tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leiomyoma-related bleeding: a classic hypothesis updated for the molecular era
Authors: E. Stewart
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

Leiomyomas are an important cause of menorrhagia and other forms of abnormal uterine bleeding. The pathogenesis of this process is largely unknown, however. A classic theory, first suggested by Sampson's work in 1912 (Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 14, 215-230), states that local dysregulation of the vascular structures in the uterus is responsible for this abnormal bleeding. Recent work demonstrates dysregulation of a number of growth factors in the myomatous uterus. As many of these factors regulate the process of angiogenesis or have other effects on vascular structures, we hypothesize that this dysregulation of growth factors or their receptors provides the molecular mechanism underlying these vascular abnormalities. In turn, these abnormal vessels lead women with leiomyomas to experience menorrhagia. Factors that may prove to be important in this process include basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, parathyroid hormone-related protein and prolactin. Current treatment regimens for women with leiomyoma-related bleeding depend on manipulation of the steroid hormone environment. By better understanding the pathogenesis of this disease process, therapies directed against growth factor abnormalities may result in better treatment with less harmful side-effects.
Compassionate use of bevacizumab (Avastin®) in children and young adults with refractory or recurrent solid tumors
Authors: M. Benesch, M. Windelberg, W. Sauseng, V. Witt, G. Fleischhack, H. Lackner, H. Gadner, U. Bode, C. Urban
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) 2001 Meeting
Authors: Zachary T Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

This report is on the 37th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), held in Glasgow, U.K., from 9 to 13 September 2001. It covers such topics as the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes and potential therapeutic strategies for diabetic neuropathy.

At the Robert Turner Memorial Lecture opening the 37th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Stephen O’Rahilly (Cambridge, U.K.) discussed the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and human metabolic disease. He tried to “get some of the flavor of Robert [Turner]” in his analysis of “extreme human phenotypes” having abnormality of the PPAR-γ gene, pointing out that “experiments of nature” are serious diseases with high morbidity and mortality that can illuminate normal biology and act as models for common diseases. He noted that similar studies of individuals who lack estrogen receptor or IGF-1 have illuminated other more common clinical syndromes.

His Genetics of Obesity program has enrolled children with prepubertal onset and weight >3 SDs. Studies of two related children with severe obesity lacking functional leptin have shown that deficiency of this hormone in humans causes pathology similar to that described in mice. Two other pedigrees with the same mutation were subsequently discovered. Treatment of four leptin-deficient patients with recombinant human leptin markedly decreased energy intake and lowered fat mass. These children had decreased interferon (IFN)-γ production by T-cells that was reversed by leptin treatment. Individuals without leptin fail to enter puberty. Normal age-appropriate gonadotropin response is seen with replacement treatment. O’Rahilly speculated that the physiologic role of leptin may be particularly important when levels are very low and that the main function of leptin may be to signal the transition between the fed and starved states. Heterozygotes from these families may have an abnormal relationship …
Effects of Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation on Cardiac Performance, Oxygen Consumption, and Coronary Blood Flow in Dogs
Authors: WM. JOHN POWELL, WILLARD M. DAGGETT, ALFRED E. MAGRO, JESUS A. BIANCO, MORTIMER J. BUCKLEY, CHARLES A. SANDERS, ARTHUR R. KANTROWITZ, W. GERALD AUSTEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The effect of intra-aortic Counterpulsation (IACP) with a balloon upon myocardial oxygen consumption (MV · o 2 ), coronary blood flow (TCF), and left ventricular performance was studied in 23 anesthetized canine right heart bypass preparations at constant heart rate and cardiac output. In nonhypotensive, nonTCF-limited preparations, IACP produced a fall in left ventricular peak systolic pressure (LVP) and a decrease in MV · o 2 (-1.1 ± 0.2 (SE) ml/min/100 g LV). In these animals there was little steady state change in TCF (-5.6±5.9 ml/min), secondary to autoregulation by the coronary vascular bed. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) fell if elevated but exhibited little change if initially normal. However, in hypotensive preparations, in which left ventricular performance was substantially limited by a decreased TCF, IACP produced a striking increase in TCF (+40.9 ± 8.6 ml/min) accompanied by an increase in MV · o 2 (+1.2±0.3 ml/min/100 g LV). Elevated LVEDPs fell substantially toward normal. Directionally similar changes in LVEDP could be produced by increasing TCF alone in the absence of balloon pumping. When TCF was maintained constant in the hypotensive, TCF-limited preparation, IACP produced a fall in peak LVP and LVEDP. These data document two effects of intra-aortic balloon Counterpulsation upon cardiac dynamics: (1) IACP can decrease left ventricular peak systolic pressure and LVEDP independent of changes in coronary flow; (2) a major effect of IACP in the hypotensive, failing, TCF-limited preparation is to improve cardiac performance by increasing TCF with an associated increase in MV · o 2 .
