combining measurements of skin thickness and echogenicity.Skin thickness and echogenicity were measured at the proximal phalanx of the second digit, the back of the hand, the forearm, and the lower leg and, in order to separate limited (lSSc) from diffuse SSc (dSSc), at the chest in 16 patients with early disease and in 16 controls. Measurements were repeated in each patient three or four times with an interval of 1-2 years. Ultrasound measurements of skin thickness were compared with the palpation skin score.Compared with controls, the skin was thickened on the phalanx, hand, forearm, and chest of patients with dSSc, but not patients with lSSc, at the 1 year examination. In dSSc the degree of thickening tended to diminish with time, and at 4 years, thickness was significantly decreased on the forearm and chest compared with the 1 year measurements. Low reflectancy was most pronounced at the 1 year evaluation on the forearm, hand, and phalanx in dSSc, and on the phalanx in lSSc.Separate measurements of skin thickness and echogenicity by high frequency ultrasound add a new dimension to the assessment of skin involvement in SSc, and this seems to be an objective non-invasive tool for use in the study of disease development and in clinical trials.
Flexible Meta-Regression to Assess the Shape of the Benzene–Leukemia Exposure–Response Curve
Authors: Jelle Vlaanderen, Lützen Portengen, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan, Hans Kromhout, Roel Vermeulen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Previous evaluations of the shape of the benzene-leukemia exposure-response curve (ERC) were based on a single set or on small sets of human occupational studies. Integrating evidence from all available studies that are of sufficient quality combined with flexible meta-regression models is likely to provide better insight into the functional relation between benzene exposure and risk of leukemia.We used natural splines in a flexible meta-regression method to assess the shape of the benzene-leukemia ERC.We fitted meta-regression models to 30 aggregated risk estimates extracted from nine human observational studies and performed sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of a priori assessed study characteristics on the predicted ERC.The natural spline showed a supralinear shape at cumulative exposures less than 100 ppm-years, although this model fitted the data only marginally better than a linear model (p = 0.06). Stratification based on study design and jackknifing indicated that the cohort studies had a considerable impact on the shape of the ERC at high exposure levels (> 100 ppm-years) but that predicted risks for the low exposure range (< 50 ppm-years) were robust.Although limited by the small number of studies and the large heterogeneity between studies, the inclusion of all studies of sufficient quality combined with a flexible meta-regression method provides the most comprehensive evaluation of the benzene-leukemia ERC to date. The natural spline based on all data indicates a significantly increased risk of leukemia [relative risk (RR) = 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.26] at an exposure level as low as 10 ppm-years.
Collaborating to Conquer Cancer: Lessons From Our Children
Authors: Michael P. Link
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Welcome to the 48th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). I invite you to share in the exciting findings that will be presented at this year’s meeting and to enjoy the opportunity to connect with current and former colleagues. It has been my great privilege to serve as ASCO president—one of the most exciting years of my professional career. This has been a year of challenges and change—both for those of us who provide cancer care and for the patients we serve. The pace of discovery remains exciting, but our capacity to deliver high-quality care is being challenged as never before. But I believe that we have the opportunity to lead the way forward. Before I begin, I would like to thank my family, who have provided loving support and inspiration throughout my career and who remind me of the importance of family in all of our lives. ASCO is a complex organization that depends heavily on a cadre of enthusiastic volunteers. I have had the privilege to work with a fantastic group of individuals who represent the spectrum of subspecialists in our society as well as patient advocates and others. Their work is critically important to ASCO’s scientific, educational, and policy accomplishments. Special thanks go to Dr Hal Burstein, who chaired the Education Committee, and Dr Ron Levy, who chaired the Scientific Program Committee, and to all their track leaders and subchairs. They have devoted considerable energy to making this a wonderful meeting. My sincere thanks to the ASCO staff. Led by our CEO and former ASCO President Allen Lichter, this is a productive, accomplished, and accommodating group of professionals. It has always been my pleasure to work with them, but in particular over the past year. I dedicate this talk to patients and families I have cared for over the course of my career. As pediatric oncologists and parents know very well, there is nothing more motivating than a sick child, nothing to keep one honest and humble like the probing questions of an adolescent, and no greater pleasure than to have intervened in a child’s life—to have the gratification of seeing that child grow up, realize his or her dreams, and start a family. My patients have been my partners in a wonderful profession and collaborators in my own efforts to advance the field. I am grateful for how much they have enhanced my career and my life.