Psychological impact of human papillomavirus testing in women with borderline or mildly dyskaryotic cervical smear test results: cross sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Esther Maissi, Theresa M Marteau, Matthew Hankins, Sue Moss, Rosa Legood, Alastair Gray
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To describe the psychological impact on women of being tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) when smear test results are borderline or mildly dyskaryotic. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional questionnaire study. <b>Setting</b> Two centres participating in an English pilot study of HPV testing in women with borderline or mildly dyskaryotic smear test results. <b>Participants</b> Women receiving borderline or mildly dyskaryotic smear test results tested for HPV and found to be HPV positive (n = 536) or HPV negative (n = 331); and women not tested for HPV with borderline or mildly dyskaryotic smear results (n = 143) or normal smear results (n = 366). <b>Main outcome measures</b> State anxiety, distress, and concern about test result, assessed within four weeks of receipt of results. <b>Results</b> Women with borderline or mildly dyskaryotic smear results who were HPV positive were more anxious, distressed, and concerned than the other three groups. Three variables independently predicted anxiety in HPV positive women: younger age (β = −0.11, P = 0.03), higher perceived risk of cervical cancer (β = 0.17, P &lt; 0.001), and reporting that they did not understand the meaning of test results (β = 0.17, P = 0.001). Testing HPV negative was not reassuring: among women with abnormal smear test results, those who were HPV negative were no less anxious than those who were not tested for HPV. <b>Conclusions</b> Informing women more effectively about the meaning of borderline or mildly dyskaryotic smear test results and HPV status, in particular about the absolute risks of cervical cancer and the prevalence of HPV infection, may avoid some anxiety for those who are HPV positive while achieving some reassurance for those who test HPV negative.
The clinical introduction of genetic testing for Alzheimer disease. An ethical perspective
Authors: S. G. Post
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Primary caregivers should be aware of recent progress in the genetics of Alzheimer disease (AD) and of the clinical and ethical considerations raised regarding the introduction of genetic testing for purposes of disease prediction and susceptibility (risk) analysis in asymptomatic individuals and diagnosis in patients who present clinically with dementia. This statement addresses arguments for and against clinical genetic testing.The 20 participants were selected by the investigators (S.G.P., T.H.M., A.B.Z., and P.J.W.) to achieve balance in the areas of genetics, counseling, ethics, and public policy, and to include leadership from related consensus projects. The consensus group met twice in closed meetings and carried on extensive correspondence over 2 years (1995-1997). The project was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health.All 4 involved chromosomes were discussed in group meetings against a background of information from several focus group sessions with AD-affected families. The focus groups comprised volunteers identified by the Cleveland Area Chapter of the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association and represented a variety of ethnic populations.The first draft was written in April 1996 by the principal investigator (S.G.P.) after the consensus group had met twice. The draft was mailed to all consensus group members 3 times over 6 months for extensive response and redrafting by the principal investigator until all members were satisfied.Except for autosomal dominant early-onset families, genetic testing in asymptomatic individuals is unwarranted. Use of APOE genetic testing as a diagnostic adjunct in patients already presenting with dementia may prove useful but it remains under investigation. The premature introduction of genetic testing and possible adverse consequences are to be avoided.
Genome sequencing and characterization of an extensively drug-resistant sequence type 111 serotype O12 hospital outbreak strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: A.A. Witney, K.A. Gould, C.F. Pope, F. Bolt, N.G. Stoker, M.D. Cubbon, C.R. Bradley, A. Fraise, A.S. Breathnach, P.D. Butcher, T.D. Planche, J. Hinds
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
The role of emotion in sociopathy: Contradictions and unanswered questions
Authors: Nancy Eisenberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Emotion is critical in Mealey's conceptual arguments. However, several of her assertions about the role of emotion in sociopathy are problematic. Questions are raised regarding the link between lack of anxiety and low levels of secondary emotions such as love and sympathy, the argument that sociopaths are low in anxiety but high in neuroticism, and the designation of anxiety as a secondary emotion.
Consolidation Treatment With Chimeric Anti-GD2-Antibody ch14.18 in Children Older Than 1 Year With Metastatic Neuroblastoma
Authors: Thorsten Simon, Barbara Hero, Andreas Faldum, Rupert Handgretinger, Martin Schrappe, Dietrich Niethammer, Frank Berthold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Antibody treatment is considered tolerable and potentially effective in the therapy of neuroblastoma. We have analyzed stage 4 neuroblastoma patients older than 1 year who underwent consolidation treatment with the chimeric monoclonal anti-GD2-antibody ch14.18.Stage 4 patients older than 1 year who completed initial treatment without event were eligible. ch14.18 was scheduled in a dose of 20 mg/m2/d during 5 days in six cycles every 2 months. Patients who did not receive ch14.18 served as controls.Of 334 assessable patients, 166 received ch14.18, 99 received a 12-month low-dose maintenance chemotherapy (MT) instead, and 69 had no additional treatment. During 695 ch14.18 cycles, fever (55% of cycles), abnormal C-reactive protein without infection (35%), cough (24%), rash (22%), and pain (16%) were the main side effects. Univariate analysis found similar event-free survival (EFS) for the three groups (3-year EFS, 46.5% +/- 4.1%, 44.4% +/- 4.9%, 37.1% +/- 5.9% for patients treated with antibody ch14.18, MT, and no additional therapy, respectively; log-rank test, P =.314). For overall survival (OS), ch14.18 treatment (3-year OS, 68.5% +/- 3.9%) was superior to MT (3-year OS, 56.6% +/- 5.0%) or no additional therapy (3-year OS, 46.8% +/- 6.2%; log-rank test, P =.018). Separate univariate analysis of patients with autologous stem-cell transplantation revealed no difference between patients with ch14.18 treatment and no additional consolidation. Multivariate analysis failed to demonstrate an advantage of antibody treatment for EFS and OS.Consolidation treatment of stage 4 neuroblastoma with ch14.18 was associated with considerable but manageable side effects. Compared with oral maintenance chemotherapy and no consolidation treatment, ch14.18 had no clear impact on the outcome of patients.
Genetically complex epilepsies, copy number variants and syndrome constellations
Authors: Heather C Mefford, John C Mulley
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, with a prevalence of 1% and lifetime incidence of 3%. There are numerous epilepsy syndromes, most of which are considered to be genetic epilepsies. Despite the discovery of more than 20 genes for epilepsy to date, much of the genetic contribution to epilepsy is not yet known. Copy number variants have been established as an important source of mutation in other complex brain disorders, including intellectual disability, autism and schizophrenia. Recent advances in technology now facilitate genome-wide searches for copy number variants and are beginning to be applied to epilepsy. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the contribution of copy number variants to epilepsy, and how that knowledge is redefining classification of clinical and genetic syndromes.