Constitutive production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in hairy cell leukemia: possible role in the pathogenesis of the cytopenia(s) and effect of treatment with interferon-alpha.
Authors: R Foa, A Guarini, P Francia di Celle, L Trentin, A Gillio Tos, G Bellone, A Carbone, C Attisano, M Massaia, D Raspadori
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

PURPOSE In view of the pleomorphic role cytokines play in human lymphoproliferative disorders, we investigated the possible involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in hairy cell leukemia (HCL). PATIENTS AND METHODS The levels of TNF were measured in the serum of untreated patients, and in the culture supernatants of unstimulated and stimulated enriched hairy cells (HC). Furthermore, the presence of TNF mRNA transcripts in HC was analyzed. The possibility that HC could inhibit the in vitro growth of normal erythroid progenitors via the release of TNF was also investigated. Finally, in an attempt to correlate the circulating levels of TNF with the course of the disease, these were retested during and after treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN). RESULTS Significantly increased levels of TNF were found in the sera of untreated HCL patients compared with normal control sera were seen from patients with other diseases (P less than .001), with values greater than 10 pg/mL in 21 of 42 samples tested. A significant decrease (P less than .01) of TNF levels was recorded following IFN-2a administration in 16 cases with detectable pretreatment serum levels of TNF. In two cases, an increase in TNF values was associated with persistence or progression of disease. The likelihood that the circulating levels of TNF were caused by the pathologic cells is supported by the evidence that purified HC may release TNF spontaneously. The values can be markedly increased following in vitro activation with the phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (PMA), with B-cell growth factor (BCGF), and, to a further extent, with the combination of PMA and BCGF. Furthermore, the constitutive mRNA for TNF was found in seven of eight HC samples analyzed. Although supernatants of enriched HC, were capable of reducing the growth of normal bone marrow erythroid progenitors by 50%, duplicate experiments using an anti-TNF antibody produced an almost complete disappearance of the inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that TNF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the cytopenia(s) characteristically associated with HCL.
Contribution of neuronal sodium channels to the cardiac fast sodium current is greater in dog heart Purkinje fibers than in ventricles
Authors: V HAUFE, J CORDEIRO, T ZIMMER, Y WU, S SCHICCITANO, K BENNDORF, R DUMAINE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objective: To determine the presence and the potential contribution of neuronal sodium channels to dog cardiac function.
Morbidity of Focal Therapy in the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Eric Barret, Youness Ahallal, Rafael Sanchez-Salas, Marc Galiano, Jean-Marc Cosset, Pierre Validire, Petr Macek, Matthieu Durand, Dominique Prapotnich, François Rozet, Xavier Cathelineau
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Reply to F.V. Negri et al
Authors: Sheng-Long Ye
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

We appreciate the thoughtful comments from Negri and Porta 1 regarding our recent article, 2 and we fully agree with them about the importance of managing hand-and-foot skin reactions (HFSRs) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who are receiving sorafenib.Yes, as referenced, a number of preventative and reactive measures have been used in other small studies to try to minimize the incidence and severity of HFSR for patients administered sorafenib.However, their principal criticism concerning the allowable treatment of HFSR for patients in the control arm may have been a misinterpretation of the methodology.As mentioned throughout, but perhaps not made clear, the comparison for the incidence and severity of HFSR for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib was ureabased cream (UBC) plus best supportive care (BSC) versus BSC alone, excluding the use of creams, or, in other words, UBC plus BSC versus BSC alone.Therefore, the improvement in HFSR with UBC across the two arms was not artificially magnified by preventing BSC, as implied.The only exclusion was use of cream in the control arm, as this may have confounded the results.We acknowledged that we are unable to differentiate whether the benefit resulted from UBC, per se, or from the cream itself, as this would have necessitated the introduction of a third arm into the study.However, the previous uncontrolled data had suggested that urea was active in this regard, so that was the principal focus. 3,4What constituted BSC was left to the discretion of the investigators, but it may have included use of compresses, filing of calluses, and so on.Similarly, determination of the concentration of urea to be used for optimal management was beyond the scope of this study.We believe these results do strongly establish that amelioration of HFSR by use of prophylactic measures can have a major benefit on its incidence and severity.In addition, such approaches, along with appropriate dosage modifications, should be encouraged to actively manage HFSR rather than pursuing reactive measures after HFSR has already occurred.