Effect of spinal surgery on lung function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Authors: J D Kennedy, A J Staples, P D Brook, D W Parsons, A D Sutherland, A J Martin, L M Stern, B K Foster
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--The effect on subsequent respiratory function of spinal stabilisation for scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is unclear. In order to clarify this clinical problem, changes in the forced vital capacity of a group of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who had undergone spinal surgery were measured and compared with a group of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who had not had surgery. METHODS--In this retrospective study 17 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who underwent spinal stabilisation at a mean age of 14.9 years (surgical group) were compared with 21 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who had not had surgery (non-surgical group). The mean (SD) Cobb angle of the surgical group at 14.9 years was 57 (16.4) degrees, and of the non-surgical group at 15 years was 45 (29.9) degrees. Forced vital capacity expressed as percentage predicted (% FVC) was measured in total over a seven year period in the surgical group and over 6.5 years in the non-surgical group, and regression equations were calculated. Survival curves for both groups were also constructed. RESULTS--No difference was found between spinal stabilisation (surgical group) and the non-surgical group in the rate of deterioration of % FVC which was 3-5% per year. There was no difference in survival in either group. CONCLUSIONS--Spinal stabilisation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy does not alter the decline in pulmonary function, nor does it improve survival.
The Antioxidant Tempol Reduces Carcinogenesis and Enhances Survival in Mice When Administered after Nonlethal Total Body Radiation
Authors: James B. Mitchell, Miriam R. Anver, Anastasia L. Sowers, Philip S. Rosenberg, Maria Figueroa, Angela Thetford, Murali C. Krishna, Paul S. Albert, John A. Cook
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

There is significant interest in the development of agents that can ameliorate radiation damage after exposure to radiation has occurred. Here we report that chronic supplementation of the antioxidant Tempol in the diet of mice can reduce body weight without toxicity, decrease cancer, and extend survival when administered after nonlethal total body radiation (TBI). These effects were apparent in two different strains of mice (C3H, CBA) exposed to TBI (3 Gy). Notably, delaying administration of the Tempol diet one month after TBI could also enhance survival. Tempol reduced the incidence of hematopoietic neoplasms (lymphomas) in both strains, whereas both the onset and incidence of nonhematopoietic neoplasms were reduced in CBA mice. These results encourage further study of Tempol as a chemopreventive, to reduce the incidence of radiation-induced second malignancies after a course of definitive radiation therapy. Tempol may also find applications to reduce the risk of cancers in populations exposed to nonlethal radiation due to nuclear accidents or terrorist attacks.
Musashi-2 controls cell fate, lineage bias, and TGF-β signaling in HSCs
Authors: Sun-Mi Park, Raquel P. Deering, Yuheng Lu, Patrick Tivnan, Steve Lianoglou, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Benjamin L. Ebert, Nir Hacohen, Christina Leslie, George Q. Daley, Christopher J. Lengner, Michael G. Kharas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are maintained through the regulation of symmetric and asymmetric cell division. We report that conditional ablation of the RNA-binding protein Msi2 results in a failure of HSC maintenance and engraftment caused by a loss of quiescence and increased commitment divisions. Contrary to previous studies, we found that these phenotypes were independent of Numb. Global transcriptome profiling and RNA target analysis uncovered Msi2 interactions at multiple nodes within pathways that govern RNA translation, stem cell function, and TGF-β signaling. Msi2-null HSCs are insensitive to TGF-β–mediated expansion and have decreased signaling output, resulting in a loss of myeloid-restricted HSCs and myeloid reconstitution. Thus, Msi2 is an important regulator of the HSC translatome and balances HSC homeostasis and lineage bias.
Spiral Computed Tomography for Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: U. Joseph Schoepf, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Philip Costello
Journal: Circulation (2004)

There is still considerable debate about the optimal diagnostic imaging modality for acute pulmonary embolism. If imaging is deemed necessary from an initial clinical evaluation such as d-dimer testing, options include nuclear medicine scanning, catheter pulmonary angiography, and spiral CT. In many institutions, spiral CT is becoming established as the first-line imaging test in daily clinical practice. With spiral CT, thrombus is directly visualized, and both mediastinal and parenchymal structures are evaluated, which may provide important alternative or additional diagnoses. However, limitations for the accurate diagnosis of small peripheral emboli, with a reported miss rate of up to 30% with single-slice spiral CT so far, have prevented the unanimous embrace of spiral CT as the new standard of reference for imaging pulmonary embolism. The clinical significance of the detection and treatment of isolated peripheral pulmonary emboli is uncertain. Evidence is accumulating that it is safe practice to withhold anticoagulation in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism on the basis of a negative spiral CT study. Remaining concerns about the accuracy of spiral CT for pulmonary embolism detection may be overcome by the introduction of multidetector-row spiral CT. This widely available technology has improved visualization of peripheral pulmonary arteries and detection of small emboli. The most recent generation of multidetector-row spiral CT scanners appears to outperform competing imaging modalities for the accurate detection of central and peripheral pulmonary embolism. In this review, we assess the current role and future potential of CT in the diagnostic algorithm of acute pulmonary embolism.
BLOOD LIPIDS IN PSORIASIS..
Authors: J. B. ENTICKNAP, C. C. RYAN, T. S. LANSLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article BLOOD LIPIDS IN PSORIASIS.: The Effects of“Lipostabil” Get access J. B. ENTICKNAP, J. B. ENTICKNAP East Ham Memorial Hospital, London, E.7 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. C. RYAN, C. C. RYAN East Ham Memorial Hospital, London, E.7 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. S. LANSLEY T. S. LANSLEY East Ham Memorial Hospital, London, E.7 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 3, 1 March 1961, Pages 99–102, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14414.x Published: 01 March 1961
Fine mapping of regulatory loci for mammalian gene expression using radiation hybrids
Authors: Christopher C Park, Sangtae Ahn, Joshua S Bloom, Andy Lin, Richard T Wang, Tongtong Wu, Aswin Sekar, Arshad H Khan, Christine J Farr, Aldons J Lusis, Richard M Leahy, Kenneth Lange, Desmond J Smith
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Post-combat syndromes from the Boer war to the Gulf war: a cluster analysis of their nature and attribution
Authors: E. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To discover whether post-combat syndromes have existed after modern wars and what relation they bear to each other. <b>Design:</b> Review of medical and military records of servicemen and cluster analysis of symptoms. <b>Data sources:</b> Records for 1856 veterans randomly selected from war pension files awarded from 1872 and from the Medical Assessment Programme for Gulf war veterans. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Characteristic patterns of symptom clusters and their relation to dependent variables including war, diagnosis, predisposing physical illness, and exposure to combat; and servicemen9s changing attributions for post-combat disorders. <b>Results:</b> Three varieties of post-combat disorder were identified — a debility syndrome (associated with the 19th and early 20th centuries), somatic syndrome (related primarily to the first world war), and a neuropsychiatric syndrome (associated with the second world war and the Gulf conflict). The era in which the war occurred was overwhelmingly the best predictor of cluster membership. <b>Conclusions:</b> All modern wars have been associated with a syndrome characterised by unexplained medical symptoms. The form that these assume, the terms used to describe them, and the explanations offered by servicemen and doctors seem to be influenced by advances in medical science, changes in the nature of warfare, and underlying cultural forces.
The Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Work Loss in the United States
Authors: DON D. SIN, TANIA STAFINSKI, YING CHU NG, NEIL R. BELL, PHILIP JACOBS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a rapidly growing public health problem in the United States and elsewhere. Although direct costs of COPD are well documented, the impact of COPD and its severity on labor force participation is not well known. Using population-based data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), we determined the adjusted relationship between COPD (and its severity) and labor force participation in the U.S. We used data from 12,436 participants involved in NHANES III; 1,073 of these participants (8.6% of the total) reported COPD. These participants were 3.9% (95% confidence interval, 1.3% to 6.4%) less likely to be in the labor force than those without COPD. Increasing severity of COPD was associated with decreased probability of being in the labor force (p for linear trend = 0.001). Mild, moderate, and severe COPD was associated with a 3.4%, 3.9%, and 14.4% reduction in the labor force participation rate relative to those without COPD. These data suggest that COPD has a considerable adverse impact on work force participation. Based on these data, we estimate that, in 1994, COPD was responsible for work loss of approximately $9.9 billion in the U.S.