Detection and Typing of Human Papillomavirus in Archival Cervical Cancer Specimens by DNA Amplification With Consensus Primers
Authors: R. M. Resnick, M. T. E. Cornelissen, D. K. Wright, G. H. Eichinger, H. S. Fox, J. t. Schegget, M. M. Manos
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Detection and Typing of Human Papillomavirus in Archival Cervical Cancer Specimens by DNA Amplification With Consensus Primers Get access Robert M. Resnick, Robert M. Resnick Department of Infectious Diseases, Cetus CorporationEmeryville, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marion T. E. Cornelissen, Marion T. E. Cornelissen Department of Medical Virology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Deann K. Wright, Deann K. Wright Department of Infectious Diseases, Cetus CorporationEmeryville, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Greg H. Eichinger, Greg H. Eichinger Department of Infectious Diseases, Cetus CorporationEmeryville, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Howard S. Fox, Howard S. Fox Department of Pathology, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jan ter Schegget, Jan ter Schegget Department of Medical Virology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Michele Manos M. Michele Manos * Department of Infectious Diseases, Cetus CorporationEmeryville, Calif. *Correspondence to : M. Michele Manos, Ph.D., Department of Infectious Diseases, Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 18, 19 September 1990, Pages 1477–1484, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.18.1477 Published: 19 September 1990 Article history Received: 30 April 1990 Revision received: 20 June 1990 Accepted: 25 June 1990 Published: 19 September 1990
Type III Allergy to Insulin Detemir
Authors: Patrice Darmon, Virginie Castera, Marie-Christine Koeppel, Cathy Petitjean, Anne Dutour
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Allergy to insulin has become rare with human recombinant insulin or its analogs, with an estimated incidence of <1%. The most common clinical situation is related to the type I allergic reaction in the Gell and Coombs classification and usually consists of a local wheal-and-flare eruption at injection site with induration, pruritus, and burning sensation that appear a few minutes after the injection and last for 1–2 h; this reaction is rarely systemic, with urticaria, angioedema, or anaphylactic shock. Insulin …
Natural killer cells and gamma delta T cells in scleroderma: relationship to disease duration and anti-Scl-70 antibodies.
Authors: R F Holcombe, B A Baethge, R E Wolf, K W Betzing, R M Stewart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVES--To examine the expression of the natural killer (NK) antigen CD56, and T cell receptor delta chain antigen (TCR delta), expressed on the gamma delta T cell subset, in patients with scleroderma, and to correlate levels of expression with clinical characteristics. METHODS--Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 patients with scleroderma and 11 controls were obtained from heparinised blood on a ficoll/hypaque gradient, stained with monoclonal antibodies, and examined by flow cytometry for expression of CD56 and TCR delta. RESULTS--Overall, the proportion of PBMCs expressing CD56 in the patient group (14.4 (SEM 2.6)%) was not significantly different from controls (8.75 (2.6)%). The greatest levels of expression were found in patients late (more than three years) in their disease course (18.1 (3.3)%) and in patients who did not express anti-Scl-70 antibodies (17.1 (3.5)%). The proportion of gamma delta T cells was significantly lower in the patient group (1.61 (0.52)% v control 2.61 (0.46)%) (p &lt; 0.05). Patients early in their disease or with anti-Scl-70 antibodies accounted for the reduction in gamma delta T cells (0.71 (0.29)% and 0.96 (0.41)% (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS--This study emphasis that NK and gamma delta T cell numbers vary depending upon patient characteristics and may help explain prior contradictory reports. Decreased numbers of gamma delta T cells were seen in scleroderma patients, especially those with anti-Scl-70 antibodies and a disease duration of less than three years.
A VIRUS DISEASE OF PARROTS AND PARRAKEETS DIFFERING FROM PSITTACOSIS
Authors: Thomas M. Rivers, Francis F. Schwentker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The virus of parrots and parrakeets discovered by Pacheco, Bier, and Meyer is unrelated to the agent causing psittacosis either in birds or in man. The virus is fairly species-specific and manifests itself chiefly by the production of areas of focal necrosis in the liver and acidophilic intranuclear inclusions in affected cells.
Knock down of HIF-1α in glioma cells reduces migration in vitro and invasion in vivo and impairs their ability to form tumor spheres
Authors: Olga Méndez, Jiri Zavadil, Mine Esencay, Yevgeniy Lukyanov, Daniel Santovasi, Shu-Chi Wang, Elizabeth W Newcomb, David Zagzag
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary intracranial human neoplasm. GBMs are characterized by the presence of extensive areas of necrosis and hypoxia. Hypoxia and its master regulator, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) play a key role in glioma invasion. Results To further elucidate the functional role of HIF-1α in glioma cell migration in vitro and in invasion in vivo , we used a shRNA approach to knock down HIF-1α expression complemented with genome-wide expression profiling, performed in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Our data show that knock down of HIF-1α in glioma cells significantly impairs their migration in vitro as well as their ability to invade into the brain parenchyma in vivo . Next, we assessed the role that HIF-1α plays in maintaining the characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs). By using the tumor sphere forming assay, we demonstrate that HIF-1α plays a role in the survival and self-renewal potential of CSCs. Finally, expression profiling experiments in glioma cells provided detailed insight into a broad range of specific biological pathways and processes downstream of HIF-1α. We discuss the role of these processes in the migratory and invasive properties, as well as the stem cell biology of glioblastomas Conclusions Our data show that knock down of HIF-1α in human and murine glioma cells impairs their migration in vitro and their invasion in vivo . In addition, our data suggest that HIF-1α plays a role in the survival and self-renewal potential of CSCs and identify genes that might further elucidate the role of HIF-1α in tumor migration, invasion and stem cell biology.
Factor-dependent in vitro growth of human normal bone marrow-derived basophil-like cells.
Authors: K Tadokoro, B M Stadler, A L De Weck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

A factor(s) present in supernatants from lectin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells promoted the production of basophil-like cells in liquid cultures of normal human bone marrow cells. The cultured basophil-like cells had lobulated or round nuclei, and the cytoplasmic granules stained metachromatically with toluidine blue and azurophilic with Giemsa. 20% of the metachromatically staining cells were peroxidase positive but not positive for nonspecific esterase. The histamine content was 0.5-2 pg/cell. The basophil-like cells released histamine upon challenge with calcium ionophore A23187 but not with compound 48/80. They also released histamine with anti-IgE when passively sensitized with human myeloma IgE. The development of basophil-like cells was promoted in a dose-dependent fashion by a factor(s) in the conditioned medium. Blocking of cell proliferation with hydroxyurea or X irradiation inhibited the development of basophil-like cells. The production of the factor was dependent on the presence of T cells. The factor was different from interleukin 2 and its molecular weight was estimated to be 25,000-40,000 by gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-200 column. Thus, human basophil-like cells derived from normal bone marrow cells can grow and differentiate in vitro under the regulation of T cells.